ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ⎇ⓥ♿ⷐ㧔Res.Bull.Fac.Educ.&Welf.Sci.,Oita Univ.㧕

17࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈ߇ߘߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄᛮߌ಴ߔ߹ߢߩ
ᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾰⊛⎇ⓥ̆ⶄ✢ᓘ〝࡮╬⥋ᕈࡕ࠺࡞ TEM ࠍ↪޿ߡ̆ᱞ ౝ ⃨ ⟤㧖࡮ዊဈ ⌀೑ሶ㧖㧖‫ ⷐޣ‬ᣦ‫⚿  ޤ‬ᇕߒߡ޿ߥ޿੤㓙ਛߩ⧯⠪ߩ㑆ߢ↢ߓࠆ᥸ജߪ࠺࡯࠻ DVߣ๭߫ࠇ㧘㕍ᐕᦼߩ⧯⠪ߦߣߞߡ㧘りㄭߥ໧㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ㧘࠺
࡯࠻ DV ߦ㑐ߔࠆታᘒ⺞ᩏߪㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߦ㕙ធࠍⴕ޿㧘ⵍኂࠍฃߌߡ߆ࠄടኂ↵ᕈߣߩ㑐ଥࠍᢿߜಾࠆ߹ߢߩ⚻✲㧘߅ࠃ߮ߘߩ⚻✲ߦ߅ߌࠆⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏߒߚ⾰⊛⎇ⓥߪ߹ߛචಽߦߪ
ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈ 4 ฬߦ㕙ធ⺞ᩏࠍⴕ޿㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈ߇ടኂ↵ᕈߣߩ㑐ଥࠍᢿߜಾࠆ߹ߢߩ⚻✲ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍⶄ✢ᓘ〝࡮╬⥋ᕈࡕ࠺࡞(TEM)ࠍ↪޿ߡಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ߇ᷓೞൻߔࠆⷐ࿃ߣߒߡߪ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߩ̌⥄Ꮖ‶†ᕈ̍ߣ̌ᕜੱ߳ߩଐሽᕈ̍ߩ㜞ߐ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ߇㐳ᦼൻߔࠆⷐ࿃ߣߒߡߪ㧘̌⥄Ꮖਥᒛജ̍߿̌ੱᮭᗧ⼂ߩૐߐ̍ߣ޿߁୘ੱ․ᕈ߇ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘̌ᕜੱ߳ߩଐሽᕈ̍ߩૐߐ߿ ̌✕ᕆᤨߩេഥⷐ⺧ജ̍߇ⵍኂߩᷓೞൻࠍ㒐߉㧘ᣧᦼ⸃᳿߳ߣ❬ߋߚ߼ߩⷐ࿃ߩ 1 ߟߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ㧘ੱᮭᢎ⢒߿࠺࡯࠻ DV ᢎ⢒ࠍਛቇ߿㜞ᩞߩᣧᦼ߆ࠄขࠅ౉ࠇ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV 㒐ᱛ࡮໪⊒ᵴേࠍផㅴߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬‫ ࠻࡯࠺  ޤ࠼࡯ࡢ࡯ࠠޣ‬DV ⶄ✢ᓘ〝࡮╬⥋ᕈࡕ࠺࡞(TEM) 㑐ㅪⷐ࿃Σ ໧㗴࡮⋡⊛࠼ࡔࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢ࡮ࡃࠗࠝ࡟ࡦࠬ(Domestic Violence㧘એਅ DV)ߣߪ㧘㈩஧⠪߿ᕜੱߥߤⷫኒߥ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆ㧘෶ߪ޽ߞߚ⠪߆ࠄᝄࠆࠊࠇࠆ᥸ജߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫᥸ޟޕ‬ജ‫ߪߦޠ‬㧘り૕⊛᥸ജ(Აࠆ㧘なࠆߥߤ)࡮♖␹⊛᥸ജ(៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߩࡔ࡯࡞߿⌕ାࠍ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߔࠆ㧘‫ޟ‬೎ࠇࠆߥࠄ⥄Ვߔࠆ‫ޠ‬ߣ⢿ߔߥߤ)࡮␠ળ⊛᥸ജ(෹ੱߣߩઃ߈ว޿ࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆ㧘ࡔ࡯࡞ࠕ࠼࡟ࠬࠍൎᚻߦᶖ෰ߔࠆߥ
ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 1 ᣣฃℂ㧖ߚߌ߁ߜ࡮ߚ߹ߺ ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱᢎ⢒ᔃℂቇᢎቶ㧖㧖ߎߐ߆࡮߹ࠅߎ ᄢಽᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇᩞᢎ⢒ኾ᡹⥃ᐥᔃℂቇࠦ࡯ࠬᱞ ౝ࡮ዊ ဈ18ߤ)࡮ᕈ⊛᥸ജ(ήℂ߿ࠅᕈⴕὑࠍⴕ߁㧘ㆱᅧߦදജߒߥ޿ߥߤ)࡮⚻ᷣ⊛᥸ജ(߅㊄ࠍߨߛࠆ㧘߅㊄ࠍ୫ࠅߡ㄰ߐߥ޿ߥߤ)߇฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ⷞ⼊ޕ‬ᐡ(2007)߿ౝ㑑ᐭ(2006)ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘㈩஧⠪߆ࠄߩ᥸ജ⋧⺣ઙᢙߪ㧘ᐕ‫ޘ‬Ⴧട௑ะߦ޽ࠅ㧘㊀ⷐߥ␠ળ໧㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬DV ߩਛߢ߽㧘㜞ᩞ↢߿ᄢቇ↢ߥߤ⚿ᇕߒߡ޿ߥ޿੤㓙ਛߩ⧯⠪ߩ㑆ߢ↢ߓࠆ DV ߪ㧘࠺࡯
࠻ DV ߣ๭߫ࠇ(ศጟ㧘2007)㧘㕍ᐕᦼߩ⧯⠪ߦߣߞߡ㧘りㄭߥ໧㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ౝ㑑ᐭ‫↵ޟ‬ᅚ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ‫(ޠ‬2008)ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘10 ઍ߆ࠄ 20 ઍߩ㗃ߦ㧘ᒰᤨߩ੤㓙⋧ᚻ߆ࠄ“り૕⊛᥸ⴕ”“ᔃℂ⊛᡹᠄”“ᕈ⊛ᒝⷐ”ߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ࠍߐࠇߚߎߣ߇޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ੱߪ㧘ᅚᕈ
13.6㧑㧘↵ᕈ 4.3㧑ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘20 ઍᅚᕈߩ 21.3㧑߇ⵍኂ⚻㛎߇޽ߞߚߣ࿁╵ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘4 ੱ㨪5 ੱߦ 1 ੱߪ੤㓙⋧ᚻ߆ࠄߩ᥸ജⵍኂߩ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟഀวߣߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ዊᴰ࡮ศᱞ(2008)߇ᄢቇ↢࡮ኾ㐷ቇᩞ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡⴕߞߚ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆߣ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߩࠃ߁ߥⴕὑࠍ‫ߣޠߚߒޟߪ޿ࠆ޽ޠߚࠇߐޟ‬࿁╵ߒߚੱߪ㧘74.22㧑(↵ᕈ 73.68㧑㧘ᅚᕈ 74.41㧑)ߣߥߞ
ߡ߅ࠅ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߪߣߡ߽りㄭߥ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ౝ㑑ᐭߩ⺞ᩏ
(2008)ߢߪ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߦ㈩஧⠪߆ࠄ૗ࠄ߆ߩⵍኂࠍฃߌߚߎߣߩ޽ࠆੱߦߘߩⴕὑࠍೋ߼ߡฃ
ߌߚᤨᦼࠍ⡞޿ߚߣߎࠈ㧘‫ޟ‬੤㓙ਛ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᅚᕈ߇ 6.4㧑޿ߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ห⺞ᩏߢߪ㧘㈩஧⠪߆ࠄߩⵍኂࠍฃߌߚߎߣ߇‫ޟ‬૗ᐲ߽޽ߞߚ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᅚᕈߩ 4 ੱߦ 1 ੱ߇ㆊ෰ߦ੤㓙⋧ᚻ߆ࠄߩⵍኂ⚻㛎߽‫ޕߚ޿ߡ߃╵ߣޠߚߞ޽ޟ‬੤㓙ਛ߆ࠄ᥸ജࠍᝄࠆࠊࠇ㧘‫⚿ޟ‬ᇕࠍߒߚࠄᄌࠊࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ߣޠ‬ᕁ޿㧘DV ടኂ⠪ߩ↵ᕈߣ⚿ᇕߒߡߒ߹߁ࠤ࡯߽ࠬዋߥߊߥ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘DV ടኂ⠪ߩ↵ᕈߩਛߦߪ㧘ടኂ⠪ᦝ↢ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍฃߌߡߺߡ㧘‫⥄ޟ‬ಽ߇ㆊ෰ߦ੤㓙ߒߡ޿ߚᅚᕈߦኻߒߡⴕߞߡ޿ߚⴕὑߪ㧘DV ߛߞߚ‫ߣޠ‬᳇ઃߊੱ߽޿ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߪ㧘ᄦᇚ㑆ߩ DV ߦ⊒ዷߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ᄢ޿ߦ޽ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕ㧘᳃㑆ᯏ㑐߿ NPO ╬߇ਛᔃߣߥࠅ㧘㜞ᩞ↢߿ᄢቇ↢ߦኻߔࠆ໪⊒ᵴേ߇Ⴧ߃ߟߟ޽ࠆ߇㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᡰេ૕೙ߪ㧘߹ߛᢛߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬2001 ᐕߦᚑ┙ߒߚ‫ޟ‬㈩஧⠪߆ࠄߩ᥸ജߩ㒐ᱛ෸߮ⵍኂ⠪ߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞ(એਅ㧘DV 㒐ᱛᴺ)‫߇ޠ‬ቯ߼ࠆ଻⼔ߩㆡᔕߣߥࠆ⠪ߪ㧘᳃ᴺߢቯ߼ࠆᴺᓞᇕߣ੐ታᇕߩኻ⽎⠪ߩߺߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᴺ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩή޿ᕜᗲ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆࠞ࠶ࡊ࡞ߪ㧘DV 㒐ᱛᴺߢቯ߼ࠆ଻⼔๮઎ߩㆡᔕᄖߢ޽ࠆ(ን቟࡮㋈੗㧘2008)‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘⃻ᤨὐߢߩᢇᷣߣߒߡߪ㧘᳃㑆ߩࠪࠚ࡞࠲࡯߆ⵍኂᓟߦ⼊ኤߦ⋧⺣ߔࠆߒ߆ᣇᴺ߇ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߣߎࠈߢ㧘DV ߇⛮⛯ߔࠆℂ↱ߣߒߡ㧘᥸ജߩࠨࠗࠢ࡞⺰߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫᥸ޕ‬ജߩࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߣߪ㧘᥸ജࠍ߰ࠆ߁↵ᕈߩ✕ᒛ߇㜞߹ࠅ㧘2 ੱߩ㑐ଥᕈ߇ᓢ‫✕ߦޘ‬ㄼᗵࠍᜬߜᆎ߼ࠆ‫✕ޟ‬ᒛᒻᚑᦼ‫ޠ‬㧘↵ᕈߩᗵᖱ⊛ߥ✕ᒛ߇㒢⇇ߦ㆐ߒ㧘ᔶࠅ߇῜⊒ߔࠆ‫ޠᦼ⊒῜ޟ‬㧘↵ᕈ߇᥸ജࠍ߰ࠆߞߚߎߣࠍ⹟߮ߚࠅ㧘߽߁᥸ജࠍ߰ࠆࠊߥ޿ߣ⹿ߞߚࠅ㧘ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠻ࠍߒߚࠅߒߡ㧘ᗲᖱࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆ‫ࠄ߆ޠᦼࡦ࡯ࡓࡀࡂޟ‬ᚑࠅ㧘ߎߩ 3 ߟߩࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ߇➅ࠅ㄰ߐࠇ㧘DV ߩㅪ㎮߇⿠ߎࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩㅪ㎮ߪ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߦ߽ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ(ን቟࡮㋈੗㧘2008)‫ޕ‬DV ߇⛮⛯ߔ‫߿❈᧤ޟ‬ሃᅺࠍߐࠇࠆߩߪᗲߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⸽᜚‫ޟߩ╬ޠ‬ሃᅺᅦᗐ‫߿ޠ‬㧘ࠆ߽߁৻ߟߩℂ↱ߣߒߡߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ᓐߦߪ⑳߇ᔅⷐ‫ޟߩ╬ޠ‬ᕜᗲᐛᗐ‫߇ޠ‬᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᕜᗲߦኻߔࠆ⠨߃߿⇣ᕈߣߩ㑐ଥᕈߩ޽ࠅᣇߪ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߩ․ᕈߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ศጟ(2007)ߪ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߩ⇣ᕈߣߩ㑐ଥᕈߩ޽ࠅᣇߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏߒ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߪᕜᗲ㑐ଥߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ฃേ⊛࡮⥄Ꮖ‶†⊛ߥᘒᐲ߇೨㕙ߦ಴ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߩ⇣ᕈ㑐ଥߩ޽ࠅᣇ߿․ᕈߦߪ㧘౒ㅢߩⷐ࿃߇޽ࠅ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DVߩᷓೞൻ෸߮㐳ᦼൻߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߦ㑐ߔࠆታᘒ⺞ᩏߪㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߦ㕙ធࠍⴕ޿㧘ⵍኂࠍฃߌߡ߆ࠄ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣߩ㑐ଥࠍᢿߜಾ

࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾰⊛⎇ⓥ

19ࠆ߹ߢߩ⚻✲㧘߅ࠃ߮ߘߩ⚻✲ߦ߅ߌࠆⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏߒߚ⾰⊛⎇ⓥ
ߪ㧘߹ߛචಽߦߪⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈ߇ⵍኂࠍฃߌߪߓ߼ߡ߆ࠄ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣߩ㑐ଥࠍᢿߜಾࠆ߹ߢߩ⚻✲ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍⶄ✢ᓘ〝࡮╬⥋ᕈࡕ࠺࡞(TEM)ࠍ↪޿ߡಽᨆߒ㧘᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ⶄᢙߩⵍኂᅚᕈߩ⚻㛎ࠍᲧセߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ੺౉߿េഥ߇޽ࠇ߫ᣧᦼ⸃᳿ߦ❬߇ࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ߽⠨ኤࠍⴕ߁‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ലᨐ⊛ߥᔃℂ⊛េഥ߿੍㒐╷ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߪ⺕ߢ߽ടኂ⠪࡮ⵍኂ⠪ߦߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘↵ᕈ߇ടኂ⠪㧘ᅚᕈ߇ⵍኂ⠪ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ኻ⽎⠪ࠍᅚᕈߦ㒢ቯߒߡ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬Τ ᣇ ᴺ1 㕙ធදജ⠪ 㕙ធදജ⠪ߪ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎߇޽ࠆᅚᕈ 4 ฬ(⴫㧝ෳᾖ)‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘୘ੱ߇․ቯߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ࿾ฬߥߤߪફߖߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫ 1 㕙ធදജ⠪ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞ᐕ㦂࠺࡯࠻ DV ടኂ↵ᕈߣ੤㓙ᦼ㑆੤㓙ࠍᆎ߼ߚᤨᦼ
A ߐࠎ20 ઍ೨ඨᄢቇ↢⚂ 6 ࡩ᦬B ߐࠎ20 ઍ೨ඨ㜞ᩞ↢⚂ 3 ᐕ㑆

C ߐࠎ10 ઍᓟඨ㜞ᩞ↢

⚂ 3 ᐕ㑆

D ߐࠎ10 ઍᓟඨ㜞ᩞ↢⚂ 3 ࡩ᦬

2 ᚻ⛯߈
ඨ᭴ㅧൻ㕙ធᴺߦࠃࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ฦੱߩ⸵นࠍᓧߡ㕙ធౝኈߪ㧘IC ࡟ࠦ࡯࠳࡯ࠍ↪޿ߡ㍳㖸ߒߚ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘C ߐࠎߩ㕙ធߢߪ㧘C ߐࠎࠍ⚫੺ߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ C ߐࠎߩ߅ᆌߐࠎߦ߽หᏨߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ߪ㧘ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 12 ᦬ਛᣨ㨪ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 12 ᦬ਅᣨ‫ޕ‬㕙ធ࿁ᢙߪ 1 ฬߦߟ߈ 1 ࿁ߢ㧘㕙ធᤨ㑆ߪ⚂ 50㨪100 ಽߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㕙ធౝኈߪ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂౝኈ߿ⵍኂߦ޽߁߹ߢߩ⚻✲㧘ⵍኂࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߩᔃႺ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆ߹ߢߩ಴᧪੐෸߮ᔃℂ㧘⋧⺣⋧ᚻߩ᦭ήߥߤߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬

3 ಽᨆᣇᴺ4 ฬߩ㕙ធౝኈߩㅙ⺆⸥㍳ࠍ⿠ߎߒ㧘ฦੱߩ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎ߣߘߩᤨߩᔃႺࠍᤨ♽೉ߏߣߦਗߴߡᢛℂߒ㧘ⶄ✢ᓘ〝࡮╬⥋ᕈࡕ࠺࡞(Trajectory Equifinality Model㧧એਅ㧘TEM)ߩ
ᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߥ߇ࠄ㧘ฦੱߩ૕㛎ࠍ㧝ߟߩ TEM ࿑ߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ(࿑ 1 ෳᾖ)‫ޕ‬ⶄ✢ᓘ〝࡮╬⥋ᕈࡕ࠺࡞(TEM)ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ࠨ࠻࠙ࠄ(2009)ࠍరߦ◲නߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬TEM ߣߪ㧘ᱞ ౝ࡮ዊ ဈ20࠺࡯࠲ߩಽᨆ෸߮⸥ㅀߦ㑐ߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᤨ㑆ࠍᝥ⽎ߔࠆߎߣߥߊ㧘ᄙ᭽ߥ⚻㛎ߩᓘ〝ࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߣ޿߁ℂᔨࠍၮ⋚ߣߔࠆ㧘⾰⊛⎇ⓥᴺߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬TEM ߪ‫⥋╬ޟ‬ᕈ‫✢ⶄޟߣޠ‬ᓘ〝‫ޠ‬ߣ޿߁᭎ᔨࠍ․ᓽߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬╬⥋ᕈ(Equifinality)ߣߪ㧘㐿᡼ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ(ߘࠇࠄࠍขࠅᏎߊᄖ⇇࡮ⅣႺߣߩ੤឵㑐ଥࠍᛮ߈ߦߒߡߪሽ࿷ߒᓧߥ޿ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩߎߣ)߇㧘⇣ߥࠆᓘ〝ࠍߚߤࠅߥ߇ࠄ߽㘃ૃ(similar)ߩ⚿ᨐߦߚߤࠅߟߊߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘╬⥋ᕈࠍታ⃻ߔࠆࡐࠗࡦ࠻(EquifinalityPoint㧩EFP)ࠍ╬⥋ὐߣ๭߱‫⥋╬ޕ‬ὐߪ⎇ⓥ਄ߩὶὐൻ߇ߥߐࠇࠆὐߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩᗧ๧ߢ⎇ⓥ⠪߇⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ߇㧘࿕ቯ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ㧘⎇ⓥㆀⴕߣ౒ߦᄌኈߔࠆ႐ว߽޽ࠆ‫߽ޕ‬ߜࠈࠎ㧘ኻ⽎⠪ߦߣߞߡ૗ࠄ߆ߩᗧ๧ߢ㊀ⷐߥࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ⶄ✢ᓘ〝ߪ㧘⊒㆐ᓘ〝ߩᄙ㊀ᕈ(Multi-linearity)ࠍ␜ߔߚ߼ߩ᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠅ㧘╬⥋ὐ߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅቯ߹ࠆ‫✢ⶄ߁⸒ߢߎߎޕ‬ᓘ〝ߣߪ㧘৻ߟߩ╬⥋ὐ߹ߢߩᓘ〝ߩᄙ᭽ߐࠍ⴫ߔ᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘⎇ⓥ਄ߩὶὐߣߥࠆ੐⽎߇৻ߟߦ⛉ࠄࠇࠆߴ߈ߛߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᔅ㗇ㅢㆊὐ(Obligatory Passage Point㧩OPP)ߣ޿߁᭎ᔨ߽㧘ታ⸽⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁ߥ߆ߢ TEM ߩߥ߆ߦขࠅ౉ࠇࠄࠇߚ᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘ߎߎߢߩ‫ޟ‬ᔅ㗇‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᗧ๧ߪ㧘‫ోޟ‬ຬ߇ᔅߕ‫ߣޠ‬޿߁ࠃ߁ߥᒝ޿ᗧ๧ߢߪߥߊ㧘‫ޟ‬ᄙߊߩੱ߇‫⧯ߥ߁ࠃ߁޿ߣޠ‬ᐓᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߢ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ⶄޕ‬✢ᓘ〝ߩ⵬ఘߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⷗ߚ႐ว㧘ᔅ㗇ㅢㆊὐߣ޿߁᭎ᔨߪ㧘୘ੱߩᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ೙⚂ߔࠆᄾᯏࠍ⷗ߟߌ߿ߔߊߔࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᭎ᔨߣߒߡߩಽጘὐ(Bifurcation Point㧩BFP)ߪ㧘޽ࠆ⚻㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ታ⃻น⢻ߥⶄᢙߩᓘ
〝߇↪ᗧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆ‫✢ⶄޕ‬ᓘ〝ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ⚿▵ὐ(ࡁ࡯࠼)ߩߎߣࠍಽጘὐߣ๭߱‫ޕ‬ಽጘὐߪ㧘ᓟߦᓘ〝߇ಽጘߔࠆߎߣ߇೨ឭߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘ߘࠇࠃࠅ߻ߒࠈ㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡᓟߦⶄᢙߩᓘ〝ㆬᛯ߇⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ಽጘ߿ㆬᛯ߇↢ߓࠆ⚿▵ὐߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
TEM ߢߪ㧘એ਄ߦㅀߴߚ╬⥋ὐ(EFP)㧘ᔅ㗇ㅢㆊὐ(OPP)㧘ಽጘὐ(BFP)ߥߤߩ᭎ᔨࠍ߽ߜ
޿ߡ㧘ⶄᢙߩ୘ੱߩᵹࠇ㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪ୘ੱߩߥ߆ߦน⢻ᕈ⊛ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆⶄᢙߩ૕㛎ߩᵹࠇࠍᲧセಽᨆߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ‫ߪߢߎߘޕ‬㧘㕖นㅒ⊛ᤨ㑆ࠍゲߦߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘୘ੱ⁛⥄ߩᢥ⣂߿૕㛎ߩᵹࠇߩಽᨆߣ㧘୘ੱ㑆ߩᲧセࠍหᤨߦታ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߦ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂࠍฃߌ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣߩ㑐ଥࠍᢿߜಾࠆ߹ߢߩ⚻✲ߣᒰᤨߩᔃႺߦߟ޿ߡ⺆ߞߡ߽ࠄ߁ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘୘ੱߩ૕㛎ࠍ୘೎ߦᛒ޿ߟߟ㧘୘ੱ㑆ߩ౒ㅢᕈ߿Ꮕ⇣ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ TEM ࠍಽᨆᣇᴺߣߒߡ↪޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅㧘TEM ߪ㧘⾰⊛⎇ⓥᴺߣߒߡᦨㄭ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ⎇ⓥᴺߢ޽ࠆߩߢ㧘⴫ 2 ߦ
ߡ TEM ߩ↪⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ⸥ߔ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 2 TEM ߩ↪⺆(ࠨ࠻࠙㧘2009)↪⺆
╬⥋ὐ(EFP)ᔅ㗇ㅢㆊὐ(OPP)ᗧ๧ᄙ᭽ߥ⚻㛎ߩᓘ〝߇޿ߞߚࠎ෼᧤ߔࠆ࿾ὐ
⺰ℂ⊛࡮೙ᐲ⊛࡮ᘠ⠌⊛ߦ߶ߣࠎߤߩੱ߇⚻㛎ߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿࿾ὐ

