The World Anti-Doping CodeTHE 2007
PROHIBITED LISTINTERNATIONAL
STANDARD

The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be
published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English
and French versions, the English version shall prevail.

This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2007

September 16, 2006

THE 2007 PROHIBITED LISTWORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE
Valid 1 January 2007

The use of any drug should be limited to medically justified
indications
SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES(IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S1. ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic agents are prohibited.
1.

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

a. Exogenous* AAS, including:1-androstendiol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol ); 1-androstendione (5αandrost-1-ene-3,17-dione); bolandiol (19-norandrostenediol); bolasterone;boldenone; boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione); calusterone;clostebol; danazol (17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4-eno[2,3-d]isoxazole);
dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta1,4-dien-3-one); desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en17β-ol); drostanolone; ethylestrenol (19-nor-17α-pregn-4-en-17-ol);fluoxymesterone; formebolone; furazabol (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5αandrostano[2,3-c]-furazan); gestrinone; 4-hydroxytestosterone (4,17βdihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one); mestanolone; mesterolone; metenolone;methandienone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one);methandriol; methasterone (2α, 17α-dimethyl-5α-androstane-3-one-17β-ol);
methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9-dien-3-one); methyl-1testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-1-en-3-one);methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-3-one);methyltrienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one);methyltestosterone; mibolerone; nandrolone; 19-norandrostenedione(estr-4-ene-3,17-dione); norboletone; norclostebol; norethandrolone;
oxabolone; oxandrolone; oxymesterone; oxymetholone; prostanozol([3,2-c]pyrazole-5α-etioallocholane-17β-tetrahydropyranol); quinbolone;
stanozolol; stenbolone; 1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-The Prohibited List 2007September 16, 20062one); tetrahydrogestrinone (18a-homo-pregna-4,9,11-trien-17β-ol-3-one);
trenbolone and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar
biological effect(s).
b. Endogenous** AAS:
androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol); androstenedione (androst-4-ene3,17-dione); dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one) ;prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA); testosterone
and the following metabolites and isomers:
5α-androstane-3α,17α-diol; 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol; 5α-androstane3β,17α-diol; 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol; androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol;
androst-4-ene-3α,17β-diol; androst-4-ene-3β,17α-diol; androst-5-ene3α,17α-diol; androst-5-ene-3α,17β-diol; androst-5-ene-3β,17α-diol;
4-androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol); 5-androstenedione (androst-5ene-3,17-dione); epi-dihydrotestosterone; 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17one; 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one; 19-norandrosterone; 19noretiocholanolone.
Where an anabolic androgenic steroid is capable of being produced endogenously,a Sample will be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance where theconcentration of such Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or
any other relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete’s Sample so deviates from the range ofvalues normally found in humans that it is unlikely to be consistent with normal
endogenous production. A Sample shall not be deemed to contain a Prohibited
Substance in any such case where an Athlete proves that the concentration of theProhibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or the relevant ratio(s) inthe Athlete’s Sample is attributable to a physiological or pathological condition.
In all cases, and at any concentration, the Athlete’s sample will be deemed tocontain a Prohibited Substance and the laboratory will report an Adverse
Analytical Finding if, based on any reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS), thelaboratory can show that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin. In suchcase, no further investigation is necessary.
If a value in the range of levels normally found in humans is reported and thereliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not determined the exogenous origin of
the substance, but if there are indications, such as a comparison to endogenous
reference steroid profiles, of a possible Use of a Prohibited Substance, furtherinvestigation shall be conducted by the relevant Anti-Doping Organization byreviewing the results of any previous test(s) or by conducting subsequent test(s),in order to determine whether the result is due to a physiological or pathologicalcondition, or has occurred as a consequence of the exogenous origin of a
Prohibited Substance.

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When a laboratory has reported a T/E ratio greater than four (4) to one (1) andany reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) applied has not determined theexogenous origin of the substance, further investigation may be conducted by areview of previous tests or by conducting subsequent test(s), in order todetermine whether the result is due to a physiological or pathological condition, or
has occurred as a consequence of the exogenous origin of a Prohibited Substance.
If a laboratory reports, using an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS),
that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin, no further investigation isnecessary and the Sample will be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance.
When an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not been appliedand a minimum of three previous test results are not available, a longitudinal
profile of the Athlete shall be established by performing a minimum of three noadvance notice tests in a period of three months by the relevant Anti-Doping
Organization. If the longitudinal profile of the Athlete established by thesubsequent tests is not physiologically normal, the result shall be reported as anAdverse Analytical Finding.
In extremely rare individual cases, boldenone of endogenous origin can beconsistently found at very low nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) levels in urine.
When such a very low concentration of boldenone is reported by a laboratory andthe application of any reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not determinedthe exogenous origin of the substance, further investigation may be conducted bysubsequent tests. When an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has
not been applied, a longitudinal profile of the athlete shall be established by
performing a minimum of three no advance notice tests in a period of threemonths by the relevant Anti-Doping Organization. If the longitudinal profile of theAthlete established by the subsequent tests is not physiologically normal, theresult shall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
For 19-norandrosterone, an Adverse Analytical Finding reported by a laboratory is
considered to be scientific and valid proof of exogenous origin of the Prohibited
Substance. In such case, no further investigation is necessary.
Should an Athlete fail to cooperate in the investigations, the Athlete’s Sample
shall be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance.
2. Other Anabolic Agents, including but not limited to:
Clenbuterol, tibolone, zeranol, zilpaterol.
For purposes of this section:*“exogenous” refers to a substance which is not ordinarily capable of being
produced by the body naturally.
**“endogenous” refers to a substance which is capable of being produced by thebody naturally.

