ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ࿨‫̦ڬ‬࣓ࡃഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ޣג̳͖ݞ‬Ĳȫࣱ୼ȁ࢕ၠȁȆȁ୞ỹȁࣝऴঊີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါలĶĵ࣢าक़ˎˌˍˍාˎ࠮ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ࿨‫ࡃ࣓̦ڬ‬ഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ޣג̳͖ݞ‬ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ࿨‫̦ڬ‬࣓ࡃഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ ޣג̳͖ݞ‬Ĳȫࣱ୼ȁ࢕ၠȁȆȁ୞ỹȁࣝऴঊ࿚ȁȁఴȁਬ౬́‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ͚षȄਬ౬ඤ͉ͅȄιϋΨȜ̷̸ͦͦͅచ̱̀Ȅև̧̳͓࣐൲̷͈͞ో଼‫ܖ‬੔ͅ‫ܢ̳ͥ۾‬ఞ̦ࠁ଼̯ͦͥ ( ࡣ୼ , 1988)ȃ̳̻̈́ͩਬ౬͉́Ȅ‫ڎ‬ιϋΨȜ͈අಭͅ؊̲̀Ḙ̥̏ͦͣ৾ͤழ͚‫ه‬ఴͅ‫ڎ‬ș͈ιϋΨȜ̦͈̓೾ഽ࣓ࡃ̳͈̥ͥȄ̷͈̹͈͛̓ͅ೾ഽ഼ႁ̳͈̥ͥͅ‫ࡉ̱̀۾‬ୟ̦࣐ͤͩͦ͜Ȅ̷̦ͦͣ‫ܢ‬ఞ̞̠͂ࠁ́‫ڎ‬ιϋΨȜͅഥో̯ͦͥȃȁ֚೰କ੔͈ࣾඳฺ̯̠ͬȄྶ‫ߓ́ږ‬ఘഎ̈́࿒ດ͉ιϋΨȜ͈κΙαȜΏοϋ̭̦ͬࣞ͛ͥ͂
াऐ̯̞ͦ̀ͥ (Locke & Latham, 1990 ઐ֔Ȇ‫ڙ‬५࿫ 1994)ȃਬ౬̥ͣ‫ڎ‬ιϋΨȜͅ‫̵ͥͦͣܙ‬࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͅ‫ܢ̳ͥ۾‬ఞ̦ഐ୨͈̜̈́́ͦ͊͜ȄιϋΨȜ͂̽̀ͅȄ̷͈‫ܢ‬ఞ͉κΙαȜΏοϋͬࣞ͛ͥ࿒ດ̱͂̀‫ܥ‬ෝ̳̜̠ͥ́ͧȃ‫ͅݙ‬Ȅ‫ܢ‬ఞ͈ະഐ୨̯͞ະྶၸ̯͉Ȅ૖ྩྖ௷ۜ͞ਬ౬͈͒΋ηΛΠιϋΠ͈೩‫( ̞̯ͥ̀ͦ੄ࡉ̦̭̦͂ͥ̈́̾ͅئ‬Fisher & Gitelson, 1983;Jackson & Schuler, 1985)ȃࣱ̹͘୼Ȇ‫݌‬ന (2006) ͉Ȅ‫ݭڠ‬ඤ͈ಏ‫ۼ‬ਬ౬̤̞̀ͅȄࡢ૽̦ఈ͈ਬ౬଼֥͈‫ܢ‬ఞͅ؊̢̭ͥ͂́Ȅ̞ࣞ‫ͬۜ௷ྖ߸۾‬ං̭ͥ͂ͬা̱̞̀ͥȃոષ͈̭̥͂ͣȄ‫ڎ‬ιϋΨȜ͈͒‫ܢ‬ఞ͈‫ܖ‬ய࣓͂̈́ͥࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾ͈ࡉୟ͈̯༷͉ͤ̈́ͦ͜Ȅ‫ڎ‬ιϋΨȜ͈‫ه‬ఴͅచ̳ͥ৾ͤழ͙͞ਬ౬ͅచ̳ͥఠഽ̺̫̩́̈́Ȅਬ౬ඤ͈చ૽‫ै༷̜͈̓̈́ͤ͜ͅ߸۾‬ဥ̳ͥਹါ̈́ါ֦͈ 1 ̜̾́ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃȁιϋΨȜ̦‫ܢ‬ఞ೒ͤȄ̷̜̞͉ͥͦոષ͈࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬা̱̹ાࣣȄਬ౬͂̽̀͜ͅ‫ڎ‬ιϋΨȜͅచ̳ͥ‫ܢ‬ఞ͉ͤ͢ྶ‫͈ͤ̈́̈́͜ͅږ‬Ȅਬ౬‫ڰ‬൲͉ಉ੬̺̩̜̠̽̀ͥ́ͧ (Brown,1988 ࣱ୼Ȇ‫࢛ޘ‬Ȇाന࿫ 1993)ȃ฽చͅȄιϋΨȜ̦া̱̹࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾ̦‫ܢ‬ఞͅྖ̹̥̹̈́̽ાࣣ͉ͅȄ̷͈ιϋΨȜͅచ̳ͥະྖ௷̦ۜࣞͤ͘Ȅਬ౬ඤ͈‫ފ‬ႁഎ̈́໱ս‫̦଻಺ފ͞ܨ‬೩‫̦̭̠̱̱͂̀͘ئ‬ထே̯ͦͥȃ̳̻̈́ͩȄ࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾ̦͈̠̓̈́͢କ੔́ࡉୟ̥̞̠̭͉ͣͦͥ͂͂͜Ȅࡢș͈ιϋΨȜ̺̫̩́̈́Ȅਬ౬஠ఘ͂̽̀͜ͅਹါ̈́࿚ఴ̜́ͥȃȁ࣓ࡃഽ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ ̢͈͈ͥͦͣ͜ࣉ̳͖͂ݞͬޣג‬1 ̾ͅȄࡢș͈ιϋΨȜ͈ࠐႤ͞ෝႁ̈́̓ȄιϋΨȜͅ‫ૂ̳ͥ۾‬༭̦̜ͥȃιϋΨȜ͈ުୡ̦ၻ̞ાࣣȄιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁ̷̦͈ࡔ֦
̱͂̀ಕ࿒̯̳̞̭̦ͦ͂͞াऐ̯̞ͦ̀ͥ (Gioia & Sims, 1986)ȃ̭͈̭̥͂ͣȄιϋΨȜ͈ުୡ͈̯ࣞͬা̳͈͈͜ 1 ̜̾́ͥ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐͈࣓͒ࡃഽͬࡉୟͥ͜ાࣣ͉ͅȄιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁ− 57 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါͅ‫ૂ̳ͥ۾‬༭̦၌ဥ̯̳̞ͦ͂͞ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ̾ͤ͘ȄιϋΨȜ̦̭̥ͦͣ৾ͤழ͚‫ه‬ఴͅ‫۾‬̱̞̀ࣞෝႁͬခ̱̤̀ͤȄ̷̥͈̭̦̾͂ਬ౬ඤͅਔ౶̯̞ͦ̀ͦ͊Ȅ̷͈ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽ͉̩ࣞࡉୟ̜̠ͣͦͥ́ͧ͜ȃ‫ͅݙ‬Ȅ‫ه‬ఴͅ‫̳ͥ۾‬ෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜ̜̭̦́ͥ͂౶̞ͣͦ̀ͦ͊Ȅ̷͈ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽ͉೩̩ࡉୟͣͦͥ͂͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ̭͈̠͢ͅȄιϋΨȜ͈‫ه‬ఴͅ‫̳ͥ۾‬ෝႁૂ༭̦ਬ౬ඤ́‫ވ‬ခ̯̞ͦ̀ͦ͊Ȅ̷͈ෝႁ͈̯ࣞͅ؊̲࣓̀ࡃഽ͉ࡉୟͣͦͥ͂͜ထே̯ͦͥȃȁ̹͘Ȅ࣑໹ၑა (Adams, 