CICASP 10th Anniversary and PWS 12th International Symposium
Venue: Visitor Center at Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama

9:00

20th September (Fri)

21st September (Sat)

22nd September (Sun)(5min) PWS faculty meeting(10min) Presentation award ceremony(90min) Wildlife Research in Uganda
25min x 3 + 15min x1
9:30

Eric SandeCharles Masembe(120min) 10 years of CICASP: Making an Impact Within
and Beyond Academia in a Global Community

10:00

Moses Chermourt
Shintaro Ishizuka

Andrew MacIntosh,
Cintia Garai, Ryu Heungjin, Hikaru Wakamori
David Hill, Fred Bercovitch(Session Chair: Chie Hashimoto)

10:30(10min) Coffee break
11:00(75min) Behavior & Ecology
15min x 5

Nachiketha Sharma, Kim Mi Yeon, Mike Huffman

11:30

Registration Open
12:00
12:30
13:00
13:30
14:00
14:30

15:00
15:30
16:00
16:30

17:00

Himani Nautiyal, Sota Inoue(Session Chair: Takushi Kishida)

21:00(10 min) Closing remarks (Testuro Matsuzawa)(60min) Lunch break(10 min) Opening remarks (IDANI Gen'ichi)(55min) Human-Animal Conflict(95min) Primates in the lab and field

25min x 1 + 15min x 2(60 min) Buddha Seminar (Ministry of the Environment)[In Japanese]

25min x2+ 15min x 3
Simone Pika

(Session Chair: Satoshi Hirata)

Yuri Kawaguchi, Shenwen Xu, Nelson Broche(10min) Coffee breakAlexander Weiss(Session Chair: Yuko Hattori)(15min) Coffee break(120min+Communicating
Coffee break) Science:
SciCom Expert
session(120min)Panel onEngaging the Media, the Public, and Policy Makers
Panelists: David Kornhauser (Panel Moderator)

Helena Freitas,Raquel Costa, Otsuka Ryoma

Anthony Tosi, Richard Meindl
Danielle Jones, Cody Ruiz, Xu Zhihong(Session Chair: Ikuma Adachi)(10min) Coffee breakAyumi Koso, Amanda Alvarez(70min) Kent
University
State and(70min)Evolution& Ecology
II PRI Ⅱ
25min
x 1+15min+ 15min25min x1
x 3x 3

Facilitators: Andrew MacIntosh, Susumu Tomiya(Session Chair: Susumu Tomiya)

Wilson Chung, He
Tianmeng,
Wanye Lee
TianmenHe, Wanyee
Lee
Take Makiko (Session Chair: Lira Yu)
Michael Huffman (Session Chair: Lira Yu)(30min) Coffee break & preparing for poster session(30 min) Coffee break & preparing for poster session

Poster session

Poster session(light meals and soft drinks)

Get-together Party(meals and drinks)@ Rest Area, JMC(meals and drinks)

ッ セミナー 環境省イン ーンシッ 報告
進行：福島誠子, 報告者：越智咲穂, 義村弘仁, 鳥井朋恵

(95min) Evolution & Ecology I
25min x 2 + 15min x 3

Raymond Kunikane Terhune, Kei Kano,

Nerd Nite "A journey through time"

20:30(Chair: Satoshi Hirata)
Makerere Univ., Sorbonne-Nouvelle Univ.

(30 min) Onsite-Lab 15min x 2(light meals and soft drinks)

19:00

20:00

(10 min) Coffee break(30min) MOU between PWS and Mont-bell

18:30

19:30

(Session Chair: Andrew MacIntosh)Group photo & Lunch break

17:30
18:00

25min x 3 + 20min x 1 + 15min x 1 + 10min x 1(120min) Conserv' Session

JMC Monkeys in Chicago
We are delighted that our eight JMC Japanese monkeys
are very happy in their new home in Chicago. For us,
these monkeys are an expression of the friendship andcollaboration between the United States and Japan. For
more info, please visit snowmonkeys.org▼DonateHelp us to help primatesYour donation will enable us to let our primates live arich, interesting, and happy life. It further helps theirfellow primates living in the wild.

▼Zoo Hours

10:00 – 17:00 (Nov. – Feb.: 10:00 – 16:00)

Closed on Tuesday and Wednesday; and some additional
weekdays in January and February (open on public
holidays and in high season). Please check the calendar in
our website before your visit.

▼Admission Prices
One Day Ticket
AdultsElementary and JuniorHigh School Students

800 yen

400 yen

Providing Quality Care for Our Primates
We are committed to optimising the welfare of ourprimates every day. We do so by asking ourselves
every morning: “What can we do today to make theirlife even better?" There are new ideas and challenges
every day, and for maintaining the physical and mental
well-being of our primates, we need your help. Please
support our primates and make a donation easily via
the online donation form.
URL: https://fundexapp.jp/monkey/entry.php?lang=ENG

Under 2, Free

AdultsElementary and JuniorHigh School Students

Conservation of Natural Habitats
The wild habitat of primates is vanishing at an alarming
pace. That means, many of them will be extinct by thetime our children have grownup. There are many ways
to fight this development. Our approach is, together
with the local governments and people, to support theconservation and sustainable development of thesehabitats. But we can achieve this goal only with yourgenerous support.
Donor names will be posted in the JMC, on our
website and printed in our newsletter (unless you wish
to remain anonymous). Please let us know byspecifying this on your application form.

3000 yen

2000 yenTax Breaks for Residents of JapanThe Japan Monkey Centre (JMC) is a 'Public Interest
Incorporated Foundation', certified by the Japanese
Government to be acting in the public interest.
Therefore, all donations to the JMC are eligible for tax
breaks: deductible from your taxable income forincome tax.

+Englishu

JAPAN MONKEY CENTRE

Museum and Zoo for Nonhuman Primates
Preschool
Children(Ages 3 - 6)

300 yen▼JMC Membership

JMC membership provides great benefits and privileges
throughout the whole year. You get free admission to the
JMC, free parking, as well as special access to membersonly events.

Preschool
Children(Ages 3 - 6)

1500 yenSupporters: access to exclusive supporters’ website

5000 yen & Up

▼Access

The train station closest to the Japan Monkey Centre is theMeitetsu Inuyama Station; less than 30 min train-ride from
Nagoya Station. From Meitetsu Inuyama Station (East exit)
to the Japan Monkey Centre, it takes 5 min by bus or taxi,
or 20 min walking.

JAPAN MONKEY CENTRE

26 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-0081 Japan
Tel: +81 (0)568 61 2327
Fax.: +81 (0) 568 62 6823
www.japanmonkeycentre.org
twitter.com/JpnMonkeyCentre
動物取扱業：公益財団法人日本モンキーセンター 愛知県犬山市大字犬山字官林 26 番地
業種:展示 動尾第 510 号 業種：貸出し 動尾第 509 号 登録:平成 19 年 5 月 31 日
有効:平成 34 年 5 月 30 日 取扱責任者:木村直人

2018.11.03

Our Mission“A Window to Nature”
The Japan Monkey Centre (JMC) was founded in 1956
for primate research and conservation. Its other main
goal is to give all interested people a wealth of
information on their closest relatives. JMC runs a
unique zoo housing the world’s largest number of
nonhuman primate species and attracts visitors fromall over the world.

MAP① Visitor Centre, Museum Shop, Changing/Nursing Facilities
At the Visitor Centre, we have regular exhibitions
including taxidermist specimens, skeletons of
nonhuman primates, and a touch screen monitor toperform a memory test for chimpanzees at thePrimate Research Institute, Kyoto University. We also
hold special exhibitions on a wide variety of different
themes.
MAP② Madagascar House
This outdoor enclosure is in the form of an island
ringed by a deep moat, allowing the inhabitants toroam freely. Living on the island-enclosure are threedifferent species of lemurs found in the wild only in
Madagascar: brown lemurs, black lemurs, and ruffedlemurs.
MAP③ South American House
Here you can see tiny monkeys such as marmosets
and tamarins. They live in an indoor enclosure
maintained at a temperature of about 25°C tosimulate tropical jungle conditions. In the outdoor
enclosure, you can meet saki monkeys, woollymonkeys, spider monkeys, and capuchins living inSouth America. In a special room where day and night
light is reversed, nocturnal owl monkeys can be seen
moving about during our daytime.
MAP④ Asian House
Japanese macaques, also known as snow monkeys,
and living at the northern limit of the global range of
all nonhuman primates, can be seen here, along withother Asian monkeys such as rhesus macaques, toquemacaques, bonnet macaques, lion-tailed macaques,
pig-tailed macaques, Tibetan macaques, andFrancois’s lutongs.
MAP⑤ Wao Land
One of JMC’s must-see attractions are the free-ranging
ring-tailed lemurs, offering a close encounter withthem.
MAP⑥⑦ African Centre / Nocturnal Monkeys
Another star attraction is a chimpanzee family. You
can also see a gorilla searching for his meals, parts ofwhich the keepers hide earlier in various places within
the enclosure. Here you can also watch mandrills andnocturnal monkeys including pottos and lesser slow
lorises.

MAP⑧ African House
This house shows brightly-colored monkeys including
hamadryas baboons. Colobus monkeys presents theirstrikingly beautiful black and white markings. You canalso meet Schmidt's guenons, moustached guenons,
patas monkeys, savannah monkeys, and Barbary
macaques here.

Visitor Centre

MAP⑪ Monkey Scramble
Here, you can enjoy siamangs brachiating (moving byswinging arm by arm) at a height of 15 meters(MAP11-1: Big Loop). Very impressing are also the
Geoffroy's spider monkeys moving back and forthacross a 100-meter-long suspension bridge (MAP11-3:
Monkey Skyway). Don't forget to look up to see one ofour greatest attractions — and keep an eye out formonkey excrements! (Dangerous Zone)
MAP ⑪-2 Squirrel Monkey Land
One of our highlights is a close encounter with Bolivian
squirrel monkeys, moving freely within the dense
undergrowth on a small island. Of all their food,
Bolivian squirrel monkeys love to eat insects most. So,

1

2

3

6

4

MAP⑨ Baboon Castle
Over seventy Anubis baboons can be watched fromthis rooftop viewing deck.
MAP⑩ Monkey Valley
From this observation platform, you can see about 160
Japanese Yaku-macaques, showing the behavior ofwashing sweet potatoes and other food in a pond.
They put the sweet potatoes inside the water and rub
them against rocks. Sweet potato washing in Japanesemacaques was first observed in a natural troop in
Koshima Islet, Japan. Though rubbing behavior is quite
common in macaques, the behavior of rubbing objects
in water is rare. It can be easily observed during themonkeys’ feeding time. You may also see otherinteresting behaviors like Saru-dango, tool use, andnoise making with stones.
From the late December until the end of February, on
weekends and holidays, our Japanese Yaku-macaqueswarm themselves by a real bonfire. The tradition oflighting bonfires for the monkeys began in 1957, after
Japanese Yaku-macaques were observed to gather
around the fires lit by staff to burn fallen trees
following the Isewan Typhoon. This new ‘bonfireseason’ soon became established as a well-known andcherished attraction of JMC.

9

10

5

11-2

11

13

8

11-3
11-1

7

Main Gate

15

Wheel Chair
Stroller Rental

Toilet12

Multi-purpose Toilet
2

3

4

5

6

7

Temporary
Gathering Location
AED
Changing Board

8

9

10

11

11-2

14

12

Changing/Nursing
Facilities
Lockers
Museum Shop
Food and Drink

To Monkey Park (Amusement park)

Smoking Area
To Bus Stopthey spend a large amount of time foraging for insects. It israre for any insects that have strayed into the Squirrel
Monkey Land to ever reach the adult stage.
MAP⑫ Gibbons' House
Here you can see four different species of gibbons fromSoutheast Asia: agile gibbons, pileated gibbons, whitehanded gibbons, and Mueller's gibbons.

MAP⑬ KIDSZOO/Tree House
In the ‘KIDSZOO’ there are many fluffy animals such as
degus, guinea pigs and rabbits. You can meet exotic
animals such as Madagascar hissing cockroaches andleopard geckos, and from our local wildlife beetles andother insects that are popular with children.
Our zookeepers added yet another attraction: a newTree House. Looking down from the Tree House gives an

Rest Area

impression of how monkeys see the world from thetreetops.
MAP⑭ Restaurant Rakuen
MAP⑮ Monkey Bar(Open on weekends and holidays)

The 12th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science

PROGRAMAll events (except Nerd Nite) will take place in the Visitor Centre.
Day 1 (Friday, September 20)
Time

Abstract

(min)

Title

11:30–12:30

Speaker

Affiliation

Registration

12:30–13:00(30)

13:00–13:10(10)

MOU between PWS and Mont-bell
Wildlife ResearchCenter, Kyoto
University

IDANI
Gen'ichi

Opening Remarks

Primates in the Lab and in the Field

Chair: Yuko Hattori
SimonePika

13:10–13:35

O-1

(25)

The Loango Chimpanzee Project

13:35–13:50

O-2

(15)

The role of facial shape and color in chimpanzee's
attention to infant

Yuri
Kawaguchi

13:50–14:05

O-3

(15)

Video–real world matching in chimpanzees

ShenwenXu

14:05–14:20

O-4

(15)

Creating a multicultural video resource forarchiving the history of primatology in Japan

NelsonBroche14:20–14:45

O-5

(25)

Personality variation in wild male chimpanzees ismaintained by its changing association with rank

AlexanderWeiss

14:45–15:00

(15)

S-1

(120)

Primate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University
Primate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University
Wildlife ResearchCenter, Kyoto
University;
University of
Edinburgh<Coffee Break>Communicating Science: Expert Panel on Engaging the Media, the Public, and Policy Makers

15:00–17:00

Institute for
Cognitive Science,
University ofOsnabrück
Primate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University

Chair: Susumu Tomiya

Panelists: David Kornhauser (Panel Moderator), Raymond Kunikane Terhune, Kei
Kano, Ayumi Koso, Amanda Alvarez
Facilitators: Andrew MacIntosh, Susumu Tomiya

17:00–17:30(30)<Coffee Break & Set up posters>

Poster Session & Visual Storytelling Contest
17:30–18:30[All posters in Visitor Center; light meals & soft drinks provided]

Nerd Nite Inuyama #4: A Journey through Time
19:00–21:00 (doors open at 18:30)[Rest Area next to restaurant Rakuden; meals & drinks provided]1

Day 2 (Saturday, September 21)
Time

Abstract(min)

9:00–9:05

Title

Speaker

Affiliation

PWS Faculty Meeting

Wildlife Research in Uganda

Chair: Chie Hashimoto

9:05–9:30

O-6

(25)

Progress on On-site Laboratory setting in Uganda

Eric Sande

Makerere University

9:30–9:55

O-7

(25)

Molecular Genetics and evolutionary research at
Makerere University

Charles
MasembeMakerere University

9:55–10:20

O-8

(25)

Is habitat disturbance in Itwara and Matiri forests
affecting primate populations? An analysis ofthreats

Moses
Chermourt

Makerere University

10:20–10:35

O-9

(15)

Why are intergroup relationships non-antagonistic
in bonobos?: Implications from recent genetic
studies

Shintaro
IshizukaPrimate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University

10:35–10:45(10)<Coffee Break>

Behavior & Ecology
10:45–11:00

O-10

Chair: Takushi Kishida(15)

Testing Motivational structure hypothesis by using
Asian elephant vocalizations

Nachiketha
SharmaWildlife ResearchCenter, Kyoto
University

Kim Mi
Yeon

Wildlife ResearchCenter, Kyoto
University

11:00–11:15

O-11

(15)

First vocalization study of wild Indo-PacificBottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) at Jeju
Island, Republic of Korea: Whistle characteristics
and its response to ambient noise.

