The World Anti-Doping CodeINTERNATIONAL
STANDARD FORTESTING

January 2012

International Standard for Testing
The International Standard for Testing was first adopted in 2003
and became effective in 2004. Further revisions
to the International Standard for Testing were approved by theWorld Anti-Doping Agency Executive Committee on 10 May 2008.
The enclosed incorporates additional revisions to the International
Standard for Testing that were approved by the World Anti-Doping Agency
Executive Committee on 17 September 2011. The revised International
Standard for Testing is effective as of 1 January 2012
Published on October 4, 2011 by:World Anti-Doping Agency
Stock Exchange Tower
800 Place Victoria (Suite 1700)
PO Box 120
Montreal, Quebec,
Canada H4Z 1B7
URL: www.wada-ama.org
Tel:+1 514 904 9232
Fax:
+1 514 904 8650
E-mail: code@wada-ama.org

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PREAMBLEWorld Anti-Doping Code International Standard for Testing is a mandatory
International Standard (Level 2) developed as part of the World Anti-Doping
Program.
Version 3.0 of the 2003 International Standard for Testing was approved by
the WADA Executive Committee on June 7th 2003. In concert with revisions
to the 2003 World Anti-Doping Code, a consultation process was initiatedwith Signatories in order to revise the International Standard for Testing.
Version 1.0 of the revised International Standard for Testing was circulated
to Signatories and governments for review and comments in August 2006.
Versions 2.0 (2007), 3.0 (2007) and 4.0 (2008) were also drafted based on
the comments and proposals received from Signatories and governments
during this consultation process. The International Standard for Testing(January 2009) was approved by the WADA Executive Committee in May
2008. The International Standard for Testing (January 2012) was approvedby the WADA Executive Committee in September 2011.
The official text of the International Standard for Testing shall be maintainedby WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any
conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shallprevail.

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TABLE OF CONTENTSPART ONE: INTRODUCTION, CODE PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS .......6
1.0

Introduction and scope .......................................................................... 6

2.0

Code Provisions ...................................................................................... 7

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

Terms and definitions, and interpretation ............................................ 16
Defined terms from the 2009 Code ................................................................ 16
Defined terms specific to the International Standard for Testing ........................ 20
Defined terms specific to the International Standard for Laboratories................. 20
Interpretation of the International Standard for Testing ................................... 22

PART TWO: STANDARDS FOR TESTING .................................................. 23
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

Planning ............................................................................................... 23
Objective ................................................................................................... 23
General 23
Requirements for test distribution planning..................................................... 24
Requirements for selection of Athletes for Testing ........................................... 26

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

Notification of Athletes ......................................................................... 29
Objective ................................................................................................... 29
General 29
Requirements prior to notification of Athletes.................................................. 29
Requirements for notification of Athletes ........................................................ 31

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3

Preparing for the Sample Collection Session ........................................ 34
Objective ................................................................................................... 34
General 34
Requirements for preparing for the Sample Collection Session .......................... 34

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

Conducting the Sample Collection Session............................................ 36
Objective ................................................................................................... 36
General 36
Requirements prior to Sample collection......................................................... 36
Requirements for Sample collection ............................................................... 37

8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3

Security/Post test administration ........................................................ 39
Objective ................................................................................................... 39
General 39
Requirements for security/post test administration .......................................... 39

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3

Transport of Samples and documentation ............................................ 39
Objective ................................................................................................... 39
General 40
Requirements for transport and storage of Samples and documentation ............. 40

10.0

Ownership of Samples .......................................................................... 41

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11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.6
11.7

11.0 ...................................................... Athlete Whereabouts Requirements............................................................................................................. 41
Objective/general principles.......................................................................... 41
Requirements for establishing the Registered Testing Pool ................................ 46
Whereabouts Filing Requirements.................................................................. 48
Availability for Testing.................................................................................. 53
Results Management.................................................................................... 60
Whereabouts Responsibilities of Anti-Doping Organizations .............................. 67

PART THREE: ANNEXES ......................................................................... 73
Annex A - Investigating a possible Failure to Comply ................................................. 73
Annex B - Modifications for Athletes with disabilities .................................................. 75
Annex C - Modifications for Athletes who are Minors .................................................. 77
Annex D - Collection of urine Samples...................................................................... 79
Annex E - Collection of blood Samples ..................................................................... 83
Annex F - Urine Samples - Insufficient volume .......................................................... 86
Annex G - Urine Samples that do not meet the requirement for
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis......................................................... 88
Annex H - Sample Collection Personnel Requirements ................................................ 90

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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION, CODE PROVISIONS AND
DEFINITIONS
1.0

Introduction and scope

The main purpose of the International Standard for Testing is to plan for effective
Testing, both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition, and to maintain the
integrity and identity of the Samples collected, from the point the Athlete is
notified of the test to the point the Samples are transported to the laboratory for
analysis.
The International Standard for Testing includes standards for test distribution
planning, notification of Athletes, preparing for and conducting Sample collection,
security/post test administration and transport of Samples.
In addition, Section 11.0 of the International Standard for Testing sets out
mandatory standards to be implemented by IFs and NADOs (as well as recognised
and applied by other Anti-Doping Organizations) as the whereabouts
requirements applicable to Athletes in their respective Registered Testing Pools.
Failure to comply with such requirements three times in an 18-month period shallconstitute an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code.
The International Standard for Testing, including all annexes, is mandatory for all
Signatories to the Code.
The World Anti-Doping Program encompasses all of the elements needed in orderto ensure optimal harmonization and best practice in international and nationalanti-doping programs. The main elements are: the Code (Level 1), International
Standards (Level 2), and Models of Best Practice (Level 3).
In the introduction to the Code, the purpose and implementation of theInternational Standards are summarized as follows:“International Standards for different technical and operational areas within
the anti-doping program will be developed in consultation with the Signatories
and governments and approved by WADA. The purpose of the International
Standards is harmonization among Anti-Doping Organizations responsible for
specific technical and operational parts of the anti-doping programs.
Adherence to the International Standards is mandatory for compliance with
the Code. The International Standards may be revised from time to time by
the WADA Executive Committee after reasonable consultation with the
Signatories and governments.
Unless provided otherwise in the Code,International Standards and all revisions shall become effective on the datespecified in the International Standard or revision.”International Standard for Testing, January 2012

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Definitions specified in the Code are written in italics. Additional definitions
specific to the International Standard for Testing are underlined.

2.0

Code Provisions

The following articles in the 2009 Code are directly relevant to the International
Standard for Testing:Code Article 2 Anti-Doping Rule Violations
2.3
Refusing or failing without compelling justification to submit to Sample
collection after notification as authorized in applicable anti-doping rules orotherwise evading Sample collection.
[Comment to Article 2.3: Failure or refusal to submit to Sample collection after notification
was prohibited in almost all pre-Code anti-doping rules. This Article expands the typicalpre-Code rule to include "otherwise evading Sample collection" as prohibited conduct.
Thus, for example, it would be an anti-doping rule violation if it were established that an
Athlete was hiding from a Doping Control official to evade notification or Testing. A
violation of "refusing or failing to submit to Sample collection” may be based on either
intentional or negligent conduct of the Athlete, while "evading" Sample collection
contemplates intentional conduct by the Athlete.]

2.4
Violation of applicable requirements regarding Athlete availability
for Out-of-Competition Testing, including failure to file required whereabouts
information and missed tests which are declared based on rules which comply
with the International Standard for Testing. Any combination of three missed
tests and/or filing failures within an eighteen-month period as determined by
Anti-Doping Organizations with jurisdiction over the Athlete shall constitute ananti-doping rule violation.
[Comment to Article 2.4: Separate whereabouts filing failures and missed tests declaredunder the rules of the Athlete’s International Federation or any other Anti-Doping
Organization with authority to declare whereabouts filing failures and missed tests inaccordance with the International Standard for Testing shall be combined in applying this
Article. In appropriate circumstances, missed tests or filing failures may also constitutean anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.3 or Article 2.5.]

2.5

Tampering, or Attempted Tampering, with any part of Doping Control.

[Comment to Article 2.5: This Article prohibits conduct which subverts the Doping Control
process but which would not otherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods.
For example, altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form during Testing,breaking the B Bottle at the time of B Sample analysis or providing fraudulent information
to an Anti-Doping Organization.]International Standard for Testing, January 2012

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2.8
Administration or Attempted administration to any Athlete InCompetition of any Prohibited Method or Prohibited Substance, or administrationor Attempted administration to any Athlete Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited
Method or any Prohibited Substance that is prohibited Out-of-Competition, or
assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type ofcomplicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any Attempted anti-doping
rule violation.
[Comment to Article 2: The Code does not make it an anti-doping rule violation for an
Athlete or other Person to work or associate with Athlete Support Personnel who areserving a period of Ineligibility. However, a sport organization may adopt its own rules
which prohibit such conduct.]

Code Article 3 Proof of Doping
3.2.2 Departures from any other International Standard or other anti-doping
rule or policy which did not cause an Adverse Analytical Finding or other antidoping rule violation shall not invalidate such results. If the Athlete or other
Person establishes that a departure from another International Standard or otheranti-3doping rule or policy which could reasonably have caused the Adverse
Analytical Finding or other anti-doping rule violation occurred, then the AntiDoping Organization shall have the burden to establish that such departure did
not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the factual basis for the anti-doping
rule violation.
Code Article 5 Testing
5.1
Test Distribution Planning. Subject to the jurisdictional limitations for
In-Competition Testing in Article 15.1, each National Anti-Doping Organization
shall have Testing jurisdiction over all Athletes who are present in that National
Anti-Doping Organization’s country or who are nationals, residents, licenseholders or members of sport organizations of that country. Each International
Federation shall have Testing jurisdiction over all Athletes who are members of
their member National Federations or who participate in their Events. All Athletesmust comply with any request for Testing by any Anti-Doping Organization with
Testing jurisdiction.
In coordination with other Anti-Doping Organizations
conducting Testing on the same Athletes, and consistent with the International
Standard for Testing, each Anti-Doping Organization shall:
5.1.1 Plan and conduct an effective number of In-Competition and Out-ofCompetition tests on Athletes over whom they have jurisdiction, including but notlimited to Athletes in their respective Registered Testing Pools. Each International
Federation shall establish a Registered Testing Pool for International-Level
Athletes in its sport, and each National Anti-Doping Organization shall establish anational Registered Testing Pool for Athletes who are present in that National
Anti-Doping Organization’s country or who are nationals, residents, licenseholders or members of sports organizations of that country. In accordance with

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Article 14.3, any Athlete included in a Registered Testing Pool shall be subject tothe whereabouts requirements set out in the International Standard for Testing.
5.1.2 Except in exceptional circumstances all Out-of-Competition Testing shallbe No Advance Notice.
5.1.3

Make Target Testing a priority.

5.1.4 Conduct Testing on Athletes serving a period of Ineligibility or a
Provisional Suspension.
[Comment to Article 5.1.3: Target Testing is specified because random Testing, or evenweighted random Testing, does not ensure that all of the appropriate Athletes will betested (e.g., world-class Athletes, Athletes whose performances have dramatically
improved over a short period of time, Athletes whose coaches have had other Athletes
test positive, etc.).
Obviously, Target Testing must not be used for any purpose other than legitimate Doping
Control. The Code makes it clear that Athletes have no right to expect that they will betested only on a random basis. Similarly, it does not impose any reasonable suspicion orprobable cause requirement for Target Testing.]

5.2
Standards for Testing Anti-Doping Organizations with Testing
jurisdiction shall conduct such Testing in conformity with the International
Standard for Testing.
5.3

Retired Athletes Returning to Competition

Each Anti-Doping Organization shall establish a rule addressing eligibility
requirements for Athletes who are not Ineligible and retire from sport while
included in a Registered Testing Pool and then seek to return to active
participation in sport.
Code Article 7 Results Management
7.1
Initial Review Regarding Adverse Analytical Findings Upon receipt
of an A Sample Adverse Analytical Finding, the Anti-Doping Organization
responsible for results management shall conduct a review to determine whether:(a) an applicable therapeutic use exemption has been granted or will be granted
as provided in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, or (b)there is any apparent departure from the International Standard for Testing orInternational Standard for Laboratories that caused the Adverse Analytical
Finding.

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7.2
Notification After Initial Review Regarding Adverse Analytical
Findings If the initial review of an Adverse Analytical Finding under Article 7.1
does not reveal an applicable therapeutic use exemption or entitlement to atherapeutic use exemption as provided in the International Standard for
Therapeutic Use Exemptions, or departure that caused the Adverse Analytical
Finding, the Anti-Doping Organization shall promptly notify the Athlete, in themanner set out in its rules, of: (a) the Adverse Analytical Finding; (b) the antidoping rule violated; (c) the Athlete's right to promptly request the analysis of the
B Sample or, failing such request, that the B Sample analysis may be deemed
waived; (d) the scheduled date, time and place for the B Sample analysis if theAthlete or Anti-Doping Organization chooses to request an analysis of the B
Sample; (e) the opportunity for the Athlete and/or the Athlete's representative toattend the B Sample opening and analysis within the time period specified in theInternational Standard for Laboratories if such analysis is requested; and (f) the
Athlete's right to request copies of the A and B Sample laboratory documentation
package which includes information as required by the International Standard forLaboratories. The Anti-Doping Organization shall also notify the other AntiDoping Organizations described in Article 14.1.2. If the Anti-Doping Organization
decides not to bring forward the Adverse Analytical Finding as an anti-doping ruleviolation, it shall so notify the Athlete and the Anti-Doping Organizations as
described in Article 14.1.2.
7.3
Review of Atypical Findings
As provided in the International Standards, in some circumstances laboratories
are directed to report the presence of Prohibited Substances, which may also be
produced endogenously, as Atypical Findings subject to further investigation.
Upon receipt of an A Sample Atypical Finding, the Anti-Doping Organization
responsible for results management shall conduct a review to determine whether:(a) an applicable therapeutic use exemption has been granted, or (b) there is any
apparent departure from the International Standard for Testing or International
Standard for Laboratories that caused the Atypical Finding. If that review does
not reveal an applicable therapeutic use exemption or departure that caused theAtypical Finding, the Anti-Doping Organization shall conduct the required
investigation. After the investigation is completed, the Athlete and other AntiDoping Organizations identified in Article 14.1.2 shall be notified whether or not
the Atypical Finding will be brought forward as an Adverse Analytical Finding. The
Athlete shall be notified as provided in Article 7.2.
7.3.1 The Anti-Doping Organization will not provide notice of an Atypical Finding
until it has completed its investigation and decided whether it will bring theAtypical Finding forward as an Adverse Analytical Finding unless one of thefollowing circumstances exist:(a) If the Anti-Doping Organization determines the B Sample should beanalyzed prior to the conclusion of its investigation under Article 7.3, theInternational Standard for Testing, January 201210 of 92

Anti-Doping Organization may conduct the B Sample analysis after
notifying the Athlete, with such notice to include a description of theAtypical Finding and the information described in Article 7.2(b)-(f).
(b) If the Anti-Doping Organization receives a request, either from a Major
Event Organization shortly before one of its International Events or arequest from a sport organization responsible for meeting an imminent
deadline for selecting team members for an International Event, todisclose whether any Athlete identified on a list provided by the Major
Event Organization or sport organization has a pending Atypical Finding,the Anti-Doping Organization shall so identify any such Athlete after firstproviding notice of the Atypical Finding to the Athlete.
[Comment to Article 7.3.1(b): Under the circumstance described in Article
7.3.1(b), the option to take action would be left to the Major Event Organizationor sport organization consistent with its rules.]

7.4
Review of Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations Not Covered by
Articles 7.1–7.3
The Anti-Doping Organization or other reviewing body established by suchorganization shall conduct any follow-up investigation into a possible anti-doping
rule violation as may be required under applicable anti-doping policies and rules
adopted pursuant to the Code or which the Anti-Doping Organization otherwise
considers appropriate. At such time as the Anti-Doping Organization is satisfied
that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred, it shall promptly give the Athlete
or other Person subject to sanction notice, in the manner set out in its rules, ofthe anti-doping rule violated, and the basis of the violation. Other Anti-Doping
Organizations shall be notified as provided in Article 14.1.2.
7.6
Retirement from Sport
If an Athlete or other Person retires while a results management process isunderway, the Anti-Doping Organization conducting the results management
process retains jurisdiction to complete its results management process. If an
Athlete or other Person retires before any results management process has
begun, the Anti-Doping Organization which would have had results management
jurisdiction over the Athlete or other Person at the time the Athlete or other
Person committed an anti-doping rule violation, has jurisdiction to conduct results
management.
[Comment to Article 7.6: Conduct by an Athlete or other Person before the Athlete orother Person was subject to the jurisdiction of any Anti-Doping Organization would notconstitute an anti-doping rule violation but could be a legitimate basis for denying theAthlete or other Person membership in a sports organization.]International Standard for Testing, January 201211 of 92

Code Article 10 Sanctions on Individuals
10.3.3 For violations of Article 2.4 (Whereabouts Filing Failures and/or Missed
Tests), the period of Ineligibility shall be at a minimum one (1) year and at a
maximum two (2) years based on the Athlete’s degree of fault.
[Comment to Article 10.3.3: The sanction under Article 10.3.3 shall be two years where
all three filing failures or missed tests are inexcusable. Otherwise, the sanction shall beassessed in the range of two years to one year, based on the circumstances of the case.]

10.11 Reinstatement Testing
As a condition to regaining eligibility at the end of a specified period of
Ineligibility, an Athlete must, during any period of Provisional Suspension or
Ineligibility, make him or herself available for Out-of-Competition Testing by any
Anti-Doping Organization having Testing jurisdiction, and must, if requested,
provide current and accurate whereabouts information. If an Athlete subject to aperiod of Ineligibility retires from sport and is removed from Out-of-Competition
Testing pools and later seeks reinstatement, the Athlete shall not be eligible forreinstatement until the Athlete has notified relevant Anti-Doping Organizations
and has been subject to Out-of-Competition Testing for a period of time equal tothe period of Ineligibility remaining as of the date the Athlete had retired.
Code Article 14 Confidentiality and Reporting:
14.3
Athlete Whereabouts Information
As further provided in the International Standard for Testing, Athletes who havebeen identified by their International Federation or National Anti-Doping
Organization for inclusion in a Registered Testing Pool shall provide accurate,current location information. The International Federations and National AntiDoping Organizations shall coordinate the identification of Athletes and thecollecting of current location information and shall submit these to WADA. This
information will be accessible, through ADAMS where reasonably feasible, to otherAnti-Doping Organizations having jurisdiction to test the Athlete as provided in
Article 15. This information shall be maintained in strict confidence at all times;
shall be used exclusively for purposes of planning, coordinating or conducting
Testing; and shall be destroyed after it is no longer relevant for these purposes.
14.5
Doping Control Information Clearinghouse
WADA shall act as a central clearinghouse for Doping Control Testing data andresults for International-Level Athletes and national-level Athletes who have been
included in their National Anti-Doping Organization's Registered Testing Pool. To
facilitate coordinated test distribution planning and to avoid unnecessary
duplication in Testing by the various Anti-Doping Organizations, each Anti-Doping
Organization shall report all In-Competition and Out-of-Competition tests on such
Athletes to the WADA clearinghouse as soon as possible after such tests havebeen conducted. This information will be made accessible to the Athlete, theInternational Standard for Testing, January 201212 of 92

Athlete's National Federation, National Olympic Committee or National Paralympic
Committee, National Anti-Doping Organization, International Federation, and theInternational Olympic Committee or International Paralympic Committee.
To enable it to serve as a clearinghouse for Doping Control Testing data, WADA
has developed a database management tool, ADAMS, that reflects emerging data
privacy principles. In particular, WADA has developed ADAMS to be consistent
with data privacy statutes and norms applicable to WADA and other organizations
using ADAMS.
Private information regarding an Athlete, Athlete Support
Personnel, or others involved in anti-doping activities shall be maintained by
WADA, which is supervised by Canadian privacy authorities, in strict confidence
and in accordance with the International Standard for the protection of privacy.
WADA shall, at least annually, publish statistical reports summarizing theinformation that it receives, ensuring at all times that the privacy of Athletes isfully respected and make itself available for discussions with national and regional
data privacy authorities.
14.6
Data Privacy
When performing obligations under the Code, Anti-Doping Organizations maycollect, store, process or disclose personal information relating to Athletes andthird parties. Each Anti-Doping Organization shall ensure that it complies withapplicable data protection and privacy laws with respect to their handling of suchinformation, as well as the International Standard for the protection of privacy
that WADA shall adopt to ensure Athletes and non-athletes are fully informed ofand, where necessary, agree to the handling of their personal information inconnection with anti-doping activities arising under the Code.
Code Article 15 Clarification of Doping Control Responsibilities:
15.1
Event Testing
The collection of Samples for Doping Control does and should take place at bothInternational Events and National Events. However, except as otherwise provided
below, only a single organization should be responsible for initiating and directing
Testing during the Event Period. At International Events, the collection of Doping
Control Samples shall be initiated and directed by the international organization
which is the ruling body for the Event (e.g., the International Olympic Committee
for the Olympic Games, the International Federation for a World Championship,
and Pan-American Sports Organization for the Pan American Games). At National
Events, the collection of Doping Control Samples shall be initiated and directed by
the designated National Anti-Doping Organization of that country.
15.1.1 If an Anti-Doping Organization which is not responsible for initiating anddirecting Testing at an Event nevertheless desires to conduct additional Testing ofAthletes at the Event during the Event Period, the Anti-Doping Organization shallfirst confer with the ruling body of the Event to obtain permission to conduct, andInternational Standard for Testing, January 201213 of 92

to coordinate, any additional Testing. If the Anti-Doping Organization is notsatisfied with the response from the ruling body of the Event, the Anti-Doping
Organization may ask WADA for permission to conduct additional Testing and to
determine how to coordinate such additional Testing. WADA shall not grant
approval for such additional Testing before consulting with and informing theruling body for the Event.
[Comment to Article 15.1.1:
Before giving approval to a National Anti-Doping
Organization to initiate and conduct Testing at an International Event, WADA shall consult
with the international organization which is the ruling body for the Event. Before giving
approval to an International Federation to initiate and conduct Testing at a National Event,
WADA shall consult with the National Anti-Doping Organization of the country where theEvent takes place. The Anti-Doping Organization "initiating and directing Testing" may, if
it chooses, enter into agreements with other organizations to which it delegates
responsibility for Sample collection or other aspects of the Doping Control process.]

