Light Source in 2012
We started the commissioning of the UVSOR-III in
the middle of June. It took two weeks to succeed in
the beam storage, which was unusually long. We
found that the injection efficiency strongly depends
on the machine parameters such as betatron tunes.
The reason of this is still under investigation. Until
the end of July, we had operated the storage ring withhigh beam current for vacuum conditioning. Finally,
we started the users operation from the beginning ofAugust. However, during the users beam time, we
observed sudden beam losses by a few milliamperes
or a few tens of milliampere. Although its frequency
is getting lower, we still observe them. Presumably
this may due to the dust trapping phenomena. During
this shut down, we broke the vacuum system and leftthem for a few weeks. This might cause this.
In the fiscal year 2012, we operated UVSOR-III
from June to March, for 32 weeks for users, although
we operate for 36 weeks usually. This shorter
operation period was due to the long shutdown for the
upgrade program. We operated the machine for 30
weeks in the multi-bunch top-up mode, in which thebeam current was kept at 300 mA, and 2 weeks in the
single-bunch/multi-bunch hybrid mode, in which themachine is operated in single-bunch top-up mode
during daytime and in the multi-bunch top-up mode
during nighttime. The monthly statistics of theoperation time and the integrated beam current are
shown in Fig. 1.

1. Status of UVSOR Accelerators
In spring 2012, we made a major upgrade in which
all the bending magnets were replaced with combinedfunction ones. An in-vacuum undulator and a pulse
sextupole magnet for a novel injection scheme werealso installed. The reconstruction works was finisheduntil the middle of June, which was delayed by anaccident on the injection septum magnet during thebaking.
The storage ring has eight straight sections. After
this upgrade, the ring of about 50m circumference has
six undulators. Other two straight sections were used
for the RF system and the injection septum. Thus,
there is no space reserved for undulators. After thisupgrade, we have started to call the machineUVSOR-III.

Fig. 1. Undulators in UVSOR-III.

Fig. 3. Monthly statistics in FY2012.
The weekly operation schedule is as follows. On
Monday, from 9 am to 9 pm, the machine is operated
for machine studies. On Tuesday and Wednesday,from 9am to 9pm, the machine is operated for users.
From Thursday 9am to Friday 9pm, the machine isoperated for 36 hours continuously for users. Thus,
the beam time for users in a week is 60 hours. Usually,
we have a few weeks dedicated for machine study,
however, in 2012, we did not have them to keep thebeam time for users.
In this fiscal year, we had a few troubles on theFig. 2. New In-vacuum Undulator for BL4U STXM
Beamline.

9controlled. It was proved that the system was quit
powerful during the commissioning. We could get
useful information, such as the betatron tunes, theenergy mismatching between the beam transport line
and the storage ring and so on, before the beamstorage.

injector, malfunctions of switching modules of the
klystron pulse modulator and a trouble of the highvoltage cable. Fortunately, in all cases the beamtime for users could be secured by extending theoperation time in the same weeks.
2. Improvements and Developments
Beam Injection with Pulse Quadrupole Magnets
A novel injection scheme using a pulsed sextupole
magnets was tested. During the shutdown, a vacuum
duct for an injection kicker magnet was replaced to becompatible with the sextupole magnet. The magnet
was designed by a graduate student from Nagoya
University and the construction and the fieldmeasurement was finished until the end of March.
For the test operation, the kicker magnet was
replaced with the sextupole magnet, temporally. We
succeeded in injecting the beam during the firstmachine study time. After a few times of the machinestudies, the injection efficiency was around 20 %,which should be improved in near future [1].

Design Study on the Reconstruction of BL5U
Polarization Variable Undulator
The undulator for BL5U was designed andconstructed in 1996 to provides polarization variable
synchrotron radiation to the BL5U beam-line and also
to work for the resonator free electron laser as an
optical klystron. Since a new optical klystron has
been constructed and installed last year at the straightsection #1, we have decided to remodel this undulator
to a normal undulator with higher brightness.
Currently the undulator has three magnet arrays oneach pole to produce helical and horizontal linear
polarized light. We are going to change this magnetic
configuration to the APPLE-II one with a shorter
period length, 60 mm as utlizing the present
mechanical frame. The remodeling will be carried out
in March 2014 together with an upgrade of thebeam-line.

Turn-by-turn Beam Position Monitor System
We designed and constructed a turn by turn beam
position monitor (BPM) system, which is very usefulfor the commissioning of the storage ring [2]. Sincesuch a system is not necessary in the daily operation,
we developed a conventional system. The signals
from the pick-up electrodes of the BPM’s were sent toa digital oscilloscope through a signal switchingsystem constructed by a co-axial relays remotely[1] Y. Hida et al., in this report.
[2] K. Hayashi et. al., in this report.
Masahiro KATOH

10(UVSOR Facility)

UVSOR Accelerator Complex
Injection Linear Accelerator

Booster Synchrotron

EnergyLengthFrequency
Accelerating RF Field
Klystron Power
Energy Spread
Repetition Rate

EnergyInjection
Frequency
Circumference
RF Frequency
Harmonic Number
Bending Radius
Lattice
Betatron Tune㻌 Horizontal
㻌 Vertical
Momentum Compaction
Repetition Rate

