Ⅱ

Current Status ofLight Sources andBeamlinesⅡ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

Light Source in 2013
1. Status of UVSOR Accelerators
In the fiscal year 2013, we operated UVSOR-III
from June to February, for 35 weeks for users, which
is one week shorter than usual. This shorter operation
period was due to the shutdown in April and May
2013 and in March 2014. The former was for aninspection of the main RF cavity and the latter wasfor a upgrade program on the beam-line BL5U, which
included a upgrade on the undulator U5, both ofwhich will be described later.
We operated the machine for 33 weeks in themulti-bunch top-up mode, in which the beam current
was kept at 300 mA with the top-up injection, and 2
weeks in the single-bunch/multi-bunch hybrid mode,in which the machine is operated in single-bunch
top-up mode during daytime and in the multi-bunch
top-up mode during nighttime. The beam current in
the single bunch mode is also kept constant at 50 mA
with the top-up injection. The monthly statistics ofthe operation time and the integrated beam current are
shown in Fig. 1.

2. Improvements and Developments
Vacuum Pressure Rise in the Main RF Cavity
In 2012, we observed pressure rises in the RF
accelerating cavity during the operation, to 10-6 Pa
level, which was much higher than the normal value
around 10-7 Pa. Soon, we found that the rises could be
avoided by increasing the RF voltage to a certain
level. However, month by month, the level was
getting higher and higher. Therefore, we decided toopen the cavity and to inspect its inside. In April
2013, the cavity was removed from the ring and thebig flange was opened as shown in Fig. 2. We foundsome contamination inside. It was oil-like material
and its origin is still unknown. We wiped out themand reconstructed the cavity. After setting it to thering, we baked the cavity at around 200 degree C,
which was higher than before. After this work, wefound that the pressure rise was almost completely
suppressed. After one year operation, we found no
problem anymore.

Fig. 2. Main RF Cavity under inspection

Fig. 1. Monthly statistics in FY2013.

Reconstruction of BL5U Polarization Variable
Undulator
The undulator for BL5U was designed andconstructed in 1996 to provides polarization variable
synchrotron radiation to the BL5U beam-line and also
to work for the resonator free electron laser as an
optical klystron. Since a new optical klystron has
been constructed and installed last year at the straightsection #1, we decided to remodel this undulator to anormal undulator with higher brightness. The oldundulator had three magnet arrays on each pole toproduce helical and horizontal linear polarized light.
In March 2014, we have changed this magnetic
configuration to the APPLE-II one with a shorter
period length, 60 mm, as utlizing the present
mechanical frame (Fig. 3). The magnetic fieldmeasurement was also carried out in the storage ring.
The new undulator will be commissioned in May,2014.

The weekly operation schedule is as follows. On
Monday, from 9 am to 9 pm, the machine is operated
for machine studies. On Tuesday and Wednesday,from 9am to 9pm, the machine is operated for users.
From Thursday 9am to Friday 9pm, the machine isoperated for 36 hours continuously for users. Thus,
the beam time for users in a week is 60 hours.
Usually, we have a few weeks dedicated for machine
study, however, in 2013, we did not have them tokeep the beam time for users against the rather long
shutdowns.
In this fiscal year, we had a few machine troubles
on the injector, on the control system and on thereference signal generator. The last one caused
sudden beam losses a few times a day. However,
fortunately, in all cases the beam time for users could
be secured by extending the operation time in thesame weeks.

9ⅡⅡ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

Electron gun developments towards future quantum
beam sources
Electron guns of two types are being developed.
One is a spin polarized electron gun. This is being
developed
towards
inversephoto-electron
spectroscopy in collaboration with Nagoya University.
In FY2013, we have developed a measurement
system for temporal response of the gun [1] and a
Wien filter to transport the polarized beam [2].
Another electron gun is a superconducting
photocathode one towards future high repetition rate
free electron laser. At UVSOR, the photocathode partis mainly being developed, in collaboration with KEK[3].

ⅡReferences[1] T. Inagaki et al., in these reports[2] Y. Kajiura et al., in these reports[3] R. Inagaki et al., in these reports
Masahiro KATOH

Fig. 3. New U5 undulator and beam duct just before
installation (upper) and new magnet configuration(lower).

10(UVSOR Facility)Ⅱ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

UVSOR Accelerator Complex
Injection Linear Accelerator

Booster Synchrotron

EnergyLengthFrequency
Accelerating RF Field
Klystron Power
Energy Spread
Repetition Rate

EnergyInjection
Beam CurrentCircumference
RF Frequency
Harmonic Number
Bending Radius
Lattice
Betatron Tune
Horizontal
Vertical
Momentum Compaction
Repetition Rate

15 MeV
2.5 m
2856 MHz
2π/3 Traveling Wave
1.8 MW
~1.6 MeV
2.6 HzUVSOR-III Storage-Ring
Energy
750 MeV
Injection Energy
750 MeV
Maximum Storage Current 500 mA (multi bunch)
100 mA (single bunch)
Normal operation current 300 mA (multi bunch)(Top-up mode)
50 mA (single bunch)
Natural Emittance
17.5 nm-radCircumference53.2 m
RF Frequency
90.1 MHz
Harmonic Number
16
Bending Radius
2.2 m
LatticeExtended DBA×4
Straight Section
(4 m×4)+(1.5 m×4)
RF Voltage
120 kV
Betatron Tune
Horizontal
3.75
Vertical
3.20
Momentum Compaction 0.030
Natural Chromaticity
Horizontal-8.1
Vertical
-7.3
Energy Spread
5.26×10-4
Coupling Ratio
1%
Natural Bunch Length
128 ps

