International Waterski &Wakeboard Federation
Anti-Doping Rules(Based upon the 2015 Code)Accepted by the World Anti-Doping Agency 9th December 2014
Approved by the IWWF Executive Board 7th December 2014
To be ratified by the IWWF Congress of Milan September 2015

IWWF Anti-Doping Rules 2015

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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................... 3
PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................... 3
FUNDAMENTAL RATIONALE FOR THE CODE AND IWWF'S ANTI-DOPING RULES ............................ 3
SCOPE OF THESE ANTI-DOPING RULES ................................................................................................ 4
ARTICLE 1

DEFINITION OF DOPING ............................................................................................................. 5

ARTICLE 2

ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS ................................................................................................ 5

ARTICLE 3

PROOF OF DOPING .................................................................................................................. 10

ARTICLE 4

THE PROHIBITED LIST ............................................................................................................... 12

ARTICLE 5

TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS ................................................................................................ 16

ARTICLE 6

ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES ............................................................................................................ 21

ARTICLE 7

RESULTS MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................................... 23

ARTICLE 8

RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING ....................................................................................................... 30

ARTICLE 9

AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS ......................................................... 32

ARTICLE 10SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS ................................................................................................... 32

ARTICLE 11

CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS ...................................................................................................... 45

ARTICLE 12SANCTIONS AND COSTS ASSESSED AGAINST SPORTING BODIES................................................. 45

ARTICLE 13

APPEALS ................................................................................................................................. 46

ARTICLE 14

CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING.......................................................................................... 51

ARTICLE 15

APPLICATION AND RECOGNITION OF DECISIONS....................................................................... 54

ARTICLE 16

INCORPORATION OF IWWF ANTI-DOPING RULES AND OBLIGATIONS OF NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
55

ARTICLE 17

STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS........................................................................................................ 56

ARTICLE 18

IWWF COMPLIANCE REPORTS TO WADA ................................................................................ 566

ARTICLE 19

EDUCATION............................................................................................................................. 56

ARTICLE 20

AMENDMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF ANTI-DOPING RULES .................................................. 56

ARTICLE 21

INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE .............................................................................................. 588

ARTICLE 22

ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETES AND OTHER PERSONS ........................ 58

APPENDIX 1

DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................... 61

APPENDIX 2

EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 10 ....................................................................... 70

IWWF Anti-Doping Rules 20152

INTERNATIONAL WATERSKI & WAKEBOARD FEDERATION ANTI-DOPINGRULES

INTRODUCTION

Preface
At the (then) International Water Ski Federation Congress held on September 18,
2003 in Howey on the Hills, Florida, USA, the International Waterski Federation(now International Waterski & Wakeboard Federation or “IWWF”) accepted to
implement the World Anti-Doping Code (the 2004 Code). The revised 2009 and2015 World Anti-Doping Code (the “Code”) were accepted by the IWWF Executive
Board, and ratified at the IWWF Congress held in Calgary, Canada on 6th August
2009. This latest version was accepted by the IWWF Executive Board in December
2014 and will be ratified at the IWWF Congress in Milan in September 2015. These
Anti-Doping Rules are adopted and implemented in accordance with IWWF’s
responsibilities under the Code, and in furtherance of IWWF's continuing efforts toeradicate doping in the sport of water skiing and wakeboard.
Athletes and other Persons accept these rules as a condition of participation andshall be bound by them. These Anti-Doping Rules, like Competition rules, are sport
rules governing the conditions under which sport is played. These sport-specificrules and procedures, aimed at enforcing anti-doping principles in a global andharmonized manner, are distinct in nature from criminal and civil laws, andtherefore are not intended to be subject to or limited by any national requirements
and legal standards applicable to criminal, or civil proceedings, or employment
matters. When reviewing the facts and the law of a given case, all courts, arbitral
tribunals and other adjudicating bodies should be aware of and respect the distinct
nature of these Anti-Doping Rules implementing the Code and the fact that theserules represent the consensus of a broad spectrum of stakeholders around theworld as to what is necessary to protect and ensure fair sport.
Fundamental Rationale for the Code and IWWF's Anti-Doping Rules
Anti-doping programs seek to preserve what is intrinsically valuable about sport.
This intrinsic value is often referred to as "the spirit of sport". It is the essence ofOlympism, the pursuit of human excellence through the dedicated perfection ofeach person’s natural talents. It is how we play true. The spirit of sport is thecelebration of the human spirit, body and mind, and is reflected in values we find inand through sport, including:
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Ethics, fair play and honesty
HealthExcellence in performance
Character and education
Fun and joy
Teamwork
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•
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Dedication and commitment
Respect for rules and laws
Respect for self and other Participants
CourageCommunity and solidarity

Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.
The International Waterski and Wakeboard Federation has long been committed tothe sport of water skiing being carried out with the highest standards of excellence,
ethics and the spirit of fair play. The Anti-Doping Program has included testing at
both World and Regional Championships under the auspices of the IWWF over the
past several years. Many World Cup and Professional events have also included
doping controls as part of the competition. Many member National Federations also
have conducted extensive Anti-Doping Programs.
Scope of these Anti-Doping Rules
These Anti-Doping Rules shall apply to IWWF, all Confederations, and to each of
IWWF’s National Federations. They also apply to the following Athletes, Athlete
Support Personnel and other Persons, each of whom is deemed, as a condition of
his/her membership, accreditation and/or participation in the sport, to have agreed
to be bound by these Anti-Doping Rules, and to have submitted to the authority of
IWWF to enforce these Anti-Doping Rules and to the jurisdiction of the hearing
panels specified in Article 8 and Article 13 to hear and determine cases and appealsbrought under these Anti-Doping Rules:a.

all Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel who are members of IWWF, or of
any National Federation, or of any member or affiliate organization of any
National Federation (including any clubs, teams, associations or leagues);b.

all Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel participating in such capacity in
Events, Competitions and other activities organized, convened, authorized
or recognized by IWWF, or any National Federation, or any member oraffiliate organization of any National Federation (including any clubs, teams,
associations or leagues), wherever held;c.

any other Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel or other Person who, by
virtue of an accreditation, a license or other contractual arrangement, orotherwise, is subject to the jurisdiction of IWWF, or of any National
Federation, or of any member or affiliate organization of any National
Federation (including any clubs, teams, associations or leagues), forpurposes of anti-doping. To be eligible for participation in International
Events, a competitor must have a license issued by his or her National
Federation. All Athletes registered for an IWWF sanctioned Event shall bedeemed to have accepted the rules of the IWWF, including these IWWF
Anti-Doping Rules;

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Within the overall pool of Athletes set out above who are bound by and required tocomply with these Anti-Doping Rules, the following Athletes shall be considered to
be International-Level Athletes for purposes of these Anti-Doping Rules, andtherefore the specific provisions in these Anti-Doping Rules applicable toInternational-Level Athletes (as regards Testing but also as regards TUEs,
whereabouts information, results management, and appeals) shall apply to such
Athletes:
Athletes who were eligible to participate as individual athletes in, or who
finished in the top 10 places at, the most recently held biannual IWWF
World Championship in the following sports divisions and Events:i.

World Tournament Open Championships;
World Disabled Championships;
World Barefoot Open Championships;
World Cableski Open Championships;
World Wakeboard (Boat) Open Championships;
World Cable Wakeboard Open Championships;
World Waterski Racing Championships – Open Category;ii.

Athletes who are qualified to participate in IWWF World Cup events;iii.

Athletes who are part of the IWWF Registered Testing Pool.

ARTICLE 1 DEFINITION OF DOPING
Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping ruleviolations set forth in Article 2.1 through Article 2.10 of these Anti-Doping Rules.
ARTICLE 2 ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS
The purpose of Article 2 is to specify the circumstances and conduct whichconstitute anti-doping rule violations. Hearings in doping cases will proceed basedon the assertion that one or more of these specific rules have been violated.
Athletes or other Persons shall be responsible for knowing what constitutes an antidoping rule violation and the substances and methods which have been included on
the Prohibited List.
The following constitute anti-doping rule violations:
2.1 Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites orMarkers in an Athlete’s Sample
2.1.1 It is each Athlete’s personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited
Substance enters his or her body. Athletes are responsible for any
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Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found to be present
in their Samples. Accordingly, it is not necessary that intent, Fault,
negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated inorder to establish an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.1.
[Comment to Article 2.1.1: An anti-doping rule violation is committed under this
Article without regard to an Athlete’s Fault. This rule has been referred to invarious CAS decisions as “Strict Liability”. An Athlete’s Fault is taken into
consideration in determining the Consequences of this anti-doping rule violation
under Article 10. This principle has consistently been upheld by CAS.]
2.1.2
Sufficient proof of an anti-doping rule violation under Article
2.1 is established by any of the following: presence of a Prohibited
Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in the Athlete’s A Sample
where the Athlete waives analysis of the B Sample and the B Sample is
not analyzed; or, where the Athlete’s B Sample is analyzed and theanalysis of the Athlete’s B Sample confirms the presence of theProhibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found in the
Athlete’s A Sample; or, where the Athlete’s B Sample is split into twobottles and the analysis of the second bottle confirms the presence of
the Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found in thefirst bottle.
[Comment to Article 2.1.2: The Anti-Doping Organization with results management
responsibility may, at its discretion, choose to have the B Sample analyzed even if
the Athlete does not request the analysis of the B Sample.]
2.1.3 Excepting those substances for which a quantitative thresholdis specifically identified in the Prohibited List, the presence of any
quantity of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an
Athlete’s Sample shall constitute an anti-doping rule violation.
2.1.4
As an exception to the general rule of Article 2.1, theProhibited List or International Standards may establish special criteria
for the evaluation of Prohibited Substances that can also be produced
endogenously.
2.2 Use or Attempted Use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substanceor a Prohibited Method[Comment to Article 2.2: It has always been the case that Use or Attempted Use ofa Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method may be established by any reliablemeans. As noted in the Comment to Article 3.2, unlike the proof required toestablish an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.1, Use or Attempted Use may
also be established by other reliable means such as admissions by the Athlete,
witness statements, documentary evidence, conclusions drawn from longitudinal
profiling, including data collected as part of the Athlete Biological Passport, or otheranalytical information which does not otherwise satisfy all the requirements toestablish “Presence” of a Prohibited Substance under Article 2.1. For example, Use
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may be established based upon reliable analytical data from the analysis of an A
Sample (without confirmation from an analysis of a B Sample) or from the analysis
of a B Sample alone where the Anti-Doping Organization provides a satisfactory
explanation for the lack of confirmation in the other Sample.]
2.2.1 It is each Athlete’s personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited
Substance enters his or her body and that no Prohibited Method isUsed. Accordingly, it is not necessary that intent, Fault, negligence or
knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated in order toestablish an anti-doping rule violation for Use of a Prohibited
Substance or a Prohibited Method.
2.2.2
The success or failure of the Use or Attempted Use of a
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method is not material. It issufficient that the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method was Used
or Attempted to be Used for an anti-doping rule violation to becommitted.
[Comment to Article 2.2.2: Demonstrating the "Attempted Use" of a Prohibited
Substance or a Prohibited Method requires proof of intent on the Athlete’s part.
The fact that intent may be required to prove this particular anti-doping ruleviolation does not undermine the Strict Liability principle established for violationsof Article 2.1 and violations of Article 2.2 in respect of Use of a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method.
An Athlete’s “Use” of a Prohibited Substance constitutes an anti-doping ruleviolation unless such substance is not prohibited Out-of-Competition and theAthlete’s Use takes place Out-of-Competition.
(However, the presence of a
Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in a Sample collected InCompetition is a violation of Article 2.1 regardless of when that substance might
have been administered).]
2.3

Evading, Refusing or Failing to Submit to Sample Collection

Evading Sample collection, or without compelling justification refusing or
failing to submit to Sample collection after notification as authorized in theseAnti-Doping Rules or other applicable anti-doping rules.
[Comment to Article 2.3: For example, it would be an anti-doping rule violation of“evading Sample collection” if it were established that an Athlete was deliberately
avoiding a Doping Control official to evade notification or Testing. A violation of“failing to submit to Sample collection” may be based on either intentional or
negligent conduct of the Athlete, while "evading" or “refusing” Sample collection
contemplates intentional conduct by the Athlete.]
2.4

Whereabouts Failures

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Any combination of three missed tests and/or filing failures, as defined in theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations, within a twelve-month
period by an Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool.
2.5 Tampering or Attempted Tampering with any part of Doping
Control
Conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would nototherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods. Tampering
shall include, without limitation, intentionally interfering or attempting tointerfere with a Doping Control official, providing fraudulent information to an
Anti-Doping Organization, or intimidating or attempting to intimidate apotential witness.

[Comment to Article 2.5:

For example, this Article would prohibit altering
identification numbers on a Doping Control form during Testing, breaking the B
bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, or altering a Sample by the addition of aforeign substance. Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other
Person involved in Doping Control which does not otherwise constitute Tampering
shall be addressed in the disciplinary rules of sport organizations.]
2.6

Possession of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method
2.6.1
Possession by an Athlete In-Competition of any Prohibited
Substance or any Prohibited Method, or Possession by an Athlete Outof-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method
which is prohibited Out-of-Competition unless the Athlete establishes
that the Possession is consistent with a Therapeutic Use Exemption(“TUE”) granted in accordance with Article 4.4 or other acceptablejustification.
2.6.2 Possession by an Athlete Support Person In-Competition of any
Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method, or Possession by an
Athlete Support Person Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited
Substance or any Prohibited Method which is prohibited Out-ofCompetition in connection with an Athlete, Competition or training,
unless the Athlete Support Person establishes that the Possession isconsistent with a TUE granted to an Athlete in accordance with Article
4.4 or other acceptable justification.

[Comment to Articles 2.6.1 and 2.6.2: Acceptable justification would not include,for example, buying or Possessing a Prohibited Substance for purposes of giving it
to a friend or relative, except under justifiable medical circumstances where that
Person had a physician’s prescription, e.g., buying Insulin for a diabetic child.][Comment to Article 2.6.2: Acceptable justification would include, for example, ateam doctor carrying Prohibited Substances for dealing with acute and emergency
situations.]

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2.7 Trafficking or Attempted
Substance or Prohibited Method

Trafficking

in

any

Prohibited

2.8 Administration or Attempted Administration to any Athlete InCompetition of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, or
Administration or Attempted Administration to any Athlete Out-ofCompetition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Methodthat is prohibited Out-of-Competition
2.9 Complicity
Assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, conspiring, covering up or any othertype of intentional complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation,
Attempted anti-doping rule violation or violation of Article 10.12.1 by another
Person.
2.10 Prohibited Association
Association by an Athlete or other Person subject to the authority of an AntiDoping Organization in a professional or sport-related capacity with any Athlete
Support Person who:
2.10.1 If subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization, isserving a period of Ineligibility; or
2.10.2 If not subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization
and where Ineligibility has not been addressed in a results management
process pursuant to the Code, has been convicted or found in a criminal,
disciplinary or professional proceeding to have engaged in conduct which
would have constituted a violation of anti-doping rules if Code-compliant
rules had been applicable to such Person. The disqualifying status ofsuch Person shall be in force for the longer of six years from thecriminal, professional or disciplinary decision or the duration of thecriminal, disciplinary or professional sanction imposed; or
2.10.3 Is serving as a front or intermediary for an individual describedin Article 2.10.1 or 2.10.2.
In order for this provision to apply, it is necessary that the Athlete or other
Person has previously been advised in writing by an Anti-Doping Organization
with jurisdiction over the Athlete or other Person, or by WADA, of the Athlete
Support Person’s disqualifying status and the potential Consequence ofprohibited association and that the Athlete or other Person can reasonably
avoid the association. The Anti-Doping Organization shall also use reasonable
efforts to advise the Athlete Support Person who is the subject of the notice to
the Athlete or other Person that the Athlete Support Person may, within 15
days, come forward to the Anti-Doping Organization to explain that the criteria
described in Articles 2.10.1 and 2.10.2 do not apply to him or her.
(Notwithstanding Article 17, this Article applies even when the Athlete
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Support Person’s disqualifying conduct occurred prior to the effective dateprovided in Article 20.7.)
The burden shall be on the Athlete or other Person to establish that any
association with Athlete Support Personnel described in Article 2.10.1 or 2.10.2
is not in a professional or sport-related capacity.
Anti-Doping Organizations that are aware of Athlete Support Personnel whomeet the criteria described in Article 2.10.1, 2.10.2, or 2.10.3 shall submit that
information to WADA.
[Comment to Article 2.10: Athletes and other Persons must not work with coaches,trainers, physicians or other Athlete Support Personnel who are Ineligible on
account of an anti-doping rule violation or who have been criminally convicted or
professionally disciplined in relation to doping. Some examples of the types ofassociation which are prohibited include: obtaining training, strategy, technique,nutrition or medical advice; obtaining therapy, treatment or prescriptions; providing
any bodily products for analysis; or allowing the Athlete Support Person to serve asan agent or representative. Prohibited association need not involve any form ofcompensation.]
ARTICLE 3 PROOF OF DOPING
3.1

