MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3—†—

ii

Foreword

The purpose of this document is to (i) provide harmonised lexical specifications for ten languages— Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Estonian, English, Hungarian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, andthe Resian dialect of Slovene — and (ii) formulate the relevant notation that is used in thelexicons and annotated corpora contributed by the language groups.

MULTEXT-East Morphosyntactic
Specifications
Version 3.0
May 10th, 2004

Contributors
Bulgarian : R.Pavlov, L.Dimitrova, L.Sinapova, K.Simov
Croatian : M.Tadić
Czech : V.Petkevič
Estonian : H.J.Kaalep
English : N.Ide, G.Priest-Dorman, T.Erjavec
Hungarian : L.Tihanyi, T.Váradi, C.Oravecz
Resian : H.Steenwijk
Romanian : D.Tufiş, A.M.Barbu
Serbian : C.Krstev, D.Vitas
Slovene : T.Erjavec, P.Holozan, V.Gorjanc, M.Stabej
EditorTomaž Erjavec
Supported by EU projects
Multext-East, Concede and TELRI

These specifications are based on two proposals for lexicon specifications presented in the Multext
D1-6-1B Deliverable of the Multext Project [1] and in the Eagles documents of the Lexicon subgroup on Morphosyntactic annotation [2, 8].

These specifications were first made in the scope of the MULTEXT-East, as the project report
D11F, and were, slightly modified, made available on the TELRI CD-ROM “A Compendium ofMultilingual Resources” [6, 7].

The second version, the so called “Concede edition” [4, 3] offered the addition of a new language,
Croatian, and additions (for Romanian and Slovene) to the common tables in terms of attributesand values. The tables for Slovene have also been localised. The format of the specification had
been improved, by converting the master LATEX document to Latin-2 encoding, so that thelanguage specific characters are correctly displayed in print and in the HTML version of the
document. Finally, the common tables had been made available additionally in XML, as a TEI
feature libraries hfLibi, one for each PoS.

Finally, the present “Version 3” [5] fixes some minor errors found in the Concede edition andadds two more specifications: for Serbian, and for a dialect of Slovene, Resian.

Pisa, October 1995

Ljubljana, December 1997

Ljubljana, March 2001

Ljubljana, May 2004

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3
3.16 List of values with codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

III

4 Application to English

ContentsI

4.1

Introduction

1

1 BackgroundII

Language Specific Applications2

1.1

Description of the proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

1.2

Lexical lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

1.3

Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

1.4

Organization of the language-specific chapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

Common Morphosyntactic Specifications

6

2 Table of categories

7

3 Tables of attribute-values

8

3.1

Noun (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

3.2

Verb (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

3.3

Adjective (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

3.4

Pronoun (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

3.5

Determiner (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

3.6

Article (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19

3.7

Adverb (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

3.8

Adposition (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

3.9

Conjunction (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

3.10 Numeral (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

3.11 Interjection (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

3.12 Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

3.13 Abbreviation (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26

3.14 Particle (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

3.15 List of attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

iii

Noun (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

iv

30

32

33

33

4.2

Verb (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

4.3

Adjective (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36

4.4

Pronoun (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

4.5

Determiner (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41

4.6

Article (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

4.7

Adverb (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

4.8

Adposition (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44

4.9

Conjunction (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44

4.10 Numeral (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

4.11 Interjection (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46

4.12 Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47

4.13 Abbreviation (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47

4.14 Particle (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47

5 Application to Romanian

48

5.1

Noun (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48

5.2

Verb (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50

54

5.3

Adjective (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.4

Pronoun (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56

5.5

Determiner (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59

61

5.6

Article (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.7

Adverb (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

63

5.8

Adposition (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64

5.9

Conjunction (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65

5.10 Numeral (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

67

5.11 Interjections (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

69

5.12 Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

69

5.13 Abbreviation (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

69

5.14 Particle (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3v

6 Application to Estonian72

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3
8.1

vi

Noun (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

6.1

Nouns (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72

8.2

Verb (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

6.2

Verbs (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

76

8.3

Adjective (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

6.3

Adjectives (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

87

8.4

Pronoun (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

6.4

Pronouns (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

91

8.5

Determiner (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

6.5

Determiners (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

8.6

Article (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

6.6

Atricles (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

8.7

Adverb (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

6.7

Adverbs (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

8.8Adposition (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Conjunction (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

6.8Adpositions (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

8.9

6.9

Conjunctions (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

8.10 Numeral (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

6.10 Numerals (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

8.11 Interjection (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

6.11 Interjections (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

8.12 Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

6.12 Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

8.13 Abbreviation (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

6.13 Abreviations (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

8.14 Particle (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

6.14 Particles (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
9 Application to Slovene

155

116

9.1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Noun (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

9.2

Table of Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

7.2

Verb (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

9.3

Noun (N) // Samostalnik (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

7.3

Adjective (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

9.4

Verb (V) // Glagol (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

7 Application to Hungarian
7.1

7.4

Pronoun (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

9.5

Adjective (A) // Pridevnik (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

7.5

Determiner (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

9.6

Adverb (R) // Prislov (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

7.6

Article (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

9.7

Pronoun (P) // Zaimek (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

7.7

Adverb (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

9.8

Adposition (S) // Predlog (D)7.8

Adposition (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

9.9Conjunction (C) // Veznik (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

7.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Conjunction (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

9.10 Particle (Q) // Členek (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

7.10 Numeral (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

9.11 Interjection (I) // Medmet (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

7.11 Interjection (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

9.12 Numeral (M) // Števnik (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

7.12 Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

9.13 Abbreviation (Y) // Okrajšava (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

7.13 Abbreviation (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

9.14 Residual (X) // Neuvrščeno (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

7.14 Particle (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
7.15 Derivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
7.16 Compounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

10 Application to Resian190

10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

10.2 Table of Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
8 Application to Czech

136

10.3 Noun (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3

vii

10.4 Verb (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3

viii

12.6 Article (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

10.5 Adjective (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

12.7 Adverb (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

10.6 Adverb (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

12.8 Adposition (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

10.7 Pronoun (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

12.9 Conjunction (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

10.8 Adposition (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

12.10Numeral (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

10.9 Conjunction (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

12.11Interjection (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

10.10Particle (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

12.12Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

10.11Interjection (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

12.13Abbreviation (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

10.12Numeral (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

12.14Particle (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

10.13Abbreviation (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
10.14Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
10.15Article (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

13 Application to Bulgarian230

13.1 Noun (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

13.2 Verb (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
11 Application to Croatian212

13.3 Adjective (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

11.1 Noun (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

13.4 Pronoun (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

11.2 Verb (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

13.5 Determiner (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

11.3 Adjective (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

13.6 Article (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

11.4 Pronoun (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

13.7 Adverb (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

11.5 Determiner (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

13.8 Adposition (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

11.6 Article (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

13.9 Conjunction (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

11.7 Adverb (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

13.10Numeral (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

11.8 Adposition (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

13.11Interjection (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

11.9 Conjunction (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

13.12Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

11.10Numeral (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

13.13Abbreviation (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

11.11Interjection (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

13.14Particle (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

11.12Residual (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
11.13Abbreviation (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
11.14Particle (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
12 Application to Serbian221

12.1 Noun (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
12.2 Verb (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
12.3 Adjective (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
12.4 Pronoun (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
12.5 Determiner (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Chapter 1

BackgroundPart I

Introduction

1.1

Description of the proposal

The proposal has been prepared in the Multext table format, which displays the specifications (assets of attribute-values, see below for further details about the notation), with their respective
codes used to mark them in the lexicons. Two types of features are distingished:• The minimal core features
These are shared by most of the languages and appear at the top of the list of features— they are deliniated by a row of asterisks (*). We tried to keep this set in common
to all the Multext and Multext-East languages. In such a way, the comparability acrossthe information encoded in the lexical lists of Central & Eastern and of the six original
Multext languages is to a certain extent ensured. A side-effect is that certain values arepresent in the tables, although none of the MULTEXT-East languages makes use of them.

• The Multext-East language-specific features
These are shared by the Multext-East languages, but differ from the Multext ones. The
formulation of this set has been, as already mentioned, highly delicate, due also to the factthat many language-specific values were presented in the applications and sometimes thesame (or ’similar enough’) morphosyntactic phenomena were referred to with two different
attribute or value names. The phase of recognition and harmonisation of the semantics ofsome attributes, values and naming conventions has, hence, required much effort.

This representation, with the concrete applications which display and exemplify the attributesand values and provide their internal constraints and relationships, makes the proposal selfexplanatory. Other groups can easily test the specifications on their language, simply by following the method of the applications. The possibility of incorporating idiosyncratic classes anddistinctions after the common core features makes the proposal relatively adaptable and flexible,
without compromising compatibility.

1

2

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Introduction

1.2

3

Lexical lists

The specifications presented here have been used in the encoding of word-form lexica of thelanguages. These lexica contain one entry per line, where an entry has the following form:
word-form hTABi lemma hTABi morphosyntactic description
This reports describes the morphosyntactic descriptions used in the lexica and also in the annotated multilingual corpus.

1.3

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Introduction

4• not relevant to a particular language, e.g. Gender to Estonian;• not applicable to a particular combination of attribute-values, i.e. although the attributeis used by a category in a given language it does not apply to a particular subclass of thecategory; e.g., Person applies to Pronouns, but not to the Type demonstrative;• not applicable to a particular lexical item, i.e. although the attribute applies to the restof its paradigm, e.g., Gender in the paradigm of English Personal Pronouns applies only
to the 3rd person, I, you vs. she, he).

Finally, it should be noted that in the lexica trailing hyphens have been omitted, as this often
leads to a more compact encoding. Hence codes like Ncms- are written as Ncms.

Notation

In Multext the notation has been chosen following current practices for NLP, where informationis represented in attribute-value formalisms and following the idea that it should also be selfinformative for human understanding. At the same time, a relativelly compact encoding wasmaintained. The notation format has the following main characteristics:

1.4

Organization of the language-specific chapters

The applications of the proposal to the individual languages are then given in Chapter III.
The language application parts present the lexicon specifications category by category and are
structured as follows:• attributes are marked by positions;• values are represented by a single character;• a special marker reflects the non applicability of a given attribute.
These characteristics make the proposed lexical notation similar to attribute-value pairs used inunification based formalisms (see the Multext D1-6-1B Deliverable [1] for further details).
The linear strings of characters representing the morphosyntactic descriptions are constructedfollowing the philosophy of the Intermediate Format proposed in the Eagles Corpus proposal[8], i.e. of having agreed symbols in predefined and fixed positions: the positions of a string ofcharacters are numbered 0, 1, 2, etc. in the following way:
• the agreed character at position 0 encodes part-of-speech;• each character at position 1, 2, n, encodes the value of one attribute (person, gender,
number, etc.);• if an attribute does not apply, the corresponding position in the string contains a special
marker, the hyphen (’-’).
Example: Ncms- (Noun, common, masculine, singular, nocase)This notation adopts the Eagles Intermediate Format with a small revision: the Intermediate
Format encodes information by means of digits, while in Multext characters of a mnemonic
nature are preferred.
The marker ’-’ has a special semantics and it means ’not-applicable’. As stated above, its
function is to keep the relationship established between attributes and values. It is used in thefollowing cases:

1. a chapter describing the features and values pertinent to a given category in the formof tables with examples from the language in question; these tables have been mostly
automatically generated from the common tables. The language specific tables, however,
do often have significant additional information, e.g. examples or localisation of names.

2. a chapter providing the allowed combinations of values for the particular language, whichis, in some cases, supplemented by c) a list of examples from the lexicon or corpus.
Two different strategies of displaying combinations have been followed:• all the admitted combinations are provided together with an example. This has the
disadvantage of producing big lists, given the high number of features and values tocombine together, but the advantage of providing the only legal combinations withthe relevant constraints in the application of some features/values in presence of otherfeatures or values or combination of them (see e.g. Gender in Personal Pronouns).

• a mathematical expression (essentially a regular expression) describing the combinations is provided, which can subsequently used to generate all combinations, possibly
including some which are not valid.

Bibliography[1] Nuria Bel, Nicoletta Calzolari, and Monica Monachini (eds.). Common specifications and notation for lexicon encoding and preliminary proposal for the tagsets. MULTEXT Deliverable
D1.6.1B, ILC, Pisa, 1995.
[2] Nicoletta Calzolari and Monica Monachini (eds.). Synopsis and comparison of morphosyntactic phenomena encoded in lexicons and corpora: A common proposal and applications
to european languages. EAGLES Report EAG—CLWG—MORPHSYN/R, ILC, Pisa, 1996.
http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/morphsyn/.
[3] Tomaž Erjavec. Harmonised Morphosyntactic Tagging for Seven Languages and Orwell’s
1984. In 6th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium, NLPRS’01, pages 487–
492, Tokyo, 2001. http://nl.ijs.si/ME/V2/.

Part II

Common Morphosyntactic
Specifications[4] Tomaž Erjavec. The MULTEXT-East Resources Revisited. ElsNews, 10(1):3–2, 2001.
[5] Tomaž Erjavec, Cvetana Krstev, Vladimı́r Petkevič, Kiril Simov, Marko Tadić, and DuškoVitas. The MULTEXT-East Morphosyntactic Specifications for Slavic Languages. In Proceedings of the EACL 2003 Workshop on Morphological Processing of Slavic Languages, pages
25–32, Budapest, 2003. http://nl.ijs.si/ME/V2/.
[6] Tomaž Erjavec, Ann Lawson, and Laurent Romary. East meets West: A Compendium ofMultilingual Resources. CD-ROM, 1998. ISBN: 3-922641-46-6.
[7] Nancy Ide, Dan Tufiş, and Tomaž Erjavec. Development and Assessment of Common Lexical
Specifications for Six Central and Eastern European Languages. In First International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC’98, pages 233–240, Granada, 1998.
ELRA.
[8] Geoffrey Leech and Andrew Wilson.
Recommendations for the morphosyntactic
annotation of corpora.
EAGLES Report EAG–TCWG–MAC/R, ILC, Pisa, 1996.
http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/.

56Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Table of categories

Tables of attribute-values=============== ==== ====
Part-of-Speech Code Atts=============== ==== ====
Noun
N
10
Verb
V
15
Adjective
A
12
PronounP
17
Determiner
D
10
ArticleT
6
AdverbR
6
Adposition
S
4
Conjunction
C
7
NumeralM
12Interjection
I
2
ResidualX
0
Abbreviation
Y
5
ParticleQ3=============== ==== ====

The common Multext-East tables of attribute values are given for all categories above and havea rigid structure, which makes them suitable for automatically verifying the conformance ofa particular morphosyntactic description with the tables, or for expanding a morphosyntactic
description into its more verbose form.

At the beginning of each category the number of attributes introduced by the category is given.
This is followed by a string summarizing the valid attributes of the category. The features
constituting the minimal core, in common with Multext (and Eagles) are graphically contained
between strings of stars (*).
This information is followed by the table proper. The table has the following columns:

1. Position gives the position of the attribute in the string of the morphosyntactic description;
2. Attribute gives the name of the attribute;
3. Value gives the name and one-letter code of the attribute-value;

Each category acts a type, i.e. it introduces attribute value pairs. The equivalence of a particularattribute-value at a particular position in a morpho-syntactic description is thus defined onlywith respect to a given category.

4. a column for each of the languages. For easier comparison between them they have beengrouped by language family: first English as the ’hub’ language, then Romance (Romanian), followed by Slavic (Slovene, Czech, Bulgarian), and finaly Finno-Ungric (Estonian,
Hungarian). Croatian, Serbian and Resian have been added later, and not yet properlygrouped.

The attributes and the values pertinent to the above categories are presented in the the first 14
sections of the next chapter. The final two sections list the values and attributes defined in thetables.

The language columns define (by marking with ’x’), in the first line, whether the category isused by the language, and in subsequent lines, which attribute-values a particular language uses.

7

8

9

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.1

Noun (N)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecommonc
properp- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularsplural
p
dual
d
count
t
collectivel- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentalidirectr
obliqueopartitive
1
illativex
inessive2
elativeeallativet
adessive3
ablativebtranslative
4
terminative
9
essivew
abessive
5
komitativekaditive
7
temporalismcausaliscsublativesdelativehsociativeqfactiveysuperessivep
distributiveu* ***************************** *5 Definiteness
no
n
yes
y
short_art
s

EN
x

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

ET
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

10

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables
full_artf- -------------- -------------- 6 Clitic
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 7 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 8 Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 9 Owner_Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 10Owned_Number
singularspluralp================================= EN

x
x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

x
x
x
x
x

RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

x
x
HU

Notes:In the Romanian case system the value ’direct’ conflates ’nominative’ and ’accusative’, whilethe value ’oblique’ conflates ’genitive’ and ’dative’.

11

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.2

Verb (V)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typemainmauxiliaryamodalocopulacbaseb- -------------- -------------- 2 VForm
indicativei
subjunctivesimperativemconditionalcinfinitivenparticiplepgerundg
supineutransgressive tquotativeq- -------------- -------------- 3 Tense
presentpimperfecti
futurefpastspluperfectlaorista- -------------- -------------- 4 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 5 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 6 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern* ***************************** *7 Voiceactiveapassivep- -------------- -------------- 8 Negative
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 9 Definiteness
no
n
yes
y
short_artsfull_art
f

EN
x

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

ET
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x

x
x
x
x

x

x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x

x

x

x

x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

12

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables
1s2s
2- -------------- -------------- 10Clitic
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 11Case
nominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentaliillativex
inessive2
elativeetranslative
4
abessive5- -------------- -------------- 12Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 14Aspectprogressivepperfectivee- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy
no
n
yes
y
================================= EN

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

HR

x
x

x
x

SR

x
x
SL-ROZAJ

13

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.3

Adjective (A)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typequalificative f
indefiniteipossessivesordinalo- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlativeselativeediminutived- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentalidirectr
obliqueopartitive
1
illativex
inessive2
elativeeallativet
adessive3
ablativebtranslative
4
terminative
9
essivew
abessive
5
komitativekaditive
7
temporalismcausaliscsublativesdelativehsociative
q

EN
x

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

x

x

x

x

x
x

x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

BG
x

ET
x

x
x
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x

x

x

x

x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x

14

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables
factiveysuperessivep
distributive
uessive_formal f* ***************************** *6 Definiteness
no
n
yes
y
short_artsfull_artf- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 8 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 9 Formation
nominalncompoundc- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person
first1
second2
third3---------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number
singularspluralp================================= EN

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

x
x
HU

Notes:In the Romanian case system the value ’direct’ conflates ’nominative’ and ’accusative’, whilethe value ’oblique’ conflates ’genitive’ and ’dative’.

15

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.4

Pronoun (P)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typepersonalpdemonstrative dindefiniteipossessivesinterrogative q
relativer
exclamativeereflexivex
reciprocalynegativez
generalg
int_relw
emphatichdeterminalmex_theret- -------------- -------------- 2 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralpdual
dpaucalccollectivel- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentalidirectr
obliqueopartitive
1
illativex
inessive2
elativeeallativet
adessive3
ablativebtranslative
4

EN
x

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

ET
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x

x

x

x

x
x

x
x

x

x

x

x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x

x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

16

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables
terminative
9
essivew
abessive
5
komitativekaditive
7
temporalismcausaliscsublativesdelativehsociativeqfactiveysuperessivep
distributive
uessive_formal f- -------------- -------------- 6 Owner_Number
singularspluralpduald- -------------- -------------- 7 Owner_Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern* ***************************** *8 Clitic
no
n
yes
y
bound
b
- -------------- -------------- 9 Referent_Type personalppossessivesattributiveaquantitativeq- -------------- -------------- 10Syntactic_Type nominalnadjectivalaadverbialr- -------------- -------------- 11Definiteness
no
n
yes
y
short_artsfull_artf- -------------- -------------- 12Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s
yes
y
no
n
- -------------- -------------- 14Pronoun_Form
strongsweakw- -------------- -------------- 15Owner_Person
first1
second
2
third
3

x
x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
EN

RO
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
SL
x
x
x

x
x
x
CS
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

BG
x
x

ET

HU

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
HR
x
x

x
x
x
SR
x
x

x
x
x
SL-ROZAJ
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

17

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables- -------------- -------------- 16Owned_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 17Wh_Type
relativer xquestionq x================================= EN

3.5
x
x

RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

Notes:In the Romanian case system the value ’direct’ conflates ’nominative’ and ’accusative’, whilethe value ’oblique’ conflates ’genitive’ and ’dative’.

18

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

Determiner (D)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typedemonstrative dindefiniteipossessivesinterrogative q
relativer
exclamativeearticleageneralg
int_relw
negativezemphatich- -------------- -------------- 2 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Case
directr
obliqueo- -------------- -------------- 6 Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 7 Owner_Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern* ***************************** *8 Cliticnonyesy- -------------- -------------- 9 Modific_Type
prenominepostnomino- -------------- -------------- 10Wh_Type
relativerquestionq=================================

EN
x

RO
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EN

RO

Notes:In the Romanian case system the value ’direct’ conflates ’nominative’ and ’accusative’, whilethe value ’oblique’ conflates ’genitive’ and ’dative’.

19

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.6

Article (T)= ============== ============== = EN
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typedefinitefindefiniteipossessivesdemonstrative d- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominative * ngenitive* gdative* daccusative * alocativelinstrumentalidirectr
obliqueo* ***************************** *5 Cliticnonyesy- -------------- -------------- 6 Animate
no
n
yes
y
================================= EN

3.7
RO
x

SL

CS

BG

ET

x
x
x
x

HU
x

HR

SR

x
x

SL-ROZAJ
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

HR

SR

x
x
SL-ROZAJ

Notes:In the Romanian case system the value ’direct’ conflates ’nominative’ and ’accusative’, whilethe value ’oblique’ conflates ’genitive’ and ’dative’.

20

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

Adverb (R)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typegeneralgparticlepcausalonegativez
adjectivalaverbalv
modifierm
specifiers
int_relw
portmanteaucinterrogative q- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlativeselativee* ***************************** *3 Cliticnonyesy- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 6 Wh_Type
relativerquestionq=================================

EN
x

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

x
x

x

x

x

ET
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x
x
x

x

x

x

x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
EN

RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

21

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.8

Adposition (S)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typeprepositionp
postpositiont- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation
simplescompoundc* ***************************** *3 Casenominativen(req.by prep.) genitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali- -------------- -------------- 4 Clitic
no
n
yes
y
=================================

3.9
EN
x

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

ET
x

HU
x

x
x

x

x

x

x

x
x

x

EN

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x

x

x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

22

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

Conjunction (C)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecoordinatingcsubordinating s
portmanteaur* ***************************** *2 Formation
simplescompoundc- -------------- -------------- 3 Coord_Type
simples
repetitrcorrelatcsentencepwords
w
initiali
non_initialn- -------------- -------------- 4 Sub_Type
negativezpositivep- -------------- -------------- 5 Clitic
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 6 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 7 Person
first1
second2
third3=================================

EN
x

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

ET
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

EN

RO

SL

x
x
x
CS

BG

ET

HU

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

23

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.10

Numeral (M)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecardinalcordinalofractalfmultiplemcollectlspecials- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentalidirectr
obliqueopartitive
1
illativex
inessive2
elativeeallativet
adessive3
ablativebtranslative
4
terminative
9
essivew
abessive
5
komitativekaditive
7
temporalismcausaliscsublativesdelativehsociativeqfactiveysuperessivep
distributive
uessive_formal f

EN
x

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

ET
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x

x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

24

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables
multiplicative 6* ***************************** *5 Form
digit
d
roman
r
letterlbothbm_formm
approxa- -------------- -------------- 6 Definiteness
no
n
yes
y
short_artsfull_artf- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 8 Classdefinite11
definite22
definite34
3
definitefdemonstrative dindefiniteiinterrogative q
relativer- -------------- -------------- 9 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number
singularspluralp================================= EN

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

x
x
HU

Notes:
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

In the Romanian case system the value ’direct’ conflates ’nominative’ and ’accusative’, whilethe value ’oblique’ conflates ’genitive’ and ’dative’.

25

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.11

Interjection (I)= ============== ============== = EN
P ATT
VAL
C x
= ============== ============== =1 Type
mood
m
other
o
- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation
simplescompoundc================================= EN

3.12

3.13
RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

ET
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x
x

RO

SL

CS

x
x
BG

ET

HU

x
x
HR

x
x
SR

SL-ROZAJResidual (X)= ============== ============== = EN
P ATT
VAL
C x
= ============== ============== ================================== EN

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

ET
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ

26

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

Abbreviation (Y)= ============== ============== = EN
P ATT
VAL
C x
= ============== ============== =1 Syntactic_Type nominalnverbalv
adjectivalaadverbialr
pronominalp- ------------------------------2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralppaucalc- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentalidirectr
obliqueovocativev
partitive
1
illativex
inessive2
elativeeallativet
adessive3
ablativebtranslative
4
terminative
9
essivew
abessive
5
komitativekaditive7- -------------- -------------- 5 Definiteness
yes
y
no
n
================================= EN

RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

BG
x

x
x
x
x
x

ET
x

HU
x

HR
x

SR
x

x

x

x

x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

HR

SR

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

SL-ROZAJ
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

SL-ROZAJ

Notes:In the Romanian case system the value ’direct’ conflates ’nominative’ and ’accusative’, whilethe value ’oblique’ conflates ’genitive’ and ’dative’.

27

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.14

Particle (Q)= ============== ============== = EN
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typenegativez
infinitivensubjunctives
aspectafuturef
generalgcomparativec
verbalv
interrogative qmodaloaffirmativer- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation
simplescompoundc- -------------- -------------- 3 Clitic
no
n
yes
y
================================= EN

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.15
RO
x

SL
x

CS
x

x
x
x
x
x

BG
x

ET

HU

x

x
x
x
x
x

HR
x

SR
x

x

x

x
x
x

x
x
x

HR

SR

SL-ROZAJ
x

x
x
x
x
RO

SL

CS

BG

ET

HU

SL-ROZAJ

28

List of attributes

In this section all the attributes presented in the tables are listed in alphabetical order. For
some attributes which are not self-explanatory, a brief description of their semantics is provided.

Attribute
AnimateAspectCase
Class
CliticClitic s
Coord Type
Courtesy
Definiteness
DegreeForm
Formation
GenderModific Type
Negative
Number
Owned Number
Owner Gender
Owner Number
Owner Person
PersonPronoun Form
Referent TypeSub Type
Syntactic Type
Tense
Type
VForm
Voice
Wh Form

Relevant to Category
Adj Art Noun Num Pron Verb
Verb
Abbr Adj Adpos Art Det Noun Num Pron Verb
Num
Adj Adpos Adv Art Conj Det Noun Num Part Pron Verb
Pron
Conj
Verb
Abbr Adj Noun Num Pron Verb
Adj AdvNum
Adj Adpos Conj Interj Part
Abbr Adj Art Det Noun Num Pron Verb
Det
Verb
Abbr Adj Adv Art Conj Det Noun Num Pron Verb
Adj Noun Num Pron
Det Pron
Adj Det Noun Num Pron
Adj Noun Num Pron
Adv Conj Det Pron Verb
Pron
Pron
Conj
Abbr Pron
Verb
Adj Adpos Adv Art Conj Det Interj Noun Num Part Pron Verb
Verb
Verb
Adv Det Pron

Class: distinguishes subtypes of Numerals in Czech which have a distinct syntactic distributions: e.g. subclasses for 1, 2, 3&4, etc. are distinguished.

Clitic s: the ’yes’ value of the Clitic s attribute denotes Czech pronouns having the clitic morpheme ’s’ appended as a suffix.

Definiteness: corresponds to the definite and indefinite article in English, which is expressedin the Slavic languages by suffixes. For Bulgarian singular masculine there are two forms:
full article and short article (full is used when a sing.masc. form is the syntactic subject

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

29of the clause, otherwise short article is used). The distinction full vs. short is not madefor feminine, neuter and plural forms. Definiteness is also used in Romanian.
Form: used to distinguish different forms of numerals (Roman, digit, ’letter’) and in Bulgarianalso for the semantic distinction between numerals that refer to male persons (but not
children) or groups of male+female.
Formation: refers to the graphical components: simple, i.e. consisting of one word; compound,i.e. consisting of more than one word.
Modific Type: refers to the prenominal or postnominal positions of Determiners which distinguish different forms in Romanian.
Negative: the value ’yes’ encodes negative verbal word-forms in Slavic languages and Estonian.
Owned Number: in the Hungarian system, different word-forms are distinguished for nominals on the basis of so called ’anaphoric possessive’ number, i.e. the number of the thing(s)possessed by the nominal in question.
Owner Gender: used to encode the Gender of the possessor in Pronouns and (in Romanian)
Determiners.
Owner Number: used to specify the possessor number in Pronouns, as well as (in Romanian)in Determiners, and (in Hungarian) in Adjectives and Nouns.
Owner Person: used to specify the possessor person in in Hungarian in Adjectives and Nouns.
Pronoun Form: used to encode weak and strong pronouns in Romanian.
Referent Type: used to distinguish reflexive personal from reflexive possessive pronouns in
the Slavic languages. In Bulgarian, it also describes a subdivision on the basis of semantic features which have effect on the morpho-syntactic paradigm, e.g. quantitative: thepronoun refers to quantity, etc.
Sub Type: used in Romanian to distinguish negative from positive Conjunctions.
Syntactic Type: used to distinguish the nominal and adjectival function of Pronouns in Croatian, Resian and Czech. Furthermore, in Slovene and Serbian, the adverbial function ofcertain Pronouns is distinguished. Also used in Abbreviations to signal the Part of Speechof the abbreviation; currently used only by Romanian and Estonian.

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables

3.16

30

List of values with codes

The values presented within the tables are, in the following, listed in alphabetical order; the firstcolumn gives the name of the value, the second column its code and the third lists attributes
for which the value is appropriate.
Value
1s2s
abessive
ablativeaccusative
activeadessiveaditiveadjectival
adverbial
allativeaoristapproxarticleaspectattributive
auxiliary
base
both
bound
cardinal
causalcausalis
collect
collective
commoncomparative
compoundconditional
coordinating
copulacorrelatcount
dativedefinitedefinite1
definite2
definite34
delativedemonstrative

C
2
5
b
a
a
3
7
a
r
t
a
a
a
a
a
a
b
b
b
c
o
c
l
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
t
d
f
1
2
3
h
d

Attribute(s)Definiteness
Case
Case
Case
Voice
Case
Case
Syntactic Type, Type
Syntactic Type
Case
Tense
Form
Type
Type
Referent Type
Type
VForm
Form
Clitic
Type
Type
Case
Type
NumberType
Degree, Type
Formation
VForm
Type
Type
Coord Type
NumberCase
Class, Type
Class
Class
Class
Case
Class, Type

Value
determinal
digit
diminutive
directdistributive
dual
elativeemphatic
essiveessive formal
exclamative
ex therefactivefeminine
firstfractalfull art
futuregeneralgenitivegerundillative
imperativeimperfectindefinite
indicative
inessive
infinitive
initialinstrumental
int relinterrogative
komitative
letterlocativem formmain
masculine
modal

C
m
d
d
r
u
d
e
h
w
f
e
t
y
f
1
f
f
f
g
g
g
x
m
i
i
i
2
n
i
i
w
q
k
l
l
m
m
m
o

Attribute(s)
Type
Form
DegreeCase
Case
Number, Owner Number
Case, Degree
Type
Case
Case
Type
Type/P
Case
Gender, Owner Gender
Owner Person, Person
Type
Definiteness
Tense, Type
Type
Case
VForm
Case
VForm
Tense
Class, Type
VForm
Case
Type, VForm
Coord Type
Case
Type
Class, Type
Case
Form
Case
Form
Type
Gender, Owner GenderTypeMULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Common Tables
Value
modifiermood
multiple
multiplicative
negativeneuter
no

C
m
m
m
6
z
n
n

nominalnnominative
non initial
obliqueordinalotherparticiple
particlepartitive
passivepast
perfective
personal
pluperfectplural

n
n
o
o
o
p
p
1
p
s
e
p
l
p

portmanteau
portmanteau
positive
possessive
postnomin
postposition
prenominpreposition
present
progressive
pronominal
proper

c
r
p
s
o
t
e
p
p
p
p
p

Attribute(s)
Type
Type
Type
Case
Sub Type, Type
Gender, Owner Gender
Animate, Clitic, Clitic s,
Courtesy, Definiteness,
Negative
Formation,
Syntactic Type
Case
Coord Type
Case
Type
Type
VForm
Type
Case
Voice
Tense
AspectReferent Type, Type
Tense
Number, Owned Number,
Owner Number
Type (Adverb)
Type (Conjunction)
Degree, Sub Type
Referent Type, Type
Modific TypeType
Modific Type
Type
Tense
AspectSyntactic Type
Type

Value
qualificative
quantitative
question
quotative
reciprocal
reflexive
relative
repetitroman
secondsentence
short art
simplesingularsociative
specialspecifierstrongsubjunctive
sublative
subordinatingsuperessive
superlativesupinetemporalis
terminative
third
transgressive
translative
verbalvocative
weak
words
yes

C
f
q
q
q
y
x
r
r
r
2
p
s
s
s

q
s
s
s
s
s
s
p
s
u
m
9
3
t
4
v
v
w
w
y

31
Attribute(s)TypeReferent TypeWh Type
VForm
Type
Type
Class, Type, Wh Type
Coord Type
Form
Owner Person, Person
Coord TypeDefiniteness
Coord Type, Formation
Number,Owned Number,
Owner Number
Case
Type/M
Type/R
Pronoun Form
Type, VForm
Case
Type
Case
Degree
VForm
Case
Case
Owner Person, Person
VForm
Case
Type
Case
Pronoun Form
Coord Type
Animate, Clitic,
Clitic s, Courtesy,
Definiteness, Negative

Part III

Language Specific Applications

32

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English
10Owned_Number=================================

1.2 Combinations

Chapter 4

Application to English
Authors:
Nancy Ide, Greg Priest-Dorman, Tomaž Erjavec.
The specification is based on the MULTEXT application to English, detailed in MULTEXT
Milestone B Deliverable D1.6.1B, March 1995.

4.1

Noun (N)1.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecommonc
properp- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 4 Case
* ***************************** *5 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 6 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 7 Animate- -------------- -------------- 8 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 9 Owner_Person---------------- -------------- -LexiconDefinition-----------------------------------Nc
Noun common
Nc-p
Noun common plural
Nc-s
Noun common singular
Ncf
Noun common feminine
Ncfp
Noun common feminine plural
Ncfs
Noun common feminine singular
Ncm
Noun common masculine
Ncmp
Noun common masculine plural
Ncms
Noun common masculine singular
Ncn
Noun common neuter
Ncnp
Noun common neuter plural
Ncns
Noun common neuter singular
Np
Noun proper
Np-p
Noun proper plural
Np-s
Noun proper singular
Npfs
Noun proper feminine singular
Npms
Noun proper masculine singular
Npnp
Noun proper neuter plural
Npns
Noun proper neuter singular

4.2

Verb (V)

2.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typemainmauxiliaryamodalol.s. baseb- -------------- -------------- 2 VForm
indicativei
conditionalcinfinitivenparticiplep- -------------- -------------- 3 Tense
presentppasts- -------------- -------------- 4 Person
first1
second
2

33

34

35

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English
third
3- -------------- -------------- 5 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 6 Gender*********************************
7 Voice- -------------- -------------- 8 Negative- -------------- -------------- 9 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 10Clitic- -------------- -------------- 11Case- -------------- -------------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Aspect!NEW in V2!
- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy!NEW in V3!
=================================

are
is
was
were
been
being
will
would

futurewill/shall + baseconditional
would/should + basepassivebe + past participle
perfect
have + past participle
past perfecthave-past + past participle
present continuous be + present participle
infinitive
to + base"aspect"

attribute or

Vaip-p, Vaip2s, Vmip-p, Vmip2s
Vaip3s, Vmip3s
Vais1s, Vais3s, Vmis1s, Vmis3s
Vacs, Vais-p, Vais2s, Vmis-p, Vmis2s,
Vais, Vaps
Vapp
Vmn, Vmip-p, Vmip1s, Vmip2s, Voip
Voip

2.2 Combinations

Notes:
These tags do not attempt to represent distinctions found in thevarious compound verb-forms. These are composed of a sequence ofauxiliary and non-finite verb as follows:

So there is no

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English"future"value,

for example.

Examples:goVmn, Vmip-p, Vmip1s, Vmip2s
goes
Vmip3sgoing Vmpp
gone
Vmps
went
Vmis
have
Van, Vmn, Vaip-p, Vaip1s, Vaip2s, Vmip-p, Vmip1s, Vmip2s
has
Vaip3s, Vmip3s
had
Vais, Vmis, Vmps
having Vapp, Vmppbe
Van, Vmnp
am
Vaip1s, Vmip1s

LexiconDefinition-----------------------------------Vacs
Verb auxiliary conditional past
Vaip-pVerb auxiliary indicative present plural
Vaip1sVerb auxiliary indicative present first singular
Vaip2sVerb auxiliary indicative present second singular
Vaip3sVerb auxiliary indicative present third singular
Vais
Verb auxiliary indicative past
Vais-pVerb auxiliary indicative past plural
Vais1sVerb auxiliary indicative past first singular
Vais2sVerb auxiliary indicative past second singular
Vais3sVerb auxiliary indicative past third singular
Van
Verb auxiliary infinitive
Vapp
Verb auxiliary participle present
Vaps
Verb auxiliary participle past
Vmcs
Verb main conditional past
Vmip
Verb main indicative present
Vmip-pVerb main indicative present plural
Vmip1sVerb main indicative present first singular
Vmip2sVerb main indicative present second singular
Vmip3sVerb main indicative present third singular
Vmis
Verb main indicative past
Vmis-pVerb main indicative past plural
Vmis1sVerb main indicative past first singular
Vmis2sVerb main indicative past second singular
Vmis3sVerb main indicative past third singular
Vmn
Verb main infinitive
Vmnp
Verb main infinitive present
Vmpp
Verb main participle present
Vmps
Verb main participle past
Voip
Verb modal indicative present

4.3

Adjective (A)

3.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C

36

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English= ============== ============== =1 Typequalificative f- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlatives- -------------- -------------- 3 Gender- -------------- -------------- 4 Number- -------------- -------------- 5 Case
* ***************************** *6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 8 Animate- -------------- -------------- 9 Formation- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person---------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================

Notes:
Gender, number and case irrelevant for English.
Attributive/predicative distinction reflects positional constraints some adjectives (’mere’,’utter’, etc.) only appear in prenominal
position, while others (’awake’,’devoid’, etc.) only appear inpredicative position. Most can appear in either.
Since many English comparatives & superlatives are formed with
more/most, "positive" cannot be interpreted as "neither comparative
nor superlative". See "Adverbs".
Examples:big
Af, Afp
biggerAfcbiggestAfs
more peculiar
Rsc + Afp
most remarkable Rss + Afp
awake
Afp
mere
Afp

3.2 Combinations

37

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English

LexiconDefinition-----------------------------------Af
Adjective qualificative
Afc
Adjective qualificative comparative
Afp
Adjective qualificative positive
Afs
Adjective qualificative superlative

4.4

Pronoun (P)4.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typepersonalppossessivesinterrogative q
relativerreflexivexgeneralgl.s. ex_theret- -------------- -------------- 2 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativenaccusativea- -------------- -------------- 6 Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 7 Owner_Gendermasculinemfemininef*********************************
8 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 9 Referent_Type- -------------- -------------- 10Syntactic_Type- -------------- -------------- 11Definiteness-38

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English- -------------- -------------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Pronoun_Form- -------------- -------------- 15Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 16Owned_Number- -------------- -------------- 17Wh_Type
relativerquestionq=================================

Notes:"General" pronouns are those which are not personal, possessive,
demonstrative or reflexive. The choice of these four categories isbased on distributional facts, though at a rather high level ofabstraction.
They enter into anaphoric dependencies
which aresignalled morphosyntactically and are therefore (in principle) moreamenable to automatic detection. Most general pronouns do not,although they too sometimes encode number information.
"WH" attribute added to allow for combination of possessive and WH in"whose".
Examples:Pg3nsome, all, ...
Pg3ns
each, something, nothing, everything, -body, ...
Pg3np
both, ...
Pg3ns
this, that
Pg3np
these, thosePs3---s
mine
Ps3
yours
Ps3---smhis
Ps3---sf
hers?
its
Ps3---pours, theirs
Ps3--------------q Ps3--------------r whose
Pp1-snI
Pp2
you
Pp3msnhe
Pp3fsnshe
Pp3ns
it
Pp1-pnwe
Pp--pnthey
Pp--snme
Pp3msahim
Pp3fsaher
Pp1-paus

39

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English
Pp3-pathem
Px1-s
myselfPx2-s
yourself
Px3ms
himself
Px3fs
herself
Px3ns
itselfPx1-p
ourselves
Px2-p
yourselves
Px3-p
themselves
Pg3--------------q Pg3--------------r which, whateverPg3--------------q what

4.2 Combinations
LexiconDefinition--------------------------------------------------------------------------Pg3--------------q Pronoun general third question
Pg3--------------r Pronoun general third relative
Pg3-p
Pronoun general third plural
Pg3-sPronoun general third singular
Pg3fs
Pronoun general third feminine singular
Pg3ms
Pronoun general third masculine singularPg3n
Pronoun general third neuter
Pg3np
Pronoun general third neuter plural
Pg3ns
Pronoun general third neuter singularPp---------------q Pronoun personal question
Pp---------------r Pronoun personal relative
Pp---a-----------q Pronoun personal accusative question
Pp---a-----------r Pronoun personal accusative relativePp--pnPronoun personal plural nominativePp--snPronoun personal singular nominative
Pp1-paPronoun personal first plural accusative
Pp1-pnPronoun personal first plural nominative
Pp1-snPronoun personal first singular nominative
Pp2
Pronoun personal second
Pp2-p
Pronoun personal second pluralPp3-paPronoun personal third plural accusative
Pp3fs
Pronoun personal third feminine singular
Pp3fsaPronoun personal third feminine singular accusative
Pp3fsnPronoun personal third feminine singular nominative
Pp3ms
Pronoun personal third masculine singular
Pp3msaPronoun personal third masculine singular accusative
Pp3msnPronoun personal third masculine singular nominative
Pp3ns
Pronoun personal third neuter singular
Ps3
Pronoun possessive third
Ps3--------------q Pronoun possessive third question
Ps3--------------r Pronoun possessive third relative
Ps3---pPronoun possessive third pluralPs3---sPronoun possessive third singularPs3---sf
Pronoun possessive third singular feminine
Ps3---sm
Pronoun possessive third singular masculine
Pt3
Pronoun ex_there third

40

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English
Px1-p
Px2-p
Px2-s
Px3-p
Px3-s
Px3fs
Px3ms
Px3ns

4.5

Pronoun reflexive first plural
Pronoun reflexive second plural
Pronoun reflexive second singular
Pronoun reflexive third plural
Pronoun reflexive third singular
Pronoun reflexive third feminine singular
Pronoun reflexive third masculine singular
Pronoun reflexive third neuter singular

Determiner (D)5.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typedemonstrative dindefiniteipossessivesl.s. generalg- -------------- -------------- 2 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 3 Gender- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Case- -------------- -------------- 6 Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 7 Owner_Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern*********************************
8 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 9 Modific_Type- -------------- -------------- 10Wh_Type
relativerquestionq=================================

Notes:

41

42

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English
Definite and indefinite articles

represented asvaluesof

Examples:
Dd
the
Di
a/an
Dg--s
this, thatDg--pthese, thoseDs1---smyDs2
yourDs3---smhis
Ds3---sfherDs3---snits
Ds1---pourDs3---ptheirDs--------q Ds--------r
whose
Dg--------q Dg--------r
which
Dg--------q
whatDg
each, some, ...
Dg--pall, both, certain, many, ...

5.2 Combinations
LexiconDefinition----------------------------------------------Dd
Determiner demonstrative
Dg
Determiner generalDg--------q
Determiner general question
Dg--------r
Determiner general relative
Dg--p
Determiner general plural
Dg--s
Determiner general singularDi
Determiner indefinite
Ds--------q
Determiner possessive question
Ds--------r
Determiner possessive relative
Ds1---p
Determiner possessive first plural
Ds1---s
Determiner possessive first singular
Ds2
Determiner possessive second
Ds3---p
Determiner possessive third plural
Ds3---sf
Determiner possessive third singular feminine
Ds3---sm
Determiner possessive third singular masculine
Ds3---sn
Determiner possessive third singular neuter

4.6

Article (T)Not applicable.

4.7

Adverb (R)

7.1 Lexicon"Type".

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typemodifierml.s. specifiers- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlatives*********************************
3 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 4 Number- -------------- -------------- 5 Person- -------------- -------------- 6 Wh_Type
relativerquestionq=================================

43

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English
Rsc
Rsp
Rss

4.8

Adverb specifier comparative
Adverb specifier positive
Adverb specifier superlative

Adposition (S)8.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typeprepositionp
postpositiont- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation*********************************
3 Case- -------------- -------------- 4 Clitic=================================

Notes:
No distinction has been made between different types of "modifier"adverbs ("sentence-modifying", "VP-modifying", etc.), since theirdistributions overlap considerably.

Examples:Rmp Rspso, too, very, as
R-p---qhow
Rmp Rscmore
Rmp Rss
most
Rmp
quickly, soon, here, then, now
Rmc
better, worse
Rms
best, worst
Rmp---q Rmp---r where, when,R-p---qhowRmp---q
why

7.2 Combinations
LexiconDefinition-----------------------------------R-p---q
Adverb positive question
Rmc
Adverb modifier comparative
Rmp
Adverb modifier positive
Rmp---q
Adverb modifier positive question
Rmp---r
Adverb modifier positive relative
Rms
Adverb modifier superlative

Notes:
Postpositions are rare in English.
"possessive" ’s and ’ might be considered postpositions, especially if
the alternative is to assign them to the unique membership class(where by definition they would be unrelated).
Examples:SpStin, near, behind,...
notwithstanding, ago

8.2 Combinations
LexiconDefinition-----------------------------------S
Adposition
Sp
Adposition preposition
St
Adposition postposition

4.9

Conjunction (C)9.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== =

44

45

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecoordinatingcsubordinating s*********************************
2 Formation- -------------- -------------- 3 Coord_Type l.s
l.s. initialil.s. non_initialn- -------------- -------------- 4 Sub_Type- -------------- -------------- 5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 6 Number- -------------- -------------- 7 Person=================================- -------------- -------------- 2 Gender- -------------- -------------- 3 Number- -------------- -------------- 4 Case*********************************
5 Form- -------------- -------------- 6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 8 Class- -------------- -------------- 9 Animate- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================

Notes:
Subordinating
conjunctions are(before, after, since, ...).

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English

often

identical

toprepositions
Notes:

Examples:Cc-n and, or, but
Cc-i either, neither, bothCs
for, that, because, ...

