211

References[Number(s) in square brackets after each reference are those of thechapter(s) in which the reference is cited.]
Akeroyd J (Polytechnic of the South Bank). Verbal communication,
1983. [7]Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. Library Association, 2nd ed., 1978. [9]Arret L. Can online catalogs be too easy? User-easy is not user-friendly
if progressive learning and system mastery are sacrificed. American
Libraries, February 1985, pi 18-120. [2,7]Atherton P. Books are for use: final report of the Subject Access Project tothe Council on Library Resources. Syracuse University, School ofInformation Studies, 1978. [9]Bates M J. Factors affecting subject catalog search success. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science 28 (3), 1977, pi61-169. [9]Bates M J. Information search tactics. Journal of the American Society for
Information Science 30 (4), 1979, p205-214. [7]Borgman C L. End user behavior on the Ohio State University Libraries'
online catalog: a computer monitoring survey. OCLC, Office of Research,
1983. [8]Borgman C L. Psychological research in human-computer interaction.
In: Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 19. Edited byMartha E Williams. Knowledge Industry Publications, 1984. [7]Cambridge University Library's catalogue takes on a new life. Vine 47,
1983, p4-7. [2,5]Card S K, Moran T P and Newell A. The psychology of human- computerinteraction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1983. [7]212References

Cheong V E and Hirschheim R A. Local area networks: issues,products,and developments. Wiley, 1983. [3]Cherry S S. The moving finger "accesses". American Libraries 12 (I),1981, pl4-16. [7]Cleverdon C. Optimising convenient online access to bibliographic
databases. In: British Library Research and Development Department.
Seminar on Basic Information Research. Cranfield Institute of Technology,
21-23 July 1983. Report by Mary Rowbottom, pl3-15. [6]Cochran M and Fayen E G. A new user interface for the Dartmouth
on-line catalog. In: Proceedings of the Third National Online Meeting, NewYork, March 30 - April 1, 1982. Learned Information Inc, 1982, p87-97.
[2]
Cochrane P A. "Friendly" catalog forgives user errors: no librarian
intervention necessary on a dream online system called "Paperchase".
American Libraries 13 (5), 1982, p303-306. [2]Cochrane P A and Markey K. Catalog use studies — since theintroduction of online interactive catalogs: impact on design for subjectaccess. LISR, 1983, p337-363. [8]Cochrane P A and Settel B. Augmenting subject descriptions for books
in online catalogs. Database 5 (4), 1982, p29-37. [7]Collier M [W]. Local area networks. British Library. Library andInformation Research Report 19, 1984. [3]Collier M W and McLean N F. Microprocessor networking in libraries.
Research proposal to the British Library Research and Development
Department, April 1982. [1]Collier M W and Piper D. Multi-site networking: experience of thePolytechnic of Central London. Program 18 (2), 1984, pl47-156. [1]Croft W B and Harper D J. Using probabilistic models of document
retrieval without relevance information. Journal of Documentation 35 (4),1979, p285-295. [6]References

213

Doszkocs T E. CITE N L M : natural-language searching in an online
catalog. Information Technology and Libraries 2 (4), 1983, p364-380. [2]Doszkocs T E and Rapp B A. Searching MEDLINE in English: aprototype user interface with natural language query, ranked output, andrelevance feedback. In: Proceedings of the American Society for Information
Science 42nd Annual Meeting, 1979, pl31-139. [2]Doszkocs T E and Ulmschneider J E. A practical stemming algorithm
for online search assistance. Online Review 7 (4), 1983, p301-318. [2]The Dynix library automation system. VINE 58, 1985, plO-15. [2]Ehrenreich S L. Query languages: design recommendations derived
from the human factors literature. Human Factors 23 (6), 1981, p709-725.
[V]
Fayen E G. The online catalog: improving public access to library materials.
Knowledge Industry Publications, Inc, 1983. [2]Ferguson D K and others. The CLR public online catalog survey: anoverview. Information Technology and Libraries I (2), 1982, p84-97. [8]Foot B. Ethernet - basic principles. Institution of Electrical Engineers,(undated). [3]Freund G E and Willett P. Online identification of word variants andarbitrary truncation searching using a string similarity measure.
Information technology: research and development 1 (3), 1982, pl77-187. [9]Frith W R. A layered approach to local area networks. New Electronics 17(24), 1984, p64-66. [3]Galitz W O. Handbook of screen format design. Wellesley, Mass: QED
Information Sciences, 1981. [7]Gredley E (Polytechnic of North London). Verbal communication,
March 1985. [9]Harper D J. Relevance feedback in document retrieval. PhD thesis.
University of Cambridge, 1980. [6,9]214References

