ᣦᶆ䛾ᐇ⿦䚸ὀព䛻䛴䛔䛶䛄኱Ꮫ➼䛾◊✲ຊ䜢䛭䛾≉ᚩ䜔◊✲ศ㔝䛛䜙ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛅䠄ව䠅➨10ᅇ䜶䝹䝊䝡䜰䞉䝆䝱䝟䞁◊✲ᡓ␎䝉䝭䝘䞊
2015ᖺ6᭶16᪥୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ㻌 ୍ᶫㅮᇽᮾ໭኱Ꮫ䠱䠮䠝䝉䞁䝍䞊≉௵෸ᩍᤵ㻌 Ύᐙᘯྐᮏ᪥䛾䝖䝢䝑䜽• Golden Rule䛻䛴䛔䛶䠄ὀព䠅㻌• ᐇ⿦䛻㝿䛧䛶ᮏ᪥䛾䝖䝢䝑䜽• Golden Rules䛻䛴䛔䛶䠄ὀព䠅㻌 䡚Responsible Use of Metrics• ᐇ⿦䛻㝿䛧䛶
䡚Comfortable Use of Metrics with Confidence• 䝷䞁䜻䞁䜾䛸䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜻䞁䜾

Two Golden Rules:⠇ᗘ䜢䜒䛳䛶౑䛘䜀䚸◊✲ホ౯ᣦᶆ䛿䚸䜘䜚䜘䛔Ỵ᩿䜢ᑟ䛟䛾䛻᭷ຠ㯤㔠๎䠍䠅ᐃᛶⓗ䛺ホ౯ἲ䛸ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ホ౯ἲ䛾୧᪉䛾ホ౯ᡭἲ䜢⏝䛔䚸Ỵᐃ䜢䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸㯤㔠๎䠎䠅ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛㝿䛻䜒䚸䠎䛴௨ୖ䛾ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸

Two Golden Rules:㯤㔠๎䠍䠅ᐃᛶⓗ䛺ホ౯᪉ἲ䛸ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ホ౯᪉ἲ䛾୧᪉䛾ホ౯ᡭἲ䜢⏝䛔䚸ุ᩿䞉Ỵᐃ䜢䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸• 䛹䛱䜙䛾ᡭἲ䛻䜒ᙉ䜏䛸ᙅ䜏䛜䛒䜛䚹• 䛹䛱䜙䛛୍᪉䛜௚᪉䜢⨨䛝᥮䛘䜛䜟䛡䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹㻌 㻌 䡚䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛿ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛾ពぢ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᐈほⓗ䛺䝃䝫䞊䝖䛷䛒䜛䚹• 䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ᡭἲ䛛䜙ᑟ䛝ฟ䛥䜜䜛▱ぢ䛻┦㐪䛜䜏䜙䜜䜛ሙྜ䚸䛥䜙䛺䜛ศᯒ䜢㐍䜑䜛䛣䛸䛷᭷┈䛺▱ぢ䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹

Two Golden Rules:㯤㔠๎䠎䠅ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛㝿䛻䜒䚸䠎䛴௨ୖ䛾ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸• 䛭䜒䛭䜒◊✲άື䜔䛭䛾ᡂᯝ䛿ከᙬ䛺ഃ㠃䜢᭷䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹• 䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛻䛿ᙉ䜏䛸ᙅ䜏䛜䛒䜛䚹」ᩘ䛾䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸୍䛴䛾䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛾ᙅ䜏䜢௚䛾䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛾ᙉ䜏䛷⿵䛖䚹• 䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛾᧯స䠄gaming䠅䜢㜵䛞䜔䛩䛟䛩䜛䚹Two Golden Rules:㯤㔠๎䠎䠅ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛㝿䛻䜒䚸䠎䛴௨ୖ䛾ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸
Basket of Metrics:
Facets and Themes

Funding
Research
ImpactOutputEngagement
SocialImpact• ㄽᩥᣦᶆ䛰䛡䛜㻌 㻌 䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛷䛿䛺䛔• ✀䚻䛾䝕䞊䝍䝋䞊䝇

Two Golden Rules:㯤㔠๎䠎䠅ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛㝿䛻䜒䚸䠎䛴௨ୖ䛾ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸
Basket of Metrics:
Core and Complementary• Institution types• Disciplines

