HOYU PATENT OFFICE(FUJIMAKI PATENT OFFICE)

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Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0052, Japan
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Via E-mail and DHL Courier

January 10, 2014

Dr. Bernhard Merkau
GLAWE, DELFS, MOLL
Liebherrstrasse 20
D-80538 München
Germany
Re:

Entry into the German Phase
based on PCT/JP2012/074299
Applicant(s): Mitsumasa SAITOHYour Ref.: MSAI001PDE
Our Ref.: 12FI015PCT-DE
Proposed Due Date:
February 10, 2014
Due Date: March 21, 2014 (30 months from the priory date)

Dear Dr. Merkau:
Thank you for your e-mail of December 27, 2013,
responding to our inquiry about the filing fees of thenational stage entry of the PCT application of the aboveidentified PCT application.
We would like to ask you to represent the German Patent
Application based on the above-mentioned PCT Application.
Please file the national phase patent Application inaccordance with our information sheet on or before February 10, 2014.
After you file the German Patent Application with theGerman Patent Office, please inform us of the filing date byfacsimile.
If you need any further information and documents,
please let us know as soon as possible.
Please acknowledge receipt of this letter by return facsimile. Also,
please keep the present application in force unless otherwise instructed.

HOYU PATENT OFFCIEOur Ref.;12FI015PCT-DE

Page 2

With best regards,
Very truly yours,
HOYU PATENT OFFICE

Masanori FUJIMAKI
Patent Attorney
MF/mmfEnclosures:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Information Sheet
1 (E-mail & DHL)
Form PCT/IB/304
1 (E-mail & DHL)
English Translation of International Application
PCT/JP2012/074299
1 (E-mail & DHL, CD-ROM)
English Drawings
1 (E-mail & DHL, CD-ROM)
PCT International Publication Pamphlet with ISR
1 (E-mail & DHL)
CD-ROM
1 (DHL)INFORMATION SHEET(NATIONAL PHASE PATENT APPLICATION IN GERMANY)

Title of the Invention:
DEVICE FOR SENSING HUMAN BODY ABNORMALITY BY STANDING-WAVE
RADAR AND METHOD FOR USING SAME
Proposed Due Date: February 10, 2014
Due Date for Entry into the National Phase (30 months from the priority date) :March 21, 2014

Our Reference No.:

12FI015PCT-DE

PCT Application Number: PCT/JP2012/074299
International Filing Date:

September 21, 2012

Priority of Japanese Application(s):1. Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-205460 filed on September 21, 2011
2. Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-022579 filed on February 4, 2012
The application 2 required a domestic priority right based on the application 1.
The application 2 has allowed whose Patent No. is 5377689 and Registration Date:
October 4, 2013.
Applicant(s):Name:Address:
Nationality:

Inventor(s):Name:Address:
Nationality:

Mitsumasa SAITOH
7-8, Torigoe, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi,
Kanagawa 221-0064, Japan
Japanese Citizen

Mitsumasa SAITOH
7-8, Torigoe, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi,
Kanagawa 221-0064, Japan
Japanese Citizen

Request for Examination at time of filing: YES
Amendment under PCT Article 19:
Demand for International Preliminary Examination:
Amendment under PCT Article 34:

None
None
None

Information of corresponding application:

Japan, U. S. A.

- 1 -DESCRIPTIONDEVICE FOR SENSING HUMAN BODY ABNORMALITY BY STANDING-WAVE
RADAR AND METHOD FOR USING SAMETECHNICAL FIELD
5[0001]The present invention relates to a light-emitting diode(LED) illumination apparatus, and more particularly relates
to a device for sensing human body abnormality using
standing-wave radar provided with a function for sensing a

10

danger situation of a human body positioned below anillumination apparatus using a standing-wave radar, and to amethod for using same.
BACKGROUND ART[0002]

15

A conventional illumination apparatus for sensing ahuman body senses a human body using an infrared sensor, anultrasonic sensor or Doppler sensor, and controls the on andoff state of illumination (Patent Documents 4 and 5), butcannot sense a danger situation of a human body.

20[0003]
Patent Document 1 discloses a system having a radio
wave sensor for emitting radio waves and for receiving
reflected waves thereof, a detector for detecting the phaseand amplitude of signals received by the radio wave sensor

25

to obtain detection signals, and a signal processor formeasuring the current position, movement, respiratory rate,and heart rate of an animal or resident from the detection
signal to determine the presence of an animal or resident,

- 2 -

the system being used as resident monitoring system that canbe readily installed in residences to be monitored having avariety of floor plans, and that is capable of readily
ascertaining the behavior dynamics of residents and changes
5in the living space.
[0004]
Patent Document 2 discloses a non-contact
cardiopulmonary function monitoring device provided with aradio wave sensor for detecting the movements of a monitored

10

object using the Doppler effect, wherein movement signals
are passed through a respiratory rate filter in which thefrequency band of a respiratory rate is used as a passfrequency band, and are passed through a heart rate filter
in which the frequency band of a heart rate is used as a15

pass frequency band, and the respiratory rate and heart rate
are calculated from the maximum amplitude in each passfrequency band.
[0005]
Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses a monitoring

20

system for transmitting and receiving radio waves in a
residence, extracting a respiration signal in a frequency
band corresponding to the respiration of a resident and amovement signal in a higher frequency band than the
respiration signal, from a signal that corresponds to a25

reflected wave received by a radio wave sensor, anddetermining that the resident is in an abnormal state when
the resident has not moved for a fixed length of time or
longer, on the basis of the movement signal, while the- 3 -

respiratory signal is detected (claim 1).

Also, the radio

wave sensor is a Doppler sensor (claim 3).
[0006]
Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-open Patent
5

Application No. 2010-66877
Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 3057438
Patent Document 3: Japanese Laid-open Patent
Application No. 2006-285795
Patent Document 4: Japanese Laid-open Patent

10

Application No. 2011-34938
Patent Document 5: Japanese Laid-open Patent
Application No. 2003-132704
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Problems the Invention Is Intended to Solve

15[0007]
However, the conventional technique described in Patent
Document 1 detects respiratory rate and heart rate of aperson from the phase or amplitude detected by a pluralityof radio wave sensors installed in each room (paragraph

20[0007]), but in relation to the position information of aresident, this conventional technique merely determines the
position of a resident by assuming a resident is positioned
in an area monitored by a sensor in which the phase or
amplitude is fluctuating, and that a resident is not present

25

in an area monitored by a sensor in which the phase or
amplitude is not fluctuating (paragraph [0013]).

In thismanner, in relation to the position of a resident, only
position information about which room a resident is in can

- 4 -

be detected in Patent Document 1.

In relation to anabnormality of a resident, an abnormality is determined in
the case that the resident is in a location for a long
period of time that the resident does not ordinarily remain
5

for a long period of time (paragraph [0026]).

Therefore, anabnormality of a person cannot be rapidly detected with highprecision in Patent Document 1.
[0008]In the case that the amplitude and phase of a received
10

signal of a reflected wave of an emitted radio wave are to
be detected in accordance with Patent Document 1, thedistance at which the amplitude and phase of the radio wave
can be detected must be several meters or more away, andonly the amplitude and phase of reflected waves from the15

position several meters or more away can be detected.

