CCS Technical Workshop 2024ᅜෆ䛻䛚䛡䜛㻯㻻㻞ᆅ୰㈓␃䛾ᐇ⏝໬䞉஦ᴗ໬䛻ྥ䛡䛶
Development & Deployment ofGeological CO2 Storage (GCS) in Japan஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ࣭ٗढ़෨ௗබ㈈ ᆅ⌫⎔ቃ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲ᶵᵓ㸦RITE㸧
CO2㈓␃◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
ࡏࡘࡌࡁࡹ࠺ⷸ ⮬ồZiqiu Xue (xue@rite.or.jp)

ඛ㐍ⓗCCS஦ᴗ䚸ィ7௳䠄ᅜෆ䠖䠑௳䠗ᾏእ䠖2௳䠅䛜᥇ᢥ䛥䜜䛯䟿JOGMEC䝩䞊䝮䝨䞊䝆䜘䜚https://www.jogmec.go.jp/ccs/advancedsupport_002.html

2

METI, 2023

¾ CO2Ⓨ⏕※䚸㍺㏦᪉ἲ䚸㈓␃䝃䜲䝖䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䚸㧗䛔ᣑᙇᛶ¾ ከᵝ䛺CCS஦ᴗ䝰䝕䝹䠄᤼ฟ※䞉㍺㏦᪉ἲ䠅䛾☜❧¾ ஦ᴗ䛾኱つᶍ໬䠄㈓␃ᆅᇦ䠅䞉ᅽಽⓗ䝁䝇䝖๐ῶ3」ᩘ䛾ᐇ᝿ᐃ䝃䜲䝖䜢㑅ᐃ䛧䚸஦ᴗ㛤Ⓨ䝅䝘䝸䜸䜢᳨ウ䛧䛶䛝䛯䟿2021-2023ᖺᗘ䛾NEDO஦ᴗ䠄ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ䠅45ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ䛜ᥥ䛔䛶䛔䜛CCS஦ᴗ䜲䝯䞊䝆
6

CCS஦ᴗ䝁䝇䝖ヨ⟬䝒䞊䝹సᡂ୰䠄䝫䝇䝍䞊䜢䛤ཧ↷䛟䛰䛥䛔䠅䛹䛾㒊ศ䛜䚸䝁䝇䝖๐ῶ䛷䛝䜛䛛䚸䛹䛖๐ῶ䛩䜛䠄⤌ྜ䛫䞉᭱㐺໬䠅䛛ᢏ⾡ⓗ⤒῭ᛶ᭱㐺䛺஦ᴗᵓᡂ⤒ႠⓗពᛮỴᐃ7஦ᴗᵓᡂ䛾᭱㐺໬䛻ྥ䛡䛶䠖 ᤼ฟ※㻰㻮䛾ᴫせ9 GCSᐇ⏝໬䞉஦ᴗ໬䛻䛿䚸 CO2᤼ฟ※䛸㈓␃䝃䜲䝖䛾㐺ษ䛺䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䛜㔜せ䞉ⅆຊⓎ㟁ᡤ䚸ᕤሙ䚸䛤䜏↝༷᪋タ䛛䜙䛾CO2᤼ฟ㔞䜢஦ᴗᡤ䛤䛸䛻ヨ⟬䛧䚸䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇໬
䞉CO2᤼ฟ※䠄㯤⥳Ⅼ䠅䛸㈓␃ྍ⬟ᆅᇦ䠄䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊B䠅䛾⤫ྜ⾲♧䠃᝟ሗ᳨⣴ᶵ⬟䜢㛤ⓎÎÎ 㐺ษ䛺䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䜢どぬⓗᨭ᥼
䞉 ‴᤼ฟ※᝟ሗ䚸 ‴䛛䜙㞳䜜䛶䛔䜛᤼ฟ※䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾䚸᪤Ꮡ䝟䜲䝥䝷䜲䞁᝟ሗ⾲♧ÎÎ 䝝䝤䠃䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊໬䚸ෆ㝣ᆺ⏘ᴗ㐃ᦠ䚸CO2䛾㍺㏦ᡭẁ䛾᳨ウᨭ᥼ 䛺䛹䞉䝞䜲䜸䝬䝇⇞ᩱ䛻䜘䜛CO2᤼ฟ㔞䜒䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇໬ ÎÎ BECCS䛾₯ᅾ⬟ຊ䜒ᢕᥱྍ䝫䝇䝍䞊䜢䛤ཧ↷䛟䛰䛥䛔8¾ ᤼ฟ※䛾どぬⓗ䞉ຠ⋡ⓗᢕᥱ䠖 ᤼ฟ※䜰䜾䝸䝀䞊䝍ᨭ᥼䞉ሜἨ໭⮫ᾏ䝁䞁䝡䝘䞊䝖䠄኱㜰䚸ሜ䠅䛾᤼ฟ※䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾஦౛䠄ᆅᅗ䜢⛣ືᣑ኱䛧䚸ὀ┠⠊ᅖ䜢ᅄゅ䛷ᅖ䜐䛰䛡䛷ᐜ᫆䛻䝇䜽䝸䠉䝙䞁䜾䠅䞉᤼ฟ※䜰䜾䝸䝀䞊䝍䛾ึᮇάື䜢ຠ⋡ⓗ䛻ᨭ᥼ 䛺䛹ὀ┠⠊ᅖෆ䛾᤼ฟ※᝟ሗ䠄᤼ฟ※䝍䜲䝥䚸⇞ᩱ✀ู䚸᤼ฟ㔞䚸䛛䜙䛾㊥㞳䠅9

