White Paper

The New Compute
Continuum isPowering the
Future of IoT

Index
P2. Introduction
P3. How to Take Advantage of the Compute Continuum
P4. Definitions
P5. Why Now?
P5. Technological Trends
P8. Drivers and Requirements
P9. Conclusion
P11. How Arm Technology Powers the Compute Continuum
P12. Leveraging the Ecosystem to Drive Success1

Introduction
The accelerating growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the data those devices and systems
capture has spurred the industry to reconsider where it computes data. As a result, rather thancontinuing to rely on a traditional data center compute model, the industry has embraced thenotion of a compute continuum: Putting the right compute resources at optimal processing points
in the system – from cloud data center to edge systems and endpoint devices.
Make no mistake, the shift we are seeing is radical. It is also vital. In the traditional cloud model,
enterprise data is directed straight to the cloud for processing as that is where the majority of theheavy compute intelligence is located. But, in the transformative data-driven era we now live in,this is increasingly not a viable long-term economic model due to the volume of data and newemphasis on security, safety, privacy, latency and reliability.
Today, data insights drive near real-time decisions directly affecting the operation of factories,
cities, transportation, buildings and homes. To cope, computing must be fast, efficient and secure,and that generally means putting more compute firepower closer to the data source. It builds
the case for more on-device endpoint computing, more localized computing with a new breed of
network and private edge servers and sensible choices over which workloads need to remain incloud data centers. The good news is that recent technology advances have converged to make this
digital transformation economically viable.

The benefit of this new matrixed thinking around compute optimization is that it:	
Improves responsiveness by reducing decision-making latency
Increases data security and privacy
Requires less power
Uses less network bandwidth
Maximizes efficiencies, reliability and autonomy
Reduces infrastructure and operational costs

Successful embrace ofthe computing continuum
could yield more than
$1 trillion in benefits
in productivity gains,revenue growth and total
shareholder return (TRS).
Source: Tech-enabledtransformation:
The trillion-dollar opportunity for industrials.
McKinsey & Company,
September 2018

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The combination of these benefits ultimately delivers new computing capabilities andopportunities to organizations that embrace the transformation. In fact, the upside toindustries is enormous. A recent McKinsey & Company study estimates that the industrial
sector alone – including automotive, transportation, aerospace and defense, and the generalfactories subsector – will enjoy more than $1 trillion in new value (new revenue and expanded
profit margins) by applying data, analytics and IoT technologies1.

How to take advantage of the compute continuum
As we have stated, the traditional cloud-based model is running into scalability challenges
due to the volume of data and the demands of new data insight-driven usage and businessmodels. Unlike today, IT (information technology) and OT (operational technology, which has
responsibility for automation and factory operations) will merge into one network and one
mode of operation where IT data, OT data, social data and customer data are melded together
to extract business insights.
That assertion is backed up by predictions that global internet protocol (IP) traffic will soar
three-fold from 2017 to 2022, rising at an annual rate of 26 percent per year. Total IP traffic
could be 396 exabytes (EB) a month by 2022, according to Cisco’s Visual Networking Index.
Global mobile traffic may rise even faster: The index suggests a seven-fold jump in the same
period to a total of 77.5 EB a month of mobile traffic, from just 11 EB in 2017. Taking into
consideration additional forms of traffic, the research firm IDC predicts that the Global
Datasphere will grow from 33 Zettabytes in 2018 to 175 zettabytes by 20252.

The explosion of IoT-enabled data is straining the existing data center compute model. Source: The Digitization of theWorld From Edge to Core. IDC, November 2018

