Helsinki facts and figures 2023

2 — Helsingin kaupunkiContents

Geography.............................................. 4
Helsinki in Europe....................................7Population............................................... 8
Housing.................................................. 12
Education............................................... 14
Employment........................................... 17
Welfare and health................................. 18
Culture and leisure............................... 20
Construction......................................... 25
Economy............................................... 26
Tourism................................................. 30
Transport.............................................. 34
Environment.......................................... 36
City administration and economy........ 38
History of Helsinki................................ 44

City of Helsinki — 3

Geography
Area
km²
Helsinki

719

Land area (including inland waters)

217

Sea area

502

Population density in Helsinki is 3,042
people per sq km of land area.
Land ownership in Helsinki
km²%

City of Helsinki

138.4

64.7

Finnish State

18.4

8.6

Private landowner

18.3

8.5

Housing company

19.4

9.0

Other

19.6

9.2

Total

214

100

Shoreline
131 km

4 — Geography

Islands327

Helsinki Region

Metropolitan areaHelsinki

Geography — 5

Nearly 34 per cent of Helsinki’s land area
consists of green space managed by the city.
Conservation areas

71

1,350 hectares

Temperature

The highest recorded temperature in2022 was 29.5 °C (June 27) and lowest–17.6 °C (January 11).

6 — Geography2022

DecemberNovember

October

SeptemberAugustJuly

JuneMay

April

March

February

January

Average temperature: last year (2022) and long-term average (1990–2022)

Average 1990–2022

Helsinki in Europe
Comparison of cities in the Baltic Sea region
Total
population

Change (%)
in 5 years

Proportion ofpopulation

CityRegionCity

15 years oryounger

65 yearsor older664,028

1,555,228

3.2

14.2

17.6

Stockholm¹

984,700

2,440,027

3.7

16.2

17.8

Oslo¹

709,037

1,370,700

5.3

17.2

12.8

Copenhagen¹

644,4312,067,916

5.1

15.9

10.5

Tallinn¹

437,81 1

614,561

2.6

15.7

18.9

Riga¹

605,802611,824

–5.6

15.4

21.4

Helsinki¹

Vilnius¹

563,012820,511

3.3

17.1

16.2

Warsaw¹

1,798,000

5,500,000

1.9

15.4

19.4

Berlin¹

3,677,472

3,677,472

1.9

13.9

19.2

St Petersburg²

5,384,300

5,384,300

3.0

14.016.0

Year of latest population data:
¹2022
²2021

Population

664,028

Populationof Helsinki
Dec 31, 2022

Population
Population Dec 31, 2022
HelsinkiHelsinki Region(%) of the population of Finland

664,02811.9

1,555,228

28.0

Population by gender

52.3%
8 — Population

47.7%

Population changes (2021)
HelsinkiHelsinki Region

Births

7,082

16,419Deaths5,548

11,567

In-migrants

42,72950,460Out-migrants

42,73243,503The population of Helsinkiincreased by 0.8% in 2022.
Population of Helsinki 1980–2022
and projection to 2036
800,000700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0

Population

Projection

Population — 9The largest age group in Helsinki are the
30–34-year-olds, who number 62,984.
Age groups

Helsinki

Finland

The average age of the population
is 41.1 years in Helsinki,and 43.7 in Finland.
10 — Population

Population by mother tongue
Helsinki%

Finland%Finnish and Sami

505,59676.1

4,780,926

85.9

Swedish36,7485.6

287,052

5.2

Other

12 1 ,684

18.3

495,992

8.9

In Helsinki, 18 per cent of the population
speak a mother tongue other thanFinnish, Swedish or Sami.
Most common foreign mother tongues in Helsinki
No. of speakers%

Russian

20,502

3.1

Somali13,2892.0

Estonian

9,864

1.5

Arabic9,760

1.5

English

8,936

1.3

Chinese

4,283

0.6

Kurdish

3,855

0.6

Persian

3,853

0.6

Seventy-three thousand residents
of Helsinki hold a foreign citizenship,compared to about 324,000
in all of Finland.
Population — 11Housing
Households (Dec 31, 2022, proportion of all households in Helsinki)

One-person

Two-person

Three-person

Four or more persons

50.9%

29.2%

9.7%

10.2%

The total number of households in Helsinki is 350,809,
and the average size is 1.8 persons.

Housing stock (Dec 31, 2021)
Helsinki
Dwellings, total

382,153% in detached or terraced houses

12.7% in blocks of flats

86.1

1–2 rooms, %59.2

3–4 rooms, %34.5

5 or more rooms, %6.0

12 — HousingHousing density in Helsinki is 34.6 m²
of floor area per person, compared
to 41.7 m² in all of Finland.