15 MeV
2.5 m
2856 MHz2ʌ/3 Traveling Wave
1.8 MW~1.6 MeV
2.6 HzUVSOR-III Storage-Ring
Energy750 MeV
Injection Energy
750 MeV
Maximum Storage Current 500 mA (multi bunch)
100 mA (single bunch)Normal operation current 300 mA (multi bunch)(Top-up mode)
50 mA (single bunch)
Natural Emittance
17.5 nm-rad
Circumference
53.2 mRF Frequency
90.1 MHz
Harmonic Number
16
Bending Radius
2.2 m
Lattice
Extended DBA㽢4
Straight Section(4 m㽢4)+(1.5 m㽢4)
RF Voltage
120 kV
Betatron Tune
3.75
㻌 Horizontal
3.20
㻌 Vertical
Momentum Compaction 0.030
Natural Chromaticity-8.1
㻌 Horizontal-7.3
㻌 Vertical
Energy Spread
5.26㽢10-4
Coupling Ratio
1%
Natural Bunch Length
128 ps

750 MeV
15 MeV
32 mA (uniform filling)
26.6 m90.1 MHz
8
1.8m
FODO㽢815 MeV
Linear
Accelerator
750 MeV
Booster
Synchrotron

2.25
1.25
0.138
1 Hz (750 MeV)

BL5B
BL6U
BL5U
BL1U

BL6B

BL7U

BL4B
3rd
Harmonic cavity
Main Cavity

BL7B

BL4U
750 MeVElectron
Storage Ring
BL3B
BL3U

BL8B
BL1B
BL1U

BL2B

BL2A

Electron Beam Optics of UVSOR-III Storage Ring
50

1

30

0.6

20

0
0

10

20
30
Position (m)

40

0.3
Vx

Vy

V'x

V'y
0.25

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.15

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.05

0

0

0.4

10

0.6
0.5

V (mm)yKx

Kx

Ex, Ey

x

E

0
0

50

11

10

20
30
Position (m)40

50Horizontal/verticalelectron beam sizeand beam divergences

V' (mrad)40

Horizontal/verticalbetatron functions
and dispersion function
0.8

EBrilliance (Photons/sec/mrad2/mm2/0.1%b.w.)

Insertion Device
Brilliance of radiationfrom the insertion devices(U3, U4, U5, U6 and U7)
and a bending magnet
of UVSOR-III

20

10

UVSOR-III
17.5 nm-rad, 300mA, 1% Coupling
18

10

U3

U7(Planar)
U7 (Helical)

U4

16

U6

10

U5(Helical)
14

U5(Planar)

1012

Bending magnet

10

10

10

1

10

100

1000

10

4

Photon Energy (eV)U3 In-vacuum Undulator
Number of Periods
Period length
Pole Length
Pole Gap
Deflection ParameterU6 In-vacuum Undulator
50
38 mm
1.9 m
15-40 mm2.0-0.24

Number of Periods
Period length
Pole Length
Pole Gap
Deflection Parameter

U4 In-vacuum Undulator
Number of Periods
Period length
Pole Length
Pole Gap
Deflection Parameter

26
36 mm
0.94 m13-40 mm
1.78 - 0.19

U7 Apple-II
Variable Polarization Undulator
Number of Periods
40
Period length
76 mmPole Length
3.04 mPole Gap
24-200 mm
Deflection Parameter
5.4 (Max. Horizontal)
3.6 (Max. Vertical)
3.0 (Max. Helical)

50
38 mm
0.99 m13-40 mm2.4-0.19

U5 Helical Undulator/ Optical Klystron
Number of Periods
Period length
Pole Length
Pole Gap
Deflection Parameter

21 / 9+9 (Opt. Kly.)
110 mm2.35 m30-150 mm
4.6-0.07 (Helical)
8.5-0.15 (Linear)

Bending Magnets
Bending Radius
Critical Energy

12

2.2 m
425 eVBeamlines in 2012
beamline in 2013.
A supplementary budget for upgrading the UVSOR
facility has been approved in the winter of 2012.
The supplementary budget includes the cost for the
upgrade of the undulator U5, and for the constructionof a new soft X-ray beamline at BL5U and aspin-resolved photoemission experimental setup. As
a new undulator for BL5U, an Apple-II type with theperiod length of 60 mm, whose total length is about
2.5 m, is chosen. The spectral region from 20 eV to200 eV will be covered with the first and higher
harmonic radiation. Concerning the monochromator
at BL5U, a variable-included-angle Monk-Gillieson
mounting with an entrance slit-less configuration,
which is the same as those installed at BL4U and
BL6U, has been selected.
The spin-resolved
photoemission setup will be equipped with ahigh-resolution hemispherical electron energy
analyzer with a highly efficient Mott detector. In
pursuit of realizing photoemission experiments withvery high spatial resolution, a specially designed
post-focusing mirror system is planned to be
introduced, where a small beam spot at the sample
position (less than 10 Pmin diameter) will beachieved.
The practical construction of thebeamline is scheduled to begin in the spring of 2014
and the beamline commissioning will follow. BL5U
will be open to users in the autumn of the same year.
In order to promote beamline upgrades anddevelopments of new experimental techniques byusers, a new research proposal category named, the“long-term project proposal”, has been introduced in2012. The available period of this proposal category
is three years. Two proposals, one on BL3B and theother on BL2B, have been accepted.
Further
discussion toward formulating a basic plan on thebeamline construction with users, will be continued.
All users are required to refer to the beamline
manuals and the UVSOR guidebook (the latest
revision in PDF format uploaded on the UVSOR web
site in June 2010), on the occasion of conducting theactual experimental procedures. Those wishing to
use the open and in-house beamlines arerecommended to contact the beamline master (seenext page), respectively. For updated information of
UVSOR, http://www.uvsor.ims.ac.jp.

