Economic Report2016 Edition

ABOUTAs the international confederationof private employment services, Ciettis the authoritative voice REPRESENTING
THE INTERESTS OF THE EMPLOYMENT AND
RECRUITMENT INDUSTRY across the world.
Founded in 1967, Ciett consistsof 49 NATIONAL FEDERATIONS of private
employment agencies and eight of thelargest staffing companies worldwide:
Adecco, GI Group, Kelly Services,
ManpowerGroup, Randstad, Recruit,
Trenkwalder and USG People.
This report is a shorter extract of thefull Ciett Economic Report. For more
extensive information check the report
online.

www.ciett.org/economicreport2016
All rights reserved © Ciett 2016

Its members provide 71.9 MILLIONWORKERS with access to the labour
market each year, 40 million of whom

work in agency work. Worldwide, OVER 1.6
MILLION PEOPLE WORK IN AN EMPLOYMENT ORRECRUITMENT AGENCY.
Ciett’s main objective is to help its
members conduct their businesses in a
LEGAL AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT that is
positive and supportive.
Ciett is divided into six regionalorganisations: Africa/Near East,
Northern Asia, Southern Asia, North
America, South America [CLETT&A], andEurope [Eurociett].

CONTENT

1

FOREWORD

ANNEMARIE MUNTZ
Ciett President

PAGE 4

2

ENABLINGWORK

ENABLING
ADAPTATIONDENIS PENNEL
Ciett Managing Director

PAGE 8

PAGE 123

4ENABLING
SECURITY

PAGE 14ENABLING
PROSPERITYPAGE 18

FOREWORD

Dear reader,
I am proud to present the Ciett Economic Report 2016. This annual
flagship publication provides a good opportunity to take stock of
our industry and our own organization. 2015 has been a good year.
Our industry has continued to grow, in depth but also in scope.
Our industry offers a wide range of HR services, including thosethat Ciett focuses on today: agency work, recruitment, career
management and RPO/MSP.
While each of these HR services have their specificities, theemployment and recruitment industry in general plays a positiverole on the labour market. There are four main areas where wehelp to enable the labour market. The employment and recruitment
industry enables work, adaptation, security andprosperity. This benefits companies, workers, andThe employment andthe labour market in general.

ANNEMARIE MUNTZ
Ciett President

4 / Ciett / 2016 Economic Report

We make a strong contribution to the future of work
debate - not least by providing the facts and figures
about our industry in this report. The employment
and recruitment industry is helping companies andworkers to adapt to the 21st century challenges
facing the labour market. Changing demographics
paired with shifting demand for skills, digitizationand the online economy are just a few of these. In
the face of all this, we confidently say we are:recruitment industry
enables work,
adaptation, security
and prosperity.

Dear reader,
Welcome to this 2016 edition of the Ciett Economic report, the mostcomprehensive factbook on the employment and recruitment industry atinternational level. This edition of the report tells a story of continuity as
well as change. As in previous years, the report gives you an overview of theperformance of various aspects of our industry: The number of workers who
find access to the labour market after intermediation by a recruitment andemployment agency – 71.9 million people in 2014! The
The Ciett Economic
turnover of the industry across the globe, which totaled
450 billion euro. And as always, there is much more data toreport is the mostbe found in the report. I invite you to browse through it andcomprehensive factbook find out for yourself.

on the employment andrecruitment industry atinternational level.

DENIS PENNEL

Ciett Managing Director

There are two new elements in this edition of the Ciett
Economic Report. The first is the different way that we
structure the data. In 2015, we decided to organize the data
based on the four areas where our industry adds value:
enabling work, adaptation, security and prosperity. All our
activities support one or more of these. So it is only logicalthat we would use these four areas to structure the reportthat gives a comprehensive overview of the industry.

