Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 34(1), pp. 31–41, March 21, 2008

Taxonomic Studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) in Japan XVII.
Two New Species from Hokkaido and Honshu
Yuichi Kadota
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,
4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, 305–0005 Japan
E-mail: kadota@kahaku.go.jp

Abstract Cirsium ito-kojianum is described from eastern Hokkaido and is distinguished from C.
kamtschaticum by having well branched stem with divaricate, elongated branches, (8–)9–10-seriate involucral phyllaries, longer florets, thicker peduncles and ribbed achenes; from C. boreale bywell branched stem with divaricate, elongated branches, thicker peduncles, pinnatilobate, middle
cauline leaves, vestigial glandular bodies and longer, outer involucral phyllaries. Cirsium yoshidae
is described from Mie Pref., Honshu and is clearly distinguished from C. grandirosuliferum by
having stem branched below the middle of stem with elongated branches, 10–11-seriate involucral
phyllaries, several subtending leaves, longer florets 18–20 mm long, narrowly ovate and ascending
to recurved involucral phyllaries and oblanceolate to lanceolate but almost vestigial glandular
bodies.
Key words : Cirsium ito-kojianum, Cirsium yoshidae, Hokkaido, Honshu, new species.

Introduction
In order to prepare a monograph on the Japanese Cirsium (Asteraceae) I have reported someresults based on both field and herbarium examinations (Kadota, 1989–2007; Kadota andNagase, 1988). Here I will report two new
species from Hokkaido and Honshu, Japan.
Thistles characterized by large nodding heads
and deeply pinnatilobate cauline leaves grow inthe maritime grasslands facing the Pacific Ocean,
Kushiro and Nemuro Subprefectures, Hokkaido.
This thistle was regarded as C. kamtschaticum
Ledeb. ex DC. (Kitamura, 1937; Kitamura et al.,1957; Ko. Ito, 1987; Kadota, 1995) or C.
pectinellum A. Gray (Umezawa, 2007). However,this thistle is different from both Cirsium species
by having (8–)9–10-seriate involucral phyllaries,
several subtending leaves, thicker peduncels andlarger florets. Especially heads are larger thanboth species and they are rather ‘suspending’than ‘nodding’.
In late October of 2007 some living materials
of Cirsium were sent from Dr. Kuniji Yoshida tome. These materials were collected by him at
Iseki, Tsu-shi, Mie Prefecture, central Honshu
and he noticed the presence of this thistle there
about 20 years ago (Yoshida, pers. comm.). This
thistle resembled C. grandirosuliferum in having
rosulate, basal leaves, numerous erect heads andnarrowly cylindrical involucres. However, thisthistle is clearly different from C. grandirosuliferum by having ascending to recurved, middle and outer phyllaries and vestigial glandular
bodies at first sight. Furthermore this thistle isrestricted to Mie Prefecture, central Honshu, on
the contrary C. grandirosuliferum is distributedin Gifu and Nagano Prefectures. The range of thisthistle is far from that of C. grandirosuliferum by
ca. 200 km. In November of 2007 I made a fieldstudy in Mie Prefecture and it was concluded that
this thistle belongs to a distinct species, Cirsium
yoshidae.

Taxonomic treatment
Genus Cirsium Mill., Gard. Dict. Abringd. ed. 4,
1 (1754), emend. Scop., Fl. Carn. 355 (1760).

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Yuichi Kadota

Sect. Onotrophe (Cass.) DC., Prodr. 6: 644(1837).
Genus Onotrophe Cass. in Dict. Sci. Nat. 36: 145(1825).
Ser. Onotrophe (Cass.) Maxim. in Bull. Acad.
Sci. St.-Petersb. 19: 502 (1874).
Subsect. Borealicola Kitam. in Acta Phytotax.
Geobot. 3: 7 (1934).
1.

