JAEA-Review
2007-046

April 1, 2006 – March 31, 2007
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator

Nuclear Science Research InstituteTokai Research and Development Center

January 2008
Japan Atomic Energy Agency

日本原子力研究開発機構

JAEA-Review

JAEA-Tokai TANDEM Annual Report 2006

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JAEA-Review 2007-046
JAEA-Review 2007-046
JAEA-Tokai TANDEM Annual Report 2006
April 1, 2006 – March 31, 2007
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Nuclear Science Research InstituteTokai Research and Development Center
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken(Received October 30, 2007)
This annual report describes a summary of each research activity, which has been carried out
using the JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator with the energy booster from April 1, 2006 to March 31,
2007. The forty-eight summary reports were categorized into seven research/development fields, i.e.,(1) accelerator operation and development, (2) nuclear structure, (3) nuclear reaction, (4) nuclear
chemistry, (5) nuclear theory, (6) atomic physics and solid state physics, and (7) radiation effects inmaterials, in addition, lists of publications, personnel and cooperative researches with universities arecontained. Regarding the number of summaries each of the fields is as follows: accelerator operationand development – 11, nuclear structure – 11, nuclear reaction – 6, nuclear chemistry – 5, nuclear
theory – 4, atomic physics and solid state physics – 3, radiation effects in materials – 8.

Keywords : JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, Operation Results, Nuclear Structure, Nuclear
Reaction, Nuclear Chemistry, Nuclear Theory, Atomic Physics, Solid State Physics, Radiation Effects
in Materials, Progress Report.

Editors : Tetsuro ISHII, Yuichiro NAGAME, Satoshi CHIBA, Norito ISHIKAWA,
Yosuke TOH, Akihiko OSA and Masao SATAKA-$($5HYLHZ
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ii

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Foreword
This report covers research and development activities with the tandem accelerator, its
superconducting booster and TRIAC radioactive ion accelerator at JAEA Tokai, for the periodof FY 2006(April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007). During this period, the tandem accelerator was
operated over a total of 201 days and delivered 26 different ions over 144 beam times to theexperiments in the fields of nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, atomic physics, solid statephysics and radiation effects in materials. Forty research programs were carried out incollaboration with a total of about 220 researchers from universities and research institutes.
The TRIAC was operated for 46 days. The following are some of the highlights in FY 2006.
In the development of the tandem accelerator and the booster, it was confirmed thatsuperconducting cavities can be restored to the original field gradients by cleaning theniobium surfaces with high-pressure water-jet spray. We made a cryogenic test of asuperconducting twin quarter-wave resonator designed for low-velocity beams and obtained apreliminary result of Eacc = 2.8MV/m at 4W RF power. Techniques of stable production of themetal-ion beams from an ECR ion source were developed for applying them to the source at
the high-voltage terminal.
In the development of TRIAC, we improved the charge breeding efficiency (HCB) for
metallic ions and the vacuum at the low-energy beam line for better transport efficiency forhighly charge-bred in order to achieve highly efficient acceleration of medium-mass
radioactive ion beams. The HCB increased from 0.1% to as much as 2%. In the case of129
Xe19+, the overall transmission from ISOL to the secondary target including HCB was aslarge as 2%.
In research of nuclear structure, the band properties of 187Pt and 174Re are investigated byin-beam Ȗ-ray spectroscopy for investigating signature inversions and shape coexistence. A
new isotope of the most neutron-rich Eu nucleus, 166Eu, was found using the ISOL with asurface ionization ion source equipped with UC target. Excited states in 242U, the heaviest
uranium nucleus identified so far, were established up to 8+ by in-beam Ȗ-ray spectroscopyusing the (18O,20Ne) reaction. The systematics of the first 2+ energies in neutron-rich actinide
nuclei suggests the possibility of a spherical doubly magic nucleus 256U164.
In research of nuclear reactions, fusion barrier distributions in the 76Ge+208Pb and 76Ge+209Bi
reactions were extracted by measuring quasi-elastic backward scatterings. These reactions are
candidates of cold-fusion reactions for producing super-heavy elements of Z=114 and 115,
respectively. Fission cross-sections for the reaction 34S+238U were measured around the
Coulomb barrier, and the results suggested that a new isotope 268Hs can be found in the fusioniii

JAEA-Review

2007-046

reaction at the sub-barrier energy. Astrophysical nuclear reaction rates of 8Li(d,t)7Li and8Li(d,D)6He were determined by using low-energy radioactive nuclear beam from TRIAC.
In research of nuclear chemistry, aqueous chemistry of element 104, rutherfordium (Rf)produced in the reaction 248Cm(18O, 5n)261Rf was systematically investigated based on an
atom-at-a-time scale. From trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) reversed-phase chromatography
in hydrochloric acid solution, we observed characteristic chemical property of Rf compared tothose of the homologues in the periodic table.㻌
In research of nuclear theory, structure of exotic and heavy nuclei was investigated:
Narrowing of the N=28 shell gap was predicted for Z=14 and 16 by shell model by taking
account of the tensor force of a new shell model interaction in the sd-pf cross shell part.
Potential energy surface calculation of heavy nuclei was extended to a wider parameter space
to cover well the scission points. The investigation of bulk properties of kaonic nuclei interms of relativistic mean field theory and chiral model for the KN interaction shows that thecentral density of some light nuclei is enhanced up to two times the saturation density.
In research of atomic and solid state physics, the diffusion coefficients of Li in E-LiGa withdifferent Li content were investigated using 8Li beams from TRIAC. It was found that the Li
diffusion around stoichiometric composition (1:1) is faster than in the Li-excess andLi-deficient composition. This fact demonstrates that the motion of the vacancies on the Li
atomic sites seems to be strongly promoted by the coexistence of Li-vacancies and Li
anti-structure atoms.
In research of radiation effects in materials, the microstructure evolution due to accumulationof ion-tracks and Xe-gas atoms was investigated. It was found that in Ce-based ceramics
densely accumulated ion-tracks form small subdivided grains similar to the microstructure
observed in high burn-up UO2 fuels. It was also found that Xe-atom implantation promotes
surface roughness which may be related to the formation of high burn-up structure.

Suehiro Takeuchi
Deputy Director
Department of Research Reactor
and Tandem Accelerator

iv

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Contents
1.

ACCELERATOR OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT··························································································1
1.1 Operation and Usage of Tandem Accelerator and Booster·························································································3
1.2 Design of the Power Supply for the Bending Magnet on the High Voltage Terminal of
the JAEA-Tokai Tandem ············································································································································6
1.3 Stable Production of Metal Ion Beam from ECR Ion Source and Application to Terminal Ion Source···················7
1.4 Screening Test of Relays Used under Pressurized Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) ···························································9
1.5 Communication Fault in the Interlock System for the JAEA Tandem Accelerator Facility····································11
1.6 Performance Test of Low E Superconducting Twin Quarter Wave Resonator························································13
1.7 Effect of High Pressure Water Jet Rinsing to Superconducting Cavity····································································15
1.8 Acceleration Test of the Low-Speed Heavy Ion Beam by the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Booster································17
1.9 Ion Source Development of On-Line Isotope Separator for Radioactive Nuclear Beam ······································18
1.10ᴾ Ion Source Development for Off-Line Experiment ·································································································20
1.11ᴾ Development of a Thick Target for Ion Source of On-Line Mass Separation of Heavy Actinide Isotopes············222.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE··········································································································································· 23
2.1 Study of High-Spin States in A|30 Nuclei ··············································································································25
2.2 Lifetime Measurement of High-Spin States in 92Zr ··································································································27
2.3 Development of Spin-Polarized Radioactive Nuclear Beam for Nuclear Spectroscopy
through E-Delayed Decay of Spin-Polarized Nuclei Around Doubly Magic Nucleus 132Sn ·······························28
2.4 Coulomb Excitation Experiment of 134Xe·················································································································30
2.5 EDecay Half-Life of 166Eu and Levels in 166Gd ·······································································································32
2.6 High-Spin States of Odd-Odd 174Re Nucleus············································································································34
2.7 Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich Tantalum Isotopes Produced in 18O-Induced Transfer Reactions··························36
2.8 Production of Long-Lived 186mRe for Laser Ablation Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy·························37
2.9 Band Properties of the Transitional Nucleus 187Pt·····································································································38
2.10Gamma-Rays in Neutron-Rich Nuclei 236Th and 242U ·····························································································40
2.11Alpha Fine Structure Measurement for 255No ···········································································································423.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS············································································································································45
3.1 Direct Measurement of the Astrophysical Nuclear Reaction Rate of the 8Li (d, t) 7Li Reaction·····························47
3.2 Measurement of Spectroscopic Factor & Spin-Parity on 62Ni (d, p) 63Ni* Reaction in Inverse Kinematics··········49
3.3 Measurement of Quasi-Elastic Backscattering for 64Ni + 118Sn················································································51
3.4 Quasi-Elastic Backward Scattering in 76Ge + 208Pb, 209Bi ························································································53
3.5 Measurement of Fission Cross-Sections for 34S + 238U ····························································································54
3.6 Correlation between D-Particle Emission and Fission in the 18O + 244Pu Reaction ·················································564.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY ···········································································································································59
4.1 Trioctylphosphine Oxide (TOPO) Reversed-Phase Chromatography of Rutherfordium in HCl···························61
4.2 Development of an Electrochemistry Apparatus for the Heaviest Elements ···························································63JAEA-Review

2007-046

4.3 Elution Curves of Nb and Ta in Anion-Exchange Chromatography with HF/HNO3 Solutions ·····························65
4.4 Production of RI Tracers for Chemistry of Transactinide Elements·········································································67
4.5 Radioisotopes Incorporation in Fullerenes by Using Nuclear Recoil ·····································································68
5.

NUCLEAR THEORY···················································································································································71
5.1 Significance of the Tensor Force in Exotic Nuclei in the SD-PF Shell ····································································73
5.2 Extension of Calculation for Nuclear Potential Energy Surface to Large Deformation ··········································75
5.3 Bulk Properties of Kaonic Nuclei······························································································································77
5.4 P-P Scattering Phase Shift in Momentum Space Including the Coulomb and a Short-Range Forces ····················79

6.

ATOMIC PHYSICS AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS································································································81
6.1 High-Resolution Zero-Degree Electron Spectroscopy of Neon Ions Passing through Carbon Foils······················83
6.2 Measurement of the Diffusion Coefficients in E-LiGa by Using Short-Lived Radiotracer of 8Li ··························85
6.3 Charge State Distribution of Sulfur Ions after Penetration of C-Foil Targets (IV)···················································877.

RADIATION EFFECTS IN MATERIALS ·················································································································89
7.1 Microstructure and Ion Configuration of Spinel Compound Irradiated with Swift Heavy Ions ·····························91
7.2 Effects of Accumulation of Ion Tracks and Pre-Implantation of Xe Ions on
Microstructure Changes in CeO2······························································································································93
7.3 A Trial Usage of Microprobes for Improvement of a Scanning SQUID Microscope·············································95
7.4 Study on Irradiation-Induced Magnetic Transition in FeRh Alloys by
Using X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism ············································································································97
7.5 Electronic Sputtering of Nitrides and Oxides by High-Energy Heavy Ions·····························································99
7.6 X-Ray Diffraction Study of CeO2 Irradiated with High-Energy Heavy Ions ························································101
7.7 Swift Heavy Ion Induced Structural Modifications in Single Crystalline D-Al2O3 ·············································103
7.8 Hardness Modification in FeCu Alloys by Using Radiation Enhanced Segregation ···········································105

8.

PUBLICATION IN JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, AND CONTRIBUTIONTO SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS··································································································································107
8.1 Accelerator Operation and Development················································································································109
8.2 Nuclear Structure······················································································································································ 111
8.3 Nuclear Reaction······················································································································································116
8.4 Nuclear Chemistry ···················································································································································120
8.5 Nuclear Theory·························································································································································125
8.6 Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics··················································································································131
8.7 Radiation Effects in Materials··································································································································132

9.

PERSONNEL AND COMMITTEE ··························································································································137
9.1 Personnel··································································································································································139
9.2 Research Planning and Assessment Committee ·····································································································143vi

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10. COOPERATIVE RESEARCHES, AND LIST OF COMMON USE PROGRAM IN JAEA·······························145
10.1 Cooperative Researches List··································································································································147
10.2 Common Use Program in JAEA···························································································································149

vii

JAEA-Review

2007-046┠   ḟ ຍ㏿ჾࡢ㐠㌿≧ἣཬࡧ㛤Ⓨyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ࢱࣥࢹ࣒ຍ㏿ჾ࡜ࣈ࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ㐠㌿࡜฼⏝ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy -$($ ᮾᾏࢱࣥࢹ࣒ຍ㏿ჾ㧗㟁ᅽ➃Ꮚෆ೫ྥ㟁☢▼⏝㟁※ࡢタィyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy (&5 ࢖࢜ࣥ※࡟ࡼࡿ㔠ᒓ࢖࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒ࡢᏳᐃ⏕ᡂ࡜ࢱ࣮࣑ࢼࣝ࢖࢜ࣥ※࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ yyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㧗ᅽ 6) ࢞ࢫ⎔ቃୗ࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿ࣮ࣜࣞࡢࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢヨ㦂yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy -$($ ࢱࣥࢹ࣒ຍ㏿ჾ᪋タ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㏻ಙ㞀ᐖ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy పș㉸ఏᑟຍ㏿✵Ὕࡢᛶ⬟ヨ㦂 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ㉸ఏᑟຍ㏿✵Ὕ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㧗ᅽ⣧ỈὙίࡢຠᯝ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy -$($ ࢱࣥࢹ࣒ࣈ࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓప㏿ᗘ࢖࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒ࡢຍ㏿ヨ㦂 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ᨺᑕᛶ᰾✀ࣅ࣮࣒ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥྠ఩యศ㞳⏝࢖࢜ࣥ※ࡢ㛤Ⓨ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ࢜ࣇࣛ࢖ࣥᐇ㦂ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢖࢜ࣥ※ࡢ㛤Ⓨ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㔜࢔ࢡࢳࣀ࢖ࢻ᰾✀㉁㔞ศ㞳⏝࢖࢜ࣥ※ࡢ㛤Ⓨ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy  ཎᏊ᰾ᵓ㐀 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ㉁㔞ᩘ  㡿ᇦࡢཎᏊ᰾ࡢ㧗ࢫࣆࣥ≧ែࡢ◊✲ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy =U 㧗ࢫࣆࣥ≧ែࡢᑑ࿨ ᐃ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ᰾ࢫࣆࣥ೫ᴟࡋࡓ஧㔜㨱ἲᩘ 6Q ㏆ഐ᰾ࡢș㐜Ⓨ⢏Ꮚ ᐃ࡟ࡼࡿ᰾ศගyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ;H ࡢࢡ࣮ࣟࣥບ㉳ᐇ㦂 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ୰ᛶᏊ㐣๫᰾ (X ࡢ༙ῶᮇ࡜ *G ࡢບ㉳‽఩yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ወࠎ᰾ 5H ࡢ㧗ࢫࣆࣥ≧ែ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㓟⣲  ࣅ࣮࣒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᰾Ꮚ⛣⾜཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡿ୰ᛶᏊ㐣๫ 7D ྠ఩యࡢ᰾ศග yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࢔ࣈ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥඹ㬆ศගࡢࡓࡵࡢ㛗༙ῶᮇ᰾✀ P5H ࡢ⏕ᡂ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㑄⛣㡿ᇦ᰾ 3W ࡢࣂࣥࢻࡢᛶ㉁ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ୰ᛶᏊ㐣๫᰾ 7Kࠊ8 ࡢȚ⥺㑄⛣ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 1R ࡢȘ⥺ᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀 ᐃ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ཎᏊ᰾཯ᛂ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy /L GW /L ኳయ᰾཯ᛂ⋡ࡢ┤᥋ ᐃ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 1L ບ㉳≧ែࡢศගᏛⓗᅉᏊཬࡧࢫࣆ࣭ࣥࣃࣜࢸ࢖ࡢ ᐃyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 1L㸩6Q ࡢᚋ᪉‽ᙎᛶᩓ஘ࡢ ᐃ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy *H㸩3Eࠊ%L཯ᛂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚋ᪉‽ᙎᛶᩓ஘ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 6㸩8 ཯ᛂࡢ᰾ศ⿣᩿㠃✚ࡢ ᐃ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 2㸩3X ཯ᛂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿȘᨺฟ࡜᰾ศ⿣ࡢ┦㛵yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ᰾໬Ꮫ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy +&O ⁐ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣛࢨ࣮࣍ࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ 7232 ㏫┦ࢡ࣐ࣟࢺࢢࣛࣇ࢖࣮yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㔜ඖ⣲࡟ྥࡅࡓ㟁Ẽ໬Ꮫ⿦⨨ࡢ㛤Ⓨ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy +)+12 ⁐ᾮ୰࡛ࡢ㝜࢖࢜ࣥ஺᥮ࢡ࣐ࣟࢺࢢࣛࣇ࢖࣮࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 1E ࡜ 7D ࡢ⁐㞳᭤⥺yyyyyyyyyyyy ㉸࢔ࢡࢳࣀ࢖ࢻඖ⣲໬Ꮫࡢࡓࡵࡢ 5, ࢺ࣮ࣞࢧ࣮〇㐀 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ᰾཯㊴ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࣇ࣮ࣛࣞࣥ࡬ࡢᨺᑕᛶྠ఩యࡢᑟධ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy viii

JAEA-Review

2007-046

ཎᏊ᰾⌮ㄽ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy VGSI Ẇࡢ࢚࢟ࢰࢳࢵࢡ᰾࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣥࢯࣝຊࡢ㔜せᛶyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ཎᏊ᰾ࡢ࣏ࢸࣥࢩ࢚ࣕࣝࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ࡢ኱ኚᙧ≧ែࡢᣑᙇ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy . ୰㛫ᏊཎᏊ᰾ࡢࣂࣝࢡ࡞ᛶ㉁ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㐠ື㔞✵㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢡ࣮ࣟࣥຊ࡜▷㊥㞳ຊࢆྵࡴ SS ᩓ஘࡟ᑐࡍࡿ఩┦ࡢࡎࢀyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ཎᏊ≀⌮ཬࡧᅛయ≀⌮yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy Ⅳ⣲ⷧ⭷㏻㐣 1H ࢖࢜ࣥࡢࣜࣗࢻ࣋ࣜ≧ែ࠿ࡽࡢᨺฟ㟁Ꮚࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ▷ᑑ࿨᰾ࢺ࣮ࣞࢧ࣮/L ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓș/L*D ୰ࣜࢳ࣒࢘ᣑᩓಀᩘ ᐃyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy Ⅳ⣲ⷧ⭷㏻㐣ᚋࡢ◲㯤࢖࢜ࣥࡢ㟁Ⲵศᕸ㸦ϫ㸧 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ᮦᩱࡢ↷ᑕຠᯝyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㧗㏿㔜࢖࢜ࣥ↷ᑕࡋࡓࢫࣆࢿࣝ⤖ᬗ୰ࡢ࢖࢜ࣥࢺࣛࢵࢡᵓ㐀࡜࢖࢜ࣥ㓄ิ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy &H2 ࡢᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀ኚ໬࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢖࢜ࣥࢺࣛࢵࢡ⵳✚࡜ ;H ࢖࢜ࣥணὀධຠᯝyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ㉮ᰝᆺ 648,' 㢧ᚤ㙾ᨵⰋࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ౑⏝ࡢヨࡳ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㹖⥺☢Ẽ෇஧Ⰽᛶ ᐃ࡟ࡼࡿ㕲ࣟࢪ࣒࢘ྜ㔠ࡢ↷ᑕㄏ㉳☢ᛶኚែࡢ◊✲ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㔜࢖࢜ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ❅໬≀ཬࡧ㓟໬≀ࡢ㟁Ꮚບ㉳ࢫࣃࢵࢱࣜࣥࢢ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㔜࢖࢜ࣥ↷ᑕࡋࡓ &H2 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㹖⥺ᅇᢡࡢ◊✲ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ༢⤖ᬗȘ$O2 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㔜࢖࢜ࣥ↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿᵓ㐀ኚ໬ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ↷ᑕಁ㐍೫ᯒࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ )H&X ྜ㔠࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◳ࡉࡢᨵ㉁ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㞧ㄅཬࡧᅜ㝿఍㆟➼ࡢห⾜≀ࠊᏛ఍Ⓨ⾲ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ຍ㏿ჾࡢ㐠㌿≧ἣཬࡧ㛤Ⓨyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ཎᏊ᰾ᵓ㐀yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ཎᏊ᰾཯ᛂyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ᰾໬Ꮫ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ཎᏊ᰾⌮ㄽyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ཎᏊ≀⌮ཬࡧᅛయ≀⌮yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 
ᮦᩱࡢ↷ᑕຠᯝyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 㛵㐃ㄢᐊ⫋ဨཬࡧጤဨ఍yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ㄢᐊ⫋ဨ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ጤဨ఍ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ඹྠ࣭༠ຊ◊✲ཬࡧ᪋タ౪⏝ࣜࢫࢺ yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 
ඹྠ࣭༠ຊ◊✲ࣜࢫࢺyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ᪋タ౪⏝ࣜࢫࢺyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 


ix



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JAEA-Review

2007-046

CHAPTER 1
Accelerator Operation and Development

1.1

Operation and Usage of Tandem Accelerator and Booster

1.2

Design of the Power Supply for the Bending Magnet on
the High Voltage Terminal of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem

1.3

Stable Production of Metal Ion Beam from ECR Ion Source andApplication to Terminal Ion Source

1.4

Screening Test of Relays Used under Pressurized Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)1.5Communication Fault in the Interlock System for
the JAEA Tandem Accelerator Facility

1.6

Performance Test of Low ESuperconducting Twin Quarter Wave Resonator

1.7

Effect of High Pressure Water Jet Rinsing to Superconducting Cavity

1.8

Acceleration Test of the Low-Speed Heavy Ion Beam by the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Booster

1.9

Ion Source Development of On-Line Isotope Separator for Radioactive Nuclear Beam

1.10 Ion Source Development for Off-Line Experiment1.11 Development of a Thick Target for Ion Source of On-Line Mass Separation of
Heavy Actinide Isotopes−−This is a blank page

JAEA-Review

1.1

2007-046

OPERATION AND USAGE OF TANDEM ACCELERATOR AND BOOSTER

M. SATAKA, S. TAKEUCHI, Y. TSUKIHASHI, K. HORIE, I.OHUCHI, S. HANASHIMA,
S. ABE, N. ISHIZAKI, H. TAYAMA, A. OSA, M. MATSUDA, Y. NAKANOYA,
H. KABUMOTO, M. NAKAMURA, K. KUTSUKAKE and Y. OTOKAWA

The tandem accelerator and booster have been operated for experiments over two periods,
May 19 to September 21 and December 5 to March 29. The total operation time of the tandem
accelerator was 201 days and 65 different beams were delivered for experiments during theoperation time. The experimental proposals and usage of the beam times from May 19, 2006
to March 29, 2007 are summarized in Table 1. and Table 2, respectively.
Table 1. Experimental Proposals.
___________________________________________________________________
Research Proposals Accepted by the Program Advisory Committee:
In-house Staff Proposals
4
Collaboration Proposals
35
Number of Experiment proposed
40
Number of Scientists participating in Researchfrom out side219
in-house
232
Number of Institutions presented
41___________________________________________________________________
Table 2. Usage of Beam-times in Different Research Fields.
______________________________________________________________
Research Fields
Beam time
Beam delibary
Nuclear Physics
83 days
41.3%
27 times
Nuclear Chemistry
29
18.4
13
Atomic and Solid State Physics
46
22.1
27
Radiation effects in Materials
23
11.4
17
Accelerator Development
20
10.0
18
Total

201 days

102 times

Distribution of the terminal voltage and ion species are listed in Table 3 and Table 4,
respectively. The stable high voltage limit of the tandem accelerator was gradually increasing
without aggressive conditioning, after the whole accelerator tubes were replaced in the
beginning of FY 2003 by the new compressed geometry tubes which were cleaned by a−−

JAEA-Review

2007-046

high-pressure water jet. A six days experiment was carried out with very stable beam at
18MeV.
Table 3. Distribution of Terminal Voltages.
17-18

MV

6

days

2.9

16-17
15-16
14-15
13-14
12-13
11-12
10-11
9-10

10
72
50
18
14
4
5
11

4.9
35.1
24.4
8.8
6.8
2.0
2.4
5.4

8-9
7-8
6-7
5-6

9
4
2
-

4.4
2.0
1.0

%

With respect to the ion beams, the accelerator has provided a total 26 different kinds of ion
species for research. Most of the beams were extracted from SNICS-2 sputter sources, which
produce negative charged ions, injected into the tandem accelerator. The hydrogen beam andmultiply charged ion beams of nitrogen, oxygen and rare gases were accelerated from theon-terminal ECR ion source, which were used about 25% of all the beam time. In this fiscal
year, the on-terminal 14GHz ECR ion injector was prepared. This will be replaced of 10GHz
ECR within next fiscal year.
The 16,18O beams stood out most in popularity commanding over 15% of the beam time. They
were mostly used for nuclear chemistry on actinides. The 136Xe beams were used for researchof radiation effects. The 1H, 6,7Li beams contributed to generating radioactive ion beams for
Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex (TRIAC).
The super-conducting booster was operated for a total of 27 days to boost the energies of 7
different beams from the tandem accelerator. The booster also played a role of the beamtransport line to the booster experiment hall for total 18 days. There was no big trouble in FY
2006 as before. Forty super-conducting resonators were in good condition to run, although theaverage acceleration field gradients decreased to 4MV/m. The niobium surfaces were cleaned
for resonators with a high-pressure water jet-spray to recover the original field gradient. The−−JAEA-Review

2007-046

details are described elsewhere in this report. All the boosted beams were used for nuclear
physics and it means that 33% of the beam time for nuclear physics needed an energy boost.
Table 4. Distribution of Beam Species accelerated for Experiment.
1

H
6,7
Li
11
B
12,13
C
14
N
16,18
O
19
F
22
Ne
27
Al
28,30

Si

28 days
28
2
7
8
32
9
5
3

31

P
S
40
Ar
58,64
Ni
76
Ge
86
Kr
100
Mo
134,136
Xe
197
Au
32,34

1 days
13
5
13
4
3
1
24
6

4

Table 5. Boosted Ion Beams for Experiment.
18

O
Ar
64
Ni
76
Ge
86
Kr
100
Mo
134
Xe
40

180 MeV
157-181215-290333-390
280
360
410

4 days2
94
32
3

The TRIAC facility, which has been installed in the tandem accelerator facility incollaboration with KEK, have experimental proposals with use of radioactive beams. The
accelerator provided ion beams for 46 days to the TRIAC for experimental and developmentuse. Some experiments with 8Li beam and 126In were successfully carried out. The ion
source development for TRIAC and the details of experiments using radioactive ion beams
are described elsewhere in this report.

−−JAEA-Review

2007-046

1.2 DESIGN OF THE POWER SUPPLY FOR THE BENDING MAGNET ON THE
HIGH VOLTAGE TERMINAL OF THE JAEA-TOKAI TANDEM
S. HANASHIMAIn this fiscal year, we carried forward design work of the new power supply for the 180r
bending magnet on the high voltage terminal of the tandem. The magnet is named as BM TL-1.
On the terminal, electric power is precious, so we are designing the supply as switch mode
power supply (SMPS) with power factor correction to improve the efficiency. It also needs
special care for cooling, because the supply works in the atmosphere of up to 0.6 MPa of SF6.
Improvement of the efficiency will reduce burden for cooling. The new supply consists of acontrol module and 4 power modules working parallel. The final output power is 200A @32V.
The primary power is 400Hz 3-phase 200V.

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㻝㻜

㻡㻜㻜

㻲㼞㼑㼝㼡㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㻔㻴㼦㻕

Fig. 1. Conductance (left) and phase delay (right) vs frequency, for the bending magnet.

Measurement of the conductance of BM TL-1 was made for the design. DC resistance of thecoil was known as about 0.16Ȑ. But the AC impedance or the conductance were not known. It
is more difficult to reduce output ripple or output error on the SMPS than on a supply withseries regulation technique. The conductance of the magnet coil means the ratio between thecurrent ripple and the voltage ripple. So it is used for setting the allowance of the voltage ripple
for the power supply. It is also useful for designing feedback loop. The measurement was madefrom 0.02Hz to 100kHz. Figure1 shows the results of 0.02Hz to 1kHz. The magnet yoke of BM
TL-1 is made of iron block, so the eddy current loss increases in a higher frequency region. For
example, conductance is about 0.03Ȑ-1 at 400Hz. If current ripple of 2mAp-p is allowed at thefrequency, voltage ripple of 2mA/0.03Ȑ-1 Ҹ 67mV p-p is allowed. At 0.1Hz, the conductanceis about 100 times greater than at 400Hz. Thus, the ripple voltage must be limited less thanabout 0.7mVp-p for the same current ripple criteria at the frequency.

−−JAEA-Review

1.3

2007-046

STABLE PRODUCTION OF METAL ION BEAM FROM ECR ION SOURCEAND APPLICATION TO TERMINAL ION SOURCE
T. NAKANOYA and M. MATSUDA

An electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source with permanent magnets has been installedin the high voltage terminal as a terminal ion source (TIS) [1]. The TIS produces intensive
positive ion beams from gaseous atoms and molecules. We are developing metal ion beams
from the ECR ion source which can be use in high voltage terminal.
We have already produced 17 kinds of metal ion beams with oven method at a test bench.
Considering the operating period of accelerator, a metal ion beam by oven method is required
to have stability and long life time. We tested long time stability of ion beam by Zn sample.
This result is shown in Fig.1. A Zn ion beam could produce relatively stable for over 50 hwithout any handling. The consumption of Zn sample was only 20 % at this test. More stable
operation is expected if radio-frequency (RF) is tuned and temperature of oven is adjusted. It
would be possible to use the sample about 10 days if RF input and oven temperature areautomatically stabilized.

㻯㼡㼞㼞㼑㼚㼠䠷㼚㻭䠹㻟㻜㻜㻜

Fig.1. Beam current change of Zn6+
as a function of extraction time.
Oven power 0.8W; RF power 20W.
The sudden decrease during thetime of 10 to 22 hour is caused byout of matching of RF resonance .

㻞㻜㻜㻜

㻝㻜㻜㻜

㻜
㻜

㻞㻜

㻠㻜
㼀㼕㼙㼑䠷㼔䠹

㻢㻜㻤㻜

We have designed a new oven assembly for the TIS as shown in Fig.2. The size of each part isshown in Tab.1. The basic structure of the oven head was the same shape as reported in ref [2].
But the parts outside of vacuum are modified for in-tank use. The tank of tandem accelerator
is filled with SF6 gas of 0.45 MPa. On the other hand, the pressure of plasma chamber is lessthan 10-5 Pa. So the oven is required to stand such a large pressure difference. Moreover the
space for oven is very limited, because the high voltage terminal shell where the new TIS to
be mounted is very narrow and congested with many equipment. It must be secure of 250 mmback stroke space for replacing oven assembly. For withstanding the pressure difference, we
exclude o-rings as much as possible, compared to the test bench model. An oven rod and ashield tube are connected by metallic seal. A shield tube and insulation tube are connected bysame way. These parts compose a threefold tube structure. The rear part of RF cube consistsof metal and alumina insulator only. The isolation valve between plasma chamber and ovenwas removed for shorting the full length. The shield tube has two functions. One is plasma
shielding, and the other is heat shielding. At ECR zone in the plasma chamber, bare oven headis damaged by plasma sputtering. The shield tube can reduce the damage of the oven head.
The oven head can be heated up to 1500Υ for producing metal ion beams. Thermal radiation
might have harmful influence on permanent magnet system. In this case, the shield tube
−−

JAEA-Review

2007-046

works as a heat shield to prevent direct thermal radiation. For this reason, a part of shied tube
was exposed to SF6 gas atmosphere and equipped with radiator fins for cooling. We aim to
use this oven near future.
Table 1. Dimensions of the oven assembly.
Plasma chamber
Oven rod
Shield tube
Insulation tube

Inner diameter
Diameter
LengthDiameter
LengthDiameter
Length

25 mm
8 mm
450 mm
12 mm
390 mm
18 mm
50 mm

Fig. 2. Schematic view of the new TIS and the oven assembly.

References[1] M. Matsuda, C. Kobayashi and S. Takeuchi, Proc. of 14th Int. Workshop on ECR sources.
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 3-6 May. 1999.
[2] T. Nakanoya and M. Matsuda, JAEA-Review 2005-004 (2005)12.

−−

JAEA-Review

1.4

2007-046

SCREENING TEST OF RELAYS USED UNDER PRESSURIZEDSULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6)K. KUTSUKAKE, M. MATSUDA, S. HANASHIMA and K. OBARA1
Many measurement and control devices are installed inside of a high voltage terminal of the
JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator and operated under pressurized sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) of
0.5MPa [1]. A screening test has been carried out by turning on and off a power supply of adummy load, to select a relay usable under the pressurized SF6 from relays which work under
the normal atmospheric condition (standard specification, not a hermetic type).
Three kinds of relays were tested: electromechanical relay (EMR), magnet contactor (MAG)and hybrid relay (HYB). Each relay was set up in a test chamber of the SF6 of 0.5MPa, andconnected to a resistance load rated three-phase current of 200V/3A. Then contacts of therelay were repeatedly opened and closed at a fixed periodic time. Temperature of the relay,
voltage, electric current and a change of appearance of the relay before and after the test were
measured and observed. Major specifications of the relays tested on the screening test are
shown in Table 1, and the HYB before set up in the test chamber is shown in Fig. 1.
Table 1. Specifications of the relays tested on the screening test.
EMR
MAG
HYB
7 2)
6 3)
7 2)
Mechanically
5×10
1×10
1×10
Durability1)
Electrically
2×105 3)
1×107 3)
1×107 3)oAllowable temperature ( C)-25῍40-10῍+55-25῍+60
Number of contacts
3
3
1
Dimensions (mm) & weight (g) 27×30×35H, 50 50×50×70H, 200 27×20×35H, 25
Total number of open & close of contact.

2)

Periodic time: 0.2 sec.

3)

Periodic time: 2 sec.

50
Temperature [Ŏ ]1)

Output line
Hybrid relay x 3
Resistance
Thermoᴾ sensor
Input line

30
20
10

HYB

MAG

EMR

0
0

Stage

0.5

1

1.5

Time [h]

2

2.5

3

Fig. 2. Temperature changes of the relays
during the test in the pressurized SF6 of
0.5MPa.

Fig. 1. Three Hybrid relays before set
up in the test chamber.