Burdens and Standards of Proof

IWWF shall have the burden of establishing that an anti-doping rule violation
has occurred. The standard of proof shall be whether IWWF has establishedan anti-doping rule violation to the comfortable satisfaction of the hearing
panel bearing in mind the seriousness of the allegation which is made. This
standard of proof in all cases is greater than a mere balance of probability
but less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Where these Anti-Doping
Rules place the burden of proof upon the Athlete or other Person alleged tohave committed an anti-doping rule violation to rebut a presumption or
establish specified facts or circumstances, the standard of proof shall be by abalance of probability.
[Comment to Article 3.1: This standard of proof required to be met by IWWF iscomparable to the standard which is applied in most countries to cases involving
professional misconduct.]3.2

Methods of Establishing Facts and Presumptions

Facts related to anti-doping rule violations may be established by any reliablemeans, including admissions. The following rules of proof shall be applicablein doping cases:[Comment to Article 3.2: For example, IWWF may establish an anti-doping ruleviolation under Article 2.2 based on the Athlete’s admissions, the credible testimonyof third Persons, reliable documentary evidence, reliable analytical data from either
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an A or B Sample as provided in the Comments to Article 2.2, or conclusions drawn
from the profile of a series of the Athlete’s blood or urine Samples, such as datafrom the Athlete Biological Passport.]
3.2.1 Analytical methods or decision limits approved by WADA after
consultation within the relevant scientific community and which havebeen the subject of peer review are presumed to be scientifically valid.
Any Athlete or other Person seeking to rebut this presumption ofscientific validity shall, as a condition precedent to any such challenge,
first notify WADA of the challenge and the basis of the challenge. CAS
on its own initiative may also inform WADA of any such challenge. At
WADA’s request, the CAS panel shall appoint an appropriate scientificexpert to assist the panel in its evaluation of the challenge. Within 10
days of WADA’s receipt of such notice, and WADA’s receipt of the CAS
file, WADA shall also have the right to intervene as a party, appear
amicus curiae, or otherwise provide evidence in such proceeding.
3.2.2 WADA-accredited laboratories, and other laboratories approved
by WADA, are presumed to have conducted Sample analysis andcustodial procedures in accordance with the International Standard forLaboratories. The Athlete or other Person may rebut this presumption
by establishing that a departure from the International Standard forLaboratories occurred which could reasonably have caused the Adverse
Analytical Finding. If the Athlete or other Person rebuts the preceding
presumption by showing that a departure from the International
Standard for Laboratories occurred which could reasonably havecaused the Adverse Analytical Finding, then IWWF shall have theburden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse
Analytical Finding.
[Comment to Article 3.2.2: The burden is on the Athlete or other Person toestablish, by a balance of probability, a departure from the International Standard
for Laboratories that could reasonably have caused the Adverse Analytical Finding.
If the Athlete or other Person does so, the burden shifts to IWWF to prove to the
comfortable satisfaction of the hearing panel that the departure did not cause theAdverse Analytical Finding.]
3.2.3
Departures from any other International Standard or otheranti-doping rule or policy set forth in the Code or these Anti-Doping
Rules which did not cause an Adverse Analytical Finding or other antidoping rule violation shall not invalidate such evidence or results. If
the Athlete or other Person establishes a departure from another
International Standard or other anti-doping rule or policy which could
reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on an
Adverse Analytical Finding or other anti-doping rule violation, then
IWWF shall have the burden to establish that such departure did notcause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the factual basis for the antidoping rule violation.

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3.2.4 The facts established by a decision of a court or professional
disciplinary tribunal of competent jurisdiction which is not the subjectof a pending appeal shall be irrebuttable evidence against the Athlete
or other Person to whom the decision pertained of those facts unlessthe Athlete or other Person establishes that the decision violated
principles of natural justice.
3.2.5 The hearing panel in a hearing on an anti-doping rule violation
may draw an inference adverse to the Athlete or other Person who isasserted to have committed an anti-doping rule violation based on the
Athlete’s or other Person’s refusal, after a request made in areasonable time in advance of the hearing, to appear at the hearing(either in person or telephonically as directed by the hearing panel)and to answer questions from the hearing panel or IWWF.
ARTICLE 4 THE PROHIBITED LIST
4.1

Incorporation of the Prohibited List

These Anti-Doping Rules incorporate the Prohibited List, which is publishedand revised by WADA as described in Article 4.1 of the Code.
[Comment to Article 4.1: The current Prohibited List is available on WADA's
website at www.wada-ama.org.]
4.2 Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods Identified on
the Prohibited List
4.2.1

Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods

Unless provided otherwise in the Prohibited List and/or a revision, theProhibited List and revisions shall go into effect under these AntiDoping Rules three months after publication by WADA, without
requiring any further action by IWWF or its National Federations. All
Athletes and other Persons shall be bound by the Prohibited List, andany revisions thereto, from the date they go into effect, without
further formality. It is the responsibility of all Athletes and other
Persons to familiarize themselves with the most up-to-date version of
the Prohibited List and all revisions thereto.
4.2.2 Specified Substances
For purposes of the application of Article 10, all Prohibited Substances
shall be Specified Substances except substances in the classes ofanabolic agents and hormones and those stimulants and hormone
antagonists and modulators so identified on the Prohibited List. The
category of Specified Substances shall not include Prohibited Methods.

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[Comment to Article 4.2.2: The Specified Substances identified in Article 4.2.2
should not in any way be considered less important or less dangerous than other
doping substances. Rather, they are simply substances which are more likely tohave been consumed by an Athlete for a purpose other than the enhancement ofsport performance.]
4.3

WADA’s Determination of the Prohibited List

WADA’s determination of the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods
that will be included on the Prohibited List, the classification of substances
into categories on the Prohibited List, and the classification of a substance asprohibited at all times or In-Competition only, is final and shall not be subject
to challenge by an Athlete or other Person based on an argument that thesubstance or method was not a masking agent or did not have the potential
to enhance performance, represent a health risk or violate the spirit of sport.
4.4

Therapeutic Use Exemptions (“TUEs”)
4.4.1 The presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites orMarkers, and/or the Use or Attempted Use, Possession or
Administration or Attempted Administration of a Prohibited Substanceor Prohibited Method, shall not be considered an anti-doping ruleviolation if it is consistent with the provisions of a TUE granted inaccordance with the International Standard for Therapeutic Use
Exemptions.
4.4.2 If an International-Level Athlete as defined by IWWF in thescope of these Anti-Doping rules is using a Prohibited Substance or a
Prohibited Method for therapeutic reasons:4.4.2.1 Where the Athlete already has a TUE granted by his or
her National Anti-Doping Organization for the substance or
method in question, that TUE is automatically valid forinternational-level Competition, provided that such TUE decision
has been reported in accordance with Article 5.4 of theInternational Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions forreview by WADA.

[Comment to Article 4.4.2.1: Further to Articles 5.6 and 7.1(a) of the International
Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, IWWF will publish notice on its website
http://www.iwwfed.com that it will automatically recognize TUE decisions made by
National Anti-Doping Organizations. If an Athlete's TUE falls into a category of
automatically recognized TUEs, then he/she does not need to apply to IWWF forrecognition of that TUE.
If IWWF refuses to recognize a TUE granted by a National Anti-Doping Organization
only because medical records or other information are missing that are needed todemonstrate satisfaction of the criteria in the International Standard for

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Therapeutic Use Exemptions, the matter should not be referred to WADA. Instead,the file should be completed and re-submitted to IWWF
4.4.2.2 If the Athlete does not already have a TUE granted by
his/her National Anti-Doping Organization for the substance or
method in question, the Athlete must apply directly to IWWF fora TUE in accordance with the process set out in the International
Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, using the form
posted on IWWF website at http://www.iwwfed.com. If IWWF
denies the Athlete’s application, it must notify the Athlete
promptly, with reasons.
If IWWF grants the Athlete’s
application, it shall notify not only the Athlete but also his/her
National Anti-Doping Organization. If the National Anti-Doping
Organization considers that the TUE granted by IWWF does notmeet the criteria set out in the International Standard for
Therapeutic Use Exemptions, it has 21 days from such
notification to refer the matter to WADA for review inaccordance with Article 4.4.6.
If the National Anti-Doping
Organization refers the matter to WADA for review, the TUE
granted by IWWF remains valid for international-level
Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing (but is not valid fornational-level Competition) pending WADA’s decision. If the
National Anti-Doping Organization does not refer the matter to
WADA for review, the TUE granted by IWWF becomes valid fornational-level Competition as well when the 21-day review
deadline expires.
[Comment to Article 4.4.2:
IWWF may agree with a National Anti-Doping
Organization that the National Anti-Doping Organization will consider TUE
applications on behalf of IWWF]
4.4.3 If IWWF chooses to test an Athlete who is not an InternationalLevel Athlete, IWWF shall recognize a TUE granted to that Athlete byhis or her National Anti-Doping Organization. If IWWF chooses to testan Athlete who is not an International-Level or a National-Level
Athlete, IWWF shall permit that Athlete to apply for a retroactive TUE
for any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method that he/she is using
for therapeutic reasons.
4.4.4 An application to IWWF for grant of a TUE must be made assoon as the need arises and in any event (save in emergency or
exceptional situations or where Article 4.3 of the International
Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions applies) at least 30 days
before the Athlete’s next Competition. IWWF shall appoint a panel of
3 physicians to consider applications for the grant of TUEs (the “TUE
Committee”). The TUE Committee shall promptly evaluate and decideupon the application in accordance with the relevant provisions of theInternational Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions. Its decision
shall be the final decision of IWWF, and shall be reported to WADA and
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other relevant Anti-Doping Organizations, including the Athlete's
National Anti-Doping Organization, through ADAMS, in accordance with
the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions.
[Comment to Article 4.4.4: The submission of false or misleadingly incomplete
information in support of a TUE application (including but not limited to the failure
to advise of the unsuccessful outcome of a prior application to another Anti-Doping
Organization for such a TUE) may result in a charge of Tampering or Attempted
Tampering under Article 2.5.
An Athlete should not assume that his/her application for grant or recognition of a
TUE (or for renewal of a TUE) will be granted.
Any Use or Possession or
Administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method before an application
has been granted is entirely at the Athlete’s own risk.]

4.4.5
TUE

Expiration, Cancellation, Withdrawal or Reversal of a

4.4.5.1 A TUE granted pursuant to these Anti-Doping Rules:(a) shall expire automatically at the end of any term for which it
was granted, without the need for any further notice or otherformality; (b) may be cancelled if the Athlete does not promptly
comply with any requirements or conditions imposed by the TUE
Committee upon grant of the TUE; (c) may be withdrawn by the
TUE Committee if it is subsequently determined that the criteria
for grant of a TUE are not in fact met; or (d) may be reversedon review by WADA or on appeal.
4.4.5.2 In such event, the Athlete shall not be subject to any
Consequences based on his/her Use or Possession or
Administration of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method
in question in accordance with the TUE prior to the effective dateof expiry, cancellation, withdrawal or reversal of the TUE. The
review pursuant to Article 7.2 of any subsequent Adverse
Analytical Finding shall include consideration of whether suchfinding is consistent with Use of the Prohibited Substance or
Prohibited Method prior to that date, in which event no antidoping rule violation shall be asserted.
4.4.6

Reviews and Appeals of TUE Decisions
4.4.6.1 WADA shall review any decision by IWWF not torecognize a TUE granted by the National Anti-Doping
Organization that is referred to WADA by the Athlete or the
Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization. In addition, WADA
shall review any decision by IWWF to grant a TUE that isreferred to WADA by the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping
Organization. WADA may review any other TUE decisions at any
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time, whether upon request by those affected or on its own
initiative. If the TUE decision being reviewed meets the criteria
set out in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use
Exemptions, WADA will not interfere with it. If the TUE decision
does not meet those criteria, WADA will reverse it.
4.4.6.2 Any TUE decision by IWWF (or by a National AntiDoping Organization where it has agreed to consider theapplication on behalf of IWWF that is not reviewed by WADA, orthat is reviewed by WADA but is not reversed upon review, may
be appealed by the Athlete and/or the Athlete’s National AntiDoping Organization exclusively to CAS, in accordance with
Article 13.
[Comment to Article 4.4.6.2: In such cases, the decision being appealed is the
IWWF’s TUE decision, not WADA’s decision not to review the TUE decision or(having reviewed it) not to reverse the TUE decision. However, the deadline toappeal the TUE decision does not begin to run until the date that WADA
communicates its decision. In any event, whether the decision has been reviewed
by WADA or not, WADA shall be given notice of the appeal so that it may
participate if it sees fit.]
4.4.6.3 A decision by WADA to reverse a TUE decision may be
appealed by the Athlete, the National Anti-Doping Organization
and/or IWWF exclusively to CAS, in accordance with Article 13.
4.4.6.4 A failure to take action within a reasonable time on aproperly submitted application for grant or recognition of a TUE
or for review of a TUE decision shall be considered a denial of
the application.
ARTICLE 5 TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS
5.1

Purpose of Testing and Investigations

Testing and investigations shall only be undertaken for anti-doping purposes.
They shall be conducted in conformity with the provisions of the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations.
5.1.1 Testing shall be undertaken to obtain analytical evidence as to
the Athlete’s compliance (or non-compliance) with the strict Codeprohibition on the presence/Use of a Prohibited Substance or
Prohibited Method. Test distribution planning, Testing, post-Testing
activity and all related activities conducted by IWWF shall be inconformity with the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations.
IWWF shall determine the number of finishingplacement tests, random tests and target tests to be performed, in
accordance with the criteria established by the International Standard
for Testing and Investigations. All provisions of the International
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Standard for Testing and Investigations shall apply automatically inrespect of all such Testing.
Investigations shall be undertaken:

5.1.2

5.1.2.1
in relation to Atypical Findings, Atypical Passport
Findings and Adverse Passport Findings, in accordance with
Articles 7.4 and 7.5 respectively, gathering intelligence orevidence (including, in particular, analytical evidence) in orderto determine whether an anti-doping rule violation has occurredunder Article 2.1 and/or Article 2.2; and5.1.2.2
in relation to other indications of potential anti-doping
rule violations, in accordance with Articles 7.6 and 7.7,
gathering intelligence or evidence (including, in particular, nonanalytical evidence) in order to determine whether an antidoping rule violation has occurred under any of Articles 2.2 to
2.10.
5.1.3 IWWF may obtain, assess and process anti-doping intelligencefrom all available sources, to inform the development of an effective,
intelligent and proportionate test distribution plan, to plan Target
Testing, and/or to form the basis of an investigation into a possible
anti-doping rule violation(s).
5.2

Authority to conduct Testing
5.2.1
Subject to the jurisdictional limitations for Event Testing set
out in Article 5.3 of the Code, IWWF shall have In-Competition andOut-of-Competition Testing authority over all of the Athletes specified
in the Introduction to these Anti-Doping Rules (under the heading"Scope").
5.2.2
IWWF may require any Athlete over whom it has Testing
authority (including any Athlete serving a period of Ineligibility) toprovide a Sample at any time and at any place.

[Comment to Article 5.2.2: Unless the Athlete has identified a 60-minute time-slot
for Testing between the hours of 11pm and 6am, or has otherwise consented to
Testing during that period, IWWF will not test an Athlete during that period unless it
has a serious and specific suspicion that the Athlete may be engaged in doping. A
challenge to whether IWWF had sufficient suspicion for Testing in that period shallnot be a defense to an anti-doping rule violation based on such test or attempted
test.]
5.2.3
WADA shall have In-Competition and Out-of-Competition
Testing authority as set out in Article 20.7.8 of the Code.

