Role of ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’[Clean India Mission] in GHG Mitigation:
A case of Indore, India
Manmohan KapsheDepartment of Architecture and Planning
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

25th AIM International Workshop, NIES, Tsukuba Japan
18-19 November 2019

We would like to acknowledge the help and support renderedby the officials of Indore Municipal Corporation especially Chief City Planner
Mr. Vishnu Khare in carrying out this study.

Presentation Sequence Urban Transition in India
 What is Swachch Bharat Abhiyan?
 National Targets and Achievement
 Indore a case example of SBA
 AIM activities in 2018-19

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Urban Transition in India

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Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Million Plus UAs / Cities India
53 Million Plus UAs / Cities in India with population of one
million or more. In Census 2001 the number was only 35. by
2021 it would reach 75.

Mega UAs/Cities• Three megacities in India as per Census 2011were having 10 million or more population• These are:

• Greater Mumbai UA

18.4 million• Delhi UA

16.3 million• Kolkata UA

14.1 million

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Number of UAs/Towns and OGs in India
2011
Census

2001Census

1. Towns:

7,935

5,161

(a) Statutory Towns

4,041

3,799

(b) Census Towns

3,894

1,362

2. Urban Agglomerations

475384

3. Out Growths (OGs)

981

953

Type of Urban Units

377 million persons were living in the urban areas of thecountry, constituting 31.16% of total population
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Rural to Urban Transition in India

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
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Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Urban Sanitation & Waste Management Reality

USD 54Billion

100,000

12%21.5%

India loses USD
54 Billion peryear due toinadequate
sanitation

Poor sanitationand hygiene
cause 100,000
child deaths per
year in India

Over 12% Urban
households inIndia defecate in
the open

Only 21.5% ofSolid Waste
generated inof India isprocessed

Sources: World Bank, JICA, 2011

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

What is Swachch Bharat Abhiyan (SBA)••••••

A nation-wide campaign in India launched for the period 2014 to2019.
The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat,New Delhi by Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi on the 145thbirth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
Its official name is in Hindi (स्वच्छ भारत) translates to ‘Mission for Neatand Tidy India’ or simply ‘Clean India’ in English
It aims to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India'scities, towns, urban and rural areas.
The mission has two thrusts: SBA (Rural), which operates under theMinistry of Drinking Water and Sanitation; and SBA (urban), which
operates under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
(SBM-U), aims at making urban India free from open defecation andachieving 100% scientific management of municipal solid waste in all
the 4,041 statutory towns in the country.
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

SBA Objectives• Elimination of open defecation• Eradication of Manual Scavenging• Modern and Scientific Municipal Solid WasteManagement• To effect behavioural change regarding healthy sanitation
practices• Generate awareness about sanitation and its linkage withpublic health• Capacity Augmentation for ULBs to create an enabling
environment for private sector participation
It is worth noting that all the objectives of this mission are local in nature andit does not have any direct mention of global environmental concerns
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Objectives and national targets• Construction of 6.64 million individual
household toilets (IHHL)• Construction of 0.25 million community toilet(CT) seats• Construction of 0.26 million public toilet (PT)seats• Achieving 100% door-to-door collection andscientific management of municipal solid
waste (MSW) in identified cities.
• Information, Education and Communication• Capacity Building
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Integrated Waste Management at
Indore76543
21

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Indore City Profile• Indore city is a tier 2 city and commercial
capital city of Madhya Pradesh with apopulation of around 2.75 million (2017estimate).
• The city ranked 25 in the 2016 SwachhSurvekshan conducted by the Ministry ofUrban Development, Government of India.
• On 4th May 2017, the city was ranked 1stamong 434 cities in the Swachh
Survekshan, and awarded as the cleanest
city in India..
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Indore - Salient Features
Total Area:
275 sq km
Population 2011:
2.2 Million
Population 2017:2.75 Million
Floating Population: 0.3 to 0.5 Million per day
Population density :8302 P/sqkm
No of Households:
0.58 million
Slum population:27%
No of wards:
85
MSW quantity (2001): 617MT/day
MSW quantity (2011): 750MT/day
MSW quantity (2017): 900MT/day
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

From 2017 Indore is 1st amongst Indian Cities
Swachh Survekshan
Award 2017

Swachh Survekshan
Award 2018

Swachh Survekshan
Award 2019

Indore has been declared Cleanest city of India in last three
Swachhata Survekshan (Cleanliness Surveys)
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Key to Success – 100% Door to Door
Collection with 100% Segregation

Wet Waste

Dry Waste

Sanitary & Domestic
Hazardous Waste

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Fully Mechanized Transfer Stations

10STAR SQUARE
MR-10

LALBAGINDORE

Fully
MechanizedTransferStations

Decentralized Waste Processing 150 TPD
237 units

76 units

368 units

5 TPD

Hotels,Hospitals,
Marriage
Gardens,
Schools andColleges etc.

