Emerging activities to combat climatechange – use of FAO data and IPCC GHG
Inventory Guidelines for Agriculture andLand Use
Report of Joint FAO-IPCC-IFAD Expert Meeting
13-14 November 2014, Rome, ITALY

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Emerging activities to combat climatechange – use of FAO data and IPCC GHG
Inventory Guidelines for Agriculture andLand Use
Report of Joint FAO-IPCC-IFAD Expert Meeting on Emerging activities
to combat climate change – use of FAO data and IPCC GHG Inventory
Guidelines for Agriculture and Land Use
Rome, Italy
13 – 14 November 2014

Supporting material prepared for consideration by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
This supporting material has not been subject to formal IPCC review processes.
This Expert Meeting on Emerging activities to combat climate change – use of FAO data and IPCC GHG Inventory
Guidelines for Agriculture and Land Use was jointly organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations (FAO), the IPCC and International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD).
IPCC co-sponsorship does not imply IPCC endorsement or approval of these proceedings or any recommendations
or conclusions contained herein. Neither the papers presented at the Expert Meeting nor the report of its
proceedings have been subjected to formal IPCC review.
FAO and IFAD co-sponsorship does not imply FAO and IFAD endorsement or approval of these proceedings or
any recommendations or conclusions contained herein.
This meeting report was prepared jointly by the organizers from FAO (Dr. Francesco N.Tubiello and Dr. Till Neeff)and the Technical Support Unit for the IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Mr. Kiyoto
Tanabe, Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav and Ms. Maya Fukuda), and subjected to review by the meeting participants.

Published by IGES, Hayama, Japan on behalf of the IPCC
© Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2015
Please cite as:
IPCC, FAO, IFAD (2015). Emerging activities to combat climate change – use of FAO data and IPCC GHG
Inventory Guidelines for Agriculture and Land Use. Eds: Tubiello, F.N., Neeff, T., Tanabe, K., Baasansuren, J.
and Fukuda, M. Report of the joint FAO-IPCC-IFAD Expert Meeting, Pub. IGES, Japan.
IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI)
Technical Support Unit
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Foreword
The Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has, as part of its mandate, the objective of encouraging users to adopt the IPCC methodological guidelines
for estimating national inventories of greenhouse gases. This report is one of a series, developed though expert
meetings, which aims to assist users of the guidelines by addressing specific problem areas.
The Expert Meeting on Emerging Activities to Combat Climate Change – Use of FAO Data and IPCC GHG Inventory
Guidelines for Agriculture and Land Use was held at the Headquarters of Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations (FAO) in Rome, Italy, on 13-14 November 2014. It was jointly organized by the IPCC, FAO and theInternational Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
This meeting aimed to consider how the information on access and use of the FAO datasets in Agriculture, Forestry,and other Land Use (AFOLU) GHG inventories could be continuously updated and made available to inventory
compilers in an efficient and user-friendly way. The outcome of this meeting is expected to help inventory compilers
collect data for use in their national GHG inventories. In this context, this meeting was considered as 10th Expert
Meeting on Data for the IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) under the IPCC TFI.
The meeting also aimed to identify needs for data and guidance in support of monitoring, reporting and verificationof emerging activities in the agriculture and land use sectors, aimed at combating climate change in coming
decades.
The Co-chairs of the Task Force Bureau would like to thank all those involved in this meeting, in particular FAO,
and IFAD for enabling the expert meeting to take place and all the expert participants of the meeting without whom
this report would not be possible.

Thelma Krug

Taka Hiraishi

Co-Chair Task Force Bureau

Co-Chair Task Force Bureau

1Acknowledgements
The Expert Meeting on Emerging Activities to Combat Climate Change – Use of FAO Data and IPCC GHG Inventory
Guidelines for Agriculture and Land Use was a joint effort of Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI) of Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO) and International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD). The organisers would like to thank allthese bodies for their support and co-operation. Thanks are also due to the experts from many countries, FAO andIFAD who took part in the meeting deliberations and helped in the preparation of the meeting report. The organizers
acknowledge support by the Governments of Norway and Germany to the workshop through the Monitoring andAssessment of GHG Emissions in Agriculture Project (MAGHG) and its Team: Francesco N. Tubiello, Till Neeff,
Sandro Federici, Mirella Salvatore, Rocio Condor-Golec, Esther Mertens, Paolo Prosperi, Alessandro Ferrara,
Alessandro Flammini, Paulina Prasula, Heather Jacobs, Riccardo Biancalani, and Paola Cardenas.

2

Executive summary
Background on expert exchanges about the use of FAO data for national GHG
inventories since 2009

In 2009, a joint IPCC-FAO-IFAD Expert Meeting on Activity Data for LULUCF/AFOLU identified data gaps andpossible solutions aimed at improving the use of FAO datasets for AFOLU national greenhouse gas (GHG)
inventories. A meeting report was produced that summarises Datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines available
at FAO.
FAO data has been significantly enhanced since the 2009 Expert Meeting. In response to its recommendations,
the Governments of Germany and Norway funded FAO via the Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions
and Mitigation Potential Project (MAGHG) that developed the FAOSTAT Emissions Database, launched in 2012.
It contains a global set of tier 1 emission estimates for the agriculture and land use domains, with coverage from1961-2012 (agriculture) and 1990-2012 (land use) and projections to 2030 and 2050.
In 2014 IPCC, FAO and IFAD jointly organized a follow-up event, the Expert Meeting on Emerging Activities to
Combat Climate Change – Use of FAO Data and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines for Agriculture and Land
Use. It served both as a reflection of progress made since 2009 and as an opportunity to build on lessons learned
and address emerging needs for improved statistics for national GHG inventories, mitigation, and adaptation andfood security. It was attended by 93 participants from 26 countries, including several authors of IPCC GHG
Inventory Guidelines, the Co-chairs and the Technical Support Unit of the IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI), experts from FAO, IFAD and UNFCCC, and other AFOLU experts.
The 2014 Expert Meeting had the objective to discuss the use of FAO data and IPCC GHG Inventory
Guidelines for AFOLU with a view on emerging activities to combat climate change. Specifically, this involved
discussing:••••

How FAO datasets can help in inventory compilation using the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines by
providing activity data, emission factors and other parameters and facilitating quality assurance, quality
control and verification;
How the information on international, predominately FAO, datasets could be continuously updated andmade available to relevant user-groups for estimating emissions and removals of GHG from the AFOLU
sector;
How the FAO datasets and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines could potentially be used for other purposessuch as mitigation analysis for agriculture and land use at national and project scale;
How to effectively develop required capacities to use FAO datasets and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines.

This report summarises the discussions and results of the 2014 Expert Meeting. This includes an update to the2009 publication about datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines.

The FAO datasets and tools and how they can be used with IPCC GHG Inventory
Guidelines

Data collection, storage and analysis is a key function of FAO. FAOSTAT is FAO’s corporate data repository. It
contains data reported by annual surveys next to dedicated data collection initiatives on areas of particular interest.
With its member countries FAO has a range of such data collection initiatives of relevance for GHG inventory
compilers. These include the Global Forest Resource Assessment, the GlobAllmeTree and the World Census of
Agriculture 2020. There are also various initiatives ongoing at FAO to provide countries with tools that are useful to
GHG inventory compilers. Such tools included the OpenForis, the Global Livestock Environmental Accounting
Model and the Land Cover Classification System.

3

National data collection efforts
National statistics offices

Countries’ data collection efforts

Normative work at FAO

FAO initiatives to provide tools

WCA2020

OpenForis

GLEAM

GlobAllomeTree

LCCS

Data collection initiatives at FAOFRAAQUASTATFAOSTAT
FAO’s corporate data repository
Figure 1: Data collection and tools between FAO and its member countries

An overview of activity data and emission estimates available at FAO are contained in overview tables within thisreport. Six tables collect information on agriculture: enteric fermentation, manure management, rice, agriculturalsoils, savannah burning and other data. Another six tables contain information on land use: forest land, grassland,
cropland, wetland, other land and settlements. A last table summarises databases with emission and stock factors,
where all factors are for estimation of emissions from forest land and grassland.

Conclusions from expert exchange and recommendations for further work at IPCC andFAO

The Expert Meeting collected a set of conclusions and recommendations. Notably, there were discussion sessions
on emerging data and methodological development needs that delivered important conclusions and basis fordeveloping recommendations in the plenary.
The discussion session on emerging data needs focused on the following topics:••

Data gaps with a view on activity data chiefly regarding past and potential future land-use change,
including the access to remote sensing data and regional data, andInstitutional coordination between data producers and GHG expert communities and other users.

The discussion session on methodological development needs focused on the following topics:••

The need to develop methodological principles for national GHG inventories, i.e. within the boundaries ofguidelines for reporting on national GHG inventories, andThe application of the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines for assessing results of mitigation actions, including
REDD+ activities and including through life-cycle assessments of specific products.

4

The meeting delivered a set of recommendations on further work, as follows:
1. FAO should build further on the utility of FAOSTAT as a data portal both for activity data and for emission
estimates.
2. FAO should explore the feasibility of providing information on the direction of land-use changes.
3. Approaches for basing reference emission scenarios on food supply and demand projections should be
explored.
4. A dialogue between relevant technical agencies and statistics offices, at both the national and international
levels should be promoted, to address current needs for national and sub-national GHG information, foruse in national analysis, including inventories.
5. Capacity development on national GHG reporting processes linking to food security considerations
continues being relevant, in particular with a view on the use of existing datasets and methodologicalguidance.
6. FAO should explore how data in the corporate repositories provide useful input for mitigation analysis.
7. Further consideration of the linkages among GHG emissions and food security and adaptation would be
useful.
8. Exchange of data and information should be enhanced between IPCC and other agencies providing data,
methodologies and capacity development.
9. IPCC should facilitate access to newly available data sources for activity data and emission factors, aswell as complementary tools and methodological guidance.
10. It would be useful for the IPCC to further consider the utility and possibility of additional guidance on issues
relevant for mitigation actions.