15.2
Out-of-Competition TestingOut-of-Competition Testing shall be initiated and directed by both internationaland national organizations. Out-of-Competition Testing may be initiated anddirected by: (a) WADA; (b) the International Olympic Committee or International
Paralympic Committee in connection with the Olympic Games or Paralympic
Games; (c) the Athlete's International Federation; or (d) any other Anti-Doping
Organization that has Testing jurisdiction over the Athlete as provided in Article
5.1 (Test Distribution Planning). Out-of-Competition Testing shall be coordinatedthrough ADAMS where reasonably feasible in order to maximize the effectivenessof the combined Testing effort and to avoid unnecessary repetitive Testing ofindividual Athletes.
[Comment to Article 15.2: Additional authority to conduct Testing may be authorized bymeans of bilateral or multilateral agreements among Signatories and governments.]

15.4.1 Mutual Recognition.
Subject to the right to appeal provided in Article 13, Testing, therapeutic use
exemptions and hearing results or other final adjudications of any Signatory
which are consistent with World Anti-Doping Code 2007 Version 1.0 46 the Codeand are within that Signatory's authority, shall be recognized and respected by allother Signatories.
[Comment to Article 15.4.1:
There has in the past been some confusion in theinterpretation of this Article with regard to therapeutic use exemptions. Unless provided
otherwise by the rules of an International Federation or an agreement with an
International Federation, National Anti-Doping Organizations do not have “authority” togrant therapeutic use exemptions to International-Level Athletes.]

15.4.2 Signatories shall recognize the same actions of other bodies which havenot accepted the Code if the rules of those bodies are otherwise consistent with
the Code.

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[Comment to Article 15.4.2: Where the decision of a body that has not accepted theCode is in some respects Code compliant and in other respects not Code compliant,Signatories should attempt to apply the decision in harmony with the principles of theCode. For example, if in a process consistent with the Code a non-Signatory has found an
Athlete to have committed an anti-doping rule violation on account of the presence of a
Prohibited Substance in his body but the period of Ineligibility applied is shorter than the
period provided for in the Code, then all Signatories should recognize the finding of ananti-doping rule violation and the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization should
conduct a hearing consistent with Article 8 to determine whether the longer period of
Ineligibility provided in the Code should be imposed.]

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3.0

Terms and definitions, and interpretation

3.1

Defined terms from the 2009 CodeADAMS: The Anti-Doping Administration and Management System is a Webbased database management tool for data entry, storage, sharing, and reporting
designed to assist stakeholders and WADA in their anti-doping operations inconjunction with data protection legislation.
Adverse Analytical Finding: A report from a laboratory or other WADAapproved Testing entity that, consistent with the International Standard forLaboratories and related Technical Documents, identifies in a Sample thepresence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers (including
elevated quantities of endogenous substances) or evidence of the Use of a
Prohibited Method.
Anti-Doping Organization (ADO): A Signatory that is responsible for adopting
rules for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control
process. This includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, theInternational Paralympic Committee, other Major Event Organizations that
conduct Testing at their Events, WADA, International Federations, and National
Anti-Doping Organizations.
Athlete: Any Person who participates in sport at the international level (asdefined by each International Federation), the national level (as defined by each
National Anti-Doping Organization, including but not limited to those Persons in
its Registered Testing Pool), and any other competitor in sport who is otherwise
subject to the jurisdiction of any Signatory or other sports organization accepting
the Code. All provisions of the Code, including, for example, Testing andtherapeutic use exemptions, must be applied to international- and national-levelcompetitors. Some National Anti-Doping Organizations may elect to test andapply anti-doping rules to recreational-level or masters competitors who are notcurrent or potential national caliber competitors.
National Anti-Doping
Organizations are not required, however, to apply all aspects of the Code to such
Persons. Specific national rules may be established for Doping Control for noninternational-level or non-national-level competitors without being in conflict with
the Code. Thus, a country could elect to test recreational-level competitors but
not require therapeutic use exemptions or whereabouts information. In the samemanner, a Major Event Organization holding an Event only for masters-levelcompetitors could elect to test the competitors but not require advancetherapeutic use exemptions or whereabouts information.
For purposes of
Article 2.8 (Administration or Attempted Administration) and for purposes of antidoping information and education, any Person who participates in sport under theInternational Standard for Testing, January 201216 of 92

authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports organization accepting
the Code is an Athlete.
[Comment: This definition makes it clear that all international- and national-caliber
athletes are subject to the anti-doping rules of the Code, with the precise definitions ofinternational- and national- level sport to be set forth in the anti-doping rules of theInternational Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations, respectively. At thenational level, anti-doping rules adopted pursuant to the Code shall apply, at a minimum,
to all persons on national teams and all persons qualified to compete in any national
championship in any sport. That does not mean, however, that all such Athletes must be
included in a National Anti-Doping Organization’s Registered Testing Pool. The definition
also allows each National Anti-Doping Organization, if it chooses to do so, to expand its
anti-doping program beyond national-caliber athletes to competitors at lower levels ofcompetition. Competitors at all levels of competition should receive the benefit of antidoping information and education.]

Atypical Finding: A report from a laboratory or other WADA-approved entity
which requires further investigation as provided by the International Standard forLaboratories or related Technical Documents prior to the determination of anAdverse Analytical Finding.
Code:

The World Anti-Doping Code.

Competition: A single race, match, game or singular athletic contest. For
example, a basketball game or the finals of the Olympic 100-meter dash. Forstage races and other athletic contests where prizes are awarded on a daily orother interim basis the distinction between a Competition and an Event will be asprovided in the rules of the applicable International Federation.
Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations:
An Athlete's or other
Person's violation of an anti-doping rule may result in one or more of thefollowing:(a) Disqualification means the Athlete’s results in a particularCompetition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting Consequences including
forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete orother Person is barred for a specified period of time from participating in any
Competition or other activity or funding as provided in Article 10.9; and (c)Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily
from participating in any Competition prior to the final decision at a hearing
conducted under Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing).
Doping Control: All steps and processes from test distribution planning throughto ultimate disposition of any appeal including all steps and processes in between
such as provision of whereabouts information, Sample collection and handling,laboratory analysis, therapeutic use exemptions, results management andhearings.

International Standard for Testing, January 201217 of 92

Event: A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one rulingbody (e.g., the Olympic Games of the Olympiad and the Winter Games, FINA
World Championships, or Pan American Games).
In-Competition: Unless provided otherwise in the rules of an International
Federation or other relevant Anti-Doping Organization, “In-Competition” means
the period commencing twelve hours before a Competition in which the Athlete isscheduled to participate through the end of such Competition and the Sample
collection process related to such Competition.
Independent Observer Program: A team of observers, under the supervisionof WADA, who observe and may provide guidance on the Doping Control process
at certain Events and report on their observations.
Ineligibility: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
International Event: An Event where the International Olympic Committee, theInternational Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, a Major Event
Organization, or another international sport organization is the ruling body for the
Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event.
International-Level Athlete: Athletes designated by one or more International
Federations as being within the Registered Testing Pool for an International
Federation.
International Standard: A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code.
Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative
standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that theprocedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly.
International Standards shall include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to
the International Standard.
Minor: A natural Person who has not reached the age of majority as establishedby the applicable laws of his or her country of residence.
National Anti-Doping Organization:
The entity(ies) designated by eachcountry as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt andimplement anti-doping rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of
test results, and the conduct of hearings, all at the national level. This includes
an entity which may be designated by multiple countries to serve as regional AntiDoping Organization for such countries. If this designation has not been made by
the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country's National
Olympic Committee or its designee.

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National Olympic Committee (NOC): The organization recognized by theInternational Olympic Committee. The term National Olympic Committee shallalso include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the
National Sport Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee
responsibilities in the anti-doping area.
No Advance Notice: A Doping Control which takes place with no advancewarning to the Athlete and where the Athlete is continuously chaperoned from themoment of notification through Sample provision.
Out-of-Competition:

Any Doping Control which is not In-Competition.

Prohibited List: The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited
Methods.
Provisional Suspension: See Consequences above.
Registered Testing Pool: The pool of top level Athletes established separately
by each International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization who aresubject to both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that
International Federation's or Organization's Test Distribution Plan.
Each
International Federation shall publish a list which identifies those Athletes
included in its Registered Testing Pool either by name or by clearly defined,
specific criteria.
Sample or Specimen:
Doping Control.

Any biological material collected for the purposes of[Comment: It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates
the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups. It has been determined that there is nobasis for any such claim.]

Signatories: Those entities signing the Code and agreeing to comply with theCode, including the International Olympic Committee, International Federations,International Paralympic Committee, National Olympic Committees, National
Paralympic Committees, Major Event Organizations, National Anti-Doping
Organizations, and WADA.
Tampering: Altering for an improper purpose or in an improper way; bringing
improper influence to bear; interfering improperly; obstructing, misleading or
engaging in any fraudulent conduct to alter results or prevent normal proceduresfrom occurring; or providing fraudulent information to an Anti-Doping
Organization.

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Target Testing: Selection of Athletes for Testing where specific Athletes orgroups of Athletes are selected on a non-random basis for Testing at a specified
time.
Team Sport: A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a
Competition.
Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution
planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to thelaboratory.
WADA: The World Anti-Doping Agency.

3.2
Defined terms specific to the International Standard for
Testing
Blood Collection Officer (BCO): An official who is qualified to and has beenauthorized by the ADO to collect a blood Sample from an Athlete.
Chain of Custody: The sequence of individuals or organizations who have theresponsibility for a Sample from the provision of the Sample until the Sample has
been received for analysis.
Chaperone: An official who is trained and authorized by the ADO to carry out
specific duties including one or more of the following: notification of the Athlete
selected for Sample collection; accompanying and observing the Athlete until
arrival at the Doping Control Station; and/or witnessing and verifying theprovision of the Sample where the training qualifies him/her to do so.
Doping Control Officer (DCO): An official who has been trained and authorized
by the ADO with delegated responsibility for the on-site management of a Sample
Collection Session.
Doping Control Station: The location where the Sample Collection Session will
be conducted.
Failure to Comply: A term used to describe anti-doping rule violations under
Code Articles 2.3, 2.5 and 2.8.
Filing Failure: A failure by the Athlete (or by a third party to whom the Athlete
has delegated this task, in accordance with Clause 11.3.6 or Clause 11.5.4) tomake an accurate and complete Whereabouts Filing in accordance with Clause
11.3 or Clause 11.5.6.

International Standard for Testing, January 201220 of 92

International Federation (IF): An international non-governmental organization
administering one or more sports at world level.
Missed Test: A failure by the Athlete to be available for Testing at the locationand time specified in the 60-minute time slot identified in his/her Whereabouts
Filing for the day in question, in accordance with Clause 11.4 or Clause 11.5.6.
National Federation: A national non-governmental organization administering
one or more sports at a national level.
Random Selection: Selection of Athletes for Testing which is not Target Testing.
Random Selection may be: completely random (where no pre-determined criteria
are considered, and Athletes are chosen arbitrarily from a list or pool of Athlete
names); or weighted (where Athletes are ranked using pre-determined criteria inorder to increase or decrease the chances of selection).
The Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for a
Responsible ADO:
particular whereabouts matter, as specified in Clause 11.5.
Sample Collection Authority: The Anti-Doping Organization or independentagency or subcontractor with responsibility for all processes related to Sample
Collection, as specified in Clauses 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0.
Sample Collection Equipment: Containers or apparatus used to directly collector hold the Sample at any time during the Sample collection process. Sample
Collection Equipment shall, as a minimum, consist of:

For urine Sample collection:- Collection vessels for collecting the Sample as it leaves the Athlete’s body;- Sealable and tamper-evident bottles and lids for securing the Sample;- Partial Sample kit;For blood Sample collection:- Needles for collecting the Sample;- Blood tubes with sealable and tamper-evident devices for holding the
Sample.

Sample Collection Personnel:
A collective term for qualified officials
authorized by the ADO who may carry out or assist with duties during the Sample
Collection Session.
Sample Collection Session: All of the sequential activities that directly involve
the Athlete from notification until the Athlete leaves the Doping Control Station
after having provided his/her Sample/s.

International Standard for Testing, January 201221 of 92

Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis: Specific gravity measured at 1.005 or
higher with a refractometer, or 1.010 or higher with lab sticks.
Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis: A minimum of 90 mL for full or partmenu analysis.
Team Activity: As defined in Clause 11.5.3.
Test Distribution Plan: As defined in Clause 4.2.1.
Unsuccessful Attempt Report: A detailed report of an unsuccessful Testing
attempt, as more fully described in Clause 11.6.3(a).
Whereabouts Failure: A Filing Failure or a Missed Test.
Whereabouts Filing: Information provided by or on behalf of an Athlete in a
Registered Testing Pool that sets out the Athlete’s whereabouts during thefollowing quarter, in accordance with Clause 11.3 (or optionally, in the case of aTeam Sport, in accordance with Clause 11.5).

3.3
Defined terms specific to the International Standard forLaboratories
Testing Authority(ies): The Anti-Doping Organization that has authorized aparticular test. For example, the International Olympic Committee, World AntiDoping Agency, International Federation, National Sport Organization, National
Anti-Doping Organization, National Olympic Committee, Major Event Organization,or other authority defined by the Code responsible for authorizing Sample Testing
either In-Competition or Out-of-Competition.

3.4

Interpretation of the International Standard for Testing

3.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, references in this document to Clauses arereferences to clauses of this International Standard for Testing.
3.4.2 The comments annotating various provisions of the International
Standard for Testing are included to assist in the understanding and interpretationof the International Standard.

International Standard for Testing, January 201222 of 92

PART TWO: STANDARDS FOR TESTING
4.0

Planning

4.1

Objective

The objective is the development of Test Distribution Plans that are specific to therelevant sport (in the case of an IF) or the relevant nation (in the case of a
NADO). The common objective in each case is to plan and implement an effective
distribution of Sample collections both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition ineach nation, sport, or discipline within the sport (as applicable), resulting in theeffective detection, deterrence and prevention of doping practices in such
sport/discipline/nation.

4.2

General4.2.1 Each ADO with Testing jurisdiction must develop a plan for the efficientand effective allocation of its Testing resources across the different sports under
its jurisdiction (in the case of a NADO), across the different countries within its
jurisdiction (in the case of an IF) and across the different disciplines within a sport
under its jurisdiction (in the case of an IF and a NADO). Such plan, which should
be monitored, evaluated, modified and updated periodically as required, isreferred to in this International Standard as the “Test Distribution Plan”.
[4.2 Comment: Any other ADO that (like a NADO) has Testing jurisdiction over asignificant number of different and otherwise unrelated sports (e.g., a Major Event
Organizer) shall be treated under this International Standard in the same manner as a
NADO in relation to test distribution planning and allocation of Testing resources
across those different sports. (See Clauses 4.3.1, 4.3.6 and 4.4.4).]

4.2.2 Planning starts with the gathering of information (e.g., in relation to thenumber of relevant Athletes in a particular sport/discipline/nation, as well as thebasic structure of the season for the sport/discipline in question, including
standard competition schedules and training patterns for each sport/discipline);evaluating the potential risk of doping and possible doping pattern for each
sport/discipline/nation; and then developing a Test Distribution Plan that deploys
the available resources in the most efficient and effective way to address thoserisks.
4.2.3 The main activities are therefore information-gathering, monitoring andfollow up; risk evaluation; and developing, monitoring, evaluating, modifying andupdating the Test Distribution Plan.

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4.2.4 The ADO shall ensure that Athlete Support Personnel and/or any otherperson with a conflict of interest shall not be involved in test distribution planningfor their Athletes or in the process of selection of Athletes for Testing.

4.3

Requirements for test distribution planning

4.3.1 The basis of the Test Distribution Plan must be a considered evaluation of
the risk of doping and possible doping pattern for the sport/discipline/nation inquestion. In the case of an IF, in addition to conducting a risk evaluation for eachdiscipline within its sport, it should also take into account the strength of thenational anti-doping programme within each nation under its jurisdiction, so as toensure proper coordination and efficiency in the use of Testing resources. In thecase of a NADO, in addition to conducting its own risk evaluations for eachrelevant sport/discipline under its jurisdiction, it may also take into account therelative risks of doping as between the different sports under its jurisdiction, as
well as any national anti-doping policy requirements and priorities that it may
follow as between those different sports.
[4.3.1 Comment: It is understood and expected that different NADOs will havedifferent national policy requirements and priorities. For example, one NADO may
have legitimate reasons to prioritize (some or all) Olympic sports while another may
have legitimate reasons, because of different characteristics of that sporting nation, toprioritize (for example) certain professional sports. These national policy imperatives
are a relevant consideration in the NADO’s test distribution planning, alongside the
NADO’s assessment of the relative risks of doping in the various sports played within
its national jurisdiction. They may lead, for example, to a NADO deciding, in its Test
Distribution Plan for a particular period, (1) not to allocate any Testing to one or more
sports within its jurisdiction; and/or (2) to allocate Testing to a particular sport in its
Test Distribution Plan but not to include any Athletes from that sport in its national
Registered Testing Pool for purposes of triggering the whereabouts requirements ofSection 11 of this International Standard. (See further Clause 4.4.4(b)). Suchdecisions should be reviewed regularly: See Clause 4.3.11.]

