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2024

経 済・経 営
人文・法・薬英語問

解答はすべてマーク式で解答用紙に記入して下さい。

題

解答用紙のみ提出して下さい。

2024 年 2 月 9 日（金）
実施
マーク式解答用紙記入上の注意〔 1 〕 解答用紙はすべて HB の黒鉛筆で記入して下さい。（万年筆・ボールペン・シャープペンシルなどは使用できません。）〔 2 〕 解答用紙は折りまげたり, 破ったり, 汚したりしないで丁寧に取り扱って下さい。
〔 3 〕 解答は解答用紙の指定された解答欄に記入し, その他の部分には何も書いてはいけません。
〔 4 〕 氏名を記入して下さい。
〔 5 〕 受験番号を記入し, さらにその下の〔 6 〕 解答科目欄から解答する科目を１つ選び,マーク欄にマークして下さい。

科目の右の〔例〕 受験番号が 0010123 のときはれていない場合, または複数の科目にマーク氏にマークして下さい。マークさされている場合は, 0 点となります。

名〔 7 〕 解答番号は1から45まであります。
受 験 番 号

マークの記入方法は, 例えば,10と表示のある問に対して 3 と解答する場合は,0 0 0 0 0 0 0

次の〔例〕のように解答番号 10 の解答欄に 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1とマークして下さい。

2 2 2 2 2 2 2〔例〕
解答番号

3 3 3 3 3 3 310

4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5

答欄

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10〔 8 〕 一度記入したマークを訂正する場合, 消しゴムで完全に消してから記入しなおして下さ

6 6 6 6 6 6 67 7 7 7 7 7 7解い。
〔 9 〕 解答がおわったら, 解答用紙に付着してい8 8 8 8 8 8 8る消しゴムの消しくずをきれいに取り除いて

9 9 9 9 9 9 9下さい。

三校紙（注） 0 と 1 のマーク間違いに注意して下さい。

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認知的な発達と学習に関する以下の文章を読み，下の設問 ）〜 ）に答えよ。
〜（解答番号）

About seven years ago, I started learning how to paint as a hobby. I was pretty terrible.
Everything looked flat, I did not have the right proportions, and my colors were totally off. My!
アfriends and colleagues suggested that I stop wasting my time（a）something I wasnʼt goodat. “Focus on your day job,” they said.

I kept at itpracticing, taking classes, finding the right teachers who could teach andchallenge me. Over five years, painting started to become intuitive*, and surprisingly, I am now
considered “good.”

Today, the same friends say I was born with this talent.

“Youʼre in thewrong profession,” one said recently.

The same thing happened when I started piano and singing lessons a couple of years ago.
Comments shifted from, “Stop wasting your time and focus on what you know,” to “Youʼve got amusical talent.”

These comments originate from long-held beliefs that growth is largely not possible for adults.
Even when there is evidence of learning, it can be caused by talent from birth, like the commentsthat I received suggested. Most scientific studies on adulthood focus on cognitive* maintenance!
Aor decline, rather than growth,（b）that even scientists may think that development is severely

limited in adulthood. The prevailing* mentality is represented by proverbs, such as “use it or loseit,” or worse, “old dogs canʼt learn new tricks.”!
イA few recent studies, such as ones by Arne May and Denise Park,（c）suggest thatlearning new skills, such as juggling or photography, for even three months may strengthen!
Bbrain functioning in adults.

I would take these studies one step further to argue that an important cause of cognitiveaging is the very fact that adults learn a lot fewer new skills compared to infants and children. If
we can figure out how to learn well as adults

in other words, cognitive growththen perhaps

we can develop better approaches to preventing, or at least delaying, cognitive aging.

For the pastyears, Iʼve conducted research on learning during infancy*. I learned how topaint, sing, and play the piano in part to connect ideas about infant learning with a better

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understanding of adult learning, one of the topics I now research.

Other scientists and I have found that there are six aspects in the environment and within
infants and children that help these young learners learn so efficiently.

. Open-minded, input-driven learning（learning new patterns, new skills, exploring outside of oneʼscomfort zone）.
. Individual support（consistent access to teachers who guide learning）.
. Growth mindset*（belief that abilities are developed with effort）.
. Forgiving environment（allowed to make mistakes and even fail）.
. Serious commitment to learning（learn to master essential skills rather than hobbies, persist despitesetbacks*）.
. Learning multiple skills at the same time（such as developing language, motor*, visual and socialskills）.

By contrast, adults are often reluctant to go outside of their comfort zones. We donʼt haveconsistent access to teachers. We fear looking stupid for making mistakes; we fear failure could
cost us our jobs. We abandon the six aspects because they make us inefficient adults!
ウ

we typically

get paid for what we know. Perhaps a reason we see cognitive decline is that we do not engage
in learning new skills for many years.

