Results of the 18th Annual“Questionnaire on Environmental Problems and the Survival of Humankind”

REPORT

September 2009

Contents
Foreword......................................................................................................................................... 1
I. Facts about the 18th Annual “Questionnaire on Environmental ............................................. 2.
Problems and the Survival of Humankind”
II. Summary of Questionnaire Results.......................................................................................... 3
III. Questionnaire Results............................................................................................................... 6
A. Repeat Topics.................................................................................................................... 6		
1. Awareness of the Crisis Facing Human Survival........................................................ 6
			 1.1 The Environmental Doomsday Clock................................................................. 6
			 1.2 Environmental Conditions of Concern................................................................ 8
		
2. Progress Towards Agenda 21...................................................................................... 9
B. Main Focus of the Current Year's Questionnaire............................................................... 12
		
3. COP15 and the Post-2012 Framework...................................................................... 12
			 3.1 The Outlook for COP15.................................................................................... 12
			 3.2 The Breadth of Emissions Reduction by Developed Countries........................ 13
			 3.3 The Response of Developing Countries............................................................ 14
			 3.4 Sectoral Approach against Global Warming..................................................... 15
			 3.5 Response to the Sectoral Approach................................................................... 16
			 3.6 Expectations for the New U.S. Administration................................................. 17
			 3.7 The Effects of the Actions of the New U.S. Administration............................. 18
		
4. Strategies to Suppress CO2 Emissions...................................................................... 19		
5. Awareness and Actions Concerning the Prevention of Global Warming.................. 20
			 5.1 Awareness and Actions Towards the Prevention of Global Warming............... 20
			 5.2 Actual Endeavors Towards the Prevention of Global Warming........................ 21					
as an IndividualIV. 	Comments from Respondents................................................................................................ 25
V.  	Data........................................................................................................................................ 33
VI. 	Questionnaire as Distributed to Respondents......................................................................... 40

Foreword

This report summarizes the results of this year’s “Questionnaire on Environmental Problems and the Survival of
Humankind,” a survey conducted annually by the Asahi Glass Foundation since 1992.
Seventeen years have already passed since the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, and seven years since
the Johannesburg Summit. Meanwhile, the importance of tackling global environmental problems, particularly
global warming, has grown ever more urgent. To that end, following COP13 of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Bali, Indonesia in 2007 and the Major Economies Meeting on
Energy Security and Climate Change (MEM) at the Toyako Summit in Hokkaido, Japan last year, the COP15of the UNFCCC is scheduled to take place in Copenhagen in December this year. There, specific paths to curb
emissions of greenhouse gas will be discussed to determine an international framework beyond the Kyoto Protocol; the outcome of the conference should draw considerable attention.
In this year’s survey, the 18th, the questionnaire was designed to gauge the perceptions of environmental
experts from both governmental and private sector organizations around the world, about the progress of endeavors to solve various environmental problems and to highlight how those observations reflect regional characteristics. In addition to the issues addressed annually in the survey, including queries about the Environmental
Doomsday Clock and Agenda 21, the questionnaire this year casts light on issues currently drawing attention
including the outlook for COP15 and the post-2012 era, strategies to suppress carbon dioxide emissions, and theawareness and actions concerning the prevention of global warming.
Once again, the Foundation received thoughtful responses from countless environmentally conscious experts in the private and public sectors around the world. We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to themfor taking the time to respond to the survey. In addition, we would like to express our profound appreciation toProfessor Akio Morishima, Special Research Advisor of the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, forcontinuing to provide invaluable advice at all stages of the project, from the initial survey design to the analysisof the results.
In closing, we appeal to readers of this report for advice on how to enhance the survey so that it can bemade more comprehensive and relevant in the future.

				Asahi Glass Foundation
September 2009

I. Facts about the 18th Annual “Questionnaire on Environmental
Problems and the Survival of Humankind”
Response period: Questionnaires were sent out in April 2009 with a return deadline of June 2009.
Questionnaire respondent pool: Environmental experts selected from members of government organizations,academic and institutions, NGOs, and corporations (based on the Asahi Glass Foundation database).
Questionnaires mailed: 4,255
Questionnaires returned: 757
Response rate: 17.8%
Breakdown of respondents by region, gender, and occupational affiliation:
RegionNumber of responses
Percent of total
Developed Regions (Including Asian Four)		
496		
65.5
Japan		324		42.8United States & Canada		42		
5.5
Western Europe		
60		
7.9
Asian Four (South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore)70		
9.2
Developing Regions		196		
25.9
Rest of Asia (Excluding Japan, Asia Four)		122		16.1
Latin America		
46		
6.1
Africa		28		
3.7
Others		65		
8.6
Oceania		23		
3.0
Eastern Europe & former Soviet Union		
35		
4.6
Middle East		
7		
0.9(Overseas Total)		 (433)		 (57.2)
Total		 757		100.0

Gender					Male		
618		
81.6
Female		124		16.4
No response		15		
2.0
Total		757	100.0Occupational Affiliation						National government		
74		
9.8
Local government		
77		10.2
University or research institution		153		
20.2
Nongovernmental organization		193		
25.5
Corporation		132		17.4
Media		14		1.8Others		100		13.2
No response		14		1.8Total		757		100.0
Notes: * Unless otherwise noted, this report used the 757 responses as the basis for calculating percentages, which are rounded up fromthe first or second decimal place.
* In this report, “Asia” is all of Asia except Japan. Further, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore are classified as the“Asian Four (A4).” Other Asian countries are classified as the “Rest of Asia (RoA).”* Japan, United States & Canada, Western Europe, and the Asian Four are classified as “Developed region,” while the remainderof the Rest of Asia, Latin America, and Africa are classified as “Developing region,” and Oceania, Eastern Europe & former
Soviet Union, and Middle East are classified as “Others.”* Please note that where it is marked “Percentages are based on the total number of responses,” the number of responses refers to
the total number of responses to that question, not to the total number of respondents to the survey. In the diagrams, “N” represents
the number of valid responses.

II. Summary of Questionnaire Results
A. Repeat Topics
1. Awareness of the Crisis Facing Human Survival (Question 1)
The Environmental Doomsday Clock• The average time on the environmental doomsday clock for all respondents was 9:22. Although this represents an 11-minute reversal of the needle from last year, when the environmental doomsday clock had
advanced the furthest since the inception of the survey, the time this year nonetheless represents the third
highest sense of crisis among respondents.
• The average time for Japanese respondents retreated by 34 minutes from last year, to 9:08.
• The average time for overseas respondents advanced by 6 minutes from last year, to 9:32.
• In determining the time on the environmental doomsday clock, “global warming” was most frequently
cited as the main environmental condition of concern by respondents from both Japan and overseas, at
63% of total. This was followed by “water shortage, food problems,” and then, “deforestation, desertification, loss of biodiversity.”

2. Progress Toward Agenda 21 (Question 2)
As in previous years, the questionnaire surveyed respondents about the 10 categories of the action plan as
outlined in Agenda 21.
• In total, the category with the largest proportion of responses indicating progress was “promotion of environmental education.” “Lifestyle alteration,” which had the fewest responses indicating progress lastyear, rose slightly, to be approximately on par with “population and poverty problems.”• The categories in which more than 50% of respondents reported progress, by both respondents from Japanand overseas, remained the same as last year and consisted of “promotion of environmental education,”“activities by local governments and citizens’ groups,” “scientific and technological contributions,” “formation of recycling systems,” and “environmental measures by industry.”• With respect to “greenhouse gas prevention measures,” 33% of respondents last year indicated progress
while 43% stated progress had not been made. The responses reversed this year, with 37% indicating
progress in this area, surpassing the 34% who stated progress had not been made.

B. Main Focus of the Current Year’s Questionnaire
3. COP15 and the Post-2012 Framework (Question 3)
We queried respondents about COP15 and the post-2012 framework.
The Outlook for COP15• On the post-2012 framework, a majority of respondents overall selected “progress towards a substantial
reduction cannot be expected, but there will be an agreement among developed countries,” at 59%. On theother hand, 24% of respondents overall, primarily from developing regions, selected “it will be difficultfor developed countries to come to an agreement towards emissions reduction.”
The Breadth of Emissions Reduction by Developed Countries• While the responses to the breadth of emissions reduction showed a broad distribution curve, they tended
to cluster around “20%” and “30%” reductions.
The Response of Developing Countries• A majority of respondents, at 56%, selected “there should be a differentiation in the obligations between
high emitting major developing countries like China and India, and all other developing countries. Major
developing countries should bear the responsibility of maintaining emissions at around current levels,
whereas all other developing countries voluntarily establish their own goals.” This was followed by “alldeveloping countries should bear some amount of emissions reduction obligation” at 23%.
• While respondents from developed regions who selected “developed countries bear the responsibility forthe onset of global warming; thus, developing countries should not bear reduction obligations” was limited
to 1% (0.6% from Japan, 1.7% from Western Europe, and 4.3% from the United States & Canada), in contrast, 11% of respondents from developing regions and 8% from other regions made this selection.
Sectoral Approach against Global Warming• Sixty-eight percent of respondents from Japan selected “I am aware of this approach and understand its
contents.” In contrast, more than 80% of overseas respondents selected either “I have heard of this approach, but am not aware of its contents,” or “I have not heard of the approach.”
Response to the Sectoral Approach• Fifty-six percent of respondents from Japan and 60% from overseas stated that the sectoral approach was“worth considering.”• Both respondents from Japan and overseas tended to select “it is an effective approach and it should beapplied” at similar rates, at 28% and 25% respectively.
• Fifteen percent of respondents from Japan and 6% from overseas selected “it is not an effective approach.”
Expectations for the New U.S. Administration• Respondents indicated high expectations for the new U.S. administration, with 52% overall selecting “theUnited States will participate in the post-2012 framework to some degree,” followed by 25% who selected “the United States will aggressively participate in the post-2012 framework and assume a leadership position.” In contrast, only 4% of respondents overall selected “there will be no changes from thepast.”The Effects of the Actions of the New U.S. Administration• While both respondents from Japan and the Asian Four most frequently selected “there will be a significant effect on the participation of major developing countries like China and India in the post-2012 framework,” at 55% and 44% respectively, those who made this selection were limited to 27% in Western Europe and 21% in the United States & Canada.

4. Strategies to Suppress CO2 Emissions (Question 4)• Forty-three percent of respondents indicated that the most effective strategy to suppress CO2 emissions
would be to “dedicate efforts to shifting the energy supply to renewable sources, such as wind energy,
solar power, geothermal energy, and bio energy.” This was followed by “rather than focusing on the energy supply, dedicate efforts to improving energy efficiency and thus suppressing energy demand,” at34%.
• On the other hand, only 13% of respondents overall selected “dedicate efforts towards measures for absorbing and capturing carbon dioxide and thereby suppress its emission including planting, prevention of
deforestation and forest deterioration, carbon capture and storage.”

5. Awareness and Actions Concerning the Prevention of Global Warming (Question 5)
Awareness and Actions Towards the Prevention of Global Warming• Those who selected “I maintain some degree of awareness on a day-to-day basis, and some of my actions
support global warming prevention,” reached 59% of the responses. This was followed by “my day-to-day
actions are consistently based on an awareness of global warming prevention,” at 32%.
Actual Endeavors Towards the Prevention of Global Warming as an Individual
1) Switched Incandescent Lights to Fluorescent Lights in the Home
• Overall, 71% of respondents indicated they had already implemented the replacement of incandescentlights with fluorescent lights. When taking into account the respondents who stated they planned to implement this endeavor in the future, the response rate surpassed 87%.
• While 88% of respondents from the United States & Canada stated they had implemented this measure,the percentage from Japan remained at 70%.
2) Installed Solar Panels at the House or Other Equipment to Utilize Solar Power• Eleven percent of respondents selected they had already implemented this measure, while 41% selected“planned.”3) Replaced the Conventional Automobile(s) with Fuel Efficient Hybrid or Electric Vehicle(s)• Forty-four percent of respondents stated they planned to replace their vehicles in the future, whereas 10%
indicated they had already implemented this endeavor.
• Respondents in the United States & Canada who stated they had implemented this endeavor reached 26%,
whereas implementation in Japan lagged below half the rate, at 11%.
4) Reduced the Usage of Cars and Remain Careful to Take Public Transportation• A significant majority of respondents marked “implemented,” with the rate reaching 74%. An additional
12% indicated they planned to implement this endeavor in the future.
• The rate of implementation in Japan, China, and the Asian Four, where public transportation is often
highly developed, reached approximately 80%.
5) Implemented Measures to Increase Insulation of the Home
• Forty percent of respondents indicated they had already implemented the increased insulation of thehome, while 25% selected “planned.”• The percentage of respondents in Japan who selected “implemented” was lower than in the Middle East,
Eastern Europe & the former Soviet Union, Western Europe, and the United States & Canada by approximately 10% to 30%.
6) Replaced Older Refrigerators and Heating/Cooling Systems with Latest and High Efficiency Versions• Forty-two percent of respondents indicated they had already implemented the replacement of older refrigerators and heating/cooling systems, while 32% selected “planned.”• Of all regions, Japan had the lowest percentage of respondents selecting “implemented,” at 33%. On theother hand, it also had the highest percentage of respondents indicating they planned to implement thisendeavor in the future, at 39%.



