Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. A, 30(2), pp. 77–86, June 22, 2004

A New Hippolytid Shrimp of the Genus Lebbeus White, 1847 from the
Sagami-Nada Sea, Central Japan, with Further Records of Two
Little-Known Species(Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea)
Tomoyuki Komai1 and Masatsune Takeda2
1

Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 955–2 Aobacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260–8682 Japane-mail: komai@chiba-muse.or.jp
2
Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3–23–1 Hyakunincho,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japane-mail: takeda@kahaku.go.jp

Abstract A new species of the hippolytid shrimp genus Lebbeus White, 1847, L. nudirostris, isdescribed from one female specimen collected from the Sagami-Nada Sea, central Japan, at a
depth of 250 m. A comparison with congeneric species is made. Supplemental information is provided for two recently described species, Lebbeus spongiaris Komai, 2001 and L. tosaensis Hanamura et Abe, 2003, based on the material also from the Sagami-Nada Sea.
Key words : Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Hippolytidae, Lebbeus, new species, Sagami-Nada
Sea, Japan.

The genus Lebbeus White, 1847 is the mostdiversified group within the family Hippolytidae,
with about 40 species currently recognized asvalid (Hayashi, 1992; Chace, 1997; Hayashi &Okuno, 1997; Fransen, 1997; Crosnier, 1999;
Komai, 2001; Hanamura & Abe, 2003). Many
species are considered to be free living, but someare associated with other invertebrates such as
sponges, sea anemones and crinoids. Association
with hydrothermalism is also known for two
species (Kikuchi & Ohta, 1995; Desbruyères &Segonzac, 1997). Furthermore, the genus showsa remarkable cosmopolitan distribution extending from cold to tropical waters, including theArctic and Antarctic, although geographicalranges of many species appear restricted to narrow area. The genus can be a good example forstudy of historical biogeography. However, it isapparent that the taxonomy of Lebbeus still needs
further study as mentioned by some contributors.
At present, 22 species are known from East
Asian waters, but there is little doubt that future

survey will yield more species from the region.
Since the year 2000, the National Science Museum, Tokyo, has carried out an ongoing surveyof the deep-water benthic fauna of the SagamiNada Sea and adjacent area, central Japan. Material was collected by commercial trap for scampi,
gill net, and dredge (using the RB Rinkai-Maruof the University of Tokyo and the TRV Shin’yoMaru of the Tokyo University of Marine Scienceand Technology) and resulted in a vast collectionof crustacean specimens. During sorting of thismaterial, three species of Lebbeus, reported inthis paper, were identified. At the time of thesorting, two of the three were undescribed. Given
that only one specimen existed for each two undescribed species, the preparation of a manuscript was delayed awaiting the possibility of collecting additional material. However, various collecting efforts during the field survey in the sea
in question failed to produce any additional material. We now describe a new species named L.
nudirostris, and compare it with L. miyakei

78

Tomoyuki Komai and Masatsune Takeda

Hayashi, 1992 from Japan, L. profundus (Rathbun, 1906) from Hawaii and L. saldanhae(Barnard, 1947) from South Africa. The second
species, undescribed at the time of sorting, is
now referred to L. tosaensis Hanamura et Abe,
2003, recently described from Tosa Bay, southwestern Japan. The third species is L. spongiaris
Komai, 2001, recently described from the Izu Islands, off central Japan. Supplemental notes areprovided for the latter two species.
The specimens used in this study are depositedin the Showa Memorial Institute, National Science Museum, Tokyo (NSMT). The postorbital
carapace length (CL) is used as a standard measurement indicating the size of specimens.
Mouthparts of the new species were not dissected, as only the holotype was available for study.
Taxonomic Accounts
Family Hippolytidae
Genus Lebbeus White, 1847
Lebbeus nudirostris sp. nov.
[New Japanese name: Sagami-ibara-moebi](Figs. 1A, 2, 3)