1

40

Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd−−JAEA-Review

2007-046

The temperature changes during repetition opening and closing of the relays are shownin Fig. 2. As for periodic time, the EMR was tested at 1cycle/1sec, while the MAG and
the HYB were tested at 1cycle/1.62sec. The contacts of the EMR and the MAG showed
irregular contact after several minutes of the test. By this time, input voltage and electric
current to an operational coil of the relay was feed normally. The highest temperature of
the EMR and the MAG showed about 35 oC and 32 oC, respectively, but thesetemperatures did not reach an allowable temperature limit. Concerning the visualinspection of the EMR and the MAG after the test, melting and dark-gray products wereobserved around the contacts. It is estimated that the dark-gray products are sulfide or
fluoride, and these compounds are formed by chemical reaction between metals andsulfur or hydrogen fluoride due to dissociation of SF6 in electric arcs [2]. In addition, acontact resistance of the MAG increased up to several 100kȍ due to the sticking
compounds that seemed to be silver sulfide.
On the other hand, for the HYB, there were not any troubles including㻌 melting andgeneration of dust. The HYB is basically composed of an electromechanical relay and asolid state relay. The sequence of the mechanism, at the beginning of turning on and off
the power supply, the electric current flows through a semiconductor relay (triode AC
switch, TRIAC), then the current flows through an electromechanical relay at steadystate. Therefore the arcs can be avoided in the HYB, in addition, a temperature rising
becomes low. As a result, the performance of the HYB is better than the EMR and theMAG, and it is available in the pressurized SF6 of 0.5MPa in spite of the standard
specification.
In the future, we are planning the test of solid state relays (SSR) as a next step. The
generation of heat is a problem in the SSR, but the electric arcs are not generated;
therefore an application of the SSR is expected as good as the HYB.
References[1] Tandem Accelerator & Tandem Booster, Pamphlet by Tandem Accelerator Section,
Nuclear Science Research Institute, JAEA (1997).
[2] SF6 Technical Reference, Honeywell Industrial Fluorines (2000).

− 10 −

JAEA-Review

1.5

2007-046

COMMUNICATION FAULT IN THE INTERLOCK SYSTEM FOR
THE JAEA TANDEM ACCELERATOR FACILITY
M. NAKAMURA and S. HANASHIMA

We developed a new interlock system for the JAEA tandem accelerator facility. The central
controller module communicates with other modules (entrance monitor x7, switch control x4,
LED driver x3, announcement x1) connected each other in a serial bus (RS-485@250kbps)[1]. These modules are controlled by Peripheral Interface Controllers (PICs, Microchip
Technology Inc.) programmed in an assembly language.
We found that a communication fault occurred in the system and it caused the system halt at
intervals of several hours. As a result of our investigation, we understood the halt was causedby the complex problems of hardware and software. We observed communication signals
between the central controller and other modules with a logic-analyzer and an oscilloscope inparallel with debugging the program of the system. The following shows their details.
Signals measured with the logic analyzer were entangled when the system halted. (Theprocess of transmitting or receiving signals is handled alternately when the system operates
normally.) We observed with the oscilloscope that a base of received signals was dropping
gradually along the number of modules to about 2 V. The appearance of the dropping signals
is shown in Fig.1 A.
A differential signaling is used in the communication system. But we thought that theunintended drop of over 2 V might cause the communication fault. We observed signals at atransmit port of entrance monitors to investigate the cause of the drop. Then we found that thedrop disappeared when a grounding terminal of the oscilloscope was connected to themodule’s one. And we found that the observed grounding impedance was high, and the drop
decreased when another grounding wire was added to a communication path. So we thoughtthat the drop was caused by the rising of a grounding potential. The modules except for
entrance monitors were not affected because they were installed near to a grounding system of
the central controller.
In adding another grounding wire to a signal line of the system to decrease the grounding
potential, we found a short circuit between a +5 V power source and the signal line in theentrance monitor #4. A short circuit current observed with a DC clamp on current probe wasabout 0.1 A from the power source to the signal line. The drop disappeared when the power of− 11 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

this module was shut off. Unfortunately, the short circuit recovered when we were
investigating it in more detail by opening the chassis of this module. But we found a small
damage on the cable had possibilities of the cause. We confirmed that the system works
normally after we had taken measures to those problems. Signals refined are shown in Fig.1
B.
The program had bugs which halted the interlock system from a lack of the waiting time at
the communication fault. We modified it to 1.0 ms for the system to recover even if thecentral controller received an invalid data momentarily. And we modified the program ofentrance monitors to display an error message if the system halted.

Fig.1 (Sketched) typical received signals of the central controller.
‘A’ shows the dropping signals and ‘B’ shows the normal one after refinement.

Reference[1] S. HANASHIMA etal, JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annu. Rep. 2005, JAEA-Review 2006-029(2006) 16.

− 12 −

JAEA-Review

1.6

2007-046

PERFOMANCE TEST OF LOW BETA SUPERCONDUCTING
TWIN QUARTER WAVE RESONATOR
H. KABUMOTO, S. TAKEUCHI and Y. OTOKAWA

We have started development of low beta superconducting twin quarter wave resonator(twin-QWR) in FY2004, and have fabricated a prototype twin-QWR in FY2005. We havecarried out performance test of this twin-QWR in FY2006.
Figure 1 shows a cutaway drawing of the twin-QWR. The top end plate and outer conductor
are connected by superconducting gasket made of niobium. We could not carry out
electro-polishing (EP) for rim of outer conductor. Instead of EP, we carried out
chemical-polishing (CP) for this area. After final assembling and high pressure water jet
rinsing, we carried out off-line performance test of twin-QWR.
Figure 2 shows the result of off-line performance tests. In the first test, the temperature rising
was observed around niobium gasket, and the quality factor (Q0) was 8107 at 4.2K at low
electric field, the acceleration electric field (Eacc) was 2.0MV/m at RF power input of 4.0W.
We thought that the connection between top end plate and outer conductor was insufficient,and we tightened up the connection screws to press the niobium gasket (estimated to 4~5
105N). The performance was improved to Q0=2108, Eacc= 2.8MV/m at 4.0W.
It is thought that the frequency stability of twin-QWR
is worse than QWR. Because twin-QWR has two
inner conductors that are narrow and low mechanicalstrength. This frequency instability happens becauseof the deformation of the top board by the heliumpressure. Twin-QWR has support screws at root of
inner conductors to prevent this deformation.
Figure 3 shows the frequency shift due to the heliumpressure. The frequency shift was about 1.23 kHz/
(kgf/cm2), and it was about 4 times as large as QWR’s
0.27 kHz/ (kgf/cm2).
We are planning to carry out performance test again
after changing niobium gasket in FY 2007.
Fig.1.
− 13 −

Cutaway drawing of twin-QWR.

JAEA-Review

2007-046

1.0E+09First test

Quality factor Q䈹

Second test䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷2.8MV/m at 4W
0.5W
䊼
1.4W
4.0W
7.0W
11W

1.0E+0821W

1.0E+07
0

1

Fig.2.

2

3
4
5
6
7
8
Acceleration electric field Eacc [MV/m]

9

10

Resonator Q0-values at 4.2K in off-line tests.

1.0

Frequency shift䚷䏓f䈹 [kHz]Twin QWR
0.8

QWR

0.6

䏓f䈹=1.23×䏓P

0.4
䏓f䈹=0.27×䏓P

0.2
0.0
0.0

Fig.3.

0.1

0.2
0.3
0.4
2
Helium puressure shift䚷䏓P [kgf/cm ]

0.5

0.6

Frequency shift due to the helium pressure.

References[1] H. Kabumoto et al., JAEA –Tokai Tandem Annu.Rep.2005, JAEA-Review 2006-029(2006) 12.
[2] H. Kabumoto et al., JAERI Tandem Annu.Rep.2003, JAERI-Review 2004-027 (2004) 13.

− 14 −

JAEA-Review

1.7

2007-046

EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURE WATER JET RINSINGTO SUPERCONDUCTING CAVITY

H. KABUMOTO, S. TAKEUCHI, N. ISHIZAKI, A. IIJIMA 1, T. YOSHIDA1,
T. USAMI1, T. ISHIGURO1 and K. YAMAGUCHI1Superconducting booster was built in 1994, and the operations of 20~40days were offered
every year. When it was built, the acceleration electric field (Eacc) of superconducting cavity
was 5.0MV/m on the average. The performance decrease little by little, and it become
4.0MV/m now. Some of the cavities generate X-ray from low acceleration electric field. It isthought that field emission is occurred by small contamination accumulated on the surface of
niobium. We decide to examine the high pressure water jet rinsing (HPWR).
High pressure water jet rinsing is a well known method to remove contamination ofsuperconducting cavity recently. Figure 1 shows the picture of HPWR. Ultra pure water of18Mȍ࣭cm is generated by ion exchange filter for 6 liters per minute. Water is pressurized to
6~8MPa by mechanical compressor, and sprayed on surface of the niobium. We haveconstructed the HPWR system in FY2005.
We carried out washing test to 4 cavities(on-line L37~L40). Figure 2 shows theeffect of HPWR to on-line L40 cavity.
Before HPWR, X-ray was generated
from 3.0MV/m, and Eacc was 3.6MV/m
at RF power input of 4.0W. After HPWR,
X-ray was not generated even at highacceleration electric field, and Eacc was
improved to 6.5MV/m. Table 1 shows
the result of HPWR to on-line L37~L40
cavities. Acceleration electric fields were
improved in all cavities, and the averageof Eacc were improved from 4.3MV/m toCavityWater pressure 6~8MPa
Flow rate 6L/ minTurn over nozzle

Fig.1. Picture of HPWR.

5.9MV/m at 4.0W. It was confirmed that the performance of superconducting cavity were
improved by HPWR. We are planning to carry out HPWR for other on-line cavities in
FY2007.
1

ATOX CO., LTD.

− 15 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

1.0E+09

Quality factor Q䈹

0.2W

0.2W

6.5MV/m at 4W
䊼
0.5W

1.1W

2.0W
䊹X-ray from 3MV/m

0.6W

5.1W

7.4W

12.4W

䊹3.6MV/m at 4W

2.1W

1.0E+08

4.0W

No X-ray
䊼

5.0W
11.7W
25.6W

Before HPWR
After HPWR

1.0E+07
0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Acceleration electric field Eacc [MV/m]

Fig.2. Effect of high pressure water jet rinsing to on-line L40 cavity.

Tab.1. Change of Eacc gain at input RF power of 4.0W before and after the HPWR.
Before HPWR

After HPWR

Gain

Eacc [MV/m]

Eacc [MV/m]

䏓Eacc [MV/m]

L37

4.7

5.3

䠇0.6

L38

3.5

5.9

䠇2.4

L39

5.4

6.0

䠇0.6

L40

3.6

6.5

䠇2.9

Average

4.3

5.9

䠇1.6

Cavity No.

− 16 −

JAEA-Review

1.8

2007-046

ACCELERATION TEST OF THE LOW-SPEED HEAVY ION BEAM
BY THE JAEA-TOKAI TANDEM BOOSTER
M. MATSUDAThe Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex (TRIAC) was installed at the JAEA Tandem
Accelerator facility as a joint project of the JAEA-Tokai and the KEK-IPNS. The low energy
Radioactive Nuclear Beam (RNB) having its energy up to 1.1MeV/u are utilized for various scientificprojects [1]. In future, we are going to connect TRIAC to the existing JAEA Super Conducting (SC)booster in order to accelerate the energy up to 5~8MeV/u. The SC booster is an independently phased
linac composed of 46 super conducting quarter wave resonators of an optimum velocity of E=10%.
However, the acceleration efficiency of the beam of 1.1MeV/u from TRIAC is only 10%. For the SC
booster to accelerate efficiently, the pre-booster which accelerates ion beams up to 2MeV/u (E=6.5%)
is necessary. On the other hand, it was shown by the test calculation[2] that the exit energy of the
TRIAC could be accelerated up to 1.4MeV/u by the modified acceleration mode. The possibility of theearly realization of the future plan without the pre-booster was shown. The acceleration test of such
low-speed beams were actually done with the SC booster.
The incident beam to the SC booster was 40Ar10+ which charge exchanged from 40Ar4+ with energy
1.3MeV/u and 1.4MeV/u by using post stripper foil from the in-terminal ion source of the tandem
accelerator. The setting of the synchronous phase of each resonator was done in usual operating
method which applied the bunch beam phase detector [3]. The average electric field of the resonator
was 2.7 MV/m and a synchronous phase was set to -30 degrees. Each result of acceleration tests wereshown in table 1 and table 2. The transmission efficiency is normalized at the beam current of faraday
cup at the booster entrance (B1-1).
Table 1.
FC position
Current [nAe]
Transimission

40

Ar10+(A/q=4) , Ein/A=1.3MeV/u(E=5.28%) э Eout/A=3.9MeV/u

04-1
tandem
exit
14

B1-1
Boosterentrance
11

B1-2

B3-1

middle
11
100%

end
2.4
22%

B3-2
After
debuncher
2.1
19%

B4-1
After booster
analyzing magnet
1.9
17%

Table 2. 40Ar10+(A/q=4) , Ein/A=1.4MeV/u(E=5.48%) э Eout/A=4.5MeV/u
FC position
04-1
B1-2
B3-1
B3-2
B1-1
B4-1
Current [nAe]
34
24
2.8
2.7
27
2.6
Transimission
89%
10%
10%
10%
As a result of the acceleration test, either of the booster exit energy agree with the calculated value
approximately and it succeeded in the acceleration in usual way. However, the beam transmission
efficiency was worse than about 50 % of usual high-speed ion beams (ȕ>7%). A lot of beams were lostin main acceleration part of booster. By the optimization of the beam transportation system, we thinktransmission efficiency to be improved. Also, the difference of emittance of the beam from the tandem
and from TRIAC must be considered.

References[1] H. Miyatake et al. , Nucl. Instrum. Methods B204 (2003) 746.
[2] S. Arai , private communication.
[3] S. Takeuchi et al. , Nucl. Instrum. Methods A382 (1996) 153.
− 17 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

1.9 ION SOURCE DEVELOPMENT OF ON-LINE ISOTOPESEPARATOR FOR RADIOACTIVE NUCLEAR BEAM
A. OSA, M. MATSUDA, Y. OTOHKAWA, S. ICHIKAWA,
T.K. SATO and S.C. JEONG1

According to the JAEA-KEK joint radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) project, we havedeveloped integrated-target-ion source systems to produced heavy neutron-rich RNBs withparticle-induced fission of 238U [1]. In order to evaluate the release performance of theintegrated-target-ion source system, release time of mass-separated fission products were
measured.
A graphite fiber based uranium carbide target was bombarded with a 32-MeV proton beam
(25 MeV on target) with intensity of about 60 nA. For the release time measurements offission products, the mass separated products were collected on an aluminized Mylar tape in atape transport system and were periodically transported to a measuring position where an
HPGe detector was placed for J-ray measurements.

1

FC OutFC In
Tape taransport and switch block timing(Ǽt=3s)

136m

10

Cs (T1/2 =17s) 570 keV Ț5

ȫ=1.7s(30%)
Counts

A faraday cup located in a connection beamline upstream from the ion source is held inthe ‘‘out’’ position, that means proton beamirradiate the target and the reaction products
are generated and saturated in the ion source.
After that, the faraday cup is held in the “in”
position. Proton beam no longer irradiate
the target and the direct generation ofradioactive isotopes inside the target isstopped. The atoms present in the target
continue to be released and radioactive ionscontinue to be collected on the tape. In a
cycle, collection, tape transport andmeasurement is repeated 16 times at typicalintervals of 3 seconds. 4k channels J-ray
spectra of each interval are stored in 64k
channels memory divided by 16 blocks.
Storing block is switched at the same timeas the collected radioactive source istransported to the measuring position. The
whole measurement cycle can be repeated inorder to increase the statistics.

ȫ=22.7s (70%)
10

4

2 components fitting
10

3

0

10

20

30

Time/sFig.1. Release time distribution of 136mCs andtime-sequence diagram.

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization− 18 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Table 1. Release times and fractional rates deduced from the one and/or two exponential fit to
the release data.
Isotope Ion source half-life/s Release time/s
Fractional rate Literature
94
Rb
SIS
2.072 W1: 1.1
84%
3.2 s[2], 8.2 s[3],0.8 s[4]16%
W2: 10.7
136m
Cs
SIS
17 W1: 1.730%
2.5 s[2], 21.6 s[3]70%W2: 22.7
145
BaSIS
4.3 W1: 9100%
10.3 s[2], 107 s[3]
160
100%
Eu
SIS
38 W1: 12
91
Kr
FEBIAD
5.98 W1: 3.1
21%
2.2 s[2], 3.5 s[3]79%W2: 46.9
123g
In
FEBIAD39.68 W1: 7100%
2.5 s[2], 8.7 s[5]SIS
100%
6.2 s, 2.3 s, 1.6 s[3]W1: 1.7@2250Υ
139
Xe
FEBIAD
8.57 W1: 1232 s[2], 11.7 s[3]W2: very long
The fission products are delayed-released from the target-ion-source system. For example,
release time distribution of Cs from the ion source and time-sequence diagram are shown in
Fig.1. Filled and open circle presents J-ray raw count (N) and nuclear decay corrected one(N’) for the data after t=0, respectively. Time dependences of the corrected count are fitted by
1 , for several
following equation: N ' (t ) ¦ Ai exp(Oi t ) . The release time, W i

Oii 1, 2elements, ionized with a surface ionization ion source(SIS) and/or a Forced Electron Beam
Induced Arc-Discharge (FEBIAD) type ion source, are shown in Table 1.
In this study, suppression of the separation yield for short-lived isotopes, which half-lives areless than the release time for the element, was observed. It caused decay loss in thetarget-ion-source system. It should speed up release time, which depends on the temperatureof the target-ion-source system and base material of target. We are constructing a hightemperature FEBIAD type ion source for separation of short-lived In isotopes. As a basematerial, graphite disk which is molded graphite powder in low pressure make a good
performance. Change of base material of the target is under studying.

References[1] A. Osa, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 261 (2007) 1048-1052.
[2] B . Fogelberg, M. Hellström, L. Jacobsson, D. Jerrestam, L. Spanier and G. Rudstam,
Nucl. Instrum. Methods B70 (1992) 137.
[3] A.H.M. Evensen et al., Nucl Instrum Methods B126 (1997) 160.
[4] P.L. Reeder, R.A. Warner, G.P. Ford, H. Willmes, Phys. Rev. C 32 (1985) 1327.
[5] A. Andrighetto et al., Nucl Instrum Methods B204 (2003) 267.

− 19 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

1.10 ION SOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR OFF-LINE EXPERIMEMT
A. OSA, Y. OTOHKAWA, S. ICHIKAWA, T.K. SATO and SC.JEONG1)

We have modified a surface ionization ion source (SIS) to provide stable ion beam fordevelopment test of the CB-ECRIS[1]. In order to evaluate the performance of the modified
SIS (SIS-III), operating method dependence of beam intensity with same input power wasmeasured.
The original plan of this modification was to improve ionization performances of surface
ionization type target-integrated-ion source system (SIS-II). In a general way, the mechanism
to generate ions in SIS is surface ionization (surface ionization (SI) mode). To enhance theionizing power, we added an electron impact mechanism (electron impact (EI) mode) in the
SIS-III. Schematic view of the SIS-III is shown in Fig. 1.
Ionizer
Anode plate

OrificeFig. 1. Schematic view of the SIS-III.
We put an anode plate in front of the orifice of the ionizer. Several hundred volts are applied
between the plate and the ionizer so that thermal electrons impact atoms vaporized from theionizer orifice. In the off-line test, BaO powder is fed to the ionizer as a seed of Ba vapor. We
compared the beam intensity in the EI mode with the one in the SI mode.
Table 1. Observed ion species measured in off-line test of SIS-III.
Ionization
EI modeSI modeenergy/eVBa+
5.212
950 nA
200 nABa2+
10.00
300 nA
6.8 nA+N2
15.58
160 nA
unseenOperation parameter
Electron bombardment
395V/0.26A
450V/0.21A
Filament-1
4.6V/35A
4V/36.8A
Filament-2
7V/36.6A
7.3V/38.1A
Total input power
520W
520W
1) High Energy Accelerator Research Organization− 20 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

We observed high yield Ba+ ion beam in the EI mode operation though we input same total
power. In addition, multiply-charged ion of Ba and nitrogen molecule ion, which are generally
impossible to ionize with the SIS-II, were observed. In the EI mode operation, Ba+ ion beam
is simultaneously observed that electron impact current (~0.01A) begins to pass, which issmaller than necessary input power for ionization of Ba in the SI mode. At the input power~500W, the temperature of the ionizer achieves 1500ºC. At this temperature, the vapor
pressure of BaO is a few Pa. The difference of yields between the EI mode and the SI mode
depends on the ionizing power of each mode.
When we provide enough intense ion beam (~100 nA) with the SI mode operation fordevelopment test of the CB-ECRIS, we have to control input power all of the time to keep
intensity. In addition, the seed of Ba vapor have been exhausted in several hours. On the other
hand, when we use the SIS-III with the EI mode operation, we can continuously provide beam
in several day. Unfortunately, the performance of the SIS-III with the EI mode does notappear in the on-line experiment; it is worse than the SIS-II with the SI mode. In the on-line
experiment, we have to heat the ionizer up to 2500ºC which is needed to evaporate reaction
products from target. In addition, in the off-line test, high dense vapor is ejected from theionizer orifice compared with the rarefied reaction products vapor in the on-line experiment.
We considered that disappearance of the EI mode in the on-line experiment is caused by thesedifferences of operating condition.

Reference[1] A. Osa, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 261 (2007) 1048-1052.

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JAEA-Review

1.11

2007-046

DEVELOPMENT OF A THICK TARGET FOR ION SOURCE OF ON-LINE
MASS SEPARATION OF HEAVY ACTINIDE ISOTOPES
T.K. SATO, A. OSA, K. TSUKADA, M. ASAI and S. ICHIKAWA

Isotope separation on-line (ISOL) with unambiguous mass identification and rapid separation
is a powerful method for study of short-lived actinide isotopes. We developed a gas-jet
coupled thermal ion source in the JAEA-ISOL [1]. With this system neutron-deficient Am,
Cm and Bk isotopes were successfully mass-separated and their decay properties were studied.
To extend this research program to the region of heavy actinide isotopes, we have developed athick target ion-source technique.
Experiments were performed using a thermal ion-source [2] in the JAEA-ISOL connectedwith the tandem accelerator at JAEA, Tokai. Temperature dependence of ion beam intensitiesof 239Am produced in the 238U(6Li, 5n) reaction was measured after mass-separation. A 25
mg/cm2 thick 238U target, impregnated239

Figure 1 shows mass-separatedAm
beam intensities as a function of theion-source temperature. The calculated
ionization efficiency is also shown in
the figure. The separation efficiency of239
Am was 0.8% and the beam intensity
was 1.3 x 103 atoms/s at the ion-source
temperature of 2600 K. The observed
beam intensity is about 10 times higher
than that expected with the gas-jet
coupled thermal ion source system.

10
Separation effciency/%with a graphite fiber (I 100 Pm, Tokai
carbon, Co., Ltd.), was irradiated by a
45 MeV 6Li beam with an intensity of
about 100 particle-nA.

0ionization eff.
by Langmuir eq.

10

í1

10

í2

1500

2000

2500

Temperature/K
Fig. 1. Separation efficiency for 239Am as a function ofionizer temperature. Dashed line shows a calculation
using the Langmuir equation.

References[1] S. Ichikawa et al. Nucl. Inst. and Meth. B187 (2002) 548-554.
[2] S. Ichikawa et al. Nucl. Inst. and Meth. A274 (1989) 259-264.
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JAEA-Review

2007-046

CHAPTER 2
Nuclear Structure

2.1

Study of High-Spin States in A|30 Nuclei

2.2

Lifetime Measurement of High-Spin States in 92Zr

2.3

Development of Spin-Polarized Radioactive Nuclear Beam for Nuclear Spectroscopy
through E-Delayed Decay of Spin-Polarized Nuclei AroundDoubly Magic Nucleus 132Sn

2.4

Coulomb Excitation Experiment of 134Xe

2.5

EDecay Half-Life of 166Eu and Levels in 166Gd

2.6

High-Spin States of Odd-Odd 174Re Nucleus

2.7

Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich Tantalum Isotopes Produced in
18

O-Induced Transfer Reactions

2.8

Production of Long-Lived 186mRe for Laser Ablation
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

2.9Band Properties of the Transitional Nucleus 187Pt

2.10 Gamma-Rays in Neutron-Rich Nuclei 236Th and 242U
2.11 Alpha Fine Structure Measurement for 255No− 23 −

This is a blank page

JAEA-Review

2.1

2007-046

STUDY OF HIGH-SPIN STATES IN A § 30 NUCLEI

M.L. LIU1, E. IDEGUCHI1, T. MORIKAWA2, Y. TOH, M. KOIZUMI, A. KIMURA,
H. KUSAKARI3, M. OSHIMA, B. CEDERWALL4, K. FURUTAKA, Y. HATSUKAWA,
S. MITARAI2, M. SUGAWARA5 and Y. ZHENG1

High-spin states in A § 30 nuclei have been extensively studied in the past few years [1,2]. In
this region several interesting phenomena can be investigated such as violation of mirror
symmetry, cluster structure, shape coexistence, and the interplay between single-particle andcollective motion [1,2]. In 32S and 36S, presences of superdeformed structure were predicted[3,4] but they were not experimentally confirmed. In order to investigate collective structuresat high-spin, 36S and its neighboring nuclei were studied.
An in-beam Ȗ-ray spectroscopic experiment was performed to study high-spin states of 36S
and its neighboring nuclei through the 18O + 24Mg fusion-evaporation reaction. The 18O beamof 70MeV was provided by the tandem accelerator of Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The
targets used were an isotopically enriched 24Mg foil of 1 mg/cm2 thickness with 8 mg/cm2
nat
Pb backing and a 490 ȝg/cm2 thick self-supporting one. The GEMINI-II array [5] consistingof 14 HPGe detectors with BGO anti-Compton shields was used to detect Ȗ rays. The HPGe
detectors were placed at 47º (4 Ge's), 72º (2 Ge's), 90º (2 Ge's), 105º (4 Ge's), 144º (1 Ge) and147º (1 Ge) with respect to the beam direction. In order to select evaporation channels, acharged particle detector array consisting of 20 ǻE Si detectors [6] surrounding the target wasused. Events were collected when at least two HPGe detectors and one Si detector were firedin coincidence.
Based on the Ȗ-Ȗ coincidence relations and Ȗ-ray energy sum, a level scheme for 36S wasconstructed as shown in Figure 1. The ordering of transitions in the level scheme wasdetermined by the Ȗ-ray relative intensity balance. Previously proposed level scheme [7] wasconfirmed in the present study up to the 6.69MeV level. After making charged particle gates,
Ȗ rays emitted from 33P, 34S, 35Cl, 38Ar and 39K were also observed. Three new 1026-, 1297and 2141-keV Ȗ rays were identified in 33P, which de-excite high-lying states with spin ~15/2
α, as shown in Figure 2A. In the experiment 35Cl was populated most strongly and most of the
known yrast and non-yrast transitions [8] were observed. In the present analysis, the highest
observed level is the 11- state at 11.617 MeV in 38Ar. By gating on the 1441-keV transition,
which de-excites the 11- level, Ȗ rays of low-lying states in 38Ar [9] were clearly confirmed(Figure 2B). Data analysis is still in progress.
1

CNS, University of Tokyo
Kyushu University
3
Chiba University
4
Royal Institute of Technology
5
Chiba Institute of Technology
2− 25 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046(6 + )

1000

6690
1485

902-keV gate (36S)
5
4

185

827

3

500

5205
5020
1012
4193

902

2+

3291

3291

0

0

1000

2000

Energy (keV )

3000

4000

0+
36

0

S

Fig. 1. Ȗ-ray spectrum by gating on 902 keV transition (left) and a level scheme of 36S (right).

185

A: 2378-keV gate ( 33P)

670

800

1000

1000

2000

3000

0
0

Energy (keV)

2168

1643

2565

1823

1605

200

775

1202

400

511

Counts2141
382168 ( Ar)1643
361730 ( Cl)

1431

1226

1297

1026

38

670 ( Ar)
788 ( 36 Cl)

414
511

1411

1848

Counts

600

500

0
0

B: 1441-keV gate ( 38Ar)

106

1500

1000

2000

3000

Energy (keV)

Fig. 2. Ȗ-ray spectra by gating on (A) 2378 and (B) 1441 keV transitions in 33P and in 38Ar,
respectively.
References[1] P. Mason et al., Phys. Rev. C 71 (2005) 014316.
[2] F. Della Vedova et al., Phys. Rev. C 75 (2007) 034317, and references therein.
[3] H. Molique, J. Dobaczewski and J. Dudek, Phys. Rev. C 61 (2000) 044304.
[4] T. Inakura, S. Mizutori, M. Yamagami and K. Matsuyanagi, Nucl. Phys. A 728 (2003) 52.
[5] K. Furuno et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A421 (1999) 211.
[6] T. Kuroyanagi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A316 (1992) 289.
[7] X. Liang et al., Phys. Rev. C 66 (2002) 014302.
[8] R. Kshetri et al., Nucl. Phys. A 781 (2007) 277.
[9] D. Rudolph et al., Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 034305.
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JAEA-Review

2007-046

2.2 LIFETIME MEASUREMENT OF HIGH-SPIN STATES IN 92Zr
M. SUGAWARA1, Y. TOH, M. OSHIMA㸪M. KOIZUMI,A. KIMURA, Y. HATSUKAWA, T. KIN and H. KUSAKARI2

It has been a main subject in nuclear structure physics for a long time to study the shape andphase evolution as a function of several control parameters characterizing nuclear states suchas the proton number Z, the neutron number N, and the nuclear spin I. A new way called
E-GOS (E-Gamma Over Spin) was proposed a few years before now to illuminate a possible
transition between vibrational and rotational collective modes as a function of nuclear spin[1].
In this approach, the ratio, R= EJ I o I  2 I is considered, which is expressed as !Z I and! 2 2 4  2 I in the limits of vibrator and rotor, respectively, and behaves quite differently㻱㼓㼍㼙㼙㼍㻛㻿㼜㼕㼚as a function of spin between the two. This E-GOS plot is shown for 92Zr as an example inFig. 1. The sharp, hyperbolic decrease with spin, a signature of vibrator, is clearly visible up
to 12+ state, while above that a gradual increase with spin, a signature of rotor, succeeds.
Therefore a structural transition from a㻡㻜㻜vibrator to a rotor is suggested for 92Zr
㻠㻡㻜
㻥㻞
㻠㻜㻜
+
㻱㻙㻳㻻㻿㻌㼜㼘㼛㼠㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼆㼞
around 12 .
㻟㻡㻜
㻟㻜㻜
㻞㻡㻜
㻞㻜㻜
㻝㻡㻜
㻝㻜㻜
㻡㻜
㻜

It is needed to measure the lifetimes ofhigh-spin states for proving the existenceof suggested transition from a vibrator to a
㻜
㻡
㻝㻜
㻝㻡
㻞㻜
㻿㼜㼕㼚
rotor.
Accordingly
thelifetime
measurement was made on high-spinstates in 92Zr using the Doppler shift
Fig. 1. E-GOS plot for 92Zr.
986attenuation method through the reaction of Be( Kr,3n). An 9Be foil of 8.0 Pm thickness
backed with Au of 29.6 mg/cm2 thickness was bombarded with an 86Kr beam of 280 MeV.
Emitted J-rays were detected with an array of 12 HPGe detectors with BGO Compton
suppressors (GEMINI-II). Total events of 2.2u108 were collected for 3 days of beam time. In
this reaction, the recoil velocity of 92Zr nucleus was estimated to be around 6 % relative to thelight velocity and the energy difference between stopped and fully shifted components
amounted to about 50 keV for the detector at T=144° with respect to the beam direction. Since
we have also detectors at T=47° in GEMINI-II frame, it is possible to check the consistencyof the deduced lifetimes by analyzing the J-ray lineshapes of both the detectors
simultaneously. Detailed analysis is in progress.
Reference[1] P. H. Regan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 152502.
1
2

Chiba Institute of Technology
Chiba University− 27 −

JAEA-Review

2.3

2007-046

DEVELOPMENT OF SPIN-POLARIZED RADIOACTIVE NUCLEAR BEAM
FOR NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY THROUGH E-DELAYED DECAY OF
SPIN-POLARIZED NUCLEI AROUND DOUBLY MAGIC NUCLEUS 132Sn

Y. HIRAYAMA 1, M. MIHARA 2, S.C. JEONG1, H. MIYATAKE1, K. MATSUTA2,
Y.X. WATANABE1, T. HASHIMOTO, N. IMAI1, H. ISHIYAMA1, S. ICHIKAWA, T. ISHII,
T. IZUMIKAWA 3, D. KAMEDA 4, I. KATAYAMA1, H. KAWAKAMI1, H. KAWAMURA 5,
J. KOMURASAKI2, S. MITSUOKA, S. MOMOTA 6, J. MURATA5, K. NARITA5,
D. NISHIMURA2, A. OSA, T.K. SATO, T. SHIMODA2 and N. YOSHIKAWA1

Spin-polarized radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) is a useful tool to study nuclear structures
through nuclear moment measurements and E-delayed decay spectroscopy [1], and to study
materials through electromagnetic property measurements. For nuclear spectroscopy aroundthe doubly magic nucleus 132Sn at TRIAC facility, we decided to introduce the tilted-foil (TF)
technique [2] for the production of spin-polarized RNBs.
The production process of nuclear polarization by the TF technique is as follows: First atomic
polarization is produced in an asymmetric electron transfer process between outgoing atoms
and those in the surface of the tilted foils. Then nuclear polarization is induced by hyperfine
interaction between the nucleus and the polarized electron.
The features of this method are as follows: The method is applicable to any elements inprinciple and is suited to the low energy RNBs of a few hundred keV per nucleon. The
produced polarization increases with the number of foils [3] and the tilt angle between the
beam axis and the normal axis of the foils [4]. The direction of polarization is easily reversedby reversing the normal axis of the foils.
A study of the TF method has been performed at TRIAC facility by using the 8Li (W1/2 = 838
ms, I S= 2+, g = 0.8268) beam at the energies of 178 and 240 keV/A. The typical beam
intensity was 105 pps. 8Li nuclei were implanted in an annealed platinum stopper foil of 10
Pm thick at room temperature, where the magnetic field of B0 ~0.05 T was applied to preserve
the nuclear polarization. The E-NMR technique was applied to the measurement of thenuclear polarization. Figure 1 shows the obtained polarization as a function of the number offoils by varying the foil materials, beam energies and tilt angles in order to search an optimum
condition. In the experiment in Nov. 2005, the ten carbon foils of thickness 10 Pg/cm2 wereused with the tilt angle of 70o. The polarization was achieved to be 3.7±1.1% with the 10 foils.
The induced polarization wasn’t saturated. Although higher polarization is expected byincreasing the number of foils, the carbon foil is so thick that 8Li ions cannot pass throughmore than ten foils. Therefore, we developed a thinner polystyrene foil of about 3 Pg/cm2
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Osaka University
3 Niigata University
4 Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)
5 Rikkyo University
6 Kochi University of Technology
12− 28 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

thickness. At the experiment in Jan. 2007, the polarization of 5.9±0.5% was achieved at thebeam energy of 178 keV/A by using the 15 polystyrene foils at the tilt angle of 70o. From thisresult, polarization of 8% is expected with 20 foils, which is limited by energy loss of 8Li ionspassing through the foils.