Cirsium ito-kojianum Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 1–2]
Cirsium kamtschaticum auct. non Ledeb. ex
DC.: Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ., ser.
B [Compos. Jap. I] 13: 42 (1937), pl. Nemuro; in
Kitam. et al., Col. Illust. Herb. Pl. Jap. I: 33(1957), p. p. — Ko. Ito et al., Check List High.
Pl. Hokkaido IV: 158 (1987), p. p. — Kadota, Fl.
Jap. IIIb: 139 (1995), p. p.
Cirsium pectinellum auct. non A. Gray:
Umezawa, Wild Fl. Hokkaido 211, photo (2007).
Differt ab Cirsio kamtschatico, caule beneramoso ramis divaricatis, phyllariis involucrorum(8–)9–10-seriatis, flosculis longioribus, pedunculis crassioribus, acheniis costatis; ab C.
boreali, caule bene ramoso ramis divaricatis,
pedunculis crassioribus, foliis mediis caulinis
pinnatilobatis, vittis vestigialibus non nisi superphyllariis involucrorum intimis, phyllariis exterinis involucrorum longioribus.
TYPE: JAPAN: HOKKAIDO; Kushiro
Subpref., Akkeshi-gun, Akkeshi-cho, Tokotan,
42°5944N 144°5226E, alt. 20 m, 2 August
2007, Y. Kadota 073454 (TNS 768100 — holotype; Fig. 2).
A hermaphrodite, perennial, herbaceous plant,
0.25–2 m tall. Rootstock stout, horizontal, up to
3 cm in diameter, with cord-like roots. Stemdeclining to erect, well branched from the middle
part or sometimes simple, leafy, spiny-winged,
arachnoid and covered with short brownish hairsin the upper part. Basal leaves usually withering
at anthesis or persistent in windy locations near
the seashore. Lower cauline leaves bright green
on the adaxial side, thick and somewhat fleshy,
auriculate and amplexicaul, decurrent, long petiolate; blades ovate to broadly ovate in outline,

10–52 cm, 7–26 cm broad, glabrous on the
adaxial side and pubescent with long brownish
hairs along midribs on the abaxial side, shallowly
to medially pinnatilobate, 5 – 8-jugate; lobes narrowly ovate, 2.5–10 cm long, 0.7–5.5 cm broad,with weak spines 1–3 mm long; petioles 3.5–
21 cm long, spiny-winged. Middle and upper
cauline leaves shallowly pinnatilobate to coarsely
dentate, sessile, auriculate and amplexicaul,
decurrent. Flowers in July to September. Capitula
2–3 in a loose raceme or solitary, hanging down
to nodding, with peduncles 2–3 cm long,
3–5 mm in diameter at apex; subtending leaves
2–5, linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1–2 cm long,with sharp spines 3–7 mm long. Involucres
bowl-shaped to broadly campanulate, 20–25 mm
long, 20–30 mm (in vivo) and 40–60 mm (insicco) in diameter, sparingly to densely arachnoid. Phyllaries (8–)9–10-seriate, ascending to
subpatent; glandular bodies vestigial only on the
inner ones, narrowly lanceolate, eglutinous; outer
phyllaries narrowly ovate with long acuminate
tips, 10–15 mm long, slightly shorter than the
inner ones, herbaceous, terminated with sharp
spines ca. 2 mm long. Corollae deep pink,(13–)18–22 mm long; lobes 4–6 mm long;
throats 4–6 mm long; tubes (5–)8–14 mm long,usually longer than the throats. Achenes purplish
brown, 4–4.5 mm long, ribbed; pappus sordid,(10–)15–17 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n 4x68.
Japanese name: Akkeshi-azami (nom. nov.).
Distribution: Hokkaido (the Nemuro Peninsula, Kushiro and Nemuro Subprefs., themaritime region facing the Pacific Ocean; Fig. 3).
Additional specimens examined: JAPAN:
HOKKAIDO; Kushiro Subpref., Kushiro-shi,
Tottori, 25 July 1960, T. Ozaki s.n. (TNS
152917). Kushiro-cho, Konbumori, 42°5817N
144°3150E, alt. 80 m, 2 August 2007, Y.
Kadota 073491–073492 (TNS 768113–768116).
Akkeshi-gun, Akkeshi-cho, Akkeshi, 14 July
1971, S. Minoro and S. Tsugaru s.n. (TNS
339716); Akkeshi-cho, Tokotan, 42°5944N
144°5226E, alt. 20 m, 2 August 2007, Y.
Kadota 073451–073453, 073455–073458 (TNSFig. 1. Habit of Cirsium ito-kojianum Kadota (JAPAN: HOKKAIDO; Kushiro Subpref., Akkeshi-gun, Hamanaka-cho, Biwase, 43°0259N 145°0501E, alt. 10 m,
2 August 2007). Right corner inset shows a “suspending” capitulum.