9.2 Combinations
LexiconDefinition-----------------------------------Cc
Conjunction coordinating
Cc-i
Conjunction coordinating initial
Cc-n
Conjunction coordinating non_initial
Cs
Conjunction subordinating

4.10

These have not been subsumed under adjectives, pronouns, determiners,
etc.
because theinternalstructure of complex
numerals is
idiosyncratic.
Examples:
Mc
six
Mo
sixth

10.2 Combinations
LexiconDefinition-----------------------------------Mc
Numeral cardinal
Mo
Numeral ordinal

Numeral (M)10.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecardinalcordinalo

4.11Interjection (I)11.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =46

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— English

47

1 Type- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation=================================

11.2 Combinations
LexiconDefinition-----------------------------------I
Interjection

4.12

Chapter 5

Application to RomanianResidual (X)Not applicable.

Authors:
D.Tufiş and A.M.Barbu.

4.13

5.1

Abbreviation (Y)13.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Syntactic_Type- ------------------------------2 Gender- -------------- -------------- 3 Number- -------------- -------------- 4 Case- -------------- -------------- 5 Definiteness=================================

10.2 Combinations
LexiconDefinition-----------------------------------Y
Abbreviation

Noun (N)In Romanian the following attribute-value pairs are applicable to Nouns:

1.1 Type
Attribute
Type

value
commonproper(c)(p)

Ro. example
carte
Ion

1.2 Gender
Attribute
Gendervalue
masculine (m)feminine(f)
neuter(n)

Ro. examplebăiatulcasa
fir (m.sg.),fire (f.pl.)

In Romanian the declension of a neuter noun always follows in singulara masculine paradigm and in plural a feminine one. Specificimplementations could take advantage of this rule and by organizing
the paradigmatic space in partial paradigms (masc-sing, masc-pl,
fem-sing, fem-pl) to get rid of neuter value for the gender attribute.

1.3 Number

4.14

Particle (Q)Not applicable.

Attribute
Numbervalue
singularplural(s)(p)

Ro. example
fată
fete

48

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian49

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian

Lexicon
1.4 Case
Combinations
There are five functional cases in Romanian (nominative, genitive,
dative, accusative and vocative) but they are expressed by at mostthree syncretic forms for each number: 1. nominative-accusative;
2. genitive-dative; 3. vocative. The ambiguity of a syncretic caseform may be solved at the syntactic level. Taking into account this
syncretism we considered the following attribute-value combinations.
Attribute
Case

value
direct(d)oblique (o)vocative (v)Ro. example
omul
omuluiomule

At the word level, the distinction between the three syncretic forms
is possible only for the definite nouns. Masculine indefinite nouns
are not differentiated by case (except, sometimes for vocative. The
feminine indefinite nouns have different forms in singular for
nominative-accusative, genitive-dative and vocative, but thegenitive-dative singular forms are also indistinguishable from theplural forms:
fată
fato
fete
băiatbăietebăieţi- nominative-accusative, vocative singular, indefinite- vocative singular, indefinite- genitive-dative singular, nominative-accusative,
genitive-dative, vocative plural, indefinite- nominative-accusative, genitive-dative, vocative
singular, indefinite- vocative singular, indefinite- nominative-accusative, genitive-dative, vocative,
plural, indefinite

1.5 DefinitenessIn Romanian, nouns can be marked for definiteness with the enclitic
definite article.
Attribute
Definitenessvalue
yes (y)no (n)

Ro. example
omulomHere, and in all the sections to follow, the trailing hyphens are deleted.
=========================Tag
Example=========================
Ncmsrnfrate
Ncmsonfrate
Ncmsvnfrate
NcmsryfrateleNcmsoyfrateluiNcmprnfraţi
NcmponfraţiNcmpvnfraţiNcmpryfraţii
Ncmpoyfraţilor
Ncmpvyfraţilor
Ncfsrnsoră
Ncfsvnsoro
NcfsonsuroriNcfprnsurori
NcfponsuroriNcfpvnsuroriNcfsoyysoră(-sii)
Ncfprysurorile
Ncfpoysurorilor
Ncfpvysurorilor
Ncfsryysoră(-sa)
NcmsrncreionNcmsoncreionNcmsryycreionu-(i)Ncmsoycreionului
Ncfprncreioane
NcfponcreioaneNcfprycreioanele
Ncfpoycreioanelor
Npfsr
Ioana
Npfso
IoaneiNpmsrnBucureşti
NpmsryBucureştiul

1.6 Clitic

5.2

See discussion in 2.10
Attribute
Cliticvalue
no (n)yes (y)Ro. example
sorasoru-mea

Verb (V)The following attribute-value pairs are applicable to verbs in Romanian:

2.1 Type

50

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— RomanianAttribute
Type

value
main (m)auxiliary (a)modal (o)copulative (c)Ro. example
a vedeaa avea, a fi, a voi
a putea, a trebuia fi, a deveni

51

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romaniansecond (2)third (3)

vezi
vede

The following features are pertinent to those moods which permit anadjectival use, i.e. participle and gerund. However, the adjectival
use of gerund is extremely rare (o m^ană tremurndă
- a shaking hand) and therefore gender and number apply mainly for theparticiple.

2.2 VForm
Traditionally, Romanian linguistics distinguishes between predicativeand non-predicative moods. This distinction may be easily mapped into
finite/non-finite dichotomy: indicative, subjunctive and imperative
are finite; infinitive, participle and gerund are non-finite (onlysynthetic (non-compound) moods were mentioned; we use the opposition
synthetic-analytic to distinguish between concatenative (synthetic)
and compound (analytic) morpho-lexical phenomena).

2.5 Number
Attribute
Numbervalue
singular (s)plural (p)Ro. examplebătutbătuţivalue
masculine(m)feminine(f)neuter(n)Ro. examplebătutbătutăbătut-bătute

2.6 Gender
Attribute
VForm

value
indicative(i)subjunctive (s)imperative (m)infinitive (n)participle (p)gerund (g)Ro. example
vine
vină
vino
veni
venit
venindAttribute
Gender

2.7, 2.8, 2.9 Voice, Negation, DefinitenessAs only synthetic forms were considered, the values conditional andpresumptive for the VForm attribute were left out in Romanian. Anothervalue for VForm which was left out is the Supine. It appears mostly
with a preposition, except for a few intransitive verbs when they aresubordinated to the impersonal verb a trebui (must). Only the
preposition allows for differentiating a supine from aparticiple-masculine-singular.

2.3 Tense
The synthetic values for the attribute Tense, as listed in the tablebelow, apply to the indicative mood. The value p (present) is usedalso for subjunctive and infinitive. All the other moods either haveno tense or have compound form tenses.
Attribute
Tense

value
present (p)imperfect (i)past (s)pluperfect (l)Ro. examplevădvedeamvăzuivăzusem

2.10 Clitic
The cliticization phenomenon in Romanian is not restricted toverb-pronoun relationship, but may also be observed with the (main)verb and the auxiliary, the noun or adjective with pronoun, with nounor adjective with copula, pronoun with auxiliary, preposition with(indefinite) article, numeral or (indefinite) pronoun, negative adverbwith verb, auxiliary or pronoun, and some others (mainly createdthrough the contracted forms of the verb "a fi"-to be). We restrict
ourselves to considering only the graphically marked clicitizations.
In such cases, the two, three or (sometimes) four constituents of acliticized word-form are always separated by a hyphen. Omitting thehyphen in such cases is an unacceptable error in written Romanian.
The examples below illustrate the specific types of cliticization wewill consider:dă-mi-l !
lăsatu-ne-ai
sparge-ţi-s-ar lampa

2.4 Person
Attribute
PersonAs these feature values are either realized as compound forms orare irrelevant for Romanian they were omitted in our word-level encoding.

value
first (1)Ro. examplevădsoră-miifaţa-i(you give +to me+it/him = give it/him to me)(left + us+ you have = you have left us)(break + your + s-part-conj + has lamp =I wish your lamp would break)(sister + my = to my sister)(his/her face | the face is)52

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanianroşu-im-auı^ntr-o gaurăı^ntr-o orăı^ntr-unele
n-aud
n-am
nu-mi

(his/her red | the red is )(me + they have )(in + a hole)(in + one hour)(into + some of)(not + I hear = I do not hear)(not + I/we have = I have not )(not + to me )The order in which different constituents of a cliticized form appear
is governed by precise morphological rules. For instance, theauxiliaries always appear in the last position. The main verbs, except
those beginning either with the letter "a" or the letter ı^ andthe contracted forms (-s and -i) of the verb "a fi"- to be, always
appear in the first position, nouns and adjectives always precede thecliticized pronouns, the negative adverbial particles nu- and n- only
appear in the first position, and so on. However, in order to reduce
spurious ambiguity in morpho-lexical encoding, we considered theattribute CLITIC as relevant only in those cases where theclicitization phenomenon resulted in graphemic modification of thecliticized term (as it is the epenthetic u in the gerund form shown in
the table below).
Attribute
Cliticvalue
no (n)yes (y)LexiconCombinations========================Tag
Example========================
Vmii1sabandonam
Vmii2sabandonai
Vmii3sabandona
Vmii1pabandonam
Vmii2pabandonaţi
Vmii3pabandonau
Vmis1sabandonai
Vmis2sabandonaşi
Vmis3sabandonăVmis1pabandonarăm
Vmis2pabandonarăţi
Vmis3pabandonăVmil1sabandonasem
Vmil2sabandonaseşi
Vmil3sabandonase
Vmil1pabandonaserăm
Vmil2pabandonaserăţiRo. example
am ridicat
ridic^
andu-l53

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian
Vmil3pVmip1sVmsp1sVmip2sVmsp2sVmip3sVmip3pVmsp3sVmsp3pVmsp1pVmsp2pVmm-2s
Vmm-2pVmnp
Vmp--smVmp--sm---y
Vmp--sf
Vmp--pf
Vmp--pmVmg
Vmg-------yVa--1sVoip
Vcip1sVcip3pVcip1s----yVcip3p----y5.3

abandonaseră
abandonez
abandonez
abandonezi
abandonezi
abandonează
abandonează
abandoneze
abandoneze
abandonăm
abandonaţiabandonează
abandonaţiabandona
abandonat
abandonatu
abandonatăabandonate
abandonaţiabandon^andabandon^andu
as,trebuie
sunt
sunt
-s
-s

Adjective (A)

3.1 Type
Although it is not common practice in Romanian linguistics, one could
make the distinction between qualificative and determinative
adjectives. However, the attribute-value pairs proposed in thissection are appropriate for the qualificative adjectives.
Attribute
Type

value
qualificative (f)Ro. example
frumos

3.2 Degree
The default value is positive; adjectives have also comparative andsuperlative degrees, but in most of the cases they are expressed bymeans of analytical forms (e.g. comp. mai bun (better), superl. cel
mai bun (the best)). A few adjectives have intrinsic etymologicalcomparative or superlative meanings (e.g. comparatives: anterior,major; superlatives: optim, maxim, extrem etc.). The prefixes super-,54

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian
extra-, ultra- etc., are quite productive in forming thequasi-analytic1 superlatives. Adjectives are characterized by gender,
number and case.
Attribute
Degreevalue
positive (p)comparative (c)superlative (s)Ro. example
frumosulterior
extrem

3.3 Gender
Attribute
Gendervalue
masculine (m)feminine (f)neuter (n)Ro. example
bun
bună
sg.bun/pl.bune

value
singular (s)plural (p)Ro. example
bun
buni

3.4 Number
Attribute
Number

3.5 Case
The adjectives present the same case syncretism as the nouns, except
for few adjectives that have an additional special form for
Genitive-Dative cases in plural (e.g. G.D.pl. multor).
Attribute
Case

value
direct(r)oblique (o)vocative (v)Ro. example
bunul
bunuluibunule55

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— RomanianSee discussion on clitics in 2.10

LexiconCombinations====================Tag
Example====================
Afpmsrnbun
Afpmsonbun
Afpmsvnbun
Afpmprnbuni
Afpmponbuni
Afpmpvnbuni
Afpmsrybunul
Afpmsoybunului
Afpmprybunii
AfpmpoybunilorAfpfsrnbună
Afpfsvnbună
Afpfsonbune
Afpfprnbune
Afpfponbune
Afpfpvnbune
Afpfsrybuna
Afpfsoybunei
Afpfpry
buneleAfpfpoy
bunelorAfcmsrnulterior
Afcmsonulterior
AfsmsrnextremAfp
gri

3.6 DefinitenessIn noun-adjective construction, the definite article may attach
enclitically to either adjectives or modified nouns (never to both ofthem). If present, the definite article attaches to the right of thefirst word in the sequence.
Bunul om (The kind man)
Omul bun. (The kind man)
Attribute
Definiteness3.7 Cliticvalue
yes (y)no (n)

Ro. example
bunul
bun

5.4

Pronoun (P)4.1 Type
In Romanian it is worth differentiating the negative pronoun fromother indefinite pronouns: a negative pronoun cannot be an argument
for a verb unless the verb itself is negated too (e.g. Nu amvăzut pe nimeni / *Am văzut pe nimeni).
Attribute
Type

value
demonstrative(d)indefinite (i)possesive(s)Ro. example
acestaoricine(al) meu

56

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian
int_rel (w)personal(p)reflexive(x)negative (z)emphatic (h)

ce
eu
se
nimeniı^nsumi

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian
Owner_Number

singular (s)plural (p)meunostruThe gramatical number of the possesed object(s) is expressed by theattribute Number (described above).

4.7 Owner_Gender

4.2 Person
Attribute
Person57

value
first (1)second (2)third (3)Ro. example
eu
tu
el

This attribute is irrelevant for Romanian.

4.8 Clitic
See discussion on clitics in 2.10.

4.3 Gender
Attribute
Gendervalue
masculine (m)feminine (f)neuter (n)Ro. exampleeleasg.acesta/pl.acestea

4.4 Number
Attribute
Number

4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13 Referent_Type, Syntactic_Type,Definiteness, Animate, Clitic_s
These attributes are irrelevant for Romanian.

4.14 Pronoun_Form
value
singular (s)plural (p)Ro. exampleeunoi

For the second person of the personal pronoun in both singular andplural there is the vocative case too. The direct and oblique values
are needed for the syncretic causal forms of the other pronouns thanthe personal ones.

For Romanian we need an attribute (called Pronoun_Form) to make thedistinction between strong and weak forms of the same pronoun. All the
weak forms can be adjoined to the adjacent words both proclitically or
enclitically. In such cases the junction is always graphically marked
by a hyphen between the pronoun and the neighboring word. The hyphen
also marks possible elisions from either pronoun or the adjacent word.
Although in traditional grammar books the demonstrative, int_rel andindefinite pronouns are not characterised by person, in our
dictionaries they are recorded (for reasons beyond morpho-lexical
encoding) as 3rd person (the same as nouns). However, for the
automatic tagging this value has been marked as irrelevant.

Attribute
Case

Attribute
Pronoun_Form

4.5 Casevalue
nominative (n)genitive (g)dative (d)accusative (a)vocative (v)direct(r)oblique (o)Ro. exampleel(al) luilui(pe) eltu, voi!
acestaacestuia

4.6 Owner_NumberThis attribute is meaningful for the Possessive pronouns and refers to
the grammatical number of the possessor.
Attributevalue

Ro. example

valuestrong (s)weak (w)

LexiconCombinations====================================Tag
Example====================================
Pp1msn--------seu
Pp1msd--------w
mi
Pp1msd--------smie

Ro. exampleluiı
^i, i-

58

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian
Pp1msd--y-----s
Pd-msr
Pd-msoPi-mpr
Ps1fsrs
Pw-msoPn-msr
Ph1msr
Ph1fsr
Px3msa--------s
Px3msa--------w
Px3msa--y-----w

miacestaacestuia
toţimea
căruinimeniı^nsumiı^nsămi
sine
se
s-

59

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— RomanianGendermasculine (m)feminine (f)neuter (n)meumeasg.meu/pl.melevaluesingular (s)plural (p)Ro. example
meu
mei

value
direct(d)oblique (o)Ro. example
aceastaacestei

5.4 Number
Attribute
Number

5.5 Case

5.5

Attribute
Case

Determiner (D)

5.1 Type

5.6 Owner_Number

The need for a negative value of the determiners’ Type attribute isargued on the same lines as in the section on pronoun’ s Type. In
Romanian the negative determiner is expressed by the unit nici +indefinite article (e.g. nici un, nici o). In Romanian, there are
specific forms for the so-called emphatic determiner, which may
accompany both a noun and a personal pronoun: fataı^nsăşi (the girl herself), also eaı^nsăşi (she herself).
Attribute
Type

value
demonstrative (d)indefinite (i)possessive (s)int_rel (w)negative (z)emphatic (h)Ro. example
acest
orice
meu
ce
nici unı^nsuşi

This attribute is meaningful for the Possessive determiners and refers
to the grammatical number of the possessor.
Attribute
Owner_NumberThis attribute is irrelevant for Romanian.

5.8 Clitic
See discussion on clitics in 2.10.

This attribute is meaningful for the Possessive determiners and refers
to the grammatical person of the possessor.
Attribute
Personvalue
first (1)second (2)third (3)Ro. example
meu
tău
său

value

Ro. example

5.3 Gender
Attribute

Ro. example
meu
nostru5.7 Owner_Gender

Attribute
Clitic

5.2 Person

valuesingular (s)plural (p)value
no (n)yes (y)Ro. example
mama mea
maică- mea

5.9 Modific_Type
As mentioned in the corresponding section on Pronoun, the Modific_Type
attribute is relevant for some determiners too. The prenominal
determiner always precedes the noun (e.g.acest băiat - thisboy), whereas the postnominal determiner appears only after the noun(e.g. băiatul acesta - this boy).
Attribute
Modific_Type

value
prenominal (e)Ro. example
acest

60

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanianpostnominal (o)acestaLexiconCombinations=======================Tag
Example=======================
Dd-mso---e
acestui
Dd-mso---oacestuia
Di-mprtoţi
Ds1fsrsmea
Dw-msrcare
Dw-msocăruiDz-msrnici_unDh1msrı^nsumiDh1fsrı^nsămi
Although in traditional grammar books the demonstrative, indefinite
and int_rel determiners are not characterised by person, in our
dictionaries they are recorded (for reasons beyond morpho-lexical
encoding) as 3rd person (the same as nouns). However, for the
automatic tagging this value has been marked as irrelevant.

61

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian
one proclitical form (lui + proper noun: lui Ion).
Attribute
Type

value
definite (f)indefinite (i)possessive (s)demonstrative (d)Ro. example
lui
un
al
cel

value
masculine (m)feminine (f)neuter (n)Ro. example
unosg.cel/pl.cele

value
singular (s)plural (p)Ro. example
unniştevalue
direct(r)oblique (o)Ro. example
cel
celui

6.2 Gender
Attribute
Gender

6.3 Number
Attribute
Number

6.4 Case

5.6

Article (T)AttributeCase

6.1 Type
6.5 Clitic
Although it presents only a few items, the article in Romanian has
four types, unlike in most of the European languages. Beside the tworecommended types: definite and indefinite which have the generally
known semantic value, Romanian uses two additional types of articles,
which are semantically subordinated to the definite article but whichhave special forms and meanings:- the possessive article (also called genitival article) is an elementin the structure of the possessive pronoun, of the ordinal numeral(e.g. al meu (mine) and al treilea (the third)), and of the indefinite
genitive forms of the nouns (e.g. capitol al cărţii(chapter of the book)).
- the demonstrative article links a definite noun to its determinants,
links a numeral or an adjective to a noun, and it is a constituent
part of the relative superlative (e.g. fata cea mare (the eldergirl), cel lenes, (the lazy), respectively prietenul cel mai bun(the best friend)).
Notice that the definite article has only enclitic forms, except for

The inflected forms of the foreign-origin words (mainly nouns) not
fully assimilated, are usually written with a hyphen between thebase-form and the inflectional ending. In our encoding, we classified
these endings (which are supposed to be split by the segmenter) as
clitic articles (clitic attribute is always "y") which can be either
definite (type=f, "-istul") or indefinite (type=i, "ist") and arecharacterised by gender (gender=m, "ist"; gender=f, "istă"),number (number=s, "ist"; number=p, "işti") and case (case=r,"istul"; case=o, "istului").

LexiconCombinations=====================Tag
Example=====================
Tfmso
lui
Tffso
lui

62

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian
Timsr
Tsmpr
Tdfso
TimsryTimsoyTfmsryTfmsoy

un
ai
celei
-ist
-ist
-istul-istului63

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanianor adjectives: ex. extrem de bine, formidabil de frumos.
Attribute
Degreevalue
positive (p)comparative (c)superlative (s)Ro. examplebineulterior
extrem

7.3 Clitic

5.7

Adverb (R)See discussion on clitics in 2.10.

Lexicon

7.1 Type
The distinction proposed here considers the principal syntactic
properties of the adverbs. For Romanian, the general type includes
most of the pronominal adverbs (demonstrative: aici (here),indefinite: oriunde (anywhere)). As argued before for pronouns anddeterminers, a distinct negative value is needed for adverbs as well(nicăieri - nowhere, niciodată - never). The particle
type covers those adverbs which can dislocate verbal compound forms(ex. Ea a tot c^
antat -- She has ever sung) or mark degrees(ex. circa (about), foarte (very), prea (too)). Such adverbs are cam,mai, prea, şi, tot, foarte etc. A useful distinction in
Romanian considers the adverbs which can have predicative role, thatis they can govern a subordinate sentence (ex. Fireştecă o ştiu -- Certainly I know it). Here (for uniformity
within a multilingual environment), they are squeezed into themodifier class. No formal distinction is made between theinterrogative adverbs and the relative ones.
Attribute
Type

value
general (g)particle (p)negative (z)modifier (m)int_rel (w)portmanteau (c)Ro. example
bine, acolo
mai, camnicăieri
fireşte, poatecumca

The "portmanteau" type of adverb was introduced to cover some few
words which can be both adverbs and conjunctions (with adverbial
reading more frequent). This was necessary for tagging purposes.
7.2 Degree
In Romanian, the comparative and superlative of adverbs is formed
analytically with mai (puţin), cel mai (puţin), foarte:ex. mai repede (faster), cel mai devreme (at theearliest). Nonetheless there are some adverbs with comparative or
superlative meaning (ex. optim, ulterior,. definitiv). These adverbs
can be used for expressing the absolute superlative of other adverbs

Combinations=====================Tag
Example=====================
Rgp
repedeRgs
extraordinarRgculterior
Rpmai
Rznicăieri
Rmprobabil
Rw
cum

5.8

Adposition (S)8.1 Type
It is the preposition type which is only pertinent to Romanian,although some intercalating adpositions may be seen as a sort ofcircumposition, for instance ı^ntre...şi...
(between..and...).
Attribute
Type

value
preposition (p)Ro. example
la, pe, ı^n

8.2 Formation
In Romanian there is a distinct class of compound prepositions. Eachof them forms a formal and semantic unit, although graphically they
stay unfused, e.g. de la, pe la, de pe, etc.
Attribute
Formation

value
simple (s)compound (c)Ro. example
la, pe, ı
^n
de la

64

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian65

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian

8.3 Case

Likewise prepositions, we can distinguish two kinds of conjunctions in
Romanian:This attribute marks the subcategorisation properties of the adpositions.

- simple conjunctions: e.g. şi,dar,deşi etc.

AttributeCase- conjunctions formed periphrastically, with some word/phrase combinedby a conjunction: din moment ce, fără să,
fat,ă de cum etc.

value
genitive (g)dative (d)accusative (a)Ro. exampleı^naintea
datorită
la

Attribute
Formation
8.4 Clitic

value
simple (s)compound (c)Ro. example
deoarecede_vreme_ce

See discussion on clitics in 2.10.
9.3 Coord_Type
In Romanian, there are three kinds of conjunctions depending on theirusage: as such or together with other conjunctions or adverbs:

Lexicon- simple, between conjuncts: Ion ori Maria (John or Mary);
Combinations======================Tag
Example======================
Spsa
ı
^n
Spsay
ı
^ntrSpsd
datorită
Spca
de_la

5.9

- repetitive, before each conjunct: fie(either John or Mary or...)With respect to the place of the conjunctions, most of them stay
before the conjunct, except for: aşadar, deci (so), dar,ı^nsă (but), dacă (if), which also appear withexpressive value inside the conjoined sentence.
Attribute
Coord-Type

9.1 Type
The distinction between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions ispertinent to Romanian as well.
value
coordinating (c)subordinating (s)portmanteau (r)Ro. exampledarcă, dacăşi

The "portmanteau" type of conjunction applies only to the word "şi"which can be both a coordonating conjunction and an adverb. The
distinctionamong these interpretations is rather tricky for the
average native speaker and was a constant source of noise in automatic
tagging. Therefore, for the sake of automatic processing we defined this"portmanteau" type value.
9.2 Formation

Maria fie...

- correlative, before a conjoined phrase, it requires specificcoordinators between conjuncts: at^
at mama c^
at şitata (both mother and father).

Conjunction (C)Attribute
Type

Ion fievalue
simple (s)repetit (r)correlat (c)Ro. example
dar,deoarecefie...fie...
at^ıt...c^at şi

9.4 Sub_Type
In Romanian, each conjunction requires another mood, so that thediversity may be controlled by subcategorisation rules.
Attribute
Sub-Type

valuenegative (z)positive (p)Ro. example
nici
dar

This attribute distinguishes among the positive and negative
conjunctions, providing means to control verbal double negation, (asin case of the negative pronouns, determiners and adverbs): nici NU am
venit, nimeni NU vorbeşte, nici_un tren N-a trecut,nicăieri N-am văzut

66

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian67

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanianfractal (f)multiple (m)collect(l)9.5 Clitic
See discussion on clitics in 2.10.
Attribute
Cliticvalue
no (n)yes (y)Ro. examplecă aşac-aşaIn Romanian (as in many other languages) several numerals have noun
behaviour (some grammarians classify such numerals as nouns) withgender and declension of their own, which they preserve even in thecomposition of the superior order numerals; these are, for instance,sută (hundred), mie (thousand), milion (million) and miliard(billion). In a sentence most numerals may fulfill the function ofother parts of speech like noun, determiner or adverb.

Lexicon10.2 Gender

Combinations======================Tag
Example======================
Crssp
şi
Ccssp
dar
Ccrsp
fie...fie
Csrsz
nici...nici
Csscp
de_vreme_ce

Attribute
Gender5.10

treimeı^ntreittustreivalue
masculine (m)feminine (f)neuter (n)Ro. exampledoi, primul
două, prima(un) milion, (două) milioane

value
singular (s)plural (p)Ro. example
primulprimiivalue
direct(r)oblique (o)Ro. example
primulprimuluivalue
digit (d)letter (l)both (b)roman (r)Ro. example
1690
unsprezece
5 mii
XIV

10.3 Number
Attribute
NumberNumeral (M)10.4 Case
AttributeCase

10.1 Type
Traditional Romanian grammars usually distinguish seven numeral types,
where five of them have specific forms and the other two are obtainedby composition.

10.5 Form
The first group is made up by the following numeral types: cardinal(trei-three), ordinal (al treilea-the third), fractional (treime-one
third), multiple (^ıntreit-trine), collective(am^andoi-both).
The second group contains the numeral types which are composed bymeans of other parts of speech: distributive (c^ate trei-...each
three...), adverbial (de trei ori-thrice) and again the collective
numeral which also has compound forms (toţi trei-all three).
Nonetheless, as the numerals of the second group have a weak syntactic
cohesion, namely each composition element may be regarded as anelement of the sentence, with its own grammatical function, these last
numeral types are irrelevant for the morphosyntactic annotation.
Attribute
Type

value
cardinal (c)ordinal (o)Ro. example
trei(al) treilea

Attribute
Form

10.6 DefinitenessBy virtue of their noun or adjective value, some numerals may take theenclitic article (prim/primul - first/the first). Consequently for the
Romanian, definiteness attribute helps distinguish the enclitic forms
from the other forms.
Attribute
Definitenessvalue
yes (y)Ro. example
primul68

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanianno (n)prim

69

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romaniancategory of an abbreviation. Although the values for this attributecould range over the part of speech categories in the language, inRomanian most of the abbreviations falls into noun class.

10.7 Clitic
13.1 Syntactic_TypeSee discussion on clitics in 2.10.

Attribute
Syntactic_Type

LexiconCombinations=======================Tag
Example=======================
Mcmprldoi
Mcmpoldoi
MomsrldoileaMomsoldoilea
Mlmpr
am^
andoi
Momsrlyy
primu-i
Mffpolytreimilorvalue
nominal(n)verbal (v)adjectival (a)adverbial(r)pronominal(p)Ro. example
d-na (doamna)v. (vezi)ant. (anterior)f. (foarte)d-ei (dumneaei)

valuemasculine (m)feminine (f)neuter(n)Ro. example
d-lui
d-na
apt.

value
singular (s)plural (p)Ro. example
d-na
d-nelevalue
direct (r)oblique (o)Ro. example
d-na
d-nei

value
yes (y)no (n)

Ro. example
d-neled-ne

13.2 Gender
Attribute
Gender

13.3 Number

5.11

Attribute
NumberInterjections (I)In Romanian there are no relevant

subcategories of interjections.

====================Tag
Example====================Ioh,ah,au====================

5.12

Residual (X)

13.4 Case
AttributeCase

13.5 DefinitenessNo attributes are defined for this category.

Attribute
Definiteness==========================Tag
Example==========================X
show, a+b, retro==========================

Lexicon

5.13

Abbreviation (Y)The Syntactic_Type attribute is useful for specifying the grammatical

Combinations======================Tag
Example======================
Ynmsryd-ul

70

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Romanian
YnfsoyYnnsry

d-nei
apt.

5.14

Particle (Q)Chapter 6

14.1 Type
Attribute
Type

value
negation(z)infinitive (n)subjunctive (s)aspectfuture71

Ro. example
nu,na
să
fi
o

Application to Estonian
Authors:
H.J. Kaalep.

14.2 Formation

Notes:
This attribute is not relevant for Romanian.

1. Two additional tables are provided for every POS: one for definitions and one for examples.
For nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns the table of examples contains more rows
than the table of definitions. This is because in Estonian there are two equal ways forforming 11–12 plural cases for these POS and both are given.

14.3 Clitic
See

discussion on clitics in 2.10.

Attribute
Cliticvalue
yes (y)no (n)

2. The ordering of attributes is the same as in the synoptic tables of the proposal.
Ro. example
n-am
nu am

6.1

Nouns (N)1.1. Lexicon

LexiconCombinations=================Tag
Example=================
Qz
nu
Qz-y
nQn
a
Qs
să
Qa
fi
Qf
o

= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C EXAMPLE= ============== ============== = ============
1 Typecommonc jalgproperp London- -------------- -------------- - -----------2 Gender- -------------- -------------- - -----------3 Number
singulars jalgpluralp jalad- -------------- -------------- - -----------4 Casenominativen jalggenitiveg jalal.s. partitive
1 jalga
illativex jalasse
inessive
2 jalaselativee jalast
allativet jalale72

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
adessive
3 jalalablativeb jalalt
l.s. translative
4 jalaks
terminative
9 jalani
essivew jalanal.s. abessive
5 jalata
l.s. komitative
k jalaga
l.s. aditive
7 jalga* ***************************** * ************
5 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- - -----------6 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - -----------7 Animate- -------------- -------------- - -----------8 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- - -----------9 Owner_Person---------------- -------------- - -----------10Owned_Number================================= ============

1.2. Definitions
Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions--------------------------------------------------------NCSX
Nc
Noun common
NCSN
Nc-sn
Noun common singular nominative
NCSG
Nc-sg
Noun common singular genitive
NCS1
Nc-s1
Noun common singular partitive
NCSA
Nc-sx
Noun common singular illative
NCSA
Nc-s2
Noun common singular inessive
NCSA
Nc-se
Noun common singular elative
NCSA
Nc-st
Noun common singular allative
NCSA
Nc-s3
Noun common singular adessive
NCSA
Nc-sb
Noun common singular ablative
NCS
Nc-s4
Noun common singular translative
NCS
Nc-s9
Noun common singular terminative
NCS
Nc-sw
Noun common singular essive
NCS
Nc-s5
Noun common singular abessive
NCS
Nc-sk
Noun common singular komitative
NCSA
Nc-s7
Noun common singular aditive
NCSN
Nc-pn
Noun common plural nominative
NCSG
Nc-pg
Noun common plural genitive
NCS1
Nc-p1
Noun common plural partitive
NCSA
Nc-px
Noun common plural illative
NCSA
Nc-p2
Noun common plural inessive
NCSA
Nc-pe
Noun common plural elative
NCSA
Nc-pt
Noun common plural allative
NCSA
Nc-p3
Noun common plural adessive
NCSA
Nc-pb
Noun common plural ablative
NCS
Nc-p4
Noun common plural translative73

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
NCS
NCS
NCS
NCS

Nc-p9
Nc-pw
Nc-p5
Nc-pk

Noun common plural terminative
Noun common plural essive
Noun common plural abessive
Noun common plural komitative

NPSN
NPSN
NPSG
NPS1
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPSA
NPSN
NPSG
NPS1
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS

Np
Np-sn
Np-sg
Np-s1
Np-sx
Np-s2
Np-se
Np-st
Np-s3
Np-sb
Np-s4
Np-s9
Np-sw
Np-s5
Np-sk
Np-s7
Np-pn
Np-pg
Np-p1
Np-px
Np-p2
Np-pe
Np-pt
Np-p3
Np-pb
Np-p4
Np-p9
Np-pw
Np-p5
Np-pk

Noun proper
Noun proper singular nominative
Noun proper singular genitive
Noun proper singular partitive
Noun proper singular illative
Noun proper singular inessive
Noun proper singular elative
Noun proper singular allative
Noun proper singular adessive
Noun proper singular ablative
Noun proper singular translative
Noun proper singular terminative
Noun proper singular essive
Noun proper singular abessive
Noun proper singular komitative
Noun proper singular aditive
Noun proper plural nominative
Noun proper plural genitive
Noun proper plural partitive
Noun proper plural illative
Noun proper plural inessive
Noun proper plural elative
Noun proper plural allative
Noun proper plural adessive
Noun proper plural ablative
Noun proper plural translative
Noun proper plural terminative
Noun proper plural essive
Noun proper plural abessive
Noun proper plural komitative

1.3. Examples
Corpus tags
LexiconExamples--------------------------------------------NCSX
Nc
keskNCSN
Nc-sn
jalg
NCSG
Nc-sg
jala
NCS1
Nc-s1
jalga
NCSA
Nc-sx
jalasse
NCSA
Nc-s2
jalas
NCSA
Nc-se
jalastNCSA
Nc-stjalale
NCSA
Nc-s3
jalal
NCSA
Nc-sb
jalaltNCS
Nc-s4
jalaksNCS
Nc-s9
jalani74

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
NCS
NCS
NCS
NCSA
NCSN
NCSG
NCS1
NCSA
NCSA
NCSA
NCSA
NCSA
NCSA
NCS
NCS
NCS
NCS
NCS

Nc-sw
Nc-s5
Nc-sk
Nc-s7
Nc-pn
Nc-pg
Nc-p1
Nc-px
Nc-p2
Nc-pe
Nc-pt
Nc-p3
Nc-pb
Nc-p4
Nc-p9
Nc-pw
Nc-p5
Nc-pk

jalanajalatajalagajalga
jalad,
jalgade,jalgasid, jalgu
jalgadesse, jalusse
jalgades, jalus
jalgadest, jalustjalgadele, jalulejalgadel, jalul
jalgadelt, jalult
jalgadeks, jaluks
jalgadenijalgadenajalgadeta
jalgadega

NPSN
NPSN
NPSG
NPS1
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPSA
NPSN
NPSG
NPS1
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPSA
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS
NPS

Np
Np-sn
Np-sg
Np-s1
Np-sx
Np-s2
Np-se
Np-st
Np-s3
Np-sb
Np-s4
Np-s9
Np-sw
Np-s5
Np-sk
Np-s7
Np-pn
Np-pg
Np-p1
Np-px
Np-p2
Np-pe
Np-pt
Np-p3
Np-pb
Np-p4
Np-p9
Np-pw
Np-p5
Np-pk

KeskJulia
Julia
JuliatJuliasse
JuliasJuliastJulialeJulialJulialt
Juliaks
Juliani
Juliana
JuliatagJuliaga
Londoni
Juliad,Juliate,Juliaid,
Juliatesse, Juliaisse
Juliates, Juliais
Juliatest, Juliaist
Juliatele, Juliaile
Juliatel, Juliail
Juliatelt, Juliailt
Juliateks, Juliaiks
Juliateni
Juliatena
Juliateta
Juliatega75

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian

6.2

Verbs (V)

2.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C EXAMPLE= ============== ============== = ============
1 Typemain
m lugema
auxiliarya olemamodal
o saama- -------------- -------------- - -----------2 VForm
indicative
i loenimperative
m loe
conditionalc loeksin
infinitiven lugeda
participle
p lugev
gerundg lugedessupineu lugemal.s. quotative
q lugevat- -------------- -------------- - -----------3 Tense
present
p loenimperfect
i lugesinpasts lugenuvat- -------------- -------------- - -----------4 Person
first
1 loensecond2 loedthird
3 loeb- -------------- -------------- - -----------5 Number
singulars loenpluralp loeme- -------------- -------------- - -----------6 Gender********************************* ************
7 Voiceactivea loenpassivep loetakse- -------------- -------------- - -----------8 Negative
non loenyesy (ei) + loeta- -------------- -------------- - -----------9 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- - -----------10Clitic- -------------- -------------- - -----------11Case
illativex lugema
inessive
2 lugemas
elativee lugemast
translative
4 lugemaks
abessive
5 lugemata- -------------- -------------- - -----------12Animate-

76

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian- -------------- -------------- - -----------13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Aspect!NEW in V2!
- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy!NEW in V3!
================================= ============

2.2. Definitions
Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------VMS
Vm------n
Verb main afirmative
VM1
Vmip1s-an
Verb main indic present first singular active afirmative
VM2
Vmip2s-an
Verb main indic present second singular active afirmative
VM3
Vmip3s-an
Verb main indic present third singular active afirmative
VM1
Vmip1p-an
Verb main indic present first plural active afirmative
VM2
Vmip2p-an
Verb main indic present second plural active afirmative
VM3
Vmip3p-an
Verb main indic present third plural active afirmative
VMK
Vmip---ay
Verb main indic present active negative
VMP
Vmip---pn
Verb main indic present passive afirmative
VMN
Vmip---py
Verb main indic present passive negative
VM1
Vmii1s-an
Verb main indic imperfect first singular active afirmative
VM2
Vmii2s-an
Verb main indic imperfect second singular active afirmative
VM3
Vmii3s-an
Verb main indic imperfect third singular active afirmative
VM1
Vmii1p-an
Verb main indic imperfect first plural active afirmative
VM2
Vmii2p-an
Verb main indic imperfect second plural active afirmative
VM3
Vmii3p-an
Verb main indic imperfect third plural active afirmative
VMAS
Vmii---ay
Verb main indic imperfect active negative
VMP
Vmii---pn
Verb main indic imperfect passive afirmative
VMK
Vmmp2s-an
Verb main imper present second singular active afirmative
VMK
Vmmp2s-ay
Verb main imper present second singular active negative
VMK
Vmip---ay
Verb main indic present active negative
VM3
Vmmp3s-an
Verb main imper present third singular active afirmative
VMK
Vmmp1p-an
Verb main imper present first plural active afirmative
VMK
Vmmp2p-an
Verb main imper present second plural active afirmative
VM3
Vmmp3p-an
Verb main imper present third plural active afirmative
VMP
Vmmp---pn
Verb main imper present passive afirmative
VM3
Vmmp3s-ay
Verb main imper present third singular active negative
VMK
Vmmp1p-ay
Verb main imper present first plural active negative
VMK
Vmmp2p-ay
Verb main imper present second plural active negative
VM3
Vmmp3p-ay
Verb main imper present third plural active negative
VMP
Vmmp---py
Verb main imper present passive negative
VMS
Vmcp1s-an
Verb main condit present first singular active afirmative
VMS
Vmcp2s-an
Verb main condit present second singular active afirmative
VMS
Vmcp1s-an
Verb main condit present first singular active afirmative
VMS
Vmcp2s-an
Verb main condit present second singular active afirmative
VMS
Vmcp3s-an
Verb main condit present third singular active afirmative
VMS
Vmcp1p-an
Verb main condit present first plural active afirmative
VMS
Vmcp2p-an
Verb main condit present second plural active afirmative
VMS
Vmcp3p-an
Verb main condit present third plural active afirmative
VMS
Vmcp1p-an
Verb main condit present first plural active afirmative77

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMP
VMP
VMD
VMAP
VMAP
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMG
VMM
VMM
VMM
VMG
VMASS
VMM
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ

Vmcp2p-an
Verb main condit present second plural active afirmative
Vmcp3p-an
Verb main condit present third plural active afirmative
Vmcp---ay
Verb main condit present active negative
Vmcp---ay
Verb main condit present active negative
Vmcp---pn
Verb main condit present passive afirmative
Vmcs1s-anVerb main condit past first singular active afirmative
Vmcs2s-an
Verb main condit past second singular active afirmative
Vmcs1s-an
Verb main condit past first singular active afirmative
Vmcs2s-an
Verb main condit past second singular active afirmative
Vmcs3s-an
Verb main condit past third singular active afirmative
Vmcs1p-an
Verb main condit past first plural active afirmative
Vmcs2p-an
Verb main condit past second plural active afirmative
Vmcs3p-an
Verb main condit past third plural active afirmative
Vmcs1p-an
Verb main condit past first plural active afirmative
Vmcs2p-an
Verb main condit past second plural active afirmative
Vmcs3p-an
Verb main condit past third plural active afirmative
Vmcs---ay
Verb main condit past active negative
Vmcs---ay
Verb main condit past active negative
Vmcs---pn
Verb main condit past passive afirmative
Vmcp---py
Verb main condit present passive negative
Vmcs---py
Verb main condit past passive negative
Vmn
Verb main infinitVmpp---aVerb main partic present active
Vmpp---p
Verb main partic present passive
Vmps---aVerb main partic past active
Vmps---p
Verb main partic past passive
Vmii---ay
Verb main indic imperfect active negative
Vmii---py
Verb main indic imperfect passive negative
Vmg
Verb main gerund
Vmu----a---x
Verb main supine active illative
Vmu----a---2
Verb main supine active inessive
Vmu----a---e
Verb main supine active elative
Vmu----a---4
Verb main supine active translative
Vmu----a---5
Verb main supine active abessive
Vmu----p
Verb main supine passive
Vmqp---an
Verb main quotat present active afirmative
Vmqp---ay
Verb main quotat present active negative
Vmqp---pn
Verb main quotat present passive afirmative
Vmqs---an
Verb main quotat past active afirmative
Vmqs---pn
Verb main quotat past passive afirmative
Vmqp---ay
Verb main quotat present active negative
Vmqp---py
Verb main quotat present passive negative
Vmqs---ay
Verb main quotat past active negative
Vmqs---py
Verb main quotat past passive negative

VM1
VM2
VM3
VM1
VM2
VM3
VMK
VMP

Vaip1s-an
Vaip2s-an
Vaip3s-an
Vaip1p-an
Vaip2p-an
Vaip3p-an
Vaip---ay
Vaip---pn

Verb aux indic present first singular active afirmative
Verb aux indic present second singular active afirmative
Verb aux indic present third singular active afirmative
Verb aux indic present first plural active afirmative
Verb aux indic present second plural active afirmative
Verb aux indic present third plural active afirmative
Verb aux indic present active negative
Verb aux indic present passive afirmative78

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
VMN
VM1
VM2
VM3
VM1
VM2
VM3
VMAS
VMP
VMK
VMK
VMK
VM3
VMK
VMK
VM3
VMP
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMK
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS

Vaip---py
Vaii1s-an
Vaii2s-an
Vaii3s-an
Vaii1p-an
Vaii2p-an
Vaii3p-an
Vaii---ay
Vaii---pn
Vamp2s-an
Vamp2s-ay
Vaip---ay
Vamp3s-an
Vamp1p-an
Vamp2p-an
Vamp3p-an
Vamp---pn
Vamp3s-ay
Vamp1p-ay
Vamp2p-ay
Vamp3p-ay
Vamp---py
Vamp---py
Vamp2s-ay
Vamp3s-ay
Vamp1p-ay
Vamp2p-ay
Vamp3p-ay
Vacp1s-an
Vacp2s-an
Vacp1s-an
Vacp2s-an
Vacp3s-an
Vacp1p-an
Vacp2p-an
Vacp3p-an
Vacp1p-an
Vacp2p-an
Vacp3p-an
Vacp---ay
Vacp---ay
Vacp---pn
Vacs1s-an
Vacs2s-an
Vacs1s-an
Vacs2s-an
Vacs3s-an
Vacs1p-an
Vacs2p-an
Vacs3p-an
Vacs1p-an
Vacs2p-an
Vacs3p-an

Verb aux indic present passive negative
Verb aux indic imperfect first singular active afirmative
Verb aux indic imperfect second singular active afirmative
Verb aux indic imperfect third singular active afirmative
Verb aux indic imperfect first plural active afirmative
Verb aux indic imperfect second plural active afirmative
Verb aux indic imperfect third plural active afirmative
Verb aux indic imperfect active negative
Verb aux indic imperfect passive afirmative
Verb aux imper present second singular active afirmative
Verb aux imper present second singular active negative
Verb aux indic present active negative
Verb aux imper present third singular active afirmative
Verb aux imper present first plural active afirmative
Verb aux imper present second plural active afirmative
Verb aux imper present third plural active afirmative
Verb aux imper present passive afirmative
Verb aux imper present third singular active negative
Verb aux imper present first plural active negative
Verb aux imper present second plural active negative
Verb aux imper present third plural active negative
Verb aux imper present passive negative
Verb aux imper present passive negative
Verb aux imper present second singular active negative
Verb aux imper present third singular active negative
Verb aux imper present first plural active negative
Verb aux imper present second plural active negative
Verb aux imper present third plural active negative
Verb aux condit present first singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit present second singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit present first singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit present second singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit present third singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit present first plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit present second plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit present third plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit present first plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit present second plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit present third plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit present active negative
Verb aux condit present active negative
Verb aux condit present passive afirmative
Verb aux condit past first singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit past second singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit past first singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit past second singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit past third singular active afirmative
Verb aux condit past first plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit past second plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit past third plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit past first plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit past second plural active afirmative
Verb aux condit past third plural active afirmative

79

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMP
VMP
VMD
VMAP
VMAP
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMG
VMM
VMM
VMM
VMG
VMASS
VMM
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VME

