IDF Outreach Meeting, December 3, 2015

The Experimental Project of DOI
Registration for Research Dataat Japan Link Center (JaLC)
Hideaki Takeda
Chair, Joint Steering Committee, Japan Link Center(National Institute of Informatics)
takeda@nii.ac.jp
ORCID: 0000-0002-2909-7163

Architecture of data sharing
Systematic Integration across the layers
Interoperability on each layer

Identifier
Metadata Schema

Metadata
Data
FormatRepository
2Architecture of data sharing
Identifier 管理 Organization, systems, ID federation
スORCID

FundRef

Schema Description Language, collection and sharing, conversion

Metadata Schema Organization

DataCite CrossRef

Metadata

DOI

SystemSchema

JaLC

Dublin Core DCAT

Technology

CKAN Linked Data

Metadata Description Language, Collectoin and sharing, Conversion

Data
FormatRepository

System Development, Community

Dspace Fedora Weko

Coordination and Competition

3

DOI

4

DOI in Architecture of Data Sharing
Identifier 管理

DOI
JaLC Metadata Schemaス
Metadata Schema

Metadata ç√ç√

DataCite Metadata Schema

JaLC

Domain-specificmetadata schemata

DataCite

Data
FormatMembers (data providers)

Repository
5

DOI (Digital Object Identifier)• Service to translate DOI names to URIs
containing digital objects• Service managed by International DOI
Foundation (IDF)• Initially started by STM publishers to shareidentifiers for digital publications• Distributed management– Delegation of registration tasks to Registration
Agencies (RAs)6

Management Structure of DOI• There Layers: International DOI Foundation (IDF), Registration
Agency (RA), members• RAs contributes to IDF by registration to Registry DBs,
management of Registry DBs, and members fees
• RAs offers services for DOI registration to their members• Members can register DOIs to their digital objects throughRAsIDFRAsCrossRefMembersPublishersPublishersPublishersPublishers

DataCite

LibraryUniversityResearchInstitute

JaLC

Academic
PublisherUniversity
Society7

Roles of DOI• Provide resolvable, persistent, interoperable
links– Resolvable: standard syntax + mapping by handlesystem– Persistent• Technically: management of registry DBs• Socially: organizational operations and duties formembers– Interoperability: sharing datamodel
8

Registration Agencies (RAs)
Airiti, Inc.

CrossRef

EIDR (Entertainment IdentifierRegistry)

ISTIC (The Institute of
Scientific and Technical
Information of China)

China National Knowledge
Infrastructure (CNKI)

DataCite

JaLC (Japan Link Center)

mEDRA (Multilingual European
DOI Registration Agency)

OP (Publications Office of the European Union)

9Japan Link Center (JaLC)• Founded in March 2012
• Aimed to register DOIs for academic contents produced
in Japan or in Japanese, to circulate information in Japan and overseas.
• Controlled by four national organizations:Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
National Institute of Informatics (NII)
National Diet Library (NDL)• Operated by JST• Membership system (Academic societies, Publishers, University libraries,etc)– 24 Members, 950 Associate members• External coordination

JaLC is a member of CrossRef and DataCite(Mar. 2014)
Over 1,300,000 DOI registered
10Number of DOIs
JaLC DOI
940,000

CrossRef DOI(via JaLC)

1,590,000
1,575,000
1,560,000
1,545,000
1,530,000
1,515,000
1,500,000
1,485,000
1,470,000
1,455,000
1,440,000

840,000
740,000
640,000
540,000
440,000
340,000
2013,3 2013,5 2013,7 2013,9 2013,11 2014,1 2014,3 2014,5 2014,7

2012,122013,32013,6

2013,92013,12

2014,32014,6※ J-STAGE Article：90,000+ 200,000 (JaLC DOI)
+20,000 (CrossRef DOI)
(Collective registration for the articles which had not been registered DOI)

※National Diet Library’s Doctoral Thesis：140,000
Total amount of DOIs: 2,427,391 (at the end of July 2014)11Content categories
Category
Journal articles
Journal articles

Dec.2012 -University bulletins

Sep.2014 -Conference proceedings

Mar.2012 -Books
Books

Jan.2015 -Doctoral theses

Mar.2014 -Reports
Technical reports

Jan.2015 -Governmental reports

Jan.2015 -Research data

Jan.2015 -e-learning resources

Jan.2015 12

DOI Registration Flow
Data
ArticleDOI
CrossRef DOI

DOI+CrossRef Matadata+Article Matadata

DOIIDF

JaLCMem.
DOI+Data Metadata

DOI- JaLC- CrossRef- DataCiteMetadata

DataCite DOI+DataCite Metadata

DOI13

Metadata Schemata
NoContents type

Additional Metadata

External Deposit

1

Journal Article

journal name, ISSN, volume, number, title, CrossRef
page, etc.

2Bookseries title, chapter , ISBN, etc.

CrossRef

3

Research Data

size, geolocation, rights, signature, etc.

DataCite

4E-learning

Learning Resource type, rights, etc.

5Other(Basic metadata only)

Basic metadata:
DOI, URL, title, author information, affiliation, researcher id,
publication date, publisher, edition, related contents, funder

14

The Experimental Project of DOIRegistration for Research Data
• Goal− Establish operation flows to register DOIs forresearch data

• Objectives− Set policies in registering DOIs for research data
− Establish operation flows to register DOIs forresearch data with JaLC system.
− Test Data DOI registrations− October 2014 – October 201515

Project Organization
Steering
Committee
ProjectManager
Sub
Manager
Technicaladvisory

Support ->Participant

ReportHideaki Takeda (NII)
Yasuhiro Murayama (NICT)<-Support

Participant

Secretariat

ParticipantParticipants are supposed to be research institutes, universities, etc.
and chosen by public invitation.