III. Questionnaire Results
A. REPEAT TOPICS
1. AWARENESS OF THE CRISIS FACING HUMAN SURVIVAL (QUESTION 1)
1.1 The Environmental Doomsday Clock
To what extent do you feel that the current deterioration of the global environment has created a crisis that willaffect the continuance of the human race? Write a time within the range 0:01 to 12:00 corresponding to the extent
of your concern in the boxes below.
Concern about Human Survival Prospects
9:01 – 12:00
Extremely concerned

0:01 – 3:00
Barely concerned

12(-11 minutes)

2009

9

1996

(+84 min.)

12
9

2000

(-17 min.)

12
3

9

9

3:01 – 6:00
Slightly concerned

2004(+12 min.)12
3[N=746]6

6:01 – 9:00
Fairly concerned

1992



3

2006

(+9 min.)

12
3

9

2007

(+14 min.)

12
3

9

2008

(+2 min.)

12

12
3

9

3

9

3

6

6

6

6

6

6

6















[N=1,054][N=589][N=643][N=776][N=638][N=715][N=706]

Changes in average time
Changes in time from year to year
Number ofby region
respondents(2009)
		199920082009	1999 → 2009 2008 → 2009
Total

746

9:08

Japan

320

9:07

United States & Canada

42

9:03

Western Europe

58

8:46

Asia	189

9:47

Asian Four70＊

Latin America

46

＊
9:14

Rest of Asia	119
Africa27

9:13

Oceania
Eastern Europe &		former Soviet Union
Middle East

23

8:52

34

9:21	

7

9:32

Overseas Total

426

9:10

Male

612

9:01	

Female	122

9:35

490

＊

Developing Regions	192＊

Others＊Developed Regions64→ 9:33 → 9:22
→ 9:42 → 9:08
→	10:13 →	10:01	
→ 9:44 → 9:55
→ 8:52 → 9:04
→ 8:55 → 9:27
→ 8:50 → 8:51	
→ 9:49 → 9:28
→	10:31	 →	10:15→	10:34 →	10:10→→→ 9:37 →	10:00→ 9:24→ 9:42
9:26→ 9:32 → 9:32
→ 9:44 → 9:21	
→ 9:38 → 9:26
→ 9:16 → 9:21	
9:12→ 9:48 →	10:02
→
→

+14

-11

+1	

-34

+58

-12

+69

+11

-43

+12

＊

+32

＊
+14

+1	
-21	

+62

-16

+78

-24

+39

+23

+19

+18

+22

+6

+29

-11	

-9

-18

＊

-17

＊
＊

-4		
+14

• The average time on the environmental doomsday clock for all respondents was 9:22. This represents an 11minute reversal of the needle from last year, when respondents had reported the greatest advancement of theenvironmental doomsday clock since the inception of the survey.
• The average time for Japanese respondents retreated by 34 minutes from last year, to 9:08.
• The average time for overseas respondents advanced by 6 minutes from last year, to 9:32.
• Regionally, the average time advanced by 10 to 20 minutes from last year in Western Europe, Eastern Europe &the former Soviet Union, and Asia, where respondents marked 9:55, 10:00, and 9:04 respectively. On the other
hand, the remaining regions reported a reversal of more than 10 minutes across the board. In particular, theneedle retreated by 20 to 30 minutes in Japan, Latin America, and Oceania, where respondents marked 9:08,
9:28, and 10:10 respectively. The needle also retreated in the United States & Canada by 12 minutes from lastyear, to 10:01.
• In comparison to last year, the needle retreated in both developed and developing regions, by 17 and 4 minutes
respectively; on the other hand, the needle advanced by 14 minutes in other regions, representing a marked difference.
Changes in the Environmental Doomsday Clock1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total

7:49

8:19

8:47

8:49

9:13

9:04

9:05

9:08

8:56

9:08

9:05

9:15

9:08

9:05

9:17

9:31

9:33

9:22

Japan

7:38

7:33

8:01

8:08

8:51

8:42

9:01

9:07

8:56

9:04

9:18

9:20

9:06

9:07

9:15

9:34

9:42

9:08

Overseas

8:44

8:33

9:16

9:22

9:34

9:27

9:09

9:10

8:56

9:11

8:51

9:12

9:09

9:04

9:19

9:28

9:26

9:32

Overseas - Japan(min.)

66

60

75

74

43

45

8

3

0

7

-27

-8

3

-3

4

-6

-16

24

10:00
9:30

Extremely
concerned

9:00
Fairlyconcerned

8:30

Total
Japan
Overseas

8:00
7:30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Regional Times

Western Europe

9:55

Eastern Europe &former Soviet Union

United States& Canada

10:00

10:01

Middle East

9:42

Asia

Japan

9:04

9:08

(except Japan)

AfricaLatin America

10:15

Oceania

10:10



9:28

1.2 Environmental Conditions of Concern
When you selected the time, what were the main environmental conditions about which you were concerned?
Please select up to three (3) of the following items of concern.
Environmental Conditions of Concern in Determining the Doomsday Clock Time for 2009
ns

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Jap Un We As
Re La Af Oc Ea
M Ov De De Oth Tot

General environmental problems 30

21

22

20

20

17

25

22

37

14

22

27

20

29

25

Global warming 64

50

65

79

60

57

64

74

43

86

62

65

60

58

63

Air pollution, water contamination, 19
river/ocean pollution

38

28

36

61

39

25

48

37

29

42

24

51

40

32

Water shortage, food problems 53

50

33

54

47

37

46

35

34

57

44

51

44

37

48

40

42

61

47

59

50

30

37

14

47

47

50

32

46

24

30

17

30

30

7

17

37

29

26

18

27

29

21

7

15

10

7

11

14

9

23

14

11

17

9

17

15

Population, poverty, status of women 24

36

32

16

13

33

43

48

20

43

25

25

22

32

25

Others

3

12

15

1

5

2

7

4

6

0

6

5

5

5

5

No response

2

0

3

0

2

4

4

4

9

0

3

2

3

6

2

Deforestation, desertification, loss of 45
biodiversity
People’s lifestyles, waste-related
15
problems
Environmental problems and economics/ 20
trade-related activities(%)

Notes: Figures enclosed by a double circle represent the answer with the highest number of replies. A single circle is used for theanswer with the second highest number of replies. Please note that the totals for the various regions should add up to 300%
since respondents were asked to select three items. However, some respondents marked less than three items, causing theaggregate total to be less than 300%.

• In determining the time on the environmental doomsday clock, “global warming” was most frequently cited as
the main environmental condition of concern by respondents from both Japan and overseas. This was followedby “water shortage, food problems,” and “deforestation, desertification, loss of biodiversity” at approximately
the same level.
• While respondents from developed regions, developing regions, and other regions most frequently selected“global warming” as the main environmental condition of concern, the second condition varied by region. Respondents from developed regions selected “water shortage, food problems,” while developing regions selected“deforestation, desertification, loss of biodiversity,” and other regions selected “air pollution, water contamination, river/ocean pollution,” representing the same results as last year.

2. PROGRESS TOWARD AGENDA 21 (QUESTION 2)
Seventeen years have passed since Agenda 21 was adopted as an “action plan for the environment and development” at the Earth Summit in 1992. Please indicate the progress made in your country for the following 10 categories taken from the Agenda 21 action plan.
Comparison of Perceived Progress between 2004 and 2009
ion

a

ad

pe
uro
E
rn
d
ia
ste
ite
e
n
As
U
W
es

an

Jap

n
Ca

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&

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tU

r e
me ovi
for S
&
a
pe
tal
o
a
ric
st
i
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To
Ea
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m
s
ou of A
a
a
e
A
n
F
i
l
a
e
r
tin
ric cean aste
ers
idd
tal
ian Rest
La
Af
M
E
To
As
O
Ov

2009 →
[324]
[42]
[60]
[192]
[70]
[122]
[46]
[28]
[23]
[35]
[7]
2004 →
[324]
[68]
[90]
[139]
[65]
[74]
[40]
[44]
[32]
[57]
[9]

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓Promotion of environmen75 70 83 71 85 82 73 68 59 49 81 84 80 73 82 68 91 78 77 89 86 67
tal education
Scientific and technologi77 63 81 82 68 67 56 41 47 37 61 45 52 30 46 52 74 59 69 61 43 11
cal contributions
Activities by local govern67 66 76 84 83 78 55 68 43 63 62 73 74 63 50 61 83 94 51 68 71 56
ments and citizens’ groups
Formation of recycling
62 68 83 76 73 71 45 35 43 46 47 26 52 40 21 18 65 72 34 33 71 33
systems
Environmental measures
59 59 57 60 68 64 48 45 51 43 46 46 65 48 21 34 52 53 51 54 57 33
by industry
Greenhouse gas prevention
35 23 14 22 48 41 46 23 56 11 40 34 39 25 21 18 35 19 26 46 29 33
measures
Conservation of forest
17 15 40 38 50 57 44 42 43 28 45 55 52 40 54 52 57 56 31 44 29 11
resources
Conservation of
15 10 24 31 37 41 48 29 51 18 46 39 43 38 57 50 43 47 49 58 43 22
biodiversity
Population and poverty
8 8 12 21 18 23 63 27 50 12 70 41 28 25 29 36 17 19 17 21 29 22
problems
Lifestyle alteration 18 10 10 4 23 10 45 19 49 15 43 23 11 18 18 14 26 6 23 21 29 0

[433]

[757]
[479]
[803]
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

79 75

77 73 (%)

61 55

68 58

64 73

65 70

53 49

57 56

52 51

55 54

38 29

37 26

45 46

33 33

44 39

31 27

39 25

26 18

30 14

25 12

Note: Progress is calculated as the combined total of the “significant progress” and “some progress” categories.

As in previous years, we polled respondents about the progress they felt that had been achieved in 10 categories
taken from the Agenda 21 action plan. The results are listed in the chart in descending order, starting with categories with the greatest number of responses indicating “progress” (combining “significant progress” and “someprogress”).
• In total, the category with the largest proportion of responses indicating progress was “promotion of environmental education.” In contrast, the category with the least amount of responses indicating progress was “lifestylealteration” and “population and poverty problems.”• A smaller proportion of overseas respondents reported progress in “scientific and technological contributions,”“formation of recycling systems,” and “environmental measures by industry” than respondents in Japan. In
other areas, a larger proportion of overseas respondents reported progress than respondents in Japan; in “conservation of forest resources,” “conservation of biodiversity,” “population and poverty problems,” the discrepancy
reached approximately 30 points, whereas in “lifestyle alteration,” the discrepancy in reported progress was 12
points.

Progress toward Agenda 21—2008 and 2009
Signiﬁcant progressSome progress

020

Promotion of environmental 2009education 2008
Scientiﬁc and technological 2009
contributions 2008

62

10

1

9

2

59
60

6

49

26

28

Population and poverty 2009 4
problems 2008 4

6
8

32
29

24

4

17

34

2009 42008 3

3
4

18

30

24

2
2

18
15

45

5

5
5

2009 32008 1

12
13

48
46

Greenhouse gas prevention 2009 3
measures 2008 3

Lifestyle alteration

1
2

56

9
9

Conservation of biodiversity

11
11

55

2009
2008

Conservation of forest 2009
resources 2008

(%)

80

64

12

7
6

Environmental measures by 2009industry 200860

No progress

10

Activities by local governments 2009
and citizens groups 2008
Formation of recycling systems

40

13
13

Almost no progress

11
27
30

8

6

31

8
7

36

22

34

20

14
33

22

13

35

18

12

37

60

40

16

20

0 (%)

Progress is calculated as the combined total of the “significant progress” and “some progress.”
No progress is calculated as the combined total of the “Almost no progress” and “No progress.”• Similar to the previous year, the categories in which more than 50% of respondents reported progress consistedof “promotion of environmental education,” “scientific and technological contributions,” “activities by local
governments and citizens’ groups,” “formation of recycling systems,” and “environmental measures by industry.”• In the three categories of “conservation of biodiversity,” “population and poverty problems,” and “lifestyle alteration,” the percentage of respondents who indicated there had been no progress surpassed those who statedprogress had been made. While the responses indicating no progress fell slightly from last year for “lifestylealteration,” the percentage remained high, reaching nearly 50%.
• With respect to “greenhouse gas prevention measures,” 33% of respondents last year indicated progress while
43% stated progress had not been made. The responses reversed this year, with 37% indicating progress in thisarea, surpassing the 34% who stated progress had not been made.

