ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͂΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬ࢭȁ୼ȁୃȁྜີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါలĶĵ࣢าक़ˎˌˍˍාˎ࠮ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͂΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͂΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬ࢭȁ୼ȁୃȁྜȁE. M. έ΁ȜΑΗȜ͈ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹȪA Room with a View ո‫ ئ‬RVȫ͉Ȅˍ˕ˌ˔ාͅ੄ๅ̯̹ͦՔ͈ၑேͬॶ̢ͥίυΛΠ̹ͬ̽͜઀୰̜́ͥȃ৽૽࢖σȜΏȜȆγΣȜΙλȜΙȪLucy Honeychurchȫ͉ȄͼΗςͺၫ࣐́੄̹ٛ̽୒ාΐοȜΐȆ΀ζΕϋȪGeorge EmersonȫͅႪ̳ͬͥȃ͈̾ͥே̞ͬဲ̢̫̠̳̦̾ͥ͢Ȅडࢃ͉ͅ૤͈୊ͅীͬ߹̫ȄΐοȜΐ͂ࢨ̵ࠫ͊ͦͥͅȃু໦͈૤ͬܺ̽̀ΐοȜΐ͈̭͂ͬདྷ̠̳ͦ͂ͥ͢๞੫ͬ࿒‫̵̦͈̯ͥ͛ژ‬ȄΐοȜΐ͈຿΀ζΕϋঙȪMr Emersonȫ̜́ͥȃσȜΏȜ͈௺̳ͥષၠಎॲ‫΀͈ݭٴ‬ΠΑ̦ܺ஝̧̯̯̥̫͈͉ͬͥ͂͞చચഎͅȄ΀ζΕϋঙ͉σȜΏȜͅՔ͈ᣏ͈ఄ̯ͬ୰̩ȃ๞͉৽૽࢖σȜΏȜͬ൵̩ਹါ̈́૽໤̜́ͥȃȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͉έ΁ȜΑΗȜ͈઀୰͈̥̈́́࿷֚Ȅ౳੫͈Քͬ࣊೰എͅນ࡛̱̹ै຦̜́ͤȄ΀ζΕϋঙ͉Ȅ̷͈ΧΛάȜȆ΀ϋΟͻϋΈͬ঑̢ͥ‫ؚ‬ర̜ࣸ́ͥȃȁ΀ζΕϋঙ͉ͅȄκΟσ̦̞ͥ͂ࣉ̢̞ͣͦ̀ͥȃȸ΀τγϋȹȪErewhonȫͬ੥̞̹΍ην΀σȆΨΠρȜȪSamuel Butlerȫ̷̦̠̺̯̹̭̜̹̦͂ͦ͂̽͜Ȅ๡ບ‫ز‬Ης·ȆρȜζϋȪTariqRahmanȫ͉Ȅ২ٛ৽݅এே‫΀ز‬ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜȪEdward Carpenter, 1844-1929ȫ̷̭̦Ȅུ൚͈κΟσ̺͂৽ಫ̱̹ȃഥܱै‫ز‬Σ΋ρȆδȜζϋȪNicola Beaumanȫ͜൳အͅ΀ζΕϋঙͬ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈య༕৪͂ࡉ̱̞̈́̀ͥȪBeauman 209ȫȃȁ̷ུ̭́ა͉́Ȅȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ̤̫ͥͅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͂έ΁ȜΑΗȜ͈‫̾ͅ߸۾ྺވ‬̞̜̹̀ͣ͛̀ࣉख़̱͙̹̞̀ȃ΀ζΕϋঙ̦య༕̱̞̯̀ͥ͂ͦͥ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬ͬߓఘഎͅ‫̳ͥ෇ږ‬ȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉ȄՔ̤̫ͥͅ଻Ք͈ంहͬୟޭഎͅ෇̹͛ȃ̷͉̳̻ͦ̈́ͩષၠಎॲ‫͈ݭٴ‬༊‫͈̯͒ޛ‬๡฻̜̹́̽͜ȃ̭͈ത́έ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉Ȅ̤̤̞ͅ๞ͅ‫ۜވ‬̱̹ȃ฽࿂Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ̦ࠇ̬ͥ২ٛ৽݅എ‫ވ‬൳ఘ২͈ٛၑே͉Ȅέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉̜ͤ͘ͅྛႁഎͅ‫̴̺͉̹̥̽̈́ͣד‬ȃέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉Ȅ̴͙̥͈ͣ੄૸‫̞ޑͅݭٴ‬Ք಍͂‫࠹̞ޑ‬՛͈ၰ༷̲̞̹ͬۜ̀ȃષၠಎॲ‫̧͈̀͛ͩ͒ݭٴ‬ͺϋΫΨτϋΠ̈́এ̞͉Ȅ২ٛ৽݅എၑே͉̲̥̹̺̠͂̈́̈́̽ͧ͘ȃ̹͘Ȅέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͈এࣉ͉Ȅࡢ૽͈ুဇͬ୲చഎ̈́‫ܖ‬๕̱̹͂Ȅ๡฻എ́٥݃എ̈́ఠഽ̽̀͢ͅඅಭ̫̿ͣͦͥȃ̷͉ͦȄ̞̥̈́ͥਅ႒͈ၑே‫̥ͣ͜ޡ‬๞ͬ‫̰׿‬̫͈̜̹ͥ́̽͜ȃ̭ͦͣͬැ൮̧̤̦̈́ͣͅȄȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ̥ͣ໳̢̭̩̀ͥ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈୊ͅীͬଯ̱͙̹̞̀͘ȃ− 125 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ΀ζΕϋঙ͈૽͂̈́ͤͬ‫̥̭̳ͣ͂ͥ෇ږ‬ই̠͛͢ȃ΀ζΕϋঙ̴͉͘Ȅȶ২ٛ৽݅‫׋‬൲‫ز‬ȷ̱͂̀උ৪͈ஜ࡛ͦͥͅȃσȜΏȜ͉Ȅັ̧ഞ̞࿨̱͂̀ා෻͈ਲঈཽ͈ΏλȜυΛΠȆΨȜΠτΛΠȪCharlotte Bartlettȫ̞ͬ͂̈́͜ͼΗςͺͬၫ̱̹ȃΏλȜυΛΠ͉ȄέͻτϋΜͿ́΀ζΕϋ૶ঊͅ੄̹ٛ̽ઁ̱̜͂ȄΫȜΫཪ঍ͅȶ΀ζΕϋঙͬ২ٛ৽݅৪͂ࣉ̢̱̞͈̱̠̥̀ͧ́͢͡ȉȷ
Ȫ“Am I conclude . . . that he is a Socialist?”ȫ͂ৗ࿚̳ͬͥȃΫȜΫঙ͉Ȅȶ̷͈༒၌̈́࡞ဩͬ਋̫ව̹ͦȷȪ“accepted the convenient word”ȫ̜͂ͥȃ΀ζΕϋঙͬ২ٛ৽݅৪
͂ࣉ̢̞̀͂͢༐൞̱̹͈̜́ͥȪRV 8ȫȃ̭͈൚শ͈ “socialist” ̞̠͂࡞ဩ͉Ȅཕႁഎ̈́ྫଽຸ৽݅৪̥݈ͣٛ‫ڰ‬൲෩́ͬ͘‫̺ͭ܄‬Ȅ໙͈ࢩ̞༒၌̈́࡞ဩ̜̹́̽ȃ઀୰͉΀ζΕϋঙ̦ߓఘഎ̓ͭ̈́ͅ২ٛএேͬ঵̞̹͈̥͉̽̀ࢊ͉̞̞̽̀̈́ȃ̹̺ȄႻ൱৪‫૽͈ݭٴ‬ș͈௰ͅၛ̞̠̾͂ത͉́Ȅ̹̱̥ͅ๞͉২ٛ৽݅എ̜́ͥȃ΍ϋΗȆ·υȜΙͿႛෲ൴͈̥̈́́ȶಎଲ͈෎Ⴇ̈́૞ަ̦̭͈ႛෲ൴ͬ࠺̹͈̳̀́ȷ̞̠͂୊̦໳̢̭̩̀ͥ͂Ȅ΀ζΕϋঙ͉Ȅِͬདྷͦ̀୊ͬಫ̜̬ͤ “Built by faith indeed! That simply means the workmen weren't paid properly.”͂࡞̴͉̤̥̹ͩͦ̈́̽ͅȪRV 23ȫȃਲြ͈‫੅ࠝ͞ူޗ‬۷̦Ȅີဉ௄͈‫ث‬౵۷ͅ༊̱̹͈࢜͜