It has been widely recognized that the UVSOR
facility is one of the highest brilliance light sources inthe extreme-ultraviolet region among synchrotron
radiation facilities with electron energy less than 1
GeV, after the successful accomplishment of the
upgrade project on the storage ring (UVSOR-II
project). As described in the previous section,
further improvement on the emittance was scheduled
in 2012, by replacing all of the bending magnets with
newly designed combined-function magnets. ThisUVSOR-III project has been successfully completed,and the emittance was reduced from 27 to 17 nm-rad.
Eight bending magnets and five insertion devices
are now available for utilizing synchrotron radiation
at UVSOR. There has been a total of twenty
operational beamlines in 2012, which are classified
into two categories. Nine of them are the so-called"Open beamlines", which are open to scientists ofuniversities and research institutes belonging to thegovernment, public organizations, private enterprises
and those of foreign countries. The rest of the threebeamlines are the "In-house beamlines", and are
dedicated to the use of research groups within IMS.
We have one soft X-ray station equipped with adouble-crystal monochromator, seven extreme
ultraviolet and soft X-ray stations with a grazing
incidence monochromator, three vacuum ultraviolet
stations with a normal incidence monochromator, one
infrared (IR) station equipped with Fourier-Transform
interferometers, as shown in the appended table (nextpage) for all available beamlines at UVSOR in 2012.
“Development and Application of Light Source
Technology Based on Electron Storage Ring andLaser” proposed by the UVSOR machine group was
accepted in 2008, as a research program in “Quantum
Beam Technology Project” conducted by MEXT/JST.
In connection, the straight section U1 is now used forgenerating coherent THz and VUV radiation, where
two beamlines have been constructed.
BL4U has been newly constructed in 2012. The
installation of the beamline components including ascanning transmission soft X-ray microscope(STXM) has been started during the shutdown term
before the summer of 2012, and the commissioning of
BL4U has been initiated in the autumn of the same
year. The first STXM data has been successfully
obtained in December 2012. BL4U will open tousers in June 2013, immediately after the shutdown
term. BL2B, which has long been utilized as an
in-house beamline, will be reorganized as an open

Eiji SHIGEMASA (UVSOR Facility)

13

Beamlines at UVSOR
Beamline

Monochromator /Spectrometer

BL1U

Free electron laser

BL1B

Martin-Puplett FT-FIR

BL2A

Double crystal

BL2B*

18-m spherical grating(Dragon)

BL3U*

Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)

BL3B

2.5-m off-plane Eagle

Energy Range

Targets

Techniques

Contact
M. Katohmkatoh@ims.ac.jp

1.6 - 13.9 eV

0.5 - 30 meV

585 eV - 4 keV

24 - 205 eV

60 - 800 eV

1.7 - 30 eV

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

S. Kimura

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

N. Kondo

Gas

Photoionization
Photodissociation

H. Katayanagi

Gas
LiquidSolid

Absorption
Photoemission
Photon-emission

N. Kosugi

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

Absorption(Microscopy)

T. Ohigashi

kimura@ims.ac.jp

nkondo@ims.ac.jp

kata@ims.ac.jp

kosugi@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)
Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)

130 - 700 eV

Gas
LiquidSolid

Photoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission

E. Shigemasa

25 eV - 1 keV

Gas
Solid

BL5U

Spherical grating(SGM-TRAIN†)

Solid

Photoemission

M. Sakai5 - 250 eV

BL5B

Plane grating

Solid

Calibration
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

BL6U*

Variable-included-angle
varied-line-spacing
plane grating

Gas
Solid

Photoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission

E. Shigemasa

BL6B

Michelson FT-IR

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

S. Kimura

BL7U

10-m normal incidence(modified Wadsworth)

Solid

Photoemission

M. Matsunami

BL7B

3-m normal incidence

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

BL8B

Plane grating

Solid

Photoemission

S. Kimura

BL4U

BL4B

6 - 600 eV

30 - 500 eV

3 meV - 2.5 eV

6 - 40 eV

1.2 - 25 eV

1.9 - 150 eVohigashi@ims.ac.jp

sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

sakai@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

kimura@ims.ac.jp

matunami@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

kimura@ims.ac.jp

Yellow columns represent undulator beamlines.
*
In-house beamline.
†
Spherical grating monochromator with translating and rotating assembly including normal incidence mount.

14

BL1U
Free Electron Laser
The free electron laser (FEL) at UVSOR-II is being moved to a dedicated long straight section (S1). The FEL
is equipped with a variably polarized optical klystron of 3 m in length and an optical cavity of 13.3 m in length.
By using various multilayer mirrors for the cavity, the FEL can provide coherent light in a wide wavelength
range from 800 nm to 199 nm. The pulse duration is typically several tens of picoseconds. The repetition rate isapproximately 11 MHz. The average output power depends on the wavelength but its typical value is several
hundred milliwatts. Output power higher than 1 W was recorded at 230 nm and 570 nm. The FEL can be
operated in top-up injection mode. Users can use the FEL for several hours with quasi-constant output power.
The laser pulses are naturally synchronized with the synchrotron radiation pulses that are provided at othersynchrotron radiation beamlines. The laser beam can be transported to the beamlines using a mirror system forpump and probe experiments if requested.
13.3 m optical cavity

B1

B8

U1 Herical Undulator

Cavity mirror

Cavity mirror
Fig. 1. Schematic of the 13.3 m-long optical cavity.

