Ⅱ

Current Status ofLight Sources andBeamlines

II_9-10p_Light Sources in 2015.docx

Ⅱ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

Light Source in 2015
1. Status of UVSOR Accelerators

ring is considered due to a problem in piping of only
this magnet. However, that in the booster-synchrotron
magnet is considered due to aging. Therefore, it isprobable to happen to other magnets sooner or later.
Concerning the vacuum trouble of the 3rd harmonic
cavity described in the previous report, we havedecided to design and construct a new cavity insteadof repairing the present cavity. This is to avoid
unexpected troubles during the on-site repair work.

In the fiscal year 2015, we operated UVSOR-III
from May to March, for 38 weeks for users as usual.
We had a shutdown period in April and May for about
6 weeks. This was scheduled for maintenance works,
to replace the RF power amplifier of the booster
synchrotron, and the ceramic vacuum duct of an
injection kicker magnet in the storage ring.
We operated the machine for 34 weeks in the multibunch top-up mode, in which the beam current was
kept at 300 mA, and 2 weeks in the single-bunchmode, in which the machine is operated in singlebunch top-up mode with the beam current at 50 mA.
The monthly statistics of the operation time and theintegrated beam current are shown in Fig. 1.

2. Improvements and Developments
For the past few years, we had been observing
strong leakage of the RF signal induced by theelectron beam from one of three ceramic vacuum
ducts for injection kicker magnets in the storage ring.
It was worried that the duct might have a problem
inside and could affect the stability of the electron
beam. Therefore we removed the duct during thespring shut down and checked inside. It was foundthat a part of the Au coating on the inner wall was lostand consequently the electric conductivity between
the flanges was lost. We replaced the duct with anolder one that had been used many years ago, but the
Au coating had no problem. After the replacement,
the RF noise leakage was reduced to a normal level.
However, the electron stability seemed not to beaffect by this.

Fig. 1. Monthly statistics in FY2015.
The weekly operation schedule is as follows. On
Monday, from 9 am to 9 pm, the machine is operated
for machine studies. On Tuesday and Wednesday,from 9 am to 9 pm, the machine is operated for users.
From Thursday 9 am to Friday 9 pm, the machine isoperated for 36 hours continuously for users.
Therefore, the beam time for users in a week is 60
hours. We had 3 weeks dedicated for machine studies,in November, just after the New Year vacation, andthe last week in March. The machine study week in
November is mainly dedicated for the accelerator
conditioning after the annual planned power outage.
We had a few machine troubles on the power
supplies of the steering magnet in the storage ring andpulse magnets both in the booster synchrotron and thestorage ring. However, fortunately, in all cases thebeam time for users could be secured by extending
the operation time during the same week. A more
Serious occurrence was the water leakages frommagnets both in the storage ring and the booster
synchrotron. Fortunately, both of these troubles did
not affect the users' beam time by quick restoration.
The leakage from a quadrupole magnet in the storage

Fig. 2 The inside view of ceramic duct. A part of the
Au coating was lost. The lost part can be seen as a
black belt.

Fig. 3 RF noise distribution in the storage ring before(blue line) and after (red line).

9ⅡII_9-10p_Light
Sourcesin 2015.docx
Ⅱ . Current
Status of Light
Sourcesand BeamlinesⅡ

The solid state RF power amplifiers of the booster
synchrotron and of the storage ring had been used forabout 20 years. They had been working well,
however it has become difficult to maintain thembecause of the outage of electronic parts. We decided
to replace the amplifiers, with basically same
performances but with some improvements such ascompactness and water cooling. We expect that thelatter would be effective to stabilize the accelerator
room temperature and also to reduce the noise in theexperimental hall. In the spring shut down 2015, wehave replaced the amplifier for the booster
synchrotron and in the following year, we will replacethat of the storage ring. The former was successfullycommissioned and stably used in the users runs.

methods, such as diffraction ot interference. Also, we
started an experimental study on the interaction
between optical vortex radiation and matters incollaboration with Saga LS and Niigata U.
We are continuing the effort to reconstruct the
optical cavity for the resonator free electron laser at
BL1U, which has been investigated for many years at
UVSOR. This time, the main objective is theintra-cavity gamma-ray production for the nuclear
resonance fluorescence imaging in cooperation with
Kyoto University. Currently gamma-rays areproduced by using a conventional fiber laser for the
proof-of-principle study. The gamma-rays are also
used for investigating the origin of the homo-chiralityof biomolecules in nature in collaboration with
Hiroshima U., Yokohama N. U. and others.
An irradiation experiment using polarized ultraviolet
light is being carried out in corporation with Tokyo U.
Sci. They are also used for the study on the origin ofhomo-chirality with Yokohama N. U. and otherinstitutes.
A spin polarized electron gun is being developed incollaboration with Nagoya U. and KEK. This is being
developed
towards
inversephoto-electron
spectroscopy. We are also preparing for utilizing thispolarized beam for the study on the origin of thehomo-chirality.
We have started designing harmonic cavity incollaboration with Nagoya U., to replace the present
cavity which has a vacuum trouble. The new cavity
will be introduced in the ring hopefully within two
years.

