5第章

思考力を鍛えよう！

受動態

思考力 を 鍛えよう!

読解問題

関連・手順・因果 / 因果分類

比較関連

矛盾配列

置換

手順

因果具体

抽象構造

定義

5分

ある事柄のやり方を説明する際に，無駄なく，不足なく，合理的な手順を示すことが望まれます。例えばカレーの作り方が書かれているパッケージを思い出してみてください。説明通りに作れば，ふつうだれでもうまくできるはずです。 今回は料理の手順を通して，いろいろな組み合わせの中から最も適当な手順を導いてみましょう。

次は，ある日本の料理のレシピ〔料理法〕です。正しい手順となるようにア〜クのカードを並べかえ，その順を記号で答えなさい。また，完成した日本料理は何かを日本語で答えなさい。ア〜ウは下の手順にある順番とします。
アTake a bowl and add and mix some mirin, dashi, sake and sugar to make a sauce.

イ

Put sliced beef onto another plate. Again, ＊arrange the meat ＊neatly on the plate.

ウ

Eating with a lightly ＊scrambled raw egg is recommended.

エ

Cut vegetables: ＊leeks, tofu, shiitake, ＊garland chrysanthemum, into smaller pieces.

オ

Pick up the cooked meat and the vegetables and put them into a small bowl.

カ

Put these vegetables onto a large plate. Make sure you arrange them neatly on the plate.

キ

Heat an ＊iron pan. Put some beef ＊fat at the bottom of the pan.

ク

Add a few slices of meat and some vegetables to the pan. Add the sauce. Heatfor a few minutes.

〔注〕 arrange：並べる

neatly：きちんと

garland chrysanthemum：春菊

手順：ア→
〔

料理名：（scramble：かき混ぜる
てつなべ

iron pan：鉄鍋〕→〔leek：ネギ

fat：脂身〕
→イ→〔〕
→〔〕
→〔〕
→ウ）

18

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読解問題２15分/10

次の英文を読んで，あとの問いに答えなさい。
＊Cryptocurrency is a kind of online ＊currency that uses digital ＊algorithms to makeinformation ＊secure. Cryptocurrency uses ＊blockchain technology and is not based justin one bank or even one country.

This ＊complicated chain of information is almostimpossible to steal or ＊cheat.
The first cryptocurrency was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto（this is thought to be a5

fake name）in 2008. Since then, thousands of cryptocurrencies have been created.
Users say there are a number of advantages to cryptocurrencies over traditional
money.

First, there isrisk than putting money in a bank because banks can＊collapse and money can be lost. It is also faster, safer, and cheaper to send money

10

because third parties such as credit card companies are not used.

The value of the＊currency may also go up, so you can make a profit.
However, there are several serious problems with cryptocurrencies.

Many

＊

governments don’t accept them, and few shops allow transactions with them. They canbe ＊unstable and even collapse, and if passwords are lost, it is almost impossible to15

access your ＊funds. Transactions can also be hidden, so cryptocurrencies are often usedby ＊criminals. And finally, there is an environmental impact. Users can create new
cryptocurrencies in a process known as ＊mining. This process uses a ＊vast amount ofcomputing power, and an ＊enormous ＊volume of electricity is ＊consumed. For example,in 2022, worldwide mining of the most popular cryptocurrency consumed as much

20

electricity as a medium-sized country.
＊

Despite the ＊disadvantages, cryptocurrency remains popular. The next decade will

be an important time for cryptocurrencies to prove their value and become more widelyaccepted.
〔注〕 cryptocurrency：仮想通貨，暗号資産

currency：通貨

algorithm：アルゴリズム

secure：（情報の）機密がしっかりした，安全な

blockchain technology：ブロックチェーン技術

complicated：複雑な

collapse：破綻する

transaction：取引

cheat：だまし取る
unstable：不安定なは たん

profit：利益

funds：資金

criminal：犯罪者

enormous：ばく大なvolume：量mining：マイニング

vast：膨大な

consume：消費する

despite：〜にもかかわらず

disadvantage：不利な点

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⑴に最も適するものをア〜エから 1 つ選び，記号で答えなさい。
アfewerイ larger

ウ less（ 1 点）エ more〔〕（原因）に対する Effect（結果）が正しいものを 1 つ選び，記号で答え
次のア〜エのうち，Cause⑵なさい。 因果ア〔〕 （ 3 点）

Cause：Cryptocurrency uses blockchain technology and the currency is almost
impossible to be stolen or cheated.
Effect： Thousands of cryptocurrencies have been created.