Whenthe detector is a Doppler radar, the heart rate andrespiratory rate can be detected at a close distance, but aDoppler radar detects changed in the frequency of reflected
waves, and the heart rate and respiratory rate cannot
20

therefore be detected using only changes in the amplitude
and phase of a signal, as is the case in Patent Document 1.
[0009]
Furthermore, in Patent Documents 2 and 3, the frequencyof the maximum amplitude is calculated from a signal

25

detected using the Doppler effect as the respiratory rate
and the heart rate, but since this is a Doppler scheme, thespeed of an object can be detected, but the distance cannot
be detected.

Consequently, Patent Documents 2 and 3 cannot

- 5 -

detect the position of a human body.
[0010]The present invention was devised in view of these
problems, and an object thereof is to provide a device for5sensing a human body abnormality using standing-wave radar
and a method for using the same, which are capable ofdetecting the position of a human body, and the respiratory
rate, heart rate, and the like thereof, and rapidly sensing
sudden changes to the condition of the detected human body,10by merely installing the present invention in lieu ofexisting illumination apparatuses installed in restrooms,
bathing rooms, corridors, and the like.
[0011]
Means for Solving the Problems

15

The device for detecting human body abnormality using
standing-wave radar according to the present invention
comprises:a standing-wave sensor for externally transmitting afrequency-swept radio wave, detecting, at two points

20

separated by a fixed distance, a reflected wave received
from an external reflection object basedon the transmitted

wavelength with  being the wavelength of the transmitted
wave, and sensing a standing wave combined from thetransmitted wave and the received wave;
25

a computation unit for removing the DC component fromthe intensity distribution of the frequency of the combined
wave sensed by the standing-wave sensor, performing a
Fourier transform, obtaining a distance spectrum, and- 6 -

computing a change in phase and distance to the reflection
object;a signal processor for removing the distance component
obtained when no person is present in a measurement space5

from the distance component to the obtained reflection
object, and obtaining distance information that is different
from the distance component obtained when no person ispresent in the measurement space to extract the distancecomponent to a person to be measured who has entered into

10

the measurement space; anda determination unit for sensing an abnormality in aperson to be measured from a variation in the intensity
distribution of the component associated with the distanceto the person to be measured and determining the physical15

state of the person to be measured and the physiologicalstate including a respiratory rate and pulse from the change
in phase.
[0012]The device for detecting human body abnormality using

20

standing-wave radar according to the present invention
comprises:a standing-wave sensor for externally transmitting afrequency-swept radio wave, detecting, at two points
separated by a fixed distance, a reflected wave received

25

from an external reflection object basedon the transmitted

wavelength with  being the wavelength of the transmitted
wave, and sensing a standing wave combined from thetransmitted wave and the received wave;

- 7 -

a computation unit for removing the DC component fromthe intensity distribution of the frequency of the combined
wave sensed by the standing-wave sensor, performing a
Fourier transform, obtaining a distance spectrum, and5computing from the distance spectrum of a first interval andthe distance spectrum of a second interval in a single
period a phase difference from two distance spectra and achange in phase;a signal processor for removing the distance component

10

obtained when no person is present in a measurement spacefrom the distance component to the reflection object
obtained from the phase difference, and obtaining distanceinformation that is different from the distance component
obtained when no person is present in the measurement space15

to extract the distance component to a person to be measured
who has entered into the measurement space; anda determination unit for sensing an abnormality in aperson to be measured from a variation in the intensity
distribution of the component associated with the distance20

to the person to be measured and determining the physicalstate of the person to be measured and the physiologicalstate including a respiratory rate and pulse from the change
in phase.
[0013]

25

The standing-wave radar-integrated LED illumination
apparatus of the present invention, wherein, e.g., a power
supply unit composed of a connector that can be mounted in alight bulb socket or sealing is disposed below the case, and- 8 -

power is supplied to the LED light source and the standingwave sensor via the power supply unit.
[0014]The standing-wave radar-integrated LED illumination
5

apparatus of the present invention, wherein, e.g., thecomputation unit, the signal processor, and thedetermination unit are housed in the case as a module
together with the standing-wave sensor.
[0015]

10

Furthermore, in the standing-wave radar-integrated LED
illumination apparatus of the present invention, e.g., thedetermination unit emits an alarm by transmitting an alarm
signal to an external alarm signal receiver when the
distance to the person to be measured, or the respiratory

15

rate or pulse of the person to be measured has been
determined to be in a danger area set in advance.
[0016]In the method for using the standing-wave radarintegrated LED illumination apparatus of the present

20

invention, the standing-wave radar-integrated LED
illumination apparatus of the present invention describedabove is installed in a ceiling of a building or residence
to determine an abnormality of a human body inside theresidence or building.

25[0017]In the method for using the standing-wave radarintegrated LED illumination apparatus of the present
invention, the standing-wave radar-integrated LED

- 9 -

illumination apparatus described above is installed in aceiling of a vehicle or a ceiling of passage or tunnel todetermine congestion of human bodies therein.
[0018]
5

In the method for using the standing-wave radarintegrated LED illumination apparatus of the present
invention, the standing-wave radar-integrated LED
illumination apparatus described above is installed forilluminating a road, and a water level of water that has

10flooded a road and congestion of human bodies positioned in
the road are determined.
Effects of the Invention[0019]
According to the present invention, it is possible to15

measure with high precision the distance to a person being
measured from a very small distance to a distant locationand to measure the respiratory rate, pulse, and other verysmall displacements of a person being measured, by analyzing
standing waves.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

20[0020]

FIG. 1 is a view of the external appearance of the LED
illumination apparatus according to embodiments of thepresent invention;
25

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view the same
showing the structure thereof;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the radar control moduleboard 7, the standing-wave radar module 8, and the LED

- 10 -

control unit 10 of the same;
FIG. 4 represents the basic configuration of astanding-wave radar;
FIG. 5 represents wavelength of a transmitted wave;
5

FIG. 6 represents the power of a combined wave;
FIG. 7 is a view of post Fourier conversion;
FIG. 8 represents the power of a combined wave;
FIG. 9 represents the basic configuration of astanding-wave radar in relation to a plurality of targets;

10

FIG. 10 is a spectral view showing the objective
component pa (fd, 0);
FIG. 11 represents a distance spectrum in the case of
two targets;
FIG. 12 represents the anti-logarithm portion and the15

imaginary number portion of the spectrum of a combined wave;
FIG. 13 illustrates the detection positions of areflected wave;
FIG. 14 is a block diagram and waveform diagram showing
another embodiment of the present invention;

20

FIG. 15 represents a principle of measuring distance;
FIG. 16 similarly represents a principle of measuring
distance;
FIG. 17 represents the usage method when the LED
illumination apparatus of an embodiment of the present

25

invention has been installed in a restroom;
FIG. 18 represents the usage method when the LED
illumination apparatus of an embodiment of the present
invention has been installed in a bathing room;- 11 -

FIG. 19 represents the usage method when the LED
illumination apparatus of an embodiment of the present
invention has been installed in a hallway;
FIG. 20 represents a typical abnormal respiratory5

pattern;
FIG. 21 represents the state in which the LED
illumination apparatus of an embodiment of the present
invention is used for monitoring the interior of a passenger
train;

10

FIG. 22 represents the state in which the LED
illumination apparatus of an embodiment of the present
invention is used for monitoring road conditions;
FIG. 23 represents a directly under-type illumination
apparatus;

15

FIG. 24 represents an illumination apparatus in a lightguide scheme;
FIG. 25 is a chart obtained by measuring the
respiratory period by detecting very small displacement; andFIG. 26 represents a respiratory rhythm.