ಽጘὐ(BFP)޽ࠆㆬᛯߦࠃߞߡ㧘ฦ‫ⴕߩޘ‬േ߇ᄙ᭽ߦ೎ࠇߡ޿ߊ࿾ὐ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾰⊛⎇ⓥ

21Υ ⚿ᨐ࡮⠨ኤ
1 ᤨᦼߦ඙ಽߒߚ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎
4 ฬߩ㕙ធදജ⠪ߦࠃߞߡ⺆ࠄࠇߚ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎ࠍㅙ⺆⊛ߦ߅ߎߒ㧘୘ੱߏߣߦᤨ㑆⚻ㆊߦᴪߞߡ߹ߣ߼㧘ᢛℂߒߚ⚿ᨐ߇㧘⴫ 3 ߢ޽ࠆ(୘ੱᖱႎ଻⼔ߩ┙႐߆ࠄ㧘୘ੱ߇․ቯߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥᖱႎߪᭂജ㒰޿ߚ)‫⚿ߩߘߡߒߘޕ‬ᨐࠍ㧘4 ᦼߩᤨᦼާ1)‫ޛ‬಴ળ޿‫ޛࠄ߆ޜ‬ೋ߼ߡ࠺࡯
࠻ DV ⴕὑࠍฃߌࠆ‫ߢ߹ޜ‬㧘2)‫ޛ‬ೋ߼ߡ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⴕὑࠍฃߌࠆ‫ޛࠄ߆ޜ‬೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫߹ޜ‬ߢ㧘3)‫ޛ‬೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫৻ޛࠄ߆ޜ‬ᣤ೎ࠇࠆ‫ߢ߹ޜ‬㧘4)‫৻ޛ‬ᣤ೎ࠇࠆ‫ޛࠄ߆ޜ‬ㅪ⛊߇᧪ߥߊߥࠅ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV 㑐ଥ߆ࠄቢోߦᛮߌ಴ߔ‫ߦިߢ߹ޜ‬඙ಽߒߚ‫ޕ‬

2 ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎ߩᤨ♽೉⊛⸥ㅀ(TEM ࿑ߩ૞ᚑ) ߐࠄߦ㧘4 ฬߩ㕙ធදജ⠪ߦࠃߞߡ⺆ࠄࠇߚ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎ࠍᗧ๧ߩ߹ߣ߹ࠅߏߣߦᢿൻߒ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩ⚻㛎ߦ㧘ߘߩౝኈࠍ┵⊛ߦ⴫⃻ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⷗಴ߒࠍߟߌߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ฦ⚻㛎ࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆ⷗಴ߒࠍᤨ♽೉ߦਗߴߚ߁߃ߢ㧘‫ޛ‬ೋ߼ߡ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⴕὑࠍฃߌࠆ‫ޛޜ‬ടኂ↵ᕈߣ৻ᣤ೎ࠇࠆ‫ޜ‬‫ޛ‬ㅪ⛊߇᧪ߥߊߥࠅ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV 㑐ଥ߆ࠄቢోߦᛮߌ಴ߔ‫⥋╬ࠍޜ‬ὐ(EFP)ߣߒߡ
ὶὐൻߒ㧘╬⥋ὐ߳ߣะ߆޿ߘߎ߆ࠄಽጘߔࠆฦ୘ੱߩ⚻㛎ࠍ㧘TEM ࠍ↪޿ߚ࿑ߦࠃߞߡน
ⷞൻߒߚ(࿑ 1 ෳᾖ)‫ޕ‬ടኂ↵ᕈߣߩ‫ޛ‬಴ળ޿‫ߣޜ‬ടኂ↵ᕈߣ‫ޛ‬੤㓙ࠍᆎ߼ࠆ‫⚻߁޿ߣޜ‬㛎ߪ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⴕὑࠍฃߌࠆ߹ߢߦᔅߕ⚻㛎ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ᔅ㗇ㅢㆊὐ(OPP)ߣߒߡቯ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣ‫ޛ‬೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫ߣޜ‬ടኂ↵ᕈߦ‫ޛ‬೎ࠇࠍ๔ߍࠆ‫⚻߁޿ߣޜ‬㛎ߪ㧘‫ޛ‬ടኂ↵ᕈߣ৻ᣤ೎ࠇࠆ‫(ޜ‬EFP)ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߦᔅߕ⚻㛎ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ᔅ㗇ㅢㆊὐ(OPP)ߣߒߡቯ
߼ߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘4 ฬోຬ߇෹ੱ߿ᆌߦ⋧⺣ࠍߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ౝ㑑ᐭ(2008)ߩ⺞ᩏߢ߽㧘੤㓙⋧ᚻ߆ࠄⵍኂࠍฃߌߚᅚᕈߩㆊඨᢙߪ㧘‫ޟ‬෹ੱ࡮⍮ੱߦ⋧⺣ߒߚ‫(ޠ‬53.㧝㧑)ߣ╵߃ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘‫ޛ‬෹ੱ߿ᆌߦ⋧⺣ߔࠆ‫ޜ‬෸߮‫ޠ޿ߒ߆߅ޟޛ‬㧘‫ޟ‬೎ࠇߚᣇ߇޿޿‫ࠍޜࠆࠇࠊ⸒ߣޠ‬ᔅ㗇ㅢㆊὐ(OPP)ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬1㧕ടኂ↵ᕈߣߩ‫ޛ‬಴ળ޿‫(ޜ‬OPP)߆ࠄ‫ޛ‬ೋ߼ߡ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⴕὑࠍฃߌࠆ‫(ޜ‬EFP)߹ߢ
A ߐࠎߣ B ߐࠎߪ㧘੤㓙ᓟ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߦᶋ᳇ࠍߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬A ߐࠎߪᶋ᳇ߦߟ޿ߡ໧޿ߟ߼ߚ㓙ߦ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈ߆ࠄೋ߼ߡり૕⊛᥸ജࠍᝄࠆࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬A ߐࠎߩ⹤ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘੤㓙೨߆ࠄടኂ↵ᕈߦߪ᥸ജ⊛ߥ㕙߇޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߞߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ㧘B ߐࠎߪടኂ↵ᕈ߇⥄ಽએᄖߦ߽ⶄᢙߩᅚᕈߣ੤㓙ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ᳇ઃ߈ߥ߇ࠄ㧘໧޿ߟ߼ࠆߎߣߪߖߕ㧘੤㓙ࠍ⛯ߌߚ‫ޕ‬B ߐࠎߪ㧘ߘߩᤨߩᔃႺߣߒߡ‫߇ࠇߘޟ‬ᒰߚࠅ೨ߺߚ޿ߦߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ߛ߹ޕ‬೎ࠇࠄࠇߡߥ޿ߛߌ޿޿߆ߥ‫ޠ‬ߣ⺆ߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߔߢߦߎߩᤨὐߢടኂ↵ᕈߣኻ╬ߥ㑐ଥࠍ▽ߌߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ߘޕ‬ߩᓟ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈ߇ઁߩᅚᕈߣߪ೎ࠇ㧘B ߐࠎߛߌߣ੤㓙ࠍߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ㧘ળ߁ᤨ㑆߇Ⴧ߃ߡ߆ࠄ♖␹⊛࡮␠ળ⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌᆎ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬D ߐࠎߪ㧘੤㓙ߒᆎ߼ߡߔߋߦടኂ↵ᕈ߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬೨ߩᓐᅚߦኻߒߡり૕⊛᥸ജࠍᝄࠆߞߡ޿ߚ‫ࠍߣߎ߁޿ߣޠ‬๔ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ࠍߣߎߩߘޕ‬⡞޿ߚ D ߐࠎߪ㧘‫⥄ޟ‬ಽ߽ߐࠇࠆ߆߽‫ߣޠ‬ᔺߊߥࠆ߇㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ߘߩᓟߔߋߦ♖␹⊛࡮␠ળ⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌᆎ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬A ߐࠎ㧘B ߐࠎ㧘D ߐࠎߩ႐ว㧘ടኂ↵ᕈ߇࠺
࡯࠻ DV ⴕὑࠍⴕ߁੍ళ߇޽ࠅ㧘੐೨ߦⵍኂࠍ࿁ㆱߢ߈ߚน⢻ᕈ߽޽ߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᱞ ౝ࡮ዊ ဈ22⴫ 3 ᤨ㑆⚻ㆊߢ߹ߣ߼ߚ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎1)