¾ ኱つᶍ䝝䝤䠃䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊໬᳨ウᨭ᥼䠖‴䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䛾つᶍᢕᥱ䞊 䜺䝇䝟䜲䝥䝷䜲䞁䞊 㧗㏿㐨㊰JOGMEC䝩䞊䝮䝨䞊䝆䜘䜚https://www.jogmec.go.jp/ccs/advancedsupport_002.html

ඛ㐍ⓗCCS஦ᴗ䛾ᡂᯝ䜢䛥䜙䛻ᣑ኱䛩䜛᳨ウ‴䛛䜙䛾㊥㞳

5km௨ෆ
5-10km䞉ಶู䛾஦ᴗ䛾᭱㐺໬䛛䜙䚸᪥ᮏ඲య䛾CCSᵓᡂ䛾᭱㐺໬䜈䞉䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊໬䛾୺ຊ䛸䛺䜛 ‴᤼ฟ※⩌䛾఩⨨䛸つᶍ䛾ᢕᥱ䞉CO2㍺㏦ᡭẁ䛾᳨ウᨭ᥼䠖ᇶᖿ䝟䜲䝥䝷䜲䞁䛾᪋タ᳨ウ➼

10km㉸

CO2㞟✚㔞
䠄Mt/ᖺ䠅10¾ ෆ㝣ᆺ᤼ฟ※䛾䜽䝷䝇䝍䇷໬᳨ウᨭ᥼䞉௨ୗ䛿䚸 ‴䛛䜙 50 km ௨ୖ㞳䜜䛯᤼ฟ※䛾⾲♧౛䞉 ‴࿘㎶᤼ฟ※䛜୺䛷䛒䜛䜒䛾䛾䚸ෆ㝣ᆺ᤼ฟ※䜒ከ䛟Ꮡᅾ䞉㝣ᇦ㈓␃䚸䝟䜲䝥䝷䜲䞁㍺㏦䚸䜸䝣䝉䝑䝖໬䛺䛹䛾᳨ウᨭ᥼䛻ά⏝䞊 䜺䝇䝟䜲䝥䝷䜲䞁䞊 㧗㏿㐨㊰‴䛛䜙䛾㊥㞳䜢ᣦᐃ11¾ 䝝䝤䠃䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊໬䛻㛵䛩䜛䝕䞊䝍ศᯒ䠍䠅 ‴㞟✚ᗘศᯒ
䞉 ‴5km௨ෆ䠄ᅜᅵ䛾⣙1%䠅䛷Ⓨ㟁ᡤ䜔ᕤሙ䛾66%䛾CO2䜢᤼ฟ䞉ෆ㝣ᆺ᤼ฟ※䜒୍ᐃ๭ྜᏑᅾ䛧䚸≉䛻஦ᴗ⪅ᩘ䛿㐣༙ᩘ䜢༨䜑䜛
CO2᤼ฟ㔞 䠄Mt-CO2/ᖺ䠅
130,16%
148,18%