20

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION[0021]
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be
described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view of the external appearance of the standing-25

wave radar-integrated LED illumination apparatus according
to embodiments of the present invention.

A case of the LED

illumination apparatus is composed of: a metal cap 1 thatcan be mounted in an existing socket; a case main body 2

- 12 -

having a heat-dissipating function and being formed from ABS
or another resin material, or an aluminum material or the
like; and a translucent cover 3 composed of a transparent or
semitransparent ABS or polycarbonate or the like translucent
5

resin material, or glass or the like.

The translucent cover

3 has a lens shape for scattering light or narrowing a lightbeam.

In lieu of a metal cap 1, some illumination

apparatuses have a hook sealing 4 for hooking and mounting
on the sealing of a ceiling.
10

In this manner, there are

numerous LED illumination apparatuses, and the present
invention can be applied to any LED illumination apparatus.
[0022]
FIG. 2 represents the structure of an LED illumination
apparatus according to an embodiment of the present

15

invention.

In the LED illumination apparatus, a surface-mounted LED 6, a standing-wave radar module 8, and a LED
control unit 10 are accommodated inside a case composed ofthe metal cap 1, the case main body 2, and the cover 3.

Thelower half portion of the metal cap 1 is threadably inserted
20

into a socket and is formed from an electroconductive
material.

The upper half portion of the metal cap 1 is an

insulating support body.

A threaded part 1a is provided tothe upper end part of the insulating support body of themetal cap 1, the threaded part 1a being extended along the25

inner peripheral edge part thereof in peripheral direction.
A threaded part 2a is also provided to the upper end part ofthe case main body 2, the threaded part 2a being extended
along the outer peripheral edge part thereof in peripheral

- 13 -

direction.

The threaded part 1a is screwed onto thethreaded part 2a, whereby the metal cap 1 and the case main
body 2 are coupled together.

Also, a threaded part 2b isformed on the upper part of the case main body 2, a threaded
5part 3a is formed in the lower end part of the cover 3, andthe threaded part 3a is screwed onto the threaded part 2b,whereby the cover 3 and the case main body 2 are coupled
together.
[0023]

10

An insulating guide frame 12 for securing a board is
disposed inside the case main body 2, and a board 11 of the
LED control unit 10 is secured to the guide frame 12.

Theboard 11 is secured to the guide frame 12 such that thesurface thereof is in the vertical direction, i.e., such
15

that the surface of the board 11 is parallel to the center
axis of the illumination apparatus.

The LED control unit 10

is mounted on the board 11 and is arranged within the space
enclosed by the case main body 2 and the metal cap 1.

An

externally supplied 100-V AC power is fed to the board 11
20

inside the metal cap 1, and the power is AC-DC converted bya converter mounted on the board 11, and is thereafter fed
to the LED control unit 10.
[0024]An aluminum board 5 having excellent heat dissipation25

is arranged with the surface thereof horizontal on the upper
end part of the case main body 2.

The aluminum board 5 is

supported by the edge part of the upper end part of the casemain body 2, and the board 11 is inserted through the- 14 -

aluminum board 5 so as to protrude into the cover 3 area.
The radar control module board 7 is supported with thesurface thereof horizontal on the upper end part of theboard 11, and the standing-wave radar module 8 is mounted on
5

the radar control module board 7.

A plurality (seven in theillustrated example) of LEDs 6 is arranged in positions
equivalently distributed about the center axis of theillumination apparatus, i.e., in positions of equidistantintervals at the outer periphery.
10

Wiring for the board 11

is connected to the power line of the aluminum board 5, theLEDs 6 mounted on the aluminum board 5 are supplied withpower by the LED control unit 10 via the wiring for theboard 11 to cause the LEDs 6 to emit light.

Power issupplied via the board 11 to the standing-wave radar module
15

8 mounted on the radar control module board 7.

The

standing-wave radar module 8 transmits/receives microwaves
or other radio waves, and the radar control module board 7
wirelessly transmits detection signals to an external relay
apparatus.
20

An antenna 8a is disposed on the upper surfaceof the standing-wave radar module 8, and radio waves aretransmitted/received via the antenna 8a.

The standing-wave

radar module 8 is capable of being inclined in relation to
the radar control module board 7, and the standing-wave
radar module 8 is inclined to thereby allow the orientation
25of the antenna 8a to be adjusted.
[0025]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the radar control moduleboard 7, the standing-wave radar module 8, and the LED

- 15 -

control unit 10.

AC power at 100 V is inputted from anexternal power source to a power supply block 21 of the LED
control unit 10, converted to DC power by an AC-DC converterof the power supply block 21, and inputted to an internal
5

power regulator 23.

A DC 5-V power is fed to the standing-wave radar module 8 and a LED controller microcomputer 24.
The output of the AC-DC converter is fed to a LED driver 22
as well and used for driving the LEDs 6.

The LED controller

microcomputer 24 receives control signals from the standing10

wave radar module 8, and outputs a LED on/off control signal
and a light modulation control signal to the LED driver 22.
The LED driver 22 drives the LEDs 6 on the basis of thesecontrol signals.
[0026]

15

A computation unit 31 is provided to the radar control
module board 7.

The computation unit 31 generates afrequency control voltage that has been FM-modulated by amodulation signal generator 38, the frequency control
voltage is inputted to the control input of the VCO of a 2420

GHz high-frequency module 35 after the frequency control
signal converted to an analog signal by a DA converter 39
has been amplified via an operational amplifier 40.

The VCOis made to sweep the frequency of the emitted radio wave by
the frequency control signal.
25[0027]The 24-GHz high-frequency transceiver 35 is provided tothe standing-wave radar module 8.

The 24-GHz high-frequency

transceiver 35 is a module in which a 24-GHz band VCO

- 16 -

(voltage control oscillator) and flat antenna 8a have been
integrated.

With this transceiver 35, microwaves are

emitted from the flat antenna 8a via the VCO and thereflected waves from the reflected body are detected by the5antenna 8a.

Two wave detectors 36a, 36b are housed in thetransceiver 35, and the wave detectors 36a, 36b detect
transmitted waves and received waves.
[0028]
When radio waves are transmitted from the antenna 8a
10

and a reflection object is present, reflected waves returnto the antenna 8a and superimposed waves having the same
frequency yet different travel directions result in astanding wave.

A transmitted signal (traveling wave) and a

received signal (reflected wave) are exist together in the15antenna power supply unit and in the pathway connecting the
VCO and antenna 8a, and these signals combined produce a
standing wave.

In this case, the sweep voltage fed to the

VCO must be held constant at least during the time that theemitted radio wave is reflected from the reflection object
20

and returns.

Therefore, the sweep voltage must be varied ina stepwise fashion.

The VCO is controlled so as tosequentially switch the frequency, whereby the signal levelof mixed waves for a plurality of frequencies is detected by
the wave detectors 36a, 36b.
25

The power of the transmitted

waves, the power of the reflected waves, and a component
produced by the standing wave are detected by the wave
detectors 36a, 36b.

The resulting detected-wave signals areamplified in the required frequency band of 400 kHz or less- 17 -

by the operational amplifiers 37a, 37b, are converted to adigital signal by an AD converter 41 inside the computation
unit 31, and are thereafter inputted to a signal processor
42.
5

The inputted signals have a period that is inversely

proportional to the distance from the reflection object andare therefore made to undergo a Fourier transform in thesignal processor 42 to thereby obtain a frequency which is
the reciprocal of the period, whereby the distance to areflection object can be obtained.