I believe that（d）scientists and the general public underestimate* the capacity ofcognitive growth in adults, especially older adults. In the coming years, I will test these ideas
using scientific methods to better understand how cognitive development occurs in adulthood. In themeantime, letʼs change the conversations about aging from the negative views of maintenanceand decline to positive views of growth.

To better communicate with my in-laws*, Iʼm starting to learn German, by once again!
エemploying the learning strategies of an infant.

Iʼm currently at the “listening and babbling* ”

phase. Sure, some may laugh at an adult babbling,（e）I hope one day to have a fluentconversation in German, and to inspire many other adults to learn like a baby.

Adapted from an article by Rachel Wo, April,, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN

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Notes:
intuitive = 直感的なcognitive = 認知のprevailing = 一般的な
infancy = 幼児期
mindset = 考え方
setback = 妨げmotor = 運動のunderestimate = 過小評価する
in-laws = 義理の両親や兄弟姉妹
babbling = 幼児のおしゃべり

設問（アクセント）の位置が異なる単語をそれぞれ"〜%） 二重下線部分!
B
Ａ，!の単語と，第一強勢から一つ選べ。
!
Ａsci・en・tif・ic"

in・flu・en・tial#

en・er・get・ic$

fun・da・men・tal%

mag・nif・i・cent
解答番号!
B

pho・tog・ra・phy"

bi・ol・o・gy#

com・fort・a・ble$o・rig・i・nal%

sig・nif・i・cant
解答番号

三校
紙

全 ２枚中その２４９８０２̲3↑２４９８０２ Page 4 2023.10.25 16.42.53） 空所（a）〜（e）を埋めるのに最も適当なものをそれぞれ"〜%から一つ選べ。

a "
!

on

#by

$of%

to
解答番号!
b "
$

suggest#suggestionsuggested%suggesting
解答番号c "!
$does

#aredo%

be
解答番号!
d "

both

#each

$either%neither
解答番号e "!
$which#thatbut%

or
解答番号

三校
紙

全 ２枚中その２４９８０２̲4↑２４９８０２ Page 5 2023.10.25 16.42.53） 下線部分〜の意味に最も近いものをそれぞれ!〜$から一つ選べ。

my colors were totally off!

I did not even know the names of the colors"

I did not have the necessary colors of paint for painting#

I did not paint with the proper colors$

I did not have knowledge of color blending
解答番号

old dogs canʼt learn new tricks!

older people have lots of difficulties in acquiring new skills"

older people begin to judge things by experience#older people find it easier to acquire new knowledge$older people come to believe they canʼt develop
解答番号they make us inefficient adults!

older people are attracted to inefficient ways"

cognitive development of older people will stop#the six aspects prevent adults from performing at their best$

adults often work in environments that include the six aspects
解答番号by once again employing the learning strategies of an infant!

by going to school for learning German as children do"by examining the theory about children and adultsʼ learning#by learning German under conditions similar to childrenʼs$by teaching a language to children in an efficient way
解答番号三校紙

全 ２枚中その２４９８０２̲5↑２４９８０２ Page 6 2023.10.25 16.42.53） 本文の内容と合致するものを!〜'から三つ選べ。ただし，解答の順序は問わない。
!

The author used to be so bad at painting that even the authorʼs friends said so.

"The author was able to master the piano more easily than painting.

#Learning more than one thing at a time is not effective.

$The author found a better way to learn from the parenting experience.

%

It is important not to worry about making errors so much when learning something.

&The authorʼs research interests are childrenʼs and adultsʼ learning processes.

'The author always studies alone to be able to speak German fluently.

解答番号
解答番号解答番号） この記事のタイトルとして最もふさわしいものはどれか，!〜&から一つ選べ。
!

Six Myths We Face about Cognitive Growth and Learning"

Six Myths Adults Believe about Learning New Skills#Six Methods Infants Can Use for Learning New Languages$

Six Methods Adults Can Use to Care for Children%

Six Secrets Scientists Reject about Learning New Skills&Six Secrets Infants Can Teach Adults about Learning

解答番号三校紙

全 ２枚中その２４９８０２̲6↑２４９８０２ Page 7 2023.10.25 16.42.53

次の ）〜）の英文中の空所を埋めるのに最も適当なものをそれぞれ!〜$から一つ選べ。

（解答番号〜）） All citizens are required to

the laws of the country.

!

obey

"

obey to#obey for$obey in.

） The deposit will be paid back about three to five days after the event!

was concluded"

will conclude#has concluded$

had concluded） My bike needs

because the brakes are not working properly.