Vacs---ay
Verb aux condit past active negative
Vacs---ay
Verb aux condit past active negative
Vacs---pn
Verb aux condit past passive afirmative
Vacp---py
Verb aux condit present passive negative
Vacs---py
Verb aux condit past passive negative
Van
Verb aux infinit
Vapp---aVerb aux partic present active
Vapp---p
Verb aux partic present passive
Vaps---aVerb aux partic past active
Vaps---p
Verb aux partic past passive
Vaii---ay
Verb aux indic imperfect active negative
Vaii---py
Verb aux indic imperfect passive negative
Vag
Verb aux gerund
Vau----a---x
Verb aux supine active illative
Vau----a---2
Verb aux supine active inessive
Vau----a---e
Verb aux supine active elative
Vau----a---4
Verb aux supine active translative
Vau----a---5
Verb aux supine active abessive
Vau----p
Verb aux supine passive
Vaqp---an
Verb aux quotat present active afirmative
Vaqp---ay
Verb aux quotat present active negative
Vaqp---pn
Verb aux quotat present passive afirmative
Vaqs---an
Verb aux quotat past active afirmative
Vaqs---pn
Verb aux quotat past passive afirmative
Vaqp---ay
Verb aux quotat present active negative
Vaqp---py
Verb aux quotat present passive negative
Vaqs---ay
Verb aux quotat past active negative
Vaqs---py
Verb aux quotat past passive negative
Va------yVerb aux negative

VM1
Voip1s-an
Verb modal indic present first singular active afirmative
VM2
Voip2s-an
Verb modal indic present second singular active afirmative
VM3Voip3s-an
Verb modal indic present third singular active afirmative
VM1
Voip1p-an
Verb modal indic present first plural active afirmative
VM2
Voip2p-an
Verb modal indic present second plural active afirmative
VM3
Voip3p-an
Verb modal indic present third plural active afirmative
VMP
Voip---pn
Verb modal indic present passive afirmative
VMN
Voip---py
Verb modal indic present passive negative
VM1
Voii1s-an
Verb modal indic imperfect first singular active afirmative
VM2
Voii2s-an
Verb modal indic imperfect second singular active afirmative
VM3
Voii3s-an
Verb modal indic imperfect third singular active afirmative
VM1
Voii1p-an
Verb modal indic imperfect first plural active afirmative
VM2
Voii2p-an
Verb modal indic imperfect second plural active afirmative
VM3
Voii3p-an
Verb modal indic imperfect third plural active afirmative
VMP
Voii---pn
Verb modal indic imperfect passive afirmative
VMK
Vomp2s-an
Verb modal imper present second singular active afirmative
VMK
Vomp2s-ay
Verb modal imper present second singular active negative
VMK
Voip---ay
Verb modal indic present active negative
VM3
Vomp3s-an
Verb modal imper present third singular active afirmative
VMK
Vomp1p-an
Verb modal imper present first plural active afirmative
VMK
Vomp2p-an
Verb modal imper present second plural active afirmative
VM3
Vomp3p-an
Verb modal imper present third plural active afirmative
VMP
Vomp---pn
Verb modal imper present passive afirmative80

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
VM3
VMK
VMK
VM3
VMP
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMP
VMP
VMD
VMAP
VMAP
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMG
VMM
VMM
VMM
VMG
VMASS
VMM
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ

Vomp3s-ay
Verb modal imper present third singular active negative
Vomp1p-ay
Verb modal imper present first plural active negative
Vomp2p-ay
Verb modal imper present second plural active negative
Vomp3p-ay
Verb modal imper present third plural active negativeVomp---py
Verb modal imper present passive negative
Vocp1s-an
Verb modal condit present first singular active afirmative
Vocp2s-an
Verb modal condit present second singular active afirmative
Vocp1s-an
Verb modal condit present first singular active afirmative
Vocp2s-an
Verb modal condit present second singular active afirmative
Vocp3s-an
Verb modal condit present third singular active afirmative
Vocp1p-an
Verb modal condit present first plural active afirmative
Vocp2p-an
Verb modal condit present second plural active afirmative
Vocp3p-an
Verb modal condit present third plural active afirmative
Vocp1p-an
Verb modal condit present first plural active afirmative
Vocp2p-an
Verb modal condit present second plural active afirmative
Vocp3p-an
Verb modal condit present third plural active afirmativeVocp---ay
Verb modal condit present active negativeVocp---pn
Verb modal condit present passive afirmative
Vocs1s-an
Verb modal condit past first singular active afirmative
Vocs2s-an
Verb modal condit past second singular active afirmative
Vocs1s-an
Verb modal condit past first singular active afirmative
Vocs2s-an
Verb modal condit past second singular active afirmative
Vocs3s-an
Verb modal condit past third singular active afirmative
Vocs1p-an
Verb modal condit past first plural active afirmative
Vocs2p-an
Verb modal condit past second plural active afirmative
Vocs3p-an
Verb modal condit past third plural active afirmative
Vocs1p-an
Verb modal condit past first plural active afirmative
Vocs2p-an
Verb modal condit past second plural active afirmative
Vocs3p-an
Verb modal condit past third plural active afirmativeVocs---ay
Verb modal condit past active negativeVocs---pn
Verb modal condit past passive afirmativeVocp---py
Verb modal condit present passive negativeVocs---py
Verb modal condit past passive negative
Von
Verb modal infinitVopp---aVerb modal partic present active
Vopp---p
Verb modal partic present passive
Vops---aVerb modal partic past active
Vops---p
Verb modal partic past passive
Voii---ay
Verb modal indic imperfect active negative
Voii---py
Verb modal indic imperfect passive negative
Vog
Verb modal gerund
Vou----a---x
Verb modal supine active illative
Vou----a---2
Verb modal supine active inessive
Vou----a---e
Verb modal supine active elative
Vou----a---4
Verb modal supine active translative
Vou----a---5
Verb modal supine active abessive
Vou----p
Verb modal supine passive
Voqp---an
Verb modal quotat present active afirmative
Voqp---pn
Verb modal quotat present passive afirmative
Voqs---an
Verb modal quotat past active afirmative
Voqs---pn
Verb modal quotat past passive afirmative
Voqp---ay
Verb modal quotat present active negative
Voqp---py
Verb modal quotat present passive negative81

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
VMQ
VMQ

Voqs---ay
Voqs---py

Verb modal quotat past active negative
Verb modal quotat past passive negative

2.3. Examples
Corpus tags
LexiconExamples------------------------------------------VMS
Vm------nkuulukse
VM1
Vmip1s-anloen
VM2
Vmip2s-anloed
VM3
Vmip3s-anloeb
VM1
Vmip1p-anloeme
VM2
Vmip2p-anloete
VM3
Vmip3p-an
loevadVMK
Vmip---aypole
VMP
Vmip---pnloetakse
VMN
Vmip---py(ei)+loeta
VM1
Vmii1s-anlugesin
VM2
Vmii2s-anlugesid
VM3
Vmii3s-anluges
VM1
Vmii1p-an
lugesime
VM2
Vmii2p-an
lugesite
VM3
Vmii3p-an
lugesid
VMAS
Vmii---ay
polnudVMP
Vmii---pnloeti
VMK
Vmmp2s-anloe
VMK
Vmmp2s-ay(ära) loe
VMK
Vmip---ay(ei) loe
VM3
Vmmp3s-an
lugegu
VMK
Vmmp1p-an
lugegem
VMK
Vmmp2p-an
lugegeVM3
Vmmp3p-an
lugegu
VMP
Vmmp---pnloetagu
VM3
Vmmp3s-ay(ärgu) lugegu
VMK
Vmmp1p-ay(ärgem) lugegem
VMK
Vmmp2p-ay(ärge) lugege
VM3
Vmmp3p-ay(ärgu) lugegu
VMP
Vmmp---py(ärgu) loetagu
VMS
Vmcp1s-anloeksinVMS
Vmcp2s-anloeksidVMS
Vmcp1s-anloeks
VMS
Vmcp2s-anloeks
VMS
Vmcp3s-anloeks
VMS
Vmcp1p-anloeks
VMS
Vmcp2p-anloeks
VMS
Vmcp3p-anloeks
VMS
Vmcp1p-an
loeksime
VMS
Vmcp2p-an
loeksite
VMS
Vmcp3p-an
loeksidVMS
Vmcp---ay(ei) loeks
VMS
Vmcp---ay
poleks
VMP
Vmcp---pnloetaks82

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMP
VMP
VMD
VMAP
VMAP
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMG
VMM
VMM
VMM
VMG
VMASS
VMM
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ

Vmcs1s-an
lugenuksin
Vmcs2s-an
lugenuksid
Vmcs1s-an
lugenuks
Vmcs2s-an
lugenuks
Vmcs3s-an
lugenuks
Vmcs1p-an
lugenuks
Vmcs2p-an
lugenuks
Vmcs3p-an
lugenuks
Vmcs1p-an
lugenuksime
Vmcs2p-an
lugenuksite
Vmcs3p-an
lugenuksid
Vmcs---ay(ei) lugenuks
Vmcs---ay
polnuks
Vmcs---pnloetuks
Vmcp---py(ei) loetaks
Vmcs---py(ei) loetuks
VmnlugedaVmpp---alugev
Vmpp---ploetav
Vmps---alugenudVmps---ploetudVmii---ay(ei) lugenud
Vmii---py(ei) loetud
Vmg
lugedesVmu----a---x
lugemaVmu----a---2
lugemasVmu----a---elugemast
Vmu----a---4
lugemaks
Vmu----a---5
lugemata
Vmu----ploetamaVmqp---anlugevatVmqp---ay
polevatVmqp---pnloetavat
Vmqs---anlugenuvat
Vmqs---pnloetuvat
Vmqp---ay(ei) lugevat
Vmqp---py(ei) loetavat
Vmqs---ay(ei) lugenuvat
Vmqs---py(ei) loetuvat

VM1
VM2
VM3
VM1
VM2
VM3
VMK
VMP
VMN
VM1
VM2
VM3
VM1

Vaip1s-an
Vaip2s-an
Vaip3s-an
Vaip1p-an
Vaip2p-an
Vaip3p-an
Vaip---ay
Vaip---pn
Vaip---py
Vaii1s-an
Vaii2s-an
Vaii3s-an
Vaii1p-an

olen
oled
on
oleme
olete
on
pole
ollakse(ei)+olda
olin
olid
oli
olime

83

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
VM2
VM3
VMAS
VMP
VMK
VMK
VMK
VM3
VMK
VMK
VM3
VMP
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMK
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMP
VMP

Vaii2p-an
Vaii3p-an
Vaii---ay
Vaii---pn
Vamp2s-an
Vamp2s-ay
Vaip---ay
Vamp3s-an
Vamp1p-an
Vamp2p-an
Vamp3p-an
Vamp---pn
Vamp3s-ay
Vamp1p-ay
Vamp2p-ay
Vamp3p-ay
Vamp---py
Vamp---py
Vamp2s-ay
Vamp3s-ay
Vamp1p-ay
Vamp2p-ay
Vamp3p-ay
Vacp1s-an
Vacp2s-an
Vacp1s-an
Vacp2s-an
Vacp3s-an
Vacp1p-an
Vacp2p-an
Vacp3p-an
Vacp1p-an
Vacp2p-an
Vacp3p-an
Vacp---ay
Vacp---ay
Vacp---pn
Vacs1s-an
Vacs2s-an
Vacs1s-an
Vacs2s-an
Vacs3s-an
Vacs1p-an
Vacs2p-an
Vacs3p-an
Vacs1p-an
Vacs2p-an
Vacs3p-an
Vacs---ay
Vacs---ay
Vacs---pn
Vacp---py
Vacs---py

olite
olid
polnudoldiole(ära) ole(ei) ole
olgu
olgem
olge
olgu
oldagu(ärgu) olgu
(ärgem) olgem(ärge) olge(ärgu) olgu
(ärgu) oldagu
ärgu
ära
ärgu
ärgemärge
ärgu
oleksinoleksid
oleks
oleks
oleks
oleks
oleks
oleks
oleksimeoleksiteoleksid(ei) oleks
poleksoldaksolnuksinolnuksid
olnuksolnuksolnuksolnuksolnuksolnuksolnuksime
olnuksite
olnuksid(ei) olnuks
polnuks
olduks(ei) oldaks(ei) olduks

84

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
VMD
VMAP
VMAP
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMG
VMM
VMM
VMM
VMG
VMASS
VMM
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VME

Van
olla
Vapp---aVapp---pVaps---aVaps---p
Vaii---ay
Vaii---py
Vagolles
Vau----a---x
Vau----a---2
Vau----a---e
Vau----a---4
Vau----a---5
Vau----pVaqp---an
Vaqp---ay
Vaqp---pn
Vaqs---anVaqs---pn
Vaqp---ay
Vaqp---py
Vaqs---ay
Vaqs---py
Va------yolema
olemasolemastolemaksolemataoldamaolevatpolevatoldavatolnuvatolduvat(ei) olevat(ei) oldavat(ei) olnuvat(ei) olduvat
ei

VM1
VM2
VM3
VM1
VM2
VM3
VMP
VMN
VM1
VM2
VM3
VM1
VM2
VM3
VMP
VMK
VMK
VMK
VM3
VMK
VMK
VM3
VMP
VM3
VMK
VMK
VM3
VMP

Voip1s-an
Voip2s-an
Voip3s-an
Voip1p-an
Voip2p-an
Voip3p-an
Voip---pn
Voip---py
Voii1s-an
Voii2s-an
Voii3s-an
Voii1p-an
Voii2p-an
Voii3p-an
Voii---pnVomp2s-an
Vomp2s-ay
Voip---ay
Vomp3s-an
Vomp1p-an
Vomp2p-an
Vomp3p-an
Vomp---pnVomp3s-ay
Vomp1p-ay
Vomp2p-ay
Vomp3p-ay
Vomp---py

saan
saad
saab
saame
saate
saavadsaadakse(ei)+saada
sain
said
sai
saime
saite
said
saadi
saa
(ära) saa(ei) saa
saagu
saagemsaage
saagu
saadagu(ärgu) saagu(ärgem) saagem(ärge) saage(ärgu) saagu(ärgu) saadagu

olev
oldav
olnud
oldud
(ei) olnud(ei) oldud

85

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMS
VMP
VMP
VMP
VMD
VMAP
VMAP
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMAS
VMG
VMM
VMM
VMM
VMG
VMASS
VMM
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ
VMQ

Vocp1s-an
Vocp2s-an
Vocp1s-an
Vocp2s-an
Vocp3s-an
Vocp1p-an
Vocp2p-an
Vocp3p-an
Vocp1p-an
Vocp2p-an
Vocp3p-an
Vocp---ay
Vocp---pn
Vocs1s-an
Vocs2s-an
Vocs1s-an
Vocs2s-an
Vocs3s-an
Vocs1p-an
Vocs2p-an
Vocs3p-an
Vocs1p-an
Vocs2p-an
Vocs3p-an
Vocs---ay
Vocs---pnVocp---py
Vocs---pyVonsaada
Vopp---aVopp---p
Vops---aVops---pVoii---ayVoii---pyVogsaadesVou----a---x
Vou----a---2
Vou----a---e
Vou----a---4
Vou----a---5
Vou----p
Voqp---an
Voqp---pn
Voqs---an
Voqs---pn
Voqp---ay
Voqp---py
Voqs---ay
Voqs---pysaaksinsaaksid
saaks
saaks
saaks
saaks
saaks
saaks
saaksimesaaksitesaaksid(ei) saaks
saadaks
saanuksinsaanuksidsaanuks
saanuks
saanuks
saanuks
saanuks
saanuks
saanuksime
saanuksitesaanuksid(ei) saanuks
saaduks(ei) saadaks(ei) saaduks
saavsaadavsaanudsaadud(ei) saanud(ei) saadud
saama
saamassaamastsaamaks
saamatasaadamasaavatsaadavatsaanuvatsaaduvat(ei) saavat(ei) saadavat(ei) saanuvat(ei) saaduvat

86

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian

6.3

87

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian

Adjectives (A)

3.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C EXAMPLE= ============== ============== = ============
1 Type- -------------- -------------- - -----------2 Degree
positivep oluline
comparative
c olulisem
superlatives olulisim- -------------- -------------- - -----------3 Gender- -------------- -------------- - -----------4 Number
singulars oluline
pluralp olulised- -------------- -------------- - -----------5 Casenominativen oluline
genitiveg olulisel.s. partitive
1 olulist
illativex olulisesse
inessive
2 olulises
elativee olulisest
allativet olulisele
adessive
3 olulisel
ablativeb oluliselt
l.s. translative
4 oluliseksterminative
9 oluliseni
essivew olulisena
l.s. abessive
5 oluliseta
l.s. komitative
k olulisega
l.s. aditive
7 olulisse* ***************************** * ************
6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- - -----------7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - -----------8 Animate- -------------- -------------- - -----------9 Formation- -------------- -------------- - -----------10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- - -----------11Owner_Person---------------- -------------- - -----------12Owned_Number================================= ============

3.2. Definitions

Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions------------------------------------------------------------------------ASX
A-p
Adjective positiveASN
A-p-sn Adjective positive singular nominative
ASG
A-p-sg Adjective positive singular genitive
AS1
A-p-s1 Adjective positive singular partitive
ASA
A-p-sx Adjective positive singular illative
ASA
A-p-s2 Adjective positive singular inessive
ASA
A-p-se Adjective positive singular elative
ASA
A-p-st Adjective positive singular allative
ASA
A-p-s3 Adjective positive singular adessive
ASA
A-p-sb Adjective positive singular ablativeAS
A-p-s4 Adjective positive singular translativeAS
A-p-s9 Adjective positive singular terminativeAS
A-p-sw Adjective positive singular essiveASA-p-s5 Adjective positive singular abessiveASA-p-sk Adjective positive singular komitative
ASA
A-p-s7 Adjective positive singular aditiveASN
A-p-pn Adjective positive plural nominative
ASG
A-p-pg Adjective positive plural genitive
AS1
A-p-p1 Adjective positive plural partitive
ASA
A-p-px Adjective positive plural illative
ASA
A-p-p2 Adjective positive plural inessive
ASA
A-p-pe Adjective positive plural elative
ASA
A-p-pt Adjective positive plural allative
ASA
A-p-p3 Adjective positive plural adessive
ASA
A-p-pb Adjective positive plural ablativeAS
A-p-p4 Adjective positive plural translativeAS
A-p-p9 Adjective positive plural terminativeAS
A-p-pw Adjective positive plural essiveAS
A-p-p5 Adjective positive plural abessiveAS
A-p-pk Adjective positive plural komitative
ASN
ASG
AS1
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
ASN
ASG
AS1
ASA
ASA

A-c-snA-c-sgA-c-s1A-c-sxA-c-s2A-c-seA-c-stA-c-s3A-c-sb
A-c-s4A-c-s9A-c-sw
A-c-s5A-c-skA-c-pnA-c-pgA-c-p1A-c-pxA-c-p2

Adjective comparative singular nominative
Adjective comparative singular genitive
Adjective comparative singular partitive
Adjective comparative singular illative
Adjective comparative singular inessive
Adjective comparative singular elative
Adjective comparative singular allative
Adjective comparative singular adessive
Adjective comparative singular ablative
Adjective comparative singular translative
Adjective comparative singular terminative
Adjective comparative singular essive
Adjective comparative singular abessive
Adjective comparative singular komitative
Adjective comparative plural nominative
Adjective comparative plural genitive
Adjective comparative plural partitive
Adjective comparative plural illative
Adjective comparative plural inessive

88

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS

A-c-peA-c-ptA-c-p3A-c-pb
A-c-p4A-c-p9A-c-pw
A-c-p5A-c-pkAdjective comparative plural elative
Adjective comparative plural allative
Adjective comparative plural adessive
Adjective comparative plural ablative
Adjective comparative plural translative
Adjective comparative plural terminative
Adjective comparative plural essive
Adjective comparative plural abessive
Adjective comparative plural komitative

ASN
ASG
AS1
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
ASN
ASG
AS1
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS

A-s-snA-s-sgA-s-s1A-s-sxA-s-s2A-s-seA-s-stA-s-s3A-s-sbA-s-s4A-s-s9A-s-sw
A-s-s5A-s-skA-s-pnA-s-pgA-s-p1A-s-pxA-s-p2A-s-peA-s-ptA-s-p3A-s-pb
A-s-p4A-s-p9A-s-pw
A-s-p5A-s-pkAdjective superlative singular nominative
Adjective superlative singular genitive
Adjective superlative singular partitive
Adjective superlative singular illative
Adjective superlative singular inessive
Adjective superlative singular elative
Adjective superlative singular allative
Adjective superlative singular adessive
Adjective superlative singular ablative
Adjective superlative singular translative
Adjective superlative singular terminative
Adjective superlative singular essive
Adjective superlative singular abessive
Adjective superlative singular komitative
Adjective superlative plural nominative
Adjective superlative plural genitive
Adjective superlative plural partitive
Adjective superlative plural illative
Adjective superlative plural inessive
Adjective superlative plural elative
Adjective superlative plural allative
Adjective superlative plural adessive
Adjective superlative plural ablative
Adjective superlative plural translative
Adjective superlative plural terminative
Adjective superlative plural essive
Adjective superlative plural abessive
Adjective superlative plural komitative

3.3. Examples
Corpus tags
LexiconExamples-----------------------------------------------ASX
A-psalkusASN
A-p-sn oluline
ASG
A-p-sg olulise
AS1
A-p-s1 olulist
ASA
A-p-sx olulisesse
ASA
A-p-s2 olulises
ASA
A-p-se olulisest
ASA
A-p-st olulisele
ASA
A-p-s3 olulisel

89

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
ASA
ASN
ASG
AS1
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS

A-p-sb
A-p-s4A-p-s9A-p-sw
A-p-s5A-p-sk
A-p-s7A-p-pnA-p-pgA-p-p1A-p-pxA-p-p2A-p-peA-p-ptA-p-p3A-p-pb
A-p-p4A-p-p9A-p-pw
A-p-p5A-p-pkoluliselt
oluliseks
oluliseni
olulisenaolulisetaolulisegaolulisse
olulisedolulisteolulisiolulistesse, olulisisse
olulistes, olulisis
olulistest, olulisist
olulistele, olulisileolulistel, olulisil
olulistelt, olulisilt
olulisteks, olulisiks
olulisteni
olulistena
olulisteta
olulistega

ASN
ASG
AS1
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
ASN
ASG
AS1
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS

A-c-snA-c-sgA-c-s1A-c-sxA-c-s2A-c-seA-c-stA-c-s3A-c-sb
A-c-s4A-c-s9A-c-sw
A-c-s5A-c-skA-c-pnA-c-pgA-c-p1A-c-pxA-c-p2A-c-peA-c-ptA-c-p3A-c-pb
A-c-p4A-c-p9A-c-pw
A-c-p5A-c-pkolulisemolulisemaolulisemat
olulisemasse
olulisemas
olulisemast
olulisemale
olulisemal
olulisemalt
olulisemaks
olulisemani
olulisemana
olulisemata
olulisemaga
olulisemad
olulisemate
olulisemaid
olulisematesse, olulisemaisse
olulisemates, olulisemais
olulisematest, olulisemaistolulisematele, olulisemaileolulisematel, olulisemail
olulisematelt, olulisemailt
olulisemateks, olulisemaiksolulisemateni, olulisemaini
olulisematena, olulisemaina
olulisemateta
olulisematega

ASN
ASG

A-s-snA-s-sgolulisim
olulisima90

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
AS1
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
ASN
ASG
AS1
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
ASA
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS

A-s-s1A-s-sxA-s-s2A-s-seA-s-stA-s-s3A-s-sbA-s-s4A-s-s9A-s-sw
A-s-s5A-s-skA-s-pnA-s-pgA-s-p1A-s-pxA-s-p2A-s-peA-s-ptA-s-p3A-s-pb
A-s-p4A-s-p9A-s-pw
A-s-p5A-s-pkolulisimat
olulisimasse
olulisimas
olulisimast
olulisimale
olulisimalolulisimalt
olulisimaks
olulisimani
olulisimana
olulisimata
olulisimaga
olulisimad
olulisimate
olulisimaid
olulisimatesse, olulisimaisse
olulisimates, olulisimais
olulisimatest, olulisimaistolulisimatele, olulisimaileolulisimatel, olulisimailolulisimatelt, olulisimailt
olulisimateks, olulisimaiksolulisimateni, olulisimaini
olulisimatena, olulisimaina
olulisimateta
olulisimatega

6.4

Pronouns (P)4.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C EXAMPLE= ============== ============== = ============
1 Typepersonalp minademonstrative d selline
indefinite
i mingipossessives iseeneseinterrogative q milline
relativer millinereflexive
x iseenda
reciprocaly teineteisel.s. determinalm ise- -------------- -------------- - -----------2 Person
first
1 minasecond2 sinathird
3 tema- -------------- -------------- - ------------

91

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
3 Gender- -------------- -------------- - -----------4 Number
singulars minapluralp meie- -------------- -------------- - -----------5 Casenominativen minagenitiveg minul.s. partitive
1 mindillativex minusse
inessive
2 minuselativee minust
allativet minule
adessive
3 minulablativeb minult
l.s. translative
4 minuks
terminative
9 minuni
essivew minunal.s. abessive
5 minutal.s. komitative
k minuga
l.s. aditive
7 sellisse- -------------- -------------- - -----------6 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- - -----------7 Owner_Gender********************************* ************
8 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - -----------9 Referent_Type- -------------- -------------- - -----------10Syntactic_Type- -------------- -------------- - -----------11Definiteness- -------------- -------------- - -----------12Animate- -------------- -------------- - -----------13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- - -----------14Pronoun_Form- -------------- -------------- - -----------15Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- - -----------16Owned_Number================================= ============

4.2. Definitions
Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions-----------------------------------------------------------------PP1SN
Pp1-sn Pronoun personal first singular nominative
PP1SG
Pp1-sg Pronoun personal first singular genitive
PP1S1
Pp1-s1 Pronoun personal first singular partitive
PP1S
Pp1-sx Pronoun personal first singular illative

92

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PP1SA
PP1SA
PP1SA
PP1SA
PP1SA
PP1S
PP1S
PP1S
PP1S
PP1S
PP1SN
PP1SG
PP1S1
PP1S
PP1SA
PP1SA
PP1SA
PP1SA
PP1SA
PP1S
PP1S
PP1S
PP1S
PP1S
PP2SN
PP2SG
PP2S1
PP2S
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2S
PP2S
PP2S
PP2S
PP2S
PP2SN
PP2SG
PP2S1
PP2S
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2S
PP2S
PP2S
PP2S
PP2S
PP3SN

Pp1-s2
Pp1-sePp1-stPp1-s3
Pp1-sb
Pp1-s4
Pp1-s9Pp1-sw
Pp1-s5
Pp1-sk
Pp1-pnPp1-pg
Pp1-p1Pp1-pxPp1-p2
Pp1-pePp1-ptPp1-p3
Pp1-pb
Pp1-p4
Pp1-p9Pp1-pw
Pp1-p5
Pp1-pk
Pp2-snPp2-sgPp2-s1
Pp2-sxPp2-s2Pp2-sePp2-stPp2-s3Pp2-sb
Pp2-s4
Pp2-s9Pp2-sw
Pp2-s5
Pp2-sk
Pp2-pnPp2-pg
Pp2-p1Pp2-pxPp2-p2Pp2-pePp2-ptPp2-p3Pp2-pb
Pp2-p4Pp2-p9Pp2-pw
Pp2-p5
Pp2-pk
Pp3-snPronoun personal first singular inessive
Pronoun personal first singular elative
Pronoun personal first singular allative
Pronoun personal first singular adessive
Pronoun personal first singular ablative
Pronoun personal first singular translative
Pronoun personal first singular terminative
Pronoun personal first singular essive
Pronoun personal first singular abessive
Pronoun personal first singular komitative
Pronoun personal first plural nominative
Pronoun personal first plural genitive
Pronoun personal first plural partitive
Pronoun personal first plural illative
Pronoun personal first plural inessive
Pronoun personal first plural elative
Pronoun personal first plural allative
Pronoun personal first plural adessive
Pronoun personal first plural ablative
Pronoun personal first plural translative
Pronoun personal first plural terminative
Pronoun personal first plural essive
Pronoun personal first plural abessive
Pronoun personal first plural komitative
Pronoun personal second singular nominative
Pronoun personal second singular genitive
Pronoun personal second singular partitive
Pronoun personal second singular illative
Pronoun personal second singular inessive
Pronoun personal second singular elative
Pronoun personal second singular allative
Pronoun personal second singular adessive
Pronoun personal second singular ablative
Pronoun personal second singular translative
Pronoun personal second singular terminative
Pronoun personal second singular essive
Pronoun personal second singular abessive
Pronoun personal second singular komitative
Pronoun personal second plural nominative
Pronoun personal second plural genitive
Pronoun personal second plural partitive
Pronoun personal second plural illative
Pronoun personal second plural inessive
Pronoun personal second plural elative
Pronoun personal second plural allative
Pronoun personal second plural adessive
Pronoun personal second plural ablative
Pronoun personal second plural translative
Pronoun personal second plural terminative
Pronoun personal second plural essive
Pronoun personal second plural abessive
Pronoun personal second plural komitative
Pronoun personal third singular nominative

93

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PP3SG
PP3S1
PP3S
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3SN
PP3SG
PP3S1
PP3S
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S

Pp3-sg
Pp3-s1
Pp3-sxPp3-s2
Pp3-sePp3-stPp3-s3Pp3-sb
Pp3-s4
Pp3-s9Pp3-sw
Pp3-s5
Pp3-sk
Pp3-pnPp3-pg
Pp3-p1
Pp3-pxPp3-p2
Pp3-pePp3-ptPp3-p3Pp3-pb
Pp3-p4Pp3-p9Pp3-pw
Pp3-p5
Pp3-pkPronoun personal third singular genitive
Pronoun personal third singular partitive
Pronoun personal third singular illative
Pronoun personal third singular inessive
Pronoun personal third singular elative
Pronoun personal third singular allative
Pronoun personal third singular adessive
Pronoun personal third singular ablative
Pronoun personal third singular translative
Pronoun personal third singular terminative
Pronoun personal third singular essive
Pronoun personal third singular abessive
Pronoun personal third singular komitative
Pronoun personal third plural nominative
Pronoun personal third plural genitive
Pronoun personal third plural partitive
Pronoun personal third plural illative
Pronoun personal third plural inessive
Pronoun personal third plural elative
Pronoun personal third plural allative
Pronoun personal third plural adessive
Pronoun personal third plural ablative
Pronoun personal third plural translative
Pronoun personal third plural terminative
Pronoun personal third plural essive
Pronoun personal third plural abessive
Pronoun personal third plural komitative

PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS

Pd--snPd--sgPd--s1
Pd--sx
Pd--s2
Pd--sePd--stPd--s3
Pd--sb
Pd--s4
Pd--s9Pd--sw
Pd--s5
Pd--sk
Pd--s7
Pd--pnPd--pgPd--p1
Pd--pxPd--p2
Pd--pePd--ptPd--p3
Pd--pb
Pd--p4

Pronoun demonstrative singular nominative
Pronoun demonstrative singular genitive
Pronoun demonstrative singular partitive
Pronoun demonstrative singular illative
Pronoun demonstrative singular inessive
Pronoun demonstrative singular elative
Pronoun demonstrative singular allative
Pronoun demonstrative singular adessive
Pronoun demonstrative singular ablative
Pronoun demonstrative singular translative
Pronoun demonstrative singular terminative
Pronoun demonstrative singular essive
Pronoun demonstrative singular abessive
Pronoun demonstrative singular komitative
Pronoun demonstrative singular aditive
Pronoun demonstrative plural nominative
Pronoun demonstrative plural genitive
Pronoun demonstrative plural partitive
Pronoun demonstrative plural illative
Pronoun demonstrative plural inessive
Pronoun demonstrative plural elative
Pronoun demonstrative plural allative
Pronoun demonstrative plural adessive
Pronoun demonstrative plural ablative
Pronoun demonstrative plural translative

94

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PS
PS
PS
PS

Pd--p9Pd--pw
Pd--p5
Pd--pkPronoun demonstrative plural terminative
Pronoun demonstrative plural essive
Pronoun demonstrative plural abessive
Pronoun demonstrative plural komitative

PSX
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Pi
Pi--snPi--sgPi--s1
Pi--sx
Pi--s2
Pi--sePi--stPi--s3Pi--sbPi--s4
Pi--s9Pi--sw
Pi--s5
Pi--skPi--s7
Pi--pnPi--pgPi--p1
Pi--pxPi--p2
Pi--pePi--ptPi--p3Pi--pbPi--p4
Pi--p9Pi--pw
Pi--p5
Pi--pkPronoun indefinite
Pronoun indefinite singular nominative
Pronoun indefinite singular genitive
Pronoun indefinite singular partitive
Pronoun indefinite singular illative
Pronoun indefinite singular inessive
Pronoun indefinite singular elative
Pronoun indefinite singular allative
Pronoun indefinite singular adessive
Pronoun indefinite singular ablative
Pronoun indefinite singular translative
Pronoun indefinite singular terminative
Pronoun indefinite singular essive
Pronoun indefinite singular abessive
Pronoun indefinite singular komitative
Pronoun indefinite singular aditive
Pronoun indefinite plural nominative
Pronoun indefinite plural genitive
Pronoun indefinite plural partitive
Pronoun indefinite plural illative
Pronoun indefinite plural inessive
Pronoun indefinite plural elative
Pronoun indefinite plural allative
Pronoun indefinite plural adessive
Pronoun indefinite plural ablative
Pronoun indefinite plural translative
Pronoun indefinite plural terminative
Pronoun indefinite plural essive
Pronoun indefinite plural abessive
Pronoun indefinite plural komitative

PSX
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSN
PSG

Ps
Ps--snPs--sgPs--s1
Ps--sxPs--s2
Ps--sePs--stPs--s3Ps--sbPs--s4
Ps--s9Ps--sw
Ps--s5
Ps--sk
Ps--pnPs--pgPronoun possessive
Pronoun possessive singular nominative
Pronoun possessive singular genitive
Pronoun possessive singular partitive
Pronoun possessive singular illative
Pronoun possessive singular inessive
Pronoun possessive singular elative
Pronoun possessive singular allative
Pronoun possessive singular adessive
Pronoun possessive singular ablative
Pronoun possessive singular translative
Pronoun possessive singular terminative
Pronoun possessive singular essive
Pronoun possessive singular abessive
Pronoun possessive singular komitative
Pronoun possessive plural nominative
Pronoun possessive plural genitive95

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Ps--p1
Ps--pxPs--p2
Ps--pePs--ptPs--p3Ps--pb
Ps--p4
Ps--p9Ps--pw
Ps--p5
Ps--pkPronoun possessive plural partitive
Pronoun possessive plural illative
Pronoun possessive plural inessive
Pronoun possessive plural elative
Pronoun possessive plural allative
Pronoun possessive plural adessive
Pronoun possessive plural ablative
Pronoun possessive plural translative
Pronoun possessive plural terminative
Pronoun possessive plural essive
Pronoun possessive plural abessive
Pronoun possessive plural komitative

PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Pq--snPq--sgPq--s1
Pq--sxPq--s2
Pq--sePq--stPq--s3Pq--sb
Pq--s4
Pq--s9Pq--sw
Pq--s5
Pq--skPq--s7
Pq--pnPq--pgPq--p1
Pq--pxPq--p2
Pq--pePq--ptPq--p3
Pq--pb
Pq--p4
Pq--p9Pq--pw
Pq--p5
Pq--pkPronoun interrogative singular nominative
Pronoun interrogative singular genitive
Pronoun interrogative singular partitive
Pronoun interrogative singular illative
Pronoun interrogative singular inessive
Pronoun interrogative singular elative
Pronoun interrogative singular allative
Pronoun interrogative singular adessive
Pronoun interrogative singular ablative
Pronoun interrogative singular translative
Pronoun interrogative singular terminative
Pronoun interrogative singular essive
Pronoun interrogative singular abessive
Pronoun interrogative singular komitative
Pronoun interrogative singular aditive
Pronoun interrogative plural nominative
Pronoun interrogative plural genitive
Pronoun interrogative plural partitive
Pronoun interrogative plural illative
Pronoun interrogative plural inessive
Pronoun interrogative plural elative
Pronoun interrogative plural allative
Pronoun interrogative plural adessive
Pronoun interrogative plural ablative
Pronoun interrogative plural translative
Pronoun interrogative plural terminative
Pronoun interrogative plural essive
Pronoun interrogative plural abessive
Pronoun interrogative plural komitative

PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS

Pr--snPr--sgPr--s1Pr--sxPr--s2Pr--sePr--stPr--s3Pr--sb
Pr--s4

Pronoun relative singular nominative
Pronoun relative singular genitive
Pronoun relative singular partitive
Pronoun relative singular illative
Pronoun relative singular inessive
Pronoun relative singular elative
Pronoun relative singular allative
Pronoun relative singular adessive
Pronoun relative singular ablative
Pronoun relative singular translative96

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Pr--s9Pr--sw
Pr--s5Pr--skPr--s7
Pr--pnPr--pgPr--p1Pr--pxPr--p2Pr--pePr--ptPr--p3Pr--pbPr--p4Pr--p9Pr--pw
Pr--p5Pr--pkPronoun relative singular terminative
Pronoun relative singular essive
Pronoun relative singular abessive
Pronoun relative singular komitative
Pronoun relative singular aditive
Pronoun relative plural nominative
Pronoun relative plural genitive
Pronoun relative plural partitive
Pronoun relative plural illative
Pronoun relative plural inessive
Pronoun relative plural elative
Pronoun relative plural allative
Pronoun relative plural adessive
Pronoun relative plural ablative
Pronoun relative plural translative
Pronoun relative plural terminative
Pronoun relative plural essive
Pronoun relative plural abessive
Pronoun relative plural komitative

PSX
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Px
Px--snPx--sgPx--s1
Px--sxPx--s2
Px--sePx--stPx--s3Px--sb
Px--s4
Px--s9Px--sw
Px--s5
Px--skPx--pnPx--pgPx--p1
Px--pxPx--p2
Px--pePx--ptPx--p3Px--pb
Px--p4
Px--p9Px--pw
Px--p5
Px--pkPronoun reflexive
Pronoun reflexive singular nominative
Pronoun reflexive singular genitive
Pronoun reflexive singular partitive
Pronoun reflexive singular illative
Pronoun reflexive singular inessive
Pronoun reflexive singular elative
Pronoun reflexive singular allative
Pronoun reflexive singular adessive
Pronoun reflexive singular ablative
Pronoun reflexive singular translative
Pronoun reflexive singular terminative
Pronoun reflexive singular essive
Pronoun reflexive singular abessive
Pronoun reflexive singular komitative
Pronoun reflexive plural nominative
Pronoun reflexive plural genitive
Pronoun reflexive plural partitive
Pronoun reflexive plural illative
Pronoun reflexive plural inessive
Pronoun reflexive plural elative
Pronoun reflexive plural allative
Pronoun reflexive plural adessive
Pronoun reflexive plural ablative
Pronoun reflexive plural translative
Pronoun reflexive plural terminative
Pronoun reflexive plural essive
Pronoun reflexive plural abessive
Pronoun reflexive plural komitative

PSG
PS1
PSA

Py--sgPy--s1
Py--sx

Pronoun reciprocal singular genitive
Pronoun reciprocal singular partitive
Pronoun reciprocal singular illative

97

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Py--s2
Py--sePy--stPy--s3
Py--sbPy--s4
Py--s9Py--sw
Py--s5
Py--skPy--s7
Py--pgPy--p1
Py--pxPy--p2
Py--pePy--ptPy--p3
Py--pb
Py--p4
Py--p9Py--pw
Py--p5
Py--pkPronoun reciprocal singular inessive
Pronoun reciprocal singular elative
Pronoun reciprocal singular allative
Pronoun reciprocal singular adessive
Pronoun reciprocal singular ablative
Pronoun reciprocal singular translative
Pronoun reciprocal singular terminative
Pronoun reciprocal singular essive
Pronoun reciprocal singular abessive
Pronoun reciprocal singular komitative
Pronoun reciprocal singular aditive
Pronoun reciprocal plural genitive
Pronoun reciprocal plural partitive
Pronoun reciprocal plural illative
Pronoun reciprocal plural inessive
Pronoun reciprocal plural elative
Pronoun reciprocal plural allative
Pronoun reciprocal plural adessive
Pronoun reciprocal plural ablative
Pronoun reciprocal plural translative
Pronoun reciprocal plural terminative
Pronoun reciprocal plural essive
Pronoun reciprocal plural abessive
Pronoun reciprocal plural komitative

PSX
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS

Pm
Pm--snPm--sgPm--s1
Pm--sxPm--s2Pm--sePm--stPm--s3Pm--sb
Pm--s4Pm--s9Pm--sw
Pm--s5Pm--skPm--s7
Pm--pnPm--pgPm--p1
Pm--pxPm--p2Pm--pePm--ptPm--p3Pm--pb
Pm--p4Pm--p9Pm--pw

Pronoun determinal
Pronoun determinal singular nominative
Pronoun determinal singular genitive
Pronoun determinal singular partitive
Pronoun determinal singular illative
Pronoun determinal singular inessive
Pronoun determinal singular elative
Pronoun determinal singular allative
Pronoun determinal singular adessive
Pronoun determinal singular ablative
Pronoun determinal singular translative
Pronoun determinal singular terminative
Pronoun determinal singular essive
Pronoun determinal singular abessive
Pronoun determinal singular komitative
Pronoun determinal singular aditive
Pronoun determinal plural nominative
Pronoun determinal plural genitive
Pronoun determinal plural partitive
Pronoun determinal plural illative
Pronoun determinal plural inessive
Pronoun determinal plural elative
Pronoun determinal plural allative
Pronoun determinal plural adessive
Pronoun determinal plural ablative
Pronoun determinal plural translative
Pronoun determinal plural terminative
Pronoun determinal plural essive98

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— EstonianPS
PS

Pm--p5Pm--pkPronoun determinal plural abessive
Pronoun determinal plural komitative

4.3. Examples
Corpus tags
LexiconExamples--------------------------------------------PP1SN
Pp1-sn mina
PP1SG
Pp1-sg minu
PP1S1
Pp1-s1 mind
PP1S
Pp1-sx minusse
PP1SA
Pp1-s2 minus
PP1SA
Pp1-se minust
PP1SA
Pp1-st minule
PP1SA
Pp1-s3 minul
PP1SA
Pp1-sb minult
PP1S
Pp1-s4 minuks
PP1S
Pp1-s9 minuni
PP1S
Pp1-sw minuna
PP1S
Pp1-s5 minuta
PP1S
Pp1-sk minuga
PP1SN
Pp1-pn meie
PP1SG
Pp1-pg meie
PP1S1
Pp1-p1 meid
PP1S
Pp1-px meisse
PP1SA
Pp1-p2 meis
PP1SA
Pp1-pe meist
PP1SA
Pp1-pt meile
PP1SA
Pp1-p3 meil
PP1SA
Pp1-pb meilt
PP1S
Pp1-p4 meieks
PP1S
Pp1-p9 meieni
PP1S
Pp1-pw meiena
PP1S
Pp1-p5 meieta
PP1S
Pp1-pk meiega
PP2SN
Pp2-sn sina
PP2SG
Pp2-sg sinu
PP2S1
Pp2-s1 sind
PP2S
Pp2-sx sinusse
PP2SA
Pp2-s2 sinus
PP2SA
Pp2-se sinust
PP2SA
Pp2-st sinule
PP2SA
Pp2-s3 sinul
PP2SA
Pp2-sb sinult
PP2S
Pp2-s4 sinuks
PP2S
Pp2-s9 sinuni
PP2S
Pp2-sw sinuna
PP2S
Pp2-s5 sinuta
PP2S
Pp2-sk sinuga
PP2SN
Pp2-pn teie
PP2SG
Pp2-pg teie99

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PP2S1
PP2S
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2SA
PP2S
PP2S
PP2S
PP2S
PP2S
PP3SN
PP3SG
PP3S1
PP3S
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3SN
PP3SG
PP3S1
PP3S
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3SA
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S
PP3S

Pp2-p1Pp2-pxPp2-p2Pp2-pePp2-ptPp2-p3Pp2-pb
Pp2-p4Pp2-p9Pp2-pw
Pp2-p5
Pp2-pk
Pp3-snPp3-sg
Pp3-s1
Pp3-sxPp3-s2
Pp3-sePp3-stPp3-s3Pp3-sb
Pp3-s4
Pp3-s9Pp3-sw
Pp3-s5
Pp3-sk
Pp3-pnPp3-pg
Pp3-p1
Pp3-pxPp3-p2
Pp3-pePp3-ptPp3-p3Pp3-pb
Pp3-p4Pp3-p9Pp3-pw
Pp3-p5
Pp3-pkteid
teisse
teis
teist
teile
teil
teilt
teieksteieniteienateietateiega
tema
tema
teda
temassetemas
temasttemaletemal
temalttemakstemanitemanatematatemaga
nemad
nende
neid
nendesse, neisse
nendes, neis
nendest, neist
nendele, neile
nendel, neil
nendelt, neilt
nendeks, neiks
nendeni
nendena
nendetanendega

PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS

Pd--snPd--sgPd--s1
Pd--sx
Pd--s2
Pd--sePd--stPd--s3
Pd--sb
Pd--s4
Pd--s9Pd--sw

sellinesellisesellistsellisesse
sellisessellisest
sellisele
selliselselliselt
selliseks
sellisenisellisena100

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PS
PS
PSA
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Pd--s5
Pd--sk
Pd--s7
Pd--pnPd--pgPd--p1
Pd--pxPd--p2
Pd--pePd--ptPd--p3
Pd--pb
Pd--p4
Pd--p9Pd--pw
Pd--p5
Pd--pksellisetasellisegasellissesellised
sellisteselliseid
sellistesse, selliseisse
sellistes, selliseis
sellistest, selliseist
sellistele, selliseile
sellistel, selliseil
sellistelt, selliseilt
sellisteks, selliseiks
sellisteni, selliseinisellistena, selliseina
sellisteta, selliseita
sellistega selliseiga

PSX
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Pi
Pi--snPi--sgPi--s1
Pi--sx
Pi--s2
Pi--sePi--stPi--s3Pi--sbPi--s4
Pi--s9Pi--sw
Pi--s5
Pi--skPi--s7
Pi--pnPi--pgPi--p1
Pi--pxPi--p2
Pi--pePi--ptPi--p3Pi--pbPi--p4
Pi--p9Pi--pw
Pi--p5
Pi--pk

muist
mingi
mingi
mingitmingisse
mingismingistmingilemingilmingilt
mingiks
minginiminginamingitamingigamitmetaolisse
mingidmingitemingeid
mingitesse, mingeisse
mingites, mingeis
mingitest, mingeist
mingitele, mingeile
mingitel, mingeil
mingitelt, mingeilt
mingiteks, mingeiks
mingiteni, mingeini
mingitena, mingeina
mingiteta, mingeita
mingitega, mingeiga

PSX
PSN
PSG
PS1

Ps
Ps--snPs--sgPs--s1oma
iseeneseiseeneseiseennast101

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Ps--sxPs--s2
Ps--sePs--stPs--s3Ps--sbPs--s4
Ps--s9Ps--sw
Ps--s5
Ps--sk
Ps--pnPs--pgPs--p1
Ps--pxPs--p2
Ps--pePs--ptPs--p3Ps--pb
Ps--p4
Ps--p9Ps--pw
Ps--p5
Ps--pkiseenesesse
iseeneses
iseenesest
iseenesele
iseenesel
iseeneselt
iseeneseks
iseeneseni
iseenesena
iseeneseta
iseenesega
iseenese?
iseeneste
iseendidiseenestesse
iseenestes
iseenestest
iseenestele
iseenestel
iseenestelt
iseenesteks
iseenesteni
iseenestena
iseenesteta
iseenestega

PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS

Pq--snPq--sgPq--s1
Pq--sxPq--s2
Pq--sePq--stPq--s3Pq--sb
Pq--s4
Pq--s9Pq--sw
Pq--s5
Pq--skPq--s7
Pq--pnPq--pgPq--p1
Pq--pxPq--p2
Pq--pePq--ptPq--p3
Pq--pb
Pq--p4
Pq--p9Pq--pw

millinemillisemillistmillisesse
millisesmillisest
millisele
milliselmilliselt
milliseks
milliseni
millisena
milliseta
millisega
millisse?
millised
millistemilliseid
millistesse, milliseisse
millistes, milliseis
millistest, milliseist
millistele, milliseile
millistel, milliseil
millistelt, milliseilt
millisteks, milliseiks
millisteni, milliseini
millistena, milliseina

102

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— EstonianPS
PS

Pq--p5
Pq--pkmillisteta, milliseita
millistega, milliseiga

PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Pr--snPr--sgPr--s1Pr--sxPr--s2Pr--sePr--stPr--s3Pr--sb
Pr--s4Pr--s9Pr--sw
Pr--s5Pr--skPr--s7
Pr--pnPr--pgPr--p1Pr--pxPr--p2Pr--pePr--ptPr--p3Pr--pbPr--p4Pr--p9Pr--pw
Pr--p5Pr--pkmillinemillisemillistmillisesse
millisesmillisest
millisele
milliselmilliselt
milliseks
milliseni
millisena
milliseta
millisega
millisse?
millised
millistemilliseid
millistesse, milliseisse
millistes, milliseis
millistest, milliseist
millistele, milliseile
millistel, milliseil
millistelt, milliseilt
millisteks, milliseiks
millisteni, milliseini
millistena, milliseina
millisteta, milliseita
millistega, milliseiga

PSX
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA

Px
Px--snPx--sgPx--s1
Px--sxPx--s2
Px--sePx--stPx--s3Px--sb
Px--s4
Px--s9Px--sw
Px--s5
Px--skPx--pnPx--pgPx--p1
Px--pxPx--p2oma
iseiseendaiseendiseendasse
iseendasiseendast
iseendaleiseendaliseendalt
iseendaks
iseendani
iseendanaiseendataiseendagaise
iseendiiseendidiseendisse
iseendis103

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Px--pePx--ptPx--p3Px--pb
Px--p4
Px--p9Px--pw
Px--p5
Px--pkiseendist
iseendileiseendiliseendilt
iseendiks
iseendini
iseendinaiseendita
iseendiga

PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PSA
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Py--sgPy--s1
Py--sxPy--s2
Py--sePy--stPy--s3
Py--sbPy--s4
Py--s9Py--sw
Py--s5
Py--skPy--s7
Py--pgPy--p1
Py--pxPy--p2
Py--pePy--ptPy--p3
Py--pb
Py--p4
Py--p9Py--pw
Py--p5
Py--pkteineteise
teineteist
teineteisesseteineteises
teineteisest
teineteiseleteineteiselteineteiselt
teineteiseksteineteiseniteineteisena
teineteiseta
teineteisegateineteise
teineteisteteineteisi
teineteistesse
teineteistes
teineteistest
teineteistele
teineteistelteineteistelt
teineteisteksteineteisteni
teineteistenateineteisteta
teineteistega

PSX
PSN
PSG
PS1
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS

Pm
Pm--snPm--sgPm--s1
Pm--sxPm--s2Pm--sePm--stPm--s3Pm--sb
Pm--s4Pm--s9Pm--sw
Pm--s5Pm--sk

ise
ise
enda
end
endasseendas
endastendaleendal
endaltendaksendaniendanaendataendaga104

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
PSA
Pm--s7
PSNPm--pn
PSG
Pm--pg
PS1
Pm--p1PSA
Pm--pxPSA
Pm--p2PSA
Pm--pePSA
Pm--ptPSA
Pm--p3PSA
Pm--pbPS
Pm--p4PS
Pm--p9PS
Pm--pwPS
Pm--p5PS
Pm--pk6.5

emba-kumba
ise
endi
endid
endisseendis
endistendileendil
endiltendiksendiniendinaenditaendiga105

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
5 Person================================= ============

7.2. Definitions
Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions----------------------------------------------RR
R
Adverb

7.3. Examples
Corpus tags
LexiconExamples---------------------------------------------RR
R
asjatult

Determiners (D)6.8

Adpositions (S)Not applicable.
8.1. Lexicon

6.6

Atricles (T)Not applicable.

