Bavarian Ministry of
Economic Affairs,
Regional Development
and Energy

Discover cross-industry innovationin Bavaria.

2

INTRODUCTION | 3

How do you fit into the picture?
Bavaria could be home to your new business.

Welcome!

Cross-industry innovation can grow business.
See for yourself if locating your start-up or company
to Bavaria could be a win-win scenario:

What is cross-industry innovation and why
is Bavaria so good at it?

Are you working in one of these industries?
XR – AI – IoT – FinTech – Life Science – Cybersecurity –Mobility & Aerospace – Nanotechnology – Mechatronics

YES

Are you a start-up,
entrepreneur or research
team?

NO

Cross-industry innovation means breaking out of old patterns of doing business.
It brings together industries, disciplines and skills in new ways.
No problem.
Just keep on
reading ...

Bring your technology to Bavaria and findentrepreneurs and other companies withideas in fields you hadn’t considered before.
Read on to learn more.

YES

Are you an establishedcompany seeking toinnovate?

Discover innovation partners among Bavarian
start-ups, cluster teams, universities,
research institutions and companies.
See how in this brochure.

YES

Are you a cross-industry
innovator and ready tosell your product?

Find new customers, employees, partners
and the ideal location for your business in
Bavaria. Learn more here.

“Hi, my name’s Alex. I was born and bred in Bavaria and I’mgoing to guide you through this brochure. I hope you’ll bejust as excited as I was to discover how cross-industry innovation is shaping our future and strengthening our global
business networks. Don’t forget to check out our website.”

For example, Extended Reality (XR) and robotics are revolutionising the operating room and in manufacturing. Artificial intelligence (AI) is creating entirely new
concepts of mobility. Nanotechnology is driving new product development.
In Bavaria, radical out-of-the box thinking is shaping new and exciting businessideas by leaving silo thinking behind. This brochure will tell you all about it –and what it means for your business. In a nutshell, here are the four key reasons
why cross-industry innovation flourishes in Bavaria:

1.1

2.2

Diverse business landscapeBavaria is not only one of the mostsuccessful and multifaceted manufacturing locations in Europe. It’s also
home to strong non-industrial sectors
like FinTech, logistics and health. This
diversity creates unique cross-industry
business opportunities. (pages 6–9)

Effective networks
Bavaria has always been good atbringing together not just entrepreneurs and established companies,
but also scientists and intellectuals
to drive innovation. (pages 10–13)

3.3

4
4.

Access to talentSome of the world’s leading universities and research institutions call
Bavaria home – along with a firstclass higher education system.
In addition, vocational training anddual-study programs offer solid skills
and hands on experience from thestart. (pages 14–17)

Glocal perspectives
The strong presence of non-native global players in Bavaria alone helps youconnect with international markets.
Bavarian companies always look wellbeyond their home markets. Taking a
glocal perspective drives innovation athome and international competitiveness. That’s why their success opens
new markets for you. (pages 18–21)

4

OVERVIEW | 5

Hot topics wherecross-industry innovation
makes an impact.
Cross-industry innovation is happening in almost all sectors ofbusiness. Here are seven topics that are making headlines in Bavaria.

Fin- & InsurTech

Technology and new business models are revolutionising the banking and insurance sector – andwe’re not just talking about Blockchain technology.
Drone technology is helping insurance companies
settle claims faster and fraud detection basedon big data is delivering robust security solutions.
Bavaria is home to many key players in the financial
sector who work with start-ups and research teams
to embrace these new opportunities.
Read more

Extended Reality (XR)

You think Augmented and Virtual Reality are
just for kicks? Think again. Exciting new applications are being developed for everything frommental healthcare to engineering and city planning. With its strong base in the film, gamingand entertainment industry, Bavaria alreadyknows how to use its creative prowess to forge
new paths.
Read more

Artificial Intelligence (AI)What if machines make smarter decisions andeliminate human error? The Bavarian governmentis investing heavily in research that puts AI togood use, with universities and research institutions acting as key drivers. AI is a prime exampleof cross-industry innovation in Bavaria that is
gaining importance in almost all business sectors:
from automotive to healthcare to procurement.
Read more