1965) ͅ‫̞̀̿ܖ‬Ȅਬ౬஠ఘ͈ުୡͬ‫ڎ‬ιϋΨȜ̦޳൝ͅ਋଼̫৾ͥ‫ض‬Ȅ‫ڎ‬ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽͬൎව͂௴̢̹ાࣣȄ࣓ࡃഽ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜ઼ً͉༭ਫͬං̭ͥ͂̈́ͥͅȃ̷͈̹͛Ȅ̷͈ιϋΨȜͅచ̱͉̀Ȅ࣓ࡃഽ͈೩̯ͅ؊̲̀ఉ഼̩͈ႁͬൎව̳̭̦ͥ͂‫ܢ‬ఞ̯ͦͥ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ̳̻̈́ͩȄ࣓ࡃഽͬ೩̩ࡉୟ̭̦ͣͦͥ͂͜ထே̯ͦͥȄෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜ഼͈ႁၾ͉Ȅෝႁ̦̞ࣞιϋΨȜ̩ͤࣞ͢͜ࡉୟͣͦͥ͂͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃȁਬ౬́‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ͚ાࣣ͉ͅȄਬ౬ඤఈ৪͈࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟͤ͜Ȅ̷ͦͣͬ‫ܢ‬ఞ̳̺̫̩ͥ́̈́Ȅ൳শͅȄু໦ু૸̦͈̓೾ഽ഼ႁ̱Ȅ̷͈ࠫ‫͈̓ض‬೾ഽ࣓ࡃ̧͈̥̞̠́ͥ͂Ȅু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾ͈ࡉୟ࣐ͤͩͦͥ͜͜ȃ̷͈ࡉୟͤ͜͜ͅȄιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̦ैဥ̳ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃਬ౬ͅෝႁ̦̞ࣞιϋΨȜ̦̞ͥાࣣȄ̷͈ιϋΨȜ͈͂๤‫ু̥ͣڛ‬໦ু૸͈ෝႁͬ೩̞̲͂ۜȄু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽͬ೩̩ࡉୟͥ͂͜ထே̯ͦͥȃ฽చͅȄෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜ̦̞ͥાࣣȄু໦ু૸͈ෝႁ̞̲ͬࣞ͂ۜȄু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟͥ͂͜ထே̯ͦͥȃȁ̹͘Ȅ൳͈֚‫ه‬ఴͅਬ౬́৾ͤழ͚ાࣣȄ২ٛഎգႁ͈໦८࣓͞ࡃഽ͈ະྶၸ̯̽̀͢ͅȄडఱ഼ႁ̦อ‫( ̜̦̭̩̯ͥ͂ͥ̈́̈́ͦܞ‬Latané, Williams, & Harkins, 1979)ȃඅͅȄਬ౬ͅু໦ͤ͢͜ෝႁ̦̞ࣞιϋΨȜ̦̞ͥાࣣ͉ͅȄ̷͈ιϋΨȜ̦‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐ͅఱ̧̩࣓ࡃ̳̭ͥ͂
ͬ‫ܢ‬ఞ̱Ȅু໦̦डఱࡠ഼ͅႁ̱̩̈́̀͜ਬ౬‫ه‬ఴ͈ଛ࣐ͅ঑વ̦̞̲̈́͂ۜȄু໦ু૸͈
഼ႁၾͬ೩̩ࡉୟ̭̜ͥ͂ͥ͂͜͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃఈ͈ιϋΨȜ͂ু໦ু૸͈ෝႁ̦͂႒য̱̞̀ͥાࣣ͉ͅȄ২ٛഎ๤‫ͤ͢ͅڛ‬൲‫̫̿͞ܥ‬Ωέ΁ȜζϋΑ̦࢜ષ̳̭̦ͥ͂া̯̞ͦ̀
ͥ (Rijsman, 1974)ȃ̱̹̦̽̀Ȅু໦ু૸͈ෝႁ̦ఈ͈ιϋΨȜ͂൳൝̜́ͥાࣣ͉ͅȄ൲‫ܥ‬̫͈̿ࣞͤͤ͘͢ͅȄু໦ু૸഼͈ႁၾ̩ͬࣞࡉୟͥ͂͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ̹͘Ȅਬ౬̜́ͥιϋΨȜ଼͈‫ܢͬض‬ఞ̧̞́̈́ાࣣȄ̷ͦͬ༞̠̠͢ͅఈ͈ιϋΨȜ഼͈ႁၾ̦௩‫̜̦̭̳͂ͥح‬ͥ (Williams & Karau, 1991)ȃ̱̹̦̽̀Ȅਬ౬ͅু໦ͤ͢ෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜ̦̞ͥાࣣ͉ͅȄ̷͈ιϋΨȜ଼͈‫ͅض‬చ̳ͥ‫ܢ‬ఞ͉೩̩̈́ͤȄ̷ͦͬ༞ੲ̳̹ͥ͛ͅু໦ু૸഼͈ႁၾ̩ͬࣞࡉୟͥ͂͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃȁ̹̺̱Ȅਬ౬̤̫ͥͅఈ৪͈͒‫ܢ‬ఞ͉ͅȄࡢș͈ιϋΨȜ̦ඊুͅခ̱̞̀ͥ௺଻ͅ؊̲̹ࡢ૽എ̈́‫ܢ‬ఞ͂Ȅ২ٛഎͅඅ೰̯ͦͥ౷պͅ‫ܢ̩̿ܖ‬ఞ̦̜͂ͥ ( ࣱ୼Ȇ‫݌‬ന , 2006)ȃ̾ͤ͘Ȅ͈̠̓̈́͢ιϋΨȜ̜̥̞̠̭͉́ͥ͂͂͂ඊၛ̱̀Ȅ౜̞̽̀ͥ౷պ͞࿨‫̀̽͜͢ͅڬ‬Ȅ‫ڎ‬− 58 −ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ࿨‫ࡃ࣓̦ڬ‬ഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ޣג̳͖ݞ‬ιϋΨȜ̫࢜ͣͦͥͅ‫ܢ‬ఞ͉։̈́ͤȄ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐ͅచ̳࣓ͥࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾ͈ࡉୟ̦ͤ͜։̭̦̈́ͥ͂ထே̯ͦͥȃȁਬ౬͉̞̩̥͈̾ͅ࿨‫̦̺͈̜̦ͥڬ‬ȄඅͅςȜΘȜ͉Ȅఈ͈ιϋΨȜͤ͢͜ఉ̩͈݂୅ͬ໡̞Ȅैު࣓ͅࡃ̳̭̦ͥ͂‫̜̦̭ͥ͂ͥͦͣ͛ݥ‬ȃ̹͘ȄςȜΘȜ͈ুࡨ݂୅࣐൲͉Ȅέ΁υχȜ͈ैުփဳͬࣞ͛ͥ̈́̓Ȅਬ౬̤̞̀ͅခ࢘ͅ‫ܥ‬ෝ̳̭̦ͥ͂াऐ̯̞ͦ̀ͥ (Choi &Mai-Dalton, 1999; De Cremer, 2006)ȃ̭͈̭̥͂ͣȄ͈̠̓̈́͢ෝႁͬခ̱̹ιϋΨȜ̦̞ͥાࣣ́͜ȄςȜΘȜ̷͉͈࿨‫ͬڬ‬ဓ̢̭ͣͦͥ͂́Ȅ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐ͅచ̱̀ςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀ୣහ̲ͬۜȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̧̞̞̽̀̈́͂ͤ͢͜Ȅু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟͥ͂͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ൳শͅȄఈ͈ιϋΨȜ͈ैުփဳ̹ͬࣞ͛ͥ͛͜ͅȄ‫ه‬ఴͅచ̱̀ͤ͢ఉ഼̩͈ႁͬൎව̱̠̱͂͢Ȅু໦ু૸഼͈ႁၾ̩ͬࣞࡉୟͥ͂͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ̹͘ࡣ୼ (1979) ͉Ȅ૖ાਬ౬͈ςȜΘȜ͉Ȅ̴͘ুਬ౬͈ે‫ޙ‬෤՜̷̤͍͈͢ခ၌଻͈฻౯࣐̞ͬȄ̷͈฻౯ͅ‫̿ܖ‬̞̀‫ۯ‬ၑ࿒ດ͞ຈါ̈́ςȜΘȜ࣐൲ͬ஖఼̳ͥ͂੆͓̞̀ͥȃ̳̻̈́ͩςȜΘȜ͉ȄιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̈́̓ͅ‫̞̀̿ܖ‬ਬ౬͈ે‫෇ͬޙ‬౶̱Ȅ̷ฺͦ̽̀ͅু໦ু૸ͅ‫ࡃ࣓̞ͥ̀ͦͣ͛ݥ‬ഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟͥ͂͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ̷͈̹͛Ȅඅͅෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜ̦̞ͥાࣣ͉ͅȄ̷͈ιϋΨȜͬ঑‫̩ޑ̭̳͂ͥͅ׳‬൲‫̫ͦͣ̿ܥ‬Ȅু໦ু૸഼͈ႁၾͬఈ͈ιϋΨȜ̩ͤࣞ͢͜ࡉୟͥ͂͜͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃȁոષ͈̠͢ͅȄਬ౬́‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ̧͚͂Ȅ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐ͅచ̳࣓ͥࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾ͈ࡉୟ͉ͤ͜ͅȄఈ͈ιϋΨȜͅచ̱࣐̠͈̀͂͜ু໦ু૸ͅచ̱࣐̠͈̦̜̀͂ͥ͜ȃ̱̥͜Ȅ̷͉ͦͣඊၛ̱࣐͈͉̩̀ͩͦͥ́̈́͜Ȅෝႁૂ༭͞࿨‫ࣉ̦ڬ‬ၪ̯ͦȄ௖ࡽͅ‫۾‬Ⴒ̱ࣣ̞̦࣐̞̈́ͣͩͦ̀ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ̱̥̱ਲြ͈ࡄ‫͉́ݪ‬Ȅఈ͈ιϋΨȜͅచ̱࣐̠࣓̀ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾ͈ࡉୟ͉ͤ͜‫ܢ‬ఞ͞చ૽෇౶͈̈́̓໲ྤ́Ȅু໦ু૸ͅచ̳͈͉ͥ͜൲‫̫̿͞ܥ‬࿒ດ୭೰̞̠͂໲ྤ́ࡢ༆ͅ࠿൦̧̯̹ͦ̀ȃ̷ུ̭́ࡄ‫͉́ݪ‬Ȅু໦ু૸ͬ‫̹͛܄‬ਬ౬ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅȄιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫࠿ͬޣג̳͖ݞ̦ڬ‬൦̳ͥȃ༷ȁȁ༹৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ȁఱ‫ڠ‬୆౳଻ 