Simply put, building greater numbers of traditional data centers is not a long-termsustainable answer.
In this whitepaper, we lay out the definitions, trends and requirements, architecture
and products and benefits of the new compute continuum. We think this is important as it
will help provide a coherent definition of terms – particularly around the use of ‘the edge,’
and it will deliver a fresh understanding of the new compute capability available.
Ultimately, we hope the information in these pages will help industry to rethink how products,
systems and networks are designed, allowing companies to take best advantage of the coming
data-driven business opportunities.
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Definitions
The cloud
Cloud data center computing is the relatively centralized availability of computer system
resources, especially data storage and computing power, usually located in large internetaccessible data centers located great distances from the user. Here, vast arrays of servers
can be allocated according to a user’s needs to handle their elastic compute requirements,
delivering coherence and economies of scale that help users manage compute costs.
Edge computing
As a term, the ‘edge’ means many things to many people today. In this paper, we define theedge starting where endpoint devices plug into the network and ending at cloud data centers.
The edge therefore encompasses everything between endpoint devices and the cloud. In
many ways, the edge becomes an offload layer from the cloud. It’s closer to the endpoint
devices (so latency remains lower) but contains powerful enough compute to handle mostworkloads – including artificial intelligence (AI) model training and machine learning (ML)inference (comparing harvested information from devices with a trained AI model).
We might think of the edge as a new kind of data ‘rapid-reaction force’ built for today’s andtomorrow’s compute needs. Indeed, edge servers are enjoying enormous growth rates,
as compute gets more distributed along the continuum to cope with modern needs.
Many companies across virtually all verticals haverealized they can transform their business by mining
vast new sources and amounts of data to makeinsightful decisions.

For example, a state-of-the-art factory today may have thousands of sensor-driven endpoints.
Each assembly line will have many machines and one compute service that is processing datafrom all those endpoints. The factory floor as a whole could have a 5G base station andan edge server to process data from all assembly lines in near real-time and efficiently.
Different deployments will have different combinations of compute resources depending onneeds. Some may only require endpoints and edge. Others may require endpoint, edge andcloud so sifted data can be shared between factory sites, and with a company’s wider supply
chain partner ecosystem. This task-specific computing strategy enables flexibility.
Endpoint
Endpoints are where data is harvested and primary compute frequently happens.
Endpoint devices are becoming far more capable for many applications, ranging fromhealthcare to industrial to automotive and autonomous vehicles to mobile devices and more.
The right type of compute is required on the endpoint to extract information locally from theharvested data while satisfying the operational requirements of digital transformation listed
above. This is the fundamental reason we see more products in the industry with digital signal
processing (DSP) and ML integrated next to general-purpose compute.

4Why now?
Many companies across virtually all verticals have realized they can transform theirbusiness by mining vast new sources and amounts of data to make insightful decisions.
They understand that doing so ahead of the competition leads to long-term success.
To get there, they want to leverage more of their computing resources and create IoT
networks to monitor shop floors or farm fields and so forth.
This transformation is underway. Gartner estimates that in 2018, nearly 90% of enterprisegenerated data was processed in a centralized data center or cloud. The same study projects
that by 2022, only 25% of data-processing will be centralized, with the remaining 75%
occurring somewhere in the compute continuum outside the cloud3. Capturing all that data
will be billions of new edge and endpoint devices, powered by continual improvements incompute technology that allow increasing processing power to be cost-effectively deployed.
Mobile devices, for example, are expected to grow from 1.7 billion to 2.2 billion in the decadeahead, according to Strategy Analytics and Arm forecasts. Smart IP cameras will jump from
160 million to 1.3 billion, according to Gartner and Arm, and AI-enabled devices will rocket
from 300 million to 3.2 billion, according to IDC’s Worldwide Embedded and Intelligent
Systems Forecast, 2017-2022.
This explosion of hardware means that IoT data volume is growing much faster thanbandwidth is to the cloud. Consider just one use case: In the future, Arm anticipates
500 million high-definition (HD) image sensors will produce 300 EB of data per month.
That will exceed available bandwidth to the edge network, let alone the cloud. A portion ofthat data (say, security cameras) contains more data than can be efficiently or cost-effectively
computed on the endpoint device (the camera), but is much better handled in an edge device,near the endpoint device.

Technological trends
Let’s now examine the technological trends that are contributing to the success of thecompute continuum.
ComputeOn the compute side, developers never had it so good. Successive generations of processors
at the heart of IoT devices have delivered 32-bit and 64-bit low-power, general-purpose
compute in addition to more recent signal processing and machine learning functions.
Traditionally, stand-alone compute blocks were required for each type of compute, which
restricted product development to a few experts. These days, all developers regardless ofexperience have easy access to the type of compute necessary to get the job done as close as
possible to the data source. The emergence of 64-bit devices for the edge opened the door
for traditional cloud applications to migrate to the edge. With a cloud-native development
model, a developer now can map out the best point to locate the data compute along thecontinuum in the edge all the way up to the cloud.