10

Comparison of Differences between 2004 and 2009

Jap

r n
me nioforet Ue &ovielica
s & uropa
rop S ast
r
i
ota
e
r
t
u
s
e
T
u
a
E
E
E
t
A
m
s
Fo
A
le
ea
of
a
d S stern ia
nia stern
st
tal
tin
idd
ian
ers
ea
ite
ric
e
s
a
s
a
e
v
f
c
n
M
To
R
L
A
E
A
O
A
O
W
U

5

13

3

5

9

-3

8

14

13

-12

19

4

4

14

-1

2

15

10

17

22

-6

15

7

32

6

10

0

-8

6

-13

-20

-11

11

-11

-11

-17

16

-8

-5

-6

7

2

10

-3

21

12

3

-7

1

38

4

0

1

-3

4

3

8

0

18

-13

-1

-3

24

1

1

12

-8

7

23

45

6

14

3

16

-20

-5

10

10

2

2

-7

2

15

-10

12

1

0

-12

17

0

0

4

-7

-4

18

33

7

6

7

-3

-9

21

5

4

0

-9

-5

36

38

30

3

-8

-1

-4

6

14

8

8

5

13

25

33

20

-7

4

20

2

29

16

13

a

ad

n
Ca

an

Promotion of environmental education
Scientific and technologicalcontributions
Activities by local governments and citizens' groups
Formation of recycling
systems
Environmental measures byindustry
Greenhouse gas prevention
measures
Conservation of forest
resources
Conservation of
biodiversity
Population and poverty
problems
Lifestyle alteration(%)

Note: Differences are calculated to the first decimal place. Thus, the percentages may differ from those on the previous page which
are rounded to the nearest integer.

When comparing the responses this year to those from five years ago in 2004,• Overall, the proportion of respondents indicating progress in the three categories of “scientific and technologicalcontributions,” “greenhouse gas prevention measures,” and “lifestyle alteration” increased by 10 to 13 points.
• With the sole exception of “activities by local governments and citizens’ groups,” which saw an overall decline,
all categories either remained at the same level of perceived progress or saw an increase in comparison to 2004.
This was a favorable contrast to last year’s questionnaire results, when respondents reported a decline in the fivecategories of “conservation of forest resources,” “conservation of biodiversity,” “environmental measures byindustry,” “formation of recycling systems,” and “activities by local governments and citizens’ groups.”• By region, there was a significant increase in the proportion of respondents indicating progress in “populationand poverty problems” in Asia, at 36 points; however, the category saw a decline in many other regions. “Lifestyle alteration” also saw a large increase in Asia, at 25 points.
• The proportion respondents indicating progress in the “formation of recycling systems” increased in all regions
except Japan, Oceania, and the Asian Four.

11B. MAIN FOCUS OF THE CURRENT YEAR’S QUESTIONNAIRE
3. COP15 AND THE POST-2012 FRAMEWORK (QUESTION 3)
3.1 The Outlook for COP15
During the summit of major industrialized countries last year, delegates agreed to “achieve at least 50% reduction of global emission by 2050.” Further, the Bali Action Plan was reconfirmed at the COP14 meeting.
What type of agreement do you expect to result from the COP15 meeting this year? Please select one item fromthe following list that best reflects your opinion.
Outlook for COP15
0

20

40

Overall

60

59

12

Japan

70

E. Europe &former Soviet Union

2

63

Western Europe

60

Asian Four

57

Rest of Asia

51

U.S.A. & Canada

48

Latin America

41

Oceania39

Africa36

Middle East

14
0

11

9

3 2

24

4 1

17

3
7

29

20
26

26

3
0 6

25

17

2 2
7

30

26

4
14

43
60

2
2

30
43

40

24

23

13

29
20

100 (%)

80

4

4

14
80

100 (%)Developed countries will come to an agreement towards a substantial emissions reduction
with respect to the post-2012 framework.
Progress towards a substantial reduction cannot be expected, but there will be an agreement
among developed countries.
It will be diﬃcult for developed countries to come to an agreement towards emissions reduction.
Other
Unknown• On the post-2012 framework, a majority of respondents overall selected “progress towards a substantial reduction cannot be expected, but there will be an agreement among developed countries,” at 59%. On the other hand,
24% of respondents overall, primarily from developing regions, selected “it will be difficult for developed countries to come to an agreement towards emissions reduction.”• A large number of respondents from Japan selected “progress towards a substantial reduction cannot be expected, but there will be an agreement among developed countries,” at 70%, followed by Eastern Europe & theformer Soviet Union, and Western Europe, at 63% and 60% respectively. In contrast, 48% of respondents in the
United States & Canada made this selection.

12

3.2 The Breadth of Emissions Reduction by Developed Countries
COP15 will focus on achieving an agreement based on the Bali Action Plan.
What is the percentage at which you think emissions reduction by 2020 should be established for developed countries as a whole? Please select one item from the following list that best reflects your opinion.
Breadth of Emissions Reduction by Developed Countries
Under
10％

10％

20％

30％

40％

50％

Above
51％

unknown

Total

5

16

32

22

6

9

7

2

Japan

4

21

40

18

4

8

4

2

United States & Canada

0

14

24

26

5

10

19

2

Western Europe

0

8

32

32

12

10

5

2

Asian Four

6

9

29

23

4

16

11

3

Rest of Asia

6

16

29

20

6

11

10

2

Latin America

4

2

24

37

13

7

11

2

Africa

14

14

18

18

14

11

11

0

Oceania

4

9

22

43

9

4

9

0

Eastern Europe & former Soviet Union

14

23

26

17

9

6

6

0

Middle East

14

29

14

29

0

0

14

0

Overseas Total

6

12

27

26

8

10

10

2

Developed Regions

3

17

36

21

5

9

6

2

Developing Regions

7

12

26

24

9

10

10

2

Others

11

18

23

28

8

5

8

0

：Highest number of replies

Developed Regions 3

Developing Regions

17

7

Others

36

12

11

0

Under10％

24

18

23

20

40

10％

20％

：Second highest number of replies

21

26

5

16

9

2

20

28

30％

(%)

8

60

80

40％

50％+Above 51%2

12100 (%)

Unknown• While the responses to the breadth of emissions reduction showed a broad distribution curve, they tended tocluster around “20%” and “30%” reductions.
• Thirty-six percent of respondents from developed regions selected a “20%” reduction, followed by 26% of respondents from developing regions and 23% from other regions.
• Twenty-one percent of respondents from Japan selected a “10%” reduction, whereas 40% selected “20%.”.
• Thirty-two percent of respondents from Western Europe selected “20%,” with the same percentage selecting“30%.”• In the United States & Canada, 24% and 26% of respondents selected a “20%” and “30%” reduction respectively. In addition, another 19% selected “above 51%.”13

3.3 The Response of Developing Countries
In order to achieve the long-term stabilization scenario of containing atmospheric CO2 under 450 parts per million, it is understood that appropriate reduction efforts will be needed from developing nations in addition toemissions reduction by developed countries.
In your opinion, what is the desired agreement at COP15 with respect to the role of developing countries? Please
select one item from the following list that best reflects your opinion.
Response of Developing Countries
Total

56

Japan

22
65

Asian Four

18

56

51

23

51

19

Latin America

50

55

Africa43
43

Oceania

39

U.S.A. & Canada

38
0

17

11

4

29
22

60

2
9

11
14

3

11
13

4

45
40

2 3
6

16

35

20

1 4

17

28
32

12

13

23

14

4 2
15

26

Western Europe
E. Europe &former Soviet Union
Rest of Asia

Middle East

15

14

2
100 (%)

80

Diﬀerentiate obligations between high-emitting developing countries like China and India, andall other developing countries. Major developing countries should maintain current emission levels,
while others should set own goals.
All developing countries should bear some obligation
Both major developing countries and all other developing countries should suppress emissions
through voluntary goals
Developed countries are responsible for the onset of global warming; developing countries
should not bear reduction obligations
Unknown

Developed Regions

Developing Regions

Others

2%

2%

2%

1%

8%

11%

15%

22%

23%

60%

26%
18%

15%

49%

46%

• Overall, 56% of respondents selected “there should be a differentiation in the obligations between high emitting
major developing countries like China and India, and all other developing countries. Major developing countries
should bear the responsibility of maintaining emissions at around current levels, whereas all other developing
countries voluntarily establish their own goals.” This was followed by “all developing countries should bearsome amount of emissions reduction obligation” at 23%.
• Fifty-one percent of respondents from Rest of Asia, which includes China and India, selected “there should bea differentiation in the obligations between high emitting major developing countries like China and India, andall other developing countries. Major developing countries should maintain emissions at current levels, whereas
all other developing countries voluntarily establish their own goals.”• Whereas 18% of respondents in Japan selected “all developing countries should bear some amount of emissions reduction obligation,” a higher percentage of respondents in the United States & Canada made this selection, at 45%.
They were followed by respondents in Oceania, Africa, and Latin America, at 35% 32%, and 28% respectively.
• On the other hand, respondents from developed regions who selected “developed countries bear the responsibility
for the onset of global warming; thus, developing countries should not bear reduction obligations” was limited to
1%. In contrast, 11% of respondents from developing regions and 8% from other regions made this selection.
14

3.4 Sectoral Approach against Global Warming
Among the various methods to determine a country’s emissions volume, there is an approach proposed by Japan,
called the Sectoral Approach. Are you aware of this approach? Please select one item from the following list thatbest reflects your opinion.
Sectoral Approach against Global Warming
Total

38

32

Japan

29

68

U.S.A. & Canada

26

21

Western Europe

38

15

Asian Four

40

47
21

Rest of Asia

37
39

11

1

54

9

39

52

Africa

7

39

54

13

2

39

34

Latin America
Oceania
E. Europe &former Soviet Union
Middle East

1
6

26

1

61

29

43

14

29
86

0

20

40

60

80

100 (%)I am aware of this approach and understand it
I have heard of the approach, but am not aware of the contents
I have not heard of the approach
UnknownJapan

Overseas Total
1%

6%

16%
26%
46%
37%

68%

• While 68% of respondents from Japan selected “I am aware of this approach and understand its contents,” 16%of overseas respondents made the same selection.
• While 26% of respondents from Japan selected “I have heard of this approach, but am not aware of the contents,”
37% of overseas respondents made the same selection.
• There was a marked contrast in the number of respondents who selected “I have not heard of the approach” from Japanand those from overseas, at 6% and 46% respectively.

15

3.5 Response to the Sectoral Approach
Please answer this question if you selected 1. “I am aware of this approach and understand its contents” in theprevious question.What do you think of the sectoral approach? Please select one item from the following list thatbest reflects your opinion.
Response to the Sectoral ApproachJapan

Overseas Total

1%

6%

3%

6%

The approach is worth considering15%
It is an eﬀective approach and it should be applied

28%

56%

25%

It is not an eﬀective approach60%

I do not know
Unknown• Fifty-six percent of respondents from Japan and 60% from overseas stated that the sectoral approach was “worth
considering.”• Both respondents from Japan and overseas tended to select “it is an effective approach and it should be applied”
at similar rates, at 28% and 25% respectively.
• Fifteen percent of respondents from Japan and 6% from overseas selected “it is not an effective approach.”16

3.6 Expectations for the New U.S. Administration
With the inauguration of the new administration, it is hoped that the United States will adopt a more aggressive
stance in undertaking the problems of global warming.
What is your perspective on the actions of the United States in the days ahead? Please select one item from thefollowing list that best reflects your opinion.
Expectations for the New U.S. Administration

Total

52

U.S.A. & Canada

48

Japan

25

16
40

10

56

31

Oceania61

Africa61

Western Europe

22

23

43

Rest of Asia

29
0

4
3 3
9
22
3 3

43
29

40

4

11
30

14
14

20

20

19

37

13

24
16

46

2
2 21

18
22

24
50

Asian Four
E. Europe &former Soviet Union
Middle East

8

18

48

Latin America

4 11

60

6
14
80

14
100 (%)The U.S. will participate in the post-2012 framework to some degree
The U.S. will aggressively participate in the post-2012 framework and assume a leadership position
The U.S. will not immediately be an aggressive participant, but will promise to do so in the future
No changes from the past
Other
Unknown• Respondents indicated high expectations for the new U.S. administration, with 52% overall selecting “theUnited States will participate in the post-2012 framework to some degree,” followed by 25% who selected “theUnited States will aggressively participate in the post-2012 framework and assume a leadership position.”
The combined percentage of respondents from the United States & Canada and Japan who selected these items
reached 88%. The response was similar in Oceania and Africa, where approximately 80% of respondents making
one of these selections.
• In contrast, only 4% of respondents overall selected “there will be no changes from the past.”