5

Table of contents
Forward ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Table of contents ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Background on expert exchanges about the use of FAO data for national GHG inventories since 2009 ................. 7
An Expert Meeting in 2009 on use of FAO data for national GHG inventories ....................................................... 7
Improvements to FAO datasets since 2009 .............................................................................................................. 7
The context of developing countries’ national GHG inventories under the UNFCCC ............................................ 8
The 2014 Expert Meeting on emerging activities to combat climate change – use of FAO data and IPCC GHG
Inventory Guidelines for Agriculture and Land Use .................................................................................................. 8This report ................................................................................................................................................................... 9Technical background ................................................................................................................................................... 10
IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines and their use in the AFOLU sector .................................................................... 10
Statistical processes ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Mitigation and life-cycle analysis .............................................................................................................................. 12
The FAO datasets and tools and how they can be used with IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines ..............................13
Key initiatives at FAO for data collection for normative work ................................................................................. 14
Initiatives at FAO to provide tools useful for GHG inventory compilers ................................................................. 15
Structure of data tables with activity data and emission estimates........................................................................ 16
Tables with data for use by national GHG inventory compilers in the agriculture sector .....................................16
Enteric fermentation ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Manure management ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Rice cultivation...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Agricultural soils ................................................................................................................................................... 21
Savannah burning ................................................................................................................................................ 22
Other agriculture ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Tables with data for use by national GHG inventory compilers in the land-use sector ........................................24
Land representation ............................................................................................................................................. 25
Emission factor data for land use ........................................................................................................................ 27
Conclusions from expert exchange and recommendations for further work.............................................................. 29
Discussions on emerging data and methodological development needs.............................................................. 29
Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................................... 29
Recommendations on further work .......................................................................................................................... 30
Annex 1: References ..................................................................................................................................................... 32
Annex 2: List of participants .......................................................................................................................................... 33
Annex 3: Meeting agenda ............................................................................................................................................. 39

6

Background on expert exchanges about the use of FAO data for national GHG
inventories since 2009
An Expert Meeting in 2009 on use of FAO data for national GHG inventories

In 2009, a joint IPCC-FAO-IFAD Expert Meeting on Activity Data for LULUCF/AFOLU identified data gaps andpossible solutions aimed at improving the use of FAO datasets for AFOLU national greenhouse gas (GHG)
inventories. The intent of this meeting was to address the need for guidance on AFOLU GHG emissions estimates
identified at the expert meeting on IPCC guidance on estimating emissions and removals from land use such as
agriculture and forestry held in 2008 by the IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI).
The 2009 Expert Meeting culminated with a set of recommendations, including proposed refinements to datacollection efforts by FAO. These outcomes were summarized in the report on Datasets for use in the IPCC
Guidelines - FAO data and how it can be used in the IPCC Agriculture and Land Use Guidelines. This report
indicated that although FAO has compiled some of the most useful international datasets for AFOLU national GHG
inventories, data gaps and harmonization issues needed to be addressed in order to make these datasets morecompatible with national GHG inventory requirements.
The AFOLU sector presents a substantial challenge for inventory compilation in developing countries due to a
dearth of reliable national data. The ease of access and use of FAO data for AFOLU inventories were issues that
had already been examined at the 2008 meeting of the IPCC TFI. In 2009, experts noted the difficulties inventory
compilers faced in accessing FAO datasets and translating the available FAO data to what was required according
to the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines. Experts acknowledged the number and variety of useful datasets; however,they also highlighted the challenge of data integration into national GHG inventories.
The obstacles identified in 2009 included the accessibility of international datasets and their relevance to IPCC
GHG Inventory Guidelines. First, the reporting categories and definitions used in FAO datasets did not match thosein the guidelines. In cases where FAO datasets cannot contain common definitions or reporting categories, expertssuggested that they provide additional information for easier interpretation.
Second, FAOSTAT and the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) datasets did not separately contain
information on managed land, did not contain disaggregated information for several parameters (i.e. wood removal
by land category), and did not have sufficient information on land use conversion to derive a land use conversion
matrix. Thus, it was suggested that FAO start to include additional land-use data and that certain aggregate source
categories (i.e. livestock and emissions from soils) fill in gaps to sufficiently disaggregate information on several
key parameters.
Lastly, experts suggested that improvements be made to the presentation of and access to this data. The meeting
report cited the multiplicity of datasets on the same topic, as well as a large amount of data in unpublished or offline
formats, and suggested the preparation of a website listing all data available for inventory preparation.

Improvements to FAO datasets since 2009

FAO data has been significantly enhanced since the 2009 Expert Meeting. In response to its recommendations,
the Governments of Germany and Norway funded FAO via the Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions
and Mitigation Potential Project (MAGHG) to begin addressing the gaps identified by building new datasets anddeveloping guidance and training in support of IPCC and UNFCCC processes for the AFOLU sector.
As a result of these activities, and in a broad international collaboration, FAO launched the FAOSTAT Emissions
Database in 2012. It contains a global set of tier 1 emission estimates for the agriculture and land use domains,with national and regional coverage from 1961-2012 (agriculture) and 1990-2012 (land Use) and projections to2030 and 2050, based on existing and newly developed activity data for the AFOLU sector.
The FAOSTAT Emissions Database contributed to the recent fifth IPCC Assessment Report with global andregional analysis of AFOLU emissions and mitigation potentials. The database is increasingly being used by experts
in member countries as a tool to support the national GHG inventory processes and mitigation analysis. FAOSTAT
was recently enhanced with a new suite of analysis tools for quality assurance and verification, and comparisonswith UNFCCC data, as well as tools that enable access to geo-referenced data and enable the development of
indicators. Additionally, FAOSTAT is working toward increased transparency on institutions that report country7

activity data via annual FAO surveys. This increases the transparency of GHG emissions estimation, and informs
GHG compilers who may need to discuss activity data with those involved in the country reporting process.

The context of developing countries’ national GHG inventories under the UNFCCC

The GHG reporting modalities under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
are developing. Most of non-Annex 1 Parties have reported their national GHG inventories as part of National
Communications (NCs) at several-year intervals.
These Parties are now required to also submit Biennial Update Reports (BURs) under the UNFCCC. BURs should
include updates of national GHG inventories, information on mitigation actions and their effects, constraints andgaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs, etc. First BURs were due by December 2014 (consistent
with the Party’s capabilities or level of support provided), and every two years thereafter. Several countries haveidentified the need for capacity development to bridge technical gaps in the reporting of GHG emissions in the
AFOLU sector.
Biennial Update Reports also undergo a process of International Consultation and Analysis (ICA). Teams oftechnical experts conduct a technical analysis, followed by a facilitative sharing of views among countries. The ICA
aims to enhance the transparency and accountability of information reported in BURs.
In addition, mitigation in developing countries has gained much momentum under the UNFCCC since 2009.
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) are being developed in several countries and in many countries
there are capacity-development programmes underway relating to an emerging scheme for reducing emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). Furthermore, countries have engaged in a process ofsubmitting Intended Nationally-Determined Contributions (INDCs) to the global effort against climate change.

The 2014 Expert Meeting on emerging activities to combat climate change – use of FAO
data and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines for Agriculture and Land Use

The 2014 Expert Meeting considered how FAO datasets can support the process of national GHG inventory
compilation using IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines by providing activity data, emissions factors, and facilitating
quality assurance, quality control and verification for the AFOLU sector. It also assessed ways in which datasets
first compiled at the 2009 meeting can be continuously updated and made available to relevant user groups. Lastly,
the meeting explored ways that FAO datasets and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines could potentially be used to
conduct mitigation analysis for AFOLU activities at national and project scale.
The 2014 Expert meeting on emerging activities to combat climate change – use of FAO data and IPCC
GHG Inventory Guidelines for Agriculture and Land Use served both as a reflection of progress made since2009 and as an opportunity to build on lessons learned and address emerging needs in the area of improved
statistics for use in national GHG inventories, mitigation, and rural development. It was attended by 93 participants(61 men and 32 women) from 26 countries, including authors of IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines, other AFOLU
experts, experts from FAO, IFAD, UNFCCC, and the IPCC TFI (Co-chairs and its Technical Support Unit).
Participants made recommendations on available global datasets for the implementation of guidelines, goodpractices for the verification of country-level estimates using global datasets, and good practices for the eventual
use of IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines to assess activities beyond national GHG inventories, such as linkages toadaptation planning and applications within permanent reporting systems and processes.
Experts discussed the development of methodological principles for national GHG inventories within the boundaries
of guidelines, and highlighted the necessity for the application of IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines in GHG reportingand estimation of mitigation achieved by NAMAs, REDD+ activities, and the life cycle assessment (LCA) of specificproducts. Finally, experts considered whether the accurate assessment of mitigation in the AFOLU sector requires
new methodological work including that by the IPCC TFI.
Such new methodological work would be in the context of an emerging focus on mitigation. First, there arechallenges surrounding the quantification of GHG emissions reductions for NAMAs. The UNFCCC has not given
specific guidance on the impact measurement of specific mitigation actions, or whether an emissions factors dataset
tailored to specific mitigations actions is needed. Methodologies are also uncertain on reference level constructionthat will properly quantify deviation from BAU levels and emissions trends. Lastly, methodologies are necessary for8the stratification of national GHG inventories in order to identify subsets for category boundaries, spatial boundaries,
and time boundaries.
The 2014 Expert Meeting had the objective to discuss the use of FAO data and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines
for AFOLU with a view on emerging activities to combat climate change.
Specifically, this involved discussing:••••

How FAO datasets can help in inventory compilation using the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines by
providing activity data, emission factors and other parameters and facilitating quality assurance, quality
control and verification;
How the information on international, predominately FAO, datasets (that were first compiled at a joint FAOIPCC-IFAD meeting in 2009) could be continuously updated and made available to relevant user-groups
for estimating emissions and removals of GHG from the AFOLU sector;
How the FAO datasets and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines could potentially be used for other purposessuch as mitigation analysis for agriculture and land use at national and project scale;
How to effectively develop required capacities to use FAO datasets and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines.