The second change is the medium we chose to present
this message. The digital and online world has a profound
impact on the way that our industry develops, and therefore
we decided to also bring the economic report online. This hard copy offers you
an insight into only a small selection of data. For a full overview of the report,
please visit www.ciett.org/economicreport2016. This will make it easier for you,the reader, to browse the content in full, and to share and repost it more easily.
If you have any questions after reading the report, don’t hesitate to contact the
Ciett secretariat at info@ciett.org.

2016 Economic Report / Ciett / 5

EMPLOYMENT &RECRUITMENT
INDUSTRY IN
2014-2015
The employment andrecruitment industry is
LEADING IN A CHANGINGWORLD OF WORK.
It does so by acting as
enablers of the labour
market, offering a rangeof HR services: agency
work, recruitment,
outplacement, and RPO/
MSP services.

OUR INDUSTRY:
1

ENABLES WORK

Each year we help 71.9 MILLIONPEOPLE on the labour market(67.2 million of whom in AW).
Agency work alone accounts for
1.6% of the labour market.

3

ENABLES SECURITY

On average, before entering into
agency work 30% of people wasunemployed, while afterwards

ONLY 11% GOES BACK TOUNEMPLOYMENT.

Similarly, 43% of people starting
agency work was employed
before, while 71% remain in
employment.

2

ENABLES ADAPTATION

The world of work is changing,
and we support more than
5 MILLION COMPANIES each year
to deal with those changes, as well as
training 4.9 million workers throughour industry each year to help themsucceed on the labour market.

4

ENABLES PROSPERITY

Companies using agency work saw on
average 5% HIGHER TURNOVERGROWTH. On top of that, our industry
turnover is 3450 billion euro each year,
and we employ 1.6 million people within
our agencies. Thus, agencies contributesocial charges, and help keep people inemployment, saving governments thecost of unemployment benefits.

AGENCY WORK:SHARE OF SALESREVENUE:70%

TOP MARKETS BY SALES REVENUE (ALL HR SERVICES):EUROPE (INCL UK)

RECRUITMENT:

11

%

29.5%

USA

21.0%

70% OF SALESREVENUE COMES FROMAGENCY WORK.

6

10.1%

UK

RPO/MSP:OTHER:

JAPAN

9.6%

%

13%

CHINA

23.1%

GLOBAL ANNUAL SALES REVENUE:€ 450.4 BILLION (8.6 YEAR-ON-YEAR GROWTH)%PENETRATION RATES AGENCY WORK:AGENCYWORK€ 316.6 BN(12 GROWTH)%RECRUITMENT€ 48.2 BN

RPO€ 27.2 BN

OTHER€ 55.6 BN

1.8%

2.0%

2.2%

1.6%

EUROPE

JAPAN

USA

WORLD

1

Agency work:

67.2 MILLIONENABLING WORK

worldwide

Employment andrecruitment industry
enables work for
71.9 million people in 2014
The employment and recruitment
industry provided access to thelabour market to 71.9 million
people, each of whom used HR
services at any point during
the year. The most significant
markets include India (27.8
million workers), the USA(14.6 million) and China (8.1
million). Europe represents about
11.3 million workers. For mostcountries, this means a moderate
growth compared to last year. In thecase of India, a revision of data has
led to a significant increase. Excluding
the Indian figures, average growth ofagency work between 2013 and 2014
is 3%.

Total number of individuals working
through HR services

CA(1)450,000

JPKR

132,000

3,133,000

INMX

27,800,000

596,000

1,730,000

70,000

CO(2)

SG(1)
75,000BR

PE(1)2,156,000

AU

ZA
69,000784,000

850,000

CL

157,500
30,0008 / Ciett / 2016 Economic ReportCN

11,320,000

14,600,000

AR
Note: Not all countries have data available on all
HR services. Missing data does not necessarily
imply that the service is not being provided in aparticular country.

8,100,000

EUR

US

NZ
Source: Ciett national federation members, 2014.

