2006 年 3 月 9 日
FASID JPO村田あす香

FASID・UNDP・JBIC
共催

国際開発援助動向研究会
第 50 回会合の議事録

１．日

時：平成 18 年 3 月 2 日（木）12：00～14：00

２．場

所：国際協力銀行

開発金融研究所

大会議室

３．発表者：Ms. Kathleen Cravero(UNDP Assistant Administrator and Director for Bureau for
Crisis Prevention and Recovery: BCPR)
４．議

題：UNDP's Strategy on Crisis Prevention and Recovery

５．出席者：

from Peace-Building to Natural Disaster Prevention
39 名

６．議事：
6.1

DASU の活動
・今後の会合（予定）：第 51 回会合
日時：平成 18 年 4 月中旬

場

所：FASID

発表者：大野泉

12:00～14:00

千代田会館 5 階

第 1 研修室氏（政策研究大学院大学議教授）

題：無償資金協力の有効性向上にむけて－包括的な経済協力政策の形成を－（仮）6.2 Today’s Presentation
Taking advantage of the occasion of Ms. Cravero’s visit to Japan, FASID, UNDP andJBIC jointly organized a seminar with Ms. Cravero’s presentation on BCPR. TheBureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, established in 2001, is the youngest Bureauof UNDP. It was established as the in-house mechanism driving development responseto crisis and post-conflict situations through strengthening UNDP Country Officecapacity. The main part of the presentation of Ms. Cravero, UNDP Assistant
Administrator and Director for BCPR, was on UNDP and on BCPR’s activities, using
some examples in post-disaster and post-conflict countries. A discussion on reforms andthe future of the UN followed.

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(1) About UNDP
UNDP is the UN's global development network, an organization advocating for change
and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build abetter life. UNDP is on the ground in 166 countries, working with them on their own
solutions to global and national development challenges. As they develop local capacity,
they draw on the staff of UNDP and our wide range of partners.
UNDP has five geographic bureaus and four cross-cutting global bureaus 1)management, 2) strategic partnership and resource mobilization, 3) development policyand 4) crisis prevention and recovery (CPR). UNDP focuses on 5 key areas: 1) reducing
poverty, 2) environment, 3) democratic governance 4) HIV/AIDS and 5) crisis prevention
and recovery.
UNDP’s focus on crisis prevention and recovery comes from the realization of thevarious linkages between crisis and development. Increasing numbers of man-made andnatural disasters continue to erase development progress. The losses that they incur
exceed the limited development gains achieved so far. 56% of low development countries,classified by the Human Development Index, experienced civil war since 1997, andthere are 20-25 million internally displaced people. Long-term consequences of conflicts
include landmines and the proliferation of small arms. Additionally, there is anincreasing recognition of the role of development in CPR environments, as mentioned in
the Brahimi Report of 2000 and in the UNDP Executive Board paper of 2001. The newUNDP Administrator also considers CPR as a major area of work for UNDP.

UNDP

has a particularly relevant role to play since it is present in the country before, during
and after crisis as a credible and impartial partner with a long term relationship withnationalactors.

Moreover,

UNDP

has

historicalperspectives

andin-depth

understanding of contexts as well as flexible financing instruments that allow for rapid
disbursement of funding to post-crisis countries.
UNDP highly values the partnership with Japan, focusing on peace building andhuman security and collaborating in countries both in post-conflict and post-disastersituations. Certainly, financial assistance is important. However, as important as thefinancial partnership is the policy and substantive partnership built with the Japanese
government and institutions, such as the Asian Disaster Reduction Centre in Kobe. It isvery critical for UNDP to have partners like Japan who are constantly innovating andwilling to take risks to further development gains.
(2) About BCPR
The core purpose of BCPR is to advance peace and development by strengthening
capacities to prevent and recover from crisis. It embraces values of respect, commitment,partnership, excellence and leadership in order to pursue its long-term goal of2