̜̭́ͥ͂ͬঐഊ̵̴ͅफ̵̧̭͉̞͈̜ͥ͂́̈́́ͥ͘ȃΫȜΫঙ͉̭̠̱̹΀ζΕϋঙ͈଻ৗͬএ̞̠̥͓Ȅ๞͈̭͂ͬ socialist ͂ࡤ̭͐͂ͅ൳փ̱̹͈̜̠́ͧȃ̭͈΍ϋΗȆ·υȜΙͿႛෲ൴͈΀άΕȜΡ͉Ȅ΀ζΕϋঙ͈ߔೄ୍̈́৘̯̜̱̞ͣͩ̀ͥ͜ȃ๞̱͉̜̩͂̀́͘૶୨૤̥͈࣐ͣ൲̜́̽̀Ȅ۷࢕ͅြ̞̀ͥ૽̹̻ͅ૯৘ͬഥ̢Ȅ࿨ͅၛ̻̹̥̹̺̫͈̜̽̈́́ͥȃ̱̥̱Ȅ๞͈࣐൲͉ྫ‫׿‬ၪȄอ࡞ඤယ͉ະ‫ؤ‬൚͂ࡉ̯̈́ͦȄႛෲ൴͈۷࢕‫̻̹ݖ‬͉Ȅ̷̷̩̯͂๞̥ͣၗ̞̱̠ͦ̀̽̀͘ȃ૞ැͅ಑৘̜̈́ͤ͘Ȅࠫ‫૲̱̀͂ض‬আਾ੫͈ႛ୯ͅ฽̱Ȅ๻̷̢̰̞̠࣐ͬ͌͛ͥͬ̈́̈́͢൲̱̞ͬ͂̽̀̽̀ͥ͘ȃ΀ζΕϋঙ͈ૐͤ‫͈̈́ܨ‬̞ະ‫ܕ‬ဥ̈́২ٛ৽̦̤̥̱̩݅ຝ̥̹ͦા࿂̜́ͥȃȁಎॲ‫ݭٴ‬๡฻͉Ȅఉ̩͈২ٛ৽݅‫׋‬൲‫ވͅز‬೒̳ͥȃ̱̥̱΀ζΕϋঙ͈এே͉ͅȄ͕̥͈২ٛ৽݅৪֚͂஌ْ̳ͬඅಭ̜̹̽͜ȃ̷̦ͦරఘ͈͒෎Ⴇ̈́ࠉփ̜́ͥȃ΍ζȜȆΑΠςȜΠ֨̽ͅ‫΀̧̹̱̀ק‬ζΕϋ૶ঊͬΫȜΫཪ঍͂σȜΏȜ͈೵͈έτΟͻȪFreddyȫ̦ນࠉང࿚̳ͥȃ੄̢̹ࠞ΀ζΕϋঙ͈௳ঊ͈ΐοȜΐ͉ȄέτΟͻ͉͂੝చ࿂̴̜̥̥́ͥͩͣ͜ͅȨ̞̏̈́ͤȄ߃̩͈౻̞̱̽͡ͅͅକဵ͍࣐̩̭͂ͬͅ೹մ̳ͥȃΫȜΫঙ͉‫̧̦ͣ̈́͜ޥ‬Ȅ̷͈ે‫̱́ͭڢ̩̭̈́ͬ͢ޙ‬ո‫̠͈͢ͅئ‬დ̳ȃȁ“ ‘How d'ye do? How d'ye do? Come and have a bathe,’ ” he chuckled. “That's the best
conversational opening I've ever heard. But I'm afraid it will only act between men. Can you
picture a lady who has been introduced to another lady by a third lady opening civilities with‘How do you do? Come and have a bathe’? And yet you will tell me that the sexes are equal.”ȪRV 126ȫȁ
੝చ࿂͈௖਀ͬକဵ͍ͅည̠͈͉͂̀͜࿱١̭̺̦̈́͂Ȅ̷̱̥̱͉ͦ౳଻൳আ̺̥ͣ‫خ‬ෝ́− 126 −ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͂΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬̜̽̀੫଻൳আ̧͈͉͂ͅྫၑ̱̠̞̠̫̜́͂ͩ́ͥ͡ȃ̷̳̭ͥ͂͒΀ζΕϋঙ̦ഴા̱Ȅȶ੫଻͈ાࣣ͜൳̲̳́ȷ͂༐൞̱ȄΫȜΫঙ͈͂‫́ۼ‬ٛდ̦ૺ͚ȃȁ“I tell you that they shall be,” said Mr Emerson, who had been slowly descending the stairs.
“Good afternoon, Mr Beebe. I tell you they shall be comrades, and George thinks the same.”“We are to raise ladies to our level?” the clergyman inquired.
“The Garden of Eden,” pursued Mr Emerson, still descending, “which you place in the past, isreally yet to come. We shall enter it when we no longer despise our bodies”
Mr Beebe disclaimed placing the Garden of Eden anywhere.
“In this Ƚ not in other things Ƚ we men are ahead. We despise the body less than women do.
But not until we are comrades shall we enter the Garden.”ȪRV 126ȫ΀ζΕϋঙ͉ু໦͈̈́ͤ‫׬ڢ‬۷ͬྶ‫ͥࢊͅږ‬ȃ๞͉රఘ༈ণ̥͈ͣ૽‫͈଻ۼ‬ٜ༶͂Ȅ̷͈୶̜ͥͅ൳঎͈ᣏ̦̹̳ͣ͜ঢ໛ͬ૞̲̞̀ͥȃ̷̹̺͈૞ැͬȄͤ̽̀͢͢ͅཪ঍̥࢜̽̀ͅࢊ̞̭̦̤̥̱̞̽̀ͥ͂ͧȃཪ঍ͬ࿒͈ഌ̱̀ͅȄ݈ა́఑̻໅̷̥̠̞̠͂փ౷՛̭̈́͂ͬࣉ̢̞̫͉̞̀ͥͩ́̈́ȃ̭̭́͜๞͉̹͘Ȅ̱̫̭͐̾̈́ͥ͂̈́̓ͅࡺ̴͙Ȅু໦͈૞̴̭࢛ͥ͂ͧͬͅ੄̴̯͉̞̥̹͈̜ͣͦ̈́̽́ͥͅȃȁරఘ̷ͦুఘ̦ఄࡕͅྖ̻̞̭̀ͥ͂ͬ΀ζΕϋঙ͉‫̩ޑ‬૞̲̞̀ͥȃ઀୰͈ਞͩͤ߃̩ȄσȜΏȜ͉ȄΐοȜΐ͈͒এ̴̞͙̥ͬͣဲգ̱Ȅષၠಎॲ‫૽͈ݭٴ‬୆͈σȜσͅਲ̽̀୆̧̞̭̠̱̞̀͂̀ͥȃ͈ܺͤু໦ͬैͤ੄̱Ȅ‫ز‬௼͞࿻૽ུ̹̻ͅ൚͈ু໦ͬࡉ̵̞̠̱̈́̀͢ͅȄΐοȜΐ̥ͣ൪̬੄̱ΆςΏͺ࣐̱̤̠̳̽̀͂ͥ͘ͅȃ̷ͭ̈́σȜΏȜͬȄ΀ζΕϋঙ̦‫̠ݣ‬ȃσȜΏȜ͂ΐοȜΐ͉̤ࡽ̞ͬՔ̱̞̀ͥȄ͂͜ͅ୆̧ͥո‫ͅٸ‬ൽ͉̞̈́ȃ෎Ⴇͅࢊ̥̫ͤͥ΀ζΕϋঙ͈࡞ဩͅȄ̞̾ͅσȜΏȜ͉૤͈؈ೲ͈ু໦ু૸̧͉ͬ̽ͤ͂ࡉନ̢ͥȃࢯ̱̦̹̞Ք͈ႁ̞̾̀ͅ΀ζΕϋঙ͉ষ͈̠͢ͅࢊͥȃȁ“It isn't possible to love and part. You will wish that it was. You can transmute love, ignore it,
muddle it, but you can never pull it out of you. I know by experience that the poets are right: loveis eternal. . . . I only wish poets would say this, too: that love is of the body; not the body, but of thebody. Ah! the misery that would be saved if we confessed that! Ah for a little directness to liberatethe soul!”ȪRV 202ȫȁՔ͉ະ྽̺ȃఉ̩͈থ૽̦‫̧̜̤̹ͥ́ͤ͂̀̽ן‬ȃ̱̥̱থ૽̹̻̦‫̭̹̥̭͂̽̈́̀̽ן‬̦̜ͥȃ̷͉ͦՔ̦රఘ̱͉̈́́ంह̱̞̞̠̭̺̈́͂͂ȃ΀ζΕϋঙ͉ȄՔ̤̫ͥͅ଻͈փ݅ͬ෎̩ࢊͥȃ΀ζΕϋঙ͉Ȅ২ٛ৽݅৪͂ࡤ͊ͦȄՔ͈‫ͬ݅ޗ‬୰̧Ȅරఘ͈ਹါ଻ͬஶ̢ͥȃ২ٛ৽݅এே͂଻Ք͈သࢌ͈ழ̵͙ࣣ͉ͩȄ΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜͬ‫̩ޑ‬Ⴒே̵̯͈̜ͥ́ͥ͜ȃ− 127 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉ˍ˕ଲ‫ˌˎ̥ͣྎܮ‬ଲ‫ܮ‬੝͛ͅ‫ڰ‬࿬̱̹২ٛ৽݅এே‫̜ͥ́ز‬ȃέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉Ȅȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͈৏ຊً೾́΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈‫ͬޣג‬਋̫̹͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉Ȅˍ˕ˌˍා̥ͣˍ˕ˌˎා͈ൃͅȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͈ࢹேͬႯͤই̹͛ȃ଼͉ۖͅߎႻ̱Ȅ̜̥͂ͣ੥̧ই̹͛ȸഛঀ͜൩͚ͬ‫̭ͧ͂ͥͦޔ‬ȹȪWhere Angels Fear to Treadȫ͂ȸυϋΊΑΠȆΐλȜΣȜȹȪThe Longest Journeyȫ͈͕̠̦୶ͅ੄ๅ̯̹ͦḁ଼̑ۖ࢜̽̀ͅ৏ຊ̦ਜ਼಺ͅૺ̺͈͉ͭˍ˕ˌ˓ා̥̜̈́̽̀ͣ́ͥͅȃ̷͈ා͈ఱ٪඾ͅέ΁ȜΑΗȜ̦֚ාͬ૦ͤ༐̽̀੥̞̹උ੥ςΑΠ̦̜ͤḘ̷̏ͅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈ྴஜ̦̜ͥȪBeauman 211ȫȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉Ȅȸྦྷ৽৽̫݅࢜̀ͅȹȪTowards Democracy, 1881-1912ȫ,ȸ ͼϋΈρϋΡ͈ၑேȹȪEngland's Ideals, 1887ȫ,ȸ ໲ྶȹȪCivilisation, 1889ȫ,ȸ ॲު͈ুဇ̫࢜̀ͅȹȪTowards
