ᚑくᄢቇℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥႎ๔
J. Fac. Sci. Tech., Seikei Univ.
Vol.46 No.1 (2009) pp.51-58
㧔⎇ⓥႎ๔㧕ᖱႎㅢା㧔+%6㧕ᛛⴚߩㅴዷߣᴺᓞ໧㗴㧔ߘߩ㧝㧕̆ ⪺૞ᮭ໧㗴ߩ⃻⁁ߣߎࠇ߆ࠄ࡯᧛਄ ੳᏆ*1የᒻ ືᔒ*2㧘Ꮉፒ ⑲ੑ*3Development of Information and Communication Technologies and Its Impact to Legal Issue㧔㧝㧕̆ Present status of copyright problems ̆Hitomi MURAKAMI*1Satoshi OGATA*2Shuji KAWASAKI*3

ABSTRACT: Development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and theirpenetration such as Internet and digital broadcasting gave deep impact to copyright issues. Digitaltechnology makes it possible to copy the multimedia content (image, picture and sound) keeping theirquality equivalent. For example, various kinds of digital broadcasting contents can be copied many times
with the equivalent quality of original and sent them by Internet to unspecified persons, anytime andanywhere. These kinds of digital technologies are now indispensable in our daily lives. On the otherhand, such a very useful technology has the negative impact for copyright holder of those contents. This
paper discusses the relationship between advancing digital technologies and related legal issues focusing
on copyright problems. In addition, legal issues are also introduced for Ubiquitous network environment
which is expected to be the next generation infrastructure of communication network.
Keywords: Information, communication, Internet, broadcasting, copyright(Received March 23, 2009)㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦICT(Information and Communication Technology)ᛛⴚߩ㕟ᣂ߇㧘ᓟ਎߆ࠄ㧘ੱ㑆␠ળߩ޽ࠅࠃ߁ߩᄌൻߣߒߡߤߩ ᛛⴚߩㅴᱠ߇␠ળߩ޽ࠅࠃ߁ࠍᄌ߃ߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬ฎߊߪㄘࠃ߁ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆ߆㧘╙྾ᰴߩ↥ᬺ㕟๮㧩ICT 㕟๮⠹ᛛⴚߩ⊒ዷ߇૛೾ㄘ↥‛ࠍ↢ߺ㧘ኽᑪ೙㗔ਥߩᡰ㈩ߔ

ߣ⒓ߐࠇࠆ߆ุ߆ߪᧂ⍮ߩߎߣߢߪ޽ࠆ߇㧘ICT ᛛⴚߩࠆᤨઍࠍഃࠅ㧘㊄ዻടᎿᛛⴚߩ⊒ዷ߇↢↥ജࠍ㜞߼ࠆߣㅴᱠ߇↢ࠎߛࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻߿࿾࠺ࠫߣ⒓ߐࠇࠆ࠺ࠫ࠲

หᤨߦᏱ஻౓ജࠍ଻ᜬߔࠆኾ೙ำਥ࿖ኅߩᒻᚑࠍน⢻ߦ࡞࠹࡟ࡆ᡼ㅍߣ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩㅴൻᒻߣߒߡߩ࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬࡀߒߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬േജⵝ⟎ߩ㐿⊒ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ↥ᬺ㕟๮ߪ㧘࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ␠ળ߇㧘ㆊ෰ᢙᰴߩ↥ᬺ㕟๮ߦᲧ⢋ߔࠆ␠ળ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߣ޿߁ᣂߚߥ᭎ᔨࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒ㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢߩ␠ળᄌ㕟ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ㧘ࠊࠇࠊࠇߩ↢ᵴߩᘒ᭽ࠍᄢ߈ߊᄌ߃ߡ᭴ㅧࠍ৻ᄌߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬޿ࠆߎߣߛߌߪ㑆㆑޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ  ਎♿߆ࠄ  ਎♿ߦ߆ߌߡߩ↥ᬺ㕟๮ࠍ╙৻ 㓸࿅↢ᵴࠍ༡߻␠ળߦߪ㧘ߘߩ㓸࿅ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߩᰴ㧘㔚᳇࡮⍹ᴤߦࠃࠆ㊀ൻቇᎿᬺൻࠍ╙ੑᰴߣߒ㧘ේ࡞࡯࡞߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬㓸࿅ࠍ࿖ኅߣ޿߁න૏ߢ⠨߃㧘ሶജࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩㅴዷࠍ╙ਃᰴ↥ᬺ㕟๮ߣ⒓ߔࠆߎߣᒝ೙ജࠍ઻߁ⷙ▸ߣߒߡੱὑ⊛ߦ૞ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ߇ᴺ઎ߢ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬޽ࠆ‫ࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ᴺ઎ߪ㧘ੱὑ⊛ߦߩߺሽ࿷ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪ ޿߹㧘ࠊࠇࠊࠇ߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ㕟๮ߣ߽⸒߁ߴ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㓸࿅ࠍ⛽ᜬߒᓞߔࠆߚ߼ߩ࡞࡯࡞ߪ㧘ߘߩ㓸࿅߇________________________________________________ᜬߟ࿃⠌߿વ⛔㧘౒᦭ߔࠆᱧผⷰ㧘ߎࠇࠄࠍ฽߼ߚᢥൻ

: ᖱႎ⑼ቇ⑼ᢎ᝼(hi-murakami@st.seikei.ac.jp)*2: ࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠪ࡯⎇ⓥᚲ
*3: ᖱႎ⑼ቇ⑼࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬ⎇ⓥቶቴຬ⎇ⓥຬ
*1ߦᩮߑߔ␠ળ⊛ㅢᔨ㧘Ᏹ⼂ߦଐߞߡᒻ૞ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦ⃻ޕ‬ሽ࿷ߔࠆᄙߊߩᴺ઎ߪߘࠇࠄߩ⥄ὼᴺ⊛ⷙ▸ࠍᢛℂߒ㧘ᢛ㧙㧙ࠅ໧㗴ߣ߽ߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ㉼ 1)วᕈࠍൊ᩺ߒߡᚑᢥൻߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭ࡮⃻ઍߩ࿖ኅߢߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᓥ᧪߆ࠄߩⷙ▸ߩౕ ᧄⓂߢߪ㧵C㨀ᛛⴚߩᕆㅦߥㅴዷߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠄߐࠇ⃻ൻߣߒߡ↢߹ࠇߚᴺߦട߃㧘␠ળߩ⊒ዷߩਛߢ↢߹ࠇߚࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ␠ળ߇㧘ᣂߚߦᵷ↢ߐߖߚ໧㗴ࠍ଀␜⊛ߚ೑ኂࠍ⺞ᢛߔࠆߚ߼㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪ⊒ዷࠍડ࿑ߒ⋡ᜰߔߴߦ␜ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᴺ೙ᐲ㧘ߘߒߡ㧘߈ᣇะ߳ߩ⺃ዉ⊛ߥᚻᲑߣߒߡ㧘ߐࠄߦߪᗐቯߐࠇࠆ▸ߘߎߢ⿠߈ߡ޿ࠆࡈ࡝࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍᬌ⸽ߒߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬࿐ߢߩ⊒ዷ㒖ኂⷐ࿃㧘෻␠ળ⊛ⴕὑࠍᔊㆱߔࠆߥߤ㧘ฦ⒳ߩ᡽╷⋡⊛㧘೙ᐲ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦᴺᓞ߇૞ࠄࠇࠆ੐߽߹

㧞㧚⸃᳿ࠍߖ߹ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆฦ⒳ߩ໧㗴㧔᡼ㅍ࡮ᖱႎߚᄙ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ㅢାᴺ೙ߩᛮᧄᡷ㕟㧕 ታᘒ␠ળߣᴺᓞߩਵ㔌ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ࠃߊ⸒ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᙗᴺߩᜰߒ␜ߔ࿖ኅ௝ߣ࿖㓙᡽ᴦߩታᘒߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥᄢ ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ␠ળߩㅴዷ߇᜗᧪ߐߖ㧘ᧂᢛℂ㧘ᧂ⸃᳿߈ߥ໧㗴߆ࠄ㧘ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߩਛߢᒰὼߣᕁࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆⴕὑ

ߥ߹߹ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ໧㗴ߪᭂ߼ߡᄙጘߦࠊߚߞߡ޿ࠆ

߇㆑ᴺⴕὑߣ޿߁りㄭߥ໧㗴߹ߢ㧘ᴺߣታᘒߩਵ㔌ߦߪ߇㧘⸃᳿ࠍߖ߹ࠄࠇࠆ໧㗴ߩ߁ߜߩ৻ߟߪ㧘᡼ㅍ࡮ᖱႎ࡮ᢙᄙߊߩ଀߇޽ࠆ㧔ඬㄭߥ଀ࠍ␜ߖ߫㧘㜞ㅦ㆏〝ߥߤߢㅢାࠍᎼࠆᴺ೙ᐲ߇㧘ᤨઍߩⷐ⺧ߦᔕ߃ࠄࠇߥߊߥࠅ㧘Ᏹᘒߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆㅦᐲ㆑෻㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪ⿅╵ຠ߿┹㚍ߢߩᛮᧄ⊛ᡷ㕟࡮ౣ✬ᚑࠍᔅⷐߣߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬₪ᓧ⾨㊄߇ᚲᓧߣߒߡ↳๔ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⒢ᴺߩ㑐ଥߥߤ߇⃻࿷ߩㅢା࡮᡼ㅍߦ㑐ߔࠆਥߥᴺᓞߪ㧥ᧄ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ㧕‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߦ㑐ࠊࠆᄙߊߩ੐଀ߦ߅

ౝኈ߆ࠄ㧟ߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޕ‬೎ߦᴺ

޿ߡߪ㧘ᣢߦㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ᭴ᚑຬߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ⥄ὼᴺ⊛ߥᓞฬ㧔޿ߕࠇ߽⇛⒓㧕ࠍ೉⸥ߔࠇ߫㧘ㅢାࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ㑐౒ㅢ⹺⼂߇ఝవ᭎ᔨߣߒߡሽ࿷ߒ㧘ᴺᓞߣ↢ᵴ਄ߩታᘒ