A ߐࠎ(⚂ 6 ࡨ᦬)

B ߐࠎ(⚂ 3 ᐕ㑆)C ߐࠎ(⚂ 3 ᐕ㑆)

D ߐࠎ(⚂ 3 ࡩ᦬)(ᷓೞൻ)(ᷓೞൻ࡮㐳ᦼൻ)(㐳ᦼൻ)(ᣧᦼ⸃᳿)಴ળ޿࡮៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߩࠨࠗ࠻࡮หߓ㜞ᩞⵍኂࠍฃ࡮⋧ᚻߦᶋ᳇ࠍߐࠇ࡮ઁߦ߽੤㓙ߒߡ޿ߌࠆ೨ߩ ࠆ࡮రห⚖↢࡮೨ߩᓐᅚߦኻߒࠆᅚᕈ߇޿ࠆߎߣߡり૕⊛᥸ജࠍ੤㓙ߩ᭽ࠍ⍮ࠅߥ߇ࠄ㧘੤㓙ᝄࠆߞߡ޿ߚߎሶࠍ⛯ߌࠆ(ߘߩᓟ㧘ߣࠍ⍮ࠅ㧘⥄ಽ߽⥄ಽߛߌߣ੤㓙ߔߐࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ)ߥ޿ߣᔺߊߥࠆ࠺ ࡯ ࠻࡮Აࠆ㧘なࠆDV ⵍ ኂ࡮៤Ꮺߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢౝኈ࡮↵෹㆐ߩࠕ࠼࡟ࠬࠍᶖ෰࡮෹ੱߣߩઃ߈ว޿ࠍ೙㒢࡮ᛕ್⊛ߥߎߣࠍ⸒߁࡮៤Ꮺߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡮ณߊ㧘なࠆ࡮ኅߩ೨ߢᓙߜફߖ࡮↵෹㆐ߩࠕ࠼࡟ࠬ࡮೎ࠇࠆߥࠄ‫⥄ޟ‬Ვࠍᶖ෰ߔࠆ‫ߔߤ߅ߣޠ‬࡮ήℂ߿ࠅ᛼ߒୟߔ࡮↵෹㆐ߩࠕ࠼࡟ࠬࠍᶖ෰࡮Აࠆ㧘なࠆ࡮↢ᵴ⾌ࠍᷰߔ࡮ᔶ㡆ࠆⵍኂࠍฃ࡮ᔺ޿࡮ᣧߊᏫࠅߚ޿࡮ህߛߣ⸒߁࡮ᔺ޿ߌߡ޿ࠆ࡮⥄ಽ߇ᖡ޿ߩ߆ߥ࡮ህߛ

࡮(᥸ജࠍฃߌࠆ)ᗧ

࡮ㅪ⛊߇᧪ߡ߽ήᤨ ߩ ᔃ࡮⋧ᚻߩ㓞ߦ޿ߚ޿࡮޿ߟ߆ߪᴦࠆ߆ߥႺ࡮ⴕേ࡮⥄ಽߦߪߎߩੱߒ࡮ᅢ߈ߛ߆ࠄ೎ࠇࠆ2)

߆޿ߥ޿3)

࡮หߓ㜞ᩞ๧߇ಽ߆ࠄߥ޿ⷞߔࠆ࡮೎ࠇߚ޿ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿⋧⺣⋧ᚻ࡮෹ੱ࡮෹ੱ࡮෹ੱ㧘ᆌ࡮෹ੱ㧘ᆌ೎ࠇࠍ๔࡮೎ߩ↵ᕈ(⃻࿷ߩᕜ࡮㆙〒㔌ߦߥࠅ㧘ᶋ᳇࡮〒㔌߇㔌ࠇߚߩ࡮౒ㅢߩ෹ੱߦදߍࠆߎߣੱ)ߣ಴ળ޿㧘⋧⺣ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥߢ㧘೎ࠇࠍ๔ߍ߿߇ߢ߈ߚߔࠆ޿߆ߣਇ቟ߔ޿ജࠍଐ㗬࡮〒㔌߇㔌ࠇߚߩߢ㧘߈ߞ߆ߌ೎ࠇࠍ๔ߍ߿ߔ޿(৻ᣤ)೎

࡮⋧ᚻ߆ࠄ㗫❥ߦㅪ࡮⋧ᚻ߆ࠄ㗫❥ߦㅪࠇ ߚ ᓟ⛊߇᧪ࠆ߇㧘ᣂߒ޿⛊߇᧪ࠆ߇㧘ᣂߒ޿ㅪ⛊߇᧪ߡ㧘㕙ୟㅪ⛊߇᧪ࠆ߇㧘ήߩ㑐ଥᕜੱߦ⋧⺣ߒ㧘ㅪ⛊ᕜੱ߇ߢ߈ߚߎߣߊߐߊߥࠅ㧘ౣ߮ⷞߔࠆ߇᧪ߡ߽ήⷞߔࠆࠍ๔ߍࠆߣ㧘ㅪ⛊߇੤㓙ߔࠆߎߣߦ᧪ߥߊߥࠆ4)࡮⋧ᚻ߆ࠄ㗫❥ߦߥࠆౣ߮੤㓙࡮᧤❈߇ᄙߊ㧘ህߒ㧘೎ࠇߦߥࠅ೎ࠇࠆࠆ߹ߢ࡮ኅߩ೨ߢᓙߜફߖߐࠇߚࠅ㧘㗫❥ߦㅪ⛊߇᧪ࠆ߇㧘ήⷞߔࠆ࡮⋧ᚻ߆ࠄ㗫❥ߦ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾰⊛⎇ⓥ