10

Information about verysmall displacements of a reflection object can be detectedon the basis of the phase of the resulting waveform.

For

example, in the case of 24 GHz, a very small displacement isa value obtained by dividing the speed of light by 4f, anddisplacements in the range of about 3.125 mm can be
15

detected.

In this manner, the signals detected by the wave

detectors 36a, 36b are made to undergo signal processing,the distance from the reflection object and the speed anddisplacement of the reflection object are computed, andchronological changes thereof are measured, whereby movement20of the reflection object can be detected.

The movement of

the reflection object is analyzed by the computation unit
42, the results are outputted to an alarm unit 43, the alarm
unit 43 outputs to the LED controller microcomputer 24 acontrol signal that causes LEDs to switch on, blink, switch25

off, causes an alarm to switch on and off, or causes anotheraction.
[0029]
The computation unit 31 transmits the obtained state of

- 18 -

the reflection object to the exterior, wirelessly via ahigh-frequency unit 32 and wired by a output terminal 33.
Also, the computation unit 31 emits an alarm sound via an
audio amplifier 34.
5

Any means among wireless transmission,

wired transmission, and alarm sound may be used.
[0030]
Next, the operation of an embodiment of the present
invention will be described together with the configurationof the signal processor 42.

10

A standing wave is produced byinterference between a transmitted wave VT generated fromthe VCO, which is the signal source, and reflected waves
VR1, VR2, VR3, , VRn from a target, as shown in FIG. 4.
The standing-wave radar senses the existence of a target byusing this standing wave, and measures the distance d1, d2,

15d3, , dn to the target.
[0031]The transmitted wave (traveling wave) is represented by
Formula 1, where A is the amplitude of the signal source, fis the frequency, and c is the speed of light (3  108 m/s).

20

However, the frequency f is represented by f0 and fd, as
shown in FIG. 5.
[0032][Formula 1]

25[0033]The reflected wave from the target can be represented
by Formula 2 below, where dk is the distance to the kth

- 19 -

target, k (magnitude of the reflection coefficient) is theratio of the magnitude of the reflected wave with respect tothe transmitted wave at an arbitrary point on the x axis,and k (phase of the reflection coefficient) is the phase5

difference.
[0034][Formula 2][0035]
10

The detection wave output detected by the antenna
results in a combined wave, and the amplitude Vc istherefore represented by Formula 3 below.

The power is thesquare of the amplitude, and the power of the combined wave
is therefore represented by Formula 4 below.
15[0036][Formula 3][0037][Formula 4]

20[0038]The magnitude of the transmitted wave is greater thanthe magnitude of the reflected wave by a magnitude of one,

- 20 -

where k is considerably less than 1.

In view of this fact,

Formula 1 and Formula 2 are substituted into Formula 4 toobtain an approximated value, resulting in Formula 5.
[0039]
5[Formula 5][0040]In Formula 5, the first term in the brackets ({})
represents the power of the transmitted wave, the second
10term represents the power of the reflected wave, and thethird term represents the change in power by the standingwave.

A conventional radar receives a reflected wave, whichis the second term, and performs signal processing, but inthe present invention, the signal of the third term
15

undergoes signal processing.

Consequently, since the firstand second terms are to be deleted, the combined wave powerp(fd, xs) is differentiated by fd, and the first and second
terms are deleted.
[0041]
20

Here, when the number of targets (reflection objects)
is 1, n = 1 is substituted into Formula 5 to obtain Formula
6 below.

FIG. 6 is a result of forming a graph based on

Formula 6.

In other words, the power of the combined wave

is the sum of a fixed value 1 + 2 and the periodic
25function.

In FIG. 6, the frequency (reciprocal of theperiod) of the periodic function is c/2d, which give- 21 -

consideration to the distance d component.

Consequently,

obtaining the frequency from the period results in obtaining
the distance d.

The DC component 1 + 2 is removed from

Formula 6 and a Fourier transform is carried out, whereupon5

a distance spectrum P(x) is obtained, as shown in FIG. 7.
[0042][Formula 6][0043]
10First, the variables are substituted in the Fouriertransform formula shown in Formula 7 below and a Fouriertransform is carried out using the observation position as
the origin to thereby obtain the distance spectrum shown in
Formula 8 below.

15

In the formula, Sa(z) = sin(z)/z.

Formula 8, the DC portion has not be cut.

In

When a function

having a period is Fourier-expanded, it is broken down into
oscillation components (sin, cos) and the DC component
included in the function.

In terms of a formula, thedistance spectrum is displayed in the manner shown in
20

Formula 8 below.
[0044][Formula 7]

- 22 -

[0045][Formula 8][0046]
5

A2fw(1 + k2)Sa(2fw/c)x) in Formula 8 is the DC
component, and this DC component is removed by a capacitor
in a real circuit.
[0047]
FIG. 8 shows the case in which the power P(x)10represented by the third expression in Formula 8 is viewed
in a graph.

The DC component, which is the first term in

the brackets ({}) in Formula 8, is removed, the cos
component, which is the third term, is converted to acomplex sinusoidal wave (analysis signal) and removed, and15

the component of the second term, which is the standing wave
component, can be extracted out.

However, a signal on theimaginary number side leaks into the second term component
in the braces ("{}") of Formula 8, as shown by the broken
line in FIG. 8.
20

In other words, the standing wave componentof this portion is a value in which a signal on theimaginary number side has leaked in.
[0048]In order to solve such problems, when signal obtainedby combining the transmitted wave and the reflected wave is25

detected in the present invention, the signal level is- 23 -

detected at two points at a distance of /8 from each other,where  is the wavelength of the transmitted wave, as shownin FIG. 9.

In other words, when the x axis is the travel

direction of the radar, the antenna receives a reflected5wave from n targets, which are the reflection objects (where
n is a natural number; only two are shown).

This isdetected together with the transmitted wave by two power
detectors set at a distance of /8 from each other in the xaxis direction, and this undergoes signal processing.
10At

this point, the power of the detector positioned at x1 = 0
is obtained as p(fd, 0) shown in Formula 9 below by
substituting x1 = xS = 0 into Formula 5, which shows thedetection power, and the power of the detector positioned at
x1 = -/8 is obtained as p(fd, -/8) shown in Formula 9 below

15

by substituting x2 = xs = -/8 into Formula 5, which shows
the detection power, where p(fd, x1) and p(fd, x2) are thepower levels detected by the two detectors.

As shown in

Formula 9, a standing wave is detected as two points set ata distance of /8 from each other, whereby the orthogonal
20

component of cos and sin is obtained in the standing-wave
component outputted by the detector positioned at each (0, /8), and it is thereby possible to remove the effect of thesignal that has leaked in from the imaginary image side.

Inother words, this is an analysis signal obtained by a vector
25

in which the orthogonal components of cos and sin (the Xaxis component and the Y-axis component) have been combined.
Ordinarily, a signal on the imaginary axis side cannot bemeasured, but the signal on the imaginary axis side can be- 24 -

measured at the -/8 position, and a vector combined signal
can be formed.

The rotational speed of this vector is thefrequency, and therefore, in the present embodiment, thisfrequency and phase are analyzed.
5[0049][Formula 9]
Output of detector positioned at X1 = 0

10[0050]The terms a and b are given in Formula 10 below, wherea is the standing-wave component of the output of thedetector positioned at xS = 0 in Formula 9, and b is the15

standing-wave component of the output of the detector
positioned at xS = -/8.

