KAAB International Symposium 2023

Frontiers in
Ecologically Friendly
Crop Production
March 27, 2023 (Mon) 10:00-20:40
Main Lecture Room C110 & Web hybrid meeting,Niigata University Faculty of Agriculture
Poster Release

10:00Opening Remarks

14:00-14:10

Toshiaki MITSUI

Poster Session (Short talk)

Chair: Norikuni OHTAKE, Naoki KANO
14:10-17:00
Symposium

Chair: Kimiko ITOH
17:00-17:20

Welcome speech
Kazushige KAWABATA, Vice President of Niigata University
Hiroo SHINADA, Mayor of Kariwa Village

Chair: Masanori YAMASAKI, Niigata University
17:20-17:50

Motoyuki ASHIKARI, Nagoya University, Japan“How does plant stem grow? Discovering of antagonistic regulation ofstem growth in rice”
17:50-18:20

Murat AYCAN, Niigata University, Japan“Employing the plant memory for ecologically friendly crop production:
Transgenerational salt plasticity in rice”
Chair: Hideo HASEGAWA, Niigata University
18:25-18:55

Kazunori MINAMIKAWA, JIRCAS, Japan“Dual approaches to disseminate paddy water management
as a climate solution in Monsoon Asia”
18:55-19:25

Hirohiko NAGANO, Niigata University, Japan“Dry soil rewetting for elucidating soil organic matter decompositionand carbon dynamics”
Chair: Toshiaki MITSUI, Niigata University
19:30-20:00

Asiloglu RASIT, Niigata University, Japan“Applied protistology: A pioneering approachin ecologically friendly rice production”
20:00-20:30

Iker Aranjuelo MICHELENA, CSIC/UPNA Agrobiotechnology Institute, Spain“Relevance of promoting a resource efficient anda low greenhouse gas emission agriculture modelin current and near future agriculture”
Closing Remarks

20:30-20:40

Naoki HARADA
Poster Award Announcement Masaru NAKANO

Sponsored by Niigata University & CSICK A A B

KAAB International Symposium 2023 Poster session Program
Session 1: Biochemistry Molecular Biology & Biotechnology
PS-1-1

Effects of volatile compounds emitted from edible mushrooms shiitake fungi-beds as a
Biostimulant on growth and biomass in rice seedlings
1
Kanga Clever Nkhokwe, 1Okisaka Yui, 1Hanamata Shigeru, 1Mitsui Toshiaki, 1Itoh Kimiko1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata

PS-1-2The Screening Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Under Effect of Drought and High
Temperature Stress
1,2
Ermelinda Maria LOPES HORNAI, 3 Murat AYCAN, 1,3 Toshiaki Mitsui1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan.
2
National Division of Research and Statistics, Timor-Leste Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dili,
Timor-Leste.
3
Dept. of Appl. Biol. Chem., Fac. of Agric., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan.

PS-1-3

Expression study of Type A response regulator genes under different abiotic stressconditions
1
Setu Rani Saha, 2Kimiko Itoh1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
2
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

PS-1-4Characterization of Starch Granules Formed in Endosperm of Rice with Ectopic
Overexpression of α-Amylase
1
Kaku Cho, 2Sumiko Nakamura, 2Ken-ichi Ohtsubo, 3Yasunori Nakamura, 3Naoko Fujita,
4
Hiromoto Yamakawa, 1Toshiaki Mitsui1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2
Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences,
Niigata, Japan;
3
Faculty of Bioresource Science, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan;
4
Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
Tsukuba, Japan

PS-1-5Generation of transformants overexpressing Lotus japonicus CLE genes for their functional
analysis.
Kayano Ishige, Satoru Okamoto
affiliation Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University

PS-1-6

Chemo-morphological Characterization Activities of Pelargonium sidoides DC (Geraniaceae)
1
Mthiyane P., 2Mavengahama S., 2Opoku A. & 3Kleynhans R.
1
Department of Agriculture, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Jacobs, 4026, RSA
2
Department of Agriculture and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zululand, Dlangezwa,
3886, RSA
3
Agricultural Research Council- Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria,
0001, RSA

PS-1-7

Molecular Weight Control of Lignopolyphenol by Neighboring Group Participation for
Improved Biological Activity
1
Minami MASAKI, 2Keigo MIKAME
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan
2
Faculty of Agriculture Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

PS-1-8Analysis of the physiologic and metabolic response of wheat plants to over-expression offerredoxin in the chloroplast under changing [CO2] conditions.
1
Dorra Fakhet, 2Jon González, 2Alicia Fernández-San Millán, 2Luis Larraya, 1Angie L. Gámez,1Fermín Morales, 1Iker Aranjuelo, 2Jon Veramendi and 2Immaculada Farrán.
1
Institute of Agrobiotechnology (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain.
2
Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain

Session 2: Agricultural & Food Science
PS-2-1

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Top-Down Predatory Protist in Paddy Field Soils
1
Seda Bodur Ozer, 2Rasit Asiloglu, 3Solomon Oloruntoba Samuel, 4Kazuki Suzuki, 2Naoki
Harada1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
2
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan3
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Relaigh, NC 27696
4
Institute of Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

PS-2-2

Low input of top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer to rice plants positively affects alcohol
fermentationin sake brewing using the grains
1
Takuji Miyamoto, 1Ikuhisa Nishida, 2Norikuni Ohtake, 1,2,3Dai Hirata
1
Sakeology Center, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
2
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
3
Niigata Sake Brewers Association, Niigata, Japan

PS-2-3

Effect of poultry manure on crop growth1
Shinya Yamada, 1Sharula, 1 Iffet Cakirsoy, 2Takuji Miyamoto, 3Saki Shimamoto, 3Shinobu
Fujimura, 3Yoshitaka Motonaga, 3Kuni Sueyoshi, 3Norikuni Ohtake
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan
2
Sakeology Center, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan
3
Dept. of Appl. Biol. Chem., Fac. of Agric., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

PS-2-4

Anthocyanins and virus accumulation in BYDV-PAV-infected Brachypodium distachyon
Kaname Iizuka, Nami Minato
Graduate school of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, JAPAN

PS-2-5Single infection of barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) has negative effects on
preference and performance of insect vector compared to co-infection with the relative virus
species.
1
Kai Nakagawa, 1Shuichi Hatori, 1,2Nami Minato
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, JAPAN2
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, JAPANPS-2-6

Evolution of plantago asiatica mosaic virus through long-term passages in Nicotiana plants
and its impact on host adaptation
1
Daisuke Nakamura, 1Nami Minato, 2Minako Furuya, 2Ken Komatsu, 3Shin-Ichi Fuji
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, JAPAN;
2
Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo,
JAPAN;
3
Faculty of Bioresource Science, Akita Prefectural Univ., Akita, JAPAN

PS-2-7The exposure of maize seedlings to weed volatiles affects their growth and seed quality
1
Yusuke Sakurai, 1Satomi Ishizaki, 2Nami Minato, 1Yasuko Hayashi, 3Shota Izumi, 3Takuma
Yoshida, 3Kaori Shiojiri and 4Junji Takabayashi
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2
Faculty of Aguliculture, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
3
Department of Agriculture, Ryukoku Univ., Otsu, Japan;
4Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto Univ., Otsu, Japan

PS-2-8

Peanut photosynthesis response to drought can include diffusive and biochemical
limitations depending on cultivar
1,2David Soba, 3Summer Parker, 3Charles Chen, 4Avat Shekhoofa, 3Alvaro Sanz-Saez
1
Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
2
Agrobiotechnology Institute (IdAB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Government ofNavarre, Spain
3
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
4
Plant science Department, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Jackson, TN, USA

ps-2-9Target role of stomatal aperture on leaf metabolism and growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
under ambient and elevated [CO2]1
María Ancín, 2Koh Iba, 1Iker Aranjuelo
1
Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain;2
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812–8151, Japan

PS-2-10 Impact of biostimulants on wheat plants grown under climate change conditions
Picazo P.J., Morales F. and Aranjuelo I.
Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192
Mutilva, Spain.
PS-2-11 Hyperspectral devices applied to the determination of alfalfa nutritional quality traits
1,2
Angie Gámez, 3Thomas Vatter, 3Jose Luis Araus, 2Iker Aranjuelo
1
NAFOSA company, Avenida Leizaur 79, Peralta, Navarre – Spain;2
Agrobiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC – Government of Navarre – Mutilva, Spain;
3
Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University ofBarcelona and AGROTECNIO, Lleida Spain.