Polarization (%)

We are now preparing for nuclear spectroscopic experiments of radioactive indium isotopes
polarized with the TF technique.

64
2’05 Nov. Exp. 178 keV/A : carbon foil (70deg.)’07 Jan. Exp. 178 keV/A : polystyrene (70deg.)’07 Jan. Exp. 178 keV/A : polystyrene (70deg.)’07 Jan. Exp. 240 keV/A : polystyrene (70deg.)’07 Jan. Exp. 240 keV/A : polystyrene (80deg.)’07 Jan. Exp. 240 keV/A : polystyrene (80deg.)

0
2
4
6
0

5

10

15

20
Number of foils

Fig. 1. 8Li polarization produced by varying number of sheets of foil,
the foil materials, beam energies and tilt angles.
References[1] Y. Hirayama, T. Shimoda, H. Izumi, A. Hatakeyama, K.P. Jackson, C.D.P. Levy,
H. Miyatake, M. Yagi, H. Yano, Phys. Lett. B 611 (2005) 239.
[2] Y. Nojiri and B.I. Deutch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 (1983) 180.
[3] G. Goldring and Y. Niv, Hyperfine Interact. 21 (1985) 209.
[4] N.H. Tolk, L.C. Feldman, J.S. Kraus, J.C. Tully, M. Hass, Y. Niv and G.M. Temmer, Phys.
Rev. Lett. 47 (1981) 487.

− 29 −

JAEA-Review

2.4

2007-046

COULOMB EXCITATION EXPERIMENT OF 134Xe

M. KOIZUMI, Y. TOH, M. OSHIMA, A. OSA, A. KIMURA, Y. HATSUKAWA, K.
FURUTAKA, H. HARADA, G. KITATANI, S. NAKAMURA, M. OHTA, K. HARA, H.
KUSAKARI1, M. SUGAWARA2, T. MORIKAWA3 and Y. KOJIMA4
Being located in a transitional region, Xe isotopes gradually change their properties from a
J-unstable rotational character (A § 124) to a vibrational (A = 134). In terms of dynamic
symmetry of IBM, the change is considered as a shape phase transition from O(6) to U(5)symmetry. Theoretical calculations suggested that the E(5) critical point of the phase shapetransition of Xe would appear at around A = 130 [1,2]. In order to make detailed discussion,
information on electromagnetic properties such as B(E2)s and quadrupole moments are
required.
Coulomb excitation is a useful method for measurements of electromagnetic properties nearground states of nuclei [3,4]. Our systematic study revealed nuclear properties and evolutions ofstructures of stable nuclei in the mass region around A § 70 [5-12]. Applying the same
techniques, we have started systematic study of low-lying structure of Xe isotopes.

㻌㻭㼘㻌㻔㻞㻞㻝㻝㻕

㻝㻢㻝㻠

㻝㻜

㻞㻣

㻷㻌㻔㻝㻠㻢㻝㻕
㻠㻜

㻞㻣

㻝㻜㻜

㻭㼘㻌㻔㻝㻜㻝㻠㻕

㻤㻠㻣

㻝㻜㻜㻜

㻣㻢㻣

㻯㼛㼡㼚㼠㼟

㻝㻜㻜㻜㻜

㻝
㻜

㻡㻜㻜

㻝㻜㻜㻜

㻝㻡㻜㻜

㻞㻜㻜㻜

㻞㻡㻜㻜

㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㼇㼗㼑㼂㼉
Fig. 1. A particle-J coincidence spectrum measured with a Ge detector placed at 90o to thebeam direction. The unit of the J-energy given in the spectrum is keV.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

Chiba University
Chiba Institute of Technology
3
Kyushu University
4
Hiroshima University
2− 30 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

A Coulomb excitation experiment of 134Xe was carried out using a 410-MeV 134Xe beam withthe beam current of about 1.4 pnA. A 16-Pm aluminum target was used for the experiment.
Because of the inverse kinematics, the scattering angle of 134Xe less than 10 degrees.
De-excitation J-rays were measured with a J-ray detector array, GEMINI-II [13], and therecoiled particles with a position sensitive particle detector array, LUNA [14].
Particle-Jcoincidence events were recorded event by event on magnetic tapes. Totally, about 5
106 events were obtained. Figure 1 is a particle-J coincidence spectrum measured with a Ge
detector placed at 90o to the beam direction. No Doppler correction has been done for the
spectrum. Because the scattered Xe particles are not dispersed, the widths of the Xede-excitation J-peaks are narrow (about 16 keV FWHM). Three peaks are identified as 134Xe
de-excitation J-rays: the 766.7-keV 22+ ĺ 21+ transition, the 847.0-keV 21+ ĺ 0+ transition, andthe 1613.8-keV 22+ ĺ 0+ transition. De-excitation J-rays from Al target, which are broader thanthose from 134Xe, are also seen in the spectrum: 843.38-keV 1/21+ ĺ 5/21+ transition,
1014.5-keV 3/22+ ĺ 5/21+ transition, and 2211-keV 7/22+ ĺ 5/21+ transition. Since the neutron
number of 134Xe is close to the magic number, the nucleus is considered to have a sphericalshape. Data analysis of this experiment is in progress.
References[1] D.L. Zhabg and Y.X. Liu, Chin. Phys. Lett. 20 (2003) 1028.
[2] R. Fossin, Dennis Bonatsos, and G..A. Lalazissis, Phys. Rev. C73 (2006) 044310.
[3] K. Alder and A. Winther, Coulomb Excitation (Academic, NewYork, 1966).
[4] K. Alder and A. Winther, Electromagnetic Excitation (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1975).
[5] Y. Toh et al., J. Phys. G 27 (2001) 1475.
[6] Y. Toh et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 9 (2000) 353.
[7] A. Osa, T. Czosnyka, et al., Phys. Lett. B 546 (2002) 48.
[8] M. Zielinska, T. Czosnyka, et al., Nucl. Phys. A 712 (2002) 3.
[9] M. Koizumi, A. Seki, Y. Toh, et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 18 (2003) 87.
[10] M.Sugawara et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 16 (2003) 409.
[11] M. Koizumi et al., Nucl. Phys. A 736 (2003) 46.
[12] T. Hayakawa et al., Phys. Rev. C 67 (2003) 064310.
[13] K. Furuno et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 421 (1999) 211.
[14] Y. Toh et al., Rev. Sci. Inst. 73 (2002) 47-50.

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JAEA-Review

2007-046

E DECAY HALF-LIFE OF 166Eu AND LEVELS IN 166Gd
T.K. SATO1, A. OSA1, M. ASAI1, K. TSUKADA1, H. HAYASHI2, M. SHIBATA3,
Y. KOJIMA4 and S. ICHIKAWA1$E-decay half-life of a new neutron-rich isotope 166Eu produced in the proton-induced fissionof 238U has been determined, using an on-line isotope separator at JAEA. Excited states ofdaughter nuclide 166Gd have been established for the first time. Level energies of the first2+states of even-even Gd isotopes were found to show an irregular behavior at 162Gd andincreasing deformation toward the neutron midshell around N~104.

(a)

Hf

100
Yb

Dy

+

E(2 1)/keV

Er

80
Sm

+

3.35

+

3.3

166

Gd

Gd

Nd

E(4 1)/E(2 1)

A natU target was used in theform of uranium carbide withtarget thickness of 630 mg/cm2.
The target was bombarded by a
33 MeV proton beam with theintensity of about 300 nA.
Fissionproducts
werediffused-out from the target,
and then ionized in asurface-ionization type ion
source. The mass-separated
ions of interest were implanted
into an aluminum-coated Mylar
tape in a tape transport system,and periodically transported toa measuring position. The
measuring
positionwasequipped with a sandwich-type
plastic scintillator for E-ray
measurements, a short coaxial
n-type HPGe detector (ORTEC
LOAX), and a 36% n-type
HPGe
detector(ORTEC

(b)

3.25

96

100

104

108

Neutron Number
Fig. (a) Level energies of the first 2+ states in even-even Nd, Sm,
Gd, Dy, Er, Yb and Hf isotopes. (b) Energy ratios between the 41+
and 21+ states E(41+)/E(21+) for even-even Gd isotopes.

1

JAEA
Nagoya University
3
Nagoya University RIRC
4
Hiroshima University2− 32 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

GAMMA-X). E-J and x/J-J coincidences between these detectors were recorded event by
event together with time information used in a half-life analysis.
In this study, the observed K x rays following the E-decay of the products in the
mass-separated fraction provided direct identification of isotopes. From decay curves of theGd K x ray and assigned J-rays, E-decay half-life of new neutron-rich Eu isotope wasdetermined to be 1.7(4) s for 166Eu. In addition, the observed 69.7(1) and 160.79(4) keV J rays
following the E-decay of 166Eu were assigned to the 2+1 ĺ 0+1, and 4+1 ĺ 2+1 transitions in the
ground state-band of 166Gd, respectively. Therefore, we determined the E(2+) and E(4+)
energies of 166Gd102 which is the most neutron-rich Gd isotope to be 69.7(1) keV and
230.49(10) keV, respectively. The E(2+1) energies of Gd isotopes take the first minimum at
N=98 (162Gd), rises at N=100 (164Gd), and decrease again at N=102 (166Gd). In the previous
decay-studies for Tb isotopes, the same tendency was already found in even-even Dy isotopes[1]. The E(4+1) energies of Gd and Dy isotopes also show the same tendency. Although, thedeformed sub-shell closure expected at N=98 in this region, the second minimum of the first2+1 state of Gd, Dy isotopes exists around N§104 neutron midshell, which is reasonably
explained as the maximum deformation at the midshell.

Reference[1] M. Asai et al., Phys. Rev. C 59 (1999) 306.

− 33 −

JAEA-Review

2.6

2007-046

HIGH-SPIN STATES OF ODD-ODD 174Re NUCLEUS

Y.H. ZHANG 1, S. GUO1, X.H. ZHOU1, M. Long1, M. OSHIMA, Y. TOH, M. KOIZUMI,A. OSA, A. KIMURA, Y. HATSUKAWA, M. SUGAWARA2 and H. KUSAKARI3
In the past few years, efforts have been made in our group to study the band structures ofprolate-deformed odd-odd nuclei at the upper end of rear-earth region [1]. As for the odd-odd
174
Re, the high-spin data are scarce; the level scheme accepted in Ref. [2] deviates evidently
from the systematics [1], and it could not be confirmed in the recent work using the159
Tb(20Ne,5nJ)174Re reaction [3]. Therefore, we have performed an in-beam J-spectroscopy
experiment to study the high-spin states of 174Re using the 152Sm(27Al,5nJ)174Re reaction.
The 27Al beam was provided by the JAEA tandem accelerator and impinged on an enriched152
Sm metallic foil of 2.0 mg/cm2 thickness with a 10mg/cm2 Pb backing. The J-ray detection
array consisted of 13 large volume HPGe's with BGO anti-Compton shields. J-ray excitation
functions were measured at 125-, 132-, and 140-MeV beam energies and the J-J coincidence
measurement was performed at 140-MeV beam energy. A total of 2u108 J-J coincidence
events were accumulated in this experiment and analyzed in a same way as described in Ref.
[1].
The level scheme of 174Re have been constructed and shown in Fig. 1. The bands reported inRef. [3] have been confirmed and extended significantly. Bands 3 and 5 were newly identified
in this work. Of most importance, the present work has established spectroscopic connection
between bands 1 and 2 due to a number of inter-band transitions. According to systematics [1],spin-and-parity assignment and quasiparticle configurations have been proposed and indicatedin Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 Partial level scheme of 174Re deduced from the present work.
1

Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, Lanzhou, China
Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0023, Japan
3
Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8512, Japan2− 34 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

We have plotted the quantity S(I) (defined as in [1]) as a function of spin for bands 1 and 2 inFig. 2. The (15) levels are corrected by 2 keV considering the level interaction effect. In sucha plot, the points (associated with levels I’s) that have negative values are energeticallyfavored over those with positive ones. The expected favored signatures are 1 and 0 for bands
1 and band 2, corresponding to the odd and even spin sequences, respectively. It can be seenin this figure that, it is the unfavored-signature branches that are favored energetically at low
and medium spins rather than the expected favored ones. Such a behavior has been referred toas the low-spin signature inversion. With increasing angular momentum, the inverted
signature splitting becomes decreasing, and the two signature branches cross with each otherat the high spins beyond which normal signature splitting is observed. The low-spin signature
inversion in 174Re fits well into systematics as as presented in Ref. [1].
Further analysis is still in progress and the final result will be published in a coming article.

Fig. 2 Plot of signature splitting S ( I ) vs I for (a) the Sh9/2 Qi13/2 band and (b) theSh11/2 Qi13/2 band in 174Re. The arrow indicates the signature inversion spin.

References[1] Y. H. Zhang et al, Phys. Rev. C68 (2003) 054313.
[2] R. B. Firestone et al,. Table of Isotopes (8th edition) Vol. II (1995) 2071.
[3] Y. H. Zhang et al., Eur. Phys. J. A7 (2000)19.

− 35 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Counts

40000

20000

0
100

− 36 −

200

300
400
Energy (keV)

500

JAEA-Review

2007-046

2.8 PRODUCTION OF LONG-LIVED 186mRe FOR LASER ABLATIONLASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
H. IIMURA, M. KOIZUMI, M. MIYABE, M. OHBA, Y. ISHIDA1, andT. HORIGUCHI2
The rhenium isotopes (Z=75) with mass number around A=180 are of particular interest
because these nuclei have been theoretically predicted to have axially asymmetricdeformation. Mean square charge radii obtained by high-resolution laser spectroscopy aresensitive information on the deformation of nuclei. However, the laser spectroscopy of Re
isotopes have not been made except stable isotopes 185,187Re. Radioactive isotopes have yet
to be measured mainly because Re is one of refractory elements and hard to be atomized. In
this work we use laser ablation to atomize Re sample, and then ablated atoms are irradiatedby tunable dye laser for the fluorescence detection. We set long-lived 186mRe (T1/2=2u105 y)
as the first candidate to be measured by using this method. So far the known production
method of 186mRe is thermal neutron capture, but this can not be used for laser spectroscopy
because the irradiated sample contains stable Re isotopes which mask the fluorescence fromthe trace amount of 186mRe. Thus we use 186W(p,n) reaction to produce 186mRe, although the
production yield of this reaction has not been known. As the first step of the experiment wehave estimated this yield.
A 98.2%-enriched 186W powder was used as a target. It was pressed into a disk-shaped pellet
with a thickness of 650 mg/cm2. The target was irradiated with 13.0 MeV protons at a beam
current of approximately 0.8 PA. The irradiation continued for about 18 h. After three years ofcooling period, J-ray measurements were carried out with a Ge detector. It is known that the
only strong J-transition following the decay of 186mRe is the 137.2-keV transition in 186Os(Z=76). From the measurements, we found that this transition overlapped with the 136.5-keVtransition of 57Co, which was produced from Fe impurity in the target. By subtracting thecontribution from 57Co, we determined the count rate of the 137.2-keV J-ray, which was thenused to estimate the number of 186mRe atoms. As a result, the yield of 186mRe was calculated
to be 4x1011 atoms. This yield can be compared with that of 184mRe (165 d), which was
produced simultaneously from 184W contained in the target with 1.7%. From the intensity of
105-keV isomeric transition in 184mRe, the yield of 184mRe after the irradiation was obtained
to be 1x109 atoms, which corresponds to 7x1010 atoms when the number of target 184W atoms
is the same as 186W. Although the spin of 186mRe has yet to be established, roughly
comparable values of the production yields for the (p,n) reactions could support that 186mRe
has the same spin as 184mRe (I=8).
In order to do laser spectroscopy with this yield we are now improving the sensitivity of our
set up for laser ablation laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. One thing in progress ischemical separation of Re from irradiated W target, which is expected to be effective for
reducing the background from the scattered laser light. This is also preferable for J-ray
measurements, and more precise production yield of 186mRe could be obtained.
1Institute for Physical and Chemical Research, RIKEN
2Hiroshima International University− 37 −

JAEA-Review

2.9

2007-046

BAND PROPERTIES OF THE TRANSITIONAL NUCLEUS 187Pt

X.H. ZHOU1, M. OSHIMA, Y. TOH, M. KOIZUMI, A. OSA, Y. HATSUKAWA,
Y.H. ZHANG 1 and M. SUGAWARA2
The neutron-deficient Pt-Hg nuclei are well known to exhibit shape coexistence phenomenon[1], which has provided the motivation for extensive studies both experimentally andtheoretically. In the even-A Pt isotopes from A=170 to A=190 [1], nuclear structure studies
have presented strong evidence for the shape coexistence at low energy. The spectroscopic
information of 187Pt is of particular interest as it lies between the two nuclei 186Pt and 188Pt
where the change in collective structure should be most drastic.
Band 1
49/2

�Band 3
47/2 �

787.0

45/2�
719.5

45/2�
678.0
Structure 2

41/2�

41/2�

Structure 3

�
43/2
736.5
Structure 4
39/2

263.8

665.5

41/2

Band 5
�

41/2�

37/2
�
719.8
39/2
700.6
(39/2� )
355.2
697.5
379.0
37/2
37/2
556.8
264.1 644.0
�
�
781.0
�
359.3
35/2
39/2 369.8
35/2
�
37/2�
37/2
37/2
591.6
Band 2
306.0
37/2�
515.1
35/2
830.5
35/2
402.0
�
35/2
372.2 746.0
645.0
35/2�
320.6
33/2�
548.7
534.8
535.8
610.5
595.7
339.0
33/2 712.5
609.6
636.2 390.1
Band 4
704.0
631.7
33/2
35/2�
�
480.1
33/2
33/2
310.5
31/2
31/2
504.5
33/2�
�
542.0
�
587.9
264.0
�
33/2
31/2
�
585.0
31/2 436.0
294.1 �
31/2
33/2
267.9
294.6
�
31/2�
519.6
31/2
29/2
390.9 274.0
31/2�
460.0
520.1
513.8
�
29/2
359.1
973.6
29/2 475.8
31/2
31/2�
521.6
359.4 509.1
225.8
252.2
348.2 562.1
29/2
201.6
29/2�
27/2�
779.7 29/2
29/2�
550.7
481.4
27/2
601.5 709.6
27/2�
401.7
377.8
666.3
653.0
229.2
25/2�
�
202.6
�
313.1
25/2
411.6
427.2
530.8
27/2
486.6
1130.2
29/2�
�
523.8
27/2
257.0
27/2�
537.3
25/2
635.0
334.4
23/2 �
25/2
224.0
546.6
631.0
928.5
25/2� � 23/2 �
289.6
379.1
23/2
646.5
23/2
�
56.6
595.6
238.6
�
21/2
21/2�
519.8
182.0
576.7
569.7
638.6
628.1
223.7
21/2
400.0
577.4
�
25/2�
� 287.0563.8
207.0 248.8 � 490.0
23/2�
21/2
19/2
�
21/2
445.3
17/2
530.6
19/2 504.7
715.0
847.0 19/2
281.6
535.5 276.7
17/2�
755.2
17/2�
550.1 510.0 553.4
489.9 515.2
463.0
258.7
�
904.0
21/2�
17/2
�
19/2
502.2
15/2�
466.6
15/2
944.0
243.5
13/2�
707.4
463.0
13/2�
386.5
437.7 397.6 437.8
463.8
�
�
�
220.1
17/2
11/2
15/2
388.6
�
11/2
194.5
301.8
296.0 �290.7 262.0
9/2�
205.0 425.1 �
7/2
9/2
13/2�
373.5
3/2�
311 � s 11/2�
280.3
203
168.4 7/2� 18ns
115.6 3/2�181.3 3/2� 190.7 164.9 204.2 178.8
174
5/2�
25
57
3/2 � 2.35h
0Structure 1

Fig.1. The level scheme of 187Pt.

The excited states in 187Pt were populated via the 173Yb(18O, 4n) reaction. The 18O beams atenergies of 78 and 85 MeV were provided by the tandem accelerator at the Japan Atomic
Energy Agency. Standard in-beam spectroscopic measurements were carried out.
Assignments of the observed new J rays to 187Pt were based on the coincidences with the
known J rays [2]. Based on the analysis of J-J coincidence relationships, a complicated level
scheme for 187Pt has been proposed and presented in Fig. 1.
The i13/2 configuration has been assigned to band 1. One of the interesting findings in thepresent work is the observation of the unfavored signature branch up to high spin, while in theheavier odd-A Pt nuclei only was a short sequence observed [2]. The first band crossing forthe i13/2 band should be resulted from the alignment of a pair of i13/2 neutrons (BC and AD
crossings) due to the appreciable negative J deformation. The i13/2 band displays very large
signature splitting in the whole spin region observed experimentally. We have proposed that it
1
2

Institute of Modern Physics, P. R. China
Chiba Institute of Technology− 38 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

is the negative values of J and E4 that cause this phenomenon. The TRS calculations indicatethat the i13/2 configurations have large and negative equilibrium hexadecapole deformation of
about -0.04. A large negative value of E4 can bunch the single particle levels and brings thelow-: orbits closer to the Fermi surface. The triaxiality can induce a similar effect.

1.0Band 2

B(M1)/B(E2) (

N

2

2

/e b )

1.3

2

1.6

0.7

�7/2 - [503]0.4

�7/2 - [503] �( � h 9/2) 2
�7/2 - [514]

0.1
-0.2

0

5

�7/2- [503]�( � i 13/2 ) 2

10
I(h)

15

20

Fig.2. Experimental B(M1)/B(E2) ratios as a function of initial
spin I for the 7/2-[503] band, and theoretical predictions.
The band-head spin and parity of band 2 were assigned to be 7/2- [2]. This strongly coupledband experiences a sharp backbending at ƫȦ=0.25 MeV with gain of 7.0ƫ in alignment. The
B(M1)/B(E2) ratios for a coupled band have been proven to be quite useful in characterizing
the specific intrinsic orbit and the quasi-particles associated with band crossing. The
experimental data is shown in Fig.2 together with theoretical estimates obtained fromsemiclassical formulae. The detailed information for the calculation was presented in ref. [3].
As clearly shown in Fig. 2, the experimental values are well reproduced by the configurationof 7/2-[503], while the calculated values associated with the 7/2-[514] configuration are far
below the experimental observations. Therefore, we propose that band 2 is based on the rather
pure 7/2-[503] configuration. We examined the effects of J variations on the theoretical ratios,
and found that the 7/2-[503] configuration is strongly preferred in the J interval from -20o to+20o. The experimental B(M1)/B(E2) ratios for the 7/2-[503] band show a pronounced
increase of a factor of 2 in the band crossing region. In the mass region of the present interest,
the i13/2 neutrons and h9/2 protons should be responsible for the band crossing. As shown in
Fig.2, the two alignments result in opposite trends in the B(M1)/B(E2) values after the
crossing. Therefore, the experimentally observed increase in the B(M1)/B(E2) ratios strongly
suggest that the band crossing is due to the h9/2 proton alignment.
Band 4 is built on the ground state with the 3/2-[512] Nilsson configuration. The alignment
process of band 4 is closely similar with that of the 7/2-[503] band, and the band crossing islikely caused by the h9/2 proton alignment.
Band 5 has a decoupled structure. We propose that band 5 is associated with the 1/2-[521]configuration. It is very possible that the band crossing of band 5 was caused by the alignmentof h9/2 protons.
References[1] D. T. Joss, et al., Phys. Rev. C74 (2006) 014302.
[2] B. Roussiere et al., Nucl. Phys. A548 (1992) 227.
[3] X. H. Zhou, et al., Phys. Rev. C75 (2007) 034314.

− 39 −

JAEA-Review

2.10

2007-046

GAMMA-RAYS IN NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI 236 Th AND 242 U

T. ISHII, H. MAKII, M. ASAI, H. KOURA, S. SHIGEMATSU1 , K. TSUKADA,
A. TOYOSHIMA, M. MATSUDA, A. MAKISHIMA2 , T. SHIZUMA, J. KANEKO3 ,H. TOUME4 , I. HOSSAIN5 , S. ICHIKAWA, T. KOHNO1 and M. OGAWA3

The ground-state bands of neutron-rich nuclei 236 Th and 242 U were established by in-beam
γ-ray spectroscopy using the (18 O, 20 Ne) two-proton pickup reactions with a 238 U and a 244 Pu
target. Deexcitation γ rays in 236 Th and 242 U were identiﬁed by selecting the kinetic energies
of 20 Ne using Si ΔE-E detectors. An E-ΔE plot obtained from the 236 Th experiment isshown in Fig. 1. Figures 2 (a) and (b) show γ-ray spectra obtained by setting the gates on
20
Ne with the kinetic energies in the region (a) and (b) in Fig. 1, respectively. In Fig. 2 (a),almost equally spaced transitions of 112, 169, 224 and 273 keV were observed. In Fig. 2(b), γ rays in the ground-state band of 234 Th, which were identiﬁed previously [1,2], wereobserved. Since the reaction Q-values for the region (b) are lower than those for the region(a) by 12 MeV, excitation energy in 236 Th for the region (b) is high enough to evaporate
two neutrons. The observation of γ rays in 234 Th for the region (b) suggests that the γrays coincident with the region (a) are the deexcitation γ rays in 236 Th. Following the same
analysis, we have identiﬁed γ rays in 242 U produced by the 244 Pu(18 O, 20 Ne) reaction. Notethat the cross section of the two-proton pickup reactions were on the order of μb. Assumingthat those γ rays form the ground-state rotational bands, we have established level schemesof 236 Th and 242 U up to spin 10 and 8, respectively, shown in Fig. 3. Although the 2+ → 0+ γtransitions were not observed because of the large internal conversion coeﬃcients, αT > 300,
we can estimate these energies precisely from the moments of inertia deduced from the higher
levels.
(a)

169

Th- γ

273

236

224

40

Th-Kα
112

Counts /1keV

60

20

Fig. 1. E-ΔE plot of scattered nuclei measured by a Si ΔE-E detector in the reactionof a 200-MeV 18 O beam with a 238 U target.
The dashed line represents a calculated
energy loss for 20 Ne nuclei.

(b)

173

234

228

40

Th- γ

278

Counts /1keV

Th-Kα

0

20

0
0

100

200
300
γ-ray Energy (keV)

400

Fig. 2. γ-ray spectra obtained by setting
the gates on 20 Ne with the kinetic energies in the regions (a) and (b) in Fig. 1,
respectively.

—————————————
Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2 National Defense Medical College,
3
Komazawa University, 4 Ibaraki University, 5 Osaka University
1− 40 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

We have established ﬁve new data of the ﬁrst 2+ energies, E(2+1 ), by a series of our in-beam
γ-ray study of neutron-rich nuclei 236 Th, 240,242 U, 246 Pu and 250 Cm [3,4]. By extending the+systematics of E(2+1 ), we have found that the E(21 ) values in U and Pu have local minima
at N ∼ 146. This fact suggests the possibility of the spherical shell closure of N = 164 in
the U region as an opposite side of the spherical shell closure of N = 126. Calculation of
single particle levels using the Koura-Yamada (KY) potential [5] supports this suggestion.
This calculation gives 1.8 MeV energy gaps both at N = 164 and at Z = 92 for 256 U. Theseenergy gaps are comparable size to those calculated by the KY potential for an expecteddoubly-magic superheavy nucleus of 298 114 (2.5 MeV at N = 184 and 1.6 MeV at Z = 114),
and are about half of those for a typical doubly magic nucleus of 208 Pb.




































NH9







 7K









NH9


 8

Fig. 3 . Level schemes of 236 Th and 242 U. The γ-ray and level energies are in units of keV.
The 2+ energies in 236 Th and 242 U were estimated to be 48.4(3) and 47.8(3) keV, respectively,from the higher energy levels.

References[1] K. E. Rehm, D. Frekers, T. Humanic et al., ANL-83-25 (1983) 91.
[2] J. Gerl, Ch. Ender, D. Habs et al., Phys. Rev. C 39 (1989) 1145.
[3] T. Ishii, S. Shigematsu, M. Asai et al., Phys. Rev. C 72 (2005) 021301(R).
[4] T. Ishii, S. Shigematsu, H. Makii et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75 (2006) 043201.
[5] H. Koura and M. Yamada, Nucl. Phys. A671 (2000) 96.

− 41 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

2.11 ALPHA FINE STRUCTURE MEASUREMENT FOR 255 No
M. ASAI, K. TSUKADA, Y. ISHII, A. TOYOSHIMA, T. ISHII, I. NISHINAKA and
Y. NAGAME
Fine structure of α spectra provides rich information on nuclear level structure. Excitedstates in daughter nuclei are established through measured α transition energies, and spinparities and single-particle conﬁgurations are estimated from deduced hindrance factors of
α transitions. For short-lived heavy actinide and transactinide nuclei, however, no precise
data of α ﬁne structure have been obtained, because the coincidence summing eﬀect between α particles and subsequently emitted internal conversion electrons, Auger electrons,
and low-energy X rays signiﬁcantly distorts the measured α particle spectra. Placing Si
detectors at a longer source-to-detector distance than usual ones, one can achieve a better
energy resolution of α peaks as well as reduce the inﬂuence of the coincidence summing
eﬀect. Under such condition, we have measured α ﬁne structure of a short-lived heavy
actinide nucleus 255 No very precisely.
The nucleus 255 No was produced by the 248 Cm(12 C, 5n) reaction. The beam energy was
77 MeV on target. Reaction products were transported by a He jet into a rotating wheel
α-detection system, and deposited on a thin foil eighty of which were set on the wheel [1].
The wheel rotated at 90-s intervals, and moved the deposited sources to six consecutive
detector stations each of which was equipped with a Si PIN photodiode detector (18 ×18 mm2 active area). The ﬁrst four detectors were placed at a source-to-detector distanceof 12.2 mm, and 17 mmφ apertures were set in front of them. The eﬃciency of each of thedetectors was 10%. The last two detectors were placed at a source-to-detector distanceof 2.2 mm whose eﬃciencies were 40%. The last two detectors were only used to obtain“distorted” α spectra to see the inﬂuence of the coincidence summing eﬀect.
Figure 1 shows a sum of α-particle spectra measured with the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th detectors.
Three intense α lines were observed at 7748, 7909, and 8100 keV which correspond to thetransitions to the 1/2+ [620], 1/2+ [631], and 5/2+ [622] states in 251 Fm, respectively. Theseα transitions were also observed in previous α-singles and α-γ experiments [2-4]. On theother hand, some weak α lines were clearly observed for the ﬁrst time at the low-energy
side of the intense peaks, owing to the good energy resolution and small low-energy
tailing of the measured α peaks. The α transitions to the 9/2− [734] ground state andthe ﬁrst excited 11/2− state in the 9/2− [734] band were also observed separately. Alphatransition energies and branching intensities were determined without the inﬂuence of thecoincidence summing eﬀect.
On the basis of the present and the previous α-γ coincidence results [4], we have established a more detailed level scheme of 251 Fm (Fig. 2) than the previous one [4]. Rotational
bands built on the 1/2+ [620], 1/2+ [631], and 5/2+ [622] states were established for the ﬁrst
time. Hindrance factors for all the α transitions observed are very similar to those in the
α decays of the lighter N = 153 isotones 253 Fm and 251 Cf. The moment of inertia of eachrotational band is also similar to those in neighboring nuclei. These results conﬁrm thepresent spin-parity and Nilsson orbital assignments in Fig. 2.
− 42 −

2007-046

8100

JAEA-Review

7500

No

+

+

D singles

9/2

7/2+



11/2
g.s. 9/2[734]

+

+
+

7/2

255

0

255

5/2 [622]

7909 3/2 ; 1/2 [631]7748 1/2+[620]
250

+

Fm

5/2
+
3/2

50
Md

Counts / 5 keV

100

8000
D-particle Energy (keV)

8500

Fig. 1. Alpha-singles spectrum of 255 No.
1/2+[620] 1/2+
255
+

163.3

16
19
3.4
30

395.4

13

+

392.0

1/2

+

195.3

461(3)

9/2

+

7/2

11/2-

301(3)

63

243(3)
200.09

70

63.9

430

0

4100

21.1 Ps

63.9

200.09 M2

5/2+[622] 5/2+-

604(4)
579(5)
558.7+

191.91

1/2 [631]

No153

3/2

7/2
+

166.7

+

358.5

5/2
3/2+
+
1/2 [620] 1/2+

0-

9/2 [734] 9/2

251

Fm151

D

34

HF

Fig. 2. Level scheme of 251 Fm established on the basis of the present
and the previous α-γ coincidence results [4].
References[1] Y. Nagame, M. Asai, H. Haba, S. Goto, K. Tsukada, I. Nishinaka, K. Nishio, S.
Ichikawa, A. Toyoshima, K. Akiyama, H. Nakahara, M. Sakama, M. Schädel, J. V.
Kratz, H. W. Gäggeler and A. Türler, J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci. 3 (2002) 85.
[2] C. E. Bemis, Jr., D. C. Hensley, P. F. Dittner, C. D. Goodman and R. J. Silva,
ORNL-4706 (1971) 62.
[3] F. P. Heßberger, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P.
Kuusiniemi, M. Leino, B. Lommel, R. Mann, K. Nishio, A. G. Popeko, B. Sulignano,S. Saro, B. Streicher, M. Venhart and A. V. Yeremin, Eur. Phys. J. A 29 (2006) 165.
[4] M. Asai, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, A. Toyoshima, T. Ishii, Y. Nagame, I. Nishinaka,
T. Ichikawa, Y. Kojima and K. Sueki, JAEA-Review 2006-029 (2006) 41.

