住 貴宏 (阪大)large mission Concept
Four large mission concept studies started in Jan
2016 to prepare for Astro2020 Decadal Survey
 LUVOIR Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx)
 Origins Space Telescope (formerly Far-IR Surveyor)
 Lynx (formerly X-Ray Surveyor)

LUVOIR aperture: (on-axis)
 Plan A 15.1m is for the 8 meter SLS fairing.
 Plan B 9.2m fit to Delta IV Heavy 5m fairing
L2, Serviceable

WFIRST

Jamie Doe (Acme University)

Awesome Conference
Exotic Location
DateWhat is LUVOIR ?

Crab Nebula with HST ACS/WFCCredit: NASA / ESA

Large UV / Optical / Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR)
A space telescope concept in tradition of Hubble
 Broad science capabilities
 Far-UV to Near-IR bandpass
 ~ 8 – 16 m aperture diameter Suite of imagers and spectrographs
 Serviceable and upgradable
 Hubble-like guest observer program“Space Observatory for the 21st Century”
Ability to answer questions we have not yet conceived
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept5

Imagine astronomy without Hubble …
Hubble Ultra Deep Field(ultra-deep imaging)

Eagle Nebula(high resolution over wide field)
Jupiter’s aurora(UV, global monitoring)

July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

6Imagine astronomy with LUVOIR …

July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

7

Imagine astronomy with LUVOIR …
Europa jets observedwith HST

Roth et al. (2014)
July 26, 2017

Europa jets observedwith 15-m LUVOIRUV hydrogen emission
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

Credit: G. Ballester (LPL)
8

Imagine astronomy with LUVOIR …

Pluto with HST

Pluto with 15-m LUVOIRCredit: W. Harris (LPL)

July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

9Characterizing Earth 2.0 …
Solar System from 13 parsec
with coronagraph and 12-m telescope

Inner working angle~4λ/DCredit: L. Pueyo / M. N’Diaye / A. Roberge
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

10Characterizing Earth 2.0 …
Distance = 10 pc
Dtelescope = 12-m
R = 150
Time = 96 hrs perband

Solar System from 13 parsec
with coronagraph and 12-m telescope

Inner working angle~4λ/DCredit: L. Pueyo / M. N’Diaye / A. Roberge
July 26, 2017

Credit: T. Robinson / G. Arney

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

11

The search for life – biosignatures
Rayleigh scattering

Spectrum of Modern Earth

0.4 microns
July 26, 2017

2.4 microns
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

12

The search for life – biosignatures
Rayleigh scattering
O2

Spectrum of Modern Earth

0.4 microns
July 26, 2017

2.4 microns
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

13

The search for life – biosignatures
Rayleigh scattering
O2Spectrum of Modern Earth

Water vapor

0.4 microns
July 26, 2017

2.4 microns
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

14

The search for life – biosignatures
Rayleigh scattering
O2Spectrum of Modern Earth

Water vapor

0.4 microns
July 26, 2017

Methane

2.4 microns
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

15

Reality check …
Telescope background
dominates

Distance = 10 pc
Dtelescope = 12-m
Ttelescope = 260 K
R = 150
Time = 96 hrs perband

Credit: T. Robinson / G. Arney
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept16Confirming biosignatures
Access to many molecules is essential for understanding
state of atmosphere 0.2 – 2.5 μm contains absorption bands of O2, O3, O4, H2O,CO, CO2, CH4

Access to multiple bands of same molecule aids
abundance measurement
Broad spectral bandpass and UV spectrum of star canlikely rule out false positive oxygen biosignatures
Since IWA ~ λ / D, observing hab. zone planets at longer
wavelengths demands larger telescope aperture
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

17

ExoEarth candidate survey yield

16-m telescope
Spectra of~ 100 exoEarthcandidates
Over 500 total exoplanets
observed
Stark et al. (2014)
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept18

Imagine astronomy with LUVOIR …

Galaxy at z = 2
with HST
July 26, 2017

Galaxy at z = 2
with 12-m LUVOIRBig Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

19How do galaxies assemble their stars?

Andromeda with Hubble
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

20How do galaxies assemble their stars?

