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BSJ-Review 1: 42 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 43 (2010)

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Distribution and diversity of cyanobacteria revealed by molecular approaches
Keywords: cyanobacteria; microbial ecology; molecular biology.
Satoshi Ohkubo
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
Yoshida-nihonmatsucho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan`_
J=Z\EUr=(Ŕ%ƄĨƫ& !zŗƄƅǃ#!ȄǠ%ĞƄŽ"7ūş3ŭş&íõÞ7 ȧƙŵ%$'ŻƃèȧȤűȧűȧȤçŷēƃè#Œȏƃè&Ƅǆ72'3ºŽ3ŏŽ, ǒȟ#¨Ƅ72'26ȧßƁ{'Ŕ%ƃè&Ē­Č!
7 (Whitton & Potts 1999) ȧ'ƄĨ&!(Ń­ !%# íĞƄŽ'ƄĨ;Ĺ5 &7{"ľ2ãŅƏ%Ǫȝ(ȧ$<%Ơȟ'ĞƄŽ $&!;!7' ȧ# #"722ĞƄŽ(ǅƕ"(ǡ %1ȧ'íŔģ3­Č;Ĺ5 &7# úĺ"(%'1ȧƷƏ&(ȞĞȈǣþ#âȡ#
2'ĶŤ Ɔ58! ȧ88ȧĖĨ&47­ȟxÏ÷&(ȏƊ 7ȧƃè'Ğ
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7#ÂƱǇ'2'#íƱǇȥƪſȦ'2'&­ 8ȧÂƱǇ'2'(5& ­ǜ7(ìƄǇô"éŜ72'ȥChroococcalesȦ#©ƄǇôĖĩ;Ǚ 2'ȥPleurocapsalesȦ&ȧƪſ
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2'ȥNostocalesȦ#­ŋ72'ȥStigonematalesȦ&­5878&¸ !ŌȡƱǇ'ĖĨȧƌǰƱǇ3ƔǇôȥakineteȦ'ƿȧHuYyĖſȧƪſ'£ƦƱǇ'ĖĨȧȚȥsheathȦ3
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S. Ohkubo - 1

BSJ-Review 1: 43 (2010)

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7:"(%ȧƄĤƃè'Ōȡçŷē&4!ĖĨ ë¼78ì&2ŽƂƏ&Ĵż¼ƪſ%$(Řƛ%­ȟ ×Ȗ"7.ȧ^HJ=Z\EUr=#Ó)87ÂƱǇJ
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Ur='­ȟ&ĿƆ"7# Ɨ58! 6ȧ16S rRNAǾô%$'çãȁ¯;Ɔ­ôƫƷǤŉ ƫƷ­ȟ&Ɔ58!7 (Woese 1987, Wilmotte & Herdman 2001) ȧƃè'§!'J=Z\EUr=;âȡ7#(ƀÞ'#9}Éǈ"7 )ȧȞĞȈǣþ&4!ǦŲƃè'§ƱǒƱǇĳ&ÿ!ȧĐňŤ&4!Ő¬"7Ʊǒ'µÍ(1%&2Ŵ%# Ɨ58!7 (Amann et al. 1995)
'4 &ȧĖĨǣþ3âȡ&47íŔģǤŉ'ĶŤ&(ÅƂƏȧĬǚƏȏƊ 7"ȧǵđ"(ƃè 5ƑĲŎȃ;Į¬ȧ'çãȁ¯;±Ɔ!íŔģǤŉ;Ǚ ­ôƄŽöƏīŤ Ɔ58!7

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Ravenschlag et al. 2000)ȧDNAh?Eu=t? (Rhee et al. 2004, Small et al. 2001)ȧkPGZjǤŉ
(Handelsman 2004) %$ :8!7zĶȧPCR;ƆǛƏ%ĶŤ#!(ȧëģ³ŷē»ȁGsȗŞťºŤ (DGGE; Muyzer et al. 1993)ȧńƦŕǭ²ȏȂƯĴżíà­ŉ (T-RFLP; Liu etal. 1997)ȧ zŅȇȤŗœǷíà (SSCP; Schwieger & Tebbe, 1998)ȧrfOyjǾôȋKdyIyǤŉ (RISA; Ranjard et al. 2000)ȧǌºrfOyjǾôȋKdyIyǤŉ (ARISA; Cardinale et al.
2004)ȧEuywq?`qryŤ (Lane 1991, Olsen et al. 1986) %$ 785'ĶŤ&(ȧ
88ȉĪ#ƘĪ 6 (de Bruin et al. 2003)ȧƐƏ&Í:īŤ'ǽĭ ġǠ"7J=Z\EUr=&!(ȧ'"2DGGE#Euywq?`qryŤȧ7(85;Ɔ 8."&ľ2íåÑ8! 6ȧŔ%ƃè& !J=Z\EUr='­Č3íŔ
ģ&Ȍ7ĵ%Ɨǡ Ƅ/¬8!7

S. Ohkubo - 2

BSJ-Review 1: 44 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 45 (2010)ab_#-/.+!(+,/K
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6ȧ,-Ïȉ'DNAĴż;çãȁ¯'ǻ&4!­ȕ7ĶŤ"7ĞƄŽƄĨö& !(ȧƃè 5Į¬DNA;Ȇà#!PCRéď;Ǚȧĝ58
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q?`qryŤ(46ȉPCRƅŽȥ )16S rRNAǾô',-§ȉ: Ƭ1500 bpȦ;Ɔ7
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S. Ohkubo - 3

BSJ-Review 1: 45 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 46 (2010)

ìŦȧž&ǯŌȡ%ūá&(ȧSynechococcusă3Prochlorococcusă'4 %^HJ=Z\EUr= ¢Ã! 6ȧßƁ§'zŗƄƅ&2ïü~!7ž&ƱǇȉ0.5- 0.7 µm'
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et al. 1999)8."&­ȕ8Prochlorococcus&(ĕ¤&ǼĢōȥHLàȦ#Ĕ¤&ǼĢōȥLLàȦ 7# Ɨ58! 6ȧ88ŨæĪ#ŮæĪ# ƌ%7YSR&ǼĢƄĨà (ecotype) "7#ǂ 58! (Moore et al. 1998)West and Scanlan (1999) (ȧïǟŦ& !PCR-DGGE;Ɔ!Prochlorococcus'Ǿôà;Ůē°&ǫ+ȧøȓ&HLà ŨæĪ&ȥ10-50 mȦȧLLà ŮæĪ&ȥ50-110 mȦ88­Č!7#;Ĺ5 &.ȧƭū3ßū& !Ǚ:8PCR-DGGE&47Ǥŉ"2ÏŔ'ƀǮ ǡ58 (Zeidner &Béjà 2004)ȧƄĨà õÞ7# Ĺ5 #%
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2003)ūŦ'^HaqwEWw;Ð0'ÂƫƷǁ(§!Ūǹģ'J=Z\EUr="6ȧţ
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植物科学最前線 1: 47 (2010)

ć'Ć%$&Ɩ7^HJ=Z\EUr=(ȧ85#(ƫƷƏ&ƌ%72'"7#Ħ
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ƚƣ&4!ŗƧ&Ĺ5 &%!#łĚ87zĶȧýŌȡ%şƫ& !¢Ã7J=Z\EUr=(ǯŌȡ%ųŢ#(ƌ%7AqwQ'Lake Loosdrecht(ŨýŌȡų"6ȧƪſ'J=Z\EUr= ¢Ã7# Ɨ58!
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EUr=Prochlorothrix hollandica"7#ǂ 58! (Dignum 2003, Pel et al. 2004) ȧ­ȕâȡ3Euywq?`qryŤȧǉǰ­ŉ#PCR-DGGE;Ƴ/Í:íŔģǤŉ'ƵŊȧ¢Ã7J=Z\EUr=(Limnothrix redekei3Pseudoanabaena spp.;Ð0ƫƷǁ&ă7ǝĳ
'Ơ"7# Ĺ5 #% (Zwart et al. 2005).ȧÏøȣ& !Prochlorothrix
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BSJ-Review 1: 47 (2010)