transforming UNDP into a global leader in crisis prevention and recovery. Therefore,
BCPR supports UNDP by strengthening country office capacity, mainstreaming CPR
into development programming, bringing UN peace-building and development efforts
together, and linking relief and development.
For BCPR, two main areas of work: 1) prevention and risk reduction; and 2) recovery.
BCPR’s prevention work seeks to address the development dimension of conflict
prevention, reduce the risk and impact of natural disasters, build the capacities ofnational actors and facilitate and convene consensus-building processes. Key challenges
related to prevention consist in finding the appropriate entry point in a given country
and ensuring the sustainability of institution-building efforts. BCPR’s recovery workseeks

to secure a sustainable and nationally-owned recovery process and to provide

technical assistance in key areas that include disarmament, demobilization andreintegration, mine action, small arms and armed violence reduction, livelihoods andearly economic recovery, and justice and security sector reform. Key challenges related
to this area include the need to ensure the early inclusion of development considerations
into humanitarian activities, and to put national actors in the “driver’s seat” as soon as
and as fully as possible. It is important in both areas to agree on a coherent andcoordinated approach within the UN and among international actors in light of country
priorities.
(3) Reforms and the Future of the UN
There are four major areas for reforms; firstly, it is important to strengthen the resident
coordinator (RC) and humanitarian coordinator (HC) systems through better training
and selection, among other measures. Secondly, it is necessary to create innovative
funding mechanisms to fill the gap between humanitarian and development activities.
Humanitarian money comes quickly (within weeks) while development funding takes
months to negotiate and disburse. Thirdly, regarding the Peacebuilding reforms, thePeacebuilding Commission was approved by the General Assembly in December 2005,
while the Peacebuilding Support Office and the Standing Fund for Peacebuilding are in
the process of being established. In this context, the work of UNDP, and specifically
BCPR, will be more important than ever. Lastly, there is the Secretary General’shigh-level Panel on UN System-wide Coherence, which will look at a wide range ofreforms to improve UN effectiveness.
The challenges are great, but the potential to make a difference are also great. The UN
tries to improve the credibility and action in collaboration with a wider range ofpartners, including the government and the people of Japan.
Question and Answer<Q1> Donors are more ready to finance relief action after disasters than to financecrisis prevention. How do you raise funds for crisis prevention?
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<A1> it is very hard because you are asking for support to make something not happen,
and it is very difficult to measure the result and to make causal connections between
actions you took and the fact that the disaster/conflict did not happen. As has beensuggested, it is a much more efficient development action to prevent a crisis than todeal with its consequences. A good example of UNDP’s prevention work is in Guyana
where elections have historically been violent. In preparation for the coming election
this year, UNDP initiated a series of prevention activities, starting early last year,
which will hopefully help reduce the level of social polarization and violence. Early
signs indicate that the coming elections might be less violent this year.
<Q2> How do you determine the budget for crisis prevention?
<A2> It is difficult to determine since the potential budget for prevention is limitless.
Our approach so far is that we judge our own capacity and the capacity of our country
offices and realistically calculate the budget based on the number of countries,
processes and institutions that we will be able to effectively support. As indicated by thenew UNDP Administrator, crisis prevention is an area where the organization willfurther develop its capacity both at global and country levels.
<Q3> What is the definition of recovery?
<A3> It differs from case to case. In the case of the post Tsunami countries, specific
recovery activities focused on restoring people’s identity, through the restitution ofproperty rights and the provision of livelihoods, among others. In the case of Sudan, thedemobilization and reintegration of young men is a challenging recovery activity thatentails the acceptation of ex-combatants back into their communities and the provisionof skills and livelihoods to help them readjust to society.
<Q4> Are there any standard packages for resident coordinators at country level toprevent natural disaster?
<A4>
There is a disaster management training programme for UN country teams. The UN,
led by UNDP and OCHA, is in the process of establishing a certification system for UN
country teams.
UNDP, along with other UN agencies, is working on further developing risk assessment
tools. In addition, UNDP is placing disaster management experts in many disasterprone countries as a way to build the capacity of both UNDP country offices andnational counterparts in this important area.

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