分離技術シリーズ 27

実用乾燥技術集覧
立

元

雄

治・中

村

正

分 離 技 術 会

秋編著

｢分離技術シリーズ｣ の継続刊行に当たって研究開発とは，新しい原理や現象を発見することばかりではなく，原理・現象は既知であっても新しい方法を案出するとか，あるいは新しい組み合わせを創案することによって，新しい技術，商品，品質，機能，用途，方法等々を創出することである．
本会は主に化学品の製造に関わる分離技術を包括的に扱う専門の学会である
が，研究者・技術者を糾合して正に関連分野の研究・開発の進展を目指し，急激な変化に対応しようと心がけている．
すでに何冊か刊行された本シリーズのなかには，本会会誌 ｢分離技術｣ 誌に掲載された論文によっているものもある．しかし，論文に記載された技術を取捨選択し，それらの組み合わせを考えて執筆されたものであるから，上述の視点から成書としての価値は高いといえるであろう．
さて，最近あらたな構想のもとに，本委員会よりいろいろな分野の権威者に執筆を依頼し，本シリーズに書き下ろしの著作物が加えられることになったのは誠に慶賀に堪えない次第である．分離技術の益々の発展に寄与することは勿論，読者諸兄姉に研鑽のお役に立つものと信じている．
分離技術シリーズ出版委員会
委員長

小

島

博

光

は じ め に

乾燥操作は，さまざまな分野において不可欠な操作であり，多くの技術者が乾燥操作にかかわっています．また，乾燥操作に関する基本的な原理などについてはいくつかの書籍で解説がなされています．にもかかわらず，乾燥操作に付随する各種問題の解決には多くの技術者が苦労しているのが現状です．これは，最適な乾燥方式が，乾燥する材料の形状や含水率などの特性あるいは必要とされる乾燥後の製品性状によって異なるためです．
とはいうものの，このような問題を解決して多くの乾燥製品が世に送り出されています．本書では，乾燥技術を要する各種分野において乾燥操作の使用事
例を集めました．乾燥する材料特有の問題をいかにして解決しているか，あるいは各種材料に対してどのような乾燥方式が採用されているかということを知ることができ，読者がかかえる問題において解決の糸口になれば幸いです．
最後になりましたが，ご多忙の中，本書にご寄稿いただきました執筆者の皆様に深く御礼申し上げます．
2013 年 1 月

立

元

雄

治・中

村

正

秋

目

次

第１章乾燥技術の現状と動向
１．乾燥機の分類 ························································· （立元雄治）

1

はじめに ····················································································

1

1．乾燥機の分類··········································································

1

2．乾燥過程(熱風乾燥)·································································

2

２．乾燥研究の現状 ······················································ （立元雄治）

5

はじめに ····················································································

5

1．乾燥技術専門誌(Drying Technology)から見た研究動向 ····················

6

2．特許から見た研究動向······························································

8

3．今後の研究動向·······································································

9

コラム１
第２章

乾燥技術の用語－含水率と含水比 ······················（中村正秋） 11
食品

３．糖質を利用した高品質乾燥食品の製造 ························ （山本修一） 14
はじめに ···················································································· 14
1．糖溶液の乾燥機構···································································· 14
2．酵素の乾燥における糖質の安定化効果········································· 16
3．食品微生物の乾燥における糖質の安定化効果································ 18
4．農産物の乾燥における糖による乾燥前処理効果····························· 19
5．おわりに················································································ 23
４．穀物(米･麦)の乾燥·················································· （造賀和成） 25
はじめに ···················································································· 25
1．穀物乾燥の目的······································································· 25
2．穀物は生きている···································································· 25
3．穀物乾燥機の発展···································································· 26
4．最新の循環型乾燥機································································· 28
5．共同乾燥調製施設における乾燥機··············································· 30

6．ラック乾燥システム································································· 32
7．おわりに················································································ 34
５．食品の赤外線乾燥 ··················································· （橋本篤） 35