IoT & Industry 4.0

IT- & Cybersecurity

Health, MedTech& Life Sciences

Mobility & Aerospace

Bavaria has a strong manufacturing heritage, so
all technologies enabling faster, more flexible
and more efficient processes to produce better
goods at less cost take center stage. Fromrobotics to adaptive manufacturing – there aremany new solutions that are revolutionising theshop floor here.
Read more

With digital transformation encompassing all
walks of life and business, answers to tough IT
security and cyber security problems are crucial.
Bavarians take data security and privacy as seriously as the rest of Germany and are innovating
on it in areas as varied as banking and building
access control. The EU has selected Bavaria as oneof four project locations to be part of a European
network for cyber security.
Read more
The days when life science was the exclusive
realm of doctors, biologists and chemists are longgone in Bavaria. Today, they are working alongsideengineers and data scientists to develop powerful
new solutions for diagnostics and therapy. Bavaria’s
high-profile universities spearhead some of themost exciting cross-functional research here.
Read more

How will personal mobility and logistics work in
the future? Reinventing the way people and goods
move from A to B is unthinkable without crossindustry innovation. From sustainable propulsion
to smart logistic networks to autonomous driving:With its strong background in the automotive
industry, Bavaria is leading new developments,
not just on the ground, but in space as well.
Read more

See pages 22–23 for a comprehensive list of resources.

6

DIVERSE BUSINESS LANDSCAPE | 7

Looking for business
opportunities?
Bavaria’s diverse economic
landscape nurtures crossindustry innovation success.

“Bavaria’s strong industrial heritage gives it anenviable position of economic strength. It continuously reinvents itself as an economic powerhouseof the future. If you are a global entrepreneur witha strong vision, you will thrive here and not justbecause of a large potential new customer base.”

Got bold plans?
A healthy and diverse economy is the best basis forcross-industry innovation. Check out Bavaria’s numbers.
Bavaria is one of Europe’s most powerful economic engines:
If it were a country, its population of 13.1 million would make it
the eighth largest country in the EU by population. With a grossdomestic product (GDP) of €610 billion in 2020, it accounts for
one-fifth of Germany’s economic performance.
Bavaria’s real GDP has grown by 70 % between 2000 and 2020.
Thanks to its strength in a wide variety of future-oriented industry
and service sectors and a highly diversified economy, the overall
positive trend is set to continue.
BAVARIATOP MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY SECTORS*

29.3 %

21.4 %

Vehicles & components
14.3 %

12.9 %

mechanical engineering
8.1 %
7.8 %
6.3 %

IT, electronics, optics

4.4 %

5.1 %
6.1 %

4.6 %

Metal products
Chemical products

4.0 %Rubber/plastic goods

Share of gross value
added by industry.

9.2 %Food productsElectrical equipment

4.3 %23.0 %

8.1 %
4.2 %

* Percentage share in overall manufacturing revenues 2020; Source: Bavarian Ministry of Economics

Bavaria’s Minister of Economic Affairs Hubert Aiwanger comments:“Bavaria is the economic powerhouse of Germany. To keep it that way, we continue
to invest heavily in our economy’s cutting-edge fields of the future.”

8

DIVERSE BUSINESS LANDSCAPE | 9

Are you inventing the future?
Bavaria is not just about big business. It’s also
about smart disruption and thriving on innovation.
Discover the opportunities.
Many studies cite Bavaria as one of the most future-proof locations in Europe. Leadingindustries such as engineering, vehicles and components as well as non-industrial
sectors such as healthcare and insurance form the traditional pillars of its economic
prosperity, but they continually reinvent themselves to remain competitive well into
the future. This is where cross-industry innovation comes into play.
Established blue chip players such as BMW, Munich RE and Siemens have put Bavaria on themap, but it doesn’t stop there. Large companies and Bavaria’s so-called hidden champions
are building the future by working together. A symbiosis of in-company teams, start-ups,
university think tanks and science hubs join ranks to break out of old moulds to create thebusinesses of the future. They do this by embracing the technologies of extended reality (XR),
IoT, clean tech and artificial intelligence (AI), to name just a few.

Ready forbusiness withoutborders?
Bavaria’s business culture takes
a global perspective.
Meet like-minded people.
Bavaria is a hub for global business. No other
German city is home to more DAX-listedcompanies than Bavaria’s capital of Munich.