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2007-046

CHAPTER 3
Nuclear Reactions

3.1

Direct Measurement of the Astrophysical Nuclear Reaction Rate of
the 8Li (d, t) 7Li Reaction

3.2

Measurement of Spectroscopic Factor & Spin-Parity on 62Ni (d, p) 63Ni* Reactionin Inverse Kinematics

3.3

Measurement of Quasi-Elastic Backscattering for 64Ni + 118Sn

3.4

Quasi-Elastic Backward Scattering in 76Ge + 208Pb, 209Bi

3.5

Measurement of Fission Cross-Sections for 34S + 238U

3.6

Correlation between D-Particle Emission and Fission in the18O + 244Pu Reaction− 45 −

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JAEA-Review

3.1

2007-046

DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE ASTROPHYSICAL NUCLEAR
REACTION RATE OF THE 8Li (d, t) 7Li REACTION

H. ISHIYAMA 1, T. HASHIMOTO, Y.X. WATANABE1, Y. HIRAYAMA1, N. IMAI1, M.H. TANAKA1,
Y. FUCHI1, N. YOSHIKAWA1, H. MIYATAKE1, S.C. JEONG1, M. OKADA1, S. ARAI1,
H. KAWAKAMI1, I. KATAYAMA1, T. NOMURA1, S. MITSUOKA, K. NISHIO, M. MATSUDA, A. OSA,
T.K. SATO, S. ICHIKAWA, H. IKEZOE, S.K. DAS2, Y. MIZOI2, T. FUKUDA2 and T. SHIMODA3

The nuclear reactions via 8Li are thought to play important roles for nucleosynthesis at theearly stage of rapid neutron capture (r-) process [1] and the early universe [2] in neutron-richenvironment. A systematic study for astrophysical nuclear reaction rates via 8Li is in progressat the tandem facility of JAEA. Excitation functions of 8Li(d, p), (d, t), (d, D) reactions havebeen measured. The 8Li(d, t) and (d, D) reactions destroy 8Li nuclei and prevent production ofheavier elements than lithium. Direct measurements of these reactions were performed by M.J.
Balbes et al. at University of Notre Dam [3]. But measured excitation functions did not cover
the energy region of astrophysical interest. In this report, the excitation function andastrophysical nuclear reaction rate of the 8Li(d, t) reaction in the interest energy region arepresented.
The 8Li beam provided at 7 different energies, Ecm = 1.1, 1.0, 0.8, 0.7, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 MeV, by
the Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex (TRIAC) was irradiated on a 1.4 Pm thick
CD2 foil. The typical intensity and the energy resolution of the 8Li beam were 1105 pps and3%(FWHM), respectively. The detector system consisted of a 'E-E telescope (45mm45mm,
a 43 Pm thick double sided stripped Si detector and 375 Pm thick Si detector), two Si
detectors (18mm18mm), two single stripped Si detectors (50mm50mm) to detect
reaction products, and a plastic scintillator to monitor the intensity of the 8Li beam. The
angular distributions of the reaction were obtained at 7 different energies. The total crosssections were determined taking into account the obtained angular distributions.
Figure 1 shows the measured excitation function of the 8Li(d, t)7Li reaction. The present
experiment provides the first data of the cross sections below Ecm = 1.2 MeV and covers
almost all of the Gamow peaks from T9 = 1 to 3. Unexpected large cross sections wereobserved around Ecm = 0.8 MeV. The large cross section may suggest the existence of one ormore unknown excited states around 22.4 MeV in 10Be. Figure 2 shows the obtained
1

Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK
Osaka Electro-Communication University
3 Osaka University2− 47 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

astrophysical reaction rate. It is about ten times larger than the expected one [3].

Reaction rate (cm3/sec)

Fig.1. Excitation function of the 8Li(d, t)7Li reaction. The closed circles and square show thepresent results. The square was obtained using the 8Li beam provided by a recoil mass
separator before operation of the TRIAC. The open triangles show the results by M.J.
Balbes [3].

10

9

10

8

10

7

10

6

10

5

10

4

10

3

Present
M.J.Balbes

0.5

8

1

1.5

T9

2

2.5

3

7

Fig.2. Reaction rate of the Li(d, t) Li. The solid line shows the present result. The dashed line

shows the expected rate by M.J. Balbes [3].
References[1] M. Terasawa, K. Sumiyoshi, T. Kajino, I. Tanihhata, et al., Nucl. Phys. A688 (2001) 581c.
[2] T. Kajino and R.N. Boyd, Astrophys. J. 359 (1990) 267.
[3] M.J. Balbes, M.M. Farrell, R.N. Boyd, X. Gu, et al., Nucl. Phys. A584 (1995) 315.
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JAEA-Review

3.2

2007-046

MEASUREMENT OF SPECTROSCOPIC FACTOR & SPIN-PARITY
ON 62Ni(d,p)63Ni* REACTION IN INVERSE KINEMATICS

K.H. TSHOO1, N. IMAI2, S.C. JEONG2, H. BHANG1, S. CHOI1, T. HASHIMOTO,
Y. HIRAYAMA2, T. ISHII, H. ISHIYAMA2, S. MITSUOKA,
H. MIYATAKE2, K. NISHIO and Y.X. WATANABE2
The overproduction of Ni isotope has been a long standing problem in the calculation of sprocess nucleosynthesis in massive star [1]. The origin of overproduction is considered to be
due to the uncertainties in the nuclear physics input parameters such as MACS(Maxwellian
averaged cross section) of the Ni isotope [2]. The largest overproduction in the survey by
Rauscher et al. was 62Ni [2]. In theoretical calculation on 62Ni(n,Ȗ)63Ni* reaction, nonresonant
direct p-wave neutron capture process is dominant contribution. This contribution is entirely
due to the capture in the 1/2+ state at Ex=2.955 MeV, where Ex indicates excited energy [3].
Recently, the neutron capture cross section of 62Ni was measured at stellar energies [4].
However the predicted direct p-wave capture process was not oberved [4].
Theoretical calculation was based on the nuclear structure data. The spectroscopic factor of
the 1/2+ state of 63Ni at Ex=2.955 MeV is determined by Anfinsen et al.(1970). Since theexperimental angular distribution at Ex=2.955 MeV is very different from DWBA analysis,
its spectroscopic factor and spin-party are considered to be questionable.
In the present experiment, we have measured the angular distributions of the cross sections
on 62Ni(d,p)63Ni reaction in the inverse kinematics by using CD2 target at the JAEA tandem
accelerator facility. The background protons were predicted to be produced by the fusion
reaction with carbon in the CD2 target. In order to estimate the background quantitatively, we
performed another measurement with a C target. Through the comparison of the protonenergy spectra with the CD2 and carbon targets, the background can be removed. The 62Ni13+
beam was accelerated up to 3.5 MeV/nucleon by the tandem accelerator. The thicknesses of
CD2 target was 130 Pg/cm2. Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of the experimental setup.
Two SSD telescopes of 50x50 mm2 were mounted to detect recoiled particles. The angularregions covered by the telescopes were from 48.9 to 71.1 degrees and from 97.7 to 162.4
degrees in the laboratory frame, respectively. The forward telescope consisted of 0.325 mm1
2

Seoul National University
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)− 49 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

thick SSD and 16x16-channels doubly sided striped SSD of 1mm-thickness, while thebackward telescope was composed of 16-channels singly sided stripped SSD of 65 Pmthickness and 0.325 mm thick SSD. In addition to the telescopes, we placed an annular type
SSD of 0.3 mm thickness, which was divided to 10 strips along radial axis. This detector
covered angular region from 13.6 to 36.8 degrees.

Fig1. A schematic view of the experimental setup

Fig2. Proton energy spectra measured by a strip of the
backward telescope. See the text for details.

The solid line in Fig. 2 shows the proton energy spectrum measured by a strip of the backward
telescope with the CD2 target, while the dashed line indicates the spectrum with the carbon target
normalized by the number of protons in the energy range from 6MeV to 8MeV. The shapes ofsolid line and dashed line are almost same above 6MeV. It is clearly seen that the tail of theCD2 spectrum at higher energy region is background coming from the carbon. The spectroscopic
factor and spin-parity of the exited state of 63Ni at Ex=2.955 MeV will be determined through the
DWBA analysis of the measured angular distribution of 62Ni(d,p)63Ni*.
References[1] F.X. Timmes, S.E .Woosley, and T.A. Weaver, ApJS98 (1995) 617.
[2] T. Rauscher, A. Heger, R.D. Hoffman, and S.E. Woosley, ApJ576 (2002) 323.
[3] T. Rauscher, and K.H. Guber, Phys. Rev. C66 (2002) 028802.
[4] A. Tomyo et al., ApJ623 (2005) L153.

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JAEA-Review

3.3

2007-046

MEASUREMENT OF QUASI-ELASTIC BACKSCATTERING FOR 64 Ni+118 Sn
Y.X. WATANABE 1, S. MITSUOKA, K. NISHIO, S.C. JEONG1, T. HASHIMOTO,
Y. HIRAYAMA1, N. IMAI1, H. ISHIYAMA1, H. MIYATAKE1 and H. IKEZOE

In the entrance channel of the fusion process, the projectile nucleus gets over a barrier
generated by the Coulomb potential and the nuclear potential, and then is captured by thetarget nucleus. They undergo the non-equilibrium process, forming a compound nucleus or
getting apart from each other as deep-inelastic scattering or quasi-fission. The entrance barrier
may be modified by the tunnel effect, collective excitations, and nucleon transfer channels.
The effect of collective excitations is well described by coupled channel formalism [1], but
the effect of nucleon transfer channels still remains an open question. The fusion crosssections of 40 Ca+ 96 Zr were measured at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, and they
showed an extraordinary enhancement than those of 40 Ca+ 90 Zr at energies below the
Coulomb barriers [2]. It was suggested due to the neutron transfer channels with positive
Q-values. However, in the fusion-evaporation cross sections for the systems of 132 Sn+ 64 Ni
and 124 Sn+ 64 Ni measured at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [3], the former did notshow any enhancements of the cross sections although it has 5 neutron stripping
channels with positive Q-values.
In order to investigate a possible effect of neutron transfer channels on fusion reactions,
we intended to deduce the barrier distributions by detecting quasi-elastic
backscattering for two combinations of isotopes which form the same compound
nucleus in the fusion reaction; one has several neutron transfer channels with positive
Q-values and the other has no channels. Comparing the barrier distributions and fusion
excitation functions between the two systems would give information about the effectof the neutron transfer channels on the process before the collision and on the
non-equilibrium process after the collision in the fusion reaction. We adopted the twosystems of 64 Ni+ 118 Sn and 58 Ni+ 124 Sn, which form the same compound nucleus 182 Pt.
The former has no neutron transfer channels with positive Q-values, while the latterhas 9 channels. The fusion excitation functions of them have been measured [4], so we
can compare them with the deduced barrier distributions.
In FY2006, we performed the measurement for the system of 64 Ni+ 118 Sn. Using thetandem accelerator and the superconducting booster linac, 64 Ni beams were accelerated,
1

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)− 51 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

and impinged on the 118 Sn target, which were made on the carbon film by sputtering
method with the thickness of about 100 ȝg/cm2 . The quasi-elastic backscatteredparticles were detected by solid state detectors located at angles of 162° and 172° to thebeam direction. Varying the voltages of the superconducting booster linac, beamenergies were altered between 215 and 260 MeV by 1.5 MeV step. Correcting thecentrifugal potential for each energy and each angle, the excitation function of thequasi-elastic backscattering for 56
incident energies was obtained and thebarrier distribution was deduced from thefirst order derivative of the excitation
function. Figure 1 shows the differential
quasi-elastic cross sections relative to
Rutherford and the barrier distribution.
The barrier distribution of 64 Ni+ 118 Sn has
an extent corresponding to the estimationfrom the Stelson model [5], which is aphenomenological one dealing with theeffect of the neutron transfer channels.
The result suggests no large contributionof the neutron transfer channels to theentrance channel of the fusion reaction
for that system. In FY2007, we will
perform the measurement for the systemof 58 Ni+ 124 Sn where 9 neutron transfer
channels have positive Q-values, andcompare the barrier distributions andfusion cross sections between two
systems.

Fig. 1. The ratio of the differential quasi-elastic
scattering cross sections relative to Rutherford(dıqel/dıR) (upper panel) and deduced barrier
distribution (D(Ecm)) (lower panel) for 64Ni+118Sn.
The

abscissa indicates

theenergy inthecenter-of-mass system. Dashed line shows thebarrier distribution from the Stelson model [5].

References[1] C.H. Dasso et al., Nucl. Phys. A405 (1983) 381.
[2] H. Timmers et al., Phys. Lett. B399 (1997) 35.
[3] J.F. Liang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 029903.
[4] K.T. Lesko et al., Phys. Rev. C34 (1986) 2155.
[5] P.H. Stelson, Phys. Lett. 205 (1988) 190.

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JAEA-Review

3.4

2007-046

QUASI-ELASTIC BACKWARD SCATTERING IN 76Ge+208Pb, 209Bi

S. MITSUOKA, H. IKEZOE, K. NISHIO, S.C. JEONG1 and Y.X. WATANABE1

Coulomb barrier distribution in heavy-ion reaction gives us important information about theinteraction potential for nucleus-nucleus collision. Especially, the barrier height is a key
quantity for the synthesis of super-heavy elements by cold fusion reactions, because theincident energy is selected in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. Up to now, the Bass potential
has been frequently used to estimate the Coulomb barrier height. However, there is noexperimental evidence that the Bass barrier height is applicable to such massive projectile andtarget systems. The Coulomb barrier distribution could be experimentally derived fromquasi-elastic (QE) scattering measured at backward angles of nearly 180 degree, where
head-on collision is dominant. We adopted this method in the reactions of 76Ge+208Pb and76
Ge+209Bi, relating to Pb/Bi-based cold fusion for the production of super-heavy elements
Z=114 and 115, respectively.
Enriched targets of 208Pb and 209Bi in the form of a strip (3 mm width in horizontal plane) werebombarded by 76Ge beam from the tandem-booster accelerator in the energy steps of 1.5 MeV.
The backward QE scattering was detected by solid state detectors at the laboratory angles of
172, -168and 162, and the Rutherford scattering was monitored at 45with respect tothe beam axis. Here the negative sign means the counterclockwise rotation in the reaction plane.
The barrier distributions were obtained by taking the first derivative of the QE excitation
function QE(E) relative to the Rutherford scattering R(E), that is -d{QE(E) /R(E)}/dE.
Detailed analysis is in progress for QE cross sections where deep-inelastic scattering should be
excluded by considering the reaction Q-values of inelastic and transfer channels.
We have systematically extracted the barrier distributions in 48Ti, 54Cr, 56Fe, 64Ni and70
Zn+208Pb relating to cold fusion for Z=104, 106, 108, 110 and 112, respectively. It was foundthat the mean values of the barrier distributions showed a deviation from the Bass barrierheight by amount of 4-7 MeV toward the low energy side. It has been considered so far that theextensively small cross sections of super-heavy elements synthesized at GSI and RIKEN were
due to the entrance channel effect, because the excitation functions of one-neutron (1n)evaporation channel had the peak below the Bass barrier. However, the present data show the1n peak position is not in the sub-barrier region. In 48Ti+208Pb, for intense, 1n channel is just on
the barrier, so the excitation function is sharply cut in the lower energy side. As the projectile
becomes heavier, the 1n peak position locates in higher side of the present barrier distributions
and the excitation function becomes a bell shape. Even 0n channel would be opened in 70Zn
and 76Ge projectile cases. This suggests a new possibility for future experiments of super-heavy
synthesis by radiative-capture in cold fusion.

1

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)− 53 −

JAEA-Review

3.5

2007-046

MEASUREMENT OF FISSION CROSS-SECTIONS FOR 34S + 238U

K. NISHIO, H. IKEZOE, S. MITSUOKA, Y. WATANABE 1, I. NISHINAKA,
T. OHTSUKI 2, Y. NAGAME and K. TSUKADA
Understanding of the fusion reactions using actinide target nuclei is important for thesynthesis of superheavy nuclei (SHN). Because of the prolate deformation of actinide nuclei,
Coulomb barrier height depends on the incident angle of the projectile to the symmetric axisof the target. By bombarding rather light projectiles at subbarrier energies, where contact atpolar side of target nucleus occurs, new isotopes 264Sg and 270Hs were produced in thereactions of 30Si + 238U [1] and 26Mg+248Cm [2], respectively. Formation of the compound
nucleus may be sensitive to the orientation of the deformed target nuclei when projectile ismuch heavier, and the possible advantage of the equatorial collisions to form the compound
nucleus is discussed in the reactions of 48Ca beam and actinide targets [3]. To understand thefusion mechanism and to predict cross-sections producing SHN, measurement of capture
cross-sections is important. For reactions leading to the fissile compound nucleus, thecapture cross-section is approximated to the fission cross-section.

Fission cross-section / mb

We have measured the fission cross-sections for 34S + 238U. The measurement is motivatedby the possible production of a new isotope 268Hs as 4n channel in the subbarrier fusion
reaction. This reaction is also important to238
study the systematic behavior of theU
34
S
orientation effects in fusion, which should
E* / MeV
30
40
50
60
70
depend on the projectile mass.
103
The experiment was performed at JAEA
tandem accelerator. Two fission fragments
are detected in coincidence by using twoparallel plate avalanche counters (PPACs)
located on both sides of the uranium target.
The detector has sensitive area of 200 mm
120 mm. The ·238U target with thicknessof 100 ȝg/cm2 was prepared by electricallydepositing natural uranium on a nickel foilof 90 ȝg/cm2 thick.

2

101
100
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4

140

150

160

170

180

Ec.m. / MeV

We have measured the time difference
between the signals from two PPACs, charge
1102High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tohoku University

Fig. 1 Fission cross-sections for 34S + 238U as a functionof c.m. energy. Excitation energy E* of the compound
nucleus 272Hs is also shown in the upper abscissa. The
Coulomb barrier height corresponding to the two extreme
touching configurations are shown by arrows on the upperpart.

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JAEA-Review

2007-046

in the PPACs induced by the fragments, and the emission angle of the fragments (ș1 and ș2)
relative to the beam axis. Fission fragments are separated from other reaction products
such as scattered projectiles, recoiled targets, and other light particles. The cross-section wasdetermined by detecting the elastically scattered projectiles by a silicon detector located at
an angle 29o to the beam axis.
The experimental results are shown in Fig. 1 as a function of center-of-mass energy. The
solid curve is the results of the coupled-channel (CC) calculation [4] which takes into
account the prolate deformation of 238U, (ș2,ș4) = (0.275, 0.05) [1,5]. In this calculation,
couplings to the 2+ state in 34S (2.13 MeV) and 3- state in 238U (0.73 MeV) are also included[6]. The one-dimensional barrier penetration model, where the deformation of 238U andcouplings to the vibrational states of the nuclei are ignored, is also shown by the dottedcurve.
The CC calculation reproduces the experimental data well except the extremely deep subbarrier energy of Ec.m. < 145 MeV, and shows large enhancement of the cross-section
relative to the one-dimensional model due to the lowering of the Coulomb barrier at polar
collisions. Large enhancement of the cross-section at sub-barrier energies suggests thepossible production of the new isotope 268Hs around Ec.m. = 150 MeV ( E* = 40 MeV).
References[1] K. Nishio, S. Hofmann, F.P. Hessberger, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, V.F. Comas, Z. Gan,
S. Heinz, J.A. Heredia, H. Ikezoe, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P.
Kuusiniemi, B. Lommel, R. Mann, M. Mazzocco, S. Mitsuoka, Y. Nagame, T. Ohtsuki,
A.G. Popeko, S. Saro, H.J. Schoett, B. Sulignano, A. Svirikhin, K. Tsukada, K. Tsuruta,
A.V. Yeremin, Eur. Phys. J. A 29, 281 (2006).
[2] J. Dvorak, W. Brüchle, M. Chelnokov, R. Dressler, Ch.E. Düllmann, K. Eberhardt, V.
Gorshkov, E. Jäger, R. Krücken, A. Kuznetsov, Y. Nagame, F. Nebel, Z. Novackova, Z.
Qin, M. Schädel, B. Schausten, E. Schimpf, A. Semchenkov, P. Thörle, A. Tüler, M.
Wegrzacki, A. Yakushev, A. Yeremin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 242501 (2007).
[3] Yu.Ts. Oganessian, J. Phys. G 34 , R165 (2007).
[4] K. Hagino (unpublished). The code is based on the CCFULL code. K.Hagino et al.,Computer Phys. Comm. 123, 143 (1999).
[5] K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, Y. Nagame, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, S. Mitsuoka, K. Tsuruta, K.
Satou, C.J. Lin, T. Ohsawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 162701 (2004).
[6] R.B. Firestone and V.S. Shirley, Edt. Table of Isotopes, Eighth Edition, Vol. 1 and 2 John
Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1996.

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2007-046

3.6 CORRELATION BETWEEN D-PARTICLE EMISSION AND FISSION
IN THE 18 O + 244 Pu REACTION
I. NISHINAKA, M. TANIKAWA1 , Y. NAGAME, M. ASAI, K. TSUKADA,
A. TOYOSHIMA, Y. KASAMATSU, K. NISHIO and A. YOKOYAMA2
The incomplete fusion reaction makes it possible to study the fission of nuclides that are notproduced in other reactions. However, the process of the incomplete fusion reaction is not
yet completely understood. In our previous work for the 103 and 113 MeV 18 O + 244 Pu
reactions [1], it was found that the nuclear fission of 258 Fm at several excitation energies
could be studied via the incomplete fusion reaction of 244 Pu(18 O, D)258 Fm by measuring
fission fragments in coincidence with D-particles. The D-particle spectra measured incoincidence with fission fragments at a forward angle of 20 deg. to the beam direction
suggest that the preequilibrium D-particle emission in the incomplete fusion reaction plays animportant role. In this work, we have experimentally determined the probabilities of the
D-particle emission in both the incomplete fusion reaction 244 Pu(18 O, D)258 Fm and thecomplete fusion reaction 18 O + 244Pu by measuring D-particle spectra in coincident withfission fragments at both forward and backward angles to the beam direction.
In the 103 MeV 18 O + 244 Pu reaction, lightcharged particles including D-particles were
measured in coincidence with fission
fragments by two 'E-E telescopes. Figure 1
shows a schematic view of the experimental
setup. The 'E-E telescopes set at angles of
20 and 160 deg. to the beam direction haverespective solid angles of 0.49 msr and 0.12
msr. Each 'E-E telescope consists of 30 Pm
and 2 mm thick silicon surface barrier
detectors. Fission  fragments were
measured by position sensitive parallel plateavalanche counters PPAC.

㻼㻼㻭㻯'㻱㻌㻙㻱㻌㼠㼑㼘㼑㼟㼏㼛㼜㼑㼀㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠
㻮㼑㼍㼙㻲㼍㼞㼍㼐㼍㼥㻌㼏㼡㼜'㻱㻌㻙㻱㻌㼠㼑㼘㼑㼟㼏㼛㼜㼑㻼㻼㻭㻯

Fig. 1. The experimental setup.

In Fig. 2 D-particle spectra are shown as a function of energy in the center-of-mass system bysolid circles for “single” events and open circles for “coincident” events. No D-particles incoincident with fission fragments was observed by the 'E-E telescope located at the angle of
160 deg. to the beam direction. A limit of the probability of D-particle emission from thecompound nucleus in the complete fusion reaction of 103 MeV 18O + 244 Pu has been
determined to be less than 0.6 mb. These results obviously show that the D-particle spectrum
measured in coincident with fission fragments by the 'E-E telescope at the angle of 20 deg.
originates only from the D-particle emission in the incomplete fusion reaction of 244 Pu(18 O,
D)258 Fm. Because the D-particles evaporated from the compound nucleus emit isotropicaly inthe center-of-mass system while those from the incomplete fusion-fission reaction emit atforward angles to the beam direction [2].
1University of Tokyo
2Kanazawa University− 56 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

10 6

10 7

20 deg.

10 6

10 4

CountsCounts

10 5
10 4

10 3

10 3

10 2

10 2

10 1

10 1

160 deg.

10 5

0

20

40

60

80

10 0

0

20

40

60

80

ED (MeV)

ED (MeV)Fig. 2. D-particle energy spectra measured at 20 and 160 deg. to the beam direction in the
103 MeV 18O + 244Pu reaction. Solid and open circles show “single” and “coincident”
events, respectively.

References[1] I. Nishinaka, M. Tanikawa, Y. Nagame, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, T. Ichikawaand A. Yokoyama, JAEA-Review 2006-029 (2006) 49.
[2] W. Augustyniak, C. Borcea, M. Lewitowicz, N. Hoai Chau, Yu. E. Penionzhkevich, V. G.
Sandukovski, M. Sowinski and S. Chojnacki, Z. Phys. A 332 (1989) 209.

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CHAPTER 4
Nuclear Chemistry

4.1

Trioctylphosphine Oxide (TOPO) Reversed-Phase Chromatography of
Rutherfordium in HCl

4.2

Development of an Electrochemistry Apparatus for the Heaviest Elements

4.3

Elution Curves of Nb and Ta in Anion-Exchange Chromatography with
HF/HNO3 Solutions

4.4

Production of RI Tracers for Chemistry of Transactinide Elements

4.5Radioisotopes Incorporation in Fullerenes by Using Nuclear Recoil− 59 −

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4.1

2007-046

TRIOCTYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE (TOPO) REVERSED-PHASE
CHROMATOGRAPHY OF RUTHERFORDIUM IN HCl

A. TOYOSHIMA, Y. KASAMATSU, K. TSUKADA, M. ASAI, Y. ISHII, H. TOUME,
T.K. SATO, I. NISHINAKA, Y. NAGAME, H. HABA1, K. AKIYAMA2, Y. OURA2,
S. GOTO3, H. KUDO3, K. OOE4, A. SHINOHARA4 and K. SUEKI5
Previously we studied anion-exchange behavior of rutherfordium (Rf) in 4.0 - 11.5 M HCl
solutions together with its homologues Zr and Hf using the automated ion-exchange
separation apparatus coupled with the detection system for alpha spectroscopy (AIDA) [1].
The adsorption probabilities of Rf on the anion-exchange resin increased beyond 7.0 M HCl
and the sequence of those among the group-4 homologues was Rf  Zr > Hf. The EXAFS
study of Zr and Hf in HCl and those on the anion-exchange resin equilibrated with HClverified that the adsorption onto the resin is based on the chloride complexation in HCl [2],suggesting that the chloride complexation of Rf is stronger than that of the homologues.
Recently, we investigated the tributylphosphate (TBP) extraction behavior of Rf, Zr, and Hf in
7.0 - 8.0 M HCl using a reversed-phase chromatography technique [3]. The extraction trend
among the elements was Zr > Hf  Rf which is different from the sequence found in theanion-exchange study. It was suggested that the stability of the TBP complex of Rf
tetrachloride is lower than those of Zr and Hf. In the present study, we performed thetrioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) reversed-phase chromatography of Rf, Zr, and Hf in 2.0 - 7.0
M HCl in order to further investigate extraction of Rf from HCl into
phosphorous-bonded-oxygen extractants. TOPO has the phosphorous oxygen, which solvatesto neutral chloride-complexes, with higher electronegativity than that of TBP.
The isotopes 261Rf (78 s) and 169Hf (3.42 min) were produced in the 248Cm(18O,5n) and152enrichGd(18O,xn) reactions at the JAEA tandem accelerator. We produced the 169Hf isotope
for monitoring the chemical yield and extraction probabilities during repetitive
chromatographic experiments. Reaction products were transported by a He/KCl gas-jet
technique to the chemistry laboratory and deposited onto the collection site of AIDA. Afterthe collection, products were dissolved with hot 11.5 M HCl and were subsequently fed onto
the TOPO reversed-phase column of 1.6 mm i.d. × 7.0 mm long. The effluent from thecolumn was discarded. Then, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0, or 7.0 M HCl was fed into the column and theeffluent was collected on a Ta disc as fraction 1 with preparation by evaporation to dryness for
D-spectrometry. A fraction of the products adsorbed on the column was then stripped with the
2.0 M HCl. The effluent was collected on another Ta disc as fraction 2 and was evaporated todryness. The pair of discs was then subjected to D-spectrometry with 600 mm2 PIPS detectors.
Elution behavior of 85Zr (7.86 min) and 169Hf produced simultaneously by the natGe(18O,xn)
and natGd(18O,xn) reactions, respectively, in 2.0 - 10 M HCl were also measured in separate
experiments under the same conditions as those of 261Rf and 169Hf.
Figure 1 shows the variations of the percent extraction (%Ext) of Rf, Zr, and Hf as a function
1

The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)Tokyo Metropolitan University
3
Niigata University
4
Osaka University
5
University of Tsukuba
2− 61 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

of HCl concentration. The %Ext values are evaluated using the equation of %Ext = 100 × A2 /(A1 + A2) where A1 and A2 represent radioactivities in fractions 1 and 2, respectively.
The %Ext values of Rf, Zr, and Hf are plotted by closed circles, open triangles, and open
squeares, respectively, and the Cm/Gd and Ge/Gd in parenthesis show the targets used in theexperiments. The %Ext values of the three elements similarly increase in the range of 2.0 - 7.0
M HCl which is lower than that for the TBP extractions of 7.0 - 8.0 M. It suggests that thephosphorous oxygen of TOPO with high electronegativity solvates to neutral
chloride-complexes of Rf, Zr, and Hf even in dilute HCl and the resulting solvated complexes
are extracted into the organic TOPO phase. On the other hand, the extraction trend into TOPO
among the homologues is the same as that into TBP: Zr > Hf  Rf, suggesting that thestability of TOPO complex of Rf tetrachloride is also weaker than that of homologues.
120
100

%Ext

80

Preliminary results

60
40

261
85

20
0
0

Zr (Ge/Gd)169

2

Rf (Cm/Gd)

4
6
8
HCl concentration / M

Hf (Ge/Gd)
10

12Fig. 1. Variations of percent extraction (%Ext) of Rf,
Zr, and Hf into TOPO from HCl.
References[1] H. Haba, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, S. Goto, A. Toyoshima, I. Nishinaka, K. Akiyama, M.
Hirata, S. Ichikawa, Y. Nagame, Y. Shoji, M. Shigekawa, T. Koike, M. Iwasaki, A.
Shinohara, T. Kaneko, T. Maruyama, S. Ono, H. Kudo, Y.Oura, K. Sueki, H. Nakahara,
M. Sakama, A. Yokoyama, J. V. Kratz, M. Schädel and W. Brüchle, J. Nucl. Radiochem.
Sci. 3, (2002) 143.
[2] H. Haba, K. Akiyama, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, T. Yaita, M. Hirata, K. Sueki
and Y. Nagame to be submitted.
[3] H. Haba, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, T. Sato, I. Nishinaka, T.
Ichikawa, S. Ichikawa, Y. Nagame, W. Sato, K. Matsuo, Y. Kitamoto, Y. Tashiro, A.
Shinohara, J. Saito, M. Ito, T. Ikezawa, M. Sakamaki, S. Goto, H. Kudo, H. Kikunaga, M.
Arai, S. Kamataki, A. Yokoyama, K. Akiyama, K. Sueki, Y. Oura, M. Schädel, W.
Brüchle and J. V. Kratz, Radiochim. Acta, 95 (2007) 1.

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JAEA-Review

4.2.

2007-046

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTROCHEMISTRY APPARATUS FOR
THE HEAVIEST ELEMENTS

A. TOYOSHIMA, Y. KASAMATSU, Y. KITATSUJI, K. TSUKADA, H. HABA1,
A. SHINOHARA2 and Y. NAGAME

It is of great importance to study oxidation states of the heaviest atoms and to determine theoxidation-reduction (redox) potential in aqueous solution. The heaviest elements placed at dand f-transition blocks of the periodic table are expected to take various oxidation states.
Theoretical calculations predict that oxidation states and redox potentials of the heaviest
atoms are influenced by relativistic effects [1]. Thus, electrochemical properties of theheaviest elements will give valuable information on the relativistic effects. However, anelectric current originated from a redox reaction of the heaviest element is not measureable
because of an atom-at-a-time situation. Thus, we fabricated an electrochemistry apparatus
combined with a chromatographic separation technique available even to single atoms. In thisreport, development of the electrochemistry apparatus is presented.
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the electrochemistry apparatus, which is based on theelectrolytic cell [2, 3]. A solution containing the heaviest elements is fed from the inlet, passes
through the working electrode made by glassy carbon fibers which are packed into avycol-glass tube, and flows out of the outlet. The surface of the fibers is chemically modified
with a polyelectrolyte material of Nafion perfluorinated ion-exchange resin [4, 5], so that theworking electrode works just as the cation-exchange column. Ions are oxidized on theelectrode according to their redox potentials, and the resulting oxidized species are separated
from non-oxidized species by cation-exchange chromatography.
Test experiments were performed for an oxidation reaction of 139Ce of 1010 atoms using theelectrochemistry apparatus. Elution behavior of the 139Ce radiotracer from thechemically-modified electrode with applied potentials of 0.2 - 1.0 V versus an Ag-AgClreference electrode was investigated together with 88Y, 88Zr, and 175Hf in 0.1 M ammonium
D-hydroxyisobutyric acid (D-HIB) solution. In the applied potential of 0.2 V, elution of 139Ce
followed that of 88Y. This elution behavior of 139Ce shows that Ce is bound in the most stable
trivalent state. In higher potentials of 1.0 V, 139Ce was sooner eluted, which is similar to the
behavior of 88Zr and 175Hf. It indicates that 139Ce exists as a tetravalent ion. In the middle
potentials of 0.6 - 0.8 V, elution behavior of 139Ce was varied from that of Ce3+ to that of Ce4+
around 0.75 V. The electric potential of 0.75 V is almost equal to that determined by cyclic
voltammetry of 0.001 M Ce in 0.1 M D-HIB. These results show that 139Ce in the trivalentstate is successfully oxidized to the tetravalent one using the present apparatus on a tracer
1
2

The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)
Osaka University− 63 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

scale. Electrochemical oxidation of nobelium will be performed in the near future.

Reference Electrode(Ag-AgCl)

Working Electrode(glassy carbon fibers)
Counter Electrode(Pt mesh)

Solution
inlet

SolutionoutletGrassy carbon rod(for the lead ofworking electrode)
1 cm

Electrolyte poolFig. 1. Schematic diagram of an electrochemistry
apparatus developed.

References[1] V. Pershina, Theoretical Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements, In The Chemistry ofSuperheavy Elements, Ed.M. Schädel, Kluwer Academic publishers, Dordrecht, 2003,
p31.
[2] S. Kihara, Z. Yoshida, H. Muto, H. Aoyagi, Y. Baba and H. Hashitani, Anal. Chem. 52(1980) 1601.
[3] H. Aoyagi, Z. Yoshida and S. Kihara, Anal. Chem. 59 (1987) 400.
[4] C. R. Martin and H. Freiser, Anal. Chem. 53 (1981) 902.
[5] M. W. Espensheid, A.R. Ghatak-Roy, R.B. Moore III, R.M. Penner, M.N. Szentirmay and
C.R. Martin, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 82 (1986) 1051.

