Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ
ఱࢥࡔȁ̻͙̈́
ȁĲĺĺĳ ාͅอນ̯̹ͦ Paul Auster ͈ै຦̜́ͥ Leviathan ͉ȄηΑΞςȜॽၛ̞̈́̽̀ͥͅȃ͉͂࡞̽̀͜ๆ૽ͬඅ೰̳ͥηΑΞςȜ͉̩́̈́Ȅๆ૽̶̷̦͈࣐̈́ևͅ‫̠̞̥͈̺͂ͭݞ‬෸ࠊͬྶ̥̳ͣͥͅඨ̧ٜ̜́ͥȃ஠ༀ‫ڎ‬౷́ুဇ͈੫૰ͬ෫ٟ̱̞̀ͥႲ௽บ෫ম࠯̦ๆ
૽͈ুบ̞̠͂ࠁ́ྃͬ‫̥̭̹̱ͣͧ͂ͧئ‬໤ࢊ͉ইͥ͘ȃ֚૽ઠ͈ࢊͤ਀̜́ͥ Peter Aaron
͉͂̽̀ͅȄๆ૽̦૶࿻͈ Benjamin Sachs ̜̭͉́ͥ͂ྶฒ̜̦́ͥȄFBI ͉͂̽̀ͅ஠̩͈
ඨ̜́ͥȃFBI ்͉௸ைऔͬ‫ٳ‬ই̱ȄPeter ͈̭͂ͧ͜ͅைऔ͈਀̦૝͍̩̀ͥȃ๞͉૶࿻͈୆
̧༷̦ȄFBI ̦ைऔ̳̻̈́ͩ “writing their own story”(8) ̞̠࣐͂և̳̭ͬͥ͂́Ȅ๞͈ͣ਀́
ȶਭ̩̦͛ͣͦ̀͠ȷഥ̢̭̦̞̠ͣͦͥ͂̈́͢ͅȄƣ ུ൚͈໤ࢊ Ƥ ܱ̳̭ͬ͂ͬࠨփ̱Ȅ̷̦ͦ Leviathan ͂࡞̠઀୰̹̞̠̈́̽͂ͅࠁ৆̞͈̜ͬ͂̽̀ͥ́ͥȃ̷͉̹ͦ͘ Auster ̦ȨThestoryteller is a part of the story, even though he never uses the wordȨI.ȩ(The Art of Hunger ո‫ ئ‬AH ͂
ၞ̳ , 317) ͂੆͓̞̠̀ͥ͢ͅȄPeter ͉ Sachs ͈໤ࢊͬཚ̪ౙ̈́ͥࢊͤ਀͉̩́̈́Ȅ๞ু૸͈໤ࢊ͜ཚ̞̞̩̭́͂͜փྙ̱̞̀ͥȃȁAuster ͜ “Mystery novels always give answers; my work is about asking questions.”ȁ(AH310) ͂ࢊ̞̠̽̀ͥ͢ͅ೒ુ͈ηΑΞςȜ͉͂։̈́ͤȄ๞͈ New York Trilogy ͬই̳͛͂ͥηΑΞςȜॽၛ͈̀઀୰͉ͅȄຈ̴̱͜ඨ̧ٜ͈ࠫ‫̦ض‬া̯̞̞̭̦ͦ̀̈́͂ఉ̞ȃ̷͉ͦȄඋ৪ͅհօ
̈́ࠫྎ͂ඨ̧ٜ͈‫ͬ௷ྖࡨু͍͞ܔ‬ဓ̢ͥͤ͢͜Ȅඨ̥̠࢜ͅίυΓΑ࣐͞և̷͈͈ͬ͜ਹণ
̱̞̹̜̠̀ͥ͛́ͧȃLeviathan ͉֚́؊บ෫ๆ̦౗̜́ͤȄ͈̠̓̈́͢࿒എ̷͈̠́̈́͢
࣐ևͅ‫̦̞̯̥ͥ̀ͦྶ̦̥̺ͭݞ‬Ȅ̷͈̠̈́͢ FBI എ̈́ࠫྎ͉ਹါ͉̩́̈́Ȅ૽‫͈ۼ‬୆̧အͅઙത̦൚̧̞̩̀ͣͦ̀͂Ȅඨ͉̳̳͘͘૬̞̩͈̜̽̀́ͥ͘ȃ̷̷̱͈̀ಎ́ࡎ͂̈́ͥ
͈͉အș̈́ΣνͺϋΑͬఝ͍̀ઁ̴̱̾փྙͬ་̢̦̈́ͣഴા̳ͥুဇ͈‫ٽ‬ැ̜́ͥȃȁPeter Auster ͉໤ࢊͬࢊ̭̞ͥ͂̾̀ͅȄThe Art of Hunger ͈̥̈́́Ȅ“At its best, detective¿FWLRQFDQEHRQHRIWKHSXUHVWDQGPRVWHQJDJLQJIRUPVRIVWRU\WHOOLQJ´  ͂ηΑΞςȜ઀୰̦̽͂͜͜੗ଘ̈́ࢊ͈ͤࠁ৆̜́ͥ͂঵̻ષ̬̹ષ́Ȅ̯ͣͅ๞͈ै຦ͅఱ̧̈́‫ͬޣג‬ဓ̢̹͈͉ȄΈςθൺდ͞୷࿡֚࿡໤ࢊ̨͈̠̤̈́͂͢დ̜́ͤĘ̤̏͂დ͉Ȅ“it’s the reader –or thelistener–who actually tells the story to himself” (A H311) ̜̠͂ͥ͢ͅȄ໤ࢊͬ৘षͅࢊ͈͉ͥै
৪̜͈͉̩́ͥ́̈́Ȅඋ৪ু૸̜́ͥ͂੆͓̞̀ͥȃȁLeviathan ͉ηΑΞςȜ઀୰͈ࠁ৆ͬ͂ͤȄPeter ̞̠͂ࢊͤ਀ͬဥփ̱̀ Sachs ͈໤ࢊͬࢊͣ
̵̞̦̀ͥȄPeter ͜໤ࢊ͈֚໐̜́ͤȄᵍ୳಺͈໲ఘ́ΑΠȜςȜ̦ૺ࣐̳࡛ͥయ̨͈̤͂

− 215 −

ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါდ͂͜࡞̢̭͈ͥै຦́Ȅ૯ͅ໤ࢊͬඋ̧͙ٜࢊ࣐ͥև͉උ৪ͅտ͇̞ͣͦ̀ͥȃै຦ུ͈ৗ
ͅท̭͈࣐ͥևͬտ͇̹ͣͦඋ৪͈֚૽̱͂̀Ḙ͈̏ै຦͈ಎ́ໝॠ̈́փྙͬఝ͍̀߫ͤ༐̱
ഴા̳ͥুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅඋ̧͙ٜ̞̞̹̞̀͂এ̠ȃুဇ͉ȄThe Statue of Liberty ࣭͞‫ز‬͈͂‫͈ͤͩ۾‬ಎ́੆͓̭̦ͣͦͥ͂ఉ̞͈́Ḙ͈̏ ĳ ̾ͬࡎ̱͂̀ࡉ̧̞̹̞̀ȃŊȁThe Statue of Liberty ̪ͬ͛ͥুဇ
ȁ̭͈ै຦͈৽૽࢖̜́ͥ Benjamin Sachs ͉Ȅडࢃ͉ͅ஠ༀ‫ڎ‬౷̜ͥͅুဇ͈੫૰௨ͬ෫ٟ̱
̀ٝͥΞυςΑΠ̹̦̈́̽ͅȄ̷͈ఈ͜ͅḘ͈̏ै຦ಎ͉ͅအș̈́ࠁ́Ȅুဇ͈੫૰̷͈͈͜
̷ͦ͞ͅ‫͈߸۾‬૬̞૽ș͈ொდ̦̻̞ͤ͊͛ͣͦ̀ͥȃ̭̭͉́ুဇ͈੫૰̦঵̾အș̈́௰࿂̥ͣȄুဇ͈͂‫̞̀̾ͤͩͅ۾‬ౝ͙̹̞̽̀ȃA

Mother of ExilesȁPaul Auster ͉Ȅͺις΃൳শఉอΞυম࠯͈֚ාࢃ̜́ͥ ĳııĳ ා ĺ ࠮ͅ ĺ.ĲĲ Ξῦ New
York ͈ փ ྙ ͬ ࿚ ̠ ܱ ম ͈ ಎ ́ȄNew York ͅ ̾ ̞ ̀Ȅ“a living embodiment of what the UnitedStates is all about: diversity, tolerance and equality under the law” ͂੆͓ȄNew York ͬఉအ଻ȄۘယȄ༹͈‫͈ئ‬໹൝̞̠͂ͺις΃ͬߓ࡛̱̹͈͂͜೰̱̹݅ષ́Ȅুဇ͈੫૰̞̾̀ͅষ͈̠͢ͅ
࡞‫̞̱ͥ̀ݞ‬ȃ,EHOLHYHWKDWLGHDWRRNKROGLQXVZKHQ(PPD/D]DUXV VSRHPZDVDI¿[HGWRWKHSHGHVWDORIWKH
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principles of international republicanism, but ''The New Colossus'' reinvented the statue's purpose,
turning Liberty into a welcoming mother, a symbol of hope to the outcasts and downtrodden of theworld. (“The City and the Country” The New York Times, September 9, 2002）
The New Colossus ̳̻̈́ͩ The Statue of Liberty ͉Ȅୃ৆ྴઠ͉ଷै৪̜́ͥ Bartholdi ু૸̦੥̞̹੥໤͈ྴஜ̥ͣ The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World ̞̠̦͂Ȅࡓြ͉Ȅুဇ̹̞̳ͥͅ‫̞ͥ̀ͦ͊ࠫ́ۜވ‬έρϋΑ͂ͺις΃͈࿻ࢡ͂໹გ͈Ώϋδσ̜̹́̽ȃ̹͘ȄBartholdi ̦ȄΡρ·υχ͈ȸྦྷਤͬ൵̩੫૰ȹ͂༦͂ͬκΟσ̱̹̭̥͂ͣ͜ͅȄ༦૶͈યಭ͂̈́ͥ͜ȃȁ̭̭́ুဇ͈੫૰͈రज̹࣫ͦ͘ͅথ̱͂̀ྴ̞ࣞȄEmma Lazarus ͈ “The New Colossus”(1883) ͬત̱̹̞ٚȃNot like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;+HUHDWRXUVHDZDVKHGVXQVHWJDWHVVKDOOVWDQG$PLJKW\ZRPDQZLWKDWRUFKZKRVHÀDPH− 216 −

Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
0RWKHURI([LOHV)URPKHUEHDFRQKDQG*ORZVZRUOGZLGHZHOFRPHKHUPLOGH\HVFRPPDQG
7KHDLUEULGJHGKDUERUWKDWWZLQFLWLHVIUDPH
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
6HQGWKHVHWKHKRPHOHVVWHPSHVWWRVVHGWRPH
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"ȁ “The New Colossus” ͙̥̠ͬͦ͊ͩͥ͢ͅḘ̭͉̏ͅέρϋΑ͂ͺις΃͈࿻ࢡ͉֚୨ᭈͩ
̴̤ͦ̀ͣȄయͩͤͅা̯̞͈͉ͦ̀ͥȄଲ‫ٮ‬ಎ̥ͣুဇͬ‫̧̹̀̽̀͛͞ݥ‬ຫ̱̞֊ྦྷోͅ
਀ͬओ̱૝͓Ȅͺις΃͈ؕ߄͈࿝͈ཌྷͣͅၛ̻Ȅ๞ͣͅૺ̧͚͓ൽͬચ̳̹̹̞ͣ͛̾͘ͅ
ͬ਀̱̹ͅȄ0RWKHURI([LOHV ͈ှ̱̞͜উ̜́ͥȃ̷̱̀ࢵͅ Auster ͜ঐഊ̱̞̠̀ͥ͢ͅర
जͅ Emma Lazarus ͈থ̦̭࣫ͦͥ͂̽̀͘͢ͅ ƣ ੫૰͉֊ྦྷోͬ‫̳ͥࠞۥ‬༦ͅȄଲ‫ٮ‬ಎ͈೏༶̯̹ͦ૽ș͞‫૽̹̬ͦͣݘ‬ș͈‫ܛ‬བ͈યಭͅ་‫ ̹̱ا‬Ƥ ͈̺ȃȁLeviathan ͈ಎ́͜৽૽࢖͈ Sachs ͉Ȅ຿༷͉൐؎ࠏξΘμ૽́Ȅ༦༷͉ͺͼσρϋΡࠏ́΃
ΠςΛ·‫ޗ‬ര̺̦ȄƣĲĹĵı ාయ͈̲̦̞ܶ͜͝ᵈ͂ ĲĹĹı ාయ͈εΈυθ̞̠͂बඳ̦ͺις΃͒͂൵̞̹ Ƥ ͂੆͓̞̀ͥȃུ࣭͈́ܶᵈ͞ท‫ͬٺ‬൪ͦ̀ͺις΃ͅള̹̽֊ྦྷ͈௳ঊ̜́
ͥ Sachs ͈‫ু͜ͅ܉‬ဇ͈੫૰͉Ȅଲ‫ٮ‬ಎ̥ͣຫ̱̩‫̢̩̥ࠞأͬྦྷ֊̹̬ͦͣݘ‬වͦুဇͬ༗
વ̳ͥ 0RWKHURI([LOHV ͈Ώϋδσ̱͂̀‫̜ͥ́ͥד‬ȃB

The Statue of Liberty ̪ͬ͛ͥඵ૽͈ξΘμ૽ȁ࡛ह͉̭̯́͂ͣξΘμࠏै‫ྴ̠̞͂ز‬ઠͬັ๊̳̭͉֚͂എ͉̞̦́̈́ Paul Auster ͉Ȅ৽૽࢖͈ Benjamin Sachs ̷̦̠̜̠́ͥ͢ͅξΘμࠏ̜́ͥȃLeviathan ͈ಎ͜ͅুဇ͈੫૰͂‫۾‬͈ͩͤ૬̞ȄJoseph Pulitzer ͂ Emma Lazarus ̞̠͂ඵ૽͈ξΘμ૽̞̾̀ͅ࡞‫̜̦ͥݞ‬ȃ
1 Joseph PulitzerȪ1847-1911ȫȁThe Statue of Liberty ͉Ȅͺις΃͂έρϋΑ͈͂‫͈ۼ‬࿻ࢡȆ໹გ͈Ώϋδσ̱͂̀Ȅͺις΃͈ඊၛ Ĳıı ਔාͬਿ̞έρϋΑ͈ Edouard De Laboulaye ̦‫ܙ‬௭ͬ೹մ̱ȄĲĹĸĵ ාͅ )UHGHULF
Auguste Bartholdi ͅଷैͬջှ̱Ȅ‫ޘ‬ၴܿ঍͈ $OH[DQGUH*XVWDYH(LIIHO ̦ࣸ‫ͬڒ‬හ̯̹ͦȃఉ‫ڣ‬͈࠺௮๯ͬვ̴̧̠̭̦͂́Ȅ঩߄͈࡭‫ͬڱ‬༞̠̹͛ͅࢩ̩ఱਤ̥ͣ঩߄ͬਬ̹͛ͥ͛ͅȄີᢤ̦อค̯̹ͦȃĲĹĹĵ ා ĸ ࠮ ĵ ඾ȄέρϋΆ଼̯̹ۖͦুဇ͈੫૰௨̦ͺις΃͈஠ࡀఱ− 217 −

ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါঀͅ࢖৆ࡃ೮̯̭ͦͥ͂ͧ́͘௒̨̫̾ͥȃ̭̦͂ͧ਋̫වͦ௰͈ͺις΃͉́ȄĲĹĹĴ ාͅβΡυȜോȪĸı ාࢃͅςΨΞͻോ͂٨ྴȫ́రज͈‫ܖ‬யࢥম̦ই͉̱̞̹̦ͤ̀͘Ȅ঩߄͂෎փະ௷͈̹͛ͅಁಁ̱͂̀ࢥম͉ૺ̥̹̥̥̈́̽͊ͤ͘ಎ౯̯̱̠ͦ̀͘ȃȁరज଼͈ۖͬ঩߄࿂́‫̩͓̠ݣ‬ഴા̱̹͈̦Ȅ൚শ̺͘ྫྴ̜̹́̽ Joseph Pulitzer ̜̹́̽ȃ๞͉Χϋ΄ςȜࠏξΘμ૽͈֊ྦྷ́Ȅͺις΃͉ͅ ĲĹķĵ ා̽̀͞ͅြ̹ȃཤ߳໶আ͞ηΒȜςਗ݈֥ͬࠐ̀૧໳ު‫̱੄ૺͅٮ‬Ȅಎୌ໐͈૧໳ͬষșͅฃਓ̱̀३‫ͅئ‬ਓ͛ȄĲĹĹĴ ා͉ͅ the World ͬฃਓ̱̀ΣνȜπȜ·ͅૺ੄̱̞̹̀ȃ૧໳͈คͤષ̬ͬ૝̳̹͊͛ͅȄ̱̞ࠣ์ค‫އ‬௔ͬ߫ͤࢩ̬Ȅ੫૰͈రज࠺୭͈̹͈͛ Ĳı ྔΡσ‫΅߄ܖ‬λϋβȜϋͬജ‫̱ٳ‬Ȅ̷ͦͬอ࣐໐ତ͈௩ఱͅ၌ဥ̳ͥै୽ͅ੄̹ȃີဉ௄̥͈ͣ‫͈̹̥́̽̈́͘ૺ̥̥̦̈́̈́ັܙ‬ȄέρϋΆີᢤ̞̠͂ࠁ๊֚́ఱਤ̥̤ͣ߄ͬਬ͛ͥࠁ଼̦̱̹͈ࢗͬΪϋΠͅȄ̴̢̹͂ͩ
̥̈́‫̹̱ૺܙ́͜ڣ‬৪͉̳͓̀૧໳ঞષͅྴஜͬश̵ͥ΅λϋβȜϋͬ߫ͤࢩ̬ͥȃ̭ͦͅచ̱̀අͅঊ‫̦̻̹ރ‬؊༡̱Ȅquarter (25 ΓϋΠޮ ) ͬಎ૤̳͂ͥ‫̦ັܙ‬ਬ̹̽͘ȃ๞͉Ȅ൚੝͈̩͙ͧ͜೒ͤอ࣐໐ତͬఱ໙ͅ૝̱͊Ȅరज͈࠺୭๯ဥ͈̳͓̀ͬვ̠͉ͅ೾‫̵̞͢ͅ׿‬Ȅ̥͈̈́ͤ‫ͬڣ‬ਬ̧̭̦̹͛ͥ͂́ȃȁPulitzer ͂੫૰௨͈‫̧͂ͥࡉͬ߸۾‬ȄĲĹĹĴ ා̞̠͂ාͅठഽಕ࿒̱͙̹̞̀ȃ̭͈ා͉βΡυȜോ́੫૰௨͈రज͈‫ܖ‬யࢥম̦ই̹̽͘ා̜́ͤȄ๞̦ the World ͬฃਓ̱̀ΣνȜπȜ·ͅૺ੄̱Ȅ૧໳ު‫́ٮ‬౷༜ͬࡥ̜͛̾̾ͤȄ̯ͣ̈́ͥ๲࿬ͬ࿒ა̞̹ͭ́শ‫̜ͥ́ܢ‬ȃ̹̭͈͘ාȄBartholdi ̦ুဇ͈੫૰͈రजͬै଼̳̹ͥ͛ͅͺις΃௰࣐̹́̽঩߄ਬ͛ͅ‫ފ‬ႁ̳̹ͥ͛ͅ Emma Lazarus ̦Ȅ“The New Colossus” というথͬ੥̞̹ා̜́ͥ͜ȃPulitzer ু૸̦֊ྦྷ̜̹̭̥́̽͂ͣȄ0RWKHURI([LOH ͉֊ྦྷ̜́ͥ๞ͬ‫̩̥أ‬਋̫වͦȄ๞ͅͺις΃͈ྪ͈৘࡛̞̠͂‫ܛ‬བ͈൘‫̩̬ͥͦ̀ࠇͬغ‬ంह̜̹́̽ȃ̹͘Ȅరज͈঩߄ਬ͛΅λϋβȜῧ̞̠ࠁ́Ȅ๞͉૧໳̱͈ؐ͂̀౷պͬಃ̧ષ̬̞̹͈̜̥̀̽́ͥͣȄ੫૰௨͉๞଼ࢗͬ͜ͅ
̹̱̩̹ͣ̀ͦ͂࡞ً̽̀͜࡞͉̞́̈́ȃȁ̹͘ Pulitzer ͬၗͦ̀ࣉ̢͙̹̀শȄ๊֚ఱਤ͈૆़̥ͣరज͈̥͈̈́ͤ໐໦̧̦̹̭́͂
͉ȄέρϋΑ͂ͺις΃̞̠࣭͂‫͈ۼز‬࿻ࢡ͈Ώϋδσ̞̠͂ͤ͢͜Ȅ֊ྦྷ͞ຫ̧̱৪Ȅ‫̬ݘ‬̹ͣͦ৪͈ྙ༷̱͈͂̀੫૰̞̠͂଻ৗ̦ࠁ଼̯̞̩ͦ̀ࠀ‫̢̠̞̹͂̽̈́͢͜ͅܥ‬ȃুဇ͈੫૰͉Ȅ̷̠̞̹̽ͺις΃๊͈֚ఱਤͅͺις΃͈ྪ̞̠͂‫ܛ‬བͬࠇ̬Ȅুဇͬ༗વ̳ͥం
ह̹͈̜͂̈́̽́ͥȃ

2 Emma LazarusȪ1849~1887ȫȁEmma Lazarus ͉Ȅ੫૰௨͈రज̹࣫ͦ͘ͅ “The New Colossus” ͈থ̽̀͢ͅȄুဇ͈੫૰ͬ
֊ྦྷͬ‫̢̩̥ࠞأ‬๞ͣͅ‫ܛ‬བͬဓ̢ͥ༦̱͂̀Ȅ֊ྦྷ͂ྟ୪͍̫̹ࠫ̾ͅথ૽̜́ͥȃ๞੫͉ȄSephardim ͂ࡤ͊ͦͥධ؎ࠏ͈ξΘμ૽̜̹́̽ȃ๞੫͈֚௼͉૒ྦྷ౷শయ̥ͣΣνȜπȜ·− 218 −

Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

ͅਯ͙Ȅ຿૶͉गൠ੸૽଼̱̱̤͂̀ࢗ̀ͤȄ๞੫ͅ‫ز‬ೳ‫ޗ‬঍ͬັ̫̀‫̞̱ͥ̀֗ޗ‬ȃ๞੫̦‫͉͈̺ͭڠ‬Ȅͺις΃͞πȜυΛΩ͈໲‫ࢊ࡞͞ڠ‬Ȅ૰დ‫ڠ‬Ȅ‫ڢإ‬൝̜̹́̽ȃĲĹķķ ාͅड੝͈থਬͬ੄ๅ்̳ͥ੃̈́থ૽̜̹̦́̽Ȅ੝‫ै͈ܢ‬຦͉ͅȄAdmetus and Other Poems (1871) ͅਓ̹͛ͣͦȄ“In the Jewish Synagogue at Newport” ͅξΘμ૽͈͒࡞‫̫̺́ͥͦͣࡉ̦ݞ‬Ȅ‫ུܖ‬എ͉ͅπȜυΛΩ໲‫͈ڠ‬ΞȜζ͞ΑΗͼσͬ൩ਥ̱ξΘμ૽փে͉͕͂ͭ̓ྫ̥̹̽ȃȁ̱̥̱ ĲĹĹı ාయͅවͤȄυΏͺ́ pogrom ͂ࡤ͊ͦͥξΘμ૽ͅచ̳ͥ‫ݘ‬फ़࣐և̦ອ้࣐ͅ
̠ͩͦͥ̈́ͤ͢ͅȄ̷ͦͬ൪̹ͦͥ͛ͅఉၾ͈ξΘμ૽̦ȄυΏͺ͞൐πȜυΛΩ̥ͣȄͺις΃ͬ࿒ঐ̱֊ྦྷ̱͂̀̽̀͞ြ̞̭̀ͥ͂ͬী̳ͥ͂ͅȄ๞੫͈ಎͅξΘμ૽̱͈͂̀փে
̦‫̱͈̹ٔ̀͂ͥ͜ࡥږ‬୆̢̞̩̭̀͂̈́ͥͅȃ̷̱̭͈̀শ‫͉ܢ‬๞੫̦ै‫̱͂̽̀͂͜͜ز‬ఉै́࿹̹ͦै຦ͬ੥̞̹শ‫͂͜ܢ‬ਹ͈̜̈́ͥ́ͥȃȁĲĹĹĳ ාͅ๞੫͉ȄSongs of a Semite: The Dance to Death and Other Poems ͬอນ̱̞̀ͥȃΗͼΠσͬࡉ̀͜ྶ̥̠ͣ̈́͢ͅḘ͈̏থਬ͉Γθࢊ௼̜́ͥξΘμ૽ͬ‫̩ޑ‬փে̱̹͈̜́͜
ͥȃ“The Dance to Death” ͉Ȅܻ৆फ़૽͈؄ྴ͂͂͜ͅࡣ̩̥ͣξΘμ૽ท‫͈ٺ‬ခႁ̈́आ‫͂ݶ‬̧̹̈́̽̀Ȅȶࣱঘພ̦ၠ࣐̹͈͉̽ξΘμ૽̦֔࡫ͅඉͬൎ̬ࣺ̺̥ͭͣȷ͂࡞̠̞ͩͦ̈́
̧࡞̞̦̥ͤͬΞȜζ̱̞̀ͥͅȃા࿂͉ ĲĴĵĺ ා͈βΑΠ͈ၠ࣐ͅቋ̪ΡͼΜ̜́ͤȄ಴͈କ࡙ͅඉͬව̹̥ͦͣഥஅພ̦྘‫̠̞̹̱͂װ‬؄ྴͬ಍̵̹ͣͦξΘμ૽ో̦ȄThuringia ਗ͈ Nordhausen ́‫ݘ‬फ़̯̹ͦ๟ࠠͬե̹͈̜̽́ͥ͜ȃȁ̹͘Ȅ“The Crowing of the Red Cock” ͉ͅȄpogrom ͬএ̵ͩͥ࢕ࠊ̦ຝ̥̞ͦ̀ͥȃAcross the Eastern sky has glowed
7KHÀLFNHURIDEORRGUHGGDZQOnce more the clarion cock has crowed,
Once more the sword of Christ is drawn.
A million burning rooftrees light
7KHZRUOGZLGHSDWKRI,VUDHO¶VÀLJKW̯ͣͅ๞੫͈ീ͈ͤྭ୶͉ȄՔͬ୰̧̦̈́ͣࡣြξΘμ૽ͅచ̱̀ท‫ͬٺ‬௽̧̫̹̀΅ςΑΠ‫ޗ‬ര̫࢜ͣͦͥͅȃ

When the long roll of Christian guilt
Against his sires and kin is known,
7KHÀRRGRIWHDUVWKHOLIHEORRGVSLOW
The agony of ages shown,− 219 −

ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ

What oceans can the stain remove,
From Christian law and Christian love?

ȁ̭͈̠͢ͅ๞੫͈ಎͅȄξΘμ૽ท‫̳̞̹ͥͅٺ‬ീͤ͂ξΘμ૽̱͈͂̀փে̦ٔ୆̢̾
̜̹̾̽ ĲĹĹĴ ාͅȄBartholdi ̦ুဇ͈੫૰͈రजͬै଼̳̹࣐̹ͥ͛̽ͅ঩߄ਬ͛ͅ‫ފ‬ႁ̳̹ͥ͛ͅȄ๞੫̦੥̞̹থ̦ȨThe New Colossusȩ͈̜̈́́ͥȃ̭͈থ͉ȨCatalogue of thePedestal Fund Art Loan E[hibition at the National Academy of Designȩ֣͜ͅक़̯ͦȄ൚শరज͈̹
͛ͅ঩߄̦ਬ̞̥̹̽̀̈́̽͘ે‫ͬޙ‬఑‫͈̹̳͛ͥٳ‬Ȅ࣭ྦྷփে͈ࣞလ͈࿒აࡉ͜ͅ၌ဥ̯ͦ
̹ȃুဇ͈੫૰͉ȄέρϋΑ௰̦੫૰௨ͬै଼̱Ȅ̷ͦͬ঑̢ͥరजͬͺις΃௰́ै̭ͥ͂
̽̀͢ͅȄၰ࣭͈‫ވ‬൳ैު͈ΣνͺϋΑͬࣞ͛ȄέρϋΑ͂ͺις΃͈͂࿻ࢡ͈Ώϋδσ̳͂ͥထ೰̜̹́̽ȃ̷̦ͦ ĲĺıĴ ාͅ Lazarus ͈থ̦రज̹̭࣫ͦ͂̽̀͘͢ͅȄ̞̞̹̾̈́́ङ
ͬ౯̻୨̹̥͈̽͊ͤ੫૰௨ֲ͈௷ֲ͞਀͈ΠȜΙͅা̯̞̤ͦ̀ͥ͂ͤȄ̳͓͈̀౮գ͞ဲ
գ̥͈ٜͣ༶̳͓͈͂̀૽‫ু͉ۼ‬ဇ́໹൝̜̭͈́ͥ͂Ώϋδσ͒͂་̹͈̜ͩ̽́ͥȃ‫̱ܗ‬̩͜Ȅ๞੫ু૸̭͈͜থ͈ै৪̱͂̀ࢃଲͅྴͬॼ̳̭͂̈́ͥͅȃȁոષȄPulitzer ͂ Lazarus ̞̠͂ඵ૽͈ξΘμ૽͉ȄThe Statue of Liberty ͬ೒̱̀౷պͬಃ̩
͂͂͜ͅȄ࣭‫͈ۼز‬࿻ࢡ͈Ώϋδσ̜̹́̽ The Statue of Liberty ͬȄྦྷਤ͈ুဇ͈Ώϋδσ͒͂་ယ̵̯͈ͥͅ਀ͬ఩̱̹͈̜́ͥȃC