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植物科学最前線 1: 49 (2010)

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植物科学最前線 1: 51 (2010)ūǖ'Ǔƻ'ėț;Ű5ȧAcaryochloris spp.;Ȥħē"Ő¬7#&ĩ· (Ù2).ȧ
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植物科学最前線 1: 52 (2010) % 5ȧPCR-DGGE3Euywq?`qryŤ#īŤ(ȘĎ&ĕ¶%Tys"
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=TCQ
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植物科学最前線 1: 57 (2010)-.0) 29@&'46/<¡ ɒŬƳĖĢ ǁĢɚ ȐƸǂĐǢĢǢ
950-2181 ŬƳĸȧÙ

Úı 2 Bǉ 8050

Geographic structure of seaweed populations on the Japanese coast.
Key words: Geographic structure; Japan; Mitochondria; Seaweed.
Shinya Uwai
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Niigata University
Ikarashi 2, Nishiku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanCB  
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305-8572 ȏòǒ#-ġĂƸÓ 1ɼ1ɼ1Biogeography of a water-bloom forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa
Key words: biogeography; FST Microcystis; MLST; waterbloom.
Yuuhiko Tanabe
Graduate School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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ɤ& "ƽŁïɕ+ȵɤā)?-)>2(ɻ >¤º+¤Ǿ0'ǜÁ>ǘƷ,ė)=ɻ+ǷżɻŮɕǶɄ''8*ïƻǌ*ɤ?¤Ǿ,Ɋǌ*8ɤ?% ɻ'
Y. Tanabe - 2

BSJ-Review 1: 67 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 68 (2010)ǿ ,Ȉư)Ŗȭ& >'ǿ <?>+ŖƩ+&,ɻȵɤɤ?ƽŁïɹ¤Ǿɺɕ+ïƻǌȵɤ'¤Ǿɕ+ĦðɊȵɤ+ɕ*Ǝ+ǐɖȟē?>'ŵĶ?>ɻ
+ɖ¡+'Bȵɤ*;>ɝɤIsolation-by-distance'ß/ (Slatkin 1993)Sulfolobus
islandicus *# %8ɻ
ȵɤ*;>ɝɤȟē?ɻ¤Ǿɕ+ȵɤ+ā*Ɣ%ǜÁ
¼ɘ?% >'İǙá??&,) Sulfolobus islandicus *%,ɻ+gO`vEBÜ6ĺƽƳ*,Ȝ<?) ïƻǌɝɤȟē?+& @ ʅŷǞ,ɶƨ ph+ƨƖ'A-ƄɘƼú*ƽŁɻ4ȁŀȄĆ8<) '<ɻɓȵɤǜÁ,+ĺƽƳǞ*Ɣ1?-èɥ& >'ǿ <?> +gO`vE*,) ƴƐ)ŀȳɻ
ŷǞ*ƽƳïƻh[}zB8<Òȅŀɶ 'ǿ <?% >ƹîɻǞ*;"%,gO`vE+¤Ǿɕ*8ïƻǌɝɤćî >'Ȉ,Ā+ĺƽƳǗǠȀȩ7>'@&>ɻķ+gO`vE+ƽƳïƻĉũ<*1ãɮ,ɻ
(+; )ěŀ+gO`vE*ïƻǌɝɤȴ>ʅɻ > ,gO`vE*ïƻǌɝɤB8<țæ,ʅ''& @(Whitaker et al. 2009)+ãɮ*Ĕ%åǨB >7+~#+Ely}]'%ɻĀ+Ǟ+ǆ)>ěŀBő"gO`vE*# %ƽƳïƻh[}z+ŴƯBȬ1%Ɣȹ>'ǗǠǿ <?>)<ɻƹî4&*ƽƳïƻĉǌǗǠĚɔ?% >Ǟ

, '%ǈÉȐɻíüŀgO`vEɻƤƠŀgO`vE*ɘČ?% =ɻƥƖŀ+gO`v
E*# %,)2'C(Ȭ1<?% ) ǥȀ<,+ãɮ*ƥƖŀgO`vEBƿ%Î=ǵ67ɻŠħ¾;=EJSĲŇuzȓpOyVX`FXBĔȱ'ƽƳïƻĉǌǗ
ǠBȔ"% >0.

 +  đſɲÂƪƛ|ȲƖƘ|\qǦ*%ɻɧǺȎ+ǬƵɻ > ,nzMB3;)ƣɃƳǘȩ&>' >?,EJSɹɧǬɺ'ß-?>uzȓɰɹVEegO`v
Eɺ+āɑǊƽƹȱ& > (éɾA)Ƈ)Ǟɰ+uzȓɰEJSB#>'Ǖ<?%>ɻŲ8~ȍǌ*Ȝ<?>EJSĲŇuzȓ, Microcystis aeruginosaɹpOyVX`FX|I
wNe}Uɺ'Ǟ& > (éɾB)

éɾ A ɦ{Ƣ&ǊƽEJSɻB EJSĲŇuzȓpOyVX`FX+ɯĺɒ´ǓɻǲȄĐĪ9ĲƵǆ)>Ƈ)Syd}ȟē&>#%,?<,ºǞ'%¶ɰ?% ɻƹî,1%
Microcystis aeruginosaɹpOyVX`FX|IwNe}Uɺ~Ǟ'%¶ɰ?% >

Y. Tanabe - 3

BSJ-Review 1: 68 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 69 (2010)

ŷǞ, 3-8m ǝĪ+TGY+ÇǲȄŀ+ƺȐ& >ɻȿĥ,¤+ǲȄɢÖɻĒĂȳBÜC Ĳņǌ*ĀƇ)Syd}BĲŇ>'&Ǖ<?>Ð,+ĀƇ)Syd}Ĳņ*;"%ʁ#+Ǟ*¶ɰ?% ɻɊĆxmw&2'C(ɇ ) 'ɻSyd}Ĳ
ņ+ÒøŀɹôɲŹ*;"%Syd}ĲņýA>ɺ'ǊȜ?')(<ɻƹî&,¯% Microcystis aeruginosa ~Ǟ'%¶ɰ?% > (Otsuka et al. 2001)ŷǞƖɩȼ*ƣɃ% >+,ɻ
ǲȄ±*LXȄ'ß-?>ƣȘ+ĵ¿BżäċBŴ% >7& >
ŷǞ,ǃ&¶Ģǘȩ?% =ɻƱģó&,ħɕBȿ%ǊƽȜ<?>ɻŧŷBÜ6
ƨģó&, *þĈBĻ*ǊƽȜ<?>ŷǞ*;>EJS+Ǌƽ,ɻƴ*Ǌƽķŵ* >ȆŞ*;>łȉ+Ǌƽ|EJSƏɵ+Ȓǟ*ȴæ>ĩĜ+ɍƋǦ+ƖƼúãɮBĮȴ<*Ʀ½)ãɮ'%ɻŷǞ+~ɋ+¤,pOyVX]z'SƓǱBŜµ>'

ĿŀȂƭBĮȴEJ

'œ<?>ĎɞɻŷǞEJSÜŴƖ+Ȫɱ*;>Ɠŝ

ǃÕï&şǊǌ*öÝ?% >'<ɻ1995 ħ*, WHOɹǃ¢¦Ɗɖɺ,pOyVX]
z+ɱţƖ* >ÜŴƷ+LGcuGz+ɹ1µg/l ɺBȤƹî8ǃ+ɱţƖƫ*%ɻ×ǞEJSË.×Ǟ+#>pOyVX]z+ǎȞǹ<?% >
×pOyVX`FX*¶ɰ?>¤& "%8ɻŴƓ'ƯƓ+¤ćî>7ɻŴƓ
EJS+ǎȞ'Ďȶ+ļțŀ<ɻȀBȯº>ȧ5ŠĀȔA?% >16S rDNA

(Otsuka et al. 2001) 9 ITS (Janse et al. 2004) +; ) ɳŽ5+ǮǸo}K}*,4=ɻcpcBA
ɹjFSVEdzTktd^bɊĆīɺ+; )­ÖŇƽƳƴǆǌo}K} (Tillett et al. 2002)
9EJSƓǱpOyVX]z+ƽÖŇɊĆ mcy (Tanabe et al. 2004) )(ɻ
Ƈ)ɊĆBƿ ȠŻȔA?%)<ɻ ?+ǗǠ8Ɠŀ+ȯº*ɖ>Ȱȭ*ǴĄɻEJS+ïƻǌ)¶Ģ9ǜÁh[}z*ȡË>ǗǠ,23ǍƯ& "ɻ -ťĬǪ
?\qǦ+Ɂƪ*%ɻ >Ů*ǢưEJSǊƽ>Q}X >',;Ǖ<?

