Enabling Environment for Scaling-up low carbon Initiative at City Level
A case study Retrofit CNG Buses in Semarang City
Sudarmanto Budi Nugroho
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan

22/08/2023

Summary of AIM Analysis for [Semarang]
Low Carbon City Scenario (LCS)

Cross
SectorAction 5:
Green Energy

Action 1: Green
Industry
Action2: Sustainable
Transport

Action 3:
Smart Building

Action 4: Smart
DeviceTransport Sector

26年度事業

In depth
Study:
SectoralModel Project /Pilot

People Behaviour
Awareness Raising touse BRT for Junior HighSchool Students

Development of Low Carbon Infrastructure Projects(JCM Program)Sustainable Transport
Conversion of CNG Bus

Green Energy
Mini Hydro

Solar PV

Model Pilot Project 2019
Scaling-up :(1) City level (2019 – 2023)(2) Across cities

1Scaling-up from JCM Model Project to City Level

JCM ModelProject72 (50%)buses

JCM FS
Study

Scaling-up to 249
buses (91.88% oftotal 271 buses)

20212022
Piloting: Learning process ofHybrid CNG-Diesel Bus byTrans Semarang

Chapter 4: Institutionalsettings and governance2Four set component of scaling-up low carbon technology (Nugroho, 2015)
1. Build Capacity

2. Engage
Stakeholders• What are existingand needed
capacities?

• Who are the keyactors andorganizations?

• How can needed
capacities be built?

• What processes canhelp build thesecapacities?
• What processes canconsolidate existing
capacities?

• What are theirinterests andresources?
• Is there sufficient
coordination andcommunication?

• What are possible
points of contention
and how might they
be reconciled?

3. Mobilize
Resources• What are the main
sources of funding?
• Are these sources
sufficient or areoutside resources
needed?
• What is the funding
cycle?
• What about otherhuman andtechnologicalresources besides
funding?

4. Share Learnings• How will
performance beassessed?
• What processes andmechanisms are inplace for sharing
performance andexperiences?
• Do existingprocesses andmechanisms reachall necessary
stakeholders?
• How can they reachother cities?

3

Analysis the Enabling Conditions of retrofit program in Semarang City
No

1

Components

Building
Capacity

Pilot Project Phase

•

•
•
2

Stakeholder
engagement

••

•
3

Mobilize
Resource•••

Scaling-up to the city level

Knowledge accumulated for several year (2010 – 2017). It •started by ACCCRN, familiar with climate change issue(adaptation) → shift to mitigation. Smooth transition, notstart from scratch and zero.
Many experts in local•
Familiar with necessary data, available and easily to beaccessed→ helpful to develop concrete proposal

Technical and Skill capacity accumulated for during the pilot
stage (2019 – 2020), familiar with trouble and solution forthe operation and maintenance of new technology
intervention.
Familiar with monitoring data, verification and reporting(MRV)→ helpful to develop data driven policy•

Working with national government and stated owned
company to overcome shortage of gas and its
infrastructures.
Expand the network and corridors or services to increase
the demand
Stakeholders engagement with private companies (busservice providers) to retrofit the bus
Convince the private companies with a tangible benefit
based on MRV during the pilot/model projectWorking group and social capital was exist through theadaptation activities. Establish working group toexecute/implement the project (different team withstudy/planning team).
Bottom up ideas, stakeholders decision making process,ownership of project by many parties, and leadership ofcity major.
Once the decision was made by mayor, all lower levelsupport the decision and have ownership to the project.

•••

Matching demand and supply (match matching process). •Technology is available, local company also available towork with Japanese company•
Size of project → necessary of budget that achievable(feasible)
Critical success factor was a detailed understanding how
the planning and budgeting process functioned in boththeory and practice.

Set-up a data driven low carbon policy/standard for lowcarbon buses
Led the scaling-up to a city wide by private companies
without government spending

4