Industrial Freedom, 1917ȫ͈̈́̓ಠ੥́Ȅ໤ৗ໲ྶͬ‫̩ޑ‬๡฻̱̹ȃ઼ً̈́໤ဳ̥̹͂ͤ̾ͦͅષၠಎॲ‫͈ݭٴ‬୆‫͉ڰ‬Ȅུြ͉ະါ̈́຦șོ͛ͅ଄̩̯ͦȄႻ൱৪‫͈̥ͣݭٴ‬ो৾̽̀͢ͅ঑̢̞ͣͦ̀ͥ͂Ȅু໦͈੄૸‫ݮ̩̱ࡕͬݭٴ‬౮̳ͥȃ̷̱̀Ȅਫ਼ခ‫͂߸۾‬঩ུ‫̲̦ͭͅ߸۾‬̦̯̹ͣ͛ͦͅ໤ৗ໲ྶ̷͉̞̯͈͘͘ͅྎ‫̱̜̀͂ͥͅܢ‬Ȅૺ‫͈ا‬ষ౲‫̜ͥ́ٴ‬Ȅ‫ފ‬൱Ȫcooperationȫͬಔ̱̹͂‫ވ‬൳ఘ২̦ٛൢြ̳̭ͥ͂ͬ୰̞̹ȃ̭͈‫ވ‬൳ఘ২͉ٛ́Ȅࡢ૽͈ুဇ
͂໹൝̦‫ͤ͜͢ة‬ਹ̲ͭͣͦͥȃুဇ͂໹൝̦‫ږ‬ၛ̱̹২ٛ́Ȅ૽̷͉͈ంहུ͈ৗͅၛ̻༐
̧̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃུြ͈উͬ৾ͤ࿗̱̹૽‫͉ۼ‬Ȅ̴̤͈͂૽႒஠ఘͅ஝࣐̈́ͥ൲̠ͬ͂ͥ̈́ͥ͢ͅȃࡢ૽͈փে͉Ȅ૽႒஠ఘ͈փে͂ুட͈̜ࠫ͊ͦͥ́ͥͅȃ૽႒͂ଲ‫ͅٮ‬૫൫̳ͥȶֳಐഎփেȷ
Ȫthe Cosmic Consciousnessȫ̞͉̾̀ͅȄȸ஻௮͈ࠝ੅ȹ(Art of Creation, 1904ȫͅમ̱̞ȃȁ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈এே͉́Ȅૺ‫ٽ͈ا‬ැ̧̦ͩ͛̀ਹါ̈́࿨‫̞̱̹ͥ̀ضͬڬ‬ȃ‫ڢ‬۷എ́૰๩৽݅എ̈́ૺ‫͈͒ا‬૞ှ̦๞͈এேͬ۹̞̞̀ͥȃਫ਼ခဳͅඉ̯̹ͦ໲ྶ͉Ȅ૽‫ۼ‬২࣏ٛͬ෱̵̯̹ȃ̱̥̱Ȅ̷͉ͦփྙ̩̭̹̭͈̺̠̥̈́ܳ̽͂̈́ͧȃ๞͉থഎࣞလ͂͂͜ͅ࿚̞̥̫ͥȃDo you suppose it is all for nothing that disbelief has gone out over the world; that wearinesshas taken possession of the souls of the rich, and that fatal darkness enfolds the head of wealth andeducation.? . . .
When Labor is not loyal and true, nor the Laborers loyal and true to each other; when a man has
no pride in the creation of his hands, nor rejoices to make it perfect; when machinery is perfectly
organised and human souls are hopelessly disorganized;
Do you think all these things mean nothing? (Towards Democracy 49 – 50)‫ܥ‬٫എ̈́໤ৗ໲ྶ͞૽‫̥ͣ଻ۼ‬ம‫͈૽ࡢ̹̯ͦٸ‬উ͉Ȅ̴̞ͦ͜ૺ‫͈͈̥͈֚̾̈́ا‬౲‫̳ͅٴ‬̨̞̈́ȃ̷̦ͦ๞͈൞̢̜́ͥȃࡣ̞ଷഽ͞୆‫̬͉̦ڰ‬၂̻̦ͥ͂͂̀͜͞ͅȄ૽‫͂ۼ‬ଲ‫ͅٮ‬͂̽̀ͤ͢ুட̈́౲‫̦ٴ‬ངͦͥȃ‫܉‬ஜͅࢩ̦ͥ໲ྶ͈՛̧̱উ͉Ȅ૽‫ۼ‬ୈ૰̦ૺ༜̱̞̩̹̀͛ͅ๰̫͉̀೒̞ͦ̈́ൽ̜́ͥ͂൳শͅȄ૧̱̞౲‫ે͈ب͈̹̞́ͥ͘ͅٴ‬ఠ̨̳̞̈́ͅȃ΃− 128 −ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͂΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬ȜβϋΗȜ͈ࣉ̢ͥૺ‫͉͂ا‬Ȩ͉̏̽ͤ͂ࢨ໛༷̈́࢜଻͈̺̹ͬ̾̽͜͜ȃ΃ Ȝ β ϋ Η Ȝ ͉Ȅ ඤ എ ါ ֦ ̦ ૺ ‫ ͬ ا‬௯ ̳ ͂ ̳ ͥ ρ ζ σ ·ȪJean-Baptist Pierre Antoine deMonet, Chevalier de Lamarck, 1744-1829ȫ͈ࣉ̢༷ͬྶ‫ͅږ‬঑঵̱̹ȃȶ͉̩၂ȇρζσ·చΘȜ;ͻϋȷȪ“Exfoliation: Lamarck vs Darwin”ȫ͂ఴ̯̹ͦ໲ડ͈ಎ́๞͉ȄΘȜ;ͻϋ͈ুடൕఋ͈ࣉ̢༷͉Ȅ‫ٸ‬എါ֦ͥ͢ͅૺ‫ུ̢̦̳ͥ͂͠ͅܖͬا‬Ȅ̜̩́͘໗ষഎ̨͈̳̈́̈́͜ͅ
̞͂੆͓̞̀ͥȃȁȁȁOn the whole then, judging from man himself, . . . it certainly seems to me that, thoughthe external conditions are a very important factor in Variation, the central explanation of thisphenomenon should be sought in an inner law of Growth Ƚ a law of expansion more or lesscommon to all animate nature. Partly because, as said before, the unfolding of the creature fromits own needs and inward nature is an organic process, and likely to be persistent, while its
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one direction and sometimes in another; partly also because the movement from within outwards
seems to be most like the law of creation in general. Under this view the external conditions
would be considered a secondary Ƚ WKRXJKLPSRUWDQWFDXVHRIPRGL¿FDWLRQDQGUHJDUGHGUDWKHU
as the influences that give form and detail to the great primal impulse of growth from within.