6.7

Adverbs (R)= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C EXAMPLE= ============== ============== = ============
1 Typeprepositionp ennepostpositiont kaudu- -------------- -------------- - -----------2 Formation**********************************************
3 Case- -------------- -------------- - -----------4 Clitic================================= ============

7.1 Lexicon
8.2. Definitions= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C EXAMPLE= ============== ============== = ============
1 Type- asjatult- -------------- -------------- - -----------2 Degree**********************************************
3 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - -----------4 Number- -------------- -------------- - ------------

Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions---------------------------------------------SP
Sp
Adposition preposition
ST
St
Adposition postposition

8.3. Examples
Corpus tags
LexiconExamples----------------------------------------------

106

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
SP
ST

6.9

Sp
St

enne
kaudu

Conjunctions (C)9.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C EXAMPLE= ============== ============== = ============
1 Typecoordinating
c ja
subordinating s et**********************************************
2 Formation- -------------- -------------- - -----------3 Coord_Type- -------------- -------------- - -----------4 Sub_Type- -------------- -------------- - -----------5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - -----------6 Number- -------------- -------------- - -----------7 Person================================= ============

9.2. Definitions
Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions---------------------------------------------CC
Cc
Conjuction coordinating
CS
Cs
Conjuction subordinating

9.3. Examples
Corpus tags
LexiconExamples-------------------------------------------CC
Cc
ja
CS
Cs
et

6.10

Numerals (M)107

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
10.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C EXAMPLE= ============== ============== = ============
1 Typecardinalc kaheksa
ordinalo kaheksas- -------------- -------------- - -----------2 Gender- -------------- -------------- - -----------3 Number
singulars kaheksa
pluralp kaheksad- -------------- -------------- - -----------4 Casenominativen kaheksa
genitiveg kaheksal.s. partitive
1 kaheksat
illativex kaheksasse
inessive
2 kaheksas
elativee kaheksast
allativet kaheksale
adessive
3 kaheksal
ablativeb kaheksalt
l.s. translative
4 kaheksaks
terminative
9 kaheksani
essivew kaheksana
l.s. abessive
5 kaheksata
l.s. komitative
k kaheksaga
l.s. aditive
7 viite********************************* -----------5 Formdigit
d 1984romanr IX
letterl kaheksa- -------------- -------------- - -----------6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- - -----------7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - -----------8 Class- -------------- -------------- - -----------9 Animate- -------------- -------------- - -----------10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- - -----------11Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- - -----------12Owned_Number================================= ============

10.2. Definitions
Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions------------------------------------------------

108

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
MCSX
MCSN
MCSG
MCS1
MCSA
MCSA
MCSA
MCSA
MCSA
MCSA
MCS
MCS
MCS
MCS
MCS
MCSA
MCS
MCS
MCS
MCSA
MCSA
MCSA
MCSA
MCSA
MCSA
MCS
MCS
MCS
MCS
MCS

Mc---dMc-snlMc-sglMc-s1l
Mc-sxlMc-s2lMc-selMc-stlMc-s3l
Mc-sbl
Mc-s4lMc-s9lMc-swlMc-s5l
Mc-sklMc-s7lMc-pnlMc-pgl
Mc-p1l
Mc-pxl
Mc-p2lMc-pelMc-ptl
Mc-p3l
Mc-pbl
Mc-p4l
Mc-p9l
Mc-pwl
Mc-p5l
Mc-pklNumeral cardinal digit
Numeral cardinal singular nominative letter
Numeral cardinal singular genitive letter
Numeral cardinal singular partitive letter
Numeral cardinal singular illative letter
Numeral cardinal singular inessive letter
Numeral cardinal singular elative letter
Numeral cardinal singular allative letter
Numeral cardinal singular adessive letter
Numeral cardinal singular ablative letter
Numeral cardinal singular translative letter
Numeral cardinal singular terminative letter
Numeral cardinal singular essive letter
Numeral cardinal singular abessive letter
Numeral cardinal singular komitative letter
Numeral cardinal singular aditive letter
Numeral cardinal plural nominative letter
Numeral cardinal plural genitive letter
Numeral cardinal plural partitive letter
Numeral cardinal plural illative letter
Numeral cardinal plural inessive letter
Numeral cardinal plural elative letter
Numeral cardinal plural allative letter
Numeral cardinal plural adessive letter
Numeral cardinal plural ablative letter
Numeral cardinal plural translative letter
Numeral cardinal plural terminative letter
Numeral cardinal plural essive letter
Numeral cardinal plural abessive letter
Numeral cardinal plural komitative letter

MOSX
MOSX
MOSN
MOSG
MOS1
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOSA
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOSA
MOSA

Mo---dMo---rMo-snlMo-sglMo-s1l
Mo-sxlMo-s2lMo-selMo-stlMo-s3l
Mo-sbl
Mo-s4lMo-s9lMo-swlMo-s5lMo-sklMo-s7lMo-pnlMo-pglMo-p1l
Mo-pxlMo-p2lNumeral ordinal digit
Numeral ordinal roman
Numeral ordinal singular nominative letter
Numeral ordinal singular genitive letter
Numeral ordinal singular partitive letter
Numeral ordinal singular illative letter
Numeral ordinal singular inessive letter
Numeral ordinal singular elative letter
Numeral ordinal singular allative letter
Numeral ordinal singular adessive letter
Numeral ordinal singular ablative letter
Numeral ordinal singular translative letter
Numeral ordinal singular terminative letter
Numeral ordinal singular essive letter
Numeral ordinal singular abessive letter
Numeral ordinal singular komitative letter
Numeral ordinal singular aditive letter
Numeral ordinal plural nominative letter
Numeral ordinal plural genitive letter
Numeral ordinal plural partitive letter
Numeral ordinal plural illative letter
Numeral ordinal plural inessive letter109

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOS

Mo-pelMo-ptl
Mo-p3l
Mo-pbl
Mo-p4l
Mo-p9lMo-pwl
Mo-p5lMo-pklNumeral ordinal plural elative letter
Numeral ordinal plural allative letter
Numeral ordinal plural adessive letter
Numeral ordinal plural ablative letter
Numeral ordinal plural translative letter
Numeral ordinal plural terminative letter
Numeral ordinal plural essive letter
Numeral ordinal plural abessive letter
Numeral ordinal plural komitative letter

10.3. Examples
Corpus tags
LexiconExamples----------------------------------------MCSX
Mc---d 8
MCSN
Mc-snl kaheksa
MCSG
Mc-sgl kaheksa
MCS1
Mc-s1l kaheksat
MCSA
Mc-sxl kaheksasse
MCSA
Mc-s2l kaheksas
MCSA
Mc-sel kaheksast
MCSA
Mc-stl kaheksale
MCSA
Mc-s3l kaheksal
MCSA
Mc-sbl kaheksalt
MCS
Mc-s4l kaheksaks
MCS
Mc-s9l kaheksani
MCS
Mc-swl kaheksana
MCS
Mc-s5l kaheksata
MCS
Mc-skl kaheksaga
MCSA
Mc-s7l viide
MCS
Mc-pnl kaheksad
MCS
Mc-pgl kaheksate
MCS
Mc-p1l kaheksaid
MCSA
Mc-pxl kaheksatesse, kaheksaisse
MCSA
Mc-p2l kaheksates, kaheksais
MCSA
Mc-pel kaheksatest, kaheksaist
MCSA
Mc-ptl kaheksatele, kaheksaile
MCSA
Mc-p3l kaheksatel, kaheksail
MCSA
Mc-pbl kaheksatelt, kaheksailt
MCS
Mc-p4l kaheksateks, kaheksaiks
MCS
Mc-p9l kaheksateni, kaheksaini
MCS
Mc-pwl kaheksatena, kaheksaina
MCS
Mc-p5l kaheksateta
MCS
Mc-pkl kaheksatega
MOSX
MOSX
MOSN
MOSG
MOS1
MOSA
MOSA

Mo---dMo---rMo-snlMo-sglMo-s1l
Mo-sxlMo-s2l8.
IX
kaheksaskaheksanda
kaheksandatkaheksandasse
kaheksandas

110

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOSA
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOSA
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOS
MOS

Mo-selMo-stlMo-s3l
Mo-sbl
Mo-s4lMo-s9lMo-swlMo-s5lMo-sklMo-s7lMo-pnlMo-pglMo-p1l
Mo-pxlMo-p2lMo-pelMo-ptl
Mo-p3l
Mo-pbl
Mo-p4l
Mo-p9lMo-pwl
Mo-p5lMo-pklkaheksandast
kaheksandale
kaheksandal
kaheksandalt
kaheksandaks
kaheksandani
kaheksandana
kaheksandata
kaheksandaga
teisekaheksandadkaheksandate
kaheksandaid
kaheksandatesse, kaheksandaisse
kaheksandates, kaheksandais
kaheksandatest, kaheksandaist
kaheksandatele, kaheksandaile
kaheksandatel, kaheksandailkaheksandatelt, kaheksandailt
kaheksandateks, kaheksandaiks
kaheksandateni, kaheksandaini
kaheksandatena, kaheksandaina
kaheksandateta
kaheksandatega

111

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian--------------------------------------II
I
oi

6.12

Residual (X)

12.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== ==================================

13.2. Definitions
Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions-----------------------------------------------X
X
foreign word

13.2. Examples

6.11

Corpus tags
LexiconExamples--------------------------------------X
X
qwertyInterjections (I)11.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C EXAMPLE= ============== ============== = ============
1 Type- oi- -------------- -------------- - -----------2 Formation================================= ============

11.2. Definitions
Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions--------------------------------------II
I
Interjection

11.3. Examples
Corpus tags

LexiconExamples6.13

Abreviations (Y)

13.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== = ============
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== = ============
1 Syntactic_Type nominaln CDverbalv vt
adjectival
a hispadverbialr jne- ------------------------------- -----------2 Gender- -------------- -------------- - -----------3 Number
singulars CDpluralp CDd112

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian- -------------- -------------- - -----------4 Casel.s. nominativen CDl.s. genitiveg CDl.s. partitive
1 CDdl.s. illativex CDssel.s. inessive
2 CDsl.s. elativee CDstl.s. allativet CDlel.s. adessive
3 CDl
l.s. ablativeb CDltl.s. translative
4 CDksl.s. terminative
9 CDnil.s. essive
w CDnal.s. abessive
5 CDtal.s. komitative
k CDgal.s. aditive
7- -------------- -------------- - -----------5 Definiteness================================= ============

13.2. Definitions
Corpus tags
LexiconDefinitions-----------------------------------------------YSX
Yn
Abbreviation nominal
YSN
Yn-sn
Abbreviation nominal singular nominative
YSG
Yn-sg
Abbreviation nominal singular genitive
YS1
Yn-s1
Abbreviation nominal singular partitive
YSA
Yn-sx
Abbreviation nominal singular illative
YSA
Yn-s2
Abbreviation nominal singular inessive
YSA
Yn-se
Abbreviation nominal singular elative
YSA
Yn-st
Abbreviation nominal singular allative
YSA
Yn-s3
Abbreviation nominal singular adessive
YSA
Yn-sb
Abbreviation nominal singular ablative
YS
Yn-s4
Abbreviation nominal singular translative
YS
Yn-s9
Abbreviation nominal singular terminative
YS
Yn-sw
Abbreviation nominal singular essive
YS
Yn-s5
Abbreviation nominal singular abessive
YS
Yn-sk
Abbreviation nominal singular komitative
YS
Yn-s7
Abbreviation nominal singular aditive
YS
Yn-pn
Abbreviation nominal plural nominative
YS
Yn-pg
Abbreviation nominal plural genitive
YS
Yn-p1
Abbreviation nominal plural partitive
YSA
Yn-px
Abbreviation nominal plural illative
YSA
Yn-p2
Abbreviation nominal plural inessive
YSA
Yn-pe
Abbreviation nominal plural elative
YSA
Yn-pt
Abbreviation nominal plural allative
YSA
Yn-p3
Abbreviation nominal plural adessive
YSA
Yn-pb
Abbreviation nominal plural ablative
YS
Yn-p4
Abbreviation nominal plural translative
YS
Yn-p9
Abbreviation nominal plural terminative
YS
Yn-pw
Abbreviation nominal plural essive

113

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian
YS
YS

Yn-p5
Yn-pk

Abbreviation nominal plural abessive
Abbreviation nominal plural komitative

YSX

Ya

Abbreviation adjectival

YSX

Yr

Abbreviation adverbial

YSX

Yv

Abbreviation verbal

13.3. Examples
Corpus tags
LexiconExamples---------------------------------YSX
Yn
A
YSN
Yn-sn
CD
YSG
Yn-sg
CD
YS1
Yn-s1
CDd
YSA
Yn-sx
CDsse
YSA
Yn-s2
CDs
YSA
Yn-se
CDst
YSA
Yn-st
CDle
YSA
Yn-s3
CDl
YSA
Yn-sb
CDlt
YS
Yn-s4
CDks
YS
Yn-s9
CDni
YS
Yn-sw
CDna
YS
Yn-s5
CDta
YS
Yn-sk
CDga
YS
Yn-s7
RASi
YS
Yn-pn
CDd
YS
Yn-pg
CDde
YS
Yn-p1
CDsid
YSA
Yn-px
CDdesse
YSA
Yn-p2
CDdes
YSA
Yn-pe
CDdestYSA
Yn-pt
CDdele
YSA
Yn-p3
CDdel
YSA
Yn-pb
CDdeltYS
Yn-p4
CDdeksYS
Yn-p9
CDdeniYS
Yn-pw
CDdenaYS
Yn-p5
CDdetaYS
Yn-pk
CDdega
YSX

Ya

hisp

YSX

Yr

jne

YSX

Yv

vt

114

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Estonian

6.14

115

Particles (Q)Not applicable.

Chapter 7

Application to Hungarian
Authors:László Tihanyi, Tamás Váradi, Csaba Oravecz.

7.1

Noun (N)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecommonc
properp- -------------- -------------- 2 Gender- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativea
instrumentaliillativex
inessive2
elativeeallativet
adessive3
ablativebterminative
9
essivew
l.s. temporalisml.s. causaliscl.s. sublativesl.s. delative
hl.s. sociativeql.s. factivey116

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarianl.s. superessive
pl.s. distributiveu* ***************************** *5 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 6 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 7 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 8 Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 9 Owner_Person
first1
second2
third3---------------- -------------- 10Owned_Number
singularspluralp=================================

118

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— HungarianN[cp] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypu] [yn]

[sp]

[123]

[sp]

Examples on combinations:a) Combinations on Number, OwnerNumber, OwnerPerson and OwnedNumber:

Notes:
1. Gender: Not applicable to Hungarian.
2. Numbers:
Hungarian has three types of number in the nominal inflection:
1. The number of the noun.
2. The number of owners that own the noun.
3. The number of the context given referent, which is some possessionof the noun, i.e. belongs to the noun (anaphoric possessive).
3. Genitive is rarely marked in Hungarian. If marked then with the same
suffix as that of dative case.
Nouns with zero suffix can be nominative or genitive, so they areambigious.
4. Common Hungarian nouns can have2(Number)*7(OwnerPerson,OwnerNumber)*3(OwnedNumber)*22(Case)=1324
different forms.
5. The usage of -szerte[SZERTE] meaning ’many places around’ is restricted
so we do not take it as a regular case ending. The same stands for’-lag/-leg’ marked with [LAG], e.g. ’házilag’ means (made) at home.

Combinations:
0
1
3
4
7
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ---Pos Type Num Case
Anim--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ----

117

8
9
10
-------- --------- -------OwnerNum OwnerPers OwnedNum-------- --------- --------

01234567890
Nc-sn--n--Nc-sn--n--s
Nc-sn--n--pNc-sn--ns1Nc-sn--ns1s
Nc-sn--ns1p
Nc-sn--ns2Nc-sn--ns2s
Nc-sn--ns2p
Nc-sn--ns3Nc-sn--ns3s
Nc-sn--ns3p
Nc-sn--np1Nc-sn--np1s
Nc-sn--np1p
Nc-sn--np2Nc-sn--np2s
Nc-sn--np2p
Nc-sn--np3Nc-sn--np3s
Nc-sn--np3p
Nc-pn--n--Nc-pn--n--s
Nc-pn--n--pNc-pn--ns1Nc-pn--ns1s
Nc-pn--ns1p
Nc-pn--ns2Nc-pn--ns2s
Nc-pn--ns2p
Nc-pn--ns3Nc-pn--ns3s
Nc-pn--ns3p
Nc-pn--np1Nc-pn--np1s
Nc-pn--np1p
Nc-pn--np2Nc-pn--np2s
Nc-pn--np2p
Nc-pn--np3Nc-pn--np3s
Nc-pn--np3p

asztal[N]asztal[N]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+om[PSe1]
asztal[N]+om[PSe1]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+om[PSe1]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+od[PSe2]
asztal[N]+od[PSe2]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+od[PSe2]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+a[PSe3]
asztal[N]+á[PSe3]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+á[PSe3]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+unk[PSt1]
asztal[N]+unk[PSt1]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+unk[PSt1]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+otok[PSt2]
asztal[N]+otok[PSt2]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+otok[PSt2]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+uk[PSt2]
asztal[N]+uk[PSt2]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+uk[PSt2]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+ok[PL]asztal[N]+ok[PL]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+ok[PL]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+aim[PSe1i]
asztal[N]+aim[PSe1i]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+aim[PSe1i]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+aid[PSe2i]
asztal[N]+aid[PSe2i]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+aid[PSe2i]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+ai[PSe3i]
asztal[N]+ai[PSe3i]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+ai[PSe3i]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+aink[PSt1i]
asztal[N]+aink[PSt1i]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+aink[PSt1i]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+aitok[PSt2i]
asztal[N]+aitok[PSt2i]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+aitok[PSt2i]+éi[POSi]
asztal[N]+aik[PSt3i]
asztal[N]+aik[PSt3i]+é[POS]
asztal[N]+aik[PSt3i]+éi[POSi]b) Combinations on Case:

table
thing of the table
things of the table
my tablething of my table
things of my table
your table
thing of your table
things of your table
his/her table
thing of his/her table
things of his/her table
our table
thing of our table
things of our table
your table
thing of your table
things of your table
their table
thing of their table
things of their table
tablesthing of the tables
things of the tables
my tables
thing of my tables
things of my tables
your tables
thing of your tables
things of your tables
his/her tables
thing of his/her tables
things of his/her tables
our tables
thing of our tables
things of our tables
your tables
thing of your tables
things of your tables
their tables
thing of their tables
things of their tables

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian

119

Category:
Case:
Example analysis:01234567890
Nc-sn------ nominative
asztal[N]The table is new.
Nc-sg------ genitive
asztal[N]+nak[GEN]The leg of the table is red.
Nc-sd------ dative
asztal[N]+nak[DAT]
It gives a new look to the table.
Nc-sa------ accusative
asztal[N]+t[ACC]
I see the table.
Nc-si------ instrumental
asztal[N]+lal[INS]Do something with the table.
Nc-sx------ illative
asztal[N]+ba[ILL]
She put it into the table.
Nc-s2------ inessive
asztal[N]+ban[INE]He keeps it in this table.
Nc-se------ elative
asztal[N]+ból[ELA]
She took it out from this table.
Nc-st------ allative
asztal[N]+hoz[ALL]
Go to the table.
Nc-s3------ adessive
asztal[N]+nál[ADE]
At the table there is a chair.
Nc-sb------ ablative
asztal[N]+tól[ABL]
She came from the table.
Nc-s9------ terminative
asztal[N]+ig[TER]
Go as far as the table.
Nc-sw------ essive
asztal[N]+ul[ESS]
The plate served us as a table.
Nc-sm------ temporalis
hat[N]+kor[TEM]
We arrived at six.
Nc-sc------ causalis
asztal[N]+ért[CAU]
We do it for the table.
Nc-ss------ sublative
asztal[N]+ra[SUB]
Put it onto the table.
Nc-sh------ delative
asztal[N]+ról[DEL]
Talk about the table.
Nc-sq------ sociative
asztal[N]+ostul[SOC] It is sold together with the table.
Nc-sy------ factive
asztal[N]+lá[FAC]
Soon it became a table.
Nc-sp------ superessive
asztal[N]+on[SUP]
The cat sits on the table.
Nc-su------ distributive
asztal[N]+onként[DIS] We collected 10 forints in each table.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian*********************************
7 Voice- -------------- -------------- 8 Negative- -------------- -------------- 9 Definiteness
no
n
yes
y
l.s. 1s2s2- -------------- -------------- 10Clitic- -------------- -------------- 11Case- -------------- -------------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Aspect!NEW in V2!
- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy!NEW in V3!
=================================

Notes:
1. 1s2s is a special form for definitness, in which the speaker’s person is
first singular (I) and the target of the transitivity is second singular(you).

7.2

Verb (V)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typemainmauxiliarya- -------------- -------------- 2 VForm
indicativei
imperativemconditionalcinfinitiven- -------------- -------------- 3 Tense
presentppasts- -------------- -------------- 4 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 5 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 6 Gender-

2. A Hungarian verb has3(Person)*2(Number)*4(Present indicative, Present imperativ,
Present conditional,Past indicative)*2(Transitivity)+4(1s2s)+7(Infinitive)=59 different forms.

Combinations:--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ ----------Pos Type VForm Tense Person Number Definitness--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ ----------Vmi[ps] [123]
[sp]
[yn]
V
m
c
p
[123]
[sp]
[yn]
V
m
m
p
[123]
[sp]
[yn]
V
m
i
[ps] 1s
2Vm[cm] p
1
s
2
V
m
n
V
m
n
p
[123]
[sp]
V
a
i
p
[123]
[sp]
n
--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----------

Examples on combinations:120

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian
01234567890123
Vmip1s------nVmip2s------nVmip3s------nVmip1p------nVmip2p------nVmip3p------nVmip1s------yVmip2s------yVmip3s------yVmip1p------yVmip2p------yVmip3p------yVmis1s------nVmis2s------nVmis3s------nVmis1p------nVmis2p------nVmis3p------nVmis1s------yVmis2s------yVmis3s------yVmis1p------yVmis2p------yVmis3p------y-tanul[V]+ok[e1]tanul[V]+sz[e2]tanul[V]tanul[V]+unk[t1]tanul[V]+tok[t2]tanul[V]+nak[t3]tanul[V]+om[Te1]tanul[V]+od[Te2]tanul[V]+ja[Te3]tanul[V]+juk[Tt1]tanul[V]+játok[Tt2]tanul[V]+ják[Tt3]tanul[V]+tam[Me1]tanul[V]+tál[Me2]tanul[V]+t[Me3]tanul[V]+tunk[Mt1]tanul[V]+tatok[Mt2]tanul[V]+tak[Mt3]tanul[V]+tam[TMe1]
tanul[V]+tad[TMe2]
tanul[V]+ta[TMe3]
tanul[V]+tuk[TMt1]
tanul[V]+tátok[TMt2]
tanul[V]+ták[TMt3]

I learn (a)you learn (a)she learns (a)we learn (a)you learn (a)they learn (a)I learn (the)you learn (the)she learns (the)we learn (the)you learn (the)they learn (the)I learnt (a)you learnt (a)she learnt (a)we learnt (a)you learnt (a)they learnt (a)I learnt (the)you learnt (the)she learnt (the)we learnt (the)you learnt (the)they learnt (the)Vmcp1s------nVmcp2s------nVmcp3s------nVmcp1p------nVmcp2p------nVmcp3p------nVmcp1s------yVmcp2s------yVmcp3s------yVmcp1p------yVmcp2p------yVmcp3p------y-tanul[V]+nék[Fe1]tanul[V]+nál[Fe2]tanul[V]+na[Fe3]tanul[V]+nánk[Ft1]tanul[V]+nátok[Ft2]tanul[V]+nának[Ft3]tanul[V]+nám[TFe1]
tanul[V]+nád[TFe2]
tanul[V]+ná[TFe3]
tanul[V]+nánk[TFt1]
tanul[V]+nátok[TFt2]
tanul[V]+nák[TFt3](if) I learnt (a)(if) you learnt (a)(if) she learnt (a)(if) we learnt (a)(if) you learnt (a)(if) they learnt (a)(if) I learnt (the)(if) you learnt (the)(if) she learnt (the)(if) we learnt (the)(if) you learnt (the)(if) they learnt (the)Vmmp1s------nVmmp2s------nVmmp3s------nVmmp1p------nVmmp2p------nVmmp3p------nVmmp1s------yVmmp2s------yVmmp3s------yVmmp1p------yVmmp2p------yVmmp3p------y-tanul[V]+jak[Pe1]tanul[V]+jál[Pe2]tanul[V]+jon[Pe3]tanul[V]+junk[Pt1]tanul[V]+jatok[Pt2]tanul[V]+janak[Pt3]tanul[V]+jam[TPe1]
tanul[V]+jad[TPe2]
tanul[V]+ja[TPe3]
tanul[V]+juk[TPt1]
tanul[V]+játok[TPt2]
tanul[V]+ják[TPt3](let) me learn (a)(let) you learn (a)(let) she learn (a)(let) we learn (a)(let) you learn (a)(let) they learn (a)(let) me learn (the)(let) you learn (the)(let) she learn (the)(let) we learn (the)(let) you learn (the)(let) they learn (the)Vmip1s------2-

tanul[V]+lak[Ie1]

I learn you

121

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian
Vmis1s------2Vmcp1s------2Vmmp1s------2-

tanul[V]+talak[IMe1]
tanul[V]+nálak[IFe1]
tanul[V]+jalak[IPe1]

I learnt you(if) I learnt you(let) me learn you

Vmn----------Vmnp1s-------Vmnp2s-------Vmnp3s-------Vmnp1p-------Vmnp2p-------Vmnp3p-------Vaip1s--------

tanul[V]+ni[INF]
tanul[V]+nom[INRe1]
tanul[V]+nod[INRe2]
tanul[V]+nia[INRe3]
tanul[V]+nunk[INRt1]
tanul[V]+notok[INRt2]
tanul[V]+niuk[INRt3]
fog[V]+ok[e1]to learn
for me to learn
for you to learn
for her to learn
for us to learn
for you to learn
for them to learn
I shall

7.3

Adjective (A)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typequalificative f- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlatives- -------------- -------------- 3 Gender- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativea
instrumentaliillativex
inessive2
elativeeallativet
adessive3
ablativebterminative
9
essivew
l.s. temporalisml.s. causaliscl.s. sublativesl.s. delative
hl.s. sociativeql.s. factive
yl.s. superessive
pl.s. distributiveu122

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarianl.s.

* ***************************** *6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 8 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 9 Formation- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person
first1
second2
third3---------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number
singularspluralp=================================

Notes:
1. Adjectives have the same suffixes that Nouns have plus Degree.
Thus the number of possibble forms is 3*924=2772.
2. Types like ordinal and cardinal are grouped as numerals.

Combinations:-------- --------- -------OwnerNum OwnerPers OwnedNum-------- --------- -------[sp]
[123]
[sp]
-------- --------- --------

Examples on combinations:
0123456789012
Afp-sn------Afc-sn------Afs-sn------Afs-sn----p1s
Afp-sw-------MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian

7.4

essive_formal f--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ---Pos Type Degr Num Case
Anim--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ---A f[pcs] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] [yn]--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ----

123nagy[A]big, greatnagy[A]+obb[FOK]biggerleg[FF]+nagy[A]+obb[FOK]biggestleg[FF]+nagy[A]+obb[FOK]+jaink[PSt1i]+é[POS]
that of our greatest (heroes)
magyar[A]+ul[ESSMOD]
in Hungarian

Pronoun (P)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typepersonalpdemonstrative dindefiniteipossessivesinterrogative q
relativerreflexivex
reciprocaly- -------------- -------------- 2 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 3 Gender- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativea
instrumentaliillativex
inessive2
elativeeallativet
adessive3
ablativebterminative
9
essivew
l.s. temporalisml.s. causaliscl.s. sublativesl.s. delative
hl.s. sociativeql.s. factive
yl.s. superessive
pl.s. distributive
ul.s. essive_formal f- -------------- -------------- 6 Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 7 Owner_Gender*********************************
8 Clitic-124

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian

125

7.5

- -------------- -------------- 9 Referent_Type- -------------- -------------- 10Syntactic_Type- -------------- -------------- 11Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Pronoun_Form- -------------- -------------- 15Owner_Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 16Owned_Number
singularspluralp=================================

7.6----------- ------------ -----------Owner_Number Owner_Person Owned_Number------------ ------------ -----------[sp]
[123]
[sp]
[sp]
[123]
[sp]
[sp]
[123]
[sp]

Article (T)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typedefinitefindefinitei- -------------- -------------- 2 Gender- -------------- -------------- 3 Number- -------------- -------------- 4 Case*********************************
5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 6 Animate=================================

Notes:We have tree articles: a, az and egy. These may not have number andcase. The word ’az’ may have but that is a pronoun in those cases.

Combinations:

Examples on combinations:
01234567890123456
Pp1-s-----------Pp1-p-s--------1Pd3-s-----------Pi3-s-----------Ps1-s-s--------1Pq3-s-----------Pr3-s-----------Px3-s-----------Pp3-p-----------Pp3-s-p--------2Pp3-p-p--------2Pp3-s-p--------2s
Py3-p------------

Determiner (D)Not applicable.

Combinations:--- ---- ----- ---- -----------------------Pos Type Pers Num Case--- ---- ----- ---- -----------------------P [px] [123] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf]P
y3p[ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf]Ps [123] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf]
P [diqr] 3[sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf]

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarianén[P]enyéim[P]ez[P]minden[P]én[P]=enyém+[POS]ki[P]aki[P]
maga[P]ti[P]tietek[P]tieitek[P]tieteké[P]egymás[P]I
my things (plural)
this
every
my
who (in questions)who (relative)
himself
youyour something
your somethings
your something
each other--- ---Pos Type--- ---T[fi]
01012345
Tf---Tf---Ti----7.7a[DET]
az[DET]egy[DET]

Adverb (R)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =

the
the
a

126

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian
1 Typegeneralgparticlepl.s. causalol.s. verbal
v
modifierml.s. interrogative q- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree*********************************
3 Cliticnonyesy- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Person
first1
second2
third3=================================------ -----Type
Degree------ -----[gmp]qo------ -----------Clitic-----y------

1. The modifier -e question word (the only Hungarian clitic) is attachedto the preceding word with a hyphen.
2. Some adverbs may have degree, but these do not formulate a specialclass. Presently we cannot give a criteria for this.

7.8------ -----Number Person------ -----[sp] [123]------ ------

most[R]
hogyan[R]belül[R]belül[R]=belj+ebb[FOK]
leg[FF]+belül[R]=belj+ebb[FOK]olvas[V]+va[HIN]
nem[R]
be[IK]
kutya[N]+-e[KSZE] (kutya-e?)áll[V]+tomban[HIVe1]áll[V]+todban[HIVe2]áll[V]+tában[HIVe3]áll[V]+tunkban[HIVp1]áll[V]+totokban[HIVp2]áll[V]+tukban[HIVep]áll[V]+ván[HINN]

Adposition (S)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typepostpositiont- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation*********************************
3 Case- -------------- -------------- 4 Clitic=================================

Notes:
1. Some of them require a suffix on the preceding noun (e.g. asztal[N]+on[SUP] túl[S]) while others do not (e.g. asztal[N] mellett[S]).
This feature is not represented here.

Examples on combinations:
012345
Rg---Rg---Rgp--Rgc--Rgs--Rv---Rm---Rp---Rq-y-Ro--s1
Ro--s2
Ro--s3Ro--p1
Ro--p2
Ro--sp
Ro----MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian
Notes:

Combinations:---Pos
---R
R
R
----

127

Combinations:now
howinsidedeeper inside
deepest inside
being read
no
into
dog?
as I standas you standas she stands
as we standas you standas they standas sy stands

--Pos
--S
---

---Type---t----

Examples on combinations:
01234
St--St---miatt[S]keresztül[S]7.9

Conjunction (C)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C

because ofthrough128

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian= ============== ============== =1 Typecoordinatingcsubordinating s*********************************
2 Formation
simplescompoundc- -------------- -------------- 3 Coord_Type
sentencepwordsw- -------------- -------------- 4 Sub_Type- -------------- -------------- 5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 6 Number- -------------- -------------- 7 Person=================================

Notes:
1. ’form’: Some conjuctions in Hungarian might occur alone (1) whileothers in pairs (2).

Combinations:
--Pos
--C
---

---- ---------- --------Type Coord-Type Formation---- ---------- --------[cs]
[pw]
[12]
---- ---------- ---------

Examples on combinations:
01234567
Csp-1--Ccp-1--Ccw-2--Ccw-2---

7.10

hogy[C]és[C]
is[C]
mind[C]

Numeral (M)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 TypecardinalcordinaloMeaning:

that
and
also
both

129

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian
fractalfcollectl- -------------- -------------- 2 Gender- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativea
instrumentaliillativex
inessive2
elativeeallativet
adessive3
ablativebterminative
9
essivew
l.s. temporalisml.s. causaliscl.s. sublativesl.s. delative
hl.s. sociativeql.s. factive
yl.s. superessive
pl.s. distributive
ul.s. essive_formal fl.s. multiplicative 6*********************************
5 Form
digit
d
roman
r
letterl- -------------- -------------- 6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 8 Class- -------------- -------------- 9 Animate- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number
singularspluralp

130

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian=================================

Combinations:--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- -------Pos Type Num Case
Form OwnerNum OwnerPers OwnedNum--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- -------N [cp] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] [dlr] [sp]
[123]
[sp]
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- --------131

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian

132

P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Syntactic_Type- ------------------------------2 Gender- -------------- -------------- 3 Number- -------------- -------------- 4 Case- -------------- -------------- 5 Definiteness=================================

Examples on combinations:
0123456789012
Mc-sn-------Mc-pn-------Mc-pn-----p3sMc-sa-------Mo-sn-------Mf-sn-------Mc-s6-------Mc-sw--------

7.11

egy[M]
nyolc[M]+ak[PL]nyolc[M]+ak[PL]+é[POS]
sok[M]+at[ACC]
hat[M]+odik[SORSZ]
hat[M]+od[TORT]egy[M]+szer[MUL]
hat[M]+an[ESSMOD]

Interjection (I)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Type
mood
m
other
o
- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation=================================

7.12

Residual (X)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== ==================================

7.13

Abbreviation (Y)= ============== ============== =onethose eight (men)this belongs to those eight (men)many (in accusative)
6th
1/6
one time
six of them

7.14

Particle (Q)Not applicable.

7.15

Derivation

Without handling derivation a satisfactory morphological analysis is not possible for Hungarian.
The HUMOR system, a general purpose morphological analyzer, handles it and the results canbe converted to Multext format since on syntactic level the morphological origin of stems are
generally irrelevant. The resulting word class is defined by the rightmost derivational suffix.
The suffix characters are literally attached to the word.

Here are the derivations that the analyser recognizes but instead of the origin we place only the
resulting class to the output. (Suffix tags used in HUMOR are in upper case, actual suffixes arein lower case.)
Noun-> Adjective-----------------------------------------Type
Form
Example-----------------------BELI : beliház+beli
FAJTA : fajtamás+fajta
FELE : félebútor+féle
FORMA : forma
tojás+forma
SZERU : szer}u
tej+szer}u
IKEP : iház+i
SKEP : s, as, os,
es, ösgyerek+es
UKEP : ú,
u
},
jú,
j}
u
arc+ú
FFOSZ : tlan,tlen,
atlan,etlen,-----------------------Comment-----------------------property of living in the houseof some other kindsimilar to furniture
egg shaped
milk+yhome (e.g. made)child+ish(red)-face+dMULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian

MER

talan,telen: nyiNoun,A -> Noun-----------------------Type
Form----------COL: ság,ség

Noun-> Noun-----------------------Type
Form----------DIM: cska,acska,
ecske,öcske,
ocska
FEM
: né

Noun
-> Verb-----------------------Type
Form----------FI: z,az,oz,ez,
öz

Verb
-> Adjective----------------------------Type
Form----------IFOSZT: atlan, etlen
MIF
: ó,
o
}
MIB
: t,ott,ett,öttMIA: andó,end}o
NIVALÖ anivaló,
enivaló,
nivalóVerb-> Adverb--------------------------

kanál+nyi’devoid of’, ’-less’
spoon+full-------------Example-------------barát+ság-----------------------Comment-----------------------friend+ship-------------Example-------------------------------------Comment------------------------

utcá+cska
Kovács+né

little street
Mrs. Kovács-------------Example-------------------------------------Comment------------------------

autó+z

go by car-------------Example-------------felel+etlen-----------------------Comment-----------------------sg not being answered

felel+}osy who answers

felel+t

the answered (question)

felel+end}osg that should be answerednéz+nivaló

sg that should be seen133

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian
Type----HIN

Form------: va,ve

Example-------------olvas+va

Comment-----------------------(while ) reading (the book)

Numeral-> Adjective----------------------------Type
Form----------KIEM : ik
LAGOS : lagos,leges-------------Example-------------hatod+ikmásod+lagos-----------------------Comment-----------------------six+th
second+ary-------------Example-------------------------------------Comment------------------------

olvas+ás

read+ing (gerund)olvas+hatnékthe intention of reading-------------Example-------------szép+ı́tvállas+od+ik-----------------------Comment-----------------------make it pretty (in compounds only)
becomes strong

okos+kod+ik

plays the smart (frequently)

Verb-> Noun-----------------------Type
Form----------IF: ás,és
DES: hatnék,hetnék

Adj-> Verb-----------------------Type
Form----------FAK: ı́tMI: od,ed,öd
MIGY : kod,ked,
köd

Verb
-> Verb------------------------------------Type
Form
Example-----------------------MUV: at,et,tat,tet olvas+tat
GYAK : gat,get,ogat,
eget,ögetolvas+gat
HAT: hat,hetolvas+hat
VISSZ : ód,o}dold+ódik
SZENV : tatik, tetik olvas+tatik134-----------------------Comment-----------------------makes him read
he reads frequently
he may readdissolves
makes the book being read

Examples:--------------------------------------

If ’szemtelés’ (littering, action of throwing away litter) is not in the dictionary we derive it fromthe verb ’litter’ szemetel[V] + és[IF] (where IF=Verb2Noun).

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Hungarian

135

Instead of giving the extra attribute to the verb expressing that it has a derivational suffix we
simply give the result of the analysis+conversion: szemetelés[N].
In Hungarian some derivation may follow the inflectional suffix. For these derivations the suffix+derivation together forms a compound derivation. The a new stem is generated from thestem + inflection + derivation segments and the resulting part of speech is determined by thederivation.
-----------------Type-----------------Nc-sn--ns1+FAM :Nc-su--u--+IKEP :Afc-sn--n---- +KIEM :----Form----ékiik-------------Example-------------apá+m+ék
asztal+onként+i
nagy+obb+ik-----------------------Comment-----------------------some people with my father
sg. done by each every table
the bigger one

There are adverbs that may get case endings. Since case inflections derivate adverb from nouns
these constructions can be handled as derivations. That means the stem is the stem + inflection
combination and the part of speech is adverb.
-----------------Type-----------------Ag---+ ablativ

7.16----Form----tól-------------Example-------------akkor+tól-----------------------Comment-----------------------since thenCompounding

Compounding is handled in a very similar way to derivation. The rightmost word class is always
the resulting one. If it contains some derivation as well then the result is the word class thatthe derivation determines.
Examples:
1. Hungarian is similar to German but we have a competence limit: we do not put together
more then 2 nouns. These two words might be compounds as well but they must be
lexicalized forms. So e.g.: rendőregyenruha (police uniform) is valid since it is put together
from rendőr (police) and egyenruha (uniform) where rendőr=rend (order) + őr (guard)
and egyenruha=egyen (uni) + ruha (clothes).
2. Of course the situation is more complicated since nouns can be derived from verbs, adjectives or other nouns, and these derivations can be parts of compoundns: e.g. autóbuszmegálló
(bus stop) where meg+áll+ó is derived from the verb áll (stand). Whereas megálló is lexicalized so dictionaries might contain it, the morphological rule is productive so compounding works well for constructions like tandı́jbefizetés (paying the tution fee)= tan(tution)+dı́j(fee)+ be(in) +fizet(pay) +és(ment).
3. Compounding, such as derivation, will not be mirrorred in the Multext format morphological analysis* a converter will produce an acceptable segmentation in the corpus. The
word class (POS) for these compounds will be the word class of the output compound (e.g.
tandı́jbefizetés/N ’the action of paying in the tuition fee’).

Chapter 8

Application to Czech
Authors:
Vladimı́r Petkevič, Faculty of Philosophy, Charles University, Prague.

Acknowledgements:
The most appreciated base used for the elaboration of the application was constituted by morphosyntactic tables for Czech elaborated by Hana Skoumalová. For all possible errors solely theauthor is to blame.