Fig. 2. Left and right circularly polarized FEL
being delivered to B4 for an application
experiment.

Fig. 3. The FEL is delivered to BL7B. The FEL isirradiated on a target simultaneously with the SR .

FEL Specifications
Wavelength
Spectral band width
Polarization
Pulse rate
Max. average power
Cavity type
Cavity length
Cavity mirror

199-800 nm~10-4
Circular/linear
11.26 MHz
~1 W
Fabry-Perot
13.3 mHfO2, Ta2O5, Al2O3 multilayer

15

BL1B
Terahertz Spectroscopy Using Coherent Synchrotron Radiation
Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is a powerful light source in the terahertz (THz) region. This beamline
has been constructed for basic studies on the properties of THz-CSR. However, it can be also used formeasurements of reflectivity and transmission spectra of solids using conventional synchrotron radiation.
The emitted THz light is collected by a three-dimensional magic mirror (3D-MM, M0) of the same type as
those already successfully installed at BL43IR in SPring-8 and BL6B in UVSOR-III. The 3D-MM was installed
in bending-magnet chamber #1 and is controlled by a 5-axis pulse motor stage (x, z translation; Tx, Ty, Tz
rotation). The acceptance angle was set at 17.5-34 degrees (total 288 mrad) in the horizontal direction. The
vertical angle was set at r40 mrad to collect the widely expanded THz-CSR.
The beamline is equipped with a Martin-Puplett type interferometer (JASCO FARIS-1) to cover the THz
spectral region from 4 to 240 cm-1 (hQ = 500 PeV-30 meV). There is a reflection/absorption spectroscopy (RAS)
end-station for large samples (a several mm). At the RAS end-station, a liquid-helium-flow type cryostat with aminimum temperature of 4 K is installed.

Fig. 1. Schematic top view of the beam extraction partoftheTHz-CSRbeamline,
BL1B.
The
three-dimensional magic mirror (3D-MM, M0) and aplane mirror (M1) are located in the bending-magnet
chamber. A parabolic mirror (M2) is installed to form aparallel beam. The straight section (BL1U) is used forcoherent harmonic generation (CHG) in the VUVregion.

Fig. 2. Obtained intensity spectra with the
combination of a light source (UVSOR),
interferometer (FARIS-1), and detectors (Sibolometer and InSb hot-electron bolometer).

Beamline Specifications
Interferometer

Martin-Puplett (JASCO FARIS-1)

Wavenumber range(Energy range)

4-240 cm-1
(500 PeV-30 meV)

Resolution in cm-1

0.25 cm-1

Experiments

Reflection/transmission spectroscopy

Miscellaneous

Users can use their experimental system in thisbeamline.

16

BL2A
Soft X-Ray Beamline for Photoabsorption Spectroscopy
BL2A, which was moved its previous location as BL1A in 2011, is a soft X-ray beamline for photoabsorption
spectroscopy.

The beamline is equipped with a focusing premirror and a double-crystal monochromator [1].

The monochromator serves soft X-rays in the energy region from 585 to 4000 eV using several types of single
crystals, such as -Al2O3, beryl, KTP (KTiOPO4), quartz, InSb, and Ge. The throughput spectra measured usinga Si photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) are shown in Fig. 1. The typical energy resolution (E / E) of themonochromator is approximately 1500 for beryl and InSb. There are no experimental setups that are specific tothis beamline, except for a small vacuum chamber equipped with an electron multiplier (EM) detector.
Photoabsorption spectra for powdery samples are usually measured in total electron yield mode, with the use of
the EM detector.
[1] Hiraya et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63 (1992) 1264.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the double-crystal

Fig. 2. Side view of BL2A.

monochromator at BL2A.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Double crystal monochromator

Monochromator crystals:

-Al2O3 (22.53 Å, 585–1609 eV), beryl(15.965 Å, 826–2271 eV),

(2d value, energy range)

KTP(10.95 Å, 1205–3310 eV), quartz(8.512 Å, 1550–4000 eV),

(7.481 Å, 1764–4000 eV), Ge(6.532 Å, 2094–4000 eV)