When the third expression in

Formula 8 is substituted on the basis of Formula 11 below,
Formula 12 and Formula 13 below are obtained.

In otherwords, it is possible to perform the substitution such that20

the X axis and the Y axis (real signal, imaginary axis
signal) obtained by Formula 10 are converted to a real
signal.

More precisely, Formula 13 expresses a signal in

the time direction and a signal on the axis of rotation, butultimately, it is apparent that a rotating analysis signal
25

can be calculated using Formula 13.

- 25 -

[0051][Formula 10]5[0052][Formula 11][0053][Formula 12]10[0054][Formula 13]

- 26 -

[0055]The term PDC on the right side of Formula 12 is the DC
component, and m(fd) cos((fd) - 4(f0 + fd)/c  xS) is the5standing-wave component which varies in a periodic fashion.
In relation to this standing-wave component, the combined
component a + jb produced from the component a positioned at
xS = 0 and the component b positioned at xS = -/8 is theorthogonal component between sin and cos, as described

10

above, and the analysis signal is a combination of a and b,
whereby the effect of the unnecessary signal (the signal
which has leaked in from the imaginary number side shown in
FIG. 8) is removed.

Accordingly, this value (the signal of

Formula 13) is analyzed and the objective component (fd, 0)
15

shown in FIG. 10 is thereby obtained.

FIG. 12 shows the

distance spectrum obtained by applying a Fourier analysis tothe detection wave signal, and the fluctuation period f of
the standing-wave power produced by sweeping thetransmission frequency, i.e., the frequency f of the20

distance spectrum, is represented by c/(2d), as shown in
FIG. 12.

Accordingly, when the DC component is removed fromthe detected combined wave and subjected to a Fourier

- 27 -

transform, the frequency f can be obtained and the distanced to a person being measured can be obtained.
[0056]In the description above, an analysis signal is a5

combination of a component a positioned at xS = 0 and acomponent b positioned at xS = -/8, but the present
invention is not limited thereby, and it is also possible tomeasure the distance between two points set at a distancefrom each other in the x-axis direction, multiply the signal

10

obtained using the real axis and the imaginary axis by acoefficient to obtain a combined signal by calculation.

The

power level detected by the two detectors is manifest as thereal-axis component (I component) and the imaginary-axis
component (Q component), and each are an orthogonal
15

component of a sin waveform and a cos waveform, as shown in
FIG. 13.

At this point, when the detection position of thereflected wave is set at a distance of /8 away in the xaxis direction, the phase  is 45° and the signals obtainedon the real axis and the imaginary axis are in a 1:1
20

relationship.

Therefore, it is possible to dispense with acoefficient and perform the analysis directly.

However,when the distance between the two points is, e.g., /6, thephase is 60°, and the distance can be analyzed using a
coefficient with the real axis (x axis) and the imaginary
25

axis (y axis) in a 1:2 relationship (the imaginary axis
being double the real axis).

Accordingly, computation is

not necessarily limited to the case in which a reflectedwave is detected at two points set at a distance of /8 from- 28 -

each other, but there is an advantage in that computation
processing is simplified by detecting a reflected wave at
two points set at a distance of /8 from each other.
[0057]The distance spectrum when there are two targets is5

obtained by removing the DC portion from a combined wave of
the power p (fd, 0) at xS = 0 and the power p (fd, -/8) at
xS = -/8 and performing a Fourier transform, thereby
obtaining a frequency corresponding to the distance and10

obtaining the distances d1 and d2, as shown in FIG. 11.
[0058]
FIG. 12 represents the anti-logarithm spectrum and the15

imaginary-number spectrum of a combined wave.

The speed ofradio waves c is about 300,000 km per second.

When afrequency sweep of an emitted wave is carried out with awidth of 75 MHz (fw), the wavelength at 75 MHz is c/fw = 4m.
However, in a sweep for sampling the waveform, the roundtrip is 4 m, so the outgoing distance is therefore half at 2m.

20This 2 m unit is referred to as a single period.

Inview of the above, 10 periods are measured when 20 m aremeasured in a sweep width of 75 MHz.

When the sweep time is

256 s, the frequency of the observed waveform is 10/256 s= 39 kHz.

Similarly, when 200 m are measured, there are 100

periods, and therefore 100/256 s = 390 kHz.
25

The level ofthe frequency in the detected spectrum shown in FIG. 12
shows the strength of the reflection, and the frequency canbe substituted for distance.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG.

11, when a peak is manifest at 39 kHz by Fourier transform,- 29 -

it is apparent that wave is a reflected wave from a position
at a distance d1 = 10 m, and when a peak is manifest at 390
kHz, it is apparent that wave is a reflected wave from a
position at a distance d2 = 100 m.
5

In this manner, when thedetection power pa (fd) of the combined wave in the detector
is integrated, the DC component is removed, and a Fouriertransform is performed, the distance to a reflection object
can be obtained.
[0059]

10

When the sweep width is 200 MHz, a single period is0.75 m.

Therefore, when the measurement is 10 m, 10/0.75 =13.3 periods are observed, and when the sweep time is 256
s, 13.3/256 = 51.9 kHz.

In other words, when the sweep

width is 200 MHz and a peak is manifest at 51.9 kHz, the15

distance to the reflection object is observed to be 10 m.
Therefore, the sweep width and the sweep time are adjusted,
whereby the frequency of the detection wave output can be
adjusted.

Since the bandwidth is limited by restrictions in

the Radio Wave law, the distance to the reflection object is20

generally measured by varying the sweep time.
[0060]
Next, measurement of very small displacements will be
described.

In relation to the phase, in Formula 8, thephase related to a kth target is obtained by Formula 14
25

below, where dk is the amount of change in the distance dk,
and k is the amount of change in phase, resulting in
Formula 15 below.
[0061]

- 30 -

[Formula 14][0062][Formula 15]5[0063]A very small displacement in the distance d is obtained
from Formula 15.

When the frequency is 24 GHz, it ispossible to sense a displacement of 3.125 mm.
10[0064]As described above, the distance and very small
displacements of a reflection object can be measured in thesignal processor 42 by analyzing a standing wave obtained by
combining a reflected wave from the reflection object with15

the transmitted wave.

Chronologically ascertaining themeasurement results makes it possible to measure thedistance, speed, and displacement of the reflection object,
and as a result, the movement of the reflection object.

Inconventional radar, it is difficult to measure a distance of20

1 to 2 m or less, but the present invention makes it
possible to measure the distances from nearly 0 m to as far
as 200 m.

In the case of the present invention, sensing

very small displacements is possible, and the relative
displacement resolution is as high as 0.01 mm.
25

Furthermore,in the case of a standing-wave radar, abnormalities of the- 31 -

human body can be sensed with high precision because waves
pass through clothing and are directly reflected by aclothed human body.
[0065]
5

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will
be described with reference to FIG. 14.

The present

embodiment senses respiratory rate, heart rate, and otherbiological information on the basis of Formula 15 above froman analysis signal containing biological information, and10

the distance to a person to be measured is also sensed.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the frequency sweep signal(detected wave signal on the real axis and imaginary axis)of the present embodiment.