᤼ฟ※ᩘィ10,616௳

ィ815Mt1794,17%1402,13%538,66%7420,70%䠎䠅⪃ᐹどぬⓗศᯒ䛾䜏䛷䛺䛟䚸䝕䞊䝍ศᯒ䛛䜙䜒௨ୗ䜢⿬௜䛡
䞉 ‴䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊໬䠃኱つᶍCCS໬䛜᭱᭷ຊ䞉୍᪉䚸ෆ㝣ᆺ᤼ฟ※䛾䜹䞊䝪䞁䝙䝳䞊䝖䝷䝹໬䜒୙ྍḞĻ䞉୰ᑠつᶍ䛾ศᩓ䛧䛯᤼ฟ※䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛻䛿䚸
BECCS䛻䜘䜛䜸䝣䝉䝑䝖໬䜒ᚲせ‴䛛䜙䛾㊥㞳
5km௨ෆ
5-10km10km㉸

12¾ ෆ㝣ศᩓᆺ᤼ฟ※䛾䜹䞊䝪䞁䝙䝳䞊䝖䝷䝹໬䛾᳨ウ౛
BECCS䠃䜸䝣䝉䝑䝖໬䛾఩⨨䛵䛡䞉䝞䜲䜸䝬䝇⇞ᩱ䛛䜙䛾CO2᤼ฟ䛻⤠䛳䛯⾲♧
䞉BECCS䠃䜸䝣䝉䝑䝖໬䛾ೃ⿵ᆅᇦ䛾㑅ᐃ䝞䜲䜸䝬䝇⇞ᩱ䛛䜙䛾CO2᤼ฟ※䛻⤠䛳䛯⾲♧⮬἞య䛾䜹䞊䝪䞁䝙䝳䞊䝖䝷䝹໬᳨ウ౛䠇䛤䜏ฎ⌮᪋タBECCS໬&䜸䝣䝉䝑䝖ᕷႠ䝞䝇䠄⬺Ⅳ⣲໬ᅔ㞴䠅

13䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾◊✲㛤Ⓨ䠖஦ᴗ䠄field projects䠅䛸䛾ᐦ᥋䛺㐃ᦠ

US/DOE (2021)¾ Collaborating with CSIRO in Aus.
¾

With JCCS soon

¾ Collaborating with North Dakota University in USA

14

¾ Advanced CO2 Storage Monitoring with Fiber
Optic Sensing (DTS, DAS, DSS)䞉To track the movement of CO2 and assure permanencefor geologic storage
䞉Provide measurements of down-hole and reservoir
conditions for real-time decision making andprocess optimization
䞉To decrease the cost and uncertainty in measurements
and satisfy regulations
䞉Provide long-term post-injection monitoring
15

Optic Fiber and Back Scattering

Incident
Back Scatteringfiber optic cable(DTS, DAS, DSS)
(temp, strain)(temp, strain)(temp)

16

Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS)(DTS)with Rayleigh Scattering¾

ᗘ䞉䜂䛪䜏ኚ໬Ⅼ¾

ᗘ䞉䜂䛪䜏䛾኱䛝䛥

¾ᗘ䞉䜂䛪䜏䛾ศ㞳¾ ༙Ọஂⓗ䛻฼⏝ྍDAS: Distributed Acoustic Sensing (VSP)

17

Fiber Optic Sensing for Multi-purpose Data Acquisition (DTS,DAS, DSS) and Permanent Monitoring for CO2 Storage,
North Dakota, United States 䠄᪥⡿CCUS༠ຊ஦ᴗ䠅North Dakota䝃䜲䝖䛾ᢏ⾡ᐇド¾ Optic fiber cables (designed byRITE) installed behind casing of two