Light Source Developments and Beam Physics
Studies
We continue the efforts to develop light source
technologies and their applications such as freeelectron lasers, coherent harmonic generation,
coherent synchrotron radiation, laser Compton
scattering gamma-rays, intense polarized UV lightand vortex UV radiation at the new source
development station BL1U, which was constructedunder the support of Quantum Beam Technology
Program by MEXT/JST.
This year, we intensively studied the optical vortex
beam from a helical undulator in collaboration with
Hiroshima U., Nagoya U. and other institutes. Since
the UVSOR electron beam is diffraction-limited in
the UV range, we could clearly observe the vortex
nature of the helical undulator harmonics in various

Masahiro KATOH (UVSOR Facility)10Ⅱ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

UVSOR Accelerator Complex
Injection Linear Accelerator

Booster Synchrotron

EnergyLengthFrequency
Accelerating RF Field
Klystron Power
Energy Spread
Repetition Rate

EnergyInjection
Frequency
Circumference
RF Frequency
Harmonic Number
Bending Radius
Lattice
Betatron Tune
Horizontal
VerticalMomentum Compaction
Repetition Rate

15 MeV
2.5 m
2856 MHz
2π/3 Traveling Wave
1.8 MW~1.6 MeV
2.6 HzUVSOR-III Storage-Ring
Energy750 MeV
Injection Energy
750 MeV
Maximum Storage Current 500 mA (multi bunch)
100 mA (single bunch)Normal operation current 300 mA (multi bunch)(Top-up mode)
50 mA (single bunch)
Natural Emittance
17.5 nm-rad
Circumference
53.2 mRF Frequency
90.1 MHz
Harmonic Number
16
Bending Radius
2.2 m
Lattice
Extended DBA×4
Straight Section(4 m×4)+(1.5m 4)+(1.5 m×4)m 4)
RF Voltage
120 kV
Betatron Tune
3.75
Horizontal
3.20
VerticalMomentum Compaction 0.030
Natural Chromaticity-8.1
Horizontal-7.3
Vertical
Energy Spread
5.26×10-4
Coupling Ratio
1%
Natural Bunch Length
128 ps

750 MeV
15 MeV
32 mA (uniform filling)
26.6 m90.1 MHz
8
1.8m
FODO×815 MeV
Linear
Accelerator

Ⅱ

750 MeV
Booster
Synchrotron

2.25
1.25
0.138
1 Hz (750 MeV)

BL5B
BL6U
BL1U
BL7U

BL6B

BL5U

BL4B

3rd
Harmonic cavity
Main Cavity

BL7B

BL4U

750 MeVElectron
Storage Ring
BL3B
BL3U
BL1U

Electron Beam Optics of UVSOR-III
III Storage Ring

BL2B

BL1B
BL2A

Horizontal/verticalelectron beam sizeand beam divergences

σx,y [mm]σ'x,y [mrad]ηx√βx,y [√m]

Horizontal/verticalbetatron functions
and dispersion function

Position [m]Position [m]11Ⅱ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

Insertion Device
Ⅱ

Brilliance of radiationfrom the insertion devices(U3, U4, U5, U6 and U7)
and a bending magnet
of UVSOR-III

U5 Apple-II
Variable Polarization Undulator
Number of Periods
38
Period length
60 mm
Pole Length2.28 mPole Gap
24-190 mm
Deflection Parameter
3.4 (Max. Horizontal)
2.1 (Max. Vertical)
1.8 (Max. Helical)

U1 Apple-II Undulator /Optical Klystron
Number of Periods
Period length
Pole Length
Pole Gap
Deflection Parameter

10+10
88 mm
0.968 m + 0.968 m
24-200 mm
7.36 (Max.
Horizontal)
4.93 (Max. Vertical)
4.06 (Max. Herical))U6 In-vacuum Undulator
Number of Periods
Period length
Pole Length
Pole Gap
Deflection ParameterU3 In-vacuum Undulator
Number of Periods
Period length
Pole Length
Pole Gap
Deflection Parameter

50
38 mm
1.9 m
15-40 mm2.0-0.24

U7 Apple-II
Variable Polarization Undulator
Number of Periods
40
Period length
76 mmPole Length
3.04 mPole Gap
24-200 mm
Deflection Parameter
5.4 (Max. Horizontal)
3.6 (Max. Vertical)
3.0 (Max. Helical)

U4 In-vacuum Undulator
Number of Periods
Period length
Pole Length
Pole Gap
Deflection Parameter