Housing costs (2022)
Helsinki
Average rent, €/m²/monthFinland

18.7

14.6

Average price per sq m of old dwellings, €/m²

5,690

2,848

Most expensive postcode area, €/m²

9,604

9,604

Least expensive postcode area, €/m²

2,712369

Housing stock by construction yearYear

No. of dwellings% of all dwellings–1920

19,420

5.1

1921–1939

48,377

12.7

1940–1959

50,011

13.1

1960–1979

103,182

27.0

1980–1999

77,02720.2

2000–2019

7 1,211

18.6

2020–

12,925

3.4

Housing — 13Education
Ninety-three per cent of 3–6-year-old
children in Helsinki take part inearly childhood education.
Number of students and schools at different educational levelsNo of students1

No of establishments2

Total

City-owned

Total

Early childhood education

30,000350

447

Comprehensive school

57,000100

115

General upper secondary

17,0001539

Vocational education

42,00018

Universities of applied sciences

23,0005

University education

36,0005Year of data: ¹ 2021, ² 2021.

Universities in the Helsinki metropolitan area
Name

No of students

University of Helsinki

30,821

Aalto University

18,848

Hanken School of Economics

2,615

University of the Arts

1,968

National Defence University

1,186

14 — Education

Eighty-nine per centof children starting
primary school inHelsinki choosethe local school
close to home.
Helsingin kaupunki — 15Educational structure (Dec 31, 2020, %)Doctoral orequivalent level

Master’s orequivalent level

Bachelor’s orequivalent level

Short-cycle
tertiary education

Vocational education

General upper
secondary education

Basic education or
unknown

Total

16 — Education

MenWomenEmployment

79.3%
Employment
rate in Helsinki
Employment (2022)
HelsinkiRegionFinlandEmployed persons(15–74-year-olds)

357,100

802,200

2,619,200

Unemployed persons(15–74-year-olds)

25,20059,200190,200

Employment rate
(20–64-year-olds), %

79.3

80.3

78.1

Unemployment rate
(20–64-year-olds), %

6.1

6.3

6.3

Employment — 17Welfare and healthIn Helsinki,

Feel at least fairly
healthy (2021)

Feel happy at least
fairly often (2021)

Feel safe in their neighbourhood
on weekend evenings (2021)

Take exercise in their
free time (2021)

Smoke daily (2021)

Feel lonely (2021)

18 — Welfare and healthLife expectancy at birth (2022)

78.3

83.6

Men (years)

Women (years)

Helsinki (1978): 67.0
Finland (2022): 78.6

Helsinki (1978): 77.2
Finland (2022): 83.8

Median taxable incom, euros
2020

2021

Helsinki

29,82830,589Finland26,077

26,6372020

2021

Helsinki

5.9

6.3

Finland7.5

7.8

Prolonged poverty risk (% of dwelling population)

Welfare and health — 19

Culture and leisure
EventsAttendance (2022)
Helsinki Festival

182,000

Lux Helsinki

100,000

Flow Festival

90,000Tuska Open Air Metal Festival

49,000World Village Festival

21,500Helsinki Central Library
Oodi registered 1,820,297
visits in 2022.

Cinema20 — Culture and leisure

Number of screens (2021)

58

Visits per resident

1.1

Helsingin kaupunki — 211,851
Restaurants

Restaurants in Helsinki with analcohol serving licence

Theatres (2021)
Number of professional theatres

12Performances

1,591

Total attendance, persons

231,631Classical music (2022)
National Opera
Performances

136

Tickets sold, total

160,616

Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra*Concerts

121

Total attendance, persons

73,434

Radio Symphony Orchestra
Concerts

60

Total attendance, persons
22 — Culture and leisure

57,490* includes open full rehearsals andinternational performancesMuseums (2022)

VisitsHelsinki City Museum

240,495

Amos Rex

227,760

Helsinki Art Museum

107,647

Ateneum Art Museum

184,373

National Museum

181,088

Design Museum

103,459

City Library (2022)
Libraries and other service points

45
1,587

Books (1,000)
Other material (1,000)

204

Loans (1,000)

8,765

Visits (1,000)

6,570

Visits per resident

10.0City of Helsinki culture and leisure services (2022)
Grants (millions of euros)
Art and culture

23.0Sport teams and groups

15.0

District cultural centres
Performances
Total event attendance

1,864
589,984

Culture and leisure — 23

Helsinki has 34 officialbeaches.
812
Indoor sports
facilities

552 kmJogging tracks
and footpaths16*92

Swimming halls

Dog parks

13
Indoor skating
rinks

34

68

Outdoor recreationand excursion areas

168

Beaches

Skating rinks andartificial ice rinks

21

1,300 km

Winter swimming
placesCycling routes

12,000
Moorings forleisure boats* including outdoor swimming
pools and a sea pool

24 — Culture and leisureConstruction

6,047

Dwellings completed in
Helsinki 2022
Average for 2018–2022: 6,394

Gross floor area incompleted buildings (2022)