4.3.2 The ADO shall, as a minimum, evaluate the potential risk of doping andpossible doping pattern for each sport and/or discipline based on:a) The physical demands of the sport and/or discipline and possible
performance-enhancing effect that doping may elicit;b) Available doping analysis statistics;c) Available research on doping trends;d) The history of doping in the sport and/or discipline;e) Training periods and the Competition calendar; andf) Information received on possible doping practices.
4.3.3 The ADO shall develop and document a Test Distribution Plan based on
the information referred to in Clause 4.3.2; the number of Athletes involved in theInternational Standard for Testing, January 201224 of 92

sport/discipline; the Competition calendar; the anti-doping activities of other
ADOs with responsibility for Testing in respect of the sport/discipline; theevaluation outcomes of previous test distribution planning cycles; (in the case ofIFs) the strength of the national anti-doping programme from nation to nation;and (in the case of NADOs) the national anti-doping policy imperatives referenced
in Clause 4.3.1.
4.3.4 The ADO shall allocate the number of Sample collections that it has at its
disposal for each sport/discipline/nation (as relevant), including between urine
and blood Testing and between Out-of-Competition Testing and In-Competition
Testing. The allocation of resources between urine and blood Testing andbetween Out-of-Competition Testing and In-Competition Testing shall take into
account the relative risks of doping in such periods for each sport/discipline underevaluation.
4.3.5 Each IF shall evaluate the relative merits of Out-of-Competition and InCompetition Testing in its sport and in the various disciplines within that sport. In
sports and/or disciplines with a high risk of doping Out-of-Competition, Out-ofCompetition Testing shall be made a priority, and a substantial portion of Testing
shall be conducted Out-of-Competition. However, some material amount of InCompetition Testing shall still take place. For those sports and/or disciplines
where there is a low risk of doping Out-of-Competition, In-Competition Testing
shall be made a priority, and a significant amount of Testing shall be conducted
In-Competition. However, some material amount of Out-of-Competition Testing
shall still take place.
4.3.6 Each NADO shall first determine how it will allocate the Sample collectionsat its disposal among the various sports under its jurisdiction, based on an
analysis of the relative risks of doping between those sports as well as thenational anti-doping policy imperatives referenced in Clause 4.3.1.
Havingidentified in this way the “priority” sports to which its Testing resources are to beallocated, the NADO shall then make its own evaluation of the relative merits of
Out-of-Competition and In-Competition Testing in those “priority” sports. In
those sports and/or disciplines where it assesses that there is a high risk of
doping in the Out-of-Competition period, the NADO shall ensure that Out-ofCompetition Testing is made a priority, and that a substantial portion of annual
Testing is conducted Out-of-Competition. However, some material amount of InCompetition Testing shall still take place. For those sports and/or disciplines
where the NADO assesses that there is a low risk of doping Out-of-Competition,
In-Competition Testing shall be made a priority, and a substantial amount of
Testing shall be conducted In-Competition. However, some material amount of
Out-of-Competition Testing shall still take place.
4.3.7 In order to develop a Test Distribution Plan that takes into account in acoordinated manner the Testing activities of other relevant ADOs:

International Standard for Testing, January 201225 of 92a) ADOs shall coordinate Testing activities to avoid duplication.
Clear
agreement on roles and responsibilities for Event Testing shall be agreed
in advance in accordance with Code Article 15.1.
b) ADOs shall, without any unnecessary delay, share information on its
Testing with other relevant ADOs, ideally via ADAMS or anothercentralized database of similar functionality and security, in accordancewith Code Article 14.5.
4.3.8
As part of the Test Distribution Plan, the ADO shall allocate the type oftest for each sport/discipline/nation, as relevant, including as between urine andblood Sample collection, based on an analysis of the risks of doping for theparticular sport/discipline in question, as explained in Clause 4.3.4.
4.3.9
The ADO shall ensure that the timing of Testing is planned to ensure
optimum deterrence and detection of doping practices.
4.3.10 Save in exceptional and justifiable circumstances, all Testing shall be No
Advance Notice:a)

For In-Competition Testing, placeholder selection may be known inadvance. However, random Athlete/placeholder selection shall not be
revealed to the Athlete until notification.

b) All Out-of-Competition Testing shall be No Advance Notice save in
exceptional and justifiable circumstances.
4.3.11 The ADO shall document its Test Distribution Plan and shall establish asystem whereby that Test Distribution Plan is reviewed and, if necessary, updated
on a regular basis in order to incorporate new information and take into accountSample collection by other ADOs. Such data shall be used to assist withdetermining whether modifications to the plan are necessary.

4.4

Requirements for selection of Athletes for Testing

4.4.1 In implementing the Test Distribution Plan, the ADO shall select Athletes
for Sample collection using Target Testing and Random Selection methods.
4.4.2 ADOs shall ensure that a significant amount of Testing undertaken
pursuant to the Test Distribution Plan is Target Testing, based on the intelligent
assessment of the risks of doping and the most effective use of resources toensure optimum detection and deterrence. The factors that will be relevant todetermining who should be made the subject of Target Testing will vary as

International Standard for Testing, January 201226 of 92

between different sports, but could include (without limitation) some or all of thefollowing factors:a) Abnormal biological parameters (blood parameters, steroid profiles, etc);b) Injury;c) Withdrawal or absence from expected Competition;d) Going into or coming out of retirement;e) Behaviour indicating doping;f) Sudden major improvements in performance;g) Repeated failure to provide Whereabouts Filings;h) Whereabouts Filings that may indicate a potential increase in the risk of
doping, including moving to a remote location;i) Athlete sport performance history;j) Athlete age, e.g. approaching retirement, move from junior to seniorlevel;k) Athlete test history;l) Athlete reinstatement after a period of Ineligibility;m) Financial incentives for improved performance, such as prize money orsponsorship opportunities;n) Athlete association with a third party such as coach or doctor with ahistory of involvement in doping; ando) Reliable information from a third party.
4.4.3 Testing which is not Target Testing shall be determined by Random
Selection, which shall be conducted using a documented system for suchselection. Random Selection which is weighted shall be conducted according toclear criteria and may take into account the factors listed in Clause 4.4.2 (asapplicable) in order to ensure that a greater percentage of ‘at risk’ Athletes isselected.
4.4.4

As set out in Clause 11.2:

a. In addition to developing a Test Distribution Plan that is specific to its
sport, an IF must define criteria for the inclusion of certain Athletes fromits sport in an international Registered Testing Pool, to whom thewhereabouts requirements of Section 11 of this International Standard
will apply. For the avoidance of doubt, however, the IF’s Test Distribution
Plan must encompass all relevant Athletes, not just Athletes included in
the international Registered Testing Pool, and accordingly the IF should
select Athletes for Testing (including Out-of-Competition Testing) who are
not included in its international Registered Testing Pool. However, anappropriate proportion of the Out-of-Competition tests specified in the
Test Distribution Plan must be conducted on Athletes in the international
Registered Testing Pool.

International Standard for Testing, January 201227 of 92

b. In addition to developing a Test Distribution Plan that allocates its Testing
resources among some or all of the sports within its jurisdiction, a NADO
must identify criteria for the inclusion of certain Athletes from some or allof those sports in a national Registered Testing Pool, to whom thewhereabouts requirements of Section 11 of this International Standard
will apply. For the avoidance of doubt, however, the NADO’s Test
Distribution Plan must encompass all relevant Athletes from the sports inquestion, not just Athletes included in the national Registered Testing
Pool, and accordingly the NADO should select Athletes for Testing(including Out-of-Competition Testing) who are not included in thenational Registered Testing Pool.
However, where Athletes from aparticular sport have been included in the national Registered Testing
Pool, an appropriate proportion of the Out-of-Competition tests allocatedto that sport in the NADO’s Test Distribution Plan must be conducted on
those Athletes.
[4.4.4 Comment: As further explained in Section 11 of this International Standard,
the main purpose of the Registered Testing Pool is to identify those Athletes from therelevant sport(s) who should be made subject to the whereabouts requirements ofSection 11 of this International Standard. That decision will depend principally on an
evaluation of the risk of Out-of-Competition doping in the sport(s) or discipline(s) inquestion: the greater that risk, the larger the Registered Testing Pool should be; thesmaller that risk, the smaller the Registered Testing Pool can be. Accordingly, thenumber of Athletes in a Registered Testing Pool may vary considerably from sport tosport.
In accordance with Clause 11.2, however, there are certain minimum
requirements for populating Registered Testing Pools, and pursuant to Clause 4.4.4 anappropriate number of the Out-of-Competition tests specified in the Test Distribution
Plan must be carried out on Athletes in the Registered Testing Pool.
In the case of a NADO, the relevant sports for purposes of Clause 4.4.4(b) shall bethose sports within its jurisdiction that it decides, based on the national policy
requirements and priorities referenced in Clause 4.3.1, as well as the risk assessmentand other factors referred to in Clause 4.3.3, to treat as “priority” sports for purposesof Out-of-Competition Testing. Based on those factors, a NADO may decide not toinclude any Athletes from a particular sport or sports in the national Registered
Testing Pool. That decision should be reviewed regularly in accordance with Clause
4.3.11. However, where the NADO does decide to include Athletes from a particularsport in the national Registered Testing Pool, an appropriate number of the Out-ofCompetition tests allocated to that sport in the Test Distribution Plan must be
conducted on those Athletes.]

4.4.5 Where the ADO authorizes a DCO to select Athletes for Sample collection,
the ADO shall provide selection criteria to the DCO in accordance with the Test
Distribution Plan.
4.4.6
Following the selection of an Athlete for Sample collection and prior to
notification of the Athlete, the ADO and/or DCO shall ensure Athlete selection

International Standard for Testing, January 201228 of 92

decisions are disclosed only to those who need to know, in order to ensure theAthlete can be notified and tested on a No Advance Notice basis.

5.0

Notification of Athletes

5.1

Objective

The objective is to ensure that reasonable attempts are made to locate theAthlete, the selected Athlete is notified as outlined in Clause 5.4.1, the rights of
the Athlete are maintained, there are no opportunities to manipulate the Sample
to be provided, and the notification is documented.
[5.1 Comment: WADA will produce guidelines to assist ADOs in determining what
constitutes reasonable attempts to locate an Athlete in the specific context of Section
11 (Whereabouts).]

5.2

GeneralNotification of Athletes starts when the ADO initiates the notification of theselected Athlete and ends when the Athlete arrives at the Doping Control Stationor when the Athlete’s possible failure to comply is brought to the ADO’s attention.
The main activities are:Appointment
Personnel;

of

DCOs,

Chaperones

and

other

SampleCollection

Locating the Athlete and confirming his/her identity;
Informing the Athlete that he/she has been selected to provide a Sample
and of his/her rights and responsibilities;
For No Advance Notice Sample collection, continuously chaperoning theAthlete from the time of notification to the arrival at the designatedDoping Control Station; andDocumenting the notification, or notification attempt.

5.3

Requirements prior to notification of Athletes

5.3.1 Other than by exception, No Advance Notice shall be the notification
method for Sample collection.
5.3.2 To conduct or assist with Sample Collection Sessions, the ADO shallappoint and authorise Sample Collection Personnel who have been trained fortheir assigned responsibilities, who do not have a conflict of interest in theoutcome of the Sample collection, and who are not Minors.

International Standard for Testing, January 201229 of 92

5.3.3 Sample
Collection
Personnel
shall
have
official
authorisation
documentation that is provided and controlled by the ADO. In the case of DCOs,
such documentation shall identify them by name. DCOs shall also carrycomplementary identification which includes their name and photograph (i.e.,
ADO identification card, driver’s licence, health card, passport or similar valid
identification) and the expiry date of the identification.
[5.3.3 Comment: Chaperones do not have to carry documentation that identifies themby name or photograph.
They only have to produce official authorisation
documentation that is provided by the ADO, such as a Mission Order or an
Authorisation Letter.]

5.3.4 The ADO shall establish criteria to validate the identity of an Athlete
selected to provide a Sample. This ensures the selected Athlete is the Athlete
who is notified. The method of identification of the Athlete shall be documented
on the doping control documentation.
5.3.5 The ADO, DCO or Chaperone, as applicable, shall establish the location of
the selected Athlete and plan the approach and timing of notification, taking into
consideration the specific circumstances of the sport/Competition/training
session/etc and the situation in question.
5.3.6 The ADO shall establish a system for the detailed recording of Athlete
notification attempt/s and outcome/s.
5.3.7 The Athlete shall be the first one notified that he/she has been selected
for Sample collection except where prior contact with a third party is required as
specified in Clause 5.3.8.
5.3.8 The ADO/DCO/Chaperone, as applicable, shall consider whether a third
party is required to be notified prior to notification of the Athlete when the Athlete
is a Minor (as provided for in Annex C – Modifications for Athletes who are
Minors), or where required by an Athlete’s disability (as provided for in Annex B Modifications for Athletes with disabilities), or in situations where an interpreter isrequired and available for the notification.
[5.3.8 Comment: In the case of In-Competition Testing, it is permissible to notify third
parties that Testing will be conducted, where required to help the Sample Collection
Personnel to identify the Athlete(s) to be tested and to notify such Athlete(s) thathe/she is required to provide a Sample. However, there is no requirement to notify
any third party (e.g. a team doctor) of the Doping Control mission where suchassistance is not needed.]International Standard for Testing, January 201230 of 92

5.4

Requirements for notification of Athletes

5.4.1 When initial contact is made, the ADO, DCO or Chaperone, as applicable,
shall ensure that the Athlete and/or a third party (if required in accordance with
Clause 5.3.8) is informed:a) That the Athlete is required to undergo a Sample collection;b) Of the authority under which the Sample collection is to be conducted;c) Of the type of Sample collection and any conditions that need to beadhered to prior to the Sample collection;d) Of the Athlete’s rights, including the right to:i. Have a representative and if available, an interpreter;
ii. Ask for additional information about the Sample collection process;iii. Request a delay in reporting to the Doping Control Station for valid
reasons; andiv. Request modifications as provided for in Annex B – Modifications for
Athletes with disabilities.
e) Of the Athlete’s responsibilities, including the requirement to:i. Remain within direct observation of the DCO/Chaperone at all times
from the point of notification by the DCO/Chaperone until thecompletion of the Sample collection procedure;
ii. Produce identification in accordance with Clause 5.3.4;
iii. Comply with Sample collection procedures (and the Athlete should
be advised of the possible consequences of Failure to Comply); andiv. Report immediately for a test, unless there are valid reasons for adelay, as determined in accordance with Clause 5.4.4.
f) Of the location of the Doping Control Station.
g) That should the Athlete choose to consume food or fluids prior toproviding a Sample, he/she does so at his/her own risk, and should in any
event avoid excessive rehydration, having in mind the requirement toproduce a Sample with a Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis.
h) That the Sample provided by the Athlete to the Sample Collection
Personnel should be the first urine passed by the Athlete subsequent to
notification, i.e., he/she should not pass urine in the shower or otherwise
prior to providing a Sample to the Sample Collection Personnel.
5.4.2

When contact is made, the DCO/Chaperone shall:International Standard for Testing, January 201231 of 92

a) From this time until the Athlete leaves the Doping Control Station at theend of his/her Sample Collection Session, keep the Athlete underobservation at all times.
b) Identify themselves to the Athlete using the documentation referred to in
Clause 5.3.3.
c) Confirm the Athlete’s identity as per the criteria established in Clause
5.3.4. Confirmation of the Athlete’s identity by any other method, or
failure to confirm the identity of the Athlete, shall be documented andreported to the ADO.
d) In cases where the Athlete’s identity cannot be confirmed as per thecriteria established in Clause 5.3.4, the ADO shall decide whether it isappropriate to follow up in accordance with Annex A – Investigating a
possible failure to comply.
5.4.3 The Chaperone/DCO shall then have the Athlete sign an appropriate formto acknowledge and accept the notification. If the Athlete refuses to sign thathe/she has been notified, or evades the notification, the Chaperone/DCO shall if
possible inform the Athlete of the consequences of refusing or failing to comply,
and the Chaperone (if not the DCO) shall immediately report all relevant facts to
the DCO. When possible the DCO shall continue to collect a Sample. The DCO
shall document the facts in a detailed report and report the circumstances to the
ADO. The ADO shall follow the steps prescribed in Annex A – Investigating a
Possible Failure to Comply.
5.4.4 The DCO/Chaperone may at their discretion consider any reasonable third
party requirement or any request by the Athlete for permission to delay reportingto the Doping Control Station following acknowledgement and acceptance of
notification, and/or to leave the Doping Control Station temporarily after arrival,
and may grant such permission if the Athlete can be continuously chaperoned andkept under direct observation during the delay and if the request relates to thefollowing activities:
For In-Competition Testing:a) Participation in a victory ceremony;b) Fulfilment of media commitments;c) Competing in further Competitions;d) Performing a warm down;e) Obtaining necessary medical treatment;f) Locating a representative and/or interpreter;g) Obtaining photo identification; orInternational Standard for Testing, January 201232 of 92h) Any other exceptional circumstances which may be justified, and whichshall be documented.
For Out-of-Competition Testing:a) Locating a representative;b) Completing a training session;c) Receiving necessary medical treatment;d) Obtaining photo identification;e) Any other exceptional circumstances which can be justified, and whichshall be documented.
5.4.5 The DCO or other authorised Sample Collection Personnel shall document
any reasons for delay in reporting to the Doping Control Station and/or reasonsfor leaving the Doping Control Station that may require further investigation by
the ADO. Any failure of the Athlete to remain under constant observation should
also be recorded.
5.4.6 A DCO/Chaperone shall reject a request for delay from an Athlete if it will
not be possible for the Athlete to be continuously chaperoned.
5.4.7 If the Athlete delays reporting to the Doping Control Station other than inaccordance with Clause 5.4.4 but arrives prior to the DCO's departure, the DCO
shall decide whether to process a possible Failure to Comply. If at all possible the
DCO shall proceed with collecting a Sample, and shall document the details of thedelay in the Athlete reporting to the Doping Control Station.
5.4.8 If, while keeping the Athlete under observation, Sample Collection
Personnel observe any matter with potential to compromise the test, thecircumstances shall be reported to and documented by the DCO. If deemed
appropriate by the DCO, the DCO shall follow the requirements of Annex A –Investigating a Possible Failure to Comply, and/or consider if it is appropriate tocollect an additional Sample from the Athlete.

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6.0

Preparing for the Sample Collection Session

6.1

Objective

To prepare for the Sample Collection Session in a manner that ensures that thesession can be conducted efficiently and effectively.

6.2

GeneralPreparing for the Sample Collection Session starts with the establishment of asystem for obtaining relevant information for effective conduct of the session andends when it is confirmed that the Sample Collection Equipment conforms to thespecified criteria.
The main activities are:a)

Establishing a system for collecting details regarding the Sample
Collection Session;b)

Establishing criteria for who may be present during a Sample Collection
Session;c)Ensuring that the Doping Control Station meets the minimum criteriaprescribed in Clause 6.3.2;

d)Ensuring that the Sample Collection Equipment used by the ADO meetsthe minimum criteria prescribed in Clause 6.3.4.

6.3

Requirements for preparing for the Sample Collection Session

6.3.1 The ADO shall establish a system for obtaining all the informationnecessary to ensure that the Sample Collection Session can be conductedeffectively, including special requirements to meet the needs of Athletes withdisabilities (as provided in Annex B – Modifications for Athletes with disabilities)
as well as the needs of Athletes who are Minors (as provided in Annex C –Modifications for Athletes who are Minors).
6.3.2 The DCO shall use a Doping Control Station which, at a minimum,
ensures the Athlete's privacy and where possible is used solely as a Doping
Control Station for the duration of the Sample Collection Session. The DCO shallrecord any significant deviations from these criteria.
6.3.3 The ADO shall establish criteria for who may be authorized to be present
during the Sample Collection Session in addition to the Sample Collection
Personnel. At a minimum the criteria shall include:

International Standard for Testing, January 201234 of 92a) An Athlete’s entitlement to be accompanied by a representative and/orinterpreter during the Sample Collection Session except when the Athlete
is passing a urine Sample;b) A Minor Athlete’s entitlement (as provided for in Annex C – Modifications
for Athletes who are Minors), and the witnessing DCO/Chaperone’s
entitlement to have a representative observe the witnessing
DCO/Chaperone when the Minor Athlete is passing a urine Sample, but
without the representative directly observing the passing of the Sample
unless requested to do so by the Minor Athlete;c) The entitlement of an Athlete with a disability to be accompanied by arepresentative as provided for in Annex B - Modifications for Athletes withdisabilities;d) A WADA Independent Observer where applicable under the Independent
Observer Program. The WADA Independent Observer shall not directly
observe the passing of a urine Sample.
6.3.4 The ADO shall only use Sample Collection Equipment systems which, at aminimum, meet the following criteria. They shall:a) Have a unique numbering system incorporated into all bottles, containers,
tubes or other item used to seal the Sample;b) Have a sealing system that is tamper evident;c) Ensure the identity of the Athlete is not evident from the equipment
itself; andd) Ensure that all equipment is clean and sealed prior to use by the Athlete.
6.3.5 The ADO shall develop a system for recording the Chain of Custody of the
Samples and Sample collection documentation which includes confirming thatboth the Samples and Sample collection documentation have arrived at theirintended destinations.
[6.3.5 Comment: Information as to how a Sample is stored prior to departure fromthe Doping Control Station may be recorded on (for example) a post-mission report.
When the Sample is taken from the Doping Control Station, each transfer of custody of
the Sample from one person to another, e.g. from the DCO to the courier, or from the
DCO to the laboratory, should be documented, up until the Sample arrives at its
intended destination.]International Standard for Testing, January 201235 of 92

7.0

Conducting the Sample Collection Session

7.1

Objective

To conduct the Sample Collection Session in a manner that ensures the integrity,
security and identity of the Sample and respects the privacy of the Athlete.