Electromobility is challenging car manufacturers and their suppliers in many
new ways – for example, by demanding
a reduction in the weight of cars. Dräxlmeier, a leading automotive supplier,rose to the challenge by working with
GIZ GmbH, a German development
organisation, to pilot direct sourcing
from small scale farmers in Bangladesh.
As a result, today kenaf is used in BMW
i3’s door trim, contributing to weight
reduction and a more sustainableapproach to manufacturing.

The huge, global problem of plastic
waste has now reached a tipping point.
This has inspired adidas to commit toend plastic waste through innovationand new partnerships.
It is a founding member of Parley for
the Oceans, a global network of cretors,
thinkers and leaders from brands,
governments and environmentalgroups. Since 2012, adidas has worked
with Parley to transform marine plastic
debris into high-performance appareland footwear.

Global companies thrive on Bavaria’s combination of economic power and innovative drive.
The numbers tell the story: 37 of the world’s
50 most innovative companies have a basein Bavaria. One of them is the internet giant
Google. Wieland Holfelder, Vice-President
Engineering at Google Germany, says:“Bavaria is a very lively IT hub in Germany
and Europe. It provides a unique ecosystemthat is supported by a strong industry, innovative and successful start-ups, the presenceof worldwide recognised universities (e.g.
TUM, LMU), as well as international research
institutes (e.g. the Max Planck Society,
Fraunhofer, DLR).”See pages 22–23 for a comprehensive list of resources.

Get started now!
Bavaria is one of the best European locations
for your business. Invest in Bavaria can help
you tap into its thriving economy and cultureof innovation. There are several ways we can
support you setting up your business in Bavaria:— Finding partners: We can point you towards
appropriate networking opportunities.
— Boosting new business: Invest in Bavaria
knows that cross-industry innovation is a
catalyst for growth. Take advantage ofBavaria’s extensive pool of both large andsmall companies to acquire new customers.
We can give you a comprehensive overview
so you can get started quickly.
— Finding locations: The Oktoberfest andLederhosen made Munich famous wellbeyond Germany’s borders, but it’s justone of many great Bavarian locations forbusiness. Many successful companies are
situated elsewhere in Bavaria. We canassist you in finding a location in Bavariathat fulfills your business needs.

10

EFFECTIVE NETWORKS | 11

“In Bavaria, 17 high-tech clusters create
smart networks where cross-industry
innovation thrives.”

Looking for a cross-industry
innovation partner?
Bavaria’s proven Cluster Initiative could be
your key to success.
A culture of smart networking has been institutionalised in Bavaria since 2006 with theso-called “Cluster Initiative Bavaria”. Clusters are networking platforms that bring together
local companies, universities, research institutions and independent experts to create aunique hotbed for innovation, backed by the Bavarian government.

Want to network smarter?
In Bavaria, you’ll meet plentyof like-minded people.

A total of 17 clusters around five key megatrends (Digitalisation, Energy, Health, Materials
and Mobility) have been created. The success of this concept is self-evident: Most of theBavarian cluster teams have been awarded a bronze, silver or gold label by the EU-backed
European Cluster Excellence Initiative.

Cluster platforms are the key to making cross-industry innovation projects work. For example, the “Bayerische Zukunftsinitiative Assistenzrobotik” (Bavarian Future Initiative
Assistance Robotics) uses technology that was designed for space exploration to create
robotic systems to assist people with disabilities and physical impairments. In GarmischPartenkirchen, Bavaria will set up its own Healthcare Robotics Centre.
Projects bring together a diverse group of players including the German Aerospace Centre(DLR); the the Caritas Association of the archdiocese of Munich and Freising; the Technical
University of Munich; Franka Emika, a leading manufacturer of industrial robotics; andReactive Robotics, a developer of medical robotics. Hospitals and nursing homes acrossBavaria are also involved in developing unique new healthcare concepts.

12

EFFECTIVE NETWORKS | 13

Want to start cross-border
networking?
Break out of the domestic market with like-mindedinternationalists in Bavaria.
When the Cluster Initiative Bavaria was launched, it focused on strengthening
local networks and alliances. The cluster management teams have since expanded to increasingly emphasise the creation of strong international alliances.
For example, Kawasaki City, with its world-class open-innovation site King Skyfront, and the cluster management organisation BioM, which coordinates theMunich and Bavarian Biotechnology Clusters, have created an active cooperation scheme.
Joint initiatives include matching support for cooperation projects, an exchange
of information about each region’s new technologies, industry developments
and academic potential. They also share best practices in small and medium
enterprise support in addition to sharing technology.