InSb
Resolution

E/E = 1500 for beryl and InSb

Experiments

Photoabsorption spectroscopy

17

BL2B
Beamline for Gas Phase Photoionization and Reaction Dynamics
This beamline has been developed to study ionization, excitation, and decay dynamics involving inner-valence
electrons, 2p electrons of the third row atoms, and 4d electrons of the lanthanides. The monochromator is aspherical grating Dragon type with 18-m focal length. High throughput (1 × 1010 photons s-1) and high resolution(E/E = 2000 - 8000) are achieved simultaneously under the condition of the ring current of 100 mA [1]. The
optical system consists of two pre-focusing mirrors, an entrance slit, three spherical gratings (G1 - G3), twofolding mirrors, a movable exit slit, and a refocusing mirror [2]. The monochromator is designed to cover theenergy range of 23–205 eV with the three gratings: G1 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 18 m) at 80–205 eV; G2 (1200lines mm-1, R = 18 m) at 40–100 eV; G3 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 9.25 m) at 23–50 eV. The percentage of thesecond-order light contamination at h = 45.6 eV is 23% for G2 or 7% for G3.
We have been measuring the yield curves of various fullerene ions [3]. Geometrical structures and electronic
properties of fullerenes have attracted widespread attention because of their novel structures, novel reactivity,and novel catalytic behaviors as typical nanometer-size materials. However, spectroscopic information was very
limited in the extreme UV region, owing to difficulties in acquiring sufficient sample amounts. This situation has
rapidly changed since the start of this century, because the techniques related to syntheses, isolation, andpurification have advanced so rapidly that an appreciable amount of fullerenes can now be readily obtained.
[1] M. Ono, H. Yoshida, H. Hattori and K. Mitsuke, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 467-468 (2001) 577.
[2] H. Yoshida and K. Mitsuke, J. Synchrotron Radiation 5 (1998) 774.
[3] J. Kou, T. Mori, Y. Kubozono and K. Mitsuke, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7 (2005) 119.

Fig. 1. 18 m spherical grating

Fig. 2. End station of BL2B for gas phase

monochromator at BL2B.

spectroscopy of refractory materials.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

18 m spherical grating Dragon-type

Wavelength Range

6-55 nm; 24-205 eVResolution

2000–8000 depending on the gratings

Experiments

Mass spectrom.; photoelectron spectrosc.; momentum imaging
spectrosc.; e--ion coincidence spectrosc.; fullerene beam source

18

BL3U
Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy
The beamline BL3U is equipped with an in-vacuum undulator composed of 50 periods of 3.8 cm period length.
The emitted photons are monochromatized by the varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM)
designed for various spectroscopic investigations in the soft X-ray range including soft X-ray emission studies.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings are designed to cover the photon energy range from60 to 800 eV. The beamline has two endstations, namely, XES setup and multi-purpose setup. The XES setup is
used for soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The beam is horizontally focused onto the sample position by aplane-elliptical mirror, M2X. In the multi-purpose setup, the beam is focused by the toroidal mirror M2.
Between the sample position and M2, the differential pumping is placed.



S0

 

    
S1X

in-vacuum
plane undulator

M0: Cylindrical
R=47.253 m

M1: Spherical G: VLSP
R=88.826 m

sample176°

M2X: Plane-Elliptical
r1=11.7 m
r2=0.5 m      M2: Toroidal
R= 81.65 m
 = 37.23 mm

S1sample

176°
700
0

5300

3100
6000

400
9100

2203
9500

G

   

S0

500
11703

M2X

800
12203

13003

14603

S1X

sample

176°

177°

1600

173°

M1

S1

M0

M2

sampleFig. 1. Schematic layout (left) and the photography (right) of the BL3U. The distances along the beam from thecenter of the in-vacuum plane undulator are shown in millimeters. S1X and M2X can be replaced with the otherexit slit S1 so that experiments can be carried out at either the XES or the multipurpose endstation. In the XES
setup, the sample is placed 5–10 mm downstream of S1X.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator

Energy Range

60-800 eVResolution

E / E > 10 000

Experiments

Soft X-ray spectroscopy (XPS, XES, XAS)

Beam Size

Gaussian shape(XES Endstation)

Vertical 5-20 m; Horizontal 41 m (FWHM)

19

BL3B (HOTRLU)
VIS-VUV Photoluminescence and Reflection/Absorption Spectroscopy
BL3B has been constructed to study photoluminescence (PL) in the visible (VIS) to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)
region. This beamline consists of a 2.5 m off-plane Eagle type normal-incidence monochromator, which covers
the VUV, UV, and VIS regions, i.e., the energy (wavelength) region of 1.7-31 eV (40-730 nm), with threespherical gratings having constant grooving densities of 1200, 600, and 300 l/mm optimized at the photon
energies of ~20, ~16, and ~6 eV, respectively. The schematic side view and top view layouts are shown in Figs.
1(a) and 1(b), respectively. The FWHM of the beam spot at the sample position is 0.25 mm (V) u 0.75 mm (H).
Low energy pass filters (LiF, quartz, WG32, OG53) can be inserted automatically to maintain the optical purity
in the G3 (300 l/mm) grating region (1.7~11.8 eV). Figure 2 shows the throughput spectra (photon numbers at abeam current of 300 mA) for each grating with entrance and exit slit openings of 0.1 mm (resolving power E /'E of ~2000 (G3, ~6.8 eV)). Since both slits can be opened up to 0.5 mm, a monochromatized photon flux of1010 photons/s or higher is available for PL measurements in the whole energy region.
The end station is equipped with a liquid-helium-flow type cryostat for sample cooling and two detectors; oneof which is a photomultiplier with sodium salicylate and the other a Si photodiode for reflection/absorption
measurement. For the PL measurements in the wide energy region from VIS to VUV, two PL monochromators,
comprising not only a conventional VIS monochromator but also a VUV monochromator with a CCD detector,
are installed at the end station.

9

Photon Number (x10 /s/300mA)

3.0

(b)

(a)

2.5

G3
G2
G1

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

0

10

20

30

Photon Energy (eV)Fig. 1. Schematic layout of the BL3B (a) side view and (b)top view.