24.9%

58.3%

1.2%

1.9%

13.3%

NORTH AMERICA

ASIA/PACIFIC

AFRICA

SOUTH AMERICAEUROPE

94,000FI

102,000

NO(1) Data 2013
(2) Data 2012
(3) Data 2011

184,000
6,000

EE

SE

329,000

2,000
38,000

RU

LV
8,000

DK

LT(3)

112,000

701,000

IE

920,000

NL

UK
BE

4,189,000

614,000

839,000

PL

DE(1)22,000280,000

CZ

LU
408,000

CH

FR

SK(2)

AT
SI(3)

2,051,000

50,00064,000211,000

63,000

HU(1)
HR(1)

RO

(1)

121,000

NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS WORKING THROUGH
AGENCY WORK

9,000

NUMBER OF PLACEMENTS THROUGHRECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES

20,00077,000BG(1)IT352,000

PT(3)466,000

ES
496,000

MK(1)GR
14,00030,000TR(1)NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OUTPLACED BYPRIVATE EMPLOYMENT SERVICESNUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL WORKERSRECRUITED AND MANAGED THROUGH RPO
ACTIVITIESTOTAL2016 Economic Report / Ciett / 9

1

ENABLING WORK

Agency work has recovered
after the crisis

1.6%

World average
penetration rate:

World: Agency work penetration rate,
Evolution in key markets 1996-2014
2005-2013

Agency work still represents thebiggest part of the employment andrecruitment industry. After a dip
during the global economic crisis since2007, its share in the labour market
is now approaching or reaching
pre-crisis levels again in the world’s
biggest markets. The average global
penetration rate of agency work now
comes to 1.6%.

2.2%

1.8%

2.0%

4.0%

3.5%

3.0%

2.5%

US

US

2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6

2.0%

WORLD
1.5%

1.0%

JP

EUR

0.5%

10 / Ciett / 2016 Economic Report

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

0.0%

Source: Ciett national federations; ILO - ILOSTAT Database, 2013.

US 2.2% JP 2.0% EUR 1.8%

penetration rate:

Many markets relatively
stableAgency work penetration rates

Having recovered from the economiccrisis in 2013, most markets now show
minor improvements in the agency
work penetration rate. The penetration
rate globally hovers around 1.6%,
while some of the more establishedmarkets, including the US, Japanand several European countries,
show higher penetration rates. Still,
the figures illustrate how a relatively
small portion of the labour market iscurrently filled with agency work, andhow this small portion does play animportant role in enabling work formillions of people in these countries.

%
3.9% 3.7

2.7% 2.6%
2.2

%

2.1%

2.0%

2.0%
1.6%

1.4%

1.2%

1.0%

0.9%

0.9%
0.7%

0.7%
0.4% 0.4%

IE
CH AT
1.4%
BE JP1.7%
FR
DE(1) 2.0%
US

(2)

UK

AU

NL

LU

(1)
(1)
SE PL FI NO SG CZ MK IT DK EE
MA ES
%
%
%
1.1
1.3
0.9
HR AR
0.7%
NZ
0.5%

Source: Ciett national federation members 2014; ILO - ILOSTAT Database, 2014.

0.4%

0.3%
0.2%

(1) Data 2013
(2) Data 2012

0.2%
BG(2)MX(1)
0.1%
RO(1)
LT
0.3%
0.2% GRBR

2016 Economic Report / Ciett / 11

2

ENABLING ADAPTATION

Agency work contributes tolifelong learning
The employment and recruitment
industry contributes significantly toworker’s training, making sure they
have the right skills to succeed on
the labour market. Almost 5 million
workers received training through an
employment and recruitment agency,
either directly, or through a bipartite
fund, set up jointly between agencies
and trade unions. These funds ensurethat workers still build up rights
to training when they go from one
assignment to the next or even when
they go from one agency to another.