232)‫ޛ‬ೋ߼ߡ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⴕὑࠍฃߌࠆ‫(ޜ‬EFP)߆ࠄ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣ‫ޛ‬೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫(ޜ‬OPP)߹ߢ
࠺࡯࠻ DV ⴕὑ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߣߒߡ㧘Ԙり૕⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌߡ߆ࠄ♖␹⊛࡮␠ળ⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌࠆ(A ߐࠎ)ߣ㧘ԙ♖␹⊛࡮␠ળ⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌߡ߆ࠄり૕⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌࠆ(B㧘C㧘D ߐࠎ)
ߣ޿߁ 2 ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬೨⠪ߩ႐ว㧘り૕⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌߚᓟ㧘ߔߋߦ⺕߆ߦഥߌࠍ᳞߼ߚࠅ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠇ߫㧘ߘࠇએ਄ߩᷓೞൻ߿㐳ᦼൻߪ㧘㒐ߋߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᓟ⠪ߩ႐ว㧘♖␹⊛࡮␠ળ⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌߚᤨὐߢ⋧ᚻߣߩ㑐ଥᕈߦ㆑๺ᗵࠍⷡ߃㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠇ߫㧘り૕⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߪ࿁ㆱߢ߈㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߩᷓೞൻߪ㒐ߋߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬C ߐࠎߪ㧘♖␹⊛࡮␠ળ⊛᥸ജࠍⴕ߁ടኂ↵ᕈߦኻߒߡ㧘‫ޟ‬ህߛ‫ޕߚ޿ߡ߈ߢ߇ߣߎ߁⸒ߣޠ‬߹ߚ㧘D ߐࠎߪ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈ߆ࠄㅪ⛊߇߈ߡ߽ήⷞߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ㧘A ߐࠎߣ Bߐࠎߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ᔺ޿‫ޟ߿ޠ‬ህߛ‫ߣޠ‬ᕁ߁ߎߣߪ޽ߞߡ߽㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߦ⸒߃ߕߦ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬෹ੱߦ⋧⺣ߒ㧘‫ޟ‬೎ࠇߚ߶߁߇޿޿‫߽ߡࠇࠊ⸒ߣޠ‬㧘‫⋧ޟ‬ᚻߩ㓞ߦ޿ߚ޿‫ߪ߆ߟ޿ޟ߿ޠ‬ᴦࠆ߆ߥ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᕁ޿߇޽ࠅ㧘‫ޛ‬೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫(ޜ‬OPP)ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߦり૕⊛᥸ജ߿♖␹⊛᥸ജࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒฃߌߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘ߎߩᤨᦼߦⷫ߿ᢎᏧ㧘⋧⺣ᯏ㑐ߦ⋧⺣ߒ㧘දജࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠇ߫㧘ᣧᦼߦടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬3㧕ടኂ↵ᕈߣ‫ޛ‬೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫(ޜ‬OPP)߆ࠄ‫ޛ‬ടኂ↵ᕈߣ৻ᣤ೎ࠇࠆ‫(ޜ‬EFP)߹ߢ
 4 ฬోຬ߇㧘೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁߞߚᓟ߽ߥ߆ߥ߆೎ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬೎ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚℂ↱ߪ㧘᥸ജ߳ߩᕟᔺᔃ߿㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߩၫᜓߐߥߤߐ߹ߑ߹ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘‛ℂ⊛ߦ〒㔌߇㔌ࠇࠆߎߣ߿㧘╙ਃ⠪ߩ੺౉ߦࠃߞߡ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߦ೎ࠇࠍ๔ߍ㧘‫ޛ‬ടኂ↵ᕈߣ৻ᣤ೎ࠇࠆ‫(ޜ‬EFP)ߦ⥋ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
߹ߚ㧘B ߐࠎ㧘C ߐࠎ㧘D ߐࠎߪ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁߞߚᓟ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߦ‫ޟ‬೎ࠇߚ޿‫ޠ‬ߣ⸒߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘A ߐࠎߪ㧘‫ߣߞߕޟ‬೎ࠇߚ߆ߞߚߌߤ㧘⥄ಽߦߪߎߩੱߒ߆޿ߥ޿‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᕁ޿߇޽ࠅ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߦ‫ޟ‬೎ࠇߚ޿‫ޕߚ޿ߡߞ⺆ߣߚߞ߆ߥ߃⸒ߣޠ‬A ߐࠎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޟ‬೎ࠇߚ޿‫ߩ߹߹޿ߥ߃⸒ߣޠ‬႐ว㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣ੤㓙ࠍ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂࠍฃߌ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡߒ߹߁ᕟࠇ߇޽ࠆ‫ߡߞࠃޕ‬㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߦ‫ޟ‬೎ࠇߚ޿‫⸒߆߁⸒ߣޠ‬߃ߥ޿߆ߪ㧘㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߥಽጘὐ(BFP)ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬4)‫ޛ‬ടኂ↵ᕈߣ৻ᣤ೎ࠇࠆ‫(ޜ‬EFP)߆ࠄ‫ޛ‬ㅪ⛊߇᧪ߥߊߥࠅ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV 㑐ଥ߆ࠄቢోߦᛮߌ಴ߔ‫(ޜ‬EFP)߹ߢ
 ടኂ↵ᕈߣ৻ᣤ೎ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚᓟ㧘4 ฬోຬ߇ടኂ↵ᕈ߆ࠄ㗫❥ߦㅪ⛊߇᧪ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬Cߐࠎߪ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈ߆ࠄ‫৻߁߽ޟ‬ᐲߟ߈ว޿ߚ޿‫ࠇࠊ⸒ߊߎߟߒߣޠ‬㧘㕙ୟߊߐߊߥࠅ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߣౣ߮੤㓙ࠍߒߚ‫ޕ‬ౣ߮੤㓙ࠍߒᆎ߼ߡ߆ࠄߩടኂ↵ᕈߩᘒᐲߪ㧘‫ ޟ‬ᯏህࠍߣࠈ߁ߣߔࠆᗵߓ‫ޠ‬ߛߞߚ߇㧘ࡔ࡯࡞ߥߤߢߩ᧤❈ߪ⛮⛯ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ㧘C ߐࠎߪᄢቇߦㅴቇߒ㧘‫ޟ‬㆙ߊߦ޿ࠆߩߦ᧤❈ߐࠇࠆߩ߇ህ‫ߣޠ‬ᕁ޿㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߦ೎ࠇࠍ๔ߍߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߪ㧘C ߐࠎߩኅߩ೨ߢᓙߜફߖࠍߒߚࠅ㧘㗫❥ߦㅪ⛊ࠍߔࠆߥߤߩࠬ࠻࡯ࠞ࡯⊛ߥⴕὑࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬C ߐࠎߪ㧘෹ੱ߿ᆌߦ⋧⺣ࠍߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘⌕ାᜎุߥߤࠍߒ㧘ㅪ⛊߇᧪ߡ߽ήⷞߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ടኂ↵ᕈߪ㧘೎ࠇߚᓟ߽ၫᜓߦㅪ⛊ࠍߒߡߊࠆ௑ะ߇޽ࠅ㧘৻ᣤ೎ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ߽㧘ౣ߮੤㓙ࠍߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚࠅ㧘ࠬ࠻࡯ࠞ࡯⊛ߥⴕὑߦᖠ߹ߐࠇ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV 㑐ଥ߆ࠄᛮߌ಴ߖߥߊߥࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᱞ ౝ࡮ዊ ဈ24ህߛߣ⸒߁ACD࡮Აࠆり૕⊛᥸ജ࡮なࠆࠍฃߌࠆ࡮ณߊ࡮៤Ꮺࠍ࠴䏑䏓ࠢߔࠆ♖␹⊛࡮␠ળ⊛࡮ࠕ࠼࡟ࠬࠍᶖ෰ߔࠆ᥸ജࠍฃߌࠆ࡮෹ੱߣߩߟ߈ว޿ࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆ࡮ᛕ್⊛ߥߎߣࠍ⸒߁B࡮ኅߩ೨ߢᓙߜફߖߔࠆ⋧ᚻ߇ઁߩᅚᕈߣߩ㑐Dᔺ޿ߣᕁ߁ടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆ㓙ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ⥄ಽ߽ߐࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ

BAଥࠍ⛘ߜ䐵⥄ಽߛߌߣ੤ઁߦ߽੤㓙ߒߡ޿ࠆᅚടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆCࠄߒࠈ䎳ߣ⸒ࠊࠇࠆ

BDC䎲⥄ಽ߽ߒߡࠆ߆޿ߣᕁ޿䐵ᔺߊߥࠆDᕈ߇޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⍮ࠅߥ೨ߩᓐᅚߦኻߒߡ࠺䏚࠻㧰㨂໧޿ߟ߼ߥ޿ⴕὑࠍⴕ䏉ߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ⍮ࠆC⋧ᚻߩᶋ᳇ߦ᳇ઃߊ
A,B

DAB໧޿ߟ߼ࠆ

B߇ࠄ䐵੤㓙ࠍ⛯ߌࠆ಴ળ޿៤Ꮺߩࠨࠗ࠻ߢ಴ળ߁หߓ㜞ᩞߢ಴ળ߁

DB,CA੤ 㓙 ࠍ ᆎ ߼ ࠆዊਛቇᩞߩห⓹ળߢౣળߔࠆ㕖นㅒ⊛ᤨ㑆り૕⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌࠆೋ߼ߡ࠺࡯࠻㧰㨂ⴕὑࠍฃߌࠆ

DC

BA

߽ήⷞߔࠆ

࿑ 1 4 ฬߩ૕㛎ߣᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ TEM ࿑෹ੱߦഥߌࠍ᳞߼ࠆ

ህߛߣᕁ߁ᄙߊߩੱ߇ㅢㆊߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆⴕὑ

DCB

ቇᩞߢ᥸ജࠍᝄࠆࠊࠇ䐵 ㅪ ⛊ ߇ ᧪ ߡὑ߿ㆬᛯᯏ㑐ߦ⋧⺣ߔࠆ෹ੱ߿ᆌߦ⋧⺣ߔࠆࠄࠇߚᓘ〝ⷫ߿ᢎᏧ࡮⋧⺣⺆ࠅ߆ࠄᓧA䎲߅߆ߒ޿䎳䐵䎲೎ࠇߚᣇ߇޿޿䎳ߣ⸒ࠊࠇࠆ⺆ࠅ߆ࠄߪᓧࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘ℂ⺰⊛ߦ޿ߟ߆ߪᴦࠆ߆ߥߣᦼᓙߔࠆB⋧ᚻߩ㓞ߦ޿ߚ޿ߣᕁ߁ߘߩઁߩⴕ

BAߘߩᓟ߽࠺䏚࠻㧰㨂ⴕὑࠍฃߌࠆ╬⥋ὐ(EFP) ᔅ㗇ㅢㆊὐ(OPP) ಽጘὐ(BFP)

C,DAB઒ᗐᓘ〝೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁ߁Aߘߩᓟ߽ᶋ᳇ߐࠇࠆ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾰⊛⎇ⓥടኂ↵ᕈߣ੤㓙

25

A,C,D઒ᗐᓘ〝ㅪ⛊߇᧪ߥߊߥࠅ䐵࠺䏚࠻㧰㨂㑐ଥ߆ࠄቢోߦᛮߌ಴ߔࠍ⛯ߌࠆㅪ⛊߇᧪ߡ߽ήⷞߔࠆ㗫❥ߦㅪ⛊߇᧪ࠆടኂ↵ᕈߣ੤㓙ࠍ⛯ߌࠆABᣂߒ޿ᕜੱ߇ߢ߈ࠆ
A

DB,CC޿䎳ߣߒߟߎߊ⸒ࠊࠇࠆടኂ↵ᕈߣ৻ᣤ೎ࠇࠆ

ABCᶋ᳇ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣਇ቟ߦߥࠆ౒ㅢߩ෹ੱߦදജߒߡ߽ࠄ߁

BA

D〒㔌߇㔌ࠇߡ޿ࠆಽ䐵೎ࠇࠍ๔ߍ߿ߔ޿

B೎ࠇࠃ߁ߣ᳿ᗧߔࠆ

CB೎ࠇࠍ๔ߍࠆA

B,C,DA䎲೎ࠇߚ޿䎳ߣ⸒߃ߥ޿    䎲೎ࠇߚ޿䎳ߣ⸒߁䎲⥄ಽߦߪߎߩੱߒ߆޿ߥ޿䎳ߣᕁ߁೎ࠇߚ޿ߣᕁ߁⥄Ვᧂㆀࠍߐࠇࠆ

D⸒䏉ߡᵅ߈ߟ޿ߡߊࠆ

DCᔺ޿ߣᕁ߁䎲ࠧࡔࡦ䎳߿䎲ህߛ䎳ߣCB(り૕⊛)᥸ജ߇߭ߤߊߥࠆD೎ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿BAੱ)ߣ಴ળ߁

CA೎ߩ↵ᕈ(⃻࿷ߩᕜDടኂ↵ᕈ߇⋵ᄖߩᄢቇߦㅴቇߔࠆBߘߩ↵ᕈߦ⋧⺣ߔࠆടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆⷫ߿ᢎᏧ࡮⋧⺣ᯏ㑐ߦදജߒߡ߽ࠄ߁ࠄࠇߚᓘ〝࿑ 1 4 ฬߩ૕㛎ߣᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ TEM ࿑㧔⛯߈㧕䎲߽߁৻ᐲߟ߈ว޿ߚ㕖นㅒ⊛ᤨ㑆㕙ୟߊߐ޿ߣᕁ߁BAౣ߮੤㓙ߔࠆᄙߊߩੱ߇ㅢㆊߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆⴕὑᕜੱ߇ߢ߈ߚߎߣࠍ⸒߁ᕜੱߦ⋧⺣ߔࠆὑ߿ㆬᛯᄢቇߦㅴቇߔࠆ⺆ࠅ߆ࠄߪᓧࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘ℂ⺰⊛ߦ᧤❈ߐࠇࠆߩ߇ህߦߥࠆ╬⥋ὐ(EFP)ήℂ߿ࠅ೎ࠇࠆ