750 MeV
15 MeV
32 mA (uniform filling)
26.6 m90.1 MHz8
1.8m
FODO×8

15 MeV
Linear
Accelerator
750 MeV
Booster
Synchrotron

2.25
1.25
0.138
1 Hz (750 MeV)

BL6U
BL1U

BL5B
BL5U

BL6B

BL7U

BL4B

3rd
Harmonic cavity
Main Cavity

BL7B

BL4U

750 MeVElectron
Storage Ring
BL3B
BL3U

BL8B
BL1U

Electron Beam Optics of UVSOR-III Storage Ring
betax

betay

etax

Horizontal/verticalbetatron functions
0.8
and dispersion function
0.6

20

0.4

10

0

0.2

0

10

20

30

Position (m)

40

50

0

0.3
Sx
Sy

0.5

Sxp
Syp

0.25

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.15

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.05

0

0

10

20

30

Position (m)

11

40

50

0

Horizontal/verticalelectron beam sizeand beam divergences

σ' (mrad)

30

BL2B

BL2A

0.6

ηx

βx, βy (m)

40

BL1B

FULLUVSOR_ctwi

1

σ (mm)50

ⅡⅡ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

Insertion Device
Brilliance of radiationfrom the insertion devices(U3, U4, U5, U6 and U7)
and a bending magnet
of UVSOR-IIIⅡ

U1 Apple-II Undulator /U5 Helical Undulator/ Optical Klystron

Optical Klystron
Number of Periods
Period lengthPole LengthPole Gap
Deflection Parameter

Number of Periods
Period lengthPole LengthPole Gap
Deflection Parameter

10 + 10
88 mm
0.968 m + 0.968 m
24-200 mm
7.36 (Max. Horizontal)
4.93 (Max. Vertical)
4.06 (Max. Helical)

U3 In-vacuum Undulator
Number of Periods
Period lengthPole LengthPole Gap
Deflection Parameter

50
38 mm
1.9 m
15-40 mm2.0-0.24

U6 In-vacuum Undulator
Number of Periods
Period lengthPole LengthPole Gap
Deflection Parameter

26
36 mm
0.94 m
13-40 mm1.78 - 0.19

U7 Apple-II
Variable Polarization Undulator
Number of Periods
40Period length
76 mm
Pole Length
3.04 mPole Gap
24-200 mm
Deflection Parameter
5.4 (Max. Horizontal)
3.6 (Max. Vertical)
3.0 (Max. Helical)

U4 In-vacuum Undulator
Number of Periods
Period lengthPole LengthPole Gap
Deflection Parameter

21 / 9+9 (Opt. Kly.)
110 mm2.35 m
30-150 mm
4.6-0.07 (Helical)
8.5-0.15 (Linear)

26
38 mm
0.99 m
13-40 mm2.4-0.19

Bending Magnets
Bending Radius
Critical Energy

12

2.2 m
425 eVⅡ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

Beamlines in 2013
Eiji SHIGEMASAUVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular ScienceⅡ
The UVSOR facility is one of the highest brilliancelight sources in the extreme-ultraviolet region among
synchrotron radiation facilities with electron energy
less than 1 GeV, thanks to the successful
accomplishment of the upgrade project on the storage
ring (UVSOR-III project). The natural emittance of
the UVSOR-III storage ring reaches to 17.5 nm-rad.
Eight bending magnets and five insertion devices
are available as synchrotron light sources at UVSOR.
There has been a total of fourteen operational
beamlines in 2013, which are classified into two
categories. Twelve of them are the so-called “Openbeamlines”, which are open to scientists ofuniversities and research institutes belonging to thegovernment, public organizations, private enterprises
and those of foreign countries. The rest of the two
beamlines are the “In-house beamlines”, and are
dedicated to the use of research groups within IMS.
There is one soft X-ray station equipped with adouble-crystal monochromator, and eight extreme
ultraviolet and soft X-ray stations with a grazing
incidence monochromator, three vacuum ultraviolet
stations with a normal incidence monochromator andtwo infrared (IR) stations equipped with a
Fourier-Transform interferometer, as shown in the
appended table (next page) for all available beamlines
at UVSOR in 2013.
BL4U, which is equipped with a scanningtransmission soft X-ray microscope (STXM), hasbeen newly constructed in 2012. BL4U has been
open to users since June 2013, immediately after the
shutdown term. Many new results have alreadyemerged from BL4U. The performance of BL4U isclose to the theoretically expected one, except in thephoton energy region near the C K-shell ionizationthreshold,
due
to
the
so-called“carboncontamination” for the optical elements. In order toimprove this situation, the first mirror was recoatedby gold and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber aswell as all the parts of the mirror holder were washedby hot water to remove the carbon containing
elements from the surfaces. As a result, the photon
intensity in the C-K edge region has been improved,
but has gradually decreased with time. The samecleaning treatment to the grating chamber is planned
to be performed during the shutdown term in thespring of 2014.
BL2B, which has long been utilized as an in-housebeamline, has been reorganized as an open beamline
in 2013. This has been conducted as one of thelong-term project proposals. The experimental setupof the angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy(ARPES) for inorganic thin films has been broughtfrom Chiba University. The mirror exchanging
mechanism in the grating chamber of the BL2B
monochromator has been repaired, and the inter-locksystem and monochromator control software havebeen prepared.
The commissioning andperformance tests will be started from May 2014.
The reconstruction of BL5U has been initiated in
2013.
The previous system at BL5U, the
SGM-TRAIN monochromator and the APRES
end-station, has been stopped its operation in
December 2013. The constructions of a new soft
X-ray beamline and a spin-resolved photoemission
experimental setup have been started since January
2014. As a new undulator for BL5U, an Apple-II
type with the period length of 60 mm, whose total
length is about 2.5 m, is chosen. The spectral region
from 20 eV to 200 eV will be covered with the firstand higher harmonic radiation. A variable included
angle Monk-Gillieson mounting with an entranceslit-less configuration, which is the same as thoseinstalled at BL4U and BL6U, has been selected.
The spin-resolved photoemission setup will beequipped with a high-resolution hemisphericalelectron energy analyzer (MBS A-1) with a highly
efficient Mott detector. In pursuit of realizing
photoemission experiments with very high spatial
resolution, a specially designed post-focusing mirror
system is planned to be introduced, where a small
beam spot at the sample position (less than 10 µm in
diameter) is expected to be achieved. The beamline
commissioning of BL5U will be started from May
2014. BL5U will be open to users in the spring of
2015.
In order to promote beamline upgrades anddevelopments of new experimental techniques byusers, a new research proposal category named, the“long-term project proposal”, has been introduced in2012. The available period of this proposal category
is three years. One proposal on BL1U has been
accepted in 2013.
Further discussion toward
formulating a basic plan on the beamline construction
with users, will be continued.
All users are required to refer to the beamline
manuals and the UVSOR guidebook (the latest
revision in PDF format uploaded on the UVSOR web
site in June 2010), on the occasion of conducting theactual experimental procedures. Those wishing to
use the open and in-house beamlines arerecommended to contact the beamline master (seenext page), respectively. For updated information of
UVSOR, http://www.uvsor.ims.ac.jp.

