Japan is moving forward
to large-scale CCS demonstrations

Masanori Abe
Japan CCS Co., Ltd. (JCCS)CCS Technical Workshop 2010
9 December 2010

Contents

1. Progress update
2. Project update
3. Monitoring issues
4. Summary11. Progress update

CCS is a key technology (1)IEA, Technology Roadmap Carbon Capture and Storage (2009)2

1. Progress update

CCS is a key technology (2)IEA, Technology Roadmap Carbon Capture and Storage (2009)3

1. Progress update

Copenhagen Accord

4¾ Taken by the Conference of Parties of UNFCCC of
December 18, 2009
¾ Agree that deep cuts in global emissions are requiredso as to hold the increase in global temperature below
2 OC, and take action to meet this objective

Including countries’ commitments
under Copenhagen Accord
Source: World Energy Outlook 2010, IEA

World Energy Outlook 2010 by IEA¾ New Policies Scenario-Implementation of the policy commitments and plansannounced by countries including Copenhagen Accord-Increase of the world energy demand 1.2% per year
between 2008 and 2035
-Concentration of GHG: 650 ppm-Long term pletemperature rise: 3.5 OC¾ 450ppm Scenario-Long term temperature rise: 2.0OC-Increase of the world energy demand 0.7% per year
between 2008 and 2035
-Require far –reaching transformation of the global
energy system and $13.5 trillion more than in the New
Policies Scenario

1. Progress update5World Energy Outlook 2010 by IEA

Source: World Energy Outlook 2010, IEA¾“In Japan, CCS becomes much more important, accounting forsome 75 Mt CO2, or nearly a quarter, of abatement in 2035.”

1. Progress update

6

G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit Leaders Declaration
8 July 2008•

We will establish an international initiative withthe support of the IEA to develop roadmaps forinnovative technologies and cooperate upon
existing and new partnerships, including carbon
capture and storage (CCS) and advanced energy
technologies.

•

We strongly support the launching of 20 largescale CCS demonstration projects globally by
2010, taking into account various national
circumstances, with a view to beginning broad
deployment of CCS by 2020.

1. Progress update

7

CCS Projects Status

by IEA/CSLF/GCCSI to the Muskoka 2010 G8 Summit
1.

2.
3.

8

By April 2010, active collaboration between government and industry has led
to:-80 large-scale integrated projects at various stages-9 operating large-scale projects and 2 projects under construction-Over US$26 billion world-wide in proposed government support for large-scale
CCS projects.
All nine operating projects and the two under construction have linkages to theoil and gas sector.
The Gorgon Project in Australia has received a green classification for allseven G8 criteria.

Outline of the Criteria for the large-scale CCS demonstration projects
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Large enough to demonstrate the technical and operational viability-1 Mtpa for coal-fired power station-0.5Mtpa for gas-fired power station, an industrial or natural gas processing
Full integration of CO2 capture, transport and storage
Begin full-scale operation before 2020
Identification of storage site
-Identification of primary site with site characterization underway-Identification of preferred CO2 transport route
Providing a monitoring, measurement and verification plan
Appropriate strategies to engage the public
Adequate funding to advance the project operation

1. Progress updateNew Strategic Energy Plan¾¾

9Enacted in 2003, revised in 2007 and 2010 by Japanese
Government
Show the direction of the country’s energy policy by thegovernment based on the 3E principles, Energy security,
Environment, and Economy

Placement of CCS¾ It is important to efficient and stable energy supply
consisting with the countermeasures of climate change, andthe utilization of non-fossil fuel energies, such as nuclear
power and renewable energy, should be promoted. Fromthe viewpoint of supply capability, economy, andconvenience, the utilization of fossil fuel will be stillrequired. It is necessary to use fossil fuel efficiently andenvironmentally, therefore, the development of innovativetechnologies, such as CCS, is indispensable.
1. Progress update

Who is Japan CCS?

