Industry 產業 141
報導Focus

Statistics and Analysis ofBrazilian Fastener Import
Origins in 2014by Gang Hao Chang, Fastener World Inc.

Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry, and Foreign Trade (MDIC) released in
the beginning of 2015 the full-year report of Brazilian goods trade for 2014. Statistics offasteners within HS code 7318 reveal that the primary fastener import origins of Brazil wereChina, EU, Taiwan, Japan, NAFTA (USA/Canada/Mexico), South Korea, Switzerland, Thailand,Turkey, Philippines, and Australia. The total fastener import value from these 11 origins in 2014
reached US$ 450,385,034, down 10.50% from US$ 503,273,047 in 2013. If calculated by weight,
the total fastener import volume from these origins dropped by 12.73% from 93,892,817 KG in 2013 to81,938,987 KG in 2014 (See table on p144). Considering the statistics as a whole, except for the positive
growth in certain fastener items imported from Taiwan, Turkey, Philippines, and Australia, all the other data
reveal a slip both in value and weight.
Brazil imported fasteners mainly from China, the EU, Taiwan, Japan, NAFTA, and South Korea. In terms of import volume, up
to 96.7% of Brazil´s fastener imports in 2014 were from these countries/regions, which even climbed to 97.2% in 2013. Such a
result reveals high dependence of Brazil on these countries for its fastener demand.

China (Incl. Hong Kong and Macau)
In 2014, Brazil imported 22,195,233 KG ofiron and steel screws, bolts, and pins (HS Code73181500) from China, a 20.85% decline from2013’s 28,041,093 KG. If calculated by value, thefigure dropped by 20.17% from US$ 83,563,705
in 2013 to US$ 66,709,616 in 2014. China dragsother countries behind by Brazil’s fastener import
volume. However, China usually produces standard
parts and its technical level of fastener production
is not as high as in Europe, USA, or Japan. Hence,
if calculated by value, the EU is the no. 1 origin ofBrazil’s fastener import.

The EU
US$ 153,165,466 of iron and steel screws, bolts,and pins (HS Code 73181500) were imported fromthe EU to Brazil in 2014, which shows a 14.16%
decline from US$ 178,435,638 in the corresponding
period in 2013. However, this result still greatly
outpaced the records of other countries. If
calculated by weight, the volume Brazil imported
from the EU during 2013-2014 was close to that ofBrazil imported from China in the same period.

TaiwanTaiwan ranked the 3rd place in Brazil’s fastener
import origins, and fasteners exported fromTaiwan to Brazil were mainly iron and steel drillingscrews (HS Code 73181400), iron and steel screws,
bolts, and pins (HS Code 73181500), and iron andsteel nuts (HS Code 73181600). In 2014, Brazil

文 / 惠達 張剛豪

巴西主要扣件進口來源統計及分析

巴西外貿、產業暨發展部(MDIC)2015年初公布2014年巴西各類
產品交易概況統計。針對海關編碼7318的扣件項目調查顯示，巴西主要扣件進口來源以中國、歐盟、台灣、日本、北美自由貿易區(美國、加拿大和墨西哥)、南韓、瑞士、泰國、土耳其、菲律賓及澳大利亞為大宗。上述11大進口來源在2014年的進口總額達到450,385,034美元，比2013年的503,273,047美元下滑10.50%。若以重量來計算，上述進口來源在2014年的進口總量達到81,938,987公斤，比2013年的93,892,817公斤下滑12.73%(見144頁)。整體來看，除了台灣、土耳其、菲律賓和澳大利亞在特定產品品項顯示正向發展外，其餘扣件項目
不管在進口值和進口重量上大多呈現下滑趨勢。
巴西主要扣件進口來源以中國、歐盟、台灣、日本、北美自由貿易區
和南韓為主。以重量來看，巴西在2014年有96.7%的扣件都來自這些
國家或區域。若以2013年的數據來看，更高達97.2%。顯示巴西在扣
件需求上，對這些國家區域的倚賴程度相當高。