% >+÷ÖɻEJS,(<ź+& @ ʅ 4ɻEJS,ǃ&Ȝ<?>ɻ
(+; *%Ĩ4"+& @ ʅ EjvKāɛ+EJS't}uVE+EJS,Ɋǌ*ǆ)>+& @ ʅ+; )Ǉã*Ǩ >7*,ɻÕï&ŔɢpOyVX`FX*# %ɻɶ ¶ȠȅBő#ɹȨǲ)¤ȯº&>ɺɊĆo}K}Bƿ %ȠŻɻïƻ¶Ģ'ÖA%Ȱȭ>ƽƳïƻĉǌ)ǗǠļɫ& >EJS,ƹ÷&Ǐ!*ćîBǘȩ
&>ŠĘ) ĺƽƳ+~#& =ɻŮ*Ȍǡ|Ȗūǂ«<8ćîBǘȩ>'&>ɻ
+',gO`vE+ƽƳïƻĉǌǗǠ+rawƽƳ'%8ā)»Ʈ')> > ,ɻEJS+ǗǠBȿ%ɻ¾ǤŲķ&Ƚ1gO`vE+ƽƳïƻĉ* >ãɮ*ɻɋ¶ǌ*&
8åǨB >'&>8?) 
1. ( )*-,#ƽƳïƻĉǌǗǠBĄ7>*ɞ%4ɏț)',ɻɈı)¶ȠȅBő"Ɋo}K}B
ɉŏ>'& >gO`vE*%ɻƹîŲ8Ĩƿ <?% >Ǟ±+¤ȯº+7+Ɋo}K},ɻșŠɹʃ#+ɊĆīBƿ >+~ȍǌɺ+fHXM}izPɊĆīɹ??ǯ 450 ùõǝĪɺ+ɊĆɌ·& =ɻ?<Bƿ %õ$ %¤ȯºBȔ ŉƝB

Y. Tanabe - 4

BSJ-Review 1: 69 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 70 (2010)

MLSTɹMultilocus sequence typingɺ'(Maiden et al. 1998)ŷŉƝƗƿ?% >ƻǁ'%ɻgO`vE,~ȍ*ɶǦÁƂƳǦ'Ɣȹ%Ǟ±+ɊǌĀƇŀāɻ[zhOȳBS
}c>ǖ ɊĆŤƲBȬ1>'*;=Å¶)¶ȠȅĹ<?>ɹȨǲ)¤ȯº&ɻ#¤ɕ+ɰǻɖ¡8ũǔ*ƻȠ&>ɺ''œ<?>4ɻgO`vE,lu

Xpc9jD}WǦ+ŽȎÿɊæĆ+ą*;"%ɻǞ±+¤ɕ&ɬǼ*ɊĆBřɹǵ5ű ɻ”recombination”ɺ>'Ǖ<?% > (Smith et al. 1993)ĎɞɻpOyVX`FX+Ȉưɢç*%8ɻ¤ɕ&ɊĆ+ǵ5ű ɻƔȹǌɶ ɬĪ&ȴ"% >'Ǚá?% > (Tanabe et al. 2009a)șŠ+ɊĆBƿ %ȠŻ>ƻǁ,ɻǵ5ű *;"%ƽ
 >gGEXɻ -Ųȼǵ5ř BȴɊĆBo}K}'>'*;"%Ɋǌ*ɤ?¤Bȼǻ&>'Ƿȭ$%4ɻ';)Ȫ¹ŤBȸƧ>7&>(Hanage et al. 2005)

éɿ pOyV`FX+ʃ#+ MLST ɊĆī+ǽM. aeruginosa NIES-843 ƀ+Reqa}[B¬*ŇǥȀ<,pOyVX`FX+ƽƳïƻĉǌǗǠ+7ɻReq*şî> 7 ǩň+fHXM}
izPɊĆī (éɿ) Bo}K}'> MLST XM}qBƆǪ (Tanabe et al. 2007)ƌ*
©ǗǠ'%ɻŧŷƾ+pOyVX`FXǯ 160 ƀB®ŉɻ?<*# % MLST *;=Ɋ
Ć[GizPBȔ"+ǷżɻȠŻƀŠ+ÆŠį*Äš> 76 +ǆ)>ɊĆñĹ<?
'ɻ?<+ɊĆñɕ*ǐı+ɊȵɤĹ<?')(<ɻMLST ŷǞ+ƽƳïƻȠŻ*ļț)¶ȠȅBŵĶȿ=*Ŵ% >'A"'@ɻ+ǯ 160 ƀ*# %ǮǸȠŻBȔ"%5'@ɻ×~+ƪƛ<¶ɤ?¤Ɋǌ*4'4"Pw}lB#>ªÙ,¯Ȝ<?)" (éʀ)ŧŷë±+pOyVX`FX*%,ɻǮǸƉ&ȯºÒȅ)ƽƳïƻh[}z,ĲŇ?% ) ; & >éʀ pOyVX`FX 164 ƀBƿȼɠǷÖƝ*;> MLST ǮǸƉ
ɹʃ#+ɊĆīBȢ 2,992
ùõ*õ$ɺ
ǮǸƉ±+Š¥,Pw}l+ǸȢǌ£ɭĪBǙk}bXbu^lǘƷɹ ț)ǮǸǾ+5Ǚɺ
ɻXQ}wg},TGbı=+ùõǽřŠɻǋŎ²,ȣ 5 ǩňÿ+ƪƛ<¶ɤ?¤BǙÕƪƛ<Ŕɢ?¤
ǮǸǾ'%4'4<ɻǮǸƉ±*şî% >Ʈ*Ɵń

Y. Tanabe - 5

BSJ-Review 1: 70 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 71 (2010)

%ɻMLST *;>ǮǸƉBȜ>ɘ=ɻpOyVX`FX*ƽƳïƻǌ)h[}z,ćî); & >ɻ
?&,ŷǞ,ɬǼ*ŧŷ+ƪƛɕBǜÁ% >+& @ ʅ +ãɮBǿ >*ɞ%,ɻ¤Ǿ+ɊǌǵŇǶŮýÂ% ɄǝBƻȭǌ*ō % ļț> (éʁ)EJSƽŁ>#+ƪƛ =ɻ*+ƪƛɕ&+ǜÁBă>; )ïƻ
ǌɟûƽ'; ɗɻÌŦ+EJS,ƶȈ+ɂÂ+ɅBȻ=ɻ?<+ɊĆǵŇ,ɊǌƣÁ'ß-?>ǘƷȭǌýÂ*;"% *ǆ)"% ɻ%Ů*Ȉưɉŏ*;"%ɂÂ+Xi}cɀ7<?ɻŲǴǌ*,ǮǸƉ&º+Pw}l'%ȩȯ&>*Ȋ>&ɏț)',ɻ ɂÂ+Xi}c,ɀ 8+&,) ''& >Ďɞɻïƻǌɝɤƽ'%8ɻǮǸƉ&º+Pw}l'%ȗƹ?>4&*,ǐı)ŮɕBț>'