10

Name:
JAPAN CCS Co., Ltd.
Date of Incorporation:
May 26, 2008
Business Description:
A comprehensive investigation for Carbondioxide Capture and Storage Projects in Japan
Capital:
243 mm yen (ca. US$2.3mm)
Shareholders: 36 companies
11 electric power, 4 petroleum, 5 engineering, 4petroleum resource developing, 4 general
trading, 2 iron and steel, 2 city gas, 1 chemical,
1 non-ferrous metal and cement, 1 steel pipe, 1
special trading
President:
Shoichi Ishii, Managing Director forJapan Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd. (JAPEX)
Directors:
8 representing the shareholders’ industries
Auditor:Takashi Honjo, RITE
No of Staff:
ca. 702. Project update

10Organization of JCCS

Board

President

11

Strategic CCS
Promotion Dept

Planning, public relations,public outreachTechnology & Planning
Dept

Technical coordination,technical committee,
environmental surveys, sitecharacterization

Safety Management
Dept

HSE, regulations,permissions

Technical Dept I

Nakoso-Iwaki oki
demonstration

Technical Dept II

Tomakomai and Kitakyushu
demonstrations

Administration Dept

Personnel, accounting,contract, procurement

Tomakomai Office

Local relations

Technical Committee

2. Project update

List of Shareholders
Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc.
Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc.
The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc.
Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc.
Hokuriku Electric Power Co., Inc.
The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.
The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc.
Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc.
Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc.
The Okinawa Electric Power Co., Ltd.
Electric Power Development Co., Ltd.
COSMO OIL CO., LTD.
Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
Japan Energy Corporation
JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corporation
Showa Shell Sekiyu K. K.
Chiyoda CorporationJGC Corporation
JFE Engineering Corporation

12

Nippon Steel Engineering Co., Ltd.
Toyo Engineering Corporation
Arabian Oil Company Ltd.
INPEX CORPORATION
Japan Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd.
Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., LTD.
JFE Steel Corporation
Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.
Tenaris NKK Tubes
ITOCHU Corporation
Marubeni Corporation
Mitsubishi Corporation
Sumitomo Corporation
Marubeni-Itochu Steel Inc.
Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.
Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.
MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL CO., INC.
Mitsubishi Materials Corporation
12

2. Project update

13

PROJECT FRAMEWORK- FUNCTIONS OF JCCS Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
Commission

Researchorganizations,domestic andoverseas

Universities

NEDO*
Commission

Technical
cooperation

JAPAN CCS Co., Ltd.

Investment

Companies
Personnel

Cooperative
Research

Subcontract
Execution

CCS relating companies, domestic andoverseas
Execution

Investigation and relating works for CCS demonstration*New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
2. Project update

CCS Demonstration Project Phase
Fiscal Year
2008

09

10

Investigation Phase

11

12 Demonstration Phase

METI
Development of Assessment Technologies
Subsidized
and Site Screening for Large-scale CCS Demonstrations
Project

METI Commissioned Project“Demonstration of CO2 Reduction Technology”

NEDO Commissioned Project
Feasibility Study – CCS Total System
CO2 capture at IGCC and store at an offshore depleted gas field
2. Project update

Today *Fiscal Year : April - March

14

15

METI Subsidized Project in FY 2008

WORK FLOW
WORK

Supporting Work
Marine Environmental Investigation
Basic Research for Leakage Risk
Analysis

Site Evaluation

Economic Effect Analysis

SITE

115

7

4

WORK

Integrated
Evaluations
Screening

PRODUCTS

Potential

2. Project update

Screening Benchmark
MethodIssuesEngineering(15 Models)

Designs

Fault
Assessment

Fault
Assessment
Model
Fault
Assessment- Demonstration
Models and Plans- Well Completion
Study- CO2 Simulation
Study- Monitoring
Techniques

CCS Demonstration Models
METI Subsidized Project in FY 2008

15 models of CCS total systems
for engineering and reservoir study
Source
IGCC
Coal
PulverizedPower Plants
Oil refineries
Chemical
PlantsGas Field
Paper Mill
Plant
Cement Plant
Ironworks

2. Project update

CaptureTransport

PhysicalAbsorption

Land
Pipeline(gas)

ChemicalAbsorption

Offshore
Pipeline(gas)

Injection

Store

ERD
(Extended
Reach
Drilling) Well

Depleted Gas
Field

Directional
Drilling Well

Lorry(liquid)

SubseaCompletion

Ship (liquid)

Platform

Aquifer withclosureNeogeneaquifer
without
closurePalaeogene
aquifer
without
closure16

Candidate sites for CCS demonstrations
JCCS is conducting surveys and studies on three candidate sites for
CCS demonstrations

Candidate
Sites

Reservoir Types

CO2
SourceTransportation

Current status

Iwaki-oki

Depleted gas
reservoir

IGCC

Offshorepipeline

1) Geological modeling andsimulation

Tomakomai

Saline aquifer withclosurePlantsSaline aquifer without
closure (Neogene)

Kitakyushu

2. Project update

Saline aquifer without
closure (Palaeogene)1) Seismic survey
Onshore2) Survey well
pipeline and3) Geological modeling andtank trucks
simulation
Preliminary survey well17