(Civilisation 170-71)ඤഎ଻ৗ̦̠̦̳̈́‫ٸ‬എࠁఠ͈་‫͉ا‬Ȅခ‫ܥ‬എ́঵௽എ̈́อో̹̳ͬͣ͜ȃ̷ͦͅచ̱Ȅ‫ٸ‬എ۪‫ࠁ̳֦ͥܳͅޏ‬ఠ་‫͉ا‬Ȅߘอഎ́Ȅਅ̦༷̓ͭ̈́࢜ͅૺ͚͈̥̦‫׋‬හ̵͈̜̈́́ͥȃȁ̭͈໲ડ͈̳̭̱ஜ́Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉ȶഐ৪୆ంȷ͈̭͂ͬȄȶߘட̷̠ͅ୆̞̹̺̫ͦ̾́͘਀ͅවͦͣͦͥ‫ٸ‬എ́հօ଼̈́ࢗȷȪ“a sort of easy success won by an external accident ofbirth”ȫ͂ࡤ̞ͭ́ͥȃ਷ّ͈̥ͣ൪̞̠ͦͥ͂ၑဇ̺̫́૽‫̦ۼ‬ඵ௷༜̧࣐̠́ͥ͢ͅૺ‫ا‬̱̹̳͂ͦ͊Ȅȶ୆̧໤͈̜ؐ́ͤ঑෻৪̜́ͥ૽‫ۼ‬ȷȪ“Man, the lord and ruler of the animals”ȫ̜ͤ͘ͅͅয̥̱̩̞̾ͩ̈́ȃ̺̦Ȅඤഎါ֦ͥ͢ͅૺ‫̢༷͊ͦ͢ͅࣉ͈ا‬Ȅ̢̹͂࿤਷̥ͣ൪̬͈͍̹ͥ͛ͅරఘ͈ૺ‫̱̹̯̦̠̦̀͂ͦ̈́͜ا‬Ḙ̷͉̏ͅૺ‫ͬا‬བ͚ඤഎ‫ܐ‬བȪ“desire”ȫ
͂ྶ‫̈́ږ‬ൢోത̦ంह̳ͥȃ਷͉̩́̈́Ȅ૽‫ܐ͈ۼ‬བ̷̭̦ૺ‫ࠨ͈ا‬೰എါ֦͈̜̈́́ͥȃ̭͈ૺ‫̭͈ͬ͂ا‬Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉Ȅ³WKHXSKLOO¿JKWRIDQDWXUHWKDWKDVJURZQLQZDUGO\DQGZLQV
expression for itself in spite of external obstacles” ͂ࠁယ̱̹ȪCivilisation 169-70ȫȃߎඳͅ఑̻ੳ̻Ȅুࡨͬນ੄̳ͥ૽‫͈̈́ܲࣞۼ‬উ̦ͼιȜΐ̯̞͈̦̥ͦ̀ͥͩͥȃߎඳ͈ྎͅૺ‫̯̹̦ͣ͜ا‬̞̠̭͈ͦͥ͂ࣉ̢༷͉Ȅ໤ৗ໲ྶ̦̦̀͞઺ͤ‫̢ͦͣק‬Ȅ২ٛ৽݅എ̈́‫ވ‬൳ఘ২̦ٛൢြ̳̞̠ͥ͂๞͈এே͜ͅࡉ̹͈̺ͣͦ͜ȃਅ̱͈͂̀૽႒͈ૺ‫͂ا‬Ȅ২ٛࠁఠ͈ૺ‫̦ا‬Ȅ൳ࢥ։ެ͈໤ࢊͬຝ̞̞̀ͥȃȁ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉Ȅૺ‫ͬا‬୆̵̲̯ͥඤഎ‫ܐ‬བ̞̯̾̀ͣͅͅࣉख़̱ȄՔ̷̭̦Ȅඤഎ‫ܐ‬བ͈

− 129 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ̽͂ࣞ͜͜ষ͈̜̈́́ͤ͜Ȅ૽‫࡛ͬۼ‬ह͈উͅૺ‫̵̹̯ا‬डఱ͈ါ֦̺͂ࠫა̳ͥȃ̶̈́̈́ͣ૽͉ͅȄ૽‫૸͈̱̀͂ۼ‬ఘͬ‫ܐͥ͛ݥ‬བ̦̜̥̺ͥͣȃ๞̨͉͈̠̾͢ͅ੆͓̞̀ͥȃȁAnd this Love, which is the culmination of desire, does it not appear to us as a worship of anddesire for the bodily human form; in our interior selves a perception and worship of an ideal
human form, the revelation of a Splendour dwelling in others, which Ƚ clouded and dimmed as it
inevitably may come to be Ƚ remains after all one of the most real, perhaps the most real, of thefacts of existence? Desire, therefore Ƚ as it exists in man, look at it how you will Ƚ as it unfolds
and its ultimate aim becomes clearer and clearer to itself, is seen to be the desire and longing for thedeliverance and expression of the real human Being. (Civilisation 176-77)ȁ
Ք͉ͅȄఈ৪͈රఘͬ‫ܨͥ͛ݥ‬঵̻̦͙̭̞࣫ͦ̀ͥ͘ȃ̭̭͉́૽႒τασ͈́රఘ͈ૺ‫ا‬͂Ք͈‫̦̺͈̞͓ͥ̀ͦͣ੆̞̀̾ͅ߸۾‬Ȅ̷͈ܱ੆͉ယօͅࡢ૽τασ͈́Ք͂଻͈‫ͬ߸۾‬ே̵̯ܳͥȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈এே͉Ȅࡢ૽͂஠ఘȪ໐௼̥ͣ૽႒́͘ȫ͈ྫփেഎ֚̈́ఘ‫ا‬ͬඅಭ̱͂̾̾͜Ȅआུ͉ͅࡢ૽͈ুࡨນ੄̞̠͂‫ٽ‬ැ̦‫̞̹ͥ̀̽ͩ؍‬ȪRowbotham 146ȫȃ๞͈̞̠ၑேഎ‫ވ‬൳ఘ͉͂Ȅࡢ૽͈ᣏ͈ΥΛΠχȜ·̜́ͥȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉૽‫ͬۼ‬ਬ౬̱͈͙͂̀໦ଢ଼̳̭͉̱̥̹ͥ͂̈́̽ȃ๞̦ૺ‫̧͂ͥࢊ̞̀̾ͅا‬Ḙ̷͉͇̏̾ͅͅࡢ૽͈ంह̦̜ͥȃՔͬ૽‫͈اૺ͈ۼ‬ೀതͅպ౾̧̫̹̿͂Ḙ̷̏ͅՔ͂଻͈ΞȜζ̦ਹ͇̞͈ͣͦ̀ͥ͜΃ȜβϋΗȜ̱̞ͣȃȁՔ͂଻͈࿚ఴ͈͒‫۾‬૤͉Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈এேͬඅಭ̫͈̜̿ͥ́ͥ͜ȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉൳଻Ք৪̜̹́̽ȃˍ˔˔ˑාͅค੉ິ͈൳փාႢ̦ˍˏप̥ͣˍ˒प̧֨ͅષ̬ͣͦͥߺ༹٨ୃ̦࣐̹ͩͦȃ̧̭͈͂ͅρήΏͿͺਘୃૄ͈̦ࣜ̈́ͥ͜೏‫̯ͥͦح‬ȃ̭͈ਘୃૄࣜ̽̀͢ͅȄ࢖‫͈ވ‬ા̴͈͙̈́ͣȄίρͼαȜΠ̈́ႀ֖ͬ੄̞̈́౳଻൳଻Ք̦́͘͜ๆऻ͂ࡉ̯̠̱̹̈́ͦͥ̈́̽̀̽͘͢ͅȪസಃ 99ȈRowbotham 103ȫȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉ȄρήΏͿͺਘୃૄࣜͬക෱ͅ೏̞ࣺ͚̹͛Ȅ൳଻Քသࢌ͈΅λϋβȜϋͬ৘࣐ͅ֊̱Ȅˍ˔˕ːා̥ͣˍ˔˕ˑා̥̫̀ͅ଻ͅ‫̳ͥ۾‬ː༎͈ΩϋέτΛΠͬอນ̳ͥȃ̱̥̱୬՛̩Ȅံා͉ͅ΂Α΃ȜȆχͼσΡ̦൳଻Ք͈ऻ̽̀͢ͅခऻ͂̈́ͤȄˎා͈ਹႻ൱ͬ‫̵ͥͦͣش‬ম࠯̧̦̱̠ܳ̀͘ȃ൳଻Ք৪̹̻̦২̥͈ٛͣဲգͬ৘̵̢̰̞ۜͥͬ̈́ે‫̥͈̈́ޙ‬Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͜এ̠̠̈́͢‫ڰ‬൲̧̦̩́̈́̈́ͥȃ̷ͦ́͜΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉Ȅ̷̞̠͈̽૥ਹ̯͂ුͤ‫͈଻̯́ޑ‬࿚ఴͬ೹̱ܳ௽̫̹ȪRowbotham 200ȫȃˍ˔˕ːාͅอນ̯̹ͦΩϋέτΛΠ͈̠̻ˏ༎͉Ȅˍ˔˕˒ාͅ
ȸՔ଼͈੃ȹȪLove's Coming-of-AgeȄո‫ ئ‬LCAȫ̱͂̀͂͛ͣͦ͘Ȅ൳଻Քͬ৽ఴ̳͂ͥॼͥˍ༎͜ˍ˕ˌ˒ා͈లˑๅ́ਓ჏̯̹ͦȃȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ৏ຊ൚শȄ൳଻Ք৪̱͈͂̀ͺͼΟϋΞͻΞͻͬ࿅̱̞̹॑̀έ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉Ȅ൳଻Քͅ‫̹̱߸۾‬੥໤ͬਬಎഎͅඋ̞̹ͭ́ȃ̷͈̥̈́ͅ;΁σΠȆγͼΛΠζϋȪWalt WhitmanȫȄJ. A. ΏκϋΒȪJ. A. SymondsȫȄA. E. Χ;ΑζϋȪA. E. Housemanȫ̈́̓͂͂͜ͅȄ΃ȜβϋΗȜ̦‫̜͈̹̞ͥ́̀ͦ͘܄‬ȃȸՔ଼͈− 130 −ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͂΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬੃ȹ͉Ȅ੄ๅ൚੝̷̭੥ບ̹̩̽৾ͤ͘͜ͅષ̬̞ͣͦ̈́႖̹̞ե̞ͬ਋̫̹̦Ȅ࢛΋ή಍৘ͅคͦ௽̫̹ȃΡͼΜࢊ͞έρϋΑࢊཱུ̈́̓͜ͅ࿫̯ͦȄఉ̩͈උ৪ͬ‫ڕ‬ං̳̭ͥ͂̈́ͥͅ
ȪRowbotham 218ȫȃ൚শ͈২ٛ೒ැͅಯ͙Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉Ȅරఘ̦Ք̩͓̥̰͈̜͂̽̀ࠧͣͥ́ͥ͂͜ͅ৽ಫ̱̹ȃ໲ྶ‫ا‬ոஜȄ͂͂͜͜૽͉଻എဳ‫̥̤̤ͣͬͅݥ‬਋̫ව̞̹ͦ̀ȃ଻͉Ȅआ࡙എ̈́‫ڰ‬ႁͬયಭ̳̥̱̞͈̺̹ͥܵ̽͜ȃ̱̥̱Ȅ૽‫ু͉ۼ‬ட̷͈̠̱̹͂ྫփেഎ̈́಺გͬ৤̯̱̠̀̽̀͘ȃ:KLOHWKHJORU\RI6H[SHUYDGHVDQGVXIIXVHVDOO1DWXUHZKLOHWKHÀRZHUVDUHUD\HGDQGVWDUUHG
out towards the sun in the very ecstasy of generation; while the nostrils of the animals dilate,
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human lover is transformed, and in the great splendors of the mountains and the sky perceives
something to which he had not the key before Ƚ \HWLWLVFXULRXVWKDWMXVWKHUHLQ0DQZH¿QGWKH
