The World Anti-Doping CodeTHE 2014
PROHIBITED LISTINTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be
published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English
and French versions, the English version shall prevail.

This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2014

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THE 2014 PROHIBITED LISTWORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE
Valid 1 January 2014

In accordance with Article 4.2.2 of the World Anti-Doping Code,all Prohibited Substances shall be considered as “SpecifiedSubstances” except Substances in classes S1, S2, S4.4, S4.5,
S6.a, and Prohibited Methods M1, M2 and M3.

SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES(IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)

PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S0. NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES
Any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of thesubsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any
governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.gdrugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designerdrugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited at alltimes.
S1. ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic agents are prohibited.
1.

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

a. Exogenous* AAS, including:1-androstenediol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol ); 1-androstenedione (5αandrost-1-ene-3,17-dione); bolandiol (estr-4-ene-3β,17β-diol ); bolasterone;boldenone; boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione); calusterone;clostebol; danazol ([1,2]oxazolo[4',5':2,3]pregna-4-en-20-yn-17α-ol);
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11 September 20132dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta1,4-dien-3-one); desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en17β-ol); drostanolone; ethylestrenol (19-norpregna-4-en-17α-ol);fluoxymesterone; formebolone; furazabol (17αmethyl[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3',4':2,3]-5α-androstan-17β-ol); gestrinone; 4hydroxytestosterone (4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one); mestanolone;
mesterolone; metandienone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3one); metenolone; methandriol; methasterone (17β-hydroxy-2α,17αdimethyl-5α-androstan-3-one); methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17αmethylestra-4,9-dien-3-one); methyl-1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl5α-androst-1-en-3-one); methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr4-en-3-one); methyltestosterone; metribolone (methyltrienolone, 17βhydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one); mibolerone; nandrolone; 19norandrostenedione (estr-4-ene-3,17-dione); norboletone; norclostebol;
norethandrolone; oxabolone; oxandrolone; oxymesterone; oxymetholone;
prostanozol (17β-[(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy]-1'H-pyrazolo[3,4:2,3]-5αandrostane); quinbolone; stanozolol; stenbolone; 1-testosterone (17βhydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one); tetrahydrogestrinone (17-hydroxy-18ahomo-19-nor-17α-pregna-4,9,11-trien-3-one); trenbolone (17β-hydroxyestr4,9,11-trien-3-one); and other substances with a similar chemical structure orsimilar biological effect(s).
b. Endogenous** AAS when administered exogenously:
androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol); androstenedione (androst-4-ene3,17-dione); dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one);prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA, 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one);
testosterone;
and their metabolites and isomers, including but not limited to:
5α-androstane-3α,17α-diol; 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol; 5α-androstane3β,17α-diol; 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol; androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol;
androst-4-ene-3α,17β-diol; androst-4-ene-3β,17α-diol; androst-5-ene3α,17α-diol; androst-5-ene-3α,17β-diol; androst-5-ene-3β,17α-diol;
4-androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol); 5-androstenedione (androst-5ene-3,17-dione); epi-dihydrotestosterone; epitestosterone;
etiocholanolone; 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one; 3β-hydroxy-5αandrostan-17-one; 7α-hydroxy-DHEA ; 7β-hydroxy-DHEA ; 7-keto-DHEA;
19-norandrosterone; 19-noretiocholanolone.

2. Other Anabolic Agents, including but not limited to:
Clenbuterol, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), tibolone,zeranol, zilpaterol.

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For purposes of this section:* “exogenous” refers to a substance which is not ordinarily produced by the bodynaturally.
** “endogenous” refers to a substance which is ordinarily produced by the bodynaturally.