This report

This report summarises the discussions and results of the 2014 Expert Meeting. This includes an update to the
publication about Datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines. It contains sections that
•
•
•
•
•

Explain the Background on expert exchanges about the use of FAO data for national GHG
inventories since 2008 and lay out objective, audience and structure of this report (this section);
Provide Technical background on the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines and their use in the AFOLU
sector, on statistical processes and on mitigation and life-cycle analysis;
Contain a detailed and updated Overview of the FAO datasets and tools and how they can be usedwith IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines in a tabular format;
Identify Conclusions from expert exchange and recommendations for further work at IPCC and FAO
to address national GHG inventory compilers’ emerging data and methodological development needs;
Contain the agenda and the list of participants in the Annex.

9Technical background
IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines and their use in the AFOLU sector

IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines provide methodologies for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources
and removals by sinks of GHGs for the purpose of completing a national GHG inventory. Thus far, the guidelines
developed are as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Revised 1996 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines),
IPCC (1997)
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (GPG
2000), IPCC (2000)
Good Practice Guidance for Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (GPG-LULUCF), IPCC (2003)
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 IPCC Guidelines), IPCC (2006)
2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands(Wetlands Supplement), IPCC (2014)2013 Revised Supplementary Methods and Good Practice Guidance Arising from the Kyoto Protocol (KP
Supplement), IPCC (2014)

GPG2000 and GPG-LULUCF provide elaboration of guidance in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. These two
GPG reports are meant to be used in conjunction with the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. Wetlands Supplement
and KP Supplement provide methodological guidance which is supplementary to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. These
two supplements should be used in conjunction with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
Under the UNFCCC, Annex 1 Parties must use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines to prepare and report their national GHG
inventories for submission in 2015 and onwards, while they were required to use the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
together with GPG2000 and GPG-LULUCF for inventory submission until 2014. Non-Annex 1 Parties should use
the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines and are encouraged to use the GPG2000 and the GPG-LULUCF according to
the decision taken at the 8th Conference of the Parties (COP8) in 2002, but some of them have started using the2006 IPCC Guidelines.
The most common methodological approach followed in the guidelines is to multiply the information on the extent
of human activity within a given period (activity data) with the emissions/removals per unit activity (emission factor).
Emissions or removals = activity data * emission factor.
This basic equation can be modified to include other estimation parameters than emission factors such as changes
in carbon stocks in pools in AFOLU. The methods provided in the guidelines vary in their degree of complexity fromthe simplest ones (tier 1) to more complex methods (tier 3) as explained in Box 1 below.
Thus, along with complexity these methods vary greatly in their data needs. The IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines
also give guidance on the selection of tier, with higher tiers suggested for major sources and sinks. FAOSTAT andother international datasets are relevant for the tier 1 method.
Box 1: Framework of tier structure for AFOLU data. (Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4, Ch.1 for AFOLU, 2006 IPCC.)

Tier 1 methods are designed to be the simplest to use, for which equations and default parameter values (e.g.,
emission and stock change factors) are provided in this volume. Country-specific activity data are needed, but
for tier 1 there are often globally available sources of activity data estimates (e.g., deforestation rates,
agricultural production statistics, global land cover maps, fertilizer use, livestock population data, etc.),
although these data are usually spatially coarse.
Tier 2 can use the same methodological approach as tier 1 but applies emission and stock change factors thatare based on country- or region-specific data, for the most important land-use or livestock categories. Countrydefined emission factors are more appropriate for the climatic regions, land-use systems and livestockcategories in that country. Higher temporal and spatial resolution and more disaggregated activity data are
typically used in tier 2 to correspond with country-defined coefficients for specific regions and specialized landuse or livestock categories.
At tier 3, higher order methods are used, including models and inventory measurement systems tailored toaddress national circumstances, repeated over time, and driven by high-resolution activity data and10disaggregated at sub-national level. These higher order methods provide estimates of greater certainty thanlower tiers. Such systems may include comprehensive field sampling repeated at regular time intervals and/or
GIS-based systems of age, class/production data, soils data, and land-use and management activity data,
integrating several types of monitoring. Pieces of land where a land-use change occurs can usually be tracked
over time, at least statistically. In most cases these systems have a climate dependency, and thus provide
source estimates with inter-annual variability. Detailed disaggregation of livestock population according toanimal type, age, body weight etc., can be used. Models should undergo quality checks, audits, and validations
and be thoroughly documented.

The GHG emissions and removals from the terrestrial ecosystem arise from carbon stock changes in the carbon
pools and from non-CO2 emissions from a variety of sources including biomass burning, soils, livestock entericfermentation and manure management.
IPCC uses six land-use categories to report emissions and removals from land use and land-use conversions:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Forest Land
Cropland
Grassland
Wetlands
Settlements
Other Land

The guidelines provide broad definitions for these categories. This allows countries to use national definitions
depending on national circumstances. IPCC also uses managed land as a proxy for the identification ofanthropogenic emissions and removals. Thus, it is important to note that national definitions may be different frominternationally accepted definitions used by agencies such as FAO.
GHG emissions and removals from each land use include CO2 from biomass, dead organic matter and soils, andnon-CO2 emissions from biomass burning and certain land use specific emissions. CH4 and N2O from livestock
management are estimated by livestock types. While carbon stock changes are estimated by the area or areachange multiplied by the carbon stock changes per unit area, the non-CO2 emissions are generally estimated fromthe emissions factor for a specific gas and source category multiplied by activity data.
Thus, the IPCC methods require information on activity data such as areas/area changes of different land use
categories, population, biomass, and emissions factors, or the data and parameters used to estimate them, suchas biomass stocks per unit area, growth rates, biomass losses per unit area, biomass expansion factors, andlivestock parameters.
According to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, countries may choose one of three approaches for land representation to
obtain and represent information on area/area changes for national GHG inventories. The three approaches are
explained in Box 2 below.
The 2006 IPCC Guidelines use a system of stratification based on climate, ecosystem, soil type, and management
practices to apply emission and stock change factors for estimating biomass, dead organic matter and soil-carbon
stock changes. However, inventory compilers can employ a country-specific classification as well as countryspecific emission and stock change factors for using tier 2 and 3 methods.
Box 2: Approaches to land representation for AFOLU data. (Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4, Ch.3 for AFOLU, 2006 IPCC.)

Approach 1 represents land-use area totals within a defined spatial unit, which is often defined by politicalboundaries, such as a country, province or municipality. Another characteristic of Approach 1 data is that only
the net changes in land-use area can be tracked through time. Consequently, the exact location or pattern of
the land uses is not known within the spatial unit, and moreover the exact changes in land-use categories
cannot be ascertained. Datasets are likely to have been prepared for other purposes, such as forestry or
agricultural statistics. Frequently, several datasets will be combined to cover all national land classifications
and regions of a country. In this case the absence of a unified data system can potentially lead to double

11counting or omission, since the agencies involved may use different definitions of specific land use forassembling their databases.
The essential feature of Approach 2 is that it provides an assessment of both the net losses or gains in thearea of specific land-use categories and what these conversions represent (i.e., changes both from and to acategory). Thus, Approach 2 differs from Approach 1 in that it includes information on conversions between
categories, but is still only tracking those changes without spatially-explicit location data, often based onpolitical boundaries (i.e., locations of specific land use and land-use conversions are not known). Tracking
land-use conversions in this manner will normally require estimation of initial and final land-use categories for
all conversion types, as well as of total area of unchanged land by category. The final result of this Approach
can be presented as a non-spatially-explicit land-use conversion matrix. The matrix form is a compact format
for representing the areas that have come under different conversions between all possible land-use
categories. Existing land-use databases may have sufficient detail for this Approach, or it may be necessary
to obtain data through sampling or other methods. The input data may or may not have originally been spatiallyexplicit (i.e., mapped or otherwise geographically referenced).
Approach 3 is characterized by spatially-explicit observations of land-use categories and land-use
conversions, often tracking patterns at specific point locations and/or using gridded map products, such asderived from remote sensing imagery. The data may be obtained by various sampling, wall-to-wall mapping
techniques, or combination of the two methods.

Statistical processes

Governmental data collection is governed by their statistical systems. These aim to produce a comprehensive setof integrated statistics that are immensely more powerful for users than statistics collected without harmonisation.
For data collection, governments usually rely on national statistics offices (NSO) and a network of statistics bureaus
within other agencies. These are busy with the planning, collecting, analyzing and disseminating of statisticalinformation. Statistical data collection is always meant to be of policy relevance and to guide the governmental
decision-making.
In this context, national GHG inventories are just one set of data that governments collect and their integration
should be straightforward. Integration could concern, for example, the use of ongoing data collection efforts bynational statistics offices for the purposes of national GHG inventories. Nonetheless, in many countries national
GHG inventory compilers do not usually closely collaborate with the national statistics offices. There is therefore
much room for further learning and institutional development.