'ƻȭǌǗǠ*;=A"% >+~Ŧ&ɻǮǸƉ&ǆ)>Pw}l'%ȩȯ&>¾+ƒɜ& "%8ɻïƻǌɝɤ)(*;"%ƪƛɕ+ǜÁ¼ɘ?
>'ɻ2()%ƪƛɕ&ɊĆǵŇ*ɇ ƹ?>ɹ--Ɋǌ¶Â'ȗƹ?>ɺ
Ď,+ɢçɕ*ƽ¸ŵǌ)ɊĆǵŇ+ɇ ,ɻFST 'ŒŠBƿ %ƃµ>'&>ĸ"%ɻǮǸƉ&ïƻǌh[}zĹ<?) ÷Ö& "%8ɻïƻǌɝɤ+ćîB+ŒŠB»ƿ>'*;"%ŖƩ>'&>éʁ ïƻǌɝɤ'ɢç±+ɊĆñǵŇ+ŮɕǊĚïƻǌɝɤĲŇ?%#+ɢç*¶?%
ɗɻ-<+ɕ,ɊĆñ,°Ŵ?>ŮɕǶɄ''8*ɻɊǌƣÁ'ß-?>ɢç±ɊĆǵ
Ň+ǘƷȭǌýÁɹ§ư*ĆĊBƚĝƑ=ɻƑ)"='ƵƜBƽ6Àżɺ*;"%ɻ#+ɢçɕ&ɊĆñɬĪɹƴČ+ɊĆñ+ɢç*È7>ɬĪɺ,ýA"% +ƒɜɹéɧɺ&,ɊĆñɬĪBýŠ'>ŒŠBƿ >'*;"%ɻɢçɕ+ɊǌǵŇ+ɇ +ŴƯ+ƃµFST 'ɹ0 ;=Ŵń*ā?-ǵŇ,ǆ)>'¹ŤɺɻË.ɊǌǵŇ+ā+ɇ BŖƩɹ0 < 1 4&+Š¥+ā&ȗƹɺBȔ '&>ŲǴǌ*,#+ɢç&ǆ)>ɊĆñêČ>ɻ+ƒɜŒŠ,Ďɹéɷɺ*)"%¸7%ǮǸƉ&#+ɢç+ɕ+ïƻǌɝɤBƃµ&>
ɹƟʄFST 'ɞ*,ïƻǌɝɤÿ+Ƈ)jDO[}+ĴɪBÏ%ýÁ>7ɻ+ȠɎ*,Ɵńļțɺ'@&ɻ+ŒŠ,¤Ǿ±+ɊĆɬĪɹ¤Ǿ+&ƴČ+ĔǣɊĆ+È7>¿Öɺ+ŖČ¥+ɖŠ& >7ɻǸȢǌ*Ŵń)ǷżBĹ>7*,ɻ~#+Ŕɢï<āɑ*EJ

Y. Tanabe - 6

BSJ-Review 1: 71 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 72 (2010)SBÇɤ%ȠŻ>ļț >&ǥȀ<,+ãɮ*Î=ǵ67ɻ»ƁğƖǮ+ơ
ó*ǊɆ% >șŠ+ƪƛBrawïó*ȤČɻ< 2005 ħþĈ*EJS+āɑŔɢ|¶ɤôɲBȔ ɻ?<¶ɤƀ*# % MLST ȠŻBȔ"ǷżB¬* FST Bƿ ȠŻBȔ"+Ƿżɻ¯ǌ*Ȝ>' FST ,Ŵń*Ǝ+¥BǙ' (FST = 0.351, P < 0.001)ɻ#4=ÕïƮ+¤Ǿɕ+ɊĆǵŇ*ɇ Ȝ<?>'A"ɻ+ɇ +h[}z,Çǰ&,)" (éʂ)Ų8ɴ1Ƿż,ɻA 3 Myɤ?% ) ×~ƪƛ±+ïƮɕ&
EJS+ɊĆǵŇ¯ǆ)"% '& ><*ɴ1'*ɻ×~+ïƮ+EJ
S+ɊĆǵŇ 2 {ųķ*¯ǆ)>8+*ýÂ%  (Tanabe et al. 2009b)

éʂ »ƁğƖǮ+EJS¤Ǿ* >Ɋǌ¶ÂÕï¤Ǿ* >ɊĆñɬĪ¶ĢB MLST ǮǸƉɹÔɺ* >ʂ#+Pw}l¶ɹPw}l A, B, D- Gɺ*õ$ %²Puj&Ǚ²Puj+ɩǟ,¶ɤƀ+¤Š*Ɣ>; *ŗPw}l C ,ėǾ+7ǑǅȗɹÔɺ+ FST ¥+ŴńƖƬ,0.1ɸŲ8ā) FST ¥BǙɹŲ8ǆ)"ɊǌǵŇBǙɺ¤Ǿ+nE,ɻ×~ïƮɹɶĞɻɦ{Ƣɺ+ 7 ų' 9 ųɻË.Ųȼŕ>ɢçɹɶĞ'ɖɻ×ŧ*Ŕɢɺ& >'*Ɵń%ɻåȟē?șɣ)pOyV`FX+¤Ǿ+Ɋǌǐɇh[}zB(+; *ȠɎ?-;@ ʅ MLST +ǮǸƉBǭž%5>'ɻ+#+ńÿ)ȟēǷż*,ɻPw}l G 'Ǜ>Ǟ±ǮǸǾɖ% >'A>ɽǤ&ȫũȵɤ*;>ɝɤ,ɻ»ƁğƖǮ+ƪƛ+pOyVX`FX*%,ȟē?)"ɻPw}l G Bɚ'į )<8ȵɤ*;>ɝɤBǙá>h[}z8Ȝ<? (Tanabe et al. 2009b)ǥȀ<,
+Pw}l G +Ǟ±ǮǸǾɹAʆFɺ',ǆ)>ƽņǌƴŀBő#ɈĽǌ)Pw}l&>ÒȅŀBǿ % =ɻƹî+ƴŀ+ȠŻBɂ7% > ?*%8ɻĘ)'8å+ïƻXQ}wɹ60 MyǝĪɺ*%,ɻïƻǌȵɤ9Ɩó+¶Ť' "ïƻǌțǱÿ+j

DO[}ɻEJS+¶Ģh[}z*ǐı*ā)GzhObB % >'Ǚá?>
Pw}l G Ďɞ*ɈĽǌ)Pw}l& >)<-ɻ+jDO[},Ȉưɉŏ''*)>& @ 

2."
åǳǗǠ,ŧŷë±+EJSBĔȱ'8+& >ɻ¾Ƚ+ȿ=ɻpOyVX`Y. Tanabe - 7

BSJ-Review 1: 72 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 73 (2010)

FX,ǃÕï&Ȝ<?>;=ā ïƻXQ}w&ȠŻ÷Ö*ɻ(+; )ǷżĹ<?>,ȋÞƦ '@& >EJS, ”Everyting is everywhere” ȫȽ1>; *ɻǃÕï&; )ɊĆǵŇBő"% >+& @ ʅ?'8ïóêŴ+ǮǸǾȜµ?
>+& @ ʅ+; )ǮǸǾ >)<-ɻ?*ƽņǮɈĽ|Ȉưɉŏ,(+; *ɖ
A"% >+& @ ʅ?<+Ȯãɮ*Î=ǵ67ɻƹîɻǥȀ<,EWE|JZEdE
ïó;=ɢǌ*pOyV`FX+Ŕɢ|Çɤ|ɊĆ[GizPBȔ"% >ĕźǌ*,ƍĠɻťāɛɻEjvKǦ*%8ŔɢBȔ ɻ×ǞBŸţ'ïƺȝƈ+ƽƳïƻĉǌǗǠ