Type material. West of Taibusa-misaki, Boso
Peninsula, 35°04.68N, 139°45.32E, 250 m, FB
Ido-Inkyo-Maru No. 3, trap for scampi, holotype,female (CL 6.3 mm), NSMT-Cr S004, 8 March
2002, coll. H. Namikawa & Y. Imahara.
Description. Body (Fig. 1A) moderately robust
for genus; integument naked, glabrous, not particularly hard.
Rostrum (Fig. 2A, B) straight, directed forward, strongly compressed laterally, falling shortof distal margin of first segment of antennularpeduncle, 0.46 times of carapace length; both
dorsal and ventral margins unarmed; lateral surface with short, but clearly delineated ridge extending from base of supraorbital spine. Carapace (Figs. 1A, 2A–C) with moderately high,blunt postrostral median carina extending nearly
to posterodorsal margin of carapace and sloping
toward rostral base, bearing 3 relatively large
spines, of which posteriormost spine is arising at

0.33 of carapace length; orbital region weakly
depressed; supraorbital spine relatively large,
arising anteriorly to level of posterior margin oforbit; orbital margin generally concave, but with
U-shaped notch inferior to base of supraorbital
spine; suborbital lobe well-developed, subtriangular with subacute apex, slightly overreachingantennal spine; antennal spine small; pterygostomian spine also small, slightly exceeding antennal spine; anterolateral margin between antennal
and branchiostegal spines sinuous with shallow
excavation just inferior of antennal spine.
Abdomen (Figs. 1A, 2D) with all somites dorsally rounded. Second somite with transverse
groove on tergum shallow, not abruptly delimited. Posterodorsal margin of third somite well
produced. Pleura of anterior 4 somites broadly
rounded, fifth pleuron with moderately strong
posteroventral tooth. Sixth somite about 1.67
times as long as the fifth, and about 1.40 times aslong as height, bearing small posteroventral
tooth; posterolateral process terminating in tiny
spine. Telson (Fig. 2E) 1.93 times as long as
sixth somite, 2.84 times longer than anterior
width, lateral margins parallel in anterior 0.35,
and then tapering posteriorly to convex posterior
margin, with 5 dorsolateral spines on either side;
posterior margin (Fig. 2F) with 2 pairs of lateralspines (mesial pair longest) and 8 short setulose
spines between 2 lateral pairs.
Eye (Figs. 1A, 2A, C) subpyriform withcornea distinctly wider than eye-stalk; ocellus absent; maximum diameter of cornea about 0.20 ofcarapace length.
Antennular peduncle (Fig. 2A, C) reaching
0.75 of antennal scale. First segment longer than
distal 2 segments combined, falling short of midlength of antennal scale, unarmed on dorsodistal
margin; stylocerite slightly overreaching distal
margin of first segment, sharply pointed, mesial
margin convex, not overlapping first segment;
second segment about 0.60 length of first segment, with large spine at dorsolateral distal
angle; third segment short, with moderately large
spine on dorsodistal margin. Lateral flagellum
with thickened aesthetasc-bearing portion 0.39

New and Rare Lebbeus Shrimps from Sagami-Nada Sea

79

Fig. 1. A, Lebbeus nudirostris sp. nov., holotype female (CL 6.3 mm; NSMT-Cr S004), from Sagami-Nada Sea,
entire animal in lateral view; B, Lebbeus tosaensis Hanamura et Abe, female from Sagami-Nada Sea (CL 7.7mm; NSMT-Cr S335), entire animal in lateral view.