11:15–11:30

O-26

(15)

Making Sri Lankan toque macaques' long tails
short—the chilling details

MichaelHuffmanPrimate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University

11:30–11:45

O-13

(15)

Interaction between free-ranging dogs and Central
Himalayan langur: An assessment of anti-predator
behavioral strategy

Himani
Nautiyal

Primate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University

11:45–12:00

O-14

(15)

Collective departure in feral horses

Sota Inoue

Wildlife ResearchCenter, Kyoto
University

12:00–13:00(60)<Group Photo & Lunch Break> [light meals & soft drinks provided]

Human–Animal Conflict

Chair: Satoshi Hirata

13:00–13:25

O-15

(25)

Understanding the threats to wildlife in Africa

HelenaFreitas13:25–13:40

O-16

(15)

The impact of Ecotourism in the behaviour ofmountain gorilla in Bwindi National Park, Uganda

RaquelCosta

13:40–13:55

O-17

(15)

Popularity of YouTube Contents that Violate the
Tourism Regulations May Undermine
Conservation of Mountain Gorillas

Ryoma
Otsuka13:55–14:05(10)<Coffee Break>2

Centre for
Functional Ecology,
University of
CoimbraPrimate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University
ASAFAS, Kyoto
University

Evolution & Ecology I

Chair: Ikuma Adachi

14:05–14:30

O-18

(25)

Evidence for multiple episodes of hybridization in
the phylogenetic history of guenons (tribe
Cercopithecini)

Anthony
Tosi

Kent State
University

14:30–14:55

O-19

(25)

Sampling the biodemographies of macaquelineages provides understanding of the success ofearly hominids

Richard
MeindlKent State
University

14:55–15:10

O-20

(15)

Investigating the neural basis of macaque social
diversity: A comparison of cell density andserotonergic innervation of the amygdala amongfour species

Danielle
Jones

Kent State
University

15:10–15:25

O-21

(15)

Molecular Genetics of Macaque Reproductive
Biology

Cody Ruiz

Kent State
University

15:25–15:40

O-22

(15)

Impact of excluding age-sex classes of individuals
from social network on the relationship between
network centrality and parasite load

Zhihong Xu

Primate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University

15:40–15:50(10)<Coffee Break>Evolution & Ecology II

Chair: Lira Yu

15:50–16:15

O-23

(25)

Developmental Epigenetics of Mammalian Fertility:
The Kallmann syndrome caseWilsonChung

Kent State
University

16:15–16:30

O-24

(15)

Effects of Food Toughness on Chewing Efficiency
in Yakushima Japanese Macaques

Tianmeng
He

Primate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University

16:30–16:45

O-25

(15)

Evaluating Japanese macaques’ reliance onanthropogenic food by gut microbiome profile

WanyeeLee

Primate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University

16:45–17:00

O-12

(15)

Fruit species choice by Golden-faced saki, an
Amazonian “seed predator”

MakikoTakePrimate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University

17:00–17:30(30)<Coffee Break>

Poster Session & Visual Storytelling Contest
17:30–18:30[All posters in Visitor Center]Get-together Party & Award Presentation
18:30–20:30[Visitor Center; light meals & drinks provided]3

Day 3 (Sunday, September 22)
Time

Abstract

(min)

Title

Speaker

9:00–9:10

Affiliation

Presentation award ceremony

10 years of CICASP: Making an Impact Within and Beyond Academia in a Global Community

Chair: A. MacIntosh
Primate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University
Wildlife
Messengers; Ekolo
ya Bonobo/Lola ya
Bonobo/Amis desBonobos du Congo
Primate ResearchInstitute, Kyoto
University

9:10–9:20

S-2

(10)

10 Years and Counting: from CICASP to the World

Andrew
MacIntosh

9:20–9:40

O-27

(20)

Applying Science and Filmmaking in Conservationin DRC

CintiaGarai

9:40–10:00

O-28

(20)

Working in a Governmental Institute: Balancing
between our own Research Interests and Project
Aims

HeungjinRyu

10:00–10:20

O-29

(20)

Working at Tama Zoological Park

HikaruWakamori

Tama ZoologicalPark

10:20–10:45

O-30

(25)

Ecological consultancy and wildlife conservation in
the U.K.

David Hill

Wildlife ResearchCenter, Kyoto
University

10:45–11:10

O-31

(25)

The Trail Connecting Sexual Selection in Baboons
with Conservation Biology in Giraffes

Fred
Bercovitch

Save The Giraffes

11:10–11:20(10)<Coffee Break>

Uganda Onsite-Lab
11:20–11:35

O-32

Chair: Satoshi Hirata(15)

11:35–11:50(15)

11:50–12:00(10)

Comparative Cognitive Science Laboratory

Satoshi
HirataWildlife ResearchCenter, Kyoto
University

TetsuroMatsuzawa

PWS Program
Coordinator

TBD
Closing Remarks

Buddha Seminar
13:00–14:00

環境省インターンシップ報告 [in Japanese]4

Poster Sessions (5:30-6:30PM, September 20 & 21, JMC Visitor Center)

P-1

Lucie Rigaill

Sealed lips don't deceive: lips coloration informs aboutovulation probability

P-2

James Brooks

Modulation of Great Ape Social Attention by Oxytocin

P-3

Hiroto Yoshimura

Does plant intake promote hair evacuation in captivesnow leopards?

P-4

Xiaochan Yan

Characterization of bitter taste sensitivity of four speciesof Sulawesi macaques

P-5

Mayuko Nomoto

Relationships between diet and trails of forest elephantin and around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon

P-6

Mao Asami

Does the tooth shape of macaque provide taxonomic
character?

P-7

Tomoe ToriiGroup Size Estimation of Finless porpoises by Aerial
VideosP-8

Jie Gao

Chimpanzees can detect strangeness in bodies: an eyetracking study

P-9

Vanessa Gris

Boundaries between humans and captive chimpanzees:
two cases of intensive care in Japan

P-10

Mikuho Yokoyama

Perception of object texture in chimpanzees andhumans: A research plan

P-11

Pandora Pinto

Does size matter? Examining the possible mechanisms
and adaptive significance of single and multi-malegroups in horse societies

P-12

Morgane Allanic

Social influences on allogrooming behavior in wildbonobos at Wamba, DRC

P-13

Kristin Havercamp

Do chimpanzees’ sleep patterns change with age?
Looking back a decade

P-14

Ena Onishi

Preliminary behavioral survey of bonobos in Mbali,
savanna-forest mosaic environment

5

P-15

Yutaro Sato

Great apes’ understanding of biomechanically possible
and impossible body movements

P-16

Huiyuan Qi

Preliminary DNA analysis using non-invasive samples
from captive snow leopards in Japan’s zoos

P-17

Takumasa Yokoyama

A bonobo at Wamba captured a duiker, but did not eat it– implication for their “prey image”

P-18

Annegret Moto Naito

Genetic diversity of the Japanese golden eagle at
microsatellite and major histocompatibility complex loci

P-19

Scott Jenkins

Investigating Olfactory Receptors in Hystricomorpha, a
Suborder of Rodentia

P-20

Diana Silva

Auditory enrichment in two primate species kept in the
Maia Zoo: Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) andGreen monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus)

P-21

Josue Alejandro Pastrana

Effects of substrate change in bar-hanging behavior in
the Takahama group at the Primate Research InstituteP-22

Sakiho Ochi

Investigation of Social Structure and The Function of
Acoustic Communication to Maintain Social Relationshipin Free-ranging Horses (Equus caballus)

P-23

Yuki Kinoshita

Coordination of trunk motion during bipedal walking in
the frontal plane: a comparison between human, whitehanded gibbon and Japanese macaque

P-24

Kazuya Toda

Antagonistic interactions and spatial relationships
between immigrant and resident females in Wamba
bonobos

P-25

Yuto Taki

mtDNA and microsatellite analyses of the Ryukyu flying
fox

P-26

Tamao Maeda

Multilevel structure in feral horse society: Evidence fromaerial observation using drones

P-27

Maegan Fitzgerald

What are the implications of tree cover loss for
chimpanzees and humans across the greater Nimba
landscape in Guinea

P-28

Halmi Insani

Mainland versus island adaptation: Impacts andconsequences on body size and biodiversity of primates

P-29

Kenneth Keuk

Lack of confidence? Here are new tools to assess yournetwork uncertainty

6

Poster board set-up
Note: You can: (A) leave your poster on the poster board overnight, from Friday evening until the end of the Gettogether Party on Saturday; or (B) if you don’t want to leave your poster unattended, take it down after the poster
session on Friday ant put it up again on Saturday for the second poster session. Keep in mind that all JMC visitors,
not just symposium attendees, will be able to see the posters that are on display during the day.
Please take down your poster after the Get-together Party on Saturday.

Exhibit cases

Exhibit cases

Exhibit cases

P-27

P-13

P-28

P-29

Scientific Visual Stories
on this side

Exhibit cases

Gift shop
To Lecture Hall
Rest area

Visitor Center Entrance

7

Special Sessions: S-1

Communicating Science
Expert Panel on Engaging the Media, the Public, and Policy Makers

Communicating Science has become a major focus in the information age, where accessto new findings and critical developments has never been as easy - just a click away - as it istoday. However, major challenges include getting your message out amidst an ever-increasing
throng of information, while avoiding the spread of misinformation. This session showcases apanel of science communication experts who weigh in with their ideas and experiences to help
all of us get a better handle on this phenomenon that is communicating science, and to provide
us with some insights and some tools to get us started, or get us back on the right track. With
topics ranging from the how’s and why’s of communicating science through engaging withmedia and the public, to navigating social media and intercultural perspectives in digesting andcommunicating science, this session is broad in scope and is designed to be encouraging ofstrong audience participation. Discussion of each topic will include plenty of time for andencouragement of audience participation, which can be through Q&A or simply relating ourown relevant experiences. To be a difference-maker and a champion of wildlife and theenvironment - which is very much the hopes of the PWS program for all of you in attendance we all need strong communication skills, so this session should make a strong contribution
toward that end. In addition, this session marks one of two sessions at this PWS symposium tocommemorate the 10th anniversary of CICASP, which has from its inception put strongemphasis on the communication abilities of our graduate students. Join us for an engaging andstimulating discussion of all things Science Communication!
Panelists:• David Kornhauser (Panel Moderator)• Raymond Terhune• Kei Kano
• Ayumi Koso
• Amanda Alvarez
Facilitators:• Andrew MacIntosh• Susumu Tomiya (Session Chair)Special Sessions: S-2

10 years of CICASP
Making an Impact Within and Beyond Academia in a Global Community

To celebrate this 10th Anniversary of CICASP, and to align our missions with those of
the PWS program, this session introduces a number of past CICASP affiliates, from graduatedstudents like Heungjin Ryu and Cintia Garai, to past faculty like Fred Bercovitch and David
Hill, and even to a former TA and past graduate student in Hikaru Wakamori, all of whom arecurrently working or have recently worked outside of the academy, in wildlife conservation andoutreach, development, management and curation. As a result, in addition to showcasing someof the current and recent work of past CICASP affiliates, this session also demonstrates how
science practitioners can make a difference for wildlife outside of the academy, which is a major
focus of the PWS program. All speakers have a background in biology and are PhD holders, buthave found alternative ways to use their skill sets and contribute to wildlife and environmental
issues outside of the university sphere, in some cases even after having lengthy and illustrious
careers within it! Bringing back past CICASP affiliates allows us a retrospective and the ability
to indulge in some good, old-fashioned nostalgia, but this session should also serve as
encouragement to all students and young researchers, both inside and outside of the PWS
system, that there are indeed many ways to make a difference, to be a champion for wildlife, in
an increasingly global community that simply needs your passion for and stewardship of thenatural world.

Oral Abstracts: O-1

The Loango Chimpanzee Project
Simone Pika1*, Tobias Deschner2
1

Institute for Cognitive Science, Comparative BioCognition, University of Osnabrück, Germany
2
Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany*

spika@uos.de

We provide an overview on the research of the Loango Chimpanzee Project, Gabon. The
site is ecologically very distinct from other long-term chimpanzee sites, consisting of a mosaic ofdifferent habitat types varying from marine, coastal lagoons, mangrove swamps, coastal forest,
secondary and primary forest to open savannah. We will present data on home range andcommunity size, as well as on ranging patterns and party composition. Furthermore, we report on
distinct behavioral elements, which seem to differ from those reported for other populations.
Finally, we will describe patterns of tool use and predation, including the predation on tortoises,
and the newest PhD-project on cooperative turn-taking.

Oral Abstracts: O-2

The role of facial shape and color in chimpanzee's attention to infant

Yuri Kawaguchi1*, Koyo Nakamura2, Fumihiro Kano3 and Masaki Tomonaga1
12Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
3 Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University*

kawaguchi.yuri.57r@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Infant faces have several features which distinguish them from adult ones. For example,
infants have several morphological features such as relatively large eyes, and small nose andmouth. Besides, infants of some species such as chimpanzees, have unique skin coloration.
Previous studies have found that chimpanzees have visual preference for infants, and theircoloration plays an important role in guiding their attention. However, it remains unclear whether
they also pay attention to the shape of infant faces. This study aimed to reveal the relative
importance of facial color and shape on infant preference in chimpanzees. We first created theaverage faces of adult and infant chimpanzees. Then we morphed between them and created facial
stimuli with adult, infant or neutral color and shape respectively, which results in following thestimulus pairs: congruent pair, incongruent pair, shape-controlled pairs, color-controlled pair. We
presented the pairs of those morphed stimuli to 14 chimpanzees and measured their gazes. The
results revealed that coloration, but not shape affected the looking behaviors. Thus, we found noevidence that chimpanzees, unlike human, have visual preference for shape features of infant
faces. The results suggest that the facial cues characterizing infant appearance varies acrossspecies.

Oral Abstracts: O-3

Video–real world matching in chimpanzees

Shenwen Xu1*, Masaki Tomonaga1
1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan*

vassxu@gmail.com

In many studies with nonhuman animals, video images were frequently used to present
stimuli to them. However, whether animals recognize a video, which reflects reality, as an imageof real world event remains still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the extent of theability to recognize actions/objects through the video in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). In
particular, we examined if the aid of live video images of foraging-related events would have thesame effect as live events to direct the chimpanzee’s behavior to successfully obtain food. We
conducted a two-choice task after demonstration of food baiting. Chimpanzees can get the reward
if they choose the side which was baited. Three out of five chimpanzees successfully obtained thefood, even though they could not observe the food-hiding directly but only from the live-video.
They were equally accurate in “real world-real world matching” and “video-real world matching”.
Moreover, they used information including relative position, color and shape of the objects fromthe videos. Our results suggest that videos could be used as a valid referential tool for chimpanzees
to guide their decisions in the real world.

Oral Abstracts: O-4

Creating a multicultural video resource for archiving the history ofprimatology in Japan

Nelson Broche Jr.1*, Shohei Shibata1
1Social Systems Evolution Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan* broche.nelson.63a@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Where do we come from? In biology, this question may be asked from an evolutionary
perspective, but here we ask this question in the immediate context of primatology in Japan.
Stories of the past help us to better understand and appreciate the present but they also provide
practical value because the past can be a learning tool of immense knowledge. Stories are often
effectively told through visual aid since more information, such as non-verbal communication,
can more accurately reflect a specific message to an audience. Furthermore, the current
technology of video and the internet is allowing us to more easily share information to a broader
audience. The history of primatology in Japan can be pieced together through various publications
and television broadcasts. However, it is difficult to find an updated history that is easily
accessible in one place for both Japanese and English speakers, particularly in an interview format.
Here we describe a new project for documenting the stories of primatology in Japan through videointerviews. Our aim is to first provide a supplementary resource for future research into the historyof primatology. Simultaneously, we aim to provide insightful material about the history ofprimatology in Japan that can be easily accessed by the general public.