BĚɔ 'ǿ % >(!%Avise, J.C. 2000. Phylogeography: The history and formation of species. Cambridge (Massachusetts):
Harvard University Press.
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Y. Tanabe - 9

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植物科学最前線 1: 75 (2010)

BI:.:>1\&Y=XʇŭƯǟȝÜǹȊWyY{ǋŗ¶ƺÌƯǟǹȊřɣǉǝüɾƃƫisyL^yǹȊē
739-0452 ĳĢǳĹŵĪĪǸ2-17-5

Distribution and population genetic structures of marine harmful and toxic microalgae
Keywords: gene flow; Harmful and toxic microalgae; new introduction; populationdifferentiation; population genetic structure.
Satoshi Nagai
Fisheries Research Agency of Japan,
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea
2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan

dc:.SENCochlodinium polykrikoides\&Y=X
ddcC. polykrikoides15+ƃĕɣǉȻCochlodinium polykrikoides+ɣǉǩǞ*:<ʮmZEzhtz^sgMzCxez
QRH)(+ąǐ9ʠƨ+ʥʞĄʃ*Ʀǆʮʘî'ɅŵƇ&,>4&ıʉŮǫ}ʯ
ÍŮ­·+ȶĄ)ǇƜɁĕǞ%=ƇȈ+ƒʠȖȩ+Ǖň'%ʮ1) ǏŌǬºɂ&ýƨʮ2) Ưǀ21~26oC+ʣƯǀ&Ƹǩ*ýƨʮ10oC&,ýƨʮ3) ƃŌǞƨ+øá
,)

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-1

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%

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;>%

=SU^AľŔʮɥ¸*ʁɆ)ŁÃAƐ= (Kim et al. 2002)Ȯãƻ¨Ȣ&+5ǻɓ>%'*ʮhyaline cyst,>4&ʘî+=ƇȈ+ċï,1975ıʚ;ǑƇǳ³ƺ*%ǻɓ>%

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*

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QRH)(AĄʃ*Ʀǆʬì1ʭºīõ,ǚï8)

ŠĄ+|ɳAɮ"%ʮ+ºīŠĄȘɨ*#ì 1 ƃĕɣǉȻ Cochlodinium polykrikoides +ºī
ŠĄ

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=>4&ƙǔisyL^S. Nagai - 1
BSJ-Review 1: 75 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 76 (2010)y+ºʂ*%ʮȈ¶+ɽǬĀǧ9¨Ȣ+ɽĊƞɶAÍº*ɌƎ&=ºĊm{J{+øá,ě)ʮʣ

ĂôŌAǾºĊm{J{+ʈǩ»Ƅ>%Ɓɯʮŕ+

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15¨+m{J{¡Ŕ*ŔÅ(Nishitani et al. 2007)ƇǹȊ&,ʮÛƺõ*Ǟō=C.
polykrikoides¨Ȣ+ɽǬƞɶ'+ʞȠʊ¤AmELwQ\sE^Ăô*:"%ɌƎʮƇȈ+ºīŠĄȘɨAɌŸ='AǰǬ'


dec
ŵƇ

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:.ʘîƳĠ+Ɏ11ñǍ;ťʒƺƯ;ʮLw{yöʠƔʬÜɎ421ƔʭAǻȋʬì2, ɀ1ʭʘî,2005ı'2007ıʮǑƇ&,2006ı'2007ı*>>QyityMAđŴʮɎ13QyiuAņ²ƔAöʠzʒȻńʮDNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN)*:<DNAAŞ¹ʈǩ15¨+m{J{+{J{AǠ

%²Ɣ;Ş¹DNAAǠ

!ʮPCRýįȱć&"10¨+m%PCRýįAȽ"OuS{LHyQ{*:<ÛPCRǟǔ+cy_QEV+ƲĐńʮÛ¨+ɽĊôAƲĐʒêɽĎǬɌƎAɄŮ+Xg^AǠ%ȽʮÛĘȋɽĊ+¹ǚʛĶʮ¨Ȣʉ+ɽɦʓʮʒêºÊ+ƃŐĩƛĐʮʒêĭĝƛĐʮCtu´ƃĶ+ƬɩAȽ"ÛQyiu*
J{AǠPCRýįņ;>Ɣ+ÃÜ,97-100%&

ǬɌƎAȽ
Ƈ&

<ʮ >+m{J{8ʒêɽĎ7*Íº)PCRýįɇ;>4ʮS{LHyUOu+Ûcy_,1<ʮŅ"%ƇȈ+ƒʠȖȩ+ƕǲ,N&&tlX{muRNAɽĊʬLSUʭAǠ
ƛ¹>)%ʮ10¨+m{<“Haploid”&

ʀ¼Ƭɩ*='¾Ÿ>4%ʮȈ¶&,ĂôŌ2'B((Ki & Han 2008)|ų&ʮ3#+ŸǶ)tlYEi+ċïøá>%(Iwataki et al. 2008) ʮƇǹȊ*=%¢ǠöʠƔ,²%Ý|+PCR-RFLPdY{yAǾʮ23ÝLSUʀ¼Aš#'Aǻɓƾ5&=>*Ę%ʮmELwQ\sE^AǠùÜʮÛɽĊķ+CtuŮ,4-26ʬ9.9±6.1, İóþƠǅªĩʭʮɽĊĂƟĶ(Nei 1973),0.00-0.90 (0.54±0.21)+ȑë*<ʮƔʉ&ʣĶ+ĂôŌɓ7;>ʮ¨ɘ¿×Ȫ)
ɀ1 Cochlodinium polykrikoides+ťʒñǍ'ºƎƔŮ

ì2 Cochlodinium polykrikoides+ťʒñǍì

S. Nagai - 2
BSJ-Review 1: 76 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 77 (2010)'¾Ÿ)ʮɽǬĂƟŌ+ȅĶ*#%,ʮ¨Ȣʉ&ŸǶ)ĩǧ,ɇ;>)

" (Nagai et al. 2009)

dfc$\&ZYL0KaYL_4\&!Y,Ab

UPGMAƴ*:=]y_wMsoʬì3ʭAɇ='ʮ11¨Ȣ,Ą3#+LsUY{ʮ1) ʘîzĘʡzʦÕzɿʬŵƇƺ+¨Ȣʭʮ2) ǑƇʬ³ƺ+¨Ȣʭʮ3) ʧ°ĢzʇģzĄºzʣǷzŪǼz~ʁʬǋŗ¶ƺ:.ĆİƶĠ+¨Ȣʭ*Ìº>ŵƇƺ:.³ƺ+¨Ȣ¶&,ɽɦʓȸ
Ěʮ>;+¨ȢɽǬ*Ɲ7%ɯ%='AǾ4ʮ³ƺ+¨Ȣ,QyityMıǧ)"%8ɽĊƞɶ,ďĐ&ĀÊʮ³ƺíƃ+¨Ȣċï='AǾƧ<+¨Ȣ&4'4"ʮɽɦʓŵƇƺ9³ƺ+¨Ȣ:<99Ą
ì 3 UPGMA ]y_wMsoɽɦʓ, Nei(1972)*:=C. polykrikoides 13 ʒêʬ421 ¨
ʭA 10 Ƈ+mELwQ\sE^AǠ %Ɍ
Ǝ]{YA¢Ǡì+©,h{^U^s[i©&>50 +©AǾǧ)=ųƴAǠ

'@"4#+%ʒêºÊ+ƛĐAđŴșƐʮŵƇƺ+¨Ȣʉ&,ƃŐĩɇ;>)"|ųʮʧ°ĢzʇģzĄºzʣǷzŪǼz~ʁzǑƇ+Û¨Ȣʉ&,ʮ2
3²%+kC¨Ȣ&ƃŐ)ʒêºÊɓ7;>',ʮ>;+¨Ȣ&,ǗȬ+¨ȢAľŔ%<ʮ+¨Ȣ',÷ƇǬ*ƼÜ%¨)'AǾñǜǬ)ŏøA±Ä*ʮ² 421¨+LsUY{ʬʒêʭ*Ìº>=*#(Pritchard et al. 2000)AǠ

=7ɽǬĩǧǞ%%ɖ1șƐʮ2ʬŵƇƺ%ʮɌƎXg^STRUCTURE ver. 2.2:.>āʭ8,3#+ʒêʬŵƇƺz³ƺz>āʭ*Ìº>ʮUPGMA]y_wMso9ʒêºÊ+ƛĐșƐAū
šʬì4A, BʭŵƇƺ:.³ƺ+¨Ȣ&,ʮÛ¨23Ï|+LsUY{1ʬɣȲʭ :.LsUY{2ʬʔȲʭ&Ð7;>%='*Ę%ʮǋŗ¶ƺ:.Ćİƶ+¨Ȣ,ʮʇģǳ+¨ȢʬLsUY{3, ʪȲʭā,LsUY{Ƽïd-gc/`9A"FLO%3B)ZUWÛʒêʉ+²%+kC¨ʉ&Ctu´ƃĶ (Chakraborty & Jin 1993)AɎȏʮ10¨+m
ELwQ\sE^ɽĊķ+!7¨+ɽĊķ&ÝɽĊôAƃ=¨+ÃÜAɖ1șƐʮŵƇƺ'>ā+Ûʒêʉ+ȗ5Ü@&,0.5%&"+*Ęʮŵ

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0.0-7.3%+ȑëʬ1.1±1.4%ʭ*<ʮǕ*ŵƇƺʒê&,ȸʣ

>;+șƐ,ʮ1) ŵƇƺ'ǋŗ¶ƺ©AǾʬì4Cʭ

:.ĆİƶƳĠ+ʒêʉ*ɽǬ)ƹ2'B(

S. Nagai - 3
BSJ-Review 1: 77 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 78 (2010))ʮĄ)ɽǬºűǞ%='ʮ2) ŵƇƺʒê,Ï*ɽǬ*ɯ%=+&,)ʮʘîƳĠõ;Ęʡſƹ*:"%ɪɲ>%ŵƇƺ&ɣǉAľŔ'ʮ3) ǋŗ¶ƺ9ĆİƶƳĠ+¨Ȣʉ*ǎǬɆé*:=ɽĊƹÉ='AǾæ=10¨+

 4 STRUCTRURE (Pritchard et al. 2000) X]`oxqvkn>(FC. polykrikoides 13 D 421 KSYgsijxX Na`Jb>(O| KgsijxXWY5Y UP`J
b3OQza{F%'-I][ -YDzb{Z|@<G`HZE<U3OQYgsijxXP`MVb3Pza{F ctu & (X]` BAzc{FC. polykrikoides 13 DÛʒêʉ+²%+kC¨ʉ&Ctu´ƃĶ (Chakraborty & Jin 1993) AɎȏʮ10 ¨+mELwQ\sE^ɽĊķ+ ! 7 ¨+ɽĊķ&ÝɽĊôAƃ=¨+ÃÜAɖ1ʮkCʒêʉ&+ÃÜAìǾÛɽĊķ&ņ;>CtuŮʬȕ26­ɴ<ʭ;Ɏȏ%ʮ7¨+ɽĊķ&ɽĊô«ǐ*Ý*)=ǻǘ,Ɲ7%ʮɏ&ƛ¹>kC¨,«ǐ*ɽĊô|ȭ+&,)ʮʉ&ɍ-ÝLw{yʮɊ®ĻĉĈ2(+ɯȠ)ʊ¤*=ʦÕǳ+ǚùɖƑ*%ʮC. polykrikoidesʘîƳĠ&ĄʃǩǞŮŵ~ŮÍŵń*ĞʏƳĠõ&8ƇȈ+ɣǉɋǁ>%=4ʮ2003ı

='ɍ:.2005ı*ʘîƳĠ&ƇȈ+ĄɈơ)ɣǉǩǞż*ʮĦȿŹǤ¬*:<LwwgDua+ʣǊĶĬʮʘîƳĠ
;ƋɷĞÖǳȷĪâɬƳĠ0ǈǵʮ+ńʮ;*ĞʏƳĠ*Ƴ"%Ƌų0ƹ>%
+ǻɓ>%= (ĔÒ2 2005);*ʮʘîƳĠ+ȹĞʮĨƾʮʨƯ:.ŵƇƺƳĠ+İŗ+4ñǍ;½ƅŝ±>ȓĊɱɧSnqv{Sry*:=ɌƎșƐ8ʮĘʡſƹ*:=ƇȈ+ȄɲAĽūš (Onitsuka et al. 2010)Ęʡſƹ+ɚ;¾ű

S. Nagai - 4
BSJ-Review 1: 78 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 79 (2010)%ʮɯıʮƇȈĞʏƳĠõ&ɇ;>=:*)"ɣǉ,ʮʘîƳĠ&ĄǩǞC.

polykrikoidesɣǉ+|ɾĘʡſƹ*:"%ƹ>ʮĞʏƳĠ0ǈǵ'*ɤé=',ŸǪ&=|ų&ʮñǜǬ*ʓ>ʇģǳzµĸǳz~ʁǳ+¨Ȣ&ÝɽĊôA

š#ɄŮ+kCƛ¹>șƐ,ʮ>;+ƺõPC')<ǎǬ)Ɇé*:=ƇȈ+ȄɲzĐǵAǾæ=ʇģǳ'~ʁǳ,ŵƇ*=ǴǙʠƨ+ǟñ'%Ƿ;>ʮǕ*ʇģǳ,ǴǙɜȈȴ (Ʃɜzȇɜ)+ŵƇƃŮ+£Țñ&=~ʁǳ:.++ƺõ&,ʮɺÓ*ʇģǳ;ʮǕ*ź~Ȃ*%Ąʃ+ǴǙɜȈȴ+ɢ±zȄƙAȽ"%ȘȞ< (ưƽ ȁ¥)ʮ>;+Ȉȴ''8*C. polykrikoides+ƒʠȖȩɹŨ>×ȪŌ,ÍºȤ

;>=µĸǳŪǼǌ*#%,ʮñǜǬ*ʮȰȯ*:=ɹŨ+Ȝ÷ñ+ŁÃAƐȀŗǂ*ɯʮC. polykrikoidesʮŪǼǌAȘǢ%Ȅɲ>+8>)dhc-MH@#[ƇȈ,10oC+Ưǀ&,Ǟċ&)ǃ¶&ɥ¸%=+ʮāƶ&ɥ¸%7ʮ¸č+ƁƯǀ10oCAè=ƺõ&,=+ʮ>4&Ÿ&"ʮÝ|ƺõ;ʮǧ)=ı*ťʒ¨Ȣ+ɽĊô+ȗŔ2'B(Ā@;ʮƺõíƃ+ȗŔAǾ';ʬì3, 4ʭʮǗȬ+ƺõ&ɥ¸%='¾Ÿ+',ʮƳ

Ġõ+ĖƒʠÊʮñǛ+ǀſÊ*:=¸č+Ưǀŷ*=ɣǉǩǞ'ĐǵzºīŠĄǞ=×ȪŌ<ʮĄ

wQ\sE^m{J{*:=ʒêɽĎǬɌƎAȽʮń;*Ų)ƺõ*

*œŊ>=;ʮmEL

'*:<ʮÛƺõ*ºī=¨Ȣ:.¨AºĊvju&ɘ¿Ǖň#='*ŔÅʮ4ʮʒêƞɶ*ŀʙAÔ3
ɆéAƛ¹='×Ȫ')"ǚïʮǎǬ)Ɇéʮ'<@ƯǟȈȴ+Ȅƙ*ƃĕzƃƫisyL^y+ɪɲɺȅ*#%ʮđʑ*Ɯȥʉ&ÿɞ>Ȅƙ+7ƺõʉȄ