The New ColossusȁThe New Colossus ͉ȄLeviathan ͈ story within story ̜́ͤȄBenjamin Sachs ̦੥̞̹࿷͈֚
ಿ༎઀୰̞̠͂୭೰̞̈́̽̀ͥͅȃSachs ͈໶࿨‫ܝ‬๰͈ࠐႤ͂઀୰̦ߺྩਫ਼́੥̧̥̹̞̯ͦ
̥̾ͣȄౙ੗ͅထே̯̠ͦͥ̈́͢αΠ΢θ୽௔͞Ⴤࣲͅ‫̹̱߸۾‬დ͉̞́̈́͂౯̹̽ષ́ȄĲĹĸķ ා̥ͣ ĺı ා͈́͘ͺις΃ͬໍర̳ͥͅႤঃ઀୰̜́ͤȄঃ৘ͅ‫̞̀̿ܖ‬੥̥̹ͦ͂ત
̯ٚͦͥȃഴા૽໤͈ఱ฼͉ȄWalt Whitman ͞ Sitting BullȄEllery ChanningȄSherman ੿̞߳͂̽
̹Ⴄঃષ৘ह̳ͥ૽໤̜́ͤȄ๞͈ͣంह̦ Auster ͈ఈ͈઀୰൳အȄΑΠȜςȜͅςͺςΞͻͬັဓ̱̞̀ͥȃ̷͈ఈ͉ Moby-Dick ͈ Ishmael ̞̹͂̽઀୰͈৽૽࢖̹̻́୸̞͛ͣͦ̀ͥȃȁ̭͈઀୰͈ΗͼΠσ͉ȄLazarus ͈ȨThe New Colossus ȩ̞̠͂থ͂൳̲ΗͼΠσ̜́ͤȄুဇ͈੫૰ͬঐ̱া̱̞̭͉̀ͥ͂࡞̠̞́̈́͘͜ȃ̷̺̫̩ͦ́̈́ഴા૽໤͈ಎ͉ͅȄEmma
LazarusȄPulitzerȄBartholdi ̞̹͂̽ুဇ͈੫૰̥͈ͤ͠૽໤̹̻͜‫̞ͥ̀ͦ͘܄‬ȃSherman ੿߳́͘ the American Committee on the Statue of liberty ̥ͣȄ੫૰௨͈୭౾ાਫ਼ͬȄ΄ό͹΢ȜΒോ̥βΡυȜോ (Liberty Island ͈‫ݰ‬ઠ ) ͈̻̳̥̓ͣͥͅࠨ೰̳̠ͥ͢ͅါ୏̯̹ͦ૽໤̱͂̀
ત̯̞ٚͦ̀ͥȃȁ̷͈ಎ́ȄLazarus ͂ Emerson ̞͈̾̀ͅ΀άΕȜΡͬάΛ·ͺΛί̱͙̹̞̀ȃ̴͘ঃ৘− 220 −

Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

ͬ۰ౙͅ੆͓ͥ͂ȄĲĹķķ ා ĲĹ प͈শͅ Poems and Translations: Between the Ages of Fourteen andSixteen ͬ੄ๅ̱̹͈ͬ‫ܥ‬ٛͅȄLazarus ͉ Emerson ̞ٛͅȄඵ૽͈໲೒͉ ĲĹĹĳ ාͅ Emerson ̦ঘ͆́͘௽̩ȃ๞੫͉ Emerson ͬ঍͂ަ̨ȄĲĹĸĲ ාͅ ĳ ै࿒ͬ੄ๅ̧̱̹͉͂ͅȄ̷ͦͬ๞༵̬̞̀ͥͅȃ̱̥̱ Emerson ͉๞੫͈থͬȄĲĹĸĵ ාͅ੄̱̹ Parnassus ̞̠͂ͺϋΕυΐȜͅਓ჏̱̥̹̹̈́̽͛Ȅ๞੫͉਀ঞ́ീͤͬഥ̢̞̀ͥȃࠫޫȄĲĹĸķ ාͅ Lazarus ̦΋ϋ΋ȜΡͅ Emerson ͬང͇̀გٜ̳ͥȃȁThe New Colossus ͉̭͈ͅ΀άΕȜΡ̦େࣺ̞ͤͦ̀ͥ͘ȃ̷̭͉́ Lazarus ̦΋ϋ΋ȜΡ͈
Emerson അͬང࿚̱Ḙ̷̏́੄̹ٛ̽ Ellery Channing ͅ Thoreau ̥͈ͤ͠ Walden Pond ͅմඤ̯ͦͥȃඵ૽͈࿻ࢡ̷͉͈ࢃ͜௽̩̦Ȅडࢃͅ੄̹ٛ̽শͅȄ๞͉ Lazarus ͅ Thoreau ͈εΉΛΠ΋ϋΩΑͬ௭ͥȃࡓြ͉ Thoreau ̦ιȜϋਗ͈૩͈ಎͅ໦̫ව̹̽শͅൽͬࡉ̫̾ͥൽߓ́
̜̹̽΋ϋΩΑ̺̦Ȅ͉͜͞ Thoreau ͉ଲͬ‫ͤݲ‬Ȅঐૻͬা̱̩̀ͦͥ૽̦̞̞̈́ࣽḘ͈̏փྙͬै৪͉Ȅ“America has lost its way. Thoreau was the one man who could read the compass for us,
and now that he is gone, we have no hope of ¿nding ourselves again.”(43) ͂Ȅ૽ș̦ুࡨͬࡉ৐̞༷
࢜଻ͬ৐̹̽ͺις΃͈࡛ેͬౚ̩͈ٜ͂͜৷̱̞̀ͥȃै৪̦̭͈ે‫઀ͬޙ‬୰͈ໍర̜́ͥȄĲĺĹı ාయͅਹ͇̀੆͓̞̭͉̀ͥ͂࡞̠̞̭̜̠́̈́͂́ͧ͘͜ȃĲĺ ଲ‫͈ܮ‬੫ၠথ૽͈΀άΕȜΡ̭͂ͅ‫̵̀ܙ‬Ȅ΋ϋΩΑ͈̞̈́͘͘‫༷͂͒࢜̈́ࡏܓ‬൲̧̜̾̾ͥͺις΃̹̞̳ͥͅ๡
฻͂࠙઴̦া̯̞͈̜ͦ̀ͥ́ͥȃȁࢵͅਹါ̭͉̈́͂ȄThe New Colossus ̦Ⴤࣲ͈ಎ́੥̧ই̹͛ͣͦ઀୰̜̞̠́ͥ͂ത̜́
ͥȃ๞͉Ȅઉਬ̧̯̹ͦ͂ͅවబͬ‫̺ͭݵ‬ȃȶQuaker ͞ SeventhDay Adventist ̥̹̹́̈́̽͛ȷ
ͅၻ૤എ໶࿨‫ݵ‬๛͜෇̥̹͛ͣͦ̈́̽ȃȨ . . . the fact is I’m not opposed to all wars. Only to thatwar.” (22) ͂ࢊ̞̠̽̀ͥ͢ͅ๞̦‫ݵ‬๛̱̹͈͉Ȅķı ාͅই̹̽͘αΠ΢θ୽௔̜́ͥȃఉ̩͈৹৪̦Ȅ΃΢Θ͞πȜυΛῼ൪ཌ̳ͥಎ́Ȅ๞͉ȄȨI didn’t want to run away. I felt I had a
responsibility to stand up and tell them what I thought.”(22) ͂࡞̽̀൪ཌ̳̭̩ͥ͂̈́ু໦͈࣐൲
͈ୣහͬ͂ͥൽͬ஖͍Ȅ̷͈ࠫ‫ض‬Ȅఫ༛̯ͦ̀Ⴤࣲ͒වͦͣͦḘ̷̏́઀୰ͬ੥̧ই̹͛ȃুဇͬ৿̹ͥ͛ͅুဇͬญ్̯ͦͥჄࣲ͒ව̞̠ͦͣͦͥ͂๧ර̈́ࠫ‫̜͈̹ͥ́̽̈́ͅض‬ȃȁ̱̥̱Ḙ͈̏Ⴤࣲ̞̠͂௵ป͈ड̹͈ͥ͂͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥଲ‫͈ٮ‬ಎ̜̽̀ͅ๞͉͚̱ͧȄ“You’d be surprised how much freedom that gives you.”(22) “The boundaries of my world
had shrunk, but I was still alive, and as long as I could go on breathing and thinking mythoughts, what difference did it make where I was?”(23) ͂ࢊ̞̠̽̀ͥ͢ͅȄୈ૰എুဇ
ͬᭈ‫̦̱ͣ̈́ظ‬ȄThe New Colossus ͬ੥̧ই̹͛ȃ൚শ๞͉ ĳĴ प̜̹̦́̽Ȅ̷͈ࢃ Ķ ාͬ๯̱̀͞ȄĸȄĹ ٝ੥̧ೄ̱̦̈́ͣȄĵĴķ βȜΐ͈ఱैͬ੥̧ષ̬̹͈̜́ͥȃȁThe New Colossus ͉Ȅ৽૽࢖͈ Sachs ̦αΠ΢θ୽௔ͅ฽చ̱̹̹͛ͅȄThoreau ̷̦̠̜́̽
̹̠͢ͅȄჄࣲͅව̹ͦͣͦশͅ੥̧ই̹͛ͣͦ໤ࢊ̜́ͥȃSachs ͉ুဇͬ৿̹ͥ͛ͅൎࣲ

− 221 −

ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ̯ͦȄ೒ુ͉́ুဇͬญ్̯̹ͦ͂ࣉ̢۪ͣͦͥ‫͈ޏ‬ಎ́Ȅুဇ͈੫૰̦ࠇ̬ͥઐྶ͈̠͢ͅ
ুဇͬດᖬ̱৿ͤ௽̫̹͈̜́ͥȃDȁুဇ͈‫̯̱ͧޔ‬ȁSachs ͉Ȅ໶࿨ͅਖ̥̞̈́ুဇͬ৿̹ͥ͛ͅჄࣲͅවͤȄ̹͘Ⴤࣲ͈ಎ́ুဇͬȶᭈ‫ظ‬ȷ̱̹͈͉͂ၔໜͅȄুဇ͈‫̯̱ͧ͜ޔ‬೑̱̞ۜ̀ͥȃLeviathan ͈ಎ́Ȅۜ৫ऱ͈ΩȜΞͻ͈୬ͅȄĲĺĶĲ ාͅ Sachs ̦༦̹̻͂ুဇ͈੫૰ͬࡉ࣐̹̽ͅশ͈̭̦͂დఴͅષͥȃȁ̴͘ Sachs ૶ঊ͉໚௡͈̭͂́చၛ̳ͥȃSachs ͈༦͉Ȅ“Visiting the Statue of Liberty isn’t likeplaying in the backyard, . . . It's the symbol of our country, and we have to show it the proper respect.”(37)͂Ȅুဇ͈੫૰͉ͺις΃͈Ώϋδσ̜́ͤȄࠉփͬ໡̫̞̫̞͈̺̥ͩ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣȨ̷࣐͈̏͢฼Βδϋͅฒ̞ΧͼΕΛ·Ά࣐̥̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͂࿵̳ȃ༷֚ Sachs ͉ȨThere wewere, about to pay homage to the concept of freedom, and I myself was in chains. I lived in an absolutedictatorship, and as long as I could remember my rights had been trampled underfoot.”(37) ̞̠͂࡞ဩ
̜̠ͥ͜͢ͅͅȄুဇ͈‫ٽ‬ැͅࠉփͬນ̱࣐̩̹͛ͅͅङ̦̲̦̞́ͭͣ͛̈́̽̀ͥͅેఠͬ
๧ර̲̞̹ۜ̀ͅȃুဇ͈੫૰͈௷‫͉ͅئ‬̧ٜ༶̹̹̥͈ͦ͊ͤङ̦̺͘୆ș̱̩ॼ̞̽̀ͥ
͈ͅȄSachs ͬ௵ป̧̱̹̀ङ͉̺ٜ̥̞̥̹͈̜ͦ̀̈́̽́ͥ͘ȃȁ̭ͦͅచ̱̀ Sachs ͉Ȅুͣͅ‫̵̹ͦͣش‬ङͬ‫̳ٸ‬ശͅ੄ͥȃୃ௡͉̩́̈́ȄT ΏλΜͅΟΣθͅΑΣȜ΃Ȝ࣐̩̭́͂ͬ৽ಫ̱Ȅ̱֚͜੣࣐̩ͅ Mrs. Saperstein ͈ঊ‫̦̻̹ރ‬Ȅ൳အͅρέ̈́‫̹̞̱ͣ̀ͬࢡڒ‬Ȅࣽࢃ͉ুဇͅ‫ͬة‬಍̀͜ၻ̞‫̠ͣͬ͜خݺ‬࿩௵ͬ৾ͤັ̫Ȅ৘ष̷͈ͅࡀ၌ͬੳ̻͈̜৾ͥ́ͥȃ๞ু૸ “It was the ¿rst major victory of my life. I felt as if I’d struck
a blow for democracy, as if I'd risen up in the name of oppressed peoples all over the world.”(37) ͂੆͓̹̠͢ͅȄ୆̴̥ͦ̀ͣ̽͂͘ ƣ ୲చഎ̈́ඊवଷ͈‫ࡀ́ئ‬၌ͬ൩͙̲̦ͣͦ̈́ͣͅ୆̧̧̹̀ȷ
๞̦Ȅুဇͅ୆̧ͥࡀ၌ͬੳ̻̹৾̽੊‫̹̜̽́ۼ‬ȃȁ̱̥̱̭͉ͦ Sachs ̦༦૶͂ুဇ͈੫૰ͬངͦȄౙͅ໚௡͈ুဇ̞̠͂ड੝͈ুဇͬ਀ͅව
̹ͦდ̥̹͂̓ͣ̈́̽͘ͅȃ̷͉ͦ൳শͅ Sachs ̦ड੝ͅুဇ͈‫̯̱ͬͧޔ‬౶̹̽΀άΕȜΡ͂̈́ͥ͜ȃ੫૰௨͈ؐ‫́͘ۍ‬ഴͤਞ̢̀‫͈̹̱̠ͬ͂ͧܦ‬ঊ‫ͅࢵ̵̦̦̻̹́ͭރ‬ષ͈ઐྶ͈
୶́͘ഴ̭ͥ͂̈́ͥͅȃ̭̦͂ͧȄࣽഽ͉‫̞ޛ‬ષͅ਀̳̩ͤ̈́͜Ȅ༦͉ࣽ͜ͅ‫́͘ئ‬૯̽‫ݙ‬̯͘ͅ၂̻̞̩͈͉̞̥̞̠̀́̈́͂‫ູ̜͈ͤ͘ޔ‬Ȅႁ̦า̫ຕ‫̦̀́ۦ‬ഫ̷̷̧̠̈́ͤͅ
͈ાͅजࣺ͚ͤȃ“But nothing was going to make me stand up on those stairs again. I’d have sooner
jumped off than allow myself to do that.”(39) ̞̠̭͈͂༦͈΋ιϋΠ͉Ȅুဇ͈੫૰͈̹̺ಎ́
‫ູͅޔ‬༛̹̭̥ͣͩͦ͂ͣȄুဇ͈‫̞̱ͧޔ‬௰࿂ͬયಭഎͅಠ̱̞̀ͥ͂൳শͅȄࢃͅ Sachș၂‫ئ‬ম࡬̭̳ͬܳ໖஌̞̈́̽̀ͥ͜ͅȃ̹̭̭͉͘ͅȄષͤ‫̹ͣ͛ݑ‬၂‫̞̥̱̳͂̈́ͥئ‬̞̠ Auster ၠ͈ΞȜζ͜ශ৘ͅা̯̞ͦ̀ͥȃ̷ͦոြ๞੫͉ࣞਫ਼‫ູޔ‬છ̈́ͥͅȃ̭̭̥ͣ− 222 −

Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

Sachs ͉Ȅ“I learned that freedom can be dangerous. If you don’t watch out, it can kill you.”(39) ͂੆͓̞̠̀ͥ͢ͅȄ๞͉ুဇ͈੫૰ང࿚̽̀͢ͅȄুဇͬ਀ͅව̹ͦ͂൳শͅȄুဇ̦໵̵঵̾‫ޔ‬̱̯͈ͧ஄ႛͬ਋̫̭̹͈̜ͥ͂̈́̽́ͥͅȃEȁͺις΃͈Ώϋδσ̱͈͂̀ুဇ͈੫૰
ȁThe Statue of Liberty ͉ȄĲĺĳĵ ාͅͺις΃ࣣਤ࣭࣭೰ܱැ໤Ȅķķ ා͉࣭ͅ‫ز‬Ⴄঃഴ჏़ȄĹĵ ා͉ͅȄଲ‫ͅॲ֒ٮ‬ഴ჏̯̤ͦ̀ͤȄͺις΃̷͈͈͈͜Ώϋδσ̞͂̈́̽̀ͥȃͺις΃૽̩́̈́̀͜ͺις΃̞̠͂࡞ဩͬ໳̞̹শͅȄুဇ͈੫૰௨ͬএ̞຾̥͓ͥ૽͜ఉ̞̭͂
̺̠ͧȃȁLeviathan ͉́Ȅ৽૽࢖̜́ͥ Sachs ̦Ȅ஠ༀ‫ڎ‬౷̜ͥͅ The Statue of Liberty ͈τίς΃ͬบ෫̱̀ͩͥ͘ΑΠȜςȜ̞̈́̽̀ͥͅȃ̶̈́τίς΃ͬষșͅ෫ٟ̱௽̫̹͈̥Ȅ̷͈ၑဇͬ
උ͙ٜ̩̹͛ͅȄুဇ͈੫૰௨͈τίς΃̞̾̀ͅࣉख़̱͙̹̞̀ȃȁ̽͂͜͜ခྴ́ဇ੣̜ͥτίς΃͉Ȅুဇ͈੫૰௨͈༐ႛ̱͂̀ȄέρϋΑঌྦྷͅ௭̹ͣͦȄΩς͈ΓȜΤ୼ͅၛ̾ȨThe French Statue of Libertyȩ̜̠́ͧȃࣣਤ࣭ո‫͉́ٸ‬ȄBartholdi ͈࡬‫ ͅޡ‬ĳııĵ ාͅ࠺̹̀ͣͦ௨ͬই͛Ȅ΂ȜΑΠςͺȄΡͼΜȄͼΗςͺȄήρΐσȄ඾ུȪ൐‫̤͈ނ‬రા͈੫૰௨̈́̓ȫȄαΠ΢θȄಎ࣭͜ͅτίς΃͉ంह̳ͥȃȁ̭͈ಎ́Ȅडࢃ͈ಎ࣭͈͈͉͜Ȅඅਂ̜́ͤȄࡕྟͅ࡞̢͊ুဇ͈੫૰௨ͬ࿅̱̹ȶྦྷ৽͈੫૰௨ȷ͂̈́ͥȃĲĺĹĺ ා ĵ ࠮͈ࡳဨཆ͈ঘͬࠀ‫ڠ̀͛ݥͬا৽ྦྷ̱̀͂ܥ‬୆͞ঌྦྷ̹̻̦
ഛհ࿝ࢩાͅਬ̹̦̽͘Ȅ̷͈षȄཤ‫ނ‬๼੅‫ڠ͈֭ڠ‬୆̽̀͢ͅै଼̯̹ͦ ƣ ྦྷ৽͈੫૰ Ƥ ௨̦Ȅࢩા͈ಎ૤ͅ౾̥̹ͦȃ̭͈੫૰௨͉ྦྷ৽‫׋ا‬൲͈Ώϋδσ̱͂̀ଲ‫ٮ‬ಎ̷͈ͅ‫ד‬௨̦ၠ̯̹ͦȃഛհ࿝ম࠯͉Ȅࠫޫ͉໌ႁ౮գ̽̀͢ͅྦྷਤͥ͢ͅྦྷ৽‫͈ا‬൲̧ͬ໑̲ࣺ̹͛ࠁ́
ਞ̱̹ࠫȃ੫૰௨͜౮գͬ਋̫ྫॼ̈́উͬଲ‫ٮ‬ಎ̯̱̹ͣͅࢃȄകਓ̯̹ͦȃ͕͖൳শ‫ͅܢ‬Ȅͺις΃͈χΏϋΠϋ D.C. ͈ಎ࣭ఱঀ‫͈৽ྦྷͅ׬࢖͈̩߃܁‬੫૰͈΋άȜ̦ैͣͦ̀Ȅুဇͬ‫ڱ͛ݥ‬བ̳ͥಎ࣭͈ྦྷ৽‫ڰا‬൲‫̻̹͂ز‬ͺις΃ঌྦྷ͈Ⴒఝ͈Ώϋδσ̱͂̀ജা̯̹ͦȃ
Leviathan ͈ಎ́͜ഛհ࿝ম࠯͈͒࡞‫̦͙̦ͥͦͣݞ‬Ḙ͈̏࠯̞͉̾̀ͅࢃ੆̳ͥȃȁུ‫͈ز‬ͺις΃͉́஠ༀ‫ڎ‬౷́ࡉ̧̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃड͜ఉ̞͈͉ȄĲĺĶı ාͅδȜͼΑ΃;
Π Ķı ਔාܱͬැ̱̀Ȅ“Strengthen the Arm of Libertyȩ͈ΞȜζ́ਿ̹̽षͅȄĳıı ̜͈ͤ͘τίς΃̦ै଼̯ͦ̀஠ༀ‫ڎ‬౷ͅ࠺̹͈̜̀ͣͦ́ͥ͜ȃఈ͉Ȅ੸ުഎ̈́փྙࣣ̞͈‫͈̞́͜ޑ‬Ȅ̢̹͂͊ȄStatue of Liberty ͞ Liberty Ta[ ServiceȄLiberty National Bank ̞̹͂̽ Liberty ͂࡞̠ྴஜͬ঵̾ٛ২ྴͬ୹ഥ̳̹ͥ͛ͅ࠺̹͈̜̀ͣͦ́ͥ͜ȃρΑα΄Α͈ New YorkNew York
Hotel ̜ͥͅτίς΃͈ાࣣȄήσΛ·ςϋήςΛΐ͈τίς΃̜̭̥ͥ͂ͣ͜Ȅুဇ͂࡞̠
͉ͤ͢ȄNew York ͈໱ս‫ͬܨ‬ૌ̱੄̳̹͈͛઀ൽߓ̱͂̀͜ঀဥ̯̞̠̜ͦ̀ͥ́ͥ͢ȃȁոષ͈̠͢ͅুဇ͈੫૰ུఘ̷̦̠̜̠́ͥ͢ͅȄুဇ͈੫૰͈τίς΃̹͘͜Ȅͺις

− 223 −

ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ΃͈Ώϋδσ̜́ͤȄAuster ̦੆͓̞̹̠̀͢ͅȄ੫૰̦౾̥̹ͦ New York ̹͘͜Ȅఉအ଻Ȇۘယ଻Ȇ༹͈‫͈ئ‬໹൝̞̠͂ͺις΃ͬߓ࡛̱̹͈͜ Ƥ ͈̜̈́́ͥȃȁոષুဇ͈੫૰͂ুဇ͈‫̧̹͓̀੆̞̀̾ͤͩͅ۾‬ȃBartholdi ̦ুဇ̹̞̳ͥͅ‫͊ࠫ́ۜވ‬̞ͦ̀ͥέρϋΑ͂ͺις΃͈࿻ࢡ͂໹გ͈Ώϋδσ̱͂̀ଷै̱ȄBartholdi ̦༦͂Ρρ·υχ͈ȸྦྷਤͬ൵̩੫૰ȹͬκΟσ̱̹̭̥͂ͣͅȄ༦૶͈Ώϋδσ̜̹́̽͜ The Statue of
Liberty Enlightening the World ͉ȄPulitzer ͥ͢ͅࠐफഎ࣓ࡃ͂ Emma Lazarus ͈থ̽̀͢ͅȄଲ‫ٮ‬ಎ̥ͣຫ̱̩‫̢̩̥ࠞأͬྦྷ֊̹̬ͦͣݘ‬වͦͥ Mother of E[iles ͈Ώϋδσ̱͈͂̀ The
Statue of Liberty ̈́ͥͅȃࢵͅփྙͬࢩ̧̬̞̀Ȅ̳͓͈̀౮գ͞ဲգ̥͈ٜͣ༶̳͓͈͂̀૽
‫ু͉ۼ‬ဇ́໹൝̜̭͈́ͥ͂Ώϋδσ͞ুဇ͈࣭ͺις΃̷͈͈͈͜Ώϋδσ̞͂̈́̽̀̽
̹ȃ̷̷̱͈̀ুဇ͉͂Ȅুဇ͈੫૰͈రजඤ໐ͅࠇ̬̹ͣͦ Benjamin Franklin ͈ȨThey thatcan give up essential liberty to obtain a little safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.ȩ͈࡞ဩ̜ͥ͢ͅ
̠ͅȄယօͅං͈͉̩ͣͦͥ́̈́͜Ȅુͅ‫̯̱ͬͧޔ‬ඤ༫̱Ȅນ࿂എ̈́ুဇͬ৤̀‫̭͂ͥͅݲ‬͈͙̽̀͢ංུ̧̭̦ͥ͂́ͥৗഎ̈́ুဇ͈̜̈́́ͥȃŊŊȁুဇ࣭͂‫ز‬A

LeviathanȁLeviathan ͉ࢊͤ਀͈ Peter ̽̀͢ͅ FBI ͈͒༭࣬੥͈ࠁ́੥̥̹̭͈ͦ઀୰͈ఴ࿒̜́ͥ͂
͂͜ͅȄSachs ̦੥ུ̧̥̫̞̹͈̹̀͛ͅထ೰̯̞̹ͦ̀ΗͼΠσ̜́ͥ͜ȃLeviathan ͉͂ࡓြȄ‫ݰ‬࿩୉੥ͅ੄̩̀ͥ‫ݴ‬ఱ̈́ࡖ਷̜́ͤȄȶπήܱȷĵĲ ડ͉́χΣ͂࿫̯̞ͦ̀ͥȃ΀ΐίΠ́χΣ͉ဲգ৪͈યಭ̜́ͤȄ࿤਷͈ؐ৪̜́ͤȄ૰ͬੰ̞̀ड‫̜͈͈ͥ́͜ޑ‬ςό͹ͼͺ΍ϋ͉ȄξΘμྦྷ௼ͬේ̳̭͈͘ଲ͈အș̈́ႁ͈યಭ̜̹́̽ȃȁȁ‫ݰ‬࿩͈ Leviathan ͂໼̭͈ͭ́ΗͼΠσ̦ճা̱̞͈͉̀ͥȄThomas HobbesȪȫ͈ࡣങഎྴಠ̜́ͥ Leviathan ̜́ͥȃ̭͈੥̤̞̀ͅȄड‫ͬز࣭͉͈͈͂͜ޑ‬ঐ̱̞̀ͥȃ
Hobbes ͦ͊͢ͅȄ૽‫ু͉ۼ‬டેఠ͉́Ȅুࡨ༗ంུ͈ෝͅਲ̽̀ ƣ ুடࡀ Ƥ ࣐ͬঀ̱Ȅুဇͬ‫ށ‬਋̳ͥȃ̷̱̥̱͈ࠫ‫ض‬Ȅbellum omnium contra omnes ̳̻̈́ͩ ƣ ྔ૽͈ྔ૽ͅచ̳ͥ୽̞ Ƥ̞̠͂൰௔ેఠ̦୆̲Ȅুடࡀ͉๛೰̵̰ͥͬං̞̈́ȃ̷̭́Ȅুடࡀͬଷ࿩̱యͩͤͅ২ٛ
ࠀ࿩ͥ͢ͅ୲చ৽ࡀ࣐̠̹࣭ͬ͛ͅ‫̦ز‬ంह̳̞̠͈̜ͥ͂́ͥȃ̹̺̭͉ͦཕ߯എ̈́୲చ߯
৽ͥ͢ͅࡀႁ၄ဥͬૺ̹͈͉͛́͜ࠨ̱̩̀̈́Ȅ̜̩́͘২ٛࠀ࿩ͬ৿̹࣭ͥ͛ͅ‫ࡀز‬ႁ༹͈ͥ͢ͅ঑෻̦ຈါ͈̜̈́́̽̀Ȅ๞̦Ȅুட༹͈ඤယͅ฽̳ͥঌྦྷ༹ͬྫ̱̞̭̥࢘͂̀ͥ͂
̥̠ͣͩͥ͜͢ͅȄआೲ͉́ুட༹̳̻̈́ͩ૽‫ࡀ͈ۼ‬၌ͬਹণ̱̞̀ͥȃഓ‫ڠ‬মങ͉ͅȄƣ ̷̭ͅၑ଻̦Ȅুͣอࡉ̳ͥুட༹̭͈̽̀͢ͅুடࡀͬଷࡠ̱Ȅ২ٛࠀ࿩ͥ͢ͅ୲చ৽ࡀ͈୭
೰͒͂൵̩ḁ̩̱࣭̑̀‫଼̦ز‬ၛ̳͈̜ͥ́ͥȃ๞͉̭͈࣭‫ࠀز‬࿩୰̽̀͢ͅ୺ଷ߯৽ଷͬ̽͜