Ready to go?
Start building your network in Bavaria now. We can point the way:
– If you are interested in effective networking in Bavaria, we can connect you
with the cluster universe, digital hubs and other suitable institutions for yourbusiness.
– Next to the Cluster Initiative Bavaria and the Digital Hubs there are manyother networking platforms that cater to specific topics and sectors.
We can help you find your way.
– Learn more about Bavaria’s leading think tanks and research institutions
on our website.
– Visit Bayern Innovativ, Bavaria’s leading innovation initiator and accelerator,
for further information and inspiration.
See pages 22–23 for a comprehensive list of resources.

Are you a digitalcross-industry innovator?
Discover networking opportunities in Bavaria’s digital hubs.
In addition to the cluster strategy, the German government established the so called
Digital Hub Initiative in 2016. The concept: established companies, researchers, founders and investors work together in the hubs to promote the digital transformation of
products and services. Digital hubs provide an ideal breeding ground for cross-industry
innovation projects in an energizing environment that is not just focused on local
business but on making strong ideas work on a global scale.
Three of these hubs are based in Bavaria: InsurTech, Mobility and Digital Health. Also,
the InsurTech and Digital Health hubs have joined forces to create H+, a cross-industry
innovation programme focussing on digital health solutions.
InsurTech		

Mobility		

Digital Health

Location		

Munich		Munich		Nuremberg/Erlangen

Focus Areas

IoT, Industry 4.0,
Artificial Intelligence,
Digital Health,
Mobility, Smart
Cities, AssetManagement andCybersecurity

Flexible andnetworked mobility

Big Data, Artificial
Intelligence, IoT

Corporate Partners e.g. Allianz SE, ARAG,
Die Bayerische,
Generali Deutschland,
HUK-Coburg, LV 1871,
Munich Re,NÜRNBERGER
Versicherung,Versicherungskammer Bayern,
Wayra and Treefin.

e.g. Audi, BMW,
Daimler, Facebook,Nokia, SAP, Stadtwerke München,
ADAC, AISIN AW,
Infineon, TÜV Süd

e.g. Siemens,
Healthineers, adidas,
Nürnberger Versicherung, Novartis

See pages 22–23 for a comprehensive list of resources.

14

ACCESS TO TALENT | 15

„Academic excellence and world-class research thrives in Bavaria,
thanks to its network of universities and research institutions.“

Smart young people wanted?
Bavaria’s rich landscape of learning institutions willsupercharge your business.
Over 400,000 students were enrolled at universities in Bavaria in the 2020/21 winter term, anumber that has nearly doubled over the last 20 years. Approximately 15% of these students
came from abroad. This means that each year the Bavarian university system turns out a significant number of hungry and open-minded young people who are ready to launch their careers.
But professional education doesn’t just happen at universities: Vocational training programmes,
a distinctive feature of Germany’s education system, offer a strategic combination of training
on the job and classroom education. In 2018, approximately 240,000 young people were employed as vocational trainees in Bavaria.
Finding talent, by the way, is not limited to the state’s major metropolitan areas: Both top
universities and exciting job opportunities can be found all over Bavaria.

Hof

CoburgBayreuthAschaffenburg

Bamberg

UNIVERSITIES IN BAVARIA: AN OVERVIEW

Würzburg
Sulzbach-Rosenberg
AmbergErlangenAnsbach Nuremberg

Looking for talent?
Bavaria is fertile ground forthe cross-industry innovation
leaders of tomorrow.
Neu-Ulm

BayreuthAschaffenburg

Regensburg

Bamberg
Würzburg

Deggendorf

Ingolstadt
Landshut

PassauFreising/WeihenstephanNon-university research institutions:
Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Leibniz Associations
Max Planck Society institutes
Helmholtz Associations
Fraunhofer Society and Institutes

Sulzbach-Rosenberg
AmbergErlangenAnsbach Nuremberg

Augsburg

Oberpfaffenhofen Planegg

State universities
University hospitals
State universities of applied sciences/
Technical universities
Art colleges

