Additional Information for
Reference Emissions

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Establishment of reference emission
In the JCM, net emission reductions have to be ensured by setting reference
emissions below BaU or setting project emissions higher than real project emissions byimplementing the project.
For establishing such reference emission reductions market, share of the chillers inIndonesia was surveyed through interviews and the published report from BSRIA1.
Based on the survey, it is found that the chillers of Company A, Company B andCompany C, who operate worldwide, have a high market share in Indonesia.
Table 1 : Chiller Market in Indonesia (published report)
Source
BSRIA report

Information on Market Share
The top share manufacturers of chillers above the size of 100USRt inIndonesian market are (1st) Company A, (2nd) Company B and (3rd) Company
C. Though Company B is losing its share these years, these three still
dominate the chiller market in Indonesia.

Source : Report on Chillers Indonesia, BSRIA, March 2012
Note: Information in 2011. Not only centrifugal chillers, all other kinds of chillers are included in the market share
information.

Table 2 : Chiller Market in Indonesia (interview)SourcePT. Ebara
PT. Bayutama[Hitachi distributor]
PT. York

Information on Market ShareTop 3 manufactures, or Company A, C and B together have 80% of themarket share.
Top 3 manufactures have total 90% of the market share (Company C 35%,Company A 30% and Company B 25%)
Top 3 manufactures have total 85% of the market share, or Company A
35%, Company C 30% and Company D (Company D mainly produces
screw chillers)

Source: Interview survey was done by the Study Team (2013)

Generally speaking, it is assumed that the existing old type chiller that COP isapproximately 5.0 will be used continuously in case that the project is not implemented
because of avoiding new investment for chiller replacement/new installation of chiller.
In case of new installation, it is possible to assume that centrifugal type chiller ofCompany A and Company B will be chosen. This is because that, according to the1

BSRIA is a test, instruments, research and consultancy organisation, providing specialist services
in construction and building services.https://www.bsria.co.uk/

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survey, top 3 manufactures have dominant market share while the chiller of company C
may be omitted as it is equipped with a refrigerant which is decided to be phased out by
Montreal Protocol.
The following figure 1 shows the COPs of the chillers available in the Indonesianmarket. Representative COP values of Indonesian chiller market have been obtained,
one specified COP value for Company A and four specified COP values for Company B.
All data were surveyed in the same standard temperature conditions2.

6.2
65.8

Company A Chiller forIndonesian market

COP

5.6
5.4

Company B Chiller forIndonesian market

5.2
54.8
0250

500
750
1000
Cooling Capacity(USRt)

1250

1500Source : Based on the manufacturer’s information, Indonesian power specification etc., the above
figure was prepared.

Figure 1 : COP Values of Candidate Reference Chillers
It is known that the chillers with larger cooling capacity tend to have better energy
efficiency than ones with smaller capacity. Accordingly, the COPs are categorized basedon the cooling capacity ranges.
5 surveyed COP values are assumed to represent the COPs for each categorized
ranges as these chillers have high market share. The default COP values are set
conservatively in the following manner:
1. The COP value tends to increase as the cooling capacity become larger.
2. The reference COP, which has a certain cooling capacity, is set at a maximum value
in corresponding cooling capacity range.
3. The maximum values of COP in each cooling capacity ranges are defined as
COPRE_default as described in Table 3.

2

Chilled water: output : 7 degree Celsius, input : 12 degree Celsius
Cooling water: output : 37 degree Celsius, input : 32 degree Celsius

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Table 3 : Default COPRE_default
CoolingCapacity/unit(USRt)

x<300

300≦x<450450≦x<500500≦x<700700≦x<1,250

COPRE_default

4.92

5.33

5.59

5.85

5.94

Source: Study Team

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