All buildings(floor area, m²)
647,976● Residential buildings● Commercial and office buildings● Other buildings

Construction starts (2022)
Floor area, m²
All buildings

644,550

Residential

363,583

Other

280,876

Construction — 25

Economy
Gross domestic product per capita, index (EU28=100)
Greater Helsinki

Finland148113   GDP (PPS, EU28=100) 2020

There are 471,400 jobs in Helsinki.
Jobs (2022)

All industries, total

HelsinkiRegionFinland471,400

852,600

2,619,200

Primary production

0.1

0.4

3.9

Secondary production

10.1

15.4

21.0

Services, total

89.1

83.5

74.0

Market services

63.4

59.2

46.5

Public administration,
welfare services

25.7

24.3

27.60.7

0.7

1.1

Other or unknown

7.7%
Research and development jobs
(proportion of all jobs in the Helsinki Region)

26 — Economy

Workplace self-sufficiency inHelsinki is 131.8%.
Enterprises (2021)
HelsinkiRegion

97.6

196

471.5

Personnel, total

260,813484,728

1,378,653

Business establishments, total

54,641

108,477

410,997

Turnover, bn euros

FinlandHelsinki has 27,717 entrepreneurs,
compared to 64,914 in theHelsinki Region.
Largest enterprises in Helsinki(2021, by number of personnel)
Name of enterprise

Personnel

1.

Nordea Bank Finland Abp3,6 1 3

2.

HOK-Elanto Liiketoiminta Oy

3,030

3.

ABB Oy2,698

4.

SLP Group Oy

2,363

5.

YIT Finland Oy

2,138
Economy — 27

Import and export through Port of Helsinki
Millions of tonnes

ImportExport

The Port of Helsinki is Finland’s
largest cargo port in terms ofthe value of goods.
Air freight
Helsinki Airport

2021

2022

Domestic, tonnes

2,035

2,031

International, tonnes

173,585

141,490

28 — Economy

Helsingin kaupunki — 29

Helsinki had 64 hotels with a total of23,424 bed places in 2022.

30 — Helsingin kaupunki

TravelOvernight stays in registeredacommodation establishments

1,549,898

3,723,718

Total(+76% from 2021)

2,173,820

Foreign visitors

Finnish visitors

Overnight stays, top 5 source markets

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

Germany
182,553

USA
152,316

Sweden115,445

UK
108,760

France70,585Congresses (2022)
International congresses
Number of congress visitors

159
27,892
Travel — 31Passenger traffic (millions of passengers)
Airport

2021

2022

413

Port

48

Railway station

40

50

Popular tourist attractions

#1

#2

#3

Linnanmäki
Amusement
Park

Suomenlinna

Korkeasaari
Zoo#4#5#5

Temppeliaukio Church

Uspenski
Cathedral

Helsinki
Cathedraland CryptVisitors
Linnanmäki Amusement Park

1,000,000

Suomenlinna

854,500

Korkeasaari Zoo

523,427

Temppeliaukio Church

284,333

Uspenski Cathedral

250,000

Helsinki Cathedral and Crypt

250,000

32 — Travel

Helsingin kaupunki — 33

Transport
Modal split(% of all journeys in Helsinki, 2022)

Helsinki has
3,470 city bikes
and 347 bikestations.

34 — Transport

The total number of cruise
passengers visiting Helsinkiin 2022 was 162,000.
Public transport in Helsinki
2021

2022

Journeys, total, millions

174209Bus

4353Tram

3242

Metro56

67

Ferry

124245

Commuter train

Passenger cars
2022
Vehicles in traffic use, total

219,701

Petrol144,439

Diesel

44,417Hybrid18,816

Electric9,355

Other

2,674

Transport — 35

Environment
Emissions from wastewater treatment
Tonnes milj.m3
per year

NitrogenTonnes per year

Phosphorus

Greenhouse emissions

The emissions of greenhouse gases
have been cut down by 33% since 1990
in Helsinki.

36 — Environment

Air quality was good or satisfactory
95% of the time in Helsinki in 2022.

% of hours

Air quality in city centreGoodSatisfactory

Poor

Very poor

Fair

Environment — 37

City administration and economy
City council (December 31, 2022)(KOK) National Coalition Party • (Vihr.) Green League • (SDP) Social Democratic Party •(VAS) Left Alliance • (PS) Finns Party • (RKP) Swedish People’s Party •(LNH) Liike Nyt Helsinki • (KESK) Centre Party • (KD) Christian Democrats

MayorsMayor
Juhana Vartiainen

Deputy Mayors
Anni Sinnemäki

Nasima Razmyar

Paavo Arhinmäki

Daniel Sazonov

Urban
Environment

Education

Cultureand LeisureSocial Servicesand Health Care

38 — City administration and economy

The City of Helsinki employs
37,513 people.
Personnel by division● Central Administration● Urban Environment● Education● Culture and Leisure● Social Services and Health Care

