ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ⎇ⓥ♿ⷐ㧔Res. Bull. Fac. Educ.䋧Welf. Sci., Oita Univ.䋩

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ዊቇᩞℂ⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾㕙᷷ᐲ᷹ቯߩᜰዉᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥ
̆ ․ߦ‫ޟ‬ᄥ㓁ߣ࿾㕙ߩ᭽ሶ‫ߩޠ‬ᜰዉߦߟ޿ߡ̆ਃᰴ ᓼੑ㧖㧝࡮ ዊጊ ⡡ሶ㧖㧞࡮ ⍹㤥 ᓀሶ㧖㧟‫ ⷐޣ‬ᣦ‫  ޤ‬ዊቇᩞ㧟ᐕℂ⑼ߩ‫ޟ‬ᄥ㓁ߣ࿾㕙ߩ᭽ሶ‫ߩޠ‬ౝኈߩ߁ߜ㧘‫ޟ‬࿾㕙ߩᥦ߆ߐ߿Ḩࠅ᳇ߩ㆑޿‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲ᷹ቯࠍਛᔃߦ㧘᝼ᬺߩᣇᴺ
ߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬නరߢቇ⠌ߔࠆౝኈߦᴪߞߚ᷷ᐲ᷹ቯࠍⴕ
߁ߚ߼ߦ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍ࿾㕙ߦᷓߊᏅߒㄟ߻ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߿㧘ᄢಽᏒ๟ㄝߦ߅
޿ߡߪߎߩනరࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆߩߦㆡߒߡ޿ࠆᤨᦼ߇  ᦬㨪 ᦬਄ᣨߢ޽ࠆߎߣ㧘᷹ቯߔࠆ႐ᚲߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ᩞᐸߥߤߩ㧝ᣣਛᄥ㓁ߩశ߇޽ߚࠆ႐ᚲ㧘ᩞ⥢ߩⵣߩᬀ߃ㄟߺ๟ㄝߥߤߩ㧝ᣣਛᄥ㓁ߩశ߇޽ߚࠄߥ޿႐ᚲࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆߣ᷷
ᐲᄌൻߩ㆑޿߇ᦨ߽ಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿ߎߣ㧘஺ߥߤߩ⵬ഥᢎౕࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߢ㧘᷷ᐲ᷹ቯ߇ⴕ޿߿ߔߊߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬‫  ޤ࠼࡯ࡢ࡯ࠠޣ‬ዊቇᩞℂ⑼ ᄥ㓁ߣ࿾㕙ߩ᭽ሶ ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲ ᜰዉᣇᴺΣ ߪߓ߼ߦ
ዊቇᩞℂ⑼ߩ࿾ቇ㗔ၞߢߪ㧘ⷰኤ߿ታ㛎ߥߤࠍㅢߓߡ㧘࿾⃿ߩౝㇱ㧔ਥߦ࿾⾰ቇ⊛ߥౝኈ㧕߿⴫㕙㧔ਥߦ᳇⽎ቇ⊛ߥౝኈ㧕㧘๟ㄝ㧔ਥߦᄤᢥቇ⊛ߥౝኈ㧕ߩၮ␆ߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣࠍᄢ߈ߥ⋡ᮡߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬㧟ᐕ↢ߩ‫ޟ‬ᄥ㓁ߣ࿾㕙ߩ᭽ሶ‫ߩޠ‬ቇ⠌ౝኈߪ㧘ሶߤ߽߇ೋ߼ߡℂ⑼ߢቇ߱࿾ቇ㗔ၞߢ޽ࠅ㧘࿾ቇ㗔ၞߩߔߴߡߩౝኈߩၮ␆ߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬නరߢߪ㧘ᣣߥߚߣᣣ㒶ߩ࿾㕙ࠍᲧセߒߥ߇ࠄᲧߴ㧘⷗޿ߛߒߚ໧㗴ࠍ⥝๧࡮㑐ᔃࠍ߽ߞߡㅊⓥߔࠆᵴേࠍㅢߒߡ㧘ᄥ㓁ߣ࿾㕙ߩ᭽ሶߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߩ⷗ᣇ߿⠨߃ᣇࠍ㙃߁ߎߣ߇⋡ᮡߢ޽ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭㧘㧕‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᄥ㓁ߣ࿾㕙ߩ᭽ሶ‫ߪޠ‬㧘ᄢ߈ߊ‫ޟ‬ᣣ㒶ߩ૏⟎ߣᄥ㓁ߩേ߈‫ޟߣޠ‬࿾㕙ߩᥦ߆ߐ߿Ḩࠅ᳇ߩ㆑޿‫ߩޠ‬ౝኈ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᑪ‛ߥߤߦࠃߞߡߢ߈ࠆᓇߩ⛮⛯⊛ߥⷰኤࠍਛᔃߦቇ⠌ࠍㅴ߼㧘㧝ᣣߩਛߢߩ࿾㕙ߩᓇߩᄌൻߣᄥ㓁ߩ૏⟎ߩᄌൻࠍߣࠄ߃ߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓟ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣣߥߚߣᣣ㒶ߩ࿾㕙ߩᥦ߆ߐ߿Ḩࠅ᳇ࠍ૕ᗵ߿᷷ᐲ⸘ߥߤߢ⺞ߴࠆᵴേߣ㧘ᦺ߆ࠄᤤߦ߆ߌߡߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆᵴേࠍਛᔃߦቇ⠌ࠍㅴ߼㧘ᣣ㒶ߣᣣߥߚߩ㆑޿߿㧘ᄥ㓁ߦࠃߞߡ࿾㕙߇ᥦ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍߣࠄ߃ߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߁ߩߎޕ‬ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 31 ᣣฃℂ㧖1 ߺߟ߉࡮ߣߊߓ ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱℂ⑼ᢎ⢒ᢎቶ