27 ྴȄ੫଻ 33 ྴȄࠗ 60 ྴȃ໹޳ාႢ 20.37 प (R=18-22 पȄSD=0.89)ȃո‫ͅئ‬া̳‫ ͅ࠯ૄڎ‬10 ྴ̴̾ρϋΘθͅ‫ͤڬ‬൚̹̀ȃ̤̈́Ȅ‫ڎ‬৘ࡑ͉ 3 ྴ 1 ழ࣐̹́ͩͦȃ৘ࡑْࠗȁෝႁૂ༭ 3 ( ‫ئ‬պȆ൳պȆષպ ) ȿςȜΘȜ࿨‫ ڬ‬2 ( ခȆྫ ) ͈ 2 ါْ֦ࠗȃ2 ါ֦͂͜৘ࡑ४‫ح‬− 59 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ৪‫ۼ‬ါ֦̜̹́̽ȃȁෝႁૂ༭ȁιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̱͂̀Ȅ֚੣ͅ৘ࡑͅ४‫ ̞̱ͥ̀ح‬3 ྴ໦͈ΞΑΠ଼͈ୡͬA Ƚ C ͈ 3 ౲‫ٴ‬ບ‫̹̱ܱ́ث‬ΏȜΠͬȄ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪̷̸ͦͦͅࡢ༆ͅ೹া̱̹ȃ̷͈षȄ଼ܱ̯̹ͦୡ͈ඤယ́ෝႁૂ༭ͬௌै̱̹ȃ̳͓͈̀ૄ࠯́Ȅ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ু૸̤͍͢ఈ͈ 2 ྴ͈̠̻͈ 1 ྴ ( ո‫ئ‬Ȅດ੔ఈ৪ ) ଼͈ୡ̱͂̀ȶBȷͬ೹া̱̹ȃॼ͈ͤ 1 ྴ ( ո‫ئ‬Ȅ๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ ) ଼͈ୡ̱͂̀Ȅȶ‫ئ‬պȷૄ࠯͉́৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ু૸ͤ͢ෝႁ̦೩̞̭͂ͬা̳ȶCȷͬȄȶ൳պȷૄ࠯͉́৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪͂൳൝͈ෝႁ̜̭́ͥ͂ͬা̳ȶBȷͬȄȶષպȷૄ࠯͉́৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ু૸ͤ͢ෝႁ̦̞̭ࣞ͂ͬা̳ȶAȷͬ೹া̱̹ȃȁςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȁȶခȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅ3 ྴ͈̠̻ 1 ྴͅςȜΘȜ̱͂̀‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ̠ͭ́ͣ͂͜
‫ޗ‬া̱̹ȃ̱̥̱৘ष͉ͅȄȶခȷૄ࠯̳͓͈̀৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ͅȄςȜΘȜ͈࿨‫ͤڬ̦ڬ‬൚̹̭̦̀ͣͦ͂ࡢ༆ͅഥ̢̹ͣͦȃ̳̻̈́ͩȄȶခȷૄ࠯͈৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪͉̳͓̀Ȅু໦ু૸ͬςȜΘȜȄఈ͈ 2 ྴͬέ΁υχȜ͂෇ে̱̞̹̭̀͂̈́ͥͅȃȶྫȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅ࿨‫ޗ̳ͥ۾ͅڬ‬া࣐̥̹ͬͩ̈́̽ȃਲ௺་ତȁ࣓ࡃഽ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ȁ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪͉Ȅু໦ু૸Ȅດ੔ఈ৪Ȅ̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪̷̸̦ͦͦḘ̥̏ͦͣਬ౬́৾ͤழ͚‫ه‬ఴͅచ̱̀ȶ͈̓೾ഽ࣓ࡃ̳ͥ͂এ̠̥ȷ̞̾̀ͅȄVisual Analogue
Scale( ո‫ئ‬ȄVAS) ́ٝ൞̱̹ȃVAS ͉́Ȅ100 mm ͈ೄ஌ષͅȄ஠̩࣓ࡃ̱̞̈́͂এ̠ાࣣͬ
0 mmȄडఱ࣓ͅࡃ̳ͥ͂এ̠ાࣣͬ 100 mm ̱͂̀Ȅ࣓ࡃ̳ͥ͂এ̠೾ഽͬນ̳໐໦ͅ০஌֣́ͬັ̵̫̯̹ȃ0 ̥֣̦ͣັ̫̹ͣͦ໐໦͈́͘ಿ̯ͬ 1 mm ౙպ́௶೰̱Ȅ̷͈ಿ̯࣓ͬ
ࡃഽ͈ࡉୟ͈ͤ͜ঐດ̱̹͂ȃȁ഼ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ȁ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪͉Ȅু໦ু૸Ȅດ੔ఈ৪Ȅ̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪̷̸̦ͦͦḘ̥̏ͦͣਬ౬́৾ͤழ͚‫ه‬ఴͅచ̱̀ȶ͈̓೾ഽ഼ႁ̳ͥ͂এ̠̥ȷ̞̾̀ͅ VAS ́ٝ൞̱̹ȃ࣓ࡃഽ͈ࡉୟͤ͂͜൳အ͈਀௽̧́ঐດͬॳ੄̱̹ȃȁෝႁૂ༭ͬփে̱̹೾ഽȁ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪͉Ȅু໦ু૸Ȅດ੔ఈ৪Ȅ̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪̷̸͈࣓ͦͦࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟͥ͜षͅȄȶ3 ྴ͈ΞΑΠ଼͈ୡ͈ͬ̓೾ഽփে̱̹̥ȷ̞̾̀ͅȄȶ1:஠̩փে̱̥̹̈́̽ȷȽȶ5: ๱ુͅփে̱̹ȷ͈ 5 ࠯༹́ٝ൞̱̹ȃȁ࿨‫ͬڬ‬փে̱̹೾ഽȁςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯͈৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪͈͙Ȅু໦ু૸Ȅດ੔ఈ৪Ȅ̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪̷̸͈࣓ͦͦࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟͥ͜षͅȄȶ3 ྴ͈࿨‫͈̓ͬڬ‬೾ഽփে̱̹̥ȷ
