The World Anti-Doping CodeTHE 2006
PROHIBITED LISTINTERNATIONAL
STANDARD

The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be
published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English
and French versions, the English version shall prevail.

This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2006.

THE 2006 PROHIBITED LISTWORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE
Valid 1 January 2006

The use of any drug should be limited to medically justified
indications
SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES(IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCESS1. ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic agents are prohibited.
1.

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

a. Exogenous* AAS, including:1-androstendiol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol ); 1-androstendione (5αandrost-1-ene-3,17-dione); bolandiol (19-norandrostenediol); bolasterone;boldenone; boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione); calusterone;clostebol; danazol (17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4-eno[2,3-d]isoxazole);
dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta1,4-dien-3-one); desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en17β-ol); drostanolone; ethylestrenol (19-nor-17α-pregn-4-en-17-ol);fluoxymesterone; formebolone; furazabol (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5αandrostano[2,3-c]-furazan); gestrinone;
4-hydroxytestosterone (4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one); mestanolone;
mesterolone; metenolone; methandienone (17β-hydroxy-17αmethylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one); methandriol; methasterone (2α, 17αdimethyl-5α-androstane-3-one-17β-ol); methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17αmethylestra-4,9-dien-3-one); methyl-1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl5α-androst-1-en-3-one); methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr4-en-3-one); methyltrienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3one); methyltestosterone; mibolerone; nandrolone; 19norandrostenedione (estr-4-ene-3,17-dione); norboletone; norclostebol;
norethandrolone; oxabolone; oxandrolone; oxymesterone; oxymetholone;
prostanozol ([3,2-c]pyrazole-5α-etioallocholane-17β-tetrahydropyranol);quinbolone; stanozolol; stenbolone; 1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

2androst-1-en-3-one); tetrahydrogestrinone (18a-homo-pregna-4,9,11-trien17β-ol-3-one); trenbolone and other substances with a similar chemical
structure or similar biological effect(s).
b. Endogenous** AAS:
androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol); androstenedione (androst-4-ene3,17-dione); dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one) ;prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA); testosterone
and the following metabolites and isomers:
5α-androstane-3α,17α-diol; 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol; 5α-androstane3β,17α-diol; 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol; androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol;
androst-4-ene-3α,17β-diol; androst-4-ene-3β,17α-diol; androst-5-ene3α,17α-diol; androst-5-ene-3α,17β-diol; androst-5-ene-3β,17α-diol;
4-androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol); 5-androstenedione (androst-5ene-3,17-dione); epi-dihydrotestosterone; 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17one; 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one; 19-norandrosterone; 19noretiocholanolone.
Where an anabolic androgenic steroid is capable of being produced endogenously,a Sample will be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance where theconcentration of such Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or
any other relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete’s Sample so deviates from the range ofvalues normally found in humans that it is unlikely to be consistent with normal
endogenous production. A Sample shall not be deemed to contain a Prohibited
Substance in any such case where an Athlete proves that the concentration of theProhibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or the relevant ratio(s) in
the Athlete’s Sample is attributable to a physiological or pathological condition.
In all cases, and at any concentration, the Athlete’s sample will be deemed tocontain a Prohibited Substance and the laboratory will report an Adverse
Analytical Finding if, based on any reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS), thelaboratory can show that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin. In suchcase, no further investigation is necessary.
If a value in the range of levels normally found in humans is reported and thereliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not determined the exogenous origin of
the substance, but if there are serious indications, such as a comparison toreference steroid profiles, of a possible Use of a Prohibited Substance, further
investigation shall be conducted by the relevant Anti-Doping Organization byreviewing the results of any previous test(s) or by conducting subsequent test(s),in order to determine whether the result is due to a physiological or pathologicalcondition, or has occurred as a consequence of the exogenous origin of a
Prohibited Substance.

The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

3

When a laboratory has reported a T/E ratio greater than four (4) to one (1) andany reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) applied has not determined theexogenous origin of the substance, further investigation may be conducted by areview of previous tests or by conducting subsequent test(s), in order todetermine whether the result is due to a physiological or pathological condition, orhas occurred as a consequence of the exogenous origin of a Prohibited Substance.
If a laboratory reports, using an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS),
that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin, no further investigation isnecessary and the Sample will be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance.
When an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not been appliedand a minimum of three previous test results are not available, the relevant AntiDoping Organization shall test the Athlete with no advance notice at least threetimes within a three-month period. If the longitudinal profile of the Athlete that issubject to the subsequent tests is not physiologically normal, the result shall bereported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
In extremely rare individual cases, boldenone of endogenous origin can beconsistently found at very low nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) levels in urine.
When such a very low concentration of boldenone is reported by a laboratory andany reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) applied has not determined theexogenous origin of the substance, further investigation may be conducted by areview of previous tests or by conducting subsequent test(s). When an additionalreliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not been applied, a minimum of three
no advance notice tests in a period of three months shall be conducted by therelevant Anti-Doping Organization. If the longitudinal profile of the Athlete who issubject to the subsequent tests is not physiologically normal, the result shall bereported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
For 19-norandrosterone, an Adverse Analytical Finding reported by a laboratory is
considered to be scientific and valid proof of exogenous origin of the Prohibited
Substance. In such case, no further investigation is necessary.
Should an Athlete fail to cooperate in the investigations, the Athlete’s Sample
shall be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance.