17

3.7 The Effects of the Actions of the New U.S. Administration
What do you think will be the effects of the new U.S. administration if it were to participate in the post-2012
framework? Please select one item from the following list that best reflects your opinion.
Effects of the Actions of the New U.S. Administration

Total

32

39

Rest of Asia

52

Western Europe

50

Africa50

U.S.A. & Canada

43

Oceania43

Middle East
E. Europe &former Soviet Union
Japan

43

10

22

17

20

7
7

5
2
4

29

3

19
60

Mid-term goals incorporating aggressive reduction objectives
developed countries.
There will be a signiﬁcant eﬀect on the participation
and India in the post-2012 framework.

3 3

14

29
40

10
11

13

14

44
20

12

15

29

55

16

10

39
14

34

0

7

21

22

9

32

18

Asian Four

9

17

27

48

Latin America

17
19

6
7

80

2 1
4
100 (%)

will be agreed upon amongof major developing countries like China

U.S. participation will lay the ground for developing countries to accept some level of reduction
obligation.
There will not be much of an eﬀect.
Other
Unknown• Both respondents from Japan and the Asian Four most frequently selected “there will be a significant effect on
the participation of major developing countries like China and India in the post-2012 framework,” at 55% and
44% respectively• On the other hand, respondents from Western Europe and the United States & Canada most frequently selected“U.S. participation will lay the ground for developing countries to accept some level of reduction obligation,” at
50% and 48% respectively. Those who selected “there will be a significant effect on the participation of major
developing countries like China and India in the post-2012 framework” were limited to 27% in Western Europe
and 21% in the United States & Canada.
• In the Rest of Asia, “there will be a significant effect on the participation of major developing countries like China andIndia in the post-2012 framework” was limited to 19% of the responses.

18

4. STRATEGIES TO SUPPRESS CO2 EMISSIONS (QUESTION 4)
In order to contain the temperature rise within 2 degrees Celsius of current levels, it is necessary to lower theemissions of CO2 before 2020. It may be difficult to depend on nuclear power which takes 10 to 30 years fromplanning to operation to suppress CO2 emission considering the timeframe.
When considering these circumstances, what do you think would comprise an effective strategy to suppress CO2
emissions? Please select one item from the following list that best reflects your opinion.
Strategies to Suppress CO2 emission
Dedicate concerted efforts
to shift energy supply torenewables, such as wind,solar, geothermal, and bio
energyRather than focusing on theenergy supply, improve energy
efficiency and thus suppress
energy demand

Dedicate efforts to absorb
and capture CO2, thereby
suppress its emission,
including planting, preventionof deforestation and forest
deterioration, carbon captureand storage

Other

Unknown

Total

43

34

13

6

4

Oceania

57

35

0

9

0

Rest of Asia

48

25

22

2

2

Latin America

46

20

17

7

11

Japan

45

35

10

8

2

Africa

43

14

25

14

4

Middle East

26

55

19

0

0

Asian Four

34

49

6

1

10

United States & Canada

37

42

14

2

5

Western Europe

38

40

11

5

7

Eastern Europe &former Soviet Union

29

37

23

9

3

：Highest number of replies：Second highest number of replies• Overall, 43% of respondents selected “dedicate efforts to shifting the energy supply to renewable sources, suchas wind energy, solar power, geothermal energy, and bio energy,” followed by 34% who selected “rather thanfocusing on the energy supply, dedicate efforts to improving energy efficiency and thus suppressing energy demand.” On the other hand, only 13% of respondents overall selected “dedicate efforts towards measures forabsorbing and capturing carbon dioxide and thereby suppress its emission including planting, prevention of
deforestation and forest deterioration, carbon capture and storage.”• Respondents from Oceania, Latin America, Japan, Africa, and China most frequently selected “dedicate efforts
to shifting the energy supply to renewable sources, such as wind energy, solar power, geothermal energy, and bio
energy.” In Oceania in particular, respondents who made this selection reached 57%.
• Respondents in the Asian Four, the Middle East, Eastern Europe & former Soviet Union, Western Europe, andthe United States & Canada most frequently selected “rather than focusing on the energy supply, dedicate efforts
to improving energy efficiency and thus suppressing energy demand.”

19

(%)

5. AWARENESS AND ACTIONS CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF GLOBAL WARMING(QUESTION 5)
5.1 Awareness and Actions Towards the Prevention of Global Warming
Are your day-to-day actions and behavior based on an awareness of global warming prevention? Please select one
item that applies to your situation.
Awareness and Actions Towards the Prevention of Global Warming

Total

32

59

U.S.A. & Canada

45

Oceania43

Middle East

7
50

57

39

Western Europe
E. Europe &former Soviet Union
Japan

57

37
37

32

Asian Four

9

61

4 11

64

26

4

57

20
0

2 3
20

29

Rest of Asia

4

58

34

Africa22

57

43

Latin America

62
20

21

40

60

4

14

3

15

21

80

100 (%)My daily actions are consistently based on an awareness of global warming prevention
I maintain some awareness on a daily basis, and some actions support global warming prevention
My current actions do not reﬂect awareness, but I plan to be more aware and change some behavior
My daily actions do not reﬂect awareness and I have no plans to change my behavior
Unknown• Those who selected “my day-to-day actions are consistently based on an awareness of global warming prevention” comprised 32% of the responses overall. Regions with a high percentage of respondents making this selection were the United States & Canada at 45%, Oceania at 44%, the Middle East at 43%, and Latin America at
39%. In contrast, regions with lower percentages included the Rest of Asia at 21%, the Asian Four at 26%, Africa at 29%, and Japan at 32%.
• The most frequently cited response in all regions was “I maintain some degree of awareness on a day-to-day
basis, and some of my actions support global warming prevention,” with the selection comprising 59% of theoverall responses. Respondents who made this selection surpassed 50% in most regions around the world.

20

5.2 Actual Endeavors Towards the Prevention of Global Warming as an Individual
Which of the following actions have you implemented or do you plan to implement in the future from the standpointof an individual concerned with the prevention of global warming?
Actual Endeavors Towards the Prevention of Global Warming as an Individual

Reduced the usage of cars and remain careful
to take public transportation like buses and trains

74

Switched incandescent lights to
ﬂuorescent lights in the house

1271

Replaced older refrigerators and heating/cooling systems with high eﬃciency versions

42

Implemented measures to increase
insulation of the home40

Installed solar panels at the houseor other solar equipment

11

Replaced conventional car(s) with fueleﬃcient hybrid or electric vehicle(s)

10

16
32
25

41
44

0

20
Implemented

40

60
Planned100 (%)

80
Unknown

In aggregating the results,• More than 70% of respondents stated they had already implemented “reducing the usage of cars as much as
possible and taking public transportation like buses and trains” and “switching incandescent lights to fluorescentlights in the house.” When taking into account the respondents who planned to implement these endeavors in the
future, the response rate reached 85%.
• More than 40% of respondents stated they had already implemented the “replacement of older refrigerators andheating/cooling systems with latest and high efficiency versions” and the “increased insulation of the home.”
When taking into account the respondents who planned these endeavors in the future, the response rate reached
65 to 75%.
• On the other hand, respondents who had already implemented the “installation of solar panels or other equipment to utilize solar power” and “replaced the conventional automobile(s) with fuel efficient hybrid or electricvehicle(s)” were limited to 10%. However, taking into account those who planned these endeavors in the future
brought the response rate to more than 50%.

21

5.2.1 Switched Incandescent Lights to Fluorescent Lights in the Home

Total

71

16

U.S.A. & Canada

88

Middle East

86

Latin America

14

78

Rest of Asia

74

Western Europe

72

Africa

71

Japan

70

Asian Four
Oceania
E. Europe &former Soviet Union

5

17
16
13
21
15

69

17

52

26

51
0

31

20

40

Implemented

60

Planned80

100 (%)

Unknown• Overall, 71% of respondents indicated they had already implemented the replacement of incandescent lights
with fluorescent lights. In the United States & Canada, and the Middle East, the figures reached 88% and 86%
respectively.
• While 88% of respondents from the United States & Canada stated they had implemented this measure, thepercentage from Japan remained around the overall level, at 70%.
• Overall, 16% of respondents indicated they planned to implement this endeavor in the future.

5.2.2 Installed Solar Panels at the House or Other Equipment to Utilize Solar Power

Total

11

41

Oceania22

Rest of Asia

20

Western Europe

17

Middle East

14

Latin America

40
71

13

Japan

59

8

Africa7

Asian Four

6

U.S.A. & Canada
E. Europe &former Soviet Union

43
39

33
68
53

5

31

3

63

0

20
Implemented

40

60

Planned80

100 (%)

Unknown• Overall, 41% of respondents indicated they planned for solar equipment in the future, whereas 11% stated they
had already implemented this endeavor.
• In comparison to other regions, a relatively high percentage of respondents from Oceania and the Rest of Asia
indicated they had already implemented this measure, at approximately 20%. This was followed by Western
Europe at 17%, the Middle East at 14%, and Latin America at 13%. In contrast, only 8% of respondents fromJapan stated they had already implemented solar equipment. Even when taking into account those respondents
who selected “planned,” the response rate lagged at 41% in Japan, representing a lower level of motivation forsolar equipment there, along with the United States & Canada.
• In Latin America, Africa, Eastern Europe & the former Soviet Union, and the Middle East, 60 to 70% of respondents stated they planned for solar equipment in the future.

22

5.2.3 Replaced the Conventional Automobile(s) with Fuel Efficient Hybrid or Electric Vehicle(s)

Total

10

44

U.S.A. & Canada
E. Europe &former Soviet Union
Japan

11

Latin America

9

Oceania935

Rest of Asia

7

39

Western Europe

7

43

26

38

14

Asian Four

4

Africa

4

51
40
59

60
50

Middle East

86
0

20

40

Implemented60

100 (%)

80

PlannedUnknown• Overall, 44% of respondents stated they planned to replace their vehicles in the future, whereas 10% indicatedthey had already implemented this endeavor.
• Respondents in the United States & Canada stated they had implemented this endeavor at 26%, at more than
twice the rate of other regions.
• In Japan, a country at the forefront of hybrid vehicle technology development, respondents indicating they had
implemented this measure was limited to 11%. This represents a lower implementation level than Eastern Europe & the former Soviet Union, where the response rate for “implemented” was 14%.
• The percentage of respondents who indicated that they planned to replace their conventional vehicle(s) surpassed
35% in most regions. In particular, the response rates were high in the Middle East, Asian Four, and Latin
America, at 86%, 60%, and 59%, respectively.

5.2.4 Reduced the Usage of Cars and Remain Careful to Take Public Transportation

Total

74

12

Japan

81

Asian Four
E. Europe &former Soviet Union
Rest of Asia

79

8
17

74

14

72

Middle East71

Western Europe

70

Oceania70

U.S.A. & Canada

69

Latin America

12
29
12
13
7

50

Africa

24

43
0

20
Implemented

29
40

60

Planned80

100 (%)

Unknown• Of all of the queried measures, respondents most frequently cited the reduction of car usage as the endeavor they
had already implemented. Overall, 74% of respondents selected “implemented.”• The rate of implementation in Japan and other countries in Asia, where public transportation is often highly
developed, reached approximately 80%.

23

5.2.5 Implemented Measures to Increase Insulation of the Home

Total

40

25

Middle East
E. Europe &former Soviet Union
Western Europe

55

U.S.A. & Canada

55

71

29

60

Japan

42

Oceania

39

Asian Four

26
22
19
18
35

34

Latin America

4130

Africa25

Rest of Asia

25

26
32
33

0

20

40

Implemented60

100 (%)

80

PlannedUnknown• Overall, 40% of respondents indicated they had already implemented the increased insulation of the home. In
particular, the rates from the United States & Canada, Western Europe, Eastern Europe & the former Soviet
Union reached 55 to 60%, while more than 70% of respondents from the Middle East selected “implemented.”
Additionally, 25% of respondents overall stated they planned to implement this measure in the future.
• In comparison to the Middle East, Eastern Europe & the former Soviet Union, Western Europe, and the UnitedStates & Canada, the percentage of respondents in Japan who selected “implemented” was lower by approximately 10 to 30%.

5.2.6 Replaced Older Refrigerators and Heating/Cooling Systems with Latest and High Efficiency Versions

Total

42

32

Middle East
E. Europe &former Soviet Union
Oceania

86

14

66

23

65

Latin America

13

54

U.S.A. & Canada

52

Africa50

Western Europe

24
29
25

47

Asian Four

25

41

Rest of Asia

34

41

Japan

31

33
0

39
20

Implemented

40

60

Planned80

100 (%)

Unknown• In all regions except for Japan, a high percentage of respondents indicated that they had implemented the replacement of older refrigerators and heating/cooling systems. In particular, the response rate was 86% in the
Middle East, followed by 66% in Eastern Europe & the former Soviet Union and 54% in Latin America. While
Japan had the highest percentage of respondents who indicated that they planned to implement this endeavor in
the future, at 39%, it also had the lowest percentage of implementation of all regions, at 33%.