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JAEA-Review

4.3

2007-046

ELUTION CURVES OF Nb AND Ta IN ANION-EXCHANGE
CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH HF/HNO3 SOLUTIONS

Y. KASAMATSU, A. TOYOSHIMA, K. TSUKADA, M. ASAI, H. HABA1, Y. ISHII,
H. TOUME, I. NISHINAKA, K. AKIYAMA2, M. SAKAMA3, H. KIKUNAGA1, W. SATO4,
K. OOE4, T. KURIBAYASHI4, A. SHINOHARA4, S. GOTO5, T. ISHIKAWA5, H. KUDO5,
N. KINOSHITA6, M. ARAI6, A. YOKOYAMA6, T.K. SATO, K. SUEKI7 and Y. NAGAME,
The aqueous phase chemistry of the group-5 elements Nb, Ta, and element 105 (dubnium,Db) has been studied with chromatographic methods, and the similarity of the chemical
behavior of Db to those of its lighter homologues has been discussed [1–3]. For a deeper
understanding of the chemical property of Db, more detailed chemical studies are required.
For systematic investigation of the fluoride complexation of Db as a function of the fluoride
ion concentration, we previously studied anion-exchange behavior of the homologues Nb, Ta,and the pseudo homologue Pa in HF/HNO3 media by a batch method [4]. In the present work,
we studied elution curves of Nb and Ta by the on-line anion-exchange technique to findsuitable conditions for the experiment of Db.
Niobium-90 and 178Ta were produced in the natZr(p, xn) and natHf(p, xn) reactions,
respectively, at the JAEA tandem accelerator. Niobium-88 and 170Ta were also produced in thenat
Ge(19F, xn) and natGd(19F, xn) reactions, respectively. The reaction products were
continuously transported by a He/KCl gas-jet system to the collection site of the automatedion-exchange separation apparatus coupled with the detection system for alpha-spectroscopy(AIDA). After collection for 1–5 min, the products were dissolved in various concentrationsof HF/HNO3 solutions (0.01–5 M HF/0.04–0.6 M HNO3) and the solution was then fed onto
the column (I1.0 × 3.5 mm) filled with the anion-exchange resin MCl GEL CA08Y (particle
size of 25 Pm) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The effluent fractions were collected in 7
polyethylene tubes. Remaining Nb and Ta on the resin were stripped with 0.015 M HF/6 M
HNO3 and collected in another tube. Gamma-ray measurements were performed for the tubes
with a Ge detector to observe elution curves of Nb and Ta in the anion-exchange
chromatography.
The four product nuclides 88, 90Nb and 170, 178Ta were assigned by the J-ray spectroscopy on
the basis of J-ray energies and half-lives. The elution curves of Nb and Ta were obtained andthose for 0.31 M HF/0.1 M HNO3 and 0.89 M HF/0.3 M HNO3 are shown in Fig 1.
Distribution coefficients, Kd, were obtained by fitting the Glueckauf equation [5] to the data
as shown by the solid elution curves in Fig. 1. The obtained Kd values and their dependence
on [Fí] and [NO3í] agree with those obtained in the previous batch-wise experiments [4] asdepicted in Fig. 2. It is found that the anion-exchange behavior of Nb and Ta observed in the1

Nishina Center for Accelerator Based Science, RIKEN
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
3
School of Health Sciences, University of Tokushima
4
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
5
Faculty of Science, Niigata University
6
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
7
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba

2− 65 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

batch-wise experiments is well reproduced by the rapid on-line experiments in the studied
condition. In the near future, we will perform the rapid anion-exchange experiment in
HF/HNO3 media with 262Db produced in the 248Cm(19F, 5n) reaction to study the fluoride
complexations of Db.

Fig. 1. Elution curves of Nb and Ta in anion-exchange chromatography in (a)0.31 M HF/0.1 M HNO3 and (b) 0.89 M HF/0.3 M HNO3.

Fig. 2. Variation of the Kd values obtained in the present work and by thebatch method as functions of (a) [Fí] ([NO3í] = 0.1 M) and (b) [NO3í] ([Fí]= 0.0002 M).
References[1] M. K. Gober J. V. Kratz, H. P. Zimmermann, M. Schädel, W. Brüchle, E. Schimpf, K. E.
Gregorich, A. Türler, N. J. Hannink, K. R. Czerwinski, B. Kadkhodayan, D. M. Lee, M. J.
Nurmia, D. C. Hoffman, H. Gäggeler, D. Jost, J. Kovacs, U. W. Scherer, and A. Weber,Radiochim. Acta 57 (1992) 77.
[2] H. P. Zimmermann M. K. Gober, J. V. Kratz, M. Schädel, W. Brüchle, E. Schimpf, K. E.
Gregorich, A. Türler, K. R. Czerwinski, N. J. Hannink, B. Kadkhodayan, D. M. Lee, M. J.
Nurmia, D. C. Hoffman, H. Gäggeler, D. Jost, J. Kovacs, U. W. Scherer, and A. Weber,Radiochim. Acta 60 (1993) 11.
[3] W. Paulus W. Paulus, J. V. Kratz, E. Strub, S. Zauner, W. Brüchle, V. Pershina, M. Schädel,B. Schausten, J. L. Adams, K. E. Gregorich, D. C. Hoffmann, M. R. Lane, C. Laue, D. M.
Lee, C. A. McGrath, D. K. Shaughnessy, D. A. Strellis, and E. R. Sylwester, Radiochim.
Acta 84 (1999) 69.
[4] Y. Kasamatsu A. Toyoshima, H. Toume, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, and Y. Nagame, J. Nucl.
Radiochem. Sci. In press.
[5] E. Glueckauf, Trans. Faraday Soc. 51 (1955) 34.
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JAEA-Review

2007-046

4.4 PRODUCTION OF RI TRACERS FOR CHEMISTRY OF
TRANSACTINIDE ELEMENTS
S. GOTO1, T. IKEZAWA2, M. SAKAMAKI2, T. ISHIKAWA2, H. KUDO2, K. TSUKADA3,
M. ASAI3, A. TOYOSHIMA3 and Y. NAGAME3

Since a transactinide element has a very short life and its production cross-section is verysmall, only a very little quantity — usually one atom — is handled for a chemistry experiment
at a time. To investigate the chemical property of such transactinide element, it is necessarythat many repetition experiments in terms of a rapid chemistry method are performed until
sufficient statistics are obtained. In other words, it takes very long time to even one
experimental condition. Thus, the off-line experiment using a light homologue will be valid
for an efficient on-line experiment. The aim of this work is to produce the non-carrier tracer
for carrying out the off-line chemical experiments.
For the rapid chemistry experiments of Rf and Db, the radioactive isotopes 175Hf (T1/2 = 70 d)
and 95gNb (T1/2 = 35 d) were selected as a tracer in consideration of whether measuring their
gamma-ray is possible and whether the half life is long enough. The tracers were produced
using the 175Lu(p, n)175Hf and 96Zr(p, 2n)95gNb reactions with JAEA tandem accelerator. Thenat
Zr foil (130 mg cm–2) and the Lu foil (123 mg cm–2) covered with aluminum foils werestacked and placed at the end of the R2 beam line. The Zr target was put on the beam
upstream to make the proton energy the optimal to the intended nuclear reactions. The proton
beam energies on the Zr and Lu target were about 14 MeV and 9.6 MeV, respectively,
according to the energy loss calculation. The irradiation time was 9.5 hours, and the average
beam current was about 2.0 PA. The irradiated targets were brought to Niigata University
after cooling down the activity of the by-products such as 90gNb (T1/2 = 14.6 h), 92mNb (T1/2 =10.15 d), and 96Nb (T1/2 = 23.4 h). The activities of 95gNb and 175Hf were 1.4 MBq and 1.2
MBq, respectively, after 14 days from the end of bombardment. Those were enough toperform the experiment for about half year.
Each tracer nuclide was separated from the target material using an anion-exchange method.
The tracers have been used in different experiments to develop newer solvent extraction
technique for 4th- and 5th-group elements at Niigata University.
1

Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University
Faculty of Science, Niigata University
3
Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA
2

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JAEA-Review

4.5

2007-046

RADIOISOTOPES INCORPORATION IN FULLERENES
BY USING NUCLEAR RECOIL

K. SUEKI1, K. AKIYAMA2, K. TSUKADA, A. TOYOSHIMA,
M. ASAI and Y. NAGAME

We show evidence of Se and Sb-atom-incorporated fullerenes on the collision between a C60
or C70 cages and Se or Sb atoms, which were generated from recoil process following nuclear
reactions.
In order to produce Se and Sb atom-incorporated fullerenes, about 60 mg C60 or C70 fullerenes
powder was mixed homogeneously with about 60 mg of As2O3 or SnO2 and used to as thetarget material. Proton irradiation with beam energy of 13 MeV was performed at the
TANDEM. Radioisotopes of 75Se and 124Sb can be produced by the 75As(p,n)75Se and124

Sn(p,n)124Sn reactions, respectively. The beam current was typically 0.6 PA and irradiation
time was about 3 h. The fullerene samples were dissolved in CS2 or o-dichlorobenzene after
being filtrated to remove insoluble materials through a membrance filter (pore size = 0.2 Pm).
The soluble fraction was injected into a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC)
equipped with a 5PBB column of 10mm (inner diameter) X 250 nm (length), at a flow rate
1.8 mL/min. The eluted solution was passed through an UV detector, the wavelength of which
was adjusted to 340 nm in order to measure the amount of fullerenes and their derivatives.
The fraction was collected at 20-sec or 60-sec intervals, and the J-ray activities of eachfraction were measured with an HPGe detector.
Figures (a) and (b), respectively, show the two elution curves of the C60+As2O3 andC70+As2O3 samples. In figure (a), a strong absorption peaks was observed at retention time of
11-12 min along the elution curve which was measured by a UV detector. This peak indicatesthe existence of C60. Following the first peak, one peak at around 16-18 min wasconsecutively observed in the UV chromatogram. Two peaks appeared in the curve of the 75Se
radioactivities in the radiochromatogram. Aside from a slight delay, the first peak corresponds
to the C60 UV absorption peak. The second peak was observed at the retention time 17-20 min.
Though there is a delay in the elution peaks of the radioactivites against that of the UV
absorption peaks, it seems the elution behavior is similar. The result indicates that theradioactive fullerene monomers and dimmers labeled with 75Se. Ohtsuki et al. reported
1
2

University of Tsukuba
Tokyo Metropolitan University− 68 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

that Se-encapsulated fullerene is reproduced by ab initio molecular dynamics simulation[1].
The yield ratios of monomers labeled with radioisotopes were about 1-2 X 10-4.
1

C 60

0.8

(a)

0.6
0.4
Activity / cps

0.2
0

10

0.3

20

30

40

C 70

(b)

0.2

0.1

0

10

20
30
Retention time /min40

Figure (a) HPLC elution curves of soluble portionof the crude extracted in the proton irradiated sample
of C60 mixed with As2O3. The horizontal axis indicatesretention time, and the vertical axis represnts thecounting rate of the radioactivities of 75Se in eachfraction (solid circle), and the absorbance of UV
chromatogram of C60 (solid line). (b) HPLC elution
curves at the same (a), but for the sample of C70 mixed
with As2O3.

Reference[1] T. Ohtuki, K. Ohno, K. Shiga, Y. Kawazoe, H. Yuki, Phys. Rev. B65 (2002) 073402.

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2007-046

CHAPTER 5
Nuclear Theory

5.1

Significance of the Tensor Force in Exotic Nuclei in the SD-PF Shell

5.2

Extension of Calculation for Nuclear Potential Energy Surface to Large Deformation

5.3

Bulk Properties of Kaonic Nuclei

5.4

P-P Scattering Phase Shift in Momentum Space Including the Coulomb anda Short-Range Forces− 71 −

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JAEA-Review

2007-046

5.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TENSOR FORCE IN EXOTIC NUCLEIIN THE SD-PF SHELL
Y. UTSUNO, T. OTSUKA1,2, T. MIZUSAKI3 and M. HONMA4
The evolution of the shell structure in exotic nuclei is an intriguing issue and should be clarified byexperiment in the near future. The disappearance of the N=20 magic number is most likely related toa narrowing N=20 shell gap toward smaller proton number, which has been investigated by alarge-scale shell-model calculation with the Monte Carlo shell model (MCSM) [1]. It has been
recently pointed out [2] that the change of the shell structure, often called shell evolution, is causedby the tensor force. The tensor force is very successful in accounting for the phenomena for spherical
nuclei in some regions.
In the present study, we examine whether or not the tensor force leads to an exotic nuclear structure,
besides a mere spherical shell evolution, such as an unexpected deformation using the shell model.
We focus on persistence or disappearance of the magic structure around N=28 in the very
neutron-rich region, where the sd-pf cross-shell interaction plays a key role. Note that the cross-shellinteraction has still some ambiguity compared with the intra-shell interaction. The shell model cantreat the deformation and the correlation in a proper way. The numerical calculation was in part
performed with the Helios2 cluster system which was installed in JAEA-Tandem in 2006.
To investigate the proper strength of the tensor force as the shell-model effective interaction, we
extract the tensor part from the GXPF1 interaction [3] for pf-shell nuclei. Since GXPF1 is aninteraction that excellently reproduces and predicts many nuclear properties over the region, it shouldhave a reasonable spin/isospin structure. As a result, the monopole centroid of the T=0 tensor force in
GXPF1 is very similar to that of the S+U one-boson exchange force and the GT2 interaction [4] thathas been newly constructed for the mean-field calculation. Thus, the tensor force in the shell-modelinteraction seems similar to that of the new mean-field interaction. Since the mean-field calculation
is known to work very well over the medium-heavy mass region, the strength of the tensor force inthe effective interaction might be quite region-independent.
Based on the above discussion, we construct a new sd-pf shell Hamiltonian whose tensor force of thecross-shell part is identical to GT2 (hereafter simply denoted by GT2). As a reference, a Hamiltonian
whose cross-shell part is replaced by Millener-Kurath (MK) tensor force [5] is also constructed, andwe compare results between them. Note that the tensor force of MK is about one third as weak asthat of GT2.
1

Department of Physics and Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)
3
Institute of Natural Sciences, Senshu university
4
Center for Mathematical Sciences, University of Aizu
2

− 73 −Ex (MeV)

3
2

(a)

+

4

+

MK

2

1

0
600

GT2
(b)

4
2

The shell-model calculation shows that theGT2 tensor force well reproduces the
reduction of the Z=16 shell gap in movingfrom N=20 to 28, such as the inversion of theordering between 1/2+1 and 3/2+1 states in 47K,
whereas MK does not sufficiently. The tensor
force affects the Z=14 shell structure andrelevant nuclear structure, too. Figure 1 shows
the low-lying structure of neutron-rich Si
isotopes. The present calculation based on
GT2 predicts that the N=28 isotope 42Si is nota typical magic nucleus due to a narrower
Z=14 shell gap owing to the tensor force.

2007-046

B(E2) (e fm )JAEA-Review

400
200
0

22

24

N

26

28

Fig. 1. (a) 2+1 and 4+1 energy levels and (b)B(E2; 0+1 Ѝ 2+1) values of Si isotopes from
N=22 to 28 compared between experiment(circles) and shell-model calculations withdifferent cross-shell interactions MK and GT2.

References[1] Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, T. Glasmacher, T. Mizusaki, M. Honma, Phys. Rev. C 70 (2004) 044307.
[2] T. Otsuka, T. Suzuki, R. Fujimoto, H. Grawe, Y. Akaishi. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 232502.
[3] M. Honma, T Otsuka, B. A. Brown, T. Mizusaki, Phys. Rev. C 69 (2004) 034335.
[4] T. Otsuka, T. Matsuo, D. Abe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 162501.
[5] D.J. Millener, D. Kurath, Nucl. Phys. A 255 (1975) 315.

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JAEA-Review

2007-046

5.2 EXTENSION OF CALCULATION FOR NUCLEAR POTENTIAL
ENERGY SURFACE TO LARGE DEFORMATION
H. KOURA and S. CHIBA
Nuclear fission is a quite important decay mode in the uranium and transuranium region. We havedeveloped a method of calculating fission barrier heights by using the KUTY
(Koura-Uno-Tachibana-Yamada) mass model, which is a kind of macroscopic-microscopic modeland is constructed on the spherical-basis consideration [1,2]. A bulk term of this mass model isexpressed as a function of proton number Z, neutron number N and mass number A to represent the
global feature of atomic masses. Microscopic features including shell and deformation effects arecalculated from a modified Woods-Saxon-like single-particle potential [3]. The shell energy of the
KUTY method is expressed as
Esh (Z, N,shape)§shape ©sph
(Z, N )¦ ¨ Esh· 'ES (Z, N,shape)  'EC (Z, N,shape)  correct.¸.
shape
¹

(1)
Here, the first term in the summation is a microscopic shell correction, which is expressed as aweighted sum of spherical shell energies with mixing weights determined by nuclear deformations,and the following two terms correspond to the change of the macroscopic surface and Coulomb
energy by the deformations. The surface and Coulomb energies are written as
ª1
º
(2)
'ES (Z, N,shape) S0 (Z, N )« ³shape dS 1»,
¼
¬S
ª
º
1
3
2
3 ' 1
'
«
U (r ) /C0 (Z, N ) 1»,(3)'EC (Z, N,shape) C0 (Z, N ) ³shape d rU (r)e ³ d r
'
«2
»
r

r
¼
¬
where S0(Z, N) or C0(Z, N) is a spherical surface or Coulomb energy, respectively. In the previous
work, we adopted an explicit expression form with respect to deformation parameters D2 , D4 and D6
up to 6th power as 'Es and 'EC as
ª2
º
20
4
66 4 4 2'ES (Z, N,shape) S0 (Z, N )« D 2 2  D 2 4  D 2 6 
D2 3 
D 2  D 2 D 4  », (4)
¼
¬5
13
105
175
35

ª1
º
5
25 6
4
51 4 6 2'EC (Z, N,shape) C0 (Z, N )« D 2 2  D 2 4 
D2 
D2 3 
D 2  D 2 D 4  »
¼
¬5
27
169
105
245
35

(5)
to reduce a computational time. However this method can be applied only to such a small
deformation as near the ground-state shape and, at most, the shape where a neck is formed. In thepresent work we carry out the numerical integrals of Eqs. (2) and (3) numerically. Regarding atreatment of 1/|rr’| in Eq. (3), we adopt an expansion of the Legendre polynomials of it up to 216
poles determined by considering a numerical error.
Figure 1 shows the potential energy surface for 235U. The open squared area gives the calculated
region in the previous work. Though the previous region covers only the second fission barrier in− 75 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

this nucleus, the present calculation gives the potential energy in the wide deformation area
including even the scission point. The present calculation, however, have some problems shown assudden changes of values, i.e., an arc line near D2§1.0 and D4§0.5 and an line near D2§0.0 and
D4§0.3 etc., due to a numerical error on some conditions for some specific shapes. This is a future
problem and we need some mathematical improvements.

Potential Energy Surface of U235

ground-state

0.8
0.6
alpha4

0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
alpha2previously-calculated region-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
u29esrf_dat_t1G20_all0U235_1

Fig.1. Potential energy surface of 235U

References[1] H. Koura, M. Uno, T. Tachibana and M. Yamada, Nucl. Phys. A 674 (2000) 47.
[2] H. Koura. T. Tachibana, M. Uno and M. Yamada, Prog. Theor. Phys. 113 (2005) 305.
[3] H. Koura, M. Yamada, Nucl. Phys. , Nucl. Phys. A 671 (2000) 96.

− 76 −

JAEA-Review

5.3

2007-046

BULK PROPERTIES OF KAONIC NUCLEI
T. MARUYAMA, T. TATSUMI1 and S. CHIBA

1l[fm <3]l[fm <3]l[fm <3]l[fm <3]l[fm <3]l[fm <3]l[fm <3]l[fm <3]

One of the recent topics is the possibility of deeply bound kaonic nuclei. They have observed
the missing mass spectra in 4 He(K − , n) [1] and 16 O(K − , n) [2] reactions and reported somepeaks corresponding to the binding energies of 90 – 170 MeV, while their results are not
conﬁrmed yet and there are theoretical controversies about their interpretation [3]. Some
theoretical calculations have shown a drastic phenomenon: the central density increases ashigh as about ten times the normal nuclear density [4]. However, their model has someambiguities about the nuclear equation of state (EOS) and limited to few-body systems,
while this topic should be closely related to kaon condensation in inﬁnite matter [5].
In the present situation it would be meaningful to survey kaonic nuclei in the wide mass
number region by using a realistic theoretical model, which can reasonably reproduce EOS ofnuclear matter and an empirical KN interaction. Using the relativistic mean ﬁeld theory andthe chiral model for
the KN interaction,
no kaon1 kaon
we investigate bulk
Z=2 A=4
U K(l 0)=<120 MeV
0.2
0.2
p
p
properties of kaonicnnKnuclei such as den0.1
0.1
sity proﬁles and bindBE K=<44.3 MeV
ing energies.
Our<3.8 MeV/A
0.0
0.0
model is rather simZ=8 A=16
0.2
0.2
ple but has a reliappnnbility in the descripK
0.1
0.1
tion of nuclear matter and bulk properBE K=<95.6 MeV<7.2 MeV/A
0.0
0.0
ties of normal nuclei
Z=20 A=40
over all range of mass
0.2
0.2
p
p
n
n
number [5]. We ﬁxKthe numbers of pro0.1
0.1
ton, neutron and kaon
BE K=<115.9 MeV<8.4 MeV/A
and solve the cou0.0
0.0
Z=100 A=200
pled equations for den0.2
0.2
ppsity proﬁles under thennK
spherical-symmetry ap0.1
0.1
proximation.
BE K=<136.1 MeV<6.8 MeV/A
The ﬁgure shows some
0.0
0.0
0
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
typical nuclei with and
r
[fm]
r
[fm]
without a kaon. Dueto the strong attraction between kaon and proton, one can see the increase of density at thecenter, especially the increase of proton density. This feature is similar to that reported by
Doté et al [4]. However, the highest density is up to two times the normal nuclear density.
The eﬀects of a kaon on nuclei is signiﬁcant for lighter nuclei. The calculated binding energy
Department of Physics, Kyoto University− 77 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

of kaon for Z = 8 system, −95.6 MeV, in the ﬁgure seems consistent with the experimentallyobserved missing mass of ∼ 90 MeV [2].
We have also tested a kaon potential with a chiral model and the diﬀerent choice of kaon
optical potential UK (ρ0 ). In both cases the qualitative feature does not change.
As a conclusion, the existence of kaon in a nucleus causes the increase of central density
especially the proton density. It is due to the strong attraction between kaon and proton.
But the highest density is up to 2 or 3 times of the normal nuclear density in our calculation.
Though our calculation is rather simple and includes many limitations, our results include
signiﬁcant information on bulk properties of kaonic nuclei.
References[1] T. Suzuki, et al, Nucl. Phys. A754 (2005) 375.
[2] T. Kishimoto, et al, Nucl. Phys. A754 (2005) 383.
[3] E. Oset and H. Toki, Phys. Rev. C 74 (2006) 015207.
[4] A. Doté, H. Horiuchi, Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C 70 (2004) 044313.
[5] T. Maruyama, T. Tatsumi, D.N. Voskresensky, T. Tanigawa, T. Endo and S. Chiba,
Phys. Rev. C 73 (2006) 035802.

− 78 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

33 6&$77(5,1* 3+$6( 6+,)7 ,1 020(1780 63$&( ,1&/8',1*
7+( &28/20% $1' $ 6+2575$1*( )25&(66 &+,%$ 6 1,6+,12+$5$ DQG 6 25<8

5HFHQWO\ ZH SURSRVHG D QHZ ERXQGDU\ FRQGLWLRQ PRGHO IRU WKH WKUHHERG\ )DGGHHY IRUPDOLVPZLWK WKH &RXORPE LQWHUDFWLRQV >@ 7KH ÀUVW QXPHULFDO WHVW IRU WKH WZRERG\ &RXORPE LQWHUDFWLRQZDV GRQH IRU WKH HQHUJ\ UDQJH ODUJHU WKDQ NH9 UHJLRQ VXFFHVVIXOO\ >@ ,Q WKLV ZRUN ZH ZRXOG
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DQG WKH 0¡OOHU ZDYH RSHUDWRUVDUH JLYHQ E\

ZLWK)XUWKHUPRUH GXH WR WKH IDFW WKDW ZH FDQ DOVR KDYH WKH WZRSRWHQWLDO IRUPDOLVPIRU :H VROYH WKLV IRUP RI WKH VWHS WZRSRWHQWLDO WKHRU\ QXPHULFDOO\ ZLWK WKH FRQGLWLRQWKDW WKH RQVKHOO YDOXH RIYDQLVKHV > @ 7KH SKDVHVKLIW IRU
LV REWDLQHG ÀQDOO\
DV D SKDVH RI WKH IROORZLQJ TXDQWLW\

7RN\R 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 6FLHQFH− 79 −

JAEA-Review− 80 −

2007-046

JAEA-Review

2007-046

CHAPTER 6
Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics

6.1

High-Resolution Zero-Degree Electron Spectroscopy of Neon Ions Passing
through Carbon Foils

6.2

Measurement of the Diffusion Coefficients in E-LiGa by
Using Short-Lived Radiotracer of 8Li

6.3

Charge State Distribution of Sulfur Ions after Penetration of C-Foil Targets (IV)− 81 −

This is a blank page

JAEA-Review

2007-046

6.1 HIGH-RESOLUTION ZERO-DEGREE ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF
NEON IONS PASSING THROUGH CARBON FOILS
K. KAWATSURA1, K. TAKAHIRO1, M. SATAKA, M. IMAI2,
H. SUGAI, K. OZAKI1, H. SHIBATA2 and K. KOMAKI3
Energy levels of high Rydberg states in highly charged ions and dynamical properties of theircollision processes inside a solid target have been one of the major interests in ion-solidinteractions. We have been studying mechanisms of electron emission from highly charged ionsof 2.0 MeV/u Si, S and Ar passing through gas and solid targets with high-resolution
zero-degree electron spectroscopy [1-5]. As for solid target, it has been found that the decays of
3-5 electron systems give a significant contribution in the electron spectrum [1,2,4]. Moreover,
we have observed significant difference between the l distributions for the gas and solid targets
and dependence of the l distributions on the foil thickness and projectile charge states. In thepresent work, we have extended our systematic measurements to the lower Z projectile of Ne to
study the formation of Rydberg states inside the solid and describe here the results for 0.55
MeV/u Neq+ (q = 1, 5-7) ions penetrating carbon foil targets
The experiments were performed at the tandem accelerator facility at the Japan Atomic Energy
Agency in Tokai. The details of the experimental set up for high-resolution zero-degree electron
spectroscopy have been described in Refs. [1,6]. The primary Neq+ (q = 1, 5-7) ion beams were
produced by using the ECR ion source installed at the high-voltage terminal of the tandem
accelerator. In the present, 0.55 MeV/u Neq+ ions penetrated C-foil targets of 1-10 Pg/cm2. The
measurements of ejected electrons at zero degrees in the beam direction were performed using atandem-type zero-degree electron spectrometer. Figure 1 shows the observed electron spectra in
the laboratory frame for 0.55 MeV/u Neq+ ions (q = 1, 5-7) through a C-foil target of 10 Pg/cm2.
The spectra are dominated by the cusp peak at around 0.3 keV. A series of Coster-Kronig (C-K)
electron peaks is superposed on the low and high energy wings of the cusp.
Figure 2 shows the C-K spectra for the forward ejected electrons, corresponding to the highenergy wing of the cusp, which were obtained by converting data points into the projectile rest
frame from the laboratory frame. An intense series of Coster-Kronig transitions from Ne6+
1s22p(2P)nl – 1s22s(2S)Hl’ (n = 7-10) has been observed for q = 1, 5 and 6, but a weak series isobserved for q = 7. Only a weak series of C-K transitions from Ne5+ 1s22s2p(3P)nl –1s22s2(1S)Hl’ (n = 7-10) is observed for q = 1,5 and 6, which is different from the case for Ar
projectiles [5]. It is explained by the fact that the fraction ratio emerging from a carbon foil for
Ne6+/Ne7+ is 0.55 for this incident energy, 0.55 MeV/u Ne ions, while that for Ar14+/Ar15+ is 2.0
for 2.0 MeV/u Ar ions [7].
________________________________________________________
1
Kyoto Institute of Technology
2
Kyoto University
3
National Center for University Entrance Examinations− 83 −

JAEA-Review

12.1 MeV Ne

q+

2007-046

12.1 MeV Ne+ C-foilq++ C-foil(a) q = 1

Intensity (arb. units)

Intensity (arb. units)(a) q = 1(b) q = 5(c) q = 6(b) q = 5

8

n=7

9

10

....
(c) q = 6(d) q = 7(d) q = 7

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0

5

10

15

20

Electron energy (keV)Electron energy (eV)Fig. 1. Electron spectra measured at 0° incollisions of 0.55 MeV/u Neq+ on C foil ;(a) q = 1, (b) 5, (c) 6, and (d) 7, respectively.

Fig. 2. High-resolution Coster-Kronig
electron spectra ejected at 0° from themoving projectile in collisions of 0.55
MeV/u Neq+ on C foil; (a) q = 1, (b) 5,(c) 6, and (d) 7, respectively.

References[1] K. Kawatsura M. Sataka, H. Naramoto, M. Imai, K. Komaki, Y. Yamazaki, K. Kuroki, Y.
Kanai, T. Kambara, Y. Awaya, J. E. Hansen, I. Kadar and N. Stolterfoht, Nucl. Instrum.
Methods Phys. Res. B53 (1991) 421.
[2] M. Imai, M. Sataka, Y. Yamazaki, K. Komaki, K. Kawatsura and Y. Kanai, Physica Scripta
T73 (1997) 93.
[3] M. Sataka, M. Imai, K. Kawatsura, K. Komaki, H. Tawara, A. Vasilyev and U. I. Safronova,
J. Phys. B35 (2002) 267.
[4] M. Sataka, M. Imai, K. Kawatsura, K. Komaki, H. Tawara, A. Vasilyev and U. I. Safronova,
Phys. Rev. A65 (2002) 052704.
[5] M. Imai, M. Sataka, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Komaki and H. Shibata, Braz. J. Phys.
36 (2006) 541.
[6] K. Kawatsura, M. Sataka, Y. Yamazaki, K. Komaki, Y. Kanai, H. Naramoto, K. Kuroki, T.
Kambara, Y. Awaya, Y. Nakai and N. Stolterfoht, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B48(1990) 103.
[7] K. Shima, N. Kuno, M. Yamanouchi and H. Tawara, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 51 (1992)
173.

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JAEA-Review

6.2

2007-046

MEASUREMENT OF THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS IN E-LiGa
BY USING SHORT-LIVED RADIOTRACER OF 8Li

S.C. JEONG 1, I. KATAYAMA1, H. KAWAKAMI1, H. ISHIYAMA1, Y. WATANABE1,
N. IMAI1, Y. HIRAYAMA1, H. MIYATAKE1, M. SATAKA, S. OKAYASU, H. SUGAI,S. ICHIKAWA, K. NISHIO, T. NAKANOYA, S. MITSUOKA, Takashi HASHIMOTO,
Takanori HASHIMOTO2, M. YAHAGI 2, K. TAKADA 3, M. WATANABE3,
T. ISHIKAWA 4 and A. IWASE 5

For E-LiAl and LiIn, iso-structural with E-LiGa, the Li diffusion coefficients have beenmeasured by a pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) method [1],where the coefficients decrease monotonically with increasing lithium content with a minor
modification due to the coexistence of vacancies on the Li atomic site (VLi) and Li
anti-structure atoms on the A site (LiA), where A stands for Al or In. The monotonic behavior is
supposed to be associated with the vacancy concentration (single vacancy diffusion) that
decreases with increasing lithium content. However, the motion of Li is slightly suppressed or
assisted depending on the kinds of anti-site atoms; Li diffusion rather slows down in E-LiAl,
while becomes rather faster in E-LiIn around the stoichiometric composition, as compared towhat would be expected when mediated by a single kind of vacancies (Li atomic vacancy).
Such a slight modification in the monotonic behavior of Li diffusion has suggested thepossibility of an interaction between vacancies and lithium anti-structure atoms; the interaction
must be attractive in LiAl and repulsive in LiIn. The difference in the interactions has been
understood by the atomic size effect [1, 2]: The LiAl in E-LiAl produces compressional strain(expanded lattice), since the radius for the Li ion (0.68Å) in a closed shell configuration [3] islarger than that for the Al ion (0.50 Å), while the LiIn in E-LiIn induces dilatational strain(contracted lattice) because of ionic radius for In (0.8 Å) larger than that for the substitutional
Li ion. On the other hand, the vacancy, VLi always produces dilatational strain.
Based on the atomic size effect, the interaction between VLi and LiGa in E-LiGa is supposed to
be attractive as in E-LiAl, because the radius for Ga ion (0.62 Å) is slightly small than that for
Li ion. And its strength can be considered to be weaker than observed in E-LiAl and LiIn, since
the radii for the constituent ions are quite close to each other. In addition, the concentration of1

Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK
Aomori University
3
National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS)
4 Tokyo University of Science
5 Osaka Prefecture University
2− 85 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

the VLi defect in E-LiGa is much (almost three times) larger in the Li-deficient content ascompared to the case in E-LiAl and LiIn studied so far, even though there is just little
difference in the concentration of Li anti-structure atoms. Of special interest is how the Li
diffusion in E-LiGa depends on the Li content, consequently the concentration of the VLi
defect.
The diffusion coefficients of Li in E-LiGa withdifferent Li content are compared in Fig.1.
As shown in Fig.1, what observed in the present
measurement is much different from those for
E-LiAl and LiIn; the Li diffusion around thestoichiometric composition is faster than in theLi-excess and Li-deficient compositions,demonstrating that the motion of the vacancies
on the Li atomic site in E-LiGa, supposedly the
carriers of Li atom, seems to be strongly
promoted by the coexistence of VLi and LiGa.
This suggests that the interaction between VLi and
LiGa would be unexpectedly large and quite

Fig.1 Temperature dependence of diffusion

coefficients in b-LiGa with different
repulsive than observed in E-LiAl and LiIn, on the
Li content as indicated.
one hand. On the other hand, it is also suggested
that the motion of Li ion for the Li-deficient composition could be quenched by the formationof the multiple complex defects such as the VLi-LiGa-VLi and/or VLi-VLi, since the concentrationof VLi defects is much (almost three times) larger in the Li-deficient side as compared to thecase in E-LiAl and LiIn, even though there is just little difference in the concentration of Li
anti-structure atoms. It should be noted that the number of vacant Li sites in a unit cell volume(8 for Li and 8 for Ga) is about two for the most Li-deficient E-LiGa, i.e 44 at. % Li, whereas
there exist about one vacant Li site in every two unit cells for the most Li-deficient E-LiAl and
LiIn by assuming the random distribution of the vacancies over the entire volume. Further
studies are going on to verify the above assumption.

References[1] J.C. Tarczon et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. A101 (1988) 99.
[2] K. Kuriyama et al., Phys. Rev. B 54 (1996) 6-15.
[3] C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th ed. (Wiely, New York, 2005) p71.