Total number ofworkers trained:

4.9 M€ 535 M

spent on training ofagency workers

Training of workers
2,780,000

1,079,113

INMX

286,389

240,000

196,108

ZA(1)

FR

IT

98,099 81,780 55,170 47,977 15,008 8,017 2,672 1,988 1,566 1,308

NLFI

RO BE CH GR(2) LU ES(1)

BR

AT

AT

NL

(1) Data 2013
(2) Data 2012

TOTAL NUMBER OF WORKERSTRAINED THROUGH EMPLOYMENT AND
RECRUITMENT AGENCIESBUDGET SPENT ON TRAINING FOR AGENCY
WORKERS IN MILLION 2.
12 / Ciett / 2016 Economic Report

FR

IT

ZA

BR

BE

CH

LU

270.0 M

166.0 M

63.7 M

16.3 M

8.9 M

3.8 M

2.0 M 1.5 M 1.3 M

IN

ES

MX

RO

0.8 M

0.5 M

0.1 M

0.1 M

Source: Ciett national federations 2014

Percentage of vacancies at the public employment service
provided by employment and recruitment agencies

While the numbers differ from one
country to another, it is clear thatpublic employment services, whose
main job it is to help unemployedprople transition into work, leanheavily on the services of employment
and recruitment agencies. This way,these agencies play an important rolein society by reducing unemployment,
while filling vacancies in companies
that are looking for talent. This
underlines the importance of efficient
cooperation between public and private
parties, not acting as competitors but
offering complementary services tojobseekers.

100%

90%

80%

70%

66%

60%

47%
50%

40%

40%

40%

Employment & recruitment
agencies are importantpartners of public
employment services

30%

30%

20%

(1) Flanders only
(2) Agency work only

10%

0%

BE(1)

NL

Source: Ciett national federation estimates

IT(2)

UK

DE

2016 Economic Report / Ciett / 13

3

ENABLING SECURITY

Unemployed

30%
BEFORE

Agency work enables
employment security
People who start doing agency workout of unemployment will often remainin employment after their assignment.
Although there are significant
differences between the countries,
all cases show that agency work is a
stepping stone out of unemployment
into work. In France for example,
51% of agency workers come out of
unemployment, and only 23% of them
return to unemployment after theiragency work assignment. Clearly,
people use the experience and skills
they obtain while working as an agency
worker to make a next move on thelabour market. Through agency work,
they do not only have a good point ofentry to the labour market, but they
are also able to stay in employment up
to 12 months after their agency work
assignment ended. Thus, agency work
enables security on the labour market.

Employed

11%

43%

AFTER

BEFORE

71%
AFTER

Employed before & after agency work
% OF AGENCY WORKERS THAT ARE EMPLOYED (EITHER WITH AN AGENCY, DIRECT FIXED-TERM OR OPEN-ENDED
CONTRACT) BEFORE AND 12 MONTHS AFTER TEMPING
96%

100%
80%

84

100%

%

71%
59

60%

%

%
50 54
%

57

%

40%

65%

65%
40%

35%

28%

20%

20%

74

78%

%

75

80%

%

BEFORE
AFTER

84%
63%

59%

38%
25%

16%

33

43%
%

0%
0%
20%

AU
4%
12%

AT
14

%

15
30%

40%
60%

BR

49%

CZ

%

25%

20%

FR

GR
11%

23%
51%

43%

IN
7%

0

NZ
%

0

NO

RO

SG

8% 7%

0
5%

%

20%

ZA
%

4%

25%
39

SE
5%
33%

%

US

39

30%
%

59%

80%
100%

% OF AGENCY WORKERS THAT ARE OFFICIALLY REGISTERED AS UNEMPLOYED BEFORE AND 12 MONTHS AFTER TEMPING
14 / Ciett / 2016 Economic Report

Source: Ciett national federations

Averagesatisfaction

82%

33

49

%

VERY SATISFIED

76%%

SATISFIED

Satisfaction of agency workers
PERCENTAGE OF AGENCY WORKERS WHO ARE SATISFIED WITH THEIR WORK

31%

46%

52%
BE (2014)

18%

48%
CO (2013)

49%
FI (2012)

33%

35%

45%

57%
FR (2013)

42%

NO (2015)

SATISFIED

41%

39%
SE (2011/2012)

VERY SATISFIED

51%
US (2014)

OTHER / DON'T KNOWWOULD YOU RECOMMEND AGENCY WORK TO A FAMILY MEMBER OR A FRIEND?