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S2. HORMONES AND RELATED SUBSTANCES
The following substances, including other substances with a similar chemicalstructure or similar biological effect(s), and their releasing factors, are prohibited:
1. Erythropoietin (EPO);
2. Growth Hormone (hGH), Insulin-like Growth Factors (e.g. IGF-1),
Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs);
3. Gonadotrophins (LH, hCG), prohibited in males only;
4. Insulin;
5. Corticotrophins.
Unless the Athlete can demonstrate that the concentration was due to aphysiological or pathological condition, a Sample will be deemed to contain aProhibited Substance (as listed above) where the concentration of the Prohibited
Substance or its metabolites and/or relevant ratios or markers in the Athlete’s
Sample so exceeds the range of values normally found in humans that it isunlikely to be consistent with normal endogenous production.
If a laboratory reports, using a reliable analytical method, that the Prohibited
Substance is of exogenous origin, the Sample will be deemed to contain a
Prohibited Substance and shall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
The presence of other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar
biological effect(s), diagnostic marker(s) or releasing factors of a hormone listed
above or of any other finding which indicate(s) that the substance detected is ofexogenous origin, will be deemed to reflect the use of a Prohibited Substance andshall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.

S3. BETA-2 AGONISTSAll beta-2 agonists including their D- and L-isomers are prohibited.
As an exception, formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline whenadministered by inhalation, require an abbreviated Therapeutic Use Exemption.
Despite the granting of any form of Therapeutic Use Exemption, a concentrationof salbutamol (free plus glucuronide) greater than 1000 ng/mL will be considered
an Adverse Analytical Finding unless the Athlete proves that the abnormal result
was the consequence of the therapeutic use of inhaled salbutamol.

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S4. AGENTS WITH ANTI-ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY
The following classes of anti-estrogenic substances are prohibited:
1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to, anastrozole,letrozole, aminoglutethimide, exemestane, formestane, testolactone.
2. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) including, but notlimited to, raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene.
3. Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not limited to,clomiphene, cyclofenil, fulvestrant.

S5. DIURETICS AND OTHER MASKING AGENTS
Masking agents are prohibited. They include:
Diuretics*, epitestosterone, probenecid, alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g.
finasteride, dutasteride), plasma expanders (e.g. albumin, dextran,hydroxyethyl starch) and other substances with similar biological effect(s).
Diuretics include:
acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlorthalidone,
etacrynic acid, furosemide, indapamide, metolazone, spironolactone,thiazides (e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide),triamterene, and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar
biological effect(s) (except for drosperinone, which is not prohibited).
*

A Therapeutic Use Exemption is not valid if an Athlete’s urine contains a diuretic
in association with threshold or sub-threshold levels of a Prohibited
Substance(s).

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PROHIBITED METHODS
M1. ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN TRANSFERThe following are prohibited:1.

Blood doping, including the use of autologous, homologous or heterologous
blood or red blood cell products of any origin.

2.

Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen, including
but not limited to perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified
haemoglobinproducts(e.g.
haemoglobin-based
bloodsubstitutes,microencapsulated haemoglobin products).

M2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION
1.

Tampering, or attempting to tamper, in order to alter the integrity andvalidity of Samples collected during Doping Controls is prohibited. Theseinclude but are not limited to catheterisation, urine substitution and/oralteration.

2.

Intravenous infusions are prohibited, except as a legitimate medicaltreatment.

M3. GENE DOPING
The non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements, or of the modulation ofgene expression, having the capacity to enhance athletic performance, isprohibited.

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SUBSTANCES AND METHODSPROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION
In addition to the categories S1 to S5 and M1 to M3 defined above,
the following categories are prohibited in competition:

PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S6. STIMULANTS
All stimulants (including both their (D- & L-) optical isomers where relevant) areprohibited, except imidazole derivatives for topical use and those stimulants
included in the 2007 Monitoring Program*.
Stimulants include:
Adrafinil, adrenaline**, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine,amphetaminil, benzphetamine, benzylpiperazine, bromantan, cathine***,clobenzorex, cocaine, cropropamide, crotetamide, cyclazodone,
dimethylamphetamine, ephedrine****, etamivan, etilamphetamine,etilefrine, famprofazone, fenbutrazate, fencamfamin, fencamine,
fenetylline, fenfluramine, fenproporex, furfenorex, heptaminol,
isometheptene, levmethamfetamine, meclofenoxate, mefenorex,
mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine (D-),
methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, pmethylamphetamine, methylephedrine****, methylphenidate, modafinil,
nikethamide, norfenefrine, norfenfluramine, octopamine, ortetamine,
oxilofrine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, pentetrazol,
phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, phenpromethamine, phentermine, 4phenylpiracetam (carphedon), prolintane, propylhexedrine, selegiline,sibutramine, strychnine, tuaminoheptane and other substances with a similar
chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
*The following substances included in the 2007 Monitoring Program (bupropion,caffeine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradol, pseudoephedrine,synephrine) are not considered as Prohibited Substances.
**
Adrenaline associated with local anaesthetic agents or by local administration(e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic) is not prohibited.
***
Cathine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5
micrograms per milliliter.
****
Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is prohibited when its
concentration in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per milliliter.

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A stimulant not expressly mentioned as an example under this section should beconsidered as a Specified Substance only if the Athlete can establish that thesubstance is particularly susceptible to unintentional anti-doping rule violations
because of its general availability in medicinal products or is less likely to be
successfully abused as a doping agent.

S7. NARCOTICSThe following narcotics are prohibited:buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), fentanyl and its
derivatives, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone,oxymorphone, pentazocine, pethidine.

S8. CANNABINOIDS
Cannabinoids (e.g. hashish, marijuana) are prohibited.

S9. GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS
All glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered orally, rectally,intravenously or intramuscularly. Their use requires a Therapeutic Use Exemption
approval.
Other routes of administration (intraarticular /periarticular/ peritendinous/
epidural/ intradermal injections and inhalation) require an Abbreviated
Therapeutic Use Exemption except as noted below.
Topicalpreparations
whenusedfor
dermatological(includingiontophoresis/phonophoresis), auricular, nasal, ophthalmic, buccal, gingival andperianal disorders are not prohibited and do not require any form of Therapeutic
Use Exemption.

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SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULARSPORTS
P1. ALCOHOL
Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited in-competition only, in the following sports.
Detection will be conducted by analysis of breath and/or blood. The dopingviolation threshold (haematological values) for each Federation is reported inparenthesis.
••••

Aeronautic (FAI)
Archery (FITA, IPC)
Automobile (FIA)
Boules (CMSB,IPC bowls)(0.20 g/L)
(0.10 g/L)
(0.10 g/L)
(0.10 g/L)••••

Karate (WKF)(0.10 g/L)
Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) (0.10 g/L)
for disciplines involving shooting
Motorcycling (FIM)(0.10 g/L)
Powerboating (UIM)(0.30 g/L)

P2. BETA-BLOCKERS
Unless otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited in-competition only, inthe following sports.
••
••
•
•
•
•
•
•

Aeronautic (FAI)
Archery (FITA, IPC) (also prohibitedout-of-competition)
Automobile (FIA)Billiards (WCBS)
Bobsleigh (FIBT)Boules (CMSB, IPC bowls)
Bridge (FMB)
Curling (WCF)
Gymnastics (FIG)
Motorcycling (FIM)

••
•
•
•
•

Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) for
disciplines involving shooting
Nine-pin bowling (FIQ)
Sailing (ISAF) for match racehelms only
Shooting (ISSF, IPC) (alsoprohibited out-of-competition)
Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski
jumping, freestyle aerials/halfpipe
and snowboard halfpipe/big air
Wrestling (FILA)

Beta-blockers include, but are not limited to, the following:
acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol,carvedilol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol,metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.

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SPECIFIED SUBSTANCES*“Specified Substances”* are listed below:
••••
•
•
•

All inhaled Beta-2 Agonists, except salbutamol (free plus glucuronide)
greater than 1000 ng/mL and clenbuterol;
Probenecid;
Cathine, cropropamide, crotetamide, ephedrine, etamivan, famprofazone,
heptaminol, isometheptene, levmethamfetamine, meclofenoxate,p-methylamphetamine, methylephedrine, nikethamide, norfenefrine,
octopamine, ortetamine, oxilofrine, phenpromethamine, propylhexedrine,
selegiline, sibutramine, tuaminoheptane, and any other stimulant not
expressly listed under section S6 for which the Athlete establishes that it
fulfils the conditions described in section S6;
Cannabinoids;
All Glucocorticosteroids;
Alcohol;
All Beta Blockers.

* “The Prohibited List may identify specified substances which are particularly
susceptible to unintentional anti-doping rule violations because of their generalavailability in medicinal products or which are less likely to be successfully abused
as doping agents.” A doping violation involving such substances may result in a
reduced sanction provided that the “…Athlete can establish that the Use of such a
specified substance was not intended to enhance sport performance…”

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