㧖2 ߎ߿߹࡮ߐߣߎ ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ㧔⃻ᚲዻ㧦ජ⪲⋵౎ජઍᏒ┙ൎ↰บዊቇᩞ㧕㧖3 ޿ߒߋࠈ࡮޽߿ߎ ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ㧔⃻ᚲዻ㧦ජ⪲⋵౎ජઍᏒ┙᧛਄᧲ዊቇᩞ㧕222ਃ ᰴ࡮ዊ ጊ࡮⍹ 㤥ߜ㧘ᓟ⠪ߩ‫ޟ‬࿾㕙ߩᥦ߆ߐ߿Ḩࠅ᳇ߩ㆑޿‫ߩޠ‬නరߢߪ㧘Ḩࠅ᳇ߩᜰዉߪߒ߿ߔ޿߽ߩߩ㧘ᥦ߆ߐߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᤨᦼ߿ᄤ୥ߦࠃߞߡᦼᓙߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐ߇಴ߥ޿ߎߣ߿㧘ሶߤ߽߇࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆ㓙ߦ߫ࠄ߫ࠄߩ⚿ᨐ߇಴ߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߥߤ߇㧘ዊቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺታ〣ߩ㓙ߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆ᳇⽎ᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥߣߒߡߪ㧘଀߃߫᭏ේ  ߿᭏ේ߶߆  ߥߤߩ᳇᷹᷷ቯߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ߿㧘ᐔ᧻  ߥߤߩ᳇⽎ᖱႎߩᵴ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ㧘ጊፒ߶߆ ߥߤߩఽ┬ߩ᳇⽎ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂ࠍ⺞ᩏߒߚ߽ߩ㧘ട⮮  ߥߤߩኾ㐷⊛ߥ⑼ቇౝኈ߆ࠄߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߥߤ߇޽ࠆ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ዊቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ቇ㗔ၞߩᢎ⢒ታ〣ߦኻߒߡ᦭↪ߥᖱႎࠍਈ߃ߡߪ޿ࠆ߇㧘਄⸥ߩ໧㗴ߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥ⸃᳿ߦߪߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߘߩߚ߼ᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪ㧘ᣣߥߚߣᣣ㒶ߩ࿾㕙ߩᥦ߆ߐߩ㆑޿߿㧘࿾㕙ߩᥦ߆ߐߩᤨ㑆⊛ߥᄌൻߦὶὐࠍ⛉ࠅ㧘ዊቇᩞߢቇ⠌ߔࠆౝኈߦᴪߞߚ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲ᷹ቯ߿ታᣉᣣ㧘᝼ᬺዷ㐿ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ࠍߔߔ߼ߡ޿ߊ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬ᢥߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪ㧘⪺⠪ߩ߁ߜዊጊ߅ࠃ߮⍹㤥ߩᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱතᬺ⺰ᢥࠍ߽ߣߦߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ਃᰴ߇ߘߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍᢛℂߒߡ⺰ᢥߣߒߡ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Τ ⎇ⓥᣇᴺ
1 ᷹ቯᣣᤨ࡮႐ᚲ ᐕ  ᦬߆ࠄ  ᐕ  ᦬ߦ߆ߌߡ㧘᥍ࠇ߹ߚߪᦅࠅߩᣣߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᣣߥߚߣᣣ㒶ߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻࠍ㧘 ᤨ  ಽ㨪 ᤨ  ಽ߹ߢ㧝ᤨ㑆ߏߣߦ᷹ቯߒߚ‫ᤨߩߎޕ‬㑆Ꮺߪ㧘ዊቇᩞ㧟ᐕ↢ߩቇᩞ↢ᵴߦ߅ߌࠆᤨ㑆Ꮺߦวࠊߖߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᷷ᐲ᷹ቯߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣣߥߚ㧞▎ᚲ㧘ᣣ㒶㧞▎ᚲߢⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣߥߚߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣣߥߚԘ㧘ԙߩ޿ߕࠇ߽  ᐕ  ᦬ߦᢝ޿ߚ⌀⍾࿯ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᣣߥߚԙߦߟ޿ߡߪઃㄭߦᬀ‛߇޽ࠆ㧔࿑㧝㧕‫ޕ‬ᣣ㒶ߩ᷹ቯ႐ᚲߪᐢ⪲᮸ߩᩮᧄઃㄭߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᣣ㒶Ԙߪᣣߥߚߣห᭽ߩ⌀⍾࿯ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᣣ㒶ԙߪ⴫㕙߇ᵆߩ࿯ფ㧔࿑㧞㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߕ޿ޕ‬ࠇ߽ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱߩᑪ‛๟ㄝߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ዊቇᩞߦ߅޿ߡ᷹ቯߔࠆ႐ᚲߣหߓࠃ߁ߥ࿾㕙ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧘ᣣߥߚԘߪᩞᐸߩਛᄩ㧘ᣣߥߚԙߪᩞᐸߩ㓈㧘ᣣ㒶ԘߪᩞᐸߢᏱߦᩞ⥢ߩ㒶ߣߥࠆ႐ᚲߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᣣ㒶ԙߪᩞ⥢ߩ㒶ߩᬀ߃ㄟߺߣ⟎߈឵߃ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘ᧄ᧪ߪ㧝ᐕ㑆ࠍㅢߓߚ᷷ᐲ᷹ቯ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘 ᦬߆ࠄ  ᦬ߦ߆ߌߡߪ㧘⚛
᧚ߩ㑐ଥߢߎߩᤨᦼߒ߆ߢ߈ߥ޿ᬀ‛ߩ⢒ߜᣇ߿᣸⯻ߥߤߩ↢‛㗔ၞߩቇ⠌ࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘ℂ⑼ߩቇ⠌ߦߥࠇߡ߈ߚ  ᦬߆ࠄ  ᦬ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘㔚᳇߿⏛⍹ߥߤ‛ℂ㗔ၞߩቇ⠌ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ታ㓙ߦዊቇᩞߦ߅޿ߡߎߩනరࠍታ〣ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿ᦼ㑆㧔 ᦬߆ࠄ  ᦬㧕ߦ⛉ߞߡ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬2 ᷹ቯᣇᴺᚻߢ᷹ቯ࿾ὐߩ࿯ࠍᨵࠄ߆ߊ߶ߋߒ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘㧔ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞᫔᷷ᐲ⸘㧕ࠍᢳ߼ߦᝌߔ‫ᤨߩߎޕ‬㧘࿾㕙ࠍ 㨪EO ߶ߤជߞߡᷓߊᝌߔ႐วߣ᷷ᐲ⸘ߩవ┵ߩᶧߛ߼ㇱಽ߇ඨಽ㓝ࠇࠆߊࠄ޿ߦᵻߊᝌߔ႐วߩ㧞ㅢࠅࠍ↪ᗧߔࠆ㧔࿑㧟㧕‫ޕ‬ᄢಽ⋵ౝߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆዊቇᩞᢎ⑼ᦠ㧔ᚭ↰߶߆㧘㧕ߢߪ㧘࿾㕙᷷ᐲߩ᷹ቯᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡ㧘‫ޟ‬࿯ࠍዋߒ߶ߞߚߣߎࠈߦᶧߛ߼ࠍ౉ࠇ㧘࿯ࠍ߆߱ߖࠆ‫߇ࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ⸥ߣޠޕ‬㧘ߘߩ⒟ᐲߦߟ޿ߡߪౕ૕⊛ߥᜰ␜ߪߥ޿‫੍ޕ‬஻ታ㛎ߦࠃࠅ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍ౉ࠇࠆᷓߐߦࠃߞߡ᷷ᐲߩ㆑޿߇⷗ࠄࠇߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍᷓߊᝌߔ႐วߣᵻߊᝌߔ႐วߩ㧞ㅢࠅߢ᷹ቯࠍⴕ޿㧘ߤߜࠄߩᣇᴺ߇ሶߤ߽ߦᜰዉߔࠆߩߦㆡಾ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᬌ⸽ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊቇᩞℂ⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾㕙᷷ᐲ᷹ቯߩᜰዉᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥ223

  ࿑㧝 ᣣߥߚߩ᷹ቯ႐ᚲ㧔Ꮐ౮⌀㧦ᣣߥߚԘ㧘ฝ౮⌀㧦ᣣߥߚԙ㧕ᣣߥߚԘ㧦࿾㕙ߪᨵࠄ߆ߊኈᤃߦជࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࠅ߅ߡߒ῎ੇޕ‬㧘⊕⦡ࠍ๒ߔࠆ⌀⍾࿯ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣߥߚԙ㧦࿾㕙ߪ⎬ߊជࠅߦߊ޿‫ࠅ߅ߡߒ῎ੇޕ‬㧘⊕⦡ࠍ๒ߔࠆ⌀⍾࿯ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬  ࿑㧞 ᣣ㒶ߩ᷹ቯ႐ᚲ㧔Ꮐ౮⌀㧦ᣣ㒶Ԙ㧘ฝ౮⌀㧦ᣣ㒶ԙ㧕ᣣ㒶Ԙ㧦⴫㕙ߪ᷆ⶊ⦡⌀⍾࿯ߢ㧘ᧁ㒶ߢ޽ࠆ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ᤨ㑆Ꮺߦࠃࠅᓇߩะ߈߇ᄙዋᄌൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࿯ߪᨵࠄ߆ߊ㧘ੇ῎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣ㒶ԙ㧦⴫㕙ߪⶊ⦡ߩᵆߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᩞ⥢߿ᧁߦⷒࠊࠇ㧘৻ᣣਛᣣ㒶ߩ⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚻߢ⸅ࠆߣḨࠅ᳇߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࿑㧟 ᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍ↪޿ߚ࿾㕙᷷ᐲߩ᷹ቯ㧔Ꮐ౮⌀㧦ᷓߊᝌߒߚ႐ว㧘ฝ౮⌀㧦ᵻߊᝌߒߚ႐ว㧕᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍ࿾㕙ߦᝌߒ㧘࿯ࠍⵍߖߚࠄ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ߦ⋥኿ᣣశ߇ᒰߚࠄߥ޿ࠃ߁㧘⚕ߩ߅߅޿ߢᣣశࠍߐ߃߉ࠆ‫ ޕ‬ಽߊࠄ޿⚻ㆊߒ᷷ᐲ߇቟ቯߒߡ߈ߚࠄ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ߩ⋡⋓ࠅࠍ⺒ߺขࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦሶߤ߽㆐ߦᜰዉߔࠆ㓙ߦߪ㧘⋡⋓ࠅߦㄭ޿߶߁ߩᢙ୯ࠍ⺒߹ߖ㧘ዊᢙὐ╙㧝૏߹ߢߪ⺒ߺขࠄߥ޿ߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘੹࿁ߪࠃࠅᱜ⏕ߥ࠺࡯࠲ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼㧘ዊᢙὐ╙㧝૏߹ߢ⋡⋓ࠅࠍ⺒ࠎߢ᷹ቯࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬224ਃ ᰴ࡮ዊ ጊ࡮⍹ 㤥Υ ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐਥߦ㧘⴫㧝ߦ␜ߔᦼ㑆Ԙ㨪ԟߩ᥍ࠇ߹ߚߪᦅࠅߩᣣߦ߅޿ߡ᷷ᐲ᷹ቯࠍⴕߞߚ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘 ᦬ਅᣨߦ߅޿ߡ߽᷷ᐲ᷹ቯࠍⴕߞߚ߇㧘ᄤ୥߇቟ቯߖߕ⛮⛯⊛ߥ࠺࡯࠲ߪขࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬᷷ᐲ⸘ߩᝌߒᣇߦࠃࠆ㆑޿ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘 ᦬ߪฦ࿾ὐߢᄢ߈ߊ㧘 ᦬એ㒠ዊߐߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘ߤߩᦼ㑆ߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘ᣣߥߚԘߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲ߇Ᏹߦ৻⇟㜞ߊ㧘ᣣ㒶ԙߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲ߇Ᏹߦ৻⇟ૐ߆ߞߚ㧔࿑㧠㧘㧡㧕‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ㧘ᄤ᳇೎ߦ⚿ᨐࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ᄤ᳇߇᥍ࠇߩ႐วߪ  ᦬ߩᣣߥߚԘߣᣣ㒶ԙߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲᏅ߇৻⇟ᄢ߈ߊ ͠߶ߤߩᏅ߇⷗ࠄࠇ㧘 ᦬ߦㄭߠߊߦߟࠇߡ㧘ߘߩ⴫㧝 ਥߦ᷷ᐲ᷹ቯࠍⴕߞߚᦼ㑆ᦼ㑆᷷ᐲ᷹ቯᣣ᷷ᐲ᷹ቯᣣߩᄤ᳇㧖ᦼ㑆Ԙ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᦬  ᣣߩ㑆ߩ  ᣣ᥍ࠇ  ᣣ㧘ᦅࠅ  ᣣᦼ㑆ԙ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᦬  ᣣߩ㑆ߩ  ᣣ᥍ࠇ  ᣣ㧘ᦅࠅ  ᣣᦼ㑆Ԛ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᦬  ᣣߩ㑆ߩ  ᣣ᥍ࠇ  ᣣ㧘ᦅࠅ  ᣣᦼ㑆ԛ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᦬  ᣣߩ㑆ߩ  ᣣ᥍ࠇ  ᣣ㧘ᦅࠅ  ᣣᦼ㑆Ԝ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᦬  ᣣߩ㑆ߩ  ᣣ᥍ࠇ  ᣣ㧘ᦅࠅ  ᣣᦼ㑆ԝ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᦬  ᣣߩ㑆ߩ  ᣣ᥍ࠇ  ᣣ㧘ᦅࠅ  ᣣᦼ㑆Ԟ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᦬  ᣣߩ㑆ߩ  ᣣ᥍ࠇ  ᣣᦼ㑆ԟ  ᐕ  ᦬ 㨪 ᦬  ᣣߩ㑆ߩ  ᣣ᥍ࠇ  ᣣ㧘ᦅࠅ  ᣣ㧔㧖᷷ᐲ᷹ቯᣣߩᄤ᳇ߪ㧘᷹ቯᣣߩ  ᤨ  ಽᤨὐߩᄤ᳇ࠍၮḰߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕ᷓ޿ᷓ޿ᵻ޿ᵻ޿᳇᷷᳇᷷    ᷓ޿    ᷓ޿ᵻ޿ᵻ޿᳇᷷᳇᷷         ࿑㧠 ᦼ㑆Ԙ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧘᥍ࠇ㧕ߩ᷹ቯ႐ᚲߦ߅ߌࠆ᷷ᐲᄌൻߩ଀㧔න૏㧦͠㧕Ꮐ਄㧦ᣣߥߚԘ ฝ਄㧦ᣣ㒶Ԙ Ꮐਅ㧦ᣣߥߚԙ ฝਅ㧦ᣣ㒶ԙ225

ዊቇᩞℂ⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾㕙᷷ᐲ᷹ቯߩᜰዉᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥᷓ޿ᷓ޿ᵻ޿ᵻ޿᳇᷷᳇᷷        ᷓ޿ᷓ޿ᵻ޿ᵻ޿᳇᷷᳇᷷         ࿑㧡 ᦼ㑆Ԛ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧘᥍ࠇ㧕ߩ᷹ቯ႐ᚲߦ߅ߌࠆ᷷ᐲᄌൻߩ଀㧔න૏㧦͠㧕Ꮐ਄㧦ᣣߥߚԘ ฝ਄㧦ᣣ㒶Ԙ Ꮐਅ㧦ᣣߥߚԙ ฝਅ㧦ᣣ㒶ԙᣣߥߚԘᣣߥߚԘᣣ㒶ԙᣣ㒶ԙ᳇᷷᳇᷷          ࿑㧢 ᦼ㑆Ԙߦ߅ߌࠆ᥍ࠇߩᣣߣᦅࠅߩᣣߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻߩ㆑޿㧔න૏㧦͠㧕Ꮐ㧦᥍ࠇߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕 ฝ㧦ᦅࠅߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕ᣣߥߚԘᣣߥߚԘᣣ㒶ԙᣣ㒶ԙ᳇᷷᳇᷷          ࿑㧣 ᦼ㑆ԙߦ߅ߌࠆ᥍ࠇߩᣣߣᦅࠅߩᣣߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻߩ㆑޿㧔න૏㧦͠㧕Ꮐ㧦᥍ࠇߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕 ฝ㧦ᦅࠅߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕226ਃ ᰴ࡮ዊ ጊ࡮⍹ 㤥ᣣߥߚԘᣣߥߚԘᣣ㒶ԙᣣ㒶ԙ᳇᷷᳇᷷          ࿑㧤 ᦼ㑆Ԛߦ߅ߌࠆ᥍ࠇߩᣣߣᦅࠅߩᣣߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻߩ㆑޿㧔න૏㧦͠㧕Ꮐ㧦᥍ࠇߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕 ฝ㧦ᦅࠅߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕ᣣߥߚԘᣣߥߚԘᣣ㒶ԙᣣ㒶ԙ᳇᷷᳇᷷          ࿑㧥 ᦼ㑆ԝߦ߅ߌࠆ᥍ࠇߩᣣߣᦅࠅߩᣣߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻߩ㆑޿㧔න૏㧦͠㧕Ꮐ㧦᥍ࠇߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕 ฝ㧦ᦅࠅߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕ᣣߥߚԘᣣߥߚԘᣣ㒶ԙᣣ㒶ԙ᳇᷷᳇᷷          ࿑  ᦼ㑆ԟߦ߅ߌࠆ᥍ࠇߩᣣߣᦅࠅߩᣣߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻߩ㆑޿㧔න૏㧦͠㧕Ꮐ㧦᥍ࠇߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕 ฝ㧦ᦅࠅߩᣣ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ㧕Ꮕߪߒߛ޿ߦዊߐߊߥࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘 ᦬ߦߥࠆߣ㧘߹ߚ ͠߶ߤߩᏅ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᄤ᳇߇ᦅࠅߩ႐วߪ㧘ᣣߥߚԘ㧘ᣣ㒶ԙߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲᏅߪ᥍ࠇߩᣣߦᲧߴߡዊߐ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ࠣ࡜ࡈߩᒻߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆߣ㧘ᄤ᳇߇᥍ࠇߩ႐ว㧘ᣣߥߚߪ㧘ߤߩ᦬߽  ߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲ߇৻⇟ૐߊ㧘㨪 ߇㜞޿ጊဳߩࠣ࡜ࡈߦߥߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᣣ㒶ߪࠁࠆ߿߆ߥฝ਄߇ࠅߩࠣ࡜ࡈߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄤ᳇߇ᦅࠅߩ႐วߪ㧘᥍ࠇߩᣣߦᲧߴࠆߣᤨ㑆ߦࠃߞߡߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻ߇ዊߐߊ  ߦ߻ߌߡࠁࠆ߿߆ߦ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲ߇਄߇ߞߡ޿ࠆࠣ࡜ࡈߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬㧔࿑㧢㨪㧕ዊቇᩞℂ⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾㕙᷷ᐲ᷹ቯߩᜰዉᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥ227Φ ⠨ኤ1 ᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍ↪޿ߚ⸘᷹ᣇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤ᷷ᐲ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲ߇਄᣹ߔࠆߣ㧘᳇߽᷷ห᭽ߦ਄᣹ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇߪ㧘ᄥ㓁ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߦࠃࠆᾲユ኿ߦࠃߞߡ࿾㕙߇ᥦ߼ࠄࠇ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐᾲኻᵹߩᓇ㗀ߢ᳇᷷߇਄᣹ߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߡߞࠃޕ‬㧘᳇᷷ߣ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻߦߪ㧘ኒធߥ㑐ଥᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇⸒߃ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍᷓߊᝌߔ႐วߣᵻߊᝌߔ႐วߢߪ㧘 ᦬ߦ߅޿ߡ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐߦᏅ߇ᄢ߈ߊ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑㧠㧕‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲ߇ᷓߐߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆߎߣ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘ᾲユ኿ߣᾲኻᵹߩᓇ㗀߽޽ࠆߎߣ߇ផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍᵻߊᝌߒߚ႐ว㧘ᶧߛ߼ㇱಽ߇ඨಽ⒟࿾㕙߆ࠄߢߡ߅ࠅ㧘ⓨ᳇ߦ⸅ࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ᾲユ኿ߦࠃߞߡᥦ߼ࠄࠇߚ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲߩઁߦ㧘ᾲኻᵹߦࠃࠆ᳇᷷ߩᓇ㗀߿ᶧߛ߼ㇱಽߦ⋥ធടࠊࠆᾲユ኿ߩᓇ㗀߇಴ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫᦬ ޕ‬એ㒠㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍᵻߊᝌߒߚ႐วߣᷓߊᝌߒߚ႐วߩ᷷ᐲߩ୯ߦߪᄢ߈ߥᏅ߇⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿㧔࿑㧡㧕ߩߪ㧘ᷓߐߦࠃࠆ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲߩ㆑޿߇ዊߐ޿ߎߣߦട߃㧘 ᦬ߦᲧߴߡᄥ㓁ߩᾖ኿㊂߇ᷫࠅ㧘਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥᓇ㗀߇ዋߥߊߥߞߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊቇᩞᢎ⑼ᦠߢߪ㧘࿾㕙᷷ᐲߩౕ૕⊛ߥ᷹ቯᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߩ⸥ㅀ߇ߥ޿߇㧘੹࿁ߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄߪ㧘ᶧߛ߼߇ోㇱ㓝ࠇࠆߊࠄ޿ᷓߊᝌߒߚᣇ߇㧘ߎߩනరߢቇ⠌ߔࠆౝኈߦᴪߞߚ᷷ᐲߩ᷹ቯ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ዊቇᩞᢎ⻀߇ߎߩනరࠍᜰዉߔࠆ㓙㧘ࠢ࡜ࠬౝߢ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐߦ߫ࠄߟ߈߇಴ࠆߣ޿߁໧㗴ὐ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬໧㗴ὐߩᡷༀߩߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ᷷ᐲ᷹ቯߩᣇᴺࠍᔀᐩߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬2 ᝼ᬺߩታᣉᣣ߿ᄤ᳇ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤᄤ᳇ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᦅࠅߩ႐วߪᣣߥߚ㧘ᣣ㒶ߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲᏅ߽ߐ߶ߤ⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬᥍ࠇߩᣣߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘ᣣߥߚߣᣣ㒶ߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲᏅ߇ 㨪͠߶ߤᤨ㑆Ꮺߦࠃߞߡߺࠄࠇࠆ㧔࿑㧢㨪㧤㧘࿑ 㧕‫ޕ‬࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲߦ߅ߌࠆࠣ࡜ࡈߩᒻߦᵈ⋡ߒߡߺߡ߽㧘ᄤ᳇߇᥍ࠇߩ႐วߛߣ㧘ᣣߥߚߢ ߩ᷷ᐲ߇৻⇟ૐߊ㧘㨪 ߩ᷷ᐲ߇৻⇟㜞޿㧘߈ࠇ޿ߥጊᒻߩࠣ࡜ࡈ߇߶ߣࠎߤߩᦼ㑆ߢߺࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠄ߆ߣߎߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㧘᷷ᐲ᷹ቯࠍታᣉߔࠆߩߪ㧘᥍ࠇߩᣣ߇ᅢ߹ߒ޿ߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߪߡ޿ߟߦᦼᤨޕ‬㧘 ᦬ߦㄭߠߊߦߟࠇߡ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲᏅ߽ߘߩᏅ߇ዊߐߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᄥ㓁ߩᾖ኿㊂߇ᄙߊ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃࠆᾲユ኿ߩᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ  ᦬ߩߪߓ߼߹ߢ߇ᅢ߹ߒ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘 ᦬ߩਛᣨߦߥࠆߣ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲᏅ߇ౣ߮ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ߘࠇએ㒠ߢ߽ㆡߒߡ޿ࠆᣣ߇޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ‫ޟ‬ᄥ㓁ߣ࿾㕙ߩ᭽ሶ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦޠ‬නరߪ㧘ᣣߥߚߣᣣ㒶ߩ㆑޿ࠍ㧘ታ㓙ߦ᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍ૶ߞߡ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲࠍߪ߆ࠆߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ᚻ߿⿷ߢ࿾㕙ߦ⸅ࠇࠆߥߤ૕ᗵࠍㅢߒߡᗵߓߣࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ߽㧘⷗಴ߒߡ᰼ߒ޿ᢎ᧚ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘ᣣߥߚԘߣᣣ㒶ԙߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘᳇᷷Ꮕߩᄢ߈޿႐ᚲࠍ᷹ቯߩ႐ᚲߣߒߡ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘᳇᷷ߩ㆑޿ࠍᚻ߿⿷ߢ࿾㕙ߦ⸅ࠇࠆߎߣߢ૕ᗵߒ߿ߔߊߔࠆᎿᄦ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬3 ᢎౕ߿᝼ᬺ⸘↹ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤሶߤ߽ߚߜߪ㧘᷹ቯߩ㓙ߦ᫔᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍ৻ቯߩᷓߐߢ࿾㕙ߦᝌߒㄟ߹ߥ߆ߞߚࠅߔࠆએᄖߦ߽㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ߩ୯ࠍ⺒ߺขࠆ㓙ߦᱜ㕙߆ࠄ⺒ߺߣࠄߕ㧘ᤨ㑆Ꮺߦࠃߞߡⷺᐲࠍᄌ߃ߚࠅߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ᷷ᐲߩ⺒ߺ㑆㆑޿߇↢ߓࠆߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ዊቇᩞᢎ⑼ᦠ㧔ᚭ↰߶߆㧘㧕ߢ228ਃ ᰴ࡮ዊ ጊ࡮⍹ 㤥ߪ㧘࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲࠍߪ߆ࠆ㓙ߦᄥ㓁ߩశ߇᷷ᐲ⸘ߦ޽ߚࠄߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ߦ┻ߥߤߢⷒ޿ࠍߔࠆߎߣ߇⴫⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⎇ⓥߢ߽ߘࠇߣหߓᣇᴺߢⴕߞߚ߇㧘ዊቇᩞߩታ〣ߢߪ⸥㍳ࡁ࡯࠻ߥߤߢ◲ᤃ⊛ߦ᷷ᐲ⸘ߦⷒ޿ࠍߒ㧘᷷ᐲࠍ᷹ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ᣣ㒶ߩ૏⟎ߩᄌൻߣᄥ㓁ߩേ߈ߦᵈ⋡ߢ߈ߕߦ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ߦ⋥኿ᣣశࠍᒰߡߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘஺ߩᨩߦ᷷ᐲ⸘㧘஺ߩ਄ߩవ┵ߦᄥ㓁ߩઍࠊࠅߣߥࠆ߽ߩ㧔ᄥ㓁ߩᮨဳ㧕ࠍߟߌߚᢎ᧚ߩ૶↪ࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ㧔࿑ 㧕‫ޕ‬᷷ᐲ⸘ߪ㧘஺ࠍ࿾㕙ߦ⟎޿ߚ㓙ߦ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ߩᶧߛ߼ㇱಽ߇ቢోߦၒ߹ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⠨ᘦߒߡขࠅઃߌࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄥ㓁ߩᮨဳࠍ㧘ታ㓙ߩᄥ㓁ߩะ߈ߦวࠊߖߡ⸘᷹ࠍⴕ߁ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘஺߇ߜࠂ߁ߤ᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍⷒ߁ࠃ߁ߦᓇߣߥࠆ‫ߎޕ‬߁ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ߦ⋥ធᣣశࠍᒰߡࠆߎߣߥߊ㧘߹ߚ㧘৻ቯߩⷺᐲ࡮ᷓߐߢ㧘᷹ቯࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ߡߞࠃޕ‬㧘᷷ᐲ⸘ࠍ⺒ߺขࠆ㓙ߩ⺋Ꮕ߇ዋߥߊߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ߎߩหߓනరߢ㧘ᄥ㓁ߩ૏⟎ߩᄌൻࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߎߩᢎ᧚ߪ㧘ሶߤ߽㆐⥄り߇㧘஺ࠍታ㓙ߦᄥ㓁ߩะ߈ߦวࠊߖߥ߇ࠄ᷹ቯࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߊߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᄥ㓁ߩേ߈ߦ᳇ߠ߈߿ߔ޿‫ޕ‬ ࿑  ឭ᩺ߔࠆᢎౕ㧔Ꮐ౮⌀㧦஺ߩవ┵ߩᄥ㓁ᮨဳ㧘ฝ౮⌀㧦஺ߩᨩߦ⸳⟎ߒߚ᷷ᐲ⸘㧕ߥ߅㧘ߎߩᢎ᧚ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆᤨߪ㧘ዊቇᩞᢎ⑼ᦠ㧔ᚭ↰߶߆㧘㧕ߩ㗅ᐨߣߪㅒߦߒߡߺࠆߩ߇ലᨐ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᄥ㓁ߩశߩߪߚࠄ߈ࠍߒࠄߴࠃ߁‫ߡ޿߅ߦޠ‬㧘ሶߤ߽ߪ㧘ᣣߥߚߣᣣ㒶ߩ࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲࠍ᷹ቯߒ㧘࿾㕙ߪᄥ㓁ߦࠃߞߡᥦ߼ࠄࠇ㧘ᣣߥߚߣᣣ㒶ߢߪ࿾㕙ߩᥦ߆ߐ߿Ḩࠅ᳇ߦ㆑޿߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍᛒ߁‫ޕ‬หᤨߦ㧘஺ߩవ┵ߩേ߈ߣ㒶ߩᄌൻߦࠃࠅ㧘ᄥ㓁߇േ޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ㑐ଥઃߌߡ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴ޿ߢ㧘‫ޟ‬ᄥ㓁ߩേ߈ࠍߒࠄߴࠃ߁‫޿߅ߦޠ‬ߡߩቇ⠌ߢ㧘หߓ‛ߩᓇߩേ߈ࠍ㧘ᣇ૏⏛㊎ࠍ૶ߞߡ㧘ⷰኤߒ㧘ᓇߩะ߈߇㧘ᤨ㑆߇ߚߟߦߟࠇߡᄌࠊߞߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ㧘ᄥ㓁ߩേ߈ߣ㑐ଥߠߌߡ⠨߃ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ቇ⠌ߩ㗅ᐨߦߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ࠃࠅࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߦᣣ㒶ߩ૏⟎߇㧘ᤨ㑆߇ߚߟߦߟࠇᄌࠊࠆߩߪᄥ㓁߇߁ߏ޿ߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ߩߘޕ‬㓙ߦ㧘వߦឭ᩺ߒߚᢎౕߩవ┵ߦߟ޿ߚᄥ㓁ᮨဳ߇㧘ⷞⷡ⊛ߦᄥ㓁ߩᣇ૏ࠍ␜ߔߩߦ᦭ലߦߥࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᄥ㓁ߩశߩߪߚࠄ߈ࠍߒࠄߴࠃ߁‫ޠ‬ࠍవߦߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘࿾㕙ߩ᷷ᐲࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆᤨᦼߦ߅޿ߡ߽߹ߛ㧘ᄥ㓁ߩᾖ኿㊂߇Ყセ⊛ᄙ޿ ᦬ߦቇ⠌ࠍᆎ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊቇᩞℂ⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾㕙᷷ᐲ᷹ቯߩᜰዉᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥ

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ਃ ᰴ࡮ዊ ጊ࡮⍹ 㤥

Practical Research on the Teaching of MeteorologicalObservations of the Ground Temperature in Elementary
School Sciencĕ In Particular concerning the Teaching of “the State of the Sun and theGround” ̆MITSUGI, T., KOYAMA,S. and ISHIGURO, A.

Abstract
We discussed and studied methods for teaching “the state of the sun
and the ground” section in the contents of the third-grade elementary
school class.

We focused maily on thermometry of the ground in relation

to “the differences of warmth and moisture of the ground”.
the following:ground.

We clarified

It is necessary to place the thermometer deeply in theAround Oita City the suitable period to learn this unit is from

September to the beginning of November.

It is easiest to observe thedifferent changes of temperature if measurements are taken in theplayground or behind the school buildings.

Thermometry may be easiest

to carry out with the help of teaching aids such as umbrellas.
䇼Key words‫  ޤ‬elementary school science, state of sun and ground,temperature of ground, guidance method