̞̾̀ͅȄȶ1: ஠̩փে̱̥̹̈́̽ȷȽȶ5: ๱ુͅփে̱̹ȷ͈ 5 ࠯༹́ٝ൞̱̹ȃ਀௽̧ȁ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ 3 ྴͬ৘ࡑ৒ͅව৒̵̯Ȅ৘ࡑ͈࿒എͬȶ࿒ດ͂஻௮଻̦ਬ౬͈́࿚ఴٜࠨͅ‫ݞ‬− 60 −ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ࿨‫ࡃ࣓̦ڬ‬ഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ޣג̳͖ݞ‬͖̳‫̭͓͂ͥ಺̞̀̾ͅޣג‬ȷ͂୰ྶ̱̹ȃ̹͘Ȅȶ̭̥ͦͣਬ౬́დ̱ࣣ̞̱̞̳͈ͬ̀ͣ́͘͜Ȅၻ̞ࠫა̦੄̠̤ͥ͢ͅࡽ̞ͅ‫ފ‬ႁ̱̩̺̯̞̀ȷ͂‫ޗ‬া̱̹ȃ̯ͣͅȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅȶ3 ྴ͈̠̻ 1 ྴͅςȜΘȜ̱͂̀‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ̞̳ͭ́ͣ͘͜ȃ̷͈षȄً‫͈ݲ‬ςȜΘȜࠐࡑͥ͢ͅ‫ͬޣג‬ൡଷ̳̹ͥ͛ͅȄςȜΘȜࠐࡑ৪̦ςȜΘȜ̈́ͥͅાࣣ͂ςȜΘȜྚࠐࡑ৪̦ςȜΘȜ̈́ͥͅાࣣ̦̜̳͂ͤ͘ȷ͈͂ܺͤ‫ޗ‬া࣐̹ͬ̽ȃ̭͈‫ޗ‬া͉Ḙ̥̏ͦͣ‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ͚ਬ౬͉ͅςȜΘȜ͈࿨‫̜̦ͤڬ‬ȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯̳͓͈̀৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ͅςȜΘȜ̈́ͥͅ‫خ‬ෝ଻̦̜̭ͥ͂ͬփে̵̯̹͈͈̜̹ͥ͛́̽͜ȃȁ̷͈ࢃȄ3 ྴ͈৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ͬȄ઩ၛ̤́ࡽ̞͈਀ࡓ̦ࡉ̢̞̈́ેఠ̱̀ͅ಍୘̵̯̹ȃ̷̱̀Ȅȶ̭̥ͦͣਬ౬́৾ͤழ͚‫ه‬ఴͅ‫۾‬Ⴒ̳ͥෝႁ͈ 1 ̜̾́ͥ஻௮଻ͬ௶೰̳ͥΞΑΠȷ͂ઠ̱̀Ȅ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ͅࡢ༆̞̩̥͈̾ͅ‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ̵̹͘ȃ̷͈षȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯͉́ȄςȜΘȜࠐࡑ͈ခྫȄခͥા̷ࣣ͉͈ͅশ‫͂ܢ‬ඤယͬ࿚̠ৗ࿚ٝ͜ͅ൞̵̯̹ȃȁ̷ͦͣͬٝਓ̱̹ࢃȄΞΑΠͬनത̳̹ͥ͛͂ઠ̱̀Ȅ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ͬତ໦‫̷͈͘͘ۼ‬ఞ‫̯ܥ‬̵̹ȃ̷͈ࢃȄෝႁૂ༭ૄ࠯ͅ؊̲̀Ȅ3 ྴ໦͈͈ܺͤΞΑΠ଼͈ୡܱ̱̹ͬΏȜΠͬ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪̷̸ͦͦͅࡢ༆ͅ೹া̱̹ȃ̷͈षȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪ͅ‫ͤڬ‬൚̹̀ͣͦ࿨‫̦ڬ‬ȶςȜΘȜȷ̜̭́ͥ͂͜ΏȜΠܱ̯̞̹ͦ̀ͅȃ̤̈́ȄΞΑΠ଼͈ୡ̤͍͢࿨‫̞̀̾ͅڬ‬Ȅఈ͈৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪͂დ̯̞̠̈́͢ͅঐা̱̹ȃȁ̷͈ࢃȄ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪͉ਲ௺་ତͬ௶೰̳̹͈ͥ͛ৗ࿚಺औຘٝͅ൞̱̹ȃ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪̦ٝ൞ͬਞ̢̹̭͂ͧ́ΟͻήςȜέͻϋΈ࣐̞ͬȄ৘ࡑͬਞၭ̱̹ȃਫ਼ါশ‫͉ۼ‬࿩ 40 ໦̜̹́̽ȃࠫȁȁ‫ض‬࣓ࡃഽ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ȁ ‫ ࡃ࣓ ͈ ࠯ ૄ ڎ‬ഽ ͈ ࡉ ୟ͈ͤ͜໹޳౵ͬ଎ 1 ͅা̱̹ȃ̭̞ͦͣ̾̀ͅȄෝႁ
ૂ༭ 3 ( ‫ئ‬պȆ൳պȆષպ )ȿςȜΘȜ࿨‫ ڬ‬2 ( ခȆྫ )ȿ చ ય 3( ু ໦ ু ૸Ȇ ດ ੔ఈ৪Ȇ๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ ) ͈໦८໦ଢ଼࣐̹ͬ̽ȃȁ̴͘Ȅచય͈ခփ̈́৽࢘‫(̹ͦͣ͛෇̦ض‬F(2, 108)=40.93,

࿑  ⽸₂ᐲߩ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠅp<.01)ȃఉਹ๤‫ض͈ࠫڛ‬Ȅু໦ু૸ (M=53.62, SD=19.69) ͤ͢͜ດ੔ఈ৪ (M=71.83, SD=18.27) ̤− 61 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ (M=72.90, SD=18.07) ͈࣓ࡃഽͬခփ̩ࣞͅࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ ( ̴̞ͦ͜ p<.01)ȃ
ȁ̹͘Ȅෝႁૂ༭͂చય͈͂ခփ̈́࢐ࡽैဥ̦෇̹͛ͣͦ (F(4, 108)=5.96, p<.01)ȃ‫ئ‬պ࠿೰͈ࠫ‫ض‬Ȅ๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪͈࣓ࡃഽͬࡉୟͥ͜षͅȄෝႁૂ༭͈ခփ̈́ౙ੗৽࢘‫( ̹ͦͣ͛෇̦ض‬F(2, 162)=4.06,p<.05)ȃఉਹ๤‫ض͈ࠫڛ‬Ȅȶ‫ئ‬պȷૄ࠯ (M=63.60, SD=20.19) ͤ͢͜Ȅȶ൳պȷૄ࠯ (M=76.15,SD=13.20) ̤͍͢ȶષպȷૄ࠯ (M=78.95, SD=16.24) ̤̞࣓̀ͅࡃഽͬခփ̩ࣞͅࡉୟ̞̽̀͜
̹ (p<.05; p<.01)ȃ̹͘Ȅෝႁૂ༭͈஠͈̀ૄ࠯̤̞̀ͅȄచય͈ခփ̈́ౙ੗৽࢘‫ͦͣ͛෇̦ض‬̹ (F(2, 108)=14.28, p<.01; F(2, 108)=23.99, p<.01; F(2, 108)=14.59, p<.01)ȃఉਹ๤‫ض͈ࠫڛ‬Ȅȶ‫ئ‬պȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅດ੔ఈ৪ (M=76.65, SD=15.02)Ȅ๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪Ȅু໦ু૸ (M=54.60, SD=20.80) ͈ਜ਼࣓ͅࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟ̤̽̀ͤ͜Ȅ̳͓͈̀ழ̵͙ࣣ͈ͩ‫́ۼ‬ခփ̈́ओ̦෇̹͛ͣͦ (p<.01; p<.01; p<.05)ȃ