7.2

GeneralThe Sample Collection Session starts with defining overall responsibility for the
conduct of the Sample Collection Session and ends once the Sample collection
documentation is complete.
The main activities are:a)

Preparing for collecting the Sample;b)Collecting and securing the Sample; andc)Documenting the Sample collection.

7.3

Requirements prior to Sample collection

7.3.1 The ADO shall be responsible for the overall conduct of the Sample
Collection Session, with specific responsibilities delegated to the DCO.
7.3.2 The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete has been informed of his/her rights
and responsibilities as specified in Clause 5.4.1.
7.3.3 The DCO shall provide the Athlete with the opportunity to hydrate. The
Athlete should avoid excessive rehydration, having in mind the requirement toprovide a Sample with a Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis.
7.3.4 The Athlete shall only leave the Doping Control Station under continuous
observation by the DCO/Chaperone and with the approval of the DCO. The DCO
shall consider any reasonable request by the Athlete to leave the Doping Control
Station, as specified in Clauses 5.4.5 and 5.4.6, until the Athlete is able toprovide a Sample.
7.3.5 If the DCO gives approval for the Athlete to leave the Doping Control
Station, the DCO shall agree with the Athlete on the following conditions of leave:a)The purpose of the Athlete leaving the Doping Control Station; andb)

The time of return (or return upon completion of an agreed
andInternational Standard for Testing, January 201236 of 92

activity);c)That the Athlete must remain under observation at all times; andd)That the Athlete shall not pass urine until he/she gets back to the Doping
Control Station; andthe DCO shall document the actual time of the Athlete’s departure and return.

7.4

Requirements for Sample collection

7.4.1 The DCO shall collect the Sample from the Athlete according to thefollowing protocol/s for the specific type of Sample collection:a) Annex D: Collection of urine Samples;b) Annex E: Collection of blood Samples.
7.4.2 Any behaviour by the Athlete and/or persons associated with the Athlete
or anomalies with potential to compromise the Sample collection shall berecorded in detail by the DCO. If appropriate, the ADO shall institute Annex A –Investigating a possible Failure to Comply.
7.4.3 If there are doubts as to the origin or authenticity of the Sample, theAthlete shall be asked to provide an additional Sample. If the Athlete refuses toprovide an additional Sample, the DCO shall document in detail the circumstances
around the refusal, and the ADO shall institute Annex A – Investigating a possible
Failure to Comply.
7.4.4 The DCO shall provide the Athlete with the opportunity to document any
concerns he/she may have about how the Sample Collection Session was
conducted.
7.4.5 In conducting the Sample Collection Session the following information
shall be recorded as a minimum:a)Date, time and type of notification (No Advance Notice or advancenotice);b)

Arrival time at Doping Control Station;c)Date and time of Sample provision;d)

The name of the Athlete;e)

The date of birth of the Athlete;f)

The gender of the Athlete;g)

The Athlete's home address and telephone number;h)

The Athlete’s sport and discipline;

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i)

The name of the Athlete’s coach and doctor;j)

The Sample code number;k)

The type of the Sample (urine, blood, etc);l)

The type of the test (In-Competition or Out-of-Competition);m)

The name and signature of the witnessing DCO/Chaperone;n)

The name and signature of the Blood Collection Officer (whereapplicable);o)Required laboratory information on the Sample;p)Medications and supplements taken and recent blood transfusion
details (if applicable) within the timeframe specified by thelaboratory, as declared by the Athlete;q)

Any irregularities in procedures;r)

Athlete comments or concerns regarding the conduct of the Sample
Collection Session, if provided;s)Athlete consent for the processing of test data in ADAMS;t)

Athlete consent or otherwise for the use of the Sample(s) for
research purposes;u)

The name and signature ofapplicable), as per Clause 7.4.6;v)

The name and signature of the Athlete;w)

The name and signature of the DCO;x)

The name of the Testing Authority; andy)The name of the Sample Collection Authority.

theAthlete’s

representative(if

7.4.6 At the conclusion of the Sample Collection Session the Athlete and DCO
shall sign appropriate documentation to indicate their satisfaction that the
documentation accurately reflects the details of the Athlete’s Sample Collection
Session, including any concerns recorded by the Athlete. The Athlete’s
representative (if any) and the Athlete shall both sign the documentation if theAthlete is a Minor. Other persons present who had a formal role during theAthlete’s Sample Collection Session may sign the documentation as a witness ofthe proceedings.
7.4.7 The DCO shall provide the Athlete with a copy of the records of the
Sample Collection Session that have been signed by the Athlete.

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8.0

Security/Post test administration

8.1

Objective

To ensure that all Samples collected at the Doping Control Station and Sample
collection documentation are securely stored prior to their departure from the
Doping Control Station.

8.2

GeneralPost test administration begins when the Athlete has left the Doping Control
Station after providing his/her Sample/s, and ends with preparation of all of thecollected Samples and Sample collection documentation for transport.

8.3

Requirements for security/post test administration

8.3.1 The ADO shall define criteria ensuring that any Sample will be stored in amanner that protects its integrity, identity and security prior to transport from the
Doping Control Station. The DCO shall ensure that any Sample is stored inaccordance with these criteria.
8.3.2 The ADO/DCO shall develop a system to ensure that the documentationfor each Sample is completed and securely handled.
8.3.3 The ADO shall develop a system to ensure that, where required,instructions for the type of analysis to be conducted are provided to the WADAaccredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA. In addition, the ADO
shall provide the WADA-accredited laboratory with information as required under
Clause 7.4.5 f), h), j), k), l), o), p), x) and y) for result reporting and statistical
purposes.

9.0

Transport of Samples and documentation

9.1

Objectivea) To ensure that Samples and related documentation arrive at the WADAaccredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA in propercondition to do the necessary analysis, andb) To ensure the Sample Collection Session documentation is sent by the
DCO to the ADO in a secure and timely manner.

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9.2

GeneralTransport starts when the Samples and related documentation leave the Doping
Control Station and ends with the confirmed receipt of the Samples and Sample
Collection Session documentation at their intended destinations.
The main activities are arranging for the secure transport of Samples and related
documentation to the WADA-accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by
WADA, and arranging for the secure transport of Sample Collection Session
documentation to the ADO.

9.3

Requirements for transport and storage of Samples anddocumentation

9.3.1 The ADO shall authorise a transport system that ensures Samples anddocumentation will be transported in a manner that protects their integrity,
identity and security.
9.3.2 Samples shall always be transported to the WADA-accredited laboratory(or as otherwise approved by WADA), using the ADO’s authorised transport
method, as soon as practicable after the completion of the Sample Collection
Session. Samples shall be transported in a manner which minimizes the potential
for Sample degradation due to factors such as time delays and extreme
temperature variations.
[9.3.2 Comment: ADOs should discuss transportation requirements for particularmissions with the laboratory they are using for analysis of the Samples, to establish
what is necessary (e.g., whether refrigeration or freezing of Samples is necessary) in
the particular circumstances of such mission(s).]9.3.3 Documentation identifying the Athlete shall not be included with the
Samples or documentation sent to the WADA-accredited laboratory or asotherwise approved by WADA.
9.3.4 The DCO shall send all relevant Sample Collection Session documentation
to the ADO using the ADO’s authorised transport method as soon as practicable
after the completion of the Sample Collection Session.
9.3.5 Chain of Custody shall be checked by the ADO if receipt of either the
Samples with accompanying documentation or Sample Collection Session
documentation is not confirmed at their intended destination or a Sample’s
integrity or identity may have been compromised during transport. In thisinstance, the ADO shall consider whether the Sample should be voided.
9.3.6
Documentation related to a Sample Collection Session and/or an antidoping rule violation shall be stored by the ADO for a minimum of 8 years as per
Code Article 17.

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9.3.7 Upon request, the ADO shall collect and furnish to WADA, adverse sample
profile information to supplement the mandatory provisions of Code article
14.1.2. This information regarding the circumstances surrounding Adverse andAtypical findings, shall be determined by WADA and may include, but is not
limited to:
a)
b)
c)
d)

The status of Athlete with respect to their Competition level;
The status of Athlete with respect to whereabouts information;
The timing of the test relative to training and competition schedules; andOther such profile information as determined by WADA.

10.0 Ownership of Samples
10.1

The ADO which initiates Testing on the Athlete owns the Samples
collected from the Athlete.

10.2

The ADO which initiates Testing on the Athlete may transfer ownership of
the Samples to the ADO exercising results management in relation to such
Testing.

11.0 Athlete Whereabouts Requirements
11.1

Objective/general principles

11.1.1 It is recognised and accepted that (a) No Advance Notice Out-ofCompetition Testing is at the core of effective Doping Control; and (b) without
accurate information as to an Athlete’s whereabouts, such Testing can beinefficient and often impossible.
[11.1.1 Comment: Such recognition is the fundamental rationale underlying Code
Article 2.4 and this Section 11 of the International Standard for Testing.]

11.1.2 Therefore, in addition to developing a Test Distribution Plan in accordancewith Section 4 of this International Standard, each IF and NADO shall create a
Registered Testing Pool of Athletes meeting criteria specified by the IF/NADO (asapplicable): see Clause 11.2 and, in relation to Team Sports, Clause 11.5.
Athletes in a Registered Testing Pool shall be subject to and required to comply
with the Athlete whereabouts requirements set out in this Section 11: see Code
Article 14.3.

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11.1.3 An Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool is required to make a quarterly
Whereabouts Filing that provides accurate and complete information about the
Athlete’s whereabouts during the forthcoming quarter, including identifying where
he/she will be living, training and competing during that quarter, so that he/she
can be located for Testing at any time during that quarter: see Clause 11.3. A
failure to do so amounts to a Filing Failure and therefore a Whereabouts Failure
for purposes of Code Article 2.4.
11.1.4 An Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool is also required to specify inhis/her Whereabouts Filing, for each day in the forthcoming quarter, one specific60-minute time slot where he/she will be available at a specified location for
Testing: see Clause 11.4. This does not limit in any way the Athlete’s obligation
to be available for Testing at any time and place. Nor does it limit his/her
obligation to provide the information specified in Clause 11.3 as to his/her
whereabouts outside of that 60-minute time slot. However, if the Athlete is notavailable for Testing at such location during the 60-minute time slot specified forthat day in his/her Whereabouts Filing, and has not updated his/her Whereabouts
Filing prior to that 60-minute time slot to provide an alternative time slot/location
for that day, that failure shall amount to a Missed Test and shall therefore
constitute a Whereabouts Failure for purposes of Code Article 2.4.
[11.1.4 Comment: The purpose of the 60-minute time slot is to strike a balance
between the need to locate the Athlete for Testing and the impracticality andunfairness of making Athletes potentially accountable for a Missed Test every timethey depart from their previously-declared routine.
ADOs that implemented
whereabouts systems in the period up to 2008 reflected that tension in different ways.
Some demanded “24/7” whereabouts information, but did not declare a Missed Test if
an Athlete was not where he/she had said he/she would be unless (a) he/she could
still not report for Testing despite being given notice in the form of a phone call; or (b)the following day he/she was still not where he/she had said he/she would be. Others
asked for details of the Athlete’s whereabouts for only one hour per day, but held theAthlete fully accountable during that period, which gave each side certainty but limited
the ADO’s ability to test the Athlete outside that hour. After extensive consultation
with stakeholders with substantial whereabouts experience, the view was taken thatthe best way to maximize the chances of finding the Athlete at any time, whileproviding a reasonable and appropriate mitigation of “24/7” Missed Test liability, wasto combine the best elements of each system, i.e. requiring disclosure of whereabouts
information on a “24/7” basis, while limiting exposure to a Missed Test to a 60-minutetime slot. (For discussion of how this will work in practice, see the comment to Clause
11.4.1).]11.1.5 More than one ADO may have jurisdiction to test an Athlete in a
Registered Testing Pool (see Code Article 15) and therefore (where an attempt totest the Athlete is unsuccessful and the requirements of Clause 11.5.3 aresatisfied) to record a Missed Test against that Athlete. That Missed Test shall berecognized by other ADOs in accordance with Code Article 15.4.

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11.1.6 An Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool shall be deemed to havecommitted an anti-doping rule violation under Code Article 2.4 if he/she commits
a total of three Whereabouts Failures (which may be any combination of Filing
Failures and/or Missed Tests adding up to three in total) within any 18 (eighteen)month period, irrespective of which ADO(s) has/have declared the Whereabouts
Failures in question.
[11.1.6 Comment: While a single Whereabouts Failure will not amount to an antidoping rule violation under Code Article 2.4, it may, if the circumstances are
particularly flagrant, amount to an anti-doping rule violation under Code Article 2.3(evading Sample collection) and/or Code Article 2.5 (Tampering or Attempted
Tampering with Doping Control). Nothing in this International Standard is intended toprevent an ADO from treating a Whereabouts Failure as an anti-doping rule violation
under one or both such Articles where the circumstances warrant (without prejudice tothe ability subsequently to rely on it as a Whereabouts Failure under Code Article 2.4).
Only Athletes who have been designated for inclusion in a Registered Testing Pool, in
accordance with Code Article 14.3, are subject to the whereabouts requirements set
out in this Section 11.
Other Athletes are not subject to those whereabouts
requirements. However, nothing in this International Standard prevents an ADO
developing different whereabouts requirements for Athletes outside the Registered
Testing Pool. For example:
a. where the circumstances warrant, an ADO may identify certain “high risk”
Athletes under its jurisdiction who should be subject to stricter whereabouts
requirements (such as an expansion of the time slots during which an Athlete
may be held liable for a missed test if he/she is not available for Testing, e.g. toincorporate regular training periods); and/or
b. an ADO may identify a pool of Athletes (e.g. those Athletes who were in a larger
Registered Testing Pool that it maintained prior to the introduction of IST v.4.0)
who may be made subject to lesser whereabouts requirements (e.g. filing ofplace of residence and regular training, competing and other regular activities,
but no specific 60-minute time slot requirement).
In this manner, a range (or pyramid) of different testing pools may be established by
an ADO, with different whereabouts requirements applying to each pool. And any
failure to comply with such requirements may be deemed a Whereabouts Failure forpurposes of Code Article 2.4.
The difference arises when it comes to combining Whereabouts Failures declaredunder different rules.
Where an Athlete is in a Registered Testing Pool, only
Whereabouts Failures declared against him/her based on rules consistent with thisSection 11 are to be combined for purposes of Code Article 2.4. Where the Athlete isin a different testing pool, to which other whereabouts requirements apply, then therules of the ADO that put him/her in that pool shall determine to what extent
Whereabouts Failures declared against the Athlete under other rules shall be combinedwith Whereabouts Failures declared under that ADO’s rules for purposes of Code
Article 2.4.]

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11.1.7 The 18-month period referred to in Clause 11.1.6 starts to run on thedate that an Athlete commits a Whereabouts Failure. It is not affected by any
successful Sample collection conducted with respect to that Athlete during the 18month period, i.e., if three Whereabouts Failures occur during the 18-month
period then a Code Article 2.4 anti-doping rule violation is committed, irrespectiveof any Samples successfully collected from the Athlete during that 18-month
period. However, if an Athlete who has committed one Whereabouts Failure does
not go on to commit a further two Whereabouts Failures within 18 months of thefirst, at the end of that 18-month period the first Whereabouts Failure “expires”
for purposes of Clause 11.1.6.
[11.1.7 Comment: If an Athlete commits two Whereabouts Failures, but then does
not commit a third within 18 months of the first, then the first Whereabouts Failure“expires” and a new 18-month period begins to run from the date of the second
Whereabouts Failure.
For purposes of determining whether a Whereabouts Failure has occurred within the
18-month period referred to in Clause 11.1.6:
a. a Filing Failure will be deemed to have occurred on the first day of the quarter forwhich the Athlete fails to make the required filing, or (in the case of any
subsequent Filing Failure in the same quarter) on the day that the deadline
specified in accordance with Clause 11.3.8 expires; andb. a Missed Test will be deemed to have occurred on the date that the Sample
collection was unsuccessfully attempted.]

11.1.8Transitional arrangements:

a. This January 2009 version of the International Standard for Testing,including (without limitation) the provisions relating to the combination of
Whereabouts Failures declared by different ADOs for the purposes ofCode Article 2.4, shall apply in full to all Whereabouts Failures occurring
after 1 January 2009.
[11.1.8(a) Comment: Nothing in this Standard precludes an ADO prior to 1
January 2009 establishing its Registered Testing Pool for purposes of this Section
11, notifying Athletes that they have been included in that pool, and collecting
Whereabouts Filings from them for the quarter beginning 1 January 2009.]

b. Where an Athlete has failed to comply with any whereabouts
requirements declared in accordance with the then-applicable rules of the
ADO in question in the 18-month period up to 1 January 2009, questions
about whether such failures may be combined with each other and/orwith post-1 January 2009 Whereabouts Failures for purposes of Code
Article 2.4 shall be determined by reference to Code Article 25.2.

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[11.1.8(b) Comment: Nothing in this Standard precludes an ADO providing in its
rules that it will recognise whereabouts violations declared by other ADOs, evenprior to 1 January 2009, where such whereabouts violations are made public by
the ADO(s) in question. Furthermore, an ADO may put an Athlete on notice that
whereabouts failures committed subsequent to the notice but prior to 1 January
2009 will be combined with Whereabouts Failures committed after 1 January
2009 for purposes of Code Article 2.4.]

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11.2

Requirements for establishing the Registered Testing Pool

11.2.1 Each IF shall define the criteria for Athletes to be included in theinternational Registered Testing Pool for its sport, and shall publish those criteria
as well as a list of the Athletes meeting those criteria (and so included in theinternational Registered Testing Pool) for the period in question. The criteria usedshould reflect the IF’s evaluation of the risks of Out-of-Competition doping in thatsport: see Clause 4.2. While such criteria (and therefore the number of Athletes
in the Registered Testing Pool) may vary from sport to sport, an IF must be able
to demonstrate it has made a proper assessment of the relevant risks and has
adopted appropriate criteria based on the results of that assessment.
[11.2.1 Comment:
As a general principle, it is expected that an international
Registered Testing Pool will include Athletes who compete regularly at the highest
level of international competition (e.g. candidates for Olympic, Paralympic or WorldChampionship medals), determined by rankings or other suitable criteria. In
accordance with Clause 4.4.4, an appropriate proportion of the Out-of-Competition
tests specified in the IF’s Test Distribution Plan must be carried out on Athletes in theinternational Registered Testing Pool.
In relation to options for the fixing of the Registered Testing Pool in a Team Sport, see
Clause 11.5.1.]

11.2.2 Each NADO shall define the criteria for Athletes to be included in its
national Registered Testing Pool from the sports that it has included in its Test
Distribution Plan, and shall publish those criteria as well as a list of the Athletes
meeting those criteria (and so included in the national Registered Testing Pool)for the period in question. The criteria used should reflect the NADO’s evaluationof the risks of Out-of-Competition doping in such sports (see Clause 4.3), as wellas the national anti-doping policy imperatives referenced in Clause 4.3.1. While
such criteria may vary from nation to nation, a NADO must be able todemonstrate it has made a proper assessment of the relevant risks and has
adopted appropriate criteria based on the results of that assessment.
[11.2.2 Comment: As a general principle, unless good reason exists otherwise, it isexpected that the national Registered Testing Pool will include (i) Athletes over which
the NADO has jurisdiction that have been included in an international Registered
Testing Pool; (ii) Athletes who are part of national teams in Olympic, Paralympic orother sports of high national priority (or who may be selected for such teams); and(iii) Athletes who train independently but perform at Olympic/Paralympic or WorldChampionship level and may be selected for such events.
An example of a reason why a particular Athlete in one of these categories might not
be included in the national Registered Testing Pool would be if such inclusion wasinconsistent with the NADO’s national anti-doping policy imperatives, as referenced in
Clause 4.3.1.