Session 3: Environmental Science and Technology
PS-3-1Development of Liquid Fertilizer Using Recovered Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge Ash andApplication to Cultivation of Crop (Japanese mustard spinach)
1

Hikari Fukushima, 1Sayano Hiyoshi, 1Naoto Miyamoto, 1Naoki Kano, 2Norikuni Otake, 3Hee-Joon Kim
1
Chem. & Chem. Eng. Program, Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2Appl. Lif. Sci. Program, Fac. of Agri., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
3
Dep. of Environ. Chem., Fac. of Advanced Eng., Kogakuin Univ., Tokyo, Japan;
PS-3-2

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the percentage of soybean rhizobia carrying hupS andhupL genes.
1
Mana Ishikawa, 1Ayaka Tanbo, 2Masaya Yamada, 3Takashi Miyamoto, 1Kuni Sueyoshi, 2Iffet
Cakirsoy, 2Soushi Takeda, 1Norikuni Ohtake
1
Dept. of Appl. Biol. Chem., Fac. of Agric., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan
3
Sakeology Center, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

PS-3-3

Conservation Agriculture to preserve soils and to improve plant growth1
Wiyao BANAKINAOU and 1,2Tadao AODA
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ. Niigata, Japan;
2
Dept. of Watershed Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata Univ. Niigata, Japan

PS-3-4Microplastic Contamination on Turkish Arable Land due to Sewage Sludge Application
1
Serhat Murat Comert, 2Muhittin Onur Akca, 2Oguz Can Turgay, 3Kazuki Suzuki, 4Naoki
Harada1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye
3Institute of Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
4
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

PS-3-5Determination of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases Using UAV and Soil Fluxes Capturing with
Ground Survey
1
Iaroslav Zakharevich, 2Hideo Hasegawa, 2Hirohiko Nagano
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
2
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan

PS-3-6

Synthesis of chitosan based new materials for adsorption of heavy metal
1
Enkhtuya Majigsuren, 1Ulziidelger Byambasuren, 1,2Munkhpurev Bat-Amgalan, 3Naoki Kano,
1
1

Nasanjargal Shirendev, 〇1Ganchimeg YundenDept. of Chem. Eng., School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian Univ. of Sci. and Technol.,
Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia;
2
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
3
Chem. & Chem. Eng. Program, Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;

PS-3-7Fabrication and characterization of low-cost ceramic membrane developed with cross-linked
chitosan for ultrafiltration of Cr(VI)1,2
Munkhpurev Bat-Amgalan, 3Naoto Miyamoto, 3Naoki Kano, 2Ganchimeg Yunden,
3,4
Hee-Joon Kim
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2
Dept. of Chem. Eng., School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian Univ. of Sci. and Technol.,
Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia;
3
Chem. & Chem. Eng. Program, Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
4Dep. of Environ. Chem., Fac. of Advanced Eng., Kogakuin Univ., Tokyo, Japan;

PS-3-8

Effect of chelating agents (EDTA, NTA) on phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil by
Helianthus Annuus
1
Muhammad Nabil Md Sari, 1David Eva Vanessa Anak, 2Naoto Miyamoto, 2Naoki Kano
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2
Dept. of Chem. and Chem. Eng., Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

PS-3-9Removal of Cadmium in Soil by Phytoremediation Using Helianthus Annuus & Marigold andby Washing Method Using Ferric Chloride
1
Saya Ito, 2David Eva Vanessa Anak, 1Naoto Miyamoto, 1Naoki Kano
1
Chem. & Chem. Eng. Program, Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

Session 4: Other
PS-4-1

Extremely Long Chains of Magnetic Particles via Large Plastic Beads Dispersed in Magnetic
Elastomers
Rio Urano, Shota Akama, Mika Kawai, Tetsu Mitsumata
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

PS-4-2

Research on the Structure of Rice Brand Value- A Case Study of "Koshihikari" and "Koshihikari Niigata University NU1” Kazuki KATSUMI
Master's Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University

S-1

How does a plant grow its stem? Discovering of antagonistic regulationof stem growth in rice
Motoyuki Ashikari
Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan,

The stem is a primary structural axis of plants that supports the aerial organs such as leaves and flowers. Stem elongation
enables plants to adapt and survive in their environment. For example, elongated stems keep the leaves exposed to light,
thereby maximizing photosynthetic efficiency. In gramineous plants such as rice, barley and wheat, the stem, which iscomposed of nodes and internodes clearly, impacts plant height and productivity. The short stem (semi dwarf stature) is oneof the most important agricultural traits, since it shows lodging resistance leading stable harvest. In fact, semi dwarf rice andwheat contributed to increasing grain production in the late of 20th Century, known as “Rice and Wheat green revolution”.
Stem (Internode elongation) is stimulated by the plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) through the activation of cell divisionand cell elongation. In a different aspect of internode elongation by GA, the internode requires activation of the intercalarymeristem in internode to initiate the elongation. However, the regulatory factors and molecular mechanism of the GA
response and intercalary meristem activity have been unknown. To fill the gaps between the GA response and acquisitionof the ability for internode elongation, we identified two factors controlling internode elongation in response to GA in rice. In
this symposium, I introduce the antagonistic regulation of rice stem (internode) elongation by an “accelerator” and a“decelerator” in concert with GA. The gene ACCELERATOR OF INTERNODE ELONGATION1 (ACE1), which encodes aprotein of unknown function, confers competence for cell division of intercalary meristematic region leading to internode
elongation in the presence of GA. On the contrary, DECELERATOR OF INTERNODE ELONGATION1 (DEC1), which
encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor, suppresses internode elongation while downregulation of DEC1 allows internode
elongation. I also show that the mechanism of internode elongation mediated by ACE1 and DEC1 is conserved in
Gramineae. Furthermore, genetic diversity analysis suggests that mutations in ACE1 and DEC1 had historically contributed
to the selection of shorter plants for lodging resistance in domesticated populations and of taller plants for deepwater
adaptation in wild species of rice. These antagonistic regulatory factors enhance our understanding of the GA response as
an additional mechanism regulating internode elongation and environmental fitness beyond biosynthesis and GA signaltransduction.
@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp

S-2

Employing the plant memory for ecologically friendly crop production:
Transgenerational salt plasticity in rice
Murat AYCAN1*, Lutfun NAHAR2, Marouane BASLAM1, Toshiaki MITSUI1

1 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
2 Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University,

Niigata, Japan.

Transgenerational plasticity effects in plants are thought to allow for rapid adaptation to environmental changes.
Transgenerational plasticity, or phenotypic plasticity, enables organisms and their offspring to adapt to the environment
without changing the underlying DNA. To test the transgenerational salinity tolerance plasticity on rice plants, we performed
a multi-factorial reciprocal transplant experimental design, crossing the past environment experienced by ancestors with thepresent one experienced by progeny. We employed 99% identical genetic backgrounded salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice
genotypes to test if non-genetic environmental induced phenotypic modifications and transgenerational salinity affect thephenomenon and to exclude nuclear genomic factors for two generations. We found that the parentally salt-stressed saltsensitive genotype showed higher growth performance, photosynthetic activity, yield performance, and transcriptional
responses compared to parentally non-stressed salt-sensitive plants under salt-stress conditions. Surprisingly, salt-tolerant
genotypes did not show a transgenerational salt plasticity effect. Phenotypes of offspring plants differed based on theenvironment of their ancestors. The impacts of ancestral environment on progeny resulted in heritable phenotypicmodifications in salt-sensitive genotypes.

Keywords: Salt-stress, parental effect, maternal effect, transcriptional memory, stress memory

S-3

Dual approaches to disseminate paddy water management as a climate
solution in Monsoon Asia
Kazunori Minamikawa, Kenichi Uno
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Monsoon Asia is the world’s rice basket but more production is still needed to feed the growing population in the future. At
the same time, rice paddies are one of the major anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4), a potent and short-lived
greenhouse gas, and also the largest consumer of irrigation water in agriculture. Solution options are therefore required foreach of these problems.
Water management in rice paddies has a potential to simultaneously solve the above problems. Multiple drainage practices,such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and midseason drainage followed by intermittent irrigation (MiDi), which is theconventional practice in Japan, save irrigation water and reduce soil CH4 emission compared to those in continuous flooding(CF) practice. In addition, recent field studies in Vietnam reported that multiple drainage practices significantly increased
rice grain yield. This is worth digging deeper because the yield increase enables the voluntary dissemination of water
management to farmers in Monsoon Asia. However, there have been also many field studies reporting yield non-increaseby multiple drainage practices. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the determinants of yield increase and non-increase
through field studies under various environmental and agronomic settings.
Another approach to disseminate paddy water management is to utilize the institutions in public and private sector, such ascarbon crediting schemes. This approach can cover the rice areas with yield non-increase by multiple drainage practices
and provide some incentive to the farmers. To implement such mitigation actions accurately and transparently, a low-cost
methodology for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) is required. Comparing with just aggregating many fields thatmanaged by different farmers, an idea to reduce the cost of MRV implementation is to simultaneously manage water levelin a large paddy area (e.g., >10 ha) that shares the same irrigation and drainage canals/facilities.
Creating some incentive for farmers is a promising way to disseminate paddy water management as a climate solution in
Monsoon Asia. In any sector, applied scientists for climate change mitigation should draw various scenarios for the
dissemination of climate solutions as well as developing promising technologies.

Contact info: Dr. Kaz Minamikawa; E-mail: minakazu@affrc.go.jp

S-4

Dry soil rewetting for elucidating soil organic matter decomposition andcarbon dynamics
Hirohiko Nagano
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata (Japan)

Rewetting of dry soil is a crucial topic in investigating soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and carbon dynamics fromboth viewpoints to elucidate the climate change impacts on them and the soil microbial utilization of substrate organic matter.
Here, we present the substantial potential of dry soil rewetting in SOM research, introducing two studies. One is theevaluation of the effects of dry-wet cycles on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) release using the soil incubation experiment. Drywet cycles substantially stimulated soil CO2 release up to more than ten-fold of CO2 release under the continuously constantmoisture condition. Thus, predicted changes in precipitation patterns, increasing intensity, and decreasing frequency ofrainfall likely cause an unexpected increase in soil CO2 release. Another study is the application of dry soil rewetting toelucidate microbial utilization of soil organic substrate under different substrate availability. Here, water-extractable organic
matter from rewetted dry soils likely reflected soil microbial utilization of carbon and nitrogen substrate, exhibiting the contrast
enrichments of stable isotope signature under different substrate availability. Thus, dry soil rewetting has substantial
potential to evaluate SOM decomposition and soil carbon dynamics associated with climate change and soil microbial
ecology. Accelerating research on dry soil rewetting can bring practical advantages to understanding and predicting features
and the future of SOM decomposition and soil carbon dynamics.

Contact info: Dr. Hirohiko Nagano; E-mail: hnagano@agr.niigata-u.ac.jp

S-5

Applied Protistology: A Pioneering Approach in Ecologically Friendly
Rice Production
Asiloglu Rasit1, Samuel O. Solomon1, Suzuki Kazuki2, Harada Naoki1
1)2)

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan.
Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.

Rice is one of the most essential crops feeding more than half of the world population. The growth of rice plants depends
on diverse microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere, which obligates us to better understand the plant-microbe interactions
for sustainable rice production. Among the microbial groups in the rice rhizosphere, protists, single-celled eukaryotes, arethe least studied group. In this presentation, a series of our previous studies focusing on the effect of protists on bacterial
communities and rice plant growth will be introduced. Briefly, our research showed that top-down effect of protist predationis one of the most important factors controlling bacterial communities in paddy field soil. Their predation on rhizobacteriaenhances nutrient turnover and bacterial activities. We also discovered that protist predation upon rhizobacteria alters
endophytic bacterial community composition and enhanced their population, which may results in a better plant growth. In
conclusion, we provide a novel insight into underground plant-microbe interactions. Additionally, this results significantly
contributes to advancing plant microbiology by providing a new promising tool—protists—to manipulate plant microbiome
needed for sustainable and high-yield plant production.

Contact info: Asiloglu Rasit, PhD;
Laboratory of Applied Protistology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University,
E-mail: asiloglu@agr.niigata-u.ac.jp

S-6

Relevance of promoting a resource efficient and a low greenhouse gas
emission agriculture model in current and near future agriculture
Iker Aranjuelo
Agrobiotechnology Institute (IdAB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Government ofNavarre joint center. Av. Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra (Spain)

Twenty-first century agriculture faces a multitude of challenges, emphasizing that of feeding an increasing population underconditions of global change. Therefore, agriculture must be more productive, while improving the safety and quality of foodand reducing its environmental impact. In this context, it is mandatory to increase our efforts on thedevelopment/identification of the cultivars/biological markers that enable the required increase in sustainable (in economicand ecologic terms) crop production.
Anthropogenic activities such as land-use change, agriculture and waste management have altered terrestrial biogenic
greenhouse gas fluxes, and the resulting increases in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in particular can contribute toclimate change. In particular, agriculture is a significant source of GHGs emissions to the atmosphere, accounting for ~11%of total global anthropogenic emissions. Within this context, there is an urgent need to develop more sustainable andenvironmentally friendly crop management protocols.
In terms of promotion of ecofriendly agriculture protocols, optimized irrigation and fertilization management technologies
ensure that crops are getting the right amount of water at the right time. Precision agriculture approaches, such as theintegration of IoT in the irrigation management systems, are intended to provide the farmers tools for real-time observation,measurement, and responses to variability in crops. They help to reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture practices,
but also to increase crop yields and reduce costs (including labour costs), optimizing process inputs and contributing toincrease profitability.
In summary the current talk will focus, within a climate change context, on the revision of the novel technological applicationsof phenotyping, precision agriculture and development of modified plants aiming to increase crop yield in a resource efficient
strategy context.

Contact info: Dr. Iker Aranjuelo; E-mail: iker.aranjuelo@csic.es

PS-1-1

Effects of volatile compounds emitted from edible mushrooms shiitake fungi-beds as a
Biostimulant on growth and biomass in rice seedlings
Kanga Clever Nkhokwe1, Okisaka Yui1, Hanamata Shigeru1, Mitsui Toshiaki1, Itoh Kimiko1
1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata

Biostimulants are becoming the best option for achieving sustainable agriculture because of their ability to promote
growth, enhance crop yield, quality and tolerance to abiotic stress. Recent studies have reported volatile compounds(VCs) emitted by fungi as having biostimulant effect on plants. However, methods and technologies to culture fungi andextract their VCs are currently complex, but fungi-beds used to cultivate edible mushrooms are readily available andtheir supply chain is steady and sure. The current study investigated the effect of VCs emitted from Shiitake fungi-beds
as a potent novel Biostimulants. Rice seedlings were cultivated in closed containers with non-contact exposure to fungibeds under 27oC 13/hours light and 23oC/11 hours dark conditions. At 14 days old, rice seedlings exposed to VCs
emitted by Shiitake fungi-beds had more pronounced growth and biomass accumulation as compared to control plants.
Additionally, the higher the dose of Shiitake fungi-bed the more the increase in growth and biomass of rice seedlings.
The positive interaction between the VCs emitted from Shiitake fungi-bed and rice seedling clearly show their potentiality
as possible new Biostimulants.

PS-1-2The Screening Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Under Effect of Drought and High Temperature
StressErmelinda Maria LOPES HORNAI1,2, Murat AYCAN3, Toshiaki Mitsui1,3
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan.
2 National Division of Research and Statistics, Timor-Leste Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dili,
Timor-Leste.
3 Dept. of Appl. Biol. Chem., Fac. of Agric., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan.

Future extreme events, like drought and high temperature/heat waves, are predicted to become more frequent andsevere due to global climate change. Although high temperature and drought's individual effects on crop development
and productivity have been researched, less is known about how these stresses will interact. To test single and multiple
stress effects on four rice genotypes, we employed high temperature (35~40 ºC), drought (15% PEG600 and 30% soil
moisture), and multiple stress (high-temperature and drought) on rice seed, seedling, and reproductive stages. we set
up a hydroponic system in a growth chamber for seedling stage experiments, but we conducted a semi-controlled
experiment for reproductive stage tests. Our results showed that among the tested genotypes Niigata University1 (NU1)
genotype showed better growth performance, ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX), proline (PRO) content under hightemperature, drought, and multiple stress. Especially, the perfect grain number was found almost 60% and yield
performance increased by 75% in the NU1 genotype under high-temperature stress. It seems that NU1 genotype has
a function to increase osmoprotectant PRO and antioxidant APX activity to overcome the damaging effect of hightemperature and drought stress in rice plant.
KEYWORDS: Stress tolerance, NU1, perfect grain, antioxidant,

PS-1-3

Expression study of Type A response regulator genes under different abiotic stress conditions
1Setu Rani Saha, 2Kimiko Itoh
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
2 Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

Cytokinins are phytohormones involved in adaptation to stress as well as growth in many plant species. A response
regulator (RR) is regulatory component in cytokinin signal transduction pathway, and rice genome has 34 putative RR
genes which are classified into four subfamilies: Type A, Type B, Type C, and pseudo-response regulator. We herein
made a comparative study for gene expression changes in some type A response regulators genes (OsRR6, OsRR9,and OsRR10) under different abiotic stress conditions, namely, 250 mM NaCl (for salinity), 25% PEG (for drought), 0.5%
Na2CO3 (for alkaline stress), and wounding by inflicting mechanical injury for 0 hr, 1 hr, 6 hr, and 12 hr. In our previoustranscriptomics, those 3 genes showed upregulation in the leaves of rice adapted to high temperature and elevated CO2stress conditions and acquired tolerance to both stresses. Results show that three RR genes responded to different
stresses and upregulated in different intensities. Especially OsRR9 and 10, are almost identical in their amino acidsequences but showed different manner in stress response. Our results provide hints for further functional analysis of
the selected genes by making overexpression and loss of function mutants with respect to studied abiotic stresses.

PS-1-4Characterization of Starch Granules Formed in Endosperm of Ricewith Ectopic Overexpression of α-Amylase
1Kaku Cho, 2Sumiko Nakamura, 2Ken-ichi Ohtsubo, 3Yasunori Nakamura, 3Naoko Fujita,
4Hiromoto Yamakawa, 1Toshiaki Mitsui
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2 Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata,Japan;
3 Faculty of Bioresource Science, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan;
4 Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba,Japan

α-Amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of internal α-1,4-glycosidic linkages of α-glucan polymers such as starch and is
known as an enzyme that can directly degrade raw starch that has not been heat-glued. This study aimed to characterize
rice endosperm starch in rice with ectopic overexpressing α-amylase. Transgenic rice plants transformed with 35S(cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter)::AmyI-1, 35S::AmyII-4, and P10 (10kDa prolamin promoter)::AmyI-1 weregrown under normal temperature (23°C, 12 h in the dark/ 26°C12h in the light) and brown grains were harvested. Eachbrown rice grains exhibited characteristic chalkiness, and electron microanalyzer (EPMA)-SEM images revealed
numerous small pits in the starch granules, which may be due to the action of α-amylase enzyme. Fluorescence labelingand capillary electrophoresis analysis of starch chain length distribution showed that there was no significant change instarches of 35S::AmyI-1 and 35S::AmyII-4 transgenic rice, while P10::AmyI-1 transgenic rice showed extremely short(GP2-8) of α-glucan chainsin P10::AmyI-1-transgenic rice. Rapid viscoanalyzer analysis (RVA) also showed that thedifference in chain length distribution was interpreted as a change in viscosity, indicating that the starch produced by
P10::AmyI-1 has novel structural characteristics. Structural analysis of the starch by NMR is on-going in our laboratory.

PS-1-5

Generation of transformants overexpressing Lotus japonicus CLE genes
for their functional analysis.
Kayano Ishige, Satoru Okamoto
affiliation Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University

CLE genes are conserved in a variety of plant species, and CLE peptides are known to mediate cell-to-cell or organto-organ communications in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtCLE2 and AtCLE3 are expressed mainly in roots, andtheir expression levels are upregulated under photoassimilates-deprived conditions and overexpression of AtCLE2 or
AtCLE3 results in an increase of sucrose content in roots. These findings propose a model in which roots require
photoassimilates to shoots via long-distance mobile CLE peptides (Okamoto et al., 2022). In Lotus japonicus,
LjCLE43 was recently found to respond to 24-hour dark treatment. On the other hand, LjCLE-RS2 and LjCLE-RS3 are
known to be up-regulated in roots by rhizobial inoculation and act as long-distance signaling molecules from roots toshoots to control the number of nodules on roots. Considering that the amino acid sequences of these Lotus CLE
peptides show high homology with those in AtCLE2 and AtCLE3, there is a possibility that Lotus CLE peptides have
similar effect to that of AtCLE2 and AtCLE3. To explore this possibility, we generated L. japonicus transformants
overexpressing theses LjCLE genes with using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. To evaluate theexpression level of theses LjCLE genes, we conducted real-time PCR analysis with using the T1 lines. As a result, we
obtained 2 LjCLE-RS2-overexpressing lines , 2 LjCLE-RS3-overexpressing lines, and 5 LjCLE43-overexpressing
lines. Furthermore, recently, we evaluated T2 plants of those LjCLE-overexpressing lines by genomic PCR andobtained 1 LiCLE-RS2-overexpressing line, 1 LjCLE-RS3-overexpressing line and 2 LjCLE43-overexpressing linesthat probably possess T-DNA constract homozygously.

PS-1-6

Chemo-morphological Characterization Activities of Pelargonium sidoides DC (Geraniaceae)
Mthiyane P.1, Mavengahama S.2, Opoku A.2 & Kleynhans R.3
1Department of Agriculture, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Jacobs, 4026, RSA
2Department of Agriculture and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zululand, Dlangezwa, 3886,
RSA
3Agricultural Research Council- Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria, 0001,
RSA

Pelargonium sidoides is a medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa used for the treatment of tuberculosis and fevers.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the variability in traits and correlate different morphotypes with coumarins.
Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used to evaluate the morphological variability. Morphologicalcharacterisation of accessions of P. sidoides was done using IPGRI/IITA/BAMBNET list for Bambara groundnut.

The

PCA revealed that the first three principal components exhibited Eigenvalues greater than 1 and explained 74.170% of
the total variability, contributing the entire variable to the morphological variation of the accessions established. Ninegroups of the morphotypes were selected and screened for coumarins using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) andHigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Variation was observed in the coumarins content of morphotypesof P. sidoides. The content of umckalin varied between 13.90 mg/ml and 4.41 mg/ml in the roots of morphotypes and
0.15mg/ml and 3.90 mg/ml in the leaves of morphotypes. The high variation among quantitative characters measured
in studied germplasms indicated that, a good possibility exists of finding desirable traits to meet the demands of bothresearchers and farmers interested in the development of promising cultivars of P. sidoides.
KEYWORDS: Pelargonium sidoides, morphological variation, TLC, HPLC and coumarin.

PS-1-7

Molecular Weight Control of Lignopolyphenol by Neighboring Group Participation
for Improved Biological Activity〇Minami MASAKI1, Keigo MIKAME2
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan
2 Faculty of Agriculture Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

Abstract
Functionalization of lignin requires control of molecular weight and increase of hydroxyl groups. This study showedthat molecular weight control by degradation of lignin polymers and control of hydroxyl groups can improve thefunctionality of lignin. The unique feature of this study is the use of Neighboring Group Participation (NGP) to control
the molecular weight. We obtained various types of phenolated lignin (Lignopolyphenol: LP) using the phase separation
system. The LP was depolymerized under alkaline conditions, and their molecular weights were controlled intentionallybased on the substituent pattern of the phenolic derivatives grafted (Fig. 1).
The introduction of polyhydric phenols resulted in much morehydroxyl groups compared to natural lignin. In addition,
the degraded product was found to have much higher longwavelength UV absorption properties than the original LP.
The degradation products obtained by molecular weightcontrol exhibited various biological activities (antioxidant activity,
antityrosinase activity) comparable to polyphenols.

Fig. 1 Degradation of Catechol and Resorcinol type LP by NGP

PS-1-8

Analysis of the physiologic and metabolic response of wheat plants to over-expression offerredoxin in the chloroplast under changing [CO2] conditions.
1Dorra Fakhet, 2Jon González, 2Alicia Fernández-San Millán, 2Luis Larraya, 1Angie L. Gámez,1Fermín Morales, 1Iker Aranjuelo, 2Jon Veramendi and 2Immaculada Farrán.
1 Institute of Agrobiotechnology (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain.
dorra.fakhet@csic.es angie.gamez@unavarra.es fermin.morales@csic.es iker.aranjuelo@csic.es
2 Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
jon.gonzalez@unavarra.es alicia.fernandez@unavarra.es luis.larraya@unavarra.es jon@unavarra.es
farran@unavarra.es

Ferredoxins (Fds) are a group of small, soluble electron carriers that distribute electrons from PSI to diverse acceptors
involved in several metabolic processes. Previous studies pointed out the relevant role of Fds in plant performance
under changing environmental conditions. In a context of climate change, in order to investigate the role of Fd on
physiologic and metabolic functioning, a wheat wild type (WT) and three transgenic wheat genotypes that over-express
Fd in chloroplasts (OexFd1, OexFd3 and OexFd10) were tested in the current study under ambient (415 ppm) andelevated (700 ppm) [CO2] conditions. Several physiologic and metabolic processes in which Fd plays a crucial role were
determined in flag leaf during early grain filling stage (anthesis). Our results provide clear evidence that, under ambient[CO2] conditions, the overexpression of Fd in the chloroplast increased the photosynthetic rates in transgenic wheat
leaves by improving electron transport rate (ETR), which was due to an enhanced actual PSII efficiency as aconsequence of an increased photochemical quenching (qP) level. However, under elevated [CO2] conditions, theincrease in photosynthetic activity detected in transgenic leaves (OexFd3 and OexFd10) could not be attributed to theeffect of overexpression of Fd on ETR. Under elevated [CO2] conditions, Fd overexpression didn’t induce a significant
effect on ATP levels. However, over expression of Fd had a considerable effect on cellular redox metabolism of wheat
leaves. Under elevated [CO2] conditions, the overexpression of Fd increased the level of NADPH in the leaves of thethree transgenic lines. Also, in two out of three transgenic plants (OexFd1 and OexFd3), NADP+, malate andoxaloacetate levels increased under elevated [CO2], putatively through the conversion of pyruvate to malate andoxaloacetate. Under elevated [CO2] conditions, Fd overexpression might affect alternatively, or in addition, the reducing
equivalent regulation reactions, where the malate/oxaloacetate shuttle is involved. Finally, this study showed that there
was no considerable effect of Fd overexpression on nitrogen metabolism, reflected in similar amino acids concentrationsin flag leaves under elevated [CO2] conditions.

PS-2-1

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Top-Down Predatory Protist in Paddy Field Soils
Seda Bodur Ozer1, Rasit Asiloglu2, Solomon Oloruntoba Samuel3, Kazuki Suzuki4, Naoki Harada2
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
2 Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
3 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Relaigh, NC 27696
4 Institute of Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

Protists are one of the most diverse and dominant microbial groups in the soil ecosystem. Protist community composition
responds differently to biotic and abiotic factors such as geography, climate, soil water content, pH, effects of othermicroorganisms, root exudates, and inorganic or organic fertilizers. Among them, nitrogen fertilizer is one of the mostimportant factors affecting protist diversity and community composition. Although various nitrogen fertilizer types areused in paddy fields, still less is known about the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on protist community composition.
In this study, we aimed to reveal the short-term effects of different nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium chloride, potassium
nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and organic fertilizer) on thecomposition of protist communities in three soil types with distinct physicochemical properties. The protist community
composition was analyzed with a high-throughput sequencing method. The majority of the protists in paddy field soils
were identified as predators and decomposers, followed by photoautotrophs and parasites. Taxonomical classification
showed that Stramenopiles, Rhizaria, Amoebozoa, and Archaeplastida were dominant in all soil types. N-fertilizers had
distinctive effects on taxonomic and functional protist groups. Amoebozoa and Rhizaria were the most affected protist
taxonomical groups, while consumers (predators and decomposers) were the main functional groups that were affectedby the N-fertilizers. A detailed analysis of the top 20 N-affected protist sequences showed that 65% of them werepredators of bacteria. Overall, our results showed that N-fertilizers affect protist communities and functionalities,
especially predatory protists. Considering the top-down effect of predators on soil bacterial communities, the change inthe predator community can indirectly affect the soil food-web. Our results provide a new perspective on the involvementof nitrogen in the trophic relationships between protists and bacteria.

PS-2-2

Low input of top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer to rice plants positively affects alcohol fermentationin sake brewing using the grains
1Takuji Miyamoto, 1Ikuhisa Nishida, 2Norikuni Ohtake, 1,2,3Dai Hirata
1 Sakeology Center, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
2 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
3 Niigata Sake Brewers Association, Niigata, Japan

Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers contributes to improved crop productivity. However, the manufacture of N fertilizers
requires the burning of fossil fuels to fix atmospheric N2. In addition, the intensive use of N fertilizers enriches reactive
N compounds, leading to soil acidification, water eutrophication, and atmospheric pollution. Thus, to establish asustainable agricultural system, reducing N fertilizer use is urgently required. In this study, we cultivated rice (Oryza
sativa) plants with varying dosages of top-dressing N and evaluated the impacts of low-N input on sake fermentationand quality using the grains. Our results provide beneficial information for establishment of ecologically friendly
production of rice grains and its-derived products.
Alcohol fermentation by sake yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was enhanced in the sake brewing test using ricegrains produced under a low level of N applied as top-dressing fertilizer compared with that using rice grains produced
under higher levels of N applied. The use of rice grains from the low-N treatment yielded a higher volume of sake witha higher alcohol concentration and decreased amino acid concentrations. Our analysis data also suggest that varying
dosages of N fertilizer applied to rice plants affects the digestibility of grains, as well as the protein content.
Mechanism(s) underlying the positive impacts on alcohol fermentation in sake brewing using the grains from the low-N
treatment is(are) being further investigated.

PS-2-3

Effect of poultry manure on crop growth
1Shinya Yamada, 1Sharula, 1 Iffet Cakirsoy, 2Takuji Miyamoto, 3Saki Shimamoto, 3Shinobu
Fujimura, 3Yoshitaka Motonaga, 3Kuni Sueyoshi, 3Norikuni Ohtake
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan
2 Sakeology Center, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan
3 Dept. of Appl. Biol. Chem., Fac. of Agric., Niigata Univ., Niigata, JapanThe effect of poultry manure compost fertilizer on crops was investigated. 28-day-old female chunky strain broilers were
fed a diet with dried bonito by-product for 10 days and poultry manure were collected. Compost fertilizer was preparedby mixing poultry manure, rice husks, and rice bran at 30:5:1, respectively. The experiment was also conducted withthree types of poultry manure: one with 3% dried bonito flakes mixed in the feed given to the chickens, one with 5%
bonito flakes mixed in the feed, and one without bonito flakes mixed in the feed. The dried bonito flakes were added in
the hope of increasing the nitrogen content in the poultry manure and changing the composition of the nitrogencomponent.
These poultry manure compost fertilizers were applied to Edamame and Chinese cabbage. The concentration of driedbonito residue in the diet had little effect on the effect of compost fertilizer on the crop. Compared to chemical fertilizer,
the composted chicken manure tended not to secure initial growth. To ensure initial growth, these organic fertilizers are
expected to be effective when combined with chemical fertilizers

PS-2-4

Title Anthocyanins and virus accumulation in BYDV-PAV-infected Brachypodium distachyon
Author(s) 〇 Kaname Iizuka, Nami Minato
Graduate school of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, JAPAN

Plant viruses induce various disease symptoms on their host plants, thereby leading to yield loss in crops. Barley yellow
dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) has huge economic importance across continents by infecting cereal plants such as
barley and wheat via aphids. BYDV-PAV induces symptoms such as dwarf, leaf yellowing, and reddening, although themechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we addressed how BYDV-PAV induced leaf reddening symptoms in
Brachypodium distachyon by quantifying accumulation of anthocyanins and virus. First, the accumulation ofanthocyanins in BYDV-PAV-infected B. distachyon was quantified at 14, 21, and 28 days post inoculation (dpi).
Anthocyanin levels were significantly increased in red leaves of virus-infected plants compared to healthy leaves of noninfected plants. These results suggested that the significant accumulation of anthocyanins is associated with leaf
reddening in BYDV-PAV-infected B. distachyon. Next, we quantified virus accumulation in BYDV-PAV-infected plants
every 7 days from 14 dpi to 98 dpi in spring by RT-qPCR. In BYDV-PAV-infected plants virus accumulation was
significantly increased from 42 to 49 dpi, and gradually decreased by 84 dpi. The viral accumulation peaked at 49 dpi
in the second iteration in autumn, suggesting that the temporal dynamism of virus accumulation in B. distachyon may
not depend on the environmental conditions.

PS-2-5Single infection of barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) has negative effects on preference
and performance of insect vector compared to co-infection with the relative virus species.
Kai Nakagawa1, Shuichi Hatori1, Nami Minato1,2
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, JAPAN2 Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, JAPAN

Plants frequently interact with multiple viruses simultaneously. In recent years, increased attention has focused on thetripartite interactions of plant, insect-borne virus, and insect vector. Virus acquisition alters the host selection of its insect
vectors for virus spread. We have shown that barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) manipulates the host selection
behavior of its vector aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. BYDV-PAV single-infection on wheat reduces the attraction ofviruliferous aphids compared to non-infection and co-infection with cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS (CYDV-RPS). In thisstudy, we explored the impacts of two virus species on aphid preferences to single- and co-infected host plants.
Viruliferous aphids carrying CYDV-RPS significantly preferred co-infected plants compared to BYDV-PAV singleinfected and non-infected plants. We next investigated how virus single- and co-infection on host plants affectphysiological traits of the nonviruliferous vector insects. Aphids weighed less on the single-infected relative to noninfected plants, whereas body size had no significant difference between the treatments. These results indicate that thevirus infection on host plants affected vector growth, thereby leading viruliferous aphids to prefer co-infected plants for
spreading multiple viruses.

PS-2-6

Evolution of plantago asiatica mosaic virus through long-term passages in Nicotiana plants andits impact on host adaptation
1Daisuke Nakamura, 1Nami Minato, 2Minako Furuya, 2Ken Komatsu, 3Shin-Ichi Fuji
1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, JAPAN;
2Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo, JAPAN;
3Faculty of Bioresource Science, Akita Prefectural Univ., Akita, JAPAN

Many plant viruses that are considered as a major constraint for crop production frequently infect perennial wild plants.
Generally, viruses in wild plant communities have high intraspecific genetic diversity compared to those isolated from
cultivated crops. Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV), a destructive pathogen causing necrosis symptoms in Lilium
crops, naturally infects many wild plant species. PlAMV isolates infecting wild plants are genetically more diverse thanthose from ornamental lilies. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged full-length cDNA clone of PlAMV-Vi (PlAMVViGFP) infects systemically Nicotiana benthamiana without apparent symptoms. In this study, we investigated theevolution and host adaptation of PlAMV-ViGFP in N. benthamiana through long-term serial passages. Serial passagingof the virus in N. benthamiana by mechanical inoculation resulted in the appearance of the new virus line inducing leaf
crinkle symptoms and 2 weeks earlier accumulation in non-inoculated upper leaves. The 14th passaged line ofasymptomatic PlAMV-ViGFP accumulated to non-inoculated leaves 1 week earlier than the original virus. These results
suggested that the new virus lines improved replication and/or movement for host adaptation. Compared with theoriginal PlAMV-ViGFP, the passaged leaf crinkle line had mutational differences with 12 nucleotide changes, resulting in
the 5 amino acid changes scattered through the viral genome. Consequently, long-term serial passaging ofasymptomatic PlAMV in a single plant host species resulted in increased virulence and host adaptation. This long-term
passaging experimental system can be applied to Lilium crops and wild plants for further virulence evolution analysis.

PS-2-7The exposure of maize seedlings to weed volatiles affects their growth and seed quality
Yusuke Sakurai1, Satomi Ishizaki1, Nami Minato2, Yasuko Hayashi1, Shota Izumi3, Takuma
Yoshida3, Kaori Shiojiri3 and Junji Takabayashi4
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan; 2 Faculty of Aguliculture,
Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan; 3 Department of Agriculture, Ryukoku Univ., Otsu, Japan; 4 Center for
Ecological Research, Kyoto Univ., Otsu, Japan

Plants exposed to volatiles emitted from damaged conspecific or heterospecific plants exhibit increased resistance toherbivorous insects. We examined whether volatiles from artificially damaged weeds can be used in maize cultivation
by affecting their resistance, growth and reproduction. Seven days after germination, maize seedlings were exposed tovolatiles emitted by artificially damaged mugwort or tall goldenrod plants either separately, or as a mixture of the two,for seven days. Treated and control (unexposed) seedlings were cultivated in an experimental field without any
insecticides applied. Plants exposed to either of the three volatile treatments sustained significantly less damage thancontrols. Seedlings exposed to either goldenrod or mixed volatiles produced more leaves and tillers than control plants.
Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of ears was observed in plants exposed to the volatile mixture. In alltreated plants, ear sugar content was significantly higher than that in the controls. Further, we cultivated seedlings thatwere either exposed to the volatile mixture or unexposed, under the conventional farming method using pesticides.
Similar significant differences were observed for sugar content, number of tillers, leaves, damaged leaves, and ears. In
the laboratory experiments, a significant reduction in the growth of common armyworm larvae was observed whenmaize plants were exposed to the volatile mixture. In addition, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection was also
suppressed. Exposure to the volatile mixture increased salicylic acid content in the seedlings, although the amount ofjasmonic acid was not affected. Our results suggest that seedling exposure to the weed volatiles can increase the seed
quality and resistance against herbivores and pathogens of maize plants.

PS-2-8

Peanut photosynthesis response to drought can include diffusive and biochemical limitations
depending on cultivar
1,2David Soba, 3Summer Parker, 3Charles Chen, 4Avat Shekhoofa, 3Alvaro Sanz-Saez
1 Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
2 Agrobiotechnology Institute (IdAB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Government ofNavarre, Spain
3 Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
4 Plant science Department, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Jackson, TN, USA

Photosynthesis is one of the key processes to be affected by water deficit via decreased CO2 diffusion and metabolic
constraints. However, there is still no unified consensus of the weight of each mechanism on the drought response.
This research assessed the underlying limitations to photosynthesis in nine peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes
grown in pots under progressive drought. In order to test performance of genotypes, growth, transpiration per plant,gas exchange measurements (leaf and canopy level), chlorophyll florescence and A-Ci response curves were analyzed
under drought and well water conditions. In general, drought first affected photosynthesis (at leaf and canopy level)by stomatal closure and then by chlorophyll florescence in all genotypes but at different rates. Maximum rate ofcarboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) were not affected during the onset of thedrought but were at the end with the exception of some drought resistant cultivars. Nevertheless, Vcmax decreased
more accutely than Jmax on these cultivars, suggesting than Rubisco carboxylation was more affected than RuBP
regeneration. When taken together, and with transpiration per plant data, different drought responses were observed
differentiating water spender and water saver drought tolerant genotypes and drought sensitive ones. Findingspresented here highlight the importance of genetic variation in photosynthetic peanut response to drought whichshould be considered when breeding for future climates.

PS-2-9Target role of stomatal aperture on leaf metabolism and growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) underambient and elevated [CO2]
María Ancín1, Koh Iba2, Iker Aranjuelo1
1 Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain;
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812–8151, Japan

Stomatal opening (gs) is a target factor regulating CO2 uptake and water evaporation, and consequently crop
performance in terrestrial ecosystems. Further, according to previous studies, among other factors, stomatal opening
has been described to be involved in the photosynthetic acclimation process of plants under elevated [CO2]. However,despite of its relevancy, little is known about the impact of different stomatal aperture ranges on rice leaf physiology andmetabolism. In this study, we provide a physiological and proteomic characterization of leaves in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
plants grown under ambient (415 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) [CO2]. For this purpose, rice cultivars with different
stomatal opening such as IR64, Taichung 65 and SLAC1-deficient mutant (with limited capability to regulate stomatal
opening) were characterized.
The current study showed that the plants with the lowest gs values (IR64), were the ones in which the exposure to 700
ppm showed the higher photosynthetic down-regulation linked with an impaired N metabolism. In the other hand,
Taichung 65 plants showed a higher responsiveness to [CO2], being capable to double their biomass thanks to the upregulation of several proteins linked with light capture/management and CO2 diffusion. Finally, in case of SLAC1
mutants, regardless [CO2], those were the plants that showed the highest gs values, together with the highest
transpiration rates. Moreover, those plants showed a remarkable diminishment of water transport aquaporins and theoverexpression of stress related proteins, that revealed the deleterious impact of un-controlled stomatal opening onplant physiology and growth. In summary, the current study showed that, regulation of stomatal opening is a target
process with a potential double effect (positive or negative) that has an important impact on leaf metabolism andresponsiveness to changing [CO2].

PS-2-10 Impact of biostimulants on wheat plants grown under climate change conditions
Picazo P.J., Morales F. and Aranjuelo I.

Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192
Mutilva, Spain.
pedro.picazo@csic.es, fermin.morales@csic.es and iker.aranjuelo@csic.es
The use of biostimulants in agriculture is a promising approach to promote crop growth in a sustainable way. Further,biostimulants have been described to enhance the productivity, resilience and development of crops in stressful growth
conditions. In this study, 4 different high yielding bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were grown under
different [CO2] (415 versus 800 ppm) and water availability (fully irrigated versus irrigated at 50% of full irrigation)
conditions. Inoculation with biostimulants, provided by Atens S.L. (Tarragona, Spain), was carried out in half of the plants
prior to germination. For this purpose, seeds were immersed in solution containing a plant growth promoter
microorganisms association including 3 different species such as Bacillus megaterium, Rhizoglomus irregular andTrichoderma koningii. Crop biomass, gas exchange, leaf protein and nitrogen concentration analyses were carried out
when the plant reached heading stage. Obtained results showed significant genotypic differences on growth, physiologic
and metabolic traits. Biostimulant application tended to increase photosynthetic activity and plant growth, such effectwas especially remarkable under ambient [CO2] and waters stress conditions. Further, significant differences in crop
biomass and CO2 assimilation were found mainly in the water availability and the [CO2] treatments. Also, significant
differences in carbon-nitrogen ratio and protein concentration were found under drought and elevated [CO2] treatments.
Leaf protein values differed among the genotypes and the different [CO2] and water availability conditions. These data
show the relevance of a deeper study of the overall effects of the biostimulant applications, the mechanisms that
promote plant-microorganism association and its effects in the plant alongside the factor of water stress and high [CO2].

PS-2-11 Hyperspectral devices applied to the determination of alfalfa nutritional quality traits
1,2Angie Gámez, 3Thomas Vatter, 3Jose Luis Araus, 2Iker Aranjuelo
1 NAFOSA company, Avenida Leizaur 79, Peralta, Navarre – Spain;
2 Agrobiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC – Government of Navarre – Mutilva, Spain;
3

Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University
Barcelona and AGROTECNIO, Lleida Spain.

of

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) alfalfa is a key crop in cattle feed. The nutritional quality of this plant is usually analysed bytime and cost demanding laboratory chemical methods. Within this context, near-infrared (NIRs) reflectancespectroscopy has

been broadly applied in forage crop nutritional characterization. However, high resolution

spectroradiometer (350 nm – 2500nm) has been less explored in alfalfa, particularly when assessed directly in thefield. The main objective of this study is to estimate quality parameters in commercial alfalfa plants (grown in different
field trials and environmental conditions) using a full range spectroradiometer. Reflectance spectra were recorded witha portable spectroradiometer (FieldSpec 4) at canopy

and leaf levels. Such spectra were used for the development ofmodels aiming to predict biomass production, leaf pigments, sugars, protein and mineral content. Climatic conditions
and phenology stages were included as predictors into the models.

Our results showed that climatic variables andphenology increase the accuracy up to 14% in the models. The best prediction models applied in test sets, according
the variance explained (R2), were obtained for biomass (0.74), sucrose (0.68),

flavonoids (0.62), protein (0.60),

nitrogen (0.64), zinc (0.53) and phosphorus (0.52); with normalized root mean squared errors between 0.09 and 0.30. In
conclusion, the use of high-resolution spectral methods at field conditions might be a base for aevaluate quality parameters in alfalfa.

rapid screening toPS-3-1

Development of Liquid Fertilizer Using Recovered Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge Ash andApplication to Cultivation of Crop (Japanese mustard spinach)〇Hikari Fukushima1, Sayano Hiyoshi1, Naoto Miyamoto1, Naoki Kano1, Norikuni Otake2, HeeJoon Kim3
1 Chem. & Chem. Eng. Program, Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2 Appl. Lif. Sci. Program, Fac. of Agri., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
3 Dep. of Environ. Chem., Fac. of Advanced Eng., Kogakuin Univ., Tokyo, Japan;

Recently, the demand of fertilizers is increasing due to increase of the food consumption by population growth indeveloping countries and the use of biofuel energy. However, phosphorus resources are distributed at limited regionsin few countries. Therefore, securing domestic phosphorus resource in Japan is very important. We developed the newrecovery process of phosphorus from sewage sludge ash, and the process is consisted of both acid and alkaline elution
and precipitation steps, namely “Two-step Elution method”. In this study, we have performed the cultivation of crop byusing the final precipitation from sewage sludge with adding acids (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) as liquid fertilizer.
The purpose of this work is to develop an efficient process for recovering phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge ash, andto investigate the usability of final precipitation as liquid fertilizer.
After recovering P as hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) from sewage sludge ash, the synthesis of liquid fertilizer was
performed. In the synthesis of liquid fertilizer, the supply of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are conducted by adding
reagents such as NaNO₃, (NH₄)₂SO₄and KOH. Their molar ratio of the fertilizer is N:K:P=10:10:8. In addition, iron (Fe)was added with FeSO4 along with EDTANa. After that, pH was adjusted to 6-7 by using NaOH. Furthermore, theessential trace element was also added. Then the liquid fertilizer was diluted based on the concentration of K in
Hawkland nutrient medium, The crop used in this work is Japanese mustard spinach: “Komatsuna”. A plant
environmental control system (LPH-220N, Nippon Medical & Chemical Instruments Co. LTD, Japan) was used tocultivate Japanese mustard spinach from the seed.
Consequently, the following results were mainly obtained: (1) The final precipitate recovered from sewage sludge ash
by Two-step Elution method contains high contents of phosphorus (more than 80% recovery) and low contents of heavy
metals. (2) The final precipitate mainly consists of hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) and can be effectively used as
fertilizer. (3)From the application to cultivation of Japanese mustard spinach, the fertilization effect was clearly found.

Particularly, the effect was remarkable when preparing liquid fertilizer with adding hydrochloric acid.

PS-3-2

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the percentage of soybean rhizobia carrying hupS and hupL
genes.
1Mana Ishikawa, 1Ayaka Tanbo, 2Masaya Yamada, 3Takashi Miyamoto, 1Kuni Sueyoshi, 2Iffet
Cakirsoy, 2Soushi Takeda, 1Norikuni Ohtake
1 Dept. of Appl. Biol. Chem., Fac. of Agric., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan
3 Sakeology Center, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;

Soybean root nodules are known to change their infection numbers, development, and nitrogen fixation in plant roots
depending on the nitrogen concentration in the rhizosphere. There are two types of soybean rhizobacteria: Hup+ strains,which can recover hydrogen generated during nitrogen fixation, and Hup- strains, which cannot recover hydrogen. It
has been reported that Hup+ nodules can increase the growth and yield of soybean.
In this study, we investigated the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the total dry weight of soybean
plants and the number of rhizoids, as well as the saprophytic ratio of Hup+ and Hup- strains when grown in the Igarashi
sandy field at Niigata University. The figure of a plant changed when nitrogen fertilizer was increased in soybean
cultivation. The proportion of nodules carrying both hupS and hupL genes decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer
application. This suggests that the nitrogen nutrient status of the soil changes the strain of soybean nodules.

PS-3-3

Conservation Agriculture to preserve soils and to improve plant growth
1Wiyao BANAKINAOU and 1,2Tadao AODA
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ. Niigata, Japan;
2 Dept. of Watershed Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata Univ. Niigata, JapanTo preserve soil in various climate, Conservation Agriculture (CA) is spread widely in the world. CA has three mainprinciples as follows; 1) Minimum or no tillage, 2) Organic multi to prevent erosion and evaporation, and 3) Variety crop
rotation. In this study, we compared soil properties and yield on three plots, set respectively for conservation agriculture(CA), organic farming (OF), and conventional cultivation (CC). The experiment fields are in Japan (Ikarashi campus,
Niigata Univ., sandy unripe soil) and Togo (Zio, Agbelouve, clay soil). In Japan, we set up three plots (CA, OF, CC). In
Togo, we set up two plots (CA, CC). The prototypes were soybean (Glycine max), corn (Zea mays), and mini-tomato(Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). Only soybean and corn are planted in Togo. In Niigata, tomato yield at the
CA plot has 8 times higher than OF. At the CA plot in Togo, the yield of corn was 1.4 times higher than OF plot. This
yield was 2 times higher than the average of this area from 2015 to 2020 in Togo. Practicing conservation agriculture
contributed to reducing soil hardness, decreasing hydraulic conductivity, and improving crop yield. However, theadoption of this practice is still low in Japan, and non-existent in Togo.

PS-3-4

Microplastic Contamination on Turkish Arable Land due to Sewage Sludge Application
Serhat Murat Comert1, Muhittin Onur Akca2, Oguz Can Turgay2, Kazuki Suzuki3, Naoki Harada4
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye
3 Institute of Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
4 Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

Traditionally, studies of microplastic contamination have focused on the aquatic environment; however, recent research
has identified the significance of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems. Sewage sludge is often used as an agricultural
fertilizer, with approximately 50% of sludge being recycled in this way in Europe and North America. The application of
sewage sludge to farmland has been theoretically estimated as one of the largest sources of microplastics in theenvironment. In this study, soil samples were taken from 0-5 cm depth in a field in the Konya region of Turkiye, where
sewage sludge was used as a fertilizer. It was determined that the texture of the soil was clayey, the organic matter
level was moderate, and the soil was non-saline and neutral. Sewage sludge was applied to the soil at 50 kg ha-1 for
one year growing period. NaCl (1.2 g cm-3) solution was used to extract microplastics in the soil sample. The number ofmicroplastic particles in the soil where sewage sludge was applied was 347 particles kg-soil-1. The two dominant formsof the sample were “fiber” and “fragment”. The mean size of fiber-type microplastics was 0.41±0.05 mm. The mean sizeof fragment-type microplastics was 0.64±0.17 mm. After this step, Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to investigate the substances of the microplastics in the sewage sludge
applied, and it was found that the dominant polymer type was polyethylene (PE). As a result, these findings confirm
that using sewage sludge in agriculture leads to a significant microplastic accumulation in the soil. In Japan, the national
and prefectural governments have developed their own new varieties of rice, and there are more than 300 varieties.
Despite the large number of varieties, several new varieties of rice are introduced to the market every year. In order for
new brands of rice to survive market competition, it is necessary to further clarify the value of each brand more thanever before.

PS-3-5

Determination of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases Using UAV and Soil Fluxes Capturing with
Ground Survey
1Iaroslav Zakharevich, 2Hideo Hasegawa, 2Hirohiko Nagano
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
2 Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan

The increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, primarily due to human activities, has led to extreme weather
conditions, posing a threat to food security and human needs. Despite many efforts and initiatives to understand andmitigate carbon emissions, inaccuracies in understanding the patterns of emission sources, accumulation, anddistribution remain. Our project is targeted for understanding the carbon cycle and its implications for climate change,
and for developing effective strategies to mitigate its impact on the environment. This study evaluates the feasibility ofusing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and ground-based gas chambers to measure the impact of agriculture on
climate change. The first experiment involves measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide using a UAV equipped with asensor, sample collection pump, and GPS module. The second experiment uses gas chambers to analyze carbon
dioxide emissions from soil and assess the effects of different fertilization techniques on soil gas flux. The atmosphericcarbon dioxide measurements using the UAV showed seasonal fluctuations, with the lowest CO2 value recorded inAugust at 412.5 ppm and the highest level in May at 417.7 ppm. The variability in the content of carbon dioxide wasfound to be up to 5.2 ppm. The soil gas flux chamber-based system showed that the plot under compost fertilizer had
the highest activity, with CO2 emissions of 4.73 μmol m-2s-1, while the deep fertilizer placement test plot had the lowest
CO2 emissions of 2.02 μmol m-2s-1. Results show that vegetation coverage has a significant impact on atmosphericcarbon dioxide levels, and various fertilization types have different effects on soil gas flux.

PS-3-6

Synthesis of chitosan based new materials for adsorption of heavy metal
Enkhtuya Majigsuren1, Ulziidelger Byambasuren1, Munkhpurev Bat-Amgalan1,2, Naoki Kano3,
Nasanjargal Shirendev1, 〇Ganchimeg Yunden1
1 Dept. of Chem. Eng., School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian Univ. of Sci. and Technol., Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia;
2 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
3 Chem. & Chem. Eng. Program, Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;

In this research work, a new type of adsorbent bead material was obtained using chitosan and kaolin. The kaolin was
produced from the clay of the "Tsogt-Ovoo" deposit in the Umnogovi province of Mongolia. The kaolin was treated withacid and heat to remove its mechanical impurities from the clay. The mixtures of chitosan and kaolin were taken withvarious ratios (8:1, 8:2, and 8:3) for chemical processing to obtain a chitosan-based adsorbent bead. It was determinedthat the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent bead was the highest for chromium ion (Cr(VI)) when the chitosan andkaolin mass ratio 8:2. The adsorption properties of Cr(VI) were studied depending on the pH of the solution, time,
temperature, initial concentration of chromium ion solution, and mass of adsorbent material. The adsorption efficiency
was the highest (80.25%) when the initial concentration of the chromium ion was 50 mg/l at the following condition;
pH=3, temperature 25 oC, time 3 hours, and the mass of the adsorbent material 0.1 g. It shows that the chitosan-based
adsorbent bead can be used for the removal of chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions.

PS-3-7Fabrication and characterization of low-cost ceramic membrane developed with cross-linked
chitosan for ultrafiltration of Cr(VI)〇Munkhpurev Bat-Amgalan1, 2, Naoto Miyamoto3, Naoki Kano3, Ganchimeg Yunden2,
Hee-Joon Kim3, 4
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2 Dept. of Chem. Eng., School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian Univ. of Sci. and Technol., Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia;
3 Chem. & Chem. Eng. Program, Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
4 Dep. of Environ. Chem., Fac. of Advanced Eng., Kogakuin Univ., Tokyo, Japan;

Water pollution has become one of the major problems in recent years. In particular, heavy metals in water bodies are
causing concern due to their high toxicity even at low concentrations. Membrane filtration technologies for removal ofheavy metals have attracted great attention. This work presents the preparation of a ceramic membrane from ultrafine
raw starting materials and the development of a chitosan top layer. The ceramic membranes were sintered attemperatures ranging from 950 to 1150°C for 1 and 3 hours. Various factors including pure water flux, water absorption
and compressive strength were examined to determine the membrane performance. Additionally, cross-linked chitosan
is fabricated as an adsorptive layer for the removal of heavy metal. Thereby, the prepared composite membrane can beused both adsorbent and separator for heavy metals in the single step process with good removal efficiency, flux,
uniform structure, excellent reusability, chemical and mechanical durability. Thus, this study promised that the ceramic
membrane layered with chitosan can be an effective, environmentally friendly and broad application for the treatmentof heavy metals and sewage purification.

PS-3-8

Effect of chelating agents (EDTA, NTA) on phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil by
Helianthus Annuus〇Muhammad Nabil Md Sari1, David Eva Vanessa Anak1, Naoto Miyamoto2, Naoki Kano2
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2 Dept. of Chem. and Chem. Eng., Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

Heavy metal contamination of soil is typically brought on by air pollution or by contamination of river systems, and it isdifficult to remove heavy metals from polluted soil. Exhaust emissions of leaded gasoline are significant contributors to
Pb soil contamination around highways. Nonferrous metals, fertilizers, chemical herbicides, insecticides, and sewage
sludge are additional sources of Pb contamination. As the absorbance of heavy metals causes serious harm to humans,
plants, and animals, there is an urgency to find the best solution to soil contamination. In this study, phytoremediation
by Helianthus Annuus (H. Annuus) was adopted to remediate Pb-contaminated soil. However, successful
phytoextraction requires metal hyperaccumulation to the above-ground portion of the plants for harvest, although this islimitedbymetalbioavailability.

Hence,

we

proposetheadditionofchelatingagents,specificallyethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) to increase the solubility of heavy metals in soil
and to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation. The concentration of chelating agents was varied to search for themost optimal condition. The content of Pb was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Translocation Factor (TF) value was calculated to determine the ability of plants to transportheavy metal from the roots to the shoots.

PS-3-9Removal of Cadmium in Soil by Phytoremediation Using Helianthus Annuus & Marigold and by
Washing Method Using Ferric Chloride〇Saya Ito1, David Eva Vanessa Anak2, Naoto Miyamoto1, Naoki Kano1
1 Chem. & Chem. Eng. Program, Fac. of Eng., Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan;
2 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

In this study, two remediation methods such as phytoremediation and washing method using chemical solvent wereused to investigate inexpensive and efficient methods for removing cadmium (Cd) from soil. In phytoremediation,
Helianthus Annuus and Marigold were used as remediation plants. Chelating agents (EDTA and NTA) were also used
to assist the absorption capacity of Cd by the plants. Cd solution and chelating agents were added to the soil and theplants were grown in an environmental control system. After harvest, the biomass was measured and the uptake of Cd
in the shoots and roots was determined by ICP-AES. In the washing method, ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used as achemical solvent, and paddy soil was employed. After the soil and FeCl3 were stirred at prescribed time, theconcentration of Cd in liquid portion was determined by ICP-AES. Consequently, the following results were mainly
obtained: (1) In Helianthus Annuus, the amount of Cd accumulation was higher in the roots than in the shoots. Also,
NTA was more effective than EDTA. (2) In Marigold, the amount of Cd accumulation was higher in the shoots than in
the roots. (3) Optimal conditions for removing Cd in paddy soil by FeCl3 were as follows: the concentration of FeCl3 was
1.2 M, solid-liquid ratio was 1.0 g :20 mL, shaking time was 1 hour, and shaking temperature was 298 K.

PS-4-1

Extremely Long Chains of Magnetic Particles via Large Plastic Beads Dispersed in Magnetic
Elastomers
Rio Urano, Shota Akama, Mika Kawai, Tetsu Mitsumata
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

Magnetic elastomer is one of stimuli-responsive soft materials, whose elasticity increases when a magnetic field isapplied. We have studied thus far the methodologies for amplifying the magnetorheological effect of magnetic
elastomers. It was found that bimodal magnetic elastomers consisting of magnetic and nonmagnetic particles showeda significant magnetorheological effect compared to monomodal magnetic elastomers. In this study, the relationshipbetween the magnetorheology of bimodal magnetic elastomers with high concentrations (60 vol.%) of plastic beads withdiameters of 8 µm or 200 µm and the meso-structure of the particles was investigated. Dynamic viscoelasticity
measurements revealed that the change in storage modulus of the bimodal elastomer with 200 µm beads was 2.8×105
Pa at a magnetic field of 370 mT. The change in the storage modulus for monomodal elastomer without beads was
4.9×104 Pa. The bimodal elastomer with 8 µm beads hardly responded to the magnetic field. In-situ observation for theparticle morphology was carried out using synchrotron X-ray computed tomography. For the bimodal elastomer with
200 µm beads, a highly aligned structure of magnetic particles was observed in the gaps between the beads when themagnetic field was applied. On the other hand, for the bimodal elastomer with 8 µm beads, no chain structure ofmagnetic particles was observed. It was found that the addition of beads with a diameter of 200 µm linked the chains ofmagnetic particles, while beads with a diameter of 8 µm prevented the chain formation of the magnetic particles.

PS-4-2

Research on the Structure of Rice Brand Value- A Case Study of "Koshihikari" and "Koshihikari Niigata University NU1” Kazuki KATSUMI
Master's Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University

1. Background of the study
In Japan, the national and prefectural governments have developed their own new varieties of rice, and there are
more than 300 varieties. Despite the large number of varieties, several new varieties of rice are introduced to themarket every year. In order for new brands of rice to survive market competition, it is necessary to further clarify thevalue of each brand more than ever before.
2. Outline of this study
This study presents the structure of rice brand value. The subjects are (1) "Koshihikari," the most widely produced
variety in Japan as a maturity brand, and (2) "Koshihikari Niigata University NU No. 1," a new variety with hightemperature and high CO2 tolerance as a budding brand. This study was conducted through interviews with (1)suppliers, (2) consumers, and (3) BIT (brand incubation third parties). As a result, a total of 1136 value-related terms
were extracted for Koshihikari and 433 for NU1. The extracted words were structured as brand values based on thedefinition of brand value given by Wada et al. (2021). In addition, values common to all three were extracted ascore values. The brand values indicated by the results of this survey are as follows. Values common to both NU1and Koshihikari include the ideational value "Niigata" and "best," and the sensory value "delicious," "sweet," and"luster". The characteristic values of Koshihikari are: ideational value "Niigata," "Uonuma," "high quality," "best," andrelational value "famous," "standard" etc. The characteristic values of NU1 include the ideational value "Koshihikari"and "new," and the relational value "cooperation," "support," and "expectation” etc.
3.reference
Wada et al (2021), Brand Incubation Strategy; Brand value co-creation by leveraging the power of the third,
Yuhikaku Publishing