International Workshop

Long-Period Ground Motion Simulation
and Velocity Structures
Proceedings

November 14~15, 2006
at Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan

Hosted by Strong Motion Seismology Group at ERI, Univ. Tokyo
Supported by SCEC-ERI Cooperation Program andGrant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No.18631006)

ScopeThe long-period component of seismic ground motion generated by earthquakes causes
damage in near-fault regions through source effects such as the directivity effect ofrupture propagation and the near-field term of body wave radiation. In addition, thelong-period ground motions attenuate slowly with distance due to some path effects,
and site effects amplify them in distant basins, so that they can carry destruction tomuch greater range.
Large-scale structures such as tall buildings and big tanks can resonate with thelong-period ground motions because their own natural periods are in the same
frequency band. They can even be damaging in some circumstances; the worst example
with over 20,000 fatalities in Mexico City at a distance of 400 km from the 1985
Michoacan earthquake. A further example was provided by the 2003 Tokachi-oki
earthquake in Hokkaido, Japan (Koketsu et al., Seism. Res. Lett., 76, 67-73, 2005).
Therefore, the simulation of long-period ground motion is one of the most importantparts of strong motion evaluation and prediction. The modeling of velocity structures
along propagation path and within sedimentary basins also plays an important role. We
would discuss these aspects of the long-period ground motion in the workshop. Topics
include numerical simulation, velocity structures, source effect, path and site effects,
damage and risk, and other related issues on the long-period ground motion.

Kazuki Koketsu, Takashi Furumura, and Hiroe Miyake
Strong Motion Seismology Group
Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyoi

Invited Overseas Speakers
Brad T. Aagaard
Thomas M. Brocher
Robert W. Graves
Kim B. Olsen
Arben Pitarka(U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, USA)
(U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, USA)(URS Corporation, Pasadena, USA)(San Diego State University, USA)(URS Corporation, Pasadena, USA)

Invited Domestic Speakers
Shin Aoi
Hiroyuki Fujiwara
Nobuo Fukuwa
Takashi Furumura
Ken Hatayama
Sadanori Higashi
Yoshiaki HisadaMuneo Hori
Yasushi Ikegami
Tomotaka Iwata
Katsuhiro Kamae
Haruko Sekiguchi
Hiroshi Takenaka(NIED)(NIED)(Nagoya Univ.)(ERI, Univ. Tokyo)(NRIFD)(CRIEPI)(Kogakuin Univ.)(ERI, Univ. Tokyo)(ERI, Univ. Tokyo)(DPRI, Kyoto Univ.)(RRI, Kyoto Univ.)(AIST)(Kyushu Univ.)

Invited Panelists
Kojiro Irikura
Hiroshi Kawase
Kazuki Koketsu
Kazuyoshi Kudo
Saburoh Midorikawa
Tsutomu SasataniPaul G. Somerville(Aichi Inst. Tech.)(Kyushu Univ.)(ERI, Univ. Tokyo)(TEPSCO / Nihon Univ.)(Tokyo Tech.)(Hokkaido Univ.)(URS Corporation, Pasadena, USA)ii

Program
November 14 (Tuesday)
12:30 - 13:00
13:00 - 13:15

Registration
OpeningLong-Period Ground Motion Simulation
13:15 - 13:40

Takashi Furumura and Toshihiko Hayakawa (ERI, Univ. Tokyo)
Developments of Long-Period Ground Motions in Central Tokyo fromLarge Nearby Earthquakes

13:40 - 14:05

Kim Olsen (San Diego State Univ.) and James Brune (Univ. Nevada)
Constraints from Precariously Balanced Rocks on Preferred Rupture
Directions for Large Earthquakes on the Southern San Andreas Fault

14:05 - 14:30

Shin Aoi (NIED), Ryou Honda (Hot Spring Res. Inst.),Nobuyuki Morikawa (NIED), Haruko Sekiguchi (AIST),
Yuzuru Hayakawa, and Hiroyuki Fujiwara (NIED)Long-Period Strong Motion Simulation for the 2003 Tokachi-Oki,
Japan, Earthquake (Mw 8.0)

14:30 - 15:00

Coffee Break

15:00 - 15:25

Yasushi Ikegami, Kazuki Koketsu, Takeshi Kimura, and Hiroe Miyake(ERI, Univ. Tokyo)
Finite-Element Simulation of Long-Period Ground Motions in
California and Japan