! to repair"

repairing# repaired$repair） Do you mind her

with us to the party tonight?

!

coming"to come#come$came） I visited the parkI used to play as a child.

!

why"

which#what$where） My mother divided the cake into three equal pieces, and I ate!

two-thirds"

two-third#

two-three$second-three） The materialof it.

for this dress is soft cotton.

!

using"

uses#

which uses$used） She wasnʼt angry with him

disappointed in his behavior.

!

despite"so much as#in terms of$depending on三校紙

全 ２枚中その２４９８０２̲7↑２４９８０２ Page 8 2023.10.25 16.42.53） This baseball bat ismine.

!

five inches as long as"five inches longer than#more five inches than$longer five inches than, refusing to let anyone enter the room.

） He stood in the doorway with his arms!

cross"

crossed#to cross$crossingI a superhero, I would use my power to fight against injustice.

）
!

If"

Were

#Do$Am） I had a precious old cup, but I lostduring the move.

!

it"one#this$which） We will soon catch upthe company in technology.

!

for"

in#of$with） It is very kind

you to donate to the charity every year.

!

at"for#of$bya lot of snow on the mountain, we believe a cold winter is coming soon.

）!

Seeing"To see#Being seen

$Seen

三校
紙

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設問 A，B に答えよ。（解答番号Ａ〜）

次の ）〜 ）の日本語の意味を表すように，〔〕の中の語句を並べ替えて英文を完成し，空所を埋めるのに最も適当なものをそれぞれ!〜&から一つ選べ。なお，文頭にくる文字も小文字で示されている。

）

名の学生が出席簿に追加されました。
list.

Three students〔 ! have"#attendance$to%added&thebeen 〕
解答番号解答番号） 彼らは申し出を断るかもしれませんが，その場合は私たちが交渉します。
.

They might decline the offer,〔 ! which"#negotiate$will%

in&wecase 〕
解答番号解答番号） 雨にもかかわらず，そのイベントは成功しました。
,〔 ! of"the event#spitewas successful.
$%rain&inthe 〕
解答番号解答番号） 砥部動物園は，私たちが今いるところからそう遠くはない。
we are now.

Tobe Zoo〔 ! is"

from

#so

$%

wherenot&far 〕
解答番号解答番号） 台所で何かが燃えているにおいがする，と彼女は言った。
in the kitchen.

She〔!

smell"

could#something$said%

burning&she 〕

解答番号
解答番号

全 ２枚中その２４９８０２̲9三校紙↑２４９８０２ Page 10 2023.10.25 16.42.53

Ｂ次の ）〜 ）の会話の下線部分の中から，表現に誤りのあるものをそれぞれ!〜$から一つ選べ。

） Ａ：On TV yesterday, I was shocking to see that such a large amount of food is wasted at!
most supermarkets in Japan every day.
Ｂ：Yes, itʼs a serious problem. Can you come up with a good idea to reduce food waste?
"
Ａ：First, consumers like us could change our habits. We tend to take the newest itemson the shelf, while leaving the older ones unsold.
#Ｂ：Ah, OK. We should make it a rule to take the oldest first, shouldnʼt we?
$解答番号） Ａ：Do you know who this is? Itʼs my dad when he was about my age.
!
Ｂ：Wow, he looks just like you.
"
Ａ：Yes, and we also had the same ambition when we were young, to become a lawyer,
but we both gave up it.
#
Ｂ：Thatʼs funny. As the old saying goes, like father, like son.
$
解答番号三校紙

全 ２枚中その２４９８０２̲10↑２４９８０２ Page 11 2023.10.25 16.42.53） Ａ：When you go clothes shopping, do you care about the brand?
!
Ｂ：Yes, to some extent, I do. The quality of brand items is guaranteed. How about you?
"
Ａ：No, not really. For me, the price is most important. Iʼm poor at finding no-brand#clothes of good quality.
Ｂ：Oh, really? Then, could you come shopping with me next weekend? Iʼd like to get a
new spring coat, but donʼt have enough money to get a luxury brand.
$解答番号） Ａ：What seems to be the problem today?
!
Ｂ：My arms and knees hurt every time I move.
"
Ａ：OK, let me have a look. Sit down here, please. Do you know what may have caused this?
#
Ｂ：Yesterday I played tennis for the last time in two years.
$
解答番号４） Ａ：The cost of living these days is so high.
!
Ｂ：Have you heard about this new increase in electricity prices?
"
Ａ：Yes, I have. Our bills were bad in summer and will get even worse, they say.
#
Ｂ：They are already too high, so I can afford to pay my bills this winter.
$
解答番号三校紙

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