Features of PHITS3.24
PHITS development team, Mar. 2021

1

Number of PHITS users since 2019

Top 10 countries
Country#users

Japan1018

Indonesia

112

United States

88

Myanmar79

Argentina

68

South Korea

46

France43

Number of PHITS users in each country since 2019*

Malaysia

39*@03/08/2021, based on the location of users’ affiliation

Germany32

1,886 new users from 53 countries in two years!

Italy

31

https://phits.jaea.go.jp/usermap/PHITS_map_userbase.html

2Map of Models Recommended to Use in PHITS
NeutronProton, Pion(other hadrons)

NucleusLow ← Energy → High

1 TeV

e- / e+Photon
1 TeV

1 TeV/uIntra-nuclear cascade (JAM)+ Evaporation (GEM)

JAMQMD+ GEM

3.0 GeV

Intra-nuclear cascade (INCL4.6) d+t
Evaporation (GEM)
20 MeV

Muon

3He

Quantum
MolecularDynamics(JQMD)+ GEM

VirtualPhotoNuclear
JAM/
JQMD
+GEM
200 MeV

PhotoNuclear
EPDL97
or
EGS5
EGS5

JAM/
JQMD
+
GEM
+
JENDL
+NRF

αNuclear
10 MeV/u
ATIMA
1 MeV+
Data Library
OriginalStopping power (ATIMA)(JENDL-4.0)
1 keV
or track structure (KURBUC)
1 keV 1 keV+Muonic **Track
EGM
atom + structure *Only in water

0.01 meVCapture

1 meV

Nothing has been changed since the previous version (PHITS 3.20)
3Major Upgraded Features in ver. 3.22
Distributed since Oct. 2020

Upgraded Points from ver. 3.20
 [t-dchain] and DCHAIN-PHITS are improved in many aspects*1)
 A new function for calculating the response function of organic
scintillator based on SCINFUL-QMD is developed*2)
 A function to output cross sections and kerma factors used in PHITS isdeveloped as a part of icntl=1
 An algorithm for adjoint Monte Carlo simulation is implemented for
efficiently estimating the photon fluences*3)
 A function to use the stopping power of liquid water, graphite, and dry
air given in ICRU90 is developed*4)
 A new option is introduced in the phase-space source based on
accelerator emittance (s-type=11)*5)
 An option to select share/non-share of tally variables for OpenMP
shared-memory parallel computing is implemented
Under support of *1) CCSE of JAEA, *2) Dr. D. Satoh of JAEA, *3) Dr. A. Malins ofJAEA, *4) Dr. M. Shimizu of AIST and Dr. Y. Namito of KEK, and *5) CCSE of JAEA

4

Improvements to DCHAIN-PHITS All statistical uncertainties now propagated to results Hybrid activation cross section libraries now available→Various combinations of JENDL/AD, JENDL, ENDF, JEFF & FENDL/A New γ dose coefficients from ICRP 116 and ICRP 74
 Output plots show beam power and can track nuclides
 Support added for mesh=tet tetrahedral geometries
 For mesh=xyz, [Source] from *.pht output now usable as a multi-source
in PHITS, *.pht files can be split by time step, andnew automatic 2D activity plots can be written

250 MeVp+PHITS simulation

DCHAIN activity distribution

PHITS decay γ flux

H.N. Ratliff et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 484, 29-41 (2020)5

Implementation of SCINFUL-QMD Algorithm
 Activate (n,C) cross section
database in SCINFUL-QMD bysetting iscinful=1 in [parameters]

α-production cross sections of12C bombarded by neutronsRef.) T. S. Subramanian et al., Phys. Rev. C, 28, 521 (1983).

 Light-outputs from an organic
scintillator can be estimatedResponse function of a liquidorganic scintillator for neutronsRef.) S. Meigo, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A, 401, 365 (1997).

Neutron responses and detection efficiencies of an organic
scintillator can be reproduced well on this mode6

Major Upgraded Features in ver. 3.24
PHITS 3.24 was released in Mar. 2021

Upgraded Points from ver. 3.22
 RT-PHITS is developed by extending the function of DICOM2PHITS*1)
 A new calculation method for DPA is introduced
 PHITS Interactive Geometry viewer in 3D (PHIG-3D) is developed*2)
 Cosmic-ray source mode has been implemented
 User-defined anatally function is developed The concept of “history-counter” has been introduced*3)
 JENDL/DEU-2020 [frag data] File has been implemented*4)
 Functions for independently controlling source generations andsummarizing tally results of each batch are implemented
 A function to output the line number subroutine & file names where error
or warning message is written in the source program is implemented*5)
Under support of *1) Dr. Y.Koba, Dr. S.Yonai, Dr. S.Matsumoto, Dr. W.Chang of QST
and Dr. T.Watabe and Mr. H.Sasaki of Osaka University, *2) Dr. S.Ohnishi of NMRI, *3)
Dr. N.Furutachi of RIST, *4) Dr. S.Nakayama of JAEA , and *5) Mr. T.Imaki of JAEA