Observation Well

deep wells (Injection & Observation:2.1 km) and two ground water wells(depth: 600 m).
¾ SOV-DAS/VSP for CO2 plume
Injection Wellmonitoring (180kt/year x 20 years)¾ Coupled analysis of InSAR and DSS
from the shallow water wells

US/DOE

CO2 Injection: 16 June 2022, 180 kt /year¾ Which depth & how much thedeformation occurs in subsurface

Class VI Approved(Oct. 2021)

and how it migrates to surface18ග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䛻䜘䜛CO2䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾
CO2ᅇ཰

ほSOV3

஭

CO2䝟䜲䝥䝷䜲䞁ග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊

SOV2WW2

ᅽධ஭
SOV1WW1⌧ᅾ䛾CO2ᅽධ㔞䠄⣼ィ䠅䠖 ⣙ 23୓䝖䞁

CO2ᅽධつᶍ䠖 430 ton䠋day

RTE10.2

DAS 䠄㡢㡪ィ䠅

RTE10CO2䝥䝹䞊䝮䛾ᗈ䛜䜚ᢕᥱ䠄DAS/VSP䠅

DSS 䠄䜂䛪䜏ィ 䠅ᆙ஭೺඲ᛶ䚸㈓␃ᒙ/㐽ⶸᒙᏳᐃᛶ┘ど䚸CO2ᣲື┘どDTS 䠄ᆙ஭࿘㎶䛾CO2ᣲື┘ど䠄ᆙ஭೺඲ᛶ䠅ᗘィ䠅

SOV419῝䛥䛜6,900 feet䠄⣙2.1km䠅䛾ᅽධ஭䠄RTE-10䠅䚸ほ ஭䠄RTE10.2䠅䜈ග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䜢タ⨨ᣦྥᛶ䝟䞊䝣䜷䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜᩿ᛕග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䛜㈓␃ᒙୖ㒊䜎䛷

DAS/VSPほ 䛷ග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊⤊➃┤ୗ䛻✵ⓑᇦග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊タ⨨䛻క䛖సᴗ᫬㛫䛾ቑຍ䛿10-20%⛬ᗘ20

DAS/VSP䛻䜘䜛ᅽධ஭࿘㎶㈓␃ᒙෆ䛾CO2ศᕸ≧ἣ䛾ᢕᥱᅽධึᮇ

䡚5ᖺ
(2,654m)

䝊䝻䜸䝣䝉䝑䝖VSP䛷ᅽධCO2ศᕸᇦ䜢᳨▱(59m)䜸䝣䝉䝑䝖VSP䛷ᅽධCO2ศᕸᇦ䠄㈓␃ᒙෆ䛾ᗈ䛜䜚䠅ᢕᥱ(1,077m)

(59m)

500m

(1,796m)

21

SOV2 - RTE10 (offset 1,077m) DAS/VSP㏿ሗ
Baseline data䝧䞊䝇䝷䜲䞁ィUp-going P-wave

CMP transformed
Preliminary

Depth [m]Time [msec]

Time [msec]

ග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊

䝅䝱䝗䞊䝌䞊䞁䠄✵ⓑᇦ䠅㈓␃ᒙ

Distance [m]㈓␃ᑐ㇟ᒙ䛷䛿䚸䜸䝣䝉䝑䝖⣙100m௨ෆ䛿䝅䝱䝗䞊䝌䞊䞁䛻䛺䜛
22

Zero-offset SOV-DAS/VSP for CO2 injection monitoring @RTE-10Miyoshi et al., Submitted to GHGT-17, Calgary Canada Oct. 2024

Processed zero-offset VSP acquisition using SOV1 after (a) deconvolution and noise attenuation,(b) wavefield separation, (c) two-way travel time conversion, and (d) corridor stackingヲ⣽䛿䝫䝇䝍䞊䜢䛤ཧ↷䛟䛰䛥䛔
23