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5.2.4
If IWWF delegates or contracts any part of Testing to a
National Anti-Doping Organization (directly or through a National
Federation), that National Anti-Doping Organization may collectadditional Samples or direct the laboratory to perform additional typesof analysis at the National Anti-Doping Organization’s expense. If
additional Samples are collected or additional types of analysis are
performed, IWWF shall be notified.
5.3

Event Testing
5.3.1
Except as provided in Article 5.3 of the Code, only a single
organization should be responsible for initiating and directing Testingat Event Venues during an Event Period. At International Events, thecollection of Samples shall be initiated and directed by IWWF (or any
other international organization which is the ruling body for the Event).
At the request of IWWF (or any other international organization whichis the ruling body for an Event), any Testing during the Event Period
outside of the Event Venues shall be coordinated with IWWF (or the
relevant ruling body of the Event).
5.3.2
If an Anti-Doping Organization which would otherwise have
Testing authority but is not responsible for initiating and directing
Testing at an Event desires to conduct Testing of Athletes at the Event
Venues during the Event Period, the Anti-Doping Organization shallfirst confer with IWWF (or any other international organization which is
the ruling body of the Event) to obtain permission to conduct andcoordinate such Testing.
If the Anti-Doping Organization is notsatisfied with the response from IWWF (or any other internationalorganization which is the ruling body of the Event), the Anti-Doping
Organization may ask WADA for permission to conduct Testing and to
determine how to coordinate such Testing, in accordance with theprocedures set out in the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations. WADA shall not grant approval for such Testing before
consulting with and informing IWWF (or any other internationalorganization which is the ruling body for the Event). WADA’s decision
shall be final and not subject to appeal. Unless otherwise provided in
the authorization to conduct Testing, such tests shall be consideredOut-of-Competition tests. Results management for any such test shallbe the responsibility of the Anti-Doping Organization initiating the test
unless provided otherwise in the rules of the ruling body of the Event.

5.4

Test Distribution Planning

Consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations,and in coordination with other Anti-Doping Organizations conducting Testingon the same Athletes, IWWF shall develop and implement an effective,
intelligent and proportionate test distribution plan that prioritizes appropriately
between disciplines, categories of Athletes, types of Testing, types of Samples
collected, and types of Sample analysis, all in compliance with the
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requirements of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
IWWF shall provide WADA upon request with a copy of its current test
distribution plan.
IWWF shall ensure that Athlete Support Personnel and/or any other personwith a conflict of interest are not involved in test distribution planning for their
Athletes or in the process of selection of Athletes for Testing.
5.5

Coordination of Testing

Where reasonably feasible, Testing shall be coordinated through ADAMS oranother system approved by WADA in order to maximize the effectiveness ofthe combined Testing effort and to avoid unnecessary repetitive Testing.
5.6

Athlete Whereabouts Information
5.6.1 IWWF shall identify a Registered Testing Pool of those Athletes
who are required to comply with the whereabouts requirements ofAnnex I to the International Standard for Testing and Investigations,and shall make available through ADAMS, a list which identifies those
Athletes included in its Registered Testing Pool either by name or byclearly defined, specific criteria. IWWF shall coordinate with National
Anti-Doping Organizations the identification of such Athletes and thecollection of their whereabouts information. IWWF shall review andupdate as necessary its criteria for including Athletes in its Registered
Testing Pool, and shall revise the membership of its Registered Testing
Pool from time to time as appropriate in accordance with the set
criteria. Athletes shall be notified before they are included in a
Registered Testing Pool and when they are removed from that pool.
Each Athlete in the Registered Testing Pool shall do the following, ineach case in accordance with Annex I to the International Standard for
Testing and Investigations: (a) advise IWWF of his/her whereabouts
on a quarterly basis; (b) update that information as necessary so thatit remains accurate and complete at all times; and (c) makehim/herself available for Testing at such whereabouts.
5.6.2 For purposes of Article 2.4, an Athlete’s failure to comply withthe requirements of the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations shall be deemed a filing failure or a missed test (asdefined in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations)where the conditions set forth in the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations for declaring a filing failure or missed test are met.
5.6.3 An Athlete in IWWF’s Registered Testing Pool shall continue tobe subject to the obligation to comply with the whereabouts
requirements of Annex I to the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations unless and until (a) the Athlete gives written notice to
IWWF that he/she has retired or (b) IWWF has informed him or her

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that he/she no longer satisfies the criteria for inclusion in IWWF's
Registered Testing Pool.
5.6.4 Whereabouts information relating to an Athlete shall be shared(through ADAMS) with WADA and other Anti-Doping Organizations
having authority to test that Athlete, shall be maintained in strict
confidence at all times, shall be used exclusively for the purposes set
out in Article 5.6 of the Code, and shall be destroyed in accordancewith the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy andPersonal Information once it is no longer relevant for these purposes.
5.7

Retired Athletes Returning to Competition
5.7.1 An Athlete in IWWF’s Registered Testing Pool who has given
notice of retirement to IWWF may not resume competing inInternational Events or National Events until he/she has given IWWF
written notice of his/her intent to resume competing and has madehim/herself available for Testing for a period of six months before
returning to Competition, including (if requested) complying with thewhereabouts requirements of Annex I to the International Standard for
Testing and Investigations. WADA, in consultation with IWWF and theAthlete's National Anti-Doping Organization, may grant an exemption
to the six-month written notice rule where the strict application of thatrule would be manifestly unfair to an Athlete. This decision may be
appealed under Article 13.
Any competitive results obtained inviolation of this Article 5.7.1 shall be Disqualified.
5.7.2
If an Athlete retires from sport while subject to a period of
Ineligibility, the Athlete shall not resume competing in International
Events or National Events until the Athlete has given six months priorwritten notice (or notice equivalent to the period of Ineligibility
remaining as of the date the Athlete retired, if that period was longer
than six months) to IWWF
and to his/her National Anti-Doping
Organization of his/her intent to resume competing and has madehim/herself available for Testing for that notice period, including (ifrequested) complying with the whereabouts requirements of Annex I
to the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
5.7.3 An Athlete who is not in IWWF ’s Registered Testing Pool who
has given notice of retirement to IWWF may not resume competing
unless he/she notifies IWWF and his/her National Anti-Doping
Organization at least six months before he/she wishes to return toCompetition and makes him/herself available for unannounced Out-ofCompetition Testing, including (if requested) complying with thewhereabouts requirements of Annex I to the International Standard for
Testing and Investigations, during the period before actual return toCompetition.

5.8

Independent Observer Program
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IWWF and the organizing committees for IWWF’s Events, as well as the
National Federations and the organizing committees for National Events, shallauthorize and facilitate the Independent Observer Program at such Events.

ARTICLE 6 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES
Samples shall be analyzed in accordance with the following principles:
6.1

Use of Accredited and Approved Laboratories

For purposes of Article 2.1, Samples shall be analyzed only in laboratories
accredited or otherwise approved by WADA. The choice of the WADAaccredited or WADA-approved laboratory used for the Sample analysis shallbe determined exclusively by IWWF.
[Comment to Article 6.1: Violations of Article 2.1 may be established only by
Sample analysis performed by a laboratory accredited or otherwise approved by
WADA. Violations of other Articles may be established using analytical results fromother laboratories so long as the results are reliable.]
6.2

Purpose of Analysis of Samples
6.2.1 Samples shall be analyzed to detect Prohibited Substances andProhibited Methods and other substances as may be directed by WADA
pursuant to the Monitoring Program described in Article 4.5 of theCode; or to assist IWWF in profiling relevant parameters in an
Athlete’s urine, blood or other matrix, including DNA or genomic
profiling; or for any other legitimate anti-doping purpose. Samples
may be collected and stored for future analysis.

[Comment to Article 6.2.1: For example, relevant profile information could be used
to direct Target Testing or to support an anti-doping rule violation proceeding under
Article 2.2, or both.]6.2.2 IWWF shall ask laboratories to analyze Samples in conformity
with Article 6.4 of the Code and Article 4.7 of the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations.
6.3

Research on Samples

No Sample may be used for research without the Athlete's written consent.
Samples used for purposes other than Article 6.2 shall have any means ofidentification removed such that they cannot be traced back to a particular
Athlete.
6.4

Standards for Sample Analysis and Reporting

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Laboratories shall analyze Samples and report results in conformity with theInternational Standard for Laboratories. To ensure effective Testing, theTechnical Document referenced at Article 5.4.1 of the Code will establish risk
assessment-based Sample analysis menus appropriate for particular sports
and sport disciplines, and laboratories shall analyze Samples in conformity
with those menus, except as follows:
6.4.1 IWWF may request that laboratories analyze its Samples using
more extensive menus than those described in the TechnicalDocument.
6.4.2 IWWF may request that laboratories analyze its Samples using
less extensive menus than those described in the Technical Document
only if it has satisfied WADA that, because of the particular
circumstances of its sport, as set out in its test distribution plan, lessextensive analysis would be appropriate.
6.4.3
As provided in the International Standard for Laboratories,
laboratories at their own initiative and expense may analyze Samples
for Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods not included on the
Sample analysis menu described in the Technical Document or
specified by the Testing authority. Results from any such analysis shallbe reported and have the same validity and consequence as any otheranalytical result.
[Comment to Article 6.4: The objective of this Article is to extend the principle of“intelligent Testing” to the Sample analysis menu so as to most effectively andefficiently detect doping. It is recognized that the resources available to fightdoping are limited and that increasing the Sample analysis menu may, in some
sports and countries, reduce the number of Samples which can be analyzed.]
6.5

Further Analysis of Samples

Any Sample may be stored and subsequently subjected to further analysis
for the purposes set out in Article 6.2: (a) by WADA at any time; and/or (b)by IWWF at any time before both the A and B Sample analytical results (or A
Sample result where B Sample analysis has been waived or will not be
performed) have been communicated by IWWF to the Athlete as the asserted
basis for an Article 2.1 anti-doping rule violation. Such further analysis of
Samples shall conform with the requirements of the International Standard
for Laboratories and the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations.

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ARTICLE 7 RESULTS MANAGEMENT
7.1

Responsibility for Conducting Results Management
7.1.1 The circumstances in which IWWF shall take responsibility for
conducting results management in respect of anti-doping rule violations
involving Athletes and other Persons under its jurisdiction shall be
determined by reference to and in accordance with Article 7 of the Code.
7.1.2 The IWWF’s Anti-Doping Administrator or its delegate willconduct the review discussed in Articles 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6. The
review prescribed in Article 7.7 should be conducted by a Doping
Review Panel consisting of a Chair (who might be the IWWF’s AntiDoping Administrator or its delegate) and 2 other members withexperience in anti-doping.

7.2 Review of Adverse Analytical Findings From Tests Initiated by
IWWF
Results management in respect of the results of tests initiated by IWWF
(including tests performed by WADA pursuant to agreement with IWWF shallproceed as follows:
7.2.1 The results from all analyses must be sent to IWWF in encoded
form, in a report signed by an authorized representative of thelaboratory. All communication must be conducted confidentially and in
conformity with ADAMS.
7.2.2 Upon receipt of an Adverse Analytical Finding, IWWF AntiDoping Administrator or its delegate shall conduct a review todetermine whether: (a) an applicable TUE has been granted or will be
granted as provided in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use
Exemptions, or (b) there is any apparent departure from theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations or International
Standard for Laboratories that caused the Adverse Analytical Finding.
7.2.3 If the review of an Adverse Analytical Finding under Article
7.2.2 reveals an applicable TUE or departure from the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations or the International Standard
for Laboratories that caused the Adverse Analytical Finding, the entire
test shall be considered negative and the Athlete, the Athlete’s
National Anti-Doping Organization and WADA shall be so informed.
7.3 Notification
Findings

After

Review

RegardingAdverseAnalytical

7.3.1 If the review of an Adverse Analytical Finding under Article
7.2.2 does not reveal an applicable TUE or entitlement to a TUE as
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provided in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use
Exemptions, or departure from the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations or the International Standard for Laboratories thatcaused the Adverse Analytical Finding, IWWF’s Anti-Doping
Administrator or its delegate shall promptly notify the Athlete, andsimultaneously the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization and
WADA, in the manner set out in Article 14.1, of: (a) the Adverse
Analytical Finding; (b) the anti-doping rule violated; (c) the Athlete's
right to promptly request the analysis of the B Sample or, failing such
request, that the B Sample analysis may be deemed waived; (d) thescheduled date, time and place for the B Sample analysis if the Athlete
or IWWF chooses to request an analysis of the B Sample; (e) the
opportunity for the Athlete and/or the Athlete's representative toattend the B Sample opening and analysis in accordance with theInternational Standard for Laboratories if such analysis is requested;(f) the Athlete's right to request copies of the A and B Sample
laboratory documentation package which includes information as
required by the International Standard for Laboratories; (g) the
Athlete’s right to request the hearing or, failing such request within thedeadline specified in the notification, that the hearing may be deemed
waived; (h) the opportunity for the athlete to provide written
explanation about the overall circumstances of the case or to dispute(within a specific deadline indicated in the notification) the IWWF’s
Anti-Doping Administrator or its delegate assertion that an anti-doping
rule violation has occurred; (i) the imposition of a mandatory
provisional suspension (in case described in Article 7.9.1); (j) the
imposition of the optional provisional suspension in case where IWWF’s
Anti-Doping Administrator or its delegate decides to impose it inaccordance with Article 7.9.2; (k) the opportunity to accept voluntarily
a Provisional Suspension pending the resolution of the matter, in allcases where a Provisional Suspension has not been imposed; (l) the
Athlete’s opportunity to promptly admit the anti-doping rule violationand consequently request the reduction in the period of ineligibility as
described in Article 10.6.3; (m) the Athlete’s opportunity to cooperate
and provide Substantial Assistance in discovering or establishing antidoping rules violations as described in Article 10.6.1. If IWWF decides
not to bring forward the Adverse Analytical Finding as an anti-doping
rule violation, it shall so notify the Athlete, the Athlete’s National AntiDoping Organization and WADA.
7.3.2 Where requested by the Athlete or IWWF, arrangements shallbe made to analyze the B Sample in accordance with the International
Standard for Laboratories. An Athlete may accept the A Sample
analytical results by waiving the requirement for B Sample analysis.
IWWF may nonetheless elect to proceed with the B Sample analysis.
7.3.3 The Athlete and/or his representative shall be allowed to bepresent at the analysis of the B Sample. Also, a representative of

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IWWF, as well as a representative of the Athlete's National Federation
shall be allowed to be present.
7.3.4 If the B Sample analysis does not confirm the A Sample
analysis, then (unless IWWF takes the case forward as an anti-doping
rule violation under Article 2.2) the entire test shall be considerednegative and the Athlete, the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping
Organization and WADA shall be so informed.
7.3.5 If the B Sample analysis confirms the A Sample analysis, thefindings shall be reported to the Athlete, the Athlete’s National AntiDoping Organization and to WADA.
7.4

Review of Atypical Findings
7.4.1 As provided in the International Standard for Laboratories, insome circumstances laboratories are directed to report the presence ofProhibited Substances, which may also be produced endogenously, asAtypical Findings, i.e., as findings that are subject to further
investigation.
7.4.2 Upon receipt of an Atypical Finding, IWWF’s Anti-Doping
Administrator or its delegate shall conduct a review to determine
whether: (a) an applicable TUE has been granted or will be granted asprovided in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use
Exemptions, or (b) there is any apparent departure from theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations or International
Standard for Laboratories that caused the Atypical Finding.
7.4.3 If the review of an Atypical Finding under Article 7.4.2 reveals
an applicable TUE or a departure from the International Standard for
Testing and Investigations or the International Standard forLaboratories that caused the Atypical Finding, the entire test shall beconsidered negative and the Athlete, the Athlete’s National AntiDoping Organization and WADA shall be so informed.
7.4.4 If that review does not reveal an applicable TUE or a departurefrom the International Standard for Testing and Investigations or theInternational Standard for Laboratories that caused the AtypicalFinding, IWWF shall conduct the required investigation or cause it tobe conducted. After the investigation is completed, either the AtypicalFinding will be brought forward as an Adverse Analytical Finding, in
accordance with Article 7.3.1, or else the Athlete, the Athlete’s
National Anti-Doping Organization and WADA shall be notified that the
Atypical Finding will not be brought forward as an Adverse Analytical
Finding.
7.4.5 IWWF will not provide notice of an Atypical Finding until it hascompleted its investigation and has decided whether it will bring the25

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Atypical Finding forward as an Adverse Analytical Finding unless one of
the following circumstances exists:
7.4.5.1 If IWWF determines the B Sample should be analyzed
prior to the conclusion of its investigation, it may conduct the
B Sample analysis after notifying the Athlete, with such notice
to include a description of the Atypical Finding and theinformation described in Article 7.3.1(d)-(f).
7.4.5.2
If IWWF is asked (a) by a Major Event Organization
shortly before one of its International Events, or (b) by a sportorganization responsible for meeting an imminent deadline forselecting team members for an International Event, to disclose
whether any Athlete identified on a list provided by the Major
Event Organization or sport organization has a pending AtypicalFinding, IWWF shall so advise the Major Event Organization or
sports organization after first providing notice of the AtypicalFinding to the Athlete.
7.5
Review of Atypical Passport Findings and Adverse Passport
Findings
Review of Atypical Passport Findings and Adverse Passport Findings shall takeplace as provided in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations
and International Standard for Laboratories. At such time as IWWF’s AntiDoping Administrator or its delegate is satisfied that an anti-doping ruleviolation has occurred, it shall promptly give the Athlete (and simultaneously
the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization and WADA) notice of the antidoping rule violation asserted and the basis of that assertion.
7.6