ȶ൳պȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅু໦ু૸ (M=49.65, SD=19.01) ͤ͢͜Ȅດ੔ఈ৪ (M=72.55, SD=15.98) ̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪͈࣓ࡃഽͬခփ̩ࣞͅࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ ( ̴̞ͦ͜ p<.01)ȃȶષպȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅ๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪Ȅດ੔ఈ৪ (M=66.30, SD=21.60)Ȅু໦ু૸ (M=56.60, SD=18.52) ͈ਜ਼࣓ͅࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟ̤̽̀ͤ͜Ȅ̳͓͈̀ழ̵͙ࣣ͈ͩ‫́ۼ‬ခփ̈́ओ̦෇̹͛ͣͦ (p<.01; p<.01; p<.05)ȃ
ȁ̯ͣͅȄ2 ষ͈ခփ̈́࢐ࡽैဥ̦෇̹͛ͣͦ (F(4, 108)=3.75, p<.01)ȃ‫ئ‬պ࠿೰͈ࠫ‫ض‬Ȅȶ‫ئ‬պȷૄ࠯͉́ȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶྫȷૄ࠯ (M=46.00, SD=15.72) ͤ͢͜ȶခȷૄ࠯ (M=63.20, SD=21.69)
ȶ൳պȷ̤̞̀ͅȄু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽͬခփ̩ࣞͅࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ (F(1, 162)=4.50, p<.05)ȃ༷֚Ȅૄ࠯͉́ȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯ (M=40.30, SD=16.06) ͤ͢͜ȶྫȷૄ࠯ (M=59.00, SD=17.04)
̤̞̀ͅȄু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽͬခփ̩ࣞͅࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ (F(1, 162)=5.31, p<.05)ȃ
ȁষͅȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯́ু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽͬࡉୟͥ͜षͅȄෝႁૂ༭͈ခփ̈́ౙȶ൳պȷૄ࠯ͤ͢͜Ȅȶ‫ئ‬պȷ
੗Ȇౙ੗৽࢘‫( ̹ͦͣ͛෇̦ض‬F(2, 162)=4.17, p<.05)ȃఉਹ๤‫ض͈ࠫڛ‬Ȅૄ࠯̤̞̀ͅু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽͬခփ̩ࣞͅࡉୟ̤̽̀ͤ͜ (p<.01)Ȅȶષպȷૄ࠯ (M=56.00,SD=20.45) ̤̞̀ͅু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟͥ͜߹̦࢜෇̹͛ͣͦ (p<.10)ȃ
ȁ̹͘ȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯̤̫ͥͅෝႁૂ༭͈̳͓͈̀ૄ࠯̤̞̀ͅȄచય͈ခփ̈́
ౙ੗Ȇౙ੗৽࢘‫( ̹ͦͣ͛෇̦ض‬F(2, 108)=4.43, p<.05; F(2, 108)=30.37, p<.01; F(2, 108)=9.97, p<.01)ȃఉਹ๤‫ض͈ࠫڛ‬Ȅȶ‫ئ‬պȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅু໦ু૸̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ (M=68.20, SD=20.36) ͤ͢͜Ȅດ੔ఈ৪ (M=80.20, SD=18.15) ͈࣓ࡃഽͬခփ̩ࣞͅࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ ( ̴̞ͦ͜ p<.05)ȃȶ൳պȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅু໦ু૸ͤ͢͜ດ੔ఈ৪ (M=78.10, SD=14.28) ̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ (M=81.50, SD=11.68) ͈࣓ࡃഽͬခփ̩ࣞͅࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ ( ̴̞ͦ͜ p<.01)ȃȶષպȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅ๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ (M=82.10,SD=13.02)Ȅດ੔ఈ৪ (M=67.00, SD=14.51)Ȅু໦ু૸͈ਜ਼࣓ͅࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟ̤̽̀ͤ͜Ȅ๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪͂ດ੔ఈ৪̤͍͢ু໦ু૸͈͂‫͉ͅۼ‬ခփ̈́ओ̦ (p<.05; p<.01)Ȅດ੔ఈ৪͂ু໦ু૸͂
͈‫͉ͅۼ‬ओ̦̜ͥ߹̦࢜෇̹͛ͣͦ (p<.10)ȃ
ȁ̯ͣͅȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶྫȷૄ࠯̤̫ͥͅȶ‫ئ‬պȷૄ࠯̤͍͢ȶષպȷૄ࠯́Ȅచય͈ခփ
̈́ౙ੗Ȇౙ੗৽࢘‫( ̹ͦͣ͛෇̦ض‬F(2, 108)=10.67, p<.01; F(2, 108)=5.04, p<.01)ȃఉਹ๤‫ض͈ࠫڛ‬Ȅȶ‫ئ‬− 62 −ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ࿨‫ࡃ࣓̦ڬ‬ഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ޣג̳͖ݞ‬պȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅດ੔ఈ৪ (M=76.65, SD=9.83)Ȅ๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ (M=63.60, SD=18.94)Ȅু໦ু૸͈ਜ਼࣓ͅࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟ̤̽̀ͤ͜Ȅ̳͓͈̀ழ̵͙ࣣ͈ͩ‫́ۼ‬ခփ̈́ओ̦෇̹͛ͣͦ (p<.01; p<.01;p<.05)ȃȶષպȷૄ࠯͉́Ȅু໦ু૸ (M=57.20, SD=16.35) ͤ͢͜๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ (M=75.80, SD=18.39)
͈࣓ࡃഽͬခփ̩ࣞͅࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ (p<.01)ȃ

഼ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜
ȁ‫͈࠯ૄڎ‬഼ႁၾ͈ࡉୟ͈ͤ͜໹޳౵ͬນ 1 ͅা̱̹ȃ̭̞ͦͣ̾̀ͅȄෝႁૂ༭ 3 ȿςȜΘȜ࿨‫ ڬ‬2 ȿచય 3 ͈໦८໦ଢ଼࣐̹ͬ̽ȃ̷͈ࠫ‫ض‬Ȅ̴̞͈ͦ৽࢘‫ैࡽ࢐͍̤͢ض‬ဥ͜ခփ͉́