ߒߡߩ㧘㔚᳇ㅢା੐ᬺᴺ㧘᦭✢᡼ㅍ㔚⹤ᴺ㧘㧺㨀㨀ᴺߩ⹺⼂ߣ߇ਵ㔌ߒߡ޿ߡ߽㧘Ᏹ⼂ߩ▸࿐ߣ޿߁␠ળ⊛ߥᥧ

㧟ᴺ㧘᡼ㅍࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ㑐ଥߪ㧘᡼ㅍᴺ㧘᦭✢࠹࡟ࡆ᡼ㅍ㤩ߩၮḰ߽޽ߞߡ㧘ߘࠇ⥄૕ᄢ߈ߥ໧㗴ߣߪߥࠅᓧߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᴺ㧘᦭✢࡜ࠫࠝ᡼ㅍᬺോㆇ↪ⷙ೙ᴺ㧘㔚᳇ㅢାᓎോ೑↪

 ߣߎࠈ߇㧘᡽╷⊛ߦ૞ࠄࠇߚᴺᓞߦࠃߞߡ␠ળ⊛ߥ೙

᡼ㅍᴺߩ㧠ᴺ㧘ߎࠇߦ㧘ㅢା࡮᡼ㅍߩਔࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ߹ߚᐲ࡮ᨒ⚵ߺ߇ቯ߼ࠄࠇ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩᴺ೙ᐲߣታᘒ␠ળߣߩ

߇ࠆવㅍ〝ߩⷙ೙ࠍⴕ߁㧘᦭✢㔚᳇ㅢାᴺߣ㔚ᵄᴺ߇ട㑆ߦਵ㔌޽ࠆ޿ߪ㥿㦉߇⿠߈ࠆ႐วߦߪ໧㗴ߪ◲නߢߪࠊࠆ㧥ᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᴺᓞߦട߃㧘ߥߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᴺᓞߩⷙቯߩ઀ᣇᅤ૗ߦࠃߞߡߪ㧘␠ળ᭴ㅧ㧘ਇᱜࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㒐ᱛᴺ㧘㔚ሶࡔ࡯࡞ߩㅍାߩㆡᱜൻᴺߥߤ

߹ߚ㧘↥ᬺ᭴ㅧߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ߹ߢᴺ઎߇ᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔ‫ޕ‬ᴺߩ೑↪ታᘒࠍ⌮ࠎߛ⵬㑆⊛ߥᴺᓞ߇࿷ࠆ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᴺᓞߩ

ߪᧄ᧪㧘ታᘒ⚻ᷣ࡮␠ળߩേ߈ߦኻߒ㧘ߘߩਛ┙ᕈࠍࠕ࡮቞஻▸࿐㧘⵬㑆㑐ଥߪ㍲⛱ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ኾ㐷ኅࠍ߽ᷙੂߐ

ࡊ࡝ࠝ࡝ߦ⛽ᜬߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߖࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਥߥේ࿃ߪ㧘ฦᴺ߇ᛛⴚߩㅴᱠࠍᓟㅊ޿ߒߥ

ߣߊߦᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߪ㧘ߣ߈ߦᴺߩᗐቯߔࠆߣߎࠈࠍᄢ

߇ࠄ㧘୘‫ߩޘ‬ᛛⴚߦኻᔕߐߖ਌ߟߘߩᤨὐߢߩ⃻ⴕᴺߣ߈ߊ⿥߃ࠆ␠ળ੐⽎ࠍ↢߻‫ޕ‬ᛛⴚㅴᱠ߇␠ળ⊛ߥ೑⋉ࠍߩߟߓߟ߹วࠊߖࠍⴕߞߡ૞ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚߎߣߦࠃࠆ߽ߩ

↢߻႐วߢ޽ߞߡ߽ᴺߩኻᔕ߇ㆃࠇࠆ㧔ᗧ࿑ߩᅤ૗ߦ㑐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ࠊࠄߕ㧕ߎߣߦࠃࠅߘߩታ⃻߇㒖߹ࠇࠆ‫ࠆ޽ߚ߹ޕ‬႐ว

ߎࠇࠄᴺᓞ⟲ࠍᄢ೎ߐߖߡ߈ߚ‫ޟ‬᡼ㅍ‫ޟߣޠ‬ㅢା‫ߣޠ‬ߪ㧘ᛛⴚߩᖡ↪ߦᴺ߇ኻᔕߢ߈ߕ㧘ᴺⷙ೙ߩᄖߢ‽⟋࡮޿߁ੑᧄߩᩇ߇㧘ICT ᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߦࠃߞߡ㧘ߘߩࠨ࡯ࡆ

␠ળ⊛ߦᔊㆱߔߴ߈ታᘒ߇⁛ⴕߒ㧘ᄢ߈ߥ␠ળ⊛ᷙੂࠍࠬ࡮೙ᐲߩ㑆ߩ၂ᩮࠍ੐ታ਄ήߊߒߡ᧪ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬᡼ㅍߣ⊒↢ߐߖࠆߎߣߦ߽ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅢାߩౕ૕⊛ߥⲢว㑐ଥࠍ⠨߃ࠇ߫㧘ᛛⴚ⊛ߦߪ㧘ᄙ࠴ ᛛⴚㅴᱠߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠄߐࠇߚ㧘ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ␠ળߩࡖࡦࡀ࡞࠺ࠫ࠲࡞᡼ㅍߣࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߢઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆࡉ഍⊛ߣ߽⸒߁ߴ߈ᕆㅦߥㅴዷߪ㧘ᴺᓞ࡮೙ᐲߩᗐቯࠍ㆔ࡠ࡯࠼ࡃࡦ࠼ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣߩ‫ޟ‬વㅍ〝ߩⲢ߆ߦ⿥߃ߚࠬࡇ࡯࠼ߢផ⒖ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬หᤨߦ㧘↢ᵴߩ㧘ว‫ޠ‬㧘ࡢࡦ࠮ࠣ៤Ꮺߥߤߦߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ᧃ┵ޟ‬ᯏེߩⲢว‫ޠ‬␠ળߩ޽ࠄࠁࠆಽ㊁ߢ᛼ߒነߖࠆᣂߚߥ઀⚵ߺߪ㧘ߎࠇ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߦട߃ߡࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩឭଏ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬᡼ㅍળ߹ߢߩ␠ળ⊛ߥᏱ⼂߿ㅢᔨߢߪផߒ㊂ࠅኻಣ಴᧪ߥ޿࡟␠‫ޟߣޠ‬ㅢାળ␠‫⛔ߩޠ‬วߣ޿߁‫Ⲣߩᧄ⾗ޟ‬ว‫߈⿠߇ޠ‬ࡌ࡞ߦ߹ߢ㆐ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘໧㗴ߩಣᣇ▐߇ߥ޿߹߹㧘ฦ⒳ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ߩߎޕ‬ታ߇㧘ᖱႎ㑐ଥߩᴺᓞߩዪ㕙ߢᄢ߈ߥ␠ળ⊛ᷙੂࠍ↢ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ⷐߩߘޕ‬࿃ߩ㧝ߩᛮᧄ⊛ߥᢛℂ࡮⛔วࠍᔅὼߩ߽ߩߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߟ߇̈ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻̈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩ࠻࠶ࡀ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬᥉෸᡼ㅍߣㅢାߩⲢวߣ޿߁ታᘒߦኻߔࠆᴺᓞ໧㗴ߢߩኻᦼߦ㧘⃻࿷ߢߪᒰߚࠅ೨ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᣣ☨㑆ߩኾ↪✢ࠍਇಣߪ㧘ล✕ߩ⷗⋥ߒ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ✚ോ⋭߇ਛᔃߣߥࠅ㧘᡽․ቯᄙᢙߩ࡙࡯ࠩ߇ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߒ૶↪ߔࠆᴺ⊛ᩮ᜚߇ߥ޿

ቭ⽷ቇߩోߡࠍᏎ߈ㄟࠎߛ⼏⺰߇⋓ࠎߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘߹߹ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇㐿ᆎߐࠇߚߣ޿߁ኾ↪✢⚂᱅໧㗴߇⿠ߎ

2011 ᐕ߹ߢߦ㧘⃻࿷ߩ㧥ߟߩ㑐ଥᴺᓞߩᢛℂ࡮⛔ว߇੍㧙㧙ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ␠ળߩ޽ࠅࠃ߁ߩၮߔࠇ߫㧘એਅߩ㧡ߟߩ⸃᳿ࠍⷐߔࠆ⺖㗴ߣ㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄᔅᧄᣇะߣ߽ኒធߦ⛊߻ᄢᡷ㕟ߢ޽ࠅ㧘੹ᓟߩ⺰⼏߆ࠄߪⷐߣߥࠆ੐߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ໧㗴⟲ߦᢛℂߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⋡߇㔌ߖߥ޿‫ޕ‬Ԙ ࡊ࡜ࠗࡃࠪ࡯ߩ଻⼔ߩ໧㗴.

⸵ߐࠇߚ⚕ᢙߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄ㧘ߎߩ⺰⼏߳ߩ⸒෸ߪ೎ߩᯏ ౏⊛ᯏ㑐߿ડᬺ߇଻ᜬߔࠆ୘ੱᖱႎ㧘࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗળߦᡷ߼ࠆ੐ߣߔࠆ߇㧘ᡷ㕟ߩᣇะ㧘ᴺ೙ᐲߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ࠻ߩ೑↪ᖱႎ㧘㧳㧼㧿ᖱႎ㧘㔚ሶࠞ࡞࠹╬ߦࠃࠆකᨒ⚵ߺߦ㑐ߒ㧘㊀ⷐߥឭ⸒߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ㧘ߎߩὐ≮ᖱႎ㧘↢૕⹺⸽ᖱႎ㧘⡿௝ᮭߩᛒ޿㧘etc

ߩߺࠍ⾥ᗧࠍ฽߼ᜰ៰ߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ԙ ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭ╬߳ߩኻᔕߩ໧㗴.
 ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ⅣႺߢߩ⪺૞ᮭ㧘ࠦࡦ࠹ࡦ࠷ߩੑᰴ೑↪㧘✚ോ⋭߇┙ߜ਄ߍߚ‫ޟ‬ㅢା࡮᡼ㅍߩ✚ว⊛ߥᴺ૕♽ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥળ‫ޠ‬㧔㧝㧕߇㧘2007 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦ߹ߣ߼㧘౏⴫ኈᤃߦߥࠆᶏᄖߢߩ⍮⽷ଚኂ㧘etcߐࠇߚႎ๔(㧝㧙a)ߢߪ㧘ᡷ㕟ߩၮᧄℂᔨߣߒߡ㧘‫ޟ‬ᖱႎԚ 㔚ሶ໡ขᒁ࡞࡯࡞ߩ⏕┙㧘㔚ሶࡑࡀ࡯ߩ໧㗴.