times as long as carapace in female.
Antenna (Fig. 2A, C) with basicerite bearing
moderately small distolateral spine; carpocerite
overreaching midlength of antennal scale. Antennal scale (Fig. 2G) 0.68 times as long as carapace
and 3.20 times as long as wide; lateral margin
faintly concave; distolateral tooth distinctly overreaching rounded distal margin of blade.
Mouthparts similar to those of other species(cf. Hayashi, 1992; Komai, 2001; Hanamura &Abe, 2003). Third maxilliped (Fig. 3A) relatively

long, overreaching antennal scale by 0.80 lengthof ultimate segment; ultimate segment 3.17 times
as long as carpus (penultimate segment), tapering distally, with short row of darkly pigmented
corneous spines distally (Fig. 3B); antepenultimate segment shorter than distal 2 segments
combined, with slender basally articulated spine
on distolateral margin; lateral surface bluntly
ridged; coxa with strap-like epipod.
Gill formula summarized in Table 1. Anterior
3 pereopods each with strap-like, hooked epipod

80

Tomoyuki Komai and Masatsune Takeda

Fig. 2. Lebbeus nudirostris sp. nov., holotype female (NSMT-Cr S004). A, carapace and cephalic appendages,
lateral view; B, anterior part of carapace, lateral view; C, anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages,
dorsal view; D, abdomen, lateral view; E, telson, dorsal view; F, posterior part of telson, dorsal view; G, left
antennal scale, dorsal view (marginal setae omitted); H, coxae of third maxilliped to third pereopods, showing presence of epipods, ventrolateral view.

New and Rare Lebbeus Shrimps from Sagami-Nada Sea
Table 1. Lebbeus nudirostris sp. nov., gill formula.

Pleurobranch
Arthrobranch
Podobranch
ExopodEpipodSetobranch

Maxillipeds
1
2
3

1

Pereopods
2
3 4

5

























































(Fig. 2H). Setobranchs present on first to third
pereopods, but no setobranch on fourth pereopod
corresponding to epipod on third pereopod.
First pereopod (Fig. 3C) moderately stout,
overreaching distal margin of antennal scale byhalf length of chela: chela (Fig. 3D) 2.44 times aslong as carpus, 4.44 times longer than wide;
dactylus 0.56 times as long as palm, terminatingin 2 darkly pigmented corneous claws; merus
2.09 times as long as carpus and 4.05 times
longer than greatest width, subcylindrical,
obliquely articulated to ischium, bearing shortrow of slender spinules on proximal 0.20 of ventral surface; dorsolateral face of merus with spinule at articulation with ischium. Second pereopod (Fig. 3E) overreaching antennal scale bylength of chela and half of carpus; chela small
with subcylindrical palm; dactylus 0.62 of palm
length, terminating in 2 small claws; carpus 3.33
times as long as chela, divided in 7 articles; articles in following ratios from proximal to distal
1.00 : 0.60 : 2.27 : 0.87 : 1.00 : 0.60 : 1.07; ischium
subequal in length to merus, with few spiniform
setae subproximally. Third to fifth pereopods
moderately long and slender, slightly decreasing
in length posteriorly. Third pereopod (Fig. 3F)
overreaching antennal scale by length of dactylus
and half of propodus; dactylus (Fig. 3G) 0.24
times as long as propodus, moderately stout (3.75
times as long as height), terminating in acute,darkly pigmented unguis, armed with 5 darkly
pigmented accessory spinules; propodus withrow of sparse spinules on ventral margin; carpus
0.42 times as long as propodus; merus 8.84 times
as long as high, armed with 1 subdistal spine on
lateral surface ventrally. Fourth pereopod (Fig.

