Status of TeV gamma-ray astronomy

Daniel MAZIN
Personal overview on the recent highlights,
clearly biased …
using slides from recent conferences and publications

CTA-Japan meeting, Kashiwa-no-ha, 2017 Dec 18

TeV source catalog
TeVCatNominally 207 sources as of Dec 15, 2017
Dominated by HESS, MAGIC and VERITAS
Contains already 20 HAWC sources
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

2Golden Era for TeV astronomy
Kifune plot

104

Asca
Fermi-4y(3FGL)

Number of sources

Ginga

3CTATenma10

Fermi-1y(1FGL)

HakuchoUhuru

102

γ-rays
X-raysEGRETHESS-II+MAGIC-II+VERITAS

COS B

10HESSVHE γ-rays

HEGRA
WhippleSAS-211960
Daniel Mazin

Whipple

1980

2000
year

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

2020

3

MAGIC, 2 x 17m

H.E.S.S., 4 x 12m + 1 x 28m

VERITAS, 4 x 12m

Daniel Mazin, mazin@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp

4

HAWC, 300 water tanks at 4100m asl

Daniel Mazin, mazin@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp5Due to the boost in flux sensitivity

integral sensitivity (ergs / cm2 / s)

IACT sensitivities
10-10
Whipple 37 pix
MAGIC stereo
MAGIC upgrade
HESS-II mono

HESS-I-11

10

Whipple 109 pix
CAT

MAGIC stereo
HEGRA system
MAGIC upgrade

10-12
MAGIC
HESS-ICTA

VERITAS

CTA

-13

10

Sensitivity above 1 TeV
Sensitivity above 0.1 TeV
Sensitivity above 0.05 TeV
10-14
1980

Daniel Mazin

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

CTA

2010

2015

2020

2025
2030
Time (year)

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha6

Galactic Sources
Galactic Plan scan: H.E.S.S. legacy
Galactic center region
SNRPWN
CrabBinaries
Eta CarPulsars: big surprise!
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

713 articles in special A&A issue

Galactic Plane Scan of H.E.S.S.-I

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

8Galactic Plane Scan of H.E.S.S.-I

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

9Galactic Pevatron?

Daniel Mazin

H.E.S.S.: YES

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

10Galactic Pevatron?

Daniel Mazin

MAGIC: NO

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha11

HAWC survey vs IACTs

12 non-detections

Daniel Mazin

DA 495 detection

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

12

CasA is not a PeVatron

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

13

CasA is not a PeVatron

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

14

PWNs

Characteristic age

Spin-down PowerTeV efficiency

TeV luminosity

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

15Crab: where is the cutoﬀ?
HESS does not see a cutoff at 14 TeV any more
Excellent agreement among the instruments

Stay tuned for more data!
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

16Crab is extended in TeV
E > 0.7 TeV

TeV is comparable to X-ray size
This was expected (same electrons)Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

17Binaries: first extragalactic

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

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Binaries: Eta Car

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha19

PSR J2032 +4107

Binaries: Once in a life time

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

20

Pulsars: CrabDaniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

21

Pulsars: Vela
H.E.S.S.-I result

Sensation!

Data from 2004 - 2016
60 hrs in stereoscopic mode
>3 TeV: 5.3σ
>7 TeV: 5.6σ
H-test (>7TeV): 4.5σ

result until
2 weeks ago

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha22

Extragalactic Sources

BL Lacs
FSRQs
Radio galaxies
GRBs

We learn mostly from flareseven though quiescent state is interesting too

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha23

Extragalactic results dominatedby MAGIC+ Ton599 (z=0.72) detected onFriday, Dec 15, ATel#11061
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha24

BL Lac

BL Lacs

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha25

BL LacMrk 421 changing peak frequency
by 1 order of magnitude in 2013

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha26BL Lac

BL Lacertae: flares in 2015 and 2016
June 2015, MAGIC

October 2016, VERITAS

flux halving τ=33min

similar halving time

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

27

FSRQ

OJ 287: finally detected

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha28

FSRQ

PKS1510-089 flare in 2016

Intranight variability of VHE emission
with time scale of the order of an hour(and some hints of even faster changes)
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha29

FSRQ

Gravitationally lensed blazar
B0218+357
z=0.94

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

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FSRQ

Gravitationally lensed blazar
B0218+357

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

31

FSRQ

3C 279: 2015 flare
Fermi-LAT LC

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

32radio galaxy

NGC 1275 flare: New Year 2017

MAGIC, preliminary§ Harder spectrum w.r.t. Aleksić et al. 2014 and curved§ Signiﬁcant signal found above 1 TeV§ Power-law ﬁts plus exponenEal cutoﬀ indicate cutoﬀ at ~500 GeV
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha33

radio galaxy

M87: quiescent state 2012-2015
MAGIC in cooperation with K. Asano (ICRR)
Emission can be
explained by:Constant
injection ofparticles at ~200
Rg (~0.13pc)
The model candescribe theobservations
well assuming~15° viewing
angle and Γ=3
The model
requires energy
density in the jetstrongly
dominated byparticles
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha34

GRBsGamma ray bursts (MAGIC)MAGIC: time delay vs Zenith

96 GRBs:43 mono
53 stereo

GRB 160821B

z=0.16
Matter of time to catch one!
MAGIC vs HESS-II vs VERITAS: ongoing race for the first detection
but maybe the first detection will be made with LST (CTA)
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

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Observational cosmology

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha36

EBL limits (MAGIC)
Fobserved = Fintrinsic x exp(-α τ)Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha37

EBL limits (MAGIC)

good agreement withother indirect measurements

good agreement withwavelength independentmeasurement, butsomewhat higher >20 μm

Daniel Mazin

to be continued!

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha38

Cosmic Ray Physics

Electron spectrum (H.E.S.S.)
Iron Spectrum (VERITAS)

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha39

Electron spectrum

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha40

Iron spectrum

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha41

Fundamental Physics

Search for Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV)
Dark Matter search

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha42

LIV: likelihood analysis using
Crab Pulsar data

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha43

Dark matter searches

The search goes on. No positive hints so far
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha44

Multimessenger

Search for gamma-ray emission associated withastrophysical neutrinos
Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha

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Multimessenger
September 2017: TXS0506+056 (unknown redshift) in flaring statecoinciding with Extremely High Energy (EHE, through-going track) ν event
Chance coincidence or prove of hadronic emission?

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha46

Conclusion

TeV gamma-ray astronomy is blooming
Publication rate is stable, limited by the man power, canpublish for the next 3-4 years in the same rate
Saturation eﬀects not seen yet, thanks to upgrades ofthe major instruments
Looking forward to the CTA observatory!

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha47

BACKUP

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha48

EBL limits (MAGIC)

Daniel Mazin

CTA Japan Meeting, 2017 Dec 18/19, 2017, Kashiwa-no-ha49