ߩ⥄↱ߥᵹㅢ‫଻ߩࠬࡆ࡯ࠨ࡞ࠨ࡯ࡃ࠾࡙ޟޠ‬㓚‫ޟޠ‬ᖱႎ ขᒁⷙᩰߩᢛ஻㧘ᶖ⾌⠪ߩ଻⼔㧘㆑ᴺ໡ขᒁߩⷙ

ㅢାࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩ቟ోᕈ࡮ା㗬ᕈߩ⏕଻‫ࠍޠ‬᜼ߍߡ޿೙㧘᳿ᷣߩ቟ోᕈߩ⏕଻㧘ࡀ࠶࠻ߢߩᐢ๔ߩ޽ࠅᣇ㧘ࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ᴺᓞߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺߣߒߡ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ

etcԛ ㆑ᴺ࡮᦭ኂᖱႎ㧘ㅅᖺࡔ࡯࡞ߥߤߩ໧㗴.

❑ഀࠅⴕ᡽ࠍ෻ᤋߒߚᄖᒻ⊛ߥࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߏߣߩⷙ೙ߦ឵
߃ߡ㧘᡼ㅍ࡮ㅢାߩਛりߦ⌕⋡ߒߚⷙ೙ࠍⴕ߅߁ߣ޿߁㧘 ᦭ኂࠨࠗ࠻㧘㕍ዋᐕ଻⼔㧘‽⟋ⴕὑߣߩㅪ㑐㧘ඞᭂ߼ߡ↹ᦼ⊛ߥ⠨߃ᣇ߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ฬࠨࠗ࠻㧘ࡊࡠࡃࠗ࠳࡯ߩ⽿છ㧘etc ౕ૕⊛ߦߪ㧘᡼ㅍ⇟⚵߿േ↹௝ߥߤߩ‫ޠ࠷ࡦ࠹ࡦࠦޟ‬㧘Ԝ ᖱႎ࠮ࠠࡘ࡝࠹ࠖ࡯ߩ⏕଻ߣࠨࠗࡃ࡯࠹ࡠߩ໧

ㅢା࡮᡼ㅍ⸳஻ߥߤߩ‫ޟ‬વㅍࠗࡦࡈ࡜‫ޠ‬㧘㘈ቴߩ▤ℂ࡮㗴.
   ࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬኻ╷㧘ਇᱜࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㧘⋑⡬㧘࠻࡜ࡅ࠶ࠢ

ᢱ㊄ߥߤߩ‫߁޿ߣޠࡓ࡯ࡎ࠻࠶࡜ࡊޟ‬㧘ᖱႎㅢାࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢᯏ⢻ߩ਄ߢߩ㧟ߟߩ࡟ࠗࡗ࡯㧔㓏ጀ㧕ߦಽߌߡᴺߩᕆჇ㧘ࠨࠗࡃ࡯࠹ࡠ߳ߩኻᔕ㧘etcⷙ೙ߩ૕ဳࠍ૞ߞߡ޿ߎ߁ߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧔ਅ࿑㧝ࠍ ߎࠇࠄߩ⃻ߦ⊒↢ߒߡ޿ࠆ໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦട߃㧘ICT ᛛෳᾖ㧕‫ߪ⺰⼏ߩߎޕ‬㧘੹ᓟߥ߅ᬌ⸛ࠍⷐߔࠆὐ߽ᄙ޿߇㧘ⴚߩㅴዷߦߣ߽ߥߞߡ੹ᓟᗐ⿠ߐࠇࠆ⺖㗴ߣߒߡߪ㧘㔚ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᴺ૕♽ߩ૞ࠅᣇߣᲧߒᭂ߼ߡᢾᣂ߆ߟታᘒߦሶ᡽ᐭ㧔⥄ᴦ૕ࠍ฽߻㧕㧘มᴺ࡮ᴦ቟㧘⒢೙ߥߤߩ౏౒ᴪߞߚ⠨߃ᣇߣߒߡ㧘⹏ଔ࡮ᵈ⋡ࠍߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬࠮ࠢ࠲࡯㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪㄘ᳓㧘ක≮㧘ᢎ⢒ߥߤ㧘ฦಽ㊁ߢߩ㧵㧯㨀ᵴ↪ߩߚ߼ߩၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߣ࡞࡯࡞૞ࠅ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਄⸥㧘⸃᳿⺖㗴ߣߒߡ೉⸥ߒߚฦ໧㗴ߪ㧘޿ߕࠇ߽߇ᴺ⊛ߥⷙ೙࡮ⅣႺᢛ஻ߣᛛⴚ⊛ߥ஥㕙ߩਔ㕙߆ࠄߩ⸃᳿߇᳞߼ࠄࠇ㧘ട߃ߡ␠ળ⊛ߥⅣႺᢛ஻ࠍ߽᳞߼㧘⸃᳿ߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ਄⸥ߦឝߍߚ໧㗴ߩ߁ߜ߆ࠄ㧘࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ⅣႺߢߩ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭ㧘ߣࠅࠊߌ⪺૞ᮭߩ໧㗴ߦ⛉ࠅ㧘⺰ㅀߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ⪺૞ᮭߦଥࠆ໧㗴ࠍᧄⓂߢណࠅ਄ߍࠆ⿰ᣦߪ㧘⪺૞ᮭ໧㗴߇ᛛⴚㅴᱠߣኒធߦ⛊߻໧㗴ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᛛⴚㅴᱠ߇↢ߺ಴ߔᣂߚߥ੐ᘒߩਛߢ㧘⪺૞ᮭࠍⷙቯߔࠆᴺ૕♽߇හᔕ಴᧪ߕ㧘߹ߚ໧㗴⸃᳿ߩၮḰ࡮ᣇะᕈ߇ቯ߹ࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߩᷙੂ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ એਅ㧘ᴺᓞߩ໧㗴ߦ߽⧯ᐓߩ⸒෸ࠍߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥ࿑㧝 ㅢା࡮᡼ㅍᴺ೙ߩ઀⚵ߺߣౣ✬ߩ⠨߃ᣇࠆ߇㧘ᧄⓂߪ㧘ᴺᓞ⸃⺑ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ㧘߹ႎ๔ᦠߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧟㗁㧩✚ോ⋭࡮ 㧝㧙D 㧟㧚ᛛⴚ㕟ᣂ߇↢ࠎߛᴺ⊛࡮␠ળ⊛⺖㗴ߚ╩⠪ߩᵻቇ߽޽ࠅ㧘ᴺᓞ↪⺆㧘ᴺ⸃㉼ߥߤߦᱜ⏕ᕈࠍᰳߊㇱಽ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ੍߼⻢ߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 㧠㧚ᛛⴚㅴᱠߣ⪺૞ᮭ⸃᳿߇ߖ߹ࠄࠇࠆઁߩ৻ߟߪ㧘ਥߦᖱႎㅢାᛛⴚߩ⊒㆐߇߽ߚࠄߒߚᣂߚߥ␠ળ⊛ߥ໧㗴߳ߩኻಣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬໧ ⪺૞ᮭߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺ೙ᐲߩᱧผߪฎߊ㧘ᣣᧄߢߪ᣿ᴦ 㗴߇ᭂ߼ߡᄙጘߦࠊߚߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇࠄࠍᄢ⢙ߦಽ㘃ᐕ㧘޿ࠊࠁࠆࡌ࡞࠿᧦⚂㧔ᢥቇ⊛෸߮⟤ⴚ⊛⪺૞‛ߩ଻㧙㧙⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡌ࡞࠿᧦⚂㧕߳ߩട⋖ߦ޽ࠊߖߡ‫⪺ޟ‬૞ᮭᴺ‫ޠ‬ࠗࠕߣߒߡታ⃻ߐࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ᤋ௝ࠦࡦ࠹ࡦ࠷㐿⊒߇೙ቯߐࠇߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᴺᓞߪᤘ๺  ᐕߦో㕙ᡷᱜ߇ߥߐ⠪ߩᗧะߣᔅߕߒ߽ᢛวߒߥ޿↹㕙ࠨࠗ࠭ߩᄌ឵ߣ޿߁ࠇ㧘Ꮏᬺᚲ᦭ᮭฦᴺⷙߣ৻૕ߣߥࠅ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩᴺ૕♽໧㗴ࠍ↢ߓߚ‫ ޕ‬ᵈ㉼  ࠍ᭴ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⪺૞ᮭߣ৻ญߦ⸒ߞߡ߽㧘ߘߩਛߦߪ⪺૞⠪ߩੱᩰ⊛㧢㧚࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ⅣႺ߳ߩኻᔕ೑⋉ࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆ⪺૞ੱᩰᮭߣ㧘⪺૞‛ߩ೑↪ࠍ⸵⻌ߒߚ ࠅ⑌ᱛߒߚࠅߔࠆ⪺૞⽷↥ᮭ㧘ߐࠄߦߪ⪺૞‛ߩ౏ⴐ߳ ⪺૞ᮭߩ଻⼔ߪ㧘ⶄ⵾ᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߦࠃߞߡ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩવ㆐ߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆ⠪㧔ታṶ⠪㧘㧯㧰࡮↪޿ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚᴺ⺰ℂߩᚻᴺߛߌߢߪ⸃᳿಴᧪ήߊߥߞ