1．食品の赤外線乾燥の特徴と現状·················································· 35
2．野菜モデル内における赤外線エネルギーの浸透性·························· 36
3．湿潤多孔質食品モデルの赤外線乾燥特性······································ 39
4．おわりに················································································ 41
６．食品の赤外線乾燥時の収縮 ······································· （橋本篤） 43

はじめに ···················································································· 43
1．収縮を伴う食品モデルの乾燥速度の推算······································ 43
2．ゲル状粉体層の幾何学的モデル·················································· 45
3．ゲル状粉体層モデルによる赤外線の吸収······································ 46
4．ゲル状粉体層モデルからの熱損失··············································· 47
5．乾燥速度の推算······································································· 48
6．おわりに················································································ 49
コラム２

遠赤外線って，何？－赤外線のいろいろ ············ （橋本コラム３

過熱水蒸気による乾燥と調理 ··························· （立元雄治） 53

第３章

篤） 50

医薬品

７．高分子 DDS 用ナノ粒子の粉末化················· （山本浩充・川島嘉明） 55
はじめに ···················································································· 55
1．薬物送達システム(DDS)··························································· 55
2．なぜ，粉末薬品を造粒するか····················································· 55
3．噴霧乾燥式流動層造粒······························································ 56
4．造粒物の制御·········································································· 57
5．コンポジット化とDDS······························································ 58
6．おわりに················································································ 59
８．ハーブ類の各種乾燥法による乾燥特性·········································· （蓑嶋裕典・内山智幸・尾谷賢） 60

はじめに ···················································································· 60
1．アオジソとハッカ···································································· 60
2．水分活性················································································ 61

3．乾燥法による乾燥速度の違い····················································· 61
4．精油成分の保持······································································· 62
5．乾燥品の色合い······································································· 64
6．乾燥品の外観·········································································· 65
7．まとめ··················································································· 66
９．振動流動層による溶剤の優先除去 ······························ （曽我和也） 68
はじめに ···················································································· 68
1．振動流動層の汎用性································································· 68
2．溶剤優先除去法······································································· 68
3．樹脂粉体からの溶剤優先除去····················································· 70
4．医薬品原料からの溶剤優先除去·················································· 71
5．おわりに················································································ 71
10．ろ過乾燥による医薬品原料の乾燥 ······························ （曽我和也） 73
はじめに ···················································································· 73
1．振動流動層とろ過乾燥の組合せ·················································· 73
2．ろ過乾燥機の工程···································································· 73
3．振動流動層ろ過乾燥機の特徴····················································· 73
4．おわりに－振動流動層ろ過乾燥機の実施例··································· 75
コラム４

振動流動層による粉粒体の流動化マップ ············ （曽我和也） 76

第４章自動車・電子部品
11．自動車部品の洗浄と乾燥 ·········································· （柳川敬太） 78
はじめに ···················································································· 78
1．自動車部品の洗浄···································································· 78
2．湿式洗浄の乾燥······································································· 80
3．環境に優しい洗浄乾燥技術························································ 82
4．水切り乾燥技術······································································· 83
5．おわりに················································································ 84
12．アルゴンによるウェーハの乾式洗浄法 ························ （小川彰一） 86
はじめに ···················································································· 86
1．アルゴンエアロゾル法の原理····················································· 86
2．洗浄メカニズム······································································· 88

3．洗浄試験················································································ 89
4．特徴および適用分野································································· 90
13．超臨界乾燥法による半導体デバイスの製造 ·················· （後藤元信） 92
はじめに ···················································································· 92
1．超臨界乾燥············································································· 92
2．半導体デバイスへ超臨界乾燥の応用············································ 94
第５章