A zero-offset VSP section recorded using SOV1
Miyoshi et al., Submitted to GHGT-17, Calgary Canada Oct. 2024ヲ⣽䛿䝫䝇䝍䞊䜢䛤ཧ↷䛟䛰䛥䛔(a) The time series corridor stacks, and (b) comparison of reflected waves.
The reflected waves propagating through the CO2-bearing zone show travel-timedelay due to replacement of formation water by the injected CO2, enabling us toidentify the top and bottom of the target reservoir.
24

CO2 distribution in Broom Creek
Nakajima et al., Submitted to GHGT-17, Calgary Canada Oct. 2024

• Mainly in high permeability layers (perforated intervals)• CO2 plume size: 200m @Vibroseis VSP (MS1)ᅽධ஭῝ᗘ᪉ྥ䛾CO2ศᕸ≧ἣ䠄㏿ሗ䠅䚸ୖ఩✸Ꮝ༊㛫䛻㞟୰

25

the time-lapse difference in seismic response between the baseline andmonitoring surveys after 1 year of CO2 injection
Nakajima et al., Submitted to GHGT-17, Calgary Canada Oct. 2024

Baseline shot gathers at (a) near offset and (c) far offset locations. Time-lapse
differences between the baseline and after 1 year injection for (b) near-offsetand (d) far offset.
26ᆙ஭೺඲ᛶ┘ど䠖 㻰㼀㻿ィ

䛾᭷ຠᛶNOData
28/9
to3/10

9/26
10/15

9/27
10/16

9/28 ---- 10/3

10/4

10/5

10/6

10/7

10/8

10/9

10/10

10/11

10/12

10/13

10/14

10/17

¾ 9/28-10/2䠖ᕤሙタഛᐃᮇⅬ᳨䛾䛯䜑䚸CO2ᅽධ䛜೵Ṇ
¾ ᅽධ೵Ṇ䞊෌㛤᫬䛾DTSィィ䜢ᇶ䛻䚸ᆙ஭೺඲ᛶ䝏䜵䝑䜽
27

Application for well integrity monitoring, combined withAZMI (Above-Zone Monitoring Interval) pressure monitoring
9 Strain response as an
early alert of fluid leaking9 Caprock / cement integrity

Fiber cables
behind casing

Hovorka et al, 201828

ᆅᒙᏳᐃᛶ┘ど䠖 DSS Monitoring (1/3)
Amer et al., Submitted to GHGT-17, Calgary Canada Oct. 2024ヲ⣽᝟ሗၥ䛔ྜ䜟䛫୰29ᆅᒙᏳᐃᛶ┘ど䠖 DSS Monitoring (2/3)
Amer et al., Submitted to GHGT-17, Calgary Canada Oct. 202430ᆅᒙᏳᐃᛶ┘ど䠖 DSS Monitoring (3/3)
Amer et al., Submitted to GHGT-17, Calgary Canada Oct. 2024

31

Application: Strain profile from injection well or observation
well as injection profile (as an input for CO2 injection simulation)

Strain profile

No need to stop injection for running spinner test
to obtain the injection profile !

ほ஭RTE-10.2䛾ග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䛜䚸㈓␃ᒙୗ㒊䜎䛷タ⨨䛧䛶䛔䜜䜀䜂䛪䜏 ᐃ䜘䜚 injection profile䛜ᢕᥱ䛷䛝䛯䟿32ഴᩳ஭䜈䛾ග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊タ⨨䞉ᣦྥᛶ䝟䞊䝣䜷䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁
RITE-CO2CRC Collaboration @Otway site, Victoria, Australia
CRC-8
䠄2023/12䛻᥀๐䠅ᆶ┤䞉ഴᩳ༊㛫ග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊タ⨨῭

CRC-3䛛䜙CO2ᅽධィ⏬䠄䠎ᅇ䠅䚸DTS/DAS/DSSᐇ᪋ணᐃ

33

Applications of Optic Fiber Sensing in CO2 Storage¾ Caprock and Well Integrity Monitoring

Strain/Temp¾ Pressure and Plume Fronts Monitoring¾ DAS/VSP CO2 Monitoring

Acoustic¾ Microseismic /Earthquake Monitoring
Modified from Buscheck et al. 201434ᆅୗ᝟ሗ䛾୙☜ᐇᛶ䚸₯ᅾⓗ䝸䝇䜽䚸䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖
Risk Management

Risk profile 䠜CO2 injection site䠄site-specific䠅

Reducing Uncertainty䠋Mitigating Risks to the Manageable Levels !