26
36 mm
0.94 m13-40 mm
1.78 - 0.19

26
38 mm
0.99 m13-40 mm2.4-0.19

Bending Magnets
Bending Radius
Critical Energy

12

2.2 m
425 eVII_13p_Beamlines in 2015.docx

Ⅱ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

Beamlines in 2015
Kiyohisa TANAKAUVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science
UVSOR is one of the highest-brilliance lightsources in the extreme-ultraviolet region among
synchrotron radiation facilities with electronenergies of less than 1 GeV. The natural emittanceof the UVSOR-III storage ring is as low as 17.5 nmrad after the successful completion of the storage
ring upgrade project (the UVSOR-III project) in2012.
Eight bending magnets and five insertion devices
are available as synchrotron light sources at
UVSOR. As of 2015, there are a total of fourteen
operational beamlines, which are classified into two
categories.
Eleven of them are the so-called“Open beamlines”, which are open to scientists
from universities and research institutes belonging
to the government, public organizations, private
enterprises and also those from foreign countries.
The remaining three beamlines are the “In-housebeamlines”, and are dedicated to the use of researchgroups within IMS.
At UVSOR, there is one soft X-ray stationequipped with a double-crystal monochromator,
seven extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray stations
with grazing incidence monochromators, threevacuum ultraviolet (VUV) stations with normal
incidence monochromators, two infrared (IR)stations
equipped
with
Fourier-Transform
interferometers, and one free electron laser
beamline with no monochromator, as shown in the
appended table (next page) for all available
beamlines in 2015.
BL8B has been officially closed and BL2B,
which is another angle-resolved photoelectron
spectroscopy (ARPES) beamline for inorganic thinfilms, has been open for users in 2015. The
preparation chamber and some vacuum products at
BL8B were moved and reused at BL2B so that
BL8B users can perform same measurements at
BL2B.
BL3B has been conducted as one of the long-term
project proposals. In the last three years, theendstation has been developed and the number ofusers increased including users from foreigncountries. A newly designed chamber for VUVemission spectroscopy will be available soon.
BL4U, equipped with a scanning transmission
soft X-ray microscope (STXM), has been open tousers since June 2013. The performance of BL4U isclose to theoretical predictions, except in the photon
energy region near the C K-shell ionizationthreshold (~300 eV) due to the so-called “carbon
contamination” of the optical elements, whichmakes the imaging of C distribution difficult. To

remove the carbon contamination, several methods
have been examined such as recoating of mirrors
with gold, washing the vacuum chamber as well as
all parts of the mirror holder with hot water, and soon. Although the photon intensity around 300 eV
has tentatively been improved, it has gradually
decreased with time. In 2015, we have repeated insitu cleaning of mirrors by exposure to oxygen at apressure of 1x10-2 Pa under irradiation of nonmonochromated synchrotron radiation (SR). As aresult, the photon intensity around 300 eV has
greatly been improved, and STXM analyses near the
C-K edge have become useful.
BL7U, a high energy resolution ARPES beamline,
is one of the most popular beamlines in UVSOR andhas been difficult to get beamtime these days. For
users who need sample surface preparation such as
annealing, Ar-sputtering, deposition and so on, one
or two week beamtime is not enough to prepare
samples. To make the beamtime efficiently,“Offline-ARPES system” with helium discharge
lamp at IMS (Nanotechnology Platform Japan
program) has been open for users who requested.
Three user groups used the offline-ARPES systembefore their beamtime to prepare sample in 2015.
The construction of a new soft X-ray beamline
BL5U began in January 2014. The beamline
performance had been once tested and it had been
confirmed that the resolving power and photon
intensity were very close to the expected values.
However, in December 2014, it was found that thephotons below 30 eV hit the grating mount andcould not reach the endstation. The grating mount
has been taken out, modified and attached again in
March 2015. During the second beamline
performance test, we found that the first mirror andprobably the grating surfaces were covered bycarbon contamination, which made the photon
intensity one order of magnitude smaller than thefirst test. The in situ cleaning method, which wasused at BL4U, has been applied and photon flux has
recovered to a half of the first test level. BL5U will
be officially open for users from 2016.
All users are required to refer to the beamline
manuals and the UVSOR guidebook (the latest
revision in PDF format uploaded on the UVSOR
web site in June 2010), on the occasion of
conducting actual experimental procedures.
Those wishing to use the open and in-housebeamlines are recommended to contact theappropriate beamline master (see next page). For
updated information on UVSOR, please see
http://www.uvsor.ims.ac.jp.

13ⅡⅡ . Current Status of Light Sources and Beamlines

Beamlines at UVSOR
Beamline

Ⅱ

Monochromator /Spectrometer

BL1U

Free electron laser

BL1B

Martin-Puplett FT-FIR

BL2A

BL3U*

Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)

BL3B

2.5-m off-plane Eagle

BL4B
BL5U
BL5B

0.5 - 30 meV
585 eV - 4 keV

18-m spherical grating(Dragon)Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)
Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)
Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)
Plane grating

23 - 205 eV
60 - 800 eV

1.7 - 31 eV

Variable-included-angle
varied-line-spacing
plane grating

BL6B

Michelson FT-IR

BL7U

10-m normal incidence(modified Wadsworth)BL7B

3-m normal incidence

Techniques

Contact
M. Katohmkatoh@ims.ac.jp

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

F. Teshima

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

N. Kondo

Solid

Photoemission

S. KeraGas
LiquidSolid

Absorption
Photoemission
Photon-emission
Reflection
Absorption
Photon-emission

Solidtetsu@ims.ac.jp

nkondo@ims.ac.jp

kera@ims.ac.jp

N. Kosugi

kosugi@ims.ac.jp

M. Hasumoto

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

130 - 700 eV

Gas
LiquidSolid

Absorption(Microscopy)

T. Ohigashi

25 eV - 1 keV

Gas
Solid

Photoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission

E. Shigemasa

Solid

Photoemission

M. SakaiSolidCalibration
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

20 - 200 eV

6 - 600 eV

BL6U*

Targets

1.6 - 13.9 eV

Double crystal

BL2B

BL4U

Energy Range

40 - 800 eV
4 meV - 2.5 eV
6 - 40 eV
1.2 - 25 eV

Yellow columns represent undulator beamlines.
In-house beamline.