Two new species of Cirsium from Hokkaido and Honshu
33

34

Yuichi Kadota

Fig. 2. Type specimen of Cirsium ito-kojianum Kadota (JAPAN: HOKKAIDO; Kushiro Subpref., Akkeshi-gun,
Akkeshi-cho, Tokotan, 42°5944N 144°5226E, alt. 20 m, 2 August 2007, Y. Kadota 073454, TNS 768100,
holotype).

768085–768099, 768102–768112); Akkeshicho,
Namida-misakiCape,
42°5946N
145°0028E, alt. 70 m, 2 August 2007, Y.
Kadota 073461–073463 (TNS 768213–768215);

Hamanaka-cho, Biwase, 43°0259N 145°0501
E, alt. 10 m, 2 August 2007, Y. Kadota 073481–
073485 (TNS 768191–768197); Hamanaka-cho,
Kiritappu, 43°0421N 145°0747E, alt. 10 m, 2

Two new species of Cirsium from Hokkaido and Honshu

Fig. 3. Distribution
Kadota.

of

Cirsium

ito-kojianum

August 2007, Y. Kadota 073471–073473 (TNS768200–768211). Nemuro Subpref., Nemuroshi, Ochiishi to Ochiishi-misaki Cape, 11 August
1970, G. Murata 21152 (TNS 276977); Ochiishi,
12 July 1972, J. Haginiwa 4637 (TNS 954637);
Ochiishi, 9 July 1975, J. Haginiwa 11072 (TNS961072); Ochiishi, alt. 40 m, 7 September 1986,
Y. Kadota 13849–13854 (TNS 9026644–
9026639); Bettoga, alt. 40 m, 7 September 1986,
Y. Kadota 13817, 13832 (TNS 9026602); Habomai, 14 August 2007, S. Umezawa 07081404(TNS 767906–767909); Nosappu, 11 July 1972,
J. Haginiwa 4629 (TNS 954629); Nosappu, 14August 2007, S. Umezawa 07081401–07081403(TNS 767910–767912); Goyômai, 11 July 1972,
J. Haginiwa 4627, 4628, 4635, 4636 (TNS954627, 954628, 954635, 954636); On’nemoto
to Goyômai, 11 July 1972, J. Haginiwa 4634,
4638 (TNS 954634, 953638).
The specific epithet is dedicated to Professor
Emeritus Dr. Koji Ito who found this thistle andnoticed that this is different from C.
kamtschaticum Ledeb. ex DC. for the first time
(Nishikawa, pers. comm.).
Cirsium ito-kojianum is distinguished from C.
kamtschaticum by having well branched stemwith divaricate, elongated branches, (8–)9–10seriate involucral phyllaries, longer florets, thicker peduncles and ribbed achenes; from C. boreale Kitam. by having also well branched stemwith divaricate, elongated branches, thicker