㧰㨂㧰╬ߩᇦ૕⵾૞⠪㧘᡼ㅍ੐ᬺ⠪෸߮᦭✢᡼ㅍ੐ᬺ⠪ߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ⶄ⵾ߘߩ߽ߩߦᱤᱛ߼ࠍ߆ߌࠆߚ߼ߩᣂߚ╬㧕ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ㓞ធ⪺૞ᮭ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥᛛⴚᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߢ⸃᳿ࠍ࿑ࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⪺ޕ‬ ૞ᮭ଻⼔ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⠨߃ࠇ߫߿߻ࠍᓧߥ޿ߎߣߣ߽޿߃㧡㧚⪺૞ᮭߣᛛⴚㅴᱠߪㅪⅣߔࠆ໧㗴ࠃ߁߇㧘ߘߩ৻ᣇߢߪ㨮ᛛⴚߩะ਄ߦࠃࠅน⢻ߣߥߞߚ೑ଢᕈࠍ೎ߩᛛⴚߢኽߕࠆߣ޿߁ᄸᅱߥ⃻⽎㧔ࡄ࡜࠼࠶ࠢࠬ㧕ࠍ߅ߎߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⪺૞ᮭߩ໧㗴ߪⶄ⵾ᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߣኒធߥ⋧㑐㑐ଥ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㖸ᭉߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⪺૞ᮭࠍ଀ߦߣߞߡߺࠃ߁‫ޕ‬㍳㖸ߣ޿ ᡽ᐭߪ㧘ߎߩ㧠᦬߆ࠄ⪺૞ᮭᴺߩ᡽઎ߩ৻ㇱࠍᡷᱜߒ㧘߁ᛛⴚ߇ߥ߆ߞߚᤨઍ㧘㖸ᭉߪታṶߢ⡬ߊ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᰴ਎ઍ㧰㨂㧰㧔એਅ㧘ࡉ࡞࡯࡟ࠗ㧕ߣߘߩ㍳↹ⵝ⟎߳ߩ⪺૞ᮭࠍ⠨߃ࠇ߫㧘૞ᦛ㧘૞⹖ߣ޿߁㖸ᭉߩഃ૞⠪㧘ߘ⑳⊛㍳↹⵬ఘ㊄ߩ೙ᐲࠍታᣉߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘ߒߡ㖸ᭉࠍᄼߔࠆታṶ⠪߇ᮭ೑⠪ߩోߡߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ࡉ࡞࡯࡟ࠗߦࠃࠅഠൻߩߥ޿߶߷ቢోߥᤋ௝଻ሽ㧔㍳↹࡮ᤨઍ㧘⪺૞ੱᩰᮭߩ໧㗴ߪᗧ⼂ߐࠇࠆߣߒߡ߽㧘⪺૞⽷ౣ↢㧕߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ੐ߦࠃࠆ㧘࠹࡟ࡆዪߥߤߩ⪺૞ᮭ࿅↥ᮭߩ໧㗴ߪഃ૞⠪ߣᄼ⠪ߣߩ㑆ߦߪሽߔࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ਔ૕ߩ⪺૞⽷↥ᮭ㧔㓞ធ⪺૞ᮭࠍ฽߻㧕ࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⠪ߢ⸃᳿ߢ߈ࠆන⚐ߥᮭ೑㑐ଥߢ޽ߞߚ‫߇ࠇߎޕ‬㧘㍳㖸ភ⟎ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘หᤨߦᤓᐕ㧘ᯏེ⵾ㅧળ␠ߣ⪺૞ᮭ࿅૕ᛛⴚ㧘࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣ޿߁ᇦ૕߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᄢߣߩ㑆ߢวᗧ߇ߥߐࠇ㧔᡽ᐭ߽ㅊ⹺㧕ߚ‫ޠ ࠣࡦࡆ࠳ޟ‬߈ߊᄌ⾰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ታṶએᄖߩᣇᴺߢ㖸ᭉࠍ⡬ߌࠆ㧘⡬߆ߖ࡞࡯࡞ߣߩᛴ߈วࠊߖߢၫࠄࠇࠆភ⟎ߢ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ⽷↥ᮭߩ⸃᳿߇ታ⾰⊛ߥ໧㗴ߣߒߡᶋ਄ ࠳ࡆࡦࠣ  ࡞࡯࡞ߣ޿߁ߩߪ㧘࠺ࠫ࠲࡞࠹࡟ࡆ᡼ㅍࠍߒ㧘ߐࠄߦ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ೙૞⠪ߦ߽㓞ធ⪺૞ᮭߣ޿߁ᣂߚ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ᣇᑼߢ㍳↹ߒࠦࡇ࡯ߒߚ႐ว㧘↹⾰ߩഠൻήߒߥᮭ೑߇⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߢࠦࡇ࡯ࠍ㓙㒢ߥߊ➅ࠅ㄰ߔ੐߇น⢻ߦߥࠆߚ߼㧘ߘߩ ߘߒߡ㧘࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ᛛⴚߩ⊓႐ߦࠃߞߡ㧘⪺૞ᮭ໧㗴߇࿁ᢙࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆߚ߼ߩភ⟎ⷙቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ⷙߩߎޕ‬ቯߪ㧘ᓥㅅ⿛ࠍᆎ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨߆ࠄߩ㧘࠺ࠫ࠲࡞᡼ㅍ߆ࠄ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞㍳↹ߒߚ߽ߩࠍࠦ ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ᛛⴚߩ⊓႐એ೨㧘޿ࠊࠁࠆࠕ࠽ࡠࠣߩᤨઍߢࡇ࡯ߔࠆ႐วߦߪ⒖േࠍ㧝࿁ߒ߆ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ࠦࡇ࡯࡮߽࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߆ࠄ㍳㖸࠹࡯ࡊ߳㧘߹ߚ㧘࠹࡟ࡆ߆ࠄࡆ࠺ࠝࡢࡦࠬ࡞࡯࡞ࠍ㧘⒖േߦᄬᢌߒߚ႐วߦ㍳↹ౝኈ߇ᄬࠊ࠹࡯ࡊࠍ૶ߞߡߩ㍳↹߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ਇ․⊛ᄙᢙߩ⠪ߦࠃࠇߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߇޽ࠆߚ߼૞ࠄࠇߚ㧘ࠦࡇ࡯࡮ࡢࡦࠬ࡞ࠆ⪺૞ᮭଚኂߩᆎ߹ࠅߢ޽ߞߚ‫ࠣࡠ࠽ࠕ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ᛛⴚ࡯࡞ࠍ✭๺ߒߚᥳቯ⊛ភ⟎ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߢߪ㧘➅ࠅ㄰ߒߩ㍳㖸࡮㍳↹㧘޿ࠊࠁࠆ࠳ࡆࡦࠣߪᢙ࿁ ߎߩ࡞࡯࡞ߩౝኈ߆ࠄ್߽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ߎࠇߪഠൻߒߥⴕࠊࠇࠆߣ㖸⾰߿↹⾰߇ᭂᐲߦഠൻߔࠆ‫⪺߼ߚߩߎޕ‬૞޿㍳↹ⵝ⟎ࠍ૞ࠅ⽼ᄁߔࠆᯏེࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯ߣ㧘⪺૞ᮭߩ଻ᮭߩଚኂߪኈᤃߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߥ੐ታߣߥࠅ㧘߹ߚߎࠇࠄⶄ⵾⼔ࠍਥᒛߔࠆ⪺૞ᮭ࿅૕ߩ೑ኂߩᅷදࠍ࿑ߞߚភ⟎ߦߔ‛߇໡ຠߣߒߡߪ૶޿‛ߦߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫߼ߚߩߎޕ‬㧘⪺߉ߕ㧘వߦㅀߴߚ଻⸽㊄೙ᐲߪ㧘⪺૞ᮭ࿅૕߇࠳ࡆࡦࠣ૞⽷↥ᮭߩଚኂߪ৻ቯߩ▸࿐ߢߒ߆⿠ߎࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡞࡯࡞ߢߪ⚊ᓧߢ߈ߕߦㅊടភ⟎ߣߒߡ᳞߼ߚ߽ߩ‫⵾ⶄߪߩ߽ߚߒ⵾ⶄޟ‬⠪ߩ୘ੱ૶↪ߦ㒢ቯߒߡኈ⹺‫ߔޠ‬ߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ߩߎޕ‬ㅪߩភ⟎ߪ㧘ฦ࿅૕㑆ߩ೑ኂ⺞ᢛએᄖߩࠆߣ޿߁㧘⪺૞ᮭߩ⠨߃ᣇ߆ࠄߪᄸᅱߣ߽޿߃ࠆ⺰ᴺߢ㧘૗⠪ߢ߽ߥߊ㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡᮭ೑ଚኂߩ᦭ήࠍⶄ⵾ߩ࿁ᢙ⪺૞ᮭଚኂߩታ⾰⊛ߥᔊㆱ߇น⢻ߢ߽޽ߞߚ‫߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ߢ᳿߼ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦ⥋ߞߡߪ㧘⪺૞ᮭࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆߣ޿࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ᛛⴚߪ㧘ᢙᰴߦ➅ࠅ㄰ߐࠇࠆⶄ⵾ߢߩຠ⾰ഠൻ߁␠ળ⊛㧘ᢥൻ⊛ߥᗧ⟵߿ߘߩᕁᗐߪోߊ⷗߃ߡߎߥ޿໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߒ㧘ⶄ⵾‛ߢߩ㖸⾰㨮↹⾰ࠍࠝ࡝ࠫ࠽࡞ߩ㖸ᭉߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬߿ᤋ௝ߣ඙೎߇㔍ߒ޿࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߹ߢะ਄ߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬ ੹ᓟߩᛛⴚㅴᱠߢߪ㧘ㅢାߦࠃࠆᤋ௝㈩ା߇ਥᵹߣߥ ߹ߚ㧘ࡂࠗࡆ࡚ࠫࡦߣ޿߁㜞♖⚦ߢ߆ߟ㧘ᓥ᧪࠹࡟ࡆࠅ㧘޿ߟߢ߽⷗ߚ޿ᤋ↹߿⇟⚵߇↹⾰㧔㖸⾰㧕ߩ໧㗴߽ߣࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყ㧔❑ᮮᲧ㧕߇⇣ߥࠆ࠹࡟ࡆ߇ᣂߒ޿ࡔ࠺ߥߊ⡬ข಴᧪ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ߊ੐߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ㧔ᰴ▵㧙㧙ߢߘߩ┵✜ߣ߽ߥࠆ੐଀ߩ޿ߊߟ߆ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ㧕‫߁ߘޕ‬෻ኻߣߥߞߚߩߦߪ㧘޿ߊߟ߆ߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇޽ࠆ߇㧘್ߒߚᛛⴚ߇ㅢᏱߩⷞ⡬ᚻᲑߣߒߡឭଏߐࠇࠆ੐ߦߥࠇᢿࠍಽߌߚᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ㧘㆑ᴺⴕὑߣߥࠆࠨ࡯߫㧘㍳㖸߿㍳↹ߣ޿߁ߎߣ⥄૕߇޽߹ࠅᗧ๧ࠍߥߐߥߊࡆࠬ㧔㍳↹࡮ⷞ⡬ⴕὑ㧕ߩਥ૕߇㧘ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆߥࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆㧔଀߃߫㧘‫ᤨޟ‬ೞ⴫‫࠲ࡦࠗ߇ޠ‬஥ߦ޽ࠆߩ߆㧘೑↪ߔࠆ஥ߦ޽ࠆߩ߆ߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚߣ࡯ࡀ࠶࠻╬ߢߩᖱႎឭଏߦࠃࠅනߦ೉ゞᤨೞࠍ⍮ࠅߚ޿ᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㍳↹࡮ⷞ⡬ߘࠇ⥄૕㧔ⴕὑ߽ߒߊߪᗧᔒ㧕ߪ㧘႐วߦߪਇⷐߥ߽ߩߦߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧕‫ߥ⊛⥸৻ޕ‬ਔ⠪ߣ߽ⷞ⡬⠪߇ⴕ߁ߣ޿߁ὐߢᄌࠊࠅߪߥ޿߇㧘‫ޟ‬㍳ⷞ⡬߇ࡀ࠶࠻ਥ૕ߣߥߞߡ޿ߌ߫㧘㍳㖸㧘㍳↹ᯏེߦ⺖↹ࡀ࠶࠻‫ߪߢޠ‬㧘ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭଏ⠪߇ᜬߟ㧔ᡰ㈩࡮▤ℂߔ