中國大陸(含港澳)2 014 年巴西自中國大 陸 (含 港 澳 ) 共 進口2 2 ,195, 2 3 3 公斤 的 鋼 鐵 螺 絲、螺 栓 和 銷 ( 海 關 編 碼7 318 15 0 0 )比 2 0 13 年
的2 8,0 41,09 3 公斤下降2 0.8 5%。以金額 算，則從2 013 年的83,563,705美元下降20.17%來到66,709,616美元。中國大陸在重量上將其他國家拋諸腦後，但由於生產扣件多為一般件，技術水平不如歐美日等已開發國家廠商高，因此若以金額來看，歐
盟在巴西進口扣件上仍獨佔鰲頭。

142Industry 產業
報導Focusimported 14,363,442 KG (a drop from14,866,540 KG in 2013) of these three
items from Taiwan. If calculated byvalue, in 2014 Brazil imported US$
44,824,671 of fasteners from Taiwan,a slight increase over 2013. Notably
there was a surge in the import valueof iron and steel nuts (+40.93%) as
well as a small amount of increase inweight (+8.25%), which might resulted
from Taiwanese nut manufacturers’
eagerness to increase the added
value of products in recent years ormight have been influenced by Brazil’s
growing demand for automotivenuts. (According to a report fromOICA, registrations and sales of newvehicles in Brazil during 2005 and2012 continued to rise and the sales inBrazil these years outpaced those ofother Latin American countries).

JapanFasteners Brazil imported fromJapan were mainly iron and steelscrews, bolts, and pins (within HSCode 73181500) and iron and steelnuts (HS Code 73181600). 6,695,881
KG of iron and steel screws, bolts,and pins (in US$ 50,144,033) and
2,003,023 KG of iron and steel nuts (inUS$ 20,830,736) were imported fromJapan to Brazil in 2014. The scale ofJapan’s fastener exports to Brazil
was roughly 3/5 of Taiwan’s fastenerexports to the same destination.
Compared with the corresponding
period of 2013, the range of decline
in both the value and weight Japan
exported to Brazil was 8.68-14.97%,
quite similar to the situations of theEU and South Korea.

歐盟巴西2014年自歐盟區進口
153,165,466美元的鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷(海關編碼73181500)，與2013年同期
紀錄178,435,638美元衰退14.16%，但仍大幅超越其他各國。若以重量來看，巴西在2013年和2014年自歐盟和中國大陸進口的扣件重量則相當接近。

台灣台灣在巴西扣件進口來源居於第三位，主要品項為鋼鐵自攻螺絲(海關編碼73181400)、鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷(海關編碼73181500)和鋼鐵螺帽(海關編碼73181600)。2014年這三種品項進口至巴西的重量達
14,363,442公斤(與2013年的14,866,540公斤相比同樣呈現下降趨勢)。若
以金額計算，2014年巴西自台灣進口44,824,671美元，比2013年同期略為上升。值得注意的是，巴西自台灣進口的鋼鐵螺帽若以進口額來看大
幅上升40.93%，以重量來看也小幅上升8.25%，這可能與近年來台灣螺帽廠商積極尋求產品高值化的趨勢有關，也可能受到巴西近幾年對汽車
螺帽需求增加影響(根據國際汽車製造商協會統計報告顯示，巴西新車
銷售和掛牌率自2005~2012年期間持續上升，銷售量居中南美洲國家之冠。)

日本
巴西主要自日本進口鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷(海關編碼73181500)和鋼鐵螺帽(海關編碼73181600)。2014年共進口6,695,881公斤鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷(以金額算達50,144,033美元)和2,003,023公斤鋼鐵螺帽(以金額算達20,830,736美元)。出口至巴西規模約為台灣的3/5。與2013年同期

NAFTA
NAFTA is composed of USA,Canada, and Mexico. In 2014, Brazil
imported 7,756,608 KG of iron andsteel screws, bolts, and pins (HSCode 73181500) from this region,a minor drop of 1.90% from 2013’s
7,907,008 KG. However, if calculated
by value, in the same year Brazil
imported US$ 74,591,801 of fasteners
from that region, up 2.35% from thesame period of 2013. The figures for
Brazil’s fastener imports from thisregion were close to those of Japanranked the 4th place.