81

3H) overreaching antennal scale by length ofdactylus; dactylus with 5 accessory spinules;
merus with 2 spines on lateral surface ventrally.
Fifth pereopod (Fig. 3I) not reaching distal margin of antennal scale; dactylus (Fig. 3J) with 5
accessory spinules; propodus with patch of very
short setae distoventrally (Fig. 3J); merus with 1
subdistal spine.
Female pleopods typical of genus, without distinctive feature. Uropod with both rami reaching
posterior margin of telson.
Coloration. Body (Fig. 1A) generally pale
pink; carapace with short white transverse bandon dorsal surface at about midlength. Third maxilliped and first pereopod darker pink, other pereopods nearly colorless.
Distribution. So far known only from the type
locality in the Sagami-Nada Sea at a depth of
250 m.
Etymology. From the Latin nude (naked) androstrum (rostrum), and in reference to the unarmed rostrum.
Remarks. This new species is characterized byhaving epipods on the anterior three pereopods,
well-developed, but short rostrum not reaching
distal margin of the first segment of the antennular peduncle and the rounded fourth abdominal
pleuron. Among the 37 species of Lebbeus currently considered valid, the set of these featuresare shared with L. miyakei Hayashi, 1992 fromJapan, L. profundus (Rathbun, 1906) from
Hawaii, and L. saldanhae (Barnard, 1947) fromSouth Africa (Rathbun, 1906; Hayashi, 1992;
Fransen, 1997). Lebbeus nudirostris is readily
distinguished from the latter three species by the
rostrum unarmed on both dorsal and ventral margins, three relatively large median spines on the
carapace of which the posteriormost spine arises
from 0.33 of the carapace length, and the distally
unarmed first segment of the antennular peduncle. In the latter three species, the rostrum isarmed with one or two spines on the dorsal margin and one spine on the ventral margin; the carapace bears only one small median spine arisingslightly posterior to the level of the orbital margin; the first segment of the antennular peduncle

82

Tomoyuki Komai and Masatsune Takeda

Fig. 3. Lebbeus nudirostris sp. nov., left appendages of holotype female (CL 6.3 mm; NSMT-Cr S004). A, third
maxilliped, lateral view; B, same, distal part of ultimate segment, mesial view; C, first pereopod, lateral view;D, same, chela, ventral view; E, second pereopod, lateral view; F, third pereopod, lateral view; G, same,
dactylus and distal part of propodus, lateral view; H, fourth pereopod, lateral view; I, fifth pereopod, lateralview; J, same, dactylus and distal part of propodus, lateral view.

New and Rare Lebbeus Shrimps from Sagami-Nada Sea

is armed with two (L. saldanhae), three (L. profundus) or four (L. miyakei) spines on the dorsodistal margin.
Within the group characterized by having
epipods on the anterior three pereopods, the unarmed rostrum is also found in L. lagunae(Schmitt, 1921) from California and Baja California and L. catalepsis Jensen, 1987 from Juande Fuca, Washington State, U.S.A., but the rostrum of the latter two species is greatly reduced
to a small spine (Schmitt, 1921; Jensen, 1987).
Well-developed, but unarmed rostrum is also
known for L. laevirostris Crosnier, 1999 from Indonesia. This species is immediately distinguished from L. nudirostris by the absence of
epipod on the third pereopod, the rostrum overreaching the distal margin of the first segment ofantennular peduncle and the fourth abdominal
pleuron bearing small posteroventral tooth.
The holotype female is non-ovigerous. However, the setose pleopods and remnants of egg
shells still carried on the abdomen indicate thatthe specimen is an adult.
Lebbeus spongiaris Komai, 2001
(Fig. 4A)
Lebbeus spongiaris Komai, 2001: 57, figs. 1–4.

Material examined. Southwest of Jogashima
Islet, Miura Peninsula, TRV Shin’yo-Maru, 2002
cruise: stn. 6 (35°05.62N, 139°32.29E, 698–
448 m), 22 October 2002, dredge, 1 female (CL
4.5 mm) (NSMT-Cr S332); South of Izu-OshimaIsland, stn. 29 (34°40.21N, 139°18.62E, 307–
289 m), dredge, 24 October 2002, 1 male (CL 3.1mm) (NSMT-Cr S333); stn. 30, similar locality,
34°40.65N, 139°19.29E, 252–228 m, dredge,
24 October 2002, 1 male (CL 2.9 mm), 1 female(CL 4.5 mm) (NSMT-Cr S334).
Diagnosis. Rostrum short, not reaching distal
margin of first segment of antennular peduncle;
dorsal margin armed with 3 spines, including 1
spine on rostrum proper and 2 spines on carapace, posteriormost spine arising from about 0.3
of carapace length; ventral margin unarmed or83