S2. PEPTIDESUBSTANCESHORMONES,GROWTH

FACTORSAND

RELATEDThe following substances, and other substances with similar chemical structure orsimilar biological effect(s), are prohibited:
1. Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents [e.g. erythropoietin (EPO),
darbepoetin (dEPO), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers,
methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA), peginesatide(Hematide)];2. Chorionic Gonadotrophin (CG) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) andtheir releasing factors, in males;
3. Corticotrophins and their releasing factors;
4. Growth Hormone (GH) and its releasing factors and Insulin-like
Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1).
In addition, the following growth factors are prohibited
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF),
Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor(PDGF), Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) as well as anyother growth factor affecting muscle, tendon or ligament protein
synthesis/degradation, vascularisation, energy utilization, regenerative
capacity or fibre type switching;and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).

S3. BETA-2 AGONISTSAll beta-2 agonists, including all optical isomers (e.g. d- and l-) where relevant,are prohibited except inhaled salbutamol (maximum 1600 micrograms over 24hours), inhaled formoterol (maximum delivered dose 54 micrograms over 24hours) and salmeterol when taken by inhalation in accordance with themanufacturers’ recommended therapeutic regimen.
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4

The presence in urine of salbutamol in excess of 1000 ng/mL or formoterol inexcess of 40 ng/mL is presumed not to be an intended therapeutic use of thesubstance and will be considered as an Adverse Analytical Finding unless theAthlete proves, through a controlled pharmacokinetic study, that the abnormal
result was the consequence of the use of the therapeutic inhaled dose up to themaximum indicated above.

S4. HORMONE AND METABOLIC MODULATORSThe following are prohibited:
1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to: aminoglutethimide,
anastrozole, androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione(androstatrienedione), 4-androstene-3,6,17 trione (6-oxo),
exemestane, formestane, letrozole, testolactone.
2. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) including, but notlimited to: raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene.
3. Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not limited to:clomiphene, cyclofenil, fulvestrant.
4. Agents modifying myostatin function(s) including, but not limited, to:myostatin inhibitors.
5. Metabolic modulators:a) Insulinsb) Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor δ (PPARδ) agonists(e.g. GW 1516), PPARδ-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) axisagonists (e.g. AICAR)

S5. DIURETICS AND OTHER MASKING AGENTS
Masking agents are prohibited. They include:
Diuretics, desmopressin, plasma expanders (e.g. glycerol; intravenous
administration of albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and mannitol),probenecid; and other substances with similar biological effect(s).
Local administration of felypressin in dental anaesthesia is not prohibited.
Diuretics include:
Acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlortalidone,
etacrynic acid, furosemide, indapamide, metolazone, spironolactone,
thiazides (e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide),triamterene, vaptans (e.g. tolvaptan); and other substances with a similar

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chemical structure or similar biological effect(s) (except drospirenone, pamabrom
and topical dorzolamide and brinzolamide, which are not prohibited).
The use In- and Out-of-Competition, as applicable, of any quantity of a substancesubject to threshold limits (i.e. formoterol, salbutamol, cathine, ephedrine,
methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine) in conjunction with a diuretic or othermasking agent requires the deliverance of a specific Therapeutic Use Exemption
for that substance in addition to the one granted for the diuretic or other masking
agent.

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PROHIBITED METHODS
M1. MANIPULATION OF BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS
The following are prohibited:1.

The administration or reintroduction of any quantity of autologous, allogenic(homologous) or heterologous blood or red blood cell products of any origin
into the circulatory system.

2.

Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen, including,but not limited to, perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified
haemoglobin products (e.g. haemoglobin-based blood substitutes,
microencapsulated haemoglobin products), excluding supplemental oxygen.

3.

Any form of intravascular manipulation of the blood or blood components byphysical or chemical means.

M2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION
The following are prohibited:
1.

Tampering, or attempting to tamper, in order to alter the integrity andvalidity of Samples collected during Doping Control. These include but are
not limited to urine substitution and/or adulteration (e.g. proteases).

2.

Intravenous infusions and/or injections of more than 50 mL per 6 hour period
except for those legitimately received in the course of hospital admissions orclinical investigations.

M3. GENE DOPING
The following, with the potential to enhance sport performance, are prohibited:
1.

The transfer of polymers of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogues;

2.