Hof

CoburgRegensburg

Starnberg Holzkirchen Rosenheim

Non-university research institu
Bavarian Academy of Scien
Leibniz Associations
Max Planck Society institu
Helmholtz Associations
Fraunhofer Society and Ins

Deggendorf

Ingolstadt

MunichLandshut

PassauFreising/Weihenstephan

Neu-Ulm

Augsburg

KemptenOberpfaffenhofen Planegg

State universities
University hospitals
State universities of applie
Technical universities
Art colleges

MunichStarnberg Holzkirchen Rosenheim
KemptenSource: stmwk.bayern.de

16

How can higher educationin Bavaria support you?
Bavarian universities drive SuperTech Innovation.
It’s not just the quantity of students in Bavaria that provide
talent for future-driven businesses; It’s also the quality. An
increasing number of students are majoring in so-called MINT
subjects (the German acronym for Math, IT, Science and Technology) – degree programmes whose graduates are sought afterby cross-industry innovation teams.

ACCESS TO TALENT | 17

Seeking to bridge the gaps forcross-industry innovation?
Bavaria shows you the way with its interdependent
universities and institutions.
Over the past decades, universities have broken down silos to create
opportunities for cross-functional innovation. On the one hand, initiatives
such as TranslaTUM (see below) bring together scientists from different
faculties to work on interdisciplinary research projects. On the other hand,
the majority of Bavarian universities have programs in place to turncutting-edge research into business ideas.
Let’s take a look at two highly successful cases:

Universities not only educate, they also function as importantresearch and innovation hubs. The Bavarian government invests
heavily in university research to maintain its world-class standard. For example, as part of its Hightech Agenda and Hightech
Agenda Plus programmes it is investing 3,5 billion Euros in R&D
in future technologies – including massive funding for Artificial
Intelligence and so-called SuperTech sectors such as Aviation,
Quantum Technology and Clean Tech. All of these industries
thrive on cross-industry innovation.
In addition, Bavarian universities work closely with many of
the world class research centres based here: Both the application oriented Fraunhofer Society and the fundamental research
conducting Max Planck Society have several locations in Bavaria,
often located in the vicinity of relevant companies.

The Technical University of Munich has
created a unique center for translational oncology research at the University
Hospital rechts der Isar: TranslaTUM.
Engineers and preclinical scientists
work on joint projects to find new
ways of curing cancer, including:– Innovations in diagnosis and medication and the development of newtreatment paradigms– Novel sensing, imaging and analytical techniques that lead both toearlier diagnosis of cancer and thepromotion of precision medicine.

See pages 22–23 for a comprehensive list of resources.

The Institute for Software & Systems
Engineering at the University ofAugsburg has created the Robotics API
software architecture that enables
users to program complex, real-time
critical tasks for robots in Java.
Developed closely with both local andinternational active companies, it has
been implemented by KUKA for programming their innovative lightweight
cobot LBR iiwa. It serves as a primeexample of how research at universities
is put into practice by companies.

18

GLOCAL PERSPECTIVES | 19

“Global players such as BMW, Audi and Allianz are
known worldwide, but the real driving force behind
Bavaria’s glocal economy is its “Mittelstand”.”

You think that beer is Bavaria’s
most popular export hit?
Think again! The state’s economy is well-connected
all over the world.
Over the past three decades the Bavarian economy has been
growing by record numbers. In 2019 exports valued approximately
190 billion Euros annually. At the same time, around 193 billion
Euros worth of goods were imported.
However, it is not just large companies that are doing businessglobally. In fact, it is the “Mittelstand” (German word for medium
sized companies) that is significantly contributing to international
business success.

Are you a glocal player?
Bavaria will help you turnideas into reality.

BAVARIAKey numbers on
Bavarian SMEs:

99.6 %

Percent of allcompanies

In 2020, va-Q-tec was awarded “Innovator of the Year” by
the TOP100 jury. The company offers high-performance
thermal insulation components for various products,
e.g. refrigerators. By now, it entered the internationaltemperature controlled logistics market with its global
TempChain network. va-Q-tec is effectively reinventing
itself – from component manufacturer to logistics service
provider – radical innovation based on insight into clients’needs and new market potential. Thus it become not
only one of the main players contributing to the international and national distribution of the Corona vaccine.