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Extension from DICOM2PHITS to RT-PHITSRadioTherapy package based on PHITSDICOM data（RT-Plan, PET-Image, CT-Image, RT-Structure, RT-Dose）
Radiotherapy

Radionuclide Therapyor
RT-PHITS（Plan2PHITS, PET2PHITS, CT2PHITS, PHITS2DICOM）

General
DICOM software

Under development

orIntermediate files (Beam geom., Source info, Patient geom., Tally setting)
Detailed analysis

InputCreater4PHITS• 3D view• DVH analysis

PHITS input

Phase Space FilePHITS
phits/utility/RT-phits

Dosedistribution8

New calculation method for DPA
 DPA：Average number of displaced atoms per atom of a material→ Index of radiation damage
 PHITS can calculate new index (*arc-DPA) with defect production efficiency*arc-DPA: athermal-recombination-corrected DPA

800 MeV proton
irradiation on W
Conventional DPA：NRT-DPA(w/o defect productionefficiency)

arc-DPA20Examples of defect production efficiencies

DPA depth distribution in tungsten

arc-DPA is generally lower than NRT-DPA
Y. Iwamoto et al., Journal of Nuclear Materials, 538 (2020) 152261

9Development of PHIG-3D
What is PHIG-3D?
PHIG-3D represent PHITS Interactive Geometry viewer in 3DGUI software for visualizing geometry in 3D by reading PHITS input fileInteractively enlarge, reduce, and rotate geometry by mouse operation[t-3dshow] & [t-track]3D cross-sectional view by PHIG-3D

 Lattice or tetrahedral geometry with large meshes may not be drawn due to lack of memory
 PHIG-3D works only in 64-bit computers
10Cosmic-ray source mode
Features of cosmic-ray source mode in PHITS Precisely reproducing energy and angular differential fluxes of galactic
cosmic-rays in space and in the atmosphere using the PARMA model*
 Simple input parameters such as altitude, latitude, longitude, & date ofinterest Applicable to large solar particle events using the Band function**
Example of [source]e-type = 26 $ cosmic-ray source
icenv = 1$ terrestrial GCR mode
alti=1.0$ altitude in km
glat = 35.0
$ latitude in degree
glong = 142.0 $ longitude in degree
icyear = 2020 $ year
icmonth = 1 $ monthicday = 5$ day*T.Sato PLOS ONE 11: e0160390 (2016)**A.J.Tylka, 31st ICRC (2009)

Sample simulation for muon radiography11

User-defined anatally function
What is user-defined anatally?
 User-defined program for analyzing multiple tally results at once andgenerating a new tally result Sample programs for calculating dose-mean LET, and equi-effective
doses based on the SMK model* are included in the PHITS package*T.Sato & Y.Furusawa, Radiat. Res. 178, 341-356 (2012)
Procedure for calculating dose-mean LET using sample user-defined anatallyParticle transport simulation (icntl = 0)
Tally 1∫ deposit energy

Tally 2
∫ deposit energy x LET

Anatally calculation (icntl = 17)
Tally 2=
Tally 1Anatally
Dose-mean LET

Calculated dose-mean LET for C ion
See phits/utility/usranatal in more detail12History-counter function
What is history-counter?
 The maximum counter value of all particles generated in one history
 By defining a constraint using history-counter, you can tally your interested
events selectively by tracing back to the generation of their sources.
[Counter] Cell 1: in→ +10, cell 2: in→ +100, cell 3: in→ +1000 & out→ -2000
Cell 1
Cell 3Cell 2
No constraintchmin(1) = 1005
chmax(1) = 1015

chmin(1) = 1095
chmax(1) = 1105

chmin(1) = 995
chmax(1) = 1005

All particles
via cell 1 to 3
via cell 2 to 3
Directly into cell 3
Distinguished by particle pathway before entering the region of interest
See phits/sample/misc/history_counter in more detail13

JENDL/DEU-2020 [frag data] File Implementation of [frag data] of JENDL Deuteron Reaction Data File 2020*
 Accelerator-based neutron sources using 6,7Li, 9Be, 12,13C(d,xn) reactions*S. Nakayama et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., DOI:10.1080/00223131.2020.1870010

Neutron energy spectra on 9Be(left) and C(right) thick target In [frag data] section, set opt=5 and specify each target file in phits/XS/fragdata/
See phits/recommendation/NeutronSource in more detail14

Upcoming Futures
We are planning to …

 Improve affinity to nuclear data library Full set of JENDL-4.0/HE
 Adoption to nuclear data libraries for d, t, 3He, α, γ

 Implement new functions
 Extension of track-structure mode to various ions & material
 Estimation of systematic uncertainties

 Develop user support functions
 Special editor for making PHITS input file DICOM viewer for RT-PHITS

 Improve accuracy and nuclear reaction model Improvement of Fission & intra-nuclear cascade models
 Benchmark using shielding database SINBAD15