イCause：We can use cryptocurrencies directly without using any third parties.
Effect： Cryptocurrencies make transactions faster, safer, and cheaper thantraditional money.

ウ

Cause：Cryptocurrencies can be used to make a profit by some people.
Effect： Cryptocurrencies are not accepted by many governments.

エCause：Users make an environmental impact to create new cryptocurrencies in aprocess called mining.
Effect： Users consume an enormous volume of electricity in the process of mining.

⑶

本文の内容と合うものには○，合わないものには×を書きなさい。
ⓐ（ 1 点× 3 ）The real name of the person who invented the first cryptocurrency is a mystery.
〔ⓑPasswords are not necessary for using cryptocurrencies because blockchain
technology is used instead.

ⓒ⑷〕Hidden transactions prevent criminals from accessing cryptocurrencies.

〔〕〔〕

次の問いに対して，あなた自身の立場で英語で答えなさい。ただし，①には Yes または No を，②にはその理由を書きなさい。

（完答 3 点）Do you want to use cryptocurrencies?
①. That’s because ②.

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14 否定表現

第思考力を鍛えよう！

章

思考力 を 鍛えよう!

分類

読解問題

関連・配列・具体・構造 / 分類・因果比較

関連矛盾配列置換手順因果具体

抽象構造定義5分

日常生活の中で，言葉での説明と図示された情報を合わせることはよくあります。
例えば目指す建物の特徴と，地図上でのその位置を言葉で説明する，などです。このような経験から，特徴と場所を合わせて説明することは，思ったより難しい作業です。以下の問題を解くことで，複数の情報をまとめて図示し，正しく文章を読み取る練習をしてみましょう。

ⓐ〜ⓘの英文は， 8 人の生徒（Ryo, Koji, Shota, Masato, Yuta, Jiro, Hiro, Taku）について述べたものです。これを読んで，座席の②，⑥，⑧に座っている人物を，下のア〜クから 1 つずつ選び，記号で答えなさい。
ⓐBoth Masato and Hiro are sitting by the window.

ⓑ

Ryo and Masato sit next to each other and they are close friends. They are often
scolded by the teacher for talking.

ⓒThe student behind Ryo is from Osaka.

ⓓMasato, Ryo and Yuta are neither good at cooking nor good at English.

ⓔThe student using the same desk and sitting to the right of Koji is good at English,and he often helps Koji with his English homework.

ⓕ The two students from Osaka are Jiro and Shota, and they sit ＊across the aisle fromeach other.
ⓖ

Jiro often gets delicious dishes made by the student who uses the same desk.

ⓗShota sits behind a student who is good at cooking.

ⓘThere are two students from Tokyo, and they both sit in the second row.

〔注〕 across the aisle：通路をはさんで620001-0072_1_22_ENGLISH DISCOVER_3_本冊.indd

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Blackboard
Window
①②

③④

⑤

⑥

⑦⑧Door※ Two students sit at one desk.

