10th Anniversary

VIII-3

Electrification in rural area(Biomass) SDB
for APEIS/IEA and APEIS/RISPO

Junichi Fujino (NIES)
The 10th AIM International Workshop; 10-12, March 2005,
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan1

Environmental options of electrification in rural area

Budget for
efficientenduse device

Budget for
renewable in rural

Subsidy for
introductionof diesel Eng.

Subsidy for
introductionof biomass (G)Subsidy for
introductionof biomass (S)Subsidy for
introductionof hydro

Subsidy for
introductionof wind

Subsidy for
introductionof PV

Subsidy for
introductionof Frm. Sys.

Subsidy for
introductionof Bms. Plnt.

Subsidy for
introductionof Rcv. Landfill

Low interest
loan for Int.
of diesel Eng.

Low interest
loan for Int.
of biomass (G)Low interest
loan for Int.
of biomass (S)Low interest
loan for Int.
of hydroLow interest
loan for Int.
of windLow interest
loan for Int.
of PV

Low interest
loan for Int.
of Frm. Sys.

Low interest
loan for Int.
of Bms. Plnt.

Low interest
loan for Int.
of Rcv. Landfill

Subsidy for
introductionof efficientpump

Subsidy for
introductionof efficientgreenhouse

Subsidy for
introductionof efficient
dairy farm

Subsidy for
introductionof efficientmotor

Subsidy for
introductionof efficient
lighting

Subsidy for
introductionof efficient
air conditioner

Subsidy for
introductionof efficient
ICT

Low interest
loan for Int.
of efficientpump

Low interest
loan for Int.
of efficientgreenhouse

Low interest
loan for Int.
of efficient
dairy farm

Low interest
loan for Int.
of efficientmotor

Low interest
loan for Int.
of efficient
lighting

Low interest
loan for Int.
of efficient
air conditioner

Low interest
loan for Int.
of efficient
ICT

EAAA

AD

AEAF

AG

AHAI

Low interest
loan for Trns.
of waste etc.

Constraint
scenario

Budget fortraining school

Budget forE-learning

Budget for
ICT network

Budget fordevelopmentof DB

Establishmentof training
schoolE-learning fordesign etc.

ICT-enabled
network oftechnician

Database ofbest practiceExcellent
designer ofsystem/plant

Excellent
Assembler ofsystem/plant

Careful
Maintenanceof system/plant

Measure ofpotential

Night soil

Recovery ofnight soilFoodresidues

Recovery offood
residues

Constraint
scenario

Budget for
expansion of grid

Truck forwaste paperTruck for
waste textile

Biomass
plantation
farmingEG

Cooperationof developedC(Efficient operation of generation)

D (Efficient operation of biomass plantation)

Gridcapacity

Ele. via
grid

Agriculture
residues

Recovery ofagriculture
residues

Conventional
pump
GridLivestock
manureBAAAG

Recovery oflivestock
manureBudget for
constructionof logging road

Methanefermentation

Constraint
scenario

Thinnedwood

Recovery ofthinned wood

Constraint
scenario

Lumberresidues

Recovery of
Recovery of
lumberthinned wood
residues

Constraint
scenario

BagasseRecovery ofbagasseConstraint
scenario

wastepaper

Recovery of
waste paper

Constraint
scenario

wastetextile

Recovery of
waste textile

Constraint
scenario

Plantation
bio-energy

Plantation
bio-energy

Dieselengine

AB

Efficient
greenhouse

Biomass(gas)Biomass(gas)AC

Conventional
Dairy farmC
Biomass(solid)AD

Constraint
scenario

Hydro

Mini-hydroAE

Constraint
scenario

WindWind

AF

Constraint
scenario

Conventional
greenhouse

Oil

Biomass(solid)

SolarPV

Ele. via
mini/off

Off grid /Mini gridConventional
motor
Efficient
motor
Conventional
lighting

Conventional
air conditioner
Efficient
air conditioner

Conventional
ICT
Constraint
scenario

Landfill

Recovery ofLandfill gas

Pump

Pump

Green-house

Greenhouse

Dairyfarm

Dairy farm

Motor

MotorEBEC

Conventional
dairy farm

Efficient
lightingAI

EA

Efficientpump

Electricity

Logging road

Truckfor bagasse

B

Constraint
scenario

Constraint
scenario

Truck forLumber Rs.