13

Ⅱ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

Beamlines at UVSOR
Beamline

Ⅱ

Monochromator /Spectrometer

BL1U

Free electron laser

BL1B

Martin-Puplett FT-FIR

BL2A

Double crystal

BL2B

18-m spherical grating(Dragon)

BL3U*

Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)

BL3B

2.5-m off-plane Eagle

Energy Range

Targets

Techniques

M. Katoh

1.6 - 13.9 eV
0.5 - 30 meV
585 eV - 4 keV
24 - 205 eV
60 - 800 eV
1.7 - 30 eV

Contact

mkatoh@ims.ac.jp

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

F. Teshima

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

N. Kondo

Gas

Photoionization
Photodissociation

S. KeraGas
LiquidSolid

Absorption
Photoemission
Photon-emission

N. Kosugi

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

Absorption(Microscopy)

T. Ohigashi

tetsu@ims.ac.jp

nkondo@ims.ac.jp

kera@ims.ac.jp

kosugi@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)
Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)

130 - 700 eV

Gas
LiquidSolid

25 eV - 1 keV

Gas
Solid

Photoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission

E. Shigemasa

BL5U

Spherical grating(SGM-TRAIN†)

5 - 250 eV

SolidPhotoemission

M. Sakai

BL5B

Plane grating

Solid

Calibration
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

BL6U*

Variable-included-angle
varied-line-spacing
plane grating

Gas
Solid

Photoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission

E. Shigemasa

BL6B

Michelson FT-IR

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

F. Teshima

BL7U

10-m normal incidence(modified Wadsworth)

Solid

Photoemission

M. Matsunami

BL7B

3-m normal incidence

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

BL8B

Plane grating

Solid

Photoemission

S. KeraBL4U
BL4B

6 - 600 eV
30 - 500 eV
3 meV - 2.5 eV
6 - 40 eV
1.2 - 25 eV
1.9 - 150 eVohigashi@ims.ac.jp

sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

sakai@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

tetsu@ims.ac.jp

matunami@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

kera@ims.ac.jp

Yellow columns represent undulator beamlines.
*
In-house beamline.
†
Spherical grating monochromator with translating and rotating assembly including normal incidence mount.

14

BL1U

Free Electron Laser
Ⅱ!Description
The free electron laser (FEL) at UVSOR-II is being moved to a dedicated long straight section (S1). The FEL
is equipped with a variably polarized optical klystron of 3 m in length and an optical cavity of 13.3 m in length.
By using various multilayer mirrors for the cavity, the FEL can provide coherent light in a wide wavelength
range from 800 nm to 199 nm. The pulse duration is typically several tens of picoseconds. The repetition rate isapproximately 11 MHz. The average output power depends on the wavelength but its typical value is several
hundred milliwatts. Output power higher than 1 W was recorded at 230 nm and 570 nm. The FEL can be
operated in top-up injection mode. Users can use the FEL for several hours with quasi-constant output power.
The laser pulses are naturally synchronized with the synchrotron radiation pulses that are provided at othersynchrotron radiation beamlines. The laser beam can be transported to the beamlines using a mirror system forpump and probe experiments if requested.

Fig. 1. Schematic of the 13.3 m-long optical cavity.

Fig. 2. Left and right circularly polarized FEL
being delivered to B4 for an application
experiment.