HSTJWST
8-m
LUVOIR
16-m LUVOIR
Map of Galaxies within 12 Mpc of Our Galaxy= Large Elliptical Galaxy

Andromeda with Hubble
July 26, 2017

= Dwarf Galaxy= Large Spiral Galaxy
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

21

The LUVOIR architectures
Architecture A 15-m diameter telescope Four instruments

Instruments
Coronagraph A
LUMOS A
High-Definition Imager
POLLUX

Architecture B
 ~ 9-m diameter telescope Three instruments

July 26, 2017

Instruments
Coronagraph B
LUMOS BONIRSBig Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

22

The LUVOIR instruments
Observational challenge
Faint planets next to bright stars

Solution
Optical / Near-IR Coronagraph

Suppress starContrast < 10-10 to observe exoEarths
Multi-resolution spectroscopy
Bandpass: 0.2 μm to 2.5 μm
Tech development via WFIRST
coronagraph
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

Transmit planet

Vector vortex coronagraphCredit: D. Mawet (Caltech)
23

The LUVOIR instruments
Observational challenge
No UV through Earth’s atmosphereSolution
LUMOS
Multi-object spectroscopy (R = 500 –45,000)
Bandpass: 100 nm to 400 nm
UV imaging
Major upgrade of HST STIS
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

HST STIS UV instrument
24

The LUVOIR instruments
Observational challenge
Imaging wide fields at high resolution

Solution
High-Definition Imager
2 x 3 arcmin field-of-view
Bandpass: 0.2 μm to 2.5 μm
High precision astrometry capability(measure planet masses, etc.)
Major upgrade of HST WFC3
HST Wide Field Camera 3
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept25

The LUVOIR instruments
Observational challenge
Measuring warm molecules present inEarth’s atmosphereSolution

Credit: Natasha Batalha

Optical / Near-IR SpectrographMultiple resolutions up to R ~ 105
High photometric precision (transits)
Possibly high precision RV capability
Ground-based analogs indevelopment
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

ESPRESSO spectrographfor VLT (Credit: ESO)
26

POLLUX: a European contribution to theBased on ARAGO(M5)LUVOIR mission study} POLLUX is a concept for a UV spectro-polarimeter with highresolution point-source capability (R ~ 105)
} Complementary to the LUMOS instrument} To be defined & designed by a consortium of 10 European

institutions, with leadership/support from CNES
} The conceptual study conducted by CNES could serve as asupport for a future ESA contribution
March 22, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept27Technological challenges
Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing
Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development
Compatibility of UV and coronagraphy
New lab work shows UV reflective mirrors are just fine forcoronagraphy
Ultra-high contrast observations with a segmented telescope
Coronagraphs can be designed for segmented telescopes.
Working hard to demonstrate needed system stability
Series of short, readable “LUVOIR Tech Notes” available at
http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/tech/
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept28

STDT voting members

Jacob Bean
(Chicago)

Daniela Calzetti(U Mass)

Rebekah Dawson(Penn State)

Lee Feinberg(NASA GSFC)

Kevin France(Colorado)

Olivier Guyon(Arizona)

Courtney Dressing(Caltech)

Debra Fischer Brad Peterson(Yale)(Ohio State / STScI)Mark Marley(NASA Ames)

Leonidas Moustakas(JPL)David Redding(JPL)

Jane Rigby(NASA GSFC)

July 26, 2017

John O’Meara(St. Michael’s)

Aki Roberge(NASA GSFC)

Vikki Meadows(Washington)

David Schiminovich(Columbia)

Walter Harris(Arizona / LPL)

Ilaria Pascucci(Arizona)

Marc Postman(STScI)

Laurent Pueyo(STScI)

Britney Schmidt(Georgia Tech)

Karl Stapelfeldt(JPL)

Jason Tumlinson(STScI)Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

29NameInstitutionRoleMario Perez

NASA HQ

Program scientistInternational
Ex-Officio
Non-Voting
Susan Neff
NASA GSFCCosmicOrigins Program chief scientist
Deborah Padgett
NASA GSFC
Cosmic Origins Program chief scientist
Members
Erin Smith