24

IV. Comments from Respondents
This year’s questionnaire elicited a total of 279 comments, including 145 from 54 countries outside Japan and 134
from Japan. The respondents kindly commented on the state of environmental problems in various regions worldwide and thought of policies and ideas for alleviating environmental problems. Some comments also containedsuggestions and requests for future survey questions, which we will gratefully take into consideration in designing
the next questionnaire. Owing to space considerations, we are only able to list a portion of the comments, including 47 representing 27 countries and 34 from Japan. The name, title, organization, country and processing numberof the respondent are included with the comment. Comments from respondents requesting anonymity are marked
with an M or F to denote male or female.

Comments from overseas
The threat of global warming is serious and close but still is not understood well by people or taken seriously bygovernments. A dedicated and great effort is needed by NGOs and concerned people and institutes.
Hamid Taravati, Managing Director, Taravat Bahar Institute, Iran, 136

Global warming now is the single-most threat to the survival of the human race. If we do not act collectively now,
we may not have a next day to act!
Dr. V.K. Banakar, Scientist, National Institute of Oceanography, India, 258

What I am missing most from thinking relating to climate change is TRUST IN NATURE, in its self-recovering
capacity. That is more efficient as any that humans can do. The best that humankind would be capable of is helping
nature to self-recover with well-engineered concerned actions, e.g. large-scale reforestation, wetland reconstruction, stop soil degradation, restoring natural ecosystems and ecosystem services, et cetera.
Vilmos Kiszel, President, Göncöl Foundation, Hungary, 210

There needs to be more attention paid to the growth of vulnerabilities to the tropical storms as a consequence ofclimate change.
Roberto Rodríguez Rojas, Regional Coordinator,
Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo, El Salvador, 164

Biofuel can to some extent contribute to solve the energy problem and can contribute to climate change prevention.
However, there is a risk that the production of biofuel creates conflicts with biodiversity conservation (cutting
down rainforests to replace them with biomass-producing crops) or with food security (getting better prices formaize used for biofuel, increased food prices especially affecting the poor populations). Every effort must be madeto prevent this.
Robert Zwahlen, Senior Environment and Social Development Specialist,
Pöyry Energy Ltd., Switzerland, 001

Saving energy is the most effective and timely strategy to reduce climate change. It’s up to the governments to set
the right incentives for citizens to use energy efficient technologies and to change own behavior.
Dr. Thomas Jostmann, Senior Vice President, Evonik Degussa GmbH, Germany, 027

Converting sugarcane bagasse to biochar is potentially a very effective method of locking up large volumes of CO2
and the biochar can be used to increase soil fertility in tropical soils.
M, CABI, Trinidad, 156

I think it is a mistake to ban specific lighting technologies when there is no perfect substitute. If we focus on clean
generation of electricity, then conservation becomes of secondary importance. Personally, I pay extra for 100%
renewable generation and I think it is my own business how I use this energy as I do not contribute to elevated CO2
because of my choice of power sources. Fluorescent bulbs have their own environmental problems, e.g. mercury
contamination which requires long distance transport for specialized disposal. I doubt if they save much energy ina full life cycle analysis for their application in Canberra.
Dr. Bradford Sherman, Senior Research Scientist/Research Group Leader,
CSIRO Land and Water, Australia, 180

Many in Ghana, including me, would like to go for domestic solar power generators, but are constrained by prohibitive cost of installing solar panels.
Ketiboa K. Blay, Executive Chairman, Centre for Social and Community Advancement, Ghana, 203

25

The most serious problem is ever-increasing population and an economic system that requires that increase tofunction as it does.
Dr. Herbert Bormann, United States, 064

DNA studies indicate that H. sapiens evolved from a single family group of proto-anthropoids. As indicated in The
Linnean 23 (2) 28-36, the greatest threat to human survival is the recent enormous increase in the world population.
This has engendered rapid climate change, of which many threatening facets are surveyed in the Asahi GlassFoundation Questionnaire. The human population of the world will, I believe, become extinct as a result of foodshortage and viral diseases. All attempts over the last 40 years to control population increase have ended in failure.
It is now too late to escape the inevitable consequences of this failure.
Professor John Leonard Coudsley-Thompson, Professor of Zoology (Emeritus),
University of London, England, 074

Much more attention should be paid on relationships between biodiversity loss and climate change.
M, Metsähallitus, Finland, 003

While I understand the interest in global warming, that is by no means the only issue that should be surveyed andsome, including me, would argue that it is not even the most important. This is not because of its impact but it islikely only partially the result of human activity and therefore there is less that we can do about it than some otherissues. For me the most critical issues are loss of habitat and pollution levels that are affecting immune systems
and disease transmission in natural ecosystems. If we cannot maintain our natural biodiversity, including appropriate levels of pollinators, then global warming or not, the human race will probably vanish.
F, University of Ottawa, Canada, 018

Climate change mitigation measures related to land use and forests should be designed in a way that assures theconservation of biodiversity—preserve primary forests and wetlands.
Friedrich Wulf, International Coordinator, Pro Natural, FOE Switzerland, Switzerland, 123

Pollution—of the air, the sea, rivers, our bodies—is an obvious consequence of unsustainable population growthand misuse of resources. The present unacceptable levels of nonrenewable energy consumption reflect a laissezfaire attitude towards changing one’s lifestyles. We cannot afford to pursue a piecemeal, apologist approach to theappalling state of our environment. Apathy and negligence result in planetary destruction. The time for action isnow, not in 2020 or 2050, otherwise by then we will have passed midnight.
David Black, Trustee, Oxleas Wood Challenge Fund Trust, United Kingdom, 202

Stopping deforestation in areas of grazing and soya production is much more important than costly efforts at reforestation of grazing lands.
Robert K. Walker, Founding Member, Ágere Cooperação em Advocacy, Brazil, 028

Air, water, soil and noise pollution becomes increasingly serious along with industrial development. As a result,the urgency to protect the environment is turning into a global issue faced by human beings. As an important protection tool for the environment, there should be more emphasis on forests. Compared to other methods of environmental protection, forestation has its unique advantages. Thus, it should be a common obligation for all countries throughout the world to speed up forestation in order to protect the homeland of humanity ourselves.
Zhengdao Jin, Office Director,
China Institute of Sand Treatment and Sand Industry, China, C002

Public education and awareness programs directed at all levels of societies, from primary schools to the top echelons of policy makers must be intensified, to ground more aggressive action to reverse the negative impacts ofenvironmental degradation.
Milton Haughton, Deputy Executive Director,
Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism Secretariat, Belize, 143

Reforestation will occur throughout the country through environmental education at a national level.
Waldo Tapia Contreras, Coordinator, Asociación Cubana Técnicos Agrícolas y Forestales, Cuba, 283

Sustainable lifestyles, simplicity and green jobs are the only remedies for the current global environment andeconomic crises.
M, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka, 200

The most important thing is that humans should change their lifestyles and values for the environment. Reinforcing education and promoting green living could fulfill this.
M Institute of Transportation and Communication Taiwan, 001
26

As global environmental problems are much more of a social problem, it is very important to start the change fromthe way people live, rather than just focusing on technology. An over-emphasis on technology may mislead the
public and result in citizens feeling released from the responsibility that should be incurred by every individual.
Constraining people’s behavior would be more important than counting on the development of science and technology.
M, Tsinghua University, China, C022

A key step to change consumer behavior is to make the most environmentally positive alternatives economicallycompetitive. Governments must use their purchasing power and ability to regulate to make this happen. When theprice of greener alternatives is better than the others, the demand will change. This way, we don’t need to change
anyone’s environmental beliefs, only their behavior.
Dr. Edward W. Manning, President, Tourisk Inc., Canada, 048

We need a global tax system where costs of sustainable products are being made cheaper.
Willem Ferwerda, Director, IUCN Netherlands, The Netherlands, 105

I feel government initiatives are more important than individual gestures.
Alan Massam, Chair, Environment Communications, United Kingdom, 282

The recent policy statement by U.S. President Barack Obama to motor vehicle manufacturers to make vehicles ofhigher energy efficiency (to reduce gas demand and supply) is a positive step forward in reducing gas emissions,when implemented. If political leaders in other developed countries can adopt such a move, the gas emissions
problem could be effectively tackled in the post-2012 framework.
Michael E. Sizomu-Kagolo, National Forestry Authority, Uganda, 257

There is an absence of permanent information to come to the popular masses. There needs to be sustained governmental programs with serious scientific backing. The former cannot achieve progress if national, regional, andlocal governments don’t encourage it through education, eradication of poverty, responsible family planning,norms of using and occupying land while avoiding settling of homes in unfit zones, which result in danger to its
inhabitants and poor use of environmental resources.
Maria Cristina Bo, Argentina, 031

I believe and hope that the current world economic crisis will prove to be a blessing in disguise for the future of
mankind and our planet. It will slow down growth, cause us to reexamine our priorities and values and put more
attention on environmentally friendly ways of living.
Paul M. Koch, P.Eng, Canada, 021

The reduced consumption arising from the current economic crisis is a great help in bringing down carbon emissions. May it also show people in the rich countries that one can live without a lot.
Lothar Luken, Ireland, 041

Developed countries must pay for global environmental deterioration for the reason that they developed earlier andproduced pollution in the course of their development. Although they solved the pollution problem of their own,
it shouldn’t be forgotten that this is based on the global division that developed countries have transferred thosehigh-polluting industries to the developing countries, which made the latter produce their goods and left the pollution locally. This is not fair at all. Therefore, they have an obligation to help developing countries to face theproblems of pollution!
Qingbao Zheng, Director of Department of Members and Communications,
All-China Environment Federation, China,C024

To be short, I would just like to underline the issues of resource use and distribution of wealth here between on the
one hand, developed countries and a few emerging powers including China and India, vis-à-vis other developing
countries. I am fairly concerned that the current situation, e.g. in Africa or Asia is not only environmentally detrimental, but also socially very unfair and will create new problems to be solved by the world community, e.g.,accommodating refugees from areas affected by civil wars. Approaches to change this have filled books but need
implementation in the next 20 years as problems are felt already in developed countries, e.g. asylum seekers, migration effects, et cetera.
Gerhard Stimmeder, Desk Officer, Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry, Environment, and Water Management, Austria, 132

People in developing countries are much more vulnerable to the effects of environmental degradation because theyoften directly depend on the land.
M, G.B. Pant Institue of Himalayan Environment and Development, India, 20427

Developed countries should help developing countries to be developed this time in an environmentally friendly
way.
John Tiyang Acha, Chief, International Association for the Protection of Environment, Cameroon, 277

Developed countries should institute structural and functional changes in their systems of life and development
models. One cannot continue to believe infinitely in myths; they must realize that the land has finite resources.
Edgar Selvin Peréz, Director, Oficina Tecnica de Biodiversidad, Guatemala, 256

Environmental protection must be a global political issue. No separate effort is sufficient enough unless it is backed
by decisions/actions at a global level.
Bilyana Ivanova, State Expert Ministry of Environment and Water, Bulgaria, 182

1. Encourage various emissions reduction measures and energy conservation, as well as smaller scale long-term
projects rather than be concerned with larger projects only.
2. Support the civic power in environmentally sensitive areas, empower them to protect the local environment fromdeterioration.
3. Encourage more individuals and organizations to participate in the task of energy conservation, emissions reduction, and environmental protection.
4. Developed countries should pay more attention to the environmental changes in developing countries as to avoid
North-South imbalance in environmental issues.
Jierong Han, CIO, Gansu China Biological Energy System Co.,Ltd, China, C031

In my view, the environment is one, not a series of disconnected “issues.” Global population pressure and consumption patterns in both poor and rich countries continue to place too much strain on natural resources. It is notmuch use if you only concentrate on avoiding climate change and then find that your food supply disappears.
Ecological imbalance in intense monocultures can easily open up for new plant diseases and in many countries
such as the U.S., the groundwater supplies give out. Or if public health deteriorates because of chemical pollution.
A proper strategy has to provide positive aims and alternatives, not just lists of dangers and what not to do.
M, Ministry of the Environment, Norway, 036

Different sectors such as government, local government, private sectors, NGOs, and individual families shouldincorporate and integrate disaster management and environment (climate change) component into their generalplanning, from country strategies to the household.
Ajith Tennakoon, Regional Director, Sewalanka Foundation, Sri Lanka, 053

I think the need for reforestation and other measures to increase carbon sinks has been neglected. Also the global
recession of such major proportions should take front stage at COP15 and elsewhere. The nuclear proliferation
threat is also imminent and serious.
Dr. David Pitt, Switzerland, 067

