The mechanism by which AQB implant becomes your own tooth
Crystal growth of recrystallized hydroxyapatite (HA) occurs in an orderedunidirectional manner, taking up acicular hexagonal cylinder form. This creates asuitable state of epitaxy whereby the collagen fibers align itself with the HA crystals.

Acicular hydroxyapatite
Microcrystals are createdwith patented technology

Regular hydroxyapatite coating(SEM Image)

Recrystallized hydroxyapatite coating(SEM Image)① The microcrystals located on the acicular tips of the recrystallized hydroxyapatite aresolubilized by the acid and oxygen species secreted by the osteoclast and are absorbed
into it (Osteoclasts can only dissolve and absorb the microcrystals)
Recrystallized
Hydroxyapatite

Acicular crystals creates theoptimum environment forfunctions of osteoclast
Implant
Body

Approx. 5μm

Cells are attracted by weakintermolecular interactions

Osteoclast (approx.100μm)
Differentiated fromhematopoietic stem cells

Recrystallized HA is stableand unlikely to elute out. Thiseffectively maintains theoptimum pH for functioning ofthe cells (pH7.4) .
(Schematic Diagram)

The composition of hydroxyapatite lies closely tothat of the biological bone (Ca:P=1.67:1). The
osteoclast dissolves and absorbs this, leading toinitiation of the bone formation with osteoblast

② New bone generation is induced by the accumulation of osteoblasts to the hydroxyapatite
surface solubilized and absorbed by osteoblasts.
Hydroxyapatite are deposited to the collagen produced by osteoblasts. Osteoblasts also have a rolein secreting osteoproteins such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein.

Hydroxyapatite molecule isdeposited to the recrystallizedhydroxyapatite surface wherecollagens and other osteoproteins
are secreted

Hydroxyapatite crystal formationis accelerated by creating anenvironment supersaturated withhydroxyapatite

Osteoblasts are drawn to the surface, inducing
osteogenesis. (This is a special characteristic of
AQB Implants. Osteogenesis only occurs from theside of the jaw bone with other implants)
Hydroxyapatite(Newly generated crystals)(Approx. 0.002μm)

Osteoblasts(Approx. 30μm)

Hydroxyapatite（Molecule）(Approx. 0.0005μm)

Osteopontin(Approx. 0.005μm)
Bone sialoprotein (BSP)(Approx. 0.005μm)

Recrystallized HA is stable andunlikely to elute out. Thiseffectively maintains the optimum
pH for functioning of the cells(pH7.4) .
(Schematic Diagram)

Osteocalcin(Approx. 0.005μm)
Type 1 collagen(Approx. 0.0015μm
thickness and approx.
0.3μm in length)③ AQB implant becomes integrated as one’s tooth by the generation of bone from both implantside and the jaw bone
Recrystallized HA

Chemical interaction betweenhydroxyapatite and collagen

Hydroxyapatite(Newly generated crystals)(Approx. 0.002μm)
Hydroxyapatite（Molecule）(Approx. 0.0005μm)
Osteopontin(Approx. 0.005μm)

collagenImplant
Body

Jaw
BoneHA

Bone sialoprotein (BSP)(Approx. 0.005μm)
Osteocalcin(Approx. 0.005μm)
collagenType 1 collagen(Approx. 0.0015μm
thickness and approx.
0.3μm in length)

HA

Bonds chemically with the bone
Generation of neonatal bonefrom the implant side
(Schematic Diagram)

Integration

Generation of neonatal bonefrom the side of jaw bone
Titanium remains as a foreign object to the body,and it cannot be integrated.

AQB Implant
Living Implant(Coated with recrystallized HA)

Standard titanium implantForeign implant(Schematic Diagram)

Recrystallized
HATitanium
Implant

Jaw
BoneImplant
Body

Jaw
BoneIntegration
Generation of neonatal bonefrom the side of jaw bone

Generation of neonatalbone from the implant side

Generation of neonatal bonefrom the side of jaw bone

Neonatal bone cannot begenerated from the implant side
1. Titanium is not bioactive, therefore neonatal bone cannot
be generated from side of the implant.

1. Neonatal bone is generated from both the implant side andthe side of the jaw bone.

2. The titanium implant can physically bind with the jaw bone,
but chemical bonding cannot be formed.

2. The generated neonatal bone from the two sides chemicallybind to each other with hydrogen bonding.

3. Titanium surface is prone to biological aging.
Ogawa T., Quintessence DENTAL Implantology
Ogawa T., The Quintessence. Vol. 28 No. 7 / 2009-1487
Ogawa T., The Quintessence. Vol. 28 No. 9 / 2009-1927

3. Recrystallized hydroxyapatite is thought to be integrated withthe body via hydrogen bonding.

Histological image of the tissues surrounding the implant body (A week after the insertion)
The bone proteins that are induced in turn attract theosteoblasts, forming a thin layer of neonatal bone.
This becomes incorporated with the existing jaw bone.

Implant Body

Neonatal bone grows from the existing bone
towards the implant body.

The relationship between period of AQB implantation and the pull-out strength

Pull-out strength (Mpa)

6

Crown can be placed
after a month (4 weeks)of implantation

543210012

3

4

Period after implantation (weeks)
The increased pull-out strength indicates a stronger chemical interaction. The chemicalinteraction between the AQB implant and the body involves hydrogen bonding.
Above data shows the process of AQB Implant integrating into the body, becoming one’s
own tooth.

The histological finding of AQB Implant surface after insertion (A month after implantation)
Conformation of AQB screw

Jaw Bone

Neonatal bone is generated
from the jaw bone towards
the implant body.

Implant
Body

Neonatalbone

Schematic diagram showing the portion of the neonatal bone:

Neonatal bone from the side of thejaw bone

A thin layer of neonatal bone iscreated by osteoblasts
induced, which is attracted by
the presence of bone proteins.
This layer grows towards thejaw bone.

The implant body becomesintegrated with the bodychemically and biologicallyafter a month (1M)
⇒ Ready for crown placement

Neonatal bone from the implant sideStandard HA coating(SEM Image)

Recrystallized HA coating(SEM Image)
Acicular, hexagonal hydroxyapatite
microcrystals are produced

1.

Acicular microcrystals is absent

1.

Acicular microcrsyals are present

2.

Hexagonal microcrystals is absent

2.

Hexagonal microcrystals are present

3.

Not disposed to electrical interaction

3.

Can form weak covalent bonding

4.

Cannot attract cells

4.

Can act as a scaffold for cells

5.

Not an ideal environment for osteoclast functions:

5.

Provides an ideal environment for osteoclast

solubilization and absorption

activity: solubilization and absorption

6.

Rarely induce bone proteins or osteoblasts

6.

Actively induce bone proteins and osteoclasts

7.

Cannot be integrated into the jaw bone

7.

Integrates with the jaw bone

Does not play an active role in bone formation

Plays an active role in bone formation