78

93

%

9%
BE (2013)

87

%

7%
CO (2014)

63

%

13%
FI (2012)

67

%

17%
NO (2015)

SE (2011/12)

75

%

18%

YES
Source: Ciett national federation members

70

%

%

20%

11%

IT (2014)

US (2014)

NO

DON'T KNOW

of workers would
recommend agency work

Vast majority of workers
would recommend agency
work to their families orfriends
Research from a range of countries
shows that agency workers are on
average very satisfied with their work.
On average, 82% of agency workers
report that they are satisfied or verysatisfied, and 76% would recommend
agency work to their family or friends.
This clearly shows that working
through an agency is a positive choice
for a vast majority of the workers.
Upper graph:
USA: categories are: “somewhat satisfied (18%) +very satisfied (33%)” and “extremely satisfied”
Italy: Surely yes: 20%, probably yes 50%, probably
no 14%, surely no 6%.
Lower graph:
USA: “On a scale from 0 to 10, how likely are you
to refer a family relative or friend to work as atemporary or contract employee?”- Ratings of 7-10=75% (three-quarters are likely
to refer…)- Ratings of 5-6=14% (less likely to refer)- Ratings of 0-4=11% (not likely to refer)2016 Economic Report / Ciett / 15

3

ENABLING SECURITY

Profile of agency
workers:

Workers have wide spreadreasons to do agency work

Top 3 reasons for choosing agency work:

The employment and recruitment
industry enables work, adaptation,
security and prosperity. These coincidewith the different reasons that workers
have to choose to work throughan agency. They could be career
starters trying to find a permanent
job, or young professionals looking forvaluable experience. Some of them arerather flex professionals who are using
agency work to find assignments,
but might not necessarily be looking
for a permanent job. Another groupof agency workers are looking fora source of additional income, forexample in addition to taking careof the household or in addition toanother paid job. And finally agency
work can help re-launchers. They areusing agency work to fill a gap in theircareer, moving from one job or sector
to another.

As astepping stone
to permanentwork

To earn an
additional
income2

1

BE 3

Agency work
allowed me
to find work
quickly

Couldn’tfind apermanentjob

2(2014)

Was
unable to finda permanentjob

2It’s a way
to get apermanent
job

1

US 3

(2014)

16 / Ciett / 2016 Economic ReportTogain usefulworkingexperience

YOUNG PROFESSIONALSLOOKING FOR VALUABLE EXPERIENCE

CAREER STARTERS
TO FIND A PERMANENT JOB

1

FR 3

Lookingfor different
professional
experiences
before settlingfor one(2013)

To
obtain work
experience

This wasthe only typeof work I
could find2

It is hard to
get a directcontract1

CO 3(2013)

I want touse it to finda permanentjob

FLEX PROFESSIONALSUSING AGENCY WORK TO FIND ASSIGNMENTS, NOT
NECESSARILY LOOKING FOR A PERMANENT JOBEXTRA EARNERSLOOKING FOR A SOURCE OF
ADDITIONAL INCOME.

AgencyBeing anwork is a goodagency worker
gateway tois easier than
Want toworking life
getting a different
see different
kind of job
workplaces and1
gain all-round2
3 work experience

THE RE-LAUNCHERSUSING AGENCY WORK TO STAY OUT OF
UNEMPLOYMENT, E.G. WHEN MOVING FROMONE JOB OR SECTOR TO ANOTHER.