ア

Ryoイ

Koji

ウ Shotaエ

Masatoオ

Yuta

カ

Jiro

キ Hiroク

Taku

② 〔〕

⑥ 〔〕

⑧ 〔〕

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読解問題１15分/10

次の英文を読んで，あとの問いに答えなさい。

Sport is ＊humanity’s unique way of bringing people from different backgrounds
together, and the most popular sports ＊draw millions of fans from across the planet.
However,A, bringing together new groups of people who may not have beeninterested in sport before.
Footgolf, as the name ＊suggests, is a combination of football, or soccer, and golf. Holes

5large enough for a soccer ball to enter are ＊positioned around a golf-style course. The＊

object is to kick the ball from the starting position into each hole with the ＊minimum

number of kicks. It is played in over 40 countries, and according to ＊one account thenumber of courses in the US has grown from 50 in 2013 to almost 600 in ten years. It
10

may not be long before a course appears near you.
The rules of golf have led to not only a game played withplayed withCB, but also a sport. Disc golf uses raised posts instead of holes, and players throw af lying disc towards these targets. Again, the goal（as in traditional golf）is to throw
fewer times than your opponent. Disc golf is said to have its ＊origin in Canada and a15

history of 100 years. The Professional Disc Golf Association（PDGA）has over 100,000
members across the world.
Of course, we cannot talk about new sports without mentioning pickleball, the fastest
growing family sport in the US. Using a large wooden paddle to hit a ball over a net,
pickleball is a combination of tennis, table tennis and badminton. Over 4 million people20

now play this game. It is said to have been invented by a family and their dog, Pickles.
The dog’s name is where the name pickleball comes from.
And finally, a game driven by a book and movie franchise. Quadball was originallyinspired by Quidditch, the ball game which appeared in the Harry Potter series. TheInternational Quadball Association has nearly 40 national ＊governing bodies as25

members ＊registered to play this sport, no longer found only in the pages of the Harry
Potter books. Mixing together dodgeball, rugby and ＊tag while the players are riding
broomsticks（no, they don’t actually f ly）, many ＊spectators attend the World Cup.

＊With sports now coming from the ＊realms of fantasy, what will be the next big thing
to ＊emerge from human imagination?
〔注〕 humanity：人類

object：目的

draw：引きつける
minimum：最小のgoverning body：運営団体
broomstick：ほうきの柄

suggest：連想させる
one account：一説

register：登録する
spectator：観客

position：配置する

origin：起源

tag：鬼ごっこ

realms：領域

emerge：出現する

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⑴A に最も適するものをア〜ウから 1 つ選び，記号で答えなさい。

（ 1 点）

アsome of these traditional sports are still played todayイ

many new sports are slowly growing in ＊popularityウ

new and traditional sports are competing for fans with each other〔〕〔注〕 popularity：人気

B ， C に入るものの組み合わせとして最も適するものをア〜エから 1 つ選び，記号で答え⑵なさい。

（ 1 点）

ア

B：groups

C：positions

イ B：ballsC：targets

ウ

B：feet

C：handsエC：opponents

B：players〔⑶〕

下線部が表している内容として最も適するものをア〜エから 1 つ選び，記号で答えなさい。
（ 1 点）ア

新しいスポーツであるピックルボールの魅力は，言葉では言い表せない。

イ

ピックルボールは，一般的には新しいスポーツと認められていない。

ウ

新しいスポーツについて語るなら，ピックルボールは欠かせない。

エピックルボールがアメリカで新しく考案されたのは言うまでもないことだ。

〔

本文より読み取れる new sports の情報を次の表にまとめた。表の⒜〜⒠に入るものを下のア〜⑷キから 1 つずつ選び，記号で答えなさい。 分類（ 1 点× 5 ）Sports

⒞

⒟

⒜

Need
No needNo need
Need

Need
Need
No needNeed（probably）（probably）⒝

Disc golf
Quadballア Footgolfイ Pickleball

ウ Courtオカキ 3Ball⒜ 〔⑸〕

2〕

⒝ 〔〕

⒞ 〔

Number of mixed sports
322（probably）⒠エ〕

Goal⒟ 〔〕⒠ 〔

本文の内容と合うものをア〜エからすべて選び，記号で答えなさい。

〕（完答 2 点）ア

Each of the four sports is a combination of some traditional sports.

イ

The number of disc golf courses increased by over ten times in a decade.

ウ

Pickleball players hit the ball with a long wooden broomstick.

エ

Quadball is different from the other sports in that it comes from a work of fiction.
〔〕

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