Snowball Metrics Recipe Book• UK䛾8䛴䛾኱Ꮫ䛻䜶䝹䝊䝡䜰䛜༠ຊ䛩䜛ᙧ䛷䚸䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛻㛵䛩䜛䛂䝺䝅䝢͸䝤䝑䜽䛃䜢⦅䛥䜣• 8䛴䛾኱Ꮫ䛜ᐇ㝿䛻䝕䞊䝍䜢⏝䛔䛶䚸䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䜢ィ⟬䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䜢䜒䛸䛻䜎䛸䜑䜙䜜䛯 (Agreedand Tested)
www.snowballmetrics.com/metrics• 䜴䜵䝤䛛䜙䛾䝎䜴䞁䝻䞊䝗䛻䜘䜚ධᡭྍ⬟䚹↓ᩱ

The Metrics Tide &The Leiden Manifesto for research metrics

http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/rereports/
Year/2015/metrictide/

Hicks, D. & Woulters, P. Nature 520, 429431 (2015).

The Metrics Tide:
Responsible metrics• Robustness: basing metrics on the best possible data in termsof accuracy and scope;• Humility: recognizing that quantitative evaluation should
support – but not supplant – qualitative, expert assessment;• Transparency: keeping data collection and analytical process
open and transparent, so that those being evaluated can test
and verify the results;• Diversity: accounting for variation by field, and using a range ofindicators to reflect and support a plurality of research andresearcher career paths across the system;• Reflexivity: recognizing and anticipating the systemic andpotential effects of indicators, and updating them in response.

The Leiden Manifesto forresearch metrics:
10 principles (Part 1)
1. Quantitative evaluation should support qualitative,expert assessment. (Humility)
2. Measure performance against the research
missions of the institution, group or researcher.
3. Protect excellence in locally relevant research
4. Keep data collection and analytical processes
open, transparent and simple. (Transparency)
5. Allow those evaluated to verify data and analysis.
(Transparency)

The Leiden Manifesto forresearch metrics:
10 principles (Part 2)
6. Account for variation by field in publication andcitation practices. (Diversity)
7. Base assessment of individual researchers on aqualitative judgement of their portfolio
8. Avoid misplaced concreteness and false precision.
9. Recognize the systemic effect of assessment andindicators. (Reflexivity)
10. Scrutinize indicators regularly and update them.
(Reflexivity)ᐇ⿦䛻㝿䛧䛶:䛷䛝䜛䛸䛣䜝䛛䜙୍㏻䜚䜔䛳䛶䜏䜛• 䝕䞊䝍䛾཰㞟䛸䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛾ィ⟬䜈ྥ䛡䛯ฎ⌮䠄䝕䞊䝍䝉䝑䝖䛾ᙧᡂ䚸ᅵಥ䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䠅
9 ෆ㒊䝕䞊䝍
9 እ㒊බ㛤䝕䞊䝍
9 እ㒊ᕷ㈍䝕䞊䝍

