NextGen
Next Generation Air Transportation System

Presented by: Jay Merkle
Date: 05 March 2009EIWAC: Tokyo, Japan
Federal Aviation
Administration

The Current System Is Not Performing Adequately•

Delays are mounting•

Gate-to-gate time is up for allflights•

Although demand is down itremains up in already congestedmarkets•

The problems are worse in
the highest density airspace

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If We Do Nothing… Delays Will Grow*
180

2006
2012
2016

Delay per Flight (minutes)

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20

1

1

11

1

1

11

2/

3/

4/

5/

6/

7/

8/

9//1121/1
111//1
100

Delays projected using ATO Network Forecasts
Assumes weather in 2012 and 2016 the same as 2006
* Projections assume no capacity improvements

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Delays Cost Billions
A May-2008 report by the Joint Economic Committee Majority Staff found that,“Air traffic delays cost the U.S. economy up to$41 billion in 2007”
Airline Operating
Costs

Value of Passenger
Time

Spillover Costs tothe Economy

Total$19.1 Billion$12.0 Billion$9.6 Billion$40.7 Billion

Delayed flights consumed about 740 million additional gallons of jet fuelAlmost 20 % of total domestic flight time in 2007 was wasted in delay“The economic costs of air traffic delays to the U.S. economy are large and far-reaching. As air traffic has grownover the last two decades, the number of domestic flights and air flight delays has reached record levels.
Increasing flight delays and cancellations are placing a significant strain on the U.S. air travel system and costing
both passengers and airlines billions of dollars each year.”

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Environmental ConstraintsTrends show that environmental impacts from aircraft noise andemissions will be a critical constraint on NAS capacity and flexibility -unless managed & mitigatedCompiled by Tam et al., 2007
from Boeing data 9/13/05

50 Largest
U.S. Airports

Non-attainment
Attainment

450

8060

Airports with Restrictions% of airports

100
More stringent
0.075ppm
standard coming

40
200Ozone

PM 2.5300

15001980

1990

2000

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NextGen: Improving Service Delivery
Today’s NAS
Ground-based Navigation and Surveillance
Air Traffic Control Communications By Voice
Disconnected Information Systems
Air Traffic “Control”
Fragmented Weather Forecasting
Airport Operations Limited By VisibilityConditions
Forensic Safety Systems

NextGenSatellite-based Navigation and Surveillance
Clearance Trajectories and Routine Information
Sent Digitally
Information More Readily Accessible
Air Traffic “Management”
Forecasts Embedded into Decisions
Operations Continue Into Lower Visibility
Conditions
Prognostic Safety Systems

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Collaborative ATM Among ANSP & Operators

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ATM Decisions—Interactive and Integrated Across Time
Horizons

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Concept Harmonization• The NextGen and SESAR concept are based on theICAO Global Concept– Continue to evolve the guidance through the ATMRPP• NextGen and SESAR are working towards– Holding a series of technical interchange meetings to compare
concepts, architectures and performance objectives• Shared Demonstration– Atlantic Interoperability Initiative to Reduce Emissions

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FAA’s NextGen Implementation PlanFocus on integration and execution

Airport Development• OEP Airports• OEP Metro Areas• Leverage capabilities of existing
systems & avionics for near-term impact Air Traffic Operations• Advance capabilities for the mid-term•••••••

Initiate Trajectory-basedOperations
Increase Arrivals andDepartures at High Density
Airports
Increase Flexibility in theTerminal Environment
Improve Collaborative Air TrafficManagement
Reduce Weather Impact
Improve Safety, Security andEnvironmental Performance
Transform Facilities

Aircraft & Operator Requirements

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NextGen Implementation Timelines
Portfolio – Operational Level Descriptions

NextGen Integration and Implementation Office

Separation Management
Separation between aircraft,airspace and terrain
Conflict Management
Trajectory Management
Provide the most efficient “flow”
of aircraft
Traffic Synchronization
Flow Contingency Management
Manage demand with flow exceed
capacity (Strategic Flow)
Demand Capacity Balancing
Capacity Management
Airspace Design andManagement
Airspace Organization andManagement
Flight and State Data
Safe and Efficient Flight Planningand Execution
Information Management

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Summary Mid-Term (2012-2018)
Top Level ViewCruise• Flexible entry times to oceanic tracks• Oceanic in-trail climb and descent• Conflict Resolution Advisories• Point-in-space time based metering• Procedures with tailored separation• Enhanced flight data management

TakeoffLanding

Surface traffic management• Alternatives for category II/III approaches• Optimal arrival throughput to CSPR

DepartureDescent/Final Approach• Wind-based wake departure procedures for CSPR
• Area navigation above FL180 and RNP 1 navigation• Optimized profile descent• Integrated arrival departure management