*

14

Gas
Solid
Solid

Photoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission
Reflection
Absorption
IR microscopeohigashi@ims.ac.jp

sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

sakai@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

E. Shigemasa

sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

F. Teshimatetsu@ims.ac.jp

Solid

Photoemission

S. Ideta

Solid

Reflection
Absorption
Photon-emission

M. Hasumoto

idetas@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

BL1U

Light Source Development Station▼Description

Ⅱ

BL1U has being constructed for developments and applications of various photon sources including freeelectron laser in the range from visible to deep UV, coherent harmonic generation in the deep UV and VUV, laser
Compton scattering gamma-rays and undulator radiation with various polarization properties including opticalvortices.
The beam-line is equipped with a dedicated twin polarization variable undulator system with a buncher section,
which can be used for a FEL oscillator and a VUV CHG. It is also equipped with a femto-second laser system
synchronized with the accelerator, which is used for CHG, slicing, LCS and coherent THz radiation generation.

13300

Fig. 1. Configuration of the free electron laser (under reconstruction).

Fig. 2. Twin Apple-II Undulator.

Fig. 3. Accelerator synchronized Laser System.

▼Technical Data of FEL

Technical Data of Ti:Sa Laser

Wave Length

199-800 nm

Wave Length

800 nmSpectral Band Width~10

Pulse Length

130 fsec

Polarization

Circular/Linear

Oscillator

90.1 MHz

Pulse Rate

11.26 MHz

Pulse Energy

2.5mJ

Max. Ave. Power~1W

Repetition Rate

1kHz 1kHz 10Hz

-4

15

10mJ

50mJ

BL1B

Terahertz Spectroscopy Using Coherent Synchrotron Radiation

Ⅱ▼Description
Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is a powerful light source in the terahertz (THz) region. This beamline
has been constructed for basic studies on the properties of THz-CSR. However, it can be also used formeasurements of reflectivity and transmission spectra of solids using conventional synchrotron radiation.
The emitted THz light is collected by a three-dimensional magic mirror (3D-MM, M0) of the same type as
those already successfully installed at BL43IR in SPring-8 and BL6B in UVSOR-II. The 3D-MM was installed
in bending-magnet chamber #1 and is controlled by a 5-axis pulse motor stage (x, z translation; θx, θy, θzrotation). The acceptance angle was set at 17.5-34 degrees (total 288 mrad) in the horizontal direction. The
vertical angle was set at 40 mrad to collect the widely expanded THz-CSR.
The beamline is equipped with a Martin-Puplett type interferometer (JASCO FARIS-1) to cover the THz
spectral region from 4 to 240 cm-1 (hν = 500 μeV-30 meV). There is a reflection/absorption spectroscopy (RAS)
end-station for large samples ( several mm). At the RAS end-station, a liquid-helium-flow type cryostat with aminimum temperature of 4 K is installed.

Fig. 1. Schematic top view of the beam extraction partoftheTHz-CSRbeamline,
BL1B.
The
three-dimensional magic mirror (3D-MM, M0) and aplane mirror (M1) are located in the bending-magnet
chamber. A parabolic mirror (M2) is installed to form aparallel beam. The straight section (BL1U) is used forcoherent harmonic generation (CHG) in the VUVregion.

Fig. 2. Obtained intensity spectra with the
combination of a light source (UVSOR),
interferometer (FARIS-1), and detectors (Sibolometer and InSb hot-electron bolometer).

▼Technical Data
Interferometer
Wavenumber range

Martin-Puplett (JASCO FARIS-1)
4-240 cm-1

(Energy range)(500 μeV-30 meV)

Resolution in cm

0.25 cm-1

Experiments

Reflection/transmission spectroscopy

Miscellaneous

Users can use their experimental system in this beamline.

-1

16

BL2A

Soft X-Ray Beamline for Photoabsorption Spectroscopy
Ⅱ▼Description
BL2A, which was moved its previous location as BL1A in 2011, is a soft X-ray beamline for photoabsorption
spectroscopy.

The beamline is equipped with a focusing premirror and a double-crystal monochromator [1].

The monochromator serves soft X-rays in the energy region from 585 to 4000 eV using several types of single
crystals, such as β-Al2O3, beryl, KTP (KTiOPO4), quartz, InSb, and Ge. The throughput spectra measured usinga Si photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) are shown in Fig. 1.

The typical energy resolution (E / ΔE) of themonochromator is approximately 1500 for beryl and InSb.
A small vacuum chamber equipped with an electron multiplier (EM) detector is available.

Photoabsorption

spectra for powdery samples are usually measured in total electron yield mode, with the use of the EM detector.
A silicon drift detector is also available for measuring partial fluorescence yields from solid samples.
[1] Hiraya et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63 (1992) 1264.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the double-crystal
monochromator at BL2A.

▼Technical Data

Fig. 2. Side view of BL2A.