15:25 - 15:50

Brad Aagaard, Tom Brocher, and Mary Lou Zoback (USGS)
Ground Motion Modeling of the 1906 M7.9 San Francisco Earthquakeand Other Large Events on the Northern San Andreas fault

15:50 - 16:05

Breakiii

16:05 - 16:30

Haruko Sekiguchi, Masayuki Yoshimi, Haruo Horikawa,Kunikazu Yoshida, Sunao Kunimatsu, and Kenji Satake (AIST)
Ground Motion Prediction in Large Sedimentary Basins caused byGreat Interplate Earthquakes

16:30 - 16:55

Katsuhiro Kamae and Hidenori Kawabe (RRI, Kyoto Univ.)
Long Period Ground Motion Prediction in Osaka and Nagoya during
Hypothetical Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes- Are Tall Buildings in Mega-Cities Safe ?-16:55 - 17:20

Yoshiaki Hisada (Kogakuin Univ.)
An Efficient Method for Simulating Near-Fault Strong Motions atBroadband Frequencies in Layered Half-Spaces

18:00 - 21:00

Reception

November 15 (Wednesday)
Modeling of Velocity Structure
09:10 - 09:35

Hiroshi Takenaka (Kyushu Univ.) and Yushiro Fujii (BRI)
A Compact Representation of Spatio-Temporal Slip Distribution on aRupturing Fault: An Efficient Scheme for FDM Simulation of Seismic
Motion for a Large Earthquake

09:35 - 10:00

Arben Pitarka (URS Corp.)
Development of a 3D Velocity Model for the Puget Sound Region andits Validation Using Recorded Long Period Ground Motion

10:00 - 10:15

Coffee Break

10:15 - 10:40

Tomotaka Iwata (DPRI, Kyoto Univ.),
Takao Kagawa, Anatoly Petukhin, and Yoshihiro Onishi (GRI)
Basin and Crustal Structure Model in Kinki Area and Long-Period
Ground Motionsiv

10:40 - 11:05

Rob Graves (URS Corp.)
Testing the Frequency Limits of 3D Deterministic Waveform
Simulations

11:05 - 11:30

Sadanori Higashi and Hiroaki Sato (CRIEPI)Modeling of Kanto Basin Using Phase Velocity Inversion and H/VSpectral Ratio Fitting

11:30 - 13:00

Lunch

13:00 - 13:25

Hiroyuki Fujiwara and J-map Project (NIED)
Modeling of Velocity Structure of Whole of Japan for Strong Motion
Evaluation

13:25 - 13:50

Tom Brocher (USGS)Key Elements of Regional Seismic Velocity Models for Ground
Motion Simulations

13:50 - 14:00

Break

Application to Earthquake Engineering
14:00 - 14:25

Muneo Hori (ERI, Univ. Tokyo), Tsuyoshi Ichimura (Tokyo Tech.),and Kenji Oguni (ERI, Univ. Tokyo)
Integral Earthquake Simulation and its Application to Long-Period
Ground Motion Simulation

14:25 - 14:50

Ken Hatayama (National Res. Inst. Fire and Disaster)Long-Period Strong Ground Motion and Damage to Oil Storage Tanks
due to the 2003 Tokachi-Oki Earthquake

14:50 - 15:15

Nobuo Fukuwa and Jun Tobita (Nagoya Univ.)
Key Parameters Governing Dynamic Response of Long-PeriodStructures

15:15 - 15:30

Coffee Breakv

Panel Discussion
15:30 - 17:00

Kazuyoshi Kudo (TEPSCO / Nihon Univ.)
A Short Historical Sketch on the Studies/Topics and Some Current
Issues of the Long-Period Ground Motion
Tsutomu Sasatani (Hokkaido Univ.)
Long-Period Ground Motions from the 2003 Tokachi-oki Earthquake
Saburoh Midorikawa (Tokyo Tech.)
Effects of Long-Period Ground Motion to Super High-Rise Buildingsin Tokyo
Kojiro Irikura (Aichi Inst. Tech.)Some Problems for Strong Motion Prediction from Great
Subduction-Zone Earthquakes
Hiroshi Kawase (Kyushu Univ.)
Damage Estimate based on Predicted Strong Motions:
Activities in Architectural Institute of Japan
Paul Somerville (URS Corp.)
Long Period Ground Motions in the PEER-NGA Models
Kazuki Koketsu (ERI, Univ. Tokyo)
Long-Period Ground Motions in the Circum-Pacific Region