EF

Efficient
ICT

Agriculture

Agriculture

Truck forLvs. Mnr.

SMEs

EE

Electricity demand in household (continue into “O” of Res.)
Constraint
scenario

AH

ED(Extension of potential)

Truck forAgr. Rsd.

DEC(Decrease of initial cost and running cost of efficient enduse device)

Sewerage

Truck forgarbage

Truckin forestry

EBED

I4 of Res.
EE
LightingLighting

I5 of Res.
I1 of Res.
EFAir
conditioner
I6 of Res.
EGAir
conditioner

2ICT

ICT

SMEs (Small and Medium sized Enterprises)

Cesspoolcleaner truck

HouseholdOil

AC(Decrease of initial cost and running cost of renewable)

Budget fortransportationof waste etc.

Subsidy fortransportationof waste etc.

ABElectrification in rural area (Biomass)
SDB for IEA and RISPOFor IEA• Detailed but rough flow sketch than theothers (transportation, residential, water)• Kindly ask your idea to enhance this flow
For RISPO• Focused on industry-wise, residentialwise flow analysis including SPO(Strategic Policy Options)
3Win-Win
Situation
Palm OilIndustries

SPO
SPONo.8
No.8
Decentralised
Decentralised
energyenergynetwork
network
Optimum mixture Renewable(between rubber wood + Portfolioand palm residues) Standard (RPS)
Local SPPs

Palm trunks
And leafs
9,239 mTon
Fiber
479 mTon

splitting into
small pieces

SPO
SPONo.6
No.6
Roadshow/Road show/
Open
Openhouse
house→Enhance→Enhance
by-products
by-products utili.
utili.

SPO
SPONo.12
No.12
ITITbasedbased
technician
techniciantraining
training
system→system→increaseincreaselabor
laborskill
skill

SPO
No.11
SPO No.11
CDM,CDM,MicroMicrofinancefinance→→diffuse
diffuseeffective
effectivedevices
devices

SPO
No.14
SPO No.14
Tech.
dev.
Tech. dev.andandappli.
appli.with
withlocal
local
resources
resources→→techtechdiffusion
diffusion

Fuel inInternal boiler

Heat

Fuel in local
SPPs or others

Heat andElectricity

No.6

Mushroom
cultivation

Seasonal
mushroom

No.6

Soil covermaterials

Soil materials

No.4

New agrotechnology

High quality
brown paper

Pyrolysis andSteam activation

ActivatedcarbonMixed withasphalt

Road/
Pathway

Fuel in brick/cement factories

Heat for brick/cement factories

580 mTon

No.4

Shell
160 mTon

SPO
SPONo.4
No.4
New
technology
New technology
Installation
Installation→Enhance→Enhanceexcess
excesswaste
wasteutilisation
utilisation

No.1

415 mTon
No.8

EFB
1,394 mTon

SPO
SPONo.1
No.1
Voluntary
Voluntary
Agreement
Agreement→Energy→Energyefficiency
efficiency
improvement
improvement

No.6
154 mTon
No.6

Wastewater
2.24 mM3
No.4

No.4

UASB
technology

BiogasCSTR system

BiogasDecanter cakeNo.6 Soil conditioner/
fertilization

No.6

Animal feed

Soil materials

Animal foodCurrent excess waste
PT&L = 9,239 mTon
EFB = 814 mTon
Fiber = 64 mTon
Shell = 6 mTon

4

SPO
Win-Win
SPONo.1
No.1
SPO
SPONo.8
No.8
Voluntary
Voluntary
Decentralised
Decentralised
Situation
Agreement
Agreement
energynetwork
energy network→Energy
Palm Oil→Energyefficiency
efficiency
improvement
improvement
Industries
mixture Renewable
Package of Optimum
Voluntary
based,SPO
SPONo.12
No.12(between rubber wood + Portfolio
and palm residues)Standard (RPS)
Less cost Policy
OptionsLocal SPPs
Palm trunks
And leafs
9,239 mTon
Fiber
479 mTon

splitting intosmall pieces

No.1
Fuel inInternal boiler

Heat

Fuel in local
SPPs or others

Heat andElectricity

No.6

Mushroom
cultivation

Seasonal
mushroom

No.6

Soil covermaterials

Soil materials

No.4

New agrotechnology

High quality
brown paper

Pyrolysis andSteam activation

ActivatedcarbonMixed withasphalt

Road/
Pathway

Fuel in brick/cement factories

Heat for brick/cement factories

415 mTon
No.8

580 mTon
EFB
1,394 mTon

No.4

Shell160 mTon

ITITbased
based
techniciantechniciantraining
training
system→system→increaseincreaselabor
laborskill
skill