㊄ߔࠆ੐ߢ⪺૞ᮭ໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧘੹ᤨߩᡷᱜࠆ㧕ᯏེ࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩਛߢ㍳↹߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ⷞ⡬⠪ࠍ฽߻⃻࿷ߩᚻᴺߪ㧘ㆊᷰ⊛ߥᒎ❔╷ߦㆊ߉ߥߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߪࡀ࠶࠻ߢߎࠇࠄᯏེߦࠕࠢ࠮ࠬⷞ⡬ߔࠆ㧕੐߆ࠄ㧘ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭଏ⠪ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬⴕὑࠍ⪺૞ᮭߦ㆑෻ߔࠆ߽ߩߣ㧣㧚ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߣ᡼ㅍ⇟⚵ߩ⪺૞ᮭ㧔ߘߩ㧝㧕ߒߡ㧘Ꮕߒᱛ߼ࠍ⹺߼ߚ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒ㧘‫߈ߨ߹ޟ‬㨀㨂‫ޠ‬ߢߪ㧘ߎߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩਥ૕ߣߥࠆᯏེ㧔Ꮢ⽼ຠߩࡠࠤ࡯ ᡼ㅍߩ⃻႐ߢ߽ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߣߩ㑐ଥߢߩᷙੂ߇⿠࡚ࠪࡦࡈ࡝࡯ ᵈ㉼  㧕ࠍࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭଏ⠪߇஻߃ߡ޿ࠆ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫⪺ޕ‬૞ᮭߣߩ㑐ㅪߢ㧘᡼ㅍߣࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߣ੐ߪหߓߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߘߩ૶↪ᯏེ߇᳢↪ߩᏒ⽼ຠߢ޽ߞߩ㑐ଥࠍߺߡߺࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ታ⾰⊛ߦⷞ⡬⠪஥߇ᚲ᦭ߒ㧘ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭଏᦨೋߪ㧘⃻ⴕᴺߩ੍᷹▸࿐ࠍ⿥߃ߚᛛⴚㅴᱠ߇㧘มᴺ⠪ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬⴕὑߪߘࠇࠄߩ▤ℂࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣ⠨߃㧘⚿ᨐ㧘ߩ್ᢿࠍ߽ᷙੂ㧔࿎ᖺߣ޿߁ߴ߈߆㧕ߐߖߡ޿ࠆ੐଀ߢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬⴕὑߪⷞ⡬⠪஥߇ⴕߞߡ㧔ⷞ⡬⠪߇ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ଏ⠪ߦࡀ࠶࠻߆ࠄࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߒⷞ⡬ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޟ‬㍳↹ࡀ࠶  ᐕ㧢᦬㧘ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻⚻↱ߢ࠹࡟ࡆ⇟⚵ࠍⷞ⡬࠻‫ߩޠ‬႐วߣห᭽㧕߅ࠅ㧘ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭଏ⠪ߦ⪺૞ᮭଚኂߢ߈ࠆࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍਇ․ቯᄙᢙߦឭଏߔࠆߩߪ⪺૞ᮭᴺߪή޿ߣߒߚ‫ࠍ⸃⺋ޕ‬᜗ߊߎߣࠍㆱߌࠆߚ߼੎ὐߣߥߞ㧔㓞ធ⪺૞ᮭ㧕ߦ㆑෻ߔࠆߣߒߡ㧘0*- ߣ᳃᡼  ␠߇㧘ߚᮭ೑㑐ଥࠍᱜ⏕ߦ⸥ߖ߫㧘㍳↹ࡀ࠶࠻ߪ㍳↹ߔࠆߚ߼᳃㑆ળ␠ߩㆇ༡ߔࠆࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫ ߈ߨ߹ޟ‬68‫  ޠ‬㧔ᵈ㉼㧟㧕ߦ‫⵾ⶄޟ‬ᮭଚኂ‫߇ޠ‬໧ࠊࠇ㧘߹ߨ߈ 68 ߪ‫ⴐ౏ޟ‬ㅍାᮭ‫ޠ‬ߩᜰߒᱛ߼ࠍ᧲੩࿾ᣇⵙ್ᚲߦ᳞߼ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬Ꮕᱛ⺧᳞ߪ㧘߅ࠃ߮‫ޟ‬ㅍାน⢻ൻᮭ‫ߩޠ‬ଚኂ߇໧ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߥߤ㧘ਔหᐕ㧤᦬ߩ᧲੩࿾ⵙߢߩ↳┙ළਅ㧘 ᐕ㧝᦬ߩ⍮⽷㜞ⵙ್ߩ⺰ὐߪᣢㅀߩ‫ޟ‬ਥ૕ߩ໧㗴‫ߪߢߌߛޠ‬ή޿ߎߣࠍ

ⵙߩ᛫๔᫈ළ E ߢ‫߈ߨ߹ޟ‬㨀㨂‫ޠ‬஥ߩో㕙ൎ⸷ߢ᳿⌕ᜰ៰ߒߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ࠍ⷗ߚ‫ ޕ‬0*- ߣ᳃᡼  ␠ߩਥᒛߪ㧘‫ޟ‬᡼ㅍኻ⽎࿾ၞᄖᴺᓞ⺰ߣߒߡਔⵙ್ߩ್᳿ߦ⇣⼏ࠍ↳ߒ┙ߡࠆߟ߽ࠅߦߟ޿ߡ᡼ㅍ߇ౣㅍାߐࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣߪ㧘⪺૞ߪή޿߇㧘߶߷ห᭽ߣ⸒ߞߡ߽޿޿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ㧘⢐ቯߣᮭᴺߦࠃߞߡ଻⼔ߐࠇࠆߴ߈⪺૞⠪ߩᱜᒰߥ೑⋉‫ߔߣޠ‬ุቯߩ್ᢿ߇ߥߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐߘߩ߽ߩߦߪ㧘ᱜ⋥㧘㆑๺ᗵࠆ߽ߩߢ㧘߹ߨ߈ 68 ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߪ㧘⪺૞‛ߩㅍାน⢻ൻࠍⷡ߃ߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬ਔ್᳿ߩ໧㗴ߢߪ޿߹ߢ߽⼏ᮭߩଚኂߦ޽ߚࠆߣ⸷߃ߚ߇㧘มᴺ್ᢿߪ㧘⪺૞ᮭଚኂ࡮⺰߇⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆߣ⡞ߊ߇㧘ߎߎߢᧄⓂ߇໧㗴ߣߒߥߌࠇᬺോߩᏅߒᱛ߼⺧᳞ࠍ⹺߼ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬߫ߥࠄߥ޿੐ߪ㧘ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭଏ⠪ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩឭଏᣇᴺ㧘 ৻ᣇ㧘ห᭽ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ੐଀ߢ㧘⪺૞ᮭଚኂ߇⹺߼ࠄ߹ߚࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߳ߩ㑐ਈߩ઀ᣇߢߪ㧘ࡀ࠶࠻ࠍ૶ߞߚⶄ⵾ࠇߚ੐ઙ߇޽ࠆ‫  ߪࠄߜߎޕ‬ᐕ  ᦬㧘ᣣᧄ࿖ౝߩ࠹߿㈩ାߩห⒳ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇⪺૞ᮭ਄⸵ߐࠇߥ޿ߎߣߣߥ࡟ࡆ⇟⚵ࠍ㍳↹࡮ⷞ⡬ߢ߈ࠆⅣႺࠍᶏᄖ࿷૑ߩᣣᧄੱะࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪߩ߁޿ߣޕ‬㧘੹ᓟ⠨ߌߦឭଏߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޟ‬㍳↹ࡀ࠶࠻‫ࠢ࡜ࠢࡠޟ߮ࠃ߅ޠ‬Τ‫ޠ‬߃ࠄࠇ޽ࠆ޿ߪ᥉෸ߔࠆ੐߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆห⒳ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ

ߦኻߒ㧘᧲੩࿾ⵙ߇⪺૞ᮭଚኂ㧔ⶄ⵾ᮭଚኂ㧕╬ࠍ⹺߼㧘ߪ㧘㍳↹ਥ૕ࠍ‫ޟ‬㍳↹ࡀ࠶࠻‫ߩޠ‬႐วߩࠃ߁ߦࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᏅߒᱛ߼ߩ઒ಣಽ F ࠍ⸒޿ᷰߒߚ੐ઙߢ޽஥ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇ኈᤃߦᗐ௝ߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠆ㧔੐ઙ⥄૕ߪᣢߦ๺⸃߇ᚑ┙ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ਔ੐ઙߪ㧘ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ೑↪⠪߆ࠄ⷗ࠆ㒢ࠅ㧘ห᭽ߩ⚿ᨐ㧤㧚ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߣ᡼ㅍ⇟⚵ߩ⪺૞ᮭ㧔ߘߩ㧞㧕ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᶏᄖߦ޿ࠆⷞ⡬⠪߇㧘࿖ౝߩ㨀㨂⇟⚵㧔߹ߨ߈㨀㨂ߢߪ࿖ౝߩઁߩ࿾ၞߢ᡼ᤋߐࠇ ೨㗄ߩ࠹࡟ࡆߣࡀ࠶࠻ࠍᎼࠆ໧㗴㧔੎޿㧕ߪ㧘޿ߐߐࠆ⇟⚵㧕ࠍࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻⚻↱ߢⷞ⡬ߢ߈ࠆ㧔㍳↹ߢ߈߆ᣥ⡞ߦዻߔࠆህ޿߽޽ࠆ߇㧘᡼ㅍᬺ⠪ߣㅢାᬺ⠪ߘࠇࠆ㧕ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߢ޽ࠆ㧔⃻࿷ߢߪ㧘ห᭽ߩߎߣ߇ኾ↪ߩᯏߦ⪺૞ᮭ࿅૕߽ടࠊߞߡߩ̌✁ᒁ߈̍ߪ㧘⃻࿷ߦ⥋ࠆ‫੹ޟ‬ེࠍ⾼౉ߔࠆߎߣߢน⢻ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ᣣ⊛⺖㗴‫ߩߎޕࠆ޽߽ߢޠ‬㗄ߢߪ㧘᡼ㅍߣㅢାߩ‫ޟ‬၂ᩮ‫ޠ‬ ߎߩਔ੐ઙߢߩ⪺૞ᮭଚኂߦኻߔࠆⵙ್ᚲߩ್ᢿ߇ᱜࠍ੐ታ਄ขࠅ፣ߔ⪺૞ᮭᴺᡷᱜߦࠃߞߡ↢߹ࠇߚ‫ޟ‬㧵㧼㧙㧙ౣㅍା‫ࠍޠ‬ណࠅ਄ߍߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬ࠕ࠽ࡠࠣ᡼ㅍߩᑄᱛ㧘࿾਄࠺ࠫ࠲࡞࠹࡟ࡆ߳ߩో㕙ಾࠅㅢ⒓㧘㧵㧼ౣㅍା㧘ᱜ⏕ߦߪ‫ޟ‬㧵㧼หᤨౣㅍା‫޿ߣޠ‬ᦧ߃ߩ໧㗴ߦ┵ࠍ⊒ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖╷ߣߒߡ㧔ᒝᒁߦ㧫㧕ㅴ߼߁ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇޽ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘࠹࡟ࡆ᡼ㅍߩ⇟⚵ࠄࠇࠆ࿾਄࠺ࠫ࠲࡞᡼ㅍ߳ߩో㕙⒖ⴕߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᧂ⸃᳿ߘߩ߽ߩࠍ㧘߶߷หᤨߦኾ↪ߩ‫ޟ‬㧵㧼ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ ᵈ㉼ߩ໧㗴߇ᱷߞߡ޿ߚ‫ߪࠇߘޕ‬㧘৻ㇱߩ࿾ၞߢߪ㔍ⷞ⡬߇ ‫ߢ↱⚻ޠ‬㈩ାߔࠆ઀⚵ߺߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⿠߈ࠆߎߣ߇ㆱߌࠄࠇߥ޿㧔ㆊ⇹࿾ၞ߿ㇺᏒㇱߢ߽ࡆ࡞ߎࠇ߹ߢ㧘࠹࡟ࡆ⇟⚵ߩⷞ⡬ߦߪ㧘ㅢᏱߩࠕࡦ࠹࠽ࠍߩ㒶ߥߤ㧘㔚ᵄ߇ዯ߆ߥ޿࿾ၞ߇ᱷࠆ‫ߪ⽎⃻ߩߎޕ‬ᛛⴚ੺ߔࠆ㔚ᵄ⚻↱ߩᣇᴺએᄖߦ㧘․ቯ࿾ၞߢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߐࠇ

⊛ߥ໧㗴ߣ⸒߁ࠃࠅߪࠦࠬ࠻໧㗴㧕ߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆߣߡ޿ࠆ᦭✢ߩࠤ࡯ࡉ࡞࠹࡟ࡆ㧔㧯㧭㨀㨂㧕ߢߩᣇᴺ߇޽޿߁໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚ‫⁁ߩߎޕ‬ᘒࠍ⸃ᶖߔࠆߚ߼ߩᚻᴺߣߒߞߚ‫ߪࠄࠇߎޕ‬ή✢㧘᦭✢ߣ޿߁Ꮕߪ޽ࠆ߇㧘޿ߕࠇ߽ߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚߩ߇㧵㧼᡼ㅍߩ೑↪ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᐕ  ᦬㧘㧵㧼᡼ㅍߢ࠹࡟ࡆ᡼ㅍ⇟⚵ߩหᤨౣㅍ‫ޟ‬᡼ㅍ‫ߩޠ‬ฃାߦࠃࠆⷞ⡬ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘㧵㧼ౣㅍାߢߩⷞ⡬ߪ‫ޟ‬ㅢା‫ޕࠆ޿ߡࠇࠊⴕߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ାࠍ੐ታ਄น⢻ߣߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⪺૞ᮭᴺߩᡷᱜ㧔ᐔᚑ ⷞ⡬⠪ߩ஥߆ࠄߪ㧘ห৻⇟⚵ࠍ࡝ࠕ࡞࠲ࠗࡓ㧔ᛛⴚ⊛ᐕᴺᓞ╙  ภ 㧝㧙G㧕 ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᡷᱜߢߪ㧘㧵㧼ౣߦߪᤨ㑆Ꮕ߇޽ࠆ߇ⷞ⡬⠪ߦߪήⷞߢ߈ࠆ࡟ࡌ࡞㧕ߦⷞㅍାߦ㧘᦭✢᡼ㅍߣห᭽ߩ⪺૞ᮭ਄ߩขᛒ㧔ߔߢߦ⺑᣿⡬ߢ߈ࠆห᭽ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߢ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩ㔚ᵄ㧘㧯㧭㨀㨂ߦᣂߒߚ‫ޟ‬ႎ㈽⺧᳞ᮭൻ‫ޠ‬㧕ࠍ⹺߼ࠆߎߣߣߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚߥᣇᴺ߇ടࠊߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬㧘ߎࠇ੐ታ਄ߩ̌၂ᩮߩขࠅᛄ޿̍ߢ㧘ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߢߩ࠹࡟ࠍ⪺૞ᮭߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߎࠇࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ห᭽ߩ⹤ߤߎࠈߢߪࡆ⇟⚵ߩⷞ⡬໧㗴ߪ৻ᔕߩ᳿⌕ࠍ⷗ߚߎߣߦߥࠆ㧔ᤓᐕߥ޿̌ߣࠎߢ߽ߥ޿⹤̍ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫⪺ޕ‬૞ᮭߩ଻ ᦬㧘᧲੩࿾඙ߢ㧵㧼ౣㅍାࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇㧺㨀㨀ߩ㑐ㅪળ⼔ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߪ㧘᡼ㅍߣㅢାߪోߊ೎ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߢ޽␠࡮߶߆  ␠ߦࠃࠅ㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ㧕‫ޕ‬ࠅ㧘⸵⻌ߩ▸࿐㧘ᚻ⛯߈ߦߪᄢ߈ߥᏅ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧵㧼᡼ㅍߪ㧘࠹࡟ࡆ⇟⚵ߩⷞ⡬ߩᣂߚߥᛛⴚ⊛ߥᚻᴺ㧵㧼ౣㅍାߪ㧘㧵㧼ࡑ࡞࠴ࠠࡖࠬ࠻ ᵈ㉼  ࠍࠦࠕᛛߣߒߡ㧘߹ߔ߹ߔ᜛ᄢࠍߒߡ޿ߊน⢻ᕈࠍ⒁߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ⴚߣߔࠆ‫ޟ‬㧵㧼᡼ㅍ‫৻ߩޠ‬㘃♽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧵㧼᡼ㅍߪ㧘⪺૞ᮭᴺߩ੹ᤨߩᡷᱜߢኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚߩߪ㧘‫ޟ‬㧵㧼หᤨᐕߦᣉⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬㔚᳇ㅢାᓎോ೑↪᡼ㅍᴺ‫ߡߞࠃߦޠ‬㧘ౣㅍା‫ࠅ޽ߢߌߛޠ‬㧘ᄙ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞᡼ㅍߥߤߪⓍߺᱷߐ

⊓㍳ߒߚㅢା੐ᬺ⠪ߦ⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ̌᡼ㅍ̍ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘⪺ࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘㧵㧼᡼ㅍ⥄૕㧘ߘߩౣㅍାߦߪ࠹࡟ࡆዪ㧔᡼