− 224 −

Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

͂͜ၑே͂ࣉ̢̹̦Ȅ৽ࡀ͉ুடࡀ͈༗બͬ݅ྩ̳͂ͥࡠ̤̞ͤ̀ͅ୲చ͈̜̈́́ͤȄ৽ࡀ͈୲చ଻͈‫ܖ‬யͬ૽ྦྷ͈ুࡨ༗ంࡀ̤̞̹ͅത̷͉́ͦ੗ଘͅഔೲ̱̹ুட৽͈݅ଽহၑა̜́
̢̞ͥ͂ͥ Ƥ ܱ̯̞͂ͦ̀ͥȃ࣭‫͉ز‬ౙͅ୲చഎ̈́ࡀႁͬ঵͈̜̾́ͥ͂͜൳শͅȄ૽‫ࡀ͈ۼ‬၌ͬ༗વ̳͈̜͈̺ͥ́ͥ͜͜ȃȁPaul Auster ͈ Leviathan ͈ίυυȜΈ͉ͅȄȨEvery actual state is corrupt.ȩ̞̠͂ Ralph Waldo
Emerson ͈࡞ဩ̦ࠇ̬̞̦ͣͦ̀ͥḘ̭͉̏ͅȄུြࡢ૽͈ࡀ၌ͬ৿̭ͥ͂ͬల֚ͅࣉ̢͓ͥ
̧࣭‫̦ز‬Ȅ‫ࡀ͈૽ࡢͅݙ‬၌ͬญ్̱̞̭̀ͥ͂ͅచ̳ͥ Auster ͈೑Ⴇ̈́๱ඳ͈ιΛΓȜΐ̦ࣺ̞͛ͣͦ̀ͥ͂ࣉ̢̧̭̦̠ͥ͂́͢ȃুဇ͈੫૰͈రज͈ඤ໐͉ͅȄအș̈́ռ૽̹̻͈
ιΛΓȜΐ͜ࠇ̬̞ͣͦ̀ͥȃ̷͈ಎ́ȄEmerson ͉Ȅ“For what avail the plough or sail, Or landor life, if freedom fail?ȩ͂੆͓Ȅ̹͘ȄWoodrow Wilson ͉ȄȨI would rather belong to a poor nationthat was free than to a rich nation that had ceased to be in love with liberty.ȩ͂Ȅ̷̸࣭ͦͦ‫ু̦ز‬ဇͬ༗બ̳̭͈ͥ͂ఱ୨̯ͬ੆͓̞̀ͥȃȁB

civil disobedience ͈ഥൡ͂ͺις΃ֲ͈߹‫ا‬Ȇཕႁ‫ا‬ȁͺις΃͉ͅȄ࣭‫ুͥ͢ͅز‬ဇ͂૽ࡀ͈ဲգͅచ̱̀๱ཕႁ́൰̹̽ȄThoreau ͈ civil
disobedience ͅইͥ͘ၻ૤ͅၔ఑̻̯̹ͦະ໚ਲ͈ഥൡ̦̜ͥȃȁHenry David Thoreau  ͉ȄEmerson ̦βϋ͈͙ͬဥ̞̀৽ಫ̱̹̭࣐͂ͬ൲́͜া̱
̹૽໤̢̜̞̠́ͥ͂͢ȃুடͬՔ̱૩͈ಎ͈́୆‫ ͬڰ‬Walden, or, Life in the Woods (1854) ͅಠ̱̹ Thoreau ͉ȄĲĹĵķ ාͅ૽൮୕తො͈ऻે́ఫ༛̯ͦൎࣲ̯ͦͥȃ๞͉ി႞෱গა৪̜́
ͤȄ৘षͅ൪ཌി႞ͬ‫ڰ̠ݣ‬൲̱̞̹̀͜ȃ൚শͺις΃͉ͺις΃Ɂι΅Ώ΋୽௔Ȫȫ͈̹̺ಎ̜ͤͅȄႀാ͈‫ڐ‬ಫ̳̻̈́ͩി႞ਗͬ௩̳͞࿒აࡉ̦ૺ࣐ಎ̜̹́̽ȃ̷͈̠̈́͢ଽ
ॐͅু໦̦঑໡̹̽୕߄̴̦̥ͩ́͜ঀ̭͉ͩͦͥ͂ȄThoreau ͉͂̽̀ͅఛ̢ඳ̞̭̜͂́̽
̹ȃȨUnder a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison.ȩ͂ࢊͤȄুͣૺͭ́Ⴤࣲͅ‫ݳ‬ાਫ਼ͬ‫̀͛ݥ‬ൎࣲ̯̹ͦ๞͈৽ಫ͉ȨCivil Disobedienceȩ(1849)̱͂̀͂͛ͣͦͥ͘ȃȁ̭͈ಎ́ Thoreau ͉Ȅࡢ૽͉ଽຸͤ͢͜࿹պ̈́ၛા̜ͤͅȄࡢ૽͈ඤ࿂͉ଽຸ͈ࡀրͤ͢ͅ
ๆ̧̳̭̦̞͂́̈́୉֖̜́ͤȄଽຸ̦ྦྷփͬࡺ̴͙ੳ਀ͅະୃ࣐̈́և̳ͬͥ̈́ͣȄࡢ૽͉ଽຸ͂਀ͬ୨ͥࡀ၌̦̜ͥ͂৽ಫ̳ͥȃ̭͉ͦȄHobbes ၠ͈৽ࡀ͈୲చ଻͈‫ܖ‬யͬ૽ྦྷ͈ুࡨ
༗ంࡀ̤̞̹ͅത́Ȅ੗ଘͅഔೲ̱̹ুட৽͈݅ଽহၑა͈ၠ̩͚͈ͦͬ͂͜ࣉ̢̭̦ͥ͂́
̧̠͢ȃ̭͈ࣉ̢༷͉Ȅĳı ଲ‫͂ͥ̈́ͅܮ‬ͺις΃̴͈͙̈́ͣଲ‫ٮ‬ಎ͈ྦྷ৽৽݅‫׋‬൲͒͂̾̈́
̦̞̩̽̀ȃ
ȁ̹͘Ȅķı ාయ͈ͺις΃́ȄMartin Ruther King ཪ঍͉Ȅcivil disobedience ͈ഥൡͅ‫̹̽״‬๱ཕႁ਀౲́࢖ྦྷࡀͬੳ̻ං̞̹̀̽ȃ̭͈൲̧͉୽শ͜ͅࡉͣͦͥȃలඵষଲ‫ٮ‬ఱ୽ಎ− 225 −

ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ͉ȄĴĶ ྔ૽̦୽௔ͬ‫ܝ‬๰̱Ȅ৘ष ĵ ྔ૽ոષ̦වబͬ‫ݵ‬๛̱̞̀ͥȃαΠ΢θ୽௔͈ष͜ͅȄ
Sachs ͈̠͢ͅ ၻ૤എ໶࿨‫ܝ‬๰৪̦ఱସ̤ͤȄ΃΢Θ͞ͺις΃͒൪ཌ̳͈̦ͥ͜ࢃͬ୲̹̈́
̥̹̽ȃȁSachs ͈ଽহഎ̈́‫ڰ‬൲͜இ̲‫̫̞͊̀͛ݑ‬ȄȨa matter of conscience”(29) ̜́ͤȄ̷͉̯̥͈͖ͦͦ͊ȄĲĺ ଲ‫݅৽ק಼͈ܮ‬৪̜́ͥ Thoreau ̦̾̈́ͥͅȃ৘ष๞͉Ȅ“ Thoreau was his
model, and without the e[ample ofȦCivil Disobedience,ȧI doubt that Sachs would have turned out as hedid. I’m not just talking about prison now, but a whole approach to life, an attitude of remorseless inner
vigilance.”(29) ͂ Peter ͅࢊ̵̞̠ͣ̀ͥ͢ͅȄSachs ͉ Thoreau ͅ૤ଜ̱Ȅ๞̦̬͌ͬ୆̱̀͞
̞̹̥̞̠ͣ͂ၑဇ̬́͌ͬ୆̱͞Ȅ๞͂൳̲̩ ĵĵ प́ঘ̺͕̜ͭ̓́ͥȃȁThoreau ͉ཕႁഎ̈́਀౲ͬ৏̭͉̥̹̦ͥ͂̈́̽Ȅ̷̢͈̹̥͛̽̀ඤ࿂͉̱̞́ࠣീ̦ͤ
‫̹̞̞̀ے־‬ȃ̭͈ത͉ Sachs ͂‫ވ‬೒̱̞̀ͥȃȨIn spite of his gentleness, Sachs could be rigidly
dogmatic in his thinking, and there were times when he let loose in savage ¿ts of anger, truly terrifying
outbursts of rage. ”(20) ̜̠͂ͥ͢ͅȄ๞͉ນ࿂എ̈́‫͉̯̥͂͞ؤ‬ၔໜ̱̞ࠣͅീ̦ͤ໨੄̳ͥ
শ̦̜̹͈̜̽́ͥȃȁಭ໶ͬ‫ݵ‬๛̱̹ࠫ‫ض‬ව̹ͦͣͦჄࣲ͈ಎ́੥̞̹๞͈ಠ੥̜́ͥ The New Colossus ̞̾̀͜ͅȄȨThe dominant emotion was anger, a fullblown, lacerating anger that surged up on nearly every
page: anger against America, anger against political hypocrisy, anger as a weapon to destroy national
myths.”(44) ͂ȄPeter ͉໦ଢ଼̱̤̀ͤȄͺις΃̞̠࣭͂‫͞ز‬ଽহഎܺ஝଻ͅచ̳ͥ Sachs ͈ീ͉ͤ༡̤̽̀ͤȄ̷̷̱̦̀ͦೄ୪എ͉ͅȄαΠ΢θ୽௔ͬ௽̫ͥͺις΃̹̞̳ͥͅീͤ͂
̈́̽̀໨੄̱̹̭̦͂াऐ̯̞ͦ̀ͥȃȁSachs ̦໶࿨‫ݵ‬๛́व฻̥̫̹ͣͦͅषͅȄু఺ͅ؋̱̥̫̹༭ൽଈ̥࢜̽̀ͅ฽ఘଷ௰͈
૽‫̜ͥ́ۼ‬຿૶͉Ȅຽ౲͈‫س‬࿑̯ͬ఑̻෫̽̀ȄȨBen is a terri¿c kid. We always taught him to
stand up for what he believes in, and I’d be crazy not to be proud of what he’s doing now. If there weremore young men like my son in this country, it would be a hell of a lot better place.”(30) ͂ࢯ݈̱Ȅ௳ঊ͈୆̧༷ͬ෇̞͛̀ͥȃȁ̭ͦͅచ̱̀ͺις΃͉̠̓؊̢̞̹̥̀ȃSachs ͈຿͉ȄĲĺĴı ාయͅ২ٛ৽݅৪̱͂̀ଽ
হ‫ڰ‬൲ͅ‫̠̞̹̞͂̀̽ͩ۾‬୭೰̞̦̈́̽̀ͥͅȄĳı ଲ‫ܮ‬੝൮ͅ২ٛ৽݅‫׋‬൲ΑΠρͼ΅͞Οκ̦࣐̹ͩͦष͉ͅȄΑΠ෫̦ͤဥփ̯̹̺̫̩ͦ́̈́Ȅཕႁഎ̈́ଷव̦࣐̹ͩͦȃల֚ষଲ‫ٮ‬ఱ୽শ͉ͅȄ୽௔ͅ฽చ̱̹ͤȄಭ໶ͬ‫ݵ‬๛̳ͥ৪͉ΑΩͼ༹̽̀͢ͅ޺ࡥߺ̯̹ͦͅȃలඵষଲ‫ٮ‬ఱ୽ࢃ́͜ Truman ͅ಑৘̞͈́̈́ͬ͜ૣऔ̳̹͈ͥ͛տ֥̦ٛ୭ၛ̯̞ͦ̀ͩ͠
ͥ୤ਃ̦࣐̹ͤͩͦȃ̷͈ࠫ‫̦ض‬ཕႁ͈੄࡛̜́ͥȃķı ාయ͉ King ཪ঍͈ sitin demonstration͈̠̈́͢๱ཕႁ‫׋‬൲଼̦ࢗͬਓ̹̥͛ͅࡉ̢̹̦Ȅ໹გഎͅ‫׋‬൲ͬૺ͛ͥ૽ș͜ͅယ৥̩̈́ཕ
ႁ͈၆̦̥̥ࣛͤͤȄKing ཪ঍͉ճफ़̯ͦȄLos Angeles ͈ Watts ཕ൲͉̲ͬ͛Ȅ஠ༀࣱ͈૽Α− 226 −

Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

ρθ‫́ځ‬ཕ൲̦อ୆̱Ȅࣱ૽͈๱ཕႁ‫׋‬൲̹͘͜ཕႁ৾̽̀ͅయͩͥȃRachel Carson ̽̀͢ͅই̹۪͛ͣͦ‫ޏ‬༗ࢌ‫׋‬൲͈̠͢ͅ஠̩ཕႁ͉͂ྫ‫͂׻‬এ̹۪ͩͦ‫ޏ‬༗ࢌ‫׋‬൲̳́ͣȄཕႁ͉͚ͬͣ΀΋ȆΞυςΒθ͈੄࡛ͬ‫̜͈̹̭̳ͥ́̽̈́͂ͅݺ‬ȃȁুဇ̞̠͂࡞ဩͅచ̳ͥͺις΃͈঑෻‫୲ݵ͈ݭٴ‬฽؊̞̾̀ͅȄ൚শ͈ͺις̶́̈́ুဇ
͈੫૰௨͈రज͈͒‫ີ̦߄ັܙ‬ဉ௄̥ͣਬ̥̹͈̥ͣ̈́̽͂͘࡞̠໦ଢ଼ͅ၁͛̀Ȅ઀ന‫ܖ‬ঙ͉ষ͈̠͢ͅ੆͓̞̀ͥȃȁƣ ুဇ Ƥ ఱॷ଼ȝু໦͂̽̀ͅȄ‫ز‬௼͂̽̀ͅȄ࿻૽͂̽̀ͅȃ̱̥̱Ȅƣ ুဇ Ƥ ̦ࢩํս͈૽ș͈̜̞̺ͅȄ̱̥͜ഽͬ‫͊ͣ̈́ͥ͘ࢩ̱̀ק‬ȤȤȃȁ( ̭͈̠̈́͢ȶুဇȷ̹̞̳ͥͅͺις΃͈঑෻‫๊͈༷֚ࡉ͈ݭٴ‬എ̥̾ࡐಠ̈́ນͦͬȄ͖̩̹̻͉Ȅࢃා Ĳĺĳı ාయͅࡉͥȃ੄ๅ໤͈࠿‫ר‬Ȇ౮գȄ୤ਃͤȄࣣਤ࣭࠻༹ਘୃల ĲĹૄȪ޺ਈ༹ȫ൝șͅ )ȁ̹͘Ȅ༷֚Ȅ๞͉ͣͅȄ২ٛഎୣහ̦̞̥̹ۜ֗̽̀̈́̽ȃ২ٛȄ̜̞͉ͥఈ৪͈̹͛
ͅȄুͣߎႻ̱̀ಇୟ̱̹̤߄ͬ‫ߎ͉̭̩͂ڬ‬೑ո‫ة͈ٸ‬໤̥̹͈̜́̈́̽́ͥ͜ḁ͉̑ͦͣȄƣ ুဇ Ƥ ̞͈̾̀ͅდఴͬ๰̫̹ȃ௨̞̾̀͜ͅȽ ƣ ুဇ Ƥ ̞̠͂ྴ̦̞̞̾̀
̢̦ͥ͠ͅȃȁȁȁȁȁȸƣ ুဇ͈੫૰ Ƥ ໤ࢊȹĲĹĳȁȁ൚শ͈ͺις΃͈ີဉ௄͂̽̀ͅȄুဇ͉͂‫ئ‬௄‫͈ݭٴ‬ర൮̹̱ͬͣ͜Ȅু͈ͣ౷պͬ‫̠ܓ‬̩̳ͥ‫̈́ࡏܓ‬এேͅఈ̥̹͈̜̈́ͣ̈́̽́ͥȃ̷͉ͦ Sachs ̦‫ܓ‬ᏼ̳ͥুဇ͈‫଻͉͂଻ࡏܓ‬ৗͬ։̳͈̜ͥ́ͥ͜ͅȃȁুဇ̞̠͂࡞ဩུ̦ြ͈փྙ͉͂։̈́ͥփྙͅ་ယ̳ͥ‫͉଻ࡏܓ‬ȄLeviathan ͈ໍర͂̈́̽
̞̀ͥ ĲĺĹı ාయ͈ͺις΃͜ͅࡉͣͦͥȃĹı ාయͅවͤȄCarter ఱൡႀ̥ͣ෰࿹‫ފ‬ٛٛಿ̱͂̀୤ਃͤ͜ͅ‫ފ‬ႁ̱̞̹̀ Reagan ఱൡႀͅయͩͥࣼȄֲ߹‫ࡐ͉ا‬ಠ̈́ͥͅȃĲĺĹĶ ාτȜ΄ϋȆΡ·Πςῧ͈́͜Ȅͺέ΄ΣΑΗϋ͞Σ΃ρΈχ൝́฽‫׋ވ‬൲ͬȄȶুဇ͈୽আȷ̦঑
‫̠̩̞̱ͥ̈́̀͢ͅ׳‬ȃ̷͉ͦౙͅఱൡႀ͈࢐య̺̫͉̩́̈́Ȅྦྷ৽ൂ̥ͣఉၾ͈݈୘్ͬ̽
̹‫ވ‬გൂ̦ષ֭́ఉତ෩̹̭࡛̞̈́̽͂ͦ̀ͥ͜ͅͅȃ઀നঙ̦੆͓̞̹̀ Ĳĺĳı ාయ͈ȶͺις΃঑෻‫͈֚ݭٴ‬࿂എ̈́ুဇ͈ࡉ༷ȷ̦̭̭ͅठ͍ࡐಠ̧̹͈̜̈́̽̀́ͥͅȃ̭͈শ‫ͅܢ‬̞̾̀ Leviathan ͉ͅষ͈̠ܱ̯̞ͦ̀ͥ͢ͅȃThe era of Ronald Reagan began. Sachs went on doing what he had always done, but in the new
American order of the 1980’s, his position became increasingly marginalized. It wasn’t that he hadno audience, but it grew steadily smaller, and the magazines that published his work became steadi
ly more obscure. Almost imperceptibly, Sachs came to be seen as a throwback, as someone out ofstep with the spirit of the time. The world had changed around him, and in the present climate of
VHO¿VKQHVVDQGLQWROHUDQFHRIPRURQLFFKHVWSRXQGLQJ$PHULFDQLVPKLVRSLQLRQVVRXQGHGFXUL− 227 −

ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ

RXVO\KDUVKDQGPRUDOLVWLF
ֲ߹‫͙ૺ̦ا‬ȄΐλȜ΢ςΒθ͜ೆ࿑ͬ‫̞ͦͣޑ‬Ȅ฽చ͈୊ͬષ̬̭̦ͥ͂Ȩbad mannerȩ̯̠̹͂ͦͥ̈́̽͢ͅͺις΃͈ಲၠͅ։ͬ੹̢̠̳͂ͥ͢ Sachs ͉Ȅশయಁͦ͂ࡉ̯̈́ͦਔ༏
ͅ೏̞ͣͦͥ͞ȃ࿧ٚ৪ե̞̯̦ͦ̈́ͣ͜๞͉୊ͬષ̬௽̫̦ͥȄ̷͈উ͉ȄPeter ͈‫ͅ܉‬ȄȨHepretended not to care, but I could see that the battle was wearing him down, that even as he tried to takecomfort from the fact that he was right, he was gradually losing faith in himself.ȩ(117) ͂ Sachs ̦൰̞ͅ෴ͦু૞ͬி৐̱̞̩̀ίυΓΑ͂‫ͥד‬ȃ ̷͈৐̜̹ͩͦ̾̾̽ Sachs ͈ু૞ͬٝ໘̵̯̀
̴̩͉̜̹ͦͥ́̽ȄThe New Colossus ͈‫͜اْד‬ඞझ̱Ȅ๞͉̞̞͢͢‫ݫ‬౷ͅ೏̞ࣺͦ̀͘
̞̩͈̜́ͥȃȁུြࡢ૽͈ুဇͬ༗બ̧̳͓Ȅ‫ݴ‬ఱ̈́ࡀႁͬခ̳࣭ͥ‫͉ز‬Ȅ࡛య͈ͺις΃̷͉͈́ࡀႁͬ
͚̱ͧࡢ૽͈ুဇͬဲգ̱ଷࡠ̳༷ͥ࢜͒͂൲̞̞̀ͥȃ̷͈ಎ́Ȅ૯͈ুဇͬ৿̠̳ͧ͂ͥ
Sachs ͉২͈ٛਔ༏͒೏̞ͣͦ͞Ȅ୆̧ͥ࿒എ͂ু૞ͬி৐̱̞͈̜̀ͥ́ͥȃŊŊŊȁThe Statue of Liberty บ෫࣭͂‫͈͒ز‬ಯ୽Aȁ၂‫ئ‬ম࡬ȁĲĺĹķ ා ĸ ࠮͈౲‫ ́ٴ‬Peter ͉Ȅ੝͛̀੄̧̹͉ٛ̽͂ͅȄȶۘఱ́ξȜκͺͅີ͙౶എȷ́
̜̹̽ Sachs ̦ȄȨIn ¿fteen years, Sachs traveled from one end of himself to the other, and by the time
he came to that last place, I doubt he even knew who he was anymore.ȩ(15) ͂ ĲĶ ා͈‫ͅۼ‬ȄĲĹı ഽ૽‫̦ۼ‬་̱̹ͩ̽̀̽͂͘੆͓̞̀ͥȃ̷͈आུഎ̈́་‫̦͈̹̱̹ͣͬ͜ا‬Ȅ၂‫ئ‬ম࡬͈̈́́
̜ͥȃ̷͉ͦȄĲĺĹķ ා ĸ ࠮ ĵ ඾͈ুဇ͈੫૰࠺௮ຐාऱ͈඾̜́ͤȄ࡞̠̞̭̺̦́̈́͂͘͜Ȅͺις΃͈ඊၛܱැ඾ͅ‫̹̥ͦٳ‬Ȅ੄ๅ‫߸۾‬৪͈ΩȜΞͻ͈डಎ̭ܳͥͅȃPeter ͉Ȅत͈ Fanny͂დ̱̦̈́ͣ‫̞ͥ̀ࡉͬغـ‬ȃ๞͈ͣ‫܉‬ஜ͉ͅȄƣ ুဇ͈੫૰̦Ȅ‫͈ࢽ̩׿‬ऒ਀ͅρͼΠͺΛί̯̩̥ͦ̀ܵ͊ͤͅ Ƥ ၛ̞̽̀ͥḁ̑̾̀ ĲĺĶĲ ාͅ Sachs ̦༦͂ুဇ͈੫૰ͬང࿚̱̹ఘࡑ
͉ȄSachs ͈༦̦၂‫̢͍̤ͅ଻ࡏܓ͈ئ‬ȄSachs ̦ুဇͅඤ༫̯ͦͥ‫ͬ଻ࡏܓ‬੝͛̀౶̹̽ࡔఘ
ࡑ̜̹́̽ȃඵ૽͉੫૰ͬࡉ̦̈́ͣ Sachs ൝̦ང࿚̧̱̹͈̭͂͂ͬდఴ̱Ȅƣ ুဇ͈੫૰௨͈
ಎͬ၂̻̹̠͈̺̠ͣ̓̈́ͥͧ Ƥ ̈́̓͂ઢ̞ࣣ̞̹͈̜̽̀́ͥȃȁ̷͈ೄࢃͅȄSachs ͉๱ુ‫ٴ‬౲͈ိͤા̥ͣ၂‫̱ئ‬ਹੱͬ໅̞૽‫̦ۼ‬་̱̠ͩ̽̀͘ȃSachs
ু૸Ȅ̷͈၂‫̷͈͉ئ‬඾੝̹͛̀ٛ̽ Maria ͈‫ু̧֨ͬܨ‬໦͈ఘͅ૘̵̹̞̞̠ͣ͂๚̱̞‫ئ‬૤ͬ༴̞̹̭͂ͅచ̳ͥั͂ࣉ̢̺̫̩ͥ́̈́Ȅ̷͈૯͈࿒എ͉ȶু໦͈୆ྵͬ‫̳̯ͣͅࡏܓ‬ȷ̭̜͂́ͤȄȨI learned that I didn’t want to live. For some reasons that are still impenetrable to me, I
climbed onto the railing that night in order to kill myself.ȩ(135) ͉͂͜͞ু໦͉୆ͬབ̞̭̈́͂͘
ͅ‫̥̹̞ͣ̿ܨ‬Ȅ਀̳͈ͤષͅၛ̠̾̈́͢‫̞̈́ܓ‬૯য̱̹͈̺ͬ͂࣬ฒ̳ͥȃ̷̱̀Ȅ౗́ͅ− 228 −

Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

͜ঘུ͈ෝ͉̜ͥ͂ք͛Ȅ̹͘૽୆ͬ་̢̭͉ͥ͂૽୆ͅਞগເͬ఑̭͉̾͂͂։̈́ͥ͂฽ა
̳ͥ Peter ͅ๞͉ষ͈̠͢ͅ൞̢ͥȃȨI want to end life I’ve been living up to now. I want everything to change. If I don't manage to dothat, I'm going to be in deep trouble. My whole life has been a waste, a stupid little joke, a dismal
string of pretty failures. I’m going to be fortyone years old ne[t week, and if I don’t take hold ofthings now, I’m going to drown. I’m going to sink like a stone to the bottom of the world.ȩ 
ိͤા̥ͣ౷࿂ࠣͅඏ̱̹̭͂ͅયಭ̯̠ͦͥ͢ͅȄ૽୆͈̓ͭೲͬ఑̹̭̽͂ͬ Sachs ͉փে̱̞̀ͥȃ̱̥͜๞͉ ĵĲ प̞̠͂૽୆́ςΓΛΠ̦̥̞࢘̈́ාႢͅో̱̜̾̾ͤȄȶ̭͈͘͘୞̭͈̠ͧ͢ͅଲ‫͈ٮ‬ೲͅೆ͙ࣺ̱̞̹̩̞ͭ́̈́͘ȷ̞̠͂ઙ௓ۜͅ‫̞ͥ̀ͦ͘ف‬ȃ๞͈࿒͉͈ࣽ́͘ͅ஠୆‫ྫ̦پ‬ఖ̜́ͤȄ઀̯̈́৐෴͈Ⴒ௽̱̥͂‫̜͈̹̩ͥ́̽̈́̈́ͣד‬ȃ̷͈̠̈́͢ે‫ͬޙ‬఑‫ ̹̳͛ͥͅٳ‬Sachs ͉ȄȨI don’t want to spend the rest of my life rolling pieces ofblank paper into a typewriter. I want to stand up from my desk and do something. The days of being ashadow are over. I’ve got to step into a real world now and do something.ȩȪ137ȫ͂ু໦́੆͓̞̀
̹̠͢ͅȄ੥̩̭͂ͬৃ͛Ȅ‫ͬܟ‬ၗ࡛ͦ৘ͬࡉନ̢̀‫̢̦̺͈ͥࣉ̞̹̱̥͂ͬة‬Ȅ๞̷͈͈এ̞͉̦̀͞Ȅুဇ͈੫૰௨͈Ⴒ௽บ෫̞̠࣐͂൲̞̩͂̈́̽̀ȃȁ̭͈ࢃȄ๞͉֚୨৏ຊ‫ڰ‬൲ͬ౯̻Ȅম࠯ͬདྷ̞̹̬ͦ̈́͛͌ͬͅ೬ͤȄম࡬̧̹́́ੱ୥
ͬࡐ̱ͩͅȄম࡬൚শ֚੣̞̹ͅ Maria ͂୪૘̱௽̫ͥȃ‫ͅݙ‬त͈ Fanny ͉͂‫ݻ‬ၗͬ͂ͤই͛Ȅ̞͉̾ͅॽমͬྴ࿒ͅুͣΨȜκϋΠ͈༆௝̧̞͒Ȅ༆‫́ࠁ̠̞͂ݳ‬त͂༆ͦͥ੔๵ͬ಍ș͂ૺ̞̩͛̀ȃSachs ͉ ĸ ࠮ ĵ ඾̞̠͂ͺις΃͂̽̀ͅ૧୆ͬփྙ̳ͥඊၛܱැ඾ͅȄ̓ͭೲ́͘၂̷̻̹͈ͦ́͘૽୆ͅ༆̬ͦͬ࣬Ȅএ॑എ̈́ै‫̥ͣز‬ͺ·Ξͻό̈́ΞυςΑΠ͈͒ൽͬ༜͙ই͈̜͛ͥ́ͥȃȁBȁΞυςΑΠ͈͒ൽȁ̴͘ȄSachs ̦ুဇ͈੫૰͈τίς΃ͬ༌౤̥ͣบ෫̱̠̀ٝͥ̈́͢ΞυςΑΠ̹̈́̽ͅࠐ
֌̞̾̀ͅ۰ౙͅ૘̧̤̹̞ͦ̀ȃਝ͈ངͦͅည̠ͩͦͥ͢ͅ Sachs ͉֚শ৏ຊ͈਀ͬ‫͛ݝ‬Ȅ८༜ͅ੄̥̫̦ͥȄ૩͈ಎ́ൽͅྸ̱̠̽̀͘ȃ΋ϋΩΑ̱͉̈́́ু໦͈պ౾̴̦̥༷ͩͣ࢜
ͬࡉ৐̠̞̠ܱ͂੆͉ Thoreau ͈΋ϋΩΑ͈΀άΕȜΡͬே̵̯ܳͥȃ̜̹̥͜ু໦͈୆̧̀
̞ͥଲ‫́ٮ‬୆̧ͥպ౾ͬࡉ৐̞̽̀ͥ๞ু૸͈ે‫ͬޙ‬યಭഎͅা̳̠̈́͢ম࠯̜́ͥ͜ȃ֚࿡ͬ૩͈ಎ́ྶ̥̱̹ࢃȄDwight ̞̠͂‫͈ܨ‬ၻ̞৹৪ͅ੩̫ͣͦু఺́͘௣̠̽̀ͣ͜ഷಎȄ५ಎ֚́૽͈౳͂੄̠ٛȃDwight ͉๞̞̾̀͜ͅ਀੩̫̱̠͂͢૭̱੄̦ͥȨ̞̏̈́ͤ౳ͅ
਺̹́ࠢͦཌ̩̈́ͥȃ̷͈౳ͬ Sachs ͉ΨΛΠ́఑̻फ़̱Ȅ࡛ાͬၗ̦ͦͥȄ঵४̱̹౳͈‫ك‬໤̥ͣ Reed Dimmagio ̞̠͂๞͈ྴஜͬা̳ΩΑεȜΠ͂บ౮͈ऺၳȄఉ‫̥ͥ̾ࡉ̦߄࡛͈ڣ‬ȃഢ̦ࣺ̺ͤͭ Maria ͈̭͂ͧ́Ȅफ़̱̹ Dimmagio ̦Ȅ๞੫͈૶࿻̜́ͥ Lillian ͈ຳ̜̭́ͥ