Harris J L. Alphabetical arrangement: some unexamined issues. In:
Proceedings of the 42nd American Society for Information Science
Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, October 14-181979, Information choices andpolicies. Knowledge Industry Publications, Volume 16, 1979, p214-218.
[5]
Hayes P J and Reddy D R. Steps toward graceful interaction in spoken
and written man-machine communication. International Journal of ManMachine Studies 19, 1983, p231-284. [9]Hildreth C R. Online browsing support capabilities. In: Informationinteraction. Proceedings of the 45th ASIS annual meeting, Columbus,
Ohio, 17-21 October 1982. Knowledge Industry Publications, 1982. [7]Hildreth C R. Online public access catalogs: the user interface. OCLC,1982. [2,7,9]
Hildreth C R. Pursuing the ideal: generations of online catalogs. In:
Online catalogs, online reference - converging trends. Proceedings of a L I T A
Preconference, June 23-24 1983, Los Angeles. American LibraryAssociation, 1984. [2,7,9]
Hildreth C R. To boolean or not to boolean. Information Technology andLibraries 2 (3), 1983, p235-237. [7]Hildreth C R. [Users and online systems: the user interface.] Paper
given at a conference "Online public access to library files", Centre for
Catalogue Research, Bath University Library, 3-5 September 1984. [9]Horowitz G L and Bleich H L. Paperchase: a computer program tosearch the medical literature. In: Proceedings of the 6th Annual Symposiumon Computer Applications in Medical Care, New York, 30 October-2November 1982. Edited by B I Blum. IEEE, 1982, pl045-1051. [8]In-depth: University of California MELVYL. Information Technology
and Libraries 1 (4), 1982, p350-380. [2]In-depth: University of California MELVYL, 2. Information Technologyand Libraries 2 ( 1 ) , 1983, p58-115. [2]Innocent P R. Towards self-adaptive interface systems. International
Journal of Man-Machine Studies 16, 1982, p287-299. [9]References

215

Introducing the online catalogue. Edited by Alan Seal. Bath University
Library. Centre for Catalogue Research, 1984. [2]Jones K P and Bell C L M. The automatic extraction of words fromtexts especially for input into information retrieval systems based oninverted files. In: Research and development in information retrieval.
Proceedings of the third joint BCS and ACM symposium. King's
College, Cambridge, 2-6 July 1984. [4,5]Kaske N K and Sanders N P. A comprehensive study of online public accesscatalogs: an overview and application offindings.Final report to the Council
on Library Resources. Vol III. OCLC, 1983. [2,7,8,9]
Knuth D E. The art of computer programming. Vol 1: Fundamental
algorithms. Addison-Wesley, 1968. [5]Knuth D E. The art of computer programming. Vol 3: Sorting and searching.
Addison-Wesley, 1973. [5]Krikelas J. Searching the library catalog: a study of users' access.
Library Research 2 (3), 1980-81, p215-230. [2]Larson R R and Graham V. Monitoring and evaluating MELVYL.
Information Technology and Libraries 2 ( 1 ) , 1983, p93-104. [2,5,7]
Ledgard H, Singer A and Whiteside J. Directions in human factors forinteractive systems. Springer Verlag, 1981. (Lecture notes in computerscience, 103.) [7]
Leyhausen P. Cat behaviour. Chapter 19: Territorial behaviour andrank. Garland Press, 1979. [3]Lipetz B-A. User requirements in identifying desired works in a large library.
Final Report. Yale University, 1970. ERIC ED 042049. [2]Lipow A G. Practical considerations of the current capabilities of subject
access in online public catalogs. Library Resources and Technical Services
2 7 ( 1 ) , 1983, p81-87. [2,7][Lipow A G ] in: Training users of online public access catalogs. Report byMarsha Hamilton McClintock of a conference sponsored by Trinity