South Korea
In terms of the value or weight for
Brazil’s fastener imports from SouthKorea, it shows a long way for South
Korea to compete with other countries
or regions in the lead. Nevertheless,it still defeated Switzerland, Thailand,Turkey, Philippines, and Australia bysubstantial margins. Brazil imported
4,220,020 KG of iron and steel screws,bolts, and pins (HS Code 73181500)
from South Korea in 2014, slipping
13.30% from 4,867,119 KG of 2013.
If calculated by value, it dropped by
10.96% from US$ 22,065,368 in 2013
to US$ 19,646,795 in 2014. The volume
Brazil imported from South Korea
was about 4 times that figure from
Switzerland and was 3 times more if
calculated by value.

Switzerland
Switzerland is not a memberof the EU. A great number ofleading fastener manufacturers
and distributors have settled inthat country. The value and weightfor Brazil’s fastener imports from
Switzerland were quite similar to
those from Thailand. In 2014, Brazil
imported 1,069,056 KG of iron andsteel screws, bolts, and pins (HSCode 73181500) from Switzerland,
down 16.84% over the year 2013. If
calculated by value, the import fromthis country reached US$7,786,594,
down 10.34% from the same period of2013.

Industry 產業 143
報導FocusThailandFastener production in Thailand
mostly focuses on standard parts, whichbasically do not have high added value.
In 2014, Brazil imported 1,034,309 KGof iron and steel screws, bolts, and pins(HS Code 73181500) from Thailand, aslight growth over the year 2013 (+2.8%).
If calculated by value, the year-on-year
ratio would be minus 11.26%.

TurkeyBrazil mainly imported iron andsteel screws, bolts, and pins (HS Code73181500) and iron and steel washers(HS Code 73182200) from Turkey. The
total weight of fasteners exported
from Turkey to Brazil amounted toroughly 1/3 of that volume exported
from Switzerland or Thailand. Although
the total value or weight of Brazil’s
fastener imports from Turkey in 2014
represented only a small proportion
among the other competitors, there
was still a 30-40% increase in value andweight.

Recap
According to Brazilian Fastener
Association, approximately 300 fastenercompanies are located in the state of São
Paulo and most of them operate on arather small business scale. As a result,most of the fastener demands in the
country have to be satisfied via imports
from large fastener manufacturing
heartlands such as China, the EU,
Taiwan, etc. Although there seems to
be a great demand for fasteners in the
country, Brazil’s fastener procurementsfrom other countries in 2014 were inrecessions. Such an outcome might berelevant to the stringent regulations
Brazilian government put into force
in recent years. The market scaleof Brazil in Latin America definitely
cannot be neglected. Provided that
fastener manufacturers try to fully
understand regulations and establish
smooth cooperative networks with local
importers/exporter, it won’t be difficult
for them to tap into the country.

相比，日本不管在進口額與重量方面下滑約8.68~14.97%。下滑幅度與歐盟和南韓差不多。

北美自由貿易區該區由美國、加拿大和墨西哥組成。2014年巴西自該區進口7,756,608
公斤鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷(海關編碼73181500)，基本上與2013年同期的
7,907,008公斤只小幅下降1.90%。不過若以金額計算，2014年巴西自該區進
口74,591,801美元，比2013年同期卻上升2.35%。巴西自該區進口的扣件產
品在金額和重量上與排名第四位的日本相當接近。

南韓
南韓在巴西扣件進口金額或重量上雖然與前述國家和區域仍有一段
差距，但若與瑞士、泰國、土耳其、菲律賓或澳大利亞相較則呈現大幅領先地位。2014年巴西自南韓進口4,220,020公斤鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷(海關編碼73181500)，比2013年同期的4,867,119公斤下滑13.30%。以金額算，則從
2013年的22,065,368美元下滑10.96%至19,646,795美元。進口重量約為瑞士
的4倍，若以金額算則為瑞士的3倍。

瑞士
瑞士雖然非歐盟成員國，卻有許多具市場領導地位的扣件製造商和批發商設點。巴西自瑞士進口的扣件金額和重量與泰國相當類似。2014年巴西自瑞士進口1,069,056公斤鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷(海關編碼73181500)，比2013
年同期下滑16.84%。以金額計算，2014共進口7,786,594美元，比2013年同期下滑10.34%。