November 16 (Thursday)
Excursion to The Earth Simulator Center and KamakuraviProceedings
Developments of Long-Period Ground Motions in Central Tokyo fromLarge Nearby Earthquakes
Takashi Furumura and Toshihiko Hayakawa

1Constraints from Precariously Balanced Rocks on Preferred Rupture Directions
for Large Earthquakes on the Southern San Andreas Fault
Kim Olsen and James Brune

3Long-Period Strong Motion Simulation for the 2003 Tokachi-Oki, Japan,Earthquake (Mw 8.0)
Shin Aoi, Ryou Honda, Nobuyuki Morikawa, Haruko Sekiguchi,
Yuzuru Hayakawa, and Hiroyuki Fujiwara

7

Finite-Element Simulation of Long-Period Ground Motions
in California and Japan
Yasushi Ikegami, Kazuki Koketsu, Takeshi Kimura, and Hiroe Miyake

11Ground Motion Modeling of the 1906 M7.9 San Francisco Earthquake andOther Large Events on the Northern San Andreas fault
Brad Aagaard, Thomas Brocher, and Mary Lou Zoback

19

Ground Motion Prediction in Large Sedimentary Basins caused byGreat Interplate Earthquakes
Haruko Sekiguchi, Masayuki Yoshimi, Haruo Horikawa,
Kunikazu Yoshida, Sunao Kunimatsu, and Kenji Satake23

Long Period Ground Motion Prediction in Osaka and Nagoya
during Hypothetical Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes- Are Tall Buildings in Mega-Cities Safe ?Katsuhiro Kamae and Hidenori Kawabe

29vii

An Efficient Method for Simulating Near-Fault Strong Motionsat Broadband Frequencies in Layered Half-Spaces
Yoshiaki Hisada

31

A Compact Representation of Spatio-Temporal Slip Distribution
on a Rupturing Fault: An Efficient Scheme for FDM Simulation ofSeismic Motion for a Large Earthquake
Hiroshi Takenaka and Yushiro Fujii

33

Development of a 3D Velocity Model for the Puget Sound Region andits Validation Using Recorded Long Period Ground Motion
Arben Pitarka

37

Basin and Crustal Structure Model in Kinki Area andLong-Period Ground Motions
Tomotaka Iwata, Takao Kagawa, Anatoly Petukhin, and Yoshihiro Onishi

47

Testing the Frequency Limits of 3D Deterministic Waveform Simulations
Robert W. Graves

49

Modeling of Kanto Basin Using Phase Velocity Inversion andH/V Spectral Ratio Fitting
Sadanori Higashi and Hiroaki Sato57

Modeling of Velocity Structure of Whole of Japan for Strong Motion Evaluation
Hiroyuki Fujiwara and J-map Project63

Key Elements of Regional Seismic Velocity Models forGround Motion Simulations
Thomas M. Brocher

67

Integral Earthquake Simulation and its Application toLong-Period Ground Motion Simulation
Muneo Hori, Tsuyoshi Ichimura, and Kenji Oguni

71viiiLong-Period Strong Ground Motion and Damage to Oil Storage Tanks
due to the 2003 Tokachi-Oki Earthquake
Ken Hatayama

73

Key Parameters Governing Dynamic Response of Long-Period Structures
Nobuo Fukuwa and Jun Tobita

79Long-Period Ground Motions from the 2003 Tokachi-oki Earthquake
Tsutomu Sasatani and Takahiro Maeda

87

Effects of Long-Period Ground Motion to Super High-Rise Buildings in Tokyo
Saburoh Midorikawa

89

Damage Estimate based on Predicted Strong Motions forLarge Subduction-Zone Earthquakes
Seckin Ozgur Citak and Hiroshi Kawase

91

Long Period Ground Motions in the PEER-NGA Models
Paul G. Somerville97

A Short Historical Sketch on the Studies/Topics and Some Current
Issues of the Long-Period Ground Motion
Kazuyoshi Kudo
Simulation of Damaging Long-Period Ground Motions from Distant Earthquakes
Kazuki Koketsu, Takashi Furumura, and Hiroe Miyakeix