Fig. 3. The FEL is delivered to BL7B. The FEL isirradiated on a target simultaneously with the SR .

!Technical Data
Wavelength

199-800 nm

Spectral band width~10-4

Polarization

Circular/linear

Pulse rate

11.26 MHz

Max. average power~1 W

Cavity type

Fabry-Perot

Cavity length13.3 mCavity mirror

HfO2, Ta2O5, Al2O3 multilayer

15

BL1B

Terahertz Spectroscopy Using Coherent Synchrotron Radiation

Ⅱ!Description
Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is a powerful light source in the terahertz (THz) region. This beamline
has been constructed for basic studies on the properties of THz-CSR. However, it can be also used formeasurements of reflectivity and transmission spectra of solids using conventional synchrotron radiation.
The emitted THz light is collected by a three-dimensional magic mirror (3D-MM, M0) of the same type as
those already successfully installed at BL43IR in SPring-8 and BL6B in UVSOR-II. The 3D-MM was installed
in bending-magnet chamber #1 and is controlled by a 5-axis pulse motor stage (x, z translation; θx, θy, θzrotation). The acceptance angle was set at 17.5-34 degrees (total 288 mrad) in the horizontal direction. The
vertical angle was set at ±40 mrad to collect the widely expanded THz-CSR.
The beamline is equipped with a Martin-Puplett type interferometer (JASCO FARIS-1) to cover the THz
spectral region from 4 to 240 cm-1 (hν = 500 µeV-30 meV). There is a reflection/absorption spectroscopy (RAS)
end-station for large samples (∼ several mm). At the RAS end-station, a liquid-helium-flow type cryostat with aminimum temperature of 4 K is installed.

Fig. 1. Schematic top view of the beam extraction partoftheTHz-CSRbeamline,
BL1B.
The
three-dimensional magic mirror (3D-MM, M0) and aplane mirror (M1) are located in the bending-magnet
chamber. A parabolic mirror (M2) is installed to form aparallel beam. The straight section (BL1U) is used forcoherent harmonic generation (CHG) in the VUVregion.

Fig. 2. Obtained intensity spectra with the
combination of a light source (UVSOR),
interferometer (FARIS-1), and detectors (Sibolometer and InSb hot-electron bolometer).

!Technical Data
Interferometer
Wavenumber range

Martin-Puplett (JASCO FARIS-1)
4-240 cm-1

(Energy range)(500 µeV-30 meV)

Resolution in cm-1

0.25 cm-1

Experiments

Reflection/transmission spectroscopy

Miscellaneous

Users can use their experimental system in this beamline.

16

BL2A

Soft X-Ray Beamline for Photoabsorption Spectroscopy!Description
BL2A, which was moved its previous location as BL1A in 2011, is a soft X-ray beamline for photoabsorption
spectroscopy.

The beamline is equipped with a focusing premirror and a double-crystal monochromator [1].

The monochromator serves soft X-rays in the energy region from 585 to 4000 eV using several types of single
crystals, such as β-Al2O3, beryl, KTP (KTiOPO4), quartz, InSb, and Ge. The throughput spectra measured usinga Si photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) are shown in Fig. 1. The typical energy resolution (E / !E) of themonochromator is approximately 1500 for beryl and InSb. There are no experimental setups that are specific tothis beamline, except for a small vacuum chamber equipped with an electron multiplier (EM) detector.
Photoabsorption spectra for powdery samples are usually measured in total electron yield mode, with the use of
the EM detector.
[1] Hiraya et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63 (1992) 1264.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the double-crystal

Fig. 2. Side view of BL2A.

monochromator at BL2A.

!Technical Data
Monochromator

Double crystal monochromator

Monochromator crystals:(2d value, energy range)

β-Al2O3 (22.53 Å, 585–1609 eV), beryl

Resolution
Experiments(15.965 Å, 826–2271 eV),KTP (10.95 Å, 1205–3310 eV), quartz (8.512 Å, 1550–4000 eV),InSb (7.481 Å, 1764–4000 eV), Ge (6.532 Å, 2094–4000 eV)
E/!E = 1500 for beryl and InSb
Photoabsorption spectroscopy

17

Ⅱ

BL2B

Photoelectron spectroscopy of molecular solids

Ⅱ!Description
This beamline previously dedicated for experiments in the field of gas phase photoionization and reaction
dynamics. Then, the beamline has been reconstructed for photoelectron spectroscopy of molecular solids with a
new end station, and experiments can be performed from May 2014. The monochromator is a spherical grating
Dragon type with 18-m focal length. High throughput (1 × 1010 photons s-1) and high resolution (E/!E = 2000 8000) are achieved simultaneously under the condition of the ring current of 100 mA [1]. The optical system
consists of two pre-focusing mirrors, an entrance slit, three spherical gratings (G1 - G3), two folding mirrors, amovable exit slit, and a refocusing mirror [2]. The monochromator is designed to cover the energy range of
23–205 eV with the three gratings: G1 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 18 m) at 80–205 eV; G2 (1200 lines mm-1, R = 18m) at 40–100 eV; G3 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 9.25 m) at 23–50 eV. The percentage of the second-order light
contamination at hν = 45.6 eV is 23% for G2 or 7% for G3.
A UHV chamber is placed downstream of the refocusing mirror chamber and equipped silicon photodiode,sapphire plate Au mesh and filters for absolute photon flux measurement, monitor the photon-beam position,
relative photon flux measurements and attenuate higher order light, respectively.
The new end station consists of a main chamber with a hemispherical analyzer (SCIENTA R3000) and aliquid-He-cooled cryostat (temperature range of 15-400 K) with 5-axis stage, a sample preparation chamber witha fast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleaning chamber with LEED, ion gun for sputtering and IR heating unit.
[1] M. Ono, H. Yoshida, H. Hattori and K. Mitsuke, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 467-468 (2001) 577.
[2] H. Yoshida and K. Mitsuke, J. Synchrotron Radiation 5 (1998) 774.