Residential
WelfareAssociations(RWA’s)

City Gardens
covering all
586 developed
gardens

Capacity
mobiledecentralizedcompostingunit

Approx.
30000
units
Home
Composting Bins

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

20 TPD Bio-CNG Plant at Choithram Mandi
20 TPD
Bio CNG Plant at
Choithram Mandi• 20 TPD Bio CNG plant at
Choithram Mandi in the year2017.
• Upgraded biogas is being
used as fuel for automobiles.
• 800 kgs of gas is beinggenerated on daily basis
which is being used to runapprox. 8 to 10 city buses
per day for last 2 years• Busses consume all 800 kgof bio CNG gas per day andrun approx 2000 kms• The cost of the project is INR
90 million
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

15 TPD Bio-CNG Plant at Kabitkhedi• IMC decided to install another plant of
15 TPD at Kabitkhedi which is functional
since October 2018.
• 600 kgs of gas is being generated ondaily basis through this plant. Which is
being used to run approx. 6 to 8 citybuses per day.
• These busses consume all 600 kgs ofBio-CNG gas per day & runs more than
1500 kms per day.
• This innovation thus leads to reduce theGreen House Gas Emissions of IndoreCity.
• The cost of the project is INR 90 million
and is installed on EPC.
• Both projects put together are providing
fuel for 3500 km of bus run per day

15 TPD
Bio-CNG plant at
Kabitkhedi

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Feeding Mechanism
The wet waste generated from the vegetable wholesalemarkets (mandi’s) is brought to the bio-methanation plant on
daily basis and is dropped in the feeding area for processing.

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Digester• Under anaerobic conditions, the temperature is maintainedat around 35°C.
• Biogas is being produced by the conversion of thedissolved organic matters.
• Present daily feeding capacity – 15+20 Tons.

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Biogas Enrichment

Around 3 TPD of organic manure and 2000 m3 / day of raw biogas is being
produced from each plant. The obtained raw biogas is than further enriched
to meet the gas quality which is equivalent to the standards specified byBIS (IS: 16087 2016).
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Bio-CNG Dispensing Unit
The installed gas dispenser meets statutory regulations on safety ofvehicle being filled.

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Scaling up: Proposed 200 TPD Bio CNG plant• After the successful implementation of the two models IMC
has now decided to install a plant of 200 TPD. Work for thesame is in progress.
• Initially the project was taken up for 50 TPD but after
analyzing the future requirement of processing of organic
waste and its cost benefits, then finally IMC proposed theproject of 200 TPD capacity organic waste• This biogas project will provide a greener fuel with zerodischarge.
• The Bio CNG gas specifications are as per latest IndianStandard Norms and the gas is suitable to fill in the gas
cylinders as per PESO Gas Cylinder Regulations.
• The estimated cost of the project is INR 800 million. IMC
proposes to install this plant on PPP basis.
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Co-benefits of Bio CNG Plant• Bio-Methanation process is successful only if
segregated waste is provided to the plant. As Indore
has 100% source segregation the committed gas
generation through this plant is achievable thus
making the project feasible.
• With installation of this plant IMC would be able tooperate all the city busses running within the city.
• IMC/AICTSL could purchase the Bio CNG at cheaper
rates than the market rates and since it is a green fuelit leads to reduce the green house gas emissions.
• In addition to that, IMC would also receive 40 TPD
high quality compost from this plant.
• With success of this project many companies may bewilling to bid for the projects in other cities.
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

AIM and Associated Activities inIndia 2018-19
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Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

AIM Training Workshop 3rd to 7th Dec. 2018
• Dr. Hanaoka conducted the AIM/enduse training
workshop at MANIT, Bhopal, India• 12 Participants from five different institutes in India
attended the 5 days training programme

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Workshops on Climate Change Issues and ChallengesWorkshops conducted last year

Jan 21 - Feb 01,
2019

Climate Change, Scenario
Development for Policy Analysis

Developing Transition Pathways for
Oct 12 – 25, 2019 Climate Change Mitigation andAdaptation
Forthcoming Workshops

Intelligent Infrastructure for Cities ofthe Future
Green Technologies for Sustainable
Mar 09 – 12, 2020
Development
Dec 09 – 20, 2019

Coordinator:
Aashish Deshpande, Professor, Department of Management
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL TEACHERS’
TRAINING & RESEARCH, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,MHRD, BHOPAL, INDIA
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Thank You….
mkapshe@gmail.com