無機化学物質14．重合トナーの乾燥技術 ······························ （中村正秋・立元雄治） 98
はじめに ···················································································· 98
1．重合トナーの製造法································································· 98
2．重合トナー乾燥時の留意点························································ 99
3．重合トナーに用いられる乾燥方式··············································· 100
4．むすび··················································································· 104
15．噴霧乾燥における顆粒粒子特性の制御 ························ （日高重助）106
はじめに ···················································································· 106
1．噴霧乾燥用スラリー································································· 106
2．乾燥顆粒の特性······································································· 108
16．エアロゲルと超臨界乾燥 ············ （種村榮・苗蕾・田尻耕治）113

1．エアロゲルと超臨界乾燥の概要···················································113
2．エアロゲル作製の歴史とその応用················································116
17．超臨界乾燥による無機酸化物エアロゲル材料·········································· （種村榮・苗蕾・田尻耕治）124

1．シリカエアロゲル···································································· 124
2．チタニアエアロゲル································································· 126
3．RF エアロゲルとカーボンエアロゲル ·········································· 129
18．陶磁器食器の製造 ··················································· （浅野寛芝）133
はじめに ···················································································· 133
1．製土······················································································ 134
2．成形······················································································ 136
3．乾燥······················································································ 138
4．焼成······················································································ 139

5．窯作業··················································································· 142
6．絵付け··················································································· 144
7．陶磁器製品に発生する欠点························································ 145
19．セラミックファイバー真空成形品の乾燥 ··· （鈴木秀尚・上道健太郎）147
はじめに ···················································································· 147
1．セラミックファイバーの製造方法··············································· 147
2．VFS の製造工程 ······································································ 149
3．VFS の乾燥工程 ······································································ 150
4．VFS の乾燥についての技術アプローチ ········································ 151
第６章

繊維・木・木製品

20．化学繊維工業における乾燥技術 ································· （大濱一郎）154
はじめに ···················································································· 154
1．ペレット乾燥での工夫······························································ 155
2．繊維製造工程での乾燥······························································ 160
3．まとめ··················································································· 163
21．漆の乾燥 ······························································· （星野章）164

はじめに－人と漆の関わり ···························································· 164
1．漆の産地················································································ 164
2．漆の製造················································································ 165
3．漆の成分················································································ 165
4．漆の使われ方·········································································· 166
5．漆の乾燥方法·········································································· 168
6．漆を使用した製品···································································· 171
22．接着剤の固化－瞬間接着剤はなぜ瞬間的に乾くのか－ ··· （木村馨）174

はじめに ···················································································· 174
1．接着とは何か·········································································· 174
2．接着剤の種類·········································································· 175
3．接着剤の固化·········································································· 176
4．瞬間接着剤············································································· 177
第７章

特殊な乾燥法23．減圧過熱水蒸気流動層乾燥法 ···································· （立元雄治）180
はじめに ···················································································· 180
1．減圧過熱水蒸気流動層乾燥法の概要············································ 180
2．減圧過熱水蒸気流動層乾燥の実施例(実験的検討)·························· 184
3．まとめ··················································································· 187
24．電子線照射技術の実例について ································· （畑宏則）189はじめに－電子線加速装置－ ························································· 189
1．電子線照射の特徴···································································· 189
2．EB 照射技術の応用 ·································································· 192
25．除湿乾燥装置 ························································· （岡野浩志）199
はじめに ···················································································· 199
1．建築物など大型構造物の除湿空気による乾燥································ 199
2．防錆を主目的とした除湿乾燥····················································· 201
3．カビ防止等を主目的とした除湿乾燥，乾燥保存，保管···················· 203
4．吸湿による品質劣化防止を主目的とした除湿乾燥·························· 203
5．結露による弊害対策を主目的とした除湿乾燥································ 205
6．製造ラインでの乾燥空気の用途·················································· 207
7．特殊な乾燥環境······································································· 210
8．乾燥空気による空調デシカント空調·············································211
コラム５
第８章