− 86 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

6.3 CHARGE STATE DISTRIBUTION OF SULFUR IONS AFTERPENETRATION OF C–FOIL TARGETS (IV)
M. IMAI1, M. SATAKA, K. NISHIO, H. SUGAI, K. KAWATSURA2,
K. TAKAHIRO2, K. KOMAKI3, and H. SHIBATA1

Charge state is one of the most important aspects to study ion-solid interactions. Various interactions, suchas electron capture, ionization and excitation of projectile and/or target electrons, and the consequent
phenomena like energy deposition into the target, i.e. stopping of projectile, are closely related with the
projectile charge state and its evolution in the target. Equilibrium charge state distributions for various
collision systems after passing gaseous or solid target have been extensively investigated and compiled [1],although the charge state distribution somewhat changes upon exiting the target foil. As has been presented
in the previous annual reports [2], we measured the exit charge state distributions for penetrations of S10+,
S11+ and S13+ ions through C-foil targets of 0.9 10 Pg/cm2 in thickness and performed calculations by
ETACHA code [3] to succeed in reproducing the experimental results sufficiently, although ETACHA has
been designed for higher energy (>10MeV/u) region [4]. We have also started another simulation for Sq+ ion
fractions, in which the electron transfer cross sections V qq ' are calculated with codes applicable to thepresent collision energy [5]. In this report, results of our extensive measurements, deriving charge stateevolution for 2.0 MeV/u S ions of all the initial charge states between 6+ and 14+ are presented.
The present experiments were performed at the LIR1–3 beam line of the 20UR Tandem Accelerator Facility.
A beam of 2.0 MeV/u (64 MeV) S6+, S7+ or S8+ ions was provided from the tandem accelerator within 0.1%
of energy accuracy, using a calibrated energy analyzing magnet. A post-stripper C-foil of ~20 Pg/cm2 inthickness was placed after the energy analyzing magnet to produce higher charge state projectile ions. Theenergy losses at the post-stripper foil were estimated to be at most 0.7% by our separate measurement ofcusp electron energies with zero-degree electron spectroscopy [6]. The primary Sq+ (q = 68) or poststripped Sq+ (q = 914) ion beam was directed by a switching magnet to a self-support carbon target foil of
0.9, 1.1, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.7, 6.9 and 10 Pg/cm2 in thickness. The charge state distributions after foil penetration
were measured using the heavy ion magnetic spectrometer ENMA and a position-sensitive gas chamber
detector. The vacuum condition inside the spectrometer was maintained below 106 Pa to eliminate thebackground charge exchange collisions with residual gas, which was confirmed by measurements without
target foil.
Measured charge state fractions for 2.0 MeV/u Sq+ (q = 69, 12, 14) ion incidences are shown in
Fig. 1. The statistical errors are less than 1% for almost all the points, except for Sq+ (q = 68) ion
fractions of S6+ projectile. Typical total error values are estimated as 20% for the smallest fractions around
1.0 u 105 and less than 0.5% for the largest fractions around 0.3. It can be seen that the fractions do notcompletely flat off in the measured foil thickness range, and the mean charge states and the widths still1

Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University
Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
3
National Center for University Entrance Examinations
2− 87 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

100 0
1010-1 -1
10
10-2 -2
10
10-3 -3
10
10-4 -4
10(a) S6+(a) S6+

0
0
1010
-1
-1
1010

(b) S
(b) S7+

7+

-2 -2
1010
-3 -3
1010
-4 -4
1010

8+
(c)
(c) S
S8+

0 0
1010

(d)S9+
S
(d)

9+

16+
16+
15+
15+
14+
14+
13+
13+
12+
12+
11+
11+
10+
10+
9+ 9+
8+ 8+
7+ 7+
6+ 6+

-1 -1
1010
-2 -2
1010
-3 -3
1010
-4 -4
1010
-5 -5
1010

00

22

44

66

88

(i)(i)S14+
S14+

12+
S12+
S

10 0
0
10

44
22
2
Target Thickness
Thickness (Pg/cm
Target(Pg/cm2))

66

88

10
10

6+
7+
8+
9+
12+
14+
Fig.
Chargestate
stateevolution
evolutionfor
for 2.0
2.0 MeV/u
MeV/u S
S6+
Fig.
1 1Charge,, S
S7+,, SS8+,, SS9+,, SS12+and
andSS214+projectiles
projectilespenetrated
penetrated
through C-foil targets of 0.9, 1.1, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.7, 6.9 and 10 Pg/cm 2in thickness. Error bars
through C-foil targets of 0.9, 1.1, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.7, 6.9
and 10 Pg/cm in thickness. Error bars
account only for the statistical error and those for S(159)+(159)+ fractions are less than the symbol
account only for the statistical error and those for S 10+ fractions
are less than the symbol
13+
size for all the data points. Charge state evolution for S 10+, S11+
11+and S 13+ions has already been
size for all the data points. Charge state evolution for S , S and S ions has already beenpresented in the previous annual reports [2].
presented in the previous annual reports [2].

increasing creepily respectively around 12.4 and 1.06, expectedly to reach the equilibrium value of 12.62
increasing creepily respectively around 12.4 and 1.06, expectedly to reach the equilibrium value of 12.62
and 1.10 [1], for all the initial charge states.
and 1.10 [1], for all the initial charge states.
References
References[1] A. B. Wittkower and H. D. Betz, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 5 (1973) 5; K. Shima et al., At. Data Nucl.
[1] A.Data
B. Wittkower
and H.173;
D. Betz,
At. Data
Tables(1973) 5;
K.(1988)
Shima212.
et al., At. Data Nucl.
Tables 51 (1992)
K. Shima
et al.,Nucl.
Nucl.Data
Instrum.
and5Method
B33
Data
Tables51 (1992)
173; K. 2005-004
Shima et al.,Nucl.
and Method
B33(2006)(1988)77.
212.
[2]
M. Imai
et al.,
JAEA-Review(2006)
65;Instrum.
JAEA-Review
2006-029[2][3]
M.J.Imaiet al.,
JAEA-Review(2006)
P. Rozet
et JAEA-Review
al., J. Phys. B222005-004(1989) 33;(2006)
Nucl. 65;
Instrum.
and Method2006-029
B107 (1996)
67.77.
[3][4]J. M.
P. Rozetal.,Nucl.
J. Phys.
B22 (1989)
Nucl.
Instrum.
Imai etetal.,
Instrum.
Method33;
B230(2005)
63. and Method B107 (1996) 67.
[4][5]M.M.Imai
63.
Imaietetal.,al.,Nucl.
Nucl.Instrum.
Instrum.Method
Method B230
B256 (2005)(2007) 11.
[5][6]
M.M.Imaiet al.,
Nucl.
Instrum.
MethodB256(2007)
Satakaet al.,
Phys.
Rev. A65(2002)
052704;
M.11.
Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Method B67 (1992) 142.
[6] M. Sataka et al., Phys. Rev. A65 (2002) 052704; M. Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Method B67 (1992) 142.

− 88 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

CHAPTER 7
Radiation Effects in Materials

7.1

Microstructure and Ion Configuration of Spinel Compound Irradiated with
Swift Heavy Ions

7.2

Effects of Accumulation of Ion Tracks and Pre-Implantation of Xe Ions on
Microstructure Changes in CeO2

7.3

A Trial Usage of Microprobes for Improvement of a Scanning SQUID Microscope

7.4

Study on Irradiation-Induced Magnetic Transition in FeRh Alloys by
Using X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism

7.5

Electronic Sputtering of Nitrides and Oxides by High-Energy Heavy Ions

7.6

X-Ray Diffraction Study of CeO2 Irradiated with High-Energy Heavy Ions

7.7

Swift Heavy Ion Induced Structural Modifications in Single Crystalline D-Al2O3

7.8

Hardness Modification in FeCu Alloys by Using Radiation Enhanced Segregation− 89 −

This is a blank page

JAEA-Review

2007-046

7.1 MICROSTRUCTURE AND ION CONFIGURATION OF SPINEL COMPOUNDIRRADIATED WITH SWIFT HEAVY IONS
K. YASUDA1, T. YAMAMOTO1, S. KAWASOE1, S. MATSUMURA1 and
N. ISHIKAWA

Considerable attention has been devoted to magnesium aluminate spinel as a host of inert
matrix fuels in light water reactors and a transmutation target for minor actinides and/or longlife fission products. Radiation damage by fission products is one of the major concerns underthese radiation environments, under which ion tracks formation will occur in these materials
due to the high density electronic excitation [1-3].
In the present study, atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations
and analyses have been undertaken on single crystals of magnesium aluminate spinel(MgOnAl2O3) with stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric composition, to understand thestructure of ion tracks induced by swift heavy ions. Swift heavy ions of 200 MeV Xe and 350
MeV Au were irradiated at the Tandem Accelerator Facility of JAEA-Tokai at an ambient
temperature to fluence from 1x1015 to 4x1017 ions/m2. A combination of TEM techniques,
which includes high-resolustion (HR) and bright-field (BF) imaging, and high angularresolution electron channeling spectroscopy (HARECXS) analysis, was utilized. The
electronic stopping powers for Xe and Au ions were 25 and 35 keV/nm, respectively, at thesurface region of specimens where TEM observations and analyses were performed.
Figure 1 shows HRTEM images of MgO1.1Al2O3 irradiated with 350 MeV Xe ions to afluence of 3x1015 ions/m2. Traces of 350 MeV Au ions were seen as dark contrasts, indicatingthat considerable lattice strain was induced around the ion tracks. In the magnified image of
Figure 1, lattice images with half lattice spacing are seen at the core region of ion tracks. Thissuggests that high-density electronic excitation by 350 MeV Au ions causes the preferential
occupation of cations at octahedral sites than tetrahedral ones [2]. Figure 2 shows BF imagesof MgO1.1Al2O3 taken under justfocus, underfocus and overfocus conditions. Strings ofblack/white reverse contrast were seen at overfocus/underfocus conditions in specimens
irradiated with 350 MeV Au ions. The formation of these phase contrast suggests the decrease
in atomic density at the core region of ion tracks [2,3] and might be related to the preferential
occupation of cations at octahedral sites.
1

Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear engineering, Kyushu University− 91 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

The present study includes the result of ‘Study on radiation damage in oxide ceramics for thetransmutation of long life radio isotopes’ entrusted to Kyushu University by the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT).

Figure 1 High-resolution electron micrographs of MgO·1.1Al2O3 irradiated with 350 MeV Au ions. The
right side micrograph is the magnified image of the inside of a frame in the left side micrograph.

Figure 2 Bright-field images of MgO·1.1Al2O3 irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions ((a) to (c)) or 350 MeV Au
ions ((d) to (f)) taken with a kinematical diffraction condition under justfocus, underfocus and overfocus
conditions. Micrographs were taken with inclining specimens to show their traces. The directions ofincident ions are from left side to right side.

References[1] T. Yamamoto, M. Shimada, K. Yasuda, S. Matsumura, Y. Chimi and N. Ishikawa, Nucl.
Instr. and Meth. Phys. Res., B, 245 (2006) 235.
[2] K. Yasuda, T. Yamamoto, M. Shimada, S. Matsumura, Y. Chimi and N. Ishikawa, Nucl.
Instr. and Meth. Phys. Res., B. 250 (2006) 238.
[3] Kazuhiro Yasuda, Tomokazu Yamamoto and Syo Matsumura, JOM, April (2007) 27.
− 92 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

7.2 EFFECTS OF ACCUMULATION OF ION TRACKS AND PRE-IMPLANTATION OF
Xe IONS ON MICROSTRUCTURE CHANGES IN CeO2
T. SONODA1, N. ISHIKAWA, M. SATAKA, K. YASUNAGA2, M. KINOSHITA1 and A. IWASE3
In order to extend the burnup of LWR fuels, formation and growth mechanism of a crystallographic
re-structuring in the periphery region of high burnup fuel pellets, namely “rim structure” [1] should beclarified. This structure is characterized by the existence of highly dense small sub-grains whose size isapproximately 200 nm, and the accumulation of small pores with average size around 1 Pm. The
structure can be formed by the accumulation and mutual interactions of radiation damages, fission
products (FPs) and electronic excitations deposited partially by nuclear fissions [2,3].
In order to clarify the effects of accumulation of ion tracks that are formed by highly dense electronic
excitation, 210 MeV Xe ions irradiation examinations on CeO2, as a simulation of fluorite ceramics of
UO2, have been done at JAEA-Tandem accelerator facility. Moreover, in order to simulate the retained
FP gas in high burnup fuels, 240 keV Xe ions are pre-implanted in CeO2 by use of ion implanter with
ECR ion source. Microstructure evolutions in the irradiated samples are observed in a FE-SEM(JSM-6340F) and a FE-TEM (HF-3000) at CRIEPI. This study was financially supported by the
Budget for Nuclear Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology,
based on the screening and counseling by the Atomic Energy Commission.
Fig.1 (a) - (d) shows the typical SEM images of irradiated surfaces in CeO2 under irradiation with 210
MeV Xe+14 at 300 °C to a fluence of (a) 1 x 1013 ions/cm2, (b) 3 x 1014 ions/cm2, (c) 1 x 1015 ions/cm2and (d) 2 x 1015 ions/cm2. This figure indicates that the drastic change of the surface condition is
occurred between (b) 3 x 1014 ions/cm2 and (c) 1 x 1015 ions/cm2. High magnification image of thesurface roughness in the sample (d), as shown in Fig. 1 (e), has similar morphology of small
sub-divided grains that are observed in inner surfaces of coarsened bubbles (size : ~1Pm) in highburnup fuels[2]. A cross-sectional TEM image of the sample (d) is indicated in Fig. 1 (f). In this figure,the grain boundaries are observed at around 100nm depth from the irradiated surface whosemorphology is changed. This result suggests a possibility that the surface roughness is caused bysub-divided grains. Several irradiation examinations whose irradiation temperature up to 800 °C
confirm that the drastic change of surface morphology in all irradiated area is caused at a fluence toover 5 x 1014 ions/cm2. These results clarify that the overlapping of ion tracks is needed for the drasticchange of surface morphology.
For the simulation of high burnup fuels, high fluence implantation of 240 keV Xe ions (~ 1 x 1016
ions/cm2) at room temperature are prepared before irradiation with 210 MeV Xe ions. Fig. 2 indicates
the typical SEM image of irradiated surface in CeO2 under irradiation with (a) 210 MeV Xe+14 to afluence of 2 x 1014 ions/cm2 at 600 °C, (b) 240 keV Xe+12 to a fluence of 1 x 1016 ions/cm2 at R. T. +210 MeV Xe+14 to a fluence of 1 x 1014 ions/cm2 at 300 °C, (c) 240 keV Xe+12 to a fluence of 1 x 1016
ions/cm2 at R. T. + 210 MeV Xe+14 to a fluence of 3 x 1014 ions/cm2 at 300 °C, and (d) 320 keV Xe+16
to a fluence of 2 x 1015 ions/cm2 at R. T. + 210 MeV Xe+14 to a fluence of 1 x 1014 ions/cm2 at 500 °C.
Fig. 2 (a) and (b) suggest that the formation of surface roughness tends to be accelerated by the1

Sector, Nuclear Power Generation Technology, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Instituteof Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)
2
Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University
3
Department of Materials Science , Osaka Prefecture University− 93 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

pre-implantation of Xe ions. Moreover, Fig. 2 (b)-(d) also shows the possibility of temperature effects
on the acceleration of the surface modification.
210 MeV Xe14+, 300䉝

100 nm(e)
Surface

Grain
Boundary㻝㽢㻝㻜㻝㻟 㻛㼏㼙㻞(a)㻟㽢㻝㻜㻝㻠 㻛㼏㼙㻞(b)㻝㽢㻝㻜㻝㻡 㻛㼏㼙㻞

(c)

2 Pm

㻞㽢㻝㻜㻝㻡 㻛㼏㼙㻞(d)

100 nm(f)+14

Fig. 1 SEM images of irradiated surfaces in CeO2 under irradiation with 210 MeV Xe to a fluence of (a) 1 x 1013 /cm2, (b) 3
x 1014 /cm2, (c) 1 x 1015 /cm2 and (d) 2 x 1015 /cm2, at 300 °C. The image of (e) and (f) is the high magnification SEM image
and the cross-sectional TEM image of the sample (d), respectively.
Non pre-implantation

Pre-implantation㻞㻝㻜㻌㻹㼑㼂 㼄㼑㻞㽢㻝㻜㻝㻠 㻛㼏㼙㻞㻢㻜㻜㻌䉝㻞㻠㻜㻌㻷㼑㼂 㼄㼑㻞㻝㻜㻌㻹㼑㼂 㼄㼑㻝㽢㻝㻜㻝㻢 㻛㼏㼙㻞㻌㻌㻌㻗㻌㻌㻝㽢㻝㻜㻝㻠 㻛㼏㼙㻞
㻾㻚㼀㻚
㻟㻜㻜㻌䉝

(a)

(b)

㻞㻠㻜㻌㻷㼑㼂 㼄㼑㻞㻝㻜㻌㻹㼑㼂 㼄㼑㻝㽢㻝㻜㻝㻢 㻛㼏㼙㻞 㻗㻌㻟㽢㻝㻜㻝㻠 㻛㼏㼙㻞㻾㻚㼀㻚㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻟㻜㻜㻌䉝

(c)

2 Pm
㻟㻞㻜㻌㻷㼑㼂 㼄㼑㻞㻝㻜㻌㻹㼑㼂 㼄㼑㻞㽢㻝㻜㻝㻡 㻛㼏㼙㻞 㻗㻌㻝㽢㻝㻜㻝㻠 㻛㼏㼙㻞㻾㻚㼀㻚㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻡㻜㻜㻌䉝

(d)

+14

Fig. 2 SEM image of irradiated surface in CeO2 under irradiation with (a) 210 MeV Xe to a fluence of 2 x 1014 /cm2 at
600 °C, (b) 240 keV Xe+12 to a fluence of 1 x 1016 /cm2 at R. T. + 210 MeV Xe+14 to a fluence of 1 x 1014 /cm2 at 300 °C, (c)240 keV Xe+12 to a fluence of 1 x 1016 /cm2 at R. T. + 210 MeV Xe+14 to a fluence of 3 x 1014 /cm2 at 300 °C, and (d) 320 keV
Xe+16 to a fluence of 2 x 1015 /cm2 at R. T. + 210 MeV Xe+14 to a fluence of 1 x 1014 /cm2 at 500 °C.

References[1] J. O. Barner, M. E. Cunningham, M. D. Freshley, and D. D. Lanning, HBEP-61, 1990, Battelle
Pacific Northwest Laboratories.
[2] T. Sonoda, M. Kinoshita, I.L.F. Ray, T. Wiss, H. Thiele, D. Pellottiero, V.V. Rondinella and Hj.
Matzke, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 191 (2002) 622.
[3] T. Sonoda, M. Kinoshita, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka, A. Iwase, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B (2006),
B 250 (2006) 254-258.
− 94 −

JAEA-Review

7.3

2007-046

A TRIAL USAGE OF MICROPROBES FOR IMPROVEMENT OFA SCANNING SQUID MICROSCOPE
S. OKAYASU, M. SATAKA, I.KAKEYA1 and N. KOKUBO2

A scanning SQUID microscope is a powerful tool for direct observations of vortices (fluxoid
quantum) [1,2]. We have been investigating the relation between the vortices and columnar
defects introduced by heavy ion irradiation in high Tc superconductors. A small pickup-coilconnected a SQUID device scans on the surface of the sample, and local magnetizations aremeasured. Magnetic sensitivity of this tool is high enough, but spatial resolution is limited by
the size of pickup coils. To improve the spatial resolution, a trial usage of microprobe on the
pickup coil was achieved. Obtained images are expanded about 4 times the sizes of theoriginal images without the microprobe, and the attached microprobe acts as a magnetic lens.
All images are obtained by a commercial scanning SQUID microscope (SQM-2000, SII
NanoTechnology) with a standard 10 ȝm diameter pickup coil. All measured temperatures are
below 4 K in a residual magnetic field (~1ȝT). A commercial cantilever for MFM (SI-MF3N,
SII) was used as a small magnetic guide rod. Under a microscope, the apical end of thecantilever with a sharp exploring needle was placed on the standard scanning device. The
needle was settled on the center of the coil. The settled needle was fixed with GE varnish. For
detailed preparation, see fig.1. The evaluation of this modified scanning device was achievedby usual two shipping inspections, one vortex observation on niobium film and the othermeander line detection. For usual usage, the pickup coil is scanned just on the sample surface
to maintain the highest spatial resolution (contact scan mode, CS mode). For measurementsin this study, on the other hand, the modified pickup coil is adjusted and its position is justabove the surface without contacting the sample during the scanning (no contact scan mode,
NCS mode) to avoid scratching the sample surface by the needle.
Figure 2 shows some snap shots of vortex arrangement of the sample of niobium film. The
scanned area was 315 ȝm x 315 ȝm with a 5 ȝm step. The boundary between bright and dark
regions of the upper part in fig.2 is the edge of niobium. In fig.2, approximately 30 vortex
images can be observed. The contrast of each vortex is not high enough. Within a square
shown in the figure, the integrated value of vortex is almost the same to the quantized vortex
ĭ0 (=2.07x103 ȝT ȝm2) for fig.2-(a). On the other hand, the integrated value of the same
region is 0.3ĭ0 for fig.2-(b) in spite of almost the same measurement conditions. The
quantitative certainty or reproducibility for the measurement is not guaranteed. The
impedance of the pickup coil circuit changed due to the addition of the cantilever, and the
SQUID tuning deviated from an optimum condition.
1
2

Univ. of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 810-8560, Japan− 95 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Pickup coilcantileverFig.1 Microprobe preparation on the pickup coil of the scanning SQUID microscope.
(a) A cantilever of MFM is settled on the SQUID device. The pickup coil is located at
upper right end. (b) The cantilever is slid with a needle on the device. (c) The
cantilever near the pickup coil. (d) The cantilever is settled on the coil. After this, thecantilever is fixed with GE varnish

Fig.2 Vortex images for the sample of niobium film taken with the modified
pickup coil. Scanned range is 315 ȝm x 315 ȝm with a 5 ȝm step. The measured
temperature is 4.2K. Almost 30 vortices can be observed in both viewgraphs.
The diameter of each vortex is larger than the standard pickup coil case. In spiteof almost the same experimental conditions between (a) and (b), the integrated
values within a square shown in the figure are different, 0.9ĭ0 for (a) and 0.3ĭ0for (b). The quantitative certainty is not guaranteed for the measurements byusing the microprobe.
References[1] S. Okayasu, T. Nishio, M. Ono, T. Mashimo, Y. Tanaka, A. Iyo, Physica C437-438(2006) 239.
[2] Y. Hata, J. Suzuki, I Kakeya, K. Kadowaki, S. Nakayama, S. A. Nagata, A. Odawara, K.
Chinone, Physica C378-381 (2002) 420.
− 96 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

  7.4 STUDY ON IRRADIATION-INDUCED MAGNETIC TRANSITION IN FeRh
ALLOYS BY USING X-RAY MAGNETIC CIRCULAR DICHROISM
A. IWASE1, M. FUKUZUMI1, Y. ZUSHI1, M. SUZUKI2, M. TAKAGAKI2, N. KAWAMURA2,
Y. CHIMI, N. ISHIKAWA, J. MIZUKI and F. ONO3

Recently, we have found that swift heavy ion irradiation induces the ferromagnetism in Fe-50% Rh alloy
at low temperatures. To study the details of the ion-induced ferromagnetism, we have used the X-ray
Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD). Specimens used in the present study were Fe-50 at.%Rh alloy
sheets, dimension of which was 5.0 x 5.0 x 0.2 mm3. The specimens were irradiated at room temperature
with 136Xe ions using the tandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai. For ion-irradiated Fe-50%Rh specimens,
the XMCD measurement at 20 K under the external magnetic filed of 0.6 T near the Fe K-edge (7.11
keV) was carried out using a helicity-modulation method on the beam line 39XU of SPring-8
synchrotron facility. As the specimens were not thin films but thick sheets, we used the fluorescencemethod.
Figure 1 shows the ion-fluence variation of the XMCD spectrum at the Fe K-edge for 200 MeV 136Xe
irradiation. The XMCD spectra for ion-irradiated specimens are characterized by a dispersion typeprofile with a positive peak, labeled “A” around 7.112 keV with a negative peak “B” around 7.119 keV.
In addition, another positive peak “C” appears around 7.122 keV. As can be seen in Fig.1, XMCD
intensities at peaks A and B vary systematically with increasing the ion-fluence. The experimental resultshows that the swift heavy ion irradiation definitely induces the ferromagnetism in Fe-50at.%Rh alloy at
20 K, and the ferromagnetic state develops with increasing the ion –fluence. The intensity of XMCD is
proportional to the mean magnetic moment of the specified element (in the present case, Fe), which is
projected onto the direction of the incident x-rays. Therefore, we have adopted the intensity difference
between the height of positive peak A and that of negative peak B as a measure of the mean magnetic
moment of Fe in the ion-irradiated Fe-50at.%Rh. To study which energy deposition process mainly
contributes to the enhancement of the magnetic moment in Fe-50at%Rh alloy, the magnetic moment
induced per unit-fluence is plotted as a function of nuclear stopping power, Sn, and electronic stopping
power, Se, in Fig. 2. Since the attenuation length of the X-ray is about 2.5 Pm, values of Sn and Se forirradiating ions can be used as a parameter of energy deposition in the specimen. The figure indicates thatthe ion-irradiation induced magnetic moment is well correlated both with Sn and with Se. The magnetic
moment is nearly proportional to Sn0.6 and to Se1.8. Up to the present, we cannot decide which process isdominant for the enhancement of Fe magnetic moment, and the physical meaning of its power
dependence on Se and Sn still remains uncertain.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Osaka Prefecture University
2 Japan Synchrotron Research Institute (JASRI)
3 Okayama University− 97 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Fe K-edge XMCD (arb. units)

0.001
5e12
1e13
1e14

200 MeV 136Xe
AC

0-0.001
7.1

B
7.11
7.12
7.13
photon energy (keV)

7.14

Fig.1. Ion-fluence variation of Fe K-edge XMCD spectra for Fe-50%Rh
irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions to the fluences of 5x1012, 1x1013 and1x1014/cm2.
1000

magnetic moment
per unit fluence (arb. units)magnetic moment
per unit fluence (arb. units)
100
0.01

1000

(a)

Sn0.6

0.1
Sn (MeV/(mg/cm2)

1

100
10

(b)

Se1.8

Se (MeV/(mg/cm2)

Fig. 2. (a) Sn dependence of Fe magnetic moment and (b) Se dependence of Fe magnetic moment.

− 98 −

100

JAEA-Review

2007-046

7.5 ELECTRONIC SPUTTERING OF NITRIDES ANDOXIDES BY HIGH-ENERGY HEAVY IONS
N. MATSUNAMI1, M. SATAKA2, S. OKAYASU2 and M. TAZAWA3
We have extended measurements of the electronic sputtering yields to nitrides (Si3N4 andAlN) and oxides (Y2O3 and ZrO2) for a better understanding of the electronic sputtering, i.e.,energy transfer mechanism from the electronic system to lattice [1]. It will be shown that thepresent data fits to the suggested bad-gap dependence, indicating again the importance of the
band-gap in the electronic sputtering [2] and supporting the multi-exciton model [3].
The sputtering yields Y, obtained by carbon-film collector method, are fitted to power
dependence on the electronic stopping power Se: Y=(BSe)n. The results are summarized inTable 1. The sputtering yields are much larger than the calculated sputtering yields Yc basedon the elastic collisions. The sputtering yields at Se=15 keV/nm vs the band-gap Eg areplotted in Fig. 1. So far, the suggestion [2] holds for twelve oxides and two nitrides that the
sputtering yields at a given electronic stopping power take the upper limit.
In Fig. 1, one notices that the sputtering yields of MgO and Al2O3 are much smaller thanthose of SiO2, though they have a similar band-gap of ~8 eV. It is known [4, 5] that
self-trapped-exciton (STX), i.e., localized-excited state exists in both amorphous (a)- andcrystalline (c)-SiO2, does not in MgO and ZnO, and probably does not in Al2O3. Existence of
STX is unknown for other materials in Table 1. Hence its existence is unlikely a sole factor
determining the electronic sputtering yields and the multi-exciton model [3] has beensuggested independent of existence of STX.
Table 1 Summary of electronic sputtering yields (Y) and relevant parameters, band-gap (Eg) anddifference in the electronegativity (¨Ȥ).
Samplec-SiO2
a-SiO2
SCO
Al2O3
MgAl2O4
MgO
Si3N4
AlN
Y2O3
ZrO2
SrTiO3
CeO2
TiO2
ZnO

Y=(BSe)n
B
n
0.58
3
0.58
3
0.8
2.2
0.25
1.4
0.13
1.8
0.075 3
0.68
2
0.86
1.5
0.24
3
0.052 2
0.14
3.6
0.12
4
0.18
2.5
0.15
1.8

Y(Se=15keV/nm)
660
660
240
6.4
3.3
1.4
104
46
47
1.8
14
10
12
4.1

Y/Yc

Eg (eV)

¨Ȥ

2E3
2E3
1.5E3
200
100
40
1.2E3
1E3
150
30
200
100
350
30

8.9
8.3
7.5
8.8
7.0
7.7
5.7
6.0
5.5
4.9
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.2

1.76
1.76
2.03
2.27
1.33
1.6
2.39
2.28
2.42
2.18
1.84

_____________________________________________________________________
1
Division of Energy Science, EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University
2
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)− 99 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

SPUTTERING YIELDThe evaporation yield Yt for SiO2 is estimated to be ~0.01 for Se=20 keV/nm, assuming thethermal spike model [6] and it is far smaller than the experimental sputtering yields of
1.6x103 [1]. This indicates that the thermal spike model is unsound for the electronic
sputtering. Furthermore, covalency can be estimated based on the difference in theelectronegativity ¨Ȥ (see Table 1) and we have examined whether the suggestion [7] thatmaterials characterized by covalent bond is more sensitive to radiation than ionic bond iseffective for the electronic sputtering or not. The suggestion seems to work for SiO2, MgO
and Al2O3. For other cases, no simple relation between the covalency and the electronic
sputtering yields is found [1].

a-SiO 2

1000

SCO

100

Y2O3
TiO 2

10

15 keV/nm

1

ZnO

STO

Eg4
c-SiO2

Si3N4
AlN
Al O

CeO 2

2

3

MgAl2O4

ZrO2(YSZ)

MgO

0.1
1

BAND GAP Eg (eV)10Fig. 1 Sputtering yields at Se=15 keV/nm as a function of the band-gap Eg.
Dashed line indicates Eg4-dependence for the upper limits of the sputtering yields.
An estimated error is 20 %.
References[1] N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu, M. Tazawa, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B256 (2007) 333.
[2] N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, A. Iwase, S. Okayasu, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B209 (2003) 288.
[3] N. Matsunami, O. Fukuoka, T. Shimura, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B230
(2005) 507.
[4] N. Itoh, A. M. Stoneham, Materials Modification by Electronic Excitation, Cambridge,
2001.
[5] P. Martin, S. Guizard, Ph. Daguzan, G. Petite, P. D’Oliveira, P. Meynadier, M. Perdrix,
Phys. Rev. B55(1997)5799.
[6] M. Toulemonde, W. Assmann, C. Trautmann, F. Gruner, H. D. Mieskes, H. Kucal,
Z. G. Wang, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 212 (2003) 346.
[7] K. Trachenko, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16 (2004) R1491.

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JAEA-Review

7.6

2007-046

X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF CeO2 IRRADIATED
WITH HIGH-ENERGY HEAVY IONS

N. ISHIKAWA, Y. CHIMI, O. MICHIKAMI1, Y. OHTA1, M. LANG2 and R. NEUMANN2

Nuclear fuels in light water reactors (LWR) are subjected to various high-energy particles
such as neutrons and fission fragments (Xe, Kr, etc.). It is known that high-energy fission
products create serious damage in the UO2 crystal structure, leading to swelling anddegradation of thermal properties. Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is one of the ceramics which havethe same structure (fluorite structure) as UO2 and also a similar melting temperature. In order
to investigate the damage process of UO2 fuel ceramics, the simulation material CeO2 isirradiated with high-energy projectiles, such as 2.7-GeV U, 200-MeV Au, and 230-MeV Xe.
Thin films of CeO2 were prepared on sapphire substrates by dc sputtering. The film thickness
was about 300 nm. The films were irradiated at room temperature with 2.7-GeV U from the
UNILAC accelerator at GSI and with 200-MeV Au and 230-MeV Xe from the tandem
accelerator at Tokai Research and Development Centre, Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA-Tokai). In order to investigate the degradation of the crystal structure, X-ray
diffraction (XRD) patterns were measured before and after the irradiation. The XRD peaks
corresponding to (002) and (004) reflections are observed before irradiation. In this study
irradiation-induced change of the (002) peak intensity is investigated. The electronic stopping
power is calculated by the SRIM-2003 code.
By 2.7-GeV U irradiation the intensity of the (002) XRD peak monotonically decreases as afunction of ion fluence. It is known that in most ceramic materials a high-energy heavy ion
creates a track along its path. The ion-track has typically a diameter of several nanometers.
The crystal structure inside the track can be amorphous or have a disordered lattice depending
on ion mass, ion energy, and target material. It is expected that, if the interior of the track issufficiently damaged, the track does not contribute to X-ray diffraction and the XRD intensity
decreases exponentially as a function of fluence. By using a simple Poisson rule, the decreasein the XRD intensity can be written as
I())=Ioexp(-A)),(1)

where I()) is the intensity of XRD peak as a function of ion-fluence ), Io the I() ), andA
the area of a single track.
1

Iwate University

2

GSI(Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung)− 101 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

As shown in Fig. 1, equation (1) holds only for 2.7-GeV U irradiation. From the above
formula, a track diameter of 15 nm can be derived for 2.7-GeV U irradiation. For 200-MeV
Au and 230-MeV Xe irradiations, however, equation (1) is not valid, and the decrease in XRD
intensity tends to saturate in the high-fluence region. It is already known that for 210-MeV Xeirradiation [1], ion tracks are formed, but the crystal lattice inside the track is maintained.
Based on this finding, the XRD peak behavior for 200-MeV Au and 230-MeV Xe irradiations
can be explained as follows. Even if ion tracks cover the whole sample, they do notcompletely destroy the crystal structure, and the lattice order is maintained. This leads tosaturation of the intensity decrease. The degree of damage in the high-fluence region is higher
for 200-MeV Au than for 230-MeV Xe. The electronic stopping powers for 2.7-GeV U,
200-MeV Au, and 230-MeV Xe irradiations are 57.3 keV/nm, 32.0 keV/nm, and 28.6 keV/nm,
respectively. The degree of damage increases with increasing electronic stopping power as
demonstrated in Fig 1.

ln(I/Io)

0

230MeV Xe–2

Fig.1 Logarithm of normalized XRD

200MeV Au–40intensity as a function of fluence forthe irradiations with 230-MeV Xe,

2.7GeV U
2

4

12

6

2

Fluence (10 ions/cm )200-MeV Au, and 2.7-GeV U.

8Reference[1] T. Sonoda, M. Kinoshita, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka, A. Iwase, Nucl. Instrum.
Methods Phys. Res. B 250 (2006) 254.