Unfortunately, the environment seems to have taken “backstage” in this past year in relation to the other economic challenges that the world is facing. It is unfortunate because a better, safer, and more resilient environmentis the only way out of all of the seemingly more important challenges. In agriculture, the cost of agrochemical
inputs is rising and leading to high food prices, but the recycling of the nutrients in nature is likely to decrease
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and result in cheaper, safer, and healthier food. Similarly, the use of biologicaland physical pest control methods will have the same effect on our food supply. Therefore, there seems to be aneed to refocus our energies on the environment as the major solution to economic woes. Take care of the environment and it will take care of you.
Leslie Simpson, Jamaica Representative,
Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Jamaica, 247

We need to change our cultural patterns. We are manipulated to move towards consumers patterns by industry. We
need to change our relationship with the available resources.
F, Urban Land Institute, Uruguay, 030

I think that the public opinion starts to be conscious but keeps skeptical at the real interest and actions of governments. There are too many institutional barriers that present significant changes to occur.
Andrea Zomasa Signoret, Sustainability Manager, Industrias Peñoles SAB de CV, Mexico, 201

Every little does not help. It makes no difference. More drastic measures are required.
Bernard Fisher, Principal Air Quality Scientist, Environment Agency, United Kingdom, 047

28

The automobile is a serious problem. But the underlying aspect that is so bad environmentally is that cars, despite
being used exclusively on shared-access rights-of-way, are privately owned. This means that there are too many ofthem, with few used more than 5% of the time, and too many of them on the roads at the same time, resulting incongestion and extra emissions via idling. OPOCO (one-person, one-car orientation) means that individuals haveto “take” this particular car everywhere in order to have constant access to one; the high fixed costs ensure it isused even when it is not optimal to do so; access is closer than bus service; and as much land is devoted to parkingcars as to “parking” people. And many people in society have second-class access to transportation because ofincome, ability, or age (and now developing countries are embracing OPOCO as “progress”). Consider “MASC,”or metered access to shared cars, by combining carsharing, ridesharing, taxies, and car-rentals with newer technologies to make all cars accessible to all people, whose uses (in terms of seat-kms) are tracke by proximity cards
and bookings via cell phones.
Chris Bradsaw, Principal, Bradshaw Communi-Ties, Canada, 211

We have to worry about the energy that drives progress, but we cannot ignore the energy that drives all humans,“the energy of food.” If you accept or not, mankind now has to change their lifestyle, if we want to, continue livingon planet Earth.
Ricardo Rocha de Sousa, Environmental Front, Divinópolis, Brazil, 271

For the lives of human beings, only one Earth exists, thus every single person ought to realize our own responsibility to protect the environment. We should make our Earth well-protected by cultivating a good habit and promoting
a better culture towards the environment. Protecting the environment should start with the education of young
children and involve all people over the world.
Zhibiao Zhang, Counseling Director, Green Xiaoxiang(Human Association for Environment Protection) China,C013

Changing people's ways of life is the most practical approach, and developed countries should play a leading rolein emissions reduction. The United States, as the highest per capita energy consumption country, should firstcarry it out. Developing countries should also consider how to find a more suitable way of development for theirown, rather than act as the United States does. It is more feasible to learn from the ancient wisdom of human beings to keep a harmonious relationship with nature. Pursuing ever-increasing desires in an effort to develop economically is a type of self-destruction. We mankind ought to curb our desires to reduce waste and consumption ofmaterial and energy, and to provide various types of species with certain living space. Curbing desires has beenemphasized in detail in Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. Thus, a return to religions need to be encouraged, instead of the one-sided encouragement of economic means of the pursuit of happiness. Wealth is only one kind of
distribution means fabricated by human beings, and it is not the same as happiness. The ultimate solution to reducethe infinite expansion of desires is through religion.
Meishan Guo, Research Fellow, Li Ze Zhong He Research Institute, China, C026

Comments from Japan
I would like to see environmental problems approached not only through the perspective of greenhouse gases, butalso from the standpoint of how to effectively use limited natural resources. The picture changes depending on
how one frames environmental problems, the problem of the survival of mankind, and the timeframe throughwhich to evaluate the problems: by 100-year units, by a million to 100 million years, or by framing the history of
mankind within 4.6 billion years.
Takeshi Takashiro, CSR Environmental Management, Hitachi Chemical Co. Ltd., Japan, 001

Environmental problems are not limited to global warming and greenhouse gases. We cannot forget that poverty,
discrimination, tribal conflict, and numerous other factors are associated with environmental problems, and that it
is important to continue to take multidimensional approaches, considering the use of scientific technology, political and diplomatic efforts, and others.
M, Central Glass Co. Ltd., Japan, 006

Similar to what the European Union did, we must paint a clear picture of the direction towards which the country
should progress, combining the environment and welfare, and establish incentives through tax policies and legal
regulations to encourage individual and corporate behavior. The awareness of each individual citizen is essential
to the fruition of such a society.
M, IBM Japan, Japan, 013

Global warming is not the only global environmental problem. There are too many problems with theories aboutcarbon dioxide. We should go back to the basics and rethink the issues regarding the preservation of biodiversity,
the protection of forests, energy conservation, and pollution prevention.
M, The Chunichi Shimbun, Japan, 02829

As long as these severe economic conditions continue, we cannot necessarily expect the United States, and China
and India to commit to significant emissions reduction and suppression. Under such circumstances, it will not be
possible to gain support from citizens and industry for unfair reduction obligations. So rather than aiming for too
high of a standard, it may be more realistic to think about a formula that allows the major countries including theUnited States, China, and India to take one or two steps forward. On the other hand, although investments in energy conservation and the implementation of new energies cannot on their own turn the economy around, they aremeaningful targets for the government to support and will provide important opportunities to move societal systems. If each country proceeds with such measures, perhaps it will lead towards a consensus that is more conducive
to producing an agreement on global warming prevention.
Setsuo Iuchi, Director, Trade Policy Division, Trade Policy Bureau,
Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, Japan, 042

I believe that a lifestyle that eliminates waste, in which people learn the importance of objects and embrace recycling and reuse, will lead to kindness towards nature and people. If these values become the societal norm, theenvironment will also improve naturally. Economic development will follow sound technological development.
Minoru Yoneda, Director, Environmental Operations, Asa Corporation, Japan, 045

There are serious scientific problems in the passionate discourse about global warming seen recently. In particular,
the way the subject is handled in the Japanese press is very reminiscent of the pre-World War II cry, “We will not
ask until victory comes,” and seems like a similarly dogmatic campaign.
M, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, Japan, 067

I hope that the recent global economic downturn becomes a springboard that catalyzes a paradigm shift, which inturn progresses global warming countermeasures.
Katsunori Suzuki, Professor, Frontier Science Organization, Kanazawa University, Japan, 100

In reducing carbon dioxide emissions, I think it would be meaningful to establish reduction targets that take into
account the economic strength of each country (develop and incorporate an economic coefficient) into the equation.
M, Honda Foundation, Japan, 125

It is time to move away from the thinking that equates the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as the only measure towards global warming prevention. While the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is important, so aremany other factors. These include the scientific study and establishment of proof of the changes in the naturalenvironment on Earth, including the changes occurring to forests and other mechanisms which possess the ability
to mitigate the climate, and the promotion of other research. In addition, we must establish a way in which changes on the planet can be forecast, so that mankind can sustain a lifestyle that conserves energy and resources while
maintaining a certain quality of life.
Michiko Imai, President, Le Verseau Inc., Japan, 132

In order to undertake this problem, there must be a significant paradigm shift towards energy conservation and a
low carbon society. Asking people to restrain and stretch themselves is not sustainable. Setting objectives too highand introducing a lot of regulations will demoralize people. It is essential for “corporate” industries to improveand innovate technology for energy conservation and carbon reduction, and for citizens to support, applaud, andcooperate with these endeavors.
Teruaki Masumoto, Consultant, Tokyo Electric Power Company, Japan, 134

A large proportion of energy and resource use falls within the household category. There needs to be incentives toencourage people to transform lifestyles.
M, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, Japan, 136

Changing lifestyles culturally should be given priority than raising energy efficiency through technological advances.
M, Doshisha University, Japan, 138

There is something I was once again made aware of in building my house. It is the fact that setting up solar powersystems, for example, requires money. It is a reality that if I had such money to invest, I would want to allocate it
to other uses. Updating household electronics is not an easy task either. Unless the government implements a boldstrategy, it will remain difficult for citizens to act. The world reacted favorably to the analysis of the IPCC. If weare to accept this as the premise, governments around the world must implement policies towards global warming
prevention beyond what they say on papers.
Yasuyoshi Tanaka, Deputy Director, Science and Environment Division, Mainichi Shimbun, Japan, 145

While it is important to have ample environmental education, the school curricula do tend to emphasize negative30

thinking. So another important task is to determine how we can give the youth hope for the future. I believe weshould reevaluate the elementary and middle school curricula and their contents.
M, Societal Systems Research Forum, Japan, 147

There is too much fuss around global warming specifically. We must look not only at global warming and carbon
dioxide emissions, but also review and reevaluate endeavors to protect the global environment in its totality, including reviewing the mass consumption society, waste reduction, and protecting nature.
Yumi Nakayama, Staff Writer, Science News Section, Asahi Shimbun, Japan, 152

Extreme urbanization and development have progressed as if we have forgotten that humans are but one memberof the planet’s organisms. This combined with our lifestyle which distances us from nature seems to be affecting
the balanced mental and physical growth of children.
F, Mainichi Shimbun, Japan, 175

When I found out about the disappearance of bees, I felt that we have entered a truly dangerous era. I believe thatthe loss of biodiversity will be felt more like a body blow. I hope that the government will begin thinking about
these problems in earnest; companies will not enact changes unless they are required by law.
Akihito Yoneda, EMC Director, BM Division, PM Service Operations, NTT Urban Development Builservice Co., Japan, 187

There has been a proliferation of greenwashing, in other words, products and services that appear ecological on
the surface but are not in substance. This is happening not only on products, but with governmental policies as
well; it is important to keep on eye and to carefully decide which really are useful for the conservation of the
global environment. It is a shame that there isn’t a reliable organization that is fully capable to take on this monitoring role.
M, Yomiuri Shimbun, Japan, 188

I would like to see the planting of trees and forests promoted on a global scale, including the creation of forests inurban areas and the greening of deserts. I would also like for there to be more attention paid to the cultivation of
the forests of the ocean, sea algae.
Shigeo Onda, Global Environment Office, Mainichi Shimbun, Japan, 191

The reduction of highway tolls (applicable to passenger cars, capped at 1,000 yen on weekends and holidays) isclearly a policy that is counter to global warming prevention. Even the labeling system identifying the most energy conserving household appliances, though seeming at first glance to help global warming prevention, cannot
be said to contribute to the reduction of energy consumption as they are becoming bigger and bigger. If environmental strategies are morphing to serve the purposes of economic strategies (economic recovery, recession strategies), I cannot imagine how they will lead to the prevention of global warming.
Satoshi Fujioka, Department of Environment, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Government of Osaka Prefecture, Japan,
197

I think it is an extremely welcome development that environmental problems are taught comprehensively within
the curricula of the compulsory education system. Education will continue to comprise a large proportion in cultivating the awareness of each individual person, and I believe continued efforts are necessary in this arena.
Kazuyoshi Yogozawa, Editor-in-Chief, Climb Corporation, Japan, 199

The government should clearly present a “grand design,” an ambitious picture of where we should be in 2020, in
2050, and urgently begin to work towards widely garnering the understanding and cooperation of citizens.
Takamasa Higuchi, Director General, World Widelife Fund, Japan, 205

Global perspectives and endeavors are indispensable in global warming prevention. It is indispensable to set the
reduction target and create a system so that major emissions-producing countries, such as the United States andChina could participate and contribute to global emissions reduction. Japan must contribute by urging America toincrease these efforts. It must help to change the awareness of American citizens and generate understanding that
there is indeed a need to share international responsibility, by reaching out to its U.S. counterparts, friends, andacquaintances at every level, including government, bureaucracy, industry, citizenry, and the press.
Tsutomu Yamaguchi, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Examination Center for Electrical Engineers, Japan, 214

I think that everyone is beginning to realize that there is something “odd” about the climate conditions of recent
years. But it seems as though the general public is still limiting their view of global warming to somewhat of an“exercise” within environmental education. But I think that education becomes meaningful only when it leads to(or is led to) implementation and action. Japan, a country that is dependent on foreign countries for energy andfood, perhaps lacks efforts in both explaining and understanding the intricate connections between global warming
and economic, food, and population problems that affect the world, which in turn includes Japan.
Shuichi Takanashi, Atmospheric Protection Division, Environmental Life Department, Government of Chiba Prefecture,
Japan, 216
31

Plant trees, and trap and fix carbon dioxide in the forests.
Akira Miyawaki, Director, IGES – Japanese Center for International Studies in Ecology, Japan, 242