8.1

Noun (N)1.1. Lexicon= ============== ============== = ================= =========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = ================= =========================
1 Typecommonc knihaobecné jménoproperp Petrvlastnı́ jméno- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- ------------------------2 Gendermasculine
m otecmasculinum
feminine
f knihafemininum
neutern slunce
neutrum- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- ------------------------3 Number
singulars knihasingulárpluralp knihypluráldual
d rukamaduál- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- ------------------------4 Casenominativen knihanominativ
genitiveg knihy
genitiv
datived knizedativ
accusative
a knihuakuzativ
vocativev kniho!
vokativ
locativel knizelokálinstrumental
i knihou
instrumentál* ************** ************** * ----------------- -------------------------

136

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech
5 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 6 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- ------------------------7 Animate
l.s. non hradneživotné
l.s. yes
y otecživotné
- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- ------------------------8 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 9 Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 10Owned_Number=================================
Notes:
1. Czech distinguishes masculine animate (Animate=yes above)and masculine inanimate (Animate=no) Gender. Masculine inanimate Nouns always have the same form in the nominative and accusative Case, whereas masculine animate Nouns have predominantly the same form in the genitive and accusative Case. Masculine animate Nouns and masculine inanimate Nouns differ inaccusative singular and nominative plural only.
2. The dual Number manifests itself only in the instrumental Caseof several Nouns denoting dual parts of the human body.
3. Czech distinguishes 7 cases, the locative Case being obligatorily prepositional. With most paradigms, the form of the vocative differs from that of the nominative in singular; in plural the form of the vocative is identical to that of the nominative for all the paradigms.
4. Verbal nouns are classified as Nouns.
1.2 Combinations*** **** **** **** **** **** =============================================PoS Type Gend Numb Case Anim Examples*** **** **** **** **** **** =============================================
Npm[sp] anyyPavel, PavlovéNpm[sp] anyn
Hradec, HradceNpf[sp] any
Lenka, LenkyNpn[sp] any
Bradlo, Ústı́
N
c
m
s
n
kluk,
vor
N
c
m
s
g
kluka,
voru
N
c
m
s
d
klukovi,
voru
N
c
m
s
a
y
kluka
N
c
m
s
a
n
vor
N
c
m
s
v
kluku,
vore!
N
c
m
s
l
klukovi,
voru
N
c
m
s
i
klukem,
vorem
N
c
m
p
n
y
kluci
N
c
m
p
n
n
vory
N
c
m
p
g
kluků
vorů
N
c
m
p
d
klukůmvorům137

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech
N
c
m
p
a
kluky
vory
N
c
m
p
v
kluci!
vory!
N
c
m
p
l
klucı́chvorech
N
c
m
p
i
kluky
vory
N
c
[fn] s
n
sova,
kolo
N
c
[fn] s
g
sovy,
kola
N
c
[fn] s
d
sově
kolu
N
c
[fn] s
a
sovu
kolo
N
c
[fn] s
v
sovo!
kolo!
N
c
[fn] slsověkole / kolu
Nc[fn] s
i
sovou
kolem
N
c
[fn] p
n
sovy
kola
N
c
[fn] p
g
sov
kol
N
c
[fn] pd
sovámkolůmNc[fn] p
a
sovy
kola
N
c
[fn] p
v
sovy!
kola!
N
c
[fn] pl
sováchkolechNc[fn] pi
sovamikolyNc[fn] dirukamaočima(dual number)*** **** **** **** **** **** =============================================
Note: In the Combinations above, ’any’ is a variable standing for
any admissible value.

8.2

Verb (V)

2.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Typemain
m dělatvýznamové sloveso
auxiliarya mı́tpomocné slovesomodal
o musetmodálnı́ sloveso
copulac býtspona (kopula)- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------2 VForm
indicativei dělámindikativ
imperativem dělej!
imperativ
conditionalc bypodmiňovacı́ částiceinfinitiven dělat
infinitiv
participle
p dělal, dělánpřı́čestı́
l.s. transgressive t dělaje, udělavšipřechodnı́k- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------3 Tense
present
p dělámprézens
futuref budu, poběžı́mfuturumpasts dělalčas minulý
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------4 Person
first
1 dělámprvnı́ osoba
second2 děláš
druhá osoba

138

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech
third
3 dělátřetı́ osoba- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------5 Number
singulars dělámsingulárpluralp dělámeplurál- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------6 Gendermasculinem dělalmasculinum /rod mužský
femininef dělalafemininum /rod ženský
neutern dělalo
neutrum /rod střednı́
* ************** ************** * ------------------- -----------------------7 Voiceactivea dělalaktivum
passivep dělánpası́vum- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------8 Negativenon dělámkladné sloveso
yes
y nedělámzáporné sloveso- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------9 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 10Clitic- -------------- -------------- 11Case- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------12Animate
l.s. non dělalyneživotné
l.s. yesy dělaliživotné
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------13Clitic_s l.s. non udělaltvar bez klit. -sl.s. yesy udělals
tvar s klit. -s- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------14Aspect!NEW in V2!
- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy!NEW in V3!
==============================================================================
Notes
1.

2.
3.

4.

5.

The verb "být" (E. "to be") in all its functions is characterized as Type=c (i.e. the copula), which clearly is an oversimplification because the verb has more meanings (auxiliaryetc.).
Auxiliary verbs (Type=a) include neither the verb "být" (seeabove), nor the modal verbs.
The ’past participle’ in Czech is used for expressing compound
active past Tense and is encoded as:
Type=p(articiple), Tense=p(ast), Voice=a(ctive).
Passive participles are encoded as:
Type=participle, Tense=’-’, Voice=passive.
This encoding is used only for the passive participle in thepredicative position,e.g. "byl chycen"(E. "(he) wascaught"). The case marked passive participles, both in thepredicative and in the attributive position, e.g. "padělaný
rukopis" (E. "forged manuscript"), are classified as (qualificative) adjectives.
Adjectival active and passive participles, e.g. "stojı́cı́"(E. "standing") or "udělaný" (E. "performed" or "done", cf.

139

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech
Note 4 above) are classified as adjectives.
Negative verbs are marked as Negative=y, whereas non-negative
verbs are marked as Negative=n.
7. The term transgressive roughly corresponds to the term ’verbal
participle’. The transgressives distinguish:
Number (singular, plural),
Gender (masculine, non-masculine)
Tense (past, present)
The Gender opposition of masculine animate vs. masculine inanimate is neutralized in transgressives; thus, there is one
masculine form and one non-masculine (the form of feminine andneuter is neutralized).
8. Gender and Animate values correspond to those associated with
Nouns and are necessary to account properly for agreement.
9. Gender manifests itself in past participles, passive participles and transgressives only.
10. Normally, Verbs form the future Tense periphrastically by
auxiliary "být" (E. "to be") plus infinitive of the main
Verb. In addition to the copula, there are, however, some
Verbs which form future Tense non-periphrastically, i.e.
synthetically (Verbs of motion). Such verbal forms are marked
as Tense=f.
11. The ’yes’ value of the Clitic_s attribute denotes a verbal
form having the clitic morpheme ’s’ appended as a suffix. This’s’ morpheme expresses 2nd Person singular present Tense of
the auxiliary Verb "být" (i.e. the form "jsi"). There is nointermediate hyphen between the verbal form and the ’s’morpheme.
12. The Clitic_s attribute is specified for VForm=infinitive(VForm=n) and Vform=p(articiple) only.
13. Some modal and auxiliary Verbs do not form imperative andtransgressive.
14. Thevoice value(’a’ or’p’) isnot specified for
VForm=c(onditional) and VForm=t(ransgressive), in which case
VForm=’-’.
6.

2.2 Combinations*** **** **** **** **** **** ***** ---- ---- ---- ---- ========================PoS Type VFrm Tens Pers Numb Gend Voic Neg Anim Cl_s Examples*** **** **** **** **** **** ***** ---- ---- ---- ---- ========================
Vmn[na] [ny]- [ny] prát, neprat
Van[na] [ny]- [ny] mı́t, nemı́tVon[na] [ny]- [ny] muset, nemusetVcn[na] [ny]- [ny] být, nebýt
V
c
c
3
s
- by
V
c
c
- [12]s- bych, bysVcc- [12]
p- bychom, bysteVcif [123] san- budu, budeš, budeVcif [123] say- nebudu, nebudeš, nebudeVcif [123] pan- budeme, budete, budouVcif [123] pay- nebudeme, nebudete, nebudou

140

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech
V
V

m
m

i
i

f
f

[123]
[123]

s
s

-

a
a

n
y

-

-

V
V

m
m

i
i

f
f

[123]
[123]

p
p

-

a
a

n
y

-

-

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

c
c
c
c
m
m
m
m
a
a
a
a
o
o

i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i

p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p

[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]

s
s
p
p
s
s
p
p
s
s
p
p
s
s

-

a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a

n
y
n
y
n
y
n
y
n
y
n
y
n
y

-

-

V

o

i

p

[123]

p

-

a

n

-

-

V

o

i

p

[123]

p

-

a

y

-

-

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

c
c
c
m
m
m
c
c
c
c

m
m
m
m
m
m
p
p
p
p

p
p
p
p
p
p
s
s
s
s

1
2
2
1
2
2
-

p
[sp] [sp] p[sp] [sp] s [mfn]s [mfn]s [mfn]s [mfn]

a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a

[ny]
n
y
[ny]
n
y
n
y
n
y

-

n
n
y
y

V
V
V
V
V
V

c
c
c
c
a
a

p
p
p
p
p
p

s
s
s
s
s
s

-

p
p
p
p
s
s

m
m
[fn]
[fn]
[mfn]
[mfn]

a
a
a
a
a
a

n
y
n
y
n
y

[yn]
[yn]
-

n
n
n
n
n
n

V
V

a
a

p
p

s
s

-

s
s

[mfn]
[mfn]

a
a

n
y

-

y
y

V
V
V
V
V
V

a
a
a
a
o
o

p
p
p
p
p
p

s
s
s
s
s
s

-

p
p
p
p
s
s

m
m
[fn]
[fn]
[mfn]
[mfn]

a
a
a
a
a
a

n
y
n
y
n
y

[yn]
[yn]
-

n
n
n
n
n
n

poletı́m, poletı́š, poletı́
nepoletı́m, nepoletı́š,
nepoletı́poletı́me, poletı́te, poletı́
nepoletı́me, nepoletı́te,nepoletı́
jsem, jsi, je
nejsem, nejsi, nenı́jsme, jste, jsou
nejsme, nejste, nejsou
třu, třeš, tře
netřu, netřeš, netřetřeme, třete, třou
netřeme, netřete, netřoumám, máš, má
nemám, nemáš, nemámáme, máte, majı́nemáme, nemáte, nemajı́
musı́m, musı́š, musı́
nemusı́m, nemusı́š,
nemusı́musı́me, musı́te,musejı́/musı́
nemusı́me, nemusı́te,nemusejı́
buďme!, nebuďme!
buď!, buďte!
nebuď!, nebuďte!
pracujme!, nepracujme!
pracuj!, pracujte!
nepracuj!, nepracujte!
byl, byla, bylo
nebyl, nebyla, nebylo
byls, bylas, bylos
nebyls, nebylas,
nebylos
byli, byly
nebyli, nebyly
byly, byla
nebyly, nebylaměl, měla, měloneměl, neměla,neměloměls, mělas, mělosneměls, nemělas,nemělosměli, mělyneměli, neměly
měly, mělaneměly, nemělamusel, musela, muselo
nemusel, nemusela,nemuselo141

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech
V

musels, muselas,muselosVopss [mfn]ayy nemusels, nemuselas,nemuselos
V
o
p
s
p
m
a
n [yn]n museli, musely
V
o
p
s
p
m
a
y [yn]
n nemuseli, nemusely
Vopsp [fn]
ann musely, musela
Vopsp [fn]ayn nemusely, nemuselaVmpss [mfn]ann dělal, dělala,dělaloVmpss [mfn]ayn nedělal, nedělala,nedělaloVmpss [mfn]any dělals, dělalas,dělalosVmpss [mfn]ayy nedělals, nedělalas,nedělalos
V
m
p
s
p
m
a
n [yn]
n dělali, dělaly
V
m
p
s
p
m
a
y [yn]
n nedělali, nedělalyVmpsp [fn]ann dělaly, dělalaVmpsp [fn]ayn nedělaly, nedělalaVmps [mfn]pnn udělán, udělána
udělánoVmps [mfn]pyn neudělán, neudělána
neuděláno
V
m
p
p
m
p
n [yn]
n uděláni, udělány
V
m
p
p
m
p
y [yn]
n neuděláni, neudělányVmpp [fn]
pnn udělány, udělánaVmpp [fn]pyn neudělány, neudělána
V
c
t
p
s
m
- [ny]- jsa, nejsaVctps [fn]- [ny]- jsouc, nejsouc
V
c
t
p
p
- [ny]- jsouce, nejsouce
V
m
t
p
s
m
- [ny]- dělaje, nedělajeVmtps [fn]- [ny]- dělajı́c, nedělajı́c
V
m
t
p
p
- [ny]- dělajı́ce nedělajı́ce
V
c
t
s
s
m
- [ny]- byv, nebyvVctss [fn]- [ny]- byvši, nebyvši
V
c
t
s
p
- [ny]- byvše, nebyvše
V
m
t
s
s
m
- [ny]- udělav, neudělavVmtss [fn]- [ny]- udělavši, neudělavšı́
V
m
t
s
p
- [ny]- udělavše, neudělavše*** **** **** **** **** **** ***** ---- ---- ---- ---- =======================

8.3

o

p

s

-

s

[mfn]

a

n

-

y

Adjective (A)

3.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term

142

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Typequalificative f dobrý
kvalitativnı́ adjektivum
possessive
s matčinposesı́vnı́ adjektivum- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------2 Degree
positivep dobrý
pozitiv / 1. stupeň
comparative
c lepšı́komparativ / 2. stupeňsuperlatives nejlepšı́
superlativ / 3. stupeň- -------------- -------------- - ------------------ -----------------------3 Gendermasculine
m dobrý
masculinum / rod mužský
femininef dobrá
femininum / rod ženský
neutern dobréneutrum / rod střednı́
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------4 Number
singulars dobrý
singulárpluralp dobřı́
pluráldual
d dobrýmaduál- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------5 Casenominativen dobrý
nominativ
genitiveg dobréhogenitiv
datived dobrému
dativ
accusative
a dobréhoakuzativ
vocativev dobrý!
vokativ
locativel dobrémlokálinstrumental
i dobrým
instrumentál* ***************************** * ------------------- -----------------------6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------8 Animate
non dobréneživotné
yes
y dobřı́životné
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------9 Formation l.s. nominal
n stárjmenný tvar
l.s. compoundc starýsložený tvar
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================
Notes
1. Three deverbative adjectival participles, i.e. past active
participle, passive participle and present active participle
are not distinguished. They are conflated in the ’qualificative’ value of the Type attribute (Type=f).
2. Only qualificative (and passive participle) Adjectives can be
specified for Degree and for nominal (short) Form.
3. The attributes Gender, Number, Case and Animate correspond to
the same categories within the Nouns. They are necessary forthe proper account of agreement of Adjectives with Nouns.
4. The Formation attribute distinguishes a nominal (short) form

143

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech
from a so-called compound (long) form of an Adjective. The nominal form can be used in the predicative function only. It is
specified for nominative and accusative Case only.
5. The Adjectives which have no degrees of comparison have theDegree value equal to p(ositive).
3.2 Combinations*** **** ***** **** **** **** **** **** ======================================PoS Type Degr Gend Numb Case Anim Form Examples*** **** ***** **** **** **** **** **** ======================================
A
s
m
s
n
otcůvAsmsg
otcovaAsmsd
otcovuAsmsayotcovaAsmsanotcůvAsmsv
otcův!
Asmsl
otcově / otcovu
A
s
m
s
i
otcovým
A
s
m
p
n
y
otcoviAsmpnn
otcovyAsmpg
otcovýchAsmpd
otcovýmAsmpa
otcovyAsmpv
yotcovi!
Asmpvn
otcovy!
AsmplotcovýchAsmpiotcovými
A
s
[fn]
s
n
otcova, otcovo
A
s
[fn]
s
g
otcovy, otcova
A
s
[fn]
s
d
otcově, otcovu
A
s
[fn]
s
a
otcovu, otcovo
A
s
[fn]
s
v
otcova!, otcovo
A
s
[fn]
s
l
otcově, otcově / otcovu
A
s
[fn]
s
i
otcovou, otcovým
A
s
[fn]
p
n
otcovy, otcova
A
s
[fn]
p
g
otcových
A
s
[fn]
p
d
otcovým
A
s
[fn]
p
a
otcovy, otcova
A
s
[fn]
p
v
otcovy! otcova!
A
s
[fn]
p
l
otcových
A
s
[fn]
p
i
otcovými
A
s
[fn]
d
i
otcovýma
Af[pcs] msncdobrý
Af[pcs] msgcdobréhoAf[pcs] msdcdobrémuAf[pcs] msaycdobréhoAf[pcs] msanc
dobrý
Af[pcs] msv
cdobrý!
Af[pcs] mslcdobrémAf[pcs] msicdobrýmAf[pcs] mpnycdobřı́Af[pcs] mpnncdobré

144

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— CzechAf[pcs] mpgcdobrýchAf[pcs] mpdcdobrýmAf[pcs] mpacdobré
Af[pcs] mpv
ycdobřı́Af[pcs] mpv
ncdobré
Af[pcs] mplcdobrýchAf[pcs] mpicdobrýmiAf[pcs] [fn]sncdobrá, dobré
Af[pcs] [fn]sgcdobré, dobréhoAf[pcs] [fn]sdcdobré, dobrémuAf[pcs] [fn]sacdobrou, dobré
Af[pcs] [fn]svcdobrá!, dobré
Af[pcs] [fn]slcdobré, dobrémAf[pcs] [fn]sicdobrou, dobrýmAf[pcs] [fn]pncdobré, dobrá
Af[pcs] [fn]pgcdobrýchAf[pcs] [fn]pdcdobrýmAf[pcs] [fn]pacdobré, dobrá
Af[pcs] [fn]pvcdobré, dobrá
Af[pcs] [fn]plcdobrýchAf[pcs] [fn]picdobrýmiAf[pcs] [fn]dicdobrýmaAf[mfn] snnstár, stára, stároAf[mfn] sanstára, stáru, stáro
A
f
m
p
n
[ny] nstáři, stáry
A
f
[fn]
p
n
n
stáry, stáraAf[mfn] panstáry, stáry, stára*** **** ***** **** **** **** **** **** ======================================

8.4

Pronoun (P)4.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Typepersonal
p já
osobnı́demonstrative d ten
ukazovacı́
indefinite
i někdo
neurčité
possessive
s jejı́posesı́vnı́
interrogative q kdo
tázacı́relativer jenžvztažné / relativnı́
reflexive
x sezvratné / reflexı́vnı́
negativez nikdozáporná / negativnı́
generalg každý
totálnı́- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------2 Person
first
1 já
prvnı́ osoba
second2 ty
druhá osoba

145

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech
third
3 on
třetı́ osoba- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------3 Gendermasculine
m on
masculinum
feminine
f ona
femininum
neutern toneutrum- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------4 Number
singulars ty
singulárpluralp oni
pluráldual
d těmaduál- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------5 Casenominative
n ty
nominativ
genitiveg tebegenitiv
datived tobě,ti
dativ
accusative
a tebe, těakuzativ
locativel tobělokálinstrumental
i tebou
instrumentál- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------6 Owner_Number
singulars můjsingulárpluralp jejich
plurál- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------7 Owner_Gendermasculine
m jehožmasculinum
femininef jejı́hož
femininum
neutern jehožneutrum********************************* ------------------- -----------------------8 Clitic
non toběnepřı́klonnéyes
y tipřı́klonka- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------9 Referent_Type personalp se, sebe, si
osobnı́ zvratnépossessive
s svůjzvratné posesı́vnı́
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------10Syntactic_Type nominal
n on
syntaktické substantivum
adjectival
a který
syntaktické adjektivum- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------11Definiteness- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------12Animatenon kterýneživotné
yes
y kteřı́, kteréhoživotné
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------13Clitic_s l.s. yes
y tys,seszájmeno s klitickým -sl.s. non tyzájmeno bez klitic. -s- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------14Pronoun_Form- -------------- -------------- 15Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 16Owned_Number================ ================
Notes
1. Gender, Number, Case and Animate correspond to the same
categories as specified for Nouns. They are necessary forthe proper account of agreement of adjectival Pronouns with146

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech
Nouns.
2. Type=reflexive ecompasses all reflexive pronouns (‘‘se’’, ‘‘sebe’’,‘‘si’’, ‘‘svůj’’) as well as "se" in its role as the obligatory
particle of reflexive verbs. Personal and possessive reflexives
are further distinguished via the Referent_Type attribute.
"se" in all its roles will be marked as the reflexive personal
clitic pronoun.
3. Pronouns are distinguished between having a (syntactically)
nominal and (syntactically) adjectival function. All
pronominal types except the demonstrative and possessive one
can be nominal, and all except for the personal one can beadjectival.
5. Referent_Type is used to distinguish personal reflexives(which include "se" in all its functions) from the possesivereflexives ("svůj").
6. Negative and general Pronouns ("general" Pronouns concern the
Pronouns like "všichni" [E. "all"], "každý" [E. "every"]etc.) are important from the viewpoint of their syntactic
distribution.
7. The Clitic attribute distinguishes clitical vs. noncliticalpronominal forms, e.g. "ti" vs. "tobě".
8. The ’yes’ value of the Clitic_s attribute denotes a pronominal
form having the clitic morpheme ’s’ appended as a suffix. Thismorpheme expresses 2nd Person singular present Tense of theauxiliary Verb "být" (E. "to be"). There is no intermediate
hyphen between the Pronoun and the ’s’ morpheme.
9. Owner_Number and Owner_Gender concern the possessor’s Number
and Gender, respectively.

4.2 Combinations*** **** ***** ***** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- ----- ---- =============PoS Type Pers Gend Numb Case Ow_N Ow_G Clit Ref Syn Anim Cl_s Examples*** **** ***** ***** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- ----- ---- =============
Px- [ga]
y
p
n
n
se
P
x
- [ga]
y
p
n
y
ses
P
x
- [ga]
n
p
n
sebe
P
x
d
y
p
n
n
si
P
x
d
y
p
n
y
sis
P
x
- [dl]npn[ny] sobě
P
x
i
n
p
n
[ny] sebouPx[mfn] all anynsa [ny-] n
svůj
P
p
1
[sp] all- [ny] n[ny] já, myP
p2[sp] all- [ny] nnty, vy
P
p
2
s
n
n
n
y
tys
P
p
3
[mfn] [sp] all- [ny] n[ny] on, oni,
ony, onaPs1[mfn] all allsna [ny-] [ny] můjPs2
[mfn] all [na]sna [ny-] [ny] tvůjPs3s [mn]na[ny] jehoPs3[mfn] all allsfna[ny] jejı́
Ps3
p [mfn] najejich147

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— CzechPd[mfn] all allna [ny-] [ny] 1)
P
i
[mn]
s all
n
n
2)
P
i
[mfn] [sp] allna [ny-] 3)
P[qr] [mn]
s all
n
n
4)
P
[qr] [mfn] [sp] allna [ny-] 5)
P
z
[mn]
s all
n
n
6)
P
z
[mfn] [sp] allna [ny-] 7)Pg[mfn] [sp] allnn [ny-] 8)*** **** ***** ***** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- ----- ---- =============
1) ten, tento, tamten, tenhle, tenhleten, takový, onaký2) někdo, nějaký, kdovı́kdo, leckdo, leccos, něco3) jaký, který, kdovı́jaký, lecjaký4) kdo, co5) jaký, který, jenž, což6) nikdo, nic7) žádný, nijaký8) všechen, každý

8.5

Determiner (D)Not applicable.

8.6

Article (T)Not applicable.

8.7

Adverb (R)

7.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Typegeneralg dobřepřı́slovce- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------2 Degree
positivep málopozitiv / 1. stupeň
comparativec méněkomparativ / 2. stupeňsuperlatives nejméněsuperlativ / 3. stupeň148

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech* ************** ************** * ------------------- -----------------------3 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 4 Number- -------------- -------------- 5 Person= ============== ============== =Notes
1. The classification given above is considerably simplified ascompared to traditional Czech grammars. There can be otherclassifications as well, eg.:(a) syntactic: Adverb modifying a Verb
Adverb modifying an Adjective
Adverb modifying another Adverb
Adverb modifying a Noun from the left
Adverb modifying a Noun from the right(b) semantic
temporalspatialqualitative...
We refrained from this typology here.
2. Particles form a separate part of speech category (see below)
as is customary in Czech grammars.
3. The Adjectives which have no degrees of comparison have theDegree value equal to p(ositive) similarly as Adjectives.

7.2 Combinations*** **** **** ================================================================
Pos Type Deg Examples*** **** **** ================================================================
Rgpdobře
R
g
c
lépe
R
g
s
nejlépeRgptady*** **** **** ================================================================

149

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------2 Formation
simples na, vpredložka (pravá)compoundc naň, oč
kontrakce předl. + zájm.
* ************** ************** * ------------------- -----------------------3 Case
(req.by prep.) genitive
g bez
genitiv
datived protidativ
accusativea pro
akuzativ
locativel v
lokálinstrumental
i s
instrumentál- -------------- -------------- - ---- -------------- -----------------------4 Clitic=================================
Notes
1. Czech has only Prepositions, no postpositions.
2. For the disambiguation of word forms belonging to declension
parts of speech it seems necessary to include the information
about the case which each Preposition requires.
3. A preposition can be contracted with a pronoun; such a
preposition has Formation=c(ompound).

8.2 Combinations*** **** **** ---- ===========================================================PoS Type Form Case Examples*** **** **** ---- ===========================================================
Sps
g bez, kroměSpsd k, proti
Spsa pro, mimoSpsl o, v, přiSpsi s, podS
pc- naň, zač*** **** **** ---- ===========================================================

8.9
8.8

Adposition (S)8.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Typepreposition
p nad
předložka

Conjunction (C)9.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Typecoordinating
c a, ani
spojka souřadicı́
subordinating s aby, protožespojka podřadicı́
* ************** ************** * ------------------- -----------------------2 Formation-

150

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech- -------------- -------------- 3 Coord_Type- -------------- -------------- 4 Sub_Type- -------------- -------------- 5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------6 Number
singulars kdybych
spojka ’kdyby’+sg. od ’by’
pluralp kdybyste
spojka ’kdyby’+pl. od ’by’
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------7 Person
first
1 abychspojka ’aby’+1.os. od ’by’
second2 abystespojka ’aby’+2.os. od ’by’
third
3 aby
spojka ’aby’+3.os. od ’by’================================================================================
Notes
1. Conjunctions "abych", "abys", ..., "kdybych", ... are composedof the Conjunction "aby" or "kdyby" and the conditional
particle ‘‘by’’ ("bych", "bys", "by", "bychom", "byste").
These Conjunctions are therefore specified for Person andNumber for the sake of agreement relation.
2. The class of two-part Conjunctions has not been introduced.

9.2 Combinations*** **** ---- ---- ===========================================================PoS Type Numb Pers Examples*** **** ---- ---- ===========================================================
Cca, i, ba, neboť, aniCsže, protože, zda
Cs3
aby, kdybyCss [12] abych, abys, kdybych, kdybysCs
p [12] abychom, abyste, kdybychom, kdybyste*** **** =====================================================================

8.10

Numeral (M)10.1 Lexicon= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Typecardinal
c dvačı́slovka základnı́
ordinalo pátýčı́slovka řadová
multiplem dvakrátčı́slovka násobná
specials dvojı́čı́slovka druhová

151

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------2 Gendermasculine
m dva
masculinum
feminine
f dvě
femininum
neutern dvě
neutrum- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------3 Number
singulars druhý
singulárpluralp druzı́pluráldual
d druhýmaduál- -------------- -------------- --------------------- -----------------------4 Casenominativen dva, dvě
nominativ
genitiveg dvougenitiv
datived dvěmadativ
accusative
a dva, dvě
akuzativ
locativel dvoulokálinstrumental
i dvěma
instrumentál- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------5 Form
digit
d 5
čı́slo (arabské)roman
r MCMVIIIčı́slo (řı́mské)
letterl šedesátčı́slovka slovem* ************** ************** * ------------------- -----------------------6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------8 Classdefinite1
1 jedendefinite2
2 dva
definite34
3 třidefinitef pětdemonstrative d tolik
indefinite
i několik
interrogative q kolik
relativer kolik---------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------9 Animatenon páténeživotnéyesy pátı́životné
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================
Notes
1. Numerals have been specified as a separate category because of
their specific syntactic distribution. We have specified two
syntactic classifications by means of the attributes Type andClass; they concern different syntactic distributions. For
instance "několik" (E. "several") will be characterized as:
Type: cardinal
Class: indefinite
2. Among
the definite
numbers there
are four subclasses

152

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech(definite1, definite2, definite34, definite) which differ intheir syntactic distribution and contain the following Numerals:{1}, {2}, {3,4}, {5,6,...}
3. Gender, Number and Case correspond to the same categories
as specified for Nouns. They are necessary for the properaccount of agreement of Numerals with Nouns.
4. In direct cases (nominative, accusative) the cardinal numerals
belonging to the class with one of the values {fdiqr} (see above)
behave like neuter Nouns in singular, whereas in oblique cases
they behave like adjectival attributes in plural.

10.2 Combinations*** **** **** **** **** ---- ------ ----- ===================================PoS Type Gend Numb Case Form Class Anim Examples*** **** **** **** **** ---- ------ ----- ===================================
Md [123f]
56
M
r [123f]
MVIII
M
c [mfn]sanyl1
jeden, jedna, jednoMc [mfn]panyl2dva, dvě
M
c
p
any
l
3
tři, čtyřiMcn[sp] anylfpět, deset, padesátMcn[sp] anyl [diqr]
tolik, několik, kolikMo [mfn] [spd] anylany [ny-] prvnı́, druhý, několikátý
M
m
l
any
dvakrát, pětkrát, několikrátMs [mfn] [spd] nlany [ny-] dvojı́, troje, paterý*** **** **** **** **** ---- ------ ----- ===================================
Note: In the Combinations above, ’any’ is a variable standing for
any admissible value.

8.11

Interjection (I)= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type- au!, och!
citoslovce- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------2 Formation=================================

8.12

Residual (X)

153

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Czech= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================- sic, a+b
Zbývajı́cı́ elementy= ============== ============== =8.13

Abbreviation (Y)= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Syntactic_Type- atd.
zkratka- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------2 Gender- -------------- -------------- 3 Number- -------------- -------------- 4 Case- -------------- -------------- 5 Definiteness=================================

8.14

Particle (Q)= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT
VAL
C Example
Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type- ano, nepartikule / částice- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- -----------------------2 Formation- -------------- -------------- 3 Clitic=================================

154

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

156

for example, the new Verb attribute of Aspect has position 14, leading to MSDs such as
Von-----------e. In the future, it might be worth investigating a ’minimum length method of
localisation’ where attributes are allowed to be locally permuted, or change the original MULTEXT tables, to allow East languages to place lexical attributes towards the beginning of the
MSDs.

Chapter 99.2

Application to Slovene
Authors:
Tomaž Erjavec, Peter Holozan, Vojko Gorjanc, Marko Stabej
Acknowledgements:
The authors thank Velimir Gjurin, France Žagar, Vladimı́r Petkevič, Lydia Sinapova and David
Stermole for their much appreciated comments and suggestions. All errors of course remain our
own.

9.1

Introduction

The first version of these specifications was produced in the scope of the MULTEXT-East
project. The tables and lexicon are described in T. Erjavec: The MULTEXT-East Slovene
Lexicon. ERK’98, http://nl.ijs.si/et/Bib/ERK98/erk/.
The second version of the guidelines was produced for the FIDA Slovene reference corpus,
http://www.fida.net/. Here the specifications were revised and localised to Slovene. Finally,
the harmonisation of the FIDA version with the common Multext-East one was accomplishedin the context of the Concede project.
The rest of this report is structured as follows: we first give the table of categories and then asection for all the Parts of Speech distinguished in Slovene.
For each PoS we first give the table of feature values, based on the common MULTEXT-East
tables. In addition to giving the English terms each attribute-value table gives also the Slovene
names of the attributes, their values and their MSD codes. This localised specification enables not only automatic expansion of e.g. the MSD Ncmsa--n to Noun common masculine
singular accusative -animate but also the translation into Somet--n, meaning Samostalnik
občno ime moški ednina tožilnik -živost.
Each PoS section contains, in addition to the attribute-value tables, also a section with ’feature
co-occurrence restrictions’ for the allowed combinations and a listing with enumerated allowed(lexical) MSDs. The listing accompanies each MSD with an example word-form and lemma.
Because the Slovene tables are based on the common MULTEXT-East ones, new attributes introduced in FIDA had to be added at the tail. This leads in some cases to ungainly MSDs;

155

Table of Categories=============== ======= =============== =======
PoS-enCode-en PoS-sl
Code-sl=============== ======= =============== =======
Noun
N
SamostalnikS
VerbV
GlagolG
AdjectiveA
Pridevnik
P
Adverb
R
Prislov
R
PronounP
Zaimek
Z
Adposition
S
PredlogD
Conjunction
C
VeznikV
ParticleQ
Členek
L
Interjection
I
MedmetM
ŠtevnikK
NumeralM
Abbreviation
Y
Okrajšava
O
Residual
X
Neuvrščeno
N
ArticleČlen
Determiner=============== ======= =============== =======
Notes:• The order of the categories above is different from the one in the common tables for
MULTEXT-East languages.

• The category Article (Slovene: ’člen’) exists for Slovene, but it encompasses only two words(’ta’ / this, ’en’ / one) and even these are used only colloquially. Furthermore, these twowords can also function as a pronoun or numeral respectively. As it would be difficult todisambiguate between the categories, Article is not used for Slovene.

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

9.3

157

Noun (N) // Samostalnik (S)= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en ATT-sl
VAL-slC-sl= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====
1 Typecommonc
vrsta
občno_ime
oproperp
lastno_imel- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---2 Gendermasculinemspolmoškim
femininefženskiz
neuternsrednjis- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---3 Number
singularsštevilo
edninaepluralpmnožinam
dual
ddvojinad- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---4 Casenominativensklon
imenovalnikigenitivegrodilnikrdativeddajalnikdaccusativeatožilniktlocativelmestnikm
instrumentaliorodniko* ***************************** **** ************** ************** ****
5 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---6 Clitic- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---7 Animatenonživost
ne
n
yes
y
da
d
- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---8 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 9 Owner_Person---------------- -------------- 10Owned_Number=================================
Notes:• The ’deverbal noun’ or ’gerund’ is marked as a Noun, e.g. from the Verb ’iskati’ we get’iskanje’, Ncnsn.
• Animacy is marked only on the Noun masculine singular accusative (N*msa).
• Feminine declension masculine nouns have two Ncmsa forms, both are marked as animate,e.g. vodjo / vodja are both Ncmsa–y.

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

158

Combinations*** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ========================================PoS Type Gend Numb Case(Def)(Cltc)Anim Examples*** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ========================================
Np[mfn] snJanez,
Micka,
KršoNp[mfn] sg
Janeza,Micke,
KršaNp[mfn] sdJanezu,Micki,
Kršu
N
p
m
s
a
n KranjNpmsay Janeza
N
p
[fn]
s
a
Micko,
KršoNp[mfn] slJanezu,Micki,
KršuNp[mfn] si
Janezom,
Micko,
KršomNp[mf]pn
Slovenci,
Slovenke
N
p
[mf]
p
g
Slovencov, Slovenk
N
p
[mf]
p
d
Slovencom, Slovenkam
N
p
[mf]
p
a
Slovenci,
Slovenke
N
p
[mf]
p
l
Slovencih, Slovenkah
N
p
[mf]
p
i
Slovenci,
Slovenkami
N
p
[mf]
d
n
Slovenca,
Slovenki
N
p
[mf]
d
g
Slovencov, Slovenk
N
p
[mf]
d
d
Slovencoma, Slovenkama
N
p
[mf]
d
a
Slovenca,
Slovenki
N
p
[mf]
d
l
Slovencih, Slovenkah
N
p
[mf]
d
i
Slovenci,
SlovenkamaNc[mfn] s
n
stol,
lipa,
sonce
N
c
[mfn] sgstola,
lipe,
sonca
N
c
[mfn] sdstolu,
lipi,
soncu
N
c
m
s
a
n stolNcmsay gospoda
N
c
[fn]
s
a
lipo,
sonce
N
c
[mfn] slstolu,
lipi,
soncu
N
c
[mfn] sistolom, lipo,
soncemNc[mfn] pnstoli,
lipe,
sonca
N
c
[mfn] pgstolov, lip,soncNc[mfn] pdstolom, lipam, soncem
Nc[mfn] pastole,
lipe,
sonca
N
c
[mfn] plstolih, lipah, soncihNc[mfn] pistoli,
lipami, sonciNc[mfn] dnstola,
lipi,
sonci
N
c
[mfn] dgstolov, lip,soncNc[mfn] ddstoloma, lipama, soncemaNc[mfn] dastola,
lipi,
sonci
N
c
[mfn] dlstolih, lipah, soncihNc[mfn] distoloma, lipama, soncem*** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ========================================

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

159

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

Lexicon

9.4

98 MSDs:= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en ATT-sl
VAL-slC-sl= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====
1 Typemainmvrsta
polnopomenski p
modalonaklonski
ncopulacvezniv- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---2 VForm
indicativeigl. oblika
povednikpimperativemvelelnikv
conditionalcpogojnikginfinitivennedoločniknparticiplepdeležnikdsupineunamenilnikm- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---3 Tense
presentpčassedanjiksfuturefprihodnjikppasts
nesedanjikr- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---4 Person
first
1
oseba
prva
1
second
2
druga
2
third
3
tretja3- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---5 Number
singularsštevilo
edninaepluralpmnožinam
dual
ddvojinad- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---6 Gendermasculinemspolmoškim
femininefženskiz
neuternsrednjis******************************* **** ************** ************** ****
7 Voiceactiveanačintvornikt
passivep
trpni_deležnik r- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---8 Negative
nonnikalnost
nezanikaninyesyzanikanid- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---9 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 10Clitic- -------------- -------------- 11Case- -------------- -------------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- -Ncfda(čački / čačka) Ncfdd(čačkama / čačka) Ncfdg(čačk / čačka) Ncfdi(čačkama / čačka) Ncfdl(čačkah /čačka) Ncfdn(čački / čačka) Ncfpa(čačke / čačka) Ncfpd(čačkam / čačka) Ncfpg(čačk / čačka) Ncfpi(čačkami/ čačka) Ncfpl(čačkah / čačka) Ncfpn(čačke / čačka) Ncfsa(čačko / čačka) Ncfsd(čački / čačka) Ncfsg(čačke/ čačka) Ncfsi(čačko / čačka) Ncfsl(čački / čačka) Ncfsn(čačka / =) Ncmda(čaja / čaj) Ncmdd(čajema /čaj) Ncmdg(čajev / čaj) Ncmdi(čajema / čaj) Ncmdl(čajih / čaj) Ncmdn(čaja / čaj) Ncmpa(čaje / čaj)
Ncmpd(čajem / čaj) Ncmpg(čajev / čaj) Ncmpi(čaji / čaj) Ncmpl(čajih / čaj) Ncmpn(čaji / čaj) Ncmsa–n(čaj / čaj) Ncmsa–y(čarodeja / čarodej) Ncmsd(čajniku / čajnik) Ncmsg(čaja / čaj) Ncmsi(čajem /čaj) Ncmsl(čajniku / čajnik) Ncmsn(čaj / =) Ncnda(čaščenji / čaščenje) Ncndd(čaščenjema / čaščenje)
Ncndg(čaščenj / čaščenje) Ncndi(čaščenjema / čaščenje) Ncndl(čaščenjih / čaščenje) Ncndn(čaščenji/ čaščenje) Ncnpa(čaščenja / čaščenje) Ncnpd(čaščenjem / čaščenje) Ncnpg(čaščenj / čaščenje) Ncnpi(čaščenji / čaščenje) Ncnpl(čaščenjih / čaščenje) Ncnpn(čaščenja / čaščenje) Ncnsa(čaščenje / čaščenje)
Ncnsd(čaščenju / čaščenje) Ncnsg(čaščenja / čaščenje) Ncnsi(čaščenjem / čaščenje) Ncnsl(čaščenju /čaščenje) Ncnsn(čaščenje / =) Npfda(Čehinji / Čehinja) Npfdd(Čehinjama / Čehinja) Npfdg(Čehinj /Čehinja) Npfdi(Čehinjama / Čehinja) Npfdl(Čehinjah / Čehinja) Npfdn(Čehinji / Čehinja) Npfpa(Čehinje/ Čehinja) Npfpd(Čehinjam / Čehinja) Npfpg(Čehinj / Čehinja) Npfpi(Čehinjami / Čehinja) Npfpl(Čehinjah/ Čehinja) Npfpn(Čehinje / Čehinja) Npfsa(Češko / Češka) Npfsd(Češki / Češka) Npfsg(Češke / Češka)
Npfsi(Češko / Češka) Npfsl(Češki / Češka) Npfsn(Češka / =) Npmda(Čajkovska / Čajkovski) Npmdd(Čajkovskima/ Čajkovski) Npmdg(Čajkovskih / Čajkovski) Npmdi(Čajkovskima / Čajkovski) Npmdl(Čajkovskih /Čajkovski) Npmdn(Čajkovska / Čajkovski) Npmpa(Čajkovske / Čajkovski) Npmpd(Čajkovskim / Čajkovski)
Npmpg(Čajkovskih / Čajkovski) Npmpi(Čajkovskimi / Čajkovski) Npmpl(Čajkovskih / Čajkovski) Npmpn(Čajkovski/ =) Npmsa–n(Črnomelj / Črnomelj) Npmsa–y(Čajkovskega / Čajkovski) Npmsd(Čajkovskemu / Čajkovski)
Npmsg(Čajkovskega / Čajkovski) Npmsi(Čajkovskim / Čajkovski) Npmsl(Čajkovskem / Čajkovski) Npmsn(Čajkovski/ =) Npnsa(Škotsko / Škotsko) Npnsd(Škotskemu / Škotsko) Npnsg(Škotskega / Škotsko) Npnsi(Škotskim/ Škotsko) Npnsl(Škotskem / Škotsko) Npnsn(Škotsko / =)Verb (V) // Glagol (G)160

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene
13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---14Aspectprogressivepvid
nedovršnin!NEW in V2!
perfectiveedovršnid- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy !NEW in V3!
= ============================= ==== ============== ============== ====

161

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

162

Notes:• The verb ’to be’ / ’biti’ in all its functions is Type=c;• The ”past participle” is used for making all the compound active tenses (future, past,
pulperfect) and is encoded analytically as Type=participle, Tense=past, Voice=Active.

• The passive participles is encoded analytically as Type=participle, Tense=’-’, Voice=Passiv
This encoding will only be used for the passive participle in the predicative position, e.g.
’on je bil tepen’ / he was beaten. The case marked passive participles in the attributive
position (e.g. ’tepen pes’ / beaten dog) or those in non-nominative case (e.g. ’hrano imamskuhano’ / I have the food cooked[acc]) will be classified as (qualitative) adjectives.

• The adjectival (e.g. ’stokajoč’ / moaning) and adverbial (e.g. ’leže’ / lying down) participles are classified as adjectives and adverbs respectively.

• Negative is always marked as ’n’ except for two verbs: ’nočem’ / not to want, ’nisem’ /not to be

Combinations*** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- =======================PoS Type VFrm Tens Pers Numb Gend Voic Neg Examples*** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- =======================
V
c
n
biti
V
c
c
bi
V
c
m
p
1
[pd] bodimo, bodiva
V
c
m
p
2
[spd] bodi, bodite, bodita
Vcif [123] [spd] bom, boš, bo, bomo, bova,...
Vcip [123] [spd] - [ny] nisem, ..., sem, si, je, smo, ...
Vcps[spd][mfn] abil, bila, bili, ...
V
V
V
V
V
V

o
o
o
o
o
o

n
m
m
i
p
p

p
p
p
s
-

1
[pd] 2[spd] [123] [spd] - [ny][spd][mfn] a[spd][mfn] p-

hotetidovolimo, dovoliva
dovoli, dovolite, dovolita
nočem, ..., hočem, hočešsmel, smela, smeli,...
dovoljen, dovoljeni, ...