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JAEA-Review

7.7

2007-046

SWIFT HEAVY ION INDUCED STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONSIN SINGLE CRYSTALLINE D-Al2O3

N. OKUBO, T. NAKAZAWA, T. ARUGA, M. SATAKA and S. JITSUKAWA
Aluminum oxide (D-Al2O3) is expected as functional materials in a field of nuclear energy
e.g. an insulating material and window used for plasma diagnosis in a fusion reactor and an
inert matrix material of geological disposal of high level radioactive waste. Recently,
amorphization in ceramics such as D-Al2O3, which affects the physical and mechanicalproperties, is attracted as a phenomenon induced by high energy ion irradiations [1]. In
previous studies, we have reported that amorphous phase is caused in polycrystalline
aluminum oxide by ion irradiation with high-density electronic energy depositions (Se),although lattice structure of the aluminum oxide is stable against nuclear energy depositions(Sn) [2]. The amorphization behaviors caused by high-density Se indicated dependences on thespecimen depth and grain orientation around the amorphized-crystalline region. We reported
that new lattice planes, which meant lattice distorted, formed in the early stage of irradiation
around the fluence of 5.0 x 1013 ions/cm2 for single crystalline D-Al2O3 irradiated with 160
MeV-Xe ions [3]. Moreover, the amorphization appeared to take place by the irradiation
above the fluence of 1.0 x 1014 ions/cm2. Detailed mechanism of the amorphization inducedby ion irradiation has not been clearly understood. In this study, we reported energy
dependence of structural modifications leading to amorphization in crystalline D-Al2O3
irradiated by swift heavy ions.
Single crystalline D-Al2O3 specimens with (0001) surface were irradiated with several
energies of Xe ions at ambient temperature, by using the Tandem Accelerator of JAEA. The
irradiation energy was from 160 to 68 MeV by using aluminum foil energy degrader. The
specimens used were 10 x 10 mm2 plates with 0.5 mm thickness. The fluence was 2.0 x 1014
ions/cm2. The electronic energy deposition (Se), nuclear energy deposition (Sn) at the surface
and projected range (Rp) of the Xe ions in the D-Al2O3 were calculated with the SRIM2000[4] (See Table 1). X-ray diffractometry (XRD) for the specimens before and after irradiations
were conducted in the range of 20 to 110 degree for 2 T The accumulative time and step
angle were 2.0 second and 0.004 degree, respectively, and the specimen was rotated parallel
to c axis. The specimen was covered by Au film with 10 Pm thickness and 3mmI hole toeliminate XRD signals from the unirradiated region.
The XRD patterns of the specimens before and after irradiations at various energies are shownin the range of 41 to 42.5 degree for 2 T in Fig. 1. A strong peak is observed at 41.7 degree inthe XRD pattern for the specimen before irradiation. The peak is due to Al2O3 (0006) plane.
The XRD intensities of the irradiated specimens were normalized to that of the pristine Al2O3(0006) peak. After the irradiation, new two peaks appear around 41.4 (peak 1) and 41.6 (peak2) degree as shown by arrows in the figure. Each angle of peak 1 and 2 did not changed in thisenergy range, while the peaks shifted depending on ion fluence [3]. The intensities of the peak
− 103 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

2 are almost equal, though the peak 1 decreases gradually as decreasing the energy below 100
MeV. Though origins of the two peaks have not been identified yet, interplanar spacing in theirradiated specimens expands by the irradiations and does not depend on the ion energy in thisstudy. Threshold Se value of track formation in Al2O3 is about 20 keV/nm [5]. The energy of
20 keV/nm corresponds to the 100 MeV irradiation in this study. Then, the decrease of peak1
is considered to decreasing of ion track formation and their overlapping leading toamorphization.
In summery, energy dependence on structural modification was examined in single crystalline
D-Al2O3 irradiated by swift heavy ions. The XRD results indicate that the swift heavy ion
irradiation causes the lattice expansion and the structual modification leading toamorphization progresses above the energy of 100 MeV in this study. Elucidation of
mechanism on the amorphization is in progress by cross sectional TEM measurements.

Rp
Pm)

68

dE/dx
(keV/nm)
Se Sn
18 0.20100

21 0.158.2

130

23 0.129.5

160

25 0.10

10.7

Energy
(MeV)

6.5

Xe13+

Normalized Intensity (a.u)

Table 1
Irradiation conditions in D-Al2O3

Al2O3

2.0 x 1014 ions/cm2

1

Al2O3 (0006)

RT

2

68 MeV
100 MeV
130 MeV
160 MeV
Before irrad.

40.5

41.5

2 T (deg.)

42.5

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of Al2O3 specimens irradiatedby various energy Xe ions. Total fluence wasconstant at 2.0 × 1014 ions/cm2.

References[1] G. Szenes, J. Nucl. Mater. 336 (2005) 81-89.
[2] T. Aruga, Y. Katano, T. Ohmichi, S. Okayasu, Y. Kazumata, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B
166-167 (2000) 913-919.
[3] N. Okubo, T. Nakazawa, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa, T. Aruga and S. Jitsukawa, JAERI
Tandem Annual Reports, JAEA-REVIEW 2005-004, 2005, p. 90.
[4] J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids,(Pergamon Press, New York, 1985), Chap 8.
[5] S. M. M. Ramas, N. Bonardi, B. Canut, S. Bouffard and S. Della-Negra, Nucl. Instr. andMeth. B 143 (1998) 319-332.
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JAEA-Review

7.8

2007-046

HARDNESS MODIFICATION IN FeCu ALLOYS BY USINGRADIATION ENHANCED SEGREGATION

S. NAKAGAWA 1, F. HORI1, Y. CHIMI, N. ISHIKAWA, M. KITAGAWA 2, R. OSHIMA2,
T. TOBITA, R. TANIGUCHI1, M. SUZUKI and A. IWASE1When supersaturated alloys are irradiated with high energy particles, point defects areproduced and they enhance the diffusion of supersaturated atoms and their segregation. Thisphenomenon is called radiation enhanced segregation. This segregation under irradiation leads
to some changes in structures and properties of alloys. For Fe-based Cu alloys, as
Cu-precipitates act as obstacles against the dislocation motion, energetic particle irradiation
causes the increase in hardness of the alloys. The amount of hardness increase in FeCu alloys
depends on irradiation dose, dose rate, irradiation temperature and so on [1,2]. Therefore,
there exist some possibilities of local modification of structures and properties ofsupersaturated alloys using the radiation enhanced segregation because the segregation ofsupersaturated atoms is expected to occur only in the irradiated region. In this study, we use
the swift heavy ion irradiation for the local modification of hardness in FeCu alloys [3].
A supersaturated alloy, Fe-1.2 wt.% Cu was selected for this experiment. Specimens were
solution-annealed at 850 °C and then were quenched into the water. In this process, Cu atoms
were dissolved supersaturatedly in the matrix. The specimens were irradiated at 250 °C with
200 MeV Au and Xe ions using a 20 MV tandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai. During theirradiation, about a half area of each specimen was covered with a thick copper plate toproduce a straight boundary of irradiated and unirradiated regions. For some specimens,
masking plate with a circular hole was put on each specimen during the irradiation, which
restricted the ion-irradiation to the circular region. Changing loads and indents intervals,
Vickers microhardness was measured near the boundary of irradiated and unirradiated regions
after the irradiation. Using the result of some experiments, we determined the suitableconditions for the two-dimensional mapping of hardness change in the specimens which had
been covered with a masking plate with a circular hole during irradiation.
Fig. 1 shows the indent-depth dependence of the change in Vickers microhardness for Fe-1.2
wt.% Cu specimens irradiated with Xe and Au ions to the fluence of 1u1013/cm2 at 250 °C.
The data for an unirradiated specimen is also plotted. The Vickers microhardness forunirradiated specimen does not depend on the indent depth, meaning that the hardness isconstant over the observed depth. For the irradiated specimens, the hardness decreases
monotonically with increasing indent depth. This result indicates that the hardness only near
the surface layer about several – several tens Pm thick increases by the irradiation. Next, we
discuss the hardness change in Xe-irradiated specimens near the boundary of irradiated andunirradiated regions. Vickers microhardness was measured from unirradiated region to theirradiated region at a regular interval on a straight line perpendicular to the boundary. If theload is so large or the indentation interval is so small, the hardness increases during thesequential indentations because of the work-hardening. Fig. 2 shows the relationship between
Vickers microhardness and the measuring positions for the combination of applied load 50 gf
and indentation interval 0.25 mm. A dashed line in the figure presents the boundary of
1
2

Osaka Prefecture University
Osaka Nuclear Science Association (ONSA)− 105 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

unirradiated (left) and irradiated (right) regions. Using this indentation condition, Vickers
microhardness is constant in both regions and we can measure correctly the spatial
distribution of hardness. Fig. 3 shows the spatial distribution of hardness for a Xe-irradiatedspecimen. The hardness measurement was performed over an area of 5 mm u 5 mm with 20 u
20 data points. As the masking plate has a circular hole, the hardness only in the irradiatedcircular region increases. The present experiment implies that swift heavy ion irradiation canbe used for the local modification of hardness in supersaturated alloys.
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Fig. 1 Indent-depth dependence of Vickers
microhardness for 200 MeV Xe irradiationand 200 MeV Au irradiation. For
comparison, data for an unirradiatedspecimen are also plotted.

Irradiated

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

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Unirradiated

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Fig. 2 Vickers microhardness measured
ranging over the irradiated and unirradiatedregions at a regular interval.

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Fig. 3 Two-dimensional hardness
mapping for Xe ion irradiatedspecimen. During irradiation, thespecimen is covered with a thickcopper masking plate having acircular hole. Vickers microhardness
is measured at 20 u 20 data points.

References[1] T. Tobita, M. Suzuki, A. Iwase and K. Aizawa, J. Nucl. Mater. 299 (2001) 267-270.
[2] K. Morita, S. Ishino, T. Tobita, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa and A. Iwase, J. Nucl. Mater. 304(2002) 153-160.
[3] Shou Nakagawa, F. Hori, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa, M. Kitagawa, R. Oshima, T. Tobita, R.
Taniguchi, M. Suzuki and A. Iwase, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 257 (2007) 397-401.
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2007-046

CHAPTER 8
Publication in Journal and Proceedings, andContribution to Scientific Meetings

8.1

Accelerator Operation and Development

8.2

Nuclear Structure

8.3

Nuclear Reaction

8.4

Nuclear Chemistry

8.5

Nuclear Theory

8.6

Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics

8.7

Radiation Effects in Materials− 107 −

This is a blank page

JAEA-Review

8.1

2007-046

Accelerator Operation and Development

Journal/Proceedings
M. Matsuda et al.
Status Report of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator
Proc. of the 19th Workshop of the Tandem Accelerator and their Associated Technology,
Gunma, Paleo Labo Co.,Ltd. (July. 1-2, 2006) 9-12.
S. Hanashima
Update scheme of 180o bending magnet in the terminal of JAEA Tandem Accelerator
Proc. of the 19th Workshop of the Tandem Accelerator and their Associated Technology,
Gunma, Paleo Labo Co.,Ltd. (July. 1-2, 2006) 50-53.
㻌
K. Kutsukake, M. Nakamura, M. Matsuda, S. Hanashima and K. Horie
Troubleshooting for JAEA Tandem Accelerator
Proc. of the 19th Workshop of the Tandem Accelerator and their Associated Technology,
Gunma, Paleo Labo Co.,Ltd. (July. 1-2, 2006) 92-94.
㻌
M. Matsuda et al.
Present status of JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator
Proc. of the 3rd Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan and the 31th Linear
Accelerator Meeting in Japan, Sendai (Aug. 2-4, 2006) 275-277.
H. Kabumoto, S. Takeuchi, M. Makoto, A. Iijima, T. Yoshida, T. Usami and S. Hida
Development of Superconducting Twin Quarter Wave Resonator for Acceleration of Low
Velocity Heavy Ions
Proc. of the 3rd Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan and the 31th Linear
Accelerator Meeting in Japan, Sendai (Aug. 2-4, 2006) 819-821.
A. Osa㻌 for the TRIAC Collaboration
Status of JAEA-KEK Radioactive Ion Beam facility, TRIAC
Proc. of the 19th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research andIndustry, Fort Worth, Texas USA (Aug. 20-25, 2006)
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 261 (2007) 1048-1052.
Y.X. Watanabe et al.
TOKAI RADIOACTIVE ION ACCELERATOR COMPLEX (TRIAC)− 109 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on "Radioactive Nuclear Beams"(RNB7), Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (July 3-7, 2006).

Meetings
T.K. Sato, A. Osa, K. Tsukada, M. Asai and S. Ichikawa
Development of A Thick Target For Ion Source of On-Line Mass Separation Of Heavy
Actinide Isotopes
The 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research (ASR2006), Ibaraki, Japan(Oct. 26-27, 2006).
A. Osa㻌 for the TRIAC Collaboration
Status of JAEA-KEK Radioactive Ion Beam facility, TRIAC
The 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research (ASR2006), Ibaraki, Japan(Oct. 26-27, 2006).
A. Osa, T. K. Sato and S. Ichikawa
Development of Ion source for JAEA-ISOL-I
The 50th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Ibaraki, Japan (Oct. 26-27, 2006).
T. K. Sato, A. Osa and S. Ichikawa
Development of Ion source for JAEA-ISOL-II
The 50th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Ibaraki, Japan (Oct. 26-27, 2006).

− 110 −

JAEA-Review

8.2

2007-046

Nuclear Structure

Journal/Proceedings
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, S. Ichikawa, M. Sakama, H. Haba, I. Nishinaka, Y. Nagame, S. Goto, Y.㻌
Kojima, Y. Oura and M. Shibata

D decay of 238Cm and the new isotope 237Cm
Phys. Rev., C 73 (2006) 067301-1-4.
M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, A. Osa, A. Kimura, Y. Utsuno, M. Oshima, T. Hayakawa, Y. Hatsukawa,J. Katakura, M. Matsuda, T. Shizuma, A. Seki, T. Morikawa, M. Sugawara, H. Kusakari, J.
Goto, T. Czosnyka and M. Zielinska
Coulomb Excitation Experiments at JAEA Tandem Facility for The Study of Nuclear Structure
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Quark Nuclear Physics 2006, Pusan National
University Press ISBN (978-89-7316-270-3) 245-251.
Y.H. Zhang, X.H. Zhou, J.J. He, Z. Liu, Y.D. Fang W.T. Guo, X.G. Lei, Y.X. Guo, M.M.
Ndontchueng, L. Ma, M. Oshima, Y. Toh, M. Koizumi, A. Osa, A. Kimura, Y. Hatsukawa, H.
Hayakawa, T. Shizuma, J. Katakura, M. Matsuda, G.De Angelis, N. Marginean, A. Gadea,
D.R. Napoli, M. Axiotis, C. Rusu, T. Martinez, T. Morikawa, M. Sugawara, H. Kusakari and
F.R. Xu
Search for signature inversion in the ʌi13/2 Ȟi13/2 bands in 182, 184, 186Au
Int. J. Mod. Phys., E 15 (2006) 1437.
Y.H. Zhang, S. Guo, X.H. Zhou, L. MA, W.T. Guo, M. Oshima, Y. Toh, M. Koizumi, A. Osa,
A. Kimura, Y. Hatsukawa, M. Sugawara and H. Kusakari
Identification of a new band and its signature inversion in 174Re
Chin. Phys. Lett. Vol.24, No.5 (2007) 1203.
T. Shizuma, T. Ishii, H. Makii, T. Hayakawa, S. Shigematsu, M. Matsuda, E. Ideguchi, Y.
Zheng, M. Liu, T. Morikawa, P.M. Walker and M. Oi
Excited states in neutron-rich 188W produced by an 18O-induced 2-neutron transfer reaction
Eur. Phys. J., A 30 (2006) 391.
X.H. Zhou, L. Ma, Y.B. Xing, Y.H. Zhang, Y.X. Guo, X.G. Lei, C.Y. Xie, M. Oshima, Y. Toh,
M. Koizumi, A. Osa, Y. Hatsukawa, M. Sugawara and M.M. Ndontchueng
Observation of a ʌh9/2 Ȟi13/2 oblate band in 188Tl
Eur. Phys.J., A 28 (2006) 271.
− 111 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

L. Ma, X.H. Zhou, Y.B. Xing, Y.H. Zhang, Y.X. Guo, X.G. Lei, C.Y. Xie, M. Oshima, Y.
Toh, M. Koizumi, A. Osa, Y. Hatsukawa and M. Sugawara
Properties of the ʌh9/2 Ȟi13/2 Oblate Band in 188Tl
Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1727.
X.H. Zhou, Y.B. Xing, M.L. Liu, Y.H. Zhang, Y.X. Guo, L. Ma, X.G. Lei, W.T. Guo, M.
Oshima, Y. Toh, M. Koizumi, A. Osa, Y. Hatsukawa, F.R. Xu and M. Sugawara
Band properties of the transitional nucleus 187Pt
Phys. Rev., C 75 (2007) 034314.
T. Ishii, S. Shigematsu, H. Makii, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, M. Matsuda, A.
Makishima, T. Shizuma, J. Kaneko, I. Hossain, H. Tome, M. Ohara, S. Ichikawa, T. Kohno
and M. Ogawa
Ground-state band of the neutron-rich transuranium nucleus 250Cm154
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75 (2006) 043201.
A.N. Andreyev, S. Antalic, D. Ackermann, S. Franchoo, F.P. Hessberger, S. Hofmann, M.
Huyse, I. Kojouharov, B. Kindler, P. Kuusiniemi, S.R. Lesher, B. Lommel, R. Mann, G.
Munzenberg, K. Nishio, R.D. Page, J.J. Ressler, B. Streicher, S. Saro, B. Sulignano, P. Van
Duppen, D.R. WisemanĮ-decay spectroscopy of the new isotope 192At
Phys. Rev., C 73 (2006) 024317-1-11.
A.N. Andreyev, S. Antalic, D. Ackermann, S. Franchoo, F.P. Hessberger, S. Hofmann, M.
Huyse, I. Kojouharov, B. Kindler, P. Kuusiniemi, S.R. Lesher, B. Lommel, R. Mann, G.
Munzenberg, K. Nishio, R.D. Page, J.J. Ressler, B. Streicher, S. Saro, B. Sulignano, P. Van
Duppen, D. Wiseman, R. Wyss
Į-decay of the new isotope 187Po: Probing prolate structures beyond the neutron mid-shell at
N = 104
Phys.Rev., C 73 (2006) 044324-1-8.
F.P. Hessberger, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P.
Kuusiniemi, M. Leino, B. Lommel, R. Mann, K. Nishio, A.G. Popeko, B. Sulignano, S. Saro,
B. Streicher, M. Venhart, A.V. Yeremin
Alpha-gamma decay studies of 251No
Eur. Phys. J., A 29 (2006) 165 - 173.
F.P. Hessberger, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P.
− 112 −

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2007-046

Kuusiniemi, M. Leino, B. Lommel, R. Mann, K. Nishio, A.G. Popeko, B. Sulignano, S. Saro,
B. Streicher, M. Venhart, A.V. Yeremin
Alpha-gamma decay studies of 255Rf, 251No and 247Fm
Eur. Phys. J., A 30 (2006) 561 - 569.
P. Kuusiniemi, F.P. Hessberger, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, S. Hofmann, K. Nishio, B.
Sulignano, I. Kojouharov, R. Mann
Studies of 213g, mRa and 214g, mRa by Į and Ȗ decay
Eur. Phys. J., A 30 (2006) 551- 560.

Meetings
M. Asai
Gamma-ray spectroscopy for superheavy elements
Discussion Meeting on the Production and Spectroscopy for Superheavy Elements, Wako
(Nov. 1-2, 2006).
M. AsaiSpectroscopy of superheavy elements
The Specialists’ Meeting on the Nuclear Science of Heavy Elements, KURRI, Kumatori (Feb.
5-6, 2007).
T. Morikawa, E. Ideguchi, M. Liu, Y. Zheng, M. Nakamura, T. Sugimitsu, S. Mitarai, H.
Kusakari, M. Oshima, M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, A. Kimura, A. Osa, H. Harada, K. Furutaka, S.
Nakamura, F. Kitatani, Y. Hatsukawa and M. Sugawara
Study of largely deformed states and high-spin shell structure in A~30 nuclei
Material Science Symposium ‘Heavy Ion Science in Tandem Energy Region’, Tokai (Dec. 12,
2006).
T. Morikawa, M. Nakamura, T. Sugimitsu, H. Kusakari, S. Mitarai, M. Ohsima, Y. Toh, Y.
Hatsukawa, J. Katakura, M. Koizumi, A. Osa, A. Kimura, J. Goto, E. Ideguchi, M. Liu, Y.
Zheng and M. Sugawara
High-spin yrast levels in neutron-rich 33P nucleus
Spring Meeting of Physical Society of Japan, Hachioji (Mar. 26, 2007).
Y. Hirayama
Beta-delayed Neutron Detectors− 113 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

International Collaboration Workshop on Experiments at the RIBF, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama,
Japan (Nov. 6-9, 2006).
M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, A. Osa, A. Kimura, M. Oshima, Y. Hatsukawa, H. Kusakari, M.
Sugawara, T. Morikawa, T. Czosnyka, M. Zielinska and Y. Kojima
Nuclear structure study with Coulomb excitation experiments
JUSTIPEN (Japan-US Theory Institute for Physics with Exotic Nuclei) meeting on gamma
deformation of nuclear systems with Prof. P. Moller, Wako (Dec. 11, 2006).
M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, M. Oshima, A. Osa, A. Kimura, Y. Hatsukawa, H. Harada, F. Kitatani, S.
Nakamura, K. Furutaka, K. Hara, M. Ohta, M. Sugawara, T. Morikawa, H. Kusakari, Y.
Kojima and T. Czosnyka
Study of the low-lying 132Xe structure with Coulomb excitation experiment
Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan (Mar. 26, 2007).
T. Shizuma, T. Ishii, H. Makii, T. Hayakawa, M. Matsuda, E. Ideguchi, Y. Zheng, M. Liu, T.
Morikawa, S. Mitarai and M. Fujiwara
Nuclear structure of nuclei in the A=180 region using transfer reactions
Tandem Workshop, JAEA, Tokai (Dec. 2006).
T. Shizuma
Studies of nuclear isomers by J-ray spectroscopy
RCNP Workshop, Osaka University (Feb. 2007).
T. Shizuma, T. Ishii, H. Makii, T. Hayakawa, S. Shigematsu, M. Matsuda, E. Ideguchi, Y.
Zheng, M. Liu, T. Morikawa, P.M. Walker, and M. Oi
Spectroscopy on neutron-rich 187W and 188W produced in neutron transfer reactions
Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo (Mar. 2007).
H. IimuraPlan of Gas-Cell Laser Spectroscopy at JAEA Tandem Accelerator
Workshop on Laser Experiment at Next Generation Accelerator Facility, Wako (Dec. 1, 2006).
T. Ishii, S. Shigematsu, H. Makii, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, M. Matsuda, A.
Makishima, T. Shizuma, J. Kaneko, I. Hossain, H. Tome, M. Ohara, S. Ichikawa, T. Kohno,
and M. Ogawa
In-beam J-ray study of the neutron-rich nuclei of 240U, 246Pu and 250Cm− 114 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Int. Conf. on Nuclear Structure and Related Topics, Dubna (Jun. 13-17, 2006).
T. Ishii
In-beamJ-ray spectroscopy of the neutron-rich nuclei in the uranium region produced by theheavy-ion transfer reaction
Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Nara (Sep. 20-23, 2006).
H. Makii, T. Ishii, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, M. Matsuda, A. Makishima, J. Kaneko,
H. Tome, S. Ichikawa, S. Shigematsu, T. Kohno and M. Ogawa
In-beam J-ray measurement of the neutron-rich nucleus 246Pu
Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Nara (Sep. 20-23, 2006).
T. Ishii, H. Makii, M. Asai, S. Shigematsu, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, M. Matsuda, A.
Makishima, J. Kaneko, H. Tome, I. Hossain, T. Shizuma, S. Ichikawa, T. Kohno and M.
Ogawa
In-beam J-ray spectroscopy of the neutron-rich 236Th and 242U produced by the (18O, 20Ne)
reaction
Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo (Mar. 25-28, 2007).
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, A. Toyoshima, T. Ishii, Y. Nagame, I. Nishinaka, T. Ichikawa,
Y. Kojima and K. Sueki

D-J Spectroscopy of 255No
2006 Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Nara (Sep. 21, 2006).
M. Asai

J-ray Spectroscopy of the Heaviest Elements at JAEA
ASR2006: the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research ҟҏFrontiers of
Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Ibaraki (Oct. 26, 2006).

− 115 −

JAEA-Review

8.3

2007-046

Nuclear Reaction

Journal/Proceedings
H. Ishiyama, T. Hashimoto, T. Ishikawa, Y.X. Watanabe, S.K. Das, H. Miyatake, Y. Mizoi, T.
Fukuda, M-H. Tanaka, Y. Fuchi, N. Yoshikawa, Y. Hirayama, S.C. Jeong, T. Nomura, I.
Katayama, S. Mitsuoka, K. Nishio, M. Matsuda, P.K. Saha, S. Ichikawa, H. Ikezoe, T.
Furukawa, H. Izumi, T. Shimoda and K. Nakai
A New Measurement of the astrophysical 8Li(D, n)11B reaction
Phys. Lett., B 640 (2006) 82.
K. Nishio, S. Hofmann, F.P. Hessberger, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, V.F. Comas, Z. Gan, S.
Heinz, J.A. Heredia, H. Ikezoe, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P. Kuusiniemi,
B. Lommel, R. Mann, M. Mazzocco, S. Mitsuoka, Y. Nagame, T. Ohtsuki, A.G. Popeko, S.
Saro, H.J. Schött, B. Sulignano, A. Svirikhin, K. Tsukada, K. Tsuruta and A.V. Yeremin
Measurement of evaporation residue cross-sections of the reaction 30Si + 238U at subbarrierenergies
Eur. Phys. J., A 29 (2006) 281.
H. Ishiyama, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, Y. Hirayama, H. Miyatake, M-H. Tanaka, N. Yoshikawa,
S.C. Jeong, Y. Fuchi, I. Katayama, T. Nomura, T. Ishikawa, K. S.K. Das, Y. Mizoi, T. Fukuda,
T. Hashimoto, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, M. Matsuda, S. Ichikawa and T. Shimoda
Study of astrophysical (D, n) reactions on light neutron-rich nuclei using low-energy
radioactive nuclear beams
American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings 847 (2006) 249.
S.K. Das, T. Fukuda, Y. Mizoi, H. Ishiyama, H. Miyatake, Y.X. Watanabe, Y. Hirayama, M-H.
Tanaka, N. Yoshikawa, S.C. Jeong, Y. Fuchi, I. Katayama, T. Nomura, T. Ishikawa, K. Nakai,
T. Hashimoto, S. Mitsuoka, K. Nishio, P.K. Saha, M. Matsuda, S. Ichikawa, H. Ikezoe, T.
Furukawa, H. Izumi, T. Shimoda and T. Sasaqui
A New measurement of the 8Li(D, n)11B Reaction for Astrophysical Interest
American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings 847 (2006) 374.
H. Ikezoe, S. Mitsuoka, K. Nishio, K. Tsuruta, Y. Watanabe, S.C. Jeong and K. Satou
Barrier distributions for cold fusion reactions
AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 853, FUSION06:Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear
Structure at the Coulomb Barrier, Venezia, Italy (Mar. 19-23, 2006).

− 116 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, S. Mitsuoka, K. Tsuruta, K. Satou, C.J. Lin and
T.Ohsawa
Evidence of Complete Fusion in the Subbarrier 16O + 238U Reaction
Proceedings of the National Conference on Nuclear Physics “Frontiers in the Physics of
Nucleus” St. Petersburg State University, Russia (Jun. 28–Jul. 1, 2005).
Phys. Atomic Nuclei 69 (2006) 1399.
K. Nishio, S. Hofmann, F.P. Hessberger, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, V.F. Comas, Z. Gan, S.
Heinz, J.A. Heredia, H. Ikezoe, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P. Kuusiniemi,
B. Lommel, R. Mann, M. Mazzocco, S. Mitsuoka, Y. Nagame, T. Ohtsuki, A.G. Popeko, S.
Saro, H.J. Schött, B. Sulignano, A. Svirikhin, K. Tsukada, K. Tsuruta and A.V. Yeremin
Measurement of evaporation residue cross-sections of the reaction 30Si + 238U at subbarrierenergies
Tours Symposium on Nuclear Physics VI, Torus, France (Sep. 5-8, 2006).
AIP Conference Proceedings, 891 (2007) 71-79.

Meetings
H. Miyatake, H. Ishiyama, Y.X. Watanabe, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, M-H. Tanaka, N. Yoshikawa,
S.C. Jeong, Y. Fuchi, T. Nomura, I. Katayama, H. Kawakami, T. Ishikawa, S.K. Das, Y. Mizoi,
T. Fukuda, T. Hashimoto, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, M. Matsuda, S. Ichikawa, P.K.
Saha, A. Sato, T. Shimoda and T. Sasaqui
Direct measuremenst of astrophysical nuclear reaction rates on light-neutron rich nuclei at
TRIAC and JAEA-RMS
The 7th international conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams, Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy(Jul. 3–7, 2006).
K. Nishio, S. Hofmann, H. Ikezoe, F.P. Hessberger, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, V.F. Comas, Z.
Gan, S. Heinz, J.A. Heredia, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P. Kuusiniemi, B.
Lommel, R. Mann, M. Mazzocco, S. Mitsuoka, Y. Nagame, T. Ohtsuki, A.G. Popeko, S. Saro,
H.J. Schött, B. Sulignano, A. Svirikhin, K. Tsukada, K. Tsuruta and A.V. Yeremin
Measurement of evaporation residue and fission cross-sections of the reaction 30Si + 238U at
subbarrier energies
The 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research, Frontiers on Nuclear andradiochemistry (ASR2006), Tokai, Japan (Oct. 26-27, 2006).
I. Nishinaka, M. Tanikawa, Y. Nagame, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima and T. Ichikawa− 117 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Correlation between fission and Į-particle emission in the 18O + 244Pu Reaction
The 6th Int. Symp. on Advanced Science Research, Tokai (Oct. 26-27, 2006).
S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, H.G. Burkhard, R. Dressler, F.P. Hessberger, B.
Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P. Kuusiniemi, M. Leino, B. Lomel, R. Mann, G. Munzenberg, K.
Nishio, A.G. Popeko, S. Saro, H.J. Schoett, B. Streicher, B. Sulignano, J. Uusitalo and A.V.
YereminStudies of SHE at SHIP
EXON 2006, International Symposium on exotic nuclei, Khanty-Mansiysk (Jul.17-22,
2006).
Y. Watanabe
Study of isotope dependence of fusion process
International Collaboration Workshop 2006, RIKEN (Nov. 6-9, 2006).
T. Hashimoto, H. Ishiyama, Y. Hirayama, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, H. Miyatake, M-H. Tanaka,
N. Yoshikawa, Y. Fuchi, T.K. Sato, A. Osa, S. Ichikawa, S. Mitsuoka, K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, M.
Matsuda, Y. Mizoi, S.K. Das, T. Fukuda, A. Sato and S. Shimoda
Direct measurement of the 8Li(d, t), (d, p), (d,Į) reaction cross sections
Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Nara (Sep. 20-23, 2006).
S. Mitsuoka, H, Ikezoe, K. Nishio, S.C. Jeong and Y. Watanabe
Barrier distribution of quasi-elastic backward scattering in 70Zn+208Pb, 209Bi
Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Nara (Sep. 20-23, 2006).
K. Nishio, S. Hofmann, F.P. Hessberger, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, V.F. Comas, Z. Gan, S.
Heinz, J.A. Heredia, H. Ikezoe, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P. Kuusiniemi,
B. Lommel, R. Mann, M. Mazzocco, S. Mitsuoka, Y. Nagame, T. Ohtsuki, A.G. Popeko, S.
Saro, H.J. Schött, B. Sulignano, A. Svirikhin, K. Tsukada, K. Tsuruta and A.V. Yeremin
Production of Sg isotopes in the fusion reaction 30Si + 238U
Autumn meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Nara (Sep. 20-23, 2006).
I. Nishinaka, M. Tanikawa, Y. Nagame, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima and T. Ichikawa
Correlation between fission fragments and Į-particles in the 18O + 244Pu Reaction
The 50th Symp. on Radiochemistry, Mito (Oct. 24-27, 2006).
S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, K. Nishio, S.C. Jeong and Y. Watanabe
Measurement of fusion barrier distribution for cold fusion reactions− 118 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

RCNP Workshop on Heavy-ion Reaction Dynamics of Fusion and Fission for
Super-Heavy Synthesis, Osaka (Jul. 13-14, 2006).

− 119 −

JAEA-Review

8.4

2007-046

Nuclear Chemistry

Journal/Proceedings
R.A. Gherghescu and Y. Nagame
Isobaric cold-fusion channels for synthesis of 276114, 286114, and 290114
Phys. Rev., C 74 (2006) 014611-1-12.
R.A. Gherghescu, D.N. Poenaru, W. Greiner and Y. Nagame
Synthesis of 286114 and 290114 using low-energy fusion channels
J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 32 (2006) L73-L84.
Y. Nagame, M. Asai, H. Haba, H. Hirata, Y. Ishii, I. Nishinaka, A. Toyoshima and K.
TsukadaAqueous chemistry of the transactinide element, rutherfordium (Rf)
Lecture Series on Computer and Computational Sciences, 7 (2006) 927-930.
J. Dovrak, W. Brüchle, M. Chelnokov, R. Dressler, Ch.E. Düllmann, K. Eberhardt, V.
Gorshokov, E. Jüger, R. Krücken, A. Kuznetsov, Y. Nagame, F. Nebel, Z. Novackova, Z. Qin,
M. Schädel, B. Schausten, E. Schimpf, A. Semchenkov, P. Thörler, A. Türler, M. Wegrzecki,
B. Wierczinski, A. Yakushev and A. Yeremin
Doubly magic 270108Hs162
Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 242501-1-4.
Y. Nagame, K. Akiyama, M. Asai, S. Goto, H. Haba, M. Hirata, Y. Ishii, I. Nishinaka, H.
Tome, A. Toyoshima and K. Tsukada
Chemical studies of the transactinide elements at JAEA
Proceedings of the 6th China-Japan Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium -Nuclear Physics
Trends-, Shanghai, China (May 16-20, 2006).
AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 865 ( 2006) 165-172.
H. Haba, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, T. Sato, I. Nishinaka, T.
Ichikawa, S. Ichikawa, Y. Nagame, W. Sato, K. Matsuo, Y. Kitamoto, Y. Tashiro, A. Shinohara,
J. Saito, M. Ito, T. Ikezawa, M. Sakamaki, S. Goto, H. Kudo, H. Kikunaga, M. Arai, S.
Kamataki, A. Yokoyama, K. Akiyama, K. Sueki, Y. Oura, M. Schädel, W. Brüchle and J.V.
Kratz
Extraction behavior of rutherfordium into tributylphosphate from hydrochloric acid
Radiochim. Acta 95 (2007) 1-6.