Review of Whereabouts Failures

IWWF’s Anti-Doping Administrator or its delegate shall review potential filing
failures and missed tests, as defined in the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations, in respect of Athletes who file their whereabouts
information with IWWF, in accordance with Annex I to the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations. At such time as IWWF’s Anti-Doping
Administrator or its delegate is satisfied that an Article 2.4 anti-doping ruleviolation has occurred, it shall promptly give the Athlete (and simultaneously
the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization and WADA) notice that it isasserting a violation of Article 2.4 and the basis of that assertion.
7.7 Review of Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations Not Covered by
Articles 7.2–7.6
IWWF’s Doping Review Panel shall conduct any follow-up investigation
required into a possible anti-doping rule violation not covered by Articles 7.27.6. At such time as IWWF’s Doping Review Panel is satisfied that an antidoping rule violation has occurred, it shall promptly give the Athlete or other26
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Person (and simultaneously the Athlete’s or other Person’s National AntiDoping Organization and WADA) notice of the anti-doping rule violation
asserted and the basis of that assertion.
7.8

Identification of Prior Anti-Doping Rule Violations

Before giving an Athlete or other Person notice of an asserted anti-doping ruleviolation as provided above, IWWF shall refer to ADAMS and contact WADA andother relevant Anti-Doping Organizations to determine whether any prior antidoping rule violation exists.
7.9

Provisional Suspensions
7.9.1 Mandatory Provisional Suspension: If analysis of an A
Sample has resulted in an Adverse Analytical Finding for a Prohibited
Substance that is not a Specified Substance, or for a Prohibited
Method, and a review in accordance with Article 7.2.2 does not reveal
an applicable TUE or departure from the International Standard for
Testing and Investigations or the International Standard forLaboratories that caused the Adverse Analytical Finding, a Provisional
Suspension shall be imposed upon or promptly after the notification
described in Articles 7.2, 7.3 or 7.5.
7.9.2 Optional Provisional Suspension: In case of an Adverse
Analytical Finding for a Specified Substance, or in the case of any
other anti-doping rule violations not covered by Article 7.9.1, IWWF’s
Anti-Doping Administrator or its delegate may impose a Provisional
Suspension on the Athlete or other Person against whom the antidoping rule violation is asserted at any time after the review andnotification described in Articles 7.2–7.7 and prior to the final hearing
as described in Article 8.
7.9.3 Where a Provisional Suspension is imposed pursuant to Article
7.9.1 or Article 7.9.2, the Athlete or other Person shall be given either:(a) an opportunity for a Provisional Hearing either before or on atimely basis after imposition of the Provisional Suspension, if
requested by the Athlete or other Person; or (b) an opportunity for an
expedited final hearing in accordance with Article 8 on a timely basis
after imposition of the Provisional Suspension. Furthermore, theAthlete or other Person has a right to appeal from the Provisional
Suspension in accordance with Article 13.2 (save as set out in Article
7.9.3.1).
7.9.3.1
The Provisional Suspension may be lifted if theAthlete or other Person demonstrates to the competent Doping
Hearing Panel that the violation is likely to have involved aContaminated Product. A hearing panel’s decision not to lift amandatory Provisional Suspension on account of the Athlete’s

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assertion regarding a Contaminated Product shall not be
appealable.
7.9.3.2
The Provisional Suspension shall be imposed (orshall not be lifted) unless the Athlete or other Person establishes
that: (a) the assertion of an anti-doping rule violation has no
reasonable prospect of being upheld, e.g., because of a patent
flaw in the case against the Athlete or other Person; or (b) the
Athlete or other Person has a strong arguable case that he/shebears No Fault or Negligence for the anti-doping rule violation(s)asserted, so that any period of Ineligibility that might otherwise
be imposed for such a violation is likely to be completely
eliminated by application of Article 10.4; or (c) some other facts
exist that make it clearly unfair, in all of the circumstances, toimpose a Provisional Suspension prior to a final hearing inaccordance with Article 8. This ground is to be construed
narrowly, and applied only in truly exceptional circumstances.
For example, the fact that the Provisional Suspension would
prevent the Athlete or other Person participating in a particularCompetition or Event shall not qualify as exceptional
circumstances for these purposes.
7.9.4 If a Provisional Suspension is imposed based on an A Sample
Adverse Analytical Finding and subsequent analysis of the B Sample
does not confirm the A Sample analysis, then the Athlete shall not be
subject to any further Provisional Suspension on account of a violationof Article 2.1. In circumstances where the Athlete (or the Athlete'steam) has been removed from a Competition based on a violation of
Article 2.1 and the subsequent B Sample analysis does not confirm theA Sample finding, then if it is still possible for the Athlete or team to bereinserted, without otherwise affecting the Competition, the Athlete or
team may continue to take part in the Competition. In addition, theAthlete or team may thereafter take part in other Competitions in thesame Event.
7.9.5 In all cases where an Athlete or other Person has been notified
of an anti-doping rule violation but a Provisional Suspension has notbeen imposed on him or her, the Athlete or other Person shall beoffered the opportunity to accept a Provisional Suspension voluntarily
pending the resolution of the matter.
[Comment to Article 7.9: Athletes and other Persons shall receive credit for a
Provisional Suspension against any period of Ineligibility which is ultimately
imposed. See Articles 10.11.3.1 and 10.11.3.2.]
7.10 Resolution Without a Hearing
7.10.1

Agreement between parties

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At any time during the results management process the Athlete or other
Person may agree with IWWF on the Consequences which are either
mandated by the Code or which IWWF Chair of the Doping Hearing Panelor his/her delegate considers appropriate where discretion as toConsequences exists under these Rules and the Code. The agreement
shall state the full reasons for any period of Ineligibility agreed upon,
including (if applicable) a justification for why the discretion as toConsequences was applied. Such agreement shall be deemed to be adecision made under these Anti-Doping Rules within the meaning of
Article 13. The decision will be reported to parties with a right to appeal
under Article 13.2.3 as provided in Article 14.2.2 and shall be publishedin accordance with Article 14.3.2
7.10.2

Waiver of hearing

An Athlete or other Person against whom an anti-doping rule violation isasserted may waive a hearing expressly. Alternatively, if the Athlete orother Person against whom an anti-doping rule violation is asserted fails
to request the hearing and/or dispute that assertion within the deadline
specified in the notice sent by the IWWF Anti-Doping Administrator or its
delegate asserting the violation, then he/she shall be deemed to have
waived a hearing.
7.10.3 Process in case of athlete’s waiving of hearing
In cases where Article 7.10.2 applies, a hearing before the IWWF’s
Doping Hearing Panel shall not be required. Instead IWWF ’s Anti-Doping
Administrator or its delegate will refer the case to the IWWF’s Doping
Hearing Panel for adjudication, transmitting all the available documentsof the case. The IWWF’s Doping Hearing Panel is composed by threemembers (one Chair and two members) nominated by IWWF. The
IWWF’s Doping Hearing Panel shall promptly issue a written decision (inaccordance with Article 8.2) about the commission of the anti-doping
rule violation and the Consequences imposed as a result, and setting out
the full reasons for any period of Ineligibility imposed, including (ifapplicable) a justification for why the maximum potential period of
Ineligibility was not imposed. The IWWF shall send copies of thatdecision to other Anti-Doping Organizations with a right to appeal
under Article 13.2.3, and shall Publicly Disclose that decision inaccordance with Article 14.3.2.
7.11 Notification of Results Management Decisions
In all cases where IWWF has asserted the commission of an anti-doping ruleviolation, withdrawn the assertion of an anti-doping rule violation, imposed a
Provisional Suspension, or agreed with an Athlete or other Person on theimposition of Consequences without a hearing, IWWF shall give notice
thereof in accordance with Article 14.2.1 to other Anti-Doping Organizations
with a right to appeal under Article 13.2.3.
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7.12 Retirement from Sport
If an Athlete or other Person retires while IWWF is conducting the results
management process, IWWF retains jurisdiction to complete its results
management process. If an Athlete or other Person retires before any
results management process has begun, and IWWF would have had results
management authority over the Athlete or other Person at the time theAthlete or other Person committed an anti-doping rule violation, IWWF has
authority to conduct results management in respect of that anti-doping ruleviolation.
[Comment to Article 7.12: Conduct by an Athlete or other Person before the Athlete
or other Person was subject to the jurisdiction of any Anti-Doping Organization
would not constitute an anti-doping rule violation but could be a legitimate basis fordenying the Athlete or other Person membership in a sports organization.]

ARTICLE 8 RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING

8.1

Principles for a Fair Hearing
8.1.1 When IWWF sends a notice to an Athlete or other Person
asserting an anti-doping rule violation, and there is no agreement inaccordance with Article 7.10.1 or the Athlete or other Person does notwaive a hearing in accordance with Article 7.10.2, then the case shallbe referred to the IWWF’s Doping Hearing Panel for hearing andadjudication.
8.1.2 Hearings shall be scheduled and completed within a reasonable
time. Where a Provisional Suspension has been imposed or otherwise
accepted by the Athlete or other Person the hearings should be
expedited, in all cases the hearing should be held within 6 months
from the notification of the Athlete or other Person that an anti-doping
rule violation is being asserted. Hearings held in connection with
Events that are subject to these Anti-Doping Rules may be conductedby an expedited process where permitted by the hearing panel.

[Comment to Article 8.1.2: For example, a hearing could be expedited on the eveof a major Event where the resolution of the anti-doping rule violation is necessary
to determine the Athlete's eligibility to participate in the Event, or during an Event
where the resolution of the case will affect the validity of the Athlete's results orcontinued participation in the Event.]
8.1.3 The IWWF’s Doping Hearing Panel shall determine theprocedure to be followed at the hearing. The hearing process shallrespect the following principles:

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a) the right of each party to be represented by a counsel (at the
party’s own expense);b) the right to respond to the asserted anti-doping rule violation
and resulting Consequences;c) the right of each party to present evidence, including theright to call and question witnesses;d) the Athlete’s or other Person’s right to an interpreter at thehearing. The IWWF Doping Hearing Panel shall have jurisdiction
to determine which party shall bear the responsibility for thecost of the interpreter.

8.1.4
WADA and the National Federation of the Athlete or other
Person may attend the hearing as observers. In any event, IWWF
shall keep WADA fully apprised as to the status of pending cases andthe result of all hearings.
8.1.5
The IWWF Doping Hearing Panel shall act in a fair andimpartial manner towards all parties at all times.
8.2

Decisions
8.2.1 The IWWF Doping Hearing Panel shall issue a written decision
within 30 days from the date of the hearing or from the date the casehas been referred to the panel when the hearing has been waived by
the Athlete or other Person in accordance with Article 7.10.2. The
decision must include the full reasons for the decision and for any
period of Ineligibility imposed, including (if applicable) a justification
for why the greatest potential Consequences were not imposed. The
decision shall be written in English.
8.2.2 The decision may be appealed to the CAS as provided in
Article 13. Copies of the decision shall be provided to the Athlete orother Person and to other Anti-Doping Organizations with a right toappeal under Article 13.2.3.
8.2.3 If no appeal is brought against the decision, then (a) if thedecision is that an anti-doping rule violation was committed, thedecision shall be Publicly Disclosed as provided in Article 14.3.2; but(b) if the decision is that no anti-doping rule violation was committed,
then the decision shall only be Publicly Disclosed with the consent of
the Athlete or other Person who is the subject of the decision. IWWF
shall use reasonable efforts to obtain such consent, and if consent isobtained, shall Publicly Disclose the decision in its entirety or in suchredacted form as the Athlete or other Person may approve. The
principles contained at Article 14.3.6 shall be applied in cases involving
a Minor.

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8.3

Single Hearing Before CAS

Cases asserting anti-doping rule violations may be heard directly at CAS,
with no requirement for a prior hearing, with the consent of the Athlete,
IWWF, WADA, and any other Anti-Doping Organization that would have had aright to appeal a first instance hearing decision to CAS.
[Comment to Article 8.3: Where all of the parties identified in this Article aresatisfied that their interests will be adequately protected in a single hearing, there
is no need to incur the extra expense of two hearings. An Anti-Doping Organizationthat wants to participate in the CAS hearing as a party or as an observer may
condition its approval of a single hearing on being granted that right.]

ARTICLE 9 AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS
An anti-doping rule violation in Individual Sports in connection with an InCompetition test automatically leads to Disqualification of the result obtainedin that Competition with all resulting Consequences, including forfeiture ofany medals, points and prizes.
[Comment to Article 9: For Team Sports, any awards received by individual players
will be Disqualified. However, Disqualification of the team will be as provided in
Article 11. In sports which are not Team Sports but where awards are given toteams, Disqualification or other disciplinary action against the team when one ormore team members have committed an anti-doping rule violation shall be asprovided in the applicable rules of the International Federation.]

ARTICLE 10SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS

10.1 Disqualification of Results in the Event during which an AntiDoping Rule Violation Occurs
An anti-doping rule violation occurring during or in connection with an Eventmay, upon the decision of the ruling body of the Event, lead to
Disqualification of all of the Athlete's individual results obtained in that Event
with all Consequences, including forfeiture of all medals, points and prizes,
except as provided in Article 10.1.1.
Factors to be included in considering whether to Disqualify other results in an
Event might include, for example, the seriousness of the Athlete’s anti-doping
rule violation and whether the Athlete tested negative in the other
Competitions.
[Comment to Article 10.1: Whereas Article 9 Disqualifies the result in a single
Competition in which the Athlete tested positive (e.g., the Slalom), this Article maylead to Disqualification of all results in all races during the Event (e.g., the IWWF
World Waterski Championships).]
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10.1.1
If the Athlete establishes that he or she bears No Fault or
Negligence for the violation, the Athlete's individual results in the other
Competitions shall not be Disqualified, unless the Athlete's results in
Competitions other than the Competition in which the anti-doping ruleviolation occurred were likely to have been affected by the Athlete's
anti-doping rule violation.
10.2 Ineligibility for Presence, Use or Attempted Use, or Possessionof a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method
The period of Ineligibility for a violation of Articles 2.1, 2.2 or 2.6 shall be as
follows, subject to potential reduction or suspension pursuant to Articles
10.4, 10.5 or 10.6:
10.2.1The period of Ineligibility shall be four years where:

10.2.1.1
The anti-doping rule violation does not involve a
Specified Substance, unless the Athlete or other Person canestablish that the anti-doping rule violation was not intentional.
10.2.1.2
The anti-doping rule violation involves a Specified
Substance and IWWF can establish that the anti-doping ruleviolation was intentional.
10.2.2 If Article 10.2.1 does not apply, the period of Ineligibility shallbe two years.
10.2.3 As used in Articles 10.2 and 10.3, the term “intentional” ismeant to identify those Athletes who cheat. The term therefore
requires that the Athlete or other Person engaged in conduct which heor she knew constituted an anti-doping rule violation or knew that
there was a significant risk that the conduct might constitute or resultin an anti-doping rule violation and manifestly disregarded that risk.
An anti-doping rule violation resulting from an Adverse Analytical
Finding for a substance which is only prohibited In-Competition shallbe rebuttably presumed to be not intentional if the substance is aSpecified Substance and the Athlete can establish that the Prohibited
Substance was Used Out-of-Competition. An anti-doping rule violation
resulting from an Adverse Analytical Finding for a substance which isonly prohibited In-Competition shall not be considered intentional if
the substance is not a Specified Substance and the Athlete canestablish that the Prohibited Substance was Used Out-of-Competition
in a context unrelated to sport performance.

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10.3 Ineligibility for Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations
The period of Ineligibility for anti-doping rule violations other than asprovided in Article 10.2 shall be as follows, unless Articles 10.5 or 10.6 areapplicable:
10.3.1For violations of Article 2.3 or Article 2.5, the period of
Ineligibility shall be four years unless, in the case of failing to submit
to Sample collection, the Athlete can establish that the commission of
the anti-doping rule violation was not intentional (as defined in Article
10.2.3), in which case the period of Ineligibility shall be two years.
10.3.2 For violations of Article 2.4, the period of Ineligibility shall be
two years, subject to reduction down to a minimum of one year,
depending on the Athlete’s degree of Fault. The flexibility between
two years and one year of Ineligibility in this Article is not available toAthletes where a pattern of last-minute whereabouts changes or otherconduct raises a serious suspicion that the Athlete was trying to avoid
being available for Testing.
10.3.3 For violations of Article 2.7 or 2.8, the period of Ineligibility
shall be a minimum of four years up to lifetime Ineligibility, dependingon the seriousness of the violation. An Article 2.7 or Article 2.8
violation involving a Minor shall be considered a particularly serious
violation and, if committed by Athlete Support Personnel for violations
other than for Specified Substances, shall result in lifetime Ineligibility
for Athlete Support Personnel. In addition, significant violations ofArticle 2.7 or 2.8 which may also violate non-sporting laws andregulations, shall be reported to the competent administrative,
professional or judicial authorities.
[Comment to Article 10.3.3: Those who are involved in doping Athletes or covering
up doping should be subject to sanctions which are more severe than the Athletes
who test positive. Since the authority of sport organizations is generally limited toIneligibility for accreditation, membership and other sport benefits, reporting
Athlete Support Personnel to competent authorities is an important step in thedeterrence of doping.]
10.3.4 For violations of Article 2.9, the period of Ineligibility imposed
shall be a minimum of two years, up to four years, depending on theseriousness of the violation.
10.3.5 For violations of Article 2.10, the period of Ineligibility shallbe two years, subject to reduction down to a minimum of one year,
depending on the Athlete or other Person’s degree of Fault and othercircumstances of the case.