Fig. 1. 18 m spherical grating monochromator at BL2B.

Fig. 2. End station of BL2B for photoelectron
spectroscopy of molecular solids.

!Technical Data
Monochromator

18 m spherical grating Dragon-type

Wavelength Range

23-205 eVResolution

2000–8000 depending on the gratings

Experiments

Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy

18

BL3U

Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy!Description
The beamline BL3U is equipped with an in-vacuum undulator composed of 50 periods of 3.8 cm period length.
The emitted photons are monochromatized by the varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM)
designed for various spectroscopic investigations in the soft X-ray range including soft X-ray emission studies.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings are designed to cover the photon energy range from60 to 800 eV. The beamline has two endstations, namely, XES setup and multi-purpose setup. The XES setup is
used for soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The beam is horizontally focused onto the sample position by aplane-elliptical mirror, M2X. In the multi-purpose setup, the beam is focused by the toroidal mirror M2.
Between the sample position and M2, the differential pumping is placed.

S0

Top View
in-vacuum
plane undulator

M0: Cylindrical
R=47.253 m

XES Setup
M1: Spherical G: VLSP
R=88.826 m

S1X
sample176°

M2X: Plane-Elliptical
r1=11.7 m
r2=0.5 m

M2: Toroidal
R= 81.65 m! = 37.23 mm

Multi-purpose setup S1

sample

176°
700
0

5300

Side View
177°

3100
6000

S0

400
9100

2203

500

9500

11703

G

M2X

176°

800
12203

1600
13003

14603

S1X

sample

173°

M1

S1

M0

M2

sampleFig. 1. Schematic layout (left) and the photography (right) of the BL3U. The distances along the beam from thecenter of the in-vacuum plane undulator are shown in millimeters. S1X and M2X can be replaced with the otherexit slit S1 so that experiments can be carried out at either the XES or the multipurpose endstation. In the XES
setup, the sample is placed 5–10 mm downstream of S1X.

!Technical Data
Monochromator
Energy Range
Resolution
Experiments

Varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator
60-800 eV
E / !E > 10 000
Soft X-ray spectroscopy (XPS, XES, XAS)

Beam Size(XES Endstation)

Gaussian shape
Vertical 5-20 µm; Horizontal 41 µm (FWHM)

19

Ⅱ

BL3B (HOTRLU)!Description

BL3B has been constructed to study photoluminescence (PL) in the visible (VIS) to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)
region. This beamline consists of a 2.5 m off-plane Eagle type normal-incidence monochromator, which covers
the VUV, UV, and VIS regions, i.e., the energy (wavelength) region of 1.7-31 eV (40-730 nm), with threespherical gratings having constant grooving densities of 1200, 600, and 300 l/mm optimized at the photon
energies of ~20, ~16, and ~6 eV, respectively. The schematic side view and top view layouts are shown in Figs.
1(a) and 1(b), respectively. The FWHM of the beam spot at the sample position is 0.25 mm (V) × 0.75 mm (H).

Low energy pass filters (LiF, quartz, WG32, OG53) can be inserted automatically to maintain the optical purity

in the G3 (300 l/mm) grating region (1.7~11.8 eV). Figure 2 shows the throughput spectra (photon numbers at abeam current of 300 mA) for each grating with entrance and exit slit openings of 0.1 mm (resolving power E /!E of ~2000 (G3, ~6.8 eV)). Since both slits can be opened up to 0.5 mm, a monochromatized photon flux of1010 photons/s or higher is available for PL measurements in the whole energy region.

The end station is equipped with a liquid-helium-flow type cryostat for sample cooling and two detectors; oneof which is a photomultiplier with sodium salicylate and the other a Si photodiode for reflection/absorption

measurement. For the PL measurements in the wide energy region from VIS to VUV, two PL monochromators,
comprising not only a conventional VIS monochromator but also a VUV monochromator with a CCD detector,

are installed at the end station.

[1] K. Fukui, R. Ikematsu, Y. Imoto, M. Kitaura, K. Nakagawa, T. Ejima, E. Nakamura, M. Sakai, M. Hasumoto
snd S. Kimura, J. Sync. Rad. 21 (2014) 452.

9Photon Number (x10 /s/300mA)

Ⅱ

VIS-VUV Photoluminescence and Reflection/Absorption
Spectroscopy

(b)

(a)

3.0
2.5

G3
G2
G1

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

0

10

20

30

Photon Energy (eV)Fig. 1. Schematic layout of the BL3B (a) side view and (b)top view.

Fig. 2. Throughput spectra for each grating(G1:1200 l/mm, G2:600 l/mm and G3:300l/mm) with S1 = S2 = 0.1 mm.