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kind of unconscious harmony had erst prevailed. (LCA 5)໲ྶ‫͙ૺ̦ا‬Ȅ଻͉ဲգ̯̞̩ͦ̀ȃ΅ςΑΠ‫ͅޗ‬యນ̯ͦͥ޺ဳ৽݅എ̈́এே̦঑෻̱̹߃య̤̞̀ͅȄරఘഎՔ͉ୈ૰എ̈́Ք͂୨ͤၗ̯ͦȄ؄̱̞͈̱ͣ͂̀֯͜໽̯̹ͦȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉ȄՔ͈૸ఘ଻͈ٝ໘ͬ৽ಫ̳ͥȃ໦ၗ̯̱̹ͦ̀̽͘Ք͂଻ͬȄ̠֚͜ഽ͍̫̠̱̹͈̺ࠫ̾͂͢ȃՔ͂଻ུ͉ৗഎ͉ͅ൳̲͈͈͉̞͈̥̈́́̈́͜ȃ๞͉࿚̠ȃMay we not say that there is probably some sort of Transmutation of essences continually effectedand effectible in the human frame? Lust and Love Ƚ the Aphrodite Pandemos and the Aphrodite
Ouranios Ƚ are subtly interchangeable. Perhaps the corporeal amatory instinct and the ethereal
human yearning for personal union are really and in essence one thing with diverse forms ofmanifestation. (LCA 7)଻Ք͉Ȅୈ૰എ̈́Քͅ‫̞͉͈̫̈́́ͥ͂ͬ֨ͣ͜ة‬ȃၰ৪͈̻̦̞͉Ȅࡐह͈ఉအ଻̨̜̱̞̳̞ͬͣͩ̀ͥ̈́ͅȃ͚̱ͧ଻Ք͉Քͬͤۖ͢஠͈̳̈́ͥ͜ͅȃ౶എȆୈ૰എ௰࿂͈͙́௖਀̦͂̾̈́ͥՔ̜̠̥ͤͥ͜͜౶̞ͦ̈́ȃ̱̥̱Ȅ̷̠̱̹Ք̦̲̠͐ͭ͟ͅ૬̭͉ͥ͂ͦ́͘͘Ȅಿ௽̧̱̞̈́͂΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉ࣉ̢ͥȃȁȁȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͈΀ζΕϋঙ͈ “love is of the body” ̞̠͂૞ැ͉Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈̭̠̱̹এேͬ‫̩ޑ‬฽‫̢̞̞̀ࣉ̞̱͂ͥ̀ד‬ȃՔ͈आ࡙͉ͅරఘ̦̜͈̺ͥȃέ΁ȜΑΗȜ̦΃ȜβϋΗȜͅ‫̹̱ۜވ‬ၑဇ͈͉͌͂̾Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈଻Ք͈သࢌ̦Ȅષၠಎॲ‫͈ܺݭٴ‬஝എ̈́ષ຦̯ͬ๡฻̳ͥণതͬ೹‫̜̭̹̱ͥ́͂ރ‬ȃ̷͉ͦષၠಎॲ‫ͼ͈ݭٴ‬Ο΂υΆȜ͈͒ͺϋΙΞȜΔ̜̹́̽ȃȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͈́σȜΏȜ͈डఱ͈ഌ͉Ȅু໦̦௺̳ͥ‫͈ݭٴ‬ଲ‫ۼ‬ఘ͈̯͢Ȫrespectabilityȫ̜́ͥȃ̳̱̹͂ͤ͘ષ຦̯̦Ȩ̏ͩષ̦ͥۜૂͬ߿͉ࣺ͙͛ͅ໑− 131 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ̲ࣺ̱̠̤̠̳͛̀͂ͥ͘ȃ̷̞̥ͦͅͅ೷ࢯ̳̥ͥȃέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͈઀୰͈̠̻ड੝͈ˏै຦͉Ȅ̴̞̭͈ͦ͜ଲ‫ۼ‬ఘ͂૤͈చၛͬຝ̞̞̀ͥȃˏै຦͈̥̈́́Ȅ૤͈௰̦ྶ‫ͅږ‬ੳ၌̢̱̹̞͈͉͂ͥȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ̺̫̜́ͥȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈଻Ք͈ഓ‫̦ڠ‬Ȅέ΁ȜΑΗȜͅ࿹ਜ̈́໌‫ͬܕ‬ဓ̢̹̞̞̞̺̠͂̽̀ͧȃၑே‫ͬޡ‬೏̞‫΃ͥ͛ݥ‬ȜβϋΗȜ͈‫ڢ‬۷എ̈́এே͉Ȅ૤͈ੳ၌ͬຝ̩઀୰͉ͅ͏̯̱̞ͩͼϋΑάτȜΏοϋ̺̹̽ȃ΀ζΕϋঙ͉Ȅȶ൳঎̷̭̈́̽̀ͅȄ͉̲͛̀‫ͅ׬ڢ‬ව̧̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȷ͂෎༕̱̞̹̀ȃȶ൳঎ȷ̞̠͂࡞ဩ͜Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈΅ȜχȜΡ̺ȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈ࣉ̢ͥ൳঎ՔȪcomradeshipȫ͉Ȅۖ஠̈́໹൝͂ুဇ͈͈͂́͜૶Ք̜́ͥȃ̷͉ͦၑே‫ވ‬൳ఘ২͈ٛࡢ૽ͬࠫ͐ᣏ̺ȃ̹͘Ȅ̷͉ͦ੫଻ͬ႞௺̵̯ͥ‫ز‬຿ಿଷ২͈ٛ๡฻ͬ‫̹̞́ͭ͜܄‬ȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉ȄՔ଼̦੃̳̭ͥ͂́Ȅ૽‫ུ̦ۼ‬ြ঵̞̯̰̽̀ͥ̈́͘͘ෝႁ͞଻ৗ̦‫಺ފ‬എͅ൱̩̠̈́ͥ͂͢ͅ୰̩ȃ̱̥̱౳଻͂੫଻͉́Ȅ̷଼͈੃͈ഽࣣ̞ͅओ̦୆̲ͥȃ੫଻͉Ȅ୆̧ͦ̾͘ুட͈୫ၑͅ߃̞ంह̜́ͤȄ૬‫́׿‬૰୉ུ̈́ෝ̠̻ͬͅ๩̞͛̀ͥȪLCA 40ȫȃ̭ͦͅ฽̱౳଻͉ȄՔ͈͒‫۾‬૤̦ถ̩Ȅ̷͈փྙͬၑ̴ٜ̳̭̦͚̥̱̞ͥ͂ȃ౳଻͈Քૂ͉Ȅ੫଻ͤ͢‫̦̺͈̞ޑ‬Ȅ̷͈਀ࣇ̜ͬ̾ͥܿ͞ၾ͉́੫଻̞̻̲̱̩ͥͅႦͥȃ̭̠̱̀૤଼͈ಿ଼̞ͬ͂̈́ͩ̈́͘͘͜૽̳ͥ౳̹̻͉Ȅ̞ͩ͊੫଻ͅส̾൚̹̳̥̹̻ͤͥ́ཕ߯͂‫̱ا‬Ȅ੫଻ͬ႞௺̵̯ͥȃཕ௢̳ͥ଻઩൲ͬ΀ΥσΆȜ̱͂̀Ȅ໤ৗഎ้͉ͅ‫̦̳ͥו‬Ȅ૽‫ۼ‬എ̈́Քૂ̩̞̹ͬ͌̓ࠧ২ٛͬैͤ੄̱̱̠͈̜̀́ͥ͘ (LCA 25 - 27ȫȃAnyhow, the point is that Man with his great uncoordinated nature has during these later centuries
dominated the other sex, and made himself the ruler of society. In consequence of which wenaturally have a society made after his pattern Ƚ a society advanced in mechanical and intellectualinvention, with huge passional and emotional elements, but all involved in whirling confusion andstrife Ƚ a society ungrown, which on its material side may approve itself a great success, but on its
more human and affectional side seems at times an utter failure. (LCA 28)΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈൳঎Ք͉Ḙ̠̱̹̏଻ओ͈ະ໹൝ͬ෱̱Ȅ౳଻͂੫଻̦૯ͅুဇ́໹൝̈́ᣏ̭ͬࠫ͐͂͜াऐ̱̞̹̀ȃ΀ζΕϋঙ̦σȜΏȜͅՔ͈փྙͬࢊ̧ͥ͂Ḙ̷͉̭͈̏ͅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈ၑே̦ு̞̹̞̞̞̺̠́ͣͦ̀͂̽̀ͧȃȁ༷֚Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈൳঎Ք͈‫ٽ‬ැ̦Ȅ൳଻Քͬသࢌ̳ͥ࿒എͬ঵̞̹̭̽̀͂͜དྷ͉̞ͦ̀̈́ͣ̈́ȃ̭͈̭͉͂Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈এேͬέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͂̽̀ͤ͢ͅྛႁഎ͈̱̹̺̠̈́ͧ͜ͅȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉ȄȸՔ଼͈੃ȹͅˍ˕ˌ˒ාͅ೏‫̹̯ͦح‬ડ͈̥̈́́Ȅ౳଻͂੫଻͈‫ٮޏ‬஌ષ̜ͥͅȶಎ‫଻͈ۼ‬ȷȪ“the intermediate sex”ȫ̦ంह̳̭ͥ͂ͬ৽ಫ̱Ȅ̳͓͈̀൳଻