Monochromator

Double crystal monochromator

Monochromator crystals:

β-Al2O3 (22.53 Å, 585–1609 eV), beryl(15.965 Å, 826–2271 eV),

(2d value, energy range)

KTP (10.95 Å, 1205–3310 eV), quartz(8.512 Å, 1550–4000 eV),InSb
Resolution
Experiments(7.481 Å, 1764–4000 eV), Ge(6.532 Å, 2094–4000 eV)

E / ΔE = 1500 for beryl and InSb
Photoabsorption spectroscopy (total electron yield using EM and partial
fluorescence yield using SDD)

17

BL2B

Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Molecular Solids

Ⅱ▼Description
This beamline previously dedicated for experiments in the field of gas phase photoionization and reaction
dynamics. Then, the beamline has been reconstructed for photoelectron spectroscopy of molecular solids with a
new end station, and experiments can be performed from May 2014. The monochromator is a spherical grating
Dragon type with 18-m focal length. High throughput (1  1010 photons s-1) and high resolution (E / E = 2000 8000) are achieved simultaneously under the condition of the ring current of 100 mA [1]. The optical system
consists of two pre-focusing mirrors, an entrance slit, three spherical gratings (G1 - G3), two folding mirrors, amovable exit slit, and a refocusing mirror [2]. The monochromator is designed to cover the energy range of
23–205 eV with the three gratings: G1 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 18 m) at 80–205 eV; G2 (1200 lines mm-1, R = 18m) at 40–100 eV; G3 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 9.25 m) at 23–50 eV. The percentage of the second-order light
contamination at h = 45.6 eV is 23% for G2 or 7% for G3.
A UHV chamber is placed downstream of the refocusing mirror chamber and equipped silicon photodiode,sapphire plate Au mesh and filters for absolute photon flux measurement, monitor the photon-beam position,
relative photon flux measurements and attenuate higher order light, respectively.
The new end station consists of a main chamber with a hemispherical analyzer (SCIENTA R3000) and aliquid-He-cooled cryostat (temperature range of 15-400 K) with 5-axis stage, a sample preparation chamber witha fast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleaning chamber with LEED, ion gun for sputtering and IR heating unit.
[1] M. Ono, H. Yoshida, H. Hattori and K. Mitsuke, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 467-468 (2001) 577.
[2] H. Yoshida and K. Mitsuke, J. Synchrotron Radiation 5 (1998) 774.

Fig. 1. 18 m spherical grating monochromator at
BL2B.

Fig. 2. End station of BL2B for photoelectron
spectroscopy of molecular solids.

▼Technical Data
Monochromator

18 m spherical grating Dragon-type

Wavelength Range

23-205 eVResolution

2000–8000 depending on the gratings

Experiments

Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy

18

BL3U

Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy▼Description
The beamline BL3U is equipped with an in-vacuum undulator composed of 50 periods of 3.8 cm period length.
The emitted photons are monochromatized by the varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM)
designed for various spectroscopic investigations in the soft X-ray range including soft X-ray emission studies.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings are designed to cover the photon energy range from60 to 800 eV. The beamline has two endstations, namely, XES setup and multi-purpose setup. The XES setup is
used for soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The beam is horizontally focused onto the sample position by aplane-elliptical mirror, M2X. In the multi-purpose setup, the beam is focused by the toroidal mirror M2. Between
the sample position and M2, the differential pumping is placed. XAS of liquid samples and the application of in
operando observations are performed at the experimental stage of the multi-purpose setup.
S0

Top View
in-vacuum
plane undulator

M0: Cylindrical
R=47.253 m

XES Setup
M1: Spherical G: VLSP
R=88.826 m

S1X
sample176°

M2X: Plane-Elliptical
r1=11.7 m
r2=0.5 m

M2: Toroidal
R= 81.65 m
 = 37.23 mm

Multi-purpose setup S1

sample

176°
700
0

5300

3100
6000

400
9100

2203
9500

G

Side View
177°

S0

176°

500
11703

M2X

800
12203

1600
13003

14603

S1X
sample

173°

M1

S1

M0

M2

sampleFig. 1. Schematic layout (left) and the photography (right) of the BL3U. The distances along the beam from thecenter of the in-vacuum plane undulator are shown in millimeters. S1X and M2X can be replaced with the otherexit slit S1 so that experiments can be carried out at either the XES or the multipurpose endstation. In the XES
setup, the sample is placed 5–10 mm downstream of S1X.

▼Technical Data
Monochromator
Energy Range
Resolution
Experiments

Varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator
60-800 eV
E / ΔE > 10 000
Soft X-ray spectroscopy (XPS, XES, XAS)

Beam Size(XES Endstation)

Gaussian shape
Vertical 5-20 μm; Horizontal 41 μm (FWHM)