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[Comment to Article 10.3.5: Where the “other Person” referenced in Article 2.10 isan entity and not an individual, that entity may be disciplined as provided in Article
12.]10.4 Elimination of the Period of Ineligibility where there is No Fault
or Negligence
If an Athlete or other Person establishes in an individual case that he or shebears No Fault or Negligence, then the otherwise applicable period of
Ineligibility shall be eliminated.
[Comment to Article 10.4: This Article and Article 10.5.2 apply only to theimposition of sanctions; they are not applicable to the determination of whether ananti-doping rule violation has occurred. They will only apply in exceptional
circumstances, for example where an Athlete could prove that, despite all due care,he or she was sabotaged by a competitor. Conversely, No Fault or Negligencewould not apply in the following circumstances: (a) a positive test resulting from amislabeled or contaminated vitamin or nutritional supplement (Athletes are
responsible for what they ingest (Article 2.1.1) and have been warned against thepossibility of supplement contamination); (b) the Administration of a Prohibited
Substance by the Athlete’s personal physician or trainer without disclosure to the
Athlete (Athletes are responsible for their choice of medical personnel and foradvising medical personnel that they cannot be given any Prohibited Substance);and (c) sabotage of the Athlete’s food or drink by a spouse, coach or other Person
within the Athlete’s circle of associates (Athletes are responsible for what they
ingest and for the conduct of those Persons to whom they entrust access to theirfood and drink). However, depending on the unique facts of a particular case, anyof the referenced illustrations could result in a reduced sanction under Article 10.5
based on No Significant Fault or Negligence.]
10.5 Reduction of the Period of Ineligibility based on No Significant
Fault or Negligence
10.5.1
Reduction of Sanctions for Specified Substances orContaminated Products for Violations of Article 2.1, 2.2 or 2.6.
10.5.1.1

Specified Substances

Where the anti-doping rule violation involves a Specified
Substance, and the Athlete or other Person can establish No
Significant Fault or Negligence, then the period of Ineligibility
shall be, at a minimum, a reprimand and no period of
Ineligibility, and at a maximum, two years of Ineligibility,
depending on the Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault.
10.5.1.2

Contaminated Products

In cases where the Athlete or other Person can establish No
Significant Fault or Negligence and that the detected Prohibited
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Substance came from a Contaminated Product, then the period
of Ineligibility shall be, at a minimum, a reprimand and noperiod of Ineligibility, and at a maximum, two years Ineligibility,
depending on the Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault.
[Comment to Article 10.5.1.2: In assessing that Athlete’s degree of Fault, it would,
for example, be favorable for the Athlete if the Athlete had declared the productwhich was subsequently determined to be contaminated on his or her Doping
Control form.]
10.5.2 Application of No Significant Fault or Negligence beyond theApplication of Article 10.5.1
If an Athlete or other Person establishes in an individual case where
Article 10.5.1 is not applicable that he or she bears No Significant Fault
or Negligence, then, subject to further reduction or elimination asprovided in Article 10.6, the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility
may be reduced based on the Athlete or other Person’s degree ofFault, but the reduced period of Ineligibility may not be less than onehalf of the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable. If the otherwise
applicable period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the reduced period under
this Article may be no less than eight years.
[Comment to Article 10.5.2: Article 10.5.2 may be applied to any anti-doping ruleviolation except those Articles where intent is an element of the anti-doping ruleviolation (e.g., Article 2.5, 2.7, 2.8 or 2.9) or an element of a particular sanction(e.g., Article 10.2.1) or a range of Ineligibility is already provided in an Article
based on the Athlete or other Person’s degree of Fault.]
10.6 Elimination, Reduction, or Suspension of Period of Ineligibility
or other Consequences for Reasons Other than Fault
10.6.1Substantial Assistance in Discovering or Establishing AntiDoping Rule Violations
10.6.1.1 IWWF may, prior to a final appellate decision under
Article 13 or the expiration of the time to appeal, suspend a partof the period of Ineligibility imposed in an individual case inwhich it has results management authority where the Athlete orother Person has provided Substantial Assistance to an AntiDoping Organization, criminal authority or professional
disciplinary body which results in: (i) the Anti-Doping
Organization discovering or bringing forward an anti-doping ruleviolation by another Person, or (ii) which results in a criminal ordisciplinary body discovering or bringing forward a criminal
offense or the breach of professional rules committed byanother Person and the information provided by the Person
providing Substantial Assistance is made available to IWWF.
After a final appellate decision under Article 13 or the expiration
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of time to appeal, IWWF may only suspend a part of theotherwise applicable period of Ineligibility with the approval of
WADA. The extent to which the otherwise applicable period of
Ineligibility may be suspended shall be based on the seriousnessof the anti-doping rule violation committed by the Athlete orother Person and the significance of the Substantial Assistanceprovided by the Athlete or other Person to the effort to eliminate
doping in sport. No more than three-quarters of the otherwise
applicable period of Ineligibility may be suspended. If theotherwise applicable period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the nonsuspended period under this Article must be no less than eight
years.
If the Athlete or other Person fails to continue tocooperate and to provide the complete and credible Substantial
Assistance upon which a suspension of the period of Ineligibility
was based, IWWF shall reinstate the original period of
Ineligibility. If IWWF decides to reinstate a suspended period of
Ineligibility or decides not to reinstate a suspended period of
Ineligibility, that decision may be appealed by any Person
entitled to appeal under Article 13.
10.6.1.2
To further encourage Athletes and other Persons toprovide Substantial Assistance to Anti-Doping Organizations, at
the request of IWWF or at the request of the Athlete or other
Person who has (or has been asserted to have) committed ananti-doping rule violation, WADA may agree at any stage of theresults management process, including after a final appellate
decision under Article 13, to what it considers to be an
appropriate suspension of the otherwise-applicable period of
Ineligibility
and
other
Consequences.
In
exceptional
circumstances, WADA may agree to suspensions of the period of
Ineligibility and other Consequences for Substantial Assistancegreater than those otherwise provided in this Article, or even no
period of Ineligibility, and/or no return of prize money or
payment of fines or costs. WADA’s approval shall be subject toreinstatement of sanction, as otherwise provided in this Article.
Notwithstanding Article 13, WADA’s decisions in the context of
this Article may not be appealed by any other Anti-Doping
Organization.
10.6.1.3 If IWWF suspends any part of an otherwise applicablesanction because of Substantial Assistance, then noticeproviding justification for the decision shall be provided to theother Anti-Doping Organizations with a right to appeal under
Article 13.2.3 as provided in Article 14.2. In unique
circumstances where WADA determines that it would be in thebest interest of anti-doping, WADA may authorize IWWF toenter into appropriate confidentiality agreements limiting ordelaying the disclosure of the Substantial Assistance agreement
or the nature of Substantial Assistance being provided.
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[Comment to Article 10.6.1:
The cooperation of Athletes, Athlete Support
Personnel and other Persons who acknowledge their mistakes and are willing tobring other anti-doping rule violations to light is important to clean sport. This is
the only circumstance under the Code where the suspension of an otherwise
applicable period of Ineligibility is authorized.]
10.6.2 Admission of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation in the Absence of
Other Evidence
Where an Athlete or other Person voluntarily admits the commission ofan anti-doping rule violation before having received notice of a Sample
collection which could establish an anti-doping rule violation (or, in thecase of an anti-doping rule violation other than Article 2.1, before
receiving first notice of the admitted violation pursuant to Article 7)
and that admission is the only reliable evidence of the violation at thetime of admission, then the period of Ineligibility may be reduced, but
not below one-half of the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable.
[Comment to Article 10.6.2: This Article is intended to apply when an Athlete orother Person comes forward and admits to an anti-doping rule violation incircumstances where no Anti-Doping Organization is aware that an anti-doping ruleviolation might have been committed. It is not intended to apply to circumstanceswhere the admission occurs after the Athlete or other Person believes he or she isabout to be caught. The amount by which Ineligibility is reduced should be basedon the likelihood that the Athlete or other Person would have been caught had
he/she not come forward voluntarily.]10.6.3 Prompt Admission of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation after being
confronted with a Violation Sanctionable under Article 10.2.1 or Article
10.3.1An Athlete or other Person potentially subject to a four-year sanction
under Article 10.2.1 or 10.3.1 (for evading or refusing Sample
Collection or Tampering with Sample Collection), by promptly
admitting the asserted anti-doping rule violation after being confronted
by IWWF , and also upon the approval and at the discretion of both
WADA and IWWF , may receive a reduction in the period of Ineligibility
down to a minimum of two years, depending on the seriousness of theviolation and the Athlete or other Person’s degree of Fault.
10.6.4

Application of Multiple Grounds for Reduction of a Sanction

Where an Athlete or other Person establishes entitlement to reduction
in sanction under more than one provision of Article 10.4, 10.5 or
10.6, before applying any reduction or suspension under Article 10.6,
the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility shall be determined inaccordance with Articles 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, and 10.5. If the Athlete orother Person establishes entitlement to a reduction or suspension of
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the period of Ineligibility under Article 10.6, then the period of
Ineligibility may be reduced or suspended, but not below one-fourth ofthe otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility.
[Comment to Article 10.6.4: The appropriate sanction is determined in a sequenceof four steps. First, the hearing panel determines which of the basic sanctions(Articles 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, or 10.5) apply to the particular anti-doping rule violation.
Second, if the basic sanction provides for a range of sanctions, the hearing panel
must determine the applicable sanction within that range according to the Athlete
or other Person’s degree of Fault. In a third step, the hearing panel establishes
whether there is a basis for elimination, suspension, or reduction of the sanction(Article 10.6). Finally, the hearing panel decides on the commencement of theperiod of Ineligibility under Article 10.11. Several examples of how Article 10 is tobe applied are found in Appendix 2.]
10.7 Multiple Violations
10.7.1
For an Athlete or other Person’s second anti-doping ruleviolation, the period of Ineligibility shall be the greater of:(a)six months;

one-half of the period of Ineligibility imposed for the firstanti-doping rule violation without taking into account any
reduction under Article 10.6; or(b)twice the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable to thesecond anti-doping rule violation treated as if it were a first
violation, without taking into account any reduction under
Article 10.6.

(c)

The period of Ineligibility established above may then be further
reduced by the application of Article 10.6.
10.7.2A third anti-doping rule violation will always result in a
lifetime period of Ineligibility, except if the third violation fulfills thecondition for elimination or reduction of the period of Ineligibility under
Article 10.4 or 10.5, or involves a violation of Article 2.4. In theseparticular cases, the period of Ineligibility shall be from eight years tolifetime Ineligibility.
10.7.3An anti-doping rule violation for which an Athlete or other
Person has established No Fault or Negligence shall not be considereda prior violation for purposes of this Article.
10.7.4

Additional Rules for Certain Potential Multiple Violations

10.7.4.1
For purposes of imposing sanctions under Article
10.7, an anti-doping rule violation will only be considered a
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second violation if IWWF can establish that the Athlete or other
Person committed the second anti-doping rule violation after the
Athlete or other Person received notice pursuant to Article 7, orafter IWWF made reasonable efforts to give notice of the firstanti-doping rule violation. If IWWF cannot establish this, theviolations shall be considered together as one single first
violation, and the sanction imposed shall be based on theviolation that carries the more severe sanction.
10.7.4.2 If, after the imposition of a sanction for a first antidoping rule violation, IWWF discovers facts involving an antidoping rule violation by the Athlete or other Person which
occurred prior to notification regarding the first violation, then
IWWF shall impose an additional sanction based on the sanctionthat could have been imposed if the two violations had been
adjudicated at the same time. Results in all Competitions datingback to the earlier anti-doping rule violation will be Disqualified
as provided in Article 10.8.
10.7.5 Multiple Anti-Doping Rule Violations during Ten-Year Period
For purposes of Article 10.7, each anti-doping rule violation must takeplace within the same ten-year period in order to be considered multiple
violations.
10.8 Disqualification of Results in Competitions Subsequent toSample Collection or Commission of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation
In addition to the automatic Disqualification of the results in the Competition
which produced the positive Sample under Article 9, all other competitive
results of the Athlete obtained from the date a positive Sample was collected(whether In-Competition or Out-of-Competition), or other anti-doping ruleviolation occurred, through the commencement of any Provisional
Suspension or Ineligibility period, shall, unless fairness requires otherwise,
be Disqualified with all of the resulting Consequences including forfeiture ofany medals, points and prizes.
[Comment to Article 10.8: Nothing in these Anti-Doping Rules precludes clean
Athletes or other Persons who have been damaged by the actions of a Person who
has committed an anti-doping rule violation from pursuing any right which theywould otherwise have to seek damages from such Person.]
10.9 Allocation of CAS Cost Awards and Forfeited Prize Money
The priority for repayment of CAS cost awards and forfeited prize money
shall be: first, payment of costs awarded by CAS; second, reallocation of
forfeited prize money to other Athletes; and third, reimbursement of theexpenses of IWWF.

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10.10Financial Consequences
Where an Athlete or other Person commits an anti-doping ruleviolation, IWWF may, in its discretion and subject to the principle ofproportionality, elect to a) recover from the Athlete or other Person
costs associated with the anti-doping rule violation, regardless of theperiod of Ineligibility imposed and/or b) fine the Athlete or other
Person in an amount up to One Thousand U.S. Dollars (US$1,000),
only in cases where the maximum period of Ineligibility otherwise
applicable has already been imposed.
The imposition of a financial sanction or the IWWF's recovery of costs
shall not be considered a basis for reducing the Ineligibility or othersanction which would otherwise be applicable under these Anti-Doping
Rules or the Code.

10.11

Commencement of Ineligibility Period

Except as provided below, the period of Ineligibility shall start on the date of
the final hearing decision providing for Ineligibility or, if the hearing is waived
or there is no hearing, on the date Ineligibility is accepted or otherwise
imposed.
10.11.1

Delays Not Attributable to the Athlete or other Person

Where there have been substantial delays in the hearing process orother aspects of Doping Control not attributable to the Athlete or other
Person, IWWF may start the period of Ineligibility at an earlier datecommencing as early as the date of Sample collection or the date on
which another anti-doping rule violation last occurred. All competitive
results achieved during the period of Ineligibility, including retroactive
Ineligibility, shall be Disqualified.
[Comment to Article 10.11.1: In cases of anti-doping rule violations other thanunder Article 2.1, the time required for an Anti-Doping Organization to discover anddevelop facts sufficient to establish an anti-doping rule violation may be lengthy,
particularly where the Athlete or other Person has taken affirmative action to avoid
detection. In these circumstances, the flexibility provided in this Article to start the
sanction at an earlier date should not be used.]
10.11.2

Timely Admission

Where the Athlete or other Person promptly (which, in all events, for
an Athlete means before the Athlete competes again) admits the antidoping rule violation after being confronted with the anti-doping ruleviolation by IWWF, the period of Ineligibility may start as early as thedate of Sample collection or the date on which another anti-doping
rule violation last occurred. In each case, however, where this Article
is applied, the Athlete or other Person shall serve at least one-half of
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the period of Ineligibility going forward from the date the Athlete orother Person accepted the imposition of a sanction, the date of ahearing decision imposing a sanction, or the date the sanction isotherwise imposed. This Article shall not apply where the period of
Ineligibility has already been reduced under Article 10.6.3.
10.11.3
ServedCredit for Provisional Suspension or Period of Ineligibility

10.11.3.1
If a Provisional Suspension is imposed andrespected by the Athlete or other Person, then the Athlete orother Person shall receive a credit for such period of Provisional
Suspension against any period of Ineligibility which may
ultimately be imposed. If a period of Ineligibility is served
pursuant to a decision that is subsequently appealed, then the
Athlete or other Person shall receive a credit for such period of
Ineligibility served against any period of Ineligibility which may
ultimately be imposed on appeal.
10.11.3.2
If an Athlete or other Person voluntarily accepts a
Provisional Suspension in writing from IWWF and thereafter
respects the Provisional Suspension, the Athlete or other Person
shall receive a credit for such period of voluntary Provisional
Suspension against any period of Ineligibility which may
ultimately be imposed. A copy of the Athlete or other Person’s
voluntary acceptance of a Provisional Suspension shall be
provided promptly to each party entitled to receive notice of anasserted anti-doping rule violation under Article 14.1.
[Comment to Article 10.11.3.2: An Athlete’s voluntary acceptance of a Provisional
Suspension is not an admission by the Athlete and shall not be used in any way as
to draw an adverse inference against the Athlete.]10.11.3.3
No credit against a period of Ineligibility shall begiven for any time period before the effective date of theProvisional Suspension or voluntary Provisional Suspension
regardless of whether the Athlete elected not to compete or wassuspended by his or her team.
10.11.3.4
In Team Sports, where a period of Ineligibility is
imposed upon a team, unless fairness requires otherwise, theperiod of Ineligibility shall start on the date of the final hearing
decision providing for Ineligibility or, if the hearing is waived, on
the date Ineligibility is accepted or otherwise imposed. Any
period of team Provisional Suspension (whether imposed or
voluntarily accepted) shall be credited against the total period of
Ineligibility to be served.