Other Anabolic Agents, including but not limited to:
Clenbuterol, tibolone, zeranol, zilpaterol.
For purposes of this section:*“exogenous” refers to a substance which is not ordinarily capable of being
produced by the body naturally.
**“endogenous” refers to a substance which is capable of being produced by thebody naturally.

The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

4

S2. HORMONES AND RELATED SUBSTANCES
The following substances, including other substances with a similar chemical
structure or similar biological effect(s), and their releasing factors, are prohibited:
1. Erythropoietin (EPO);2. Growth Hormone (hGH), Insulin-like Growth Factors (e.g. IGF-1),
Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs);
3. Gonadotrophins (LH, hCG), prohibited in males only;
4. Insulin;
5. Corticotrophins.
Unless the Athlete can demonstrate that the concentration was due to aphysiological or pathological condition, a Sample will be deemed to contain aProhibited Substance (as listed above) where the concentration of the Prohibited
Substance or its metabolites and/or relevant ratios or markers in the Athlete’sSample so exceeds the range of values normally found in humans that it isunlikely to be consistent with normal endogenous production.
If a laboratory reports, using a reliable analytical method, that the Prohibited
Substance is of exogenous origin, the Sample will be deemed to contain a
Prohibited Substance and shall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
The presence of other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar
biological effect(s), diagnostic marker(s) or releasing factors of a hormone listed
above or of any other finding which indicate(s) that the substance detected is ofexogenous origin, will be deemed to reflect the use of a Prohibited Substance andshall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.

S3. BETA-2 AGONISTSAll beta-2 agonists including their D- and L-isomers are prohibited.
As an exception, formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline, whenadministered by inhalation, require an abbreviated Therapeutic Use Exemption.
Despite the granting of any form of Therapeutic Use Exemption, a concentrationof salbutamol (free plus glucuronide) greater than 1000 ng/mL will be considered
an Adverse Analytical Finding unless the athlete proves that the abnormal result
was the consequence of the therapeutic use of inhaled salbutamol.

S4. AGENTS WITH ANTI-ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY
The following classes of anti-estrogenic substances are prohibited:

The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

5

1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to, anastrozole,letrozole, aminoglutethimide, exemestane, formestane, testolactone.
2. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) including, but notlimited to, raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene.
3. Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not limited to,clomiphene, cyclofenil, fulvestrant.

S5. DIURETICS AND OTHER MASKING AGENTS
Masking agents include but are not limited to:Diuretics*, epitestosterone, probenecid, alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g.
finasteride, dutasteride), plasma expanders (e.g. albumin, dextran,hydroxyethyl starch).
Diuretics include:
acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlorthalidone,
etacrynic acid, furosemide, indapamide, metolazone, spironolactone,
thiazides (e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide),triamterene, and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar
biological effect(s) (except for drosperinone, which is not prohibited).
*A Therapeutic Use Exemption is not valid if an Athlete’s urine contains a diuretic
in association with threshold or sub-threshold levels of a Prohibited
Substance(s).

The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

6

PROHIBITED METHODS
M1. ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN TRANSFER
The following are prohibited:a.

Blood doping, including the use of autologous, homologous or heterologous
blood or red blood cell products of any origin.

b.

Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen, including
but not limited to perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified
haemoglobin
products(e.g.
haemoglobin-based
bloodsubstitutes,microencapsulated haemoglobin products).

M2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATIONa.

Tampering, or attempting to tamper, in order to alter the integrity andvalidity of Samples collected during Doping Controls is prohibited. These
include but are not limited to catheterisation, urine substitution and/oralteration.

b.

Intravenous infusions are prohibited, except as a legitimate acute medicaltreatment.

M3. GENE DOPING
The non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements, or of the modulation ofgene expression, having the capacity to enhance athletic performance, isprohibited.