5Signal processing
When the ML wave began, few people envisioned that having low-power compute with signal
processing features would have such an impact. The traditional approach to deploying ML at
the edge is to let the neural network consume raw data. The side effects of this approach arethat the network requires a large amount of memory and compute. A new school is emerging
that does the ML processing in two steps. First, a signal conditioning or data clean-up phase,
followed by the neural net computing. By doing a first pass of signal processing on the raw
data, the network compute and memory requirements are dramatically reduced. The network
now acts on clean data, which is a less complex task to process.
The AI/ML influence
Another major contribution to the rise of compute continuum is artificial intelligence andmachine learning. Because of relentless improvements and innovation with processors,
AI and ML algorithms which once were confined to be computed in the data center cloudare now being handled at the edge and on even the smallest of endpoint devices.
This in turn is changing how we think about AI.
AI grew up in the cloud. The existence of effectively unlimited computing in the cloud foralmost nothing has led to the rapid evolution of algorithms that allow users to gain accessand insight from data. But taking AI to the cloud is inefficient today; we need to take theTaking AI to the cloud is inefficient today; we need to takethe processing to the data, not the other way around.

processing to the data, not the other way around.
Today, over 95% of AI-enabled devices are in mobile, smart home and IoT market segments,
with the remaining 5% in infrastructure, according to Arm estimates. From that data, we canconclude that over 90% of the AI-enabled devices being shipped today are based on the
Arm architecture.
Forty-three percent of global telecommunications decision makers whose firms are usingedge computing believe that it will give them the flexibility to handle present and future
artificial intelligence demands.4
At the same time, AI and ML are being deployed already on CPUs, with more than 40 percent
of respondents in a recent Arm engineering survey5 indicating they’re deploying algorithms
there rather than in specialty or offload engines.
These demands require a new layer of edge processing infrastructure as well as the
supporting software services to manage it:
Advances in ML software techniques allow the ML operation to be run at the endpoint or
the infrastructure edge in very small, energy-efficient modules (“Tiny ML”) as opposed to thehyperscale data center.
ML can now be executed on endpoint devices and edge devices, delivering faster real-timeinsights for a much better user experience and increased revenue.

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Heterogeneous computeo Various architectures – CPUs, GPUs, NPUs, etc. – can be combined in many different		 possible heterogeneous systems. For instance, always-on functionality might be provided
		 by small and highly efficient processors, coupled with much more powerful processors and		 accelerators in the same physical device.
o This is important because edge computing workloads vary greatly, from security (62%) to		 network traffic management (59%) to data caching (39%) to connected application 				 acceleration (27%), according to TECHnalysis Research.6

Security
After a few years of discussions and explorations the industry has converged on the need forand the means to deploy secure IoT systems. The Platform Security Architecture (PSA) –a robust and standardized framework for security – enables devices to be born securely.
Many governments have already issued security directives for IoT or are in the process of
doing that. We are far ahead from when Arm released the IoT Security Manifesto a few
years ago.
Connectivity
System developers have the best choice ever in terms of connectivity. Bluetooth, WiFi,
NB-IoT, LPWAN, mesh, whatever the application topology, range and power requirements
may be, there is a radio to fit those needs. To make things even better, 5G has started to rollout on a global basis. 5G was designed to extend mobile networks for the IoT use case withsupport for billions of nodes with small packets at low latency and with support for qualityof service. The convergence of connectivity, AI/ML and easy developer access to a variety ofcompute makes digital transformation possible for all industries and organizations.
Networking evolution
WirelessHeart, industrial ethernet (CC-Link IE, EtherCAT, Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCPJlkj,
POWERLINK, PROFINET, and SERCOS III), and other manufacturing networking protocols
have for years ruled the roost inside factories. The auto industry and others have introduced
their own networking protocols to bridge the gap between the traditional networking world
and particular industries. Networking professionals will need to set up interfaces, as cloudproviders have done for application developers, to allow professionals to spin up and down
networking services and connections as necessary.
Consider the example of networking in the connected-car space. The endpoint device is theengine control unit (ECU), which communicates with an edge gateway inside the vehicle forservices such as voice and gesture control, vehicle information, ADAS and power train data.
To access larger, more data-heavy information, the vehicle gets infrastructure services bycommunicating with a μMEC (multi-access edge computing), a small form factor hardware/
software platform for especially smart city services. It can use 5G, WLAN or fiber connection
and be installed on light poles, vehicles, etc. The μMEC proof-of-concept is based on
LuxTurrim5G and open source components.