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[Comment to Article 10.11: Article 10.11 makes clear that delays not attributable
to the Athlete, timely admission by the Athlete and Provisional Suspension are theonly justifications for starting the period of Ineligibility earlier than the date of the
final hearing decision.]
10.12

Status During Ineligibility
10.12.1

Prohibition Against Participation During Ineligibility

No Athlete or other Person who has been declared Ineligible may,during the period of Ineligibility, participate in any capacity in aCompetition or activity (other than authorized anti-doping education or
rehabilitation programs) authorized or organized by any Signatory,
Signatory's member organization, or a club or other member
organization of a Signatory’s member organization, or in Competitions
authorized or organized by any professional league or any
international or national level Event organization or any elite or
national-level sporting activity funded by a governmental agency.
An Athlete or other Person subject to a period of Ineligibility longer
than four years may, after completing four years of the period of
Ineligibility, participate as an Athlete in local sport events not
sanctioned or otherwise under the jurisdiction of a Code Signatory or
member of a Code Signatory, but only so long as the local sport event
is not at a level that could otherwise qualify such Athlete or other
Person directly or indirectly to compete in (or accumulate points
toward) a national championship or International Event, and does not
involve the Athlete or other Person working in any capacity with
Minors.
An Athlete or other Person subject to a period of Ineligibility shallremain subject to Testing.
[Comment to Article 10.12.1: For example, subject to Article 10.12.2 below, an
Ineligible Athlete cannot participate in a training camp, exhibition or practiceorganized by his or her National Federation or a club which is a member of that
National Federation or which is funded by a governmental agency. Further, anIneligible Athlete may not compete in a non-Signatory professional league (e.g., theNational Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, etc.), Events
organized by a non-Signatory International Event organization or a non-Signatory
national-level event organization without triggering the Consequences set forth in
Article 10.12.3. The term “activity” also includes, for example, administrative
activities, such as serving as an official, director, officer, employee, or volunteer ofthe organization described in this Article. Ineligibility imposed in one sport shallalso be recognized by other sports (see Article 15.1, Mutual Recognition).]

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10.12.2

Return to Training

As an exception to Article 10.12.1, an Athlete may return to train witha team or to use the facilities of a club or other member organizationof IWWF’s member organization during the shorter of: (1) the last twomonths of the Athlete’s period of Ineligibility, or (2) the last onequarter of the period of Ineligibility imposed.
[Comment to Article 10.12.2: In many Team Sports and some individual sports(e.g., ski jumping and gymnastics), an Athlete cannot effectively train on his/her
own so as to be ready to compete at the end of the Athlete’s period of Ineligibility.
During the training period described in this Article, an Ineligible Athlete may notcompete or engage in any activity described in Article 10.12.1 other than training.]
10.12.3 Violation of the Prohibition of Participation During Ineligibility
Where an Athlete or other Person who has been declared Ineligible
violates the prohibition against participation during Ineligibility describedin Article 10.12.1, the results of such participation shall be Disqualified
and a new period of Ineligibility equal in length up to the original period
of Ineligibility shall be added to the end of the original period of
Ineligibility. The new period of Ineligibility may be adjusted based on the
Athlete or other Person’s degree of Fault and other circumstances of thecase. The determination of whether an Athlete or other Person has
violated the prohibition against participation, and whether an adjustment
is appropriate, shall be made by the Anti-Doping Organization whose
results management led to the imposition of the initial period of
Ineligibility. This decision may be appealed under Article 13.
Where an Athlete Support Person or other Person assists a Person in
violating the prohibition against participation during Ineligibility, IWWF
shall impose sanctions for a violation of Article 2.9 for such assistance.
10.12.4 Withholding of Financial Support during Ineligibility
In addition, for any anti-doping rule violation not involving a reduced
sanction as described in Article 10.4 or 10.5, some or all sport-related
financial support or other sport-related benefits received by such Person
will be withheld by IWWF and its National Federations.
10.13

Automatic Publication of Sanction

A mandatory part of each sanction shall include automatic publication, as
provided in Article 14.3.
[Comment to Article 10: Harmonization of sanctions has been one of the most
discussed and debated areas of anti-doping. Harmonization means that the same
rules and criteria are applied to assess the unique facts of each case. Arguments
against requiring harmonization of sanctions are based on differences between
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sports including, for example, the following: in some sports the Athletes areprofessionals making a sizable income from the sport and in others the Athletes aretrue amateurs; in those sports where an Athlete's career is short, a standard period
of Ineligibility has a much more significant effect on the Athlete than in sports
where careers are traditionally much longer. A primary argument in favor of
harmonization is that it is simply not right that two Athletes from the same country
who test positive for the same Prohibited Substance under similar circumstances
should receive different sanctions only because they participate in different sports.
In addition, flexibility in sanctioning has often been viewed as an unacceptable
opportunity for some sporting organizations to be more lenient with dopers. The
lack of harmonization of sanctions has also frequently been the source ofjurisdictional conflicts between International Federations and National Anti-Doping
Organizations.]

ARTICLE 11

CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS

If a member of a team is found to have committed a violation of these AntiDoping Rules during an Event where a team ranking is based on the additionof individual results, the results of the Athlete committing the violation will be
subtracted from the team result and replaced with the results of the next
applicable team member. If by removing the Athlete's results from the teamresults, the number of Athletes counting for the team is less than therequired number, the team shall be eliminated from the ranking.

ARTICLE 12
BODIES

SANCTIONS AND COSTS ASSESSED AGAINST SPORTING

12.1 IWWF has the authority to withhold some or all funding or other nonfinancial support to National Federations that are not in compliance withthese Anti-Doping Rules.
12.2 National Federations shall be obligated to reimburse IWWF for all costs(including but not limited to laboratory fees, hearing expenses and travel)
related to a violation of these Anti-Doping Rules committed by an Athlete orother Person affiliated with that National Federation.
12.3 IWWF may elect to take additional disciplinary action against National
Federations with respect to recognition, the eligibility of its officials andAthletes to participate in International Events and fines based on thefollowing:
12.3.1
Four or more violations of these Anti-Doping Rules (otherthan violations involving Article 2.4) are committed by Athletes or
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other Persons affiliated with a National Federation within a 12-month
period in testing conducted by IWWF or Anti-Doping Organizations
other than the National Federation or its National Anti-Doping
Organization. In such event IWWF may in its discretion elect to: (a)ban all officials from that National Federation for participation in any
IWWF activities for a period of up to two years and/or (b) fine the
National Federation in an amount up to Five Thousand U.S. Dollars(US$5,000). (For purposes of this Rule, any fine paid pursuant to Rule12.3.2 shall be credited against any fine assessed.)
12.3.1.1 If four or more violations of these Anti-Doping Rules(other than violations involving Articles 2.4) are committed inaddition to the violations described in Article 12.3.1 by Athletes
or other Persons affiliated with a National Federation within a
12-month period in Testing conducted by IWWF or Anti-Doping
Organizations other than the National Federation or its National
Anti-Doping Organization, then IWWF may suspend that
National Federation’s membership for a period of up to 4 years.
12.3.2More than one Athlete or other Person from a National
Federation commits an Anti-Doping Rule violation during an
International Event. In such event IWWF may fine that National
Federation in an amount up to One Thousand U.S. Dollars (US$1,000).
12.3.3A National Federation has failed to make diligent efforts tokeep the IF informed about an Athlete's whereabouts after receiving arequest for that information from IWWF. In such event IWWF may
fine the National Federation in an amount up to One Thousand U.S.
Dollars (US$1,000) per Athlete in addition to all of the IWWF costs
incurred in Testing that National Federation's Athletes.

ARTICLE 13

APPEALS

13.1 Decisions Subject to Appeal
Decisions made under these Anti-Doping Rules may be appealed as set forth
below in Article 13.2 through 13.7 or as otherwise provided in these AntiDoping Rules, the Code or the International Standards. Such decisions shallremain in effect while under appeal unless the appellate body orders
otherwise.
Before an appeal is commenced, any post-decision review
provided in the Anti-Doping Organization's rules must be exhausted,
provided that such review respects the principles set forth in Article 13.2.2
below (except as provided in Article 13.1.3).
13.1.1

Scope of Review Not Limited

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The scope of review on appeal includes all issues relevant to thematter and is expressly not limited to the issues or scope of review
before the initial decision maker.
13.1.2CAS Shall Not Defer to the Findings Being Appealed

In making its decision, CAS need not give deference to the discretion
exercised by the body whose decision is being appealed.
[Comment to Article 13.1.2: CAS proceedings are de novo. Prior proceedings do
not limit the evidence or carry weight in the hearing before CAS.]
13.1.3

WADA Not Required to Exhaust Internal Remedies

Where WADA has a right to appeal under Article 13 and no other party
has appealed a final decision within IWWF’s process, WADA may
appeal such decision directly to CAS without having to exhaust otherremedies in IWWF’s process.
[Comment to Article 13.1.3: Where a decision has been rendered before the final
stage of IWWF’s process (for example, a first hearing) and no party elects to appeal
that decision to the next level of IWWF’s process (e.g., the Managing Board), then
WADA may bypass the remaining steps in IWWF’s internal process and appeal
directly to CAS.]
13.2 Appeals from Decisions Regarding Anti-Doping Rule Violations,
Consequences, Provisional Suspensions, Recognition of Decisions andJurisdiction
A decision that an anti-doping rule violation was committed, a decision
imposing Consequences or not imposing Consequences for an anti-doping
rule violation, or a decision that no anti-doping rule violation was committed;
a decision that an anti-doping rule violation proceeding cannot go forward forprocedural reasons (including, for example, prescription); a decision by
WADA not to grant an exception to the six months’ notice requirement for aretired Athlete to return to Competition under Article 5.7.1; a decision by
WADA assigning results management under Article 7.1 of the Code; adecision by IWWF not to bring forward an Adverse Analytical Finding or an
Atypical Finding as an anti-doping rule violation, or a decision not to go
forward with an anti-doping rule violation after an investigation under Article
7.7; a decision to impose a Provisional Suspension as a result of a Provisional
Hearing; [IF’s] failure to comply with Article 7.9; a decision that IWWF lacks
jurisdiction to rule on an alleged anti-doping rule violation or its
Consequences; a decision to suspend, or not suspend, a period of Ineligibility
or to reinstate, or not reinstate, a suspended period of Ineligibility under
Article 10.6.1; a decision under Article 10.12.3; and a decision by IWWF not
to recognize another Anti-Doping Organization’s decision under Article 15,
may be appealed exclusively as provided in Articles 13.2 – 13.7.

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13.2.1 Appeals Involving International-Level Athletes or International
EventsIn cases arising from participation in an International Event or in cases
involving International-Level Athletes, the decision may be appealed
exclusively to CAS.
[Comment to Article 13.2.1: CAS decisions are final and binding except for any
review required by law applicable to the annulment or enforcement of arbitralawards.]13.2.2

Appeals Involving Other Athletes or Other Persons

In cases where Article 13.2.1 is not applicable, the decision may be
appealed to a national-level appeal body, being an independent andimpartial body established in accordance with rules adopted by the
National Anti-Doping Organization having jurisdiction over the Athlete
or other Person. The rules for such appeal shall respect the following
principles: a timely hearing; a fair and impartial hearing panel; theright to be represented by counsel at the Person's own expense; and atimely, written, reasoned decision. If the National Anti-Doping
Organization has not established such a body, the decision may be
appealed to CAS in accordance with the provisions applicable before
such court.
13.2.3

Persons Entitled to Appeal

In cases under Article 13.2.1, the following parties shall have the rightto appeal to CAS: (a) the Athlete or other Person who is the subject ofthe decision being appealed; (b) the other party to the case in which
the decision was rendered; (c) IWWF ; (d) the National Anti-Doping
Organization of the Person’s country of residence or countries where
the Person is a national or license holder; (e) the International
Olympic Committee or International Paralympic Committee, asapplicable, where the decision may have an effect in relation to the
Olympic Games or Paralympic Games, including decisions affecting
eligibility for the Olympic Games or Paralympic Games; and (f) WADA.
In cases under Article 13.2.2, the parties having the right to appeal to
the national-level appeal body shall be as provided in the National
Anti-Doping Organization's rules but, at a minimum, shall include thefollowing parties: (a) the Athlete or other Person who is the subject ofthe decision being appealed; (b) the other party to the case in which
the decision was rendered; (c) IWWF; (d) the National Anti-Doping
Organization of the Person’s country of residence; (e) the International
Olympic Committee or International Paralympic Committee, asapplicable, where the decision may have an effect in relation to the
Olympic Games or Paralympic Games, including decisions affecting
eligibility for the Olympic Games or Paralympic Games; and (f) WADA.
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For cases under Article 13.2.2, WADA, the International Olympic
Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, and IWWF shallalso have the right to appeal to CAS with respect to the decision of thenational-level appeal body. Any party filing an appeal shall be entitledto assistance from CAS to obtain all relevant information from theAnti-Doping Organization whose decision is being appealed and theinformation shall be provided if CAS so directs.
Notwithstanding any other provision herein, the only Person who may
appeal from a Provisional Suspension is the Athlete or other Person
upon whom the Provisional Suspension is imposed.
13.2.4 Cross Appeals and other Subsequent Appeals Allowed
Cross appeals and other subsequent appeals by any respondent named
in cases brought to CAS under the Code are specifically permitted. Any
party with a right to appeal under this Article 13 must file a cross appeal
or subsequent appeal at the latest with the party’s answer.
[Comment to Article 13.2.4: This provision is necessary because since 2011, CAS
rules no longer permit an Athlete the right to cross appeal when an Anti-Doping
Organization appeals a decision after the Athlete’s time for appeal has expired.
This provision permits a full hearing for all parties.]
13.3 Failure to Render a Timely Decision
Where, in a particular case, IWWF fails to render a decision with respect towhether an anti-doping rule violation was committed within a reasonable
deadline set by WADA, WADA may elect to appeal directly to CAS as if IWWF
had rendered a decision finding no anti-doping rule violation. If the CAS
hearing panel determines that an anti-doping rule violation was committed
and that WADA acted reasonably in electing to appeal directly to CAS, then
WADA’s costs and attorney fees in prosecuting the appeal shall bereimbursed to WADA by IWWF.
13.3.1 Failure of National Federation to render a timely decision
Where, in a particular case, a IWWF’s National Federation fails torender a decision with respect to whether an anti-doping rule violation(for which the National Federation is the competent Results
Management Authority) was committed within a reasonable deadline
set by IWWF, IWWF may decide to assume jurisdiction for the mattersand conduct Results Management in accordance with these AntiDoping Rules. Should the case occur, the National Federation shall be
liable for the costs incurred by IWWF for the management of the case.
[Comment to Article 13.3: Given the different circumstances of each anti-doping
rule violation investigation and results management process, it is not feasible toestablish a fixed time period for IWWF to render a decision before WADA may
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intervene by appealing directly to CAS. Before taking such action, however, WADA
will consult with IWWF and give IWWF an opportunity to explain why it has not yet
rendered a decision.]