Otherwise I
would be outof work

I canchoose theworking hours
and location

2

NO
(2015

To find work
quickly2

UK 3(2014)

FI

3(2012)

I could not findpermanent work

1

1I
can earnadditional
incomeTo earn money
quickly

The agency
offered aninteresting
assignment

I want to see
different work
places andacquire different
experiences

2

1

SE 3

(2011/2012)

Work asagency worker iseasier to get thanother work
ENABLING WORKENABLING ADAPTATIONENABLING SECURITY
ENABLING PROSPERITY
2016 Economic Report / Ciett / 17

4

Percent of global sales
revenues:

ENABLING PROSPERITY

The employment andrecruitment industry is
worth 3 450 billion
The employment and recruitment
sales revenue in 2014 totalled
1450 billion. This means an
8.6% growth compared tothe previous year, althoughpart of this growth is due
to improved data collectionin China, which boosted
its revenue by about
130 billion. Excluding
China, growth reached about
1.5%. Agency work is still themost important HR service,although it is important to notethat not all countries were able toreport on all HR services, leading to aslight distortion of the picture.

Global annual sales revenue
Annual turnover all HR services
in 2013: HR services

CA
14,000EUR
130,985

USCN
94,527104,000

JP
45,592

MA
376

MX

3,207

1,090

IN

CO
1,220

PE

30

SG

BR

1,967

3,405

26,261ZA

AR

14,876

AU

852

CL

888
4,256

18 / Ciett / 2016 Economic Report

NZ
Source: Ciett national federation members, 2014.

70%

11%

6%

13%

AGENCY WORKPERMANENT RECRUITMENT

RPO

OTHER

NO
2,006

EE

SE
2,590

RU
LV

1,487

LT

DK
1,200

669

55

53

6

China is now the biggest market in theworld, closely followed by the USA.
Added up, all European countries
combined have a sales revenue of1133 billion, mostly thanks to the
UK, Germany, France. This top three
represents almost two thirds of theentire European market.

11,086IE

NL

UK
43,083

LU

FR
17,032

PL

DE

BE
5,291

1,090

25,300
850

CZ
260

2,200
546

AT

CH

HU

RO

HR

6,390

69

7,000
2,620

ES

0.2

IT
103

GR

AGENCY WORKPERMANENT RECRUITMENT
RPO
OTHER
ANNUAL TURNOVER IN MILLION EURO2016 Economic Report / Ciett / 19

4

ENABLING PROSPERITY

A few big markets
account for large partof employment andrecruitment industry sales
revenue
These two graphs show the percentageof global annual sales revenues bycountry. What is most notable is thatthe top three countries account for
more than 50% of the total market,
whether counting all HR services orjust agency work. The top 10 markets
even account for about 88% of themarket. This shows that there might
still be room to develop and grow HR
services in several countries aroundthe world.

Percentage of global sales
revenue all HR services

CN 23%US 21%

JP 10%

Percentage of global annual sales
revenue (all HR services)
8%
3%

NL
CA

CA

CH

REST OF
WORLD

IT

AU

NL
UK BE DE 6%
10% FR CH
IT 2%
4%

DE

US

3%

3%

FR

21%

CN

BE

2%

BR

23%

10%
JP

CN
US

UK
JP

6%
BR

3%
AU

20 / Ciett / 2016 Economic Report

Source: Ciett national federation members, 2014.

Percentage of global agency
work sales revenue

US 27%JP 14%

UK 12%

Percentage of global annual sales
revenue (agency work)

7%
CH

4%
NL

CA

CA

FR

US

IT

REST OF
WORLD

US

BR

4%

1%

NL
UK BE DE 8%
12% FR CH
IT 2%
5%

AU

27%

BE

2%

DE
CN

10%

14%
JP

CN
JP

UK

2%
BR

4%
AU

Source: Ciett national federation members, 2014.