Ք৪ͬྫૄ࠯ͅ‫̞̱ͩ͘ܝ‬։ુ৪͂ࡉ̳̈́൚শ͈೒ැͬ๡฻̱̹ȃ̯͉ͣͅȄ൳଻Ք৪͉౳੫͈଻͈‫ܨ‬ৗͬ࠳̷̢͇̞̭̦̜̹̈́̀ͥ͂ͥ͛Ȅ։଻Ք৪͉ࣾͅඳ̲͂ۜͣͦͥ࿨‫̳̹ضͬڬ‬̧̭̦̱̹͂́ͥ͂ȃ૽႒͈อജ̤̫ͥͅ൳଻Ք৪͈ంह‫ث‬౵ͬୟޭഎͅ‫̜͈̹̱ͥ́಺ޑ‬ȃ− 132 −ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͂΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬̭͈৽ಫ͉ˍ˕ˌ˔ා੄ๅ͈ The Intermediate Sex ́Ȅ̯ͣͅࢩ̦̞̩̽̀ȃȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ৏ຊ൚শȄέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉൳଻͈͒Քૂ̧͉ͬ̽ͤ͂ু‫̹̞̱̀ژ‬ȃ̷ͭ̈́๞ͅȄ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈൳଻Ք͈သࢌ̦ఱ̧̈́߼া̹̜̠̭͉̈́̽́ͧ͂ͅே௨ͅඳ̩̞̈́ȃ̷͉͈̻ͦͅ੥̥ͦͥ൳଻Քͬ৽ఴ̳͂ͥ઀୰ȸκȜςΑȹȪMauriceȫ̦Ȅͤ͢ೄ୪എͅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈‫ͬޣג‬਋̫̞̭̥̀ͥ͂ͣ͜ྶ̥̜ͣ́ͥȃ̽͂͜͜Ȅȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹͅࡠͥ̈́ͣȄ൳଻Ք͉̹֯ͦκΙȜέ̱͂̀ࣉ̢̤̩͈̦̀ఏ൚̺̠ͧȃതह̳ͥ൳଻Քഎ̈́΋ΦΞȜΏοϋȪ̢̹͂͊ΐοȜΐ͂έτΟͻȄΫȜΫঙ͈ˏ૽͈କဵ͍͈ા࿂͞ȄΫȜΫঙ̦া̱̹ࠫँ͈̜͒ͤ͘ͅ႖ౠ̈́ఠഽ̈́̓ȫ͉ྫণ̧̞̱́̈́̀͜ͅȄै຦஠ఘ͈ΨρϋΑ̥̱ͣ̀ȄσȜΏȜ͂ΐοȜΐ͈౳੫͈Ք̷̭̦ै຦͈‫ݥ‬૤ႁ̜́ͥ͂ࣉ̢̧͓̺ͥȃ“comradeship” ̞̠͂ࢊ͜Ȅඵ૽͈Քͬ࣊೰̳̠ͥ͢ͅঀ̞ͩͦ̀ͥȪRV44; ch. 4, 154; ch. 15ȫȃ ΀ζΕϋঙ͈੹̢ͥ൳঎Ք͜Ȅల֚݅എ͉ͅ౳੫‫ু͈ۼ‬ဇ͂໹൝͈‫۾‬߸̢̧̜̳͈̤̹̞ͬͣͩ͂͂ͣ̀͜ȃȁέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉ȄරఘഎՔ͈ဲգ̥͈ٜͣ༶ͅ‫̱ۜވ‬Ȅȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͈̥̈́́΀ζΕϋঙͅ΃ȜβϋΗȜͬඵਹৢ̱̱̹ͅȃ̱̥̱έ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫͈ڠ‬஠ఘ̷͈ͬ͘͘नဥ̱̹̫͉̥̹ͩ́̈́̽ȃ̢̜̀΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈এே͈֚໐͈͙ͬ৾ͤව̹͈̜ͦ́ͥȃ̷ͦͬ‫̹̥͛ͥ͛ͅږ‬ȄՔུ͈ৗ̞͈̾̀ͅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈ࣉ̢̯̹͙̠ͬͣ̓̽̀͢ͅȃȁ΃ȜβϋΗȜ̦੹̢̹රఘഎՔ͈ୃ൚଻͉Ȅ൚শ̱͉͂̀฽২ٛഎ̈́́͘ͅఱ౨͈̜̈́́͜
̹̽ȃՔȪLoveȫ͂చၛ̳ͥ͂ࣉ̢̞̹ͣͦ̀଻ဳȪLustȫͬȄՔ͉͂୨ͤၗ̵̞͈̈́͂͜৽ಫ̱̹̥̜ͣ́ͥȃ̢̹͂͊ȸ໲ྶȹ̤̞̀ͅ๞͉Ȅਫ਼ခဳͅඏ̧൲̥̯̹ͦ໲ྶ̽̀͢ͅ૽‫̦ۼ‬ఎ၂̱Ȅ̷͉֚ͦ́͘ఘ͈͈̜̹́̽͜Ք͂଻Ք̦ߊ໦̯̭̹͈̺ͦͥ͂̈́̽͂ͅ৽ಫ̱̞̀ͥȃո‫͈֨ئ‬ဥ́ಕ࿒̧̳͓͉Ȅୈ૰എ̈́Ք̦ȶඤ௰͈Քȷ
Ȅ଻Ք̦ȶ‫ٸ‬௰͈Քȷ͂ࡤ͊
̞̭̜ͦ̀ͥ͂́ͥȃ   $FFRUGLQJO\ZH¿QGWKDWLWKDVEHHQWKHZRUNRI&LYLOLVDWLRQ Ƚ founded as we have seen on
Property Ƚ in every way to disintegrate and corrupt man Ƚ literally to corrupt Ƚ to break up theunity of his nature. It begins with the abandonment of the primitive life and the growth of the senseof shameȪas in the myth of Adam and Eve). From this follows the disownment of the sacrednessof sex. Sexual acts cease to be a part of religious worship; love and desire Ƚ the inner and the outerlove Ƚ hitherto undifferentiated, now become two separate things. (Civilisation 31-32) ȁ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉ȄՔ͂଻Ք͉͂͂͜͜ߊ༆̧̯͓͉̞̱̦ͦͥ́̈́͂̈́ͣ͜Ȅ໲ྶ̽̀͢ͅՔ̦໦౯̯̱̹࡛ͦ̀̽͘ેͬ൩̢͘ȄՔ͂଻Քͬ༆ࡢͅა̲ͥȃ̷͈षͅ๞͉Ȅஜ৪ͬඤ͈̱̈́ͥ͂͜Ȅࢃ৪ͬ‫ߊ͈͂ͥ̈́͜ٸ‬໦̱̹ȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈এே͉ͅȄඤഎ͈̈́͂͜‫ٸ‬എ͈̈́͜− 133 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ͈ߊ໦̦͇̾ͅంह̳ͥȃඤഎ͈̈́͂͜‫ٸ‬എ͈͉̈́͜Ȩ͉̏͂ͅྶ‫̈́ږ‬చၛ‫଼̱ࢹͬ߸۾‬Ȩ͉͈֚̏͂̾ͅমય͈։̈́ͥτασͬྶা̵̱͙͈̀ͥͅঀͩͦͥȃඤ͈͉̈́ͥ͜Ȅུৗ͞ୈ૰Ȅຽ༑଻̈́̓ͬນ̱Ȅ‫͉͈ͥ̈́͜ٸ‬Ȅນ௄Ȅນ੄Ȅߓ࡛͈‫ٽ‬ැ̽̀͢ͅඅಭ̫̿ͣͦͥȃ̭͈ၰ৪͈̠̻Ȅͤ͢ਹါ͈͉̈́ඤ͈͈͕̠̺̞̠͈̦̈́ͥ͂͜Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈֚۹̱̹৽ಫ̜́ͥȃՔ̞͈̾̀ͅࣉख़͜႕‫̞͉̈́́ٸ‬ȃ଻Ք͉૽‫ͅۼ‬ະ‫̜͈ͤ́̈́ࠧ͜خ‬Ȅ଻͈‫͉͍ܔ‬Ȅ̹̩̽͘ুட͈̜̈́́ͥ͜ȃ̱̥̱Ȅ‫ٸ‬௰͈Ք̜́ͥ଻Ք͉Ȅඤ̈́ͥୈ૰എ̈́Ք͈͂‫͉́߸۾‬ඵষഎ̨͈̳̞̈́̈́͜ͅȃ଻Քͬ࿒എ̱͂̀೏̞‫΃̞͉͂̈́ͣ̈́̀͛ݥ‬ȜβϋΗȜ͉੆͓ͥȃȁIn going off in pursuit of things external, the “I”Ȫsince it really has everything and needs nothingȫ
deceives itself, goes out from its true home, tears itself asunder, and admits a gap or rent in its ownbeing. This, it must be supposed, is what is meant by sin Ƚ the separation or sundering of one's
being Ƚ and all the pain that goes therewith. It all consists in seeking those external things andpleasures; not (a thousand times be it saidȫin the external things or pleasures themselves. They
are all fair and gracious enough; their place is to stand round the throne and offer their homage Ƚrank behind rank in their multitudes Ƚ if so be we will accept it. But for us to go out of ourselves
to run after them, to allow ourselves to be divided and rent in twain by their attraction, that is aninversion of the order of heaven. . . . Pleasure should come as the naturalȪand indeed inevitableȫ
accompaniment of life, believed in with a kind of free faith, but never sought as the object of life. Itis in the inversion of this order that the uncleanness of the senses arises. (LCA 14-15)଻͈‫͉͍ܔ‬Ȅུြ͉๼̱̩࿹̺ٗȃ̱̥̱଻Ք͉̜̩́͘‫ٸ‬എ͈̜̈́́ͥ͜ȃඤഎ͈̈́ͬ͜ࠚ
ণ̱‫ٸ‬എ̈́‫͍ͬܔ‬೏̞‫̧͂ͥ͛ݥ‬Ḙ̷̏ͅു॒̦୆ͦͥ͘ȃ଻Ք͉Ȅୈ૰എ̈́Ք͈ൡଷ͈͂͜Ȅഐ୨̈́պ౾ͅਓ̫̞͈̺ͣ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͘ȃAs long as the objects of the outer world excite emotions in him which pass beyond his control, solong do those objects stand as the signals of evil Ƚ of disorder and sin. Not that the objects are badin themselves, or even the emotions which they excite, but that all through this period these things
serve to the man as indications of his weakness. But when the central power is restored in man andall things are reduced to his service, it is impossible for him to see badness in anything. The bodily
is no longer antagonistic to the spiritual love, but is absorbed into it. All his passions take theirplaces perfectly naturally, and become, when the occasions arise, the vehicles of his expression.