13.4 Appeals Relating to TUEs
TUE decisions may be appealed exclusively as provided in Article 4.4.
13.5 Notification of Appeal Decisions
Any Anti-Doping Organization that is a party to an appeal shall promptly
provide the appeal decision to the Athlete or other Person and to the otherAnti-Doping Organizations that would have been entitled to appeal under
Article 13.2.3 as provided under Article 14.2.
13.6 Appeal from Decisions Pursuant to Article 12
Decisions by IWWF pursuant to Article 12 may be appealed exclusively to
CAS by the National Federation.
13.7 Time for Filing Appeals
13.7.1 Appeals to CAS
The time to file an appeal to CAS shall be twenty-one days from thedate of receipt of the decision by the appealing party. The above
notwithstanding, the following shall apply in connection with appeals
filed by a party entitled to appeal but which was not a party to theproceedings that led to the decision being appealed:a) Within fifteen days from notice of the decision, such party/ies
shall have the right to request a copy of the case file from thebody that issued the decision;b) If such a request is made within the fifteen-day period, then theparty making such request shall have twenty-one days fromreceipt of the file to file an appeal to CAS.
The above notwithstanding, the filing deadline for an appeal filed by
WADA shall be the later of:a) Twenty-one days after the last day on which any other party inthe case could have appealed; orb) Twenty-one days after WADA’s receipt of the complete filerelating to the decision.
13.7.2

Appeals Under Article 13.2.2
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The time to file an appeal to an independent and impartial bodyestablished at national level in accordance with rules established by
the National Anti-Doping Organization shall be indicated by the same
rules of the National Anti-Doping Organization.
The above notwithstanding, the filing deadline for an appeal orintervention filed by WADA shall be the later of:(a) Twenty-one days after the last day on which any other party inthe case could have appealed, or(b) Twenty-one days after WADA’s receipt of the complete filerelating to the decision.

ARTICLE 14

CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING

14.1 Information Concerning Adverse Analytical Findings, AtypicalFindings, and Other Asserted Anti-Doping Rule Violations
14.1.1
Persons

Notice of Anti-Doping Rule Violations to Athletes and otherNotice to Athletes or other Persons of anti-doping rule violations
asserted against them shall occur as provided under Articles 7 and 14of these Anti-Doping Rules. Notice to an Athlete or other Person who
is a member of a National Federation may be accomplished by deliveryof the notice to the National Federation.
14.1.2 Notice of Anti-Doping Rule Violations to National Anti-Doping
Organizations and WADA
Notice of the assertion of an anti-doping rule violation to National AntiDoping Organizations and WADA shall occur as provided under Articles
7 and 14 of these Anti-Doping Rules, simultaneously with the notice to
the Athlete or other Person.
14.1.3

Content of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation Notice

Notification of an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.1 shall
include: the Athlete's name, country, sport and discipline within the
sport, the Athlete’s competitive level, whether the test was InCompetition or Out-of-Competition, the date of Sample collection, theanalytical result reported by the laboratory, and other information as
required by the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Notice of anti-doping rule violations other than under Article 2.1 shall
include the rule violated and the basis of the asserted violation.
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14.1.4

Status Reports

Except with respect to investigations which have not resulted in noticeof an anti-doping rule violation pursuant to Article 14.1.1, National
Anti-Doping Organizations and WADA shall be regularly updated on thestatus and findings of any review or proceedings conducted pursuant
to Article 7, 8 or 13 and shall be provided with a prompt written
reasoned explanation or decision explaining the resolution of thematter.
14.1.5

Confidentiality

The recipient organizations shall not disclose this information beyond
those Persons with a need to know (which would include theappropriate personnel at the applicable National Olympic Committee,
National Federation, and team in a Team Sport) until IWWF has madePublic Disclosure or has failed to make Public Disclosure as required in
Article 14.3.

14.1.6 IWWF shall ensure that information concerning Adverse
Analytical Findings, Atypical Findings, and other asserted anti-doping
rule violations remains confidential until such information is Publicly
Disclosed in accordance with Article 14.3, and shall include provisions
in any contract entered into between IWWF and any of its employees(whether permanent or otherwise), contractors, agents andconsultants, for the protection of such confidential information as well
as for the investigation and disciplining of improper and/or
unauthorised disclosure of such confidential information.
14.2 Notice of Anti-Doping Rule Violation Decisions and Request forFiles
14.2.1 Anti-doping rule violation decisions rendered pursuant to
Article 7.11, 8.2, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.12.3 or 13.5 shall include thefull reasons for the decision, including, if applicable, a justification for
why the greatest possible Consequences were not imposed. Where
the decision is not in English or French, IWWF shall provide a short
English or French summary of the decision and the supporting reasons.
14.2.2An Anti-Doping Organization having a right to appeal adecision received pursuant to Article 14.2.1 may, within fifteen days ofreceipt, request a copy of the full case file pertaining to the decision.
14.3 Public Disclosure

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14.3.1 The identity of any Athlete or other Person who is asserted by
IWWF to have committed an anti-doping rule violation may be Publicly
Disclosed by IWWF only after notice has been provided to the Athlete
or other Person in accordance with Article 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6 or 7.7 andsimultaneously to WADA and the National Anti-Doping Organization of
the Athlete or other Person in accordance with Article 14.1.2.
14.3.2 No later than twenty days after it has been determined in a
final appellate decision under Article 13.2.1 or 13.2.2, or such appeal
has been waived, or a hearing in accordance with Article 8 has been
waived, or the assertion of an anti-doping rule violation has not beentimely challenged, IWWF must Publicly Report the disposition of thematter, including the sport, the anti-doping rule violated, the name of
the Athlete or other Person committing the violation, the Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method involved (if any), and theConsequences imposed.
IWWF must also Publicly Report withintwenty days the results of final appeal decisions concerning antidoping rule violations, including the information described above.
14.3.3 In any case where it is determined, after a hearing or appeal,that the Athlete or other Person did not commit an anti-doping ruleviolation, the decision may be Publicly Disclosed only with the consent
of the Athlete or other Person who is the subject of the decision.
IWWF shall use reasonable efforts to obtain such consent. If consent
is obtained, IWWF shall Publicly Disclose the decision in its entirety orin such redacted form as the Athlete or other Person may approve.
14.3.4
Publication shall be accomplished at a minimum by placing
the required information on the IWWF’s website or publishing it
through other means and leaving the information up for the longer of
one month or the duration of any period of Ineligibility.
14.3.5 Neither IWWF, nor its National Federations, nor any official ofeither body, shall publicly comment on the specific facts of any
pending case (as opposed to general description of process andscience) except in response to public comments attributed to the
Athlete or other Person against whom an anti-doping rule violation isasserted, or their representatives.
14.3.6The mandatory Public Reporting required in Article 14.3.2
shall not be required where the Athlete or other Person who has beenfound to have committed an anti-doping rule violation is a Minor. Any
optional Public Reporting in a case involving a Minor shall be
proportionate to the facts and circumstances of the case.
14.4 Statistical Reporting
IWWF shall publish at least annually a general statistical report of its Doping
Control activities, with a copy provided to WADA. IWWF may also publish
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reports showing the name of each Athlete tested and the date of each
Testing.
14.5 Doping Control Information Clearinghouse
To facilitate coordinated test distribution planning and to avoid unnecessary
duplication in Testing by the various Anti-Doping Organizations, IWWF shallreport all In-Competition and Out-of-Competition tests on such Athletes tothe WADA clearinghouse, using ADAMS, as soon as possible after such tests
have been conducted. This information will be made accessible, whereappropriate and in accordance with the applicable rules, to the Athlete, theAthlete's National Anti-Doping Organization and any other Anti-Doping
Organizations with Testing authority over the Athlete.
14.6 Data Privacy
14.6.1 IWWF may collect, store, process or disclose personal
information relating to Athletes and other Persons where necessary
and appropriate to conduct their anti-doping activities under the Code,the International Standards (including specifically the International
Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information) andthese Anti-Doping Rules.
14.6.2 Any Participant who submits information including personal
data to any Person in accordance with these Anti-Doping Rules shall bedeemed to have agreed, pursuant to applicable data protection laws
and otherwise, that such information may be collected, processed,
disclosed and used by such Person for the purposes of theimplementation of these Anti-Doping Rules, in accordance with theInternational Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal
Information and otherwise as required to implement these Anti-Doping
Rules.

ARTICLE 15

APPLICATION AND RECOGNITION OF DECISIONS

15.1 Subject to the right to appeal provided in Article 13, Testing, hearing
results or other final adjudications of any Signatory which are consistent with
the Code and are within that Signatory’s authority shall be applicableworldwide and shall be recognized and respected by IWWF and all its
National Federations.
[Comment to Article 15.1: The extent of recognition of TUE decisions of other AntiDoping Organizations shall be determined by Article 4.4 and the International
Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions.]
15.2 IWWF and its National Federations shall recognize the measures taken
by other bodies which have not accepted the Code if the rules of those bodies
are otherwise consistent with the Code.
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[Comment to Article 15.2: Where the decision of a body that has not accepted theCode is in some respects Code compliant and in other respects not Code compliant,
IWWF and its National Federations shall attempt to apply the decision in harmony
with the principles of the Code. For example, if in a process consistent with theCode a non-Signatory has found an Athlete to have committed an anti-doping ruleviolation on account of the presence of a Prohibited Substance in his or her bodybut the period of Ineligibility applied is shorter than the period provided for in theseAnti-Doping Rules, then IWWF shall recognize the finding of an anti-doping ruleviolation and may conduct a hearing consistent with Article 8 to determine whether
the longer period of Ineligibility provided in these Anti-Doping Rules should be
imposed.]15.3 Subject to the right to appeal provided in Article 13, any decision of
IWWF regarding a violation of these Anti-Doping Rules shall be recognized by
all National Federations, which shall take all necessary action to render suchdecision effective.

ARTICLE 16
INCORPORATION OF IWWF ANTI-DOPING RULES ANDOBLIGATIONS OF NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
16.1 All National Federations and their members shall comply with theseAnti-Doping Rules. All National Federations and other members shall include
in their regulations the provisions necessary to ensure that IWWF may
enforce these Anti-Doping Rules directly as against Athletes under their antidoping jurisdiction (including National-Level Athletes). These Anti-Doping
Rules shall also be incorporated either directly or by reference into each
National Federation’s rules so that the National Federation may enforce themitself directly as against Athletes under its anti-doping jurisdiction (including
National-Level Athletes).
16.2 All National Federations shall establish rules requiring all Athletes andeach Athlete Support Personnel who participates as coach, trainer, manager,
team staff, official, medical or paramedical personnel in a Competition or
activity authorized or organized by a National Federation or one of its
member organizations to agree to be bound by these Anti-Doping Rules andto submit to the results management authority of the Anti-Doping
Organization responsible under the Code as a condition of such participation.
16.3 All National Federations shall report any information suggesting or
relating to an anti-doping rule violation to IWWF and to their National AntiDoping Organizations, and shall cooperate with investigations conducted by
any Anti-Doping Organization with authority to conduct the investigation.
16.4 All National Federations shall have disciplinary rules in place to prevent
Athlete Support Personnel who are Using Prohibited Substances or Prohibited
Methods without valid justification from providing support to Athletes under
the jurisdiction of IWWF or the National Federation.
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16.5 All National Federations shall be required to conduct anti-doping
education in coordination with their National Anti-Doping Organizations.

ARTICLE 17

STATUTE OF LIMITATIONSNo anti-doping rule violation proceeding may be commenced against an Athlete orother Person unless he or she has been notified of the anti-doping rule violation asprovided in Article 7, or notification has been reasonably attempted, within ten
years from the date the violation is asserted to have occurred.

ARTICLE 18

IWWF COMPLIANCE REPORTS TO WADA

IWWF will report to WADA on IWWF’s compliance with the Code in accordance with
Article 23.5.2 of the Code.

ARTICLE 19

EDUCATION

IWWF shall plan, implement, evaluate and monitor information, education andprevention programs for doping-free sport on at least the issues listed at Article
18.2 of the Code, and shall support active participation by Athletes and Athlete
Support Personnel in such programs.
19.1 IWWF may require Athletes to perform educational activities before
and/or during their participation to selected event (ex: Youth WorldChampionships).
ARTICLE 20RULESAMENDMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF ANTI-DOPING

20.1 These Anti-Doping Rules may be amended from time to time by IWWF.
20.2 These Anti-Doping Rules shall be interpreted as an independent andautonomous text and not by reference to existing law or statutes.
20.3 The headings used for the various Parts and Articles of these AntiDoping Rules are for convenience only and shall not be deemed part of thesubstance of these Anti-Doping Rules or to affect in any way the language ofthe provisions to which they refer.
20.4 The Code and the International Standards shall be considered integral
parts of these Anti-Doping Rules and shall prevail in case of conflict.
20.5 These Anti-Doping Rules have been adopted pursuant to the applicableprovisions of the Code and shall be interpreted in a manner that is consistent
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with applicable provisions of the Code. The Introduction shall be considered
an integral part of these Anti-Doping Rules.
20.6 The comments annotating various provisions of the Code and theseAnti-Doping Rules shall be used to interpret these Anti-Doping Rules.
20.7 These Anti-Doping Rules have come into full force and effect on [1January 2015] (the “Effective Date”). They shall not apply retroactively tomatters pending before the Effective Date; provided, however, that:
20.7.1 Anti-doping rule violations taking place prior to the Effective
Date count as "first violations" or "second violations" for purposes ofdetermining sanctions under Article 10 for violations taking place after
the Effective Date.
20.7.2 The retrospective periods in which prior violations can beconsidered for purposes of multiple violations under Article 10.7.5 andthe statute of limitations set forth in Article 17 are procedural rules
and should be applied retroactively; provided, however, that Article 17
shall only be applied retroactively if the statute of limitations period
has not already expired by the Effective Date. Otherwise, with respect
to any anti-doping rule violation case which is pending as of theEffective Date and any anti-doping rule violation case brought after the
Effective Date based on an anti-doping rule violation which occurredprior to the Effective Date, the case shall be governed by thesubstantive anti-doping rules in effect at the time the alleged antidoping rule violation occurred unless the panel hearing the casedetermines the principle of “lex mitior” appropriately applies under thecircumstances of the case.
20.7.3 Any Article 2.4 whereabouts failure (whether a Filing Failure
or a Missed Test, as those terms are defined in the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations) prior to the Effective Dateshall be carried forward and may be relied upon, prior to expiry, in
accordance with the International Standard for Testing andInvestigation, but it shall be deemed to have expired 12 months after
it occurred.
20.7.4 With respect to cases where a final decision finding an antidoping rule violation has been rendered prior to the Effective Date, but
the Athlete or other Person is still serving the period of Ineligibility asof the Effective Date, the Athlete or other Person may apply to theAnti-Doping Organization which had results management responsibility
for the anti-doping rule violation to consider a reduction in the period
of Ineligibility in light of these Anti-Doping Rules. Such applicationmust be made before the period of Ineligibility has expired. The
decision rendered may be appealed pursuant to Article 13.2. These
Anti-Doping Rules shall have no application to any case where a final

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decision finding an anti-doping rule violation has been rendered andthe period of Ineligibility has expired.
20.7.5For purposes of assessing the period of Ineligibility for asecond violation under Article 10.7.1, where the sanction for the first
violation was determined based on rules in force prior to the Effective
Date, the period of Ineligibility which would have been assessed forthat first violation had these Anti-Doping Rules been applicable, shallbe applied.

ARTICLE 21

INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE

21.1 The official text of the Code shall be maintained by WADA and shall be
published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the
English and French versions, the English version shall prevail.
21.2 The comments annotating various provisions of the Code shall be used
to interpret the Code.
21.3 The Code shall be interpreted as an independent and autonomous text
and not by reference to the existing law or statutes of the Signatories orgovernments.
21.4 The headings used for the various Parts and Articles of the Code arefor convenience only and shall not be deemed part of the substance of theCode or to affect in any way the language of the provisions to which theyrefer.
21.5 The Code shall not apply retroactively to matters pending before thedate the Code is accepted by a Signatory and implemented in its rules.
However, pre-Code anti-doping rule violations would continue to count as"first violations" or "second violations" for purposes of determining sanctions
under Article 10 for subsequent post-Code violations.
21.6 The Purpose, Scope and Organization of the World Anti-Doping
Program and the Code and Appendix 1, Definitions, and Appendix 2,
Examples of the Application of Article 10, shall be considered integral parts of
the Code.

ARTICLE 22
ADDITIONAL
ROLES
ATHLETES AND OTHER PERSONSANDRESPONSIBILITIES

OF

22.1 Roles and Responsibilities of Athletes
22.1.1
Rules.

To be knowledgeable of and comply with these Anti-Doping

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22.1.2

To be available for Sample collection at all times.

[Comment to Article 22.1.2: With due regard to an Athlete’s human rights andprivacy, legitimate anti-doping considerations sometimes require Sample collectionlate at night or early in the morning. For example, it is known that some Athletes
use low doses of EPO during these hours so that it will be undetectable in themorning.]22.1.3 To take responsibility, in the context of anti-doping, for what
they ingest and Use.
22.1.4 To inform medical personnel of their obligation not to Use
Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods and to takeresponsibility to make sure that any medical treatment received does
not violate these Anti-Doping Rules.
22.1.5 To disclose to their National Anti-Doping Organization and to
IWWF any decision by a non-Signatory finding that the Athletecommitted an anti-doping rule violation within the previous ten years.
22.1.6 To cooperate with Anti-Doping Organizations investigating
anti-doping rule violations.
22.1.7 Failure by any Athlete to cooperate in full with Anti-Doping
Organizations investigating anti-doping rule violations may result in acharge of misconduct under IWWF's disciplinary rules/code of conduct.