19

Ⅱ

BL3B (HOTRLU)▼Description

BL3B has been constructed to study photoluminescence (PL) in the visible (VIS) to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)
region [1]. This beamline consists of a 2.5 m off-plane Eagle type normal-incidence monochromator, which
covers the VUV, UV, and VIS regions, i.e., the energy (wavelength) region of 1.7-31 eV (40-730 nm), with threespherical gratings having constant grooving densities of 1200, 600, and 300 l/mm optimized at the photon
energies of ~20, ~16, and ~6 eV, respectively. The schematic side view and top view layouts are shown in Figs.
1(a) and 1(b), respectively. The FWHM of the beam spot at the sample position is 0.25 mm (V) × 0.75 mm (H).
Low energy pass filters (LiF, quartz, WG32, OG53) can be inserted automatically to maintain the optical purity
in the G3 (300 l/mm) grating region (1.7~11.8 eV). Figure 2 shows the throughput spectra (photon numbers at abeam current of 300 mA) for each grating with entrance and exit slit openings of 0.1 mm (resolving power E /E of ~2000 (G3, ~6.8 eV)). Since both slits can be opened up to 0.5 mm, a monochromatized photon flux of1010 photons/s or higher is available for PL measurements in the whole energy region.
The end station is equipped with a liquid-helium-flow type cryostat for sample cooling and two detectors; oneof which is a photomultiplier with sodium salicylate and the other a Si photodiode for reflection/absorption
measurement. For the PL measurements in the wide energy region from VIS to VUV, two PL monochromators,
comprising not only a conventional VIS monochromator but also a VUV monochromator with a CCD detector,
are installed at the end station.
[1] K. Fukui et al., J. Sync. Rad. 21 (2014) 452.

9Photon Number (x10 /s/300mA)

Ⅱ

VIS-VUV Photoluminescence and Reflection/Absorption
Spectroscopy

(b)

(a)

3.0
2.5

G3
G2
G1

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

0

10

20

30

Photon Energy (eV)Fig. 1. Schematic layout of the BL3B (a) side view and (b) top view.

▼Technical Data
Monochromator-2.5 m normal-incidence monochromator

Energy range

1.7-31 eV (40~730 nm)

Resolution (h / h) 12000 (at ~ 6.9 eV, 0.02 mm slits, G1 (1200 l/mm)

Experiments

Photoluminescence, reflection, and absorption spectroscopy, mainly for solids

20

40

BL4U

Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy in the Soft X-Ray Region
Ⅱ▼Description
In the soft x-ray region, there are several absorption edges of light elements and transition metals. The nearedge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) brings detailed information about the chemical state of target
elements. A scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) in the soft X-ray region is a kind of extended
technique of the NEXAFS with high spatial resolution. The STXM has a capability of several additional options,for example, in-situ observations, 3-dimensional observation by computed tomography and ptychography, byutilizing the characteristics of the X-rays. The STXM can be applied to several sciences, such as polymer science,material science, cell biology, environmental science, and so on.
This beamline equips an in-vacuum undulator, a varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator and a fixed
exit slit. The soft X-ray energy range from 130 to 770 eV with the resolving power (E / ΔE) of 6,000 is available.
The aperture size of the fixed exit slit determines not only the resolving power but also the size of a microprobe.
A Fresnel zone plate is used as a focusing optical device through an order select aperture and its focal spot sizeof ~30 nm is available at minimum. An image is acquired by detecting intensities of the transmitted X-rays by aphotomultiplier tube with scintillator with scanning a sample 2-dimensionally. By changing the energy of theincident beam, each 2-dimensional NEXAFS image is stacked. A main chamber of STXM is separated from thebeamline optics by a silicon nitride membrane of 100-nm thickness; therefore, sample folders can be handled in
vacuum or in helium.
PinholeSlit

M0 mirror

M1 mirror andGrating

M2 mirror

Fixed exit slit

Fig. 1. Schematic image of BL4U.
Fresnel zone plate

Order sorting aperture
Photo multiplier tube
with scintillator

Monochromatized X-ray
SampleFig. 2. Schematic image of the STXM.

▼Technical Data
Energy range (E)130 -770 eVResolving power (E / ΔE)~6000

Focusing optical element

Fresnel zone plate

Spatial resolution~30 nmExperiments

2-dimensinal absorption spectroscopy

Measurement environment

standard sample folder in vacuum or in helium,
specially designed sample cell in ambient condition

21

STXM
STXM

BL4B

▼Description
The beamline BL4B equipped with a varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM) wasconstructed for various spectroscopic investigations in a gas phase and/or on solids in the soft X-ray range.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings with SiO2 substrates are designed to cover the photon
energy range from 25 to 800 eV. The gratings with groove densities of 100, 267, and 800 l/mm cover the
spectral ranges of 25–100, 60–300, and 200-1000 eV, respectively, and are interchangeable without breaking thevacuum. Figure 1 shows the absolute photon flux for each grating measured using a Si photodiode (IRD Inc.),with the entrance- and exit-slit openings set at 50 and 50 μm, respectively. The maximum resolving power(E / ΔE) achieved for each grating exceeds 5000.
There is no fixed endstation on this beamline. A small vacuum chamber equipped with an electron multiplier(EM) detector is available. Soft X-ray absorption spectra of solid samples are usually measured by means of
the total electron yield method using EM, and the partial fluorescence yield method using a silicon drift detector(SDD).

1E12

G3
Intensity (photons/s)

Ⅱ

Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy

1E11

Slit: 50m-50m

G2

1E10

G1
1E9

1E8
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Photon Energy (eV)Fig. 2. Photo of BL4B.

Fig. 1. Throughput from the VLS-PGM
monochromator on BL4B.

