2005 年 12 月 20 日
JPO

久賀 みず保国際開発援助動向研究会
第 48 回会合の議事録
1. 日

時：平成 17 年 12 月 20 日（火）12：00～14：00

2. 会

合：「国際開発援助動向研究会」第 48 回会合

3. 場所：国際協力銀行

開発金融研究所 大会議室

4. 発表者：Mr. Richard A. Morford（Managing Director, Donor& Multilateral Relations,Millennium Challenge Corporation）
5.

議

題：“Update on the U.S. Millennium Challenge Account---Strategy, Selection,Implementation, and Evaluation----Is the MCA Making a Difference?”

6. 出席者：
7. 議

42 名事：

7.1 開発援助情報システム「DAKIS」（(http://dakis.fasid.or.jp/report/reference.html)
・文献紹介 No.58
竹内潤子 (FASID 国際開発研究センター主任)“Meeting the Challenge of Africa’s Development: A World Bank Group
Action Plan” (The Africa Action Plan)
7.2

Today’s Presentation (December 20, 2005)

Background
Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) which is in charge of executing Millennium
Challenge Account (MCA) is a newly created organization to handle significant amountof US ODA. MCC’s operations are quite different from those of USAID; moretransparent, large ODA amount for few projects in a few countries selected by objective
governance and institutional criteria.
Multilateral Relations, MCC.

Mr. Morford is the Managing Director, Donor &Mr. Morford described recent developments at MCC(selection, implementation, changes in the MCC programs, threshold countries, andevaluation). We discussed with him and USAID/Tokyo representative possible expanded
areas of further cooperation and collaboration between MCC/USAID and Japanese ODA
agencies.
MCA’s objectives
MCA was established in January 2004. Our commitment was made at the UN Summit
in Monterrey, Mexico. The idea is to provide the greater resources to countries that aretaken grater responsibility for their own development.
1We have only one mandate. Our job is poverty reduction through economic growth. We
took almost 2 years from the time the president announced the MCA until the MCC wasestablished. In that time, we had to think a lot and tried to borrow concepts and learn
lessons of aid from the past.
Key lessons of aid
Key lessons of aid are that policies matter, and country ownership and results based
approaches are important. As for policy matter, one of the things interesting about it isthat we only work with countries that are relatively better in terms of policy.

We usesixteen independent indicators in three different criteria; ruling justly, investing inpeople, and encouraging economic freedom (www.mcc.org). The MCC Board selected 23countries as MCA eligible countries.
Regarding the second key, country ownership, is also very important.

We assessproposals based on 3 things. The first is the contribution to poverty reduction andeconomic growth. The second is the quality of the consultative process and breadth ofsupport. The last one is the ability to measure results.
The last point is results based. What happens once the proposal comes in, we work
diligently on it. We examine: Who is responsible for what we are trying to achievecollectively, what objectives are, how we will measure them, how we decide, who is going
to be doing the work. All these things are in the compact. Continued funding of thecompact depends on how well they do in carrying out the program and if they stayeligible under the indicators.
Examples: Compacts with Madagascar
The first compact is Madagascar. The goal of Madagascar compact is to increase
investment in rural area. It is $100 million over 4 years. There are several things that
had to be done to get the conditions right before we can put a lot of investment in therural areas. In case of the Madagascar, it includes land tenure, financial sector, andagricultural business investment.
What have countries wanted?
We now have proposals from 17 of the 23 countries. I would say large percentage is in
the rural development enforcing reducing rural poverty. The second interesting thing is
9 countries’ specific request are land titling. We get a lot of infrastructure requests. I
would say over half of the proposals involve something with how we improve conditions
for business.
Implementation
Once we have the compacts with, we do not implement. The country is responsible for2

implementation. What does that means? The countries have to decide a mechanism forprocurement, and on where to place the money. All those things are responsible forgovernment. MCC have one or two representatives in the each countries.
Where is the MCC Today?
Five compacts -Cape Verde, Georgia, Honduras, Madagascar, Nicaragua; we havecommitted roughly 1 billion dollars. Congress has given us roughly 4.25 billion dollars.
We have about 3 billion dollars available to commit in 2006.

We are moving.

7.3 Discussions
Q1. Usually, the major infrastructure projects require certain period, but in the case ofMadagascar, it took only 2 years. How are you able to move so fast with infrastructure?
A. We are able to move faster there because the World Bank had already done
environmental and social impact statements and the poor already had done
feasibility study.

But they are lacking money.

Q2. Are you going to extend budget support types of assistant or are you to stick withproject assistance?
A. We have not provided budget support. There are two reasons. The first is only one of
the countries has a necessary fiscal accountability and procurement capability thatallow us to provide budget support.

Secondly, our registration requires that we tie

a program very specifically to results. And very few budget support programs dothat well right now;. Does that mean that we will not work with budget support
groups? No. We will work very closely with budget support of other donors in every
country.
Q3.

Your activity is independent of your congress, same time your activity is lessindependent of other donors, donor coordination especially harmonization

andalignment along with DAC movements. You don’t have many local representatives
in countries. If you are supportive of aid coordination, how are you going to do ask,
for example, GTZ agents to work together?
A. Harmonization is more interesting one. We were not probably harmonized on
everything as you see how we operate. They will be in different ways. We will see theopportunity of harmonization. For example participation PIFA exercise which ispublic expenditure finance. If you can get a method agreed on how you go about
assessing countries’ public expenditure management of their procurement practices ,then we will know how good these guys are taking care of their money.

3

Q4. The objective and method of MCA is very clear, but what is the genuine new point?
A. If you look at each of the elements, there is nothing new.

But the package isdifferent. And the other thing we have done is a kind of a one step beyond. For
example, the fact we are not the whole US government but of one part of aid
community means they were able to be much more transparent publicly. We tellcountries that on the website they can look at exactly how they are doing on the 16
indicators. The other thing is that they can take ownership. We ask the country
what part they want to work on. That is better in terms of country ownership and it
goes beyond what most donors are willing to go.
Q5. Are there any changes or strategies to USAID’s part?
A. There were a lot of fears at the beginning. The MCA would be coming into a country;
USAID’s mission would be closing down. That is something we never wanted and weare very happy they did not happen will not happen. A mission of each of thesecountries continues. We coordinate very closely and share information. But we are
not substituting for USAID activities. They have mission much bigger than ours.
Q6. We understand that there is only one MCC person in each country at present. Not
only to create base line survey, but also to monitor what is going on and also toengage policy dialogue or to simply to assess what is going on with the results or
how to adjust a framework which produces result.

Also the tough part is creating

meaningful result based management system. How to really assess the result basedon that framework is very tough but we are not quite sure that the only one person
can do it. Even if you have a team back at the headquarters, is it really enough to domeaningful things?
A. One critical point is the country’ capacity to implement what is in the proposal. This
is not easy for some countries. We have people from NGO, government, private
sector to come and help MCA.
（以4上）