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As these economic and technological drivers transform networking, they’re changing
enterprises as well. The edge and endpoint compute continuum collapse several stages of
the traditional IoT chain into a converged box and brings data center and cloud computeresources on-premise. This in turn brings the IT world and OT worlds closer together.

Drivers and requirements
Latency
As the IoT grows and we propel more intelligence to edge and endpoint devices, latency
becomes more important. Take platoon driving in autonomous vehicles. Each vehicle needs
millisecond response times when it comes to braking or otherwise reacting to road and orother vehicle circumstances and can’t wait for the cloud to analyze a real-time situation
before acting. Additionally, all IoT applications where there is potential danger to human life
have strict requirements on response/action latency. For example, a command to shut down alarge motor has to be issued within milliseconds from detecting failures on the factory floor.
Requirements such as latency, security and privacy andautonomy are among the drivers pushing compute fromcloud to edge and endpoint.

Data privacy and residency
Whether due to the sensitive nature of the data, company policies, or in response toregulatory requirements, many organizations may prefer to keep sensitive or more valuable
data on premises or locally. Similarly, users prefer to keep as much personal informationas possible constrained to their endpoint devices. The infrastructure edge and endpoints
allow for the processing and storage of that data within the constraints of such policies orregulation.
Power consumption
Power consumption matters across the compute spectrum, whether it’s a small batterypowered or energy-harvesting endpoint device or an edge server plugged into a central
power source. When it comes to billions of new IoT devices, a few milliwatts per device,
multiplied across all those devices adds up. In addition, transmitting data drains the battery
more than computing the data, so the ability to transmit less data by performing local
compute makes the battery last longer.
Bandwidth
Data transit is expensive, and IoT data volume is growing much faster than bandwidth to thecloud. A five-second sound clip in a voice-activated task sent to the cloud requires 330 giga
operations/sec (GOPS) to perform the automatic speech recognition, transmitting the audio
data to the cloud at 32 kbps. It requires 600 GOPS to perform natural language processing
on the same clip sending it back to the endpoint device. This doesn’t include the computealready performed on the device for voice detection, keyword spotting, beamforming, echo
cancellation and noise suppression. So larger data volumes require larger networks whichthen cost more and consume more power.

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Reliability/Functional safety
Edge and endpoint solutions enable enterprises to address crucial reliability and safety
requirements. Managing mission-critical machinery and equipment requires data capture,processing, and control at the edge to reduce the potential for unanticipated downtime ormalfunctions that can quickly add up to millions of dollars in repair costs and lost revenue —not to mention the safety of onsite workers. Any operation or system that may cause harm tohumans directly or indirectly is usually designed with functional safety in mind. In the worst
case, the system is allowed to fail, but under no condition is it allowed to fail in a manner thatis harmful to humans.
Autonomy
By leveraging compute power at the edge, vendors can continue to provide service when
the internet backhaul, or other points, are temporarily unavailable and data can’t reach thecloud. (And in some cases, constant connectivity may not be required for a given system).
By strengthening the resilience of the larger architecture, the impact of outages is mitigated.
Consider, for example, an oil rig at sea which needs to make safety and cost-critical decisions,
whether or not it’s connected to the cloud.
Cost
Reduction in network infrastructure costs (bandwidth, transmission and operations)is another key benefit to the compute continuum. An offshore drilling platform uses
expensive satellite transmission to transfer data to the cloud, and therefore lots of data
gets expensive quickly.
Security/node protection
Any discussion regarding IoT is incomplete if it does not address security. Edge andendpoint devices bring forward further challenges to security since they are not installedinside protected data centers. An endpoint – edge – cloud security architecture is required
for all deployments to ensure reliable long-term operation.

Conclusion: The open road ahead
What can we expect to see over the next few years? Major digital transformations across allindustries, the economy and life. Secure endpoint-edge-cloud IoT solutions deployed acrossfactories, cities and homes. A fundamental transformation of the global economy to amore resource efficient, climate friendly and customer focused mode of operation.
This transformation will take place thanks to new players who, emboldened by the design
flexibility and choice that compute continuum solutions provide, deliver new innovative
products and build new consortiums to expand the compute continuum and coalesce
around new standards to speed up and simplify deployments. We’re seeing this type ofcollaboration already, as evidenced by groups such as MEC/Linux Foundation Edge/IIC/Edge
Computing Consortium.