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In accordance with Clause 4.4.4, where Athletes from a particular sport are included ina national Registered Testing Pool, an appropriate proportion of the Out-ofCompetition tests allocated to that sport in the NADO’s Test Distribution Plan must be
carried out on such Athletes.]

11.2.3 The ADO should include in its Registered Testing Pool (a) those Athletes
under its jurisdiction who are serving periods of Ineligibility (see Code Article
10.11); and (b) those Athletes under its jurisdiction who retired at a time when
they were in its Registered Testing Pool and who wish to return from that periodof retirement to active participation in the sport (see Code Article 5.4). The ADO
may also include in its Registered Testing Pool those Athletes under its jurisdiction
whom it wishes to target for Testing.
11.2.4 The ADO shall periodically review and update as necessary its criteria forincluding Athletes in its Registered Testing Pool. In addition, the ADO shallperiodically review its published list of Athletes in its Registered Testing Pool toensure that each listed Athlete continues to meet such criteria. Athletes who nolonger meet the criteria should be removed from the Registered Testing Pool andAthletes who meet the criteria should be added to the Registered Testing Pool.
The ADO must advise such Athletes of the change in their status, and publish a
new list of Athletes in the Registered Testing Pool, without delay.
[11.2.4 Comment: see Clause 11.5.2 for a discussion of the application of this Clause
11.2.4 in the context of Registered Testing Pools defined by reference to teams.]

11.2.5 An Athlete who has been included in a Registered Testing Pool shallcontinue to be subject to the whereabouts requirements set out in this Section 11
unless and until:
a. he/she has been given written notice by the Responsible ADO that he/she
is no longer designated for inclusion in its Registered Testing Pool; orb. he/she retires from competition in the sport in question in accordancewith the applicable rules and gives written notice to his/her IF or NADO or
both (as applicable) to that effect.
[11.2.5(a) Comment: The applicable rules may also require that notice ofretirement be sent to the Athlete’s National Federation.
Where an Athlete retires from but then returns to sport, his/her period ofretirement/non-availability for Out-of-Competition Testing shall be disregarded
for purposes of calculating the 18-month period referred to in Code Article 2.4
and Clause 11.1.5. As a result, Whereabouts Failures committed by the Athlete
prior to retirement may be combined, for purposes of Code Article 2.4, with
Whereabouts Failures committed by the Athlete after his/her return fromretirement/non-availability for Out-of-Competition Testing. For example, if anAthlete committed two Whereabouts Failures in the 12 months prior to his/herInternational Standard for Testing, January 201247 of 92

retirement, then if he/she commits another Whereabouts Failure in the first six
months after his/her return from retirement/non-availability for Out-ofCompetition Testing, this amounts to a Code Article 2.4 anti-doping ruleviolation.]

11.2.6 For co-ordination purposes, the ADO shall make available to otherrelevant ADOs and WADA the criteria that the ADO has established for inclusion of
Athletes in its Registered Testing Pool, the current list of Athletes in its Registered
Testing Pool, and updates as necessary: see Code Article 14.3.
11.3

Whereabouts Filing Requirements[11.3 Comment: ADOs are encouraged to use the ADAMS system to facilitate theinformation-sharing required under this Section 11.
See Clause 11.5.5 for a discussion of the application of this Clause 11.3 in the context
of Team Sports.]

11.3.1 On a date specified by the Responsible ADO that is prior to the first day ofeach quarter (i.e. 1 January, 1 April, 1 July and 1 October, respectively), an
Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool must file a Whereabouts Filing with his/her IF(if the Athlete has been included in its international Registered Testing Pool) or
his/her NADO (if the Athlete has been included in its national Registered TestingPool) that contains at least the following information:[11.3.1 Comment: If an Athlete is included in both an international Registered Testing
Pool and a national Registered Testing Pool, then his/her IF and NADO should seek toagree on who will be responsible for receiving his/her Whereabouts Filings and advise
the Athlete accordingly.
In the absence of any such agreement, WADA shalldetermine whether the IF or the NADO shall be responsible. The Athlete should file
his/her Whereabouts Filing only with the Responsible ADO, who will then share that
information with the Athlete’s IF/NADO (as applicable) and other ADOs withjurisdiction to test the Athlete, in accordance with Clause 11.7.3(c). In such cases, itwill still be necessary for the IF/NADO (as applicable) that is not the Responsible ADO
to notify the Athlete that he/she is also in its Registered Testing Pool, in accordancewith Clause 11.7.1(b).]a. a complete mailing address where correspondence may be sent to the
Athlete for formal notice purposes. Any notice or other item mailed tothat address will be deemed to have been received by the Athlete fiveworking days after it was deposited in the mail;[11.3.1(a) Comment: For these purposes, the Athlete should specify an address
where he/she lives or otherwise knows that mail received there will be
immediately brought to his/her attention.
An ADO is encouraged also to
supplement this basic provision with other notice and/or “deemed notice”
provisions in its rules (for example, permitting use of fax, email, SMS text orInternational Standard for Testing, January 2012

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other methods of service of notice; permitting proof of actual receipt as a
substitute for deemed receipt; allowing notice to be served on the Athlete’s
National Federation if it is returned undelivered from the address supplied by the
Athlete).
The aim of such provisions should be to shorten the results
management timelines set out in Clause 11.6.]b. details of any disability of the Athlete that may affect the procedure to befollowed in conducting a Sample collection session;c. specific confirmation of the Athlete’s consent to the sharing of his/her
Whereabouts Filing with other ADOs having authority to test him/her: see
Code Article 14.6;
d. for each day during the following quarter, the full address of the place
where the Athlete will be residing (e.g. home, temporary lodgings, hotel,
etc);
e. for each day during the following quarter, the name and address of eachlocation where the Athlete will train, work or conduct any other regular
activity (e.g. school), as well as the usual time-frames for such regular
activities; and[11.3.1(e) Comment: This requirement applies only to regular activities, i.e.
activities that are part of the Athlete’s regular routine. For example, if theAthlete’s regular routine includes training at the gym, the pool and the track, andregular physio sessions, then the Athlete should provide the name and address ofthe gym, track, pool and physio in his or her Whereabouts Filing, and then set
out his/her usual routine, e.g. “Mondays: 9-11 gym, 13-17 gym; Tuesdays: 911 gym, 16–18 gym; Wednesdays: 9–11 track, 3-5 physio; Thursdays: 9-12
gym 16-18 track; Fridays: 9-11 pool 3-5 physio; Saturdays: 9-12 track, 13-15
pool; Sundays: 9-11 track, 13-15 pool”.
If the Athlete is not currently training, he/she should specify that in his/her
Whereabouts Filing and detail any other routine that he/she will be following in
the forthcoming filing period, e.g. his/her work routine, or school schedule, or
rehab routine, or other routine, and identify the name and address of eachlocation where that routine is conducted and the time-frame during which it isconducted.]f. the Athlete’s competition schedule for the following quarter, including thename and address of each location where the Athlete is scheduled tocompete during the quarter and the date(s) on which he/she is scheduled
to compete at such location(s).
11.3.2 The Whereabouts Filing must also include, for each day during thefollowing quarter, one specific 60-minute time slot between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m.
each day where the Athlete will be available and accessible for Testing at a
specific location.
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[11.3.2 Comment: The Athlete can choose which location to identify for this 60minute time slot. It could be the Athlete’s place of residence, training or competition,or it could be another location (e.g. work or school). A failure to be available for
Testing at the specified location during the specified time slot will be pursued as anapparent Missed Test, in accordance with Clause 11.6.3.]

11.3.3 When making a Whereabouts Filing, it is the Athlete’s responsibility toensure that he/she provides all of the information required accurately and in
sufficient detail to enable any ADO wishing to do so to locate the Athlete for
Testing on any given day in the quarter, including but not limited to during the
60-minute time slot specified for that day in the Whereabouts Filing.
[11.3.3 Comment: The Responsible ADO shall make ADAMS (or another centralized
database of similar functionality and security) available to the Athlete or else provide
other electronic filing form(s) or paper form(s) to use in making an Whereabouts
Filing. WADA will make a template form available for use/adaptation by ADOs.
Where an Athlete does not know precisely what his/her whereabouts will be at all
times during the forthcoming quarter, he/she must provide his/her best information,
based on where he/she expects to be at the relevant times, and then update that
information as necessary in accordance with Clause 11.4.2. ADOs should provide
appropriate mechanisms (e.g. phone, fax, Internet, email, SMS) to facilitate the filingof such updates.
When specifying a location in his/her Whereabouts Filing (whether in his/her originalquarterly filing or in an update), the Athlete must provide sufficient information to
enable the DCO to find the location, to gain access to the location, and to find theAthlete at the location. For example, declarations such as “running in the Black
Forest” are insufficient and are likely to result in a Whereabouts Failure. Similarly,
specifying a location that the DCO cannot access (e.g. a “restricted-access” building orarea) is likely to result in an unsuccessful attempt to test the Athlete and therefore a
Whereabouts Failure.
In such circumstances, there are several possibilities:
a. Where the ADO is able to determine the insufficiency of the information from the
Whereabouts Filing itself, the ADO should pursue such insufficiency as anapparent Filing Failure, in accordance with Clause 11.6.2.
b. Where the ADO only discovers the insufficiency of the information when it
attempts to test the Athlete and is unable to locate him/her:i.

if the insufficient information relates to the 60-minute time slot, the ADO
should pursue the matter as an apparent Missed Test, in accordance with
Clause 11.6.3, and/or (where the circumstances warrant) as an evasion of
Sample collection under Code Article 2.3, and/or as Tampering or Attempted
Tampering with Doping Control under Code Article 2.5; andInternational Standard for Testing, January 2012

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ii. if the insufficient information relates to periods outside the 60-minute timeslot, then the ADO should pursue the matter as an apparent Filing Failure, in
accordance with Clause 11.6.4, and/or (where the circumstances warrant) as
an evasion of Sample collection under Code Article 2.3, and/or as Tamperingor Attempting to Tamper with Doping Control under Code Article 2.5.]

11.3.4 Any Athlete who provides fraudulent information in his/her Whereabouts
Filing, whether in relation to his/her location during the specified daily 60-minutetime slot, or in relation to his/her whereabouts outside that time slot, orotherwise, thereby commits an anti-doping rule violation under Code Article 2.3(evading Sample collection) and/or Code Article 2.5 (Tampering or Attempting toTamper with Doping Control).
[11.3.4 Comment: Any decision to treat an incident as evading Sample collection
under Code Article 2.3 and/or as Tampering or Attempting to Tamper with Doping
Control under Code Article 2.5 shall be without prejudice to the ADO’s ability to treat
the same incident as a Whereabouts Failure under Code Article 2.4; and vice versa.]

11.3.5 An Athlete may only be declared to have committed a Filing Failure where
the Responsible ADO, following the results management procedure set out inClause 11.6.2, can establish each of the following:a. that the Athlete was duly notified (i) that he/she was designated forinclusion in a Registered Testing Pool, (ii) of the consequent requirement
to make Whereabouts Filings; and (iii) of the consequences of any failure
to comply with that requirement;b. that the Athlete failed to comply with that requirement by the applicabledeadline;[11.3.5(a) Comment: An Athlete fails to comply with the requirement tomake Whereabouts Filings in the following circumstances:i.

when he/she does not make any such filing; orii. where he/she makes the filing (i.e. either the original quarterly filing or an
update) but does not include all of the required information (e.g. he/she does
not include the place where he/she will be residing for each day in thefollowing quarter, or for each day covered by the update, or omits to declarea regular activity that he/she will be pursuing during the quarter, or during
the period covered by the update); or
iii. where he/she includes information (whether in the original quarterly filing or
an update) that is inaccurate (e.g. an address that does not exist) or
insufficient to enable the ADO to locate him/her for Testing (e.g. “running in
the Black Forest”). As noted in the comment to Clause 11.3.3, if theinaccuracy or insufficiency relates to the 60-minute time slot, and is only
discovered when an attempt is made to test the Athlete during that time slot,

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that may be pursued as a Missed Test.
In other circumstances, suchinaccuracy or insufficiency should be pursued as a Filing Failure.]c. (in the case of a second or third Filing Failure in the same quarter) thathe/she was given notice of the previous Filing Failure in accordance with
Clause 11.6.2(a) and failed to rectify that Filing Failure by the deadline
specified in that notice; and[11.3.5(c) Comment: The purpose of this requirement is to ensure fairness
to the Athlete. In the notice of the first Filing Failure that the Responsible
ADO sends to the Athlete in accordance with Clause 11.6.2(a), theResponsible ADO must advise the Athlete that, in order to avoid a further
Filing Failure, he/she must file the required Whereabouts Filing by thedeadline specified in the notice. That deadline may be set by the ADO but it
must be no less than 24 hours after receipt of the notice and not later thanthe end of the month in which the notice is received.]d. that the Athlete’s failure to comply was at least negligent. For these
purposes, the Athlete will be presumed to have committed the failure
negligently upon proof that he/she was notified of the requirement yet
failed to comply with it. That presumption may only be rebutted by the
Athlete establishing that no negligent behaviour on his/her part caused orcontributed to the failure.
[11.3.5(d) Comment: In the event that a Code Article 2.4 anti-doping ruleviolation is established, the actual degree of fault involved on the part of theAthlete (i.e. negligence or greater) will be relevant to the assessment, under
Code Article 10.3.3, of the period of Ineligibility to be imposed.]

11.3.6 An Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool may choose to delegate themaking of some or all of his/her Whereabouts Filings required under Clauses
11.3.1 and 11.3.2 (and/or any updates to his/her Whereabouts Filings required
under Clause 11.4.3) to a third party, such as (for example, and depending on
the rules of the Responsible ADO) a coach, a manager or a National Federation,
provided that the third party agrees to such delegation.
[11.3.6 Comment: See Clause 11.5.4 for a discussion of the application of this Clause
11.3.6 in the specific context of a Team Sport. For the avoidance of doubt, however,an Athlete in a sport that is not a Team Sport may also delegate the making of his/her
Whereabouts Filings to a third party for some or all relevant periods, provided that thethird party agrees.
The Responsible ADO may require written notice of any agreed delegation pursuant toClause 11.3.6 to be filed with it, signed by both the Athlete in question and the third
party delegate.]

11.3.7 In all cases, however, including in Team Sports:

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a. each Athlete in an Registered Testing Pool remains ultimately responsibleat all times for making accurate and complete Whereabouts Filings as
required by this Clause 11.3, whether he/she makes each filing personallyor delegates it to a third party (or a mixture of the two). It shall not be a
defence to an allegation of a Filing Failure under Code Article 2.4 that the
Athlete delegated such responsibility to a third party and that third party
failed to comply with the applicable requirements; andb. such Athlete remains personally responsible at all times for ensuring
he/she is available for Testing at the whereabouts declared on his/her
Whereabouts Filings, whether he/she made that filing personally ordelegated it to a third party (or a mixture of the two). It shall not be a
defence to an allegation of a Missed Test under Code Article 2.4 that the
Athlete had delegated responsibility for filing his/her whereabouts
information for the relevant period to a third party and that third party
had failed to file the correct information or failed to update previouslyfiled information so as to ensure that the whereabouts information in the
Whereabouts Filing for the day in question was current and accurate.
11.4

Availability for Testing

11.4.1 An Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool must specifically be present andavailable for Testing on any given day in the relevant quarter for the 60-minutetime slot specified for that day in his/her Whereabouts Filing, at the location that
the Athlete has specified for that time slot in such filing.
[11.4.1 Comment: This specific requirement is without prejudice to the Athlete’s basic
obligation to provide information as to his/her whereabouts generally during theforthcoming quarter, and to submit to Testing at any time and any place during thatquarter.
To achieve Testing that is effective in deterring and detecting cheating, best practicerequires test distribution planning that makes the timing of Testing unpredictable. To
achieve this, Testing needs to be attempted at different times of the day. Thus, theintent behind the 60-minute time slot is not to limit Testing to that period, or to createa ‘default’ period for Testing, but rather:a. to make it very clear when an unsuccessful attempt to test an Athlete will countas a Missed Test (which helps the Athlete to avoid a Missed Test and helps an
ADO, as well as a hearing panel, to determine when there has been a Missed
Test);
b. to guarantee that the Athlete can be found, and a Sample can be collected, atleast once per day (which should deter cheating, or, as a minimum, make it far
more difficult);

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c. to increase the reliability of the rest of the whereabouts information provided by
the Athlete, and so to assist the ADO in locating the Athlete for Testing outside
the 60-minute time slot:i.

The 60-minute time slot “anchors” the Athlete to a certain location for aparticular day. Combined with the information that the Athlete must provide
as to where he/she is residing, training, competing and conducting other‘regular’ activities during that day, the ADO should be able to locate theAthlete for Testing outside the 60-minute time slot, or alternatively todetermine whether the information provided as to his/her whereabouts
outside that time slot is incomplete and/or inaccurate (which may be
pursued, depending on the circumstances, as a Filing Failure under Code
Article 2.4, a sample evasion case under Code Article 2.3, and/or aTampering case under Code Article 2.5).

ii. It is of course in the interests of the Athlete to provide as much informationas possible about his/her whereabouts outside the 60-minute time slot, sothat ADOs are able to test him/her outside the 60-minute time slot andtherefore he/she never risks liability for a Missed Test; andd. to generate useful anti-doping intelligence, e.g. if the Athlete regularly specifies
time slots with large gaps between them, and/or changes his time slot and/or
location at the last minute. Such intelligence can be relied upon as a basis for theTarget Testing of such Athlete.]

11.4.2 It is the Athlete’s responsibility to ensure (including by updates, where
necessary) that the whereabouts information provided in his/her Whereabouts
Filing is sufficient to enable any ADO to locate him/her for Testing on any given
day in the quarter, including but not limited to during the 60-minute time slot
specified for that day in his/her Whereabouts Filing. Where any change incircumstances means that the information previously provided by or on behalf of
the Athlete (whether in the initial Whereabouts Filing or in any subsequent
update) is no longer accurate or complete (i.e. it is not sufficient to enable any
ADO to locate the Athlete for Testing on any given day in the relevant quarter,
including but not limited to during the 60-minute time slot that he/she has
specified for that day), the Athlete must update his/her Whereabouts Filing sothat the information on file is again accurate and complete. He/she must makesuch update as soon as possible, and in any event prior to the 60-minute timeslot specified in his/her filing for that day. A failure to do so shall have thefollowing consequences:
a. if, as a result of such failure, an ADO’s attempt to test the Athlete during
the 60-minute time slot is unsuccessful, then the unsuccessful attempt
shall be pursued as an apparent Missed Test in accordance with Clause
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b. if the circumstances so warrant, the failure may be pursued as evasion of
Sample collection under Code Article 2.3, and/or Tampering or Attempted
Tampering with Doping Control under Code Article 2.5; andc. in any event, the ADO shall consider Target Testing of the Athlete.
[11.4.2 Comment: It is the responsibility of the ADO to ensure that it checks for any
updates filed by the Athlete prior to attempting to collect a Sample from the Athlete
based on his/her Whereabouts Filing. For the avoidance of doubt, however, an Athlete
who updates his/her 60-minute time slot for a particular day prior to the original 60minute slot must still submit to Testing during the original 60-minute time slot, if
he/she is located for Testing during that original 60-minute time slot.
An update of the 60-minute time slot may be made at any time up until the beginningof the time slot. In appropriate circumstances, however, last-minute updates by an
Athlete may be pursued as a possible anti-doping rule violation of evading Sample
collection under Code Article 2.3 and/or Tampering (or Attempting to Tamper) with
Doping Control under Code Article 2.5.
If an update is filed by the Athlete, but the updated information filed is incomplete, or
inaccurate, or insufficient to enable the ADO to locate the Athlete, then it may be
pursued as a Filing Failure in accordance with Clause 11.3.5(b).]11.4.3 An Athlete may only be declared to have committed a Missed Test where
the Responsible ADO, following the results management procedure set out inClause 11.6.3, can establish each of the following:a. that when the Athlete was given notice that he/she had been designatedfor inclusion in a Registered Testing Pool, he/she was advised of his/her
liability for a Missed Test if he/she was unavailable for Testing during the
60-minute time slot specified in his/her Whereabouts Filing at the location
specified for that time slot;b. that a DCO attempted to test the Athlete on a given day in the quarter,
during the 60-minute time slot specified in the Athlete’s Whereabouts
Filing for that day, by visiting the location specified for that time slot;[11.4.3(b) Comment: If the Athlete is not available for Testing at the
beginning of the 60-minute time slot, but becomes available for Testing lateron in the 60-minute time slot, the DCO should collect the Sample and should
not process the attempt as an unsuccessful attempt to test, but should
include full details of the delay in availability of the Athlete in the DCO’s
Sample collection report. Any pattern of behaviour of this type should be
investigated by the Responsible ADO as a possible anti-doping rule violationof evading Sample collection under Code Article 2.3 or Code Article 2.5. It
may also prompt Target Testing of the Athlete.