Rules and Regulations for CCS Demonstrations

18- in terms for site characterization Law relating to the Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime Disaster (amended May,
2007) and its guidelines
Geological assessment should be made in the following items; available data volume, seal
efficiency of caprock, active fault, future behavior of stored CO2 , storage security in termsof reservoir depth and multi‐layered caprock, etc.
For safe operation of a CCS demonstration project(operational guidelines set forth by METI in August, 2009 and to be modified)
1. Things to be assessed for CO2 storage from geological aspects
1‐1 Formulation of hydrogeological and geological structure model(1) Formulation of regional (conceptual) model(2) Formulation of detailed (numerical simulation) model
1‐2 Things to be assessed to perform large‐scale demonstration project(1) Confirmation of the existence of reservoir and cap rock(2) Setting of adequate CO2 injection plan (injection rate and amount)(3) Sealing property of cap rock(4) Seismic activities occurred in the past in the vicinity of CO2 injection site
1‐3 Data to be acquired, acquisition methods, and time‐frame for acquisition(1) Data to be acquired before drilling the exploration well(2) Data to be acquired before CO2 injection
2. Project update

Offshore pipeline route survey
at Iwaki-oki candidate site
PurposeAcquire basic marine data to select the route of and to design an offshore pipeline from
Nakoso to Iwaki-oki depleted gas fieldIwaki-oki

Depleted Gas Field

Area- 80 km x 400 m
Items- sea bottom condition- depth- sea bed geology
TermJuly – August 2009

Nakoso
IGCC Demo Plant

TOKYO
2. Project update

From HP of Clean Coal Power R & D Co., Ltd.
http://www.ccpower.co.jp/topics/sekitan̲02.pdf

19

20

Assumed Flow at Tomakomai Site
One Example
CaptureTransport

Source<<NEW>><<NEW>>

Plant 1CO2 Capture

Injection

Store

Injection

Land Pipeline
250,000t/yr(SC-CO2)

Separate/Compress

200,000t/yr(Gas CO2)

Compress
Injection Well

Compress/Heat

Source<<NEW>>

Plant 2CO2 Capture

Liquefied
Tank Lorry

Aquifer

Compress/Cool

Hokkaido Is.
Liq. CO2

50,000t/yr(Liq.CO2)

2. Project update

TomakomaiTOKYO

Schematic cross section at Tomakomai
candidate site
Landward

21

Seaward0m

Injection Well
1,000mMoebetsu Fm
Aquifer w/o closure

Nina Fm
2,000mBiratori, Karumai, & Fureoi Fms

Aquifer w/ closure

Target reservoir
Takinoue Fm
2. Project update

Volcanics, thickness 500m+

3,000mField Location Map
Tomakomai candidate site

Survey Well

3D (2009)

3D (2010)

2. Project update

ＪＣＣＳの事業概要

23

Shallow Marine 3D Seismic Survey
Ocean Bottom Cable System

Watch Boat

Shooting
Boat

Observation
Boat

1000m+

Cable Length about 3 km

2. Project update

3D Seismic Survey in 200924

Shooting Vessel
Bubbles

Speed: ca. 6km/h
Shot: 25m interval (ca.15sec interval)

Water Depth of air‐gun is about 10m

Shooting on 22 Oct. 2009
2. Project update24Drilling Rig for Tomakomai Survy Well

25

Name: 1320-M(owned by SKE)
Height: 48.8m
Max. Drilling Depth:
6100m (vertical well)

2. Project update

Boring Survey at Kitakyushu Candidate Site

26

Objective is to evaluate geological potential of Palaeogene formations at
Kitakyushu candidate site●

Drilling Rig

SpindleBOP

Kitakyushu

TOKYO

2. Project update

Core and Coring Bit

27

Well Specs at Kitakyushu Site

Coal

Palaeogene

・PTD：1,300m（to see Cretaceous）
・Well Type: Vertical Well
・Drilling System: Spindle
・Final Diameter：HQ（Φ98mm）
・Coring: 300‐1300m Continuous
・Completion: To be P&A after testing（Bore hole will be anti‐CO2
cemented for future storage）
・Term：June – November 2010