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Rethinking how we deploy compute resources across this vast continuum of electronics,
from data center to edge to endpoint, will fuel tremendous innovation and technologicaladvancements in the coming years.
Endpoint and edge compute bring:
Better responsiveness by reducing roundtrip latency
Increased data security and privacy
Reduced power consumption
Better use of network bandwidth
Efficiencies, reliability and autonomy to systems
Lower deployment and operational costs.

By digitally transforming operations more completely with choice and solutions provided
along the compute continuum, enterprises will see improved utilization and efficiency andnew business models powered by actionable insights from converging new data sources.
The McKinsey study cited earlier notes that “successful transformation across thewhole industrial sector” could improve return to shareholders by as much as $2 trillion,
an increase of 9 to 22 percent. This includes up to nearly $1 trillion in revenue growth(an improvement of 3 to 10 percent), and potentially $0.7 trillion in margin expansion
from efficiency gains (an improvement of 4 to 9 percent).
Just as cloud computing created vast new applications and services that delivered
efficiencies on an unprecedented scale, the compute continuum will deliver even greater
value. The convergence of various key technologies enables greater engineering productivity,
faster innovation, more depth of insight, more possibilities for partner collaboration, newbusiness models and new data-driven revenue streams that have not yet been identified.
And as with previous industrial paradigm shifts, front runners stand to gain a proportionallylarger economic benefit.

10How Arm Technology Powers the Compute Continuum
Scalable heterogenous compute
Each year, Arm invests heavily in expanding its offering of processor IP across the computecontinuum to give partners the widest and most flexible options in designing their IoT
systems. Arm processor IP scales from the extreme low power and high efficiency to thehighest-performance devices.
At the high end, Arm Cortex-A devices have served as the foundation for the mobile
revolution of the past 20 years, highlighted by 2019’s introduction of the Arm Cortex-A77,
a third-generation premium CPU based on DynamIQ technology.
Arm Cortex-M devices power the most energy-efficient solutions embedded devices
today and are being increasingly deployed in endpoint configurations to leverage thepower efficiency that many systems at that point in the continuum demand. For example,
the Arm Cortex-M33 is optimized for cost and power-sensitive microcontroller and mixedsignal applications and is designed to address embedded and IoT markets, especially thosethat require efficient security or digital signal control.
Arm Cortex-R devices target real-time system
requirements. They introduced virtualization
at the highest security level while retaining
the Protected Memory System Architecture(PMSA) based on a Memory Protection
Unit (MPU).In October 2018, Arm launched
the Arm Neoverse brand and productportfolio designed to deliver the cloud toedge infrastructure for a world of a trillion
connected devices. At that launch,
Arm promised a 30 percent performance
uplift for each new product generation.
In February 2019, Arm launched two new

The underlying principle of the compute continuum isthe concept of “think local,” which combines these key
elements.

products in this portfolio: Neoverse N1 for cloud to edge compute and Neoverse E1 for data
plane and blew away the promised performance improvements by achieving a 60 percent
compute performance increase with even higher uplifts for some workloads.
Security / Platform Security Architecture
Arm has also expanded its pioneering work in security with security solutions that support
edge compute. The Platform Security Architecture, or PSA, was introduced by Arm in 2017.
It is an open methodology for analyzing threats, architecting secure designs, and thenimplementing secure solutions. This architecture offers a route to improved security, helping
partners to understand the requirements of designing, developing, and securing IoT devices
at the endpoint, no matter their role.

11Arm has hardware and software IP to address these four main threat types. These include
technologies like Arm TrustZone help to protect against software threats; hardware IP
like Arm CryptoCell helps protect against communication threats; Arm Cortex-M35P,
SecureCore processors and Arm CryptoIsland products help protect against physical attacks.
Arm’s Kigen family of products helps protect against communication and mitigation attacks.
You can find more details about these threats and the relevant IP on our website here.
Arm Corstone IP offers SoC designers a great solution to build secure designs faster.
The product range addresses constrained, mainstream and rich IoT designs.
Endpoint-to-Cloud solution: Arm Pelion IoT Platform
One of the liberating benefits of this compute continuum is that heterogeneous, dispersed
processing gives companies a chance to better leverage the data they’re capturing, where
it’s captured, to help them transform their businesses. To capture the data, the endpoints
need to be connected and managed in order for the data to be trusted. The Arm Pelion IoT
Platform is a flexible, secure, and efficient foundation spanning connectivity, device, anddata management. It accelerates the time to value of IoT deployments by helping you easily
connect trusted IoT devices on global networks, invisibly administer them, and extract
real-time data from them to drive competitive advantage.
Functional safety
Arm has long advocated a holistic approach to functional safety, to look at the ‘big picture’and ensure that there are no loose ends or cracks in designs that often contain hundredsof
different hardware and software elements that need to comprehensively deliver the safetyfunctions. Arm’s Functional Safety Partnership Program showcases a range of functionalsafety partners who specialize in areas of software and tools, design services andtraining services.
Edge ecosystem and Project Cassini
To ensure a cloud-native experience across a diverse and secure edge ecosystem,
Arm in 2019 announced Project Cassini. Project Cassini, an initiative with our ecosystem,
will develop platform standards and reference systems that establish a cloud-native
software experience for a secure infrastructure edge.