35

peduncles, pinnatilobate, middle cauline leaves,vestigial glandular bodies and longer, outer involucral phyllaries. Both C. kamtscaticum and C.
boreale do not occur in the Nemuro Peninsula.
Cirsium ito-kojianum grows in maritime grasslands associated with Thalictrum minus var. hypoleucum, Potentilla sprengeliana, Rosa rugosa,
Rubus parvifolius, Sanguisorba tenuifolia, Lespedeza bicolor, Geranium yesoense, Angelicasachalinensis, Hypericum erectum, Bupleurum
longiradiatum var. elatius, Galium verum subsp.
asiaticum var. trachycarpum, Scabiosa japonica
var. acutiloba, Adenophora triphylla var. japonica, Artemisia japonica subsp. littoricola, Festuca
ovina, F. rubra, Miscanthus sinensis etc.
2. A new species from Honshu
Subsect. Angustiinvolucrae Kadota, Fl. Jap.
IIIb: 135 (1995).
Cirsium yoshidae Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 4–5, 6A]
Differt ab Cirsio grandirosulifero, caule beneramoso ramis divaricatis, phyllariis involucrorum
10–11-seriatis, flosculis longioribus, foliis subtentorum pluribus, phyllariis exterinis involucrorum anguste ovatis vel lanceolatis, ascendentibus
vel recurvatis, 3–4 mm longis, vittis oblanceolatis vel lanceolatis fere vestigialibus.
TYPE: JAPAN: HONSHU; Mie Pref.,Taki-gun, Taki-cho, Ôka, Ekuni, 34°3034N
136°3517E, on the small slope along a roadfrom Aramaki to Nishi-Ikegami near the JR Railway, alt. 20 m, 3 November 2007, Y. Kadota
078106 (TNS 768134 — holotype; Fig. 5).
A hermaphrodite, perennial, herbaceous plant,
0.4–2 m high. Root stock sturdy, horizontal to
oblique, up to 1 cm in diameter, with firm, cordlike roots. Stem erect to inclining, sulcate, wellbranched below the middle part, arachnoid andcovered with brownish hairs in the upper part;
branches elongated. Basal leaves dull green, coriaceous, somewhat fleshy, persistent at anthesis
and rosulate; blades narrowly obovato-lanceolate
in outline, 14–40 cm long, 6–12 cm wide,
glabrous to densely covered with short brownish
hairs on the adaxial side, covered with short

36

Yuichi Kadota

Two new species of Cirsium from Hokkaido and Honshu

Fig. 5. Type specimen of Cirsium yoshidae Kadota (JAPAN: HONSHU; Mie Pref., Taki-gun, Taki-cho, Ôka,Ekuni, 34°3034N 136°3517E, alt. 20 m, 3 November 2007, Y. Kadota 078106, TNS 768134, holotype).

Fig. 4. Habit of Cirsium yoshidae Kadota (JAPAN: HONSHU; Mie Pref., Taki-gun, Taki-cho, Ôka, Ekuni,
34°3034N 136°3517E, alt. 20 m, 3 November 2007). Left corner inset shows an erect capitulum.

37

B

Fig. 6. Comparison between Cirsium yoshidae Kadota and C. grandirosuliferum Kadota in involucres. A. C. yoshidae (JAPAN: HONSHU; Mie Pref., Taki-gun,Taki-cho, Ôka, Ekuni). B. C. grandirosuliferum (JAPAN: HONSHU; Nagano Pref., Kiso-gun, Nagiso-machi, Fukibata).