2016 Economic Report / Ciett / 21

COUNTRY CODES (1)GLOSSARY OF USED TERMS & ACRONYMS

ARGENTINA

AR

MACEDONIAMK

AUSTRALIAAUMEXICOMX

AUSTRIAAT

MOROCCOMA

BELGIUM

BE

NEPAL

NP

BRAZILBR

NETHERLANDS NLBULGARIABG

NEW ZEALAND NZCANADACANORWAY

NO

CHILE

CL

PERÚ

PE

CHINA

CN

POLANDPLCO

PORTUGALPTCZECH REPUBLIC CZROMANIARO

DENMARKDKRUSSIARU

ESTONIAEE

SINGAPORESG

FINLANDFISLOVAKIASKFRANCEFRSLOVENIASIGERMANYDE

SOUTH AFRICA ZAGREECEGR

SOUTH KOREAKRHUNGARY

HU

SPAIN

ES

INDIA

IN

SWEDENSE

IRELANDIE

SWITZERLAND

CH

ITALY

IT

TURKEY

TR

JAPAN

JP

UK

UK

LATVIA

LV

USA

US

LUXEMBOURG

LU

VIETNAMVN

COLOMBIA(1) The International Organisation for Standardisation ISO:the international standard for country codes ISO 3166

22 / Ciett / 2016 Economic Report

Agency work
Agency work is a triangular employment
relationship, defined in ILO Convention 181 as:"Services consisting of employing workers with aview to making them available to a third party, who
may be a natural or legal person ("user enterprise")which assigns their tasks and supervises theexecution of these tasks“Daily average number of agency workers (FTE)
Total number of hours worked by all agency workers
in a country over a period of one year divided by theaverage number of hours worked over a period of
one year by a worker with a full-time job with an
open-ended contract
Career management / Outplacement
A service to guide a terminated employee of acompany to a satisfactory new position or career
through the provision of short- or long-termcounseling and support services, on a groupor individual basis, most often paid for by theterminating employer. (Source: Staffing Industry
Analysts)
Penetration rate
Daily average number of agency workers [in fulltime equivalents] divided by the working population[as defined by the ILO as follows: “The employedcomprise all persons of working age who during
a specified brief period, such as one week or
one day, were in the following categories: a) paid
employment (whether at work or with a job but not
at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work orwith an enterprise but not at work).“(Permanent )Recruitment
Services for matching offers of and applications
for employment, without the private employment
agency becoming a party to the employment
relationships which may arise therefrom" (Source:
ILO Convention 181), including executive search &selection.
Private employment services / Employment &recruitment industry
Agency work is usually one of several other HR
services provided by recruitment and employment
agencies, along with permanent recruitment, career
management, training, executive search, skills
assessments and more. The broad range of these
services are called private employment services.
The agency provides a professional service to a user
company by taking over (a part of) the recruitment
and HR process. In this sense, private employment
services are comparable to other professional
services such as accounting, security or cleaning.
Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO)
A service by a third-party specialist provider,to assume the role of the client’s recruiting
department by owning and managing part or all of
its recruitment process and related recruitment
supply chain partner relationships, provide thenecessary skills, activities, tools, technologies, andprocess methodologies.

CIETT MEMBERS 2016
NORTH AMERICAAFRICAEUROPE

CanadaMexicoUSA

MoroccoSouth Africa

Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
FinlandFranceGermany
GreeceHungary
IrelandItaly
LatviaSOUTH AMERICA
Argentina
BrazilChile
Colombia
Perú

NORTHERN ASIA
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
NorwayPolandPortugal
Romania
RussiaSlovakia
Slovenia
Spain
SwedenSwitzerland
Turkey
UK

China
Japan
South Korea

SOUTHERN ASIA
Australia
India
Indonesia
New ZealandVietnam
The Philippines

CORPORATE MEMBERS
Adecco, GI Group, Kelly Services,
ManpowerGroup, Randstad, Recruit,
Trenkwalder, USG People.

2016 Economic Report / Ciett / 23

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