Leveraging the ecosystem to drive success
Arm is at epicenter of one of the most extensive edge partner ecosystems in the world today.
Arm’s silicon partners have shipped nearly 150 billion chips since Arm’s founding founding in
1990. More than 50 billion of those have been in the last four years, and we expect another100 billion in the next four years. The global Arm ecosystem delivers a healthy choice ofcompeting cutting-edge products at affordable prices, as evidenced by the many use cases
mentioned earlier. It also functions as a vibrant open source community especially aroundsoftware and Arm Mbed OS. Here are some examples:12Transportation
A Silicon Valley data company wanted to detect delays in Caltrain, the regional train systemthat links the Silicon Valley with San Francisco. They set up a system monitoring the trains
running on a route to detect Caltrain among a host of other trains like freight, light rail
vehicles etc. To detect Caltrain in this system, a classification of different trains was needed
which was achieved by deploying TensorFlow on Arm to create this system using a Raspberry
Pi 3. The system cost $130 to build and required little knowledge of TensorFlow to deploy.
This decision was made in order to keep the system affordable and, because of the absenceof high speed internet, avoid sending images to a central server, which would cause
massive delays.
Healthcare
Respiro from Amiko uses an Arm processor to power a sensor designed to fit inside the spaceand memory constrained inhalers that asthma patients are already using. The module uses
machine learning to monitor inhalation technique and capture parameters such as inhalation
flow rate, flow acceleration, inhalation volume, inspiration time and more. The intelligencepowering this capability, the machine learning, is happening on the Arm processor in thedevice without the need to connect to the cloud.
Industrial
Machbase offers a unified database platform that includes three products: Edge, Fog andCluster/Cloud. It works on the entire spectrum of Arm products and their licensees, including
many edge examples, such as NVidia Jetson, Raspberry Pi 3, and ARTik. Arm’s low-power,
high performance technology enables Machbase to run hundreds of databases on Arm
processors, from processing on smart factory floors to a utility’s distribution infrastructure
to an automotive ecosystem.

Smart cities
Neurotechnology’s Face Verification SDK provides biometric identity verification for largescale, high-security applications. It allows face verification to be performed offline, simplifies
integration of facial authentication applications for PCs and mobile devices, performs livenessdetection to reinforce anti-spoofing measures. All biometric data is kept on-device.
Smart homes
Intuition Robotics’ ElliQ is a social companion robot that helps the elderly. The company’s
partner, Brodmann17, worked with them to speed up the performance of the robot.
They have a software solution that speeds up Arm CPUs. The SoC is a Qualcomm Snapdragon
820 which is Armv8-A. The robot sits on table and interacts with people so effectively that it
can find where a person is speaking from and can turn its head to the person’s direction.

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Smart buildings
AquaSeca’s device attaches to water pipes to check for leaks and other anomalies. The next
generation of this device will have ML being done right on the device, making it much more
efficient and scalable with most data staying on the device.
Infrastructure
Arm is enabling seamless connection to give a cloud-like experience across all of edge IoT
through enablement of products such as HPE’s Procurve switch line, which will be basedon NXP running Arm Cortex-A72/A53.

Footnotes
1

Tech-enabled transformation: The trillion-dollar opportunity for industrials.
McKinsey & Company, September 2018

2

The Digitization of the World From Edge to Core. IDC, November 20183

Technology Insight: Edge Computing in Support of the Internet of Things. Gartner, July 20174

Global Business Technographics Mobility Survey. Forrester Research, September 2018.

5

What’s Powering Artificial Intelligence? Arm research, May 2019.

6

Computing on the Edge: A Survey Report. TECHnalysis Research, November 2017.

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