Sh
Sst & Cgl

Cretaceous
2. Project update

Monitoring 1/2
Purpose :Guideline “for safe operation of a CCS demonstration project” (METI, 2009)
The monitoring items aim to;
1. monitor the behavior of the injected CO2 (to confirm that the CO2 is
injected and stored securely and stably as it was originally planned),
2. improve the accuracy of the simulation model through comparison of theacquired data with the detail model simulations, and3. detect abnormalities, such as CO2 leakage if any such should occur.
CO2QUALSTORE Guideline(Guideline for Selection and Qualification of Sites and Projects for Geological Storageof CO2, DNV, 2010)

The objective of monitoring is to;
1. ensure safe and reliable operation of CGS* projects in accordance withregulations and industry practice,
2. measure emission reductions, and3. provide assurance to regulators and stakeholders that the storage site isproperly managed and that risks are controlled or mitigated.
*CGS: CO2 geological Storage
3. Monitoring issues

28

29

Monitoring 2/2
Objects: air, sea water, and subsurface (geological formations)Phase: pre-injection, during injection, and post-injection/closure
Regulations: Law relating to the Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime
Disaster (amended in 2007)
Guideline “For safe operation of a CCS demonstration project”(METI, 2009)

To achieve the objectives:

Do
Plan
Modeling
Simulation
Prediction

Action3. Monitoring issues

Injection

Check
Monitoring

Description in this slide is a personal opinion of the author.

Monitoring during Demonstration 1/3

30

Guideline “For safe operation of a CCS demonstration project”

Things to be monitored constantly
1. Pressure and temperature at the bottom-hole of the injection well
2. Injection rate, pressure, and temperature of CO2 at the well-head of theinjection well
3. Annulus pressure at the well-head of the injection well
4. Pressure and temperature in the same formation (continuously linked) where
the CO2 is injected and pressure at this well-head, if observation well(s) exist
5. Annulus pressure at the observation well(s), if observation well(s) exist
6. Microseismicity at the injection site and in its vicinity
Things to be monitored periodically
Seismic survey (twice within a permit period, i.e. once in every two years)
Properties of CO2 to be injected (concentration of CO2 and impurities)
Things to be monitored as much as possible
1. Pressure and temperature in the formation located shallower than the cap rock,
2. Properties effective for detecting CO2 such as electrical resistivity, acoustic
wave velocity, and saturation,
3. Chemical properties of groundwater sampled in the observation well(s)4. Volume and geochemical properties of the fluids, if there are discharge points
of subsurface fluids on the ground
3. Monitoring issues

Monitoring during Demonstration 2/3
CCS Demonstration Periods are assumed as;- Construction for 3 – 4 years- Injection for 3 - 4 years- Monitoring (post injection) for 3 years
Planned methods to be tested during the demonstration;
1. Effectiveness of 2D seismic method to substitute for 3D
93D seismic is thought to be the most effective method todelineate the shape of CO2 plume, but expensive!
e.g. approx. ¥1billion for 10km x 10km in Japan
2. Effectiveness of electromagnetic method, especially for depleted
gas reservoir
3. Effectiveness of gravity method
4. Effectiveness of Instrumented OBC System, especially for shallowsea
To avoid placement error of receivers in each surveys
3. Monitoring issues

Description in this slide is a personal opinion of the author.

31

Monitoring during Demonstration 3/3
zThe Law relating to the Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime
Disaster;- Permits an operator to store CO2 sub-seabed for 5 years andrequires seismic surveys twice within a permit period, i.e. once inevery two years.
- Requires the operator to seek a permission every 5 year as long as
CO2 stays subsurface.
This means the operator has to carry out monitoring forever!
zIssues to be discussed with the authorities;- The operator has to hand over liability to the government at the endof the demonstration.
- Which monitoring methods has to be implemented?

3. Monitoring issues

Description in this slide is a personal opinion of the author.

32

Summary
•

•
•

•

•

•

CCS is expected to play an important role to reduce CO2 emissions andthe government and industry have to work in concert to launch a largescale CCS demonstration project.
In order to deploy CCS widely in Japan, several demonstration projects
are required.
Site screening and engineering studies was carried out for CCS
demonstrations in 2008, and field surveys have been done in 2009 and2010.
This year, 3D seismic survey was carried out and a survey well is being
drilled at one of the potential sites, and a preliminary survey well was
drilled at another potential site.
After necessary field surveys, JCCS will submit site evaluation reports to
the government, and demonstration site(s) will be selected by thegovernment.
JCCS is making an elaborate monitoring plan for a demonstration project,and is discussing which items and how much detail the monitoring should
be carried out during the limited time of the demonstration project.

4. Summary33

Thank you for your attention.
Letʼs save the Earth!

Any comment and inquiry tomasanori.abe@japanccs.com