Vmndelati
V
m
u
delat
V
m
m
p
1
[pd] delajmo, delajva
V
m
m
p
2
[spd] delaj, delajte, delajtaVmip [123] [spd] - [ny] nimam, delam, delava, delamoVmp[spd][mfn] p
dovoljen, dovoljeni, ...
Vmps[spd][mfn] p
dovolil, dovolili, ...
*** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- =======================

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

163

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

Lexicon

9.5

128 MSDs:= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en ATT-sl
VAL-slC-sl= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====
1 Typequalificative f
vrsta
kakovostnikpossessivessvojilnisl.s. ordinalovrstniv- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---2 Degree
positivepstopnjaosnovnikocomparativecprimernikpsuperlativespresežniks!NEW!
elativeeelative- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---3 Gendermasculinemspolmoškim
femininefženskiz
neuternsrednjis- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---4 Number
singularsštevilo
edninaepluralpmnožinam
dual
ddvojinad- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---5 Casenominativensklon
imenovalnikigenitivegrodilnikrdativeddajalnikdaccusativeatožilniktlocativelmestnikm
instrumentaliorodniko* ***************************** **** ************** ************** ****
6 Definitenessnondoločnost
ne
n
yes
y
da
d
- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---8 Animatenonživost
ne
n
yes
y
da
d
- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---9 Formation- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person---------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=============================== =Vcc(bi / biti) Vcif1d(bova / biti) Vcif1p(bomo / biti) Vcif1s(bom / biti) Vcif2d(bosta / biti) Vcif2p(boste/ biti) Vcif2s(boš / biti) Vcif3d(bosta / biti) Vcif3p(bodo / biti) Vcif3s(bo / biti) Vcip1d–n(sva /biti) Vcip1d–y(nisva / biti) Vcip1p–n(smo / biti) Vcip1p–y(nismo / biti) Vcip1s–n(sem / biti) Vcip1s–y(nisem / biti) Vcip2d–n(sta / biti) Vcip2d–y(nista / biti) Vcip2p–n(ste / biti) Vcip2p–y(niste / biti)
Vcip2s–n(si / biti) Vcip2s–y(nisi / biti) Vcip3d–n(sta / biti) Vcip3d–y(nista / biti) Vcip3p–n(so / biti)
Vcip3p–y(niso / biti) Vcip3s–n(je / biti) Vcip3s–y(ni / biti) Vcmp1d(bodiva / biti) Vcmp1p(bodimo/ biti) Vcmp2d(bodita / biti) Vcmp2p(bodite / biti) Vcmp2s(bodi / biti) Vcn(biti / =) Vcps-dfa(bili/ biti) Vcps-dma(bila / biti) Vcps-dna(bili / biti) Vcps-pfa(bile / biti) Vcps-pma(bili / biti) Vcpspna(bila / biti) Vcps-sfa(bila / biti) Vcps-sma(bil / biti) Vcps-sna(bilo / biti) Vmip1d–n(čakava /čakati) Vmip1d–y(nimava / imeti) Vmip1p–n(čakamo / čakati) Vmip1p–y(nimamo / imeti) Vmip1s–n(čakam / čakati) Vmip1s–y(nimam / imeti) Vmip2d–n(čakata / čakati) Vmip2d–y(nimata / imeti)
Vmip2p–n(čakate / čakati) Vmip2p–y(nimate / imeti) Vmip2s–n(čakaš / čakati) Vmip2s–y(nimaš / imeti)
Vmip3d–n(čakata / čakati) Vmip3d–y(nimata / imeti) Vmip3p–n(čakajo / čakati) Vmip3p–y(nimajo /imeti) Vmip3s–n(čaka / čakati) Vmip3s–y(nima / imeti) Vmmp1d(čakajva / čakati) Vmmp1p(čakajmo /čakati) Vmmp2d(čakajta / čakati) Vmmp2p(čakajte / čakati) Vmmp2s(čakaj / čakati) Vmn(čakati / =)Vmp–dfp(čaščeni / častiti) Vmp–dmp(čaščena / častiti) Vmp–dnp(čaščeni / častiti) Vmp–pfp(čaščene/ častiti) Vmp–pmp(čaščeni / častiti) Vmp–pnp(čaščena / častiti) Vmp–sfp(čaščena / častiti) Vmp–
smp(čaščen / častiti) Vmp–snp(čaščeno / častiti) Vmps-dfa(čakali / čakati) Vmps-dma(čakala / čakati)
Vmps-dna(čakali / čakati) Vmps-pfa(čakale / čakati) Vmps-pma(čakali / čakati) Vmps-pna(čakala /čakati) Vmps-sfa(čakala / čakati) Vmps-sma(čakal / čakati) Vmps-sna(čakalo / čakati) Vmu(čakat /čakati) Voip1d–n(želiva / želeti) Voip1d–y(nočeva / hoteti) Voip1p–n(želimo / želeti) Voip1p–y(nočemo/ hoteti) Voip1s–n(želim / želeti) Voip1s–y(nočem / hoteti) Voip2d–n(želita / želeti) Voip2d–y(nočeta/ hoteti) Voip2p–n(želite / želeti) Voip2p–y(nočete / hoteti) Voip2s–n(želiš / želeti) Voip2s–y(nočeš /hoteti) Voip3d–n(želita / želeti) Voip3d–y(nočeta / hoteti) Voip3p–n(želijo / želeti) Voip3p–y(nočejo /hoteti) Voip3s–n(želi / želeti) Voip3s–y(noče / hoteti) Vomp1d(želiva / želeti) Vomp1p(želimo / želeti)
Vomp2d(želita / želeti) Vomp2p(želite / želeti) Vomp2s(želi / želeti) Von(želeti / =) Vop–dfp(želeni/ želeti) Vop–dmp(želena / želeti) Vop–dnp(želeni / želeti) Vop–pfp(želene / želeti) Vop–pmp(želeni/ želeti) Vop–pnp(želena / želeti) Vop–sfp(želena / želeti) Vop–smp(želen / želeti) Vop–snp(želeno /želeti) Vops-dfa(želeli / želeti) Vops-dma(želela / želeti) Vops-dna(želeli / želeti) Vops-pfa(želele / želeti)
Vops-pma(želeli / želeti) Vops-pna(želela / želeti) Vops-sfa(želela / želeti) Vops-sma(želel / želeti) Vopssna(želelo / želeti)

Notes:

Adjective (A) // Pridevnik (P)164

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

165• The three deverbative adjectival participles (part. -l, part -n / t, part. č) are also classified
as qualificative adjectives. e.g. ’otekel (obraz), premagan, (sovrag) govoreč (pes)’ aremarked Afpmsn.
• Definiteness (-i ending = yes, -0 = no) is marked only on the Adjective qualificative
positive masculine singular nominative (Afpmsn) and syncretic accusative (Afpmsa). The
uninflecting ’poceni’ has no definiteness.
• Animacy is marked only (-ega ending = yes, else = no) on the Adjective masculine singular accusative (A**msa*-[ny]). Afpmsa has three forms: no-Definiteness, +Animate;-Definiteness, -Animate; +Definiteness, -Animate. The uninflecting ’poceni’ has no animacy or definiteness.
• Some (26) adjectives have the additional ’archaic’ indefinite form also (-a- and -e-, both
weak and thus absent from all oblique forms): ’hladan’ in addition to ’hladen’ / cold, bothwith Afpmsnn (non-definite) and syncretic Afpmsan-n (non-definite, non-animate). This
could be encoded (but isn’t) in the Formation attribute.
These are the archaic Afpmsnn: šibak dolžan droban gnojan grenak hladan krasan krepak
krotak lahak mehak močan motan nemočan plehak prešibak premočan pretežak rosan
sladak strašan svetal težak teman tesan voljan

Combinations*** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ================================PoS Type Degr Gend Numb Case Def (Cltc)Anim Examples*** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ================================As
p [mfs][spd][ngdali] stričev, galjotove, ...
Aop [mfs][spd][ngdali] dlakocepski, slovenskega, ...
A
f
p
m
s
n
[ny]
lep, lepi
A
f
p
m
s
a
[ny]
n
lep, lepi
A
f
p
m
s
a
y
lepegaAfpms[gdli] lepega, lepemu, lepem, lepimAfpm [pd] [ngdali] lepi, lepih, ..., lepa, ...
Afp [fs][spd][ngdali] lepa, lepe, ..., lepo, ...
A
f[cs][mfs][spd][ngdali] lepši, lepšega,...,najlepši,...
*** **** **** **** **** **** ================================================

Lexicon279 MSDs:
Afcfda(čistejši / čist) Afcfdd(čistejšima / čist) Afcfdg(čistejših / čist) Afcfdi(čistejšima / čist) Afcfdl(čistejših/ čist) Afcfdn(čistejši / čist) Afcfpa(čistejše / čist) Afcfpd(čistejšim / čist) Afcfpg(čistejših / čist) Afcfpi(čistejšimi/ čist) Afcfpl(čistejših / čist) Afcfpn(čistejše / čist) Afcfsa(čistejšo / čist) Afcfsd(čistejši / čist) Afcfsg(čistejše/ čist) Afcfsi(čistejšo / čist) Afcfsl(čistejši / čist) Afcfsn(čistejša / čist) Afcmda(čistejša / čist) Afcmdd(čistejšima/ čist) Afcmdg(čistejših / čist) Afcmdi(čistejšima / čist) Afcmdl(čistejših / čist) Afcmdn(čistejša /čist) Afcmpa(čistejše / čist) Afcmpd(čistejšim / čist) Afcmpg(čistejših / čist) Afcmpi(čistejšimi / čist)

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene166

Afcmpl(čistejših / čist) Afcmpn(čistejši / čist) Afcmsa–n(čistejši / čist) Afcmsa–y(čistejšega / čist)
Afcmsd(čistejšemu / čist) Afcmsg(čistejšega / čist) Afcmsi(čistejšim / čist) Afcmsl(čistejšem / čist)
Afcmsn(čistejši / čist) Afcnda(čistejši / čist) Afcndd(čistejšima / čist) Afcndg(čistejših / čist) Afcndi(čistejšima / čist) Afcndl(čistejših / čist) Afcndn(čistejši / čist) Afcnpa(čistejša / čist) Afcnpd(čistejšim/ čist) Afcnpg(čistejših / čist) Afcnpi(čistejšimi / čist) Afcnpl(čistejših / čist) Afcnpn(čistejša / čist)
Afcnsa(čistejše / čist) Afcnsd(čistejšemu / čist) Afcnsg(čistejšega / čist) Afcnsi(čistejšim / čist) Afcnsl(čistejšem / čist) Afcnsn(čistejše / čist) Afpfda(čajni / čajen) Afpfdd(čajnima / čajen) Afpfdg(čajnih/ čajen) Afpfdi(čajnima / čajen) Afpfdl(čajnih / čajen) Afpfdn(čajni / čajen) Afpfpa(čajne / čajen) Afpfpd(čajnim / čajen) Afpfpg(čajnih / čajen) Afpfpi(čajnimi / čajen) Afpfpl(čajnih / čajen) Afpfpn(čajne/ čajen) Afpfsa(čajno / čajen) Afpfsd(čajni / čajen) Afpfsg(čajne / čajen) Afpfsi(čajno / čajen) Afpfsl(čajni / čajen) Afpfsn(čajna / čajen) Afpmda(čajna / čajen) Afpmdd(čajnima / čajen) Afpmdg(čajnih/ čajen) Afpmdi(čajnima / čajen) Afpmdl(čajnih / čajen) Afpmdn(čajna / čajen) Afpmpa(čajne / čajen)
Afpmpd(čajnim / čajen) Afpmpg(čajnih / čajen) Afpmpi(čajnimi / čajen) Afpmpl(čajnih / čajen) Afpmpn(čajni / čajen) Afpmsa(poceni / poceni) Afpmsa–y(čajnega / čajen) Afpmsan-n(čajen / čajen)
Afpmsay-n(čajni / čajen) Afpmsd(čajnemu / čajen) Afpmsg(čajnega / čajen) Afpmsi(čajnim / čajen)
Afpmsl(čajnem / čajen) Afpmsn(poceni / =) Afpmsnn(čajen / =) Afpmsny(čajni / čajen) Afpnda(čajni/ čajen) Afpndd(čajnima / čajen) Afpndg(čajnih / čajen) Afpndi(čajnima / čajen) Afpndl(čajnih /čajen) Afpndn(čajni / čajen) Afpnpa(čajna / čajen) Afpnpd(čajnim / čajen) Afpnpg(čajnih / čajen)
Afpnpi(čajnimi / čajen) Afpnpl(čajnih / čajen) Afpnpn(čajna / čajen) Afpnsa(čajno / čajen) Afpnsd(čajnemu / čajen) Afpnsg(čajnega / čajen) Afpnsi(čajnim / čajen) Afpnsl(čajnem / čajen) Afpnsn(čajno / čajen) Afsfda(najčistejši / čist) Afsfdd(najčistejšima / čist) Afsfdg(najčistejših / čist)
Afsfdi(najčistejšima / čist) Afsfdl(najčistejših / čist) Afsfdn(najčistejši / čist) Afsfpa(najčistejše / čist)
Afsfpd(najčistejšim / čist) Afsfpg(najčistejših / čist) Afsfpi(najčistejšimi / čist) Afsfpl(najčistejših /čist) Afsfpn(najčistejše / čist) Afsfsa(najčistejšo / čist) Afsfsd(najčistejši / čist) Afsfsg(najčistejše / čist)
Afsfsi(najčistejšo / čist) Afsfsl(najčistejši / čist) Afsfsn(najčistejša / čist) Afsmda(najčistejša / čist) Afsmdd(najčistejšima / čist) Afsmdg(najčistejših / čist) Afsmdi(najčistejšima / čist) Afsmdl(najčistejših /čist) Afsmdn(najčistejša / čist) Afsmpa(najčistejše / čist) Afsmpd(najčistejšim / čist) Afsmpg(najčistejših/ čist) Afsmpi(najčistejšimi / čist) Afsmpl(najčistejših / čist) Afsmpn(najčistejši / čist) Afsmsa–n(najčiste/ čist) Afsmsa–y(najčistejšega / čist) Afsmsd(najčistejšemu / čist) Afsmsg(najčistejšega / čist) Afsmsi(najčistejšim / čist) Afsmsl(najčistejšem / čist) Afsmsn(najčistejši / čist) Afsnda(najčistejši / čist)
Afsndd(najčistejšima / čist) Afsndg(najčistejših / čist) Afsndi(najčistejšima / čist) Afsndl(najčistejših /čist) Afsndn(najčistejši / čist) Afsnpa(najčistejša / čist) Afsnpd(najčistejšim / čist) Afsnpg(najčistejših/ čist) Afsnpi(najčistejšimi / čist) Afsnpl(najčistejših / čist) Afsnpn(najčistejša / čist) Afsnsa(najčistejše /čist) Afsnsd(najčistejšemu / čist) Afsnsg(najčistejšega / čist) Afsnsi(najčistejšim / čist) Afsnsl(najčistejšem/ čist) Afsnsn(najčistejše / čist) Aopfda(čarovniški / čarovniški) Aopfdd(čarovniškima / čarovniški)
Aopfdg(čarovniških / čarovniški) Aopfdi(čarovniškima / čarovniški) Aopfdl(čarovniških / čarovniški)
Aopfdn(čarovniški / čarovniški) Aopfpa(čarovniške / čarovniški) Aopfpd(čarovniškim / čarovniški) Aopfpg/ čarovniški) Aopfpi(čarovniškimi / čarovniški) Aopfpl(čarovniških / čarovniški) Aopfpn(čarovniške /čarovniški) Aopfsa(čarovniško / čarovniški) Aopfsd(čarovniški / čarovniški) Aopfsg(čarovniške / čarovnišk
Aopfsi(čarovniško / čarovniški) Aopfsl(čarovniški / čarovniški) Aopfsn(čarovniška / čarovniški) Aopmda(čarovniška / čarovniški) Aopmdd(čarovniškima / čarovniški) Aopmdg(čarovniških / čarovniški)
Aopmdi(čarovniškima / čarovniški) Aopmdl(čarovniških / čarovniški) Aopmdn(čarovniška / čarovniški)
Aopmpa(čarovniške / čarovniški) Aopmpd(čarovniškim / čarovniški) Aopmpg(čarovniških / čarovniški)
Aopmpi(čarovniškimi / čarovniški) Aopmpl(čarovniških / čarovniški) Aopmpn(čarovniški / čarovniški)
Aopmsa–n(čarovniški / čarovniški) Aopmsa–y(čarovniškega / čarovniški) Aopmsd(čarovniškemu / čarovni
Aopmsg(čarovniškega / čarovniški) Aopmsi(čarovniškim / čarovniški) Aopmsl(čarovniškem / čarovniški)

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

167

Aopmsn(čarovniški / =) Aopnda(čarovniški / čarovniški) Aopndd(čarovniškima / čarovniški) Aopndg(čarovniških/ čarovniški) Aopndi(čarovniškima / čarovniški) Aopndl(čarovniških / čarovniški) Aopndn(čarovniški /čarovniški) Aopnpa(čarovniška / čarovniški) Aopnpd(čarovniškim / čarovniški) Aopnpg(čarovniških /čarovniški) Aopnpi(čarovniškimi / čarovniški) Aopnpl(čarovniških / čarovniški) Aopnpn(čarovniška /čarovniški) Aopnsa(čarovniško / čarovniški) Aopnsd(čarovniškemu / čarovniški) Aopnsg(čarovniškega/ čarovniški) Aopnsi(čarovniškim / čarovniški) Aopnsl(čarovniškem / čarovniški) Aopnsn(čarovniško /čarovniški) Aspfda(Šeligovi / Šeligov) Aspfdd(Šeligovima / Šeligov) Aspfdg(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspfdi(Šeligovima/ Šeligov) Aspfdl(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspfdn(Šeligovi / Šeligov) Aspfpa(Šeligove / Šeligov) Aspfpd(Šeligovim/ Šeligov) Aspfpg(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspfpi(Šeligovimi / Šeligov) Aspfpl(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspfpn(Šeligove/ Šeligov) Aspfsa(Šeligovo / Šeligov) Aspfsd(Šeligovi / Šeligov) Aspfsg(Šeligove / Šeligov) Aspfsi(Šeligovo/ Šeligov) Aspfsl(Šeligovi / Šeligov) Aspfsn(Šeligova / Šeligov) Aspmda(Šeligova / Šeligov) Aspmdd(Šeligovima/ Šeligov) Aspmdg(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspmdi(Šeligovima / Šeligov) Aspmdl(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspmdn(Šeligova / Šeligov) Aspmpa(Šeligove / Šeligov) Aspmpd(Šeligovim / Šeligov) Aspmpg(Šeligovih /Šeligov) Aspmpi(Šeligovimi / Šeligov) Aspmpl(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspmpn(Šeligovi / Šeligov) Aspmsa–n(Šeligov / Šeligov) Aspmsa–y(Šeligovega / Šeligov) Aspmsd(Šeligovemu / Šeligov) Aspmsg(Šeligovega /Šeligov) Aspmsi(Šeligovim / Šeligov) Aspmsl(Šeligovem / Šeligov) Aspmsn(Šeligov / =) Aspnda(Šeligovi/ Šeligov) Aspndd(Šeligovima / Šeligov) Aspndg(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspndi(Šeligovima / Šeligov) Aspndl(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspndn(Šeligovi / Šeligov) Aspnpa(Šeligova / Šeligov) Aspnpd(Šeligovim /Šeligov) Aspnpg(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspnpi(Šeligovimi / Šeligov) Aspnpl(Šeligovih / Šeligov) Aspnpn(Šeligova / Šeligov) Aspnsa(Šeligovo / Šeligov) Aspnsd(Šeligovemu / Šeligov) Aspnsg(Šeligovega /Šeligov) Aspnsi(Šeligovim / Šeligov) Aspnsl(Šeligovem / Šeligov) Aspnsn(Šeligovo / Šeligov)

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

9.6

168

Adverb (R) // Prislov (R)= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en ATT-sl
VAL-slC-sl= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====
1 Typegeneralgvrsta
splošnis- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---2 Degree
positivepstopnjaosnovnikocomparativecprimernikpsuperlativespresežnikr!NEW!
elativeeelative******************************* **** ************** ************** ****
3 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 4 Number- -------------- -------------- 5 Person=================================

Notes:• The adverbial (e.g. part -e: ’leže’ / lying down) participles are classified as adverbs.

• Some pronouns can also have an adverbial function. This issue has not been considered
here.

Combinations*** **** **** ==============================================================PoS Type Degr Examples*** **** **** ==============================================================
Rgp bljuvajeRgc kasnejeRgs najprijazneje
R
g
e ???
*** **** **** ==============================================================

Lexicon
3 MSDs:Rgc(čistejše / čist) Rgp(Šeligovo / Šeligov) Rgs(najčistejše / čist)

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

9.7

Pronoun (P) // Zaimek (Z)= ============== ============== ==== ============== ================== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en ATT-sl
VAL-slC-sl= ============== ============== ==== ============== ================== ====
1 Typepersonalpvrsta
osebniodemonstrative dkazalnik
indefinitei
nedoločnostninpossessivessvojilnisinterrogative q
vprašalniv
relativeroziralnostnizreflexivex
povratnipnegativeznikalnilgeneralgcelostnic- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---2 Person
first
1
oseba
prva
1
second
2
druga
2
third
3
tretja3- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---3 Gendermasculinemspolmoškim
femininefženskiz
neuternsrednjis- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---4 Number
singularsštevilo
edninaepluralpmnožinam
dual
ddvojinad- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---5 Casenominativensklon
imenovalnikigenitivegrodilnikrdativeddajalnikdaccusativeatožilniktlocativelmestnikm
instrumentaliorodniko- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---6 Owner_Number
singularsšt_svojine
edninaepluralpmnožinam
dual
ddvojinad- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---7 Owner_Gendermasculinem
sp_svojine
moškim
femininefženskiz
neuternsrednjis******************************* **** ************** ****************** ****
8 Cliticnonnaslonka
ne
n
yes
y
da
d
!NEW!
bound
b
naveznaz- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ----

169

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

170

9 Referent_Type

personalpnanašanje
osebniopossessivessvojilnis- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---10Syntactic_Type nominalnsklad_vloga
samostalniškisadjectivalapridevniškip!NEW!
adverbialrprislovnir- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---11Definiteness- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---12Animatenonživost
ne
n
yes
y
da
d
- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Pronoun_Form- -------------- -------------- 15Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 16Owned_Number=================================
Notes:• The Type taxonomy for pronouns is different from the one of Slovene grammars. Mostly Sl.
grammar classes were merged. In particular, the indefinite and relative types contain manyof pronoun types from Slovene grammars: (nedoločnostni = nedoločni + poljubnostni +mnogostni + istostni + drugostni) (oziralnostni = oziralni + oziralno poljubnostni)• Type=relative includes so called ’relative general’ (oziralno poljubnostni) pronouns. They
can consist of two words, where the second is ’koli’. Variant spelling exists: ’kolikorkoli’,’kolikor koli’. Possible solution: they can be treated as compounds.

• Type=reflexive ecompasses all reflexive pronouns (sebe, se, sebi, si, svoj) as well as ’se’
and ’si’ in all their roles. Personal and possessive reflexives are further distinguished via
the Referent Type attribute. ’se’ and ’si’ in their roles as an obligatory but dislocatedconstituent’ of reflexive verbs have the unique MSD Px——y. ’se’ can also appear as asuffix: e.g. ’zase’ / for oneself with variant spelling ’za se’.

• Owner Gender is relevant only for third person singular possessive pronouns, and distinguishes only masculine and feminine forms. It will be ’-’ in all other cases.

• As in Slovene grammars, pronouns are distinguished between having a nominal and adjectival function. All pronoun types except demonstrative and possessive can be nominal,
and all except personal can be adjectival. However, the distinction is often hard to makein practice.

• Referent Type is used to distinguish personal reflexives (which include ’se’ in all its functions) from the possesive reflexives (’svoj’).

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

171• Animacy is marked only on the masculine singular accusative (P..msa) of non-personal
Pronouns. The P..msa ending with -ega ending is +Animate, the other -Animate, cf.
Nouns and Adjectives.

172

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

Combinations*** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** --- --- --- --- --- ================PoS Type Pers Gend Numb Case PosN PosG Clc Ref Syn Def Ani Examples*** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** --- --- --- --- --- ================Pxy- se, siPx
- [gdali]ypn- se, si,...
Px- [gdali]npn- sebe,sebi,...
P
P
P
P

x
x
x
x

-

m
s
a
m
s [ngdli]m [pd][ngdali][fn][spd][ngdali]-

-

-

s
s
s
s

a
a
a
a

- [ny] svoj, svojega- svoj, svojega,...
- svoji, svoja,...
- svoja, svoje,...

P

p

[123]

-

[ny]

-

a

-

P
P
P

s
s
s

[12][mfn][spd][ngdali][spd][3][mfn][spd][ngdali]s [mfn][3][mfn][spd][ngdali][pd] -

-

-

a
a
a

- [ny] moj, vajinima, ...
- [ny] njegov, njen, njegova- [ny] njihova, njuna, ...

P
P

d
d

- [mfn][spd][ngdali]---a- [an]- le-tega, onega, ...
- [ny] le-ta, le-tega, onega

P
P
P

i
i
i

- [ngdali]- [mfn][spd][ngdali]-

-

-

a
n
- [an]- koliko, čigar- kaj, marsikaj, ...
- [ny] en, tegale, drug, ...

P
P
P

q
q
q

- [ngdali]- [mfn][spd][ngdali]-

-

-

-

a
n
a

- koliko- kaj, česa, kdo, ...
- [ny] kakšen, kateri, ...

P
P
P

r
r
r

- [ngdali]- [mfn][spd][ngdali]-

-

-

-

a
n
a

- kolikor, čigar- kar, česar, kdorkoli,- [ny] kakršen, kateri

P
P
P

z
z
z

- [gdali] - [mfn][spd][ngdali]-

-

-

-

a
n
a

- nič, nikogar, noben- nikogar, nikomur, ...
- [ny] nikakršen, noben- [spd][ngdali]--njega, ga, jih, ...

Pga- vsakogar
Pg- [ngdali] n- vsakdo, vsakogar, ...
Pg- [mfn][spd][ngdali] - [an] - [ny] ves, vsega, vsa, vsak*** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** --- --- --- --- --- ================

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

173

Lexicon

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene174/ ves) Pg-msa—-n-y(vsega / ves) Pg-msd—-a(vsakemu / vsak) Pg-msd—-n(vsemu / ves) Pg-msg—-a(vsakega /vsak) Pg-msg—-n(vsega / ves) Pg-msi—-a(vsakim / vsak) Pg-msi—-n(vsem / ves) Pg-msl—-a(vsakem / vsak)

1335 MSDs:

Pg-msl—-n(vsem / ves) Pg-msn—-a(ves / =) Pg-msn—-n(ves / =) Pg-nda—-a(obe / oba) Pg-nda—-n(obe / oba)

Pd——–a(le-onega / =) Pd-fda—-a(le-oni / le-oni) Pd-fda—-n(le-te / le-ta) Pd-fdd—-a(le-onima / le-oni) Pd-

Pg-ndd—-a(obema / oba) Pg-ndd—-n(obema / oba) Pg-ndg—-a(obeh / oba) Pg-ndg—-n(obeh / oba) Pg-ndi—

fdd—-n(le-tema / le-ta) Pd-fdg—-a(le-onih / le-oni) Pd-fdg—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-fdi—-a(le-onima / le-oni) Pd--a(obema / oba) Pg-ndi—-n(obema / oba) Pg-ndl—-a(obeh / oba) Pg-ndl—-n(obeh / oba) Pg-ndn—-a(obe /

fdi—-n(le-tema / le-ta) Pd-fdl—-a(le-onih / le-oni) Pd-fdl—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-fdn—-a(le-oni / le-oni) Pd-fdn—-oba) Pg-ndn—-n(obe / oba) Pg-npa—-a(vsa / ves) Pg-npa—-n(vsa / ves) Pg-npd—-a(vsakim / vsak) Pg-npd—n(le-te / le-ta) Pd-fpa—-a(le-one / le-oni) Pd-fpa—-n(le-te / le-ta) Pd-fpd—-a(le-onim / le-oni) Pd-fpd—-n(le-tem-n(vsem / ves) Pg-npg—-a(vsakih / vsak) Pg-npg—-n(vseh / ves) Pg-npi—-a(vsakimi / vsak) Pg-npi—-n(vsemi/ le-ta) Pd-fpg—-a(le-onih / le-oni) Pd-fpg—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-fpi—-a(le-onimi / le-oni) Pd-fpi—-n(le-temi // ves) Pg-npl—-a(vsakih / vsak) Pg-npl—-n(vseh / ves) Pg-npn—-a(vsa / ves) Pg-npn—-n(vsa / ves) Pg-nsa—-

le-ta) Pd-fpl—-a(le-onih / le-oni) Pd-fpl—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-fpn—-a(le-one / le-oni) Pd-fpn—-n(le-te / le-ta)

a(vsako / vsak) Pg-nsa—-n(vse / ves) Pg-nsd—-a(vsakemu / vsak) Pg-nsd—-n(vsemu / ves) Pg-nsg—-a(vsakega

Pd-fsa—-a(le-ono / le-oni) Pd-fsa—-n(le-to / le-ta) Pd-fsd—-a(le-oni / le-oni) Pd-fsd—-n(le-tej / le-ta) Pd-fsg—/ vsak) Pg-nsg—-n(vsega / ves) Pg-nsi—-a(vsakim / vsak) Pg-nsi—-n(vsem / ves) Pg-nsl—-a(vsakem / vsak) Pgnsl—-n(vsem / ves) Pg-nsn—-a(vsako / vsak) Pg-nsn—-n(vse / ves) Pi——–a(drugega / =) Pi—a—-n(kaj / kaj)-a(le-one / le-oni) Pd-fsg—-n(le-te / le-ta) Pd-fsi—-a(le-ono / le-oni) Pd-fsi—-n(le-to / le-ta) Pd-fsl—-a(le-oni /le-oni) Pd-fsl—-n(le-tej / le-ta) Pd-fsn—-a(le-ona / le-oni) Pd-fsn—-n(le-ta / le-ta) Pd-mda—-a(le-ona / le-oni)
Pd-mda—-n(le-ta / le-ta) Pd-mdd—-a(le-onima / le-oni) Pd-mdd—-n(le-tema / le-ta) Pd-mdg—-a(le-onih / le-Pi—d—-n(čemu / kaj) Pi—g—-n(česa / kaj) Pi—i—-n(čim / kaj) Pi—l—-n(čem / kaj) Pi—n—-n(kaj / =) Pi-

fda—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pi-fda—-n(drugi / drug) Pi-fdd—-a(čigavima / čigav) Pi-fdd—-n(drugima / drug) Pi-fdg—oni) Pd-mdg—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-mdi—-a(le-onima / le-oni) Pd-mdi—-n(le-tema / le-ta) Pd-mdl—-a(le-onih-a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-fdg—-n(drugih / drug) Pi-fdi—-a(čigavima / čigav) Pi-fdi—-n(drugima / drug) Pi-fdl—-/ le-oni) Pd-mdl—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-mdn—-a(le-ona / le-oni) Pd-mdn—-n(le-ta / le-ta) Pd-mpa—-a(le-one /a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-fdl—-n(drugih / drug) Pi-fdn—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pi-fdn—-n(drugi / drug) Pi-fpa—-a(čigave

le-oni) Pd-mpa—-n(le-te / le-ta) Pd-mpd—-a(le-onim / le-oni) Pd-mpd—-n(le-tem / le-ta) Pd-mpg—-a(le-onih // čigav) Pi-fpa—-n(druge / drug) Pi-fpd—-a(čigavim / čigav) Pi-fpd—-n(drugim / drug) Pi-fpg—-a(čigavih /le-oni) Pd-mpg—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-mpi—-a(le-onimi / le-oni) Pd-mpi—-n(le-temi / le-ta) Pd-mpl—-a(le-onihčigav) Pi-fpg—-n(drugih / drug) Pi-fpi—-a(čigavimi / čigav) Pi-fpi—-n(drugimi / drug) Pi-fpl—-a(čigavih / čigav)/ le-oni) Pd-mpl—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-mpn—-a(le-oni / le-oni) Pd-mpn—-n(le-ti / le-ta) Pd-msa—-a-n(le-oni /Pi-fpl—-n(drugih / drug) Pi-fpn—-a(čigave / čigav) Pi-fpn—-n(druge / drug) Pi-fsa—-a(čigavo / čigav) Pi-fsa—

le-oni) Pd-msa—-a-y(le-onega / le-oni) Pd-msa—-n-n(le-ta / le-ta) Pd-msa—-n-y(le-tega / le-ta) Pd-msd—-a(le--n(drugo / drug) Pi-fsd—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pi-fsd—-n(drugi / drug) Pi-fsg—-a(čigave / čigav) Pi-fsg—-n(druge

onemu / le-oni) Pd-msd—-n(le-temu / le-ta) Pd-msg—-a(le-onega / le-oni) Pd-msg—-n(le-tega / le-ta) Pd-msi—/ drug) Pi-fsi—-a(čigavo / čigav) Pi-fsi—-n(drugo / drug) Pi-fsl—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pi-fsl—-n(drugi / drug)-a(le-onim / le-oni) Pd-msi—-n(le-tem / le-ta) Pd-msl—-a(le-onem / le-oni) Pd-msl—-n(le-tem / le-ta) Pd-msn—

Pi-fsn—-a(čigava / čigav) Pi-fsn—-n(druga / drug) Pi-mda—-a(čigava / čigav) Pi-mda—-n(druga / drug) Pimdd—-a(čigavima / čigav) Pi-mdd—-n(drugima / drug) Pi-mdg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-mdg—-n(drugih / drug)-a(le-oni / =) Pd-msn—-n(le-ta / =) Pd-nda—-a(le-oni / le-oni) Pd-nda—-n(le-te / le-ta) Pd-ndd—-a(le-onima /le-oni) Pd-ndd—-n(le-tema / le-ta) Pd-ndg—-a(le-onih / le-oni) Pd-ndg—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-ndi—-a(le-onima/ le-oni) Pd-ndi—-n(le-tema / le-ta) Pd-ndl—-a(le-onih / le-oni) Pd-ndl—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-ndn—-a(le-oni

Pi-mdi—-a(čigavima / čigav) Pi-mdi—-n(drugima / drug) Pi-mdl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-mdl—-n(drugih / drug)

Pi-mdn—-a(čigava / čigav) Pi-mdn—-n(druga / drug) Pi-mpa—-a(čigave / čigav) Pi-mpa—-n(druge / drug) Pi-/ le-oni) Pd-ndn—-n(le-te / le-ta) Pd-npa—-a(le-ona / le-oni) Pd-npa—-n(le-ta / le-ta) Pd-npd—-a(le-onim /mpd—-a(čigavim / čigav) Pi-mpd—-n(drugim / drug) Pi-mpg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-mpg—-n(drugih / drug)

le-oni) Pd-npd—-n(le-tem / le-ta) Pd-npg—-a(le-onih / le-oni) Pd-npg—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-npi—-a(le-onimi /Pi-mpi—-a(čigavimi / čigav) Pi-mpi—-n(drugimi / drug) Pi-mpl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-mpl—-n(drugih / drug)

le-oni) Pd-npi—-n(le-temi / le-ta) Pd-npl—-a(le-onih / le-oni) Pd-npl—-n(le-teh / le-ta) Pd-npn—-a(le-ona / le-Pi-mpn—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pi-mpn—-n(drugi / drug) Pi-msa—-a-n(čigav / čigav) Pi-msa—-a-y(čigavega / čigav)oni) Pd-npn—-n(le-ta / le-ta) Pd-nsa—-a(le-ono / le-oni) Pd-nsa—-n(le-to / le-ta) Pd-nsd—-a(le-onemu / le-oni)

Pi-msa—-n-n(drug / drug) Pi-msa—-n-y(drugega / drug) Pi-msd—-a(čigavemu / čigav) Pi-msd—-n(drugemu /Pd-nsd—-n(le-temu / le-ta) Pd-nsg—-a(le-onega / le-oni) Pd-nsg—-n(le-tega / le-ta) Pd-nsi—-a(le-onim / le-oni)drug) Pi-msg—-a(čigavega / čigav) Pi-msg—-n(drugega / drug) Pi-msi—-a(čigavim / čigav) Pi-msi—-n(drugim

Pd-nsi—-n(le-tem / le-ta) Pd-nsl—-a(le-onem / le-oni) Pd-nsl—-n(le-tem / le-ta) Pd-nsn—-a(le-ono / le-oni)/ drug) Pi-msl—-a(čigavem / čigav) Pi-msl—-n(drugem / drug) Pi-msn—-a(čigav / =) Pi-msn—-n(drug / =)Pd-nsn—-n(le-to / le-ta) Pg——–a(vsakogar / =) Pg—a—-n(vsakogar / vsakdo) Pg—d—-n(vsakomur / vsakdo)

Pi-nda—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pi-nda—-n(drugi / drug) Pi-ndd—-a(čigavima / čigav) Pi-ndd—-n(drugima / drug)

Pg—g—-n(vsakogar / vsakdo) Pg—i—-n(vsakomer / vsakdo) Pg—l—-n(vsakomer / vsakdo) Pg—n—-n(vsakdo

Pi-ndg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-ndg—-n(drugih / drug) Pi-ndi—-a(čigavima / čigav) Pi-ndi—-n(drugima / drug)
Pi-ndl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-ndl—-n(drugih / drug) Pi-ndn—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pi-ndn—-n(drugi / drug) Pi-/ =) Pg-fda—-a(obe / oba) Pg-fda—-n(obe / oba) Pg-fdd—-a(obema / oba) Pg-fdd—-n(obema / oba) Pg-fdg—-a(obeh / oba) Pg-fdg—-n(obeh / oba) Pg-fdi—-a(obema / oba) Pg-fdi—-n(obema / oba) Pg-fdl—-a(obeh /npa—-a(čigava / čigav) Pi-npa—-n(druga / drug) Pi-npd—-a(čigavim / čigav) Pi-npd—-n(drugim / drug) Pi-oba) Pg-fdl—-n(obeh / oba) Pg-fdn—-a(obe / oba) Pg-fdn—-n(obe / oba) Pg-fpa—-a(vsake / vsak) Pg-fpa—-

npg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-npg—-n(drugih / drug) Pi-npi—-a(čigavimi / čigav) Pi-npi—-n(drugimi / drug)n(vse / ves) Pg-fpd—-a(vsakim / vsak) Pg-fpd—-n(vsem / ves) Pg-fpg—-a(vsakih / vsak) Pg-fpg—-n(vseh / ves)

Pi-npl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pi-npl—-n(drugih / drug) Pi-npn—-a(čigava / čigav) Pi-npn—-n(druga / drug) Pi-

Pg-fpi—-a(vsakimi / vsak) Pg-fpi—-n(vsemi / ves) Pg-fpl—-a(vsakih / vsak) Pg-fpl—-n(vseh / ves) Pg-fpn—-nsa—-a(čigavo / čigav) Pi-nsa—-n(drugo / drug) Pi-nsd—-a(čigavemu / čigav) Pi-nsd—-n(drugemu / drug)a(vsake / vsak) Pg-fpn—-n(vse / ves) Pg-fsa—-a(vsako / vsak) Pg-fsa—-n(vso / ves) Pg-fsd—-a(vsaki / vsak)

Pi-nsg—-a(čigavega / čigav) Pi-nsg—-n(drugega / drug) Pi-nsi—-a(čigavim / čigav) Pi-nsi—-n(drugim / drug)Pg-fsd—-n(vsej / ves) Pg-fsg—-a(vsake / vsak) Pg-fsg—-n(vse / ves) Pg-fsi—-a(vsako / vsak) Pg-fsi—-n(vso /Pi-nsl—-a(čigavem / čigav) Pi-nsl—-n(drugem / drug) Pi-nsn—-a(čigavo / čigav) Pi-nsn—-n(drugo / drug) Pp1-

ves) Pg-fsl—-a(vsaki / vsak) Pg-fsl—-n(vsej / ves) Pg-fsn—-a(vsa / ves) Pg-fsn—-n(vsa / ves) Pg-mda—-a(obada–n-n(naju / jaz) Pp1-da–y-n(naju / jaz) Pp1-dd–n-n(nama / jaz) Pp1-dd–y-n(nama / jaz) Pp1-dg–n-n(naju/ oba) Pg-mda—-n(oba / oba) Pg-mdd—-a(obema / oba) Pg-mdd—-n(obema / oba) Pg-mdg—-a(obeh / oba)

/ jaz) Pp1-dg–y-n(naju / jaz) Pp1-di–n-n(nama / jaz) Pp1-dl–n-n(naju / jaz) Pp1-dn–n-n(midva / jaz) Pp1-

Pg-mdg—-n(obeh / oba) Pg-mdi—-a(obema / oba) Pg-mdi—-n(obema / oba) Pg-mdl—-a(obeh / oba) Pg-mdl—

pa–n-n(nas / jaz) Pp1-pa–y-n(nas / jaz) Pp1-pd–n-n(nam / jaz) Pp1-pd–y-n(nam / jaz) Pp1-pg–n-n(nas / jaz)-n(obeh / oba) Pg-mdn—-a(oba / oba) Pg-mdn—-n(oba / oba) Pg-mpa—-a(vsake / vsak) Pg-mpa—-n(vse / ves)

Pp1-pg–y-n(nas / jaz) Pp1-pi–n-n(nami / jaz) Pp1-pl–n-n(nas / jaz) Pp1-pn–n-n(mi / jaz) Pp1-sa–n-n(mene /jaz) Pp1-sa–y-n(me / jaz) Pp1-sd–n-n(meni / jaz) Pp1-sd–y-n(mi / jaz) Pp1-sg–n-n(mene / jaz) Pp1-sg–y-n(me /Pg-mpd—-a(vsakim / vsak) Pg-mpd—-n(vsem / ves) Pg-mpg—-a(vsakih / vsak) Pg-mpg—-n(vseh / ves) Pgmpi—-a(vsakimi / vsak) Pg-mpi—-n(vsemi / ves) Pg-mpl—-a(vsakih / vsak) Pg-mpl—-n(vseh / ves) Pg-mpn—-jaz) Pp1-si–n-n(mano / jaz) Pp1-sl–n-n(meni / jaz) Pp1-sn–n-n(jaz / =) Pp2-da–n-n(vaju / ti) Pp2-da–y-n(vaju /a(vsaki / vsak) Pg-mpn—-n(vsi / ves) Pg-msa—-a-n(ves / ves) Pg-msa—-a-y(vsakega / vsak) Pg-msa—-n-n(vesti) Pp2-dd–n-n(vama / ti) Pp2-dd–y-n(vama / ti) Pp2-dg–n-n(vaju / ti) Pp2-dg–y-n(vaju / ti) Pp2-di–n-n(vamaMULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

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MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene176/ ti) Pp2-dl–n-n(vaju / ti) Pp2-dn–n-n(vidva / ti) Pp2-pa–n-n(vas / ti) Pp2-pa–y-n(vas / ti) Pp2-pd–n-n(vam /a(kakršni / kakršen) Pr-msa—-a-n(kakršen / kakršen) Pr-msa—-a-y(kakršnega / kakršen) Pr-msd—-a(kakršnemuti) Pp2-pd–y-n(vam / ti) Pp2-pg–n-n(vas / ti) Pp2-pg–y-n(vas / ti) Pp2-pi–n-n(vami / ti) Pp2-pl–n-n(vas / ti)/ kakršen) Pr-msg—-a(kakršnega / kakršen) Pr-msi—-a(kakršnim / kakršen) Pr-msl—-a(kakršnem / kakršen)Pp2-pn–n-n(vi / ti) Pp2-sa–n-n(tebe / ti) Pp2-sa–y-n(te / ti) Pp2-sd–n-n(tebi / ti) Pp2-sd–y-n(ti / ti) Pp2-sg–n-Pr-msn—-a(kakršen / =) Pr-nda—-a(kakršni / kakršen) Pr-ndd—-a(kakršnima / kakršen) Pr-ndg—-a(kakršnihn(tebe / ti) Pp2-sg–y-n(te / ti) Pp2-si–n-n(tabo / ti) Pp2-sl–n-n(tebi / ti) Pp2-sn–n-n(ti / =) Pp3fda–n-n(njiju // kakršen) Pr-ndi—-a(kakršnima / kakršen) Pr-ndl—-a(kakršnih / kakršen) Pr-ndn—-a(kakršni / kakršen) Pr-on) Pp3fda–y-n(jih / on) Pp3fdd–n-n(njima / on) Pp3fdd–y-n(jima / on) Pp3fdg–n-n(njiju / on) Pp3fdg–y-n(jih /npa—-a(kakršna / kakršen) Pr-npd—-a(kakršnim / kakršen) Pr-npg—-a(kakršnih / kakršen) Pr-npi—-a(kakršnimion) Pp3fdi–n-n(njima / on) Pp3fdl–n-n(njiju / on) Pp3fdn–n-n(onedve / on) Pp3fpa–n-n(nje / on) Pp3fpa–y-n(jih/ kakršen) Pr-npl—-a(kakršnih / kakršen) Pr-npn—-a(kakršna / kakršen) Pr-nsa—-a(kakršno / kakršen) Pr-nsd—/ on) Pp3fpd–n-n(njim / on) Pp3fpd–y-n(jim / on) Pp3fpg–n-n(njih / on) Pp3fpg–y-n(jih / on) Pp3fpi–n-n(njimi-a(kakršnemu / kakršen) Pr-nsg—-a(kakršnega / kakršen) Pr-nsi—-a(kakršnim / kakršen) Pr-nsl—-a(kakršnem/ on) Pp3fpl–n-n(njih / on) Pp3fpn–n-n(one / on) Pp3fsa–n-n(njo / on) Pp3fsa–y-n(jo / on) Pp3fsd–n-n(njej/ kakršen) Pr-nsn—-a(kakršno / kakršen) Ps1fdad—a(najini / najin) Ps1fdap—a(naši / naš) Ps1fdas—a(moji // on) Pp3fsd–y-n(ji / on) Pp3fsg–n-n(nje / on) Pp3fsg–y-n(je / on) Pp3fsi–n-n(njo / on) Pp3fsl–n-n(njej / on)moj) Ps1fddd—a(najinima / najin) Ps1fddp—a(našima / naš) Ps1fdds—a(mojima / moj) Ps1fdgd—a(najinih

Pp3fsn–n-n(ona / on) Pp3mda–n-n(njiju / on) Pp3mda–y-n(jih / on) Pp3mdd–n-n(njima / on) Pp3mdd–y-n(jima/ on) Pp3mdg–n-n(njih / on) Pp3mdg–y-n(jih / on) Pp3mdi–n-n(njima / on) Pp3mdl–n-n(njiju / on) Pp3mdn–/ najin) Ps1fdgp—a(naših / naš) Ps1fdgs—a(mojih / moj) Ps1fdid—a(najinima / najin) Ps1fdip—a(našima/ naš) Ps1fdis—a(mojima / moj) Ps1fdld—a(najinih / najin) Ps1fdlp—a(naših / naš) Ps1fdls—a(mojih / moj)n-n(onadva / on) Pp3mpa–n-n(nje / on) Pp3mpa–y-n(jih / on) Pp3mpd–n-n(njim / on) Pp3mpd–y-n(jim /Ps1fdnd—a(najini / najin) Ps1fdnp—a(naši / naš) Ps1fdns—a(moji / moj) Ps1fpad—a(najine / najin) Ps1fpap—on) Pp3mpg–n-n(njih / on) Pp3mpg–y-n(jih / on) Pp3mpi–n-n(njimi / on) Pp3mpl–n-n(njih / on) Pp3mpn–a(naše / naš) Ps1fpas—a(moje / moj) Ps1fpdd—a(najinim / najin) Ps1fpdp—a(našim / naš) Ps1fpds—a(mojimn-n(oni / on) Pp3msa–n-n(njega / on) Pp3msa–y-n(ga / on) Pp3msd–n-n(njemu / on) Pp3msd–y-n(mu / on)/ moj) Ps1fpgd—a(najinih / najin) Ps1fpgp—a(naših / naš) Ps1fpgs—a(mojih / moj) Ps1fpid—a(najinimi /Pp3msg–n-n(njega / on) Pp3msg–y-n(ga / on) Pp3msi–n-n(njim / on) Pp3msl–n-n(njem / on) Pp3msn–n-n(onnajin) Ps1fpip—a(našimi / naš) Ps1fpis—a(mojimi / moj) Ps1fpld—a(najinih / najin) Ps1fplp—a(naših / naš)/ =) Pp3nda–n-n(njiju / on) Pp3nda–y-n(jih / on) Pp3ndd–n-n(njima / on) Pp3ndd–y-n(jima / on) Pp3ndg–n-