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If located for Testing, the Athlete must remain with the DCO until the Sample
collection has been completed, even if this takes longer than the 60-minutetime slot.
If an Athlete is not available for Testing during his/her specified 60-minutetime slot at the location specified for that time slot for that day, he/she will
be liable for a Missed Test even if he/she is located later that day and a
Sample is successfully collected from him/her.]c. that during that specified 60-minute time slot, the DCO did what was
reasonable in the circumstances (i.e. given the nature of the specified
location) to try to locate the Athlete, short of giving the Athlete any
Advance Notice of the test;[11.4.3(c) Comment: Once the DCO has arrived at the location specified forthe 60-minute time slot, if the Athlete cannot be located immediately thenthe DCO should remain at that location for whatever time is left of the 60minute time slot and during that remaining time he/she should do what isreasonable in the circumstances to try to locate the Athlete.]d. that the provisions of Clause 11.4.4 (if applicable) have been met; ande. that the Athlete’s failure to be available for Testing at the specified
location during the specified 60-minute time slot was at least negligent.
For these purposes, the Athlete will be presumed to have been negligent
upon proof of the matters set out at sub-Clauses 11.4.3(a) to (d). That
presumption may only be rebutted by the Athlete establishing that no
negligent behaviour on his/her part caused or contributed to him/her (i)being unavailable for Testing at such location during such time slot; and(ii) failing to update his/her most recent Whereabouts Filing to give noticeof a different location where he/she would instead be available for Testing
during a specified 60-minute time slot on the relevant day.
[11.4.3(e) Comment: In the event that a Code Article 2.4 anti-doping ruleviolation is established, the actual degree of fault involved on the part of theAthlete (i.e. whether negligence or greater) will be relevant to theassessment, under Code Article 10.3.3, of the period of Ineligibility to be
imposed.]11.4.4
To ensure fairness to the Athlete, where an unsuccessful attempt has
been made to test an Athlete during one of the 60-minute time slots specified in
his/her Whereabouts Filing, any subsequent attempt to test that Athlete (by thesame or any other ADO) may only be counted as a Missed Test against thatAthlete if that subsequent attempt takes place after the Athlete has received
notice, in accordance with Clause 11.6.3(b), of the original unsuccessful attempt.

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11.5

Team Sports[11.5 Comment: During the 2007-08 consultation phase on revisions to the 2007
Version 3.0 of the International Standard for Testing, a common theme of many of thesubmissions made by Team Sports was that any harmonised whereabouts systemneeds to be flexible enough to reflect the fact that Team Sports are organized andcarried out on a team basis rather than on an individual basis, with most of theactivities carried out in pursuit of that sport being conducted on a collective basis
rather than on an individual basis. The purpose of this Clause 11.5 is to reflect thatcharacteristic of Team Sports by allowing for a Registered Testing Pool to be definedby reference to teams. It also allows for whereabouts information in relation to
Athletes on such teams to be submitted on a collective basis, with information as tothe team’s collective activities being supplemented by submission of individual
whereabouts information for periods when the Athletes are not with the team. In linewith the systems implemented in 2004-2007 in Team Sports such as water polo andrugby union, the individual Athlete remains personally responsible at all times for theaccuracy of that whereabouts information and for making him/herself available for
Testing at such whereabouts.]

11.5.1 An IF of a Team Sport may define its Registered Testing Pool by reference
to teams, i.e. so that the Athletes in its Registered Testing Pool are some or all of
the Athletes on particular teams within the relevant period.
[11.5.1 Comment: For example, an IF may choose to define its Registered Testing
Pool by reference to its top-ranked national representative teams at any given time.
In a year in which that IF’s World Championships are played, it may choose to expand
its Registered Testing Pool to include all of the national representative teams that havequalified to compete in the World Championships. In accordance with Clause 11.7.5,
the IF may delegate the responsibility for collecting such Athletes’ whereabouts
information to the relevant National Federations.
A NADO that includes a Team Sport within its national Registered Testing Pool may
take the same approach.]11.5.2 In such circumstances, in accordance with Clause 11.2.4, to reflect thefact that membership of a team may change regularly, the IF shall issue rules
addressing changes in the composition of the Registered Testing Pool during therelevant period.
[11.5.2 Comment: For example, in a Team Sport where a Registered Testing Pool is
identified by reference to national representative teams, the IF might fix membershipby reference to the Athletes included in the last national representative squad selectedprior to the quarter in question. If a new squad is selected during the quarter that isdifferent in composition from the prior squad, the IF’s rules will determine whether thechanges are reflected immediately (e.g., any Athlete from the first squad who is not in
the second squad drops out of the Registered Testing Pool with immediate effect) or
alternatively as of the beginning of the next quarter (i.e., the Athlete not in the second
squad remains in the Registered Testing Pool until the end of the quarter).]International Standard for Testing, January 201257 of 92

11.5.3 In a Team Sport where the Registered Testing Pool is defined byreference to teams, Athletes on the designated teams are likely to carry out mostof their sporting activities (e.g., training, travelling, tactical sessions) on acollective basis. Accordingly, much of the whereabouts information required
under Clause 11.3 will be the same for all of the Athletes on the team.
Furthermore, on occasions when an Athlete on a team is not participating in ascheduled team collective activity (e.g. because of injury), he/she is likely to be
pursuing other activities under the supervision of his/her team (e.g. treatment by
a team doctor). Such team-based activities, collective or otherwise, shall beknown, for purposes of this International Standard for Testing, as “Team Activity”.
11.5.4 An Athlete who is included in a Registered Testing Pool by reference tothe fact that he/she plays for a particular team is subject to the same individual
whereabouts requirements set out in this Section 11 as an Athlete who is included
in a Registered Testing Pool by reference to some other criterion. In accordancewith Clauses 11.3.6 and 11.3.7, however, in the circumstances outlined in Clause
11.5.3 the Athlete may delegate the task of making some or all of the
Whereabouts Filings required under Clauses 11.3.1 and 11.3.2 (and/or any
updates to Whereabouts Filings required under Clause 11.4.2) to the team, to be
carried out by (for example, depending on the rules of the Responsible ADO) a
coach, a manager or a National Federation.
[11.5.4 Comment: For the avoidance of doubt, for the sake of convenience andefficiency, an Athlete in a Team Sport may delegate the making of his/her
Whereabouts Filings to his/her team not only in respect of periods of Team Activity but
also in respect of periods where he/she is not with the team, provided the teamagrees. In such circumstances, it will be necessary for the Athlete to provide theinformation as to his/her individual whereabouts for the period in question to theteam, to supplement the information it provides in relation to Team Activities.
In those Team Sports where an Athlete may play for more than one team, andtherefore may be involved in Team Activity for more than one team in any given filing
period, clear provision should be made in the relevant rules for the collection andsubmission of the information required under Clause 11.3. For example, where an IF
defines its Registered Testing Pool by reference to national representative teams, theAthletes on such teams may spend much of their time with their national
representative teams, competing in International Events, but they may also spend asignificant amount of time with their clubs, competing in domestic and/or regional
Events. In such circumstances, the National Federation should collect the information
as to the Athlete’s Team Activities for his/her club and include it in the Whereabouts
Filing alongside the information as to the national representative team’s Team
Activities and the Athlete’s individual whereabouts information for the relevant period.]11.5.5 In the circumstances identified in Clause 11.5.4, the team (e.g. the
National Federation) may make the Whereabouts Filing on behalf of its Athletes,
providing the information required under Clause 11.3, as follows:

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a. a complete mailing address for formal notice purposes, in accordance with
Clause 11.3.1(a). Where agreed with the Athlete, this notice may be sent
care of the team.
b. the information specified in Clauses 11.3.1(b), (c), (d) and (f);c. for each day in the following quarter, the time(s) each day of any Team
Activity, whether that is a collective activity (e.g. training) or anindividual activity under the supervision of the team (e.g. medical
treatment), along with the venue and any other details required in orderfor the Athlete to be located during the time(s) in question; and[11.5.5(c) Comment: If the Athlete conducts other regular activities outside
Team Activities (e.g., he is an amateur Athlete and therefore also works orgoes to school), then the locations and time-frames of such other regular
activities should also be disclosed, in accordance with Clause 11.3.1(e).]d. for each day in the following quarter, one specific 60-minute time slot
between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m. where the Athlete will be available andaccessible for Testing at a specific location. For the avoidance of doubt,
this 60-minute time slot may be during any Team Activity conducted on
the day in question.
11.5.6 For Athletes in Registered Testing Pools in Team Sports, liability for Filing
Failures shall be determined in accordance with Clause 11.3.5, and liability forMissed Tests shall be determined in accordance with Clause 11.4.2.
Inaccordance with Clause 11.3.7:
a. if the team does not make a required Whereabouts Filing, or makes the
Whereabouts Filing but does not include all of the required information,then (subject to the requirements of Clause 11.3.5) the Athlete will be
liable for a Filing Failure under Code Article 2.4; andb. if any of the required information changes after a Whereabouts Filing ismade, then in accordance with Clause 11.4.2 an update must be filed sothat the Whereabouts Filing remains accurate at all times. If an update is
not made, and as a result an attempt to test the Athlete during the 60minute time slot is unsuccessful, then (subject to the requirements ofClause 11.4.3) the Athlete will be liable for a Missed Test under Code
Article 2.4.
[11.5.6 Comment: For example, if an attempt to test an Athlete during a 60-minutetime slot designated within a particular Team Activity period is unsuccessful due to ateam official filing the wrong information in relation to the Team Activity, or failing to
update previously-filed information where the details of the Team Activity havesubsequently changed, the team may be liable for sanction under the applicable rules

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of the IF for such failure, but the Athlete him/herself will still be liable (assuming thatthe requirements of Clause 11.4.3 are satisfied) for a Missed Test. This must be thecase because if an Athlete is able to blame his/her team if he/she is not available for
Testing at a location declared by his team, then he/she will be able to avoid
accountability for his/her whereabouts for Testing. Of course the team has the sameinterest as the Athlete in ensuring the accuracy of the Whereabouts Filing and avoiding
any Whereabouts Failures on the part of the Athlete.]

11.5.7 In accordance with Clause 11.1.6, in addition to maintaining a Registered
Testing Pool in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Clause 11.5, an
ADO in a Team Sport may establish one or more further testing pool(s) for otherteams/Athletes under its jurisdiction, and may apply different whereabouts
requirements to such pool(s) for purposes of Code Article 2.4.
[11.5.7 Comment: A good example of such an additional pool is the whereabouts pool
maintained by the Football Association in England in the period 2006-08, consisting of
all Athletes playing for certain teams. Under the FA’s approach, which has been
identified by FIFA and the IFs of certain other Team Sports as a useful model, a teamdesignated for inclusion in such pool is responsible for making periodic whereabouts
filings with the Football Association, declaring the names of the Athletes registeredwith the team and the team’s training and competition schedule for the following
period.
In other words, the Football Association is advised of the collective
whereabouts of the team during the Team Activities referred to in Clause 11.5.3. If an
attempt is then made to test an Athlete on that team during such a Team Activity andthe Athlete in question is not available for Testing at the specified location, then the
If upon investigation it isAthlete is investigated for a potential Missed Test.
determined that the Athlete was not available for Testing because the team failed toprovide accurate information as to the Athlete’s participation in and/or the location of
the relevant Team Activity to the Football Association, then the team rather than the
Athlete is subject to sanction. Otherwise, however, absent exceptional circumstancesa Missed Test is declared against the Athlete.
Nothing in this Standard is intended to prevent ADOs in Team Sports from maintaining
pools of this type, applying whereabouts requirements of this type. For the avoidanceof doubt, this is to be done in addition to (not instead of) maintaining a Registered
Testing Pool in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Clause 11.5, to which
the full requirements of this Section 11 apply.]

11.6

Results Management

11.6.1 Annex A of the International Standard for Testing (“Investigating a
possible Failure to Comply”) shall not apply with respect to Whereabouts Failures.
Instead, the provisions of this Clause 11.6 shall apply.
11.6.2 The results management process in respect of an apparent Filing Failure
shall be as follows:

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a. If it appears that all of the Clause 11.3.5 requirements relating to Filing
Failures are satisfied, then no later than 14 (fourteen) days after the dateof discovery of the apparent Filing Failure the Responsible ADO must send
notice to the Athlete in question of the apparent Filing Failure, inviting a
response within 14 (fourteen) days of receipt of the notice. In the notice,
the Responsible ADO should warn the Athlete:i. that unless the Athlete persuades the Responsible ADO that there
has not been any Filing Failure, then (subject to the remainder of theresults management process set out below) an alleged Whereabouts
Failure will be recorded against the Athlete; andii. of the consequences to the Athlete if a hearing panel upholds thealleged Whereabouts Failure.
[11.6.2(a)(ii) Comment: The notice should advise the Athlete whether any
other Whereabouts Failures have been alleged against him/her in the 18month period prior to this alleged Whereabouts Failure.]b. Where the Athlete disputes the apparent Filing Failure, the Responsible
ADO must re-assess whether all of the Clause 11.3.5 requirements are
met. The Responsible ADO must advise the Athlete, by letter sent nolater than 14 (fourteen) days after receipt of the Athlete’s response,
whether or not it maintains there has been a Filing Failure.
[11.6.2(b) Comment: Any notice sent to an Athlete pursuant to Clause
11.6.2(b) agreeing that there has not been any Filing Failure shall also besent to WADA and any other party/ies with a right of appeal under Code
Article 13, and may be appealed by WADA and/or such other party/ies inaccordance with that Article.]c. If no response is received from the Athlete by the relevant deadline, or if
the Responsible ADO maintains (notwithstanding the Athlete’s response)that there has been a Filing Failure, the Responsible ADO shall send
notice to the Athlete that an alleged Filing Failure is to be recorded
against him/her. The Responsible ADO shall at the same time advise theAthlete that he/she has the right to an administrative review of thatdecision;d. Where it is requested by the Athlete, such administrative review shall be
conducted by a designee of the Responsible ADO who was not involved in
the previous assessment of the alleged Filing Failure. The review shall bebased on written submissions only, and shall consider whether all of therequirements of Clause 11.3.5 are met. The review shall be completed
within 14 (fourteen) days of receipt of the Athlete’s request and theInternational Standard for Testing, January 2012

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decision shall be communicated to the Athlete by letter sent no more than
7 (seven) days after the decision is made;[11.6.2(d) Comment: Nothing in this Article prevents a sufficiently resourced
ADO using a panel of up to three persons to conduct such administrative
review, provided that none of those persons has been involved in theprevious assessment of the alleged Filing Failure.]e. If it appears, upon such review, that the requirements of Clause 11.3.5
have not been met, then the alleged Filing Failure shall not be treated asa Whereabouts Failure for any purpose; and[11.6.2(e) Comment: Any notice sent to an Athlete pursuant to Clause
11.6.3(e), agreeing that there has been no Filing Failure, shall also be sent to
WADA and any other party/ies with a right of appeal under Code Article 13,
and may be appealed by WADA and/or such party/ies in accordance with that
Article.]f. If the Athlete does not request an administrative review of the alleged
Filing Failure by the relevant deadline, or if the administrative review
leads to the conclusion that all of the requirements of Clause 11.3.5 havebeen met, then the Responsible ADO shall record an alleged Filing Failure
against the Athlete and shall notify the Athlete and (on a confidential
basis) WADA and all other relevant ADOs of that alleged Filing Failure andthe date of its occurrence.
[11.6.2(f) Comment: For the avoidance of doubt, the Responsible ADO is notprecluded from notifying other relevant ADOs (on a strictly confidential basis)of the alleged Filing Failure at an earlier stage of the results management
process. Rather, the Responsible ADO is entitled to do so, where it considers
it appropriate (for test planning purposes or otherwise).
The Clause 11.6.2(f) notice should again advise the Athlete whether any
other Whereabouts Failures have been alleged against him/her in respect of
the 18-month period prior to this alleged Filing Failure.]

11.6.3
The results management process in the case of an apparent Missed Test
shall be as follows:a. The DCO shall file an Unsuccessful Attempt Report with his/her ADO,
setting out the details of the attempted Sample collection, including thedate of the attempt, the location visited, the exact arrival and departure
times at the location, the step(s) taken at the location to try to find theAthlete, including details of any contact made with third parties, and anyother relevant details about the attempted Sample collection.

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[11.6.3(a) Comment: WADA will make a template Unsuccessful Attempt
Report available for use/adaptation by ADOs. When commissioning another
ADO to conduct a test on its behalf, the commissioning ADO may specify adeadline for the submission to it of an Unsuccessful Attempt Report.]

b. If it appears that all of the Clause 11.4.3 requirements relating to Missed
Tests are satisfied, then no later than 14 (fourteen) days after the date of
the unsuccessful attempt, the Responsible ADO (i.e. the ADO on whose
behalf the test was attempted) must send notice to the Athlete of theunsuccessful attempt, inviting a response within 14 (fourteen) days ofreceipt of the notice. In the notice, the Responsible ADO should warn the
Athlete:i. that unless the Athlete persuades the Responsible ADO that there
has not been any Missed Test, then (subject to the remainder of theresults management process set out below) an alleged Missed Test
will be recorded against the Athlete; andii. of the consequences to the Athlete if a hearing panel upholds thealleged Missed Test.
[11.6.3(b)(ii) Comment: The notice should also advise the Athlete whether
any other Whereabouts Failures have been declared against him/her in the
18-month period prior to this alleged Missed Test. (See also comment toClause 11.6.3(d)).]c. Where the Athlete disputes the apparent Missed Test, the Responsible
ADO must re-assess whether all of the Clause 11.4.3 requirements are
met. The Responsible ADO must advise the Athlete, by letter sent nolater than 14 (fourteen) days after receipt of the Athlete’s response,
whether or not it maintains that there has been a Missed Test.
[11.6.3(c) Comment: WADA intends to issue guidelines relating to theassessment of unsuccessful attempts, including what explanations may or
may not excuse an apparent Missed Test.
Any notice sent to an Athlete pursuant to Clause 11.6.3(c), agreeing that
there has been no Missed Test, shall also be sent to WADA and any otherparty/ies with a right of appeal under Code Article 13, and may be appealedby WADA and/or such party/ies in accordance with that Article.]

d. If no response is received from the Athlete by the relevant deadline, or if
the Responsible ADO maintains (notwithstanding the Athlete’s response)that there has been a Missed Test, the Responsible ADO shall send noticeto the Athlete that an alleged Missed Test is to be recorded against
him/her. The Responsible ADO shall at the same time advise the Athletethat he/she has the right to request an administrative review of theInternational Standard for Testing, January 2012

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alleged Missed Test. The Unsuccessful Attempt Report must be provided
to the Athlete at this point if it has not been provided earlier in theprocess.
[11.6.3(d) Comment:
The ADO may provide the Unsuccessful Attempt
Report to the Athlete prior to this stage if it so chooses (i.e. when it sends theinitial notice in accordance with Clause 11.6.3(b)), or it may initially provide
only the basic details of the apparent Missed Test, holding back the full
Unsuccessful Attempt Report to be provided only at this stage.]e. Where requested, such administrative review shall be conducted by adesignee of the Responsible ADO who was not involved in the previous
assessment of the alleged Missed Test, shall be based on written
submissions alone, and shall consider whether all of the requirements ofClause 11.4.3 are met. If necessary, the relevant DCO may be asked toprovide further information to the designee.
The review shall becompleted within 14 (fourteen) days of receipt of the Athlete’s request
and the decision shall be communicated to the Athlete by letter sent nomore than 7 (seven) days after the decision is made.
[11.6.3(e) Comment: Nothing in this Article prevents a sufficiently resourced
ADO setting up a panel of up to three persons to conduct such administrative
review, provided that none of those persons has been involved in theprevious assessment of the alleged Missed Test.]