▼Technical Data
Monochromator

Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

25-1000 eVResolution

E / ΔE > 5000 (at maximum)

Experiments

Soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly, photoabsorption spectroscopy for solid targets
by means of total electron yield method using EM and partial fluorescence yield
method using SDD)

22

BL5U

Photoemission Spectroscopy of Solids and Surfaces▼Description

Ⅱ

This beamline was originally used for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of solids
and surfaces. After Jan 2014, the beamline has been shutdown for upgrade. The whole beamline, including theundulator and the endstation, will be renewed to perform higher energy resolution ARPES experiments. This
beamline will also have new capability to obtain spin- and spatial-dependence of the electronic structure ofsolids using new spin detector and micro-focused beam. This beamline will be open for users from FY2016.

Fig. 1. Pictures of BL5U on May 2014.

▼Technical Data (Expected Performance)
Monochromator

Monk-Gillieson VLS-PGM

Energy Range

20-200 eVResolutionhν/ΔE > 10,000 for < 10 μm slits

Experiment

ARPES, Spin-resolved ARPES, Space-resolved ARPES

Flux<1012 photons/s for <10 μm slits (at the sample position)

Beam spot size

400 (H) x 5-20 (V) μm, 10 (H) x 4-6 (V) μm (microscope)

Main Instruments

Hemispherical photoelectron analyzer (MBS A-1), Liq-He flow cryostat with
5-axis manipulator (5-400 K)

23

BL5B

Calibration Apparatus for Optical Elements and Detectors

Ⅱ▼Description
BL5B has been constructed to perform calibration measurements for optical elements and detectors. This
beamline is composed of a plane grating monochromator (PGM) and three endstations in tandem. The most
upstream station is used for the calibration measurements of optical elements, the middle one for opticalmeasurements for solids, and the last for photo-stimulated desorption experiments. The experimental chamber at
the most downstream station is sometimes changed to a chamber for photoemission spectroscopy. The
calibration chamber shown in Fig. 2 is equipped with a goniometer for the characterization of optical elements,
which has six degrees of freedom, X-Y translation of a sample, and interchanging of samples and filters. These
are driven by pulse motors in vacuum. Because the polarization of synchrotron radiation is essential for suchmeasurements, the rotation axis can be made in either the horizontal or vertical direction (s- or p-polarization).

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra for possible combinations ofgratings and mirrors at BL5B measured by a gold mesh.

Fig. 2. A side view of the experimental chamber
for calibration measurements.

▼Technical Data
Monochromator

Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

6-600 eV (2-200 nm)

Resolution

E / ΔE ~ 500

Experiments

Calibration of optical elements, reflection and absorption spectroscopy
mainly for solids

24

BL6U

Variable-Included-Angle VLS-PGM for Molecular Soft X-Ray
Spectroscopy▼Description
The beamline BL6U equipped with a variable-included-angle Monk-Gillieson mounting monochromator witha varied-line-spacing plane grating was constructed for various spectroscopic investigations requiringhigh-brilliance soft X-rays in a gas phase and/or on solids.

Through a combination of undulator radiation andsophisticated monochromator design (entrance slit-less configuration and variable-included-angle mechanism),using a single grating, the monochromator can cover the photon energy ranging from 40 to 800 eV, withresolving power of greater than 10000 and photon flux of more than 1010 photons/s.

Figure 1 shows an exampleof the monochromator throughput spectra measured using a Si photodiode, with the exit-slit opening set at 30
μm, which corresponds to the theoretical resolving power of 10000 at 80 eV.
There is no fixed endstation on this beamline.

Throughput spectra of the BL6U (Gap=13 mm, Slit=30m)

Flux(Photons/s/100mA:PD-AXUV100G)

1E13

3rd

1E12

5th

1st

1E11

168170
172174

1E10
1E9
1E8
1E7

30

100

Photon energy(eV)Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the BL6U monochromator atvarious included angles.

Fig. 2. Photo of BL6U.

▼Technical Data
Monochromator

Variable-included-angle Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating
Monochromator

Energy range

40-800 eVResolution

E / ΔE > 10000 (at maximum)

Experiments

High-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly photoelectron
spectroscopy for gaseous and solid targets)

25

Ⅱ

BL6B

Infrared and Terahertz Spectroscopy/Microscopy of Solids

Ⅱ▼Description
Synchrotron radiation (SR) has good performance (high brilliance and high flux) not only in the VUV and soft
X-ray (SX) regions but also in the infrared (IR) and THz regions. BL6B covers the IR and THz regions. The
previous beamline, BL6A1, which was constructed in 1985, was the pioneer in IRSR research. The beamline
was deactivated at the end of FY2003 and a new IR/THz beamline, BL6B (IR), was constructed in FY2004. The
front-end part including bending duct #6 was replaced with a new part having a higher acceptance angle (215
(H)  80 (V) mrad2) using a magic mirror, as shown in Fig. 1.
There are two Michelson type interferometers in this endstation; with first one (Bruker Vertex70v), which
covers a wide spectral region from 30 to 20,000 cm-1 (hν = 4 meV-2.5 eV), reflection/absorption spectroscopy
measurements of large samples (up to several mm) and IR/THz microscopy measurements of tiny samples (up to
several tens of μm) can be performed. For reflection/absorption spectroscopy measurements, a liquid-heliumflow type cryostat with a minimum temperature of 4 K is installed. The other interferometer (Jasco FT/IR-6100),
which covers 350 to 15,000 cm-1 (hν = 45 meV-1.8 eV), has been available for IR microscopy imaging
measurements from FY2014. One can also perform ATR measurements using diamond ATR prism.