Loses of Injectivity, Capacity and Containment,
Induced Seismicity, Environmental Impacts᩿ᒙ 䞉 ᆅ㟈

CO2₃ὤ 䞉 ₃ฟ35

Song et al., 2023

᩿ᒙ䛸䛿….䛹䛾῝䛥….䛹䛖ぢ䛴䛡䜛䛹䛖ᆅ㟈䜢㉳䛣䛩….➼䚻White and Foxall, 2016

White and Foxall, 2016

Scaling relationship between fault rupture length and earthquake
magnitude, supported by field observations.
Dashed lines indicate a commonly observed range of stress drop,from 0.1 to 10 MPa. Vertical shaded regions indicate “typical”
visibility of a given size fault using 3D seismic.
Note that actual seismic resolution is highly site, survey, and fault
specific, and the depicted thresholds are meant for conceptualillustration only.

36⬟Ⓩ༙ᓥ䛾᩿ᒙ䞉ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮 ÎÎ ㅖㄝ䛒䜚䚸ⓒᐙத㬆ṇ䛧䛟䚸ศ䛛䜚䜔䛩䛟ఏ䛘䜎䛧䜗䛖䛆␲ၥ䛒䜚䛇
9 ῝䛥⣙300km䛛䜙䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻16km
䜎䛷⛣ື䛧䛯䛛 ÎÎ ㏻䜚㐨䛿䠛
9 䛺䛬ᆅୗ16km䛾῝䛥䛻⁀䜎䛳䛯䛛
9 ᮾி䝗䞊䝮23ᮼศ䚸䛹䛖᥎ᐃ䛧䛯䛛37

ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ䠄technology development䠅䛛䜙ヰ⾡䠄art of conversation䠅䜈䛾ኚ㌟䠄transforming䠅

Risk Communications Approaches
Uncertainties in Subsurface Characterization (Geology, Science and Technology), Policy and Regulation
ÆÆ Public Concerns over Potential Risks ÆÆ Sending Experts into the Community & Building

Relationships and Trust !
3839ே㛫άື䛸ㄏⓎᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶

᩿ᒙ(a) ᩿ᒙෆ㒊䛾ᅽຊ䛜ቑຍ䛧䚸୙Ᏻᐃ䛺≧ែ䛻䛺䜛
䛻䛿㈓␃ᒙ䛸䛴䛺䛠㧗䛔ᾐ㏱ᛶ䛾㏻㊰䛜ᚲせ䟿

40Collaborations: RITE-CSIRO
Fiber Optic Sensing for Fault Zone
Mapping and Stability Monitoring䠄᪥㇦CCUS༠ຊ஦ᴗ䠅
In Situ Lab / SW-Hub: SouthPerth¾ Fault zone mapping and monitoring with
Strain Sensing (RITE) coupled withtemperature and acoustic sensing (CSIRO)
41

Fault Characterization (fault zone, hydraulic-mechanical property)
Drilling two new wells and applying Fiber Optic Sensing

42᪂つᆙ஭Harvey-6䠄Depth:700m䠅䛾᥀๐ィ⏬䞉௙ୖ䛢ᴫせග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䠄DTS/DSS/DAS䠅

43

Estimating the Fault Damage Zone Envelope from Seismic
Harvey-2 Superimposed to LINE-01

500m

300m
200m

44

Theoretical distributed strain sensing measurements
are shown in purple for slip on either type of fault

the relationship between fault core/gouge, principal slip surfaces, and the ‘fault
damage zone’¾ FY2022: 2D seismic survey, seismometer, strain interrogator and tiltmeter deployment¾ FY2023䡚: new well drilling and fiber cable installation, water injection, fault zone mapping45Collaborations Between RITE-CO2CRC
Fiber Optic Sensing for Fault Leakage Monitoring
DAS (Acoustic), DSS (Strain), DTS (Temperature)䠄᪥㇦CCUS༠ຊ஦ᴗ䠅New wells ?