While those of us currently “present” are concerned about environmental problems, we continue to benefit fromthe planet. We must give consideration in earnest to the circumstances resulting from environmental changes (deterioration) that will be a reality for the youth of the “future.” I hope that we will not leave the youth indebted, andliving on a thin layer of ice.
Michiyoshi Furuichi, Office of the President,
The Japan Atomic Power Company, Japan, 246

Many products have appeared on the market since the start of the global economic downturn last year that claimes
to complement environmental measures. But these products, as well as policies, including the reduction of the
highway toll, are senseless when evaluated as environmental measures. What is necessary now is a transformationin lifestyles towards one that can coexist with the environment. There is a limit to the purchase of updated products.
There need to be a change from policies favoring industries to prioritizing consumers by creating systems so that
consumers could participate in solving environmental problems. There are many things we need to accomplish in
public works as well, such as the construction of lanes dedicated to bicycles.
Hajime Oshitani, Professor, Department of Regional Environmental Studies, Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan, 251

I sense a change in awareness appearing towards global warming prevention among industry as a whole. In particular, there is something eye-opening about the endeavors automobile manufacturers are undertaking to produce
hybrid and electric vehicles instead of gasoline vehicles.
M, International Environmental Technology Center, United Nations Environment Programme, Japan, 258

This year, Tokyo experienced several days of summer heat in May, with high temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius. And with spring flowers blooming earlier in the year and habitats of organisms like insects moving further
north, the effects of global warming are appearing in our backyards. I lament the shortening of spring and autumn,
which are Japan’s best seasons.
Tomoaki Fujii, Deputy Director General, The Tokyu Foundation for Better Environment, Japan, 274

The explanation about the tremendous recent changes in the Earth’s temperatures in Al Gore’s “An Inconvenient
Truth” was extremely memorable. Closer to home, whenever I speak to farmers and fishermen, I get a solid sensethat things have vastly changed from the past. As global warming necessitates significant changes in both our individual lives and at work, I keenly hope that endeavors to grapple with this problem become strong and robust.
In Saga Prefecture, the prefectural government hopes to develop a citizens’ movement by first utilizing energy
conserving fluorescent lights, proactively engaging in the shift to hybrid cars for public vehicles, and taking otheractions that serve as a pacemaker in this marathon.
Yasushi Furukawa, Governor, Saga Prefecture, Japan, 275

Environmental problems were brought about by the totality of human activity, as mankind pursued a convenientand pleasant way of life. As such, a significant feature of environmental problems is that everyone is both a perpetrator and a victim. For this very reason, I believe it is necessary for each of us as individuals to develop awareness, transform our way of thinking, and take on every measure immediately at our disposal. In order to contributeto global warming prevention on a regional basis, Kanagawa Prefecture made a “Cool Renaissance Declaration”
in January of last year to call for “planetary restoration” starting in Kanagawa. In addition to undertaking projects
to spread electric vehicles and solar power generation, we also urged people to switch from incandescent bulbs toenergy efficient fluorescent bulbs as efforts that households can take on closer to home. Even under severe economic and societal conditions, I would like to bring together Kanagawa’s strengths like progressiveness and cooperativeness to further global warming prevention measures from this very region.
Shigefumi Matsuzawa, Governor, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, 289

When considering environmental problems from the standpoint of what each individual can tackle, the planting oftrees, like energy problems, is an activity that is easy to take on. For this, it is important to publicize the relationship between trees and carbon dioxide in a way that is easy to understand.
Kazushi Yamada, Chief of Greenery Planning Section, Japan Greenery Research and Development Center, Japan, 299

I believe that the transformation of lifestyles, including environmental education, is essential. This is not a problem
about being frugal; it is necessary to alter lifestyles in a way that is accompanied by a change in value systems.
While I do think it is an extremely difficult problem, it is one that must be undertaken.
Hiroshi Maeda, Director General, Japan Greenery Research and Development Center, Japan, 301

32

2

7

26

48

17

[42]

3

7

17

60

13

[60]

U.S.A & Western
Canada Europe

6

0

29

57

9

[70]

Asian
Four

2

2

25

51

20

[122]

2

0

30

41

26

[46]

Rest of
Latin
Asia America

4

4

14

36

43

[28]

Africa

33
21
40
18
4
8
4
2

3. 20%

4. 30%

5. 40%

6. 50%

7. Above 51%

Unknown4

2. 10%

1. Under 10%

2

19

10

5

26

24

14

0

2

5

10

12

32

32

8

0

3

11

16

4

23

29

9

6

2

10

11

6

20

29

16

6

2

11

7

13

37

24

2

4

0

11

11

14

18

18

14

14

0

9

4

9

43

22

9

4

0

4

30

39

26

[23]

Oceania3.2. The Breadth of Emissions Reduction by Developed Countries

1

Unknown24

3. It will be difficult for developed countries tocome to an agreement
470

2. A substantial reduction cannot be expected,
but there will be agreement among developed
countries

4. Other

2

[324]

Japan

1. Developed countries will agree to a substantial emissions reduction in the post-2012
framework

3.1. The Outlook for COP15

Question 3. COP15 and the Post-2012 Framework

0

6

6

9

17

26

23

14

0

3

23

63

11

[35]

E.Europe &former Soviet
Union

0

14

0

0

29

14

29

14

0

14

43

14

29

[7]

2

10

10

8

26

27

12

6

3

3

25

51

19

[433]

Middle Overseas
East
Total

2

7

9

6

22

32

16

5

2

3

24

59

12

[757]

Total

6

2

6

9

5

21

36

17

3

2

4

24

65

[496]

Developed
Regions

%

2

10

10

9

24

26

12

7

2

2

25

46

25

[196]

0

8

5

8

28

23

18

11

%

0

5

28

49

18

[65]

Developing
OthersRegions

V. Data

34

15

1

3. Both major and all other developing countries
contribute through voluntary goals

4. Developed countries are responsible for the
onset of global warming; developing countries
should not bear reduction obligations
0

2

14

38

45

[42]

3

2

17

55

23

[60]

U.S.A & Western
Canada Europe

4

1

13

56

26

[70]

Asian
Four

6
0

Unknown26

2. I have heard of the approach, but am notaware of the contents

3. I have not heard of the approach68

1. I am aware of this approach and understand
it

0

40

38

21

2

37

47

15

1

39

39

21

3.4. Sectoral Approach against Global Warming

265

2. Differentiate obligations between highemitting countries like China and India, and allother developing countries. Major developing
countries should maintain emissions at current
levels, while all other developing countries
voluntarily establish their own goals

Unknown18

1. All developing countries bear some emissions reduction obligation

[324]

Japan

3.3. The Response of Developing Countries

1

54

34

11

2

11

16

51

19

[122]

0

52

39

9

0

9

13

50

28

[46]

Rest of
Latin
Asia America

0

54

39

7

4

11

11

43

32

[28]

Africa

0

61

26

13

0

4

22

39

35

[23]

Oceania

0

29

43

29

3

6

17

51

23

[35]

E.Europe &former Soviet
Union

0

86

0

14

0

29

14

43

14

[7]

1

46

37

15

2

7

15

50

26

[433]

Middle Overseas
East
Total

1

29

32

38

2

4

15

56

22

[757]

Total

1

17

31

51

2

1

15

60

22

[496]

Developed
Regions

1

54

36

10

2

11

15

49

23

[196]

0

46

32

22

%

2

8

18

46

26

[65]

Developing
OthersRegions

%

35

1

0

11

11

56

22

[42]

0

0

0

78

22

[60]

U.S.A & Western
Canada Europe

0

0

13

73

13

[70]

Asian
Four

31
56
8
2
2
1

1. The U.S. will aggressively participate in the
post-2012 framework and assume a leadership
position

2. The U.S. will participate in the post-2012 framework to some degree

3. The U.S. will not immediately be an aggressive
participant but will promise to do so in the near
future4. There will be no changes

5. OtherUnknown

N=
[220]

0

0

2

10

48

40

[9]

3

0

3

22

48

23

[9]

3

0

3

30

46

19

[15]

2

2

11

20

50

16

[14]

7

0

0

57

36

[122]

0

0

9

24

43

24

[4]

0

0

0

100

0

[46]

Rest of
Latin
Asia America

3.6. Expectations for the New U.S. Administration

015

3. It is not an effective approach

Unknown56

2. The approach is worth considering

4. I do not know

28

1. It is an effective approach; it should beapplied

N=
[324]

Japan

3.5. Response to the Sectoral Approach

0

0

4

18

61

18

[2]

0

0

50

50

0

[28]

Africa

[3]

0

4

0

13

61

22

33

33

0

0

33

[23]

Oceania

0

0

6

43

37

14

[10]

0

20

0

40

40

[35]

E.Europe &former Soviet
Union

0

14

14

29

29

14

[1]

0

0

0

0

100

[7]

1

1

6

23

48

21

[67]

3

6

6

60

25

[433]

Middle Overseas
East
Total

1

1

4

16

52

25

[287]

1

1

13

57

27

[757]

Total

1

1

2

13

53

29

[253]

1

0

14

58

26

[496]

Developed
Regions

1

1

10

20

50

18

[20]

5

0

5

65

25

[196]

0

3

5

31

45

17

[14]

%

7

21

0

29

43

[65]

Developing
OthersRegions%36

1

Unknown

5

7

10

48

21

10

[42]

3

3

10

50

27

7

[60]

U.S.A & Western
Canada Europe

4

0

7

16

44

29

[70]

Asian
Four

2

1

9

52

19

17

[122]

2

0

15

43

22

17

[46]

Rest of
Latin
Asia America

2

Unknown10

3. Dedicate efforts to absorb and capture CO2
and suppress its emission into the atmosphere,
including planting, preventing deforestation andforest deterioration, carbon capture and storage
835

2. Instead of focusing on energy supply, improveenergy efficiency, thus suppressing energy demand

4. Other45

1. Dedicate concerted efforts to shifting energy
supply to renewable sources, like wind, solar,
geothermal, and bio energy

5

31

7

31

26

7

25

5

33

30

10

1

6

49

34

2

2

22

25

48

11

7

17

20

46

Question 4. Strategies to Suppress CO2 Emissions

2

5. Other18

3. U.S. participation will lay the ground for developing countries to accept some reduction obligation
655

2. Significant effect on participation of major developing countries like China and India in post2012 framework

4. There will not be much of an effect19

1. Mid-term goals with aggressive objectives
agreed upon among developed countries

[324]

Japan

4

14

25

14

43

0

0

7

50

32

11

[28]

Africa3.7. The Effects of the Actions of the New U.S. Administration

0

9

0

35

57

0

4

0

43

39

13

[23]

Oceania

3

9

23

37

29

3

0

29

34

20

14

[35]

E.Europe &former Soviet
Union

0

29

14

43

14

0

0

14

43

14

29

[7]

5

11

14

31

39

3

2

11

42

27

16

[433]

Middle Overseas
East
Total

4

9

13

33

41

2

2

9

32

39

17

[757]

Total

4

11

9

37

40

2

2

7

24

47

18

[496]

Developed
Regions

5

5

21

22

46

2

1

10

50

21

16

[196]

2

11

14

37

37

%

2

2

17

38

26

15

[65]

Developing
OthersRegions

%

37

4
1
1

4. My actions do not reflect awareness, andI have no plans to change my behavior

Unknown61

2. I maintain some degree of awareness on adaily basis, and some of my actions support
global warming prevention

3. My current actions do not reflect awareness,but I plan to be more aware and change some of
my future behavior

32

1. My day-to-day actions are consistently basedon awareness of global warming prevention

N=
[324]

Japan

0

2

2

50

45

[42]

3

2

0

58

37

[60]

U.S.A & Western
Canada Europe

3

0

14

57

26

[70]

Asian
Four

1

2

15

62

20

[122]

0

0

4

57

39

[46]

Rest of
Latin
Asia America

0

4

4

64

29

[28]

Africa

0

0

0

57

43

[23]

Oceania

0

9

20

37

34

[35]

E.Europe &former Soviet
Union

5.1. Awareness and Actions Towards the Prevention of Global Warming

0

0

0

57

43

[7]

1

2

9

57

31

[433]

Middle Overseas
East
Total

1

2

7

59

32

[757]

Total

1

1

5

59

33

[496]

Developed
Regions

Question 5. Awareness and Actions Concerning the Prevention of Global Warming
%

1

2

11

61

26

[196]

0

5

11

46

38

[65]

Developing
OthersRegions

38
13

Other
2
85

PlannedUnknown

62

0

38

19

28

Implemented

29

39

52

33

26

19

18
40

55

42

24

7

8
11

69

81

36

38

40
49

26

64

11

59

31

33

7

15
5

5

15

8

88

70

[42]

80

0

20

28

25

47

23

22

55

18

12

70

50

43

7

43

40

17

15

13

72

[60]