(Civilisation 53)
΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈ࣉ̢ͥՔ̦Ȩ̏ͩ͛̀಺გഎ́෫౦͈̞͈̜̭̦̈́́ͥ͂͜࿒ၛ̾ȃ̷͈಺გ͈̥͉̈́́Ȅ଻Ք͉ඵষഎ͈̈́͜Ȅষ஝͈ంह̜́ͥȃ̭͈̭͂ͬ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉Ȅ֣ͤ͢યഎͅȄ̷̱̀ࠨ೰എͅȶ଻࢐͉Ȅ૯৘͈Ք̧͈͍͈ࠫ̾ͺτΌςȜ̜́ͥȷȪ“the Prime objectof the sex is the physical union as the allegory and expression of the real union”ȫ͂੆͓̞̀ͥ (LCA− 134 −ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͂΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬21ȫȃȁ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉଻Ք͈ΑΞͻΈζ̨͉̹ͬ৾̽ȃՔͬࢊ̧ͥ͂Ȅරఘ̥ͣ࿒ͬ෸̫ͥຈါ͉̞̈́ȃ̷̦ͦ๞͈৽ಫ̺̹̽ȃ൳শ̱̥̱ͅȄ଻Ք͉ୈ૰എՔ͈঑෻‫ͅئ‬౾̧̥͓͈̱ͦͥ͂̀͜պ౾̫̱̹̿ͣͦ͜ȃ଻Ք͉ୈ૰എՔͅ‫ݟ‬ਓ̯ͦͥȃ̷ً͈೾͉Ȅޭષ͈χͼϋ͈̠ͩͦͩͦͬ͢ͅଜ̵ͩͥ͂΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉੆͓ͥȃHow intoxicating indeed, how penetrating Ƚ like a most precious wine Ƚ is that love which is thesexual transformed by the magic of the will into the emotional and spiritual!ȁ(LCA 6ȫ଻Ք͈ઌ‫̦ۗل‬ෝഎ̈́ͼιȜΐ́ຝ̥̞̭ͦ̀ͥ͂ͧͅȄ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈এே̦ާੀ̢̯̞̞̺̠ͦ̀ͥ͂ͥͧȃՔ͂଻Ք͉֚͂͂͜͜ఘ̜̹̦́̽Ȅ໲ྶ͈՛‫̵̞͈́ޣג‬໦‫΃̹̱͂ا‬ȜβϋΗȜ͉ࣉ̢ͥȃ૽႒͈ૺ‫ً͈ا‬೾́Ȅ໤ৗ໲ྶ̦‫ވ‬൳ఘ২ٛͅ౾̧̢̞̠۟ͣͦͥ͂๞͈ࣉ̢༷̥̳ͣͦ͊ȄՔ͂଻Ք͈໦ၗ̦͉̀͜͞ຈடഎٜͅક̴̯͉͈͈̞̠̭ͦͥ͂͂̈́ͥ͜ͅȃՔ͈ૺ‫ا‬͈ষ౲‫͉ٴ‬Ȅ଻Ք̦ඤ̈́ͥՔͅઌ‫̺̠͈̭̠̞̯̹̭̯͂͂ͥͦͣ́͂ͥͦ͢͜ل‬ȃ̻ͧͭ͜Ḙ͈̏΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈აၑ͉ͅȄ২̥͈ٛͣ౮գ̥̞̩̪ͬͥ୽ၞ̦̜̹̭̽͂͜དྷ͉̞ͦ̀̈́ͣ̈́ȃୈ૰എՔ͈͒ઌ‫ͬل‬ஜ࿂ͅ੄̳̭͂́Ȅ଻Քͬა̴̭͈ͥ͂͒‫̷̳̠̥ͥ͂ͩͬۜ୲ݵ‬փ଎͉൚ட̴̜̹͉̜̽́ͥȃ̷̹̺͈̭͂ͬࣉၪͅවͦ̀͜Ȅඤ͈͈̈́ͥ͒͜߹০̦΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈এே஠ఘͅࡉ̭͉ͣͦͥ͂๛೰̧̞́̈́ম৘̜́ͥȃȁȁȁ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉Ȅ଻Ք͂ࣞܲ̈́૽‫ވ͈଻ۼ‬ంͬ‫خ‬ෝ̱̹ͅȃ̷͉ͦරఘͬဲգ̱̹໲ྶ͈͒฽၄̜́ͤȄષၠಎॲ‫͈ܺݭٴ‬஝എ୆‫͈͒ڰ‬๡฻̺̹̽ȃέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉Ḙ̏ͦͅఱ̞ͅ‫ۜވ‬̱̹̭̺̠͂ͧȃ΀ζΕϋঙͥ͢ͅՔ͈૸ఘ଻͈͒࡞‫͉ݞ‬Ȅέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͂΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈‫ވ‬ྺ‫͈߸۾‬બऒ̜́ͥȃ༷֚Ȅέ΁ȜΑΗȜ̦΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈ୈ૰എՔ͈͒ઌ‫̩̹̽͘ͅل‬૘̞̞̭ͦ̀̈́͂ͬࣉ̢ͥ͂Ȅ̷͉ͦඵ૽͈௖֑തͬা̳͈̜̹́̽͜͜ȃ͈̻ͅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈ͤ͢ఱ̧̈́‫́ئޣג‬৏ຊ̯̹ͦȸκȜςΑȹ́͜Ȅୈ૰എՔ͈࿹պ଻͈৽ಫ͉नဥ̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́ȃ̭͈̭͂ͬࣉ̢ͦ͊Ȅȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ̤̫ͥͅ΃ȜβϋΗȜএே͈৾৤஖఼͉Ȩ͉̏̽ͤ͂փ଎എ̜́ͤȄै৪͈ਹါ̈́අৗ̢̜̳͈̞̠ͬͣͩ͂͜͢ȃȁȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͈௰̥ͣȄՔ̞̠֚̾̀͜ͅഽࣉ̢͙̠̀͢ȃ΀ζΕϋঙ͉ȄσȜΏȜ̨͈̠̾͢ͅͅࢊ̞̹̽̀ȃ+HLVDOUHDG\SDUWRI\RX7KRXJK\RXÀ\WR*UHHFHDQGQHYHUVHHKLPDJDLQRUIRUJHWKLVYHU\name, George will work in your thoughts till you die. It isn't possible to love and to part. (RV 202)΀ζΕϋঙ̦̭̭́ࢊͥՔ͉ȄΐοȜΐ͂σȜΏȜ͈Ք̜́ͤȄ̜̩́͘ࡢ૽͂ࡢ૽͈‫͈ۼ‬Ք̜́ͥȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉Ȅȶ͉ͩͦͩͦՔ̳ͥ૽͈উͅၑேͬࡉͥȷȪ“We see the Ideal in the¿JXUHRIRXUORYHUV´ȫ͂੆͓̹ȪArt of Creation 137ȫȃ̱̥̱ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ̤̞̀ͅσȜ− 135 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါΏȜ̦ȄΐοȜΐ͈উͬ൫̥̱̀‫͈̱̥ͣة‬ၑேͬࡉ̷̞͉̹̩̞̀ͥ͐ͤ̽̈́͘ȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫͉́ڠ‬Ȅࡢ૽൳আ͈Ք͉Ȅ͇̾ͅ૽႒஠ఘ̦‫ވ‬ခ̳ͥຽ༑എ̈́Ք̦̞̹͂̾̈́̽̀ȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈এே̷̷̦͜͜Ȅࡢ૽͂૽႒͈‫̜ͥͅۼ‬ະ‫خ‬໦͈̦̾̈́ͤͬஜ೹̱̞͂̀