!Technical Data
Monochromator-2.5 m normal-incidence monochromator

Energy range

1.7-31 eV (40~730 nm)

Resolution (!hν/ hν)≥ 12000 (at ~ 6.9 eV, 0.02 mm slits, G1 (1200 l/mm)

Experiments

Photoluminescence, reflection, and absorption spectroscopy, mainly for solids

20

40

BL4U

Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy in the Soft X-ray Region
Ⅱ!Description

In the soft x-ray region, there are several absorption edges of light elements and transition metals. The nearedge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) brings detailed information about the chemical state of target

elements. A scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) in the soft X-ray region is a kind of extended

technique of the NEXAFS with high spatial resolution. The STXM has a capability of several additional options,for example, in-situ observations, 3-dimensional observation by computed tomography and ptychography, byutilizing the characteristics of the X-rays. The STXM can be applied to several sciences, such as polymer science,material science, cell biology, environmental science, and so on.

This beamline equips an in-vacuum undulator, a varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator and a fixed

exit slit. The soft X-ray energy range from 130 to 770 eV with the resolving power (E/!E) of 6,000 is available.
The aperture size of the fixed exit slit determines not only the resolving power but also the size of a microprobe.

A Fresnel zone plate is used as a focusing optical device through an order select aperture and its focal spot sizeof ~30 nm is available at minimum. An image is acquired by detecting intensities of the transmitted X-rays by aphotomultiplier tube with scintillator with scanning a sample 2-dimensionally. By changing the energy of theincident beam, each 2-dimensional NEXAFS image is stacked. A main chamber of STXM is separated from thebeamline optics by a silicon nitride membrane of 100-nm thickness; therefore, sample folders can be handled in
vacuum or in helium.
Slit

PinholeM0 mirror

M1 mirror andGrating

M2 mirror

Fixed exit slit

Fig. 1. Schematic image of BL4U
Fresnel zone plate

Order sorting aperture
Photo multiplier tube
with scintillator

Monochromatized X-ray
SampleFig. 2. Schematic image of the STXM

!Technical Data
Energy range (E)150 -770 eV

Focusing optical element

Fresnel zone plate

Resolving power (E/!E)
Spatial resolution
Experiments

Measurement environment~6000~30 nm2-dimensinal absorption spectroscopy

standard sample folder in vacuum or in helium,

specially designed sample cell in ambient condition

21

STXM
STXM

BL4B

Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy

Ⅱ!Description
The beamline BL4B equipped with a varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM) wasconstructed for various spectroscopic investigations in a gas phase and/or on solids in the soft X-ray range.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings with SiO2 substrates are designed to cover the photon
energy range from 25 to 800 eV.

The gratings with groove densities of 100, 267, and 800 l/mm cover the

spectral ranges of 25–100, 60–300, and 200-1000 eV, respectively, and are interchangeable without breaking thevacuum.

Figure 1 shows the absolute photon flux for each grating measured using a Si photodiode (IRD Inc.),with the entrance- and exit-slit openings set at 50 and 50 µm, respectively.

The maximum resolving power(E/!E) achieved for each grating exceeds 5000.
! µ µ









! !"!  



















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Fig. 1. Throughput from the VLS-PGM

Fig. 2. Photo of BL4B.

monochromator on BL4B.

!Technical Data
Monochromator

Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

25-1000 eVResolution

E / !E > 5000 (at maximum)

Experiments

Soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly, angle-resolved photoion spectroscopy forgaseous targets and photoelectron spectroscopy for gaseous and solid targets)

22

BL5U

Photoemission Spectroscopy of Solids and Surfaces
Ⅱ▼Description
This beamline is designed for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of solids and surfaces withhorizontal-linearly and circularly (CW, CCW) polarized synchrotron radiation from a helical undulator.

Thebeamline consists of a Spherical Grating Monochromator with a Translational and Rotational Assembly
Including a Normal incidence mount (SGM-TRAIN) and a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission
spectrometer.
The SGM-TRAIN is an improved version of a constant-length SGM that aims at realizing the following
points: (1) covering the wide energy range of 5–250 eV, (2) high energy resolving power, (3) use of linearly andcircularly polarized undulator light, (4) reduction of higher-order light, and (5) two driving modes (rotation andtranslation of gratings) by computer control. The second-order light is well suppressed using laminar profile
gratings and combinations of mirrors and gratings. This beamline will be totally upgraded after Jan 2014.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra from the SGM-TRAIN monochromator at BL5U.

Fig. 2. High-resolution angle-resolved
photoemission apparatus at BL5U.

▼Technical Data
Monochromator

SGM-TRAIN

Energy Range

5-250 eVResolutionhν / ΔE > 2,000 for < 40 µm slits

Experiment

ARPES, AIPES, XAS

Flux<1011 photons/s for <40 µm slits (in the sample position)

Main Instruments

Hemispherical photoelectron analyzer (MBS-Toyama ‘Peter’ A-1), LEED ofreverse type (OMICRON), Liq-He flow cryostat (5-400 K)

23

BL5B

Calibration Apparatus for Optical Elements and Detectors

Ⅱ▼Description

BL5B has been constructed to perform calibration measurements for optical elements and detectors. This

beamline is composed of a plane grating monochromator (PGM) and three endstations in tandem. The most
upstream station is used for the calibration measurements of optical elements, the middle one for opticalmeasurements for solids, and the last for photo-stimulated desorption experiments. The experimental chamber at

the most downstream station is sometimes changed to a chamber for photoemission spectroscopy. The
calibration chamber shown in Fig. 2 is equipped with a goniometer for the characterization of optical elements,

which has six degrees of freedom, X-Y translation of a sample, and interchanging of samples and filters. These

are driven by pulse motors in vacuum. Because the polarization of synchrotron radiation is essential for suchmeasurements, the rotation axis can be made in either the horizontal or vertical direction (s- or p-polarization).