BADࠅ䐵㗫❥ߦㅪ⛊߇ߊࠆᔅ㗇ㅢㆊὐ(OPP) ಽጘὐ(BFP)ኅߩ೨ߢᓙߜફߖߐࠇߚߘߩઁߩⴕ⺆ࠅ߆ࠄᓧC෹ੱ߿ᆌߦ⋧⺣ߔࠆᱞ ౝ࡮ዊ ဈ26

3 ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎߿ߘߩᷓೞൻ෸߮㐳ᦼൻߩ㑐ㅪⷐ࿃࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ⚻㛎߿ߘߩᷓೞൻ෸߮㐳ᦼൻߦ㑐ଥߔࠆⷐ࿃ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘એਅߦ⠨ኤࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬1㧕ⵍኂᅚᕈߩ୘ੱ․ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ
 A ߐࠎߪ㧘‫⚿ޟ‬ዪ⥄ಽߪߘߩੱߩ㓞ߦ޿ߚ޿‫⥄ޟ߿ޠ‬ಽߦߪߎߩੱߒ߆޿ߥ޿‫ޠ‬㧘‫(ޟ‬೎ࠇߚᓟ)ᓐ᳁߇੹ᐲߜ߾ࠎߣ᥵ࠄߒߡ޿ߌࠆߩ߆ߣ߆㧘ߘ߁ࠁ߁ߩ߫ߞ߆ࠅ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ‫߆ࠅ⺆߁޿ߣޠ‬ࠄ㧘⥄Ꮖ‶†⊛ߥ㕙߇ᒝߊ㧘ᕜੱߦኻߔࠆଐሽᕈ߇㜞޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬B ߐࠎߪ㧘‫ߛ߹ޟ‬೎ࠇࠄࠇߡߥ޿ߛߌ޿޿߆ߥ‫ߢ߹੹ޟ߿ޠ‬⠴߃ߡ߈ߚߩ߇߿ߞߣฟߞߚ‫ޠ‬㧘‫߈ߟߣߌߛ⑳ߣߞ߿ޟ‬วߞߡߊࠇߛߒߚߞߡࠁ߁ߩ߇޽ߞߚ߆ࠄ㧘߹ߚ޿ߟ߆ߪᴦࠆ߆ߥ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᅢ߈ߛ߆ࠄߞߡࠁ߁᳇ᜬߜ߽޽ߞߡ(೎ࠇࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ)‫ࠄ߆ࠅ⺆߁޿ߣޠ‬㧘A ߐࠎߣห᭽ߦ㧘⥄Ꮖ‶†⊛ߥ㕙߇ᒝߊ㧘ᕜੱߦኻߔࠆଐሽᕈ߇㜞޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬A ߐࠎߪ㧘り૕⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌߚߣ߈ߩᔃႺࠍ㧘‫ߣࠎ߶ޟ‬ߦᱫߧ߆߽ߞߡᕁߞߚ‫ࠅ߅ߡߞ⺆ߣޠ‬㧘4 ฬߩ㕙ធදജ⠪ߩਛߢ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ߇ᦨ߽ᷓೞൻߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬B ߐࠎ߽㧘‫ޟ‬ᚻߣ߆⿷ߣ߆ߦߪ㧘ࠕࠩߣ߆޿ࠈ޿ࠈ㧘৻⇟߭ߤ޿ᤨᦼߪ⚿᭴Ᏹߦ޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߡߞࠃޕߚ޿ߡߒ⹤ߣޠ‬㧘A ߐࠎߣ B ߐࠎߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ̌⥄Ꮖ‶†ᕈ̍ߣ̌ᕜੱ߳ߩଐሽᕈ̍ߩ㜞ߐߣ޿߁୘ੱ․ᕈߪ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߩᷓೞൻߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘A ߐࠎߣ B ߐࠎߪ㧘ᣂߒ޿ᕜੱߣ޿߁ଐሽኻ⽎ࠍᓧࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ടኂ↵ᕈߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ߿ߞߣᢿߜಾࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫߽̌ࠄ߆ߣߎߩߘޕ‬ᕜੱ߳ߩଐሽᕈ̍ߩ㜞ߐ߇㧘࠺࡯
࠻ DV ߩᷓೞൻߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔ 1 ⷐ࿃ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬C ߐࠎߣ D ߐࠎߪ㧘♖␹⊛࡮␠ળ⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌߚᓟ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈߦኻߒߡ‫ޟ‬ህߛ‫ߣߎ߁⸒ߣޠ‬߇ߢ߈ߚࠅ㧘ᔺ޿ߣᕁ޿ടኂ↵ᕈ߆ࠄߩㅪ⛊ࠍήⷞߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ߅ࠅ㧘⥄ಽߩ᳇ᜬߜࠍવ߃ߚࠅ㧘ⴕേߦ⴫ߒߚࠅߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘B ߐࠎߪ㧘ടኂ↵ᕈ߇⥄ಽએᄖߦ߽ⶄᢙߩᅚᕈߣ੤㓙ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ᳇ઃ߈ߥ߇ࠄ㧘໧޿ߟ߼ࠆߎߣࠍߖߕ੤㓙ࠍ⛯ߌߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘
B ߐࠎߪ㧘᥸ജⴕὑࠍฃߌߚߣ߈ߦ㧘ߥ߆ߥ߆‫ޟ‬ህߛ‫ߣޠ‬ടኂ↵ᕈߦ⸒߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘B ߐࠎߪ̌⥄Ꮖਥᒛജ̍߇ૐߊ㧘ߘߩߎߣ߇⚂ 3 ᐕ㑆ߣ޿߁㐳ᦼߦࠊߚߞߡ࠺
࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂࠍ߁ߌࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚⷐ࿃ߩ 1 ߟߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘̌⥄Ꮖਥᒛജ̍ߩ㜞޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ C ߐࠎ߽㧘੤㓙ᦼ㑆ߪ⚂ 3 ᐕ㑆ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߐࠄߦ৻ᐲടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆ
ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ߽㧘ౣ߮੤㓙ࠍߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬C ߐࠎߪ㧘㕙ធߩᗵᗐߣߒߡ‫ ࠻࡯࠺ޟ‬DV ߞߡ޿ࠈ޿ࠈ޽ࠆࠎߛ‫ߩߎޕߚ޿ߡߞ⺆ߣޠߛࠎߥ߁ߘ߽߆ߣࠬ࡟࠼ࠕޟ߿ޠ‬ᗵᗐ߆ࠄ㧘C ߐࠎߪ㧘៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ߿෹ੱߣߩઃ߈ว޿ࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆߎߣࠍ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⴕὑߛߣ޿߁⹺⼂߇ߥߊ㧘̌ੱᮭᗧ⼂ߩૐߐ̍߇┍߃ߚ‫ࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘̌ੱᮭᗧ⼂ߩૐߐ߽̍㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂࠍ㐳ᦼൻߐߖࠆⷐ࿃ߩ 1 ߟߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ㧘D ߐࠎߪ㧘৻ᣤ೎ࠇߚᓟടኂ↵ᕈ߆ࠄ㗫❥ߦㅪ⛊߇᧪ߡ߽ήⷞߔࠆᘒᐲࠍߣࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘ᣂߒ޿ᕜੱߣ޿߁ଐሽኻ⽎ࠍᓧߥߊߡ߽㧘೎ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫̌ޕ‬ᕜੱ߳ߩଐሽᕈ̍
ߩૐߐ߇㧘3 ࡩ᦬ߣ޿߁ⵍኂᦼ㑆ߩ⍴ߐߦ❬߇ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘D ߐࠎߪ㧘౒ㅢߩ෹ੱߦഥߌࠍ᳞߼㧘දജࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘߩㆬᛯ߿ⴕേ߇ടኂ↵ᕈߣ೎ࠇࠆ਄ߢ㧘ᄢ߈ߥⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘̌ᕜੱ߳ߩଐሽᕈ̍ߩૐߐߣ̌✕ᕆᤨߩេഥⷐ⺧ജ̍߇㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߩᷓೞൻࠍ㒐߉㧘ᣧᦼ⸃᳿ߦ❬ߍࠆߚ߼ߩ㊀ⷐߥⷐ࿃ߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾰⊛⎇ⓥ

