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J. Fac. Sci. Tech., Seikei Univ.
Vol.46 No.2 (2009) pp.87-90㧔⎇ⓥⵝ⟎⸳஻ߩ⚫੺࡮ᚑᨐႎ๔㧕

Wavelength Routing Network Test-bed for Large Contents Distribution
Applications in a CampusKimioOGUCHI*1andDaiHANAWA*2
ABSTRACT㧦The design and demonstration results for a campus-scale wavelength routing network

test-bed are described.

4K digital cinema contents are successfully transmitted over the test-bed

network via 8ǳand GbE interfaces to verify the feasibility of the network.
Keywords㧦wavelength routing, WDM, content transfer, 4K(Received September 25, 2009)

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WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technologies

Major goals of the network are to support educational

have been advanced in several networks; Core networks

and scientific applications in a campus.

enhanced capacity. Recently, they also use the wavelength[2, 3].

Multi-Protocol Label Switching) network.

is not favored due to the increase in latency.

now offer several tens of wavelengths resulting inrouting functionality in e.g. GMPLS (GeneralizedThe accessnetwork is expected to adopt the WDM PON (PassiveOptical Network) approach for future enhancement via

service multiplexing or capacity enhancement after therapid deployment of FTTH (Fiber To The home).

 Relatively smaller networks such as LANs (Local AreaNetworks) have not really benefited of WDM technology.
This is mainly due to the cost issue as the bit rate andnetwork size are rather small and the network facilities areonly lightly shared.

patterns are bursty with very high peaks [4].
bit rates should be over 1 Gb/s.

TrafficTherefore,

Distance is set by thecampus size of about 400 x 600 m.

The campus core isused for building to building connections.

The distancefor campus edge is set 100 m for inside building
connections.

This value was calculated by using thegeneralized house model with parameters of 30 x 10 x 3 m

However, new applications such as㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㪈㩷 㩷 㪞㪼㫅㪼㫉㪸㫃㩷㫉㪼㫈㫌㫀㫉㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㫊㧚㩷

high-resolution visual services require higher LAN
performance [1].

Item
- bit rate
- distance for core

Value/attribute: > 1 Gb/s
: < 2 km- # of connecting: around 10 (at present)

for edge This paper first discusses general requirements fordesigning campus-scale networks, and then describes thepoints

wavelength based full-mesh network test-bed, together
with some experimental results and lessons learned.

*2

Recent video applications with high resolution

need a lot of bandwidth; strong bandwidth compression

medical, scientific research, and education all with

*1

Generalrequirements for the network are summarized in Table 1

Professor, Faculty of Science and Technology(oguchi@st.seikei.ac.jp): < 100m- type of connection: center-to-end,- functionality: bit rate independent,

end-to-end

scalability,

signal format independent

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Science and Technology(hanawa@st.seikei.ac.jp)㧙㧙

4K Projector

4KJPEG2000
DecoderHD
Outside network

VideoServerPOF
Link

Giga-bit signal
and optical
Termination
B

A

F

4K LCD
Display

1080x1920 pixels

CE

Nodeឬ᭗ችኬ
ȇǣǹȗȬǤ

D

2160x4096 pixels

Wavelength Router(KI%QORCTKUQPQH-CPF*&KPVGTOUQHRKZGNU(KI0GVYQTMEQPHKIWTCVKQPhigher resolution than HD content.
with 5 floors [5].

The number of connecting points

corresponds to the number of buildings to be connectedwith increases for multiple floors in each building.
Connection types are center to end (C-E) for content
distribution applications and end to end (E-E) for normal
communication.

Functionality is an important issue.

Terminals and their attributes vary widely and rapid
evolution is expected.

Therefore, bit rate independency,

scalability, and signal format independency are ofimportance.

or educational applications that offer high reality can beimplemented.

The original uncompressed content

occupies about 6.4 Gbit/s.

 Figure 3 shows the layered functions of the network.

Three layers, optical, IP, and application, form the network.
The optical layer functions include WDM on a fiber
between the wavelength router and any node withbi-directional transmission, wavelength routing at therouter, and the creation of a wavelength-based VPN(Virtual Private Network) through the addition of fiberconnections via loop-backs and a cyclic AWG㧔Arrayed

Waveguide Grating 㧕 [8].