Oral Abstracts: O-5

Personality variation in wild male chimpanzees is maintained by its
changing association with rank

Alexander Weiss1,2,3*, Joseph T. Feldblum4,5, Drew M. Altschul3,6, Steffen Foerster7, D.
Anthony Collins8, Ian C. Gilby9,10, Shadrack Kamenya8, Deus Mjungu8, Michael L.
Wilson11,12,13, Anne E. Pusey7
1

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
3
Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
4Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
5
Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
6
Mental Health Data Science Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA8
Gombe Stream Research Centre, Jane Goodall Institute, Kigoma, Tanzania
9
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
10
Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
11
Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
12
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,
USA
13
Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
2*alex.weiss@ed.ac.uk

The maintenance of variation in heritable fitness-related traits has been a topic of
longstanding interest to biologists. Animal personality is a well-known example of such variation;
studies in many species find evidence of stable and heritable interindividual differences inbehavioral tendencies, and for associations between personality traits and fitness. Adaptive
explanations have tended to focus on selection in heterogeneous environments or on frequencydependent selection. Using 37 years of behavioral data on 28 male chimpanzees in Gombe
National Park, Tanzania, we examined the associations between six well-established heritable,
stable, chimpanzee personality traits and dominance rank, a trait tied to fitness in this species. We
show that the magnitude and direction of associations between three personality traits—
dominance, conscientiousness, and openness—and dominance rank vary across males’ lifetimes.
These results highlight another mechanism by which genetic variation can be maintained infitness-related traits, namely that these traits are beneficial at different life stages and may thus
represent alternative strategies maintained under negative frequency dependent selection.

Oral Abstracts: O-6

On-site Laboratory for international collaborative research on primate
ecology and evolution
Eric Sande1*, Moses Chemurot1, Charles Masembe1
1

Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda*

ericsandephd@gmail.com

The Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS) in Makerere
University is all-encompassing vibrant, learner-centred and community-focused training facility.
It offers BSc, MSc and PhD degrees in Fisheries, Aquaculture, Conservation Biology,
Entomology, Parasitology, Wildlife Ecology and management. With the current enrolment of 150
undergraduate and 100 graduate students offering courses including: Basic Genetics, Introduction
to Molecular Biology, Population genetics, Aquaculture Engineering, Evolution andClassification, Basic Bacteriology and Virology, Systematics & Diversity of Vertebrates, the needfor laboratory facilities is critical. In line with the need to set up such facilities for quality training,
ZEFS in collaboration with Kyoto University plans to establish an onsite lab which will beessential for processing and storing animal samples for molecular analyses. It is envisaged thatthe lab will boost both scientific research and innovation and play an important role in the trainingof both local and international students carrying out biological field studies in Uganda.

Oral Abstracts: O-7

Molecular genetics for research and development: Challenges andopportunities for international collaboration

Charles Masembe1*, Johnson Mayega1, Moses Chemurot1, Eric Sande1 and Vincent Muwanika2
1

2College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda*

cmasembe@cns.mak.ac.ug; cmasembe@gmail.com

Molecular genetics has seen a tremendous increase in tools, approaches and thus
applicability. These tools are increasingly being used for wildlife population genetics,
conservation of nature and disease transmission dynamics. Indeed, these tools are also applicableto fisheries and aquaculture, entomology and primatology. To set up and maintain this thrust inresource constrained settings requires concerted efforts with support from international
collaborations. In this presentation, we show the evolution and population genetics of selected
African large mammals in eastern Africa and the implication of these findings to conservation.
With a molecular epidemiological approach, we show the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease
and implications to vaccine strategies and shortcomings in other disease control approaches. We
advance this approach when we apply it to African swine fever (ASF) transmission dynamics
through the use of a host-genome depletion approach in the complete genome sequencing of ASF
virus for deciphering evolution and spatial-temporal patterns of spread of the disease in Uganda.
Keywords: genetics, evolution, diversity, next generation sequencing, vaccines, conservation

Oral Abstracts: O-8

Is habitat disturbance in Itwara and Matiri forests affecting primate
populations? An analysis of threats.
Moses Chemurot1*, Jennifer Wanyingi2, Sam Mugume3, Gilbert Isabirye-Basuta1, Ubaldo
Rutazaana1, Chris Bakuneeta1, Grace Karogo4, Deborah Baranga1, Adalbert Aine-Omucunguzi5,
Eric Sande1, Furuichi Takeshi61Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, School of Bio-sciences, College of Natural
Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; 2Department of Wildlife, University ofEldoret, Kenya.
3
Kabarole District Local Government, P.O. Box 38, Fort Portal, Uganda; 4Biology Department, Facultyof Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 1410 Mbarara, Uganda; 5African
Institute for Capacity Development (AICAD), Uganda Country Office; 6Primate Research Institute, Kyoto
University, Japan.
*

moseschemurot@gmail.com

This study assessed the relative abundance among five previously recorded primate
species in two forest reserves that are similar in protection status but contrast in levels of
disturbance. Our objective was to compare the primate abundance in the heavily disturbed Matiri
and less disturbed Itwara Central Forest Reserves. We measured anthropogenic activities and/or
threats to primates in the two forest reserves. Our findings indicate differences in primate
abundance between the two forests, with only one out of five primate species previously recorded
found in the heavily disturbed Matiri forest. At this site (Matiri), primate numbers weresignificantly lower than in the previous census. We found no evidence of the endangered Red
colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles), which was recorded 5-years ago in both forests. However,the Black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza) showed slightly higher abundance in the heavily
degraded forest and did not show a significant decline in either. We argue that escalating humanactivities in the two forests has specifically impacted the primate populations through reductionof food resources and exposing them to predators. However, Black-and-white colobus do notseem as affected by the current forest degradation. We suggest that their greater ecological
adaptability may explain their resilience and relatively high abundance in the heavily degraded
forest. We provide recommendations towards the long-term protection of the area.

Oral Abstracts: O-9

Why are intergroup relationships non-antagonistic in bonobos?:
Implications from recent genetic studies

Shintaro Ishizuka1*
1

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan*ishizuka.shintaro.37x@kyoto-u.jp

Intergroup relationships in bonobos (Pan paniscus) are usually non-antagonistic.
Intergroup male aggressions are not severe; even physical contacts are rare in aggressiveinteractions between males of different groups. Intergroup female-female relationships are nonantagonistic and sometimes “peaceful”; affinitive interactions among females of different groups
are often observed during intergroup encounters. Such affinity and antagonism among individualsof different groups may be affected by patterns of kinship among individuals of neighborhoodgroups. Since I became a PWS student, I and my colleagues have clarified kin structure amongneighborhood groups for bonobos and the closest sister species, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
We found that male kin structure among neighboring groups is similar between the two species.
We also found that approximate 60% of female bonobos migrate into neighboring groups. Basedon our results, I discuss why intergroup relationships are non-antagonistic in bonobos.

Oral Abstracts: O-10

Testing Motivational structure hypothesis by using Asian elephantvocalizations
Nachiketha Sharma1,2*, Shiro Kohshima1, Raman Sukumar2
1

2

Wildlife Research center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India* nachi@wrc.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Mortan (1977) described that some birds and mammals use ‘harsh’ and relatively lowfrequency sounds when disturbed or in a ‘hostile’ context, whereas they produce louder or higher
frequency sounds during social interactions or in ‘friendly’ circumstances which can be outlined
as “motivation-structural (MS) rules”. We tested MS hypothesis by using Asian elephants’
vocalizations which are produced during both disturbance and undisturbed contexts. We
compared two call-types, namely ‘rumbles’ (low-frequency call) and ‘trumpets’ (high-frequencycall), produced by elephants during disturbed (by humans or other animals) and undisturbed(normal social interactions) states. We analysed the acoustic characters, i.e., absolute frequency
parameters (fundamental frequency (F0), minimum, mean, maximum, range and standard
deviation), temporal (call duration, time to minimum F0, time to maximum F0, peak-point andminimum-point), and filter-related parameters (mean, minimum and maximum of first (F1),second (F2) formant locations) of these two call-types. Our results show that, under disturbed
conditions, Asian elephants increased the call duration of rumbles, while decreasing the durationof trumpets. Similarly, the mean F0 and mean positions of F1 and F2 of rumbles decreased, in
contrast to the undisturbed condition. While in trumpets, no significant differences were observedin mean F0 and formant positions of both F1 and F2 between two contexts. We also found thatduration of rumbles was influenced by the interaction between group size and context, i.e., smallergroups produced longer duration rumbles when disturbed. Our results suggest that MS hypothesis
holds true for Asian elephants’ vocalizations. However, this can be further validated and tested
with controlled experiments.

Oral Abstracts: O-11

First vocalization study of wild Indo-Pacific Bottlenose dolphins(Tursiops aduncus) at Jeju Island, Republic of Korea: Whistle
characteristics and its response to ambient noise.

Mi Yeon Kim1, 2, Tadaminchi Morisaka3, and Shiro Kohshima1
1

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan
Marine Animal Research and Conservation, Republic of Korea
3
Cetacean Research Center, Mie University, Japan2*

miyeonkim88@gmail.com

Dolphin vocalization mediates complex social behavior and navigation while obtaining
environmental information. Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops aduncus, produce
numerous types of acoustic emissions including clicks, pulsed signals, and tonal calls. Tonal calls
are the diverse repertoire of whistles and signature whistles for communication which exhibits avariation between geographically separated populations of T. aduncus. Additionally, recent
studies have shown the importance of both natural and anthropogenic ambient noise on the whistle
production of dolphin in response to signal masking. First, the baseline study of whistle
characteristic was conducted by measuring the following: whistle class, contour inflections,harmonics, beginning frequency, end frequency, maximum frequency, minimum frequency, andduration. Whistles occurred in the frequency range of 0.011-23.34 kHz (mean 6.75-11.7 kHz)with durations of 0.32 – 1.86 s. The whistle characteristics are significantly different from theclosely located T. aduncus population in Japan and showed a less whistle contour complexity. To
further investigate the whistle production, the effect of concurrent natural and anthropogenic
ambient noise was examined (both the broadband signal (20 Hz–24 kHz) and one-third-octave
band levels centered on frequencies from 20 Hz to 22.4 kHz). The linear regression analysis
indicated that the minimum frequency had significant positive relationships with the ambient
noise present at the time of the whistles. Also, an increase in anthropogenic noise mainly causedby dolphin-watching vessels below the dolphin’s call bandwidth resulted in shifting up of the
produced whistles on the minimum frequency, and reduction of whistle repetition. The noise
induced change of dolphin acoustic behavior may reduce the overall effectiveness ofcommunication. Additionally, the shift in whistle characteristic during a continuous disturbanceby dolphin-watching vessels may result in group separation and significant loss of energy inefforts for group cohesion.

Oral Abstracts: O-12

Fruit species choice by Golden-faced saki,
an Amazonian “seed predator”

Makiko Take1*, Wilson Spironello2, Adrian Barnett2 and Takakazu Yumoto1
1
2

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
National Institute of Amazon Researches, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil*

take.makiko.77a@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Among neotropical primates, sakis and uakaris are generally described as “seedpredators”, because their specialized dentition allows them to access endosperm or cotyledon
within tough seeds. But the fact that they also consume considerable amount of ripe fruit pulp has
been overlooked. It is possible that their adaptive feeding strategy is to combine seeds and pulps,
not simply to eat seeds. In order to understand their adaptation, as well as to explore the processof diet evolution in primates, it is necessary to reveal how they choose pulp and the role in theirdiet. We studied two groups of free ranging golden-faced saki (Pithecia chrysocephala) inhabiting
a fragment forest in the campus of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA),
Manaus, Brazil. We followed each group for 3-5 days respectively in a month, from January 2019
to July 2019. We recorded their feeding behavior by instantaneous scan sampling every 10
minutes. Total observation time was 511 hours (256 hours for Group A and 255 hours for GroupB). Through the study period, the most used food item was categorized as “seeds” in both study
groups (53% in the feeding time of Group A and 48% in that of Group B), and the secondly usedfood item was “pulps” (25% in Group A and 28% in Group B). Total number of fruit pulp species
eaten by both groups was 44 species. We found that those fruit species can be classified into two
types following saki’s feeding behavior. As for a type of fruit species, sakis ate only pulp andnever ate the seeds throughout the study period (“pulp-without-seed species”). On the other hand,for another type of fruit species, they ate seeds when it was unripe, and ate both seeds and pulp
when it was ripe (“pulp-with-seed species”). Although the number of species classified into eachtype was similar (“pulp-without-seed”: 21 species; “pulp-with-seed”: 23 species), theconsumption of “pulp-with-seed species” accounted for 64% in their pulp feeding time. These
results suggest that the characteristic of fruit pulp mostly eaten by saki is that it is a pulp whose
seeds are also edible. This may be a reasonable strategy to get high nutritional values with lessforaging cost.

Oral Abstracts: O-13

Interaction between free-ranging dogs and Central Himalayan langur:
An assessment of anti-predator behavioral strategy

Himani Nautiyal1*, Tanaka Hiroyuki1, Gaurav Dixit2 and Michael Huffman1
1

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
2 Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, India*

himani.nautiyal08@gmail.com

Predation is an important factor in primate evolution and many factors of primate society
have been explained as a response to predation. Predation has been discussed in broad theoreticalterms, but little quantified data exists on the subject because of the difficulty of documenting its
infrequent occurrence. Predation on wild nonhuman primates has rarely been studied and its
effects on behaviour are poorly understood. We proposed dog-primate interaction as suitablemodel (dog predation mortality is 10-15% of the population annually) for understanding primate
anti-predator behavioral strategies. We recorded 338 Himalayan langur and dog interactions over
two years. Langurs mainly performed two types of anti-predator behavior; direct fighting with apredator and giving alarm calls. We analyzed the effect of dominance rank and status(immigrant/resident) on the anti-predator strategy through generalized mixed model (GLMM).
Rank has no effect on fighting with predators but males living in the group for longer periods oftime tend to take high risk behaviors i.e. fighting with dogs. Low rank individuals play a very
important role in alarming the troop during the presence of predators compare to higher rankmales. Resident adult males protect their troop by adopting a fighting with predator strategy,
which might be associated with the presence of offspring/ kin in the group.

Oral Abstracts: O-14

Collective departure in feral horses
Sota Inoue1*, Colin Torney2, Shinya Yamamoto2, Monamie Ringhofer2, Renata S. Mendonça2,and Satoshi Hirata1,2
12

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University
mathematical ecology and biology, University of Glasgow
3
Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto university*

sota.inoe@gmail.com

Group-living animals always need to make a decision and reach a consensus. When
individuals move to another place for resources or decrease predation risks, each individual
balances between benefit from staying there and cost for following others. In consequence, thiscollective departure proceeds in stages, not in a moment. The proceeding of the collective
departure is composed of initiation and propagation. In a lot of previous studies, trends of social
characteristics of initiators have been reported. However, mechanisms of propagation are still
unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate how feral horses achieve collective departure byanalyzing time lags among followers. We captured aerial videoclips of feral horses in collective
departures in Serra D' Arga, Portugal. Movement of each individual was automatically detectedusing a deep learning method. We found that time lags between followers gradually became
smaller as increasing the number of individuals who already departed. Considering this result,individuals seems to adopt majority- biased transmission in the collective departure.