armed with 1 small subterminal tooth. Carapace
with relatively strong supraorbital spine accompanied by deep U-shaped notch below it; suborbital lobe well-developed; antennal spine moderately large; pterygostomian spine small; anterolateral margin between antennal spine and pterygostomian spine with rounded notch just inferior
to antennal spine and remainder nearly straight.
Anterior 3 abdominal pleura broadly rounded,
fourth pleuron with small posteroventral tooth;transverse groove on second abdominal tergum
shallow, not abruptly delimited; telson with 2
pairs of dorsolateral spines. Eye without ocellus.
First segment of antennular peduncle with 3 longteeth on dorsodistal margin; stylocerite slightly
falling short of, or slightly overreaching distal
margin of first segment. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth reaching rounded distal margin of
blade. Third maxilliped overreaching antennal
scale by 0.2–0.3 length of ultimate segment.
Epipods on anterior 3 pereopods. First pereopod
not overreaching antennal scale, with dactylus
about 0.6 of palm length. Third pereopod moderately long and slender; dactylus moderately stout(2.8–3.0 times as long as deep), less than 0.2 ofprotopod length, with 5 accessory spinules; carpus unarmed; merus armed with more than 2 lateral spines. Color in life generally light pink,
without conspicuous markings on body and appendages.
Distribution. Sagami-Nada Sea and Izu Islands; 228–698 m.
Remarks. The newly obtained specimens agree
well with the type description except for the rostrum armed with one small subterminal spine on
the ventral margin in two of the four specimens(Fig. 4A). On the other hand, it was confirmedthat the shape of the anterolateral margin of thecarapace between antennal and pterygostomianspines and the numbers of spines on the telson
and on the dorsodistal margin of the first segmentof antennular peduncle are constant. We provide
here somewhat expanded diagnosis incorporating
new information on the characters mentioned
under the account of L. tosaensis.
Komai (2001) compared L. spongiaris with L.

84

Tomoyuki Komai and Masatsune Takeda

Fig. 4. A, Lebbeus spongiaris Komai, female from Sagami-Nada Sea (NSMT-Cr S332), carapace, lateral view.
B, C, Lebbeus tosaensis Hanamura et Abe, female from Sagami-Nada Sea (NSMT-Cr S335). B, carapace, lateral view; C, dactylus of right third pereopod, lateral view.

microceras (Krøyer, 1841), L. carinatus Zarenkov,
1976 and L. comanthi Hayashi et Okuno, 1997,
and discussed that the ventrally unarmed rostrum
was diagnostic in distinguishing L. spongiaris
from the close relatives. However, it has beenfound that the rostrum of L. spongiaris occasionally has one small subterminal tooth on the ventral margin. Nevertheless, L. spongiaris can be
distinguished from the relatives by having only
two pairs of dorsolateral spines on the telson.
Komai (2001) suggested a possible association
between this species and sponge. The present
specimens were collected also from sponge richbottom, although there was no indication of close
association.
Lebbeus tosaensis Hanamura et Abe, 2003
(Figs. 1B, 4B, C)
Lebbeus tosaensis Hanamura & Abe, 2003: 17, figs. 1–5.