When the center frequency f0 of

the emitted wave is, e.g., 24 GHz and the sweep frequency is
15

75 MHz (fw), analysis is performed in the interval of asingle period (75 MHz) with the standing wave being divided
into a first-half interval and a second-half interval.

Inother words, analysis is carried out by Fourier transformand the phases 1 and 2 in the vector plane of the20

analysis signal of b1 and b2 are represented by Formula 16
and 17 below in similar fashion to Formula 14 above, whereb1 is the analysis signal obtained when the oscillator VCO
has been varied from a frequency f0 to f0 + fd1 (the firsthalf interval of a single period), and b2 is the analysis

25

signal obtained when the VCO has been varied from afrequency f0 + fd1 to f0 + fd (the second-half interval of asingle period).

Accordingly, the phase difference  is

obtained by subtracting Formula 16 from Formula 17, giving

- 32 -

Formula 18 below.

This is shown in FIG. 15, where 2/3 isthe phase difference.
range of 0 to 2.

This phase difference  is in aThis phase difference is the phasedifference  of the analysis signal and is not the change
5in phase (k of Formula 15), as shown in FIG. 16.
[0066][Formula 16][0067]
10[Formula 17][0068][Formula 18]15[0069]
When dk is isolated in Formula 18, Formula 19 below is
obtained.
[0070][Formula 19]

20[0071]
By Formula 18, since the speed of light c = 3  108(m/sec), the distance dk is calculated to be dk = 3  108 

- 33 -

(2/3)/4 (150  106 - 100  106) = 1.0 m for the case inwhich the phase difference  is 2/3 (120°), where fd =150 MHz and fd1 = 100 MHz.

The measurement range is 0 to

2, and it is therefore possible to measure distance of 1.0
5

m to a tripled value at 3 m.

In this manner, thephysiological state such as the respiratory rate and pulse
obtained by very small displacements, as well as the
distance d can be obtained from the phase difference.
[0072]
10

Next, usage examples of the standing-wave radarintegrated LED illumination apparatus according toembodiments of the present invention installed will be
described.

FIG. 17 is the case in which the LED

illumination apparatus of the present embodiment is15

installed in the ceiling of a restroom to monitor human bodyabnormalities.

FIG. 18 is the case in which the LED

illumination apparatus of the present embodiment isinstalled in the ceiling of a bathing room to monitor humanbody abnormalities.
20

FIG. 19 is the case in which the LED

illumination apparatus of the present embodiment isinstalled in the ceiling of a hallway to monitor human bodyabnormalities.
[0073]First, the case in which a resident has fallen in a25

restroom will be described, as shown in FIG. 17.

First, theLED illumination apparatus is installed and a standing wave
without the presence of a person is analyzed to thereby
measure the distance d4 to the floor surface and the- 34 -

distance d3 to the toilet from the LED illumination
apparatus.

A resident then enters the restroom, and the

distance d2 is measured by the LED illumination apparatus of
the present embodiment.
5

The distance d2 is the distance tothe head of the resident.

At this time, the LED

illumination apparatus may be turned on.

In this manner,

the distance d2, which is different from d3 and d4, ismeasured, and it is thereby determined that a resident isusing the restroom.
10

After a length of time suitable forusage of the restroom has elapsed and when the distance d2
is no longer measured, it is determined that the restroom
has been used in an ordinary manner.

When observation of

the distance d2 has ended, the LED illumination apparatus
may be turned off.
15

[0074]On the other hand, when a user is curled up in the
restroom and when seated on the floor, an abnormality has
occurred in the human body, the distance d5 and the distanced6 are different than the distances d3 and d4 and are20

greater than the distance d2 to the head when seated on the
toilet.

It is therefore apparent that an abnormal state hasarisen.

In this case, if the user is conscious, the LED

illumination apparatus detects the movement of the user, it
is determined that the object is a human body rather than an
25

article, and the occurrence of an abnormality in the humanbody can be reliably ascertained.

The alarm unit 43 thereby

outputs an alarm signal to provide external notification
about the abnormal situation of a restroom user.

At the- 35 -

same time, it is also possible to display the dangerous
state by causing the LED illumination apparatus to blink on
and off, causing the amount of light to vary using light
modulation, or varying the color temperature (hue).
5

When aportion of the restroom door is translucent glass, a danger
display using the above-described LED illumination apparatus
is provided as notification to a family member or the likeoutside the restroom.
[0075]

10

When a user has collapsed on the restroom floor and is
not conscious, the LED illumination apparatus measures adistance d7 that is different from the distance d2 to thehead, and movement of the human body cannot be measured.
However, in the present invention, very small displacements

15

can be detected by phase analysis, and the respiratory rate,pulse, and other very small displacements in the human bodyof the collapsed person can also be detected.

In view of

the above, the present invention is capable determining thatan object is not an article, but is rather a human body that20

has collapsed.

In this case, the standing-wave radar canpass through clothing and directly measure movement on thesurface of the human body, and it is therefore possible tomore reliably sense an abnormality of the human body.

Anorganism is a reflection object having a reflection25

coefficient of 0.7 or higher, and it is therefore possible
to measure displacement using the surface of the human bodyand to directly measure skin movement of the human bodythrough clothing.

The displacement amplitude of the- 36 -

breathing of an ordinary adult is generally about 2 to 3 mm,
and the very small displacement of a standing wave can bemeasured to about 3 mm.

Therefore, abnormality of a humanbody can be reliably sensed.
5Also, when the respiratory

rate, pulse, or other danger area or rhythmic pattern is set
in advance in the computation unit 31, it is possible to not
only differentiate between a human body and an article bydetecting respiration or the like, but it is also possible
to determine whether or not the respiratory state of the10

human body is serious.
[0076]In the case of the bathing room shown in FIG. 18, inthe case of a hallway shown in FIG. 19, or in other cases,
measurement results are similarly obtained for when a person

15

is not present, and the abnormality of a resident can be
determined by excluding the measured distance from theabnormality sensing.

At this time, the distance range to be

detected during ordinary human body movement is set, and it
can be determined that an abnormality has occurred in a20

resident when a distance outside of this range has been
detected.

Furthermore, since the respiration and pulse canbe measured from very small displacements, it is possible todetermine whether an object is a human body, and, if theobject is a human body, to what degree the situation is
25

serious.

FIG. 20 is a chart showing the state of measuring

a respiratory rate.

It is apparent that abnormal

respiration can be detected by the present invention, as
shown in FIG. 20.

- 37 -

[0077]
FIG. 21 shows a method for mounting the LED
illumination apparatus of an embodiment of the present
invention in the ceiling of a train, and analyzing standing
5

waves to determine the level of congestion on a train.
Mounting the LED illumination apparatus of an embodiment of
the present invention in the ceiling of a train in thismanner makes it possible to detect whether the number ofhuman bodies on a train is high or low and to determine the10general number thereof.

Therefore, a central operations andmanagement center for trains can readily ascertain whether
the train is full, congested in an ordinary fashion, or notcongested.
[0078]
15

FIG. 22 shows a method for mounting the LED
illumination apparatus of an embodiment of the present
invention in an urban utility pole to provide LED
illumination and to determine the water level when a roadhas been flooded with water and to determine the extent that20

people are present in the road undergoing this abnormality.
In this manner, mounting the LED illumination apparatus ofan embodiment of the present invention in a utility polemakes it possible for a disaster prevention center to manage
and determine changes in the water level of the road flooded

25

with water, to determine the number of people that have been
dispatched to the road in such a case, and to make other
determinations.
[0079]

- 38 -The present invention is not limited to the embodiments
described above and can be modified in various ways.