Ps1fpls—a(mojih / moj) Ps1fpnd—a(najine / najin) Ps1fpnp—a(naše / naš) Ps1fpns—a(moje / moj) Ps1fsad—n(njiju / on) Pp3ndg–y-n(jih / on) Pp3ndi–n-n(njima / on) Pp3ndl–n-n(njiju / on) Pp3ndn–n-n(onedve / on)a(najino / najin) Ps1fsap—a(našo / naš) Ps1fsas—a(mojo / moj) Ps1fsdd—a(najini / najin) Ps1fsdp—a(naši /Pp3npa–n-n(nje / on) Pp3npa–y-n(jih / on) Pp3npd–n-n(njim / on) Pp3npd–y-n(jim / on) Pp3npg–n-n(njih /naš) Ps1fsds—a(moji / moj) Ps1fsgd—a(najine / najin) Ps1fsgp—a(naše / naš) Ps1fsgs—a(moje / moj) Ps1fsid—on) Pp3npg–y-n(jih / on) Pp3npi–n-n(njimi / on) Pp3npl–n-n(njih / on) Pp3npn–n-n(ona / on) Pp3nsa–n-n(onoa(najino / najin) Ps1fsip—a(našo / naš) Ps1fsis—a(mojo / moj) Ps1fsld—a(najini / najin) Ps1fslp—a(naši / naš)/ on) Pp3nsa–y-n(ga / on) Pp3nsd–n-n(njemu / on) Pp3nsd–y-n(mu / on) Pp3nsg–n-n(njega / on) Pp3nsg–y-n(gaPs1fsls—a(moji / moj) Ps1fsnd—a(najina / najin) Ps1fsnp—a(naša / naš) Ps1fsns—a(moja / moj) Ps1mdad—/ on) Pp3nsi–n-n(njim / on) Pp3nsl–n-n(njem / on) Pp3nsn–n-n(ono / on) Pq——–a(koliko / =) Pq—a—-n(kaj/ kaj) Pq—d—-n(čemu / kaj) Pq—g—-n(česa / kaj) Pq—i—-n(čim / kaj) Pq—l—-n(čem / kaj) Pq—n—-n(kaja(najina / najin) Ps1mdap—a(naša / naš) Ps1mdas—a(moja / moj) Ps1mddd—a(najinima / najin) Ps1mddp—a(našima / naš) Ps1mdds—a(mojima / moj) Ps1mdgd—a(najinih / najin) Ps1mdgp—a(naših / naš) Ps1mdgs—/ =) Pq-fda—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pq-fdd—-a(čigavima / čigav) Pq-fdg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-fdi—-a(čigavimaa(mojih / moj) Ps1mdid—a(najinima / najin) Ps1mdip—a(našima / naš) Ps1mdis—a(mojima / moj) Ps1mdld—/ čigav) Pq-fdl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-fdn—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pq-fpa—-a(čigave / čigav) Pq-fpd—-a(čigavim /a(najinih / najin) Ps1mdlp—a(naših / naš) Ps1mdls—a(mojih / moj) Ps1mdnd—a(najina / najin) Ps1mdnp—čigav) Pq-fpg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-fpi—-a(čigavimi / čigav) Pq-fpl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-fpn—-a(čigavea(naša / naš) Ps1mdns—a(moja / moj) Ps1mpad—a(najine / najin) Ps1mpap—a(naše / naš) Ps1mpas—a(moje/ čigav) Pq-fsa—-a(čigavo / čigav) Pq-fsd—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pq-fsg—-a(čigave / čigav) Pq-fsi—-a(čigavo // moj) Ps1mpdd—a(najinim / najin) Ps1mpdp—a(našim / naš) Ps1mpds—a(mojim / moj) Ps1mpgd—a(najinihčigav) Pq-fsl—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pq-fsn—-a(čigava / čigav) Pq-mda—-a(čigava / čigav) Pq-mdd—-a(čigavima/ najin) Ps1mpgp—a(naših / naš) Ps1mpgs—a(mojih / moj) Ps1mpid—a(najinimi / najin) Ps1mpip—a(našimi/ čigav) Pq-mdg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-mdi—-a(čigavima / čigav) Pq-mdl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-mdn—-/ naš) Ps1mpis—a(mojimi / moj) Ps1mpld—a(najinih / najin) Ps1mplp—a(naših / naš) Ps1mpls—a(mojih /a(čigava / čigav) Pq-mpa—-a(čigave / čigav) Pq-mpd—-a(čigavim / čigav) Pq-mpg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-

moj) Ps1mpnd—a(najini / najin) Ps1mpnp—a(naši / naš) Ps1mpns—a(moji / moj) Ps1msad—a-n(najin / najin)

mpi—-a(čigavimi / čigav) Pq-mpl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-mpn—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pq-msa—-a-n(čigav / čigav)

Ps1msad—a-y(najinega / najin) Ps1msap—a-n(naš / naš) Ps1msap—a-y(našega / naš) Ps1msas—a-n(moj / moj)

Pq-msa—-a-y(čigavega / čigav) Pq-msd—-a(čigavemu / čigav) Pq-msg—-a(čigavega / čigav) Pq-msi—-a(čigavim

Ps1msas—a-y(mojega / moj) Ps1msdd—a(najinemu / najin) Ps1msdp—a(našemu / naš) Ps1msds—a(mojemu // čigav) Pq-msl—-a(čigavem / čigav) Pq-msn—-a(čigav / =) Pq-nda—-a(čigavi / čigav) Pq-ndd—-a(čigavima /čigav) Pq-ndg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-ndi—-a(čigavima / čigav) Pq-ndl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-ndn—-a(čigavi /moj) Ps1msgd—a(najinega / najin) Ps1msgp—a(našega / naš) Ps1msgs—a(mojega / moj) Ps1msid—a(najinim/ najin) Ps1msip—a(našim / naš) Ps1msis—a(mojim / moj) Ps1msld—a(najinem / najin) Ps1mslp—a(našem /čigav) Pq-npa—-a(čigava / čigav) Pq-npd—-a(čigavim / čigav) Pq-npg—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-npi—-a(čigaviminaš) Ps1msls—a(mojem / moj) Ps1msnd—a(najin / =) Ps1msnp—a(naš / =) Ps1msns—a(moj / =) Ps1ndad—/ čigav) Pq-npl—-a(čigavih / čigav) Pq-npn—-a(čigava / čigav) Pq-nsa—-a(čigavo / čigav) Pq-nsd—-a(čigavemua(najini / najin) Ps1ndap—a(naši / naš) Ps1ndas—a(moji / moj) Ps1nddd—a(najinima / najin) Ps1nddp—/ čigav) Pq-nsg—-a(čigavega / čigav) Pq-nsi—-a(čigavim / čigav) Pq-nsl—-a(čigavem / čigav) Pq-nsn—-a(čigavoa(našima / naš) Ps1ndds—a(mojima / moj) Ps1ndgd—a(najinih / najin) Ps1ndgp—a(naših / naš) Ps1ndgs—/ čigav) Pr——–a(čigar / =) Pr—a—-n(kar / kar) Pr—d—-n(čemur / kar) Pr—g—-n(česar / kar) Pr—i—-a(mojih / moj) Ps1ndid—a(najinima / najin) Ps1ndip—a(našima / naš) Ps1ndis—a(mojima / moj) Ps1ndld—n(čimer / kar) Pr—l—-n(čemer / kar) Pr—n—-n(kar / =) Pr-fda—-a(kakršni / kakršen) Pr-fdd—-a(kakršnimaa(najinih / najin) Ps1ndlp—a(naših / naš) Ps1ndls—a(mojih / moj) Ps1ndnd—a(najini / najin) Ps1ndnp—/ kakršen) Pr-fdg—-a(kakršnih / kakršen) Pr-fdi—-a(kakršnima / kakršen) Pr-fdl—-a(kakršnih / kakršen) Pr-a(naši / naš) Ps1ndns—a(moji / moj) Ps1npad—a(najina / najin) Ps1npap—a(naša / naš) Ps1npas—a(mojafdn—-a(kakršni / kakršen) Pr-fpa—-a(kakršne / kakršen) Pr-fpd—-a(kakršnim / kakršen) Pr-fpg—-a(kakršnih/ moj) Ps1npdd—a(najinim / najin) Ps1npdp—a(našim / naš) Ps1npds—a(mojim / moj) Ps1npgd—a(najinih/ kakršen) Pr-fpi—-a(kakršnimi / kakršen) Pr-fpl—-a(kakršnih / kakršen) Pr-fpn—-a(kakršne / kakršen) Pr-/ najin) Ps1npgp—a(naših / naš) Ps1npgs—a(mojih / moj) Ps1npid—a(najinimi / najin) Ps1npip—a(našimi

fsa—-a(kakršno / kakršen) Pr-fsd—-a(kakršni / kakršen) Pr-fsg—-a(kakršne / kakršen) Pr-fsi—-a(kakršno // naš) Ps1npis—a(mojimi / moj) Ps1npld—a(najinih / najin) Ps1nplp—a(naših / naš) Ps1npls—a(mojih /kakršen) Pr-fsl—-a(kakršni / kakršen) Pr-fsn—-a(kakršna / kakršen) Pr-mda—-a(kakršna / kakršen) Pr-mdd—a(kakršnima / kakršen) Pr-mdg—-a(kakršnih / kakršen) Pr-mdi—-a(kakršnima / kakršen) Pr-mdl—-a(kakršnihmoj) Ps1npnd—a(najina / najin) Ps1npnp—a(naša / naš) Ps1npns—a(moja / moj) Ps1nsad—a(najino / najin) Ps1nsap—a(naše / naš) Ps1nsas—a(moje / moj) Ps1nsdd—a(najinemu / najin) Ps1nsdp—a(našemu // kakršen) Pr-mdn—-a(kakršna / kakršen) Pr-mpa—-a(kakršne / kakršen) Pr-mpd—-a(kakršnim / kakršen)naš) Ps1nsds—a(mojemu / moj) Ps1nsgd—a(najinega / najin) Ps1nsgp—a(našega / naš) Ps1nsgs—a(mojega

Pr-mpg—-a(kakršnih / kakršen) Pr-mpi—-a(kakršnimi / kakršen) Pr-mpl—-a(kakršnih / kakršen) Pr-mpn—-/ moj) Ps1nsid—a(najinim / najin) Ps1nsip—a(našim / naš) Ps1nsis—a(mojim / moj) Ps1nsld—a(najinem /MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

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MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene178

najin) Ps1nslp—a(našem / naš) Ps1nsls—a(mojem / moj) Ps1nsnd—a(najino / najin) Ps1nsnp—a(naše / naš)a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3fdisn–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3fdld—a(njunih / njun) Ps3fdlp—a(njihovih / njihov)

Ps1nsns—a(moje / moj) Ps2fdad—a(vajini / vajin) Ps2fdap—a(vaši / vaš) Ps2fdas—a(tvoji / tvoj) Ps2fddd—

Ps3fdlsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3fdlsm–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3fdlsn–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3fdnd—a(njuni / njun)a(vajinima / vajin) Ps2fddp—a(vašima / vaš) Ps2fdds—a(tvojima / tvoj) Ps2fdgd—a(vajinih / vajin) Ps2fdgp—

Ps3fdnp—a(njihovi / njihov) Ps3fdnsf–a(njeni / njen) Ps3fdnsm–a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3fdnsn–a(njegovi / nje-a(vaših / vaš) Ps2fdgs—a(tvojih / tvoj) Ps2fdid—a(vajinima / vajin) Ps2fdip—a(vašima / vaš) Ps2fdis—a(tvojimagov) Ps3fpad—a(njune / njun) Ps3fpap—a(njihove / njihov) Ps3fpasf–a(njene / njen) Ps3fpasm–a(njegove / nje-

/ tvoj) Ps2fdld—a(vajinih / vajin) Ps2fdlp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2fdls—a(tvojih / tvoj) Ps2fdnd—a(vajini / vajin)gov) Ps3fpasn–a(njegove / njegov) Ps3fpdd—a(njunim / njun) Ps3fpdp—a(njihovim / njihov) Ps3fpdsf–a(njenim

Ps2fdnp—a(vaši / vaš) Ps2fdns—a(tvoji / tvoj) Ps2fpad—a(vajine / vajin) Ps2fpap—a(vaše / vaš) Ps2fpas—/ njen) Ps3fpdsm–a(njegovim / njegov) Ps3fpdsn–a(njegovim / njegov) Ps3fpgd—a(njunih / njun) Ps3fpgp—a(tvoje / tvoj) Ps2fpdd—a(vajinim / vajin) Ps2fpdp—a(vašim / vaš) Ps2fpds—a(tvojim / tvoj) Ps2fpgd—a(njihovih / njihov) Ps3fpgsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3fpgsm–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3fpgsn–a(njegovih / njegov)a(vajinih / vajin) Ps2fpgp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2fpgs—a(tvojih / tvoj) Ps2fpid—a(vajinimi / vajin) Ps2fpip—

Ps3fpid—a(njunimi / njun) Ps3fpip—a(njihovimi / njihov) Ps3fpisf–a(njenimi / njen) Ps3fpism–a(njegovimi / nje-a(vašimi / vaš) Ps2fpis—a(tvojimi / tvoj) Ps2fpld—a(vajinih / vajin) Ps2fplp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2fpls—a(tvojihgov) Ps3fpisn–a(njegovimi / njegov) Ps3fpld—a(njunih / njun) Ps3fplp—a(njihovih / njihov) Ps3fplsf–a(njenih // tvoj) Ps2fpnd—a(vajine / vajin) Ps2fpnp—a(vaše / vaš) Ps2fpns—a(tvoje / tvoj) Ps2fsad—a(vajino / vajin)Ps2fsap—a(vašo / vaš) Ps2fsas—a(tvojo / tvoj) Ps2fsdd—a(vajini / vajin) Ps2fsdp—a(vaši / vaš) Ps2fsds—

njen) Ps3fplsm–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3fplsn–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3fpnd—a(njune / njun) Ps3fpnp—a(njihove/ njihov) Ps3fpnsf–a(njene / njen) Ps3fpnsm–a(njegove / njegov) Ps3fpnsn–a(njegove / njegov) Ps3fsad—a(njunoa(tvoji / tvoj) Ps2fsgd—a(vajine / vajin) Ps2fsgp—a(vaše / vaš) Ps2fsgs—a(tvoje / tvoj) Ps2fsid—a(vajino // njun) Ps3fsap—a(njihovo / njihov) Ps3fsasf–a(njeno / njen) Ps3fsasm–a(njegovo / njegov) Ps3fsasn–a(njegovo

vajin) Ps2fsip—a(vašo / vaš) Ps2fsis—a(tvojo / tvoj) Ps2fsld—a(vajini / vajin) Ps2fslp—a(vaši / vaš) Ps2fsls—/ njegov) Ps3fsdd—a(njuni / njun) Ps3fsdp—a(njihovi / njihov) Ps3fsdsf–a(njeni / njen) Ps3fsdsm–a(njegovi /a(tvoji / tvoj) Ps2fsnd—a(vajina / vajin) Ps2fsnp—a(vaša / vaš) Ps2fsns—a(tvoja / tvoj) Ps2mdad—a(vajinanjegov) Ps3fsdsn–a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3fsgd—a(njune / njun) Ps3fsgp—a(njihove / njihov) Ps3fsgsf–a(njene // vajin) Ps2mdap—a(vaša / vaš) Ps2mdas—a(tvoja / tvoj) Ps2mddd—a(vajinima / vajin) Ps2mddp—a(vašimanjen) Ps3fsgsm–a(njegove / njegov) Ps3fsgsn–a(njegove / njegov) Ps3fsid—a(njuno / njun) Ps3fsip—a(njihovo/ vaš) Ps2mdds—a(tvojima / tvoj) Ps2mdgd—a(vajinih / vajin) Ps2mdgp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2mdgs—a(tvojih // njihov) Ps3fsisf–a(njeno / njen) Ps3fsism–a(njegovo / njegov) Ps3fsisn–a(njegovo / njegov) Ps3fsld—a(njuni /tvoj) Ps2mdid—a(vajinima / vajin) Ps2mdip—a(vašima / vaš) Ps2mdis—a(tvojima / tvoj) Ps2mdld—a(vajinihnjun) Ps3fslp—a(njihovi / njihov) Ps3fslsf–a(njeni / njen) Ps3fslsm–a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3fslsn–a(njegovi / nje-

/ vajin) Ps2mdlp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2mdls—a(tvojih / tvoj) Ps2mdnd—a(vajina / vajin) Ps2mdnp—a(vaša /gov) Ps3fsnd—a(njuna / njun) Ps3fsnp—a(njihova / njihov) Ps3fsnsf–a(njena / njen) Ps3fsnsm–a(njegova / nje-vaš) Ps2mdns—a(tvoja / tvoj) Ps2mpad—a(vajine / vajin) Ps2mpap—a(vaše / vaš) Ps2mpas—a(tvoje / tvoj)gov) Ps3fsnsn–a(njegova / njegov) Ps3mdad—a(njuna / njun) Ps3mdap—a(njihova / njihov) Ps3mdasf–a(njena

Ps2mpdd—a(vajinim / vajin) Ps2mpdp—a(vašim / vaš) Ps2mpds—a(tvojim / tvoj) Ps2mpgd—a(vajinih / va-/ njen) Ps3mdasm–a(njegova / njegov) Ps3mdasn–a(njegova / njegov) Ps3mddd—a(njunima / njun) Ps3mddp—jin) Ps2mpgp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2mpgs—a(tvojih / tvoj) Ps2mpid—a(vajinimi / vajin) Ps2mpip—a(vašimi / vaš)
Ps2mpis—a(tvojimi / tvoj) Ps2mpld—a(vajinih / vajin) Ps2mplp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2mpls—a(tvojih / tvoj)a(njihovima / njihov) Ps3mddsf–a(njenima / njen) Ps3mddsm–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3mddsn–a(njegovima/ njegov) Ps3mdgd—a(njunih / njun) Ps3mdgp—a(njihovih / njihov) Ps3mdgsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3mdgsm–

Ps2mpnd—a(vajini / vajin) Ps2mpnp—a(vaši / vaš) Ps2mpns—a(tvoji / tvoj) Ps2msad—a-n(vajin / vajin)a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3mdgsn–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3mdid—a(njunima / njun) Ps3mdip—a(njihovima / nji-Ps2msad—a-y(vajinega / vajin) Ps2msap—a-n(vaš / vaš) Ps2msap—a-y(vašega / vaš) Ps2msas—a-n(tvoj / tvoj)hov) Ps3mdisf–a(njenima / njen) Ps3mdism–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3mdisn–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3mdld—

Ps2msas—a-y(tvojega / tvoj) Ps2msdd—a(vajinemu / vajin) Ps2msdp—a(vašemu / vaš) Ps2msds—a(tvojemu /a(njunih / njun) Ps3mdlp—a(njihovih / njihov) Ps3mdlsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3mdlsm–a(njegovih / njegov)tvoj) Ps2msgd—a(vajinega / vajin) Ps2msgp—a(vašega / vaš) Ps2msgs—a(tvojega / tvoj) Ps2msid—a(vajinim

Ps3mdlsn–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3mdnd—a(njuna / njun) Ps3mdnp—a(njihova / njihov) Ps3mdnsf–a(njena/ vajin) Ps2msip—a(vašim / vaš) Ps2msis—a(tvojim / tvoj) Ps2msld—a(vajinem / vajin) Ps2mslp—a(vašem // njen) Ps3mdnsm–a(njegova / njegov) Ps3mdnsn–a(njegova / njegov) Ps3mpad—a(njune / njun) Ps3mpap—vaš) Ps2msls—a(tvojem / tvoj) Ps2msnd—a(vajin / =) Ps2msnp—a(vaš / =) Ps2msns—a(tvoj / =) Ps2ndad—a(njihove / njihov) Ps3mpasf–a(njene / njen) Ps3mpasm–a(njegove / njegov) Ps3mpasn–a(njegove / njegov)a(vajini / vajin) Ps2ndap—a(vaši / vaš) Ps2ndas—a(tvoji / tvoj) Ps2nddd—a(vajinima / vajin) Ps2nddp—

Ps3mpdd—a(njunim / njun) Ps3mpdp—a(njihovim / njihov) Ps3mpdsf–a(njenim / njen) Ps3mpdsm–a(njegovima(vašima / vaš) Ps2ndds—a(tvojima / tvoj) Ps2ndgd—a(vajinih / vajin) Ps2ndgp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2ndgs—/ njegov) Ps3mpdsn–a(njegovim / njegov) Ps3mpgd—a(njunih / njun) Ps3mpgp—a(njihovih / njihov) Ps3mpgsf–

a(tvojih / tvoj) Ps2ndid—a(vajinima / vajin) Ps2ndip—a(vašima / vaš) Ps2ndis—a(tvojima / tvoj) Ps2ndld—

a(njenih / njen) Ps3mpgsm–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3mpgsn–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3mpid—a(njunimi / njun)a(vajinih / vajin) Ps2ndlp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2ndls—a(tvojih / tvoj) Ps2ndnd—a(vajini / vajin) Ps2ndnp—a(vaši / vaš) Ps2ndns—a(tvoji / tvoj) Ps2npad—a(vajina / vajin) Ps2npap—a(vaša / vaš) Ps2npas—a(tvoja

Ps3mpip—a(njihovimi / njihov) Ps3mpisf–a(njenimi / njen) Ps3mpism–a(njegovimi / njegov) Ps3mpisn–a(njegovim/ njegov) Ps3mpld—a(njunih / njun) Ps3mplp—a(njihovih / njihov) Ps3mplsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3mplsm–/ tvoj) Ps2npdd—a(vajinim / vajin) Ps2npdp—a(vašim / vaš) Ps2npds—a(tvojim / tvoj) Ps2npgd—a(vajiniha(njegovih / njegov) Ps3mplsn–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3mpnd—a(njuni / njun) Ps3mpnp—a(njihovi / njihov)/ vajin) Ps2npgp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2npgs—a(tvojih / tvoj) Ps2npid—a(vajinimi / vajin) Ps2npip—a(vašimi

Ps3mpnsf–a(njeni / njen) Ps3mpnsm–a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3mpnsn–a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3msad—a-n(njun // vaš) Ps2npis—a(tvojimi / tvoj) Ps2npld—a(vajinih / vajin) Ps2nplp—a(vaših / vaš) Ps2npls—a(tvojih /njun) Ps3msad—a-y(njunega / njun) Ps3msap—a-n(njihov / njihov) Ps3msap—a-y(njihovega / njihov) Ps3msasf–tvoj) Ps2npnd—a(vajina / vajin) Ps2npnp—a(vaša / vaš) Ps2npns—a(tvoja / tvoj) Ps2nsad—a(vajino / va-

a-n(njen / njen) Ps3msasf–a-y(njenega / njen) Ps3msasm–a-n(njegov / njegov) Ps3msasm–a-y(njegovega / nje-jin) Ps2nsap—a(vaše / vaš) Ps2nsas—a(tvoje / tvoj) Ps2nsdd—a(vajinemu / vajin) Ps2nsdp—a(vašemu / vaš)gov) Ps3msasn–a-n(njegov / njegov) Ps3msasn–a-y(njegovega / njegov) Ps3msdd—a(njunemu / njun) Ps3msdp—

Ps2nsds—a(tvojemu / tvoj) Ps2nsgd—a(vajinega / vajin) Ps2nsgp—a(vašega / vaš) Ps2nsgs—a(tvojega / tvoj)a(njihovemu / njihov) Ps3msdsf–a(njenemu / njen) Ps3msdsm–a(njegovemu / njegov) Ps3msdsn–a(njegovemu /Ps2nsid—a(vajinim / vajin) Ps2nsip—a(vašim / vaš) Ps2nsis—a(tvojim / tvoj) Ps2nsld—a(vajinem / vajin)njegov) Ps3msgd—a(njunega / njun) Ps3msgp—a(njihovega / njihov) Ps3msgsf–a(njenega / njen) Ps3msgsm–

Ps2nslp—a(vašem / vaš) Ps2nsls—a(tvojem / tvoj) Ps2nsnd—a(vajino / vajin) Ps2nsnp—a(vaše / vaš) Ps2nsns—a(njegovega / njegov) Ps3msgsn–a(njegovega / njegov) Ps3msid—a(njunim / njun) Ps3msip—a(njihovim / njihov)a(tvoje / tvoj) Ps3fdad—a(njuni / njun) Ps3fdap—a(njihovi / njihov) Ps3fdasf–a(njeni / njen) Ps3fdasm–

Ps3msisf–a(njenim / njen) Ps3msism–a(njegovim / njegov) Ps3msisn–a(njegovim / njegov) Ps3msld—a(njunema(njegovi / njegov) Ps3fdasn–a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3fddd—a(njunima / njun) Ps3fddp—a(njihovima / njihov)
Ps3fddsf–a(njenima / njen) Ps3fddsm–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3fddsn–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3fdgd—a(njunih/ njun) Ps3mslp—a(njihovem / njihov) Ps3mslsf–a(njenem / njen) Ps3mslsm–a(njegovem / njegov) Ps3mslsn–a(njegovem / njegov) Ps3msnd—a(njun / =) Ps3msnp—a(njihov / =) Ps3msnsf–a(njen / =) Ps3msnsm–a(njegov/ njun) Ps3fdgp—a(njihovih / njihov) Ps3fdgsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3fdgsm–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3fdgsn–a(njegovih/ =) Ps3msnsn–a(njegov / =) Ps3ndad—a(njuni / njun) Ps3ndap—a(njihovi / njihov) Ps3ndasf–a(njeni / njen)/ njegov) Ps3fdid—a(njunima / njun) Ps3fdip—a(njihovima / njihov) Ps3fdisf–a(njenima / njen) Ps3fdism–

Ps3ndasm–a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3ndasn–a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3nddd—a(njunima / njun) Ps3nddp—a(njihovima

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

179/ njihov) Ps3nddsf–a(njenima / njen) Ps3nddsm–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3nddsn–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3ndgd—

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nikakršen) Pz-mdn—-a(nikakršna / nikakršen) Pz-mpa—-a(nikakršne / nikakršen) Pz-mpd—-a(nikakršnim /a(njunih / njun) Ps3ndgp—a(njihovih / njihov) Ps3ndgsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3ndgsm–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3ndgsn–

nikakršen) Pz-mpg—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-mpi—-a(nikakršnimi / nikakršen) Pz-mpl—-a(nikakršnih /a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3ndid—a(njunima / njun) Ps3ndip—a(njihovima / njihov) Ps3ndisf–a(njenima / njen)

nikakršen) Pz-mpn—-a(nikakršni / nikakršen) Pz-msa—-a-n(nikakršen / nikakršen) Pz-msa—-a-y(nikakršnega /Ps3ndism–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3ndisn–a(njegovima / njegov) Ps3ndld—a(njunih / njun) Ps3ndlp—a(njihovihnikakršen) Pz-msd—-a(nikakršnemu / nikakršen) Pz-msg—-a(nikakršnega / nikakršen) Pz-msi—-a(nikakršnim // njihov) Ps3ndlsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3ndlsm–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3ndlsn–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3ndnd—

nikakršen) Pz-msl—-a(nikakršnem / nikakršen) Pz-msn—-a(nikakršen / =) Pz-nda—-a(nikakršni / nikakršen)a(njuni / njun) Ps3ndnp—a(njihovi / njihov) Ps3ndnsf–a(njeni / njen) Ps3ndnsm–a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3ndnsn–

Pz-ndd—-a(nikakršnima / nikakršen) Pz-ndg—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-ndi—-a(nikakršnima / nikakršen)a(njegovi / njegov) Ps3npad—a(njuna / njun) Ps3npap—a(njihova / njihov) Ps3npasf–a(njena / njen) Ps3npasm–

Pz-ndl—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-ndn—-a(nikakršni / nikakršen) Pz-npa—-a(nikakršna / nikakršen) Pz-a(njegova / njegov) Ps3npasn–a(njegova / njegov) Ps3npdd—a(njunim / njun) Ps3npdp—a(njihovim / njihov)npd—-a(nikakršnim / nikakršen) Pz-npg—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-npi—-a(nikakršnimi / nikakršen) Pz-

Ps3npdsf–a(njenim / njen) Ps3npdsm–a(njegovim / njegov) Ps3npdsn–a(njegovim / njegov) Ps3npgd—a(njunih

npl—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-npn—-a(nikakršna / nikakršen) Pz-nsa—-a(nikakršno / nikakršen) Pz-nsd—/ njun) Ps3npgp—a(njihovih / njihov) Ps3npgsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3npgsm–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3npgsn–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3npid—a(njunimi / njun) Ps3npip—a(njihovimi / njihov) Ps3npisf–a(njenimi / njen)-a(nikakršnemu / nikakršen) Pz-nsg—-a(nikakršnega / nikakršen) Pz-nsi—-a(nikakršnim / nikakršen) Pz-nsl—a(nikakršnem / nikakršen) Pz-nsn—-a(nikakršno / nikakršen)

Ps3npism–a(njegovimi / njegov) Ps3npisn–a(njegovimi / njegov) Ps3npld—a(njunih / njun) Ps3nplp—a(njihovih/ njihov) Ps3nplsf–a(njenih / njen) Ps3nplsm–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3nplsn–a(njegovih / njegov) Ps3npnd—a(njuna / njun) Ps3npnp—a(njihova / njihov) Ps3npnsf–a(njena / njen) Ps3npnsm–a(njegova / njegov) Ps3npnsn–a(njegova / njegov) Ps3nsad—a(njuno / njun) Ps3nsap—a(njihovo / njihov) Ps3nsasf–a(njeno / njen) Ps3nsasm–a(njegovo / njegov) Ps3nsasn–a(njegovo / njegov) Ps3nsdd—a(njunemu / njun) Ps3nsdp—a(njihovemu / njihov) Ps3nsdsf–a(njenemu / njen) Ps3nsdsm–a(njegovemu / njegov) Ps3nsdsn–a(njegovemu / njegov) Ps3nsgd—
a(njunega / njun) Ps3nsgp—a(njihovega / njihov) Ps3nsgsf–a(njenega / njen) Ps3nsgsm–a(njegovega / njegov)
Ps3nsgsn–a(njegovega / njegov) Ps3nsid—a(njunim / njun) Ps3nsip—a(njihovim / njihov) Ps3nsisf–a(njenim/ njen) Ps3nsism–a(njegovim / njegov) Ps3nsisn–a(njegovim / njegov) Ps3nsld—a(njunem / njun) Ps3nslp—a(njihovem / njihov) Ps3nslsf–a(njenem / njen) Ps3nslsm–a(njegovem / njegov) Ps3nslsn–a(njegovem / njegov)
Ps3nsnd—a(njuno / njun) Ps3nsnp—a(njihovo / njihov) Ps3nsnsf–a(njeno / njen) Ps3nsnsm–a(njegovo / njegov) Ps3nsnsn–a(njegovo / njegov) Px——y(se / =) Px—a–npn(sebe / se) Px—a–ypn(se / se) Px—d–npn(sebi/ se) Px—d–ypn(si / se) Px—g–npn(sebe / se) Px—g–ypn(se / se) Px—i–npn(sabo / se) Px—l–npn(sebi /se) Px-fda—sa(svoji / svoj) Px-fdd—sa(svojima / svoj) Px-fdg—sa(svojih / svoj) Px-fdi—sa(svojima / svoj)
Px-fdl—sa(svojih / svoj) Px-fdn—sa(svoji / svoj) Px-fpa—sa(svoje / svoj) Px-fpd—sa(svojim / svoj) Px-fpg—
sa(svojih / svoj) Px-fpi—sa(svojimi / svoj) Px-fpl—sa(svojih / svoj) Px-fpn—sa(svoje / svoj) Px-fsa—sa(svojo/ svoj) Px-fsd—sa(svoji / svoj) Px-fsg—sa(svoje / svoj) Px-fsi—sa(svojo / svoj) Px-fsl—sa(svoji / svoj) Pxfsn—sa(svoja / svoj) Px-mda—sa(svoja / svoj) Px-mdd—sa(svojima / svoj) Px-mdg—sa(svojih / svoj) Pxmdi—sa(svojima / svoj) Px-mdl—sa(svojih / svoj) Px-mdn—sa(svoja / svoj) Px-mpa—sa(svoje / svoj) Pxmpd—sa(svojim / svoj) Px-mpg—sa(svojih / svoj) Px-mpi—sa(svojimi / svoj) Px-mpl—sa(svojih / svoj) Pxmpn—sa(svoji / svoj) Px-msa—sa-n(svoj / svoj) Px-msa—sa-y(svojega / svoj) Px-msd—sa(svojemu / svoj)
Px-msg—sa(svojega / svoj) Px-msi—sa(svojim / svoj) Px-msl—sa(svojem / svoj) Px-msn—sa(svoj / =) Pxnda—sa(svoji / svoj) Px-ndd—sa(svojima / svoj) Px-ndg—sa(svojih / svoj) Px-ndi—sa(svojima / svoj) Pxndl—sa(svojih / svoj) Px-ndn—sa(svoji / svoj) Px-npa—sa(svoja / svoj) Px-npd—sa(svojim / svoj) Px-npg—
sa(svojih / svoj) Px-npi—sa(svojimi / svoj) Px-npl—sa(svojih / svoj) Px-npn—sa(svoja / svoj) Px-nsa—sa(svoje/ svoj) Px-nsd—sa(svojemu / svoj) Px-nsg—sa(svojega / svoj) Px-nsi—sa(svojim / svoj) Px-nsl—sa(svojem/ svoj) Px-nsn—sa(svoje / svoj) Pz——–a(nič / =) Pz—a—-n(nič / nič) Pz—d—-n(ničemur / nič) Pz—g—-n(ničesar / nič) Pz—i—-n(ničimer / nič) Pz—l—-n(ničemer / nič) Pz—n—-n(nič / =) Pz-fda—-a(nikakršni/ nikakršen) Pz-fdd—-a(nikakršnima / nikakršen) Pz-fdg—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-fdi—-a(nikakršnima /nikakršen) Pz-fdl—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-fdn—-a(nikakršni / nikakršen) Pz-fpa—-a(nikakršne / nikakršen)Pz-fpd—-a(nikakršnim / nikakršen) Pz-fpg—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-fpi—-a(nikakršnimi / nikakršen) Pzfpl—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-fpn—-a(nikakršne / nikakršen) Pz-fsa—-a(nikakršno / nikakršen) Pz-fsd—a(nikakršni / nikakršen) Pz-fsg—-a(nikakršne / nikakršen) Pz-fsi—-a(nikakršno / nikakršen) Pz-fsl—-a(nikakršni/ nikakršen) Pz-fsn—-a(nikakršna / nikakršen) Pz-mda—-a(nikakršna / nikakršen) Pz-mdd—-a(nikakršnima /nikakršen) Pz-mdg—-a(nikakršnih / nikakršen) Pz-mdi—-a(nikakršnima / nikakršen) Pz-mdl—-a(nikakršnih /MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

9.8

181

Adposition (S) // Predlog (D)= ============== ============== ==== ============== ================== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en ATT-sl
VAL-slC-sl= ============== ============== ==== ============== ================== ====
1 Typepreposition
p
vrsta
p
- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---2 Formation
simplessestavljenost enostavenecompoundcpriponskip******************************* **** ************** ****************** ****
3 Casesklon(req.by prep.) genitiveg(ki ga zahteva) rodilnikrdativeddajalnikdaccusativeatožilniktlocativelmestnikm
instrumentaliorodniko- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---4 Clitic=================================
Notes:• Slovene has prepositions only, with some arguable exceptions (e.g. ’navkljub’ / in spiteof), which can be pre- or postpositions. All Adpositions in the lexicon are ’prepositions’,
so the name of the category is directly traslated as ’Preposition’, and the name of theType as ’-’.
• Although the MSDs distinguish the category ’Formation’, all the prepositions in the lexicon
are ’simple’.

Combinations*** **** **** ---- =========================================================PoS Type Form Case Examples*** **** **** ---- =========================================================
Spczase, nase, nanj, nanjo, nanju, ...
Spsgbrez, izpred, od, ...
Spsdk, navzlic, ...
Spsas, po, skozi, ...
Spslpo, na, v, ...
Spsipod, s, med, ...
*** **** **** ---- =========================================================

Lexicon
6 MSDs:MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene
Spc(čezenj / čezenj) Spsa(čez / =) Spsd(h / =) Spsg(ž / =) Spsi(ž / =) Spsl(na / =)182

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

9.9

183

Conjunction (C) // Veznik (V)= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en ATT-sl
VAL-slC-sl= ============== ============== ==== ============== ============== ====
1 Typecoordinatingc
vrsta
prirednipsubordinating s
podrednid******************************* **** ************** ************** ****
2 Formation
simplesoblikaenobesedniecompoundcvečbesedniv- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- -------------- ---3 Coord_Type- -------------- -------------- 4 Sub_Type- -------------- -------------- 5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 6 Number- -------------- -------------- 7 Person=================================
Notes:• According to Slov. grammar, some conjunctions are ’two-part’, but these can often beeither single or two-part conjunctions with identical first and second conjunct, e.g. ’ali... ali’; such conunctions are treated as ordinary, ’one-part’ conjunctions, i.e. as Formation=simple.
• Conjunctions are also classified into ’multi-word’ conjunctions, e.g. ’kljub temu da’ / inspite of. These conjuctions constitute one lexical ’word’; should be merged by the text
tokeniser e.g.: kljub temu da and marked as Formation=compound.
•

Combinations*** **** ---- ===============================================================PoS Type Form Examples*** **** ---- ===============================================================
Ccsin, aliCssda, ki, aliCscmedtem_ko*** **** ====================================================================MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

Lexicon
3 MSDs:Ccs(a/=) Csc(kljub temu da/=) Css(če/=)

9.10

Particle (Q) // Členek (L)= ============== ============== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en= ============== ============== ====
1 Type- -------------- -------------- ---2 Formation- -------------- -------------- ---3 Clitic====================================
Notes:• nôtes sem izgubil.

Lexicon
1 MSD: Q(še / =)9.11

Interjection (I) // Medmet (M)= ============== ============== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en= ============== ============== ====
1 Type- -------------- -------------- ---2 Formation====================================

Lexicon
1 MSD: I(ah / =)184

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

9.12

Numeral (M) // Števnik (K)= ============== ============== ==== ============== ================== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en ATT-sl
VAL-slC-sl= ============== ============== ==== ============== ================== ====
1 Typecardinalcvrsta
glavnig
ordinalovrstilniv
multiplemmnožilni
mspecialsdrugid- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---2 Gendermasculinemspolmoškim
femininefženskiz
neuternsrednjis- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---3 Number
singularsštevilo
edninaepluralpmnožinam
dual
ddvojinad- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---4 Casenominativensklon
imenovalnikigenitivegrodilnikrdativeddajalnikdaccusativeatožilniktlocativelmestnikm
instrumentaliorodniko******************************* **** ************** ****************** ****
5 Form
digit
d
zapis
arabskiaromanrrimskibletterl
besednir- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---6 Definitenessnondoločnost
ne
n
yes
y
da
d
- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---8 Class- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---9 Animatenonživost
ne
n
yes
y
da
d
- -------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ------------------ ---10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================185

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

186

Notes:• Numerals in Slovene can function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs, and are in grammars
described as subtypes of these categories. The above classification runs counter to theestablished practice and is missing an important syntactic distinction.

• Definiteness (-i ending = yes, -0 = no) is marked only on the multiple and special Numerals
in the nominative and accusative masculine singular. See also Def note on Adjective.

• Animacy is marked only (-ega ending = yes, else = no) on the Numerals masculine singularaccusative (M*msal*–[ny]). M[ms]msal have three msa forms: no-Definiteness, +Animate;-Definiteness, -Animate; +Definiteness, -Animate. See also Anim note on Adjective.

Combinations*** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- --- ---- ==================================PoS Type Gend Numb Case Form Def Clt Cls Anm Examples*** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- --- ---- ==================================
Md- 1984, ...
Mr- MCMXXCIV, ...
M
M
M
M
M

c
c
c
c
c

m
s
a
l
m
s
a
l
m
s [ngdli] lm[pd][ngdali]l[fs][spd][ngdali]l

-

-

-

n
y
-

en
enega
eden, en, enemu, enemu, enim
trije, treh, ..., dva,...
ena, eno,...,tri, treh,...,dve,..

M
M
M
M
M

o
o
o
o
o

m
s
a
l
m
s
a
l
m
s [ngdli] lm[pd][ngdali]l[fs][spd][ngdali]l

-

-

-

n
y
-

prvi
prvegaprvi, prvemu, ...
tretji, tretjih,...,drugi,...
prva, prvo,...,treh,...

M
M
M
M
M
M

m
m
m
m
m
m

m
s
n
l
m
s
a
l
m
s
a
l
m
s
[gdli] lm[pd][ngdali]l[fs][spd][ngdali]l

[ny]
[ny]
-

-

-

n
n
y
-

dvojen, dvojni
dvojen, dvojni
dvojnega
dvojen, dvejnega, dvojnemu,...
dvojni, dvojna, dvojnih, ...
dvojna, dvojno,..., dvojne,...

M
s
m
s
n
l [ny] - nstoter, stoteri
M
s
m
s
a
l [ny] - nstoter, stoteri
M
s
m
s
a
l
- y
stoteregaMsms[gdli] l- stoterega, stoteremu,...
Msm[pd][ngdali]l- stoteri, stotera,...
Ms [fs][spd][ngdali]l- stotera, stotero, ..., stoterih*** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- --- ---- ==================================

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

187

Lexicon
225 MSDs:
M—-r(C / =) Mcfdal(dve / dva) Mcfddl(dvema / dva) Mcfdgl(dveh / dva) Mcfdil(dvema / dva) Mcfdll(dveh/ dva) Mcfdnl(dve / dva) Mcfpal(šest / šest) Mcfpdl(šestdesetim / šestdeset) Mcfpgl(šestdesetih /šestdeset) Mcfpil(šestdesetimi / šestdeset) Mcfpll(šestdesetih / šestdeset) Mcfpnl(šest / šest) Mcfsal(eno/ en) Mcfsdl(eni / en) Mcfsgl(ene / en) Mcfsil(eno / en) Mcfsll(eni / en) Mcfsnl(ena / en) Mcmdal(dva / dva) Mcmddl(dvema / dva) Mcmdgl(dveh / dva) Mcmdil(dvema / dva) Mcmdll(dveh / dva)
Mcmdnl(dva / =) Mcmpal(šest / šest) Mcmpdl(šestdesetim / šestdeset) Mcmpgl(šestdesetih / šestdeset)
Mcmpil(šestdesetimi / šestdeset) Mcmpll(šestdesetih / šestdeset) Mcmpnl(šest / =) Mcmsal—n(en / en)Mcmsal—y(enega / en) Mcmsdl(enemu / en) Mcmsgl(enega / en) Mcmsil(enim / en) Mcmsll(enem /en) Mcmsnl(eden / =) Mcndal(dve / dva) Mcnddl(dvema / dva) Mcndgl(dveh / dva) Mcndil(dvema /dva) Mcndll(dveh / dva) Mcndnl(dve / dva) Mcnpal(šest / šest) Mcnpdl(šestdesetim / šestdeset) Mcnpgl(šestdesetih / šestdeset) Mcnpil(šestdesetimi / šestdeset) Mcnpll(šestdesetih / šestdeset) Mcnpnl(šest/ šest) Mcnsal(eno / en) Mcnsdl(enemu / en) Mcnsgl(enega / en) Mcnsil(enim / en) Mcnsll(enem /en) Mcnsnl(eno / en) Mmfdal(dvojni / dvojen) Mmfddl(dvojnima / dvojen) Mmfdgl(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmfdil(dvojnima / dvojen) Mmfdll(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmfdnl(dvojni / dvojen) Mmfpal(dvojne/ dvojen) Mmfpdl(dvojnim / dvojen) Mmfpgl(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmfpil(dvojnimi / dvojen) Mmfpll(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmfpnl(dvojne / dvojen) Mmfsal(dvojno / dvojen) Mmfsdl(dvojni / dvojen)
Mmfsgl(dvojne / dvojen) Mmfsil(dvojno / dvojen) Mmfsll(dvojni / dvojen) Mmfsnl(dvojna / dvojen)
Mmmdal(dvojna / dvojen) Mmmddl(dvojnima / dvojen) Mmmdgl(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmmdil(dvojnima/ dvojen) Mmmdll(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmmdnl(dvojna / dvojen) Mmmpal(dvojne / dvojen) Mmmpdl(dvojnim / dvojen) Mmmpgl(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmmpil(dvojnimi / dvojen) Mmmpll(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmmpnl(dvojni / dvojen) Mmmsal—y(dvojnega / dvojen) Mmmsaln–n(dvojen / dvojen) Mmmsaly–n(dvojni / dvojen) Mmmsdl(dvojnemu / dvojen) Mmmsgl(dvojnega / dvojen) Mmmsil(dvojnim / dvojen) Mmmsll(dvojnem / dvojen) Mmmsnln(dvojen / =) Mmmsnly(dvojni / dvojen) Mmndal(dvojni/ dvojen) Mmnddl(dvojnima / dvojen) Mmndgl(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmndil(dvojnima / dvojen) Mmndll(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmndnl(dvojni / dvojen) Mmnpal(dvojna / dvojen) Mmnpdl(dvojnim / dvojen)
Mmnpgl(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmnpil(dvojnimi / dvojen) Mmnpll(dvojnih / dvojen) Mmnpnl(dvojna / dvojen) Mmnsal(dvojno / dvojen) Mmnsdl(dvojnemu / dvojen) Mmnsgl(dvojnega / dvojen) Mmnsil(dvojnim/ dvojen) Mmnsll(dvojnem / dvojen) Mmnsnl(dvojno / dvojen) Mofdal(četrti / četrti) Mofddl(četrtima/ četrti) Mofdgl(četrtih / četrti) Mofdil(četrtima / četrti) Mofdll(četrtih / četrti) Mofdnl(četrti / četrti)
Mofpal(četrte / četrti) Mofpdl(četrtim / četrti) Mofpgl(četrtih / četrti) Mofpil(četrtimi / četrti) Mofpll(četrtih / četrti) Mofpnl(četrte / četrti) Mofsal(četrto / četrti) Mofsdl(četrti / četrti) Mofsgl(četrte/ četrti) Mofsil(četrto / četrti) Mofsll(četrti / četrti) Mofsnl(četrta / četrti) Momdal(četrta / četrti)
Momddl(četrtima / četrti) Momdgl(četrtih / četrti) Momdil(četrtima / četrti) Momdll(četrtih / četrti)
Momdnl(četrta / četrti) Mompal(četrte / četrti) Mompdl(četrtim / četrti) Mompgl(četrtih / četrti)
Mompil(četrtimi / četrti) Mompll(četrtih / četrti) Mompnl(četrti / četrti) Momsal—n(četrti / četrti)
Momsal—y(četrtega / četrti) Momsdl(četrtemu / četrti) Momsgl(četrtega / četrti) Momsil(četrtim /četrti) Momsll(četrtem / četrti) Momsnl(četrti / =) Mondal(četrti / četrti) Monddl(četrtima / četrti)
Mondgl(četrtih / četrti) Mondil(četrtima / četrti) Mondll(četrtih / četrti) Mondnl(četrti / četrti) Monpal(četrta / četrti) Monpdl(četrtim / četrti) Monpgl(četrtih / četrti) Monpil(četrtimi / četrti) Monpll(četrtih / četrti) Monpnl(četrta / četrti) Monsal(četrto / četrti) Monsdl(četrtemu / četrti) Monsgl(četrtega / četrti) Monsil(četrtim / četrti) Monsll(četrtem / četrti) Monsnl(četrto / četrti) Msfdal(deseteri / deseter) Msfddl(deseterima / deseter) Msfdgl(deseterih / deseter) Msfdil(deseterima / deseter) Msfdll(deseterih / deseter) Msfdnl(deseteri / deseter) Msfpal(desetere / deseter) Msfpdl(deseterim

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

188/ deseter) Msfpgl(deseterih / deseter) Msfpil(deseterimi / deseter) Msfpll(deseterih / deseter) Msfpnl(desetere / deseter) Msfsal(desetero / deseter) Msfsdl(deseteri / deseter) Msfsgl(desetere / deseter)Msfsil(desetero / deseter) Msfsll(deseteri / deseter) Msfsnl(desetera / deseter) Msmdal(desetera / deseter)
Msmddl(deseterima / deseter) Msmdgl(deseterih / deseter) Msmdil(deseterima / deseter) Msmdll(deseteri/ deseter) Msmdnl(desetera / deseter) Msmpal(desetere / deseter) Msmpdl(deseterim / deseter) Msmpgl(d/ deseter) Msmpil(deseterimi / deseter) Msmpll(deseterih / deseter) Msmpnl(deseteri / deseter) Msmsal—y(deseterega / deseter) Msmsaln–n(deseter / deseter) Msmsaly–n(dvakratni / dvakraten) Msmsdl(desetere/ deseter) Msmsgl(deseterega / deseter) Msmsil(deseterim / deseter) Msmsll(deseterem / deseter) Msmsnln(deseter / =) Msmsnly(dvakratni / dvakraten) Msndal(deseteri / deseter) Msnddl(deseterima / deseter) Msndgl(deseterih / deseter) Msndil(deseterima / deseter) Msndll(deseterih / deseter) Msndnl(desete/ deseter) Msnpal(desetera / deseter) Msnpdl(deseterim / deseter) Msnpgl(deseterih / deseter) Msnpil(des/ deseter) Msnpll(deseterih / deseter) Msnpnl(desetera / deseter) Msnsal(desetero / deseter) Msnsdl(desete/ deseter) Msnsgl(deseterega / deseter) Msnsil(deseterim / deseter) Msnsll(deseterem / deseter) Msnsnl(de/ deseter)MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Slovene

9.13

189

Abbreviation (Y) // Okrajšava (O)= ============== ============== ====P ATT-en
VAL-enC-en= ============== ============== ====
1 Syntactic_Type- -------------- -------------- ---2 Gender- -------------- -------------- 3 Number- -------------- -------------- ---4 Case- -------------- -------------- ---5 Definiteness====================================
Notes:• Sem sodijo tako krajšave kot kratice.