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra for possible combinations ofFig. 2. A side view of the experimental

gratings and mirrors at BL5B measured by a gold mesh.

chamber for calibration measurements.

▼Technical Data
Monochromator

Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

6-600 eV (2-200 nm)

Resolution

E / ΔE∼500

Experiments

Calibration of optical elements, absorption of solids, photo-stimulated
desorption from rare-gas solids

24

BL6U

Variable-Included-Angle VLS-PGM for Molecular Soft X-Ray
SpectroscopyDescription
The beamline BL6U equipped with a variable-included-angle Monk-Gillieson mounting monochromator witha varied-line-spacing plane grating was constructed for various spectroscopic investigations requiringhigh-brilliance soft X-rays in a gas phase and/or on solids.

Through a combination of undulator radiation andsophisticated monochromator design (entrance slit-less configuration and variable-included-angle mechanism),using a single grating, the monochromator can cover the photon energy ranging from 30 to 500 eV, withresolving power of greater than 10000 and photon flux of more than 1010 photons/s.

Figure 1 shows an exampleof the monochromator throughput spectra measured using a Si photodiode, with the exit-slit opening set at 30 µm,
which corresponds to the theoretical resolving power of 10000 at 80 eV.

Throughput spectra of the BL6U (Gap=13 mm, Slit=30µm)

Flux(Photons/s/100mA:PD-AXUV100G)

1E13

3rd

1E12

5th

1st

1E11

!+"=168°!+"=170°!+"=172°!+"=174°

1E10
1E9
1E8
1E7

30

100

Photon energy(eV)Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the BL6U monochromator atvarious included angles.

Fig. 2. Photo of BL6U

Technical Data
Monochromator

Variable-included-angle Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating

Energy range

40-500 eVResolution

Experiments

Monochromator

E / !E > 10000 (at maximum)

High-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly photoelectron
spectroscopy for gaseous and solid targets)

25

Ⅱ

BL6B

Infrared and Terahertz Spectroscopy of Solids

ⅡDescription
Synchrotron radiation (SR) has good performance (high brilliance and high flux) not only in the VUV and soft
X-ray (SX) regions but also in the infrared (IR) and THz regions. BL6B covers the IR and THz regions. The
previous beamline, BL6A1, which was constructed in 1985, was the pioneer in IRSR research. The beamline
was deactivated at the end of FY2003 and a new IR/THz beamline, BL6B (IR), was constructed in FY2004. The
front-end part including bending duct #6 was replaced with a new part having a higher acceptance angle (215
(H) × 80 (V) mrad2) using a magic mirror, as shown in Fig. 1 [1].
The beamline is equipped with a Michelson type (Bruker Vertex70v) interferometer to cover a wide spectral
region from 30 to 20,000 cm-1 (hν = 4 meV-2.5 eV), as shown in Fig. 2. There are two end-stations; one forreflection/absorption spectroscopy (RAS) of large samples (up to several mm) and the other for IR/THz
microscopy (transmission microscopy: TM) of tiny samples (up to several tens of m). At the RAS end-station, aliquid-helium-flow type cryostat with a minimum temperature of 10 K is installed. At the TM end-station,pressure- and temperature-dependent THz spectroscopy can be performed. A superconducting magnet with amaximum field of 6 T can be installed by the exchange with the TM end-station.
[1] S. Kimura, E. Nakamura, T. Nishi, Y. Sakurai, K. Hayashi, J. Yamazaki, M. Katoh, “Infrared and terahertz
spectromicroscopy beam line BL6B(IR) at UVSOR-II,” Infrared Phys. Tech. 49 (2006) 147.

Fig. 1. Design of the optics and front end of BL6B.

Fig. 2. Schematic top view of BL6B.

Technical Data
Interferometer
Wavenumber Range

Michelson (Bruker Vertex70v)
30-20,000 cm-1

(Energy range)(4 meV-2.5 eV)Resolution in cm
Experiments-10.1cm-1
Reflectivity and transmission
Microspectroscopy
Magneto-optics

Miscellaneous

Users can use their experimental system in this beamline.

26

BL7U (SAMRAI)