̥̹̈́̽ ( ̳͓͈̀৽࢘‫͍̤͢ض‬ςȜΘȜ࿨‫ ̳ͥ۾ͅڬ‬1 ষ͈࢐ࡽैဥ Fs<1; ෝႁૂ༭͂చય
͈࢐ࡽैဥ F(4, 108)=1.32; 2 ষ͈࢐ࡽैဥ F(4, 108)=1.47, ̴̞ͦ͜ n.s. )ȃ

⴫  ദജ㊂ߩ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠅਅ૏      ᦭ห૏      ਄૏      ਅ૏      ήห૏      ਄૏      ᮡḰઁ⠪                                    Ყセઁ⠪                                    ⥄ಽ⥄り ౝߪ 6 'ෝႁૂ༭ͬփে̱̹೾ഽ
ȁ‫͈࠯ૄڎ‬ෝႁૂ༭ͬփে
̱̹೾ഽ͈໹޳౵ͬ଎ 2 ͅা̱̹ȃ̭̞ͦͣ̾̀ͅȄෝႁૂ༭ 3 ȿςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬2 ȿచય 3 ͈໦८໦ଢ଼࣐ͬ
̹̽ȃȁ̴͘ȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫৽͈ڬ‬࢘‫ͅض‬ခփ߹̦࢜෇͛ͣ
ͦ (F(1, 54)=3.02, p<.10)Ȅ
ȶခȷૄ ࠯ (M=2.50, SD=0.96) ͤ͢ ͜ȶ ྫ ȷ ૄ ࠯ (M=2.84,࿑  ⢻ജᖱႎࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ⒟ᐲSD=1.05) ̤̞̀ͅȄෝႁૂ༭ͬփে̱̹೾ഽ̦̞ࣞ߹̦࢜ࡉ̹ͣͦȃ̹͘Ȅచય͈ခփ̈́৽࢘‫( ̹ͦͣ͛෇̦ض‬F(2, 108)=12.84, p<.01)ȃఉਹ๤‫ض͈ࠫڛ‬Ȅু໦ু૸ (M=2.28, SD=0.90) ͤ͢͜Ȅດ੔ఈ৪ (M=2.80, SD=1.03) ̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ (M=2.93, SD=1.01) ഼͈ႁၾ࣓͞ࡃഽͬࡉୟ̧ͥ͂͜− 63 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါͅȄෝႁૂ༭ͬփে̱̹೾ഽ̦ခփ̥̹ࣞ̽ͅ (p<.01)ȃ
ȁ̯ͣͅȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫͂ڬ‬చય͈͂ခփ̈́࢐ࡽैဥ̦෇̹͛ͣͦ (F(2, 108)=5.46, p<.01)ȃ‫ئ‬պ࠿೰͈ࠫ‫ض‬Ȅດ੔ఈ৪̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪͈࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟͥ͜षͅȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯ (M=2.47, SD=0.96; M=2.67, SD=0.94) ͤ͢͜ȶྫȷૄ࠯ (M=3.13, SD=0.99; M=3.20, SD=1.01) ̤̞̀ͅȄෝႁૂ༭ͬփে̱̹೾ഽ̦ခփ̥̹ࣞ̽ͅ (F(1, 162)=6.96, p<.01; F(1, 162)=4.46, p<.05)ȃ̹͘ȄςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶྫȷૄ࠯̤̞̀ͅȄచય͈ခփ̈́ౙ੗৽࢘‫( ̹ͦͣ͛෇̦ض‬F(2, 108)=17.03,p<.01)ȃఉਹ๤‫ض͈ࠫڛ‬Ȅু໦ু૸ (M=2.20, SD=0.83) ͤ͢͜Ȅດ੔ఈ৪ (M=3.13, SD=0.99) ̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪ (M=3.20, SD=1.01) ͈࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟͥ͜षͅȄෝႁૂ༭ͬփে̱̹೾ഽ̦
ခփ̥̹ࣞ̽ͅ ( ̴̞ͦ͜ p<.01)ȃ

࿨‫ͬڬ‬փে̱̹೾ഽ
ȁςȜΘȜ࿨‫ڬ‬ȶခȷૄ࠯̤̫ͥͅ࿨‫ͬڬ‬փে̱̹೾ഽ͈໹޳౵ͬȄෝႁૂ༭͈ૄ࠯̮͂ͅা̱̹
͈̦଎ 3 ̜́ͥȃ̭̞ͦͣ̾̀ͅȄෝႁૂ༭ 3 ȿ
చય 3 ͈໦८໦ଢ଼࣐̹ͬ̽ȃȁ̷͈ࠫ‫ض‬Ȅෝႁૂ༭͂చય͈࢐ࡽैဥ͈͙ͅခ
փ߹̦࢜෇̹͛ͣͦ (F(4, 54)=2.18, p<.10)ȃ‫ئ‬պ࠿೰͈ࠫ‫ض‬Ȅȶષպȷૄ࠯̤̞̀ͅȄచય͈ౙ੗৽࢘‫ͅض‬ခփ߹̦࢜෇̹͛ͣͦ (F(2, 54)=4.52, p<.10)ȃ
ఉਹ๤‫ض͈ࠫڛ‬Ȅু໦ু૸ (M=2.30, SD=1.00) ͤ͢͜ດ੔ఈ৪ (M=3.00, SD=1.34) ̤͍͢๤‫ڛ‬ఈ৪࿑  ᓎഀࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ⒟ᐲ

(M=2.80, SD=0.98) ͈࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟͥ͜षͅȄ࿨‫ͬڬ‬փে̱̹೾ഽ̦̞ࣞ߹̜̹࢜̽ͅ
(p<.10)ȃ

ࣉȁȁख़ȁུࡄ‫͈ݪ‬࿒എ͉ȄιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁͅ‫ૂ̳ͥ۾‬༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫̦ڬ‬Ȅু໦ু૸ͬ‫͚܄‬ਬ౬ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫࠿ͬޣג̳͖ݞ‬൦̳̭̜̹ͥ͂́̽ȃ࣓ࡃഽ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ȁু໦ո‫͈ٸ‬ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽ͉Ȅ༷͈֚ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁ̦ఈ༷͈ιϋΨȜ̞ͤࣞ͢ાࣣͅȄෝႁ̦̞ࣞιϋΨȜ͈༷̦̩ࣞࡉୟ̞̹ͣͦ̀͜ȃু໦ո‫͈ٸ‬ιϋΨȜ̞͉̾̀ͅȄෝႁૂ༭ͅ‫̞̀̿ܖ‬๤‫࣐̦ͦͩڛ‬Ȅ̷ͦͅ؊̲࣓̀ࡃഽ̦ࡉୟ̭̦ͣͦͥ͂͜াऐ̯̹ͦȃ− 64 −ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ࿨‫ࡃ࣓̦ڬ‬ഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ޣג̳͖ݞ‬ȁু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ̞͉̾̀ͅȄιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭͈ඤယͅ‫̴ͣͩ۾‬Ȅఈ͈ιϋΨȜ֚ͤ͢۹̱̀೩̩ࡉୟ̞̹ͣͦ̀͜ȃུࡄ‫͉́ݪ‬Ȅਬ౬́৾ͤழ͚‫ه‬ఴ͈ඤယ̞̾̀ͅમळ̈́୰ྶ̴̦̯̤̈́ͦ̀ͣȄ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐͈̠࣓̓͢ͅͅࡃ̧̥͉́ͥະྶၸ̈́ેఠ̜̹́̽ȃ̱̹̦̽̀Ȅ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐࣓ͅࡃ̧̞͈͉̞̥̞̠́̈́́̈́͂࠼ැ͉̥̹ࣞ̽͂ଔ௶̯ͦͥȃ̷͈̹͛Ȅ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐͈࣓͒ࡃͅ৐෴̱̹ष͈૤ၑഎ໅౜ͬࠚࡘ̳̞̠ͥ͂ুࡨཡ‫͈̱̀͂מ‬฽؊̜́ͥ৽ಫഎ̈́ΓσέȆΧϋΟͻ΅λΛάϋΈ̦୆̱ܳȄু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽͬ೩̩ࡉୟ̹͈͉̞̥̽́̈́͂͜ࣉ̢̧̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃȁ̹͘Ȅਬ౬ͅু໦ͤ͢͜ෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜ̦̞ͥાࣣȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̧̞͈༷̦̽̀ͥ͂Ȩ̷̠̞̏́̈́͂ͤ͢͜ু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ȃ̭͉ͦȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀ୣහ̥ۜͣȄু໦ু૸̦‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐࣓ͅࡃ̳̭ͥ͂́Ȅෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜͬ༞̤̠̳͂ͥ൲‫̢ͥͦͣࣉ̺̹̹̦̫͂͛̽ࣞ̿͘ܥ‬ȃ̱̥̱Ȅ̳͓͈̀ιϋΨȜ̦൳൝͈ෝႁͬခ̱̞̀ͥાࣣ͉ͅȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̧̞̽̀ͥ͂ͤ͢͜Ȩ̷̠̞͈༷̦̏́̈́͂ু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ȃਬ౬ͅෝႁ̦̞ࣞιϋΨȜ̦̞ͥાࣣ͉ͅȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̞̥̽̀ͥ๛̥̽̀͢ͅȄু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅओ։͉ࡉ̥̹ͣͦ̈́̽ȃ̭͈ͦͣࠫ‫͉ض‬ȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬ဓ̢̧̹͉ͣͦ͂ͅȄఈ͈ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁͅ‫̴ͣͩ۾‬ȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̧̞̞̽̀̈́͂ͤ͢͜ু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟ͈ͥ͂͜ထே͉֚͂౿̱̞͈̜̹̈́́̽͜ȃ̳͓͈̀ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁ̦൳൝̜́ͥ͂෇౶̱̞̀ͥાࣣȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ه͉ڬ‬ఴଛ࣐͈࣓͒ࡃͅచ̳ͥ൲‫̩͉͈̫̈́́ͥ͛ࣞͬ̿ܥ‬Ȅ͚̱ͧ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐͈࣓͒ࡃ͈৐෴ͅచ̳ͥ࠼ැ͞৽ಫഎΓσέȆΧϋΟͻ΅λΛάϋΈ࣐̠ͬ߹࢜ͬ‫͛ޑ‬Ȅু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽͬ೩̩ࡉୟ̵̱̠ͣ̀͂͘͜ࣉ̢̧̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃ༷֚Ȅ̳͓͈̀ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁ̺̫̩́̈́Ȅ౷պ͞࿨‫̦ڬ‬൳൝̜́ͥાࣣ͉ͅȄ২ٛഎ๤‫࢜̀̽͢ͅڛ‬ષ଻͈գႁ̦ैဥ̱Ȅ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐͈࣓͒ࡃͅచ̳ͥ൲‫̢ͥͦͣࣉ̺͈̹̦̫͂̽ࣞ̿͘ܥ‬ȃȁ̯ͣͅȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̞̽̀ͥાࣣȄ̳͓͈̀ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁ̦൳൝̧͈͂ͤ͢͜Ȅু໦ͤ͢ෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜ̧̦̞ͥ͂Ȅ̤͍͢ু໦ͤ͢ෝႁ̦̞ࣞιϋΨȜ̧̦̞ͥ͂ͅȄু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ̩ͬࣞࡉୟ̞̹̽̀͜ȃ̳̻̈́ͩȄਬ౬ͅෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜ̧̦̞̺̫̩ͥ͂́̈́Ȅෝႁ̦̞ࣞιϋΨȜ̧̦̞ͥ͂͜ͅȄςȜΘȜ͉ু໦ু૸̦̭̥ͦͣਬ౬́৾ͤழ͚‫ه‬ఴͤ͢ͅఉ̩͈࣓ࡃ̳̺̠ͬͥͧ͂ထ௶̱̞̹̀ȃ̭͉ͦ୶੆̱̹̠͢ͅȄ̳͓͈̀ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁ̦൳൝̜́ͥાࣣȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫৽̀̽͢ͅڬ‬ಫഎΓσέȆΧϋΟͻ΅λΛάϋΈ࣐̠ͬ߹̦࢜‫ ͈֦ࡔ̦̭̹͂ͦͣ͛ޑ‬1 ̜̾́ͥ͂ࣉ̢̧̭ͥ͂́ͥ͜ȃ̱̥̱ȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀ୣහ͉ۜȄෝႁ̦೩̞ιϋΨȜͬ༞̤̠̳͂ͥ൲‫̩̫̺̫̈́́̿ܥ‬Ȅෝႁ̦̞ࣞιϋΨȜ̦ో଼̳ͥ͂ထே̯̞࣓ͦͥࣞࡃഽͬ‫ܖ‬੔̱͂̀Ȅু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ̷ͬͦͅ߃̫̠̳̿͂ͥ͢൲‫̧̢̦̭ͥ́͂ͥࣉ̫͂ͥ͛ࣞ̿͜ܥ‬ȃ− 65 −ີ५ఱ‫૽ڠ‬໲‫ڠ‬໐‫ܮ‬ါ഼ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ȁෝႁૂ༭͞ςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ڬ‬Ȅ̜̞͉ͥచય̦ু໦ু૸̥ఈ৪̥̞̠̭͂͂̽̀͢ͅȄ഼ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅओ͉ࡉ̥̹ͣͦ̈́̽ȃ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐͈ࠫ‫ࡃ࣓̜ͥ́ض‬ഽ͉͂։̈́ͤȄࠫ‫੄ͬض‬̳̹͈͛ίυΓΆ഼̜ͥႁၾ͉Ȅෝႁ͞࿨‫̴ͣͩ۾ͅڬ‬Ȅ̴̞͈ͦιϋΨȜ̞͕͖̾̀͜ͅ൳೾ഽͅࡉୟ̭̦ͣͦͥ͂͜াऐ̯̹ͦȃ഼ႁ̳̭͉ͬͥ͂Ȅ͈̠̓̈́͢ෝႁ̜̞͉ͥ࿨‫͈ڬ‬ιϋΨȜ̜́̽̀͜‫خ‬ෝ̜́ͥȃ഼̹͘ႁ͉Ȅෝႁ͞࿨‫͈૽ུͤ͜͢ڬ‬κΙαȜΏοϋ͈̯ࣞ̽̀͢ͅऒֲ̯̠͈̜ͦͥ́ͥ͜ȃ̷͈̹͛Ȅਬ౬́‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ͚ાࣣ͉ͅȄ̷̸͈ͦͦෝႁ͞࿨‫̴ͣͩ۾ͅڬ‬Ȅ̳͓͈̀ιϋΨȜ̦൳൝഼ͅႁ̳̭̦ͥ͂‫ܢ‬ఞ̯̹͈͉̞̥ͦ́̈́͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃෝႁૂ༭̤͍ͬ͢࿨‫ͬڬ‬փে̱̹೾ഽȁෝႁૂ༭͉ȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̧̞̽̀ͥ͂ͤ͢͜Ȅ౜̧̞̞͈༷̦̽̀̈́͂փে̯ͦͥ೾ഽ̦̞ࣞ߹̜̹࢜̽ͅȃ̹͘ෝႁૂ༭͉Ȅু໦ু૸ͤ͢͜Ȅఈ͈ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟͥ͜षͅփে̯ͦͥ೾ഽ̦̥̹ࣞ̽ȃ̷͈߹͉࢜ςȜΘȜ࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̧̞̽̀ͥ͂ͤ͢͜Ȅ౜̧̞̞̽̀̈́͂ͅࡐಠ̜̹́̽ȃ̳̻̈́ͩȄ̳͓͈̀ιϋΨȜ̦࿨‫ڬ‬ષ͉൳൝̧̈́͂ͅȄඅͅఈ͈ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽͬࡉୟͥ͜ष͉ͅȄෝႁૂ༭̦‫̩ޑ‬փে̯̭̦ͦͥ͂াऐ̯̹ͦȃȁ̹͘ςȜΘȜ͉Ȅু໦ͤ͢ෝႁ̦̞ࣞιϋΨȜ̦̞ͥਬ౬̤̞̀ͅȄఈ͈ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟ̧ͥ͂͜ͅȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬փে̳ͥ߹̜̹࢜̽ͅȃু໦ͤ͢࿹̹ͦෝႁͬခ̳ͥιϋΨȜ̞̾̀ͅࣉ̢̭ͥ͂̽̀͢ͅȄ̷͈๤‫ڛ‬చય̜́ͥু໦ু૸͈ෝႁ̺̫͉̩́̈́Ȅু໦ু૸ͅచ̳ͥఈ৪̥͈ͣ‫ܢ‬ఞͬࣞ͛ͥआ‫ͤ̈́͂ݶ‬ංͥςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͅڬ‬͜ಕփ̧̦̳̩̹͈͉̞̥࢜̈́̽́̈́͂͞ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃȁոષ͈̭̥͂ͣȄෝႁૂ༭ͅ‫̞̀̿ܖ‬ఈ͈ιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽ̦ࡉୟͣͦ͜Ȅ̯͉ͣͅఈ͈ιϋΨȜ͈͂చ๤́ু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ͉ࡉୟ͈̺̦ͣͦͥ͜ȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬ဓ̢ͣͦͥ͂Ȅ̷͈࿨‫ࣉ̦ڬ‬ၪ̯ͦȄু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ͈ࡉୟ̦ͤ͜಺ା̯ͦͥ͂ଔ௶̧̳̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃུࡄ‫ه͈ݪ‬ఴ͂ജབȁུࡄ‫͉́ݪ‬Ȅ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐͈ஜͅιϋΨȜ͈࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟͥ͜ે‫ͬޙ‬ே೰̱̤̀ͤȄ৘ࡑ४‫ح‬৪͉৘ष͉ͅ‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ̞̞ͭ́̈́ȃ̷͈̹͛Ȅུြ̜࣓́ͦ͊ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅड͜၌ဥ̯̳̞ͦ͂͞ࣉ̢ͣͦͥιϋΨȜ͈৘ୡͅ‫ૂ̳ͥ۾‬༭ͬ၌ဥ̧̳̭̦̞ͥ͂́̈́ȃ̹͘Ȅෝႁૂ༭̦͈̓೾ഽ‫ه‬ఴଛ࣐࣐൲͂‫۾‬Ⴒ̳̲̞̹̥ͥ͂ۜ̀ͬ‫̞̞̱̈́̀෇ږ‬ȃιϋΨȜͅ‫ૂ̳ͥ۾‬༭͈ඤယ̱͂̀Ȅෝႁͅ‫̩̫̺͈̳̈́́ͥ͜۾‬Ḙ͈̏ͦ́͘৘ୡ͞႒য‫ه‬ఴ− 66 −ιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁૂ༭̤͍͢ςȜΘȜ࿨‫ࡃ࣓̦ڬ‬ഽ഼̤͍͢ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ޣג̳͖ݞ‬଼͈́‫̓̈́ض‬Ȅఉအ̈́ૂ༭̞̾̀ͅ࠿൦̳ͥຈါ̦̜ͥȃȁ̹͘Ȅ৘षͅ‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ̞̞̺̫̩ͭ́̈́́̈́ȄςȜΘȜ͈࿨‫ͬڬ‬ဓ̢̹ͣͦાࣣͅև̧̳͓࣐൲̞̾̀͜ͅߓఘഎ̈́୰ྶ̦̯̥̹̈́ͦ̈́̽ȃ̱̹̦̽̀ȄςȜΘȜ͈࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̠̭͂ͥ͢ͅু໦ু૸͈࣓ࡃഽ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅచ̳ͥ࢘‫͉ض‬ȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀ߓఘഎ࣐̈́൲͞࿨‫ڬ‬ඤယͬփে̱̹̭͈̜͉͂ͥ́ͥ͂͢͜ͅࣉ̢̩̞ͅȃBrown (1988 ࣱ୼ఈ࿫ 1993) ͉Ȅਬ౬̤̫ͥͅ࿨‫͉ͅڬ‬ͺͼΟϋΞͻΞͻͬࠁ଼̳ͥ‫ܥ‬ෝ̦̜ͥ͂੆͓̞̀ͥȃུ̳̻̈́ͩࡄ‫ض͈ࠫݪ‬͉ȄςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬ဓ̢̭ͣͦͥ͂́Ȅਬ౬͈֥̜̞̠֚́ͥ͂ࡢ૽͈෇౶̜́ͥਬ౬ͺͼΟϋΞͻΞͻ ( ๶‫۾‬Ȇ‫݌‬ന , 2007) ̦‫̧̢̭ͥ́͂ͥ͜ࣉ̜͂ͥ́ض̹࢘ͦͣ͛ޑ‬ȃςȜΘȜ̱͈͂̀࿨‫ͬڬ‬౜̷̧̧̹̠̞͈̽͂͂́̈́͂Ȅਬ౬ͺͼΟϋΞͻΞͻ͞փে͈֑̞̞̾̀͜ͅ࠿൦̳ͥຈါ̦̜ͥȃȁུ̯ͣͅࡄ‫͉́ݪ‬Ȅ࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͬࡉୟ̦ͤ͜‫ܢ‬ఞ̱͈̠͂̀̓͢ͅιϋΨȜͅഥో̯͈̥͉ͦͥ࠿൦̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́ȃ̹͘৘षͅਬ౬́‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ͚ાࣣ͉ͅȄু໦ু૸ͅచ̳࣓ͥࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾͅ‫ࡉ̳ͥ۾‬ୟͤ͂͜Ȅఈ৪̥͈ͣࡉୟ̴̦̜ͤ͂ͦͥ͜ͅાࣣ̜ͥ͜ȃ̷̴͈ͦͬ‫ڎ‬ιϋΨȜ̦͈̠̓͢ͅ௴̢Ȅ̷̹͈̠ͦ̓͘͢ͅͅచੜ̳̥͉ͥȄ̷͈ࢃ͈ਬ౬‫ڰ‬൲ͬऒֲ̳ͥਹါ̈́ίυΓΆ̜ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ৘षͅਬ౬́‫ه‬ఴ৾ͤͅழ͚ಎ́Ȅ࣓ࡃഽ഼͞ႁၾ͈ࡉୟͤ͜ͅ‫ܢ̩̿ܖ‬ఞ̦͈̠̓͢ͅഥో̯ͦȄুࡨ͂ఈ৪͈͂ࡉୟ̴͈̦͈̠ͤͦ̓͜͢
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