㧟㧚9CXGNGPIVJDCUGFHWNNOGUJPGVYQTMVGUVDGF
In order to realize a network that meets the requirements

mentioned above, we have developed a passive star
network with a wavelength router as the center node.
Figure 1 shows the configuration of the network.

wavelength router connects the nodes in a star [6].

TheEachTherefore, scientific

The IP layer functions

full-mesh connections. The application layer offers both
E-E and C-E connections.


㧠㧚'ZRGTKOGPVCNTGUWNVUIn order to confirm the optical characteristics of thesystem and content distribution functions, and extract

node performs giga-bit signal termination and opticalsignal termination.
with 4K content.

Node A connects to a video server

Node C connects to a 4K projector orB

4K LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), both via a JPEG 2000
Decoder.

Application

center to end connections.
either PCs or nothing.

- Full-meshconnection

OpticalThe 4K digital cinema content isA

standardized by the DCI (Digital Cinema Initiatives) [7].
Figure 2 compares the pixel-size for 4K and the most䌃䌯䌲䌥

Layerwidely used high definition (HD) television format.
Each 4K frame holds 2160 x 4096 pixels, about 4 timesCB

䌅䌤䌧䌥F

NodeE

Wavelength Router

Configuration(KI.C[GTGFHWPEVKQP㧙㧙

- E-E
application- C-E
application(e.g. contentdistribution)

DEIPOther nodes connect

the highest resolution commercial content currently

1GbE

FIn this experiment, however,

only point-to-point links are used.

CFAConnections between nodes A to C simulate

DD- WDM- Wavelength
routing- Wavelength
based VPN

Characteristics

technical study items, several experiments have beenconducted.

equipment.

Figure 4 shows a photograph of the test-bed

The equipment includes two nodes (signalC

termination), a wavelength router, a video server, aλ4

JPEG2000 decoder, a 4K projector, and a 150-inch screen

λ5λ71[9].

λ6λ2λ4λ4 λ5λ4 λ5λ3λ8λ1λ5λ3λ6λ14λ2%QTG0GVYQTM
Each node in the core network has SFP (Small Formfactor Pluggable) GbE transceiver modules.

λ7λ82These3modules can be upgraded to 10GbE as the network itself ispassive, i.e. bit-rate independent.

8 optical channels (λ1(KI㪝㫌㫃㫃㪄㫄㪼㫊㪿㩷㪺㫆㫅㫅㪼㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㫊㩷㪹㪸㫊㪼㪻㩷㫆㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫎㪸㫍㪼㫃㪼㫅㪾㫋㪿㧚

23 (1547.72 – 1558.98 nm) are used for the wavelength

6CDNG+PRWVCPFQWVRWVEJCTCEVGTKUVKEU㧚to λ8) with 200GHz spacing on the ITU-T grid 37 down torouter and nodes.

Output

The wavelength router has wavelength based full meshcharacteristics whose input and output relationship is given
in Table 2.

Figure 5 shows the logical full meshconnection with the center node (Center) and 4 other nodes(N-1 to N-4) with wavelengths.
connection as depicted.

Input

It uses 8 wavelengths forIf future node extension needed,another matrix with additional wavelengths will be created.
It uses dielectric multilayer thin-film filters.

Measured

Total path loss between any nodes is less than 10 dB.

N-2N-3N-4Center

Node1-λ2λ6λ8λ5Node2λ1-λ8λ6λ5

Node3λ3λ7-λ2λ5

Node4λ7λ3λ1-λ5Centerλ4λ4λ4λ4-㩷optical insertion losses of each channel of the wavelengthrouter are 2.5 to 3 dB with 3 dB bandwidth of 1 nm.

N-1'FIG0GVYQTM
Output wavelength of the media converter (MC)measured was 791.9 nm where optical power measured

was smaller than an actual value because the opticalspectrum analyzer has smaller active area at receiver.

Itspower was 1.8 dBm that was measured with 1 m long
GI-POF (Graded Index Plastic Optical Fiber) [10].
ScreenOptical loss measured was 9.5 dB for the 50 m POF

cable at 791.9 nm.