Material examined. West of Taibusa-misaki,
Boso Peninsula, 35°04.68N, 139°45.32E, 250
m, FB Ido-Inkyo-Maru No. 3, trap for scampi, 1
female (CL 8.7 mm), (NSMT-Cr S335), infested
by an unidentified rhizocephalan, 8 March 2002,
coll. H. Namikawa &Y. Imahara,
Diagnosis. Rostrum (Fig. 4B) short, not reaching distal margin of first segment of antennularpeduncle; dorsal margin armed with 3 or 4 moderately large spines, including 1 or 2 spines on
rostrum proper and 1 or 2 spines on carapace,posteriormost spine arising at 0.20–0.25 of carapace length; ventral margin usually with 1 or 2
small subterminal spines. Carapace (Figs. 1B,
4B) with relatively strong supraorbital spine accompanied by deep U-shaped notch below it;
suborbital lobe well-developed; antennal spine
moderately large; pterygostomian spine small,occasionally absent; anterolateral margin between antennal and pterygostomian spines somewhat to strongly sinuous. Anterior 3 abdominal
pleura broadly rounded, fourth pleuron withsmall posteroventral tooth; transverse groove on
second abdominal tergum shallow, not abruptly
delimited; telson with 4 or 5 dorsolateral spines
on each side. Eye without ocellus. First segmentof antennular peduncle with 3 or 4 long teeth on
dorsodistal margin; stylocerite reaching or slightly falling short of distal margin of first segment.
Antennal scale with distolateral tooth reaching as
far as rounded distal margin of blade. Third maxilliped overreaching antennal scale by 0.2–0.3
length of ultimate segment. Epipods on anterior 3
pereopods. First pereopod not reaching distal
margin of antennal scale, with dactylus about 0.6
of palm length. Third pereopod long and slender;
dactylus (Fig. 4C) slender (4.4–5.5 times longer

New and Rare Lebbeus Shrimps from Sagami-Nada Sea

than deep), more than 0.2 of propod length, with
5–7 accessory spinules; carpus unarmed; merus
armed with more than 2 lateral spines.
Coloration. As in Fig. 1B. Carapace with 3 or
4 transverse vermilion bands; 1 similar band oneach first to fifth abdominal somite; meri of third
to fifth pereopods banded with white and vermilion, carpi to dactyli colorless.
Distribution. Known from Tosa Bay and Sagami-Nada Sea, Pacific coast of Japan; 250–344 m.
Remarks. Lebbeus tosaensis is recently described by Hanamura and Abe (2003) based onfour specimens from Tosa Bay at a depth of 344
m. The present specimen from the Sagami-Nada
Sea agrees well with the original description except for having four spines on the dorsal rostral
series (Fig. 4B), rather than three spines in thetype specimens. This difference could be within
the range of variation of this species. Although
the original description is fully detailed, we give
here somewhat expanded diagnosis of thisspecies, adding characters not mentioned in theoriginal description, such as the shape of thenotch beneath the supraorbital spine, position of
the posteriormost median spine on the carapace,shape of the anterolateral margin between antennal and pterygostomian spines, development of
the transverse groove on the tergum of the second abdominal somite, and shape of the dactylusof the third pereopod (as representative of theambulatory legs). These characters are useful indiscriminating species of Lebbeus (personal observation).
Hanamura and Abe (2003) compared L.
tosaensis with L. carinatus Zarenkov, 1976, L.
comanthi, L. spongiaris and L. washingtonianus(Rathbun, 1902). Although they did not mention
the shape of the dactyli of the third to fifth pereopods precisely, this character is useful for
species discrimination in Lebbeus. The dactyli
are distinctly more slender in L. tosaensis than in
L. comanthi and L. spongiaris (length/heightratio 2.8–3.0 versus 4.3–5.3). As Hanamura andAbe (2003) discussed, L. tosaensis appears different from L. carinatus and L. washingtonianus
in the rostral armature.

85

Acknowledgments
We thank the Nagai Fishermen’s Cooperative
Association for kind arrangments for carryingout the survey and the staff of the FB Ido-InkyoMaru No. 3 for generous help in the field. We
also thank the Misaki Marine Biological Station,
the University of Tokyo, for providing us the laboratory facility. We are indebted to Drs. A. J.
Bruce of the Queensland Museum and K.-I.
Hayashi of the National University of Fisheries,
Shimonoseki, for reviewing the manuscript.
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