ɲ+Ȉȴ;ʮǱŦʮisyL^yAƛ¹=ǹȊ8Ƚ"%ĕzƃƫisyL^yɪɲ>%,ʮŵƇʮ<ʮ)<+ʃ+Ǟƃ='Ÿ;*)"% (ƌĞzĞÖ2008)ń:.ʘîƳĠ*ºī=ʒê+ɤǄAɌŸ=1ʮîzƋÎCTCȍ*ºī

=C. polykrikoidesʒê+ɌƎ8đŴʮ>;AƬɩ='&ñǛǬɈơ&+ƇȈ+ʒêƞɶ'ºīŠĄɆéAŸ;*%

ec:>C^?NAlexandrium catenella\&Y=X
ddcA. catenella15+
ǚïʮAlexandriumĝ,ʮǥ&28Ȉ+¹ǚøá>%=ŵƇ&,ʮ>4&4Ȉ+ƃƫȈ+¹ǚǷ;>%ľőĎǬ)ĩǧƝ7%ě)ʮʝŇʆɋė*÷$<ʮƃƫȈ'ǏƫȈƼï=ƃƫƿʗƭȻAlexandriumĝ,ľő¾¿&,Ȉ¾¿ŜȾ*ǒȟɆƱ>=;*ʮÝ|Ȉ¶&ǧ)=ƺõ*ºī=ʒêʉ+ʞȠʊ¤AŸ;*ʮŲ)ƺõ0+Ȅ±)(AɌŸ=Śƴ,ʮľőĎǬŚƴ&,ɻŔȪ&
=7*,ʮʣĶĂôºĊm{J{AǠ%Û¨=+ǰǬAɻŔ:.ʒêAYEfyM='"S. Nagai - 5
BSJ-Review 1: 79 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 80 (2010)ʒêɽĎǬŚƴ+ę±Ɓ8ƃÈ&ɶ*#%ɽĊɌƎAȽ='Ȥ;>=ʮ>4&Alexandriumĝ+ʒêƞ

ʮ>;+ŏø*÷$ñõʒê+ʒêºÊ9ɽĊƹÉʬƺõʉȄÉʭAɐŸøá,2'B()" (Nagai et al. 2007)Ȓî+Scholin et al. (1995),ʮƕ+tlX{muRNAɽĊAǠȔțɌƎAȽ

%ʮǥƳĠÛñ;ºʓAlexandriumĝ+ºĊʮ+șƐʮA. tamarense / catenella / fundyense ,ʕĮ*ɯȠ&

ju&,Ì¿&)<ʮºĊv

';ʮ+3ȈAspecies complex 'Þ%ʮŵƇ+A.

catenella,I{U^stC+8+'û÷ʀ¼|ȭ=';ʮƇȈŵƇ;+ĄôYyJ{+csU^Ư*"%ɹ->ʮI{U^stC&ɜƫAǩǞ=Òé*)"'Ţũʬì5ʭ>ƊʮŵƇŎȥś

>%ȘȞ=1995ı*gsyUƳĠ

+Thau lagoon&ʮñƺ&,½7%A. catenella+hu{oǻɓ>JKʠƨ+ǮB)Thau lagoon&,ʮ1998ı*½7%ʟǠ+JKƫÊ (Masselin et al. 2001)ʮƊʮ23ƪı+:*ƇȈ+¹ǚ*:=ʩǨŌɜƫ+ǩǞøá>% (Genovesi et al. 2009, 2010)

ƕtlX{muRNAɽĊ*:=ȔțɌƎ+șƐʮThau lagoon*¹ǚ=ʒê,ʮŵƇÔ.
CTCɤǄ+¨'ʞ=';ʮŵƇ;Thau lagoon0+JKȈȴ+Ȅƙ*ʮɹ->8+'ŧǁ> (Lilly et al. 2002, Penna et al. 2005)ʬì5ʭʮł;+]{Y,ʮÏ*1ɽĊ+ʀ¼ŏøʞ%='AǾ*ʮȃĎǬƖş*ɔņÄ*ƣ=Ȍȥ,ʮ;*ȃĎǬ#ĒɋǬ)ųƴ&ǴđAŸ;*rRNAɽĊ:<ʣĶ+ĂôŌAǾʮ#ŏøʃ+Ă

'

Ȥ

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:.ƺĴƵ;ʮLw{yöʠƔʬÜɎ644ƔʭAǻȋʬì6ʮɀ2ʭ

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AǠ!ʮPCRýįȱć&"8¨+m{J{AǠ%²Ɣ;Ş¹DNA%PCRýįAȽ"OuS{LHyQ{*:<ÛPCRǟǔ+cy_QEV+ƲĐńʮÛ¨+ɽĊôAƲĐʒêɽĎǬɌƎAɄŮ+Xg^AǠ%ȽʮÛĘȋɽ

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植物科学最前線 1: 81 (2010)%ʮ8¨+m{J{AǠJ{8ʒêɽĎǬɌƎAȽPCRýįņ;>Ɣ+ÃÜ,97-99%&

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kCʒêʮRST&25/28kCʒêʭɓ7;>4ʒê+kCxEVFSTzRST*÷$ʒêºÊ+ƛĐșƐ*%ʮŵƇƺ'>āʬŵƇzîzgsyUʭ+ʒêʉ+ɽǬºÊ+ȅĶȸĄʮ'<@kCxEVRST&,ʮŵƇʯŵƇƺʉ&0.764ʮŵƇƺʯgsy
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3.1ʬExcoffier et al. 2005ʭ*:<ɌƎƃŐĩƛĐ, 10,100 è+d{nq\ESryAđŴʮ;*lygGwʯaƛĐ&¦Ƥ***, P<0.001; *P<0.05

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植物科学最前線 1: 82 (2010)

+șƐ,ʮ>;+ʒêĘȋɽĊ+¹ǚʛĶ+ĩEVĩʬȡ<ɰʀ¼Aà6PCRǟǔʇ+ĩʭĄʒê':<ʮƥØǬ*'AǾ8+&/BÀ*ºğʒê&î+kCʒêʉ&,ƃŐ');)&)ʮǕ*ĘȋɽĊ+Q<ʮɯı*ºğ='AĽǾæ|ųʮ

ùÜ8ɓ7;>ʬRST &2/3kCʒêʭ;ʮÎS`ƺ;ƋS`ƺ*%Ë=ƳĠƺƹHu et al. 2000, Li et al. 2000) *:=ʒê+Ȅɲ<ʮ =ȅĶ+ɽĊƹÉǞ%'ŋ@>=ŵƇî¶+ʒê*#%,ʮțɎĎǬ*ƃŐ)ʒêºÊɇ;>%,=ʮkCxEVFSTzRST+©,îā+ʒêʉ+©

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(Y:)FA. catenella 12 Dz644 {b 8 'Yrdgvhlsdnb1HT>(OQmxjb1FJapan|%' 7 D}china| 3 D}SOJ|%'Y%'- 1 D}France|pswi Thau lagoon Y 1 Db3PF
8 1~3  Y960Z 77.1yUGRQF 8 STRUCTRURE zPritchard et al. 2000{ X]`oxqvkn>(FA. catenella 12 D 644 K
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YDZ|YgsijxXP`MVb3PF

S. Nagai - 8
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植物科学最前線 1: 83 (2010)'<@ŵƇƺ+ʒê,ʮȸʣ

kCxEVRST©Ǿɴ<ʮ+ʒê',ɽǬ*Ąǧ)<ʮƥØǬ*ǧ)=ȨžAš#ʒê&='ĽǾæ>ŵƇƺʒê+ɽǬǧɡŌ,ʮC. polykrikoidesʮʥʞ9ǏȫƚÉǔ*%8øá>%<ʮƀŲƅ+ƺƯʖ+9ǧ)=ƺƶƞɶ*:<ʮĄ)ɽǬºűǞ×ȪŌŢũ>%=