RITE-CO2CRC @Otway¾ FY2022: shallow well drilling, fiber cable installation, baseline (strain, temp) monitoring¾ FY2023䡚: water / CO2 injection, fault leakage detection, DAS/DSS/DTS monitoring46

3D view of Brumby wells at Otway site᪤Ꮡᆙ஭䠖 Brumby 2᪤Ꮡᆙ஭䠖Brumby 1
䠄㏫VSPⓎ᣺䛻㌿⏝䠅᪂つᆙ஭䠖 Brumby 3䠄Injection well, DTS/DAS/DSS䠅᪂つᆙ஭䠖 Brumby 4
䠄DTS/DAS/DSS Monitoring䠅47᪤Ꮡᆙ஭Brumby 1䛛䜙䛾ணഛὀỈヨ㦂⤖ᯝ
Xue et al., ᢞ✏‽ഛ୰
0m

B3B4B2 B1᫬㛫᫬㛫Upper Pressure Gauge

Water injection period
45 L/min

50m

Upper Pressure Gauge
Lower Pressure Gauge

Lower Pressure Gauge

100m
ὀỈ༊㛫

᩿ᒙྑഃ䛾ᆙ஭䠄Brumby 4䠅䛷䛿ᩘȝİ⛬ᗘ䛾䜂䛪䜏䛜ほ 䛥䜜䛯䟿᩿ᒙᕥഃ䛾ᆙ஭䠄Brumby 3䠅䛷䛿䜂䛪䜏䛜ほ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䟿¾ ᩿ᒙ䛸ẕᒾ䠄host rock䠅䛻ᾐ㏱ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛛¾ fault zone䛻ὶయ䠄Ỉ䚸CO2䠅䛜ᾐධ䛷䛝䜛䛛¾ ὶయ⛣ື䛜䜂䛪䜏䛷᳨▱䛷䛝䜛䛛
48

ᅽຊ䝕䞊䝍 @8/23 Brumby 1 water injection
Xue et al., ᢞ✏‽ഛ୰
779778.5774.5injection period

774

Brumby 3

778

773.5

777.5

773

777772.5

776.5

Brumby 3 lower

776

Brumby 3 upper

772771.5

775.5

771

865.5

256

injection period
865

255.5

Brumby 4864.5

Brumby 4 lower

255864

Brumby 4 upper

254.5

863.5
863

254

25ศ䛾㐜䜜䠛

253.5¾ 45 L/min䠄injection rate䠅䛷䛿䚸Brumby 3䛾ᅽຊィ䛻ኚ໬䠄pressure build-up䠅䛜䛒䛳䛯¾ Brumby 4䛾῝㒊䛸ὸ㒊䛾ᅽຊィ䛻䛿䚸pressure build-up䛾᫬㛫ᕪ䠄ᅽຊఏ᧛䠅䛜䛒䛳䛯49ὀỈヨ㦂᫬䚸᩿ᒙྑഃ䛾ᆙ஭䛷ほ䛥䜜䛯䜂䛪䜏ศᕸ䛾⤒᫬ኚ໬

Rayleigh shift at Brumby 4 in water injection @ Brumby 1
Xue et al., ᢞ✏‽ഛ୰
Water injection period
75 L/min100 L/min

Upper
Pressure gauge
15.27m

150 L/minCementSurface-102.67m

Lower
Pressure gauge
77.24m

FO BHA
100.67m
Bore TD
104.00m

4-1/2” CSG
102.67m¾ fault zone䛻ὶయ䛜ᾐධ䛷䛝䚸ὶయ⛣ື䠄₃ὤ䠅䛜䜂䛪䜏䛷᳨▱䛷䛝䛯
¾ ῝ᗘ᪉ྥ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䜂䛪䜏ฟ⌧䛾䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䜔኱䛝䛥䛜␗䛺䜛¾ ୍㒊䛾Ỉ䛜ᾐ㏱ᛶ䛾㧗䛔ᆅᒙ䛻ᾐධ䛧䛶䛔䜛