Mitigation and life-cycle analysis

Mitigation actions and policies for mitigation relating to AFOLU sector are typically concerned with the products
from agriculture and land use. The definitions and categories in the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines are, however,not structured along the lines of products, but along datasets. This is why the national GHG inventory is not typicallyan optimal starting point for discussions about mitigation.
For example, policy-makers interested in mitigation, may be keen to discuss GHG implications of meat production.
The national GHG inventory contains many relevant estimates scattered across the inventory (to name but a few:
enteric fermentation and manure management of animals, grassland in so far as animals are held on pastures,
cropland in so far as fodder is grown as crop, energy in so far as animals are in heated stables or is processed,transport in so far as meat is transported to consumers). All these pieces of information are immensely useful,relevant to meat production and are contained in the national GHG inventory. But information needs to be extracted
and packaged differently to be useful input for defining mitigation approaches.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool that may be used to quantify the environmental impacts of products
and services. Typically, it includes all processes, from cradle-to-grave, along the supply chain of the product. GHG
emissions could be assessed for agriculture and land-use products in an LCA approach too. An LCA could rely on
GHG estimates from a national GHG inventory and repackage such information according to products and servicesof policy relevance.

12

The FAO datasets and tools and how they can be used with IPCC GHG Inventory
Guidelines
This report lists and describes a set of key initiatives at FAO for collecting data and development of tools for use
by GHG inventory compilers. It also includes an updated set of tables with data, sources, and remaining gaps.
Compared to similar tables included in the 2009 report on Datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines, it shows
significant improvements in the availability of data.
Countries’ data collection efforts serve a range of national purposes. Policy relevance is guiding principle fordesign of national statistics. All parts of the national administrations are potential users of such statistics and often
they collect data. National statistics offices coordinate national data collection efforts.
National data collection efforts
National statistics offices

Countries’ data collection efforts

FAO initiatives to provide tools

Normative work at FAO
WCA2020

OpenForis

GLEAM

GlobAllomeTree

LCCS

Data collection initiatives at FAOFRAAQUASTATFAOSTAT
FAO’s corporate data repository
Figure 2: Data collection and tools between FAO and its member countries.
Glo

Data collection, storage and analysis is a key function of FAO. FAOSTAT is FAO’s corporate data repository.
FAOSTAT contains data reported by annual surveys next to dedicated data collection initiatives on areas ofparticular interest.
FAO carries out important normative work with countries. This includes the World Census of Agriculture 2020.
FAO has a range of data collection initiatives with countries of relevance for GHG inventory compilers. These
include the Global Forest Resource Assessment, and AQUATSTAT. While there is some degree of independenceof these initiatives they are all guided by FAO’s corporate approach to data collection as per FAOSTAT. FAOSTAT
stores and disseminates much of the data collected.
There are also various initiatives ongoing at FAO to provide countries with tools that are useful to GHG
inventory compilers. Such tools included the OpenForis, GlobAllomeTree, the Global Livestock Environmental
Accounting Model and the Land Cover Classification System.

13

Key initiatives at FAO for data collection for normative work

The FAOSTAT database is the main FAO corporate repository for statistical data and is accessible online(http://faostat3.fao.org). Generally the data sets are annual data, and are updated on a yearly basis via country
questionnaires. Each data domain in FAOSTAT has its own data collection process and schedule. Generally, datais collected from FAO member countries (Ministries of Agriculture or national statistics offices). Additional data is
obtained from other international organizations that have collected from countries, or from other official sources.
The database is updated annually and contains a chronological time series since 1961.
Regarding land use, this dataset is a product of several independent reporting processes which use partiallyoverlapping land use categories, and therefore the dataset is not totally consistent. The land use dataset contains
a large number of classes and subclasses of agriculture land, for which data are annually collected through aquestionnaire sent to countries. It also contains data on forest area collected through the Global Forest Resources
Assessment reporting process (see below for more detail). Data on forest area are available since 1990. Annual
figures were obtained by linear interpolation between reporting years. Other land is calculated as the total land area
minus agriculture area minus forest area.
The FAOSTAT Emissions Database is an integral part of FAOSTAT. It draws together country-level tier 1
estimates for the major emission categories in agriculture and land use since 1961. The estimates are based on
IPCC 2006 default emission factors and on activity data mostly contained within FAOSTAT and the Global Forest
Resources Assessment. Other international geospatial datasets were used as appropriate, and these are also
made available for download alongside the FAOSTAT Emissions estimates. Metadata explain the approaches forcalculations and their data sources in detail, accessible either from the browse pages of individual subcategories,
or from a dedicated metadata landing page at http://faostat3.fao.org/download/G1/*/E.
Under the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) FAO has collected forest area/forest resources data at
5 to 10 year intervals since 1946. The FRA is based on data that countries provide to FAO in surveys and covers
234 countries and territories. FAO compiles and analyses the information and presents the current status of theworld’s forest resources and their changes over time. The most recent update of FRA data was published in 2010,
and the next update will be in 2015. Forest land use and other forest resource data are provided through the FRA
website, some of which is also incorporated into the FAOSTAT database. In 2015 FAO will release a new data
portal to allow easy access and analysis of FRA data together with other FAO databases.
The variables collected in FRA relevant to greenhouse gas inventories are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Forest area
Planted forest area
Primary forest area
Other wooded land area
Wood removals and woodfuel removals
Afforestation
Reforestation
Forest area designated for production and multiple use
Annual increment
Growing stock (split on broadleaves and conifers)
Biomass (above ground, below ground and dead wood)
Carbon stocks (all five pools)
DisturbanceLand area and forest area burned

Beginning with 1950, the FAO World Census of Agriculture (WCA) collects a global census on agricultural
statistics at least once every decade using standard international concepts, definitions and methodology. The FAO
world programme for the census assists countries by providing guidelines to generate internationally comparable
figures on variable defining structure of agriculture, such as number and area of farms by size, number of livestockby type and age/sex classification, land tenure and land use, crops grown and agricultural inputs. FAO encourages
countries to develop their programmes of censuses and surveys, keeping in view their priorities, practices andresource availability within the framework of a modular approach advocated in WCA 2010. The census is organized14

at least one time every decade and a census report is released. The data is not incorporated in the FAOSTAT
directory. Data is accessible directly from the website (http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-wca).

Initiatives at FAO to provide tools useful for GHG inventory compilers

The FAOSTAT Emissions Analysis Tools support countries’ GHG inventory compilation. Among other things,
the online tools draw on a comparison between national GHG inventory data provided to the UNFCCC via National
Communications with tier 1 estimates of the FAOSTAT Emissions Database. For countries at the beginning of theirinventory process, the emissions analysis tools can be used to identify data gaps and thus help plan actions
necessary to improve their inventories. For countries that already have a robust GHG inventory process in place,the tools can be used to perform QA/QC operations. The tools allows the user to verify it’s emissions with the
FAOSTAT Emissions Database.
The Global Livestock Environmental Accounting Model (GLEAM) is a GIS-based model for livestock production
activities and related resource flows in all countries. The necessary inputs of the model are land-based feed
resources that are available and the livestock numbers and population with live weights. The GLEAM model gives
as an output the feed basket and animal nutrient requirements (gross energy intake) which will determine the feedintake of an animal and therefore it’s subsequent emission. It covers the main eleven global livestock commodities
and predominant production systems from cradle to retail point, and includes the main GHG emissions categories.
Data categories (emissions estimates) populated using FAOSTAT (mainly tier 1) GLEAM (higher tier levels) may
include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Annual Livestock Population
Manure Excreted (N content)
Climate region or temperature
Manure management systems
Livestock Population
Livestock distribution
Livestock population by age/gender
Live-weights by livestock sub-categories
Mature Weight
Average weight gain per day
Average Daily milk production
Fat content% of female pregnant
Wool production
Offspring

The Global Land Cover Network (GLCN) initiative is the result of a common effort of partners and sponsors to
respond to the international community’s need for a standardized global land cover database. Its objectives include
the harmonization of land cover definition, classification systems, mapping and monitoring specifications, and theongoing construction of a global database, among others. The GLCN developed an internationally agreed
standardized classification system for land cover, the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS). This system isalso recommended as a tool that serves to countries to classify their national forest cover according to aninternational standardized classification. The GLCN covers global products, meanly land cover maps and theirunderlying met-data. All project outcomes are digital and readily to upload in a geographic information system
software (http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home).
GlobAllomeTree is the first international web platform for tree allometric equations. Created in 2013, the platform
responds to increasing requests for forest-resource assessments. GlobAllomeTree provides allometric equationsfor (currently 57) countries worldwide, from boreal forests to tropical rainforests. As an auxiliary tool, it may be usedin emissions estimates of Carbon stock density—living biomass under the IPCC Forest Land category. Throughthe website all datasets can be accessed (http://www.globallometree.org/). GlobAllomeTree has been developedby FAO. However, it has not been incorporated into the FAOSTAT.