216

References

University and the Council for Library Resources, San Antonio, Texas,January 12-14 1983. CLR, July 1983. [7]Local area networks - how computers talk to each other. Institution ofElectrical Engineers. Digest number 1984/50, 1984. [3]Manson P (Polytechnic of Central London). Verbal communication,April 1985. [7]Marcus R S and Reint jes J F. The networking of interactive bibliographic
retrieval systems. M I T Report ESL-R-656. NTIS PB252407, March 1976.
[9]Markey K. DDC as a library user's tool. MARC Users' Group Newletter.
Issue 85 No 1, March 1985, pl9-26. [9]Markey K. Offline and online user assistance for online catalog
searchers. Online 8 (3), 1984, p54-66. [7]Markey K. Online catalog use: results of surveys and focus group interviewsin several libraries. Final report to the Council on Library Resources. VolII. OCLC, 1983. [2,9]Markey K. Subject-searching experiences and needs of online catalog
users: implications for library classification. Library Resources andTechnical Services, January-March 1985, p34-51. [7,9]Markey K. Subject searching in library catalogs: before and after theintroduction of online catalogs. OCLC, 1984. [2,7,8,9]
Matthews J R. Public access to online catalogs: a planning guide formanagers. Online Inc, 1982. [2,7]Mischo W H. A subject retrieval function for the online union catalog.
Technical Report. OCLC, 1981. [5]Mitev N N. The user interface in an online public access catalogue. In:
Computer assisted information retrieval. RIAO 85, International symposium organised by the Centre des Hautes Etudes dTnformatiqueDocumentaire, 18-20 March 1985, Grenoble. Paris: CNRS, 1985. [7]References217

Mitev N N and Walker S. Information retrieval aids in an online publicaccess catalogue: automatic intelligent search sequencing. In: Informatics
8: Advances in intelligent retrieval. Proceedings of an Aslib/BCSconference. Oxford, 16-17 April 1985. To be published 1985. [6,7]
Moore C W. User reactions to online catalogs: an exploratory study.
College and Research Libraries 42 (4), 1981, p295-302. [7,8][Nestar Systems.] Unpublished communications from staff of Nestar
Systems, 1983-1985. [3]Norden D J and Lawrence G H. Public terminal use in an online
catalog: some preliminary results. College and Research Libraries 42 (4),1981, p308-316. [8]Norman D A and Fisher D. Why alphabetic keyboards are not easy touse: keyboard layout doesn't much matter. Human Factors 24 (5), 1982,p509-519. [7,9]OCLC's local system and a new selective records service. VINE 49, 1983,
pl9-25. [2]Pease S and Gouke M N. Patterns of use in an online catalog and a cardcatalog. College and Research Libraries 43 (4), 1982, p279-291. [8]Penniman W S and Dominick W D. Monitoring and evaluation ofonline information system usage. Information Processing and Management
16 (I), 1980, 17-35. [8]Persky G and others. A Geac local area network for the Bobst Library.
Library HI TECH (6), 1984, p37-45. [3,9]Porter M F. Information retrieval at the Sedgwick Museum. Information technology: research and development 2 (4), 1983, pl69-186. [9]Public access to online files at the Polytechnic of the South Bank. VINE
42, 1982, p26-30. [2]Radke B S, Klemperer K E and Berger M G. The user-friendly
catalog: patron access to MELVYL. Information Technology and Libraries
1 (4), 1982, p358-371. [5]218