ᆅ㉁䝰䝕䝹䛻㼒㼑㼑㼐㼎㼍㼏㼗䠄᳨ウసᴗ୰䠅50ὀỈヨ㦂᫬䚸᩿ᒙᕥഃ䛾ᆙ஭䛷ほ䛥䜜䛯䜂䛪䜏ศᕸ䛾⤒᫬ኚ໬

Rayleigh shift at Brumby 3 in water injection @ Brumby 1
Xue et al., ᢞ✏‽ഛ୰
Water injection period
75 L/min

100 L/min

150 L/minCementSurface-65.80m

Bentonite
65.80-66.80m

Pressure gauge
Upper: 68.35m
Lower: 73.60m

Gravel66.80-79.00m

Screen73.60-73.60m

Cement79.00-86.00m
FO BHA
84.67mBentonite
86.00-87.16m
Bore TD87.16m4-1/2” CSG
87.16m¾ ῝ᗘ᪉ྥ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䜂䛪䜏ฟ⌧䛾䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䜔኱䛝䛥䛜␗䛺䜛䠄Brumby 4䛸䜋䜌୍⮴䠅
¾ ୍㒊䛾Ỉ䛜ᾐ㏱ᛶ䛾㧗䛔ᆅᒙ䛻ᾐධ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹Fault zone䜢㉸䛘䜛ᅽຊᖸ΅䛒䜚䠛
¾ 75 L/min䠄injection rate䠅䛷䛿䚸Brumby 4䛻ẚ䜉䛶䜂䛪䜏ฟ⌧䛜䛛䛺䜚㐜䛔51ᆙ஭䛸᩿ᒙ䛾✵㛫ⓗ㓄⨨ᅗ
3D view of Brumby wells at Otway site
CO2ᅽධヨ㦂ィ⏬䠖༠㆟୰᪤Ꮡᆙ஭䠖 Brumby 2CO2ᅽධチྍ⏦ㄳ୰᪤Ꮡᆙ஭䠖Brumby 1
䠄㏫VSPⓎ᣺䛻㌿⏝䠅

CO2ᅽධヨ㦂䠄Mar. 2024?䠅

᪂つᆙ஭䠖 Brumby 3
䠄Injection well, DTS/DAS/DSS䠅᪂つᆙ஭䠖 Brumby 4
䠄DTS/DAS/DSS Monitoring䠅2024ᖺᗘ௨㝆䚸₃ὤ䠄flux䠅ᐃ㔞ⓗホ౯ᩘ್䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䠄ᚲせ䛒䜜䜀䚸㏣ຍヨ㦂䜒䠅52

CCS஦ᴗ䛾䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝃䜲䝖㑅ᐃ䞉ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝẁ㝵䛷䝸䝇䜽䜰䝉䝇䠄䝸䝇䜽ྠᐃ䚸≉ᛶホ౯䠅

┘ど䛚䜘䜃ᩘ್䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁⤖ᯝ䜢ᇶ䛻䚸䝸䝇䜽ศᯒ䞉᳨ド䠄䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䐡䠅ᅽධ㛤ጞᚋ䛾┘ど䠄䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䐟䠅⟶⌮ྍ⬟䛺䝺䝧䝹䜎䛷䠄ಖ㝤➼䛷ᑐᛂྍ䠅┘ど⤖ᯝ䜢ά⏝䛧䚸ᩘ್䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䠄䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䐠䠅䝃䜲䝖㑅ᐃ䞉ᆅ㉁ホ౯ᅽධ୰ᅽධᚋ53ㅰ㎡䛣䛾ᡂᯝ䛿䚸ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲே᪂䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䞉⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ䠄NEDO䠅䛾ጤクᴗົ䛾⤖ᯝᚓ䜙䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛩䚹54