Overview of the Kanmon Kaikyo【関門海峡の概要】【Introduction】-1-【はじめに】

1

The Kanmon Kaikyo are located in the most western partof the Seto Inland Sea between Honshu and Kyushu, andextend over a distance of 15 nautical miles. They function asa key route for marine traffic between the Japan Sea and theSeto Inland Sea. Kanmon Port is located in the Straits. In
the port area, the Act on Port Regulations’ traffic rules arefollowed. Additionally, this Act on Port Regulations designates
which passages will be used for entry and which for
departure.

関門海峡は、本州と九州を隔てる全長約15海里の海峡で、瀬戸内海の最西部に位置し、日本海と瀬戸内海を結ぶ海上交通の要衝です。海峡には港則法が適用される関門港があり、航路が定められています。

2

The Straits form an S shape, with restricted vision ahead,
and the navigable width varies from one nautical mile down toapproximately 500 meters at Hayatomo Seto, one of its
narrowest parts. Tidal currents in the waterway are strong, andthis sector is one of the few difficult waterways of Japan.

海峡は大きく S 字型に湾曲して見通しが悪く、可航幅は広いところで約1海里、最狭部の一つである早鞆瀬戸は幅約500mで潮流も強く、我が国有数の航海の難所です。

3

10 port districts (Ku in Japanese), 8 passages, andmore than 200 quays are located in Kanmon Port.

海峡及びその周辺には、10 の港区、8つの航路、200を超える岸壁が存在します。

4

As a gateway to the rapidly developing economies of East
Asia such as China and South Korea, the port handles large
volumes of overseas shipping, and approximately 560 vessels
per day pass through the Straits.

また、発展が著しい中国・韓国などの東アジアへの玄関口として外国船の通航を含めた船舶の交通量は非常に多く、一日に約 560 隻の船舶が往来しています。

5

Together with many fishing boats working in these waters,
these vessels form a complex congested traffic flow in theStraits, and maritime accidents are not uncommon.
Considerable care is required when navigating the Kanmon
Kaikyo.

これらの航行船に、海峡内で操業する漁船が相まって、
船舶交通は輻輳し、交通流も複雑です。そのため海難も多く発生しており、航行に当たっては十分な注意が必要です。

-26

To better enhance the safety of marine traffic in the
Kanmon Kaikyo, the Japan Coast Guard has established the
Kanmon Kaikyo Vessel Traffic Service Center (call name:Kanmon MARTIS). The VTS Center is charged with 24-hourmonitoring of shipping movements, collection and analysis of
the necessary information for safe passage, and for providing
navigational assistance.

この関門海峡の海上交通の安全を図るために海上保安庁
は「関門海峡海上交通センター呼び出し名称かんもんマーチス」を設置し、24 時間体制で船舶の動静監視、安全航行に必要な情報の収集・解析、航行援助等を行っています。

7

Vessels passing through the Kanmon Kaikyo are required
to pay due attention to the geographical characteristics,
passages, weather, and sea conditions in the Straits, and tofollow the applicable ordinances such as the Act on Port
Regulations and the navigational safety guidance provided.

関門海峡を通航する船舶は、当海峡の地理的特徴、航路、
気象・海象等に十分注意すると共に、適用される港則法等の法令、航行安全指導等に従って航行しなければなりません。

8This DVD was created with the aim to promote safe
sailing by offering information which should be checked by
Captains (Shipmasters) and by navigators when passing
through the Kanmon Kaikyo. The DVD also gives other useful
information relevant to this area. In this outline, topics such as
weather and tidal characteristics in the Kanmon Kaikyo,
behaviour of fishing boats in the Straits, cautions when passing
through the Straits at night, applicable regulations that require
attention, and management of bridge resources are explained.
In the videos for east-bound and west-bound passages,
explanations are given according to the actual sailing conditions
in light of the surrounding environment.

この DVD は、船長及び航海士が関門海峡を通航する前に確認しておくべき内容や、通航する際に参考となる事柄について提供し、航行の安全に寄与する目的で作成したものです。
概要編では、海峡の気象・潮流の特徴、海峡内の漁船の動向、夜間航行における注意、特に注意すべき適用法令、
ブリッジリソースマネジメントについて説明し、東航編及び西航編では、実際の航行状況にあわせて周囲の状況を確認しながら説明を加えています。

-3【Weather and Tidal Characteristics in the Kanmon Kaikyo】【関門海峡の気象・潮流の特徴】
9Tidal flows in the Kanmon Kaikyo are rapid and complex
around curves and bends in the passage. In Dannoura andMoji the westerly flows become the strongest at around thetime of high water, and the easterly flows become thestrongest at around the time of low water.

関門海峡の潮流は、速く、屈曲部ではその流れも複雑です。壇之浦及び門司のほぼ高潮時に西流が、低潮時に東流が最強となります。

10

It sometimes happens that the maximum tidal current inHayatomo Seto, the narrowest part of the Kanmon Passage, isover 7 knots. Moreover, rates in excess of 10 knots canoccur during spring tides. Caution is required.

最狭部の早鞆瀬戸は潮流が強く、流速が7ノットを超えることがあり、特に大潮の時には10 ノットに達することがあるので注意が必要です。

11

Easterly and westerly tidal flows occur regularly twice daily,and slack water at the center of the Hayatomo Seto lasts forno more than a few minutes.

東流・西流はほぼ規則正しく 1 日 2 回現れ、早鞆瀬戸中
央部での憩流（けいりゅう）は、ほんの数分しかありません。

12The maximum rate of tidal flow in the Hayatomo Seto is
as shown in the diagram. The strong flow off Moji Saki is
distributed from the characteristic tidal rips that occur in the
middle of the Strait, funneling the rips to generate a dramaticincrease in the rate of flow.

早鞆瀬戸の最強流速発生海域はこの図に示すとおりで、
特に門司埼沖の強い流れは、この海域に特徴的に発生する潮目の航路中央よりに分布し、潮目を挟んで流速が著しく変化します。

13

The danger of grounding increases in the Hayatomo Seto
when vessels are unable to stem the tide.
This also introduces the dangers of risk of collision withfollowing, approaching and crossing vessels.

早鞆瀬戸では潮流に抗しきれない場合、乗り揚げの危険が増すとともに、後続船や反航船との衝突の危険が高くな
ります。

-414

In such cases, vessels passing through the Hayatomo
Seto against the current are required to maintain a ground
speed of at least 4 knots more than the rate of the current.

このため、潮流をさかのぼり早鞆瀬戸を航行しようとする汽船は、潮流の速度に４ノットを加えた速力以上の速力

15At the Hayatomo Seto, both easterly and westerly flows
impinge on the north side of the passage, and care isrequired to prevent being set off course.

また、早鞆瀬戸では東流・西流共に北側に圧流されるので注意が必要です。

16

The tidal current direction in the area from Hayatomo Seto
to O Seto generally follows the middle of the fairway.
Maximum velocity of the current in a spring tide may
become over 7 knots.

早鞆瀬戸から大瀬戸では、潮流は、ほぼ航路に沿って流れ、大潮期には、最強流速が、7 ノットを超えることがあ
ります。

17

A counter-clockwise circulating flow develops in Moji
District when flow in the Hayatomo Seto is westward. Caution
is required when berthing and unberthing.

門司区では早鞆瀬戸が西流の間、反時計回りの還流が生じます。離着岸時には、注意が必要です。

18

At O Seto there is a tendency for tidal flows to impingeon the Moji side during easterly flows, and on the Kokuraside during westerly flows.

大瀬戸では東流時には門司側へ、西流時には小倉側へ圧流される傾向があります。

19

Generally, vessels may be forced towards the shore or into
the path of oncoming vessels in strong currents of these narrowstraits.
This tendency increases in areas where the tidal current iscrossing the courses of vessels. Dangerous situations may occur
with vessels frequently drifting off course to the south when passing
through curves and bends at O Seto. This tendency is particularly
strong at night because of the difficulty to accurately monitor andplot one's own position. Care is required.

総じて強い潮流がある場合は、圧流によって船位が偏位し、陸岸や反航船の進路に近付くことがあるため注意が必要です。この傾向は、特に潮流が進路と交差する水域で顕著となります。
大瀬戸の屈曲部を航行する際にしばしば航路を離れて南方に偏り、危険に陥ることがあります。特に夜間は自船の正確な位置が把握しづらいためその傾向が強くなります。

-520

The Coast Guard has established three tidal current signal
stations in the Kanmon Kaikyo.
These have electronic signboards which display the current
direction and rate of the tidal stream in the Hayatomo Seto.
These tidal current signal stations are in the following
positions and the names of them are as follows.
１）The Eastern entrance to the Kanmon Kaikyo, named
He Saki tidal current signal station.
２）The narrowest section, named the Hinoyamashita tidal
current signal station.
３）The Western entrance to the Kanmon Kaikyo, named theDaiba Hana tidal current signal station.

海上保安庁は、関門海峡に潮流信号所を設置し、通航船舶に対して電光表示板で早鞆瀬戸の現在の潮流情報を提供
しています。信号所は海峡の東口の部埼潮流信号所、最狭部の火ノ山下潮流信号所、海峡西口の台場鼻潮流信号所の3 箇所です。

21

The Kanmon Passage typically has 20 foggy days per
year, and visibility may be restricted by fog, rain, or yellow
dust from the beginning of spring through the rainy season(May and June). These phenomena frequently occur from theearly hours until dawn of a breezy day but dissipate by
midday.

視界を制限する霧や黄砂に関して、関門海峡の年間の霧日数は約20日で、例年春先から梅雨時期にかけて霧や雨のため視界が制限される場合があります。微風の日の未明から日の出頃に発生することが多く、昼までには消滅することが多いといわれています。

22

Ship movements through the Kanmon Kaikyo may be
stopped on the instructions of the Captain of Kanmon Port
when the visibility is reduced to 500 meters or less.
Vessels are then required to wait outside the Strait until
visibility is restored.

関門航路の霧による通航禁止は、視程500m以下となった場合で、関門港長から指示がある場合は、船舶は視程が回復するまで航路外で待機しなければなりません。

23

Care is also required with yellow dust common in spring.
Information relating to this dust is published jointly by the Ministry of
the Environment and the Japan Meteorological Agency(http://www.jma.go.jp/en/kosa/).

また、春に多いと言われている、黄砂の発生にも注意を払う必要があります。黄砂情報は、環境省と気象庁が共同でその発生に関するデータを公開しています。
(http://www.jma.go.jp/jp/kosa/)

-6【Fishing Vessels in the Kanmon Kaikyo】【関門海峡の漁船の動向】

24

Large numbers of fishing boats are present in the
Hayatomo Seto and in the vicinity of O Seto, and this number
is increased by many sport fishing boats, especially on public
holidays. Care is required when passing through the passage
under such conditions.

早鞆瀬戸、大瀬戸付近は漁船が多く、特に休日には多数の遊漁船も加わり、航行船舶は注意が必要です。

25

In the passage, it is dangerous for large ships to have totake avoiding actions in the midst of rapid tidal flows as thesecan result in uncontrolled situations because of the force of thecurrent.

航路内では、大型船が漁船を避けようと急潮流のなか左右に大きく変針することはそれに伴う圧流に繋がり、操船困難となる場合があり危険です。

26

Transiting vessels are to maintain a sharp lookout, reduce
speed as necessary and use the whistle as required.

見張りをしっかり行ない、速力を落とし、汽笛を吹鳴して注意を喚起しながら航行する方がよいでしょう。

27

The Kanmon Kaikyo VTS Center provides information on
fishing boats in the Kanmon Kaikyo via VHF Radiotelephone,
as well as by its websit (http://www6.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/kanmon/).

関門海峡海上交通センターでは国際 VHF、ホームページ等で操業漁船の情報を提供しています。

【Cautions pertaining to Night Navigation in the Kanmon Kaikyo 】【関門海峡の夜間航行における注意】
28

When passing through the Kanmon Kaikyo at night,
recognition of navigation lights of vessels or the lights of navigation
aids, may be hindered by lights of harbour facilities and by thecity lights from Shimonoseki and Kitakyushu. Care is required.

夜間航行の際には、海峡の港湾施設や下関・北九州といった市街地等の陸岸の灯火により通航船舶及び航路標識の灯火視認が妨げられる場合があり、十分な注意が必要です。

29

Particularly in the vicinity of the Kanmon Bridge on the
Shimonoseki side, lights on the shore interfere with recognition oflights on west-bound vessels, and lights on the shore between Moji
and Kokura tend to interfere with recognition of lights on East-boundvessels between Yamazoko-no-Hana and Ganryu Shima.

特に関門橋付近の下関側陸上灯火は西航船の灯火の視認を妨げ、又、門司から小倉にかけての陸岸の灯火は、山底の鼻から巌流島沖の東航船の灯火の視認を妨げやすい。

-7【Passage Through the Kanmon Kaikyo, and Traﬃc Regulations】【関門海峡の交通法規と通航】
30

The Act on Port Regulations applies to Kanmon Port in
Kanmon Kaikyo.

関門海峡の大部分を占める関門港では港則法の適用があ
ります。

31

The Act on Port Regulations is a special set of
regulations under the Act on Preventing Collisions at Sea,
established to determine general requirements for marine traffic.
This general law of the Act for Preventing Collisions at Sea
applies unless otherwise provided for by special navigational
regulations in the Act on Port Regulations.

港則法は船舶交通の一般原則を定めている海上衝突予防法の特別法であり、港則法で特別に定められている航法以外は、一般法の海上衝突予防法が適用されます。

32

In Kanmon Port, the Act on Port Regulations stipulates
that: when vessels enter into or leave from or transit Kanmon
Port, they shall use the designated passage; vessels shall notanchor in the passage; vessels in the Kanmon passage andNo.2 Kanmon passage shall keep as near to the outer limitof the passage which lies on their starboard side as is safeand practicable.. Furthermore, in the Kanmon passage otherthan Hayatomo Seto Waterway, a vessel may overtake anothervessel only if the following conditions are met:
when a vessel being overtaken does not need to takeany cooperative movement in order for an overtaking vessel topass safely.
when an overtaking vessel can keep out the way of any
other vessels safely.
In case of overtaking, an overtaking vessel shall give thedesignated signals.
It should be noted, however, that as the Kanmon Kaikyo
has curves, bends and fast tidal flows, great care is requiredof an overtaking vessel.

関門港においては、港則法により航路の航行義務、航路
内投錨禁止、できる限り航路の右側を航行しなければならないことなどが定められています。
早鞆瀬戸水路では追い越しが禁止されていますが、追い越される船舶が自船を安全に通過させるための動作をとることを必要としないとき及び、自船が他の船舶の進路を安全に避けられるときには他船を追い越すことができます。
この場合、追い越す船舶は定められた汽笛信号を行う必要があります。
また、関門航路は航路が屈曲し潮流も早いことから、追い越す船舶は細心の注意が必要です。

-833

34

From May 2012, the following revisions were made to theregulations: overtaking in the Hayatomo Seto Waterway, whichis the narrowest sea area in Kanmon Kaikyo, is prohibited;
and the speed that should be maintained, which is faster than
the speed of tidal flows in the Hayatomo Seto, has beenchanged from at least 3 knots or more to 4 knots or more inadverse current conditions.
Furthermore, showing of the route by using AIS andsignal flags when navigating in Kanmon Port; areas that should
not be entered by vessels of over 100 G/T leaving Tanoura
District; and special navigational regulations with regard to theintersections of Kanmon Passage and other passages, arestipulated.
In addition, vessels navigating in Kanmon Port mustmonitor International VHF Channel 16 and 13. Passenger
vessels and ocean-going vessels of 300 G/T or more anddomestic vessels of 500 G/T or more that are required to beequipped with an AIS must send the information of thedestination appropriately.
Furthermore, vessels of over 300 G/T must fully
understand the rules related to the Act on Port Regulations
before sailing as there are specific, applicable rules, such as
for example when and where such vessels should hoist
International Maritime Signal Flag Numeral pennant '1' (one)to indicate they have right of way over small craft.

2012 年 5 月 1 日から関門海峡で最も狭い海域である
早鞆瀬戸水路における追い越しが禁止されたほか、これまで 3 ノット以上とされていた早鞆瀬戸での潮流をさかのぼり航行する場合の速力の維持が４ノット以上に改正されました。
関門港では、港内を航行する場合、AIS 及び信号旗による進路の表示、田野浦区から出港する総トン数 100 トン以上の船舶の航路進入禁止区域があり、さらに関門航路とその他の航路交差部における特定航法も定められています。
また、港内を航行する船舶は、国際 VHF チャンネル
16及び13 を聴取するとともに、AIS の搭載が義務化されている外航旅客船、総トン数300 トン以上の外航船及び総トン数 500 トン以上の内航船は、AIS を適切に運用して、目的地情報を送信する必要があります。
加えて総トン数300 トン以上の船舶は、それより小さい船舶に対する航法上の優先を表示するため国際信号旗「1」を掲げる等の特有の規則があるため、通航前に港則法に関する規則を十分に理解しておく必要があります。

-9In addition to the Act on Port Regulations, the Coast
Guard in this area provides instructions on safe navigation in
the Kanmon Kaikyo. It is important to have a fullunderstanding of the Act on Port Regulations, the Act on
Preventing Collisions at Sea and the instructions on safe
navigation when passing through the Straits. This DVD does
not refer to the details of sailing restrictions issued by the
Captain of Kanmon Port when visibility is limited, nor measuresagainst earthquakes, tsunami and typhoons. For information
regarding these matters, see other materials such as the
Kanmon Kaikyo Marine Guide.

関門海峡では航行の安全を図るため、管轄する海上保安
庁が港則法以外にもさまざまな航行安全指導を行っており、海峡通過に当たっては、港則法、海上衝突予防法及び航行安全指導について理解を深めておくことが重要です。

【Bridge Resource Management】【ブリッジリソースマネジメント】

36

As described previously, safe navigation in the Kanmon Kaikyo
is hindered by a number of factors. Maritime traffic in the Straits isvery congested, the passage itself has bends, curves, andintersections; is subject to dramatic changes in weather and sea
conditions; and is frequented by many fishing boats.

すでに述べたように、関門海峡は船舶交通が輻輳し、航路が屈曲、交差しており、気象・海象の変化も激しく、操業漁船も多いという、船舶の安全な航行を阻害する要因が多く存在します。

37

It is therefore necessary to prepare for appropriate
resources for passage as well as to implement BRM (Bridge
Resource Management) to ensure that information making thebest use of the experience of the Master, navigator, andhelmsman on the bridge is shared, and that thedecision-making process achieves the most appropriate actions.

そのため通航には、適切なリソースを用意するとともに、船橋内の船長、航海士、操舵手がメンバーの経験を含めた情報を共有し、最も適切な行動を取るための意志決定プロ
セスを踏む BRM (Bridge Resource Management) を適切に実行することが必要です。

38

To achieve effective BRM, it is important to define clearly
the role and priority of resources on the bridge, to facilitate
effective communication for mutual verification of information, andto ensure that an error by an individual does not develop into
an error chain that affects the entire Bridge Team.

効果的な BRM 実施のためには船橋内のリソースの役割と優先順位を明確にするとともに、効果的なコミュニケー
ションで各情報の相互チェックを行い、個人のエラーが船橋内全体のエラーへと発展することを防ぐことが重要です。

35

この DVD では、視界制限状態における関門港長からの航行制限指示の詳細、地震津波対策及び台風対策については言及していません。それらについては、関門海峡マリン
ガイド等関係資料を参考にしてください。

-1039These measures ensure that the vessel's Captain is able
to receive the appropriate information, and that he is able torecognize the situation and make the most appropriate
decisions, and take the lead in actions to ensure safe
operation of the vessel.

そのことによって操船者へ適切な情報が提供でき、操船者は、状況をよく認識できて最適な判断が行え、明確なリー
ダーシップにより行動して安全運航を図ることができます。

40

In practice, a competent Bridge Team will scan to port
and starboard of the wheelhouse according to the area of thepassage, and will be sufficiently aware of details of expectedhazards and cautions before passing through the Straits.

具体的には、航行海域に応じて船橋内要員ソースに対して右舷・左舷の見張りの範囲を定め、予想される注意しなければならない状況について、海峡通過前に十分に説明しておく必要があります。

41

Furthermore, when passing through the Hayatomo Seto,
noted for its strong tidal flows and limited space to maneuver,
it is important that the Captain is able to obtain the necessary
information on the speed of his vessel and on its horizontal
displacement.

さらに潮流が強く、可航幅の狭い、早鞆瀬戸通過時には、自船の速力、横偏位について、船長が適切な情報を入手できる体制を整えておくことも重要です。

42

In particular, the role of bridge resources for the following
areas of the passage must be clarified.
・Verification of entry to, and exit from, Tanoura District.
・Verification of speed and horizontal displacement in the vicinityof Hayatomo Seto.
・Verification of entry to, and exit from, Moji District andShimonoseki District.
・Verification of horizontal displacement in the vicinity of O Seto,and of vessels approaching from behind curves and bends.
・Verification of entry to, and exit from, Kokura District,
Wakamatsu District, etc..
・Verification of movement of vessels at the intersection of
Kanmon Passage and No.2 Kanmon Passage.
・Verification of movement of vessels in the vicinity of theeastern and western exits of the passage.

特に次の海域における船橋内リソースの役割を明確にしておかなければなりません。
・田野浦区への船舶の出入確認・早鞆瀬戸付近での速力、横偏位の確認
・門司区・下関区への船舶の出入確認
・大瀬戸付近での横偏位、湾曲部の陰から出てくる船舶の確認
・小倉区・若松区等への船舶の出入確認・関門航路と関門第二航路合流部の船舶の動向確認
・航路の西口・東口付近での船舶の動向確認

-1143Furthermore when vessels communicate in English withother ships or with the Japan Coast Guard, International
Maritime Organization Standard Marine Communication Phrases
shall be used. Communications shall be concise and clear.

更に、他船又は海上保安庁と英語で通信するときは、
IMO 標準海事通信用語集を使用し、連絡は明確であり、理解できることが必要です。

44

In Kanmon Port is a compulsory pilotage area and, assuch, vessels shown in this table, including vessels of 10,000
G/T or more, are required to have a pilot aboard when
passing through the Kanmon Kaikyo.

関門港は強制水先区となっているため、関門海峡を通過する総トン数一万トン以上の船舶を含め、この表に示す船
舶は水先人を乗船させなければなりません。

45

When a pilot embarks, the Captain is required to use a
Pilot Card which gives information about the ship’ s propellers,
the rudder, and the vessel handling characteristics, as per
regular Bridge Resource Management practice.
The Captain must, in turn, receive from the Pilot an
Information Card and a Passage Plan, and both Passage
Plans must be compared and agreed upon. Furthermore,sharing of information is vital to ensure the safe navigation of
the Kanmon Kaikyo by the vessel. The entire Bridge Team
must be present to absorb all information pertinent to thesafety of the vessel and any changes made known to allmembers. Only then will the Captain welcome the Pilot as amember of the Bridge Team and hand over the con to the
Pilot.

水先人乗船時には、船長はパイロットカードを使用して水先人に対して自船情報を提示するとともに、推進器、舵、操船の特徴等についても情報交換を行わなければなりません。また、水先人からインフォメーションカード、パッセー
ジプランの提示を受け、関門海峡の安全な航行に必要な情報を船橋内の全ての人的リソースが共有し、水先人を含めた適切な BRM を運用しなければなりません。

This concludes the description of the Outline of the
Kanmon Kaikyo.

以上が、関門海峡の概要です。