For

example, FIG. 23 shows another mode of the illumination
apparatus of the present invention.
5

The illumination

apparatus shown in FIG. 23 is different from the light bulbtype shown in FIG. 2, has LEDs arranged on the obverse sideof a sign or other planar light-emitting display surface,
and is a directly under-type illumination light.

A

transceiver 102 for transmitting a radio wave to the10exterior and receiving a reflected wave from the exterior isinstalled in the center position on a board 100.

A

plurality of LEDs 101 is arranged at, e.g., equidistantintervals about the periphery of the transceiver 102.

These

LEDs 101 and transceiver 102 are covered by a transparent
15

cover 103.

The illumination light from the LEDs 101 is

emitted to the exterior via the cover 103, and thetransceiver 102 transmits/receives the transmitted wave andthe reflected wave via the cover 103.

This cover 103 has alight-scattering effect, and LED illumination light20

scattered from the cover 103 toward the exterior is emitted
as smooth illumination light.

In this illumination

apparatus as well, radio waves can be transmitted from andreflected waves received by the transceiver 102.

In thisdirectly under scheme, the LEDs are arranged behind the25

illumination cover, and LED light is emitted direction to
the exterior.

Accordingly, the luminous energy of the LED

light is high, and the transceiver 102 cannot be disposed
behind (below) the metal heat-dissipating board 101, and the- 39 -

installation position of the radar transceiver isrestricted.

It is apparent that the display surface forplanar light emission is not necessarily limited to a sign.
A surface such as wall that does not have characters or
5drawings thereon may also be used in the same manner a sign.
[0080]The illumination apparatus shown in FIG. 24 is a lightguide scheme illumination apparatus.

A radio wave

transceiver 112 is arranged behind a light guide plate 110,10

illumination light emitted from a plurality of LEDs 111
lined up at equidistant intervals is introduced into thelight guide plate 110 from the side surface of the lightguide plate 110.

The illumination light is reflected inside

the light guide plate 110 and irradiated from the light15

guide plate 110 in a direction perpendicular to the surface
thereof.

A transparent cover 113 is also arranged in frontof the light guide plate 110 and the cover 113 also has alight-scattering effect and is capable of irradiating smooth
illumination light by scattering.
20

LED light that hasentered into the light guide plate 110 is reflected onto theupper and lower surfaces inside the light guide plate 110,
the luminous energy forms a substantially uniform planeemission light within the surface, and is emitted to theexterior from the upper surface of the light guide plate

25

110.

In this illumination apparatus as well, a radio wave

can be transmitted and a reflected wave can be received fromthe transceiver 112.

In this light guide scheme, theillumination light can be emitted in a planar form, and the- 40 -

position of the radar transceiver 112 may be behind thelight guide plate 110 and the installation location is not
restricted.
[0081]
5

FIG. 25 is a chart showing measurements of therespiratory state of a person 201 lying on a bed 202, asshown in FIG. 26, in the form of very small displacements
obtained from the amount of phase change in a distancespectrum using the LED-integrated standing-wave radar 200 of

10

the present embodiment disposed in a ceiling.

In the caseas well of a person lying on a bed, obtaining measurement
results of the distance spectrum when a person is notpresent and eliminating noise produced by the measurement of
the bed and other accessory articles makes it possible to15

determine whether a person is on the bed, and the present
invention can be used as a bed-leaving sensor.

In thiscase, the present invention is capable of measuringrespiration and pulse from very small displacements, and itis therefore possible to reliably determine whether a20measured object is a human body.
[0082]On the other hand, the lungs swell when air is inhaled(during inhalation), and the lungs contract with when air isexhaled (during exhalation).

25

In view of this fact, when atime A from a stationary state to a peak value (during
inhalation; lungs in swelled state) when air has been
inhaled is measured, and a time B from a stationary state towhen air is expelled (during exhalation) is measured, then A

- 41 -

+ B is a respiratory period.

In other words, the verticalmovement of the lungs of a person 201 is sensed by thestanding-wave radar 200 of the present embodiment.

In thepresent embodiment, vertical movement of the chest by5

respiration of the person 201 can be sensed by the standingwave radar 200 even when the person 201 is wearing clothingor when the person 201 is covered by bedding.

The chart on

the right in FIG. 26 shows chronological change in the
respiratory rate and respiratory stability of a person 201
10

on the bed 202 measured by the standing-wave radar 200 of
the present embodiment.

FIG. 26 also shows the results ofseparately measured blood pressure and body temperature.

In

FIG. 26, respiratory stability is related to the magnitude
of vertical movement in the respiratory period A + B shown15

in FIG. 25.

In other words, the wave shown in FIG. 25 islarger when the vertical movement of the chest by
respiration is great.

The magnitude of the verticalmovement of the chest increases and decreases, and when thefrequency of change in magnitude is high, respiratory
20

stability is considered to be poor.

In FIG. 26, the case inwhich frequency of change in the magnitude of verticalmovement of the chest is low is the upper part of thevertical axis of the graph, and respiratory stability is
considered to be high; and the case in which frequency of
25change in the magnitude of vertical movement of the chest ishigh is the upper part of the vertical axis of the graph.
As shown in FIG. 26, the respiratory stability of the person
201 has worsened (trended lower) after two months had

- 42 -

elapsed, and it is apparent that respiratory disturbanceincreased and indications of cardiac failure have appeared.
Nevertheless, change in the blood pressure and bodytemperature are not observed, and no change in the5

respiratory rate is observed.

Accordingly, indications ofcardiac failure cannot be sensed by merely monitoring theblood pressure, body temperature, and respiratory rate.
[0083]
It is well known that heart action is competitively
10controlled by sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves,and that the heart beat interval constantly fluctuates inperiodic fashion.

Here, two main frequency components areobserved when fluctuation information about the heart beatinterval (hereinafter referred to as "heart beat fluctuation15

information") generated from chronological heart beatinterval information is subjected to a frequency analysis.
One of the components is a frequency component of 0.05 to
0.15 Hz, which is referred to as a low-frequency (LF)component, and mainly reflects the state of activity of20

sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves.

The othercomponent is a frequency component of 0.15 to 0.45 Hz, whichis referred to as a high-frequency (HF) component, andmainly reflects the state of activity of parasympathetic
nerves.
25

Since these frequency components reflect autonomous

nervous activity, the power of the spectrum thereof is used
as an indicator of the state of activity of automatic nervesin tests of automatic nervous function or the like.

In astate of rapid eye movement sleep (REM), the voluntary- 43 -

muscles of the body show a state approximate to an awakened
brain, even in a relaxed state, and the eyes move often
under the eyelids.

Non-REM sleep is a state of sound sleep.

The first REM sleep appears at about 60 to 120 minutes after5

the start of sleep, and REM sleep thereafter appears in a
repeating fashion between REM sleep and non-REM sleep.

The

period is generally 90 minutes (90 to 110 minutes), andabout three to five periods occur during sleep.

In thiscase, it is known that light sleeping during REM sleep is10

easier to awaken from than is deep sleep during non-REM
sleep.

Sleep is considered to be one biological periodic

phenomenon (circadian rhythm: a rhythm with a period of
about 24 hours) and is controlled by nerve tissue referred
to as an internal biological clock.
15[0084]In the embodiments of the present invention,
fluctuation information about heart beat intervals issubjected to a frequency analysis, whereby the timeinterval, number of cycles, and the like of non-REM sleep

20

and REM sleep can be detected.