U.S.A & Western
Canada Europe

Replaced older refrigerators Implemented
and heating/cooling systems
with latest, high efficiency Planned
versions
Unknown

Unknown

Increased insulation of the Implemented
home
Planned

Reduced the usage of cars Implemented
and try to take public transportation like buses and Planned
trainsUnknown

Unknown

Replaced conventional car(s) Implemented
with fuel efficient hybrid or
Plannedelectric vehicle(s)Unknown

Installed solar panels or other Implemented
equipment to utilize solar
Plannedpower

Unknown

Switched incandescent lights Implemented
to fluorescent lights
Planned

[324]

Japan

94

3

3

24

34

41

24

41

34

4

17

79

36

60

4

41

53

6

14

17

69

[70]

Asian
Four

90

4

6

28

31

41

43

33

25

16

12

72

53

39

7

41

39

20

10

16

74

[122]

78

2

20

22

24

54

43

26

30

26

24

50

33

59

9

28

59

13

4

17

78

[46]

Rest of
Latin
Asia America

79

4

18

25

25

50

43

32

25

29

29

43

46

50

4

25

68

7

7

21

71

[28]

Africa

83

0

17

22

13

65

26

35

39

17

13

70

57

35

9

35

43

22

22

26

52

[23]

Oceania

80

3

17

11

23

66

14

26

60

11

14

74

34

51

14

34

63

3

17

31

51

[35]

E.Europe &former Soviet
Union

86

0

14

0

14

86

0

29

71

0

29

71

14

86

0

14

71

14

0

14

86

[7]

83

2

14

24

27

49

32

30

38

16

15

68

44

47

9

40

47

13

11

17

72

[433]

Middle Overseas
East
Total

5.2. Actual Endeavors Towards the Prevention of Global Warming as an Individual

84

2

14

26

32

42

35

25

40

14

12

74

46

44

10

48

41

11

13

16

71

[757]

Total

84

2

15

27

36

37

35

22

44

12

9

78

46

43

11

55

37

8

14

14

72

[496]

Developed
Regions

86

4

11

26

29

45

43

31

26

20

17

63

47

45

7

36

47

17

8

17

74

[196]

82

2

17

14

18

68

17

29

54

12

15

72

40

49

11

32

57

11

17

28

55

[65]

Developing
OthersRegions

%

39

17
25
12
4
2

4.Nongovernmental Organization

5.Corporation

6.Other

7.Media

Unknown

91

2.FemaleUnknown

1.Male90

15

3.University/Research Institution

Sex

20

4

N=
[324]

Japan

2.Regional/Municipal Government

1.Central Government

Employment

Respondent Affiliations

2

14

83

2

0

40

14

17

17

0

10

[42]

2

15

83

2

0

20

22

20

18

0

18

[60]

U.S.A & Western
Canada Europe

9

7

3

27

70

3

0

4

4

53

20

[70]

Asian
Four

6

21

73

3

0

3

17

41

24

2

9

[122]

0

30

70

2

0

17

4

26

33

0

17

[46]

Rest of
Latin
Asia America

4

14

82

0

0

18

11

36

11

4

21

[28]

Africa

0

35

65

0

0

35

13

4

17

9

22

[23]

Oceania

0

23

77

0

0

6

0

20

54

0

20

[35]

E.Europe &former Soviet
Union

0

14

86

0

0

29

0

14

14

0

43

[7]

3

22

75

2

0

14

12

32

24

3

14

[433]

Middle Overseas
East
Total

2

16

82

2

2

13

17

25

20

10

10

[757]

Total

7

1

13

86

2

3

14

21

23

17

14

[496]

Developed
Regions

%

4

22

73

3

0

9

13

37

24

2

13

[196]

0

26

74

%

0

0

18

5

14

37

3

23

[65]

Developing
OthersRegionsVI. Questionnaire as Distributed to Respondents
I. REPEAT TOPICS
1.
Environment Doomsday Clock1-1. To what extent do you feel that the current deterioration of the global environment has created a crisis that willaffect the survival of the human race? Write a time within the range 0:01 to 12:00 corresponding to the extent of yourconcern in the boxes below.
12

9:01 – 12:00
Extremely Concerned

:

3

9

6:01 – 9:00
Fairly Concerned

3:01 – 6:00
Slightly Concerned
6

Please write your time here.

Please write your time here.

0:01 – 3:00
Barely Concerned(

Example

10

:

35

)

: (Example	10:35)

1-2. When you selected the time above, what were the main environmental conditions about which you were concerned? Please select up to three (3) of the following items of concern.
(1) General environmental problems(2) Global warming(3) Air pollution, water contamination, river/ocean pollution(4) Water shortage, food problems(5) Deforestation, desertification, loss of biodiversity(6) Peoples’ lifestyles, waste problems(7) Environmental problems and economic/foreign trade activities(8) Population, poverty, status of women(9) Other:
YOUR SELECTION (

) (

) (

)

2.
Progress Toward Agenda 21seess
in gresgr ssSeventeen years have passed since Agenda 21 was adopted as an “action plan for the
m
o
o
re
er pr
ss
pr
environment and development” at the Earth Summit in 1992. Please indicate the prognt rog det no greatress made in your country for the following 10 categories taken from the Agenda 21 ac- ific e p not os pro
gn om an Alm Notion plan by selecting the rating from ( a ) to ( e ) for each category.
SiSC( 1 ) Promotion of environmental education.............................................................................. (a)( 2 ) Activities by local governments and citizens’ groups........................................................ (a)( 3 ) Scientific/technological contributions................................................................................ (a)( 4 ) Formation of recycling systems......................................................................................... (a)( 5 ) Conservation of forest resources........................................................................................ (a)( 6 ) Conservation of biodiversity.............................................................................................. (a)( 7 ) Greenhouse gas prevention measures................................................................................. (a)( 8 ) Population/poverty problems............................................................................................. (a)( 9 ) Lifestyle alteration ............................................................................................................ (a)(10) Environmental measures by industry................................................................................. (a)

40

(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)

(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)

(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)

(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)

II. MAIN FOCUS OF THE CURRENT YEAR'S QUESTIONNAIRE
3.
COP15 and the Post-2012 Framework
3-1. The Outlook for COP 15
During the summit of major industrialized countries last year, delegates agreed to “achieve at least 50% reduction of
global emission by 2050.” Further, the Bali Action Plan was reconfirmed at the COP14 meeting. What type of agreement
do you expect to result from the COP15 meeting this year? Please select one item from the following list that best reflects
your opinion.
1. Developed countries will come to an agreement towards a substantial emissions reduction with respect to the post2012 framework.
2. Progress towards a substantial reduction cannot be expected, but there will be an agreement among developed
countries.
3. It will be difficult for developed countries to come to an agreement towards emissions reduction.
4. Other :YOUR SELECTION ()

3-2. The Breadth of Emissions Reduction by Developed Countries
COP15 will focus on achieving an agreement based on the Bali Action Plan. What is the percentage at which you thinkemissions reduction by 2020 should be established for developed countries as a whole? Please select one item from thefollowing list that best reflects your opinion.
1. Under 10%
2.	10 %
3. 20%
4. 30%
5. 40%
6. 50%
7. Above 51%
YOUR SELECTION ()

3-3. The Response of Developing Countries
In order to achieve the long-term stabilization scenario for atmospheric CO2 as under 450 parts per million. this scenario, it is understood that appropriate reduction efforts will be needed from developing nations in addition to emissions reduction by developed countries. In your opinion, what is the desired agreement at COP15 with respect to therole of developing countries? Please select one item from the following list that best reflects your opinion.
1. All developing countries should bear some amount of emissions reduction obligation.
2. There should be a differentiation in the obligations between high emitting major developing countries like China
and India, and all other developing countries. Major developing countries should bear the responsibility of maintaining emissions levels at around current levels, whereas all other developing countries voluntarily establish theirown goals to contribute to the suppression of emissions.
3. Both major developing countries and all other developing countries contribute to suppressing emissions throughvoluntary goals.
4. Developed countries bear the responsibility for the onset of global warming; thus, developing countries should not
bear reduction obligations for the foreseeable future.
YOUR SELECTION ()

3-4. Sectoral Approach against Global Warming
Among the various methods to determine a country’s emissions volume, there is an approach proposed by Japan whichis called Sectoral Approach. Are you aware of this approach? Please select one item from the following list that bestreflects your opinion.
1. I am aware of this approach and understand its contents.
2. I have heard of the approach, but am not aware of the contents.
3. I have not heard of the approach.
YOUR SELECTION ()

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3-5. Response to the Sectoral Approach
Please answer this question if you selected 1. “I am aware of this approach and understand its contents” in the previous
question. What do you think of the sectoral approach? Please select one item from the following list that best reflects
your opinion.
1. It is an effective approach and it should be applied.
2. The approach is worth considering.
3. It is not an effective approach.
4. I do not know.
YOUR SELECTION ()

3-6. Expectations for the New U.S. Administration
With the inauguration of the new administration, it is hoped that the United States will adopt a more aggressive stancein undertaking the problems of global warming. What is your perspective on the actions of the United States in the days
ahead? Please select one item from the following list that best reflects your opinion.
1. The United States will aggressively participate in the post-2012 framework and set the pace by assuming a leadership position.
2. The United States will participate in the post-2012 framework to some degree.
3. The United States will not immediately be an aggressive participant, but will promise to do so in the near future.
4. There will be no changes from the past.
5. Other :YOUR SELECTION ()

3-7. The Effects of the Actions of the New U.S. Administration
What do you think will be the effects of the new U.S. administration if it were to participate in the post-2012 framework? Please select one item from the following list that best reflects your opinion.
1. Mid-term goals incorporating aggressive reduction objectives will be agreed upon among developed countries.
2. There will be a significant effect on the participation of major developing countries like China and India in the
post-2012 framework.
3. U.S. participation will lay the ground for developing countries to accept some level of reduction obligation.
4. There will not be much of an effect.
5. Other :YOUR SELECTION ()

4. Strategies to Suppress CO2 emission
In order to contain the temperature rise within 2 degrees Celsius of current levels, it is necessary to lower the emissionsof CO2 before 2020. It may be difficult to depend on nuclear power which takes 10 to 30 years from planning tooperation to suppress CO2 emission considering the time frame. When considering these circumstances, what do you
think would comprise an effective strategy to suppress CO2 emissions? Please select one item from the following listthat best reflects your opinion.
1. Dedicate concerted efforts to shifting the supply of energy to renewable sources, such as wind energy, solar power,
geothermal energy, and bio energy.
2. Rather than focusing on the energy supply, dedicate efforts to improving energy efficiency and thus suppressing
demand for energy .
3. Dedicate efforts towards measures for absorbing and capturing carbon dioxide and thereby suppressing its emission
into the atmosphere, including planting, prevention of deforestation and forest deterioration, carbon capture andstorageincluding underground carbon sequestration.
4. Other :YOUR SELECTION ()

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5. Awareness and Actions Concerning the Prevention of Global Warming
5-1. Awareness and Actions Towards the Prevention of Global Warming
Are your day-to-day actions and behavior based on an awareness of global warming prevention? Please select one itemthat applies to your situation.
1. My day-to-day actions and behavior are consistently based on an awareness of global warming prevention.
2. I maintain some degree of awareness on a day-to-day basis, and some of my actions support global warming prevention.
3. My current actions do not reflect awareness, but I plan to be more aware and change some of my future behavior.
4. My day-to-day actions do not reflect awareness, and I have no plans to change my behavior.
YOUR SELECTION ()

5-2. Actual Endeavors Towards the Prevention of Global Warming as an Individual
Which of the following actions have you implemented or do you plan to implement in the future from the standpointof an individual concerned with the prevention of global warming? Please mark each item which best reflects youraction in the appropriate column.
Action Item
1. Switched incandescent lights to fluorescent lights in the house.
IMPLEMENTED ( )		
PLANNED ( )2. Installed solar panels at the house or other equipment to utilize solar power.
IMPLEMENTED ( )		
PLANNED ( )3. Replaced the conventional automobile(s) with fuel efficient hybrid or electric vehicle(s)PLANNED ( )IMPLEMENTED ( )		
4. Reduced the usage of cars as much as possible, and remain careful to take public transportation like buses andtrains.
IMPLEMENTED ( )		
PLANNED ( )5. Implemented measures to increase insulation of the home.
IMPLEMENTED ( )		
PLANNED ( )6. Replaced older refrigerators and heating/cooling systems with latest and high efficiency versions
IMPLEMENTED ( )		
PLANNED ( )7. Other : ()
IMPLEMENTED ( )		
PLANNED ( )6.

Feel free to write comments on any topic related to environmental problems. Use additional paper if required.

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Results of the 18th Annual“Questionnaire on Environmental Problems and the Survival of Humankind”

REPORT
September 2009
Published by the Asahi Glass Foundation
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