Oral Abstracts: O-15

Understanding the threats to wildlife in Africa
Helena Freitas1*
1

Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People & the Planet. Department of Life Sciences,
University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal*

hfreitas@uc.pt

There are few places on Earth where the impact of people has not been felt. As humanpopulation and needs grow, less and less room is available for wildlife. Unfortunately, in Africa,
the effects of humans on wildlife are escalating, as wildlife and humans increasingly come into
contact with one another. We will discuss these scenarios of human–wildlife conflict in many
parts of Africa, as well as growing threats to species and habitats; from climate change effects
that are being exacerbated by deforestation (water stress, droughts and an increase in arid lands),
to resource extraction and ecosystem damaging, to bush meat hunting that provides a source ofprotein for rural communities, or population growth and land-use change.
What are the real chances to prevent some of these man-made threats and limit the lossof wildlife in Africa?

Oral Abstracts: O-16

Assessment of the impact of mountain gorilla ecotourism in Bwindi
National Park, Uganda

Raquel Costa1,2*, Misato Hayashi1, Michael A. Huffman1, Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka3, Lilly
Ajarova4, Rafaela Takeshita1,5,6, Fred Bercovitch7,8 and Masaki Tomonaga1
1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan
2
Primate Cognition Research Group, Portugal
3Conservation Through Public Health, Uganda
4
Chimpanzee Sanctuary & Wildlife Conservation Thrust, Uganda
5Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
6
Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
7
Save the Giraffes, USA
8
Wildlife Research Centre, Kyoto University, Japan*raquelberingei@gmail.com

Ecotourism plays a significant role in the conservation of mountain gorillas (Gorillaberingei beringei). Despite the growing number of tourists visiting mountain gorillas and anincreasing number of habituated groups, very little behavioral data has been collected on thepotential impacts of ecotourism on these wild populations. The present study examines how
interactions with human tourists influence gorilla behaviour. We collected behavioural data (focal
sampling) before, during and after tourist visits over a 11-month period (December 2017February, 2019) one habituated group (15 individuals) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park,
Uganda. We used general linear mixed-effect models (GLMM) to analyze the differences
between gorillas` behaviour regarding: 1) presence/absence of tourists, 2) distance to tourists and3) tourist group size. Our data showed that animals’ routine is influenced by the tourists. Groupsocial dynamics and individual behaviour (including stress related behaviours) is affected by thepresence of tourists, especially when in close proximity. Gorillas will charge, avoid humans orinteract with humans, when visitors approach them, violating the 7 m rule. In addition, gorillas
will react more to bigger groups of tourists. We strongly advice for the Enforcement of the current
rules, in special of the 7-meter rule will decrease the physical interactions, minimize the influenceon the animal`s behaviour.

Oral Abstracts: O-17

Popularity of YouTube Contents that Violate the Tourism Regulations
May Undermine Conservation of Mountain Gorillas

Ryoma Otsuka1* and Gen Yamakoshi1
1Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Japan*ryoma.otsuka87@gmail.com

Although ecotourism is expected to be compatible with conservation, it often imposes
negative effects on wildlife. The ecotourism of endangered mountain gorillas has attracted many
tourists and functioned as a key component of the conservation while the risk of diseasetransmission between humans and gorillas is a large concern. It is important to maintain a certain
distance while observing gorillas to minimize risk. However, there might be conflicting
expectations on the part of tourists who wish to observe or interact with the gorillas in close
proximity and such expectations may have been engendered by the contents of social media inthis Information Age.
We conducted a content analysis and described the general characteristics of 282
YouTube videos related to mountain gorilla tourism. In 70% of the videos, humans and gorillas
were observed simultaneously, and physical contact or close proximity within arm’s reach wereidentified in 40% of the videos. To explore the factors affecting the number of views and likes
that these videos received, we ran generalized linear models and performed AIC model selections
with 206 samples in which humans and gorillas were observed simultaneously. Videos obtained
more views and likes when the thumbnail photos included both humans and gorillas together,while videos with thumbnail photos of only gorillas obtained fewer views and likes comparedwith those that included no gorillas. Moreover, videos obtained more views and likes in cases
where physical contact or close proximity with gorillas were clearly observed, compared withthose that did not clearly include any close human-gorilla interaction.
These results suggest that human-gorilla interaction and proximity with gorillas attract
more public attention compared with when gorillas are simply shown by themselves. Our study
highlights the importance of further investigation on the direct link between such contents that
violate tourism regulations and the conflicting situation.

Oral Abstracts: O-18

Evidence for multiple episodes of hybridization in the phylogenetic
history of guenons (tribe Cercopithecini)

Anthony J. Tosi1*, Hirohisa Hirai2, Andrew S. Burrell3 and Christina M. Bergey4
1

2

Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama,
Aichi, Japan3
Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
4
Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States*

atosi@kent.edu

The guenons (tribe Cercopithecini) number more than 20 species and range across mostof sub-Saharan Africa. Multiple taxa are sympatric and often form polyspecific associations. Suchclose physical proximity leads to occasional interbreeding and the production of viable and fertile
offspring which are then potential conduits for extraspecific alleles via subsequent backcrossing.
The taxonomically widespread behavior of forming polyspecific groups indicates that episodesof introgression are likely to have occurred throughout the guenon radiation. Consistent with thisidea, different components of the guenon genome (e.g. mitochondria, sex chromosomes,
autosomes) have distinct evolutionary histories, yielding phylogenies that conflict in some areas.
While some discordances are readily identified as evidence of earlier hybridization, others are
difficult to separate from cases of differential lineage sorting. Obtaining trees from many unlinked
loci can help distinguish between these two processes. We have collected double digest restriction
site associated DNA sequence (ddRAD-Seq) data from more than 30,000 loci for representativesof each of the cercopithecin genera and “species groups” and subjected these data to phylogenetic
analyses followed by calculation of D statistics to test for admixture between the species. Results
indicate multiple likely episodes of introgressive hybridization in the guenon radiation, leading
to the creation of mixed genomes. Interbreeding, even in low frequency, can thus be a significant
force in primate evolution.

Oral Abstracts: O-19

Sampling the biodemographies of macaque lineages provides
understanding of the success of early hominids

Richard S. Meindl1,2 *, Morgan E. Chaney2, C. Owen Lovejoy1,212Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA* rmeindl@kent.edu

Hominids (Australopithecus and Homo) and Macaca proved successful in the PlioPleistocene. Current evidence suggests that these two clades expanded their geographic ranges
beginning around 3.5 MYA (hominids) and 7 MYA (macaques). With two more recent radiations(sinica and fascicularis species complexes) there now exist more than 20 living macaque species.
Richard et al. (1989, Inter. J. Primatology, 10(6):569-594) have designated four
macaques as “weed species,” owing to their preference for riverine secondary forests that emerged
across tropical Asia during thousands of years of human disturbances including swidden
agriculture. Since secondary forests were likely niches for Australopithecus as well, we separate
the mortality, fertility, and growth measures of the weed species and show how they can be
instructive as models for other Pliocene primate radiations.
Female macaque fertilities are rather resistant to the environment; instead, the explosive
growth potential of these monkeys is largely due to the occasional lessening of pre-reproductive
mortality. By analogy, this mechanism offers a new understanding of the early demography ofhominids, which progressively occupied increasingly less-forested habitats even as K-strategists.
Hominid reduction in birth spacing would have been physiologically difficult and not as
responsive. However, elevated female survival would have been a likely, more immediate, andselected outcome of the adoption of the most unusual mating structure ever to emerge in primates-social monogamy.

Oral Abstracts: O-20

Investigating the neural basis of macaque social diversity: A
comparison of cell density and serotonergic innervation of theamygdala among four species

Danielle N. Jones1,2*, Chet C. Sherwood3, Patrick R. Hof4, Joseph M. Erwin3, and Mary Ann
Raghanti1,21Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
School of Biomedical Science, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
3
Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
4
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
2*djone167@kent.edu

The genus Macaca is speciose and behaviorally diverse, making it an ideal model
for investigating the biological basis of primate social behavior from an evolutionary
perspective. To search for neural differences that may partially underlie their social styledifferences, this study compared cell density and serotonergic innervation of theamygdala among four macaque species using immunohistochemistry and stereologicalmethods. The species examined have been considered to display different social styles
from one another and included rhesus (Macaca mulatta), Japanese (M. fuscata), pigtailed(M. nemestrina), and moor macaques (M. maura). Significant species and amygdaloid
nuclei differences were found. Specifically, pigtailed macaques possessed greater
serotonergic innervation relative to rhesus and moor macaques. Additionally, Japanesemacaques possessed significantly higher neuron and glia densities relative to the otherthree species. Differences among amygdaloid nuclei were also observed, revealing a
relatively conserved cellular and serotonergic amygdala profile. The results of this study
suggest that neural differences among closely related species may play a role in mediating
observed behavioral differences. Additional neurochemical markers, brain regions, andprimate species will be observed in future studies to further investigate the neural basisof primate sociality.

Oral Abstracts: O-21

Molecular Genetics of Macaque Reproductive Biology

Cody A. Ruiz1*, Anthony J. Tosi1, Hirohisa Hirai2, Hiroo Imai2 and Masanori Imamura2
1
2

Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute,
Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan*cruiz3@kent.edu

Three closely related species of macaque – Japanese, rhesus, and long-tailed – are among
the most extensively studied monkeys both in the wild and in captivity and provide valuable
models for research into several areas of primate biology. The three species exhibit particularlyinteresting phenomena with respect to reproductive physiology and genetics. Japanese macaques(Macaca fuscata) and rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) are seasonal breeders. Testes swell to double
their size during the mating season compared to the birthing season, yet the underlying
mechanisms of genetic and molecular regulation remain poorly understood. In addition, rhesus
macaques hybridize with long-tailed macaques (M. fascicularis) along the contact zone innorthern Indochina, a situation which has led to the introgression of the Y-chromosome of theformer species nearly 200km into the range of the latter. Considering that a number ofspermatogenesis-related genes are located on the Y-chromosome, its widespread introgression is
likely driven by an advantageous genic block that results in greater quality and/or quantity ofsperm – qualities that would be considerably beneficial in the promiscuous
multimale/multifemale mating system of macaques. At the Primate Research Institute, I studied
the molecular mechanisms controlling seasonal breeding under the tutelage of Dr. Masanori
Imamura. At Kent State University, I study the evolution of Y-chromosome genes with Dr.
Anthony Tosi. Both projects offer new insights into primate reproductive biology and evolution.

Oral Abstracts: O-22

Impact of excluding age-sex classes of individuals from social networkon the relationship between network centrality and parasite load

Zhihong Xu1*, Andrew J.J. MacIntosh1, Julie Duboscq2
1

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
UMR7206 Ecoanthropologie, CNRS-MNHN-Paris 7, Paris, France

2*

Zhihong.xu.36r@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Group living is beneficial for individuals in a group, but also comes with costs. One suchcost is the increased possibility of pathogen transmission. Yet, most research that focuses onsocial transmission in primates has done so with only subsets of the group (e.g. adults or evenadult females), which will influence the results and their interpretation. With this in mind, we
aimed to test (i) whether social interactions or proximity mediate the spread of intestinal parasites
in primate groups, and (ii) whether work that includes only subsets of a group might produce
biased results. To test these hypotheses, we investigated the relationship between social network
centrality and intestinal parasite infection intensity in a group of Japanese macaques (Macaca
fuscata), using both empirical and simulated data. We used social network analysis on datacollected over two months on Koshima to relate indices of network centrality to an index ofparasite infection intensity (fecal egg counts: FEC). We then ran a series of knock-out simulations
to test the effect(s) of missing data on the observed relationship. General linear mixed models
showed that social network centrality was positively associated with infection by nodular worm
(Oesophagostomum aculeatum) in the complete observed data set but including only subsets ofthe group (e.g. adult females or random subsets of the group) can yield false negative results;
though a juvenile only network retains the positive association between sociality and infection.
Results suggest that social interactions or shared proximity can mediate the spread of someintestinal parasites, but researchers that only focus on subsets of their study groups, or where
missing data may be an issue, must interpret their results with caution. This work introduces
important methodological considerations for research into the dynamics of social transmission,and not just for infectious disease.

Oral Abstracts: O-23

Developmental Epigenetics of Mammalian Fertility; The Kallmann
syndrome caseWilson C.J. Chung1*, Megan L. Linscott1
1

Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
44242, USA*wchung@kent.edu

Genetic screenings uncovered a number of loss-of-function mutations that can cause
congenital HH (CHH), a complex human reproductive disorder that results from the absence of
normal pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. One particular form of CHH
called Kallmann syndrome (KS) is associated with anosmia. Of these, fibroblast growth factor(FGF) 8 mutations are of particular interest, because they disrupted embryonic GnRH neuron
development and led to infertility in humans and rodents. Normally, GnRH neurons secrete thedecapeptide GnRH into the portal vein system to cause the intermittent release of the
gonadotropins: luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone into the general circulation.
These in turn activate steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. This major brain-body axis is
responsible for the onset of puberty and fertility. Our molecular epigenetic studies showed that
TET1 (ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase-1) recruitment and 5hmCenrichment enhanced Fgf8 transcription, while subsequent PRC-2 (polycomb repressive
complex-2) recruitment promoted chromatin condensation and repressed Fgf8 transcription.
These data indicate that embryonic GnRH neurons require epigenetically controlled Fgf8transcription. This discovery will help in the development of novel approaches to alleviate
infertility found in CHH patients, and improve our understanding of how intracellular andenvironmental signals affect epigenetic processes during health and disease.

Oral Abstracts: O-24

Effects of Food Toughness On Chewing Efficiency in Yakushima
Japanese Macaques
HE Tianmeng1*, LEE Wanyi1, HANYA Goro1
1

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan*

tianmeng.he.43m@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Chewing, as an intermediate step between food handling and chemical digestion in thewhole nutrition intake process, is one of the initial steps that deals with the mechanical defenses
of food. It has been associated with the fitness of mammals by influencing digestive efficiency.
The result of chewing, which is often quantified as chewing efficiency, is affected by many factors
such as food properties and chewing ability of animals. Clarifying the relation between chewing
efficiency and these factors can provide us knowledge about the influences of environmental
variations and age-sex differences on animals’ digestion. This study aims to clarify the effects offood mechanical properties and age-sex differences on chewing efficiency in Yakushima
Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata yakui). We collected feeding behavior data in Yakushimalowland. Food fracture toughness and fecal particle size were measured to show the variation infood mechanical properties and chewing efficiency respectively. We found seasonal variations in
macaques’ diet and the toughness of their food. Food fracture toughness was lower when fruit
were important food while it was higher when mature leaves was important food. However, thechewing efficiency was relatively stable between different months and different age-sex classes.
This unexpected result implied Japanese macaques in Yakushima lowland can reduce the size ofmost of their food items into similar level through digestion. And the effects of chewing behavior
modification and food properties other than mechanical properties could be proper explanation of
our results.

Oral Abstracts: O-25

Evaluating Japanese macaques’ reliance on anthropogenic foodby gut microbiome profile
Wanyi Lee1*, Takashi Hayakawa1, 2, Mieko Kiyono3, Naoto Yamabata4, Goro Hanya1
11

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
2
Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
3
Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
4
Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan*wanyi.lee.58c@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

As a result of human activities like agriculture, research and tourism, wildlife
including Japanese macaques has learned to forage on easily digestible anthropogenic
food like commercial feeds and agricultural crops. While for macaques’ side, changed
diet may lead to health issues like gastrointestinal disorder; for humans, close interaction
with macaques may lead to crop damages and human injuries. For conservation andmonitoring purposes, it is essential to determine the degree to which macaques’ diet relyon anthropogenic food. Known for its close link with the host diet, gut microbiome makes
detection of macaques’ dietary change possible. This study set out to examine the gut
microbiota of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) with varying degree of reliance onanthropogenic food and the possibility of using gut microbiota as indicator for macaques’
reliance on anthropogenic food. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we described themicrobial composition of Japanese macaques experiencing different types of humandisturbance – captive, provisioned, crop-raiding and wild. In terms of alpha diversity, ourresults showed that observed richness of gut microbiota did not differ significantly
between disturbance types but among collection sites, whereas Shannon diversity index
differed by both disturbance types and sites. In terms of beta diversity, captive populations
harbored the most distinctive gut microbial composition, and had the greatest differencecompared to wild populations. Whereas for provisioned and crop-raiding groups, themacaques exhibited intermediate microbiota between wild and captive. We identified 35
potential bacterial taxa including five phyla, 8 classes, 10 order and 12 families. Our study
revealed the flexibility of the macaques’ gut microbiome and provided possible indicesin assessing macaques’ reliance on anthropogenic foods.

Oral Abstracts: O-26

Making Sri Lankan toque macaques' long tails shortthe chilling details
Michael A Huffman1*, Raveendra Kumara2, Yoshi Kawamoto1, 3, Prasaad M Jayaweera2,
Massimo Bardi 4 and Charmalie AD Nahallage2
1

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41-2, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506 Japan
University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
3
Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
4
Randolph-Macon College, 114 College Avenue, Ashland, VA USA
2*

huffman.michael.8n@kyoto-u.jp

Allen's rule first published in 1877 predicts ecogeographical anatomical variation inappendage proportions as a function of body temperature regulation. Since then this phenomenon
has been tested in a variety of animal species. In macaques, relative tail length (RTL) is one of
the most frequently measured appendages to test Allen’s rule. To date, these studies have reliedmostly on randomly collected museum specimens or the invasive and time consuming capturingof free-ranging individuals. To augment sample size, and lessen these logistical limitations, we
designed and validated a novel non-invasive technique using digitalized photographs processedon LibreCAD, an open source 2D-CAD application. This was used to generate pixelated
measurements to calculate an RTL equivalent, the Tail to Trunk Index (TTI) = tail (tail base toanterior tip) pixel count/trunk (neck to tail base) pixel count X 100). The TTI of 259 adult freeranging toque macaques (Macaca sinica) from 36 locations between 7 and 2087 m above sea level(m. a. s. l.) were used in the analysis. Samples were collected from all three putative subspecies(M. s. sinica, aurifrons and opisthomelas), at locations representing all altitudinal climatic zones
where they are naturally distributed. These data were used to test Allen’s rule, predicting that
RTL decreases with increasing altitude. Our results strongly supported this prediction. There wasalso a statistically significant, negative correlation between elevation and annual averagetemperature. The best predictor for the TTI index was elevation. Significant sub-species
differences in relative tail length are linked in part to their ecological and altitudinal niche
separation. The non-invasive method developed for the quick morphometric assessment ofrelative body proportions, applicable for use on unhabituated free-ranging animals, widens therange of materials available for research studying morphological characteristics and theirevolution in primates.

Oral Abstracts: O-27

Applying Science and Filmmaking in Conservation in DRC

Cintia Garai1, 2 *1

2

Wildlife Messengers, Richmond, Virginia, US
Amis des Bonobos du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo*cintia@wildlifemessengers.org

Scientists are trained to present their messages in an accurate, structured manner.
Filmmakers and other communicators often choose to place entertainment above accuracy in theirstorytelling. However, to successfully convey a message, one should not need to choose between
being entertaining and providing accurate information. Particularly, in the domain of conservation,
we need to get messages, often complicated ones, out to the public, and to decision makers,
without resorting to reductionism and in an engaging way. In this presentation I talk about how I
use scientific and filmmaking backgrounds to applied conservation in the Democratic Republicof the Congo. The specific examples through which I introduce this approach of communication
are the TL2 Project, operating in and around the Lomami National Park in Tshopo and Maniema
Provinces, and the establishment of the Ekolo ya Bonobo Community Reserve in Equateur
Province.

Oral Abstracts: O-28

Working in a Governmental Institute: Balancing between our own
Research Interests and Project Aims

Heungjin Ryu1*
1

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan* ryu.heungjin.7r@kyoto-u.ac.jp

Upon obtaining a higher academic degree, one may agonize about future carriers. Oneway to develop one’s carrier will be getting a research position in a governmental institution,
which aims to provide basic data, such as national level species distributions and population status,
for policymaking. As the governmental institute is clearly goal-oriented, the transition from soleresearch-focused activities to policy dependent activities can be challenging. At the beginning,
one can struggle to balance between his/her own research interests and the things that he/she had
to do as a member of a project. In addition, the freedom we could have in the University can belimited in the government institute. Nonetheless, working in the government institution will give
us chances to understand better about policy-making process, and how we can contribute to itwith our research skill. There are plenty of other opportunities for extending our research
networks and social contributions in the government institution as well. I will discuss theimportance of the contribution of researchers by sharing my experience in a governmental
institute that helped zoos with policymaking.

Oral Abstracts: O-29

Working at Tama Zoological Park

Hikaru Wakamori1*
1

Educational department of Tama Zoological Park, Tokyo Zoological Park Society, Tokyo, Japan*hikaru_wakamori@tzps.or.jp

I belong to Tokyo Zoological Park Society (Tokyo Dobutsuen Kyokai), which is a nonprofit organization that manages and operates the zoos and aquarium owned by Tokyo
Metropolitan Government. The society operates Ueno Zoological Gardens, Tama Zoological Park,Tokyo Sea Life Park, and Inokashira Park Zoo, and I am working at Tama Zoological Park. I
belong to the Educational department and working as an Animal Curator.
Tama Zoological Park locates at Hino City, suburbs of Tokyo. It was established in 1958,
and its area is over 50 hectares. The zoo exhibit animals in different areas such as Asiatic Garden,
African Garden, Australian Garden, and the Insectarium. The job of Animal Curator is to conduct
guide tour, operate programs and workshops to students from kindergarten to university andteachers, wright newspaper about the zoo animals every month.
During the talk, I would like to introduce my job and some important skills that can begained during graduate school.

Oral Abstracts: O-30

Ecological consultancy and wildlife conservation in the U.K.

David Hill
Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
forestmammal@gmail.com

Many species of animal and plant in the United Kingdom are protected under national
and European laws which make it a legal requirement to obtain a license before starting any workor activity that might disturb them or damage their habitats. One of the roles of ecologicalconsultants is to survey sites where development is proposed in order to determine whether
protected species are present. If any protected species are likely to be negatively affected by thedevelopment, the developer may be required to alter their plans or take other action to mitigate
for the potential impact.
All bats in the U.K. are European Protected Species and so they are a major focus forsurvey efforts by ecological consultancies. The main methods used include counts of bats
emerging from and returning to known roosts, surveys of bat activity using bat detectors, andadvanced techniques involving capture and radio-tracking to find roost sites and assess patternsof habitat-use.
Since 2015 I have been working in the U.K. as a self-employed ecological consultant
specialising in surveying bats in woodland habitats. All of my work involves catching bats, andoften attaching radio tags, and most of it is related to assessing the potential impact of planneddevelopment on local bat communities, or on specific rare species.
This work can only be done at times of year when the bats are active every night, whichin the U.K. is from May to September. So each year I have 5 months of intensive work in latespring, summer and early autumn. I will give examples of some of the projects I have worked on
and some of the advantages and drawbacks of doing this kind of work for a living. I will also
consider the potential for this work by ecological consultancies to contribute to wildlife
conservation in the U.K.

Oral Abstracts: O-31

The Trail Connecting Sexual Selection in Baboons with Conservation
Biology in Giraffes

Fred B. Bercovitch1,2,3*
1

Save The Giraffes, San Antonio, TX, USA
Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan3
Department of Animal, Wildlife, and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein,South Africa
2*fbercovitch@gmail.com

Baboons (Papio spp.) have a sexual skin that balloons in size during the follicular stageof the reproductive cycle, serving as a sexual advertisement to males of the probability ofovulation. In 1979, I began my PhD research in Kenya on the topic of sexual selection in baboons,focusing on the role of the sex skin in mediating mate choice and competition. In 2019, I was adelegate to the CITES Conference of the Parties 18th meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, where I
provided evidence to the international community of the importance of listing giraffes (Giraffacamelopardalis) on CITES Appendix II. Although baboons are one of the most numerous primate
species, occupying a wide range of habitats in Africa, and giraffes are an endangered species,
occupying a limited number of discrete habitats, the 40-year path linking the evolution of baboon
sex skins with the biology, ecology, and conservation of giraffes has a common foundation dating
to 1859. In that year, The Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin, was published. He laid thefoundations for understanding how natural selection regulates animal behavior. In 1872, hefollowed with The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, where he explored human
evolution and sexual selection. The Center for International Collaboration and Advanced Studies
in Primatology (CICASP) was founded in 2009 with a Mission to “understand the evolutionary
origins of human nature”. The bedrock of human nature is built upon our shared heritage withother animals, and has involved the evolution of a propensity to protect Mother Nature.

Oral Abstracts: O-32

Comparative Cognitive Science Laboratory

Tetsuro Matsuzawa1*, Shinya Yamamoto1, and Satoshi Hirata2
1

Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto, Japan2
Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan* matsuzawa.tetsuro.8z@kyoto-u.ac.jp

We have established an on-site laboratory named “Comparative Cognitive Science
Laboratory”. The aim of this endeavor is to merge primatology, in which Japan has been aninternational leader, with horse related culture which is deeply rooted in Europe for a long time.
A new window for wildlife science and its enlargement can be expected. We have been promoting
comparative cognitive science by conducting research mainly targeted to chimpanzees both in thewild and in the laboratory. Using this framework of on-site laboratory, we will expand our
research to wildlife science from a broader perspective. In doing so, such topics as ethology,
ecology, and physiology of large-sized mammals, which have been done by limited number of
researchers in this country, predator-prey interaction exemplified by horse-wolf relationship, anda more comprehensive view taking into account human activities that have influence on animal
existence from different levels, could be dealt with. This takes the form of cross-boundlaboratories. One of the two parties is Kyoto University, while the other is New Sorbonne
University – Paris III; laboratories have been set up in both of these two universities, as well as
the third one in Chantilly which is well-known for horse race, and we will exchange researchers
between these laboratories to promote international collaboration. Under Kyoto University,
cognitive study on non-human animals has been developed within the field of primatology, while
New Sorbonne University has fostered outstanding research on communication between humans
and horses, based on a long history of horse riding and training. These two universities havealready started a collaborative project, and succeeded in establishing touch-screen studies onhorses to investigate their cognition, and naturalistic observations on feral horses to investigate
their social nature. This new endeavor of on-site laboratory will bloom, based on the long historyof primatology and the new discipline of equinology – study on horses-, the next generation ofcomparative cognitive science on various taxa of nonhuman animals.

Poster Abstracts: P-1

Intra-cycle variation in lips coloration in women and its implication on
our understand of the evolution of primate sexual signaling

Lucie Rigaill1*
1

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan*lucie.rigaill@gmail.com

Across human cultures, red is often associated with fertility. Men, from different
populations, find women wearing or surrounded by red more attractive, and women are also more
likely to wear red ornaments around ovulation. Studies of non-human primates showed thatvariation in female skin coloration (i.e., luminance: how dark or light the skin appears, redness:partially reflecting the color of the blood itself) is influenced by sex hormones and can contain
information about the reproductive status. The link between red color and fertility could thus haveroots in human biological heritage and have emerged in a shared primate ancestor. While few
studies have tested whether woman cheeks coloration varies according to the probability ofovulation, no studies yet have investigated whether the most colorful part of the woman face, thelips, also contain such information. My study aimed at determining if lips coloration varies inrelation to the probability of ovulation. I predicted that lips will become darker and/or redder (i.e.,stronger signal) during the fertile phase (period with the highest probability of ovulation). I haveanalyzed 171 (mean per participant = 10.7 ± 1.5, range = 8-13) standardized lips photos of 16
cycling women along with saliva samples at the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute(Japan). Samples were collected every other day from the onset of menstruation until the next
menstruation (1 menstrual cycle per participant) between September 2018 and June 2019. I
measured lips redness (a*) and luminance (L*) as perceived by the human eye (ColourWorker
software, CIELAB) and assessed ovulation period from salivary estrogens and progesterone
profiles. I have also calculated intra-cycle perceptual differences in redness and luminance, i.e.,
difference between any point of the cycle against the highest value of luminance and redness
reached during the cycle. I found that lips became significantly darker, but not redder, as theprobability of ovulation increased. Intra-cycle differences in luminance varied through the cycle
and seemed perceptible. There was notably a decrease in luminance starting 1-2 days before thebeginning of the fertile phase and reaching its peak 1 day after it. All together this study highlightsthat human and non-human primates (such as Japanese and rhesus macaques) share some common
mechanism and traits of sexual communication, but that their present function may differ acrossspecies likely as a result of the different evolutionary pressures that species may have faced. While
lips coloration may not act at a sexual signal of ovulation in modern humans, I will discuss theimplications of this study into the evolution of human sexuality.

Poster Abstracts: P-2

Modulation of Great Ape Social Attention by Oxytocin

James Brooks1*, Fumihiro Kano2, and Shinya Yamamoto2
1

2

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan*first.auhor@first-theird.edu

The role of oxytocin has gained significant attention for its role in regulating social
behaviour. An evolutionarily ancient neuropeptide, it was originally described primarily for its
role in affiliative and prosocial behaviours, but recent studies in humans are beginning todemonstrate that it also plays an important part in outgroup aggression. New perspectives
following these studies emphasize oxytocin’s role in promoting “groupmindedness,” increasing
individuals’ tendency to cooperate and support one’s own group, while at the same timeincreasing antagonism towards and bias against those perceived as outgroup. Despite numerous
studies in humans, monkeys, and dogs, there are very few studies on the effects of oxytocin in
non-human great ape species. Here, we non-invasively administered intranasal oxytocin to 6
chimpanzees and 5 bonobos using a nebulized mist which the apes breathed while drinking juice.
As a preliminary experiment, following administration of either oxytocin or saline placebo,
chimpanzees were shown images of both ingroup and outgroup faces of all age/sex classes while
their gaze was recorded with an eye tracker. We compared time looking at the eyes and mouth,in which there are existing species differences and demonstrated effects of oxytocin on humanand monkey eye contact. To our knowledge this is the first study to combine oxytocin
administration and eye-tracking in a non-human great ape species. Surprisingly, we found thatoxytocin had opposite effects in bonobos and chimpanzees, enlarging existing species difference.
Bonobos increased eye contact compared to mouth in oxytocin compared to saline condition,
whereas chimpanzees looked more at mouth compared to eyes in oxytocin compared to salinecondition. Interpretations and implications are briefly discussed.

Poster Abstracts: P-3

Does plant intake promote hair evacuation in captive snow leopards?

Hiroto Yoshimura1*, Kazuyuki Ban2,3, Keisuke Kusano4, Daisuke Nagano4, Kiyoko Takatsu5,
Satoshi Hirata1, Kodzue Kinoshita1
1Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
2
Omuta City Zoo, Omuta, Japan
3
Graduate School of Education, Seisa University, Yokohama, Japan
4
Kumamoto City Zoological and Botanical Garden, Kumamoto, Japan
5
Tama zoological park, Tokyo, Japan*

hrt.yoshimura@gmail.com

Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is carnivorous big cat living in high mountains ofCentral Asia. Interestingly, plant materials are reported to be frequently contained in snow
leopards’ scat in the wild. There are also some reports about plant materials in scat ofother felids. However, the reason why strict carnivores eat plants is still unclear. Somestudies indicate that fermented products of dietary fibers have beneficial effects on
gastrointestinal health or metabolism. Recently, plant derived fibers get to be included incommercially prepared feline foods expecting desirable effects on food intake, satiety,reducing calorie density, or evacuation of hair balls. Especially, in domestic cats, plantintake is believed to promote hair evacuation and edible grasses for cats are commerciallyavailable. Nevertheless, no scientific study exists which indicates the positive effect ofplant intake on hair evacuation.
In this study, we focused on the relationship between plant and hair contained inscat of captive snow leopards. If plant intake promotes hair evacuation, the amount of
hair and plant will have positive correlation. Total 56 scat are collected from 3 individuals(2 females and 1 male). One collection period was 10 days or 14 days, and scat werecollected on a daily basis. Scat were freeze-dried and washed in tap water with 1 mmmesh to pick out plant materials, hair and other undigested matters.
Contrary to our expectation, there was no positive correlation in between hair andplant amounts contained in the same scat. This indicates that plant materials don’t
promote hair evacuation by catching hair. On the other hand, more hair tended to be
included in the scat evacuated after plants were excreted, though it wasn’t statisticallysignificant. Although the internal movement of hair or plant was unclear, it might bepossible that plant materials stimulated bowels and promoted evacuation of hair balls intheir stomach. Further verification will be conducted by increasing the number of samples
to reveal the relationship between plant intake and hair evacuation.

Poster Abstracts: P-4

Characterization of bitter taste sensitivity of four species of Sulawesi
macaques
Xiaochan YAN *1, Kanthi Arum Widayati 2, Nami Suzuki-Hashido3, Fahri Bajeber4, Akihiro
Itoigawa1, Laurentia Henrieta Permita Sari Purba2, Bambang Suryobroto2, Yohey Terai5, Hiroo
Imai1
1

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan;
Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia;
3
Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan;
4
Department of Biology, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
5
Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies,
Hayama, Japan2*

yanxch3@outlook.com

Sulawesi macaques have diverged into 7 species within a relatively short period and live
allopatrically on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Thus, it will be interesting to study functional genes
which might reveal species difference. Bitter taste plays a role in avoiding ingestion of toxins andresisting bacteria and parasites. We investigated a well-studied bitter taste gene, TAS2R38,
receptor for the bitter glucosinolates in brassica vegetables and Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). We
studied PTC sensitivity and TAS2R38 polymorphism in M. hecki (N: 16), M. tonkeana (N: 12),
M. nigrescens (N: 11) and M. nigra (N: 15). Initially, we found behavior response on PTC varies
between four species. All individuals of M. hecki are sensitive to PTC while some individuals of
M. tonkeana, M. nigra and M. nigrescens are low sensitive. Determining TAS2R38 sequence, we
found low sensitivity of PTC was mediated by specific TAS2R38 variants. In M. tonkeana,
substitution on amino acid sites 117, 130 and 134 led to ‘low sensitivity’, whereas, in M.
nigrescens and M. nigra, two base deletion and one base insertion respectively caused prematurestop codon at site 85 and 178. Furthermore, we found these specific variations have independently
arisen three times. Later we conducted cell-based functional analysis. We confirmed that the
specific variants accurately predicted low PTC sensitivity in vitro. Interestingly, ‘low sensitive’variants in M. tonkeana can express apparently intact TAS2R38 receptor, with low response to
PTC. The intact ‘low sensitive’ variants may respond to other bitter compounds. Additionally, thefrequency of low-sensitive variants is 0.08, 0.33 and 0.54 in M. nigrescens, M. nigra and M.
tonkeana, separately. We suggested high frequency of ‘low sensitive’ variants in M. tonkeana
appeared in the root of divergence of Sulawesi macaques. Our findings revealed species
difference on bitter taste; however, whether these differences were resulted from local adaptationneed to be studied.

Poster Abstracts: P-5

Relationships between diet and trails of forest elephantin and around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon

Mayuko Nomoto1*
1

Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan*nomoto.mayuko.27r@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) create trails, some of which are large and wellmaintained. It has been proposed that these large long trails connect fruit trees and/or forest
clearings which called “bais”. However, few studies have focused on the dynamics of elephantpaths in small scale. Thus, the objective of this study is to clarify the relationships between
elephant trail density or width and elephant diet in small scale. I conducted trail survey from
August to October 2017 and fecal analysis from September 2018 to February 2019 in and around
Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. Fifty-five quadrats (100 m x 100 m) were establishedto quantify elephant trails, and all the trails in the quadrats were followed and located using GPS.
Path width was measured at 20 m intervals. During this period, location of elephant signs such as
feces, food marks, footprints was recorded. I used the trail data with the elephant signs to analysis.
I found 138 fresh intact piles of forest elephant feces. One bolus from each fecal pile was broughtback to the research station to analyze feeding contents. From dung analysis, 26 fruit species wereidentified. And 46 tree species are debarked by elephants. The density of elephant trails was lower
in savanna than in secondary and riverine forest. Trail density has relations with the number of
the trees of which elephants feed fruit and/or bark. On the other hand, trail width has a positive
relation with the number of the trees of which elephants feed not bark but fruit. These results
suggest that elephant trails might be widen mainly in fruit season but non fruit trees also have an
important role in dynamics of elephant trails.

Poster Abstracts: P-6

Does the tooth shape of macaque provide taxonomic character?

Mao Asami1*, Yingqi Zhang2, Changzhu Jin2, Masanaru Takai1
1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China

2

* asami0263@gmail.com

Macaque has the widest distribution among the extant non-human primates.
Although macaque fossils have been abundantly reported from the Pleistocene sediments
in East and Southeast Asia, most of the specimens consist of isolated teeth and/or
fragmentary jaws. Therefore, their chronological change of the past distribution remains
obscure, because of the difficulty of identification of isolated teeth. To identify such
isolated teeth, we did Geometric Morphometric approach to explore the taxonomic
character in extant macaque species and predict the taxonomic affinity of 28 isolated teeth
fossils from 14 Pleistocene cave sites in Chongzuo, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,
China. Occlusal crown surfaces of lower third molar (M3) was chosen because M3 shapeis easily differentiated from and less worn than other teeth. We set 12 landmarks on M3
using a 3D laser scanner. Then, we conduct a discriminant analysis on the obtained 3D
configurations of the landmarks. Results show there are species-group differences in
Asian macaque. Among three species groups of macaques, fascicularis group showed
relatively marginally positioned, lower cusps than other two, sinica and silenus groups.
All Chongzuo specimens fall within the range of extant Asian macaque, suggesting thatthey belong to extant three species groups. Three species groups of macaques were
sympatrically distributed in Chongzuo area since the early Pleistocene.

Poster Abstracts: P-7

Group Size Estimation of Finless porpoises by Aerial Videos

Tomoe Torii1*, Naruki Morimura1, Satoshi Hirata1
1

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan*

torii.tomoe.75z@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri is distributed throughout the shallow (usually <50m deep) coastal waters of Japan. Group size has been known as 1.92 individuals in the previous
researches, while > 100 individuals show occasional aggregations. Finless porpoise is one ofcetaceans with no dorsal fin, which reduces their visibility for surface observations. A recent study
revealed that a bird-eye’s observation technique using a drone may generate new considerations
on finless porpoise behavior and sociality, while a drone flight last mostly < 20 minutes. So, we
focused on observing them by taking aerial videos at the high bridge for estimating the group size
through observation directly. At the Misumi West Port, Ariake Sound, Japan, settled finless
porpoises are well known among the local people. We conducted a preliminary study forcollecting a day-long behavioral data at Misumi West Port by put the video camera to a bridge at
42 m high.

Poster Abstracts: P-8

Chimpanzees can detect strangeness in bodies: an eye-tracking study
Jie Gao1*, Masaki Tomonaga1
1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan*

gao.jie.87c@kyoto-u.jp

Humans have knowledge about how body parts look like and how they are aligned
in bodies, which is important for us to compose the human figure, discriminate humans
from other species, and to discriminate individuals within humans. However, it is notclear whether other animals have this ability or not. In this study, we tested whether they
can detect strangeness in body images or not in seven chimpanzees to understand theirbody knowledge. We showed them pictures of chimpanzee bodies using an eye tracker.
There were four types of manipulations for each body part, arm or leg. The first werenormal bodies without any manipulations. The area of interest (AOI) was the arm or theleg. In the second type, we misplaced either one arm or one leg to another position in the
body. The AOI in this condition was the arm or leg misplaced. In the third type, we
replaced either one arm or one leg with a leg or an arm, respectively. The AOI in thiscondition was the body part replacing the original arm or leg. In the fourth type, we
replaced either one arm or one leg with a human arm or a human leg, respectively. The
AOI here was the human body part replacing the original arm or leg. For arm
manipulations and leg manipulations respectively, we compared the time to first fixationand fixation duration in the AOIs across the four types of manipulation. In the preliminary
analyses, we found that chimpanzees had the longest fixation duration to the human arms
replacing chimpanzee arms, and shorter fixation duration to the legs replacing the originalarms, shorter fixation duration to the misplaced arms than the previous one, and theshortest fixation duration to the arms in their original places and forms. They also showeda tendency to have longer fixation duration to the human legs replacing chimpanzee legs
than the chimpanzee legs in their original forms. The results show that the chimpanzees
paid more attention to the body parts with strange positions or looks in the body stimuli.
It suggests that they have the knowledge of the arrangement and appearance of body parts,
as humans do.

Poster Abstracts: P-9

Boundaries between humans and captive chimpanzees:
two cases of intensive care in Japan

Vanessa Nadine Gris1*, Gabriela Bezerra de Melo Daly 2, Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki1,
Akihisa Kaneko1, Atsushi Yamanaka1, Juri Suzuki1, Misato Hayashi1, Masaki Tomonaga1,
Tetsuro Matsuzawa1
1

2

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
School of Psychology, University of Saint Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom*

gris.vanessa.23n@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

We describe two cases of intensive chimpanzee care at the Primate Research Institute,
Kyoto University. Both cases presented poor prognosis that could lead to euthanasia. Not quite
so in Japan. Reo was 24-year-old when he suffered of acute tetraparesis from inflammation aroundthe C1 and C2 level. He developed decubitus ulcers and the body weight dropped from 57 kg to
35 kg in two months, despite being under constant intensive care. For 41 months, along withconventional medical protocol, daily session of physiotherapy and touch-screen cognitive tasks
to motivate walking were part of his rehabilitation. His locomotion considerably improved: From
immobilization to being able to reposition himself (8th month), then, to being able to lift himself
up using ropes and bars, Reo could be in upright posture most of the time during the day. Secondly,
Puchi, a previously healthy 51-year-old female chimpanzee was found unconscious andhypothermic in her facility. Her condition evolved to cardiopulmonary arrest. CPR was performed
and she was kept under respiratory assistance for two days. Her prognosis was very poor once
reflexes were absent and bispectral monitoring showed low brain activity. KUPRI followed thehuman policy for brain death, requiring repeated neurological confirmations before any further
measure. After diagnosis of brain death, Puchi was anesthetized and ventilator was disconnected.
Post-mortem exams showed she suffered a severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. In general,
euthanasia can be an option on such cases due to poor prognosis, financial and personnel cost.
However, Japanese are more reluctant towards euthanasia compared to westerners. Likewise, inWestern societies, cruelty is associated with unnecessary suffering. In Japan, however, BuddhistShintoist traditions directly relate cruelty to killing and have been suggested to partially explain
this phenomenon. Furthermore, in KUPRI, strong bonds are created between staff andchimpanzees and our evolutionary proximity is also emphasized. These beliefs fostered symbolicand practical innovations in care and rehabilitation that may serve as guide for the treatment ofphysical impairments in captive great apes.

Poster Abstracts: P-10

Perception of object texture in chimpanzees and humans:
A research plan

Mikuho Yokoyama1*, Masaki Tomonaga1
1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan*

yokoyama.mikuho.28n@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Animals including humans live surrounded by a lot of objects. The surface of themincludes various kinds of texture information, for example, glossiness, transparency, roughness,
etc. They are indispensable for us to judge the quality of the objects and make a behavioral
decision. In my graduation study, I examined how humans constantly perceive and memorize thetexture of objects against the changes of illumination using CG images of plastic, glass, and metal
objects under different illuminations. The results indicated that the perception and memory of
texture were robust against illumination changes, but the degrees of constancy of texture weredifferent between materials.
Non-human primates are also reported to use texture information for various kinds ofdecision making. They may select high quality foods or comfortable places by perceiving the
texture information of objects from their surfaces. For chimpanzees, one of the important textures
is water surface. Although water is indispensable for their life and they drink it every day, they
always avoid being wet. Studying how they perceive water surface helps to understand how they
perceive their ecological environments. To figure out it, two kinds of experiments are being
proposed. One is whether they can correctly perceive the transparency of water under the different
illuminations. The other is how they discriminate between wet and dry objects. We are planning
to use touch panel and eye tracker to study them.

Poster Abstracts: P-11

Does size matter? Examining the possible mechanisms and adaptive
significance of single and multi-male groups in horse societies
Pandora Pinto1* and Satoshi Hirata1
1

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan*pandora_pinto@sapo.pt

Horse groups with single and multiple stallions occur simultaneously throughout theworld in different feral horses’ populations. However, little is known on why such groups withmore than one male exist, considering that stallions naturally fight to monopolize the females.
Body size is often an important determinant of male fighting ability and reproductive success,thus it’s possible that males in single-stallion groups are larger than males in multi-stallion orbachelor groups, making them better competitors or more dominant. We observed feral horses,
more specifically the Garrano horses that live in Northern Portugal, and examined the relationshipbetween body size, sex, group composition (single-stallion, multi-stallion or bachelor group) andnumber of females in the group, by measuring individual body length and height with a noninvasive laser distance meter. Preliminary results showed no significant differences in body lengthand height for all parameters assessed, suggesting that other factors may be more important to
explain the existence of single and multi-stallion groups in horse societies. We tested the accuracyof remote body size measurements in the field, through comparison with known body size ofdomestic individuals, and found no statistical differences from the use of tape measures. Thus,
we may assume the values obtained are reliable and stallions of single-male and multi-malegroups don’t differ in body length and height.

Poster Abstracts: P-12

Social influences on allogrooming behavior in wild bonobos at Wamba,
DRC

Morgane Allanic1*, Misato Hayashi1, Takeshi Furuichi1 and Tetsuro Matsuzawa2
1

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan2*

morganeallanic90@gmail.com

In many species of nonhuman primates, social grooming is the most prominent social
behavior, occupying up to 20% of the daily time budget. The amount of social grooming given
and received, as well as the body site preferences can be related to social variables such as
dominance rank, sex, kinship or age. Bonobos (Pan paniscus) are interesting models to studysocial grooming. Indeed, showing a male philopatry, the non-related females are unexpectedly
highly gregarious and often form coalitions with one another. Moreover, in addition to be
characterized as a tolerant species, wild bonobos regularly range and interact peacefully withneighboring groups, but their grooming interactions have not yet been studied. This study aimed
to investigate the influence of six social parameters (sex, rank, grooming frequency, age, kinship,
and group composition of the dyad) on the social grooming patterns of wild bonobos. Subjects
were two groups of wild bonobos living in Wamba, DR Congo. PE group was composed of 27
individuals (immatures and matures) and PW group of 13 individuals (only matures). Grooming
patterns were recorded from video clips. We found that sex, dominance rank, age and kinshipinfluenced social grooming, whereas grooming frequency and group composition of the dyad did
not. Male, submissive, and mature individuals significantly groomed female, dominant, andimmature ones more than the reverse. Grooming sessions were longer when dyads were composedof mature individuals, of at least one male or when composed of related individuals. Finally, we
found that body site preferences were influenced by dominance rank, age, and kinship. Lowranking, immature, and non-related individuals groomed the head more than higher-ranking,mature and related ones, whereas the latter groomed the back more. Our study showed that social
grooming in wild bonobos is influenced by several social variables, illustrating both the socialand hygienic functions of social grooming.

Poster Abstracts: P-13

Do chimpanzees’ sleep patterns change with age? Looking back adecadeKristin Havercamp1*, Naruki Morimura1,2, Satoshi Hirata1,2
1*Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan
2
Kumamoto Sanctuary, Kyoto University, Japan
kristin.havercamp.24z@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Primates, like many other animals, spend around half of their lifetime sleeping,
yet this behavior is rarely studied. In natural habitats it might be difficult or impossible todirectly observe nocturnal activities, but in captivity the opportunity exists to record,
study and thus better understand individual and/or group sleeping behavior and patterns.
Human sleep patterns have been shown to change with increasing age, with sleep quality
diminishing, and whether this also occurs in our close primate relatives is understandably
unknown. Morimura et al. (2012) published one of the few studies describing captive
chimpanzee sleep patterns non-invasively, utilizing video recorded from around 11 years
ago at Kumamoto Sanctuary. We are replicating this study, which requires analyzing 72
13-hour night recordings made over the past year of 12 of the same individuals toinvestigate whether or not their sleep patterns change with age. I will present the mostcurrent results of our project.

Poster Abstracts: P-14

Preliminary behavioral survey of bonobos in Mbali, savanna-forest
mosaic environment
Ena Onishi1*, James Gerald Brooks1, Yuta Shintaku1,2, Gen’ichi Idani1 and Shinya Yamamoto3
1

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University
2
Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama
3 Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University*

enaonishi@gmail.com

Bonobos (Pan paniscus) are one of the only two living species closest to our last common
ancestor. However, comprehensive study is largely lacking compared to chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes), and they are threatened with extinction due to several factors such as poaching andpolitical instability of the only habit, Democratic Republic of Congo. Most of the past studies onbonobos have been conducted in rich tropical rainforests such as Wamba and LuiKotale. Uniquely,
Mbali Malebo is a new field site pioneered by Kyoto University researchers which consists ofsavanna-forest environment, where no behavioral research has been conducted on bonobos yet.
Studies in such environment may provide interesting insights to human evolution because thisenvironment is thought to be the key for some major human evolution topics such as bipedalism.
In here, preliminary report of the very first visit will be reported with some possible future
research plans. Attempts for drone flights in Lola ya Bonobo, the bonobo sanctuary in DRC close
to Kinshasa, as well as Mbali Malebo will be introduced with visual aid. Other basic informationsuch as visibility, distance to bonobos and number of individuals will be discussed.

Poster Abstracts: P-15

Great apes’ understanding of biomechanically possible and impossible
body movements

Yutaro Sato1*
1

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japansato.yutaro.76w@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

For social living animals, understanding other individuals’ behaviors is importantto acquire information on physical and social environments. Behaviors are exerted underthe biomechanical constraints. Understanding of the biomechanical rule is necessary toassess the efficiency of others’ behaviors and to infer the intention behind the behaviors.
Morita et al. (2012) conducted an eye-tracking study, in which human adults and infants
were presented with the 3-D animation clips depicting an agent (human or robot) bending
their elbows either in a biomechanically-possible or -impossible way. Both of the adultand infant participants looked at the elbow areas longer when they moved in abiomechanically-impossible way, indicating their fundamental understanding of thebiomechanical rule. Additionally, adult participants exhibited increased pupil diametersin response to the impossible arm movement, suggesting their affective reactions to it.
Following this previous study, I sought to examine whether chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) distinguish biomechanically possible andimpossible body movements, both behaviorally and physiologically. I presented theparticipants with the stimuli used in the previous study with slight modifications for apes.
In addition, an ape model stimulus created for the current study was also presented. For
the looking behaviors, they discriminated the human model’s movement according to thebiomechanical rule, but failed to do so for robot and ape models. This suggests that they
do understand the violation of biomechanical rules. The ape model itself may haveappeared uncanny for the participant, which made the impossible body movement lesssalient. With regard to the pupillometry, although the results seemed inconsistent with theprevious study, it was difficult to draw firm conclusions because apes did not fixate on
the monitor continuously, as is often the case with such experiments. Thus, their pupil
diameters may have been largely affected by artifacts (e.g., the local luminance of thestimulus, or surrounding environments). Further studies are necessary to establish
experimental protocols for the appropriate use of pupillometry as an indicator of
emotions.

Poster Abstracts: P-16

Preliminary DNA analysis using non-invasive samples from captivesnow leopards in Japan’s zoos

Qi Huiyuan1*, Inoue-Murayama Miho1, 2, Taro Sugimoto3, Kinoshita Kodzue1
1

2

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8203, Japan
Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba
305-8506, Japan
3
Meiji University, Tokyo 101-8301, Japan*

407043823a@gmail.com

The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an endangered and elusive apex predator inhabitingin vast high-altitude areas across Asia. Due to its limited population and ecological traits, noninvasive samples are widely applied in the snow leopard studies. Captive population is both
valuable stock resource and nearby study material for the conservation of snow leopards. Herewe conducted preliminary studies of 1. the genetic diversity of the captive population of snow
leopards living in Japan’s zoos, and 2. the epigenetic estimation of age with the use of fecal
samples.
About the genetic diversity of the captive population, we genotyped 8 microsatellite
markers of captive individuals in Japan’s zoos and compared the result with the genetic diversity
level of wild groups where founders were from.
Age is an essential information which is related with reproductive potential and isnecessary for the estimation of the spatiotemporal change of population structure. Yet, it isdifficult to assess age in elusive snow leopards and current methods for estimating snow leopards’
age cannot be applied to all age stages. Age estimation based on age-induced epigenetic changes
in DNA methylation has been studied on human beings, mice, dogs and several wild animal
species. Here, we referred to the candidate marker genes of dogs and redesigned species-specificviably age-associated primers of snow leopards with the use of fecal samples of captive
individuals in Japan’s zoos.

Poster Abstracts: P-17

A bonobo at Wamba captured a duiker, but did not eat it – implication
for their “prey image”.

Takumasa Yokoyama1*1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan*takumasa.yokoyama.23s@kyoto-u.ac.jp

Bonobos hunt and consume the meat of medium-sized terrestrial mammals such as otherprimates (e.g. Galago demidovii), forest antelopes, squirrels, and rodents in wild conditions.
However, at Wamba, Luo Scientific Reserve, hunting and meat eating by bonobos was relatively
infrequent compared to other study sites, and bonobo have never been observed to hunt othermammals except for flying squirrels.
In addition, interspecific interactions between bonobos and other species have beenreported at Wamba. For example, grooming behaviors between bonobos and red colobus monkeys(Colobus badius) have been reported, as well as a case study of bonobos carrying a dead redtailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) for over a month-long period. A case report at Lilungu,
indicated that bonobos were interested in a captured monkey but handled the monkey in a mannerthat can be described as a play toy.
Here I report a new case of an adult female bonobo capturing a blue duiker (Cephalophus
monticola) and carrying the duiker deer for approximately 30 minutes at Wamba. During theobservations, the captured duiker deer continued to shrieks and was not eaten by bonobos. Fiveadult females, one adult male, two adolescent females, and one adolescent male bonobos were
following such adult female who was carrying the duiker deer, but she seemed to escape fromthem. Unfortunately, we lost her for approximately two hours. When we found her again, she did
not have the duiker deer.
My observations indicate that the female bonobo manipulated the duiker deer in a mannerthat can perhaps be described as play. Moreover, this reported case will help us to interpret
differences and similarities of “prey image” among bonobo research sites.

Poster Abstracts: P-18

Genetic diversity of the Japanese golden eagle at microsatellite andmajor histocompatibility complex loci

Annegret M Naito*1, Yu Sato1, Taku Maeda2 and Miho Inoue-Murayama1
1

2

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Iwate Prefectural Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Morioka, Japan*annegret.naito.42m@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

The endangered Japanese golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos japonica) has a shrinking
population, with around 500 individuals in the wild. This decline is thought to be due to habitat
loss and poor forestry practices. Surveying the genetic diversity of small populations is crucial
for the conservation of this subspecies – low genetic diversity leads to inbreeding depression andits consequences (e.g. genetic abnormalities, higher risk of disease, reduced adaptability tochanging environments). Previous studies of the Japanese golden eagle have found that genetic
diversity measured at 16 neutral microsatellite markers is well maintained in both wild and captive
populations. However, seven of these markers deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(HWE), some loci were not highly polymorphic, and others experienced problems in PCR
amplification. To improve the current panel of markers, we developed another 20 microsatellite
markers. The new markers were more polymorphic and will serve as a valuable addition to themarker panel. Preliminary results from these new makers agreed with past studies – moderatelevels of heterozygosity and low levels of inbreeding was observed in both wild (observed
heterozygosity Ho = 0.467, inbreeding coefficient F = -0.002) and captive (Ho = 0.463, F = 0.024)
populations. We chose the best markers out of the new and 16 preexisting markers, based on PCR
success, HWE p-values, and ease of scoring, to analyze more samples. In addition to neutral loci,we expanded the survey of genetic diversity to functional genes as well. Currently, we are
studying the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II DRB gene. This gene encodes fora constituent of the MHC class II protein, which presents antigens to initiate the immune response.
Studies across vertebrate taxa show that this gene is responsible for immunological fitness as wellas mate choice, so this is a relevant gene to be studying in an endangered species. Combining
sequences available from online databases with bioinformatic data obtained from whole genome
sequences of the Japanese and Scottish golden eagles, we found 39 single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 2 of the target gene. In the future, we wish to apply next
generation sequencing techniques to sequence more individuals of the Japanese golden eagle andsurvey the genetic diversity at this locus.

Poster Abstracts: P-19

Investigating Olfactory Receptors in Hystricomorpha, a Suborder ofRodentia:

Scott Jenkins1*, Chris Adenyo2, Miho Inoue-Murayama1, Boniface B. Kayang3, and Tsuyoshi
Koide41

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Livestock & Poultry Research Centre, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
3
Department of Animal Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
4
Mouse Genomics Research Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan2*

shjenkins94@gmail.com

The genes coding for olfactory receptors were first identified in rodents. The olfactory
receptor families of humans and mice have been extensively studied, but less is known about theolfactory receptors of other species. Olfactory receptors are identified based on homology,
making it more difficult to identify olfactory receptors that are less similar to those alreadyidentified. However, by adapting previous methods used to identify olfactory receptors, it ispossible to develop a pipeline that can identify olfactory receptors in the genomes of similar
species.
The phylogeny of rodents is controversial, but most classification schemes include
hystricomorpha as a major clade. Hystricomorphs have a distinct jaw structure that distinguishes
them from other rodents. Well known species include the porcupine, naked mole-rat, andcapybara, as well as domesticated species like guinea pigs and chinchillas. Following in thelatter’s footsteps is the grasscutter, a large sub-Saharan rodent currently undergoing domestication.
The recent release of several hystricomorph genome assemblies has made it possible to compare
species in this clade at the genomic level. This presentation will look at the development of apipeline to identify hystricomorph olfactory receptor genes and include some preliminary results.

Poster Abstracts: P-20

Auditory enrichment in two primate species kept in the Maia Zoo:
Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and Green monkey(Chlorocebus sabaeus)

Diana da Silva1*, Sofia N.Wasterlain2, Renata Mendinça3
1

2

Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra,
Portugal3
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan*

diana.silva_omega@hotmail.com

In captivity, primates are usually deprived from important stimuli typically foundin the wild. A way to provide a more stimulating and complex environment is throughauditory enrichment. This has been a topic of interest due to the positive effects that music
has on humans and some other animal species. The aim of this study is to explore theeffect that music has in two primate species, Callithrix jacchus (N= 5) e Chlorocebussabaeus (N=7), living in the Maia Zoo, Northern Portugal. Each individual under study
was exposed to two stimuli (classic music and rainforest sounds), and to control sessions
in which none of the stimulus was played. Focal sampling and continuous observation
were used in 20 minutes sessions, in which affiliative and agnostic behaviours wereregistered. The obtained results revealed no evidences of any significant effect of musicin the frequency of agnostic and affiliative behaviours in either species tested. However,some physiological effects, might have occurred has a response to the sound, and further
studies should investigate that.

Poster Abstracts: P-21

Effects of substrate change in bar-hanging behavior in the Takahama
group at the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University
Josue Alejandro1*, Zhuoling Li2, Michael A. Huffman1
1

Ecology and Social Behavior Department, Primate Research Institute,2
Kyoto University, Inuyama City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
McGill University, Montreal, QC*josue.pastrana.64s@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

At the Primate Research Institute, one group of Japanese macaques housed in an outdoor
enclosure, the Takahama group, engages in a unique behavior that we have termed “bar-hanging”
which we have studied for some time now. This behavior is observed in all age-sex categories, it
has increased over the years, leading us to propose that it is a socially transmitted, cultural
behavior. Bar-hanging is observed the most when weather conditions are mild and external
stressors are at a minimum. During the summer of 2019, we added different substrates (bamboo
and plastic) to the enclosure in the locations on bars where they exhibited this behavior the most.
We present our preliminary findings on the impact that substrate change had on this cultural
behavior.

Poster Abstracts: P-22

Investigation of Social Structure and The Function of Acoustic
Communication to Maintain Social Relationship in Free-ranging
Horses (Equus caballus)

Sakiho Ochi1* and Satoshi Hirata1
1

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan*ochisakiho11@gmail.com

Horse (Equus Caballus) is thought to be social animal. Feral individuals make longlasting harem groups. Also, throughout the long time after domesticated, horses have developed
unique relationship with human. Nowadays, they are kept in human society mostly as a working
animal such as riding horse or race horse. However, for those animals it is difficult to build propersocial relationship with conspecifics because they spend much more time with human or bythemselves (for example: in their stall). In this study, we aimed to reveal the social relationshipamong free-ranging individuals discuss the difference of social structure between free-ranging
horses and feral horses. We set up 1) food sharing experiment and 2) vocal analysis. Thirty-fiveindividuals separated in three groups (the numbers of individuals are; Group A: 11, Group B: 12,
Group C: 12) were used for those two experiment/observation. For 1), we made 20m circle inhorse grazing field where horses usually being kept, piled up hay at (the number of individuals in
the group + two) points. We observed their aggression (aggressive behavior such as swinging
their head, laying down their ears and approaching toward other individual), and food sharing(eating hay at the same point). In total 476 times of aggressions and 227 times of food sharing
were observed. To investigate their social structure, we calculated their dominance order by using
Average Dominance Index from aggression behavior, and closeness and centrality by using social
network analysis (degree centrality) from food sharing behavior. For 2) we attached small
microphones on each individual of horse groups and recorded horses’ vocalizations throughout
the day. In the result, we did not find strong relationship between the dominance order and thecentrality. This indicates the different result from feral horses’, which is reported in previous
studies.

Poster Abstracts: P-23

Coordination of trunk motion during bipedal walking in thefrontal plane: a comparison between human, white-handed
gibbon and Japanese macaque

Yuki Kinoshita1*, Ryosuke Goto2, Yoshihiko Nakano2 and Eishi Hirasaki1
1
2

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
Department of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan*kinoshita.yuki.25x@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

In human walking, the pelvis lists toward swing side during support phase, while
the thorax lists toward stance side. Thus, the pelvis and thorax rotate oppositely to eachother in the frontal plane. In chimpanzee’s bipedal walking, however, the pelvis lists
toward stance side during support phase on the contrary to human (O’Neill et al., 2015).
Furthermore, since the thorax also lists toward stance side, the oscillation of body massis larger than human (Thompson et al., 2018). However, except chimpanzees, there havebeen few reports about trunk movements during bipedal walking in non-human primates,
and it is unclear whether human-like coordination between pelvis and thorax is uniquestrategy to humans or not. Here, we collected three-dimensional kinematic data in a whitehanded gibbon and five Japanese macaques to investigate the frontal plane trunk
kinematics during bipedal walking. Our results showed that both of two species listed
their pelvis and thorax toward stance side as well as the chimpanzees, suggesting that thetrunk movement pattern in human is unique among primates. Although overall trunk
movement seems similar in the three non-human primates, the relative motions between
the pelvis and thorax were different; chimpanzees list their thorax over the pelvis, while
our gibbon and macaque subjects list their thorax back towards the midline. In otherwords, their thorax rotated oppositely relative to the pelvis during support phase. The
observed difference may be related to narrower step width and smaller abduction of thethigh in the gibbon and macaques, rather than to differences in their entire trunk
morphology.

Poster Abstracts: P-24

Antagonistic interactions and spatial relationships
between immigrant and resident females in Wamba bonobos

Kazuya Toda1*, Furuichi Takeshi
1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan*

toda.kazuya.78x@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

In group-living animals, transfer from a familiar social unit to another unfamiliar social
unit is one of the milestones of life history. Responses of resident conspecifics toward newcomers
may vary among species depending on whether the social and ecological costs of intragroupcompetition outweigh the benefits of grouping. Intensive aggression of resident females against
newly immigrant females has been reported in some primate species with female transfer,including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). On the other hand, female bonobos (Pan paniscus)
exhibit high levels of social tolerance outside kinship, and female immigration into unfamiliargroups is likely a relatively mild and smooth process. This study examined how group tenure offemale bonobos are reflected in spatial relationships and antagonistic interactions networked
among them, in order to test an alternative hypothesis that resident females are hostile toward
newly immigrant females. In our observations, female bonobos with a relatively short tenure
received female aggression more frequently than those with longer tenure. However, we foundthat antagonistic interactions occurred more frequently between pairs with a shorter interval ofgroup tenure. In addition, female bonobos with a shorter tenure were not peripheral in spatial
relationships. This study suggests that resident females with a longer tenure may be tolerant withyoung immigrant females. Our findings imply that female bonobo immigration might provide
possible benefits (e.g., intensified protection against predators, strengthened cooperative defense
against male aggression, and enhanced reproductive rates for sons) outweighing the costs of foodcompetition. Further research on generational relationships may be the key to a better
understanding of the variety of social systems among primates.

Poster Abstracts: P-25

mtDNA and microsatellite analyses of the Ryukyu flying fox

Yuto Taki1*, Christian E. Vincenot2, Yu Sato1 and Miho Inoue-Murayama1
1
2

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan*sakyoulemmus@gmail.com

There are 122 mammal species in Japan, and 37 of them are bats. The Ryukyu flyingfox (Pteropus dasymallus) is one of the bat species in Japan, distributed in the Ryukyu
archipelago, Taiwan, and possibly the Philippines, and is divided into 5 subspecies. They
mainly eat fruits, nectar, and sometimes leaves, and has an important role in pollination andseed dispersal. Although they are listed as VU (vulnerable) in IUCN Red List, few genetic
analyses have been conducted for their conservation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate
genetic diversity and investigate the genetic structure of the Ryukyu flying fox between islands.
At first, we conducted mtDNA haplotype analysis with the samples collected in 8 islands where
one of the subspecies P. d. yaeyamae live. We identified 39 haplotypes in 526bp of the control
region of 142 samples. 14 haplotypes were shared between some islands, and haplotype network
for the 8 islands did not show any clear genetic structure. However, some haplotypes were only
found in particular islands, so there might be some genetic structure which could not be
revealed by mtDNA analysis. Therefore, we newly developed 34 microsatellite markers andtested them with 24 tissue samples. The average of the number of alleles, observed
heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity were 6.3, 0.625, 0.679, respectively. As a result of
microsatellite analyses with samples from 3 islands (Miyako, Ishigaki, and Yonaguni), we
found genetic differences between islands. Each island had a different level of genetic diversity,
but populations in Miyako and Ishigaki were genetically similar while Yonaguni seemed to be
more isolated.

Poster Abstracts: P-26

Multilevel structure in feral horse society: Evidence from aerial
observation using drones

Tamao Maeda1, *, Sakiho Ochi1, Monamie Ringhofer2, Hirata Satoshi1 and Shinya Yamamoto2,
1Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8203, Japan
2Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan*

tamao@powarch.com

Most of the studies on polyadic social interactions are limited to the individual level
whilst the inter-group social relationships have been mostly studied through the dyadic
relationships. A multilevel society is a society with nested levels of social organization and ischaracterized by the intense polyadic interactions among the groups; thus, it is both important andinteresting to study group-level relationships in a social system. Their functions and mechanisms
are still poorly understood, especially for non-primate species, because of the lack of quantitative
data. In this study, we aimed to apply spatial association data to verify the presence of a modular
structure in feral horse society using the drone technique. Drones have recently been used for
behavioral study, but individual identifications from the aerial photos have been rarely attemptedin the previous studies. We took aerial photos of a feral horse herd in Serra D’Arga, Portugal in
30-minute intervals using drones, identified all the individuals, and collected their position data.
We could observe 126 over-one-year-old horses in total which were present at the observationsite. Their interindividual distance distribution showed two clear peaks, suggesting the presenceof small social organizations, i.e., “units.” We successfully defined 23 units (21 harems and 2 allmale-units; AMUs) and several solitary bachelors using the distance data. The units’ home ranges
largely overlapped and their inter-unit distances were significantly smaller than the randomized
data, which suggest units aggregate to form a higher-level social organization, namely a “herd.”
Moreover, this herd had a structure where larger harems were more likely to be in the center,
while all-male-units were in the peripheral zone. These three pieces of evidence regarding theexistence of units, unit aggregation, and stable positioning among units strongly indicates that
there is a multilevel structure in feral horse society. Our study has successfully provided an
innovative method for the quantitative evaluation of this multilevel society. It may enable further
understanding of its functions through comparison with other social indices, as well as crossspecies and cross-population comparisons in future studies.

Poster Abstracts: P-27

What are the implications of tree cover loss for chimpanzees andhumans across the greater Nimba landscape in Guinea?
Maegan Fitzgerald1*, Janet Nackoney2, Peter Potapov2, Svetlana Turubanova2, and Satoshi
Hirata11

2

Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States*

maeg2nimba@gmail.com

Historically, the Upper Guinean Forest stretched across west Africa, but this once
contiguous, dense canopy forest is now a highly fragmented ecosystem. The Forestière region ofsoutheastern Guinea contains some of the last remaining patches of Upper Guinean Forest in the
country. Within this region, the Nimba mountains are one such remnant patch of this forest
ecosystem and are habitat for a variety of endemic and threatened flora and fauna, including the
Critically Endangered Western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus). The Nimba mountains arealso rich in natural resources such as iron ore and provides essential ecosystem services for a
rapidly growing human population. The ability to reconcile sustainable development withbiodiversity conservation requires knowledge of not only the current situation in the region, butof its history and how this landscape has changed over time. This presentation will give an
overview of historic (2001 to 2018) tree cover loss across the greater Nimba landscape and its
implications for both chimpanzees and humans.

Poster Abstracts: P-28

Mainland versus Island Adaptation: Impacts and Consequences on
Body Size and Biodiversity of Primates
Halmi Insani1,2, Masanaru Takai1
1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
2
Geological Museum, Geological Agency, Bandung, Indonesia*

halmi.insani@gmail.com

Southeast Asian primates appears to be one of the most successful mammals in the
dynamic palaeoclimatic changes since at least 1 mya. Human and non-human primates reflect thecomplex history of wide range of ecological and geographic variation, which presents to be thesource of different systematics and biogeographic models. The past combinative effects ofgeographic factors (latitude, bathymetric barrier, and duration of island isolation), periodic sea
level changes, and the contribution of human and/or non-human primate interaction are crucial
subjects in studying their north-to-south dispersal events from continental to archipelago of Sunda
Shelf and the phylogeographic analysis of human and non-human primates. Cranial size and shapedifference between Homo erectus in mainland and island displays peculiarity on the effect of
insularity. Data analyses on cranial landmarks of three non-human primates genera provides moreclear resolution to reconstruct the complete scenario on how insular primates dispersed andadapted to their present biogeographical distribution.

Poster Abstracts: P-29

Lack of confidence?
Here are new tools to assess your network uncertainty

Kenneth Keuk1*, Julie Duboscq2, and Andrew JJ MacIntosh1
1

2

Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
UMR7206 Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, CNRS –MNHN –Paris Diderot, Paris, France*

kenneth.keuk.57m@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Graph theory, or the use of network analysis to model, describe and infer from complex
biological, ecological, or evolutionary systems, has become more and more widespread. With arich toolkit borrowed from linear Algebra, Physics and Statistics, networks can model variedsystems of connected elements – individuals in the case of a social network – and provide
measures from local to global scales. But only few studies focused on how (un)reliable thesemeasures could be in animal social networks, where data collection implies many challenges andconstraints, often limiting sample size. We present here two readily applicable tools to assess andeven mitigate parts of the uncertainty surrounding those measures, for people that could beinterested in applying (social) network analysis in their research. The first address uncertainty
from stochastic sampling in general, the second automate a dynamic data aggregation that assess
uncertainty from sampling through time. We showcase their use in a field study on the Japanesemacaques of Kōshima. There, while individual centrality in proximity networks is correlated tohigher parasite loads, we show that ultimate inferences of a study can vary if you consider or not
how uncertain your data are.

紹介
霊長類学 ワ
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霊長類学

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国 海外展開い 瞰力 国際性 富日本
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いう新興 学問分野 確立さ
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2018

◎比較認知科学
比較認知科学実習
認知科学実習
動物福祉実習
動物福祉実習◎笹ヶ峰実習◎笹ヶ峰実習無雪期 積雪期

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第 回
第 回
第 回
第 回
第 回
第 回

いま

▼ 教養科目

博士課程相当分◎動物福祉学研

自学自習 現地習得

実習

度実施例
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2018/06/17-09/08 L2＠ウ ン
ン ン
攻撃性 生理学的状態 比較
2018/08/31-2019/02/26 L3＠ン
ウ 利用環境 採食品目
調査
2018/05/03-07/16 L3＠
半野生ウ
行動研究
2018/05/24-08/23 L4＠
種子食 特化
霊長類
未 熟個体
採食行
動
達
2018/4/11-06/16 L5＠ ン
Vocal communication in Asian elephants

活動研

◎ ッ

◎

ＷＷＦ職員 大使 知事
多様 講師
随時開催
いま
公用語 定
いま

英国 ン
ン
研究者 政
府関係者 講師
公
用語 英語
随
時開催
いま

第 回
第 回
第 回
第 回
第 回
第 回
第 回

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Introduction to the Program
Leading Graduate Program in Primatology and Wildlife Science (PWS)
The Leading Graduate Program in Primatology and Wildlife Science (PWS) strives to realize global well-being. The program aims to foster individuals
with the ability to make quick judgements about environmental issues and to design a future global society, while at the same time nurturing leadersindispensable for global action.
Japanese primatology has played a leading role in this unique academic endeavor. During recent years, the field of “Wildlife Science”, which targets
endangered species research, has begun to emerge. With fieldwork as its foundation, the fundamental aims of this field are a comprehensive
understanding of the human mind, body, life and genome, as well as hands-on activities that target the well-being of the world.
While on the frontlines of academic research, wildlife science in Japan lacks three important careers that already exist in the West: (1) Conservation
specialists with international organization, such as the United Nations and other NGOs; (2) Curators of museums, zoos, aquariums, and similar
institutions, particularly those that can develop and/or expand museums or zoos as a “field museums” in a specific habitat; and (3) Dedicatedindividuals that invest great lengths of time in outreach activities in specific countries and societies, the so-called “boots-on-the-ground” approach.
While providing a foundation for new research, education and hands-on experience, this program aims to nurture global leaders whose
accomplishments grow hand-in-hand with the larger academic field. For further details on the program, please refer to our HP.
http://www.wildlife-science.org/

Conservation specialists of internationalorganization(s) such as the United Nations and
NGO

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Sasagamine Hütte (cabin)in Myoko-kogen

We have field stations in 3 of thelargest tropical rain forest(Amazon, Congo, Borneo)

KUMAMOTO Sanctuary
Wildlife Research Center
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Japan Monkey Centrech

YAKUSHIMA Field Station“PWS House YAKUSHIMA”

KOSHIMA Field Station

Primate ResearchInstitute

The Leading Graduate Program in Primatology and Wildlife Science (PWS) is a 5-year program. Students approved to join the PWS program from theirfirst year of Master’s program will progress from L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and will complete the program in 5 years.
The PWS program is completed by students parallel to their existing Kyoto University master’s and doctoral programs. Therefore, students do notneed to change their supervisor or section/laboratory to join PWS. However, there are two necessary conditions for eligibility:
1. A graduate student of Kyoto University:
It is required to become a graduate student of the Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science (Kyoto University). However, we are in theprocess of adjustment for students of other graduate departments to enroll in our program, so please do not hesitate to inquire.
2. To apply and receive approval to enroll into our program:
The process is the same for both Japanese natives and foreign students. Eligible students: 1st year Master’s students (will be called L1 student), or adoctoral students (will be called L3 student). Annually, we will disclose the guidelines for applicants in mid-January, and administer the entrance examin the beginning of March. The schedule for October-enrolled students is different. (http://www.wildlife-science.org/index-en.html)

Curriculum
Leading Graduate Program in Primatology and Wildlife Science (PWS)
The following contents show the curriculum and schedule that the Leading Graduate Program in Primatology and Wildlife Science offer. Credits
obtained through the mandatory courses can also be used as credit for Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University.
NOTE: Course schedules are subject to change. For more information, refer to the following site: http://www.wildlife-science.org/en/curriculum/
Please contact the following e-mail address for any questions about the curriculum of PWS: info@wildlife-science.org▼ MANDATORY COURSES

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EXAMPLES (Academic Year 2018):

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May 19th – August 27th, 2018 (L4@UGANDA):
How gorillas see the world: accessing the current impact
of mountain gorilla ecotourism in Bwindi Impenetrable
Park (Uganda)
May 7th – June 28th, 2018 (L4@KOREA):
Field Study in Jeju Island
April 11th - June 16th, 2018 (L5@INDIA):
Vocal communication in Asian elephants
May 19th - Dec. 29th, 2018 (L5@INDIA):
Observing the higher altitude langurs&
üMany group fieldworks are designed by Students.
- JIGOKUDANI/TAKASAKIYAMA- Kids Jamboree@ TOKYO- SHODOSHIMA- SHIRETOKO (Killer Whale)- San Francisco

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nerdnite4000
Featuring
Shenwen Xu
Dance

Tomiya Susumu

Trivia quiz
Alexander D. Hester

Memories

MC Raquel Costa

Flashbacks
Silent auction**

September 20th @ JMC*
NerdNite provides a fun and interactive
forum for communicating science!
facebook.com/
nerdniteinuyama/

Entrance: Free
Start: 19:00(Doors open @ 18:30)*Rest area, next to the restaurant** Donate a vintage item to support NerdNite Inuyama!

PWS Buddha Seminar

環境省
日時：

ンターン

ップ報告

2019年９月22日

日

13:00～14:00
会場：日本モンキーセンター

ビジターセンター

言語：日本語

ホール

Language：JAPANESE

－内容－

白山

ン

越智咲穂

大台ヶ原

義村弘仁

ャー体験記！～自然と人を繋ぐ仕事～
京都大学野生動物研究センター・修士

蘇る

京都大学野生動物研究センター・修士

希少種保全
鳥井朋恵

最前線＠霞

年

年

関

京都大学野生動物研究センター・修士

主催：京都大学

霊長類学・ワ

ド

フサ

エン

年

・

ーデ

ング大学院