• 䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛾㑅ᢥ䛸ィ⟬• ྍど໬• 䝁䞁䝔䜽䝇䝖䠄ᩥ⬦䠅䛾୰䛷䛾䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䛾ゎ㔘㻌 䡚ゎ㔘䜢䛧䚸ពᛮỴᐃ䜢⾜䛖䛾䛿ே㛫䛷䛒䜛䡚䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜻䞁䜾䛸䝷䞁䜻䞁䜾
Rankings are compiled by various providers; each creates
relative positions based on certain weightings – someeven allow a university to choose weightings to create
their own ranking. Unsurprisingly, a Rector chooses theranking in which his university comes out best to market
the university to new students. (John Green)
Benchmarking has a very different purpose and is a
precise activity which measures activity (e.g. funding,outcomes such as impact etc) through the use of carefully
defined metrics. (John Green)
Benchmarking works well when the problem is clearly
defined and appropriate metrics can be selected forsuitable peers. (Lisa Colledge)䛂◊✲ຊ䜢 䜛ᣦᶆ䛾ᢳฟ䛸኱Ꮫ䛾◊✲ຊྍど໬䛻㛵䛩䜛ᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲䛃ᅜ㝿䜻䝑䜽䜸䝣䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠄ᖹᡂ28ᖺ10᭶25᪥䚸ᮾி་⛉ṑ⛉኱ᏛM&D䝍䝽䞊㕥ᮌ❶ኵグᛕㅮᇽ䠅䛻䛚䛡䜛John GreenẶ䚸LisaColledgeẶ䛾Ⓨ⾲PPT䜘䜚ᢤ⢋ୡ⏺Ꮫ⾡䝷䞁䜻䞁䜾Academic Ranking of World Universities• ୖᾏ஺㏻኱Ꮫ䛜Ⓨ⾲䚹2003ᖺ䛻බ⾲䜢㛤ጞ䚹䝯䝋䝗䝻䝆䞊䛻ኚ໬䛺䛧
• 2000௨ୖ䛾኱Ꮫ䚸1200኱Ꮫ䛻㡰఩௜䛡䚸ୡ⏺䝖䝑䝥
500኱Ꮫ䜢බ⾲䠄2016ᖺ䚸᪥ᮏ䛛䜙䛿16኱Ꮫ䠅• බ㛤䝕䞊䝍䚸ၟᴗ䝕䞊䝍䛾䜏ẚ㔜• ᣦᶆ䛸ẚ㔜䠖 䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊 䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇ᩍ⫱䛾㉁䝜䞊䝧䝹㈹䚸䛚䜘䜃䝣䜱䞊䝹䝈㈹ཷ㈹༞ᴗ⏕

10䠂

ᩍဨ䛾㉁

䝜䞊䝧䝹㈹䚸䛚䜘䜃䝣䜱䞊䝹䝈㈹ཷ㈹ᩍဨ

20䠂

Highly Cited Researchers

20䠂

Natureㄅ䚸䛚䜘䜃Scienceㄅ䛻Ⓨ⾲䛧䛯ㄽᩥ

20䠂

Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥᩘ䠄Science Citation Index)

20䠂◊✲䛾䜰䜴䝖䝥䝑䝖ᩍဨ୍ேᙜ ୖグ5䛴䛾䝟䝣䜷䞊䝬䞁䝇䛾䝇䝁䜰䜢ᩍဨᩘ䛷๭䛳䛯䜒䛾䛯䜚䛾䝟䝣䜷䞊䝬䞁䝇10䠂⤖ㄒ䠍䠊⠇ᗘ䜢䜒䛳䛶౑䛘䜀䚸◊✲ホ౯ᣦᶆ䛿䚸䜘䜚䜘䛔Ỵ᩿䜢ᑟ䛟䛾䛻᭷ຠ㯤㔠๎䠍䠅ᐃᛶⓗ䛺ホ౯ἲ䛸ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ホ౯ἲ䛾୧᪉䛾ホ౯ᡭἲ䜢䜢⏝䛔䚸Ỵᐃ䞉ุ᩿䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸㯤㔠๎䠎䠅ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛㝿䛻䜒䚸䠎䛴௨ୖ䛾ホ౯ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䠎䠊䛂䝁䜰䛸䛺䜛ホ౯ᣦᶆ⩌䛾☜❧䛃䠇䛂ᶵ㛵䞉ศ㔝䛤䛸䚸䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾≧ἣ䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛯ಶู䛾⿵㊊ⓗ䛺ᣦᶆ䛾タᐃ䛃䠏䠊᪂䛧䛔ホ౯ᣦᶆ䛿䚸ఏ⤫ⓗ䛺ᣦᶆ䜒኱ษ䛻䛧䛯䛖䛘䛻ᡂ䜚❧䛴䠐䠊䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜽䛾ᡂຌ䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿䚸᫂☜䛺ㄢ㢟䛾ᢳฟ䛸䚸㐺ษ䛺ホ౯ᣦᶆ䛾タᐃ䛜㔜せ䠑䠊䛷䛝䜛䛸䛣䜝䛛䜙䝕䞊䝍䜢཰㞟䛧䚸䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䜢ィ⟬䛧䛶䜏䜛䚹ྍど໬䜢䛧䚸ྛ⮬䛾⨨䛛䜜䛯ᩥ⬦䛾୰䛷䝕䞊䝍䞉䝯䝖䝸䜽䝇䜢ゎ㔘䛩䜛䛤Ύ⫈䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䛤䛦䛔䜎䛧䛯