Connection loss of SMI (Small Multimedia Interface)

4K Projector

connecter measured was less than 0.1 dB.

Optical bending loss was smaller negligible for eight 90

Wavelength
RouterJPEG2000
Decoder

degree bends with bend radius of 12 mm.

6TCPUOKUUKQP'ZRGTKOGPVNo packet loss was observed during the 4K content(KI㩷 㩷 㪫㪼㫊㫋㪄㪹㪼㪻㩷㪼㫈㫌㫀㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㩿㪭㫀㪻㪼㫆㩷㫊㪼㫉㫍㪼㫉㩷㫀㫊㩷㫅㫆㫋㩷㫊㪿㫆㫎㫅㪀㧚㩷transfer via core and edge networks.

㧙㧙Link for Large Contents Distribution Applications”,

㧡㧚.GUUQPU.GCTPGF

POF2008, Paper Home Networking-6, Santa Clara,Several items for future study identified in theexperiment are;-network configuration of the edge network e.g. a-wavelength allocation for increased connecting point-transmission medium suitable for shorter distances

[4]

[5]

-

improved network availability especially against fiber-

functional allocation in different layers e.g. Multicast.

break, and[6]

was introduced.

The test-bed offers both center-to-endand end-to-end functionality.

Results of large capacity

content (4K digital cinema content) transfer verified theThey also imply that thisnetwork will be able to support new applications such as
medical, scientific research, and education all withhigh-resolution

visualservices

performance in a campus area.

that

require

[7]

[8]

[9]

Oguchi, “Physical configuration of the next
vol.E91-B, no.7, pp.2169-2177, July 2008.

K. Noguchi, O. Moriwaki and Y. Sakai, “A proposalof full-mesh wavelength routing network withJapanese).

Digital Cinema Initiatives, “Digital Cinema System

Specification V1.2”, http://www.dcimovies.com/,last accessed on Sept. 15, 2009.

K. Okada, S. Terada and K. Oguchi, “A novel
wavelength router architecture for optical VPNs
multistage

AWGs

ina

WDM-PON”,

OECC/IOOC2007, 10A2-4, July, 2007.

K. Oguchi, “Wavelength routing system based on
wavelength

division

multiplexing(WDM)

Oguchi, “1-Gbps link system for hoe network withplastic optical fiber cable”, OECC/IOOC2007,
12A3-3, July, 2007.

Starlight Projects: A campus to global-scale testbedcomputing”,March, 2005.

Proc.

OFCNFOEC2005,OWG7,K. Oguchi, S. Terada, Y. Kakishima, S. Yamakawa,Hanawa,K.

Noguchi,andA.

Okada,“Campas-scale wavelength routing network testbed

for large contents distribution applications”, Proc.
[3]

S. Terada, Y. Kakishima, D. Hanawa, and K.

[10] T. Kawakami, H. Sueyoshi, T. Tanichuchi, and K.

L. Smarr, et al., “The OptIPuter, Quartzite, andD.

2005.

Dec., 2007 (in Japanese).

for optical technologies enabling LambdaGrid[2]

Oguchi,Fac. Sci. Tech., Seikei Univ. vol.44, no.2, pp.31-32,

4GHGTGPEGU
[1]K.

technology for large capacity contents transfer”, J.

The test-bed experiments

network.

and“Measurement of burst traffic characteristics of next

usinghigher

will be further continued to enhance the next phase

Murooka,IEICE general conference, B-12-2, March 2006 (infeasibility of the high speed, but small scale, network withwavelength routing functions.

T.

bi-directional transmission”, Proc. of the 2006

㧢㧚%QPENWUKQPU
A campus-scale wavelength routing network test-bed

Tojo,

generation home network”, IEICE Trans. Commun.,especially in an edge network e.g. MMF (Multi-ModeFiber), POF (Plastic Optical Fiber),K.

generation home network”, OECC2005, 6A4-6, July,simple star, wavelength routed network, a WDM ring,number,CA, Aug. 26-28, 2008.

OECC/ACOFT2008, WeL-4, July, 2008.

K. Oguchi, S. Terada, Y. Kakishima, S. Yamakawa,

D. Hanawa, T. Taniguchi, and T. Kawakami,“Wavelength Routing Network Testbed with POF㧙㧙