272㧕⋧⺣⋧ᚻߦߟ޿ߡ‫⋧ࠆ߈ߢ⺣⋧ޟ‬ᚻ߇޿ߚ߆‫⾰߁޿ߣޠ‬໧ߦኻߒ㧘C ߐࠎߪ㧘‫ᦨޟ‬ೋߪ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫߅ߡ߃╵ߣޠ‬ࠅ㧘B ߐࠎߣ D ߐࠎߪ㧘෹ੱߦߪ 1 ੱߦߒ߆⋧⺣ߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬B ߐࠎߪ㧘‫ߦੱߩߣ޽ޟ‬ߪ㧘⋧ᚻߩߎߣ߽⍮ߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ߺࠎߥหߓ㜞ᩞߛ߆ࠄ㧘⸒߃ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޠ‬㧘D ߐࠎߪ㧘‫ޟ‬⍮ࠄࠇߚߊߥߊߞߡ㧘޽߹ࠅᷓߊߪ⸒߃ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕߚ޿ߡߒ⹤ߣޠ‬㧘C ߐࠎߣ D ߐࠎߦߪᆌ߇߅ࠅ㧘ߘߩ 2 ฬߣ߽߇ᆌߦ⋧⺣ࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁ㆬᛯࠍߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ኅᣖߩਛߦ⋧⺣ߢ߈ࠆ⋧ᚻ߇޿ࠆߣ޿߁ὐߪ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߦߣߞߡ㕖Ᏹߦ቟ᔃߢ߈ࠆ㕙߇޽ߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ㧘A ߐࠎߪ㧘‫(ޟ‬෹ੱ߇޿ߥ߆ߞߚࠄ)ߘࠇ߇߅߆ߒ޿ߞߡ⸒ߞߡߊࠇࠆੱ߽޿ߥ߆ߞߚߛࠈ
߁ߒ㧘ߘ߁ᕁߞߚࠄߚ߱ࠎࠃߌ޿ߘߩੱ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇࠄࠇߥߊߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ߚ߹ޕࠆ޿ߡߒ⹤ߣޠ‬㧘‫ࠍ⹤ޟ‬⡞޿ߡߊࠇࠆੱ߇޿ߚߩߪ㧘ዋߒߪ㆑ߞߚ‫⋧ޟ߿ޠ‬ᒰㅅᖺ߆ߌߚߌߤ㧘෹㆐ߢ޿ߡߊࠇߚߣ޿߁ߩߪ߆ߥࠅ࡮࡮࡮‫ࠅ߅ߡߞ⺆ߣޠ‬㧘̌ᔃߩᡰ߃̍ߣߒߡ෹ੱ߇ᄢ߈ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ౝ㑑ᐭ‫↵ޟ‬ᅚ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ‫(ޠ‬2008)ߢ㧘10 ઍ߆ࠄ 20 ઍߩ㗃ߦ㧘੤㓙⋧ᚻ߆ࠄⵍኂࠍฃߌߚߎߣߩ޽ࠆᅚᕈߩ⋧⺣వࠍ⡞޿ߚߣߎࠈ㧘‫ޟ‬෹ੱ࡮⍮ੱߦ⋧⺣ࠍߒߚ‫ ߇ޠ‬53.1㧑ߢ㧘‫ޟ‬ኅᣖ߿ⷫᚘߦ⋧⺣ߒߚ‫ ߇ޠ‬24.2㧑ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⎇ⓥߢ߽㧘෹ੱ߿ᆌ߇⋧⺣⋧ᚻߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠄࠇߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߪ㧘⥄ಽ߇ⵍኂࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ๟࿐ߩੱߦ޽߹ࠅ⍮ࠄࠇߚߊߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠆ௑ะ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ߘߩߎߣ߇࠺࡯࠻ DV ࠍᷓೞൻ෸߮㐳ᦼൻߐߖߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ೋᦼߩ♖␹⊛࡮␠ળ⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ㑆ߪ෹ੱߦ߽⋧⺣ߢ߈ߕ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߪ‫ޛ‬៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ࠍൎᚻߦ⷗ࠆ‫ࠍࠬ࡟࠼ࠕޛ߿ޜ‬ᶖ෰ߔࠆ‫ߩߤߥޜ‬ⴕὑ߇ੱᮭଚኂߢ޽ࠅ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⴕὑߛߣ޿߁ߎߣߦ᳇ઃߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿႐ว߇ᄙ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬੐ታ㧘C ߐࠎߪ㧘㕙ធߩᗵᗐߣߒߡ‫ ࠻࡯࠺ޟ‬DV ߞߡ޿ࠈ޿ࠈ޽ࠆࠎߛ‫ߦࠄߐޕߚ޿ߡߞ⺆ߣޠߛࠎߥ߁ߘ߽߆ߣࠬ࡟࠼ࠕޟ߿ޠ‬㧘㜞ᩞ↢ߩᤨߦⵍኂࠍฃߌߚ႐ว㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߩ෹ੱ߽࠺࡯࠻ DV ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂߇޽߹ࠅߥߊ㧘⋧⺣ࠍߒߡ߽ㆡಾߥࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍᓧࠄࠇߥ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᰴߩ‫ޟ‬3) ੱᮭᢎ⢒࡮࠺࡯࠻ DV ᢎ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈ‫ߊߒ⹦ߢޠ‬ㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘4 ฬߩදജ⠪ోຬ߇ⷫߦ⋧⺣ߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬A ߐࠎߪ㧘‫߽ⷫࠎ߱ߚޟ‬᳇ߦߥߞߡ޿ߚߣᕁ߁ߌߤ㧘߿ߞ߬ࠅ⥄ಽ߇ߟ߈วߞߡ޿ࠆੱߛ߆ࠄ㧘ⷫߦߪߘߩੱߩᖡ޿ᚲߪ⷗ߖߚߊߥ߆ߞߚ‫⛘ࠄߚߒ⹤ޕ޿ߥ⸶ߒ↳߽ߟ޿߆ࠎߥޟ߿ޠ‬ኻ்ⷫߟߊߒ‫ߒ⺣⋧ߦⷫߣࠎ߶ޕ‬ߡഥߌߡ߽ࠄ߅߁߆ߞߡᕁߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠆߌߤ㧘ߘࠎߥߎߣߐߖࠄࠇࠎߒ㧘ㅒߦⷫߦߘߩੱ߇㧘᥸ജᝄࠆߞߚࠅߒߚࠄ޿߿ߛ߆ࠄ㧘⛘ኻⷫߦߪ⸒߃ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕߚ޿ߡߞ⺆ߣޠ‬B ߐࠎߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ኅᣖߦߪ㧘ߟ߈ว߁ߣ߆⸒߁ߎߣ߇߹ߕ⸵ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߆ࠄ‫ߢࠇߘޕ‬㧘ߐࠄߦߘࠎߥ᥸ജߣ߆ฃߌߡ޿ࠆߣ߆⸒ߞߚࠄ㧘ߤ߁ߥࠆ߆ࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿߆ࠄ㧘޽߹ࠅ⹤ߘ߁ߣߪᕁࠊߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߽ ޟ߿ޠ‬ⷫߦ ⹤ߒߚࠄ㧘ߤ߁߿ߞߡߢ߽೎ࠇߐߖࠃ߁ߣߐࠇࠆ‫ࠄ߆ࠅ⺆ߩࠄࠇߎޕߚ޿ߡߒ⹤ߣޠ‬㧘ⷫߦ⋧⺣ߒ㧘ഥߌࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ߚࠄ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߩᷓೞൻ߿㐳ᦼൻߪ㒐ߋߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘り૕⊛᥸ജࠍฃߌߡ޿ߚ႐ว㧘৻✜ߦ᥵ࠄߒߡ޿ࠆኅᣖ߇ᚒ߇ሶߩᄌൻߦ᳇ઃ߈㧘⹤ࠍ⡞޿ߡߺࠆߣ޿ߞߚኅᣖ㑆ߢߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇ᔅⷐߥߩߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆‫ߪߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘りㄭߦ޿ࠆᢎᏧ߿⍮ੱߥߤ㧘ᄢੱߩ⷗቞ࠅ߿᳇ߠ߈߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ㧘੹࿁ߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘⋧⺣ᯏ㑐ߦ⋧⺣ߒߚੱߪ 1 ੱ߽޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᷓೞߥⵍኂ߿ࠬ࠻࡯ࠞ࡯ⴕὑࠍฃߌߚ႐ว㧘⼊ኤߦ⋧⺣ߒ㧘េഥࠍ᳞߼ࠆߣ޿ߞߚㆬᛯ߽ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᱞ ౝ࡮ዊ ဈ28ㄭᐕߢߪ㧘NPO ╬ߩ᳃㑆ߩ⋧⺣ᯏ㑐߽ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߇ߛޕ‬㧘ߘߩሽ࿷ࠍ⍮ࠄߥ߆ߞߚࠅ㧘⍮ߞߡߪ޿ߡ߽⋧⺣ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿ߩ߇⃻⁁ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ߚ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘৻ᣤ೎ࠇߚᓟߦ߽㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ടኂ↵ᕈߪ㧘ߒߟߎߊㅪ⛊ࠍߣߞߡ߈ߚࠅ㧘߹ߣࠊࠅߟ޿ߡߊࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ‫ߦᤨߩߎޕ‬㧘ࠬ࠻࡯ࠞ࡯⊛ߥⴕὑ߇߽ߞߣ಴⃻ߒߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ኾ㐷⊛ߥ⋧⺣ᯏ㑐߿⼊ኤ߳ߩ⋧⺣ߣ㧘੺౉߇᦭ലߦߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
3㧕ੱᮭᢎ⢒࡮࠺࡯࠻ DV ᢎ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈ੹࿁ߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘4 ฬਛ 3 ฬ߇㜞ᩞ↢ߩߣ߈ߦⵍኂࠍฃߌߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬㜞ᩞ↢ߩᤨߦ࠺࡯࠻ DVⵍኂࠍฃߌߚ႐ว㧘ቇᩞߩᢎᏧ߿㙃⼔ᢎ⻀ߦ⋧⺣ߔࠆߣ޿߁น⢻ᕈ߽චಽ޽ࠅᓧࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᢎᏧోຬ߇࠺࡯࠻ DV ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥ޿‫߇ࠈߎߤࠇߘޕ‬㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ᢎ⢒ࠍቇᩞᢎ⢒ߩਛߦขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߎߣߦᛶ᛫ߩ޽ࠆቇᩞ߿ᢎᏧ߇ᄙ޿ߩ߇⃻⁁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕߢߪ㧘ਛቇ↢߿㜞ᩞ↢ߥߤ㧘ᣧ޿Ბ㓏߆ࠄ⇣ᕈߣⷫኒߥ㑐ଥߦߥࠆ௑ะ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߘࠇߦ઻޿ᕈⴕേߩૐᐕ㦂ൻ߽⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆ‫↵ޕ‬ᅚߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ߿㧘ᕈߦߟ޿ߡߩ⍮⼂߇ਲߒ޿߹߹ⷫኒߥ↵ᅚ㑐ଥߦ౉ߞߡߒ߹޿㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ߩࠃ߁ߥ㑆㆑ߞߚⴕὑࠍᗲᖱߛߣൊ㆑޿ߒߡߒ߹߁ᕟࠇ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߘߎࠄ߆ߛޕ‬㧘ቇᩞ߿ᢎᏧ߇࠺࡯࠻ DV ߩታᘒࠍ߈ߜࠎߣ⹺⼂ߒ㧘⇣ᕈ㑐ଥ߇ᆎ߹ࠆਛቇ࡮㜞ᩞ㧘ߘߒߡᄢቇߩᲑ㓏ߢ㧘ੱᮭᗧ⼂߿࠺࡯࠻ DV ᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡߩᢎ⢒ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇㧘੹ᓟߩ੍㒐࡮໪⊒ᵴേߢߪᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ㧘೨ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘㜞ᩞ↢ߩᤨߦⵍኂࠍฃߌ㧘෹ੱߦ⋧⺣ࠍߒߡ߽㧘ߘߩ෹ੱ߽࠺࡯
࠻ DV ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂߇޽߹ࠅߥ޿⁁ᘒߢߪ㧘ㆡಾߥࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍᓧࠄࠇߥ޿‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ቇᩞߢੱᮭᢎ⢒߿࠺࡯࠻ DV ᢎ⢒ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣߢ㧘৻⇟ߩ⋧⺣⋧ᚻߣߥࠆ෹ੱߦ߽ㆡಾߥ⍮⼂ࠍᢎ᝼ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘ⵍኂߩᷓೞൻ෸߮㐳ᦼൻࠍ㒐ߋߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧘ቇᩞో૕ߢੱᮭᢎ⢒߿࠺࡯࠻ DV 㒐ᱛߦขࠅ⚵ߺ㧘੍㒐࡮໪⊒ᵴേࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣߢ㧘࠺࡯
࠻ DV ߩ⊒↢ࠍ㒐޿ߛࠅ㧘ᣧᦼ⸃᳿ߦ❬ߍߚࠅߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⃻࿷㧘ౝ㑑ᐭ↵ᅚ౒หෳ↹ዪ߇ਛᔃߣߥࠅ㧘‫ޟ‬ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕᐲᅚᕈߦኻߔࠆ᥸ജࠍߥߊߔㆇേ‫ޠ‬(2010)ࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ਛቇᩞ࡮㜞╬ቇᩞ࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ㧘㕍ዋᐕߦኻߔࠆᢎ⢒ࠍ৻ጀᒝൻߔࠆߎߣ߇੹ᓟᒝߊᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Φ ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴 ੹࿁ߩ⎇ⓥߢ㧘࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂ߇ᷓೞൻߔࠆⷐ࿃ߣߒߡߪ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߩ̌⥄Ꮖ‶†ᕈ̍ߣ̌ᕜੱ߳ߩଐሽᕈ̍ߩ㜞ߐߣ޿߁୘ੱ․ᕈ߇ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐߪ㧘వⴕ⎇ⓥ߿ᄙߊߩᢥ₂ߣ৻⥌ߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߪ㧘̌⥄Ꮖਥᒛജ̍߿̌ੱᮭᗧ⼂̍߇ૐߊ㧘ߎߩߎߣ߇࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂࠍ㐳ᦼൻߐߖߡ޿ࠆⷐ࿃ߩ 1 ߟߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘̌ᕜੱ߳ߩଐሽᕈ̍ߩૐߐ߿ ̌✕ᕆᤨߩេഥⷐ⺧ജ̍߇ⵍኂߩᷓೞൻࠍ㒐߉㧘ᣧᦼ⸃᳿߳❬ߋߚ߼ߩⷐ࿃ߩ 1 ߟߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ㧘ቇᩞ࡮ᄢቇߢߩੱᮭᢎ⢒߿࠺࡯࠻DV ໪⊒ᵴേࠍ᦭ല⊛ߦᯏ⢻ߐߖ㧘৻ጀᒝൻߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ㧘੹࿁ߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘දജ⠪ߩੱᢙ߽ዋߥߊ㧘ᐕ㦂߽㒢ቯ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈ
ߩ୘ੱ․ᕈ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⢛᥊ߢᒻᚑߐࠇߡ߈ߚߩ߆ߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߪߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ㧘ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᚑ⢒ᱧ߿ੱᮭᗧ⼂㧘ᕜᗲ⚻㛎㧘୘ੱ․ᕈߥߤࠍ฽߼ߡ⺞ᩏߒ㧘ߘߩ㑐ㅪᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘੹࿁ߩ㕙ធදജ⠪ߪ㧘ోຬ߇ 10 ઍᓟඨ㨪20 ઍ೨࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߩᔃℂ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾰⊛⎇ⓥ