Weather impact evaluation

On-demand NAS information

Flow Management Tools

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Near-Term: Today – 2012
Maximize current capabilities while enabling mid-term infrastructure
RNAV/RNP De-conflict
RNAV/RNP De-conflict

ORD ORD
MDW•DFW

Traffic
ManagementAdvisor

Surface
Managementwith ASDE-X

RNAV/RNP DeconflictPredictive
Weather

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Mid-Term: 2013-2018
Capabilities enabled by today’s actions
ADS-B Enabled CDTI
Applications

Traffic Management
Advisor• Surface Moving Map

Integrated
PredictiveWeather• Merging & Spacing• Paired Approaches• Closely Spaced
Parallel Operations•DFW
Low Visibility
Tower Operations

Air-Ground Data
Communications

Surface Traffic
Management
SystemRequired
Navigation
Performance/Area
Navigation
Routes Between
Major City Pairs

RNAV/RNP

Improved Serviceto Non-Radar
Areas

Integrated
Arrival/Departure
Management

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NextGen Transformational Programs form the Foundation
for Mid-term Capabilities & Beyond– Automatic Dependent
Surveillance Broadcast(ADS-B)– System Wide Information
Management (SWIM)– Data Communications– NextGen Network Enabled
Weather (NNEW)– NAS Voice Switch (NVS)

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Demonstrations
Tailored Arrivals (TAs) Demonstration
Ground automation, e.g. ATOP, ERAM, TAATS•Initiative: Integrate automation tools and Data
Comm to provide cleared trajectory path,
which is uplinked to the aircraft and flown by
Flight Management System (FMS)•Benefits:

11
1 E.g., EDA, TAATS
Ground automation
generates TAtrajectory clearance
33

22 TA clearance
coordinated acrossATC domains /systems–Data CommTA clearance
delivered to aircraft
over data link–•••
TA trajectory flown with FMS

Partners: NASA Ames, Boeing, Sensis,
Schedule: FY08 Live Flight Trials at MIA(Sept)•5400/600 LBS of fuel reduction per arrival in
end-state
Reduced fuel burn and environmental
footprint

American Air Lines & European
Partners/Carriers

FANS (or other integrated data link)
44 TA trajectory received
and loaded into FMS onpilot concurrence*Domain: Terminal
NextGen Solution Set: High Density, Safety,
Security & Environment* Supporting Atlantic Interoperability Initiative to Reduce Emissions (AIRE)
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Demonstrations
3D Path Arrival Management (3D PAM)
2) EDA Tool Generates
Advisories to Meet TMA
Schedule (absorb delay)
STA

Flight: EGF586•Management; aircraft executes TMA
plan

Clearance issued
Before TOD•ETABearing:52 deg

1) TMA Generates
Required Time
Delays

Meter
Fix:
DAS

Benefit: Move from controller-based
to aircraft centric 4-D TrajectoryManagement

Original path
Mag. North

Initiative: Move toward 4-D Trajectory

StretchedPath1nme: 6cnta
Dis

EGF586 P/DAS 052 061 P/DAS C/250
D/2403) EDA Generates Path
Required Path Stretch inPlace, Bearing, Distance•Approach: Conduct live trials at DEN;
integrate enhancements to TMA withFMS equipage•Partners: NASA Ames, Boeing, Sensis,Continental, AAL•

Schedule:– FY08 Human-in-the-Loop Simulation– FY09 Live Flight Trials at DEN4) Controller issues clearance (initially via voice).
Pilot loads in FMS, then flies via RNAV/RNP•NextGen Solution Set: High Density

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Continuous Descent Arrivals (CDA)•Initiative: Uses Area Navigation (RNAV) /Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
arrivals with optimized vertical profile•

Benefit:– 200 to 400 LBS of fuel per arrival– Reduced noise and emissions•Partners: American Air Lines, Delta,
European Partners/Carriers,
Georgia Tech, MITRE•

Schedule:– ATL Flight Test – May 08– MIA Flight Test – July 08•

Domain: Terminal•

NextGen Solution Set: High Density,Safety, Security & Environment

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Demonstrations
Improved Weather Detection / Prediction Integrated with Traffic Management Advisor (TMA)•Initiative: Improve weather detection andprediction, pass to TMA via System-WideInformation Management (SWIM) network•Benefits: Expand use of TMA during
convective weather periods•

Partners: Embry-Riddle, Lockheed Martin, CSC,ENSCO•

Approach: Conduct Advanced Concept
Technology Development (ACTD) to demonstrateintegrated capability – also possible partnership•

Schedule: FY08 - Demonstration
September 2008•

Domain: Terminal / En Route•

NextGen Solution Set: Reduced Weather Impact,
Safety, Security & Environment

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NextGen…

Applying 21st Century technology totransform our aviation system expanding capacity, enhancing safety
and security, and protecting
the environment.

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