Fig. 1. Design of the optics and front end of BL6B.

Fig. 2. Schematic top view of BL6B.

▼Technical Data
Interferometer
Wavenumber Range

Michelson (Bruker Vertex70v)
30-20,000 cm-1

Michelson (Jasco FT/IR-6100)
350-15,000 cm-1

(Energy range)(4 meV-2.5 eV)(45 meV-1.8 eV)

0.1 cmReflectivity and transmission
spectroscopy
THz Microspectroscopy

0.5 cm-1

Resolution in cm-1

Experiments-1

26

IR microscopy imaging (JASCO IRT-7000)
ATR spectroscopy

BL7U (SAMRAI)

Angle-Resolved Photoemission of Solids in the VUV Region
Ⅱ▼Description
Beamline 7U, named the Symmetry- And Momentum-Resolved electronic structure Analysis Instrument(SAMRAI) for functional materials, was constructed to provide a photon flux with high energy resolution andhigh flux mainly for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of solids [1]. An APPLE-II-type
variable-polarization undulator is installed as the light source. The undulator can produce intense VUV light withhorizontal/vertical linear and right/left circular polarization. The undulator light is monochromatized by amodified Wadsworth type monochromator with three gratings (10 m radius; 1200, 2400, and 3600 lines/mm
optimized at h = 10, 20, and 33 eV). The energy resolution of the light (h / h) is more than 104 with aphoton flux of 1011-1012 ph/s or higher on samples in the entire energy region.
The beamline has a photoemission end-station equipped with a 200 mm-radius hemispherical photoelectron
analyzer (MB Scientific AB, A-l analyzer) with a wide-angle electron lens and a liquid-helium-cooled cryostat
with 6-axis pulse motor control (AVC Co., Ltd., i-GONIO). The main function of the beamline is to determine
the three-dimensional Fermi surface and electronic structure of solids at low temperatures and their temperaturedependence in order to reveal the origin of their physical properties.
[1] S. Kimura, T. Ito, M. Sakai, E. Nakamura, N. Kondo, K. Hayashi, T. Horigome, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, T.
Goto, T. Ejima and K. Soda, “SAMRAI: A variably polarized angle-resolved photoemission beamline in the
VUV region at UVSOR-II,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (2010) 053104.
Fig. 1. Layout (a) and photograph (b) of the
SAMRAI beamline consisting of an
APPLE-II type undulator (U7), a modified
Wadsworth type monochromator (M0-S),
and a high-resolution photoemission
analyzer at the focal point. The
monochromator has five major opticalcomponents: two plane mirrors (M0 andM1) with water cooling, one set of threespherical gratings (G), an exit slit (S), andone toroidal refocusing mirror (M3). The
spherical gratings have a radius of 10 m andare located 22 m from the center of theundulator. There is no entrance slit. S is
located 6.47 m from G. A second branch fora VUV microscope end-station is planned tobe constructed after the plane mirror (M2)located between G and S.

▼Technical Data
Light source
Monochromator
Photon energy range
Resolution (h /  h)
Photon flux on sample
Beam size on sample
Experiments

APPLE-II type undulator (u = 76 mm, N = 36)vertical/horizontal linear, right/left circular
10 m normal-incidence monochromator (modified Wadsworth type)6-40 eV ( = 30~200 nm)
1  104-5  104
 1012-1011 ph/s (depending on h)
200 (H)  50 (V) m2
Angle-resolved photoemission of solids(MB Scientific A-1 analyzer, acceptance angle:  18 deg)

27

BL7B

3 m Normal-Incidence Monochromator for Solid-State Spectroscopy

Ⅱ▼Description
BL7B has been constructed to provide sufficiently high resolution for conventional solid-state spectroscopy,
sufficient intensity for luminescence measurements, wide wavelength coverage for Kramers–Kronig analyses,
and minimum deformation to the polarization characteristic of incident synchrotron radiation. This beamline
consists of a 3-m normal incidence monochromator, which covers the vacuum ultraviolet, ultraviolet, visible,
and infrared, i.e., the wavelength region of 50–1000 nm, with three gratings (1200, 600, and 300 l/mm). Twointerchangeable refocusing mirrors provide two different focusing positions. For the mirror with the longer focal
length, an LiF or a MgF2 window valve can be installed between the end valve of the beamline and the focusing
position. Figure 1 shows the absolute photon intensity for each grating with the entrance and exit slit openings of
0.5 mm. A silicon photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) was utilized to measure the photon intensity and theabsolute photon flux was estimated, taking the quantum efficiency of the photodiode into account.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of BL7B measured using
a silicon photodiode.

Fig. 2. Photo of BL7B.

▼Technical Data
Monochromator

3 m Normal-Incidence Monochromator

Wavelength Range

1.5-25 eV (50-1000 nm)

Resolution

E / ΔE = 4000-8000 for 0.01 mm slits

Experiments

Absorption, reflection, and fluorescence spectroscopy, mainly for solids

28