29ඨߢ޽ߞߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ㧘ߐࠄߦⵍኂᅚᕈߩኻ⽎ࠍᐢߍߡ㕙ធࠍⴕ޿㧘࠺࡯࠲ࠍⓍߺ㊀ߨࠆᔅⷐ߇
޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫੍ޕ‬㒐࡮ᣧᦼ⸃᳿ߩߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ᢎ⢒࡮໪⊒ᵴേߩታᣉߣലᨐߩ᷹ቯ߽ᱷߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘⋧⺣ᯏ㑐߿ᡰេ૕೙ߩᢛ஻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⻢ㄉ ੹࿁㧘㕙ធߦදജߒ࠺࡯࠻ DV ߣ޿߁㕖Ᏹߦㄆ޿૕㛎ࠍ⹤ߒߡߊߛߐߞߚ 4 ฬߩᣇߦ㧘ᔃࠃࠅᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ᧄ⺰ᢥߪ㧘╙ੑ╩⠪߇තᬺ⺰ᢥ⎇ⓥߣߒߡ෼㓸ߒߚ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ޿ߚߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬තᬺ⺰ᢥ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁ߦ޽ߚߞߡ㧘ᄙᄢߥࠆߏᜰዉࠍߊߛߐߞߚᢎ⢒ᔃℂቇㆬୃ࡮ᔃℂ
ಽ㊁ߩ⻉వ↢ᣇߦᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒁ↪ᢥ₂㆙⮮ᥓሶ 2007 ࠺࡯࠻ DV㧙ᗲ߆᥸ജ߆㧘⷗ᛮߊജ߇޽ߥߚࠍᢇ߁ KK ࡌࠬ࠻࠮࡜࡯࠭Ꮉፒ૫ઍሶ࡮ਃỈኼ⟤࡮⷏⣁⟤ᤐ࡮㆙⮮ᕺሶ 2006 DV(࠼ࡔࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢ࡮ࡃࠗࠝ࡟ࡦࠬ)ߩⵍኂߣ
࿁ᓳㆊ⒟߳ߩᡰេ̆╙ 1 ႎ㧦ⵍኂߩታᘒߣᡰេߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴̆㧘ጊᒻ଻ஜක≮⎇ⓥ㧘9㧙32
⼊ⷞᐡ 2007 ㈩஧⠪߆ࠄߩ᥸ജ੐᩺ߩ᭎ᴫዊᴰᄹᄩ࡮ศᱞਭ⟤ሶ 2008 㕍ᐕᦼ↵ᅚߦ߅ߌࠆ࠺࡯࠻ DV ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹺⼂ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⺞ᩏ ⚐ᔃ⃻ઍ⑔␩⎇ⓥ㧘12㧘61㧙75ౝ㑑ᐭ↵ᅚ౒หෳ↹ዪ 2010 ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕᐲ‫ޟ‬ᅚᕈߦኻߔࠆ᥸ജࠍߥߊߔㆇേ‫ޠ‬ታᣉⷐ✁ౝ㑑ᐭ↵ᅚ౒หෳ↹ዪ 2008 ↵ᅚ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏౝ㑑ᐭ↵ᅚ౒หෳ↹ዪ 2006 ㈩஧⠪߆ࠄߩ᥸ജߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲
ᣣᧄ DV 㒐ᱛ࡮ᖱႎ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ 2005 ᣂ ࠼ࡔࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢ࡮ࡃࠗࠝ࡟ࡦࠬ߳ߩⷞὐ ᧇ㣕ᦠᚱየፒ␞ሶ 2005 DV ᡰេ⠪ࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢ ᧇ㣕ᦠᚱࠨ࠻࠙࠲࠷ࡗ 2009 TEM ߢߪߓ߼ࠆ⾰⊛⎇ⓥ̆ᤨ㑆ߣࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍᛒ߁⎇ⓥࠍ߼ߑߒߡ̆ ⺈ାᦠᚱ㋈ᧁ߭ߣߺ࡮⇌ਅඳ਎࡮Ꮉ੗౎㊀࡮ᵻ੗㚅ઍሶ࡮ᬀ᧛⋥ሶ࡮═᧻㓉ᵗ 2009 㜞ᩞ↢ߩኻੱ㑐ଥᒻᚑߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆⷐ࿃ߩᬌ⸛̆࠺࡯࠻ DV(Dating Violence)ߩẜ࿷ᕈߣߩ㑐ㅪ̆ ṑ⾐ක⑼ᄢቇ⋴⼔ቇࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞㧘7(1)㧘51㧙56
ን቟ବሶ࡮㋈੗ᳯਃሶ 2008 ࠼ࡔࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢ࡮ࡃࠗࠝ࡟ࡦࠬߣ࠺࡯࠻ DV ߩ⋧㆑߅ࠃ߮ᡰេ૕೙
ߩ⺖㗴 Ꮉፒක≮⑔␩ቇળ⹹㧘18(1)㧘65㧙74ጊญߩࠅሶ 2006 ᗲߔࠆ㧘ᗲߐࠇࠆ࠺࡯࠻ DV ࠍߥߊߔ⧯⠪ߩߚ߼ߩ࡟࠶ࠬࡦ 7 ᪸ߩᧁ⥢቟↰⵨ሶ࡮⨹Ꮉᱠ࡮㜟↰ᴕ❱࡮ᧁᚭᓀᕺ࡮ࠨ࠻࠙࠲࠷ࡗ 2008 ᧂᇕߩ⧯ᐕᅚᕈߩਛ⛘⚻㛎̆⃻ታ⊛೙⚂ߣ㑐ଥᕈߩਛߢᄌൻߔࠆ㧘ᄙ᭽ߥᓘ〝ߦ⌕⋡ߒߡ ⾰⊛ᔃℂቇ⎇ⓥ㧘7㧘181㧙203
ศጟ㚅 2007 ࠺࡯࠻ DV ⵍኂᅚᕈߩ⇣ᕈߣߩ㑐ଥᕈߩ޽ࠅᣇߦߟ޿ߡ ੱ㑆ᕈᔃℂቇ⎇ⓥ㧘
25(2)㧘
101㧙113ศጟ㚅 2006 ࠼ࡔࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢࡃࠗࠝ࡟ࡦࠬⵍኂᅚᕈ߇᥸ജ㑐ଥࠍᢿߟⷐ࿃ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⥃ᐥᔃℂቇ⊛⎇ⓥ ੱ㑆ᕈᔃℂቇ⎇ⓥ㧘24(1)㧘23㧙33ᱞ ౝ࡮ዊ ဈ

30

Qualitative Research on the Psychological Process ofDate Violence Survivor’s Ended Their Relationship̆Applying TEM (Trajectory Equifinality Model)̆
TAKEUCHI, Tamami and KOSAKA, Mariko

Abstract
The violence between un-married young couples is known as date
DV (domestic violence), which is a common problem among this age group.
Despite the fact that quantitative research on date DV has been
conducted many times, not enough qualitative research on thepsychological process of its victims has been carried out in Japan.
This qualitative research is accomplished by interviewing thevictims on their experiences in ending their abusive relationships. Their
psychological process was analyzed by applying TEM. The analysis
showed that the reason why seriously detrimental date DV occurs is thevictims’ thinking of “sacrificing themselves” and “depending on theirboyfriends”. It also showed that the reason why prolonged date DV occurs
is their thinking of “the inability to express themselves” and “lack ofsense of human rights”. On the other hand, “independence from theirboyfriends” and “the ability to ask for help in emergency” directly
prevented the tendency for the DV to be serious and contributed to theearly solution of it.
Therefore it can be concluded that education on the different methods ofpreventing DV on the basis of human rights education is required injunior and senior high schools.
‫ޣ‬Key words‫  ޤ‬date DV㧘 trajectory equifinality model(TEM)㧘 related
factor