Angle-Resolved Photoemission of Solids in the VUV Region!Description

Ⅱ

Beamline 7U, named the Symmetry- And Momentum-Resolved electronic structure Analysis Instrument(SAMRAI) for functional materials, was constructed to provide a photon flux with high energy resolution andhigh flux mainly for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of solids [1]. An APPLE-II-type
variable-polarization undulator is installed as the light source. The undulator can produce intense VUV light withhorizontal/vertical linear and right/left circular polarization. The undulator light is monochromatized by amodified Wadsworth type monochromator with three gratings (10 m radius; 1200, 2400, and 3600 lines/mm
optimized at h! = 10, 20, and 33 eV). The energy resolution of the light (h! / !h!) is more than 104 with aphoton flux of 1011-1012 ph/s or higher on samples in the entire energy region.
The beamline has a photoemission end-station equipped with a 200 mm-radius hemispherical photoelectron
analyzer (MB Scientific AB, A-l analyzer) with a wide-angle electron lens and a liquid-helium-cooled cryostat
with 6-axis pulse motor control (AVC Co., Ltd., i-GONIO). The main function of the beamline is to determine
the three-dimensional Fermi surface and electronic structure of solids at low temperatures and their temperaturedependence in order to reveal the origin of their physical properties.
[1] S. Kimura, T. Ito, M. Sakai, E. Nakamura, N. Kondo, K. Hayashi, T. Horigome, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, T.
Goto, T. Ejima, K. Soda, “SAMRAI: A variably polarized angle-resolved photoemission beamline in the VUVregion at UVSOR-II,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (2010) 053104.
Fig. 1. Layout (a) and photograph (b) of the
SAMRAI beamline consisting of an
APPLE-II type undulator (U7), a modified
Wadsworth type monochromator (M0-S),
and a high-resolution photoemission
analyzer at the focal point. The
monochromator has five major opticalcomponents: two plane mirrors (M0 andM1) with water cooling, one set of threespherical gratings (G), an exit slit (S), andone toroidal refocusing mirror (M3). The
spherical gratings have a radius of 10 m andare located 22 m from the center of theundulator. There is no entrance slit. S is
located 6.47 m from G. A second branch fora VUV microscope end-station is planned tobe constructed after the plane mirror (M2)located between G and S.

!Technical Data
Light source
Monochromator
Photon energy range
Resolution (h!/!h!)Photon flux on sample
Beam size on sample
Experiments

APPLE-II type undulator ("u = 76 mm, N = 36)vertical/horizontal linear, right/left circular
10 m normal-incidence monochromator (modified Wadsworth type)
6!40 eV (" = 30!200 nm)
1 # 104-5 # 104$ 1012-1011 ph/s (depending on h!)
200 (H) # 50 (V) µm2
Angle-resolved photoemission of solids(MB Scientific A-1 analyzer, acceptance angle: ± 18 deg)

27

BL7B

3 m Normal-Incidence Monochromator for Solid-State Spectroscopy

Ⅱ!Description
BL7B has been constructed to provide sufficiently high resolution for conventional solid-state spectroscopy,
sufficient intensity for luminescence measurements, wide wavelength coverage for Kramers–Kronig analyses,
and minimum deformation to the polarization characteristic of incident synchrotron radiation. This beamline
consists of a 3-m normal incidence monochromator, which covers the vacuum ultraviolet, ultraviolet, visible,
and infrared, i.e., the wavelength region of 40–1000 nm, with three gratings (1200, 600, and 300 l/mm).

Twointerchangeable refocusing mirrors provide two different focusing positions. For the mirror with the longer focal
length, an LiF or a MgF2 window valve can be installed between the end valve of the beamline and the focusing
position. Figure 1 shows the absolute photon intensity for each grating with the entrance and exit slit openings of
0.5 mm. A silicon photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) was utilized to measure the photon intensity and theabsolute photon flux was estimated, taking the quantum efficiency of the photodiode into account.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of BL7B measured using

Fig. 2. Photo of BL7B.

a silicon photodiode.

!Technical Data
Monochromator

3 m Normal-Incidence Monochromator

Wavelength Range

50-1000 nm (1.2-25 eV)Resolution

E / !E = 4000-8000 for 0.01 mm slits

Experiments

Absorption, reflection, and fluorescence spectroscopy, mainly for solids

28

BL8B

Angle-Resolved Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrometer for Solids
Ⅱ!Description
BL8B is a beamline for the angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS) system, which isdesigned to measure various organic solids such as molecular crystals, organic semiconductors, and conducting
polymers. This beamline consists of a plane-grating monochromator (PGM), a sample preparation chamber witha fast-entry load-lock chamber, a measurement chamber (base pressure 1 ! 10-10 Torr), a cleaning chamber (basepressure 1 ! 10-10 Torr), and a sample evaporation chamber (base pressure 3 ! 10-10 Torr). The cleaning chamber
is equipped with a back-view LEED/AUGER, an ion gun for Ar+ sputtering, and an infrared heating unit. The
PGM consists of premirrors, a plane grating, focusing mirror, and a post-mirror, with an exit slit. It covers thewide range from 2 to 130 eV with two exchanging gratings (G1: 1200 l/mm, G2: 450 l/mm) and five cylindricalmirrors. The toroidal mirror focuses the divergent radiation onto the sample in the measurement chamber. The
spot size of the zeroth-order visible light at the sample surface is approximately 1 ! 1 mm2. Figure 1 shows thethroughput spectra of PGM (slit = 100 µm). The energy resolution at a slit width of 100 µm was found to be
E/"E = 1000 in the wavelength range from 2 to 130 eV. A hemispherical electron energy analyzer of 75 mm
mean radius with an angular resolution less than 2° can be rotated around the vertical and horizontal axes. The
sample mounted on a manipulator (temperature range 14–320 K) can also be rotated around two axes.

Sample Current / A / R.C(100mA=1)

1E-8

1E-9

1E-10

GM[24]
GM[13]
GM[12]
GM[11]

1E-11

1E-12

0

20

40

60

80

100 120 140

Photon Energy / eV

Fig. 2. A photo of BL8B.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of plane-grating
monochromator at BL8B (slit = 100 µm).

!Technical Data
Monochromator

Plane-grating monochromator

Wavelength Range

9-600 nmResolution

E / "E = 1000

Experiments

Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy

29