No.6
154 mTon
No.6

SPO
SPONo.4
No.4
New
technology
New technology
Installation
Installation→Enhance→Enhanceexcess
excesswaste
wasteutilisation
utilisation

SPO
SPONo.6
No.6
Roadshow/Road show/
Open
Openhouse
house→Enhance→Enhance
by-products
by-products utili.
utili.

SPO
No.11
SPO No.11
CDM,CDM,MicroMicrofinancefinance→→diffuse
diffuseeffective
effectivedevices
devices

SPO
No.14
SPO No.14
Tech.
dev.
Tech. dev.andandappli.
appli.with
withlocal
local
resources
resources→→tech
techdiffusion
diffusion

Wastewater
2.24 mM3
No.4

No.4

UASB
technology

BiogasCSTR system

BiogasDecanter cakeNo.6 Soil conditioner/
fertilization

No.6

Animal feed

Soil materials

Animal foodCurrent excess waste
PT&L = 9,239 mTon
EFB = 814 mTon
Fiber = 64 mTon
Shell = 6 mTon

5Win-WinSPO
SPONo.8
No.8
Decentralised
Decentralised
Situationenergyenergynetwork
network
Palm Oil
Industries
Renewable
Package of Optimum
Newmixture
tech.
+(between rubber wood Portfolio

and palmresidues) costStandard (RPS)
diffusion withmoreLocal SPPs
Palm trunks
And leafs
9,239 mTon
Fiber
479 mTon

splitting into
small pieces

SPO
SPONo.6
No.6
Roadshow/Road show/
Open
Openhouse
house→Enhance→Enhance
by-products
by-products utili.
utili.

SPO
SPONo.12
No.12
ITITbased
based
technician
techniciantraining
training
system→system→increaseincreaselabor
laborskill
skill

SPO
No.11
SPO No.11
CDM,CDM,MicroMicrofinancefinance→→diffuse
diffuseeffective
effectivedevices
devices

SPO
No.14
SPO No.14
Tech.
dev.
Tech. dev.andandappli.
appli.with
withlocal
local
resourcesresources→→techtechdiffusion
diffusion

Fuel inInternal boiler

Heat

Fuel in local
SPPs or others

Heat andElectricity

No.6

Mushroom
cultivation

Seasonal
mushroom

No.6

Soil covermaterials

Soil materials

No.4

New agrotechnology

High quality
brown paper

Pyrolysis andSteam activation

ActivatedcarbonMixed withasphalt

Road/
Pathway

Fuel in brick/cement factories

Heat for brick/cement factories

580 mTon

No.4

Shell
160 mTon

SPO
SPONo.4
No.4
New
technology
New technology
Installation
Installation→Enhance→Enhanceexcess
excesswaste
wasteutilisation
utilisation

No.1

415 mTon
No.8

EFB1,394 mTon

SPO
SPONo.1
No.1
Voluntary
Voluntary
Agreement
Agreement→Energy→Energyefficiency
efficiency
improvement
improvement

No.6
154 mTon
No.6

Wastewater
2.24 mM3
No.4

No.4

UASB
technology

BiogasCSTR system

BiogasDecanter cakeNo.6 Soil conditioner/
fertilization

No.6

Animal feed

Soil materials

Animal foodCurrent excess waste
PT&L = 9,239 mTon
EFB = 814 mTon
Fiber = 64 mTon
Shell = 6 mTon

6

Conceptual output from SDB and SPO
CostMaterial Input
New Tech

Voluntary

Voluntary
New Tech

All SPOs

Environmental burden
Voluntary
New TechAll SPOs

Labor
All SPOs
Voluntary

New Tech
All SPOs

7

Electrification in rural area (Biomass)
SDB for IEA and RISPOFor IEA• Detailed but rough flow sketch than theothers (transportation, residential, water)• Kindly ask your idea to enhance this flow
For RISPO• Includes more social and economical
options. Difficulty in quantification.
8