̹̥̜ͣ́ͥȃȶౙպ૽ȷȪ“the unit-man”ȫ͂ȶਬ౬૽ȷ
Ȫ“the Mass-man”ȫ͉Ȅࠑ̨࿒͈̞̈́ᣏ
̦́̾̈́ͤȪCivilisation 35ȫȄࡢ૽͈փে͉Ȅଲ‫ٮ‬஠ఘͬ༫͚ຽ༑փে͇̠̻ͬ̾ͅͅ๩͛̀
̞ͥȪArt of Creation, 46 - 62ȫȃࡧၛ̱̹ুࡨփেͬ঵̾ࡢ૽͉ȄႤঃ͈ၠ͈̥ͦ̈́́Ȅ࣪໚̧̯͓͈֚ͦͥ̾౲‫̨̹̜͈̞̳̽́̈́͜ͅٴ‬ȪArt of Creation, 211-22ȫȃ̭ͦͅచ̱΀ζΕϋঙ͈୰̩Ք͈̱̯͉ࠣȄࡢ૽̦Ȅ২ٛ͞૽႒͂ယօ֚ͅఘ‫̧̞̈́́ا‬ે‫̥ͣޙ‬୆̩͈̜ͦ̀ͥ́ͥ͘͜ȃ২ٛ೒ැͅ෸̧̦̈́ͣȄ‫ز‬௼ͅ฽చ̯̦ͦ̈́ͣ͜ȄՔ̳ͥ௖਀ͬ‫̜̯̱ͥ́ࠣͥ͛ݥ‬ȃ̷̭͉ͅ২ٛ͂ࡢ૽͈‫̜̦̹ͥͤڞ̈́ږྶͅۼ‬ȃఈ͈౗̥͉̞́̈́ȄՔ̳ͥ௖਀͈͙͈֚͂ఘ‫ͥ͛ݥͬا‬Ȅෳఈഎ̜̭̞̞́ͥ͂ͬ͂ͩ̈́Ք̜́ͥȃ΀ζΕϋঙ͉Ḙ̠̏͜࡞̞̽̀ͥȃ“I taught him to trust in love. . . . I said: ‘When love comes, that is reality’. I said: ‘Passion does
not blind. Passion is sanity, and the woman you love, she is the only person you will ever reallyunderstand.’ ” (RV 196)Ք͈෎ૂ͉Ȅၑ̢ٜ̱ࣣͥ࿷͈֚௖਀ͬঐ̱া̳ȃ̷͉ͦࡧඊ͂ນၔ֚ఘ͈͈̺͜ȃ̷̧͈ͩ͛̀ࡢ૽എ́ȄͼΟͻ΂Ώϋ·ρΞͻΛ·̱̯͉̈́ࠣȄ૽႒Ք̢͍̞̱͂ࠫ̾̀͊͘Ȅ‫ږ‬৘ͅ৐̹̪̞͈͈̜̠ͩͦͥ́ͧ͜ȃ̷͉ͦȄΐοȜΐ̦‫̹̽ۿ‬୆͈͒୲བȄȶֳಐഎ๟೑ȷ
Ȫ“world-sorrow”ȫ̷̦̜̭̽̀Ȅ͉̲͛̀୆͈̞̞̞ͦͥ͂̽̀͘͜͜ȪRV 27ȫȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͜Ȅ“passion” ̞̠͂ࢊͬࢡ͙Ȅ“lust” , “desire”, “feeling” ͈̈́̓࡞ဩͬ౾̧̢̥̹̻̩۟ͥ́͢ঀဥ̱̹̦Ḙ̭͈̏́΀ζΕϋঙ͈̠͢ͅȄ২ٛഎ̈́ம‫͉̯̱̠̈́ࠣ̈́ͥ͂͢ͅ਀ݙͬۜٸ‬̥̹̽ȃέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉Ȅ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈੹ֳ̢ͥಐഎփে͂ࡢ૽͈‫಺͈ۼ‬გഎ֚ఘ̞̠ۜ͂ၑேͬ‫ވ‬ခ͉̱̥̹̈́̽ȃέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͉Ȅ૽‫ུ͈ۼ‬ৗͬ಺გ͉̩́̈́Ȅई၄̴̢̞̹͉͂͂ͣ̀
̜́ͥȃ“muddle” ̞̠͂Ȅέ΁ȜΑΗȜ̦ࢡͭ́ঀ̹̽࡞ဩ̦Ȅ̷̩ͦͬ͢ນ̱̞̀ͥȃέ΁ȜΑΗȜै຦͈΅ȜχȜΡ̜́ͥ “muddle” ͉Ȅুࡨ݁០̽̀͢ͅ঑ၗ྽Ⴈ̹̈́̽ͅેఠ̜̳ͬͣͩ͂͂͜ͅȄ؋̱̫̹̾ͣͦ২ٛഎಉ੬̧̲͚̭͈̞̈́͂́̈́ͅࡢ૽͈Ȅ୷șͅ૤၄ͦͥ૯৘͈উ̜̳ͬͣͩ࡞ဩ̜́ͥȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉Քͅරఘ͈ంहͬ෇̹̦͛Ȅ༷֚́ୈ૰എ̈́Քͬၑே̱͂Ȅ଻Ք̷͉͈฽‫̹͓੆̜͂ͥ́͜ד‬ȃ̧ͩ͛̀಺გഎ̈́ଲ‫ٮ‬۷̦͒͂̾̈́ͥՔ͈ઌ‫̢͉༷ࣉ͈ل‬Ȅέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͈૤͉ͅ‫̞̞̞̹̥̥̀̽͂̽̈́ޣ‬ȃ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͂έ΁ȜΑΗȜ͈අৗ͉̭͈ത̤̞̀ͅྶ̥ͣͅ։̈́ͥȃ઀୰͈̥̈́́΀ζΕϋঙ͉ȶুடȷ̞̾̀ͅȄո‫̧̹̞͈͇̠͈ͤ͌̈́͢ئ‬΋ιϋΠ̳ͬͥȃI believed in a return to Nature once. Today, I believe that we must discover Nature. How can we− 136 −ȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ͂΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͈Ք͈ഓ‫ڠ‬

return to Nature when we have never been with her? (RV 126)ȶুடȷ͉Ȅ‫ٸ‬എুடͅ‫̢̀ح‬Ȅඤഎুடͬփྙ̳ͥȃ̷͉ͦ૽͈̥̈́ͅంह̳ͥྫփেഎ̴̤͈̜́͂͏ͦ੄ུͥෝ̜̳ͬͣͩ΃ȜβϋΗȜএே͈΅ȜχȜΡ̜́ͥȃ̷͈̞̹̽̀૯࠵̈́΅ȜχȜΡ̥ͣࠚྥ̈́࠙߉ͬैͤ੄̱Ȅ̷ͦͬ΀ζΕϋঙ̵̞̜̹ͩͥͤͅȄඋ৪ͬ‫ےͅ׸‬̩έ΁ȜΑΗȜ̱̯̦ͣం໦ͅอ‫̞̯ͥ̀ͦܞ‬ȃȁഥܱै‫͈ز‬υ;δ΍θ̦ྶ̥̱̞̠ͣ̀ͥ͢ͅͅȄ΃ȜβϋΗȜ͉২ٛ৽݅‫׋‬൲̤̞̀ͅȄ̹͘൳଻Ք৪̱͂̀Ȅ̲̠͐ͭ͟ͅई၄ȄచၛȄ‫ڳ‬൥ͬྙ̹ͩ̽ȃ̱̥̱Ȅ̷̠̱̹ࠐࡑͬນ੄̳ͥष͉ͅȄ಺გ͂‫ܛ‬བͬඅಭ̳͂ͥൡ֚എ̈́ࢹ௮ͬဓ̢̭ͥ͂ͬ஖̺ͭȃՔ͉Ȅ଻Ք̦ୈ૰എ͈̈́͒͂͜ઌ‫̻͈̹̱ل‬Ȅֳಐഎ̈́τασ͈಺გ͈યಭ̈́ͥͅȃ̭ͦͅచ̱Ȅέ΁ȜΑΗȜ͈ຝ̩ഴા૽໤̹̻͉Ȅષၠಎॲ‫ݭٴ‬২͈ٛ͂‫ڳ‬൥ͅߎ̱͙Ȅโ‫͙ͤ̈́ͅޖ‬Ȅ૬̞ྭ੖ͬ༴̢̞̀ͥȃ๞͉ͣȄ΃ȜβϋΗȜ̦ຝ̩ၑே‫ݳͅޡ‬ાਫ਼ͬࡉ̧̫̭͉̥̹̜̠̾ͥ͂́̈́̽́ͧȃȸವ͈̞̞͛໐‫ؚ‬ȹ̦ຝ̞̹Ք͉Ȅࡢ૽͂২ٛȄࡢ૽͂ࡢ૽͈చၛ̷͈̥̭̈́ͅ୆̧̧̜ͦͥͣ͛́ͥ͘ȃ− 137 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ֨ဥ໲ࡃ
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Critical Assestments.(G6WDSH-+9RO0RXQW¿HOG(DVW6XVVH[+HOP,QIRUPDWLRQRowbotham, Shiela. Edward Carpenter: A Life of Liberty and Love. London: Verso, 2008.
സಆ಑্ .ȸ΀ΡχȜΡȆ΃ȜβϋΗȜഥȇ૽႒Ⴒఝ͈ထ࡞৪ȹ. ൐‫ނ‬ȇએ໲২ , 1985.

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