15

FAO operates a programme of support to National Forest Monitoring and Assessment (NFMA) since the year
2000. The programme responds to country requests for enhanced forest data acquisition and assisting them insetting up and organising multipurpose national forest monitoring and assessment systems.
The adopted methodology covers variables both biophysical and socio-economic attributes of forest and data iscollected on socio-economic themes on non-forest land also. The data collected and variable definitions areharmonized with international standards, in particular with FAO's Global Forest Resource Assessment (FRA), theLand Cover Classification System (LCCS) and the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines.
Several countries have completed a national forest inventory with FAO support: Cameroon, Comoros, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, Gambia, Guatemala, Honduras, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Nicaragua, Philippines, Tanzania, and Zambia. In
addition, country projects are currently on-going in: Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Colombia, Congo,
DRC, Ethiopia, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, PNG, Viet Nam, and Zambia (phase II).
Under the umbrella of this programme, FAO developed software tools to enable easy forest management. Open
Foris is a set of free and open-source software tools that facilitates flexible and efficient data collection, analysis
and reporting. It includes Collect, Collect Mobile, Calc, Collect Earth and a Geospatial Toolkit. All software tools
and the corresponding tutorials are downloadable from the website (http://www.openforis.org/home.html).
•••

Open Foris Collect Earth is a tool that uses Google Earth, Bing Maps and Google Earth Engine to enable
data collection and analysis of high resolution satellite imagery for a number of purposes, including multiphase National Forest Inventories, land-use assessments, agricultural and urban area monitoring, and thequantification of deforestation, reforestation, and desertification.
Open Foris Calc is a robust tool for data analysis and results calculation. The input data and metadata
come from Open Foris Collect and Calc provides a flexible way to produce aggregated results which canbe analyzed and visualized through the open source software Saiku. Calc allows expert users to write
custom R modules to perform calculations working with a variety of sampling designs.
Open Foris Geospatial Toolkit is a collection of command-line utilities for processing of geographicaldata. It aims to simplify the complex process of transforming raw satellite imagery for automatic image
processing to produce valuable information. It is particularly useful for processing big amounts of raster
data, and provides a wide range of functionalities including image manipulation, statistics, segmentationand classification.

Structure of data tables with activity data and emission estimates

Activity data and emission estimates available at FAO have been collected into overview tables for the purpose ofthis report. A distinction was made for data from agriculture and from land use. Six tables collect information on
agriculture, respectively enteric fermentation, manure management, rice, agricultural soils, savannah burning andother data. Another six tables collect information on land use, respectively forest land, grassland, cropland, wetland,
other land and settlements. A last table is a collection of emission and stock factor databases, where all factors arefor estimation of emissions from forest land and grassland. The tier 2 approach uses a variety of factors (feed intake,digestibility of animals, etc.), no particular effort has been made by FAO to collect this data on a global level.
All tables have a consistent structure. Some categories are further subdivided, for example that is the case for
agricultural soils. The table includes factors for emissions from synthetic fertilizers, manure, etc. Often a table is
not further subdivided in IPCC categories. For each category a description is given for the required informationneeded to be able to calculate the emission for the specific IPCC category. The datasets that FAO provides arethen further distinguished between activity data and emission estimate. For each activity data and emission
estimate it is indicated if the dataset is useful for a methodology of tier1 and approach1 or for higher tiers andapproaches. For each IPCC category references, auxiliary tools and ancillary data are provided if available.
The tables are online available with clickable links to the respective datasets.

Tables with data for use by national GHG inventory compilers in the agriculture sector
In the agriculture sector, emission sources and data requirements are broken down as follows:•••Enteric fermentation
Manure management
Rice

16

•
•
•

Agricultural soils
Savannah burning
Other agriculture

The guidelines provide methods for estimation of emissions of methane from enteric fermentation and methaneand nitrous oxide from manure management. The estimation methods require the basic definition of livestock
subcategories for tier 1 methods and subcategories based on enhanced characterization for the higher tier methods.
Accordingly the tier 1 methods require only the annual average population of the basic subcategories along with
the IPCC default emission factors while higher tier methods require the annual average population of thesubcategories from the enhanced characterization and other data such as feed intake data for enteric fermentationand manure management system usage data for manure management.
For the estimation of emissions from rice cultivation, there are detailed data required on the management practices.
Next to areas, these include the water regime and, importantly, the amount of organic amendments and otherfertilisers to farming systems.
The guidelines provide methods for the estimation of direct and indirect N2O from agricultural soils; indirect N2Oemissions take place due to volatilization/re-deposition, leaching and runoff. There are also methods for otheragriculture CO2 emissions from application of lime and urea to the soils. The activity data required for N2Oemission estimation is the amount of N input to the soil from synthetic N fertilizers, organic N (e.g. animal manure,compost, sewage etc.), crop residue and N mineralization. The N input is obtained from annual synthetic (mineral)
fertilizer application data, the annual harvested dry matter yield, area harvested for various crops, area of crops
burnt and some other parameters. The emissions from urea application require the data on annual application of
urea and lime.
To estimate emissions from savannah burning a range of data are required. Among the data, the area burned byland cover type or ecosystem is a prerequisite. Preferably this information is available on a spatial basis. The
emission factor is the combustion factor for each stratum. This combustion factor is related to the above groundbiomass stock of the stratum.

17Enteric fermentation
Table 1: Overview of databases available at FAO containing activity data to estimate GHG emissions from enteric fermentation. Gray shaded cells indicate that data items are not needed for respective
level. Those data items with a (*) are not available online and the specified FAO division should be contacted. Those data items with a (**) are geospatial activity data.

Required information

Activity data
Tier 1Higher tiers

Emission estimates
Tier 1

References

Higher tiers

Not available

FAO GHG Report

Livestock distribution

FAOSTATFAOSTAT GHG
ManualLivestock population byage/gender

By Country, Year 2005
(AGAL*)

Geonetwork: The
Gridded Livestock of
the World

Live-weights bylivestock subcategories

By Country, Year 2005
(AGAL*)

AGAL, Life cycle
assessment reportruminants 2005

Mature weight

By Country, Year 2005
(AGAL*)

Average weight gain
per day

By Country, Year 2005
(AGAL*)

Average daily milk
production

FAOSTAT

Livestock population

Fat content

FAOSTAT

Auxiliary tools

GLEAM Model
GHG Estimates(AGAL*)

FAOSTAT

AGAL, Life cycle
assessment reportchickens and pigs
2005
Tackling Climate
Change throughLivestock

By Country, Year 2005
(AGAL*)

18

FAOSTAT
Emissions
Analysis Tools

AncillarydataBy Country, Year 2005
(AGAL*)
FAOSTAT
By Country, Year 2005
(AGAL*)% of female pregnant
Wool production
Offspring
Manure management

Table 2: Overview of databases available at FAO containing activity data to estimate GHG emissions from manure management. Gray shaded cells indicate that data items are not needed forrespective level. Those data items with a (*) are not available online and the specified FAO division should be contacted. Those data items with a (**) are geospatial activity data.

Required information

Activity data
Tier 1

Annual livestock
population

FAOSTAT

Manure excreted (Ncontent)

FAOSTAT

Climate region ortemperature
Manure management
systems

Higher tiers

Emission estimates
Tier 1

Auxiliary tools

Higher tiers
FAO GHG Report

Not available

FAOSTAT Georeferenced Data**

References

FAOSTATGLEAM Model
GHG Estimates(AGAL*)

By subcategories andCountry, Year2005 (AGAL*)

19

FAOSTAT GHG
ManualFAO - GAEZFAOSTAT
Emissions Analysis
Tools

Ancillary data

Rice cultivation
Table 3: Overview of databases available at FAO containing activity data to estimate GHG emissions from rice cultivation. Gray shaded cells indicate that data items are not needed for respective
level. Those data items with a (*) are not available online and the specified FAO division should be contacted. Those data items with a (**) are geospatial activity data.

Required
information

Activity data
Tier 1Harvested area

Higher tiers

Emission estimates
Tier 1

FAOSTATFAOSTATNot
availableNotavailableNotavailableNotavailable

Amount of organic
amendments

NotavailableNotavailable

Duration ofcultivation

NotavailableNotavailable

Soil type

Not
availableNotavailable

Rice cultivar

NotavailableNotavailable

Harvested area by
each rice
management system
Type of irrigation
system / rainfed

Not available

References

Auxiliary tools

Ancillary data

Higher tiers
AQUASTAT Crop
CalendarNot available

20

FAOSTAT Emissions
Analysis Tools

Agricultural soils
Table 4: Overview of databases available at FAO containing activity data to estimate GHG emissions from agricultural soils. Gray shaded cells indicate that data items are not needed for respective
level. Those data items with a (*) are not available online and the specified FAO division should be contacted. Those data items with a (**) are geospatial activity data.

IPCC category

Required
information

Activity data
Tier 1Higher tiers

Emission estimates
Tier 1

References

Higher tiers

Synthetic
fertilizer

Fertilizer use(consumption
in nutrients)

FAOSTATNot available

FAOSTATNot available

FAO GHG Report

Manure left on
pastureAmount of total
N in manure

FAOSTATNot available

FAOSTATNot available

FAOSTAT GHG
ManualManure applied
to soils

Amount of total
N in manure
Area ofcultivatedorganic soils
N content incrop Residue
Biomassburned(combustion
factor)Area and yieldby crop

FAOSTATNot available

FAOSTATNot available

FAOSTATFAOSTAT
Georeferenced
Data**

FAOSTATNot available

FAOSTATNot available

FAOSTATNot available

Cultivatedhistosols
Crop residues
Field burning ofagriculturalresidues

FAOSTATNot available
Not available

FAOSTATNot available
Not available

21

Auxiliarytools

Harmonized World
Soil Database

FAOSTAT
Emissions
Analysis Tools

AncillarydataAbove information by each crop
management system

Not available /country
specific

Not available/ country
specific

Not available /country specificNot available /country specific

Savannah burning
Table 5: Overview of databases available at FAO containing activity data to estimate GHG emissions from savannah burning. Gray shaded cells indicate that data items are not needed for respective
level. Those data items with a (*) are not available online and the specified FAO division should be contacted. Those data items with a (**) are geospatial activity data.