22.2 Roles and Responsibilities of Athlete Support Personnel
22.2.1
Rules.

To be knowledgeable of and comply with these Anti-Doping

22.2.2 To cooperate with the Athlete Testing program.
22.2.3 To use his or her influence on Athlete values and behavior tofoster anti-doping attitudes.
22.2.4 To disclose to his or her National Anti-Doping Organizationand to IWWF any decision by a non-Signatory finding that he or she
committed an anti-doping rule violation within the previous ten years.
22.2.5 To cooperate with Anti-Doping Organizations investigating
anti-doping rule violations.
22.2.6 Failure by any Athlete Support Personnel to cooperate in fullwith Anti-Doping Organizations investigating anti-doping rule violations

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may result in a charge of misconduct under IWWF's disciplinary
rules/code of conduct.
22.2.7 Athlete Support Personnel shall not Use or Possess any
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method without valid justification.
22.2.8 Use or Possession of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited
Method by an Athlete Support Personnel without valid justification may
result in a charge of misconduct under IWWF's disciplinary rules/codeof conduct.

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APPENDIX 1

DEFINITIONSADAMS: The Anti-Doping Administration and Management System is a Web-based
database management tool for data entry, storage, sharing, and reporting designed
to assist stakeholders and WADA in their anti-doping operations in conjunction withdata protection legislation.
Administration:
Providing, supplying, supervising, facilitating, or otherwise
participating in the Use or Attempted Use by another Person of a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method. However, this definition shall not include theactions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance or
Prohibited Method used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or otheracceptable justification and shall not include actions involving Prohibited Substances
which are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances asa whole demonstrate that such Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine
and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport performance.
Adverse Analytical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other
WADA-approved laboratory that, consistent with the International Standard forLaboratories and related Technical Documents, identifies in a Sample the presenceof a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers (including elevatedquantities of endogenous substances) or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited
Method.
Adverse Passport Finding: A report identified as an Adverse Passport Finding as
described in the applicable International Standards.
Anti-Doping Organization: A Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for
initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This
includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, the International
Paralympic Committee, other Major Event Organizations that conduct Testing attheir Events, WADA, International Federations, and National Anti-Doping
Organizations.
Athlete: Any Person who competes in sport at the international level (as defined inthese Anti-Doping Rules), or the national level (as defined by each National AntiDoping Organization). An Anti-Doping Organization has discretion to apply antidoping rules to an Athlete who is neither an International-Level Athlete nor a
National-Level Athlete, and thus to bring them within the definition of “Athlete.” Inrelation to Athletes who are neither International-Level nor National-Level Athletes,
an Anti-Doping Organization may elect to: conduct limited Testing or no Testing at
all; analyze Samples for less than the full menu of Prohibited Substances; require
limited or no whereabouts information; or not require advance TUEs. However, if
an Article 2.1, 2.3 or 2.5 anti-doping rule violation is committed by any Athlete overwhom an Anti-Doping Organization has authority who competes below theinternational or national level, then the Consequences set forth in the Code (except
Article 14.3.2) must be applied. For purposes of Article 2.8 and Article 2.9 and for

IWWF Anti-Doping Rules 201561

purposes of anti-doping information and education, any Person who participates in
sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports
organization accepting the Code is an Athlete.
[Comment: This definition makes it clear that all International- and National-Level
Athletes are subject to the anti-doping rules of the Code, with the precise
definitions of international- and national-level sport to be set forth in the antidoping rules of the International Federations and National Anti-Doping
Organizations, respectively. The definition also allows each National Anti-Doping
Organization, if it chooses to do so, to expand its anti-doping program beyond
International- or National-Level Athletes to competitors at lower levels ofCompetition or to individuals who engage in fitness activities but do not compete atall. Thus, a National Anti-Doping Organization could, for example, elect to test
recreational-level competitors but not require advance TUEs. But an anti-doping
rule violation involving an Adverse Analytical Finding or Tampering results in all of
the Consequences provided for in the Code (with the exception of Article 14.3.2).
The decision on whether Consequences apply to recreational-level Athletes who
engage in fitness activities but never compete is left to the National Anti-Doping
Organization. In the same manner, a Major Event Organization holding an Event
only for masters-level competitors could elect to test the competitors but notanalyze Samples for the full menu of Prohibited Substances. Competitors at alllevels of Competition should receive the benefit of anti-doping information andeducation.]
Athlete Biological Passport: The program and methods of gathering and collating
data as described in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations andInternational Standard for Laboratories.
Athlete Support Personnel: Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official,
medical, paramedical personnel, parent or any other Person working with, treatingor assisting an Athlete participating in or preparing for sports Competition.
Attempt: Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in acourse of conduct planned to culminate in the commission of an anti-doping ruleviolation. Provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation based
solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the Person renounces the Attemptprior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the Attempt.
Atypical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADAapproved laboratory which requires further investigation as provided by theInternational Standard for Laboratories or related Technical Documents prior to thedetermination of an Adverse Analytical Finding.
Atypical Passport Finding: A report described as an Atypical Passport Finding as
described in the applicable International Standards.
CAS: The Court of Arbitration for Sport.

IWWF Anti-Doping Rules 201562

Code: The World Anti-Doping Code.
Competition: A single race, match, game or singular sport contest within an Event.
For stage races and other sport contests where prizes are awarded on a daily orother interim basis, the distinction between a Competition and an Event will be asprovided in the rules of the applicable International Federation. For IWWF, it may
consist of one or more rounds of one or more disciplines (e.g. Slalom).
Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (“Consequences”): An Athlete's orother Person's violation of an anti-doping rule may result in one or more of thefollowing:(a) Disqualification means the Athlete’s results in a particularCompetition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting Consequences including
forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete orother Person is barred on account of an anti-doping rule violation for a specified
period of time from participating in any Competition or other activity or funding as
provided in Article 10.12.1; (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other
Person is barred temporarily from participating in any Competition or activity prior
to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8; (d) Financial
Consequences means a financial sanction imposed for an anti-doping rule violationor to recover costs associated with an anti-doping rule violation; and (e) Public
Disclosure or Public Reporting means the dissemination or distribution of
information to the general public or Persons beyond those Persons entitled toearlier notification in accordance with Article 14. Teams in Team Sports may also
be subject to Consequences as provided in Article 11 of the Code.
Contaminated Product: A product that contains a Prohibited Substance that is notdisclosed on the product label or in information available in a reasonable Internet
search.
Disqualification: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
Doping Control: All steps and processes from test distribution planning through toultimate disposition of any appeal including all steps and processes in between suchas provision of whereabouts information, Sample collection and handling, laboratory
analysis, TUEs, results management and hearings.
Event: A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one rulingbody (e.g., a sport division World Championships, World Cup, World Games,
Continental Confederation Games, etc.)
Event Venues: Those venues so designated by the ruling body for the Event,including designated official competitions, training and accommodation venues.
Event Period: The time between the beginning and end of an Event, as establishedby the ruling body of the Event. Unless otherwise specifically defined by the rulingbody of the Event, the Event Period shall commence at 12 noon on the day before
the first Competition commences and shall end 30 minutes after the final results of
the last Competition have been posted and made final.

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63

Fault: Fault is any breach of duty or any lack of care appropriate to a particularsituation. Factors to be taken into consideration in assessing an Athlete or other
Person’s degree of Fault include, for example, the Athlete’s or other Person’s
experience, whether the Athlete or other Person is a Minor, special considerations
such as impairment, the degree of risk that should have been perceived by the
Athlete and the level of care and investigation exercised by the Athlete in relation towhat should have been the perceived level of risk. In assessing the Athlete’s orother Person’s degree of Fault, the circumstances considered must be specific andrelevant to explain the Athlete’s or other Person’s departure from the expected
standard of behavior. Thus, for example, the fact that an Athlete would lose theopportunity to earn large sums of money during a period of Ineligibility, or the factthat the Athlete only has a short time left in his or her career, or the timing of the
sporting calendar, would not be relevant factors to be considered in reducing theperiod of Ineligibility under Article 10.5.1 or 10.5.2.
[Comment: The criteria for assessing an Athlete’s degree of Fault is the sameunder all Articles where Fault is to be considered. However, under Article 10.5.2,
no reduction of sanction is appropriate unless, when the degree of Fault isassessed, the conclusion is that No Significant Fault or Negligence on the part of theAthlete or other Person was involved.]
Financial Consequences: see Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations, above.
In-Competition: “In-Competition” means within the Event Period.
[Comment: An International Federation or ruling body for an Event may establish
an “In-Competition” period that is different than the Event Period.]
Independent Observer Program: A team of observers, under the supervision of
WADA, who observe and provide guidance on the Doping Control process at certain
Events and report on their observations.
Individual Sport: Any sport that is not a Team Sport.
Ineligibility: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
International Event: An Event or Competition where the International Olympic
Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, aMajor Event Organization, or another international sport organization is the rulingbody for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event. For IWWF, itmeans an Event or Competition where the IWWF or an IWWF Confederation (a) is
the ruling body under the rules governing the Event, e.g., sport division WorldChampionship Events; (b) is responsible under the rules governing the Event forappointing the chief technical officials for the event (e.g., Chief Judge, Chief
Calculator, Chief Driver, etc.) or (c) specifically designates the Event or Competitionin the official IWWF Calendar as being under IWWF’s jurisdiction for the purpose of

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64

applyingtheseAnti-Doping
Rules,
thatcanbe
http://www.iwsftournament.com/calendar/calendardisplay.php

downloadedonInternational-Level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the international
level, as defined by each International Federation, consistent with the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations. For the sport of waterski & wakeboard
International-Level Athletes are defined as set out in the Scope section of theIntroduction to these Anti-Doping Rules.
International Standard: A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code.
Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative
standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures
addressed by the International Standard were performed properly. International
Standards shall include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to theInternational Standard.
Major Event Organizations:
The continental associations of National Olympic
Committees and other international multi-sport organizations that function as theruling body for any continental, regional or other International Event.
Marker: A compound, group of compounds or biological variable(s) that indicates
the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
Metabolite: Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.
Minor: A natural Person who has not reached the age of eighteen years.
National Anti-Doping Organization: The entity(ies) designated by each country as
possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement antidoping rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of test results, andthe conduct of hearings at the national level. If this designation has not been madeby the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country’s National
Olympic Committee or its designee.
National Event: A sport Event or Competition involving International- or NationalLevel Athletes that is not an International Event.
National Federation: A national or regional entity which is a member of or isrecognized by IWWF as the entity governing IWWF's sport in that nation or region.
National-Level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the national level, as
defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization, consistent with theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations.
National Olympic Committee: The organization recognized by the International
Olympic Committee. The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the
National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport

IWWF Anti-Doping Rules 201565

Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in theanti-doping area.
No Fault or Negligence: The Athlete or other Person's establishing that he or she
did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected evenwith the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had Used or been administered
the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or otherwise violated an anti-doping
rule. Except in the case of a Minor, for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete mustalso establish how the Prohibited Substance entered his or her system.
No Significant Fault or Negligence: The Athlete or other Person's establishing that
his or her Fault or negligence, when viewed in the totality of the circumstances andtaking into account the criteria for No Fault or negligence, was not significant inrelationship to the anti-doping rule violation. Except in the case of a Minor, for any
violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited
Substance entered his or her system.
[Comment: For Cannabinoids, an Athlete may establish No Significant Fault or
Negligence by clearly demonstrating that the context of the Use was unrelated tosport performance.]
Out-of-Competition: Any period which is not In-Competition.
Participant: Any Athlete or Athlete Support Person.
Person: A natural Person or an organization or other entity.
Possession: The actual, physical Possession, or the constructive Possession (whichshall be found only if the Person has exclusive control or intends to exercise control
over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists); provided, however, that if the
Person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited
Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method
exists, constructive Possession shall only be found if the Person knew about thepresence of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method and intended to exercise
control over it. Provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation
based solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the
Person has committed an anti-doping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete
action demonstrating that the Person never intended to have Possession and hasrenounced Possession by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organization.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this definition, the purchase (including
by any electronic or other means) of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method
constitutes Possession by the Person who makes the purchase.
[Comment:
Under this definition, steroids found in an Athlete's car would
constitute a violation unless the Athlete establishes that someone else used the car;in that event, the Anti-Doping Organization must establish that, even though the
Athlete did not have exclusive control over the car, the Athlete knew about the

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steroids and intended to have control over the steroids. Similarly, in the example
of steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete
and spouse, the Anti-Doping Organization must establish that the Athlete knew thesteroids were in the cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control overthe steroids. The act of purchasing a Prohibited Substance alone constitutes
Possession, even where, for example, the product does not arrive, is received bysomeone else, or is sent to a third party address.]
Prohibited List:
Methods.

The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited

Prohibited Method: Any method so described on the Prohibited List.
Prohibited Substance: Any substance, or class of substances, so described on theProhibited List.
Provisional Hearing: For purposes of Article 7.9, an expedited abbreviated hearing
occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 that provides the Athlete with notice andan opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form.
[Comment: A Provisional Hearing is only a preliminary proceeding which may not
involve a full review of the facts of the case. Following a Provisional Hearing, theAthlete remains entitled to a subsequent full hearing on the merits of the case. By
contrast, an “expedited hearing,” as that term is used in Article 7.9, is a full hearing
on the merits conducted on an expedited time schedule.]
Provisional Suspension: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
Publicly Disclose or Publicly Report:
Violations above.

See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule

Regional Anti-Doping Organization:
A regional entity designated by member
countries to coordinate and manage delegated areas of their national anti-doping
programs, which may include the adoption and implementation of anti-doping rules,
the planning and collection of Samples, the management of results, the review ofTUEs, the conduct of hearings, and the conduct of educational programs at aregional level.
Registered Testing Pool:
The pool of highest-priority Athletes establishedseparately at the international level by International Federations and at the national
level by National Anti-Doping Organizations, who are subject to focused InCompetition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that International
Federation's or National Anti-Doping Organization's test distribution plan andtherefore are required to provide whereabouts information as provided in Article 5.6of the Code and the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Sample or Specimen: Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping
Control.

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[Comment: It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples
violates the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups. It has been determinedthat there is no basis for any such claim.]
Signatories: Those entities signing the Code and agreeing to comply with the Code,as provided in Article 23 of the Code.
Specified Substance: See Article 4.2.2.
Strict Liability: The rule which provides that under Article 2.1 and Article 2.2, it is
not necessary that intent, Fault, negligence, or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part
be demonstrated by the Anti-Doping Organization in order to establish an antidoping rule violation.
Substantial Assistance: For purposes of Article 10.6.1, a Person providing
Substantial Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement all
information he or she possesses in relation to anti-doping rule violations, and(2) fully cooperate with the investigation and adjudication of any case related tothat information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if
requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organization or hearing panel. Further, theinformation provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any
case which is initiated or, if no case is initiated, must have provided a sufficientbasis on which a case could have been brought.
Tampering: Altering for an improper purpose or in an improper way; bringing
improper influence to bear; interfering improperly; obstructing, misleading or
engaging in any fraudulent conduct to alter results or prevent normal proceduresfrom occurring.
Target Testing: Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set forthin the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Team Sport:
Competition.

A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a

Testing:
The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution
planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to thelaboratory.
Trafficking: Selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering or distributing (orPossessing for any such purpose) a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method(either physically or by any electronic or other means) by an Athlete, Athlete
Support Person or any other Person subject to the jurisdiction of an Anti-Doping
Organization to any third party; provided, however, this definition shall not include
the actions of "bona fide" medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance used
for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or other acceptable justification, andshall not include actions involving Prohibited Substances which are not prohibited in

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Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such
Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposesor are intended to enhance sport performance.
TUE: Therapeutic Use Exemption, as described in Article 4.4.
UNESCO Convention:
The International Convention against Doping in Sport
adopted by the 33rd session of the UNESCO General Conference on 19 October,2005 including any and all amendments adopted by the States Parties to theConvention and the Conference of Parties to the International Convention against
Doping in Sport.
Use: The utilization, application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means
whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
WADA: The World Anti-Doping Agency.
[Comment: Defined terms shall include their plural and possessive forms, as well as
those terms used as other parts of speech].

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APPENDIX 2

EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 10

Please see the World Anti-Doping Code Appendix 2
https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/the-code/2015-world-anti-doping-code
for further guidance.

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