Personnel, most common job titles#1Childcarer in earlychildhood educationand care3,400# 2 Practical nurse
3,060# 3 Teacher in earlychildhood educationand care2,583# 4 Nurse
1,909# 5 Part-time teacher# 6 Class teacher
1,826# 7 Instructor987# 8 Public health nurse
907# 9 Social services
instructor862# 10 Comprehensive school
full-time teacher760

1,847

City administration and economy — 41

City of Helsinki expenses by division (2022)

euro per resident● Central Administration● Urban Environment● Education● Culture and Leisure● Social Services and Health Care

Profit and loss accountOperating profit
Production for own use

million euros
1,165
120

Operating expenses–5,126

Operating profit margin–3,842

Tax revenue

4,100State subsidies

378

Financing income

11 3

Financing expenses–16

Annual contribution margin733

Depreciations and impairment–387

Result for the financial period

347

Appropriations

17Surplus/deficit (-) for the financial period
42 — City administration and economy364

Tax revenues received byHelsinki equal 80% of the total
expenses of the City.
Municipal tax rate** The decrease in Helsinki’s municipal income
tax rate is due to the fact that the financing lawof Finland’s social and health services reform
stipulates a reduction of 12.64 points in all municipal tax rates in Continental Finland for 2023.

Loan stock
Dec 31, 2022

Dec 31, 2010

1,431

1,989

9,800

6,917

City
Loans at interest, euro per resident
City group
Loans, euro per resident

City administration and economy — 43

History of Helsinki
1550

The city is foundedat the command of
the King of Sweden,
Gustav Vasa.
1944

1640

Helsinki University
is established.

1710

A plague wipes out
half the populationof the city.

1748

1931

Construction of theSuomenlinna sea
fortress begins.
1918

1757

Sederholm House,
the oldest still
standing buildingin the city centre,
is built.

During the Second
World War, Helsinki
suffers relatively little
damage in massive
Soviet bombings.
Parliament House,
constructed ina Neoclassicalarchitectural style,is completed in thedistrict of Töölö.
A Finnish Civil War
breaks out in Helsinkiin January and ends
in May in the victory ofthe White troops.

1917

Finland gains independence, with Helsinki
as its capital.
The City of Helsinki
establishes a statistical office of its own.

1809

Finland and Helsinki come under
Russian rule.

1911

1812

Helsinki becomes
capital of the Grand
Duchy of Finland.

1891

1852

Helsinki Cathedral
is inaugurated.

The Finnishspeaking population
outnumbers theSwedish-speakers forthe first time.

1946

1952

The Vuosaari area is incorporated into Helsinki.

1982

The Helsinki Metro, theworld’s northernmostunderground railway
line, is opened.

2000

Helsinki is one of theEuropean Capitalsof Culture.

2007

Helsinki hosts theEurovision Song Contest.

2008

2009

The first tram line
starts to operate.

2017

44 — History of Helsinki

The Summer Olympics
are held in Helsinki andboost the confidence ofthe city and the country
recovering from war.

1966

2012
1890

Parts of neighbouringmunicipalities are incorporated into Helsinki,
quintupling the city area.

The transfer of the cargo
port to Vuosaari vacates
inner-city areas for major
housing development
projects.
Östersundom becomespart of Helsinki, forming
the city’s 8th majordistrict.
Helsinki is World
Design Capital.
A reform of the mayoral
and governance systemis passed, grouping 31
former city departments
into four divisions.

Helsingin kaupunki — 45

Helsinki facts and figures 2023
Publisher:
City Executive Office,Urban Research and Statistics
Editorial team:Ari Jaakola, Teemu Vass,
Solja Saarto, Lotta HaglundContact:
Solja Saarto,tel. +358 9 310 36378,
e-mail solja.saarto@hel.fi
Visual layout design:
Werklig
Implementation oflayout and graphics:
Nora Kitinmäki
Photo credits:
Helsinki Material Bank
Eetu Ahanen (p. 33),
Maija Astikainen (p. 15),
Jussi Hellsten (p. 45),
Susanna Karhapää (p. 40),
Julius Konttinen (p. 30),
Veikko Somerpuro (p. 29),
Jetro Staven (p. 39),
Tuomas Uusheimo (p. 21)
The data for the charts and tables in this publication is available inan accessible format upon request by email: kaupunkitieto@hel.fi.
Print:
Next Print Oy
ISBN 978-952-386-302-6 (in print)
ISBN 978-952-386-303-3 (online)
www.hel.fi/urbanfacts
Twitter: @kaupunkitieto
Facebook: @kaupunkitietohelsinki

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THelsinki facts and figures 2023
Helsinki facts and figures is published annuallyin English. If you want to know more or ask us
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