76 %Percent of all
full-time employees
Source: stmwi.bayern.de20

GLOCAL PERSPECTIVES | 21

Are you the next
hidden champion?
Many Bavarian medium sized companies are super-innovatorswith a glocal perspective.
Hidden champions are market leaders in specialty, niche areas. With 457 companies, Germany is full of these powerhouses – and of these, Bavaria has 97. These
companies are intensely focused on being the very best in their field. To do this,they are always looking for new partnerships and ways to cocreate “the next big
thing”. Cross-industry innovation is often the way forward.
Many of these companies are deeply rooted in the region where they are headquartered, but their markets and partnerships extend throughout the entire world –a truly “glocal” approach to business.

Krones, a world leading packaging and bottling machine manufacturer, stands out as a prime example of Bavaria’s hidden
champions. Based in Regensburg in the Upper Palatinate region,it has set up an innovation lab at TechBase Regensburg, theregion’s leading digital start-up centre that maintains close
ties to local universities.

Looking forthe good life?
Expats and locals alike enjoy
the Bavarian lifestyle.
Bavaria’s mix of majestic mountains, sparkling lakes and cosmopolitan lifestyle in a safe
environment is a major reason to settle here.
Time and again, the region has been voted
one of the world’s best places to live alongside
cities like Vancouver, Melbourne or Singapore.
People from all over the world come here for thebusiness and cross-industry innovation opportunities – and they stay for the quality of life.

The inspiration for this lab was to create an innovative space
where cutting-edge technologies and digital business models
can be developed and tested. It was recently named one of the
top 10 digital innovation units of major corporations in Germany
by one of the top German business magazines, Capital.

Concept Laser pioneered metal-based 3D printing and was
ranked as one of the world‘s market leaders in this segment.
Founded in 2000 in Lichtenfels in Upper Franconia and acquired
by GE Additive in 2016, it completed construction of its
innovative “3D campus” in 2021. From its base in Lichtenfels,
GE Additive helps companies in the aerospace, automotive andmedical industries reimagine their production processes withsmarter, more customised solutions.
See pages 22–23 for a comprehensive list of resources.

Want to be partof the action?
If you would like to build your start-up in one
of Bavaria’s start-up-centres, you may be
eligible for funding from Invest in Bavaria’s
Ois Easy Programme. A comprehensive list of
all centres and details about the programme
can be found here.
If you are looking for interesting investment
opportunities, BayStartUp can help you selectand qualify suitable start-ups.

22

RESOURCES AND INSIGHTS | 23

Curious and hungry for more?
Here are a few key links to help you navigate the uniqueBavarian cross-industry innovation ecosystem.
Our services– Find out how Invest in Bavaria can help you get started with yourcross-industry innovation project.
– Check out Ois Easy, the package for young start-ups from abroad.
Start-up centres and accelerators– Get a comprehensive list of digital start-up centres and see how they
connect cross-industry innovation partners.
– Download an infographic with a list of Bavarian accelerator programs
by industry.
Clusters and hubs
– Find a comprehensive overview of Bavarian clusters and examplesof cross-industry collaboration here.
– Find more information on the Digital Hub Initiative.
Universities and research institutions– A list of Bavaria’s universities is available here.
– If you are looking for a listing of their international offices, click here.
– Get an overview of cross-industry innovation at Bavaria’s universities
of applied sciences.
– Major research institutions involved in cross-industry innovation arelisted here.

News and updates– If you want to keep up to date about cross-industry innovationin Bavaria, register for our newsletter here.
– Visit the website of our colleagues at Bayern Innovativ
for ongoing updates.
Finally, if you want to contact us directly, click here.

We are looking forward to talking
cross-industry innovation with you.

Bavarian Ministry of
Economic Affairs,
Regional Development
and Energy

Contact
Invest in Bavaria –The business promotion agencyof the Free State of Bavaria at
Bayern International GmbHPrinzregentenstrasse 2280538 Munich | Germany
Phone: +49 89 24210 7500
Fax: +49 89 24210 7557
welcome@invest-in-bavaria.com
www.invest-in-bavaria.com

This brochure is published as part of the public relations activities of Invest in Bavaria, the business promotion agencyof the Free State of Bavaria at Bayern International GmbH. It is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved. This brochureis provided free of charge; any dissemination in exchange for payment is prohibited. The brochure was prepared with theutmost care. Nevertheless, no guarantee of accuracy and completeness of the contents can be assumed.