泰國
泰國在產品品項上同樣以標準品為主，產品高值化程度不高。2014年
巴西自泰國進口1,034,309公斤鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷(海關編碼73181500)，比2013年略為上升2.8%。儘管如此，若以金額計算，年比大幅下滑11.26%。

土耳其巴西主要自土耳其進口鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷(海關編碼73181500)和鋼鐵墊片(海關編碼73182200)。出口至巴西的重量約為瑞士或泰國的1/3。巴西2014年自土耳其進口鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓和銷的部分，儘管量不多，但在金額
和重量上都大幅提升約30~40%。

結論據巴西扣件協會資料顯示，巴西螺絲生產重鎮聖保羅僅有約300多家螺絲相關廠商，扣件產業規模較小，因此多數扣件需求仍須仰賴中國、歐
盟、台灣等扣件生產國。儘管扣件需求龐大，但從巴西扣件採購金額和重
量上在2014年多數呈現萎縮現象來看，應該與近幾年巴西政府對產品輸入
巴西的法規日趨嚴格有關。但若以市場規模來看，巴西在中南美洲的領導地位仍不可小覷，對於扣件生產商來說，只要充分了解和熟悉法
規並與當地進出口商建立良好的合作關係，打入該國市場並非難事。

Industry 產業
報導Focus144Rank
排名(2014進口量)Country/Region
國家/區域

2014巴西主要扣件進口來源Brazilian Fastener Import from Primary Origins in 2014
HSCode海關編碼Description
品項

2014年

Value(US$ FOB)
進口值(美元離岸價)12345

China (Incl.
Hong Kong and73181500
Macau 中國大陸
(含港澳)Weight(KG)
進口重量(公斤)

Value(US$ FOB)進口值
美元離岸價)

Iron and steel screws,
bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

66,709,616

73181500

Iron and steel screws,
bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

153,165,466

73181400

Iron and steel drillingscrews
鋼鐵自鑽螺絲

11,425,474

5,005,627

13,325,261

73181500

Iron and steel screws,
bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

20,573,487

6,814,876

73181600

Iron and steel nuts
鋼鐵螺帽

12,825,710

73181500

Iron and steel screws,
bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

73181600
NAFTA (USA,Canada,73181500
Mexico)
北美自由貿易區(美/加/墨)EU 歐盟

Taiwan 台灣

Japan 日本

YoY Ratio(2014/2013)
前年比

2013年

83,563,705

Weight(KG)
進口重量(公斤)% in Value % in KG
以金額算 以公斤算-20.17-20.85-14.16-14.055,801,772-14.26-13.72

20,613,967

6,715,586

-0.20

1.48

2,542,939

9,100,571

2,349,182

40.93

8.25

50,144,033

6,695,881

58,283,079

7,450,960-13.96-10.13Iron and steel nuts
鋼鐵螺帽

20,830,736

2,003,023

22,811,099

2,355,570-8.68-14.97Iron and steel screws,
bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

74,591,801

7,756,608

72,880,501

7,907,008

2.35

-1.90

22,195,233

22,159,175

178,435,638

28,041,093

25,781,381

6South Korea
南韓73181500

Iron and steel screws,bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

19,646,795

4,220,020

22,065,368

4,867,119-10.96-13.30

7

Switzerland
瑞士73181500

Iron and steel screws,bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

7,786,594

1,069,056

8,684,872

1,285,604-10.34-16.848

Thailand 泰國

73181500

Iron and steel screws,
bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

7,645,993

1,034,309

8,615,736

1,006,161-11.262.8073181500

Iron and steel screws,bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

1,912,739

319,946

1,356,048

241,389

41.05

32.54

73182200

Iron and steel washers
鋼鐵墊圈

2,476,751

44,6902,975,322

45,474-16.76-1.72

9

Turkey 土耳其10

Philippines菲律賓73181500

Iron and steel screws,bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

308,266

72,690242,419

25,42427.16

185.91

11Australia澳大利亞73181500

Iron and steel screws,
bolts, pins
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓及銷

341,573

4,914

319,461

19,094

6.92-74.26450,385,034 81,938,987 503,273,047 93,892,817-10.50-12.73

Total 總計

Source: Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry, and Foreign Trade

資料來源:巴西外貿、產業暨發展部