16

Members of the project

9 projects with 14 organizations

17

Members of the project••••

National Bioscience Database Center (NBDC), Japan Science and TechnologyAgency (JST)National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR)
National Institute of Informatics (NII)
DIAS-P Project (National Institute of Informatics (NII))
––––

•
•

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)–––––•••

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
University of Tokyo
Kyoto University
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

Kyoto University
National Institute of Informatics (NII)
InfoProto Co.,Ltd.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR)

Chiba University Library
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
Neuroinformatics Japan Center, Brain Science Institute (BSI), RIKEN

18

Schedule
2014
AUG

2015
SEP

OCT

NOV

DECJAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

Public invitation
for the project
Design of experiments
Test of DOI Registration

DOI
registration
Interim report

Final report

Meeting
Study Mtg.

Outreach Mtg.

Mid-term
Report Mtg.

19

Results• Practice of DOI Registration by Project members– System Integration• Registration via API from the institutional systems– Practical Use• Experimental (to be removed)• Trial (to be maintained)• Documentations– Guideline for Research Data DOI Registration– Project Report20

21

System Integration• National Institute of Polar Researchwith Artic Data archive System

22System Integration• National Institute for Material Science (NIMS)– with NIMS eSciDoc
Work Flow and data flow at NIMS eSciDoc
1. Login

3. Publishing

2. Upload

NIMS Staff
LDAPLogin

DOI Management
by ORICID
System Login

Item
UploadRequest ofJaLC DOI

Publish items at
NIMS eSciDoc

NIMS eSciDoc DOI Management System
Save JaLC DOI at
NIMS eSciDoc
Save NIMS eSciDoc
URL at DOI Mgmt
Sys.

Save JaLC DOI at
DOI Management
SystemCreate NIMS
eSciDoc URL

Send NIMS
eSciDoc URL
to SAMURAI

23

Issues in Data DOI• Flow of operations• Persistent access• Granularity of data in registration• Dynamics of data
• Landing page• Quantity of data
• Applications
24

Issues in Data DOI• Flow of operations: Who, When, How− Who registers data?: Researcher/Project
manager/Librarian− When is data registered?
− How is metadata provided for data?

• Persistent access− What persistency can we expect for data?
− Can time-limited projects participate? Who will ensure thepersistency of the data?
(ex.)

The representative institute takes over all of the data
Registering DOIs only for data managed by real organizations
among the members of the project25

Life cycle of data and stakeholders- in case of publisher -Publisher

Publisher

RegisterID

metadata

CreateRegister

Modifysavepublish

ModifyResearcher

Data

Createremove
26

Life cycle of data and stakeholders- in case of university library -Institutional Repository

LibraryRegisterID

metadata

CreateRegister

Modifysavepublish

ModifyResearcher

Data

Createremove27

Life cycle of data and stakeholders- in case of research data -Research Institution

LibraryRegister

IDRegister

ModifyJaLCMetadata

CreateRegister

ModifyDomainMetadata

savepublish

ModifyremoveCreatemetadata
Project
Researcher

Data

Create28

Issues in Data DOI• Persistent access− What persistency can we expect for data?
− Can time-limited projects participate? Who will
ensure the persistency of the data?
(ex.)
The representative institute takes over all of the data
Registering DOIs only for data managed by realorganizations among the members of the project29

Projects and Institutions• Research project may consist on members
from multiple institutes
A Res. Inst.

Members

XX Society

ZZ Society

XX Univ.

X SocietyArticles
ResearchData

YY Society

Temporary Project by JaLCmembers

Y Univ.

YY Univ.

Z Univ.

ZZ Univ.

AssociateMembers

Project Q
30

Issues in Data DOI (cont’d)• Granularity of data in registration– Some aspects for granularity of data
• Good for citation• Granularity of data itself– Observation data/Experiment data/Simulation data

• Easy for access• Easy for management• Quantity of data31

Issues in Data DOI (cont’d)• Dynamics of data− Adding data after registration of DOI− Some options:− Different DOIs
− Add relationship metadata to denote the relation to the originalDOIs− Use the original DOI− Versioning: add the link to the new data while keep the link to theoriginal data
− History of changes in the single DOI− No descriptions (e.g., data in observing)32

Issues in Data DOI (cont’d)• Landing page
− Metadata description− For open/closed data

• Quantity of data
− Registering DOI for a large amount of data

• Applications− Citing DOIs for research data
− Developing other applications
33

Recommendations for Data DOIs
• Recognition of variety of the nature of data
• Minimal Commitment– Persistency, Interoperability, Usability,manageability• Design own “DOI Registration Policy”– Along with Institutional “Data ManagementPolicy”• Flow of operations• Persistent access– Define/recommend rules of• Granularity of data
DOI registrations on these issues.
in registration••••

Dynamics of data
Landing page
Quantity of data34…

Summary• Data-sharing architecture– Interoperability should be guaranteed– Layers• ID/Metadata Schema/Metadata/Data format/Data/Repository– Cooperation and Competition• DOI is the promising ID for data but different in use
from one for literature– DOI Registration Policy is needed• Data DOI is a good key with which various stakeholders
can communicate practically to each other– “RDA Japan”?
35