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+ɌƎșƐ,ʮñƺgsyUThau lagoonƳĠ+A. catenellaʒêŵƇ='=ɔLilly et al. 2002, Penna et al. 2005*Ę%ßĐǬ&Ǆ*'*ĂôŌAǾbiwYEim{J{AǠɌƎ8Ƚ"%

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{ɅĤåƮʮɿĵȋƺƶWyY{ȺÒƤăƮʮʧ°ĢǳƯǟŜȾʈǩWyY{ƉǡðÇƮʮʣǷǳƯǟɑʢùƏȳĺƮʮʇģǳȝÜƯǟɑʢùĞǺȆůƮʮǗȋȽŬƴƯǟȝÜǹȊWyY{ĔƷƗöǇƜWyY{ʇÂȧƮ*Ñ*<ʮʕĮ*ƃǭ)ÇɍA

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řòƇȐĊʮĞÖġǞʮȀĞČØʮɅəɛʮƍ§ȵƮ

:. Universite de la Mediterranee(Aix-Marseille II) Benjamin GenovesiƮ*ƻɗ=ƇǹȊ,ʮ(Ǘ)ƯǟȝÜǹȊWyY{ɹçɟʄiwTGL^ǹȊƃĕɣǉƿʗƭȻPLw]DaFoɣǉ+ǩǞƢƞɌŸ'

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植物科学最前線 1: 84 (2010)ėzʋʎĘȎ*ʊ=ǹȊ+|ɾ:.ŵƇĎȾŤȮȃĎǹȊɃÇʄʬ÷ǯǹȊBʮɕʜǦÚ 19380116ʭƃĕzƃƫʗƭȻ+¨Ȣ*=ɽǬºÊ'ɽĊƹÉ*ŀʙAÔ3Ɇé+ɌŸ+|ɾ'%đŴ

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ĞǺȆů 2006.ĥƳĠ*ºī=ƃĕƿʗƭȻ Cochlodinium polykrikoides+ǞǜǞőĎǬ
ǹȊ.ʇģǳƯǟɑʢùǹȊøá32: 23-90.

S. Nagai - 12
BSJ-Review 1: 86 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 87 (2010)

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%$ PHYE #"%ÊØ ¿hĖÔÞâà
113-0033 ¿hč¶h¼Č7-3-1

Phytochromes are involved in adaptive evolution:
Natural selection on PHYE of alpine plants in Japan
Keywords: adaptive evolution; alpine plants; phylogeography; phytochrome.
Hajime Ikeda
Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University
7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanÄÑ#ðÛ!

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H. Ikeda - 1
BSJ-Review 1: 87 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 88 (2010)k"Ċn#Ù/ăÆ¦2ß

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H7]V

")ĠiªÆĈ­ă!Ĕ1/2ß*!Ġ"xqÛĔ1´vq/)(Mathews & Sharrock 1997)ĠÄÑ"Ĉ­ă_Æ®§±2³bđ
/

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Ý-0/ (Heschel et al. 2007)ĝÄÑ#Ġ"pÎ/)ĠPHYE

#ĠĚ¢!òÍ/ß0"ĝÄÑ!#ĠP4H7/P4H7]V"ÖÔÛĔd/ĝÄÑ!ĠPHYE

-Ġ¸¼|



ë¥!ËĈ­!Ĕ1ă//=]5KI@I!
!-Ġ;WNE6<7Z!

ę"ēĈ­!Ĕ1ă (Ikeda & Setoguchi 2010)0-"sĠ/¨~2Á

-"Þâ#Ġ"gÄÑ!ĠP4¨~2ýÛ!ßÞâº&0/Balasubramanian, S., Sureshkumar, S., Agrawal, M., Michael, T.P., Wessinger, C. et al. 2006. The
PHYTOCHROME C photoreceptor gene mediates natural variation in flowering and growth
responses of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat. Genet. 38: 711-715.
Heschel, M.S., Selby, J., Butler, C., Whitelam, G.C., Sharrock, R.A. & Donohue, K. 2007. A new rolefor phytochromes in temperature-dependent germination. New Phytol. 174: 735-741.
Ikeda, H. & Setoguchi, H. 2009. The homogenous genetic structure and inferred unique history ofrange shifts during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations of Arcterica nana (Maxim.) Makino(Ericaceae). J. Plant Res. 122: 141-151.
Ikeda, H. & Setoguchi, H. 2010. Natural selection on PHYE by latitude in the Japanese archipelago:
insight from locus specific phylogeographic structure in Arcterica nana (Ericaceae). Mol. Ecol. 19:
2779-2791.
Ikeda, H., Fujii, N. & Setoguchi, H. 2009. Molecular evolution of phytochromes in Cardamine

H. Ikeda - 2
BSJ-Review 1: 88 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 89 (2010)

nipponica (Brassicaceae) suggests the involvement of PHYE in local adaptation. Genetics 182:
603-614.
Ikeda, H., Fujii, N. & Setoguchi, H. 2010. Molecular evolution of cryptochrome genes and theevolutionary manner of photoreceptor genes in Cardamine nipponica (Brassicaceae). J. Plant Res.
in press.
Ingvarsson, P.K., Garcia, M.V., Hall, D., Luquez, V. & Jansson, S. 2006. Clinal variation in phyB2, a
candidate gene for day-length-induced growth cessation and bud set, across a latitudinal gradient inEuropean aspen (Populus tremula). Genetics 172: 1845-1853.
Ingvarsson, P. K., Garcia, M. V., Luquez, V., Hall, D. & Jansson, S. 2008. Nucleotide polymorphisms
and phenotypic associations within and around the phytochrome B2 locus in European aspen(Populus tremula, Salicaceae). Genetics 178: 2217-2226.
Mathews, S. & Sharrock, R. A. 1997. Phytochrome gene diversity. Pl. Cell Environ. 20: 666–671.
Mathews, S. 2006. Phytochrome-mediated development in land plants: red light sensing evolves tomeet the challenges of changing light environments. Mol. Ecol. 15: 3483-3503.
Mathews, S. 2010. Evolutionary studies illuminate the structural-functional model of plant
phytochromes. Pl. Cell 22: 4-16.
Saïdou, A. A., Mariac, C., Luong, V., Pham, J. L., Bezançon, G. & Vigouroux, Y. 2009. Association
studies identify natural variation at PHYC linked to flowering time and morphological variation inperal millet. Genetics 182: 899-910.
Smith, H. 2000. Phytochromes and light signal perception by plants-an emerging synthesis. Nature
407: 585-591.
Whitelam, G.C. & Devlin, P.F. 1997. Roles of different phytochromes in Arabidopsis
photomorphogenesis. Pl. Cell and Environ. 20: 752-758.
Whitelam, G.C., Patel, S. & Devlin, P.F. 1998. Phytochromes and photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 353: 1445-1453.

H. Ikeda - 3
BSJ-Review 1: 89 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 90 (2010) '*,$& ÞŅ ǾĜyŦŜ ¢ðǱ
XqzteïöōŲŻŲöƌƙĥ

The genetic basis for the evolution of self-compatibility in Arabidopsis
Key words: Arabidopsis; genetic basis of adaptation; reproductive systems;
self-compatibility; selfing.
Takashi Tsuchimatsu & Kentaro K. Shimizu
Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich
Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.-
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T. Tuchimatsu & K.K. Shimizu - 1

BSJ-Review 1: 90 (2010)

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T. Tuchimatsu & K.K. Shimizu - 2

BSJ-Review 1: 91 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 92 (2010)

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BSJ-Review 1: 92 (2010)

植物科学最前線 1: 93 (2010)

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