A

38
Yuichi Kadota

Two new species of Cirsium from Hokkaido and Honshu

brownish hairs along the veins on the abaxialside, medially to deeply pinnatilobate, with petioles 2–6 cm long, amplexicaul; lobes 5–8-jugate,
ovate, 0.5–6 cm long, 0.5–3 cm wide, with sharp
spines 2–4 mm long. Cauline leaves few, lanceolate and smaller than the basal, diminishing insize, similarly pubescent to the basal, sessile, notamplexicaul. Flowers in late October to November. Capitula erect to oblique, 3–4 to numerous
in a loose corymb or solitary, long pedunculate;peduncles (1–)6–20 cm long, densely arachnoid;
subtending leaves several, narrowly elliptic andfoliaceous to lanceolate, 0.5–5 cm long, provided
with sharp spines 1–2 mm long. Involucres
cylindrical to narrowly cylindrical, slightly glutinous, 17–20 mm long, 5–12 mm (in vivo) andca. 20 mm (in sicco) in diameter, arachnoid.
Phyllaries 10–11-seriate, subcoriaceous, terminated with sharp spines ca. 1 mm long; innermost
phyllaries broadly linear, ca. 20 mm long, erect;
middle phyllaries lanceolate, ca. 1 cm long, ascending to recurved; outer phyllaries narrowly
ovate with strongly or gently recurved with caudate tips, 2–3 mm long, 1/5 shorter than the
inner ones; glandular bodies narrowly oblanceolate on the inner ones, narrowly lanceolate on the
middle ones, vestigial. Corollae pale pinkish violet, 18–20 mm long; lobes 3–5 mm long; throats
7–8 mm long; tubes 8–9 mm long, slightly
longer than the throats. Achenes brownish gray,ca. 4 mm long, ribbed, finely striate, tapered tothe base; pappi sordid, 10–16 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n 2x34.
Distribution: Central Honshu (Mie Pref.;Fig. 7). Endemic.
Japanese name: Taki-azami (nom. nov.).
Additional specimens examined: JAPAN:
HONSHU; Mie Pref., Taki-gun, Taki-cho, Ôka,Ekuni, 34°3034N 136°3517E alt. 20 m, 3
November 2007, Y. Kadota 078101–078105,
078107–078127 (TNS 768120 – 768133, 758135–
768151, 769315–769320). Tsu-shi (formerly
Ichishi-gun), Ichishi-cho, Iseki, October 2007, K.
Yoshida 07-01–07-03 (TNS 768152–768154).
The specific epithet “yoshidae is dedicated to
Dr. Kuniji Yoshida, the discoverer of this new

Fig. 7.

39

Distribution of Cirsium yoshidae Kadota.

species.
Cirsium yoshidae is similar to C. grandirosuliferum Kadota in having rosulate, basal leaves
at anthesis, erect heads, cylindrical to narrowly
cylindrical involucres and the chromosome
number of 2n 2x34. However, C. yoshidae isclearly distinguished from C. grandirosuliferumby the mode of stem branching (branched below
the middle of stem with elongated branches vs.
branched above the middle part of stem with lesselongated branches), the number of involucral
phyllaries (10–11-seriate vs. 13–14-seriate), thenumber of subtending leaves (several to none orfew), the size of florets (18–20 mm long vs.
14–18 mm long), the shape and direction of
involucral phyllaries (narrowly ovate and ascending to recurved vs. ovate and appressed), theshape and state of glandular bodies (oblanceolate
to lanceolate but almost vestigial vs. oblanceolate
to elliptic and well developed). Cirsium
grandirosuliferum is distributed in Gifu andNagano Prefectures, central Honshu (Kadota,
1995, Fig. 2), and grows in marshlands. However, C. yoshidae never grows in wet grounds.
Cirsium yoshidae is distributed only in Mie
Prefecture, Honshu, central Japan (Fig. 7). This
thistle grows in grasslands together with Osmun-

40

Yuichi Kadota

da japonica, Athyrium niponicum, Clematis
terniflora, Rubus illecebrosus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Adenophora triphylla var. japonica,
Artemisia indica var. maximowiczii, Aster yomena, Eupatorium makinoi and so on. Such a typeof vegetation is quite common in this area andthere is no novelty in the vegetation type. Geologically the area is covered with sediment fromthe Quaternary. It is therefore unknown why C.
yoshidae is restricted to the narrow area in Mie
Prefecture.
Acknowledgement
I wish to give my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. T.
Nishikawa for his counting the chromosome
numbers of Cirsium ito-kojianum and C. yoshidae and his guidance to the Kushiro and Akkeshi
area, Hokkaido; to Mr. S. Umezawa for his presenting herbarium specimens and photographs of
C. ito-kojianum; to Dr. K. Yoshida for his guidance to the localities of C. yoshidae and presenting herbarium specimens of this species.
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