Required
information

Activity data
Tier 1

Area burned by land
cover
Biomass burned byland cover /ecosystem typeCombustion factor byland cover /ecosystem type

FAOSTATFAOSTATNot available

Higher tiers

Emission estimates
Tier 1

FAOSTAT
Georeferenced
Data**
FAOSTAT
Georeferenced
Data**

FAOSTATNot available

Not
available

References

Auxiliary
tools

Higher tiers
Not available
Not available
Not available

22

GFED
FAOSTAT
Emissions
Analysis
Tools

AncillarydataOther agriculture
Table 6: Overview of databases available at FAO containing activity data to estimate GHG emissions from other agricultural activities. Gray shaded cells indicate that data items are not needed forrespective level. Those data items with a (*) are not available online and the specified FAO division should be contacted. Those data items with a (**) are geospatial activity data.

IPCC
category

Required
information

Activity data
Tier 1LimingUrea

Amount of liming(for total land)
Liming by crop
management
systemAmount of urea
application
Urea by crop
management
systemHigher tiers

Emission estimates
Tier 1Higher tiers

Not available

Not available

Not available

Not available

Not available

Not available

Not available

Not available

FAOSTATNot available

Not available

Not available

Not available
Not available

23

Not available

References

Auxiliary
tools

AncillarydataTables with data for use by national GHG inventory compilers in the land-use sector

For land use, emission sources and data requirements are broken down by the six land-use categories. Within theland-use categories, sub-categories can be defined. The six main categories are the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Forest land
Grassland
CroplandWetlands
Settlements
Other land

For the assessment of land use, the most important data items include:••

Land representation, that is a set of definitions for management systems within land-use categories andsub-categories, following a stratification by climate and soil types, next to a land-use conversion matrix
representing areas and area changes
Emission factor data for land use, chiefly carbon density estimates for all land-use categories and subcategories and across several carbon pools

The data for land representation include the land use definitions and a corresponding land-use conversion matrix.
Land-use definitions are required for land-use categories and sub-categories next to management system. The
FAO datasets relate to a breakdown of land-use categories at a global level and employ globally-valid definitions
based on the Land Cover Classification System. They reflect the IPCC’s six main land-use categories and its default
stratification by climate and soil types. Definitions are, however, highly dependent on the context of individual
countries and will usually follow the structure of nationally-available datasets. FAO land area definitions are often
reflecting the land cover rather than the land-use. FAO needs to improve to assist countries to harmonize national
land cover maps and turn them into land use maps that are suitable for IPCC reporting. The same is true formanagement systems that reflect to the specifics of how crops are grown and grasslands are managed. There is
not yet information available at the FAO on typical management systems within countries.
Currently available data at FAO mainly relate to areas of land-use categories at certain time points. This allows for
applying approach 1 to land representation. For applying IPCC’s approach 2 to land representation a land-use
conversion matrix is required that lists areas that remain and areas that change between inventory time-points.
There are not yet regionally differentiated land-use conversion matrices available at FAO.
Emission factor data for land use include, most importantly, carbon density estimates for the land-use categories
and sub-categories are the most important emission factors for the national GHG inventory of land use and landuse change. Such carbon density estimates are required for the carbon pools of vegetation. Definitions are highly
dependent on the national context, and so are the carbon densities of individual land-use categories, sub-categories
and management systems. Nonetheless, there are some emission factor data available at FAO.

24

Land representation
Table 7: Overview of databases available at FAO containing activity data and methods for land representation. Gray shaded cells indicate that data items are not needed for respective level. Those
data items with a (*) are not available online and the specified FAO division should be contacted. Those data items with a (**) are geospatial activity data.

Required information

Activity data
Tier 1 /approach 1

Land categories (forest
land)

FAOSTATDefinitions and data
sources

Auxiliary tools

Ancillary data

Higher tiers andapproaches

Not available

Land categories (allcategories)

FRA

Collect Earth (Open Foris)

FAOSTAT GHG
ManualLand Cover Classification
SystemSoil classification

Harmonized World Soil Database**

Vegetation types

FAO - GAEZManaged vs. unmanaged
lands

Not available

Not available

Not available

Reforestation

FRA

Not available

FRA

Collect Earth (Open Foris)

Annual / perennial crops

FAOSTATNot available

FAOSTATLand Cover Classification
SystemGrassland area woody /herbaceous

FRA (otherwooded land)

Not available

Not available

Primary / secondary /planted forest class

FRA

Not available

FRA

Collect Earth (Open Foris)

25

Global land cover network

Global Land CoverSHARE (GLC-Share)

Gross deforestation(anthropogenic vs. notanthropogenic

Not available

FRA

FRA

Collect Earth (Open Foris)

Afforestation (anthropogenic
vs. not anthropogenic)

Not available

FRA

FRA

Collect Earth (Open Foris)

Productive vs. nonproductive forest class

FRA

Not available

FRA

Forest Disturbance Class

FRA

Not available

FRA

Rainfed / irrigated croplands

FAOSTATNot available

FAOSTAT

Cropland area bymanagement practices (e.g.
degree of tillage, organic
matter inputs, etc)

Not available

Not available

Not available

Grassland area unimproved/ improved

Not available

Not available

Not available

Cultivated organic soils

FAOSTAT
Georeferenced
Data**

Not available

FAOSTAT GHG
ManualPeatland burning (areaaffected)

Not available

FAOSTAT

GFED

GFED

26

FAOSTAT Emissions
Analysis Tools

Peatland burning (biomass
burned)Not available

FAOSTATGFED

Harvested wood products

FAOSTATNot available

FAO yearbook offorest products

FAOSTAT Emissions
Analysis Tools

GFED

Emission factor data for land use
Table 8: Overview of databases available at FAO containing emission factor data to estimate GHG emissions from land use. Gray shaded cells indicate that data items are not needed for respective
level. Those data items with a (*) are not available online and the specified FAO division should be contacted. Those data items with a (**) are geospatial activity data.

IPCC category

Required
information

Carbon stock data
Tier 1 /approach 1

Forest land

Definitions anddata sources

Auxiliary tools

Higher tiers andapproaches

Living biomass C
stocksFRA

FRA

Annual increment

FRA

FRA

Growing stock(broadleaves vs.
conifers)

FRA

FRA

Calc (Open Foris)

DOM C stock

FRA

FRA

Calc (Open Foris)

SOM C stocks

FRA

FRA

FAO soil portal

27

GlobAllomeTree

Ancillary data

Grassland (otherwooded land)

CroplandWood removals

FRA

FRA

Fuelwood

FRA

FRA

Living biomass C
stocksFRA

FRA

GlobAllomeTree

Growing stock(broadleaves vs.
conifers)

FRA

FRA

Calc (Open Foris)

DOM C stock

FRA

FRA

Calc (Open Foris)

SOM C stocks

FRA

FRA

FAO soil portal

SOM C stocks

Not available

FAO soil portal

28

Conclusions from expert exchange and recommendations for further work
The Expert Meeting collected a set of conclusions and recommendations. As per the topic of the event, these focus
on the use of FAO data and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines for agriculture and land use, given rapidly emerging
activities to combat climate change.

Discussions on emerging data and methodological development needs

Conclusions and recommendations were gathered through two days of technical sessions, discussions in breakout
groups and a concluding plenary. Notably, there were discussion sessions on emerging data and methodologicaldevelopment needs that delivered important conclusions and basis for developing recommendations in the plenary.
The discussion session on emerging data needs focused on the following topics:••

Data gaps with a view on activity data chiefly regarding past and potential future land-use change,
including the access to remote sensing data and regional data, andInstitutional coordination between data producers and GHG expert communities and other users.

Generally, it emerged from the discussion that FAO has effectively followed up on an Expert Meeting in 2009 thatrecommended to make available activity data for AFOLU national GHG inventories in a structured manner.
Directions for further possible work at FAO around quantifying mitigation also emerged from discussion that arecontained in the below conclusions and recommendations. These should be considered in the context of
implementing ongoing work at FAO on GHG-relevant statistical data and analysis tools in coordination between
relevant divisions, including statistics, natural resources, forestry and agriculture.
The discussion session on methodological development needs focused on the following topics:•

The application of the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines for planning, and assessing results of, mitigation
actions including REDD+ activities and NAMAs, and also for life-cycle assessments of specific products.

and•The need and possibility of development of additional methodological guidance for NAMA
quantification/AFOLU mitigation, taking into account the current boundary of the IPCC GHG Inventory
Guidelines.

Generally, it emerged from the discussion that the methodological guidance in the current IPCC GHG Inventory
Guidelines is relevant and can be a basis for quantifying mitigation. Some more guidance or advice to address
issues associated with mitigation quantification and LCA would be useful and possible. How to develop and deliver
such guidance or advice needs further consideration, taking into account the IPCC TFI’s on-going work as well as
relevant work undertaken by other organizations or programmes.

Conclusions

The meeting delivered the following conclusions:
1. FAOSTAT contains a set of activity data allowing for compiling a complete national GHG inventory for
AFOLU using default emission factors. The tables contained in this report lay out in detail how FAOSTAT
can be used by national GHG inventory compilers. The FAOSTAT Emissions Database contains thecorresponding set of country-by-country emission estimates.
2. There are not currently available adequate international data sources on mitigation actions; there aregaps both with regards to emission factors and activity data, chiefly information about land-use change.
Although data within FRA allows the application of approach 1 to land representation, this is of only limited
utility for assessing results of mitigation actions. In addition, the IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB)
does not currently include information related to mitigation actions specifically.
3. Countries do not always employ consistent definition frameworks for land use and land cover. Somecountries lack agreed definition frameworks leading to inconsistent data on land use and land cover.
Internationally available frameworks include FAO’s Land-Cover Classification System. Continued capacity
development on employing methodological guidance may be necessary and useful.