Fig. 2. Throughput spectra for each grating(G1:1200 l/mm, G2:600 l/mm and G3:300l/mm) with S1 = S2 = 0.1 mm.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator-2.5 m normal-incidence monochromator

Energy range

1.7-31 eV (40~730 nm)

Resolution ('hQ/ hQ)

t 12000 (at ~ 6.9 eV, 0.02 mm slits, G1 (1200 l/mm)

Experiments

Photoluminescence, reflection, and absorption spectroscopy,
mainly for solids

20

40

BL4U
Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy in the Soft X-ray Region
In the soft x-ray region, there are several absorption edges of light elements and transition metals. The nearedge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) brings detailed information about the chemical state of target
elements. A scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) in the soft X-ray region is a kind of extended
technique of the NEXAFS with high spatial resolution. The STXM has a capability of several additional options,for example, in-situ observations, 3-dimensional observation by computed tomography and ptychography, byutilizing the characteristics of the X-rays. The STXM can be applied to several sciences, such as polymer science,material science, cell biology, environmental science, and so on.
This beamline equips an in-vacuum undulator, a varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator and afixed exit slit. The soft X-ray energy range from 130 to 700 eV with the resolving power (E/'E) of 6,000 (as ofMarch 2013) is available. The aperture size of the fixed exit slit determines not only the resolving power but also
the size of a microprobe. A Fresnel zone plate is used as a focusing optical device through an order selectaperture and its focal spot size of ~30 nm (as of March 2013) is available at minimum. An image is acquired bydetecting intensities of the transmitted X-rays by a photomultiplier tube with scintillator with scanning a sample
2-dimensionally. By changing the energy of the incident beam, each 2-dimensional NEXAFS image is stacked. A
main chamber of STXM is separated from the beamline optics by a silicon nitride membrane of 100-nm
thickness; therefore, sample folders can be handled in vacuum or in helium.
X-ray

Slit

ToroidalmirrorPlane mirror
and Grating

Fixed
exit slit

Cylindricalmirror

STXM

Fig. 1. Schematic image of the STXM beamline, BL4U.
Fresnel zone plate
Order sorting aperture
Photo multiplier tube
with scintillator

Monochromatized X-ray

SampleFig. 2. Schematic image of the STXM.

Beamline Specifications
Energy range (E)130 -700 eVResolving power (E/'E)~6000

Focusing optical element

Fresnel zone plate

Spatial resolution~30 nmExperiments

2-dimensinal absorption spectroscopy

Measurement environment

standard sample folder in vacuum or in helium,
specially designed sample cell in ambient condition

21

BL4B
Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy
The beamline BL4B equipped with a varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM) wasconstructed for various spectroscopic investigations in a gas phase and/or on solids in the soft X-ray range.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings with SiO2 substrates are designed to cover the photon
energy range from 25 to 800 eV.

The gratings with groove densities of 100, 267, and 800 l/mm cover the

spectral ranges of 25–100, 60–300, and 200-1000 eV, respectively, and are interchangeable without breaking thevacuum.

Fig. 1 shows the absolute photon flux for each grating measured using a Si photodiode (IRD Inc.),with the entrance- and exit-slit openings set at 50 and 50 m, respectively.

The maximum resolving power(E/E) achieved for each grating exceeds 5000.

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

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Fig. 2. Photo of BL4B.

Fig. 1. Throughput from the VLS-PGM
monochromator on BL4B.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

25-1000 eVResolution

E / E > 5000 (at maximum)

Experiments

Soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly, angle-resolved photoion spectroscopy forgaseous targets and photoelectron spectroscopy for gaseous and solid targets)

22

BL5U
Photoemission Spectroscopy of Solids and Surfaces
This beamline is designed for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of solids and surfaces withhorizontal-linearly and circularly (CW, CCW) polarized synchrotron radiation from a helical undulator.

Thebeamline consists of a Spherical Grating Monochromator with a Translational and Rotational Assembly
Including a Normal incidence mount (SGM-TRAIN) and a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission
spectrometer.
The SGM-TRAIN is an improved version of a constant-length SGM that aims at realizing the following
points: (1) covering the wide energy range of 5–250 eV, (2) high energy resolving power, (3) use of linearly andcircularly polarized undulator light, (4) reduction of higher-order light, and (5) two driving modes (rotation andtranslation of gratings) by computer control. The second-order light is well suppressed using laminar profile
gratings and combinations of mirrors and gratings.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra from the SGM-TRAIN monochromator at BL5U.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

SGM-TRAIN

Energy Range

5-250 eVResolutionh / E > 2,000 for < 40 m slits

Experiment

ARPES, AIPES, XAS

Flux<1011 photons/s for <40 m slits(in the sample position)

Main Instruments

Hemisphericalphotoelectron

analyzer(MBS-Toyama

A-1),

of

LEED

reverse‘Peter’type(OMICRON), Liq-He flow cryostat(5-400 K)

23

Fig. 2. High-resolution angle-resolved
photoemission apparatus at BL5U.