ハニカムロータ除湿機の原理と構造 ·················· （岡野浩志）216
資源・環境・省エネルギー対策

26．蓄熱・ヒートポンプによる省エネ乾燥 ························ （小倉裕直）221
はじめに ···················································································· 221
1．蓄熱およびヒートポンプによるエネルギー有効利用乾燥················· 221
2．蓄熱によるエネルギー有効利用乾燥············································ 222
3．ヒートポンプによるエネルギー有効利用乾燥································ 224
4．おわりに················································································ 228
27．ヒートポンプを活用したハイブリッド乾燥システム ······ （脇屋和紀）230
はじめに ···················································································· 230
1．従来の省エネルギー技術··························································· 230
2．ハイブリッド乾燥システムの特徴··············································· 233

3．実用例··················································································· 235
4．おわりに················································································ 236
28．廃溶剤中の残渣除去方法 ·········································· （小田昭昌）237
はじめに ···················································································· 237
1．背景······················································································ 237
2．真空ドラムドライヤー······························································ 238
3．まとめ··················································································· 243
29．低品位固体炭素資源の改質・脱水・乾燥技術························································· （小林信介・板谷義紀）244
はじめに ···················································································· 244
1．水熱処理技術について······························································ 245
2．木質バイオマスの脱水および改質··············································· 246
3．低品位石炭の脱水および改質····················································· 248
4．下水汚泥の脱水前処理······························································ 249
5．汚泥の堆肥化乾燥技術······························································ 249
6．まとめ··················································································· 251
30．RDF(廃棄物固形燃料)の乾燥 ···································· （藤間幸久）254
はじめに－わが国の一般可燃ゴミ固形化燃料 ···································· 254
1．RDF の製造方法と製造フローチャート ········································ 254
2．RDF 製造設備における乾燥設備 ················································· 256
3．共通······················································································ 259
コラム６付

微生物は乾燥に強い!? ································· （粟冠真紀子）261

録 ·························································································· 264
１ 乾燥装置一覧·········································································· 265
２ 赤外線乾燥文献一覧································································· 272

索

引 ·························································································· 278

執筆者一覧（項目順）
山本修一

山口大学大学院医学系研究科応用分子生命科学/工学部応用化学

造賀和成

株式会社サタケ 技術本部

橋本

篤

山本

浩充

愛知学院大学 薬学部 医療薬学科

川島嘉明

愛知学院大学 薬学部 医療薬学科

蓑嶋裕典

北海道立総合研究機構 産業技術研究本部 工業試験場

内山智幸

北海道立総合研究機構 産業技術研究本部 工業試験場

尾谷賢

北海道立総合研究機構 産業技術研究本部 工業試験場

曽我和也

中央化工機株式会社 試験室

柳川敬太

株式会社デンソー 生産技術開発部

小川彰一

小川技術士事務所

後藤

元信

名古屋大学大学院 工学研究科 化学・生物工学専攻

日高重助

同志社大学 理工学部 化学システム創成工学科

種村榮

名古屋工業大学 粉体工学プロジェクト研究所

苗蕾

中国科学院 広州エネルギー研究所

田尻耕治

産業技術総合研究所 サステナブルマテリアル研究部門

浅野寛芝

元株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド鈴木

三重大学大学院 生物資源学研究科 資源循環学専攻

秀尚

イソライト工業株式会社 中央研究所

上道健太郎

イソライト工業株式会社 中央研究所

大濱一郎

元東洋紡エンジニアリング株式会社

星野章

公益財団法人中部科学技術センター

木村馨

木村技術士事務所

畑宏則

株式会社アーテック 技術部

岡野浩志

株式会社西部技研 技術開発本部

小倉裕直

千葉大学大学院 工学研究科 建築・都市科学専攻

脇屋和紀

株式会社大川原製作所 開発本部

小田昭昌

日本リファイン株式会社 技術開発センター

板谷義紀

岐阜大学 工学部 機械システム工学科

小林信介

名古屋大学大学院 工学研究科 化学・生物工学専攻

藤間幸久

元名古屋大学大学院

粟冠真紀子

三重大学大学院 生物資源学研究科 資源循環学専攻

編者
立元

雄治

静岡大学 工学部 物質工学科

中村正秋

中村正秋技術事務所