f. If it appears to the designee that the requirements of Clause 11.4.3 havenot been met, then the unsuccessful attempt to test the Athlete shall not
be treated as a Missed Test for any purpose; and[11.6.3(f) Comment: Any notice sent to an Athlete pursuant to Clause
11.6.3(f), agreeing that there has been no Missed Test, shall also be sent to
WADA and any other party/ies with a right of appeal under Code Article 13,
and may be appealed by WADA and/or such party/ies in accordance with that
Article.]g. If the Athlete does not request an administrative review of the alleged
Missed Test by the relevant deadline, or if the administrative review leads
to the conclusion that all of the requirements of Clause 11.4.3 have beenmet, then the Responsible ADO shall record an alleged Missed Test
against the Athlete and shall notify the Athlete and (on a confidential
basis) WADA and all other relevant ADOs of that alleged Missed Test andthe date of its occurrence.
[11.6.3(g) Comment: For the avoidance of doubt, the ADO that attempted
the test is not precluded from notifying other relevant ADOs (on a strictly
confidential basis) of the alleged Missed Test at an earlier stage of the results

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management process. Rather, it is entitled to do so, where it considers it
appropriate (for test planning purposes or otherwise).
The Clause 11.6.3(g) notice should again advise the Athlete whether any
other Whereabouts Failures have been alleged against him/her in respect of
the 18-month period prior to this alleged Missed Test.
Whenever such notice is received, if the ADO with results management
responsibility, as determined by Clause 11.7.5, is different from the ADO
that attempted the test, then the ADO with results management responsibility
is encouraged to review the file immediately to determine whether, in its
view, the evidence in relation to the Missed Test declared by the ADO that
attempted the test is sufficient to establish a Whereabouts Failure under Code
Article 2.4. The reviewing ADO should raise any issues of concern with thenotifying ADO as soon as possible, i.e. it should not wait until an Athlete has
amassed three alleged Whereabouts Failures within any one 18-month period
before raising any concern. Any decision by the reviewing ADO that a
Whereabouts Failure recorded by another ADO should be disregarded for lackof sufficient evidence shall be communicated to the other ADO and to WADA,
shall be without prejudice to WADA’s right of appeal under Code Article 13,
and in any event shall not affect the validity of any other Whereabouts
Failures declared against the Athlete in question.]11.6.4 An ADO that declares, or that receives notice of, a Whereabouts Failure in
respect of an Athlete shall not disclose that information beyond those persons
with a need to know unless and until that Athlete is found to have committed ananti-doping rule violation under Code Article 2.4 based on (among other things)
such Whereabouts Failure. Such persons who need to know shall also maintainthe confidentiality of such information until the same point.
[11.6.4 Comment: This shall not preclude an ADO from publishing a general statisticalreport of its activities that discloses in general terms the number of Whereabouts
Failures that have been declared in respect of Athletes under its jurisdiction during aparticular period, provided that it does not publish any information that might reveal
the identity of the Athletes involved. An ADO should not disclose that a particular
Athlete does (or does not) have any Whereabouts Failures alleged against him/her (orthat a particular sport does, or does not, have Athletes with Whereabouts Failures
alleged against them).]

11.6.5 The Responsible ADO shall keep a record of all Whereabouts Failures
alleged in respect of each Athlete within its Registered Testing Pool. Where it isalleged that such an Athlete has committed 3 (three) Whereabouts Failures within
any 18-month period:a. Where two or more of those Whereabouts Failures were alleged by an
ADO that had the Athlete in its Registered Testing Pool at the time ofthose failures, then that ADO (whether the IF or a NADO) shall be the
Responsible ADO for purposes of bringing proceedings against the Athlete

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under Code Article 2.4. If not (for example, if the Whereabouts Failures
were alleged by three different ADOs), then the Responsible ADO forthese purposes will be the ADO whose Registered Testing Pool the Athlete
was in as of the date of the third Whereabouts Failure. If the Athlete wasin both the international and a national Registered Testing Pool as of thatdate, the Responsible ADO for these purposes shall be the IF.
[11.6.5(a) Comment: The Responsible ADO shall have the right to receive,from any other ADO that has recorded one of the alleged Whereabouts
Failures, such further information about that alleged Whereabouts Failure as
the Responsible ADO may reasonably require in order to assess the strengthof the evidence of such alleged Whereabouts Failure and to bring proceedings
under Code Article 2.4 in reliance thereon. If the Responsible ADO decides ingood faith that the evidence in relation to such alleged Whereabouts
Failure(s) is insufficient to support such proceedings under Code Article 2.4,
then it may decline to bring proceedings based on such alleged Whereabouts
Failure(s). Any decision by a Responsible ADO that a declared Whereabouts
Failure should be disregarded for lack of sufficient evidence shall be
communicated to the other ADO and to WADA, shall be without prejudice to
WADA’s right of appeal under Code Article 13, and in any event shall notaffect the validity of the other Whereabouts Failures alleged against the
Athlete in question.]b. Where the Responsible ADO fails to bring proceedings against an Athlete
under Code Article 2.4 within 30 (thirty) days of WADA receiving notice ofthat Athlete’s third alleged Whereabouts Failure in any 18-month period,
then it shall be deemed that the Responsible ADO has decided that no antidoping rule violation was committed, for purposes of triggering the appeal
rights set out at Code Article 13 (in particular Article 13.2).
[11.6.5(b) Comment: In such circumstances, the ADO(s) that alleged such
Whereabouts Failure(s) must provide to WADA, upon request, such further
information about the alleged Whereabouts Failure(s) as WADA shallreasonably require in order to assess the strength of the evidence of suchalleged Whereabouts Failure(s) and (where it deems it appropriate) to bringan appeal in accordance with Code Article 13.]11.6.6 An Athlete alleged to have committed an anti-doping rule violation under
Code Article 2.4 shall have the right to have such allegation determined at a fullevidentiary hearing in accordance with Code Article 8. The hearing panel shall not
be bound by any determination made during the results management process,whether as to the adequacy of any explanation offered for a Whereabouts Failure
or otherwise. Instead, the burden shall be on the ADO bringing the proceedings
to establish all of the requisite elements of each alleged Whereabouts Failure.
[11.6.6 Comment:
Nothing in Clause 11.6.6 is intended to prevent the ADO
challenging an argument raised on the Athlete’s behalf at the hearing on the basis that

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it could have been but was not raised at an earlier stage of the results management
process.
The ADO that brings proceedings against an Athlete under Code Article 2.4 should also
consider in good faith whether or not a Provisional Suspension should be imposed on
the Athlete pending determination of the proceedings, in accordance with Code Article
7.5.2.
If the hearing panel decides that one (or two) alleged Whereabouts Failures have been
established to the required standard, but that the third alleged Whereabouts Failure
has not, then no Code Article 2.4 anti-doping rule violation shall be found to haveoccurred. However, if the Athlete then commits one (or two) further Whereabouts
Failures within the relevant 18-month period, new proceedings may be brought basedon a combination of the Whereabouts Failure(s) established to the satisfaction of thehearing panel in the previous proceedings (in accordance with Code Article 3.2.3) andthe Whereabouts Failure(s) subsequently committed by the Athlete.
A finding that an Athlete has committed an anti-doping rule violation under Code
Article 2.4 of the Code has the following Consequences:a. imposition of a period of Ineligibility in accordance with Code Article 10.3.3 (first
violation) or Code Article 10.7 (second violation); andb. in accordance with Code Article 10.8, Disqualification (unless fairness requires
otherwise) of all individual results obtained by an Athlete from the date of theanti-doping rule violation through to the date of commencement of any
Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility period, with all of the resulting
consequences, including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes. For these
purposes, the anti-doping rule violation shall be deemed to have occurred on thedate of the third Whereabouts Failure found by the hearing panel to haveoccurred.
The impact of any Code Article 2.4 anti-doping rule violation by an individual Athleteon the results of any team for which that Athlete has played during the relevant period
shall be determined in accordance with Code Article 11.]11.7

Whereabouts Responsibilities of Anti-Doping Organizations

11.7.1 The IF is responsible for the following:a. designating Athletes for inclusion in the international Registered Testing
Pool, and revising the list of designated Athletes as appropriate from time
to time, all in accordance with Code Article 14.3 and Clause 11.2;
b. notifying each Athlete designated for inclusion in the international
Registered Testing Pool, either directly or through the National Federation

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or Olympic/Paralympic Committee to which the IF has delegated the
responsibility to provide notification to the Athlete:
i. of the fact that he/she has been designated for inclusion in theinternational Registered Testing Pool;ii. of the whereabouts requirements with which he/she must comply asa result of such inclusion; andiii. of the potential consequences if he/she fails to comply with suchrequirements;c. agreeing with the NADO, in accordance with Clause 11.3.1, which of themshall take responsibility for receiving the Whereabouts Filings of Athletes
who are in both the NADO’s national Registered Testing Pool and the IF’s
international Registered Testing Pool;d. establishing a workable system for the collection, maintenance andsharing of Whereabouts Filings, preferably using an on-line system(capable of recording who enters information and when) or at least fax,
e-mail and/or SMS text messaging, to ensure that:i. the information provided by the Athlete is stored safely and securely(ideally in ADAMS or another centralized database system of similarfunctionality and security);ii. the information can be accessed by (A) authorized individuals acting
on behalf of the IF on a need-to-know basis only; (B) WADA; and (C)other ADOs with Testing jurisdiction over the Athlete, in accordancewith Code Article 14.3; andiii. the information is maintained in strict confidence at all times, is usedby the IF exclusively for the purpose of planning, coordinating or
conducting Testing, and is destroyed in accordance with relevant
confidentiality requirements after it is no longer relevant;e. conducting results management in accordance with Clause 11.6 in respectof:i. any apparent Filing Failure on the part of an Athlete in theinternational Registered Testing Pool (unless the Athlete is also in anational Registered Testing Pool and files his/her Whereabouts Filingwith the NADO, in which case it will be the NADO that conducts
results management in respect of any apparent Filing Failure by thatAthlete); andInternational Standard for Testing, January 2012

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ii. any apparent Missed Test in respect of such Athlete, where theunsuccessful attempt to test the Athlete was made on behalf of the
IF; andf. in the circumstances specified in Clause 11.6.5(a), bringing disciplinary
proceedings against an Athlete under Code Article 2.4.
11.7.2

Notwithstanding Clause 11.7.1:

a. an IF may propose, and a NADO may agree to, the delegation of some or
all of the responsibilities set out in sub-Clauses 11.7.1(b) to (e) to theNADO;b. an IF may delegate some or all of the responsibilities set out in Clause
11.7.1 to the Athlete’s National Federation; orc. where WADA determines that the IF is not discharging some or all of its
responsibilities set out in Clause 11.7.1, WADA may delegate some or allof those responsibilities to any other appropriate ADO.
11.7.3

The NADO is responsible for the following:a. designating Athletes for inclusion in the national Registered Testing Pool,and revising the list of designated Athletes as appropriate from time totime, all in accordance with Code Article 14.3 and Clause 11.2;
b. notifying each Athlete designated for inclusion in the national Registered
Testing Pool:i. of the fact that he/she has been designated for inclusion in thenational Registered Testing Pool;ii. of the whereabouts requirements with which he/she must comply asa result of such inclusion; andiii. of the potential consequences if he/she fails to comply with suchrequirements;c. agreeing with the IF, in accordance with Clause 11.3.1, which of themshall take responsibility for receiving the Whereabouts Filings of Athletes
who are in both the NADO’s national Registered Testing Pool and the IF’s
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d. establishing a workable system for the collection, maintenance andsharing of Whereabouts Filings made by Athletes in the national
Registered Testing Pool, preferably using an on-line system (capable ofrecording who enters information and when) or at least fax, e-mail and/or
SMS text messaging, to ensure that:i. the information is stored safely and securely (ideally in ADAMS oranother centralized database system of similar functionality andsecurity);ii. the information can be accessed by (A) authorized individuals acting
on behalf of the NADO on a need-to-know basis only; (B) WADA; and(C) other ADOs with authority to test the Athlete(s) in question, in
accordance with Code Article 14.3; andiii. the information is maintained in strict confidence at all times, is usedby the NADO exclusively for the purpose of planning, coordinating or
conducting Testing, and is destroyed in accordance with relevant
confidentiality requirements after it is no longer relevant;e. conducting results management in accordance with Clause 11.6 in respectof:i. any apparent Filing Failure on the part of an Athlete in the national
Registered Testing Pool (unless the Athlete is also in an international
Registered Testing Pool and files his/her Whereabouts Filing with theIF, in which case it will be the IF that conducts results management
in respect of any apparent Filing Failure by that Athlete); andii. any apparent Missed Test in respect of such Athlete, where theunsuccessful attempt to test the Athlete was made on behalf of the
NADO; andf. in the circumstances specified in Clause 11.6.5(a), bringing disciplinary
proceedings against an Athlete under Code Article 2.4.
11.7.4 Notwithstanding Clause 11.7.3:
a. a NADO may delegate some or all of the responsibilities set out in Clause
11.7.3 to the relevant Athlete’s National Federation or other appropriate
ADO with authority over the Athlete in question;b. where no appropriate NADO exists, the National Olympic Committee shallassume the responsibilities of the NADO set out in Clause 11.7.3; andInternational Standard for Testing, January 2012

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c. where WADA determines that the responsibilities set out in Clause 11.7.3
are not being properly exercised, WADA may delegate some or all of
those responsibilities to any other appropriate ADO.
11.7.5 In addition to any specific responsibilities delegated to it in accordancewith Clause 11.7.2 or Clause 11.7.4, a National Federation must use its best
efforts to assist the Responsible ADO in collecting Whereabouts Filings from
Athletes within that National Federation’s jurisdiction, including (without
limitation) making special provision in its rules for that purpose.
11.7.6 Any ADO with Testing jurisdiction over an Athlete in a Registered Testing
Pool (see Code Article 15):
a. may access that Athlete’s Whereabouts Filings, as filed with his/her IF or
NADO, for use in conducting such Testing, in accordance with Code Article
14.3, provided that:i. it shall ensure that such information is accessed by authorizedindividuals acting on behalf of the ADO on a need-to-know basis
only, is maintained in strict confidence at all times, is used
exclusively for the purpose of planning, coordinating or conducting
Testing, and is destroyed in accordance with relevant confidentiality
requirements after it is no longer relevant; andii. it shall have due regard, in accordance with Code Article 15.2, to theneed to co-ordinate its Sample collection activities with the Sample
collection activities of other ADOs, in order to maximize theeffectiveness of the combined Testing effort and to avoid
unnecessary repetitive testing of individual Athletes;b. it must provide information from the most current Whereabouts Filing to
the DCO charged with testing the Athlete, and must issue the DCO withclear instructions as to how he/she should go about attempting to locate
the Athlete, in accordance with Clause 11.4.3(d);c. it must conduct results management in respect of any apparent Missed
Test arising out of its attempt to test the Athlete, in accordance with
Clause 11.6.3;
11.7.6(c) Comment: Where the ADO attempts the test by agreement withanother ADO, that agreement may specify that the requesting ADO willconduct results management with respect to any apparent Missed Testarising out of the attempt.

d. it must report unsuccessful attempts promptly to the Responsible ADO for
the Athlete in question, in accordance with Clause 11.4.3(h); andInternational Standard for Testing, January 2012

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e. it must cooperate as reasonably requested with the Responsible ADO
and/or WADA in its investigation of any such Whereabouts Failures and inits pursuit of any proceedings brought in reliance on such Whereabouts
Failures, including providing any further information requested andproducing witnesses and/or documentation as required to evidence, inany disciplinary or related proceedings, any facts within its knowledge on
which the charge is based.

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PART THREE: ANNEXES
Annex A - Investigating a possible Failure to Comply
A.1

Objective

To ensure that any matters occurring before, during or after a Sample Collection
Session that may lead to a determination of a Failure to Comply are assessed,
documented and acted upon.

A.2

Scope

Investigating a possible Failure to Comply begins when the ADO or a DCO
becomes aware of a possible Failure to Comply and ends when the ADO takes
appropriate follow-up action based on the outcomes of its investigation.

A.3

Responsibility

A.3.1

The ADO is responsible for ensuring that:a) An investigation of the possible Failure to Comply is instigated basedon all relevant information and documentation.
b) The Athlete or other party is informed of the possible Failure toComply in writing and has the opportunity to respond.
c) The evaluation process is documented.
d) The final determination is made available to other ADOs in
accordance with the Code.

A. 3.2

The DCO is responsible for:a) Informing the Athlete or other party of the consequences of a
possible Failure to Comply.
b) Completing the Athlete’s Sample Collection Session where possible.
c) Providing a detailed written report of any possible Failure to Comply.

A.3.3

Sample Collection Personnel are responsible for:a) Informing the Athlete or other party of the consequences of a
possible Failure to Comply.
b) Reporting to the DCO any possible Failure to Comply.

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A.4

Requirements

A.4.1
Any potential Failure to Comply shall be reported by the DCO and/or
followed up by the ADO as soon as practicable.
A.4.2
If the ADO determines that there has been a potential Failure toComply, the Athlete or other party shall be promptly notified in writing:a) Of the possible consequences;b) That a potential Failure to Comply will be investigated by the ADO
and appropriate follow-up action will be taken.
A.4.3
Any additional necessary information about the potential Failure toComply shall be obtained from all relevant sources, including the Athlete or otherparty as soon as possible and recorded.
A.4.4
The ADO shall establish a system for ensuring that the outcomes of its
investigation into the potential Failure to Comply are considered for results
management action and, if applicable, for further planning and Target Testing.

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Annex B - Modifications for Athletes with disabilities
B.1

Objective

To ensure that the special needs of Athletes with disabilities are considered,
where possible, in relation to the provision of a Sample, without compromising
the integrity of the Sample Collection Session.

B.2

Scope

Determining whether modifications are necessary starts with identification ofsituations where Sample collection involves Athletes with disabilities and ends
with modifications to Sample collection procedures and equipment where
necessary and where possible.

B.3

Responsibility

The ADO has responsibility for ensuring, when possible, that the DCO has any
information and Sample Collection Equipment necessary to conduct a Sample
Collection Session with an Athlete with a disability.
The DCO has responsibility for Sample collection.

B.4

Requirements

B.4.1
All aspects of notification and Sample collection for Athletes withdisabilities shall be carried out in accordance with the standard notification andSample collection procedures unless modifications are necessary due to the
Athlete’s disability.
B.4.2
In planning or arranging Sample collection, the ADO and DCO shallconsider whether there will be any Sample collection for Athletes with disabilities
that may require modifications to the standard procedures for notification or
Sample collection, including Sample Collection Equipment and facilities.
B.4.3
The DCO shall have the authority to make modifications as the situation
requires when possible and as long as such modifications will not compromise theidentity, security or integrity of the Sample. All such modifications must be
documented.
B.4.4
An Athlete with an intellectual, physical or sensorial disability can beassisted by the Athlete’s representative or Sample Collection Personnel during the
Sample Collection Session where authorised by the Athlete and agreed to by the
DCO.

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B.4.5
The DCO can decide that alternative Sample Collection Equipment or
facilities will be used when required to enable the Athlete to provide the Sample
as long as the Sample’s identity, security and integrity will not be affected.
B.4.6
Athletes who are using urine collection or drainage systems are required
to eliminate existing urine from such systems before providing a urine Sample foranalysis. Where possible, the existing urine collection or drainage system should
be replaced with a new, unused catheter or drainage system.
B.4.7
The DCO will record modifications made to the standard Sample
collection procedures for Athletes with disabilities, including any applicablemodifications specified in the above actions.

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Annex C - Modifications for Athletes who are Minors
C.1

Objective

To ensure that the needs of Athletes who are Minors are met, in relation to
the provision of a Sample, without compromising the integrity of the Sample
Collection Session.

C.2

Scope

Determining whether modifications are necessary starts with identification ofsituations where Sample collection involves Athletes who are Minors andends with modifications to Sample collection procedures where necessary andwhere possible.

C.3

Responsibility

The ADO has responsibility for ensuring, when possible, that the DCO has
any information necessary to conduct a Sample Collection Session with an
Athlete who is a Minor. This includes confirming wherever necessary thatparental consent clauses are in place when arranging Testing at an Event..