૞ᮭᴺ਄ߢߪ‫ޟ‬᡼ㅍ‫⥄ޟߊߥߪߢޠ‬േ౏ⴐㅍା‫ߣޠ‬૏⟎ㅍ੐ᬺ⠪㧕ߩหᗧ߇ᒰὼᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߠߌࠄࠇ㧘⪺૞ᮭ⠪ߦ⸵⻌ࠍ᳞߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿▸࿐ㅢା࡮᡼ㅍᴺ೙߇⪺૞ᮭᴺⷙߣ⋧଼ߞߡ૞ߞߡ߈ߚᖱ߇ߪࠆ߆ߦᐢߊⷙቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᛛⴚ⊛ߦߪᣢߦቢᚑߒ㧘ㅢ

ႎ␠ળߩ⒎ᐨߪ㧘ᛛⴚㅴᱠߦࠃࠆታᘒ਄ߩ೑⋉ߦࠃߞߡା੐ᬺ⠪ߣߒߡߪᭂ߼ߡ㝯ജ⊛ߥ੐ᬺߢ޽ߞߚߪߕߩ࠹ߘߩᆫࠍᄌ߃㧘੹ᓟ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ᡼ㅍᬺ⠪ߣ⾗ᧄߩⲢว߽࡟ࡆ⇟⚵ߩ㧵㧼᡼ㅍߢߩౣㅍା߇ㅴ߹ߥ߆ߞߚᦨᄢߩℂട߃㧘ቢోߦߘߩᆫࠍᄌ߃ࠆᔅⷐߦㄼࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬↱ߪ㧘ߎߩ⪺૞ᮭ਄ߩ᡼ㅍߣㅢାߩ၂ᩮࠍਸ਼ࠅ⿧߃ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߦ࿷ࠆ‫ޕ‬໧㗴ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼㧘଀␜ߢ⧯ᐓ㧥㧚࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬᤨઍߦะߌߡߩ⸃⺑ࠍߒࠃ߁‫⪺ޕ‬૞ᮭᴺߢߪ㧘‫ޟ‬᡼ㅍ‫ߩޠ‬႐ว㧘᡼ㅍࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦኻߒ㧘⪺૞⠪ߦߪ੐೨ߩᛚ⻌߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇ࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬߣ޿߁⸒⪲߇૶ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ߘߩ⇟⚵ߦ಴Ṷߔࠆ⠪ߥߤߩ㓞ធ⪺૞ᮭ⠪ߦ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆ߢ‫ޟ‬ㆉሽ㧩޽߹ߨߊሽߔࠆ‫ࠍޠ‬ᗧ๧ߔࠆ⸒⪲ߪ੐೨ᛚ⻌ࠍᔅⷐߣߒߥ޿‫ޟ‬ႎ㈽⺧᳞ᮭൻ㧔㧩⇟⚵⚳ੌߛ߇㧘‫߽ߢ⺕ޟ‬㨮૗ಣߢ߽㨮૗ᤨߢ߽‫ߪޠ‬㧘ᛛⴚㅴᱠ㧘ߣᓟߦ৻ቯߩႎ㈽ࠍᡰᛄ߁ᣇᑼ㧕‫ߎޕࠆ޿ߡࠇࠄ߼⹺߇ޠ‬ߊߦㅢା࡮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢᛛⴚߩ㕟ᣂߦࠃߞߡ㧘⸒⪲ㅢࠅࠇߦኻߒ‫ޟ‬ㅢା‫ޠ‬㧔ߎߩ႐ว㧵㧼᡼ㅍ㧕ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘⪺ߩ␠ળⅣႺ㧔㧩࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ␠ળ㧕ࠍታ⃻ߐ૞⠪ߛߌߢߥߊ㧘⇟⚵ߩ಴Ṷ⠪ߥߤ㓞ធ⪺૞ᮭ⠪ࠍ฽߻ߖࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ታ⃻ߪ㧘⚻ᷣ㕙ߪ߽ߜࠈࠎߩ੐㧘ోߡߩ⪺૞ᮭ⠪ߦ੐೨ߦ⸵⻌ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇ␠ળ࡮ᢥൻߥߤߩ޽ࠄࠁࠆ㕙ߢߩ೑ଢᕈࠍ㜞߼㧘ߘߩㅴࠆ‫ޕ‬೎ߩ⸒޿ᣇࠍߔࠇ߫㧘⇟⚵ߩౣㅍାࠍⴕ߅߁ߣߔࠆൻࠍଦㅴߒߡ޿ߊ੐ߦߥࠆ‫৻ߩߘޕ‬ᣇߢ㧘‫߽ߢ⺕ޟ‬㨮૗ಣ႐ว㧘ߘߩ⇟⚵ߩ಴Ṷ⠪ߩోߡߩ੐೨ᛚ⹺ࠍᓧࠆᔅⷐ߇ߢ߽㨮૗ᤨߢ߽‫ߪޠ‬㧘ᢥൻ⊛ߥ⾗↥ߢ߽޽ࠆ⪺૞ᮭߩ଻⼔޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ߁ߜߩ৻ੱߛߌߢ߽߇ౣㅍାߦหᗧࠍߒߥߌߣ޿߁໧㗴ࠍ㧘ᭂ߼ߡ㔍⸃ߥ⺖㗴ߣߒߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠇ߫㧘⇟⚵ߩౣㅍା㧔㧩᡼ㅍ㧕߇಴᧪ߥ޿ߣ⸒߁ߎߣߦߐࠄߦ࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬᤨઍߢߪ࿑㧞㧘㧟߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧔㧟㧕㧘ߥࠆࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧵㧼᡼ㅍ߇‫ޟ‬ㅢା‫ࠆ޽ߢޠ‬એ਄㧘࠹࡟)25 ૏⟎ᖱႎ㧘૕᷷ߥߤߩり૕ᖱႎ㧘ᱠߊ㧘⿛ࠆߥߤߩࡆ⇟⚵ߩౣㅍାߪ੐ታ਄㧘ਇน⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬േ૞ᖱႎ╬ߩ㧝ੱ㧝ੱߩ୘ੱᖱႎ߇ᄙ᭽ߥ࠮ࡦࠨࠍㅢߓ⁁ᴫ߇㧘ᕆォ࿁ࠍߒߚߩߪ㧘 ᐕߩ  ᦬ߦⴕࠊࠇࠆߡขᓧߐࠇ㧘ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦᵹㅢߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ⍮⊛ഃㅧ㧙㧙‛ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆᣂߚߥ⪺૞ᮭߩ᦭ࠅࠃ߁߇໧ࠊࠇࠆߎߣߪᅹߍ㧘ᑧ޿ߡߪ㧘ᴺ೙ᐲ߇ᛛⴚ㕟ᣂߘߩ߽ߩߦኻߔࠆ㒖ᔅὼߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ኂⷐ࿃ߦ߽❬߇ࠅ߆ߨߥ޿‫ޕ‬ડ࿑ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ᡼ㅍ࡮ㅢା࡮ᖱႎ㑐ㅪᴺⷙߩᛮᧄᡷᱜ

߇૞ࠆᣂߚߥ⒎ᐨߪ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᧂ᧪ߩᆫࠍ੍ቯߔࠆ߽ߩߦߥࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬ᖱႎ࡮ㅢାᴺ೙ߩᄢᡷᱜߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘╙৻ߦࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩะ਄ࠍⷞὐߩਛᔃߦߔ߃㧘╙ੑߦߪ㧘੹ᓟߩᛛⴚ㕟ᣂߦኻߔࠆ੍᷹น⢻ᕈࠍട๧ߒߚᡷᱜߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ࠃࠅએ਄ߦ㊀ⷐߥࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ㧘ᧄⓂߢ❞‫ޘ‬ㅀߴ㧘᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ߈ߚ㧘ᴺ࡮೙ᐲߩ‫ޟ‬ᛛⴚߦኻߔࠆਛ┙ᕈ‫ࠍޠ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߥℂᔨߣߒߡ⏕଻ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᛛⴚㅴᱠߩ᦭ᗧᕈࠍౕ⃻ൻߔࠆᴺ૕♽ߩ⏕┙ࠍ㧘ಾߦᦸ߻߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧚޽ߣ߇߈࿑㧞 )25 ૏⟎ᖱႎߣࡊ࡜ࠗࡃࠪ࡯ ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻߿࠺ࠫ࠲࡞᡼ㅍߢઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆߎߎ㧝㧜ᐕ㑆ߩᛛⴚㅴᱠߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓߚ㧘ᴺᓞ࡮೙ᐲߩࡈ࡝࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⑳⷗ࠍ฽߼ߟߟ⃻⁁ߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ࠍ⚫੺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ⃻࿷ߩߎߩࡈ࡝࡚ࠢࠪࡦߪ⪺૞ᮭࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ⍮⊛ഃㅧ‛ߦ㑐ߒߡߢ޽ߞߚ‫੹ ޕ‬ᓟߩ࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬᤨઍߢߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⍮⊛ഃㅧ‛ߦട߃୘ੱߩ૏⟎࡮႐ᚲ࡮り૕ᖱႎ࡮േ૞ᖱႎ╬߇␠ળࠗࡦࡈ࡜ߩࠦࡦ࠹ࡦ࠷ߦߥࠆߎߣߪᔅ㗇ߢ޽ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߎߩࠃ߁ߥ୘ੱᖱႎߦኻߒߘߩ᦭ല೑↪ࠍଦㅴߒߟߟ㧘ߤ߁ᴺᓞ࡮೙ᐲ߇ኻᔕߔࠆ߆߇໧ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᴺᓞ૕♽ߩᢛ஻ߦᦼᓙߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂1) ✚ോ⋭㑐ଥ⾗ᢱ㧦࿑㧟 ࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬᤨઍߩᖱႎᵹㅢ(a) ✚ോ⋭‫ޟ‬ㅢା࡮᡼ㅍߩ✚ว⊛ߥᴺ૕♽ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇

ⓥળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧦ᐔᚑ 19 ᐕ 12 ᦬㧢ᣣ㧚ᴺᡷᱜߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆᛛⴚߦኻߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ਛ┙ᕈ‫ޠ‬

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/policyreports/chousa/tsushin_houseikikaku/pdf/071206_4.