29

4. There is not currently available comprehensive methodological guidance on estimating impacts ofmitigation policies. Existing guidance in the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines concentrates on thenational GHG inventory. Although the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines is relevant and can be a basis forquantifying mitigation, some more guidance or advice is necessary in order to address issues associatedwith mitigation quantification.
5. There is not currently available comprehensive and universally-accepted methodological guidance onbuilding reference emission levels. Countries need to engage in building reference emission levels forland use in the context of REDD+ where such guidance could be used.
6. There is not currently available comprehensive methodological guidance on stratifying national GHG
inventory estimates according to the boundaries of mitigation actions. This is a barrier for using
national GHG inventories for tracking results of mitigation actions.
7. Life-cycle assessments for agricultural and forest products is useful to guide national mitigation
approaches. However, currently national GHG inventory information cannot be directly or easily used as
there is no guidance available on how national GHG inventory information relates to life-cycle
assessments.
8. Several agencies have made available a range of new tools and methodological guidance in supportof national GHG inventory planning, preparation and evaluation and which are complementary to the IPCC
GHG Inventory Guidelines. The GFOI has made available a Method and Guidance Document laying out
how to use the guidelines for the MRV of REDD+, including information on the use of remotely-sensed
information. FAO has made available a database on allometric equations, GlobAllomeTree. FAO has also
made available within FAOSTAT a complete set of country-by-country inventory estimates that national
GHG inventory compilers can use for quality assurance, quality control and verification.
9. Institutional coordination on national GHG inventories between the institutions leading their
compilation and national statistics offices is at an early stage in many developing countries. There may beuntapped synergies where national statistics offices could make available more and better data as input
for national GHG inventories. National statistics offices may also support quality control and archiving
national GHG inventory data.
10. Providing easy access to country-level data on exposure to dangerous climate change would be a useful
input for adaptation planning. Notably, this includes socio-economic data such as data related to foodsecurity. FAO has relevant data available but their provision is not currently tailored to the requirementsof adaptation planning.
11. FAO has much relevant data available for a global-level analysis of linkages among GHG emissions
and food security and adaptation. Such a global-level analysis could provide important inputs to national
development of climate-change related policies and measures, including mitigation actions. Data are notcurrently tailored for this specific need.

Recommendations on further work

Based on the above conclusions, the meeting delivered the following recommendations:
1. FAO should build further on the utility of FAOSTAT as a data portal both for activity data and foremission estimates. Further data becoming available for use in national GHG inventories should
continue being included in the FAOSTAT database. Additional data collection efforts should be oriented
towards the process of FAOSTAT as the corporate tool for providing access to information. This
recommendation is based on conclusions about FAOSTAT and about institutional coordination on national
GHG inventories.
2. FAO should explore the feasibility of providing information on the direction of land-use changes.
This could be done through regional land-use conversion matrices and typologies of land-use changes.
Such information would allow for assessing drivers of land-use change and provide important input forestablishing reference levels. One context where this could be approached is the ongoing data-collection
efforts under the FRA program. This recommendation is based on conclusions about FAOSTAT, aboutdata sources on mitigation actions, and about new tools and methodological guidance.
3. Approaches for basing reference emission scenarios on food supply and demand projections
should be explored. This could be done by using FAO’s agricultural outlook studies as a starting point
as these would provide the most important activity data underlying GHG calculations. This
recommendation is based on conclusions about building reference emission levels.

30

4. A dialogue between relevant technical agencies and statistics offices, at both the national andinternational levels should be promoted, to address current needs for national and sub-national
GHG information, for use in national analysis, including inventories. FAO is uniquely positioned tocoordinate such a dialogue because it has a network of contacts with national statistics offices and also
expertise on national GHG inventory data and methodologies. This recommendation is based on
conclusions about institutional coordination on national GHG inventories.
5. Capacity development on national GHG reporting processes linking to food security
considerations continues being relevant, in particular with a view on the use of existing datasetsand methodological guidance. This is relevant regarding the definition frameworks for land use and land
cover, which would target harmonizing different data sources and data at different scales. This is also
relevant regarding newly available datasets, including those contained in FAOSTAT and its FAOSTATEmissions Database. This is also relevant regarding tools and complementary methodological guidance
to the IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines. This recommendation is based on conclusions about definition
frameworks for land use and land cover.
6. FAO should explore how data in the corporate repositories provide useful input for mitigation
analysis. This could use methodologies commonly used in life-cycle analysis as a starting point togenerate indicators on GHG implications of land use and its products. This would also draw on reference
emissions scenarios. This recommendation is based on conclusions about life-cycle assessment andabout estimating impacts of mitigation policies.
7. Further consideration of the linkages among GHG emissions and food security and adaptation
would be useful. This report covers some relevant information. International analysis on the Food security- adaptation - GHG emissions nexus relevant to country circumstances would be possible and useful.
Based on such analysis, non-prescriptive methodological advice may be given. This recommendation isbased on conclusions about data on exposure and about linkages among GHG emissions and foodsecurity and adaptation.
8. Exchange of data and information should be enhanced between IPCC and other agencies
providing data, methodologies and capacity development. Enhancing cooperation among IPCC andother agencies undertaking relevant activities such as the FAO and GFOI may facilitate tapping synergies
on capacity-development efforts given differences in institutional approaches and mandates. This
recommendation is based on conclusions about new tools and methodologies and about definition
frameworks for land use and land cover.
9. IPCC should facilitate access to newly available data sources for activity data and emission factors,
as well as complementary tools and methodological guidance. To help national GHG inventory
compilers and to promote the use of IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines by them, it is desirable that IPCC
consider linking to external information resources such as FAO and GFOI. It is also worth considering thepossible utility of integrating emission factors for mitigation actions into the IPCC Emission Factor
Database (EFDB). This recommendation is based on conclusions about FAOSTAT, about international
data sources on mitigation actions, and about new tools and methodological guidance, and about data on
exposure.
10. It would be useful for the IPCC to further consider the utility and possibility of additional guidanceon issues relevant for mitigation actions. There is not currently comprehensive guidance available on
the principles to underlie building reference emission levels, on stratifying national GHG inventory
estimates according to the boundaries of mitigation actions, on estimating impacts of mitigation policies,
and on life-cycle assessment for agricultural and forest products. This recommendation is based on
conclusions about stratifying inventory estimates according to the boundaries of mitigation actions, aboutbuilding reference emission levels, about life-cycle assessment, and about estimating impacts of mitigation
policies.

31

Annex 1: References
IPCC 1997, Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Volumes 1, 2 and 3.
Houghton, J.T., Meira Filho, L.G., Lim, B., Tréanton, K., Mamaty, I., Bonduki, Y., Griggs, D.J. and Callander, B.A.
(Eds). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), IPCC/OECD/IEA, Paris, France.
IPCC 2000, Good Practice Guidance and Uncertianty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Penman, J., Kruger, D., Galbally, I., Hiraishi, T., Nyenzi, B., Enmanuel, S., Buendia, L., Hoppaus, R., Martinsen,T., Meijer, J., Miwa, K. and Tanabe, K. (Eds). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
IPCC/OECD/IEA/IGES, Hayama, Japan.
IPCC 2003, Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, land-Use Change and Forestry. Penman, J., Gytarsky, M.,
Hiraishi, T., Kruger, D., Pipatti, R., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., Tanabe, K. and Wagner, F. (Eds).
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), IPCC/IGES, Hayama, Japan.
IPCC 2010, Datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines, eds: Eggleston H.S., Srivastava N., Tanabe K., BaasansurenJ., Meeting Report of the IPCC – FAO – IFAD Expert Meeting on FAO Data for LULUCF/AFOLU Rome, Italy, 2022 October, 2009, Pub. IGES, Hayama, Japan.
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES,
Japan.
IPCC 2014, 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands,
Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda, M. and Troxler, T.G. (eds). Published:
IPCC, Switzerland.
IPCC 2014, 2013 Revised Supplementary Methods and Good Practice Guidance Arising from the Kyoto Protocol,
Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda, M. and Troxler, T.G. (eds). Published:
IPCC, Switzerland.

32Annex 2: List of participants
Ms/MrFirst Name

Last Name

Position

Organization

Mr

David Buluku

Adegu

Water & Natural Resources /Climate Change Secretariat

Ministry of Environment of
Kenya

Mr

Andry

Andriantseheno

Statistician

United Nations Economic
Commission for Africa

Mr

IlliasAnimonForestry Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Pedro

Arcuri

Liaison Officer for Europe

Embrapa

Mr

Francisco
Luis

Aviña
Cervantes

Head of Department of Studies on
Socioeconomic Impacts of
Climate Change

National Institute of Ecology
and Climate Change(INECC), Mexico

Mr

Riccardo

Biancalani

Natural Resources Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

Viorel Nelu
Bellmondo

BlujdeaDr.

Forest Research andManagement Institute

Mr

Luigi

Boschetti

Prof.

University of Idaho

Mr

Richard A.