C.4

Requirements

C.4.1
All aspects of notification and Sample collection for Athletes who
are Minors shall be carried out in accordance with the standard notificationand Sample collection procedures unless modifications are necessary due tothe Athlete being a Minor.
C.4.2
In planning or arranging Sample collection, the ADO and DCO shallconsider whether there will be any Sample collection for Athletes who are
Minors that may require modifications to the standard procedures for
notification or Sample collection.
C.4.3
The DCO and the ADO shall have the authority to makemodifications as the situation requires when possible and as long as suchmodifications will not compromise the identity, security or integrity of the
Sample.
C.4.4
Athletes who are Minors may be accompanied by a representative
throughout the entire Sample Collection Session. The representative shallnot witness the passing of a urine Sample unless requested to do so by the
Minor. The objective is to ensure that the DCO is observing the Sample
provision correctly.
Even if the Minor declines a representative, the ADO,
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to be present during notification of and/or collection of the Sample from theAthlete.
C.4.5
For Athletes who are Minors, the DCO shall determine who, in
addition to the Sample Collection Personnel, may be present during the
Sample Collection Session, namely a Minor’s representative to observe theSample Collection Session (including observing the DCO when the Minor ispassing the urine Sample, but not to directly observe the passing of the urine
Sample unless requested to do so by the Minor) and the DCO’s/Chaperone’s
representative, to observe the DCO/Chaperone when a Minor is passing aurine Sample, but without the representative directly observing the passingof the Sample unless requested by the Minor to do so.
C.4.6
Should a Minor decline to have a representative present during the
Sample Collection Session, this should be clearly documented by the DCO.
This does not invalidate the test, but must be recorded. If a Minor declines
the presence of a representative, the representative of the DCO/Chaperone
must be present.
C.4.7
Should a Minor fall within a Registered Testing Pool, the preferredvenue for all Out-of-Competition Testing is a location where the presence ofan adult is most likely, e.g. training venue.
C.4.8
The ADO shall consider the appropriate course of action when no
adult is present at the Testing of an Athlete who is a Minor and shallaccommodate the Athlete in locating a representative in order to proceedwith Testing.

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Annex D - Collection of urine Samples
D.1

Objective

To collect an Athlete’s urine Sample in a manner that ensures:a) Consistency with relevant principles of internationally recognised
standard precautions in healthcare settings so that the healthand safety of the Athlete and Sample Collection Personnel are
not compromised;b) The Sample meets the Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis andthe Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis. Failure of a Sample tomeet these requirements in no way invalidates the suitability of
the Sample for analysis. The determination of a Sample’s
suitability for analysis is the decision of the relevant laboratory,
in consultation with the ADO.
c) The Sample has not been manipulated, substituted,
contaminated or otherwise tampered with in any way.
d) The Sample is clearly and accurately identified; ande) The Sample is securely sealed in a tamper-evident kit.

D.2

Scope

The collection of a urine Sample begins with ensuring the Athlete is informedof the Sample collection requirements and ends with discarding any residual
urine remaining at the end of the Athlete’s Sample Collection Session.

D.3

Responsibility

The DCO has the responsibility for ensuring that each Sample is properly
collected, identified and sealed.
The DCO/Chaperone has the responsibility for directly witnessing the passingof the urine Sample.

D.4

Requirements

D.4.1
The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is informed of therequirements of the Sample Collection Session, including any modificationsas provided for in Annex B – Modifications for Athletes with disabilities.
D.4.2
The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is offered a choice ofappropriate equipment for collecting the Sample. If the nature of an Athlete’s
disability requires that he/she must use additional or other equipment as

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provided for in Annex B – Modifications for Athletes with disabilities, the DCO
shall inspect that equipment to ensure that it will not affect the identity or
integrity of the Sample.
D.4.3

The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select a collection vessel.

D.4.4
When the Athlete selects a collection vessel and for selection of allother Sample Collection Equipment that directly holds the urine Sample, theDCO will instruct the Athlete to check that all seals on the selected equipment
are intact and the equipment has not been tampered with. If the Athlete is notsatisfied with the selected equipment, he/she may select another. If the Athlete
is not satisfied with any of the equipment available for selection, this shall berecorded by the DCO.
If the DCO does not agree with the Athlete that all of the equipment available
for the selection is unsatisfactory, the DCO shall instruct the Athlete to proceedwith the Sample Collection Session.
If the DCO agrees with the Athlete that all of the equipment available for theselection is unsatisfactory, the DCO shall terminate the collection of theAthlete’s urine Sample and this shall be recorded by the DCO.
D.4.5
The Athlete shall retain control of the collection vessel and any
Sample provided until the Sample is sealed, unless assistance is required by
an Athlete’s disability as provided for in Annex B – Modifications for Athleteswith disabilities.
Additional assistance may be provided in exceptional
circumstances to any Athlete by the Athlete’s representative or Sample
Collection Personnel during the Sample Collection Session where authorisedby the Athlete and agreed to by the DCO.
D.4.6
The DCO/Chaperone who witnesses the passing of the Sample shallbe of the same gender as the Athlete providing the Sample.
D.4.7
The DCO/Chaperone should where practicable ensure the Athlete
thoroughly washes his or her hands prior to the provision of the Sample.
D.4.8
The DCO/Chaperone and Athlete shall proceed to an area of privacy
to collect a Sample.
D.4.9
The DCO/Chaperone shall ensure an unobstructed view of the
Sample leaving the Athlete’s body and must continue to observe the Sample
after provision until the Sample is securely sealed, and the DCO/Chaperone
shall record the witnessing in writing. In order to ensure a clear andunobstructed view of the passing of the Sample, the DCO/Chaperone shallinstruct the Athlete to remove or adjust clothing which restricts the clear
view of Sample provision.
Once the Sample has been provided, the
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athlete at the time of provision, which could have been secured in thecollection vessel.
D.4.10The DCO shall verify, in full view of the Athlete, that the Suitable
Volume of Urine for Analysis has been provided.
D.4.11
Where the volume of urine is insufficient, the DCO shall conduct apartial Sample collection procedure as prescribed in Annex F – Urine Samples– insufficient volume.
D.4.12
The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select a Sample collection kit
containing A and B bottles in accordance with Clause C.4.4.
D.4.13Once a Sample collection kit has been selected, the DCO and theAthlete shall check that all code numbers match and that this code number isrecorded accurately by the DCO.
If the Athlete or DCO finds that the numbers are not the same, the DCO shallinstruct the Athlete to choose another kit in accordance with Clause C.4.4.
The DCO shall record the matter.
D.4.14The Athlete shall pour the minimum Suitable Volume of Urine forAnalysis into the B bottle (to a minimum of 30 mL), and then pour theremainder of the urine into the A bottle (to a minimum of 60 mL). If morethan the minimum Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis has been provided,
the DCO shall ensure that the Athlete fills the A bottle to capacity as per therecommendation of the equipment manufacturer. Should there still be urine
remaining, the DCO shall ensure that the Athlete fills the B bottle to capacity
as per the recommendation of the equipment manufacturer. The DCO shallinstruct the Athlete to ensure that a small amount of urine is left in thecollection vessel, explaining that this is to enable the DCO to test that
residual urine in accordance with Clause D.4.17.
D.4.15Urine should only be discarded when both the A and B bottles havebeen filled to capacity in accordance with Clause D.4.14, and after the
residual urine has been tested in accordance with Clause D.4.17. The
Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis shall be viewed as an absolute
minimum.
D.4.16The Athlete shall seal the bottles as directed by the DCO. The DCO
shall check, in full view of the Athlete, that the bottles have been properly
sealed.
D.4.17
The DCO shall test the residual urine in the collection vessel todetermine if the Sample has a Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis. If the
DCO’s field reading indicates that the Sample does not have a Suitable
Specific Gravity for Analysis, then the DCO shall follow Annex G (Urine

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Samples that do not meet requirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for
Analysis).
D.4.18
The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete has been given the option ofrequiring that any residual urine that will not be sent for analysis is discardedin full view of the Athlete.

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Annex E - Collection of blood Samples
E.1

Objective

To collect an Athlete’s blood Sample in a manner that ensures:a) The health and safety of the Athlete and Sample Collection
Personnel are not compromised;b) The Sample is of a quality and quantity that meets the relevant
analytical guidelines;c) The Sample has not been manipulated, substituted,
contaminated or otherwise tampered with in any way;d) The Sample is clearly and accurately identified; ande) The Sample is securely sealed.

E.2

Scope

The collection of a blood Sample begins with ensuring the Athlete is informedof the Sample collection requirements and ends with properly storing the
Sample prior to dispatch for analysis at the WADA accredited laboratory or asotherwise approved by WADA.

E.3
E.3.1

Responsibility
The DCO has the responsibility for ensuring that:a) Each Sample is properly collected, identified and sealed; andb) All Samples have been properly stored and dispatched inaccordance with the relevant analytical guidelines.

E.3.2
The Blood Collection Officer has the responsibility for collecting theblood Sample, answering related questions during the provision of the
Sample, and proper disposal of used blood sampling equipment not requiredfor completing the Sample Collection Session.

E.4

Requirements

E.4.1
Procedures involving blood shall be consistent with the local
standards and regulatory requirements regarding precautions in health caresettings.
E.4.2
Blood Sample Collection Equipment shall consist of (a) a single
sample tube for blood profiling purposes; or (b) both an A and a B sample
tube for blood analysis; or (c) as otherwise specified by the relevant
laboratory.

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E.4.3
The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is informed of therequirements of the Sample collection, including any modifications asprovided for in Annex B – Modifications for Athletes with disabilities.
E.4.4
The DCO/Chaperone and Athlete shall proceed to the area where
the Sample will be provided.
E.4.5
The DCO shall ensure the Athlete is offered comfortable conditions
including being in a relaxed position for at least 10 minutes prior to providinga Sample.
E.4.6
The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select the Sample collection
kit/s required for collecting the Sample and to check that the selected
equipment has not been tampered with and the seals are intact. If theAthlete is not satisfied with a selected kit, he/she may select another. If theAthlete is not satisfied with any kits and no others are available, this shall berecorded by the DCO.
If the DCO does not agree with the Athlete that all of the available kits areunsatisfactory, the DCO shall instruct the Athlete to proceed with the Sample
Collection Session.
If the DCO agrees with the Athlete that all available kits are unsatisfactory,
the DCO shall terminate the collection of the Athlete’s blood Sample and thisshall be recorded by the DCO.
E.4.7
When a Sample collection kit has been selected, the DCO and theAthlete shall check that all code numbers match and that this code number isrecorded accurately by the DCO.
If the Athlete or DCO finds that the numbers are not the same, the DCO shallinstruct the Athlete to choose another kit. The DCO shall record the matter.
E.4.8
The Blood Collection Officer shall clean the skin with a sterile
disinfectant wipe or swab in a location unlikely to adversely affect the Athlete
or his/her performance and, if required, apply a tourniquet. The Blood
Collection Officer shall take the blood Sample from a superficial vein into thetube. The tourniquet, if applied, shall be immediately removed after the
venipuncture has been made.
E.4.9
The amount of blood removed shall be adequate to satisfy therelevant analytical requirements for the Sample analysis to be performed.
E.4.10If the amount of blood that can be removed from the Athlete at thefirst attempt is insufficient, the Blood Collection Officer shall repeat theprocedure. Maximum attempts shall be three. Should all attempts fail, thenthe Blood Collection Officer shall inform the DCO. The DCO shall terminate

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the collection of the blood Sample and record this and the reasons forterminating the collection.
E.4.11
site/s.

The Blood Collection Officer shall apply a dressing to the puncture

E.4.12The Blood Collection Officer shall dispose of used blood sampling
equipment not required for completing the Sample Collection Session inaccordance with the required local standards for handling blood.
E.4.13
If the Sample requires further on-site processing, such as
centrifugation or separation of serum, the Athlete shall remain to observe theSample until final sealing in secure, tamper-evident kit.
E.4.14The Athlete shall seal his/her Sample into the Sample collection kit
as directed by the DCO. In full view of the Athlete, the DCO shall check thatthe sealing is satisfactory.
E.4.15The sealed Sample shall be stored in a manner that protects its
integrity, identity and security prior to transport from the Doping Control
Station to the WADA accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by
WADA.

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Annex F - Urine Samples - Insufficient volume
F.1

Objective

To ensure that where a Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis is not provided,
appropriate procedures are followed.

F.2

Scope

The procedure begins with informing the Athlete that the Sample is not of
Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis and ends with the provision of a
Sample of sufficient volume.

F.3

Responsibility

The DCO has the responsibility for declaring the Sample volume insufficientand for collecting the additional Sample/s to obtain a combined Sample ofsufficient volume.

F.4

Requirements

F.4.1
If the Sample collected is of insufficient volume, the DCO shallinform the Athlete that a further Sample shall be collected to meet theSuitable Volume of Urine for Analysis requirements.
F.4.2
The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select partial Sample
Collection Equipment in accordance with Clause D.4.4.
F.4.3
The DCO shall then instruct the Athlete to open the relevant
equipment, pour the insufficient Sample into the container and seal it asdirected by the DCO. The DCO shall check, in full view of the Athlete, thatthe container has been properly sealed.
F.4.4
The DCO and the Athlete shall check that the equipment code
number and the volume and identity of the insufficient Sample are recorded
accurately by the DCO. Either the Athlete or the DCO shall retain control ofthe sealed partial Sample.
F.4.5
While waiting to provide an additional Sample, the Athlete shallremain under continuous observation and be given the opportunity tohydrate.
F.4.6
When the Athlete is able to provide an additional Sample, theprocedures for collection of the Sample shall be repeated as prescribed in
Annex D – Collection of urine Samples until a sufficient volume of urine will
be provided by combining the initial and additional Sample/s.

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F.4.7
When the DCO is satisfied that the requirements for Suitable
Volume of Urine for Analysis have been met, the DCO and Athlete shall checkthe integrity of the seal(s) on the partial Sample container(s) containing thepreviously provided insufficient Sample(s). Any irregularity with the integrityof the seal/s will be recorded by the DCO and investigated according toAnnex A – Investigating a Possible Failure to Comply.
F.4.8
The DCO shall then direct the Athlete to break the seal/s andcombine the Samples, ensuring that additional Samples are added
sequentially to the first entire Sample collected until, as a minimum, therequirement for Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis is met.
F.4.9
The DCO and Athlete shall then continue with Clause D.4.12 orClause D.4.14 as appropriate.
F.4.10The DCO shall check the residual urine to ensure that it meets therequirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis.
F.4.11Urine should only be discarded when both the A and B bottles havebeen filled to capacity in accordance with Clause D.4.1.4. The Suitable
Volume of Urine for Analysis shall be viewed as an absolute minimum.

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Annex G - Urine Samples that do not meet therequirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis
G.1

Objective

To ensure that when the urine Sample does not meet the requirement for
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, appropriate procedures are followed.

G.2

Scope

The procedure begins with the DCO informing the Athlete that a further
Sample is required and ends with the collection of a Sample that meets therequirements for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, or appropriate followup action by the ADO if required.

G.3

Responsibility

The ADO is responsible for establishing procedures to ensure that a suitable
Sample is collected. If the original Sample collected does not meet therequirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, the DCO is responsible
for collecting additional Samples until a suitable Sample is obtained.

G.4

Requirements

G.4.1
The DCO shall determine that the requirements for Suitable Specific
Gravity for Analysis have not been met.
G.4.2
The DCO shall inform the Athlete that he/she is required to provide
a further Sample.
G.4.3
While waiting to provide additional Samples, the Athlete shallremain under continuous observation.
G.4.4
The Athlete shall be encouraged not to hydrate excessively, since
this may delay the production of a suitable Sample.
G.4.5
When the Athlete is able to provide an additional Sample, the DCO
shall repeat the procedures for collection of the Sample as prescribed in
Annex D – Collection of urine Samples.
G.4.6
The DCO should continue to collect additional Samples until therequirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis is met, or until the DCO
determines that there are exceptional circumstances which mean that for
logistical reasons it is impossible to continue with the Sample Collection
Session. Such exceptional circumstances shall be documented accordingly
by the DCO.

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G.4.6 Comment: It is the responsibility of the Athlete to provide a Sample with a
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis. If his/her first Sample is too dilute, he/sheshould not need further hydration and therefore should avoid drinking as far as
possible until a Sample with a Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis is provided.
The DCO should wait as long as necessary to collect such a Sample. The ADO
may produce guidelines to be followed by the DCO in determining whether
exceptional circumstances exist that make it impossible to continue with the
Sample Collection Session.

G.4.7
The DCO shall record that the Samples collected belong to a single
Athlete and the order in which the Samples were provided.
G.4.8
The DCO shall then continue with the Sample Collection Session inaccordance with Clause D.4.16.
G.4.9
If it is determined that none of the Athlete’s Samples meets therequirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis and the DCO
determines that for logistical reasons it is impossible to continue with the
Sample Collection Session, the DCO may end the Sample Collection Session.
In such circumstances, if appropriate the ADO may investigate a possible
anti-doping rule violation.
G.4.10 The DCO shall send to the laboratory for analysis all Samples whichwere collected, irrespective of whether or not they meet the requirement for
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis.
G.4.11 The laboratory shall, in conjunction with the ADO, determine which
Samples shall be analyzed.

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Annex H - Sample Collection Personnel Requirements
H.1

Objective

To ensure that Sample Collection Personnel have no conflict of interest andhave adequate qualifications and experience to conduct Sample Collection
Sessions.

H.2

Scope

Sample Collection Personnel requirements start with the development of thenecessary competencies for Sample Collection Personnel and end with theprovision of identifiable accreditation.

H.3

Responsibility

The ADO has the responsibility for all activities defined in this Annex H.

H.4

Requirements - Qualifications and Training

H.4.1
The ADO shall determine the necessary competence andqualification requirements for the positions of Doping Control Officer,
Chaperone and Blood Collection Officer. The ADO shall develop duty
statements for all Sample Collection Personnel that outline their respective
responsibilities. As a minimum:a) Sample Collection Personnel shall not be Minors.
b) Blood Collection Officers shall have adequate qualifications andpractical skills required to perform blood collection from a vein.
H.4.2
The ADO shall ensure that Sample Collection Personnel that havean interest in the outcome of the collection or testing of a Sample from any
Athlete who might provide a Sample at a session are not appointed to that
Sample Collection Session. Sample Collection Personnel are deemed to havean interest in the collection of a Sample if they are:a) Involved in the planning of the sport for which Testing isbeing conducted; orb) Related to, or involved in the personal affairs of, any Athlete
who might provide a Sample at that session.

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H.4.3The ADO shall establish a system that ensures that Sample
Collection Personnel are adequately trained to carry out their duties.
H.4.3.1

The training program for Blood Collection Officers as a minimum
shall include studies of all relevant requirements of the Testingprocess and familiarization with relevant standard precautions inhealthcare settings.

H.4.3.2

The training program for Doping Control Officers as a minimum
shall include:a) Comprehensive theoretical training in different types of Testing
activities relevant to the Doping Control Officer position;b) Observation of all Doping Control activities related torequirements in this standard, preferably on site;c) The satisfactory performance of one complete Sample Collection
Session on site under observation by a qualified Doping Control
Officer or similar. The requirement related to actual passing of
Sample shall not be included in the on-site observations.

H.4.3.3

The training program for Chaperones shall include studies of all
relevant requirements of the Sample collection process.

H 4.4
The ADO shall maintain records of education, training, skills andexperience.

H.5
Requirements
delegation-

Accreditation,

re-accreditation

and

H.5.1
The ADO shall establish a system for accrediting and re-accrediting
Sample Collection Personnel.
H.5.2
The ADO shall ensure that Sample Collection Personnel havecompleted the training program and are familiar with the requirements ofthis International Standard for Testing before granting accreditation.
H.5.3
Accreditation shall only be valid for a maximum of two years.
Sample Collection Personnel shall be required to repeat a full training
program if they have not participated in Sample collection activities within
the year prior to re-accreditation.
H.5.4
Only Sample Collection Personnel that have an accreditation
recognised by the ADO shall be authorised by the ADO to conduct Sample
collection activities on behalf of the ADO.

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H.5.5 Doping Control Officers may personally perform any activities involvedin the Sample Collection Session, with the exception of blood collection
unless particularly qualified, or they may direct a Chaperone to perform
specified activities that fall within the scope of the Chaperone’s authorised
duties.

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