BL5B
Calibration Apparatus for Optical Elements and Detectors
BL5B has been constructed to perform calibration measurements for optical elements and detectors. This
beamline is composed of a plane grating monochromator (PGM) and three endstations in tandem. The most
upstream station is used for the calibration measurements of optical elements, the middle one for opticalmeasurements for solids, and the last for photo-stimulated desorption experiments. The experimental chamber at
the most downstream station is sometimes changed to a chamber for photoemission spectroscopy. The
calibration chamber shown in Fig. 2 is equipped with a goniometer for the characterization of optical elements,
which has six degrees of freedom, X-Y translation of a sample, and interchanging of samples and filters. These
are driven by pulse motors in vacuum. Because the polarization of synchrotron radiation is essential for suchmeasurements, the rotation axis can be made in either the horizontal or vertical direction (s- or p-polarization).

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra for possible combinations ofFig. 2. A side view of the experimental

gratings and mirrors at BL5B measured by a gold mesh.

chamber for calibration measurements.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

6-600 eV (2-200 nm)

Resolution

E / E500

Experiments

Calibration of optical elements, absorption of solids, photo-stimulated
desorption from rare-gas solids

24

BL6U
Variable-Included-Angle VLS-PGM for Molecular Soft X-Ray
Spectroscopy
The beamline BL6U equipped with a variable-included-angle Monk-Gillieson mounting monochromator witha varied-line-spacing plane grating was constructed for various spectroscopic investigations requiringhigh-brilliance soft X-rays in a gas phase and/or on solids. Through a combination of undulator radiation andsophisticated monochromator design (entrance slit-less configuration and variable-included-angle mechanism),using a single grating, the monochromator can cover the photon energy ranging from 30 to 500 eV, withresolving power of greater than 10000 and photon flux of more than 1010 photons/s. Figure 1 shows an exampleof the monochromator throughput spectra measured using a Si photodiode, with the exit-slit opening set at 30
Pm, which corresponds to the theoretical resolving power of 10000 at 80 eV.

Throughput spectra of the BL6U (Gap=13 mm, Slit=30Pm)

Flux(Photons/s/100mA:PD-AXUV100G)

1E13

3rd

1E12

5th

1st
1E11

DE 168q
DE 170q
DE 172q
DE 174q

1E10

1E9

1E8

1E7
30

100

Photon energy(eV)Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the BL6U monochromator atvarious included angles.
Fig. 2. Photo of BL6U.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Variable-included-angle Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

40-500 eVResolution

E / 'E ! 10000 (at maximum)

Experiments

High-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly photoelectron spectroscopy forgaseous and solid targets)

25

BL6B
Infrared and Terahertz Spectroscopy of Solids
Synchrotron radiation (SR) has good performance (high brilliance and high flux) not only in the VUV and soft
X-ray (SX) regions but also in the infrared (IR) and THz regions. BL6B covers the IR and THz regions. The
previous beamline, BL6A1, which was constructed in 1985, was the pioneer in IRSR research. The beamline
was deactivated at the end of FY2003 and a new IR/THz beamline, BL6B (IR), was constructed in FY2004. The
front-end part including bending duct #6 was replaced with a new part having a higher acceptance angle (215
(H) u 80 (V) mrad2) using a magic mirror, as shown in Fig. 1 [1].
The beamline is equipped with a Michelson type (Bruker Vertex70v) interferometer to cover a wide spectral
region from 30 to 20,000 cm-1 (hQ = 4 meV-2.5 eV), as shown in Fig. 2. There are two end-stations; one forreflection/absorption spectroscopy (RAS) of large samples (up to several mm) and the other for IR/THz
microscopy (transmission microscopy: TM) of tiny samples (up to several tens of Pm). At the RAS end-station, aliquid-helium-flow type cryostat with a minimum temperature of 10 K is installed. At the TM end-station,pressure- and temperature-dependent THz spectroscopy can be performed. A superconducting magnet with amaximum field of 6 T can be installed by the exchange with the TM end-station.
[1] S. Kimura, E. Nakamura, T. Nishi, Y. Sakurai, K. Hayashi, J. Yamazaki, M. Katoh, “Infrared and terahertz
spectromicroscopy beam line BL6B(IR) at UVSOR-II,” Infrared Phys. Tech. 49 (2006) 147.

Fig. 1. Design of the optics and front end of BL6B.

Fig. 2. Schematic top view of BL6B.

Beamline Specifications
Interferometer

Michelson (Bruker Vertex70v)

Wavenumber Range(Energy range)

30-20,000 cm-1
(4 meV-2.5 eV)Resolution in cm-1

0.1cm-1

Experiments

Reflectivity and transmission
Microspectroscopy
Magneto-optics

Miscellaneous

Users can use their experimental system in this beamline.

