Asia
1. Outline of the ProjectCountry:

Project title:

Republic of Indonesia

International Training Course on Sabo Engineering and Water Induced
Disaster Countermeasures

Issue/Sector:

Cooperation scheme:

Rivers/Sand Arrestment

Third-Country Training Program

Division in charge:

Total cost:

Southeast Asia Division, Regional Department I

25 Million Yen

Period of Cooperation

Partner Country's Implementing Organization:

Fiscal Year 1999 - 2001

Sabo Technical Center (STC)

Supporting Organization in Japan:
Former Ministry of Construction

Related Cooperation:
Project-type Technical Cooperation "Sabo Technical Center Project in Indonesia"
Third-country Training Program "Sabo Engineering (Erosion and Sediment Control Engineering)" and "Erosion and SedimentControl Engineering Course"

1-1 Background of the ProjectIndonesia has faced serious disaster problems caused by volcanic ejecta in high-population density areas, especially volcanic
mudflow disasters due to concentrated heavy rains during the monsoon season. Under these circumstances, the Government ofIndonesia requested cooperation from the Government of Japan. In response, the government of Japan established the Sabo
Technical Center, trained Sabo engineers, and developed Sabo technology in Indonesia. To disseminate these techniques toAsian and Pacific countries and to contribute to the solution of each country's similar problems, the Government of Indonesia incooperation with the Government of Japan implemented the Third-country Training Program, "Sabo Engineering (Erosion andSediment Control Engineering)" and "Erosion and Sediment Control Engineering Course". Having terminated the program, theparticipants and their organization requested an advanced course. Corresponding needs for training in surrounding countries
were also still high. Under these circumstances, the Government of Indonesia requested the Government of Japan to continue
the program with the additional subject of "Water Induced Disaster Countermeasures".

1-2 Project Overview
Through implementation of the training course in sabo engineering, the participants attained knowledge and techniques related
to Sabo Engineering and Water Induced Disaster Countermeasures, which also meet the need of each participating country.
(1) Overall Goal
1) Improvement of skill and knowledge in Sabo Engineering in the participant's country2) Improvement of capability in technology transfer of the implementing organization(2) Project Purpose
To improve the ability of participants from Asia and Pacific through an opportunity to update and upgrade relevant techniques
and knowledge by way of the project, and to contribute to finding a solution to the manifold problems related to Sabo
Engineering and Water Induced Disaster Countermeasures in line with the specific features of each country

(3) Outputs
1) The participants are expected to have acquired the essential knowledge and practical experience of Sabo Engineering andWater Induced Disaster Countermeasures and its related technology.
2) The participants are expected to have refreshed their understanding and improved their traditional technique relevant to Sabo
Engineering and Water Induced Disaster Countermeasures.
(4) Inputs
Japanese side:
Short-term Experts

4

Local Cost

20 Million YenIndonesian Side:Counterparts

about 20/year(5) Participant Countries
Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Tonga,
Samoa and Fiji.

2. Evaluation Team
Members of Evaluation JICA Indonesia officeTeam(Local consultant: PT. INDOKOEI INTERNATIONAL)
Period of Evaluation