The use of normal or genetically modified cells.

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SUBSTANCES AND METHODSPROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION
In addition to the categories S0 to S5 and M1 to M3 defined above,
the following categories are prohibited In-Competition:

PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S6. STIMULANTS
All stimulants, including all optical isomers (e.g. d- and l-) where relevant, areprohibited, except imidazole derivatives for topical use and those stimulants
included in the 2014 Monitoring Program*.
Stimulants include:
a: Non-Specified Stimulants:
Adrafinil; amfepramone; amfetamine; amfetaminil; amiphenazole;
benfluorex; benzylpiperazine; bromantan; clobenzorex; cocaine;
cropropamide; crotetamide; fencamine; fenetylline; fenfluramine;
fenproporex; fonturacetam [4-phenylpiracetam (carphedon)];furfenorex; mefenorex; mephentermine; mesocarb; metamfetamine(d-);
p-methylamphetamine; modafinil; norfenfluramine; phendimetrazine;phenmetrazine; phentermine; prenylamine; prolintane.
A stimulant not expressly listed in this section is a Specified Substance.
b: Specified Stimulants (examples):Benzfetamine; cathine**; cathinone and its analogues (e.g. mephedrone,methedrone, α- pyrrolidinovalerophenone); dimethylamphetamine;ephedrine***; epinephrine**** (adrenaline); etamivan; etilamfetamine;
etilefrine; famprofazone; fenbutrazate; fencamfamin; heptaminol;hydroxyamfetamine (parahydroamphetamine); isometheptene;
levmetamfetamine; meclofenoxate; methylenedioxymethamphetamine;
methylephedrine***; methylhexaneamine (dimethylpentylamine);
methylphenidate; nikethamide; norfenefrine; octopamine; oxilofrine(methylsynephrine); pemoline; pentetrazol; phenpromethamine;
propylhexedrine; pseudoephedrine*****; selegiline; sibutramine;
strychnine; tenamfetamine (methylenedioxyamphetamine);trimetazidine; tuaminoheptane; and other substances with a similar chemical
structure or similar biological effect(s).
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The following substances included in the 2014 Monitoring Program (bupropion,caffeine, nicotine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradol, synephrine) are
not considered as Prohibited Substances.
**
Cathine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5
micrograms per milliliter.
***
Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is prohibited when its concentrationin urine is greater than 10 micrograms per milliliter.
****
Local administration (e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic) of epinephrine(adrenaline) or co-administration with local anaesthetic agents is not prohibited.
*****
Pseudoephedrine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greaterthan 150 micrograms per milliliter.

S7. NARCOTICS
The following are prohibited:
Buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), fentanyl and its
derivatives, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone,oxymorphone, pentazocine, pethidine.

S8. CANNABINOIDSNatural (e.g. cannabis, hashish, marijuana) or synthetic delta 9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabimimetics (e.g. “Spice”, JWH018,
JWH073, HU-210) are prohibited.

S9. GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS
All glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered by oral, intravenous,
intramuscular or rectal routes.

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SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULARSPORTS
P1. ALCOHOL
Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited In-Competition only, in the following sports.
Detection will be conducted by analysis of breath and/or blood. The doping
violation threshold is equivalent to a blood alcohol concentration of 0.10 g/L.
•••

Air Sports (FAI)
Archery (WA)
Automobile (FIA)•••

Karate (WKF)
Motorcycling (FIM)
Powerboating (UIM)

P2. BETA-BLOCKERS
Unless otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited In-Competition only, inthe following sports.
••
•
••
•
•

Archery (WA) (also prohibited Out-of-Competition)
Automobile (FIA)Billiards (all disciplines) (WCBS)
Darts (WDF)
Golf (IGF)
Shooting (ISSF, IPC) (also prohibited Out-of-Competition)
Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski jumping, freestyle aerials/halfpipe andsnowboard halfpipe/big air

Beta-blockers include, but are not limited to, the following:
Acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol,carvedilol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol,metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.

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