References

Ramsey H R and Atwood M E. Man-machine interaction design
guidance: state of the art. In: Proceedings of the international conference oncybernetics and society, Boston, Mass, October 8-10 1980. IEEE, 1980. [7]Reisner P. Human factors studies of database query languages: a surveyand assessment. ACM computing surveys 13 (1), 1981, pl3-31. [7]Reynolds L. The presentation of bibliographic information on Prestel. Royal
College of Art, 1980. British Library Research and Development Report
No 5536. [7]Robertson S E. The probability ranking principle in IR. Journal ofDocumentation 33 (4), 1977, p294-304. [9]Robertson S E and Bovey J D. A front-end for IR experiments. Finalreport to the British Library Research and Development Department on
Project Number SI/G/569, December 1983. [6]Rouse W B and Rouse S H. Human information seeking and design ofinformation systems. Information Processing and Management 20 (1-2),
1984, pl29-138. [7]Seal A, Bryant P and Hall C. Full and short entry catalogues. BathUniversity Library. Centre for Catalogue Research, 1982. [2,4,9]
Shackel B. Dialogues and language, can computer ergonomics help?
Ergonomics 23 (9), 1980, p857-880. [7]Shneiderman B. Human factors experiments in designing interactivesystems. Computer {IEEE) 12, 1979, p9-19. [7]Shneiderman B. Software psychology: human factors in computer andinformation systems. Little, Brown & Co, 1980. [7]Siegel E R et al. A comparative evaluation of the technical performanceand user acceptance of two prototype online catalog systems. Information
Technology and Libraries 3 (1)> 1984, p35-46. [2,8,9]Tagliacozzo R and Kochen M. Information-seeking behavior ofcatalog users. Information Storage and Retrieval 6 (5), 1970, p363-381.
[1,2,7]References219

Tagliacozzo R, Rosenberg L and Kochen M. Access and recognition:from users' data to catalogue entries. Journal of Documentation 26 (3),1970, p230-249. [2]Tagliacozzo R, S e m m e l D and Kochen M. Written representation oftopics and the production of query terms. Journal of the American Society
for Information Science 22 (5), 1971, p337-347. [2]Tolle J E et al. Current utilization of online catalogs: transaction log analysis.
Final report to the Council on Library Resources. Vol I. OCLC, 1983.
[2,8]
UK MARC Manual. British Library. Bibliographic Services Division.
2nd ed., 1980. [4,9]University of California prototype online catalog. Preliminary specifications for the patron interface. [Prepared by] Katharina Klemperer andMike Berger. University of California, Berkeley, July 1980. [7][Walker S]. The design and development of a self-adaptive user interface foran online public access catalogue. Draft proposal submitted to the British
Library Research and Development Department, 1985. [9]Walker S. The free language approach to online catalogues. In: Keyword
catalogues and the free language approach. Edited by Philip Bryant. BathUniversity Library. Centre for Catalogue Research, 1985. [7,9][Walker S]. Improving access in an online public access catalogue by automaticword stemming, spelling correction, and limited synonym generation. Research
proposal submitted to the British Library Research and Development
Department, April 1985. [7,9]Walker S. An information retrieval package for microcomputers.
Program 16 (3), 1982, pl71-179. [1][Walker S]. On the use of relevance feedback and classification to improve
subject access fin an online catalogue]. Draft proposal submitted to theBritish Library Research and Development Department, 1984. [9]Yannakoudakis E J and Fawthrop D. An intelligent spelling errorcorrector. Information Processing and Management 19 (2), 1983, plOl-108.
[9]

220

References

Yannakoudakis E J and Fawthrop D. The rules of spelling errors.
Information Processing and Management 19 (2), 1983, p87-99. [9]Young R C (University of Sussex). Verbal communication, 1983. [2]