19 February 2002 - 28
March 2002

Type of Evaluation:
Terminal Evaluation by Overseas Office

3. Results of Evaluation
3-1 Summary of Evaluation Results(1) RelevanceThe participants were involved in Sabo Engineering and Water Induced Disaster mainly on mountain roads. According toquestionnaire survey (responses of four trainees completing the course, four organizations and the implementing organization),
Seventy-five percent of the respondents said that the content of the curriculum was in line with the policy of each participant'scountry. Considering that of volcanic mudflow disasters caused by concentrated heavy rains in the monsoon season has been amajor problem in the Asia Pacific region, this Program had a high relevancy for the participants because the participants could
acquire the knowledge and practical techniques of Sabo Engineering and Water Induced Disaster Countermeasures through theProgram.
(2) EffectivenessAccording to the results of the questionnaire survey, Seventy-five percent of the participants responded that they almost fully(about 80-100%) understood the course content. The Implementing Organization mentioned that the achievement of the exparticipants was excellent at levels between 80 and 100%. The ex-participants also said that they were satisfied with the contentof the training. Based on the above indicators, it is considered that the participants acquired knowledge and practical techniquesof Sabo Engineering and Water Induced Disaster Countermeasures through the Training Program.
(3) Efficiency
According to the results of the questionnaire, seventy-five percent of the participants evaluated that the training activities(content of the curriculum, study tour, practical training in design, etc.) as having been conducted smoothly and efficiently
without any problems. The Implementing Organization said that they had no problems in budgeting, settling the training period
as planned. The three main benefits of the Training Program were that Sabo Engineering techniques were disseminated toAsian and Pacific area countries, that a network was formed among the developing countries, and that the Sabo Engineeringtechniques were strengthened.
(4) Impact
The knowledge and skills acquired through the course were applicable to the ongoing projects of the participant's organization
and utilized in their daily work. The organizations evaluated in their response that, particularly, young participants showed arapid development of ability. The main benefits for the implementing organization were that they were able to disseminate theknowledge of Sabo technology to other countries in the region, improve the network among developing countries, andstrengthen the functions of the Sabo Training Center.
(5) Sustainability
The ex-participants said that the knowledge and skills acquired through the course were disseminated in their own countries
through their daily work, seminars, workshops, exhibitions of textbooks, etc. Unfortunately, according to the result of thequestioner survey, 75 percent of the respondents said they have some problems in utilizing the knowledge and skills which theyacquired through the course due to the lack of equipment and funds. Therefore, without budgetary support in their own country,
it would be difficult for the participants to disseminate and utilize their acquired knowledge and techniques at home. The
Implementing Organization also stated that there was no possibility of organizing a similar course by itself because of the lack offinancial support. It will be necessary to provide some financial support to continue the training course at the international level.

3-2 Factors that promoted realization of effects(1) Factors concerning Planning
N/A(2) Factors concerning the Implementation Process
N/A

3-3 Factors that impeded realization of effects(1) Factors concerning Planning
N/A(2) Factors concerning the Implementation Process
1) Even though the implementing organization has implemented other national level Sabo Engineering courses, they facedifficulties in securing the budget for continuing the Third Country Training Program, since the Course is an international level
one and requires larger expenditures.
2) The lack of budget, facility and equipment of each participating country hinders the dissemination of the knowledge andtechniques.

3-4 Conclusion
The Training Course produced some achievement at participant level or in their organizations. The content of the Program wasin line with the needs of Indonesia and other participating countries, and the former participants played an active role in theirorganization or country. However, because the participating countries lacked a sufficient budget, facilities and equipment, there
remained concern about the dissemination of the acquired knowledge and techniques during the Training Program.

3-5 Recommendations
1) The Implementing Organization should consider well-balanced training activities such as lectures, country reports, study
tours, practice, panel discussions and observations.
2) JICA should donate up-to-date presentation equipment and should dispatch lecturers who are highly proficient in English.
3) The Sabo Technical Center should monitor the dissemination of skills, knowledge and technology attained in the Course
through close coordination with former participants. The problems encountered should be considered as feedback for the next
training materials.
4) For sustainability of the Course benefits, Third Country Governments should support the participants by providing equipment
and funds for application of the skill, knowledge and technology in field work. The third Country Government should conduct
seminars, workshops and training in this field of study for the dissemination of the knowledge and the technology.

3-6 Lessons Learned
1) For improvement of the knowledge and techniques through the case studies of each country, the exchange of information
should be promoted among the former participants.
2) For better implementation, the implementing organization should send the materials and textbooks to trainees much earlier sothey have sufficient time for preparation.

3-7 Follow-up Situation
N/A