Bourbonniere

Water Science & Technology
Directorate, Research Scientist

Environment Canada

Mr

Johannes

BroetzGHG inventory expert

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

Tegshjargal

Bumtsend

Natural Resources Officer

Climate Change
Coordination Office

Ms

Paola

Cardenas

Food Security Consultant

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Brian

CarismaStatistician

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

SilviaCerilli

Economist/statistician

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

YujuanChen

Junior Professional Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Carolyn

Ching

AFOLU Manager

Verified Carbon Standard
(VCS)

33

Mr

Paulo

Cornejo

GHG Inventories and Mitigation
Officer

Ministry of Environment of
Chile

Mr

Philippe

Crete

Forestry Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

Nguyen Mong

Cuong

Research Centre for Climate
Change and Sustainable
Development, Director

The Consultative Institutefor Socio-Economic
Development of Rural andMountainous Areas

Ms

Giorgia

DeSantis

Statistical Clerk

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

CarolaFabi

Statistician

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

SandroFederici

International Climate Policy
Consultant

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Alessandro

FerraraGHG Monitoring and Assessment
Consultant

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

YelenaFinegold

Support spatial modelling ofReference Levels for REDD+

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Alessandro

Flammini

Specialist in GHG Emissions andEnergyFood and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Maya

Fukuda

IPCC Taskforce on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI), Technical Support Unit
(TSU), Programme Officer

Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies(IGES)Mr

ConradGeorgeSenior Expert Global Climate
Change Policy

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Adam

GerrandNatural Resources Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

GiacomoGrassi

Ms

Kakoli

GhoshCoordinator

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

G.H. Sabin

GuendehouDr.

Benin Centre for Scientificand Technical Research

European Commission,
Joint Research Centre
(JRC)

34

Mr

MatieuHenry

Forestry Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Taka

Hiraishi

IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI), Co-chair

Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies(IGES)

Ms

Heather

JacobsClimate Change Consultant

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Baasansuren

Jamsranjav

IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI), Technical Support Unit
(TSU), Programme Officer

Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies(IGES)Mr

Shijo

JosephDr.

Center for International
Forestry Research (CIFOR)

Mr

Eun

Kang

Support to various Treaty
activities on Benefit-sharing Fund

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Åsa

KasimirDr.

University of Gothenburg

Mr

Vladimir
Nikolaevich

Korotkov

Head of Laboratory

Institute of Global Climate
and Ecology

Ms

ThelmaKrug

IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI), Co-chair

Instituto Nacional dePesquisas Espaciais (INPE)

Mr

GernotLagandaDirector (acting) Environment andClimate DivisionInternational Fund for
Agricultural Development(IFAD)Mr

Keith

LasseyDr.

Lassey Research &Education

Mr

KennethMacDicken

Senior Forestry Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

Mesheck

Malo

Technical Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

GiulioMarchi

Geospatial Analyst and Trainer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Toru

Matsumoto

IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI), Technical Support Unit
(TSU), IT Officer

Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies(IGES)

35

Mr

RobertMayo

Senior Economist/Statistician
Consultancy

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

EstherMertens

GHG Inventory Expert

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Carl P. (Mick)

Meyer

Dr.

Commonwealth Scientificand Industrial Research
Organisation (CSIRO)

Ms

Koh

Mikuni

IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI), Technical Support Unit
(TSU), AssistantInstitute for Global
Environmental Strategies(IGES)Mr

DaniloMollicone

Forestry Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

SimonaMosco

Statistical Clerk

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Anne

MottetLivestock Policy Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Eriko

Nakamura

IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI), Technical Support Unit
(TSU), AssistantInstitute for Global
Environmental Strategies(IGES)

Mr

RasackNayamuth

Regional Project Coordinator

ESA

Mr

Till

Neeff

Climate Change Expert

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Constance

Neely

Mr

Dirk

NemitzAssociate Programme Officer

UNFCCCMr

Rafael

Novoa

Ph.D.

University of Chile

Ms

Katja

OehmichenDr.

Thünen Institute of Forest
Ecosystems

Mr

StephenMichaelOgle

Natural Resource Ecology
Laboratory, Senior Scientist

Colorado State University

Ms

BiancaPapi

Statistician

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Eric

Patrick

Adaptation Specialist

International Fund for
Agricultural Development(IFAD)

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

36

Ms

Anu

Peltola

Statistician

UN Economic Commission
for Europe

Mr

Jim

PenmanHonorary Professor

Environment
Institute, University College
London (UCL)

Ms

AngelaPiersante

Statistician

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Paulina

PrasułaClimate Change Consultant

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Paolo

Prosperi

GHG Monitoring and Assessment
Consultant

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

Selvaraju

Ramasamy

Natural Resources Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

Nijavalli H.

RavindranathProf.

Centre for Sustainable
Technologies, Indian
Institute of Science

Ms

Janie

Rioux

Natural Resources Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

Renato deAragãoRibeiroRodriguesDr.

Brazilian Agriculture
Research Corporation(EMBRAPA)Mr

SimoneRossi

Joint Research Centre
(JRC)

Mr

SebastianRüter

Thünen Institute of Wood
Research

Ms

MirellaSalvatore

Statistician

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

CarlosRobertoSanquetta

Prof.

Federal University of
ParanaMs

María José

Sanz Sánchez

Programme Coordinator

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

AlfonsoSanchezPausDiaz

Forest Inventory Database
Developer and Trainer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Marieke

SandkerInternational expert to supportmodelling of Reference Levels

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

37

Mr

Josef

Schmidhuber

Deputy Director

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Maria Helena

SemedoDeputy Director - General

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

ZoltánSomogyiPh.D, Associate Professor

Hungarian Forest ResearchInstitute

Ms

Doris

Soto

Senior Agriculture Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

KiyotoTanabe

IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI), Technical Support Unit
(TSU), Head

Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies(IGES)Mr

Edger

TeenstraKnowledge Management Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Mr

Francesco

Tubiello

Natural Resources Officer andProject Coordinator

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)Mr

AimableUwizeyeNutrient use efficiency in livestock
supply chains

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

MarinaVitullo

Mr

Ren

Wang

Mr

Tom

Wirth

Ms

Julia

Wolf

Natural Resources Officer

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)

Ms

Lini

Wollenberg

CCAFS Theme Leader

CCAFS

Mr

Chengyi

Zhang

Dr., Prof.

National Climate Centre,
China Meteorological
Administration

Istituto Superiore per laProtezione e la Ricerca
Ambientale (ISPRA)
Assistant Director General

Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)
US Environmental
Protection Agency

38

Annex 3: Meeting agenda
Day 1, 13 November 2014, Sheikh Zayed Centre (Atrium)
08:30-09.00 Registration
09:00-10:00 Opening••••

Welcome to the event (Maria Helena M.Q. Semedo, FAO, and Taka Hiraishi and Thelma Krug, IPCC
TFI, and Gernot Laganda, IFAD)
Introduction to the event (Francesco N. Tubiello, FAO)
Presentation: An overview of current climate-change agreements, ongoing discussions under the Ad
Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, and associated implementation
activities in land use (María José Sanz Sánchez, FAO)
Presentation: New FAO updates on GHG emissions from AFOLU (Heather Jacobs, FAO)

10:00-10.30 Coffee break
10:30-12.30 The need for up-to-date data and methodologies for AFOLU with evolving climate-change
agreements (chairs: Thelma Krug and Taka Hiraishi, IPCC TFI)•••

Presentation: Need for up-to-date data to support inventory compilers in implementing IPCC
methodologies to estimate emissions and removals for AFOLU Sector (Kiyoto Tanabe, IPCC TFI TSU)
Presentation: New FAO data products and tools (Francesco N. Tubiello, FAO)
Moderated discussion

12:30-13.30 Lunch break
13:30-15.00 Data and methodologies for estimating GHG emissions and removals of land-based
mitigation actions – issues around scale and boundaries (chair: Giacomo Grassi, JRC)•••

Presentation: Data for bringing together the national level and land-based mitigation actions in Costa
Rica (Javier Fernandez, FONAFIFO)
Presentation: Issues on temporal, spatial and activity boundaries for accounting for land-based
mitigation actions, including for REDD+, NAMAs and projects (Sandro Federici, FAO, and Carolyn
Ching, VCS)
Moderated discussion

15:00-15.30 Coffee break
15:30-17.30 Data and methodologies for estimating GHG emissions and removals of land-based
mitigation actions – building reference scenarios (chair: María José Sanz Sánchez, FAO)••••

Presentation: Issues associated with reference levels (Jim Penman, UCL)
Presentation: Data needs for building reference levels for REDD+ in Brazil (Thelma Krug, INPE)
Presentation: FAO's long term outlook for global agriculture: basis for a GHG emissions baseline andfood security assessments under climate change (Josef Schmidhuber, FAO)
Moderated discussion

17.30 Closing
18.00-20.00 Reception at ‘Apuleius’39Day 2, 14 November 2014, Mexico Room (D273bis)
09.00-10.30 Data and methodologies for the joint analysis of mitigation-adaptation-food security benefits(chair: Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS)•••

Presentation: Data needs and gaps for identifying adaptation benefits (Selvaraju Ramasamy, FAO)
Presentation: Metrics for multi benefit projects – a user perspective (Eric Patrick, IFAD)
Moderated discussion

10.30-11.00 Coffee break
11.00-12.30 Simultaneous breakout groups for discussing draft conclusions and recommendations to bereported back to the plenary••

Breakout group #1 (Lebanon room – D277bis): Emerging data needs for the AFOLU sector (Francesco
N. Tubiello, FAO)
Breakout group #2 (Mexico room – D273bis): Emerging methodological development needs for the
AFOLU sector (Taka Hiraishi, IPCC TFI)

12.30-13.30 Lunch break
14:00-16.30 Findings on emerging data and methodological development needs for the AFOLU sector(chair: Thelma Krug, IPCC TFI)•

Moderated discussion of draft conclusions

15:30 Coffee break
16:30-17.00 Closing of the event40