− 120 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Meetings
Y. NagameChemistry of superheavy elements
RCNP symposium - Dynamics of heavy-ion fusion and fission -, Suita (Jun. 13-14, 2006).
I. Nishinaka
Partition of mass and total excitation energy between fragment pairs in low energy fission
RCNP symposium - Dynamics of heavy-ion fusion and fission -, Suita (Jun. 13-14, 2006).
Y. Nagame
Elements at the upper most end of the periodic table
The 50the Symp. on Radiochemistry, Mito-Tokai (Oct. 24-27, 2006).
I. Nishinaka, M. Tanikawa, Y. Nagame, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima and T. Ichikaw
Correlation between fission fragments and a-particles in the 18O + 244Pu reaction
The 50the Symp. on Radiochemistry, Mito-Tokai (Oct. 24-27, 2006).
Y. Ishii, H. Tome, A. Toyoshima, M. Asai, I. Nishinaka, K. Tsukada, Y. Nagame, S. Miyashita,
T. Mori, H. Suganuma, Y. Tashiro, A. Shinohara, M. Sakamaki, S. Goto, H. Kudo, H. Haba, K.
Akiyama and Y. Oura
Cation-exchange behavior of Rf in HNO3/HF mixed solution (II)The 50the Symp. on Radiochemistry, Mito-Tokai (Oct. 24-27, 2006).
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, A. Shinohara and Y. Nagame
Development of an electrochemistry apparatus for atom-at-a-time chemistry
The 50the Symp. on Radiochemistry, Mito-Tokai (Oct. 24-27, 2006).
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, M. Asai, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, T. K. Sato, I.
Nishinaka, Y. Nagame, S. Goto, T. Ishikawa, M. Sakamaki, H. Kudo, K. Akiyama, Y. Oura, H.
Kikunaga, K. Ooe, T. Kuribayashi, A. Shinohara, K. Sueki and A. Yokoyama
TOPO-reversed phase extraction behavior of rutherfordium in HCl solutions
The 50the Symp. on Radiochemistry, Mito-Tokai (Oct. 24-27, 2006).
Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, H. Toume, K. Tsukada, H. Haba and Y. Nagame
Adsorption of Nb, Ta, and Pa on anion exchangers in diluted HF media
The 50th Symp. on Radiochemistry, Mito-Tokai (Oct. 24-27, 2006).

− 121 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

K. Akiyama, H. Haba, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, T. Yaita, K. Sueki and Y. Nagame
EXAFS study for complexation of Zr and Hf with TBP in HCl solution
The 50th Symp. on Radiochemistry, Mito-Tokai (Oct. 24-27, 2006).
Y. Ishii
Cation-exchange behavior of element 104, rutherfordium (Rf)
The Specialists’ Meeting on the Nuclear Science of Heavy Elements, KURRI, Kumatori (Feb.
5-6, 2007).
A. Toyoshima
Oxidation of nobelium
The Specialists Meeting on the Nuclear Science of Heavy Elements, KURRI, Kumatori (Feb.
5-6, 2007).
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Kitatsuji, K. Tsukada, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, M. Asai, H. Haba,
K. Akiyama, K. Ooe, W. Sato, A. Shinohara and Y. Nagame
Electrochemical oxidation of nobelium
The 87th Spring Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Kansai Univ., Suita (Mar. 25-28,
2007).
Y. Ishii, H. Tome, A. Toyoshima, M. Asai, I. Nishinaka, K. Tsukada, Y. Nagame, S. Miyashita,
T. Mori, H. Suganuma, Y. Tashiro, A. Shinohara, M. Sakamaki, S. Goto, H. Kudo, H. Haba, K.
Akiyama and Y. Oura
Fluoride complex formation of Rf in HNO3/HF mixed solution
The 87th Spring Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Kansai Univ., Suita (Mar. 25-28,
2007).
Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, H. Toume, K. Tsukada, H. Haba and Y. Nagame
Anion-exchange behavior of Nb, Ta, and Pa in HF/HNO3 media for chemical investigation ofDb
The 87th Spring Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Toyonaka (Mar. 25-28, 2007).
H. Toume, Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, N. Shinohara and Y.
NagameCation exchange behavior of Nb and Ta in mixed HF/HNO3 solutions - Model experiment forchemical study of element 105 (Db)
The 87th Spring Meeting of the Japan Chemical Society, Suita (Mar. 25-28, 2007).

− 122 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Y. Nagame
Nuclear chemistry of the heaviest elements at JAEA
2006 Spring Meeting of the Korean Physical Society, Pyungchang, Korea (Apr. 20-21, 2006)
Y. NagameChemical studies of the transactinide elements at JAEAThe 6th China-Japan Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, Shanghai, China (May 16-20,
2006).
A. Toyoshima
Fluoride complexation study of rutherfordium at JAEA
Workshop on the Atomic Properties of the Heaviest Elements, Abtei Frauenwörth imChiemsee, Germany (Sep. 25-27, 2006).
K. Tsukada
Chemical studies of the heaviest elements at JAEA
ASR2006: the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research - Frontiers of
Nuclear and Radiochemistry -, Tokai, Japan (Oct. 26-27, 2006).
Y. Nagame
Aqueous chemistry of the transactinide element, rutherfordium (Rf)
International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2006
(ICCMSE 2006), Chania, Crete, Greece (Oct. 27- Nov. 1, 2006).
I. Nishinaka,㻌 M. Tanikawa,㻌 Y. Nagame,㻌 M. Asai,㻌 K. Tsukada,㻌 A. Toyoshima㻌 and㻌 T.
Ichikawa
Correlation between fission and Į-particle emission in the 18O + 244Pu reaction
ASR2006: the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research - Frontiers of
Nuclear and Radiochemistry -, Tokai, Japan (Oct. 26-27, 2006).
Y. Ishii, H. Toume, A. Toyoshima, M. Asai, I. Nishinaka, K. Tsukada, Y. Nagame, Y. Tashiro,
A. Shinohara, M. Sakamaki, S. Goto, H. Kudo, K. Akiyama, H. Haba, Y. Oura, S. Miyashita,
T. Mori and H. Suganuma
A cation-exchange study of fluoride complexation of rutherfordium (Rf) in HNO3/HF mixed
solution system
ASR2006: the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research - Frontiers of
Nuclear and Radiochemistry -, Tokai, Japan (Oct. 26-27, 2006).

− 123 −

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2007-046

Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, H. Toume, K. Tsukada, H. Haba and Y. Nagame
Adsorption of Nb, Ta and Pa on anion exchangers in HF/HNO3 media - Model experiments
for the chemical study of dubnium (Db) ASR2006: the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research - Frontiers of
Nuclear and Radiochemistry -, Tokai, Japan (Oct. 26-27, 2006).
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, M. Asai, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, T. K. Sato, I.
Nishinaka, Y. Nagame, S. Goto, T. Ishiyama, M. Sakamaki, H. Kudo, K. Akiyama, Y. Oura, H.
Kikunaga, K. Ooe, T. Kuribayashi, A. Shinohara and A. Yokoyama
TOPO reversed-phase extraction behavior of rutherfordium in HCl solutions
ASR2006: the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research - Frontiers of
Nuclear and Radiochemistry -, Tokai, Japan (Oct. 26-27, 2006).
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, A. Shinohara and Y. Nagame
Development of an electrochemistry apparatus for an atom-at-a-time chemistry
ASR2006: the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research - Frontiers of
Nuclear and Radiochemistry -, Tokai, Japan (Oct. 26-27, 2006).
Y. Nagame
Rapid ion-exchange apparatus AIDA for heavy element chemistry
233rd American Chemical Society National Meeting, Chicago, USA (Mar. 25-29, 2007).

− 124 −

JAEA-Review

8.5

2007-046

Nuclear Theory

Journal/Proceedings
Y. Akimura, T. Maruyama, N. Yoshinaga and S. Chiba
Properties of Baryon and Quark Matter Studied with a Molecular Dynamics
Acta Phys. Hung., A 27 (2006) 355.
T. Maruyama, T. Tatsumi, T. Endo and S. Chiba
Pasta Structures in Compact Stars
Recent Developments in Physics 7 (2006) 1.
N.T. Okumucsoglu, F.K. Gorur, J. Birchall, E.Sh. Soukhovitskii, R. Capote, J.M. Quesada and
S. Chiba
Angular Distributions of Protons Scattered by 40Ar Nuclei with Excitation of the 2+(1.46 MeV)
and 3-(3.68 MeV) Collective Levels for Incident Energies of 25.1, 32.5 and 40.7 MeV
Phys. Rev., C 75 (2007) 034616.
S. Oryu, S. Nishinohara, N. Shiiki and S. Chiba
Coulomb Phase Shift Calculation in Momentum Space
Phys. Rev., C 75 (2007) 021001(R).
T. Hayakawa, S. Miyamoto, Y. Hayashi, K. Kawase, K. Horikawa, S. Chiba, K. Nakanishi, H.
Hashimoto, T. Ohta, M. Kando, T. Mochizuki, T. Kajino and M. Fujiwara
Half-life of 184Re Populated by the (Ȗ,n) Reaction from Laser Compton Scattering Ȗ-rays at theElectron Storage Ring NewSUBARU
Phys. Rev., C 74 (2006) 065802.
K. Sumiyoshi, S. Yamada, H. Suzuki and S. Chiba
Neutrino Signals form the Formation of Black Hole : A Probe of Equation of State of Dense
MatterPhys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 091101.
T. Suzuki, S. Chiba, T. Yoshida, T. Kajino and T. Otsuka
Neutrino Nucleus Reactions based on New Shell Model Hamiltonians
Phys. Rev., C 74 (2006) 034307.
Michael Smith, Eric J. Lingerfelt, Jason P. Scott, Caroline D. Nesaraja, Kyungyuk Chae,− 125 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Hiroyuki Koura, W. Raphael Hix, Luke F. Roberts, Daniel W. Bardayan and Jeffery C.
Blackmon
New Features in the Computational Infrastructure for Nuclear Astrophysics
Nuclei in the Cosmos IX (Proceedings of Science, SISSA, Italy, 2006), POS(NIC-IX) 180,
1-5.
Michael S. Smith, Eric J. Lingerfelt, Jason P. Scott, Caroline D. Nesaraja, W. Raphael Hix,
Kyungyuk Chae, Hiroyuki Koura, Richard A. Meyer, Daniel W. Bardayan, Jeffery C.
Blackmon and Michael W. Guidry
Computational Infrastructure for Nuclear Astrophysics
Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies(OMEG05), (AIP Conference Proceedings 847,
2006) 470-472.
K. Morita, K. Morimoto, D. Kaji, T. Akiyama, S. Goto, H. Haba, E. Ideguchi, R. Kanungo, K.
Katori, H. Kikunaga, H. Koura, H. Kudo, T. Ohnishi, A. Ozawa, N. Sato, T. Suda, K. Sueki, F.
Tokanai, H. Xu, T. Yamaguchi, A. Yoneda, A. Yoshida and Y.L. Zhao
Experiments on Synthesis of the Heaviest Element at RIKENTOURS Symposium on Nuclear Physics VI, ed. M. Arnould et al., (AIP Conf. Proc. 891,
2007) 3-9.
S. Tatsuta, K. Hashizume, T. Wada, M. Ohta, K. Sumiyoshi, K. Otsuki, T. Kajino, H. Koura, S.
Chiba and Y. Aritomo
Fission fragment mass distribution for nuclei in the r-process region
TOURS Symposium on Nuclear Physics VI, ed. M. Arnould et al., (AIP Conf. Proc. 891,
2007) 423-426.
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, T. Mizusaki, and M. Honma
Structure of exotic nuclei in the sd-pf shell region and its relation to the effective interaction
Proc. Int. Symposium "Structure of Exotic Nuclei and Nuclear Forces", J. Phys., Conf. Ser.
Vol. 49 (2006) 126.
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, T. Mizusaki, and M. Honma
Structure of exotic nuclei by large-scale shell model calculations
Proc. 6th China-Japan Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium "Nuclear Physics Trends", AIP Conf.
Proc. Vol. 865 (2006) 101.
V. Tripathi, S.L. Tqabor, C.R. Hoffman, M. Wiedeking, A. Volya, P.F. Mantica, A.D. Davies,
S.N. Liddick, W.F. Mueller, A. Stolz, B.E. Tomlin, T. Otsuka and Y. Utsuno− 126 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

ȕ-delayed Ȗ spectroscopy of neutron rich 27, 28, 29Na
Phys. Rev., C 73 (2006) 054303.
A. Ozawa, K. Matsuda, T. Nagatomo, M. Mihara, K. Yamada, T. Yamaguchi, T. Ohtsubo, S.
Momota, T. Izumikawa, T. Sumikama, Y. Nakashima, H. Fujiwara, S. Kumashiro, R.
Matsumiya, M. Ota, D. Shinojima, H. Tanaka, T. Yasuno, S. Nakajima, T. Suzuki, K. Yoshida,
K. Muranaka, T. Maemura, A. Chiba, Y. Utsuno, M. fukuda, K. Tanaka, I. Tanihata, Y. Nojiri,
T. Minamisono, J.R. Alonso, G.F. Krebs and T.J.M. Symons
Measurement of the spin and magnetic moment of 23Al
Phys. Rev., C 74 (2006) 021301(R).
J.R. Terry, D. Bazin, B.A. Brown, C.M. Campbell, J.A. Church, J.M. Cook, A.D. Davies, D-C.
Dinca, J. Enders, A. Gade, T. Glasmacher, P.G. Hansen, J.L. Lecouey, T. Otsuka, B.
Pritychenko, B.M. Sherrill, J.A. Tostevin, Y. Utsuno, K. Yoneda and H. Zwahlen
Direct evidence for the onset of intruder configurations in neutron-rich Ne isotopes
Phys. Lett., B 640 (2006) 86.

Meetings
T. Maruyama, T. Tatsumi and S. Chiba
Bulk properties of Kaonic Nuclei Obtained by a RMF model
KEK Conference on modern physics of nuclei, diversifying and progressing pictures of nuclei,
Tsukuba (Aug. 1-3, 2006).
T. Maruyama, T. Tatsumi, J.H. Shulze and S. Chiba
Quark-hyperon Mixed Phase in Compact Stars
Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Nara (Sep. 20-23, 2006).
H. Koura
Systematical study of decay modes and half-lives for superheavy nuclei
The RCNP workshop ‘”Reaction mechanism of heavy-ion fusion-fission and dynamics on
synthesis of super-heavy nuclei”, Ibaraki, Osaka (Jul. 4-5, 2006).
H. Koura and S. Chiba
Estimation of Calculation for nuclear potential energy surfaces to large deformations
2006 Autumn Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Sapporo, Hokkaido (Sep.
27-29, 2006).
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2007-046

H. Koura and S. Chiba
Systematical properties of spontaneous fission for superheavy nuclei and a limit of existenceof nuclei
The 6th International Symposium on Advanced Science Research -Frontiers of Nuclear andRadiochemistry- (ASR06), Tokai, Ibaraki (Oct. 26-27, 2006).
H. Koura
Nuclear shape evolution on the spherical-basis method and some predictions from the KTUY
mass formula
JUSTIPEN (Japan-US Theory Institute for Physics with Exotic Nuclei) meeting on mass
formula and gamma deformation of nuclear systems with Prof. P. Moller, Wako, Saitama(Dec. 11, 2006).
M. Takano, T. Tachibana and H. Koura
Consideration of the synthesis of superheavy nuclei based on nuclear data
H. 18 Symposium on Heliosphere and Annual meeting of the Solar Terrestrial Environment
Laboratory, Nagoya, Aichi (Jan. 29, 2007).
H. Koura
Systematical study of nuclear fission in the heavy and superheavy nuclidic region related to
the r-process nucleosynthesis
Mini-workshop on “Nuclear data for fission cycle in the r-process nucleosynthesis", Mitaka,
Tokyo (Mar. 23, 2007).
H. Koura, T. Tachibana and S. Chiba
Estimation of limit of stability of nuclei considering spontaneous fission in the heavy andsuper-heavy, nuclidic region II
Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Hachioji (Mar. 25-28, 2007).
K. Oyamatsu, K. Iida and H. Koura
Masses of unstable nuclei and the Equation of State of Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Hachioji (Mar. 25-28 2007).
S. Chiba, H. Koura and S. Kunieda
Collective level structure and neutron cross sections of Actinides by SRM-CC
2006 Autumn Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Sapporo, Hokkaido (Sep.
27-29, 2006).

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2007-046

S. Chiba, H. Koura, T. Maruyama, T. Hayakawa, T. Kawano and T. Kajino
Calculation of neutron capture cross sections by direct/semi-direct model
2007 Annual Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Nagoya, Aichi (Mar. 27-29,
2007).
S. Chiba, H. Koura, T. Maruyama, M. Ohta, S. Tatsuda, T. Wada, T. Tachibana, T. Kajino, K.
Sumiyoshi and K. Otsuki
R-process abundance pattern including fission
Mini-workshop on “Nuclear data for fission cycle in the r-process nucleosynthesis", Mitaka,
Tokyo (Mar. 23, 2007).
Y. Utsuno,
Structure of exotic nuclei by large-scale shell model calculations
The 6th China-Japan Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium (invited), Shanghai, China (May
16-20, 2006).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, T. Mizusaki, and M. Honma
Structure of unstable nuclei in the sd-pf shell region by shell model with proper tensor force
The Seventh International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams (RNB7), Cortina
d'Ampezzo, Italy (Jul. 3-7, 2006).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, T. Mizusaki, and M. Honma,
Evolution of shell- and nuclear-structure in unstable nuclei studied by large-scale shell-model
calculation
Opening meeting of Japan-US Theory Institute for Physics with Exotic Nuclei, Wako, Japan(Jul. 10-11, 2006).
Y. Utsuno
Shell evolution in exotic nuclei and exotic nuclear structure
KEK Workshop “Modern Nuclear Physics –Diversifying and Evolving Picture of Nuclei”(invited), Tsukuba (Aug. 1-3, 2006).
Y. Utsuno
Shell-model approach to the island of inversion and beyond
5th CNS International Summer School (CISS06) (invited lecture), Wako, Japan (Aug. 24-29,
2006).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, T. Mizusaki and M. Honma− 129 −

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2007-046

Systematic calculation of unstable nuclei around N=28 by the shell model
Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Nara (Sep. 20-23, 2006).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, T. Mizusaki and M. Honma
Significance of tensor force in the structure of exotic nuclei around N=28
2nd German-Japanese Workshop on Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics (invited talk), Wako,
Japan (Oct. 4-7, 2006).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, T. Mizusaki and M. Honma
Present status and future of the sd-pf shell region by the shell model
RIBF Mini Workshop “Gamma-ray experiment by RIBF II”, Wako (Oct. 16-17, 2006).
Y. Utsuno
Nuclear radii in the “island of inversion” region from the structure viewpoint
RIBF Mini Workshop “Nuclear Structure Probed by Reaction Cross Section”, Wako (Nov.
17-18, 2006).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, T. Mizusaki and M. Honma
Shell model calculation of unstable nuclei and effective interaction
YITP Workshop “Theory of Effective Interaction and Nuclear Model”, Kyoto (Feb. 5-7,
2007).

− 130 −

JAEA-Review

8.6

2007-046

Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics

Journal/Proceedings
M. Imai, M. Sataka, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Komaki and H. Shibata
High Resolution Zero Degree Electron Spectroscopy of Argon Ions through Carbon Foil
Braz. J. Phys. 36 (2006) 541.
S.C. Jeong and TRIAC collaboration
Diffusion experiment by using the short-lived radiotracer of 8Li
AIP-CP865 (2006) 338-343.
M. Imai, M. Sataka, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Komaki, H. Shibata, H. Sugai and K.
NishioCharge state evolution of 2 MeV/u sulfur ion passing through thin carbon foil
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 256 (2007) 11.

Meetings
K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Ozaki, M. Sataka, M. Imai, H. Sugai, H. Shibata and K.
KomakiEjected Electron Spectra from Rydberg States of Ne Ions Passing through C Foils
22th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids, Berlin Germany (Jul.
21-26, 2006).

− 131 −

JAEA-Review

8.7

2007-046

Radiation Effects in Materials

Journal/Proceedings
K. Yasuda, T. Yamamoto, M. Shimada, S. Matsumura, Y. Chimi and N. Ishikawa
Atotic structure and disordering induced by 350 MeV Au ions in MgAl2O4
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 250 (2006) 238.
T. Yamamoto, M. Shimada, K. Yasuda, S. Matsumura, Y. Chimi and N. Ishikawa
Microstructure and atomic disordering of magnesium aluminate spinel irradiated withswift heavy ions
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 245 (2006) 235.
K. Yasuda, T. Yamamoto M. Shimada and S. Matsumura
Structure and Disordering Processes of Ion Tracks in Spinel Compounds
Kenbikyo 41 (2006) 150 (in Japanese).
T. Sonoda, M. Kinoshita, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka, and A. Iwase
Electronic excitation effects in CeO2 under irradiations with high-energy ions of typicalfission products
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 250 (2006) 254-258.
A. Iwase, M. Fukuzumi, Y. Zushi, M. Suzuki, M. Takagaki, N. Kawamura, Y. Chimi, N.
Ishikawa, J. Mizuki and F. Ono
Study on Irradiation-Induced Magnetic Transition in FeRh Alloy by means of Fe K-edge
XMCD Spectroscopy
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 256 (2007) 429-433.
Y. Zushi, M. Fukuzumi, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa and A. Iwase
Ion-Species dependence of swift heavy ion induced ferromagnetism of FeRh at low
temperatures
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 256 (2007) 434-437.
N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu and M. Tazawa
Electronic Sputtering of Nitrides by High-Energy Ions
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 256 (2007) 333.

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2007-046

O. Fukuoka, N. Matsunami, M. Tazawa, T. Shimura, M. Sataka, H. Sugai and S.
Okayasu
Irradiation Effects with 100 MeV Xe Ions on Optical Properties of Al-doped ZnO Films
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 250 (2006) 295.
H. Sugai, N. Matsunami, O. Fukuoka, M. Sataka, T. Kato, S. Okayasu and T. Shimura
M. Tazawa, Electrical Conductivity Increase of Al-doped ZnO Films Induced by
High-Energy-Heavy Ions
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 250 (2006) 291.
N. Ishikawa, S. Yamamoto and Y. Chimi
Structural Changes in Anatase TiO2 Thin Films Irradiated with High-Energy Heavy
Ions
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 250 (2006) 250.
S. Nakagawa, F. Hori, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa, M. Kitagawa, R. Oshima, T. Tobita, R.
Taniguchi, M. Suzuki and A. Iwase
Local Modification of Hardness in FeCu Alloys by Using Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 257 (2007) 397.

Meetings
K. Yasuda
Structure and Ion Configuration in and around Ion Tracks in Spinel Compounds
Workshop on Materials under Radiation Field, Japan Institute of Metals, Niigata (Sep.
2006).
S. Matsumura, T. Yamamoto, K. Yasuda, Y. Chimi and N. Ishikawa
Atomic Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope Analysis of Disordered Ion
Tracks Formed in Magnesium Aluminate Spinel by Swift Heavy Ions
Materials Science and Technology 2006, Cincinnati, USA (Oct. 2006).
S. Matsumura, K. Yasuda, K. Yasunaga, K. Shiyama, T. Sonoda, H. Abe, T. Iwai, M.
Sataka, N. Ishikawa, Y. Chimi, S. Okubo, A. Iwase and M. Kinoshita
New Cross-Over Project; New engineering to control materials behaviour at highenergy and high fluence irradiation (V)- Microstructure observation and analysis of− 133 −

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2007-046

irradiated ceramic compounds with the fluorite crystal structure2006 Autumn Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Hokkaido Univ. (Sep. 27,
2006).
T. Sonoda, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka, and A. Iwase
Formation and Accumulation Effects of Ion Tracks on the Microstructural Evolution in
CeO2
Materials Science & Technology 2006 Conference and Exhibition (MS&T'06),
Cincinnati, USA (Oct. 18, 2006).
K. Yasunaga, K. Yasuda, S. Matsumura, T. Sonoda, Y. Chimi, and N. Ishikawa
Microstructure Change Induced by Swift Heavy Ions in CeO2 Pre-Implanted with Xe
Ions
Materials Science & Technology 2006 Conference and Exhibition (MS&T'06),
Cincinnati, USA (Oct. 18, 2006).
T. Sonoda, S. Matsumura, K. Yasuda, K. Yasunaga, K. Shiyama, M. Sataka, N. Ishikawa,Y. Chimi, S. Okubo, H. Abe, T. Iwai, A. Iwase and M. Kinoshita
Review of Experimental Approach of NXO Project
New Cross-over Project Workshop-3 -Recovery cycles and restructuring offission-energy driven ceramics-, Tokyo (Dec. 12, 2006).
S. Okayasu, N. Kokubo and I. Kakeya
International Symposium on Superconductivity 2006
Nagoya (Oct. 25, 2006).
N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu and M. Tazawa
Electronic Sputtering of Nitrides by High-Energy Ions
6th Int. Conf. Atomic Collisions in Solids (ICACS)2006, Berlin, Germany (Jul. 21-26.
2006).
N. Matsunami, O. Fukuoka, M. Tazawa, T. Shimura, M. Sataka, H. Sugai and S.
Okayasu
Modifications of Al-doped ZnO Properties by High-Energy Ions
Autumnl Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Chiba (Sep. 2006).

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2007-046

N. Ishikawa, Y. Chimi, O. Michikami, Y. Ohta, M. Lang and R. Neumann
Irradiation Damage of Oxide Materials
JAEA-GSI Meeting, Takasaki (Mar.12, 2007).
S. Nakagawa, Y. Chimi, N. Ishikawa, M. Kitagawa, R. Oshima, T. Tobita, R. Taniguchi,
M. Suzuki and A. Iwase
Local Modification of Hardness in FeCu Alloys by Using Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation
15th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM 2006),
Taormina, Italy (Sep. 18, 2006).
S. Nakagawa, F. Hori, A. Iwase, N. Ishikawa, Y. Chimi, T. Tobita, M. Suzuki, M.
Kitagawa and R. Oshima
Swift Heavy Ion Induced Cu Segregation in FeCu Alloys
2006 Autumn Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Hokkaido (Sep. 28,
2006).

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CHAPTER 9
Personnel and Committee

9.1

Personnel

9.2

Research Planning and Assessment Committee− 137 −

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9.1 㻌 Personnel
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Fumio
Sakurai
Director (Apr.-Dec.)
Kiyonobu Yamashita
Director (Jan.-)Suehiro Takeuchi
Deputy Director
Shigeru MoriManager of Administration Section
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Tandem Accelerator Section ( * General Manager )Scientific Staff
Suehiro Takeuchi*(Apr.-Sep.)*
Masao
Sataka(Oct.-)
Susumu Hanashima
Akihiko Osa
Makoto Matsuda
Technical Staff
Yoshihiro Tsukihasi
Shin-ichi Abe
Nobuhiro Ishizaki
Hidekazu Tayama(Apr.-Sep.)
Takamitsu Nakanoya
Hiroshi Kabumoto
Masahiko Nakamura
Ken-ichi Kutsukake
Yoshinori Otokawa
Katsuzo Horie(Apr.-Sep.)
Isao
Ohuchi
Entrusted Operators
Akihiko Iijima
Takahiro Yoshida
Takahiro Usami
Tetsusi Hida
(Apr.-Sep.)
Takayuki Ishiguro(Jun.-)
Kazushi Yamaguchi(Oct.-)
Hisashi Sakurayama
Hikaru Nisugi
Nobuo Seki
Teruo
OnoderaEntrusted AssistantKenjiro Obara− 139 −

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2007-046

Department of Radiation Protection
Facility Radiation Control Section I
Kenji
YamaneTakashi Nakazawa
Katsuji Yasu
Takehisa Ohkura
Hayato Hiraga
Advanced Science Research Center
Yoshihiko Hatano
Hiroshi Ikezoe

Director
Deputy Director

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Shell Structure and Reaction Properties of Heavy Nuclei far from Stability( * Group Leader )Hiroari Miyatake*
Tetsuro Ishii
Shin-ichi Ichikawa
Satoshi Chiba
Toshiki Maruyama
Shin-ichi Mitsuoka
Katsuhisa Nishio
Hiroyuki Koura
Yutaka Utsuno
Tetsuya Sato
Takashi Hashimoto(Post Doc.)
Hiroyuki Makii(Post Doc.)
Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Nuclear chemistry of the Heaviest Elements ( * Group Leader )Yuichiro Nagame*
Kazuaki Tsukada
IchiroNishinaka
Masato Asai
Atsushi Toyoshima(Post Doc.)
Yoshitaka Kasamatsu(Post Doc.)
Yasuo
Ishii
(Student)
Hayato Toume(Student)− 140 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

Advanced Science Research Center
Mega Gravity Research Group
SatoruOkayasu
Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Innovative Nuclear Science Research Group ( * Group Leader )Masumi Oshima*
Hideo
HaradaSub Leader (Oct.-Mar.)
Hideki
IimuraMitsuo Koizumi
Kazuyoshi Furutaka
Yuichi
Hatsukawa
Fumito Kitatani
Shoji
Nakamura
Yosuke Toh
Atsushi Kimura
Kaoru
Hara
(Post Doc.)
Masayuki Ohta
(Post Doc.)
Tadahiro Kin(Post Doc.)
Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Research Group for Irradiation Field Materials ( * Group Leader )Shiro
Jitsukawa*
Masao
SatakaHiroyuki Sugai
Nariaki Okubo
Teruo
Kato
NoritoIshikawa
Takeo
Aruga
DaijyuYamaki
Quantum Beam Science Directorate
Laser Accelerator Group
Takehito Hayakawa
Toshiyuki Shizuma− 141 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies – Radioactive Nuclear Beams Project Group㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ( * Group Leader )Physics Division IV
Hiroari Miyatake*
Sun-Chan Jeong
Masahiko Tanaka
Hironobu Ishiyama
YutakaWatanabeNobuaki Imai
Yoshikazu Hirayama
Yoshihide Fuchi
Michihiro Oyaizu
IchiroKatayama
Hirokane Kawakami
Nobuharu Yoshikawa
Physics Division I
Shoji
SuzukiHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Accelerator Laboratory
Accelerator Division I
Shigeaki Arai
Masashi Okada− 142 −

JAEA-Review

2007-046

9.2 Research Planning and Assessment Committee
ChairmanVice Chairman
MemberShigeru Kubono
Ken-ichiro Komaki
Tadashi Kambara
Kenji
KimuraNoriaki Matsunami
TetsuoNoro
Tsutomu Ohtsuki
Tadashi Shimoda
Kazuhiro Yabana
Yuichi
Hatsukawa
Shiro
Jitsukawa
Motoharu Mizumoto
Kazumasa Narumi

Organizer

Hiroshi
SuehiroSecretary

AkihikoSusumu
Masao(Professor, The University of Tokyo)(Professor, The University of Tokyo)(Senior Scientist, RIKEN)(Professor, Kyoto University)(Associate Professor, Nagoya University)(Professor, Kyushu University)(Associate Professor, Tohoku University)(Professor, Osaka University)(Associate Professor, Tsukuba University)(Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA)(Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA)(Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA)(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

Ikezoe(Deputy Director, Advanced Science Research Center,
JAEA)
Takeuchi(Deputy Director, Dep. Research Reactors and Accelerator,
JAEA)
Osa
(Tandem Accelerator Section, JAEA)
Hanashima (Tandem Accelerator Section, JAEA)
Sataka(Tandem Accelerator Section, JAEA)− 143 −

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CHAPTER 10
Cooperative Researches , andCommon Use Program in JAEA

10.1 Cooperative Researches List
10.2 Common Use Program in JAEA

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10.1

2007-046

Cooperative Researches List
Title

Contact Person & Organization

1. Dynamic behavior of heavy ions in material

Kiyoshi KAWATSURA
Kyoto Institute of Technology

2. Process of irradiation damage in nuclear reactor materials
with Fe base alloys

Akihiro IWASE
Osaka Prefecture University

3. Process of structural change in light-water reactor fuelwith irradiation damage by fission products

Takeshi SONODA
Central Research Institute ofElectric Power Industry

4. Study of secondary ion emission from heavy ion-solid
collision

Tsuguhisa SEKIOKA
University of Hyogo

5. Study of nuclear structure in the region of A=180 nuclei by
the transfer reaction

Mamoru FUJIWARA
Osaka University

6. In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy in the trans-uranium
region by the transfer reaction

Masao OGAWA
Tokyo Institute of Technology

7. Production heavy elements by heavy-ion fusion reaction

Tsutomu OHTSUKI

using actinide targets and measurement of the decay

Tohoku University

properties
8. Measurement of spectroscopic factor and spin-parity on

Sun-Chan JEONG

Ni(d, p)63Ni* reaction in inverse kinematics

High Energy Accelerator

9. Experimental study of fusion barrier distribution for

Sun-Chan JEONG

62

Research Organization

super-heavy element synthesis

High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization

10. Study of element synthesis in the universe via short-lived
nuclei

Hiroari MIYATAKEHigh Energy Accelerator
Research Organization

11. Study of super-deformed state and high-spin shellstructure in A=30 region

Eiji IDEGUCHI
University of Tokyo

12. Study of nuclear deformation by Coulomb excitation andlifetime measurement

Masahiko SUGAWARA
Chiba Institute of Technology

13. Coulomb excitation on neutron-rich Xe nuclei of fission
products

Hiroari MIYATAKEHigh Energy Accelerator
Research Organization

14. Gamma-ray spectroscopy for super-heavy nuclei

Keisuke SUEKI
University of Tsukuba− 147 −

JAEA-Review

10.1

2007-046

Cooperative Researches List (contd.)
Title

Contact Person & Organization

15. Aqueous chemistry of super-heavy elements Rf and Db

Hisaaki KUDO
Niigata University

16. Development of electrochemical apparatus for single
atom chemistry

Osaka University

17. Study of nuclear fission from excited states ofheavy-actinide nuclei

Akihiko YOKOYAMA
Kanazawa University

18. Nuclear spectroscopy using lasers for refractory elementisotope in Re region

Takayoshi HORIGUCHI
Hiroshima International University

19. Decay study on neutron-rich nuclei of fission products of238

Atsushi SHINOHARA

Michihiro SHIBATA

U using the on-line mass separator JAEA-ISOL

Nagoya University

20. Ion source development for the JAEA on-line isotope

Sun-Chan JEONG

separator

High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization

21. Diffusion study in super-ionic conducting materials using
the short-lived nuclei

Sun-Chan JEONG
High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization

22. Study of the nuclear synthesis under an explosive
8

Hironobu ISHIYAMA

condition in the universe by using Li radioactive nuclei

High Energy Accelerator

beam

Research Organization

23. E-decay spectroscopy of nuclear spin polarized nuclei inthe region of

132

Sn

Yoshikazu HIRAYAMAHigh Energy Accelerator
Research Organization

24. Generation of polarized In, Cs and Ba isotope by using

Kensaku MATSUTA

tilted-foil method and measurement of nuclear magnetic

Osaka University

moment− 148 −

JAEA-Review

10.2

2007-046

Common Use Program in JAEA
Title

Contact Person & Organization

1. Radiation-induced magnetic transition in FeRh alloys

Akihiro IWASE
Osaka Prefecture University

2. Study on electronic structure and processes for highly

Kiyoshi KAWATSURA

charged heavy-ions by zero-degree electron spectroscopy

Kyoto Institute of Technology

3. Synthesis of water-soluble radioisotope-metallofullerenes

Keisuke SUEKI
University of Tsukuba

4. Systematic study of signature inversion and shapecoexistence in high-spin states of A=170-190 nuclei

Yu.Hu. Zhang
Institute of Modern Physics
Chinese Academy of Science

5. Electronic excitation effects on non-metals byhigh energy heavy ions

Noriaki MATSUNAMI
Nagoya University

6. Production of radioactive-isotope tracers for chemistry ofheavy and super heavy elements

Shinichi GOTO
Niigata University

7. Atomic structure and ion distribution in ion tracks inspinel irradiated with swift heavy ionsKazuhiro YASUDA
Kyushu University

8. Effect of neutron transfer in heavy-ion fusion reaction

Yutaka WATANABEHigh Energy Accelerator
Research Organization− 149 −

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