 ᧄⓂߢߪ㧘⪺૞ᮭߩ໧㗴ࠍขࠅ਄ߍ㧘ᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߣᴺpdf

ᓞ࡮೙ᐲߩ㑐ଥࠍ଀␜⊛ߦ⷗ߡ߈ߚ߇㧘੹ᓟߩᛛⴚ㕟ᣂ(b) ਄⸥(a)‫ޟ‬ႎ๔ᦠߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ޠ‬:ᐔᚑ 19 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 6 ᣣࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ߈㧘ᴺᓞ೙ᐲ߽ߎࠇ߹ߢߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴ኻᔕဳߩ೙ᐲᡷᱜࠍ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߦ㧘ߘߩ㒢⇇߇⷗߃ߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/2007/pdf/071206_2_bs1.pdf

 ᛛⴚߩ㕟ᣂߪ㧘ᤨઍߩㅴᱠߢ޽ࠅ㧘೑↪⠪ߩ೑ଢᕈࠍ(c) ‫ޟ‬⍮⊛⽷↥㜞╬ⵙ್ᚲ㧦ᐔᚑ18ᐕ12᦬22ᣣ ᛫๔ะ਄ߐߖ㧘ᐘ⑔ㅊ᳞ࠍታ⃻ߐߖߡ޿ߊᚑᨐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߎߣޕ‬ࠈ߇㧘⃻⁁ߩᴺ೙ᐲ࡮ᨒ⚵ߺߩᡷ⸓ߪ㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢߩ೙ᐲ᫈ළ᳿ቯᦠ‫ޠ‬࡮઀⚵ߺߣߩ㑆ߢ↢ߕࠆ㥿㦉ߩ⸃ᶖ㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪ߹ߚᓥ᧪

http://www.courts.go.jp/hanrei/pdf/20061222154234.pdf

ߩ᭴࿑㧔ᤨߣߒߡ೑⋉᭴ㅧ㧕ߩ଻⼔ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧘හᔕ⊛(d) ‫᧲ޟ‬੩࿾ᣇⵙ್ᚲ㧦ᐔᚑ 16 ᐕ 10 ᦬㧣ᣣ ઒ಣಽߥᚻ⋥ߒࠍߒߡ޿ߊᚻᴺߦࠃࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫ߪߢࠇߎޕ‬㧘๮઎ᦠ‫ޠ‬http://www.6ga.net/kettei.pdf

ᛛⴚ㕟ᣂߩᚑᨐߦࠃࠆᣂߒ޿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩિዷࠍᴺ೙ᐲ߇㧙㧙(e) ‫⪺ޟ‬૞ᮭᴺߩ৻ㇱࠍᡷᱜߔࠆᴺᓞ㧔ᐔᚑ 18 ᐕᴺᓞF ࡟࠲࡯ࡏ࠶ࠢࠬ

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H ࠬࠢࠗ࡯࠭ߞߚ߇㧘ᒰᤨߩ⚂᱅ߢߪ㧘⹺นࠍฃߌߚ࿖㓙ㅢାᬺ⠪߿⾗ᧄ  ᤋ௝ߩ↹㕙ࠍᏀฝߦ࿶❗ߒߡ㧘 ࠨࠗ࠭ߦวࠊߖ㑐ଥ╬ߩ޽ࠆ․ቯߩᯏ㑐㑆ߛߌߩ૶↪߇น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ਇ․

ࠆᣇᴺ‫ޕ‬ᤋ௝↹㕙ߩᲧ₸߇ᄌࠊࠆߩߢ㧘⴫␜ಣℂߢᓟㅀߔቯᄙᢙߩ૶↪߇೨ឭߩࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߢߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⋡⊛ࠆࠕ࠽ࡕࡈࠖ࠶ࠢࠍ૬↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍ೨ឭߦⴕߥࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߦㆡวߖߕ㑐ଥ⠪ߪ໧㗴ߦ⋥㕙ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨߩ -&& ⃻ -&&+ ߩI ࠕ࠽ࡕࡈࠖ࠶ࠢᜂᒰ⠪ߩ⧷ᢿߢ㧘ኾ↪✢⚂᱅ࠍ᳇ߦߖߕࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻⋡⊛ 㧠 ᤋ௝ߩ↹㕙ࠍᏀฝߦᒁ߈િ߫ߒߡ㧘 ࠨࠗ࠭ߦߦ૶↪น⢻ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬วࠊߖࠆᣇᴺ‫ޕ‬ᤋ௝↹㕙ߩᲧ₸߇ᄌࠊࠆߩߢ㧘⸥㍳ಣℂߢ ࠹࡟ࡆߢߩ↹㕙ᄌ឵೨ㅀߩࠬࠢࠗ࡯࠭ಣℂࠍߒߚᤋ௝ࠍరߦᚯߔߎߣࠍ೨ឭߦⴕߥࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤋ௝ߣߪฎߊߪᤋ↹ߩߺߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ߘߩᓟ㧘ࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყ㧔❑ᮮᲧ㧕߇㧟㧦㧠ߩ࠹࡟ࡆ߇಴⃻ߒ㧘ߘߩࠦࡦ࠹ࡦ࠷ߣ ߹ߨ߈ 68ߒߡᤋ↹߇↪޿ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᤋ↹㧔ࠕࠬࡍ ᶏᄖߦዬ૑ߔࠆੱ߇ᣣᧄߩ࠹࡟ࡆࠍⷞ⡬ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘߹ࠢ࠻Ყߪ߶߷㧥㧦㧕ߣߩ↹௝ᄌ឵߇ᔅⷐߦߥߞߚ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ߚ࿾ᣇߩᣇ߇᧲੩ߩ࠹࡟ࡆࠍⷞ⡬ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘࠰࠾࡯ߩࡠ㧥㧦 ߆ࠄ㧟㧦㧠߳ߩᄌ឵ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ㧘ࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყ߇

ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࡈ࡝࡯ᯏེࠍߎߩ߹ߨ߈ 68 ␠ߦ㗍ߌ㧘ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ㧥㧦 ߩࡂࠗࡆ࡚ࠫࡦ߇ਥᵹߣߥࠅ㧘ߘߩࠦࡦ࠹ࡦ࠷ߣߒߡ㧘࠶࠻ࠍㅢߓߡ 2% ߿࠹࡟ࡆฃ௝ᯏߢᭉߒ߻ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫߽ޕ‬ߘࠇ߹ߢ⫾Ⓧߒߚ㧟㧦㧠ᤋ௝ࠍ↪޿ࠆᔅⷐᕈ߇↢ߓ㧘㧟㧦㧠ߜࠈࠎ୘ੱ೑↪ߦ㒢ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߆ࠄ㧥㧦 ߳ߩ↹㕙ᄌ឵߇ᔅⷐߦߥߞߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㧞ߟߩ ࡠࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࡈ࡝࡯࠹࡟ࡆࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყ㑆ߩᄌ឵ߦߪ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥᚻᴺ C  I ߇޽ࠅ㧘 ࠰࠾࡯߇⽼ᄁߔࠆή✢ .#0 ࠍ៞タߒߚ࠹࡟ࡆ‫ޕ‬ᤋ௝ାภࠍ޿ߕࠇ߽ᤋ௝ାภߦᚻࠍട߃ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠅ㧘⪺૞ᮭ໧㗴ߣ࡝ࠕ࡞࠲ࠗࡓߢ /2') ାภߦᄌ឵㧘ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ࠍ੺ߒߡࡄߒߡ⼏⺰ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ࠤ࠶࠻ାภߣߒߡવㅍߔࠆ‫߽ߡ޿ߦߎߤޕ‬㧘ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻C ࡇ࡜࡯ࡏ࠶ࠢࠬ㧔ࠨࠗ࠼ࡄࡀ࡞㧕ࠍ੺ߒߡߎߩࡠࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠹࡟ࡆᯏེ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ႐ᚲ  ᤋ௝ߩਔ࠰࠺ߦ૛⊕㧔৻⥸⊛ߦߪ㤥૛⊕㧕ࠍㅊടߒߩ࠹࡟ࡆ߇ⷞ⡬น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߡ  ߩ↹㕙Ყߦߔࠆ‫ ޕ‬ᤋ௝ାภࠍ  ࡢࠗ࠼↹㕙 +2 ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦᤋߔ႐วߦⴕߥࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

 6%2+2 ᛛⴚߦၮߠ޿ߡ᭴▽ߒߚࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲↪ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߢ㧘ᚲ⻐ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߣห⟵⺆‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߪ࠺࡯࠲વㅍ↪ߩD ਄ਅࠞ࠶࠻  ᤋ௝ࠍ㧘 ࠨࠗ࠭ߦวࠊߖࠆᒻߢ㧘਄ਅਔ┵ࠍห㕖ታᤨ㑆વㅍ↪ߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ᣂᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒ߣࡉࡠ࡯࠼ࡃࡦ࠼ߓࠨࠗ࠭ߦࠞ࠶࠻ߔࠆᣇᴺ‫ޕ‬ൻߦࠃࠅ࠹࡟ࡆ᡼ㅍ㧘㔚⹤ߥߤታᤨ㑆વㅍߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬E ࠨࠗ࠼ࠞ࠶࠻  ᤋ௝ࠍ㧘 ࠨࠗ࠭ߦวࠊߖࠆᒻߢ㧘Ꮐฝਔ┵ࠍห +2 ࡑ࡞࠴ࠠࡖࠬ࠻ߓࠨࠗ࠭ߦࠞ࠶࠻ߔࠆᣇᴺ‫ޕ‬࿾਄ᵄ᡼ㅍߢ৻⥸⊛ߦࠃߊ⷗ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߥߤߩ +2 ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ↪޿㧘࠹࡟ࡆ᡼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅍߩࠃ߁ߥ㧝ኻᄙߦࠦࡦ࠹ࡦ࠷ࠍ৻ᢧߦㅍࠆᛛⴚ‫ޕ‬㩷㧙㧙