The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

7SUBSTANCES AND METHODSPROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION
In addition to the categories S1 to S5 and M1 to M3 defined above,
the following categories are prohibited in competition:

PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S6. STIMULANTS
The following stimulants are prohibited, including both their optical (D- and L-)
isomers where relevant:Adrafinil, adrenaline*, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine,amphetaminil, benzphetamine, bromantan, carphedon, cathine**,clobenzorex, cocaine, cropropamide, crotetamide, cyclazodone,
dimethylamphetamine, ephedrine***, etamivan, etilamphetamine,
etilefrine, famprofazone, fenbutrazate, fencamfamin, fencamine,
fenetylline, fenfluramine, fenproporex, furfenorex, heptaminol,
isometheptene, levmethamfetamine, meclofenoxate, mefenorex,
mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine (D-),
methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, pmethylamphetamine, methylephedrine***, methylphenidate, modafinil,
nikethamide, norfenefrine, norfenfluramine, octopamine, ortetamine,oxilofrine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, pentetrazol,phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, phenpromethamine, phentermine,
prolintane, propylhexedrine, selegiline, sibutramine, strychnine and othersubstances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s)****.
* Adrenaline associated with local anaesthetic agents or by local administration(e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic) is not prohibited.
** Cathine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5micrograms per milliliter.
*** Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is prohibited when its
concentration in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per milliliter.
**** The following substances included in the 2006 Monitoring Program(bupropion,caffeine,phenylephrine,phenylpropanolamine,pipradol,pseudoephedrine, synephrine) are not considered as Prohibited Substances.

The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

8

S7. NARCOTICS
The following narcotics are prohibited:buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), fentanyl and its
derivatives, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone,oxymorphone, pentazocine, pethidine.

S8. CANNABINOIDS
Cannabinoids (e.g. hashish, marijuana) are prohibited.

S9. GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS
All glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered orally, rectally,intravenously or intramuscularly. Their use requires a Therapeutic Use Exemption
approval.
Except as indicated below, other routes of administration require an abbreviated
Therapeutic Use Exemption.
Topical preparations when used for dermatological, aural/otic, nasal, buccal cavity
and ophthalmologic disorders are not prohibited and do not require any form of
Therapeutic Use Exemption.

The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

9

SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULARSPORTS
P1. ALCOHOL
Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited in-competition only, in the following sports.
Detection will be conducted by analysis of breath and/or blood. The dopingviolation threshold for each Federation is reported in parenthesis.
••
•
•
•

Aeronautic (FAI)
Archery (FITA, IPC)
Automobile (FIA)Billiards (WCBS)
Boules (CMSB,IPC bowls)(0.20 g/L)
(0.10 g/L)
(0.10 g/L)
(0.20 g/L)
(0.10 g/L)••••

Karate (WKF)(0.10 g/L)
Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) (0.10 g/L)
for disciplines involving shooting
Motorcycling (FIM)(0.10 g/L)
Powerboating (UIM)(0.30 g/L)

P2. BETA-BLOCKERS
Unless otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited in-competition only, inthe following sports.
••
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Aeronautic (FAI)
Archery (FITA, IPC) (also prohibited
out-of-competition)
Automobile (FIA)Billiards (WCBS)
Bobsleigh (FIBT)Boules (CMSB, IPC bowls)
Bridge (FMB)
Chess (FIDE)
Curling (WCF)
Gymnastics (FIG)
Motorcycling (FIM)

••
•••
•

Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) for
disciplines involving shooting
Nine-pin bowling (FIQ)
Sailing (ISAF) for match racehelms only
Shooting (ISSF, IPC) (alsoprohibited out-of-competition)
Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski
jumping, freestyle aerials/halfpipe
and snowboard halfpipe/big air
Wrestling (FILA)

Beta-blockers include, but are not limited to, the following:
acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol,carvedilol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol,metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.

The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

10

SPECIFIED SUBSTANCES*“Specified Substances”* are listed below:
••
•••
•
•

All inhaled Beta-2 Agonists, except clenbuterol;
Probenecid;
Cathine, cropropamide, crotetamide, ephedrine, etamivan, famprofazone,
heptaminol, isometheptene, levmethamfetamine, meclofenoxate,p-methylamphetamine, methylephedrine, nikethamide, norfenefrine,octopamine, ortetamine, oxilofrine, phenpromethamine, propylhexedrine,selegiline, sibutramine;
Cannabinoids;
All Glucocorticosteroids;
Alcohol;
All Beta Blockers.

* “The Prohibited List may identify specified substances which are particularly
susceptible to unintentional anti-doping rule violations because of their generalavailability in medicinal products or which are less likely to be successfully abused
as doping agents.” A doping violation involving such substances may result in a
reduced sanction provided that the “…Athlete can establish that the Use of such a
specified substance was not intended to enhance sport performance…”

The Prohibited List 2006
19 September 2005

11