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ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ̦͂฻ྶ̳ͥȃȁDimmagio ͉αΠ΢θ୽௔ͅਲ̱̹߳ࢃȄ໘֥໶‫༹ͬࢌ׳‬၌ဥ̱̀ఱ‫ͬڠ‬௾ު̳ͥ͂ΨȜ·τȜ͈ఱ‫͙ૺ֭ͅڠ‬ͺις΃ঃͬ୺ࢲȃLillian ͂ࠫँ̱ Maria ̞̠͂੫͈ঊ̦୆̦ͦͥ͘Ȅ
New York ́ค੉̱̞̹ͬ̀๞੫ً͈‫̥̦ͤͩݲ‬Ȅ̹͘๞ً͈༷ࠣ͜෩͂ັ̧ࣣ̠̠̈́̽͢ͅ
֮̀‫ͅۼ૽̈́ܨ‬་ͩͤ༆‫ݳ‬ȃDimmagio ͉ฎআ࣢৾ංࢃȄজၛఱ‫̢̦̹̞̀ޗ́ڠ‬Ȅ৐ᮽ̱ȄΨȜκϋΠ́फ़‫ ͈̯́ͥͦ͘ٺ‬ĳ ා‫ߗ͉ۼ‬ฒ̯̞͂ͦ̀ͥȃম࠯̞̾̀ͅ Chronicle ͅश̞̹̽̀
ૂ༭̥ͣ Dimmagio ̦Ȅࡔঊႁอഩਫ਼͞ୋऺٛ২̞̹͂̽ ƣ ౷‫̥ͣݩ‬ၞ్̳͈ͥ͜ Ƥ ͈໾ङͬ‫ݥ‬͛̀‫ڰ‬൲̱̞̀ͥऒ့ࠏ͈۪‫ޏ‬౬ఘȨChildren of the Planetȩ͈֥̜֚́ͤȄȨa crazed idealist, a
believer in a cause, a person who had dreamed of changing the worldȩ(191) ̜̠͂ͥ͢ͅȄଲ‫͈ٮ‬་‫ࡉྪͬڟ‬Ȅ̷଼͈ਖ͈̹͉͛ͅ਀౲ͬ஖̞͊̈́ၑே৽݅৪̜̭̦̥̹͈̜́ͥ͂ͩ̽́ͥȃমૂͬ౶̹̽ Sachs ͉ Dimmagio ͈߄ͬྚཌ૽̹͂̈́̽ Lillian ͅള̳̹͛ͅ΃ςέ΁σΣͺ࣐̩͒ȃȁ൚ட͈̭̦͂̈́ͣ Lillian ͅࢡփഎ̢̹ࠞͣͦͅ࿫͉̥̹̦́̈́̽Ȅ‫̈́ྥܗ‬൳‫̦ݳ‬௽̩̠̻ͅ
Sachs ͉ Dimmagio ͈ა໲ͬඋ͚‫ܥ‬ٛͬ঵̾ȃ̷͉ͦȄυΏͺ̥ͣ֊ྦྷ̧̱̹̀ξΘμࠏ͈ྫଽຸ৽݅৪ Ale[ander Berkman ͅ‫̳ͥ۾‬ა໲̜̹́̽ȃུ͈ಎ́ȄBerkman ͉ ĲĹĺĳ ා͈ഘࣙΑΠρͼ΅͈षͅႻ൱৪̥࢜̽̀ͅอ༼̵̯̹঩ུ‫ ̜ͥ́ز‬Frick ͬ਺́ྍफ़̱̠͂͢দ͙̀ఫ༛̯ͦ Ĳĵ ාߺྩਫ਼ً̮̱́ȄPrison Memoirs of an Anarchist ͬ੥̧Ȅ੄ਫ਼ࢃ͉ͺ΢Ȝ΅ΑΠࠏ͈ॠধ Mother Earth ͈༎ਬͬ Emma Goldman ͂ྩ͛Ȅ̜̬̩͉ͅ๞੫‫ވ‬ș࣭‫ٸ‬೏༶̈́ͤͅυΏͺ࣐̩̦͒Ȅࡖ྽̱έρϋΆ๓ාͬ௣ͤडࢃ͉਺́൮̻ͬࠢา̞̀ুफ़̱̹͂ત̯̞ٚͦ̀ͥȃDimmagio ͈ა໲̥ͣ Sachs ͉Ȅ๞̦Ȅȶ̜ͥࠁ৆͈ଽহഎཕႁ͉ͅൽඃഎୃ൚଻̦̜ͥ͂૞̲̀ȷ
(252) ̤ͤȄཕႁ͞Ξυͬယ෇̳ͥࣉ̢༷̞̹̭ͬ͂̽̀͂ͬ౶ͥȃȁȁȁ ͘ ̹ȄSachs ͉ȄDimmagio ͂ ͈ ੄ ٛ ̞ ͅ ͉ȄȨa kind of cosmic attractionȩ
Ȩthe pull of someine[orable forceȩ(252) ̦൱̞̹͈̜́ͤȄ̷͈ຈட଻ͬ‫ږ‬૞̳ͥȃSachs ͂๞͉‫ུܖ‬എ͉ͅ൳̲༷̞̤࢜ͬ࢜̀ͤȄུ૽࢛̱̞̠̀ͥ͜͢ͅͅȄ੄̞༷̦֑̞ٛ̽̀ͦ͊࿻૽̹̥̈́ͦ͜ͅ
̱̥̹͈̜ͦ̈́̽́ͥȃDimmagio ͉໶আ̱͂̀Ȅ̹͘ Sachs ͉ಭ໶‫ܝ‬๰৪̱͂̀ၛા͉։̈́ͥ
͈͈͜Ȅඵ૽͂͜αΠ΢θ୽௔ͅ‫۾‬ဓ̷̧̱̥̫̱ͦͬ̽̀ͅ൳̲ࣉ̢ͅঢ̹̥̜̽ͣ́ͥȃWe’d both become writers, we both knew that fundamental changes were needed ȝ but whereas I
started to lose my way, to dither around with halfassed articles and literary pretentions, Dimmagio
kept developing, kept moving forward, and in the end he was brave enough to put his ideas to thetest. It's not that I think blowing up logging camps is a good idea, but I envied him for having theballs to act.(252)ȁ̷͉ͦ ƣ ‫̹̳̥͛ͥͅة‬ঐུ֚൲̥̱̹̭̦͂ྫ̩Ȅً‫ ݲ‬ĲĶ ා‫̺̹ۼ‬໲߉ͬ࡞̧̹̽̀ Ƥ ̺̫͈ু໦ͬȶܺ஝৪ȷ̱͂̀౹̲Ȅ࿐ऺะन֥਽ฑਫ਼͈บ෫࣐և͉ۜ૤̱̞͈͈̈́͜Ȅ̷͈‫ۼ‬Ȅ

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Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

ૺ‫̱ا‬ஜͅૺ͙௽̫̞̹̀ Dimmagio ͅ Sachs ̦૤ଜ̱̞̩̀ίυΓΆ̜̹̽͜ȃȁ൚੝͉ȄDimmagio ̞̾̀ͅ੥̩̭͂́Ȅྵ్̹ͬ̽๞ͬȨ୆̥̱ȩ๒‫̹̺̬༵̽ͤ̾ͥͬ͜ظ‬ȃ
̱̥̱ Sachs ͉̜ͥ඾౶૽̥ͣ૸̳̹ͬ֯͛ͅ๲͍ࣺ̺ͭࡣུ‫ؚ́‬Ȅুಠ͈ The New Colossusͬࡉ̥̫ͥȃ̷̦͉ͦ͜͞౗͜ဳུ̱̦̩̹͈ͣ̈́̈́̽ ƣ ༢ા Ƥ ͅ౾̥̞͈ͦ̀ͥͬࡉ̹͈́
̜ͥȃ̷͈শ๞͉Ȅུͬ੥̩̭͈͂ྫփྙ̯ͬএ̞౶ͥ͂൳শͅȄུ͈ນঞͅຝ̥̞ͦ̀ͥ‫ܗ‬ྥ̦ͭ́͠ͅຝ̥̞ͦ̀ͥুဇ͈੫૰௨ͬࡉ̞̠̻̀ͥͅȄুဇ͈੫૰௨͈τίς΃ͬষșͅบ෫ْ̱̞̩̀ࠗͬএ̞̩͈̺̾ȃ̷͉ͦȄȨNot only would I be using it to carry out Dimaggio’s
work, but I would be using it to e[press my own convictions, to take a stand for what I believed in, tomake the kind of difference I had never been able to make before. All of a sudden, my life seemed tomake sense to me.ȩ  ̷̱̀ȨI felt free again, utterly liberated by my decision.ȩ  ̜̠͂ͥ͢ͅȄౙͅ‫ܟ‬ષ͉̩́̈́ Dimmagio ଼̦̱ଛ̧̬̠̱̞̹̭͂̀͂ͬ֨͢ࠑ̪̭̜͂́ͤȄ̱̞͉̀ু໦͈‫ږ‬૞̳̭ͥ͂ͬນྶ̳࣐ͥև̜̹́̽͜ȃ̽͂͞୆̧ͥփ݅ͬࡉ̞̺̱̹ Sachs
͉Ḙ͈̏ષ̞̈́ࢨ໛ۜ́ྖ̹̯͈̜ͦͥ́ͥȃȁ৘͉ Sachs ͉Ȅ୆̧̹̥̳ͦ͂ͣ́͘ͅบ౮͂૬̞‫̠̞̹̜̦͂̽ͤͩ۾‬୭೰̞̈́̽̀ͅ
ͥȃ๞͉ ĲĺĵĶ ා Ĺ ࠮ ķ ඾ͅ୆̤ͦ̀ͤ͘ȄুͣͬȨAmerica’s ¿rst Hiroshima babyȩ(ĳĶ) ̜̞͉ͥȨthe ¿rst white man to draw breath in the nuclear ageȩ(ĳĶ) ͂ࡤ͍ȄEnola Gay ͈ໜ̥ͣ Fat Man( ̭͉ͦಿॄͅൎ‫ࡔ̹̯ͦئ‬ঊบ౮́Ȅࢩോͅൎ‫ ͉͈̹̯ͦئ‬Little Boy ̜̦́ͥȄै৪̦Ⴄঃ
എম৘ͬࢋ෇̱̞̀ͥ ) ̦ൎ‫̹̯ͦئ‬শͅ୆̢̹̭̜ͦ͂ͬ̀͘‫̞̱ͥ̀಺ޑ‬ȃ๞̷͉̠̳ͥ
̭͂́Ȅƣ ু໦͈শయ͈‫۾ͬ૸ুູͅޔ‬ဓ̵̯ Ƥ (27) ̀ȄȨOnce we acquired the power to destroy
ourselves, the very notion of human life had been altered; even the air we breathed was contaminatedwith the stench of death.ȩ(ĳĸ) ͂੆͓̞̠̀ͥ͢ͅȄࡔบ͈̠̈́͢૽႒ͬ෫྽̹̳̠ͬͣ̈́͜͢
໌‫̦ز࣭ͬܕ‬ਫ਼ခ̳̠ͥ̈́ͤ͢ͅȄ૽႒̦ঘ͂ႋ̵ࣣͤͩ́୆̧̠̹ͥ̈́̽͢ͅশయ͈‫̱ͧޔ‬̯ͬ‫̜͈̹̱ͥ́಺ޑ‬ȃȁĲĺĹĹ ා ķ ࠮ Ĳķ ඾ͅ΂Χͼ΂ਗΗȜϋήσ͈व฻ਫ਼ஜ́Ȅ̷̹͈͘ ķ ඾ࢃ͉ͅȄβϋΏσαΣͺਗΘϋΨȜΈ̷̸́ͦͦুဇ͈੫૰͈τίς΃̦บ෫̯̹ͦȃ̹̺ুဇ͈੫૰̦࣭‫͈ز‬Ώϋδσ̜̹̭̥́̽͂ͣ๡฻͈୊̦ષ̦ͥȃै຦ಎ͜ͅ੥̥̞̠ͦ̀ͥ͢ͅȄ؉ș̱̀ͅࢡ͘
̱̩̞࣭̈́‫͈ز‬Ώϋδσ̱̥̫̹͂̀̾͊ͬͣͦͤઘ̥̹̳̭̜࣭ͦͤͥ͂ͥ͜‫͉͂ܠ‬։̈́ͤȄুဇ͈੫૰͉ȄଽহഎͼΟ΂υΆȜ಼ͬ‫̱ק‬Ȅ̱̥͜‫ܛ‬བ͞ྦྷ৽৽݅ȄুဇȄ༹͈‫͈ئ‬໹൝ͬা̳͈̜́ͤ͜Ȅྔ૽ͅՔ̯͈̜ͦͥ́ͥ͜ȃ̷ͦ࡬Ȅুဇ͈੫૰͈บ෫࣐և͉๱ඳ͈చ
ય̹͈̜͂̈́̽́ͥȃȁ̷͈ ĲĲ ඾ࢃ͉ͅζ΍ΙνȜΓΛΜ́൳အ͈บ෫ম࠯̷̦̜͈ͤশ̥ͣȄুဇ͈٢૽͈ྴ
́ȄȨȦWake up, America,ȧ. . . It's time to start practicing what you preach. If you don't want any morestatues blown up, prove to me that you're not a hypocrite. Do something for your people besides building− 231 −

ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ

them bombs. Otherwise, my bombs will keep going off. Signed : The Phantom of Liberty.ȩ  ͂Ȅͺις΃ͅచ̱ܺ஝ͬ͛͞Ȅบ౮ͬैͤ୽௔̳̭̠ͬͥ͂ͬ͛ͥ͢͞୊ྶ̦੄̯ͦͥȃΞυςΑΠ͈୊ྶ໲͉͂։̈́ͤඊ౯എ༷֚́͜എͅྫၑ̈́ါ‫̩̫̳̈́́ͩͥͬ͜ݥ‬ȄȨDemocracy is
not a given. It must be fought for every day, or else we run the risk of losing it.ȩ(243) ͈̠͢ͅȄఉ̩͈૽ș̦̳̲̞̹̭́ۜ̀͂ͬͅ୉੥͈ဖ࡞৪͈̠͢ͅࢊ̹͈̜̽́ͤ͜Ḙ͈̏୊ྶոࢃȄুဇ͈٢૽͉Ȅ২̹̞̳ٛͥͅ‫ޞ‬ր͂ࡉ̳̈́๡฻എ̈́ࡉ༷͚̱ͤͧ͢͜‫͍ࡤͬۜވ‬ఱਤ͈ΪȜυȜ͂ࡉ̳̈́ࡉ༷̦੄ই͛Ȅ২࡛ٛય‫̱̳ͣا‬Ȅ‫ޗ‬͈ٛ୰‫͞ޗ‬૧໳͈২୰́৾ͤષ̬ͣͦͥȃুဇ͈٢૽ T ΏλΜ͞ΨΛΐ́͘์ค̯ͦͥȃSachs ু૸Ȅু໦̦২ٛͅဓ̢̹‫͈ޣג‬ఱ̧̯ͅ‫̩ޥ‬ȃȁĲĺĹĺ ා͈੉ȄPeter ͉ഛհ࿝ম࠯́ಎ࣭͈ྦྷ৽‫׋ا‬൲͈‫ڠ‬୆̹̻̦Ȅഛհ࿝ࢩાͅুဇ͈੫
૰͈τίς΃ͬै̷͈ͤαȜσ̞ͬ৾̽̀ͥા࿂ͬΞτΫ́‫̳͂ͥͅ܉‬Ȅ٨͛̀ুဇ͈੫૰͈
঵̾Ώϋδσ̱͈͂̀փྙ͂ႁͬ౶̭ͥ͂̈́ͥͅȃ̷̱̀ ƣ ٢૽̷̦͈փྙͬ໘‫̵̹̯͛ͥڰ‬ͅਹါ̈́࿨‫ ̹̞̱̹̀ضͬڬ‬Ƥ (245) ̭͂ͅ‫̧̿ܨ‬Ȅ٢૽̽̀͢ͅ‫̹̫ͦͣ̾ͬغ‬ଲ‫͈ٮ‬૧̱̞൲̧ͬ৘̳ۜͥ͂൳শͅ Sachs ͈̭͂ͬএ̞຾̥͓̹͈̜́ͥȃȁSachs ͉‫̹̱఺ܦ‬༆௝́ߘட Peter ̞̳͓ٛ̀ͬͅდ̱̹ࢃȄĲı ώ࠮୆̧̀ু໦ͬ‫͛܄‬౗͜٢ِ૽̦̞̠́̈́͢ͅȄ̹͘௷୥ͬॼ̴̯ͅ಴ͬ‫̭͂ͥͅݲ‬ळ૤͈ಕփͬ໡̞̦̈́ͣ੫૰
௨ͬ෫ٟ̱௽̫̹ȃ̷͈‫ۼ‬ȄȨThe world went through e[traordinary changes in those ten months.
The Berlin Wall was torn down, Havel became president of Czechoslovakia, the Cold War suddenly
stopped.ȩ  ̜̠͂ͥ͢ͅ൐؎́‫݅৽ॲވ‬ఘଷ̦༲ٟ̱Ȅଲ‫͉ٮ‬ఱ̧̈́་‫͈ڟ‬෨͙ࣺ֩͘ͅ
ͦͥȃࠫޫ๞͉ȄĲĺĺı ා ķ ࠮ ĳĹ ඾ͅ;ͻΑ΋ϋΏΰুบ̱Ȅ‫ ̩̱͜ܗ‬Thoreau ͂൳̲ ĵĵ प́ঘཌ̳ͥȃ̷͉ͦ၂‫ئ‬ম࠯ࢃȄठ୆̱ठષઌ̱̠͂͢௷ோ̞̞̹̀ Sachs ͈डਞഎ̈́၂‫́ئ‬̜̹̽ȃȁ̭̭́ιΛΓȜΐ଻ͬ঵̹̽บ౮ΞυςΑΠ̱͂̀ȄSachs ͂‫ވ‬೒ത̦̜ͤȄুဇ͈‫଻ࡏܓ‬ͬఘ࡛̳ͥ৘ह͈ΞυςΑΠ̱͂̀ȄThe Unabomer ̞̾̀ͅ࡞‫̞̹̱ݞ‬ȃ೒ઠ The Unabomer͂͊ͦͥ͢ Dr Theodore John Kaczynski (1942~ ) ͉ȄĲĺĵĳ ාͅΏ΃Ό́୆ͦ͘Ȅ๲͍‫̱̀ͬݭ‬ΧȜΨȜΡఱව‫ڠ‬ȄηΏ΄ϋఱ‫́ڠ‬ฎআ࣢ͬ৾ං̱ȄĳĶ प́ΨȜ·τȜ͈੩‫ޗ‬਎̹̈́̽ͅତ
‫͈ڠ‬ഛध̜̹́̽ȃ̱̥̱ ĳ ා́ΨȜ·τȜͬৃ͛ͥ͂ȄThoreau ̱̩ͧ͢κϋΗ΢ਗςϋ΃Ȝϋ͈૽ၖၗͦȄഩ‫͜ܨ‬କൽ̞̭̈́͂ͧ͜ͅ઀‫̀̀࠺ؚͬ‬ਯ͙ই͛ͥȃ̭̭́๞͉บ౮ͬैͤȄĲĺĸĹ ා̥ͣ ĲĺĺĶ ා̥̫̀ͅ Ĳķ ͈ٝบ෫ম࠯̭̱̞̩ͬܳ̀ȃࢲ͈ࠢచય̦ఱ‫ߗߗ̥࣎ڠ‬ٛ২̜̹̭̥́̽͂ͣȄUniversity and Airline Bomber ͬၞ̱̀ The Unabomer ͂ࡤ̹͊ͦȃࢃ‫͈ܢ‬บ෫͉́ Ĵ ྴ͈ঘ৪͜੄̞̀ͥȃ๞͉บ౮ͅ FC ̞̠͂ͼΣΏλσͬॼ̱̞̹̦̀Ḙ͉̏ͦࢃͅ Freedom Club ͈ၞ̜̭̦́ͥ͂ྶ̥ͣ̈́ͤͅȄ๞̹͘͜๞͈̈́ͤুဇ͈ౝ‫ݥ‬৪̜̹̭́̽͂
̦ྶ̥ͣ̈́ͥͅȃȁĲĺĺĶ ාͅ๞͉ȄThe New York Times ͂ The Washington Post ͅ Unabomer’s Manifest ͬ௣ͤḘ̏− 232 −

Paul Auster, Leviathan ̤̫ͥͅুဇ͈փྙ̞̾̀ͅ

ͦͬࠇश̳ͥ̈́ͣบ෫͉ৃ͛ͥ͂୹࡞̳ͥȃ̷ͦͬश̵̹ၰ૧໳২͉๱ඳ̯̹̦ͦȨ̷̦̏ͦ̽
̥̫͂̈́̽̀ȄKaczynski ͉ఫ༛̯̹͈̜ͦ́ͥȃζΣέͿΑΠ͉Ȅॲު‫ͅۼ૽̥̞̦ͅྵڟ‬෫྽̹̱̹̥̞̠ͬͣ͂͜ιΛΓȜΐ̥ͣইͥ͘ȃ੥̧੄̱͈໐໦͉ո‫͈ئ‬೒̜ͤ́ͥȃ
1. The Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race. They
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have led to widespread psychological suffering (in the Third World to physical suffering as well)
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greater damage on the natural world, it will probably lead to greater social disruption and psycho
logical suffering, and it may lead to increased physical suffering even in "advanced" countries.
ȁոષ͈̠͢ͅȄ๞͉Ξ·ΦυΐȜ͈ૺജ̦Ȅুட‫ͅٮ‬ΘιȜΐͬဓ̢Ȅ̷̦ͦ২ٛ͞૽႒
ͅ՛‫৽̭̞̱͖ͬ͂ͥ̀ݞͬޣג‬ಫ̱̞̀ͥȃThoreau ో̥ͣইͤ͘ȄĲĺķı ාయոࣛ Rachel
Carson ൝ͤ͢ͅૺ̧̹۪͛ͣͦ̀‫ޏ‬༗ࢌ‫׋‬൲͉Ȅड߃͈ΏȜΏͿΩȜΡ̈́̓ͅࡐಠͅນ̞ͦ̀
̠ͥ͢ͅȄFBI ͞ Scotland Yard ͈ΞυςΑΠঐ೰౬ఘͅྴͬႲً͇̞۪̀ͥࠣ̈́‫ޏ‬༗ࢌ౬ఘ͜
੄̧࡛̱̞̀̀ͥȃLeviathan ͈ಎ́ȄDimmagio ̦ୋऺਫ਼͈‫۾‬Ⴒঔ୭ͬบ෫̱Ȅ۪‫ޏ‬෫ٟ৪ͅచ̱̀਀౲ͬ஖̴͊ࢯ݈̱̞̹͈̀͜ͅয̞̀ͥȃȁPaul Auster ͈ Leviathan ̦੄ๅ̯̹͈͉ͦȄĲĺĺĳ ා͈̈́́Ȅ̷͈ष͉̺͘ͅ The Unabomer ͈ୃఘ͉ྶ̥̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́ȃๆ૽͈࢓༞͉ͅȄThomas Pynchon ͈̠̈́͢ै‫̹̞̦̀̽͢ݷ͜ز‬̠̜́ͥȃႲ௽บ෫̞̠͂ത͞ȄζΣέͿΑΠͬ੄̱̀Ȅ࡛యଲ‫̦ٮ‬ශ‫ͅة‬ఉ̩͈ྭ੖ͬ༴̢Ȅఉ̩͈૽ș̦ߎ̱̞̥ͭ́ͥஶ̢Ȅ̜֚ͥ೰௄͈‫ͬۜވ‬ං̞̀ͥതȄ̹͘ઁ̩̈́͂͜൚੝͉
ঘ৪̦੄̞̥̹̀̈́̽ത̈́̓ȄSachs ͈ুဇ͈੫૰Ⴒ௽บ෫ম࠯͂‫ވ‬೒̳ͥത͜ఉ̞ȃ̱̥̱
Sachs ͉୲చͅঘ৪͉̻͈̭ͧͭ͂͜໅ੱ৪ͬ੄̯̞̭̈́͂ͅ૤ͬ෻̞̹͈̽̀ͅచ̱̀ȄThe
Unabomer ͉ Ĵ ྴ͈ঘ৪ͬ੄̱̞̱̀ͥȄဒͤ͜ͅඊ̦͈ͤͤ͢৽ಫ̜̹̹́̽͛ͅࢩ̩ఱਤ
͈঑঵ͬ਋̫̭͉̥̹ͥ͂̈́̽̈́̓ఱ̧̩։̞̈́̽̀ͥȃ̹͘Ȅ̞ͩͥ͠ΟͻȜί΀΋υΐȜ̦Ȅ౷‫̭̠ͬ͂ݣͬݩ‬ల֚ͅࣉ̢Ȅ૽‫ۼ‬ಎ૤എ̈́ࣉ̢̞͈ͬ͂ͣ̈́ͅచ̱̀ȄSachs ͂̽̀ͅȄ̽͂͜͜࿹୶̧̳͓̭͉͂Ȅ૽‫ু͈̀̽͂ͅۼ‬ဇ͈̜̈́́ͥȃȁȁ၂‫ئ‬ম࡬ͬࠀ‫̱̀͂ܥ‬୆̧༷͈ഢ۟‫ ̢̹ࠞͬܢ‬Sachs ͉Ȅࡢ૽̥ͣুဇͬญ్̱̜̹̾̾̽ͺις΃̞̠࣭͂‫ͅز‬ၛ̻̥̞࢜Ȅ̹͘ශ‫ু͈૽ࡢͅة‬ဇ్̦̹ͩͦેఠ̜͈̥ͥͅ૽șͅࢩ̩౶̱̹ͣ͛ͥ͛ͅȄ໰̧̠༷̈́ুဇ͈યಭ̜́ͥ The Statue of Liberty ͈τίς΃ͬบ෫̳ͥ
̞̠͂਀౲̹͈̜ͬ͂̽́ͥȃুဇ͈੫૰ུఘ͉̩́̈́τίς΃ͬบ෫̱̹͈͉Ȅ๞͉͂̽̀ͅͺις΃ুఘ̦Ȅ໰̞໤Ȇܺ஝͂‫̭̹̱͂ͅا‬చ̳ͥ๡฻̦̜̹͈̜̠̽́ͧȃSachs ͈࣐− 233 −

ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါև͉Ȅࡢ૽͈ুဇͬ৿̹ͥ͛Ȅ࣭‫ͅز‬చ̱࣭̀‫͈ز‬Ώϋδσ͈෫ٟ࣐ևͬॽ‫̫ڥ‬Ȅুဇ్̤ͬ
̠̳͂ͥ‫ݴ‬ఱ̈́ࡀႁ̜࣭́ͥ‫ͅز‬฽‫ͅވཱུ̳͂ͬܠ‬Ȅ࣭ྦྷͅచ̱̀૯͈ুဇ̦‫̞̯̥ͥ̀ͦޞ‬࡛ેͬஶ̢Ȅ‫̹̫̥ͬྵ͈ͣু̷̳̠̭͍ͥ͂ܳࡤͬۜވ‬দ͙̜̹͈̺́̽ȃ४ࣉ໲ࡃ
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઀ന‫ ܖ‬.ȁȸ ƣ ুဇ͈੫૰ Ƥ ໤ࢊȹ, એ໲২Ȅ1999ȅΆΞσζϋȄΜόͻ . ౻ന౺࿫ ,ȸ‫ڳ‬൥͈֚ଲ‫ ܮ‬ʊʊ υΏͺƦξΘμ૽͈‫ྵ׋‬ȹ. ΍ͼζσ੄ๅ , 1997ȅΦȜΠϋȄιͺςȜȆαΑ .ȁུന஻௮۬ਘ ,ȸ ͺις΃͈Ⴄঃ˒Ƚ႖୽ఘଷ̥ͣ 21 ଲ‫͒ܮ‬ȹ. २જ൴ ,ຩ࿤‫ގ‬আ .ȁȸ΀΋ȆΞυςΒθ ʊ ًࠣ‫׋ޏ۪̳ͥا‬൲͂ͺις΃͈ඤ̈́ͥΞυȹ. ဢஂ২ ,ȁ2009ȅಿ๶ၨ֚ .ȁȸςό͹ͼͺ΍ϋ ʊ ߃య࣭‫͈ز‬এே͂Ⴄঃȹ. ࣒౴২ ,ȁ1994ȅ
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