Chapter 10

Application to ResianAuthor:Han Steenwijk, Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature Anglo-Germaniche e Slave, Padova University.

Acknowledgements:
The author thanks Tomaž Erjavec for assistance in preparing this document. All errors of course
remain my own.

Lexicon
1 MSD: Y(št. / =)

10.1

9.14

This specification has been produced for release V3 of the MULTEXT-East guidelines. It is basedon the grammatical description of the Resian sub-dialect of Bela/San Giorgio as presented in:

Residual (X) // Neuvrščeno (N)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =Lexicon
1 MSD: Generation X

Introduction

Han Steenwijk: The Slovene Dialect of Resia: San Giorgio, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA: Rodopi,
1992.
See also http://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-tags/sl-rozaj

With respect to the common MULTEXT-East V2 tables, the attribute Courtesy has been addedat the tail of the Verb table at position 15, and the attribute Animate at the tail of the Article
table at position 6. The value ’collective’ (code ’l’) has been added to the attribute Number
in Noun, Adjective, Verb and Pronoun, and the value ’diminutive’ (code ’d’) to the attribute
Degree in Adjective.

Comments to the tables are to be read contrastively to those for Slovene, i.e. they are additions
or corrections to statements made for standard Slovene.

Each PoS section contains, in addition to the attribute-value tables, also a section with ’feature
co-occurence restrictions’ for the allowed combinations plus example word-forms. These wordforms are likewise given in the Bela/San Giorgio sub-dialect. Because of the nature of dialectdescriptions, that cannot be as exhaustive as descriptions of standard languages, for some allowed
combinations no attestations have been found so far. In order not to preclude the descriptionof such attestations in the future, certain combinations are still included as allowed.
In the examples the letter ”i” with umlaut (ı̈) has been rendered at ’i+’.

190

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian

10.2

191

Table of Categories=============== =======
PoS=============== =======
Noun
N
Verb
V
AdjectiveA
Adverb
R
PronounP
Adposition
S
Conjunction
C
Particle
Q
Interjection
I
NumeralM
Abbreviation
Y
Residual
X
ArticleT
Determiner=============== =======
Notes:• The order of the categories above is different from the one in the common tables for
MULTEXT-East languages and follows that for standard Slovene.
• The category Article is clearly established for Resian and therefore added to the table ofcategories for Slovene.

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian

10.3

192

Noun (N)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecommonc
properp- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali* ***************************** *5 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 6 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 7 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 8 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 9 Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 10Owned_Number=================================

Notes:• The value ’collective’ for Number can only occur with the nominative case of masculine
common nouns (Ncmln).
• Animacy can also be marked on neuter singular accusative Nouns.

• The feminine declension masculine noun has only one Ncmsa, that is marked as animate:oćo / father is Ncmsa–y.

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian193

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— ResianCombinations

10.4*** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ========================================PoS Type Gend Numb Case(Def)(Cltc)Anim Examples*** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ========================================
Nc[mfn] [sd] nstöl, stolä, li+pa, li+pi, jabulku,
jabulkiNcm[pl] nkjüčavi, kjüče
N
c
[fn]
p
n
li+pe, jabulkeNc[mfn] [spd][gdli]stolä,..., li+pi,..., jabulku, ...
N
c
[mn]
s
a
- [ny] stöl, tale, muža, taleta
N
c
f
s
a
li+po
N
c
[mfn] [pd] astole, stolä, li+pe, li+pi, jabulke,
jabulki= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typemainmauxiliaryamodalocopulac- -------------- -------------- 2 VForm
indicativei
subjunctivesimperativeminfinitivenparticiplepsupineu- -------------- -------------- 3 Tense
presentpimperfecti
futurefpastsaorista- -------------- -------------- 4 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 5 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 6 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern* ***************************** *7 Voiceactiveapassivep- -------------- -------------- 8 Negative
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 9 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 10Clitic- -------------- -------------- 11Case- -------------- -------------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- -Np[mfn] [spd][ngdli]
Rozajän,..., Mari+ca,..., Byrdu,...
N
p
m
s
a
- [ny] Rim, Rozajana
N
p
[fn]
s
a
Mari+co, ByrduNp[mfn] [pd] a
Rozajane, Rozajana, Klüže*** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ========================================

Verb (V)194

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian
14Aspectprogressivepperfectivee- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy
no
n
yes
y
=================================

195

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian

196

Notes:• Verbs that can be of more than one Type are tagged according to their actual function,eg. byt / to be can be main, copula or auxiliary.

• Adverbial participles like standard Slovene ’leže’ / lying down are not attested for Resian.

• Negative is always marked as ’n’ except for two verbs: ’ni+man’ / not to have, ’ni+si’ /not to be.

• The subjunctive is formally identical to the imperative, with one form for the three persons
in the singular and the forms for the 2nd and 3rd person plural being identical.
• The aorist is encountered sporadically in historical texts only.
• The new attribute Courtesy is only relevant for the 2nd person plural, where forms in ’-ta’
refer to a plural subject and ’-të’ to a singular subject.

Combinations*** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- // ---- ---- =======================PoS Type VFrm Tens Pers Numb Gend Voic Neg
Aspe Cour Examples*** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- // ---- ---- =======================
V [ca]npbyt
V [ca]mp1[pd] pbodimö, bodiwa
V [ca] [ms] p2[sd] pbodi, bodita
V [ca] [ms] p2pp[ny] bodita, boditëV [ca]sp[13] [spd] pbodi, bodita
V [ca]i[fia][13] [spd] pbon, bo, bomö, bowa...
bëšon, bëšë, bëšamö...
(no aorist examples)V [ca]i[fia] 2[sd] pboš, bota, bëšë, bëšta(no aorist examples)V [ca]i[fia] 2pp[ny] bota, botë, bëšta,bëštë(no aorist examples)V [ca]ip[13] [spd] - [ny]pni+si, ..., si, ...
V [ca]ip2[sd] - [ny]pni+si, ni+sta, si, sta
V [ca]ip2p- [ny]
p[ny] ni+sta, ni+stë, sta,stëV [ca]
ps[spdl]mapbil, bila, bili, bile
V [ca]ps[spd][fn] apbila, bilu, bili, bile
V

o

n

-

-

-

-

-

-

[pe]

V

o

m

p

1

[pd]

-

-

-

[pe]

V

o

[ms]

p

2

[sd]

-

-

-

[pe]

tët, morët (noperfective examples)morëjmö, morëjwa (noperfective examples)morëj, morëjta (noMULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian

197

V

o

[ms]

p

2

-

-

-

V

o

s

p

[13] [spd] -

-

-

V

o

i

[ia] [13] [spd] -

-

-

V

o

i

[ia]

2

[sd]

-

-

-

V

o

i

[ia]

2

p

-

-

-

V

o

i

p

[13] [spd] -

-

[ny]

V

o

i

p

2

[sd]

-

-

[ny]

V

o

i

p

2

p

-

-

[ny]

V

o

p

s

-

[spdl]m

a

-

V

o

p

s

-

[spd][fn]

a

-

V
V

o
o

p
p

-

-

[spdl]m[spd][fn]pp-perfective examples)[pe] [ny] morëjta, morëjtë (noperfective examples)[pe]morëj, morëjta (noperfective examples)[pe]tëšon, tëšë, tëšamö...
(no perfective or
aorist examples)[pe]tëšë, tëšta(no perfective or
aorist examples)[pe] [ny] tëšta, tëštë(no perfective or
aorist examples)[pe]
ni+man, ..., man, ...
(no perfective
examples)[pe]
ni+maš, ni+mata, maš,mata (no perfective
examples)[pe] [ny] ni+mata, ni+matë, mata,matë (no perfective
examples[pe]tël, tëla, tëli, tële(no perfective
examples)[pe]tëla, tëlu, tëli, tële(no perfective
examples)[pe](no examples)[pe](no examples)

V
V

m
m

n
u

-

-

-

-

-

-

[pe]
[pe]

V

m

m

p

1

[pd]

-

-

-

V
V
V
V

m
m
m
m

[ms] p2[sd] [ms] p2psp[13] [spd] i[ia] [13] [spd] -

-

-

V

m

i

-

-

[ia]

2

p

[sd]

-

delat, zdelat
spat (no perfective
example)[pe]delajmö,..., zdelajmö,...
[pe]delej, ..., zdelej, ...
[pe] [ny] delajta, delajtë, ...
[pe]delej, delajta, ...
[pe]diwašon, diwašë, ...
(no perfective or
aorist examples)[pe]diwašë, diwašta(no perfective or
aorist examples)

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— ResianV[pe] [ny] diwašta, diwaštë(no perfective or
aorist examples)Vmip[13] [spd] - [ny][pe]ni+man, ..., zdilan,
...
V
m
i
p
2
[sd] - [ny][pe]ni+maš, ..., zdilaš,
...
V
m
i
p
2
p
- [ny][pe] [ny] ni+mata, ..., zdilata,
...
V
m
p
s
[spdl]ma[pe]delal, delala, ...
Vmps[spd][fn] a[pe]delala, delalu, ...
Vmp[spdl]mp[pe]uwdilan, uwdilani, ...
Vmp[spd][fn] p[pe]uwdilana, uwdilanu, ...
*** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- // ---- ---- =======================

10.5

m

i

[ia]

2

p

Adjective (A)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typequalificative fpossessivesordinalo- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlativeselativeediminutived- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali* ***************************** *6 Definiteness
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- -

-

-

-

198

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian

199

7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 8 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 9 Formation- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person---------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================

Notes:• Uninflecting adjectives distinguish only Type. Their Degree is always positive, eg. ’duji’/ wild and ’sadoć’ / sitting are Afp.
• The value ’diminutive’ for Degree is relevant for derivated adjectives that end with thesuffix ’-ić’.
• There are no ’archaic’ indefinite forms that distinguish accent position.

Combinations*** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ================================PoS Type Degr Gend Numb Case Def (Cltc)Anim Examples*** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ================================Asp [mn] sn[ny]böguw, bögavi, bögawu, bögavëAsp [mn] dn(no examples)Aspf [sd] nbögawa (no dual example)
Aspm [pl] nbögavi, bögaveAsp [fn] pnbögaveAsp [mfn][spd][gdli]bögavaga, ... (no dual examples)Asp [mn] sa- [ny] bögavi, bögavë, bögavaga
A
s
p
f
s
a
bögawoAsp [mfn][pd]

A
A
A
A
A

o
o
o
o
o

p
p [mfn][sd] npm [pl] np [fn] pnp [mfn][spd][gdli]

A
A

o
o

p
p

[mn] sfsaaabögave (no dual examples)-

militarrozajanski, ... (no dual examples)rozajanski, rozajanske
rozajanske
rozajanskaga, rozajanskimu, ... (nodual examples)- [ny] rozajanski, rozajanskë, rozajanskaga
rozajansko

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— ResianAop [mfn][pd]

a

A
A

f
f

p
p [mfn][sd]

n

A
A
A
A
A
A

f
f
f
f
f
f

p
m [pl] n[ny]p [fn] pn[ny]p [mn] s
a
[ny]
p
f
s
a
[ny]
p [mfn] da[ny]p [mfn][spd][gdli] [ny]Af [csed][mfn][sd]200

rozajanske (no dual examples)[ny]liwči, liwčaga,...,najliwči,...,
priliwči,..., lipići, ... (no dual
examples)A
f [csed] m [pl] nliwči,..., liwče, ...
Af [csed] [fn] pnliwče, ...
Af [csed][mfn][spd][gdli]liwčaga, liwčimu, ... (nodual examples)Af [csed] [mn] sa- [ny] liwči, liwčë, liwčaga, ...
Af [csed] fsaliwčo, ...
Af [csed][mfn][pd] aliwče, ... (no dual examples)*** **** **** **** **** **** ================================================

10.6

n

duji, frëškzalën, zalanä, zalanö,..., zalëni,... (no dual examples)zaliny, zalane, zalëni, zalënezalane, zalëne- [ny] zalën, zalanö, zalaniga, ...
zalano, zalëno(no examples)zalaniga, ...., zalënaga,...
(no dual examples)

Adverb (R)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typegeneralg- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlativeselativee* ***************************** *3 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 4 Number- -------------- -------------- 5 Person- -------------- -------------- 6 Wh_Type=================================

Notes:

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian201• Adverbial participles like standard Slovene ’leže’ / lying down are not attested for Resian.

Combinations*** **** **** ==============================================================PoS Type Degr Examples*** **** **** ==============================================================
Rgp löpuRgc liwčëRgs najliwčëRge (no example)*** **** **** ==============================================================

10.7

Pronoun (P)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typepersonalpdemonstrative dindefiniteipossessivesinterrogative q
relativerreflexivexnegativez
generalg- -------------- -------------- 2 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali- -------------- -------------- -MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian202

6 Owner_Number

singularspluralpduald- -------------- -------------- 7 Owner_Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern* ***************************** *8 Clitic
no
n
yes
y
bound
b
- -------------- -------------- 9 Referent_Type personalppossessives- -------------- -------------- 10Syntactic_Type nominalnadjectivala- -------------- -------------- 11Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 12Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Pronoun_Form- -------------- -------------- 15Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 16Owned_Number- -------------- -------------- 17Wh_Type=================================

Notes:• The taxonomy for Type is in concordance with the grammatical analysis of Resian, be itthat ’other’ here appears as the value ’general’.
• No pronouns with the formant ’koli’ are attested in Resian.
• In the modern language ’swöj’ / own is an adjective.

203

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian204

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— ResianCombinations

Pi- [mfn] [pd]

-

-

-

- [an]

kire, ..., kake, ...

*** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** --- --- --- --- --- ================PoS Type Pers Gend Numb Case PosN PosG Clc Ref Syn Def Ani Examples*** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** --- --- --- --- --- ================Pxyse, siPx- [gdali][yb] pnse, si,...
Px- [gdali]npnsabe, sabë,...

P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

q
q
q
q
q
q
q
q

- [ngdali]- [mfn] [sd]
n
m
[pl]
n
- [fn]pn- [mfn][spd] [gdli] - [mn]
s
a
f
s
a
- [mfn] [pd]
a
-

-

-

n
- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]

du, koj, ...
kiri, ..., kak, ...
kiri, kire, kaki, kakkire, kakekiraga, ..., kakaga,- [ny] kiri, kirë, kiraga,..
kiro, kako
kire, ..., kake, ...

P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r

-

- [ngdali][mfn][sd]nm [pl]n[fn]
pn[mfn][spd][gdli] [mn]
s
a
f
s
a
[mfn][pd]
a
-

-

-

s
s
s
s
s
s
s

ki
dur, ...
(no examples)(no examples)(no examples)(no examples)- [ny] (no examples)(no examples)(no examples)

P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z

- [ngdali]- [mfn] [sd]
n
m
[pl]
n
- [fn]pn- [mfn][spd] [gdli] - [mn]
s
a
f
s
a
- [mfn] [pd]
a
-

-

-

n
- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]

P
P
P
P
P
P
P

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

P
P
P
P

-

[mfn][sd]nm [pl]n[fn]
pn[mfn][spd][gdli] [mn]
s
a
f
s
a
[mfn][pd]
a
-

-

-

s
s
s
s
s
s
s

a
a
a
a
a
a
a

(no examples)(no examples)(no examples)(no examples)- [ny] (no examples)(no examples)(no examples)

p
p
p
p

[12]
- [spd][ngdali]3 [mfn][spd][ngdli] 3 [mn]
s
a
3
f
s
a
-

-

[nyb] [nyb] [nyb] [nyb] -

n
n
n
n

mle, mlë, ..., näs, ..., me, ..., nas
njagä, njimü, ...
- [ny] ga, ji, njaga
nju, jo, njo

P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s

[12][mfn] [sd]n[spd] [12] m[pl]n[spd] [12] [fn]pn[spd] [12][mfn][spd] [gdli][spd] [12] [mn]sa[spd] [12] fsa[spd] [12][mfn] [pd]a[spd] [3]s [mfn][3][pd] -

P
P
P
P
P
P
P

d
d
d
d
d
d
d

- [mfn] [sd]
n
m
[pl]
n
- [fn]pn- [mfn][spd] [gdli] - [mn]
s
a
f
s
a
- [mfn] [pd]
a
-

P
P
P
P
P
P
P

i
i
i
i
i
i
i

- [ngdali]- [mfn] [sd]
n
m
[pl]
n
- [fn]pn- [mfn][spd] [gdli] - [mn]
s
a
f
s
a
-

-

-

a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a

möj,..., twöj, ...
mujy, me, ...
me, tvemiga, ..., tviga, ...
- [ny] möj, mö, miga,...
mo, twome, ..., tve, ...
njagä, njinjy, njü

--- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]

jse, ..., jte, ...
jsi+, jse, jti+, jte
jse, jte
jsogä, ..., jtogä, ...
- [ny] jse, jsö, jsogä,...
jso, jto
jse, ..., jte, ...

--n- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]- [an]

du, kej, ...
kiri, ..., kak, ...
kiri, kire, kaki, kake
kire, kakekiraga, ..., kakaga, ...
- [ny] kiri, kirë, kiraga,...
kiro, kako

a

n
n
a
a
a
a
a
a
a

nišći, ..., nikar
nidan, ...
nini, nine
nine
ninaga, ...
- [ny] nini, ninë, ninaga,..
ninonine, ...

Pg
- [mfn] [sd]n
- [an]
vys, ..., wsak, ...
P
g
m
[pl]
n
- [an]
wsy, wse, wsaki, wsakPg
- [fn]pn- [an]
wse, wsakePg- [mfn][spd] [gdli] - [an]wsiga, ..., wsakaga,Pg- [mn]sa- [an] - [ny] vys, wsë, wsiga,...
P
g
f
s
a
- [an]
wso, wsako
Pg- [mfn] [pd]a
- [an]
wse, ..., wsake, ...
*** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** --- --- --- --- --- ================

10.8

Adposition (S)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typeprepositionp- -------------- -------------- -MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian
2 Formation

simplescompoundc* ***************************** *3 Casenominativen(req.by prep.) genitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali- -------------- -------------- 4 Clitic=================================

Notes:• All adpositions are prepositions.

205

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian

206

subordinating s* ***************************** *2 Formation
simplescompoundc- -------------- -------------- 3 Coord_Type- -------------- -------------- 4 Sub_Type- -------------- -------------- 5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 6 Number- -------------- -------------- 7 Person=================================

Notes:• Compound prepositions, like ta-na / in, at are tagged as such.
• The preposition fra / among requires the nominative case.

Combinations*** **** **** ---- =========================================================PoS Type Form Case Examples*** **** **** ---- =========================================================
S
p
c
ta-za
S
p
c
g
ta stran, ta-mi sridi odSpcdta-parSpcata-na, ta-prid, ta-w, ta-za, ...
Spclta-na, ta-w, ta-po
Spci
ta-pod, ta-prid, ta-za, ...
S
p
s
za
S
p
s
n
fra
S
p
s
g
čenče, wod, ...
Spsdküntra, ...
Spsana, prid, w, za, ...
Spslna, w, po, ...
Spsipod, prid, za, ...
*** **** **** ---- =========================================================

10.9

Conjunction (C)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecoordinatingc• Compound conjunctions, like za wojo ki / because are tagged as such.

Combinations*** **** ---- ===============================================================PoS Type Form Examples*** **** ---- ===============================================================
Ccsanu, aliböj, ...
Cssda, ći, ko, ...
Cccinvëci ki, ...
Cscza wojo ki, ...
*** **** ====================================================================

10.10

Particle (Q)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Type- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation- -------------- -------------- 3 Clitic=================================

Combinations***
PoS===============================================================
ExamplesMULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian
***
Q
***

===============================================================ba, baj, ...
===============================================================

10.11

Interjection (I)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Type- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation=================================

Combinations
***
PoS
***
I
***

===============================================================
Examples===============================================================në, na, nu, ...
===============================================================

207

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian

10.12

208

Numeral (M)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecardinalcordinalo- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali* ***************************** *5 Form
digit
d
roman
r
letterl- -------------- -------------- 6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 8 Class- -------------- -------------- 9 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================

Notes:• A division of numerals according to their nominal, adjectival or adverbial function is not
usual in Resian grammar.
• No multiple or special numerals are attested in Resian.

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian209

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— ResianCombinations

Combinations*** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- --- ---- ===================================PoS Type Gend Numb Case Form Def Clt Cls Anm Examples*** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- --- ---- ===================================
Md
1984, ...
Mr
MCMXXCIV, ...

***
PoS
***
Y
***

M
M
M
M
M
M
M

c [mfn] [sd]
n
l
c
m
[pl]
n
l
c [fn] pnlc [mfn][spd] [gdli] lc [mn] s
a
l
c
f
s
a
l
c [mfn] [pd]
a
l

M
M

c [mfn]
c
-

-

M
M

c [mfn]c---[na] l[gdli] l
n
-

l
l

-

- [ny]

dyn, dnä, dnö, ...
dny, dne
dne
dnogä, dnumü, ...
dyn, dnö, dnogädnodne

Abbreviation (Y)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Syntactic_Type- ------------------------------2 Gender- -------------- -------------- 3 Number- -------------- -------------- 4 Case- -------------- -------------- 5 Definiteness=================================

10.14

Residual (X)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =P ATT=================================

dva, dvi
dvëma, ...
tri+ji, tri+, štirji, štiri
tri+, štiri, pet, šejst, ...

Mo [mfn] [sd]nlpyrvi, pyrwa, pyrvë, ...
M
o
m
[pl]
n
l
pyrvi, pyrveMo [fn] p
n
l
pyrve
M
o [mfn][spd] [gdli] lpyrvaga, pyrvimu, ...
Mo [mn] sal- [ny] pyrvi, pyrvë, pyrvaga
M
o
f
s
a
l
pyrwo
M
o [mfn] [pd]
a
l
pyrve
*** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- --- ---- ===================================

10.13===============================================================
Examples===============================================================(no examples)===============================================================

10.15

Article (T)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typedefinitefindefinitei- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralpdual
dcollectivel- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali* ***************************** *5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 6 Animate
no
n
yes
y
=================================

Notes:

210

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Resian211• The definite article is ’te ta tö’ and formally distinct from the demonstrative pronoun fromwhich it derived: ’jte jta jtö’.
• The indefinite pronoun is ’din na nö’ and formally distinct from the numeral from which
it derived: ’dyn dnä dnö’.

Combinations*** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ================================PoS Type Gend Numb Case Cltc Anim Examples*** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ================================
T [fi] [mfn][sd] nte, din, ... (no dual examples)T [fi]
m [pl] nti, te, ni, ne
T [fi] [fn] pnte, neT [fi] [mfn][spd][gdli]
toga, timu, ..., noga, numu, ...
T [fi] [mn] sa- [ny] te, tö, toga, din, nö, noga
T [fi]fsato, noT [fi] [mfn][pd] ate, ne (no dual examples)*** **** **** **** **** ================================================

Chapter 11

Application to Croatian
Authors:
Marko Tadić, Zavod za lingvistiku Filozofskoga fakulteta sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
This specification is implemented in the lemmatisation module used for the Croatian National
Corpus.
Zagreb, 10. July 1998.

11.1

Noun (N)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecommonc
properp- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentali* ***************************** *5 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 6 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 7 Animate
no
n

212

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Croatianyesy- -------------- -------------- 8 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 9 Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 10Owned_Number=================================

11.2

Verb (V)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typemainmauxiliaryamodalocopulac- -------------- -------------- 2 VForm
indicativei
imperativemconditionalcinfinitivenparticiplep- -------------- -------------- 3 Tense
presentpimperfecti
futurefpastspluperfectlaorista- -------------- -------------- 4 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 5 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 6 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern*********************************
7 Voiceactiveapassivep- -------------- -------------- 8 Negative
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 9 Definiteness-213

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Croatian- -------------- -------------- 10Clitic- -------------- -------------- 11Case- -------------- -------------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Aspect- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy=================================

11.3

Adjective (A)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typequalificative fpossessives- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlatives- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentali* ***************************** *6 Definiteness
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 8 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 9 Formation-

214

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Croatian- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person---------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================

11.4

Pronoun (P)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typepersonalpdemonstrative dindefiniteipossessivesinterrogative q
relativerreflexivex- -------------- -------------- 2 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentali- -------------- -------------- 6 Owner_Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 7 Owner_Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern*********************************
8 Cliticnonyesy- -------------- -------------- -215

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Croatian
9 Referent_Type personalppossessives- -------------- -------------- 10Syntactic_Type nominalnadjectivala- -------------- -------------- 11Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 12Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Pronoun_Form- -------------- -------------- 15Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 16Owned_Number- -------------- -------------- 17Wh_Type=================================

11.5

Determiner (D)Not applicable.

11.6

Article (T)Not applicable.

11.7

Adverb (R)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typegeneralg- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlatives*********************************
3 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 4 Number- -------------- -------------- -216

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Croatian
5 Person- -------------- -------------- 6 Wh_Type=================================

11.8

Adposition (S)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typeprepositionp- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation
simplescompoundc*********************************
3 Case(req.by prep.) genitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali- -------------- -------------- 4 Clitic=================================

11.9

Conjunction (C)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecoordinatingcsubordinating s*********************************
2 Formation
simplescompoundc- -------------- -------------- 3 Coord_Type- -------------- -------------- 4 Sub_Type- -------------- -------------- 5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 6 Number- -------------- -------------- 7 Person=================================217

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Croatian

11.10

Numeral (M)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecardinalcordinalomultiplem
specials- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentali*********************************
5 Form
digit
d
roman
r
letterl- -------------- -------------- 6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 8 Class- -------------- -------------- 9 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================

11.11

Interjection (I)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =218

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Croatian
1 Type- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation
simplescompoundc=================================

11.12

Residual (X)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== ==================================

11.13

Abbreviation (Y)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Syntactic_Type nominalnadverbialr- ------------------------------2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali- -------------- -------------- 5 Definiteness=================================

11.14

Particle (Q)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typenegativez219

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Croatianinterrogative qmodaloaffirmativer- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation- -------------- -------------- 3 Clitic=================================
Notes:
Type=negative used for negation with ’ne’, =interrogative for ’li’ and’zar, =affirative for ’da’.

220

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Serbian- -------------- -------------- 8 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 9 Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 10Owned_Number=================================

Chapter 12

Application to Serbian

Verb (V)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typemainmauxiliaryamodalocopulac- -------------- -------------- 2 VForm
indicativei
imperativemconditionalcinfinitivenparticiplepgerundg- -------------- -------------- 3 Tense
presentpimperfecti
futurefpastspluperfectlaorista- -------------- -------------- 4 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 5 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 6 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern*********************************
7 Voiceactiveapassivep- -------------- -------------- 8 Negative
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 9 Definiteness-

Authors:
Cvetana Krstev, Duško Vitas
Belgrade, February 13th 2003

12.1

12.2

Noun (N)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecommonc
properp- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralp
countt- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentali* ***************************** *5 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 6 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 7 Animate
no
n
yes
y

221

222

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Serbian- -------------- -------------- 10Clitic
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 11Case- -------------- -------------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Aspectprogressivepperfectivee- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy=================================

12.3

Adjective (A)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typequalificative fpossessivesordinalo- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlativeselativee- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralp- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentali* ***************************** *6 Definiteness
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- -223

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Serbian
8 Animate

no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 9 Formation- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person---------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================

12.4

Pronoun (P)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typepersonalpdemonstrative dindefiniteipossessivesinterrogative q
relativerreflexivexnegativez
generalg- -------------- -------------- 2 Person
first1
second2third
3- -------------- -------------- 3 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 4 Number
singularspluralpdual
dpaucalc- -------------- -------------- 5 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativeavocativev
locativelinstrumentali- -------------- -------------- 6 Owner_Number
singularspluralp

224

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Serbian- -------------- -------------- 7 Owner_Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern*********************************
8 Cliticnonyesy- -------------- -------------- 9 Referent_Type- -------------- -------------- 10Syntactic_Type nominalnadjectivalaadverbialr- -------------- -------------- 11Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 12Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- 14Pronoun_Form- -------------- -------------- 15Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 16Owned_Number- -------------- -------------- 17Wh_Type=================================

12.5

Determiner (D)Not applicable.

12.6

Article (T)225

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Serbian
adjectivalaverbalv
interrogative q- -------------- -------------- 2 Degree
positivepcomparativecsuperlativeselativee*********************************
3 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 4 Number- -------------- -------------- 5 Person- -------------- -------------- 6 Wh_Type=================================

12.8

Adposition (S)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typeprepositionp- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation
simplescompoundc*********************************
3 Case(req.by prep.) genitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali- -------------- -------------- 4 Clitic=================================

Not applicable.

12.9
12.7

Adverb (R)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typegeneralgnegativez

Conjunction (C)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecoordinatingcsubordinating s*********************************
2 Formation
simplescompoundc

226

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Serbian- -------------- -------------- 3 Coord_Type
sentencepwordsw- -------------- -------------- 4 Sub_Type
negativezpositivep- -------------- -------------- 5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 6 Number- -------------- -------------- 7 Person=================================

12.10

Numeral (M)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typecardinalcordinalomultiplemcollectlspecials- -------------- -------------- 2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralpduald- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali*********************************
5 Form
digit
d
roman
r
letterl- -------------- -------------- 6 Definiteness- -------------- -------------- 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- 8 Class-227

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Serbian- -------------- -------------- 9 Animate
no
n
yes
y
- -------------- -------------- 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- 11Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- 12Owned_Number=================================

12.11

Interjection (I)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Type- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation
simplescompoundc=================================

12.12

Residual (X)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =P ATT=================================

12.13

Abbreviation (Y)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Syntactic_Type nominalnadverbialr- ------------------------------2 Gendermasculinemfemininef
neutern- -------------- -------------- 3 Number
singularspluralppaucalc

228

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Serbian- -------------- -------------- 4 Casenominativengenitivegdativedaccusativealocativelinstrumentali- -------------- -------------- 5 Definiteness=================================

229

Chapter 13

Application to Bulgarian
12.14

Particle (Q)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =1 Typenegativezinterrogative qmodaloaffirmativer- -------------- -------------- 2 Formation- -------------- -------------- 3 Clitic=================================

Authors:
Radoslav Pavlov and Ludmila Dimitrova (IM-BAS), Lydia Sinapova (IIT-BAS), and Kiril Iv.
Simov (LML-BAS).

13.1

Noun (N)= ============== ============== ============= =
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC= ============== ============== ============= =1 Typecommonkniga
cproperIvanp- -------------- -------------- ------------- 2 Gendermasculine
stolmfemininemasa
fneutervretenon- -------------- -------------- ------------- 3 Number
singularmomtchespluralstolove
p
l.s.
count
(dva) stola t- -------------- -------------- ------------- 4 Casenominative
narod
nvocativenarodev* ***************************** ************* *5 Definitenessnoutchitelnyeszhenatayl.s. short_art
molivasl.s. full_art
molivytf- -------------- -------------- ------------- 6 Clitic- -------------- -------------- ------------- 7 Animate- -------------- -------------- ------------- 8 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- ------------- 9 Owner_Person-

230

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian---------------- -------------- ------------- 10Owned_Number=============================== ============= =Combinations=== ====== ====== ===== ==== === ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== =======POS Type
Gend
Numb Case Def Clit Anim OwnN OwnP OwdN Example=== ====== ====== ===== ==== === ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== =======
N[cp] [mfn][sp] n
1.
N
[cp]
m
s
[sf] 2.
N[cp] [mf]v
3.
N[cp] [mfn]py4.
N[cp] [fn]
s
y
5.
N
c
m
t
6.
=== ====== ======= ==== ==== === ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== =======
Examples:
1. narod, zhena, selo, Ivan, Penka
2. naroda, narodyt
3. narode, zheno
4. narodite, zhenite, selata
5. zhenata, seloto
6. naroda

13.2

Verb (V)= ============== ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC= ============== ============== ============== =1 Typemain
govoryamauxiliarysyma- -------------- -------------- -------------- 2 VForm
indicative
govoryaiimperative
govoretemparticiple
govorilpgerundgovorejkig- -------------- -------------- -------------- 3 Tense
present
govoryapimperfect
govorehipast
govorenosl.s. aorist
govoriha- -------------- -------------- -------------- 4 Person
firstgovorya1
secondgovorish2
thirdgovori3- -------------- -------------- -------------- 5 Number
singulargovoryaspluralgovoryatp

231

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian- -------------- -------------- -------------- 6 Gendermasculine
govorilmfemininegovorilafneutergovorilon************************************************
7 Voiceactivegovorestapassivegovorenop- -------------- -------------- -------------- 8 Negative- -------------- -------------- -------------- 9 Definitenessnogovorilnyesgovoriliteyshort_art
govoriliyasfull_art
govoriliyatf- -------------- -------------- -------------- 10Clitic- -------------- -------------- -------------- 11Case- -------------- -------------- -------------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- -------------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- -------------- 14Aspect!NEW in V2!
- -------------- -------------- -------------- 15Courtesy!NEW in V3!
============================================== =Combinations=== ===== ==== ==== ==== ===== ==== === === === === ==== == === =======PoS Type VFrm Tens Pers Numb Gend Voic Neg Def Cl1 Case An Cl2 Example=== ===== ==== ==== ==== ===== ==== === === === === ==== == === =======
V[ma] i[pai][123] [sp]- - 1.
V[ma] m2[sp]- - 2.
Vmp[pai] s[mfn] a n
- 3.
V
m
p
[pa]
s
m
a [sf] - 4.
V
m
p
[pa]
s
[fn] a y- 5.
Vmp[pai] p
a n
- 6.
V
m
p
[pa]
p
a y
- 7.
V
m
p
s
s
[mfn] p n
- 8.
V
m
p
s
s
m
p [sf] - 9.
V
m
p
s
s
[fn] p y
- 10.
V
m
p
s
p
p [ny] - 11.
V
a
p
[ai]
s
[mfn] a n
- 12.
V
a
p
[a]
s
m
a [sf] - 13.
V
a
p
[a]
s
[fn] a y
- 14.
V
a
p
[ai]
p
a n
- 15.
V
a
p
[a]
p
a y
- 16.
V
[ma] g- - 17.
=== ===== ==== ==== ==== ===== ==== === === === === ==== == === =======232

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian

Examples:
1. govorya, sym
2. govori, bydete
3. govorest, govorila
4. govorestiya, govorestiyat
5. govorestta, govoriloto
6. govoresti, govoreli
7. govoresti, govorilite
8. govoren, govorena
9. govoreniya, govoreniyat
10. govorenata, govorenoto
11. govoreni, govorenite
12. bil, bila
13. biliya, biliyat
14. bilata, biloto
15. bili
16. bilite
17. govorejki, bidejki

233

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian- -------------- -------------- --------------- -11Owner_Person---------------- -------------- --------------- -12Owned_Number==================================================

Combinations=== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === === === =======PoS Type Degr Gend Numb Case Def Clit An Frm OnN OnP OdN Example=== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === === === =======
A[mfn] sn
- beden, bednaAms[sf] - bedniya, bedniyatA[fn] sy- bednata, bednoto
Ap[ny] - bedni, bednite=== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === === === =======

13.4
13.3

Adjective (A)= ============== ============== =============== ==
P ATT
VAL
ExampleCC= ============== ============== =============== ==1 Type- -------------- -------------- --------------- -2 Degree- -------------- -------------- --------------- -3 Gendermasculine
bedniyatm
femininebednafneuterbednoton- -------------- -------------- --------------- -4 Number
singularbedniyaspluralbednitep- -------------- -------------- --------------- -5 Case
* ************************************************
6 Definiteness
no
bedna
n
yes
bednatayl.s. short_art
bedniyasl.s. full_art
bedniyatf- -------------- -------------- --------------- -7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- --------------- -8 Animate- -------------- -------------- --------------- -9 Formation- -------------- -------------- --------------- -10Owner_Number-

Pronoun (P)= ============== ============== =========== =
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC= ============== ============== =========== =1 Typepersonalazpdemonstrativetozidindefinite
nyakojipossessivemojsinterrogativekoi
qrelativekojtorreflexivesebe
xnegative
nikojzgeneralvsekig- -------------- -------------- ----------- 2 Person
first
az
1
second
ti
2
third
toj
3
- -------------- -------------- ----------- 3 Gendermasculine
mojmfemininemoyafneutermoen- -------------- -------------- ----------- 4 Number
singularazspluralniep- -------------- -------------- ----------- 5 Casenominative
toj
ndativenemudaccusativenegoa- -------------- -------------- ----------- 6 Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- ----------- -234

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian
7 Owner_Gender*********************************************
8 Cliticnosebe_sinyesmiy- -------------- -------------- ----------- 9 Referent_Type personalkojppossessivetchijsattributive
kakva
aquantitative
kolkoq- -------------- -------------- ----------- 10Syntactic_Type- -------------- -------------- ----------- 11Definiteness
no
svoj
n
yes
svoyatayshort_artsvoyasfull_artsvoyatf- -------------- -------------- ----------- 12Animate- -------------- -------------- ----------- 13Clitic_s- -------------- -------------- ----------- 14Pronoun_Form- -------------- -------------- ----------- 15Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- ----------- 16Owned_Number=============================================235

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian
PoS Type Pers Gnd Nmb Case OnN OnG Clt RefT SynT Def Example=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======
Pd- [mfn] sptozi,tova
P
d
p
p
tezi
P
d
q
tolkova

Indefinite, Interrogative, Relative, Negative pronouns=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======PoS Type Pers Gnd Nmb Case OnN OnG Clt RefT SynT Def Example=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======
P [iqrz] ms [nad] p
1.
P [iqrz] ms- [as] 2.
P [iqrz] [fn] s- [pas] 3.
P [iqrz] p- [pas] 4.
P [iqrz] q
5.
Examples:1. nyakoj, nyakogo, nyakomu, nikoj
2. nyakakyv, netchij, nikakyv
3. nyakoya, nyakakva, nechiya
4. nyakoi, nyakavi, netchii
5. nyakolko, nikolko, kolko

Possessive pronouns=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======PoS Type Pers Gnd Nmb Case OnN OnG Clt RefT SynT Def Example=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======

Combinations
Personal pronouns=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======PoS Type Pers Gnd Nmb Case OnN OnG Clt RefT SynT Def Example=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======
P
p [12]sn1.
Pp3[mfn] sn2.
Pp [123] pn
3.
Pp [12]s [ad] - [yn] 4.
Pp3[mnf] s [ad] - [yn] 5.
P
p [123] p [ad] - [yn] 6.
Examples:
1. az, ti
2. toj, tya, to
3. nie, vie, te
4. mene, me, mi, mene_me
5. nego, go, nego_go
6. nas, ni, nas_ni, nam

Demonstrative pronouns=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======

P
P
P
P

s
s
s
s

[123] ms[123] [fn] s[123] p[123] - [sp] -

-

-

n
n
n
y

-

-

[nsf] 1.
[ny] 2.
[ny] 3.
4.

Examples:
1. moj, moya, moyat
2. moya, moyata, tvoya
3. moi, moite, tvoi
4. mi, ti, mu, j, ni, vi, im

Reflexive pronouns=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======PoS Type Pers Gnd Nmb Case OnN OnG Clt RefT SynT Def Example=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======Px- [ad] - [ny] p
1.
P
x
m
s
n s
- [nsf] 2.
Px[fn] sn s- [ny]
3.
Pxpn s- [ny]
4.
P
x
y s
5.
Examples:236

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian
1. sebe, se, si, sebe_si
2. svoj, svoyat, svoya
3. svoya, svoyata
4. svoi, svoite
5. si

General pronouns=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======PoS Type Pers Gnd Nmb Case OnN OnG Clt RefT SynT Def Example=== ==== ==== ==== === ==== === === === ==== ==== === =======
Pgms [nad] p
1.
P
g
m
s
a
2.
P
g
[fn] s- [pa] 3.
Pgp- [pa] 4.
Pgmsq[sf] 5.
Pg[fn] sq[ny] 6.
Pgpq[ny] 7.
Examples:1. vseki, vsekigo, vsekimu
2. vsyakakyv
3. vsyaka, vsyakakva
4. vsyakoi, vsyakakvi
5. vsitchkiya, vsitchikiyat
6. vsitchka, vsitchkata
7. vsitchki, vsitchkite

13.5

Determiner (D)Not applicable.

13.6

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian**********************************************
3 Clitic- -------------- -------------- ------------ 4 Number- -------------- -------------- ------------ 5 Person==============================================

Combinations===== ====== ==== ==== ==== ===== ======================
POS
Type Degr Clct Numb Pers Example===== ====== ==== ==== ==== ===== ======================
Rgtuk, mnogoRaumno, veselo, studeno========================================================
Note: Adverbs of type adjectival have the same form as adjectives in
Gender = neuter, Person = 3, Number = singular.

13.8

Adposition (S)= ============== ============== ============= ==
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC= ============== ============== ============= ==1 Typeprepositionna, vp- -------------- -------------- ------------- -2 Formation************************************************
3 Case- -------------- -------------- ------------- -4 Clitic================================================

Article (T)Not applicable.

13.7

237

Adverb (R)= ============== ============== ============ =
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC= ============== ============== ============ =1 Typegeneraltukgl.s. adjectivalumnoa- -------------- --------------- ----------- 2 Degree-

Combinations=== ===== ==== ==== ==== ============================POS Type Form Case Cltc Examples=== ===== ==== ==== ==== ============================
Spna, za, v, okolo, spored=== ===== ===========================================

13.9

Conjunction (C)= ============== ============== ============== ==
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC

238

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian= ============== ============== ============== ==1 Typecoordinatinga, ala, ilicsubordinating tche, das*************************************************
2 Formation
simplea, i, tchescompoundi_da, za_dac- -------------- -------------- -------------- -3 Coord_Type- -------------- -------------- -------------- -4 Sub_Type- -------------- -------------- -------------- -5 Clitic- -------------- -------------- -------------- -6 Number- -------------- -------------- -------------- -7 Person=================================================239

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian- -------------- -------------- ------------ 6 Definiteness
no
edin
n
yes
ednatayshort_art
ediniyasfull_art
ediniyatf- -------------- -------------- ------------ 7 Clitic- -------------- -------------- ------------ 8 Class- -------------- -------------- ------------ 9 Animate- -------------- -------------- ------------ 10Owner_Number- -------------- -------------- ------------ 11Owner_Person- -------------- -------------- ------------ 12Owned_Number===============================================

Combinations
Combinations=== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ===== ==========================PoS Type Form CTyp SubT Clit Numb Pers Examples=== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ===== ==========================
Cc[sc] i, a, ami, tche, tyj_tcheCs[sc] tche, da, kato, za_da=== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ===== ==========================

13.10

Numeral (M)= ============== ============== ============ =
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC= ============== ============== ============ =1 Typecardinaledincordinalvtorio- -------------- -------------- ------------ 2 Gendermasculineedinmfeminineedna
fneuterednon- -------------- -------------- ------------ 3 Number
singularedinspluralednip- -------------- -------------- ------------ 4 Case**********************************************
5 Form
digit
1984
d
roman
IX
r
letterdva
ll.s. m_form
dvamaml.s. approx
stotinaa=== ===== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ===========PoS Type Gend Numb Case Frm Def Clit Clas Anim OwnN OwnP OwdN
Example=== ===== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ===========
Cardinal
M
c
d
1.
M
c
r
2.
M
c
m
s
l
[nsf] 3.
Mc[fn] sl[ny] 4.
Mcpl[ny] 5.
Mc[mfn] pl[ny] 6.
Mcmpm[ny] 7.
Mcpl[ny] 8.
Mcpa[ny] 9.
OrdinalMoms[nsf] 10.
Mo[fn] s[ny] 11.
Mop[ny] 12.
=== ===== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ===========
Examples:
1. 1984
2. IX
3. edin, ediniya, ediniyat
4. edna, ednata, edno, ednoto
5. edni, ednite
6. dva, dvata, dve, dvete
7. dvama, dvamata, trima
8. tri, trite, chetiri
9. stotina, stotinata
10. pyrvi, pyrviya, pyrviyat

240

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian
11. pyrva, pyrvata
12. pyrvi, pyrvite

241

MULTEXT-East morphosyntactic specifications V.3— Bulgarian
5 Definiteness==============================================
Note: As there are no Attributes for Abbreviations, this sectionis has no examples

13.11

Interjection (I)Combinations= ============== ============== ============ ==
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC= ============== ============== ============ ==1 Type- -------------- -------------- ------------ -2 Formation
simpleahscompoundbozhe moj!
c============================================ ====== ==== ==== ==== === ===========================PoS SynT Gend Numb Case Def Examples==== ==== ==== ==== === ===========================
Yt.n., vzh., lat., razg...
===================================================

Combinations

13.14=== ==== ========== =================================================POS Type Formation Examples=== ==== ========== =================================================Iso, hm-m, ha-ha, ah-lele, uviIcdiavol_da_go_vzeme, ama_rabota, bozhe_moj=====================================================================

13.12

Residual (X)= ============== ============== =
P ATT
VAL
C
= ============== ============== =P ATT=================================

Particle (Q)= ============== ============== =========== ==
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC= ============== ============== =========== ==1 Typenegativene, niz
generala, begcomparative
po, najcverbalda, stev
interrogativeli, daliqmodalda, danoo- -------------- -------------- ----------- -2 Formation
simplea, nescompoundhajde_dec- -------------- -------------- ----------- -3 Clitic==============================================

Combinations

13.13

Abbreviation (Y)= ============== ============== ============ =
P ATT
VAL
ExampleC= ============== ============== ============ =1 Syntactic_Type- -------------- -------------- ------------ 2 Gender- -------------- -------------- ------------ 3 Number- -------------- -------------- ------------ 4 Case- -------------- -------------- ------------ -=== ============ ======= =======================POS Type
Form
Cltc Examples=== ============ ======= =======================
Q
[go]
[sc]
a, be, neka,hajde_deQ[cvzq]spo, naj, ne, li, nali=== ============ ======= =======================
Note: In Bulgarian superlative particles "po" and "naj" precede
the superlative Forms of adjectives and adverbs:"po-hubav", "naj-hubav", "po-bavno", "naj-bavno".

242