26

BL7U (SAMRAI)
Angle-Resolved Photoemission of Solids in the VUV Region
Beamline 7U, named the Symmetry- And Momentum-Resolved electronic structure Analysis Instrument(SAMRAI) for functional materials, was constructed to provide a photon flux with high energy resolution andhigh flux mainly for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of solids [1]. An APPLE-II-type
variable-polarization undulator is installed as the light source. The undulator can produce intense VUV light withhorizontal/vertical linear and right/left circular polarization. The undulator light is monochromatized by amodified Wadsworth type monochromator with three gratings (10 m radius; 1200, 2400, and 3600 lines/mm
optimized at hQ = 10, 20, and 33 eV). The energy resolution of the light (hQ / 'hQ) is more than 104 with aphoton flux of 1011-1012 ph/s or higher on samples in the entire energy region.
The beamline has a photoemission end-station equipped with a 200 mm-radius hemispherical photoelectron
analyzer (MB Scientific AB, A-l analyzer) with a wide-angle electron lens and a liquid-helium-cooled cryostat
with 6-axis pulse motor control (AVC Co., Ltd., i-GONIO). The main function of the beamline is to determine
the three-dimensional Fermi surface and electronic structure of solids at low temperatures and their temperaturedependence in order to reveal the origin of their physical properties.
[1] S. Kimura, T. Ito, M. Sakai, E. Nakamura, N. Kondo, K. Hayashi, T. Horigome, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, T.
Goto, T. Ejima, K. Soda, “SAMRAI: A variably polarized angle-resolved photoemission beamline in the VUVregion at UVSOR-II,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (2010) 053104.
Fig. 1. Layout (a) and photograph (b) of
the SAMRAI beamline consisting of an
APPLE-II type undulator (U7), a modified
Wadsworth type monochromator (M0-S),
and a high-resolution photoemission
analyzer at the focal point. The
monochromator has five major opticalcomponents: two plane mirrors (M0 andM1) with water cooling, one set of threespherical gratings (G), an exit slit (S), andone toroidal refocusing mirror (M3). The
spherical gratings have a radius of 10 m andare located 22 m from the center of theundulator. There is no entrance slit. S is
located 6.47 m from G. A second branch fora VUV microscope end-station is planned tobe constructed after the plane mirror (M2)located between G and S.

Beamline Specifications
Light source
Monochromator
Photon energy range
Resolution (hQ/' hQ)
Photon flux on sample
Beam size on sample
Experiments

APPLE-II type undulator (Ou = 76 mm, N = 36)vertical/horizontal linear, right/left circular
10 m normal-incidence monochromator(modified Wadsworth type)6a40 eV (O = 30a200 nm)
1 u 104-5 u 104
t 1012-1011 ph/s (depending on hQ)
200 (H) u 50 (V) Pm2
Angle-resolved photoemission of solids(MB Scientific A-1 analyzer, acceptance angle: r 18 deg)

27

BL7B
3 m Normal-Incidence Monochromator for Solid-State Spectroscopy
BL7B has been constructed to provide sufficiently high resolution for conventional solid-state spectroscopy,
sufficient intensity for luminescence measurements, wide wavelength coverage for Kramers–Kronig analyses,
and minimum deformation to the polarization characteristic of incident synchrotron radiation. This beamline
consists of a 3-m normal incidence monochromator, which covers the vacuum ultraviolet, ultraviolet, visible,
and infrared, i.e., the wavelength region of 40–1000 nm, with three gratings (1200, 600, and 300 l/mm). Twointerchangeable refocusing mirrors provide two different focusing positions. For the mirror with the longer focal
length, an LiF or a MgF2 window valve can be installed between the end valve of the beamline and the focusing
position. Fig.1 shows the absolute photon intensity for each grating with the entrance and exit slit openings of
0.5 mm. A silicon photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) was utilized to measure the photon intensity and theabsolute photon flux was estimated, taking the quantum efficiency of the photodiode into account.

Fig. 2. Photo of BL7B.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of BL7B measured using
a silicon photodiode.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

3 m Normal-Incidence Monochromator

Wavelength Range

50-1000 nm (1.2-25 eV)Resolution

E / 'E = 4000-8000 for 0.01 mm slits

Experiments

Absorption, reflection, and fluorescence
spectroscopy, mainly for solids

28

BL8B
Angle-Resolved Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrometer for Solids
BL8B is a beamline for the angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS) system, which isdesigned to measure various organic solids such as molecular crystals, organic semiconductors, and conducting
polymers. This beamline consists of a plane-grating monochromator (PGM), a sample preparation chamber witha fast-entry load-lock chamber, a measurement chamber (base pressure 1 × 10-10 Torr), a cleaning chamber (basepressure 1 × 10-10 Torr), and a sample evaporation chamber (base pressure 3 × 10-10 Torr). The cleaning chamber
is equipped with a back-view LEED/AUGER, an ion gun for Ar+ sputtering, and an infrared heating unit. The
PGM consists of premirrors, a plane grating, focusing mirror, and a post-mirror, with an exit slit. It covers thewide range from 2 to 130 eV with two exchanging gratings (G1: 1200 l/mm, G2: 450 l/mm) and five cylindricalmirrors. The toroidal mirror focuses the divergent radiation onto the sample in the measurement chamber. The
spot size of the zeroth-order visible light at the sample surface is approximately 1 × 1 mm2. Figure 1 shows thethroughput spectra of PGM (slit = 100 Am). The energy resolution at a slit width of 100 Am was found to be
E/E = 1000 in the wavelength range from 2 to 130 eV. A hemispherical electron energy analyzer of 75 mm
mean radius with an angular resolution less than 2° can be rotated around the vertical and horizontal axes. The
sample mounted on a manipulator (temperature range 14–320 K) can also be rotated around two axes.

Sample Current / A / R.C(100mA=1)

1E-8

1E-9

1E-10

GM[24]
GM[13]
GM[12]
GM[11]

1E-11

1E-12

0

20

40

60

80

100 120 140

Photon Energy / eV

Fig. 2. A photo of BL8B.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of plane-grating
monochromator at BL8B (slit = 100 Am).

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Plane-grating monochromator

Wavelength Range

9-600 nmResolution

E / E = 1000

Experiments

Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy

29