In view of the above, it ispossible to use the device for detecting human bodyabnormality using standing-wave radar of the present
embodiment to sense abnormalities in the sleep state using
the heart rate.
25

Also, in accordance with the LED-integrated

standing-wave radar of the present embodiment, it ispossible to know the timing of non-REM sleep and REM sleep
from the heart rate.

Therefore, the color temperature of

the LEDs can be set to be a red, low color temperature when- 44 -

sleep is being induced prior to going to bed, and the color
temperature of the LEDs can be set to be a blue, high color
temperature when an awakened state must be induced.

The

illumination light is thereby modified with suitable timing,
5

whereby an awakened state and a sleep state can be suitably
supported, making it possible to contribute to themaintenance of a state of mental health.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY[0085]

10

In accordance with the present invention, it ispossible to sense a person that has collapsed or the like,and the respiratory rate, pulse, and other physiologicalinformation of a human body, and it is possible to sensethat a human body has fallen into a dangerous state, making

15

a tremendous contribution to securing the safety of a human
body.
Key
[0086]
1: metal cap

20

2: case main body
3: cover5: aluminum board
6: LED
7: standing-wave radar module board

25

8: standing-wave radar module
10: LED control unit
11: board
12: frame- 45 -

31: computation unit
35: 24-GHz high-frequency module
42: signal processor

- 46 -

What is claimed Is:
1.

A device for sensing human body abnormality using

standing-wave radar, comprising:a standing-wave sensor for externally transmitting a5frequency-swept radio wave, detecting, at two points
separated by a fixed distance, a reflected wave received
from an external reflection object basedon the transmitted

wavelength with  being the wavelength of the transmitted
wave, and sensing a standing wave combined from the10transmitted wave and the received wave;
a computation unit for removing the DC component fromthe intensity distribution of the frequency of the combined
wave sensed by said standing-wave sensor, performing a
Fourier transform, obtaining a distance spectrum, and15

computing a change in phase and distance to said reflection
object;a signal processor for removing the distance component
obtained when no person is present in a measurement spacefrom the distance component to the obtained reflection

20

object, and obtaining distance information that is different
from the distance component obtained when no person ispresent in the measurement space to extract the distancecomponent to a person to be measured who has entered into
said measurement space; and25

a determination unit for sensing an abnormality in aperson to be measured from a variation in the intensity
distribution of the component associated with the distanceto the person to be measured and determining the physical- 47 -

state of said person to be measured and the physiologicalstate including a respiratory rate and pulse from saidchange in phase.
2.
5

A device for sensing human body abnormality using

standing-wave radar, comprising:a standing-wave sensor for externally transmitting afrequency-swept radio wave, detecting, at two points
separated by a fixed distance, a reflected wave received
from an external reflection object based on the transmitted

10

wavelength with  being the wavelength of the transmitted
wave, and sensing a standing wave combined from thetransmitted wave and the received wave;
a computation unit for removing the DC component fromthe intensity distribution of the frequency of the combined

15

wave sensed by said standing-wave sensor, performing a
Fourier transform, obtaining a distance spectrum, andcomputing from the distance spectrum of a first interval andthe distance spectrum of a second interval in a single
period a phase difference from the distance spectra and a20change in phase;a signal processor for removing the distance component
obtained when no person is present in a measurement spacefrom the distance component to the reflection object
obtained from said phase difference, and obtaining distance25

information that is different from the distance component
obtained when no person is present in the measurement space
to extract the distance component to a person to be measured
who has entered into said measurement space; and- 48 -

a determination unit for sensing an abnormality in aperson to be measured from a variation in the intensity
distribution of the component associated with the distanceto the person to be measured and determining the physical5

state of said person to be measured and the physiologicalstate including a respiratory rate and pulse from saidchange in phase.
3. The device for sensing human body abnormality using
standing-wave radar according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:10

a case at least partially provided with a transparent
cover; anda LED light source as a light-emitting unit forirradiating illumination light to the exterior via saidcover, the LED light source being housed in the case,15

said standing-wave sensor, said computation unit, said
signal processor, and said determination unit being housedin said case, and said standing-wave sensor
transmitting/receiving radio waves via said cover and being
housed in an LED illumination apparatus.

20

4. The device for sensing human body abnormality using
standing-wave radar according to claim 3, wherein a power
supply unit comprising a connector that can be mounted in alight bulb socket or sealing is disposed below said case,and power is supplied to said LED light source and said

25

standing-wave sensor via the power supply unit.
5. The device for sensing human body abnormality using
standing-wave radar according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said
computation unit, said signal processor, and said- 49 -

determination unit are housed in said case as a module
together with said standing-wave sensor.
6. The device for sensing human body abnormality using
standing-wave radar according to any of claims 1 to 5,5wherein said determination unit transmits an alarm signal toan external alarm signal receiver when the distance to said
person to be measured, or the respiratory rate or pulse of
said person to be measured has been determined to be in adanger area set in advance.

10

7. The device for sensing human body abnormality using
standing-wave radar according to any of claims 3 to 5,
wherein said determination unit emits an alarm by turning
said LED illumination apparatus on and off, or varying thelight modulation, when the distance to said person to be

15

measured, or the respiratory rate or pulse of said person to
be measured has been determined to be in a danger area set
in advance.
8.

A method for using a device for sensing human bodyabnormality using standing-wave radar, wherein the device
20

for sensing human body abnormality using standing-wave radar
according to any of claims 1 to 7 is installed in a ceilingof a building or residence to determine an abnormality of ahuman body inside the residence or building.
9.

25

A method for using a device for sensing human bodyabnormality using standing-wave radar, wherein the device
for sensing human body abnormality using standing-wave radar
according to any of claims 1 to 7 is installed in a ceilingof a vehicle or a ceiling of passage or tunnel to determine

- 50 -

congestion of human bodies therein.
10.

A method for using a device for sensing human bodyabnormality using standing-wave radar, wherein the device
for sensing human body abnormality implemented by the5standing-wave radar-integrated LED illumination apparatus
according to any of claims 3 to 5 is installed forilluminating a road using said LED light source, and a waterlevel of water that has flooded the road and congestion ofhuman bodies positioned in the road are determined.

10

- 51 -

ABSTRACT
LEDs arranged in a circle, a standing-wave laser
module, a board with a computation unit provided thereon,
and an LED control unit are disposed inside a case.
5

Illumination light is irradiated outward from the LEDs, andmicrowaves are transmitted from the standing-wave laser
module and the reflected waves are detected.

Thecomputation unit combines the transmitted waves and thereflected waves to detect standing waves, and the distance10

to the body off which the waves are reflected and minutedisplacements (e.g., pulse and respiration) are detected on
the basis of the standing waves.

Thus, merely installing

the present invention in lieu of existing illumination
apparatuses installed in restrooms, bathing rooms,
15

corridors, and the like allows the position of a human body,and the respiratory rate, heart rate, and the like thereof
to be detected, and allows sudden changes to the conditionof the detected human body to be rapidly detected.

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ＦＩＧ．２５RESPIRATORY PERIODHIGH LEVELNORMALRESPIRATIONABNORMAL VIBRATIONDURING EXHALERESPIRATORYPERIODRESPIRATORYPERIODRESPIRATORYARREST

LOW LEVELＦＩＧ．２６