NASA HQ

Program scientist

Shawn Domagal-Goldman

NASA GSFC

Deputy study scientist

International Ex-Officio Non-Voting Members
NameInstitution

Role

Martin Barstow

Leicester

UK Space Agency representative

Lars Buchhave

Copenhagen

DASTI representative

Nicholas Cowan

McGill

CSA representative

Marc Ferrari

LAM

CNES representative

Ana Gomez de Castro

MadridSNPRDI representative

Thomas Henning

Max Planck

DLR representative

Antonella Nota

ESA

ESA representative

Takahiro SumiOsakaJAXA representative

Name

Institution

Role

Julie Crooke

GSFC

Study manager

Study OfficeHow we’re doing the study
Six Community Working Groups
 Exoplanets Cosmic Origins
 Solar System
 Simulations
 Communications
 TechnologyFive Instrument Teams
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept31Difference between LUVOIR and HabEx ?
Both LUVOIR and HabEx have two primary science goals
Habitable exoplanets & biosignatures

Broad range of general astrophysics

The two architectures will be driven by difference in focus
For LUVOIR, both goals are on equal footing. LUVOIR will be a general purpose“great observatory”, a successor to HST and JWST in the ~ 8 – 16 m classHabEx will be optimized for exoplanet imaging, but also enable a range of generalastrophysics. It is a more focused mission in the ~ 4 – 8 m class

Similar exoplanet goals, differing in quantitative levels of ambition
HabEx will explore the nearest stars to “search for” signs of habitability &biosignatures via direct detection of reflected lightLUVOIR will survey more stars to “constrain the frequency” of habitability &biosignatures and produce a statistically meaningful sample of exoEarths

The two studies will provide a continuum of options for a range of futures
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

32Get involved with LUVOIR
http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/

July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept33Summary
LUVOIR has multiple primary science goals① Habitable exoplanets & biosignatures② Broad range of general astrophysics and Solar

System observations
Challenge is to blend goals into single powerful mission
LUVOIR will provide a statistical study of Goal 1,factors of ~ 100 increased science grasp overHubble for Goal 2
Wide range of capabilities to enable decades of future
investigations and unexpected discoveries
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept34宇宙科学の今後20年の構想を検討する委員会（通称：20年委員会）
2014年末にISASから宇宙科学コミュニティにRFI（研究領域の目標・戦略・工程表提供のお願い）を送出し、集まった回答をISASがとりまとめています。
一方で、宇宙科学の将来計画を継続して改善していくために、今後20年ほどの長期ロードマップを理工学のコミュニティが主体となり提言する必要性が強く認識され、本委員会を設置し、検討を開始することになりました。
日本の宇宙理学/工学における現状の開発能力とこれまでに考えられている計画をISASが整理した「宇宙科学の実行戦略」文書を参考にして把握したうえで、候補となっているミッション構想の科学的価値や実現可能性を総合的に検討する。
・可能であればミッション構想に優先順位をつけ、理学と工学の競争的かつ協調的な発展による今後20年のロードマップを策定する。2030年代を見越した長期的な方向性を明確にしたうえで、2020年代になすべきこと、手に入れるべきキー技術を抽出する。シナリオは複数有って良い。
・RFI回答に示された各コミュニティの意見を反映しつつも、できるだけ自由な発想で構想を練っていただく。工学委員会では工学の視点からのミッション提案の方向性と技術開発戦略の構築を別途進めており、これと適宜やりとりしながら検討を進める。
・20年委員会は今後20年の構想に関する素案を作るとともに、理工学委員会と宇宙研との議論を経て、最終的な提言をまとめる。その際、理工学委員会が各コミュニティとの仲介の役割を担う。
・来年6月ごろまでに素案をまとめることを目指して作業を行なう。
・なお、20年委員会の委員各位には大変な作業をお願いすることになるが、日本の宇宙科学の突破口となる案を作っていただくよう上記の内容について依頼し、理工学委員会幹事団がそれをサポートする。

光近赤外天文学の将来20年の展望
l2025年~WFIRSTへの参加
l2030年後半～ （SPICA以後）

海外大型計画への参加
 LUVOIR Space Telescope（超大型汎用）
 HabEx Space Telescope（生命探査専用）
国内戦略的中型
 WISH？以外はないのが実情ー＞課題LUVOIR Architecture A (15-m)
July 26, 2017

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

Credit: A. Jones (GSFC)
37