Collection of summaries of WAVE studies and research(Fiscal 1997)

November 1998

Waterfront Vitalization and Environment Research CenterStudies and Research Department
Study for waterfront vitalization
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

for

NoshiroPort

The Shimohama and Nakajima areas in Noshiro

Redevelopment

Port had been used increasingly poorly with the use(First District Port Constructionof larger ships. With growing local public interest

Bureau, Ministry of Transport;

in waterfront, the development of these areas into a

Akita prefectural government andNoshiro municipal government)

1997"lively space crowded with people" was required.
Then, highly feasible facilities development plans
were prepared incorporating the construction of aboat park.

1

Studies for developing a long-term vision of wide-area development
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study for planning the wide-area

Wide-area cooperative development plans andcooperative

implementation

developmentofpolicywere

proposed,andcentral and southern Akita andimplementation programs were prepared focusing

Iwate areas

on domestic and international physical distribution
District

Port

1996

〜

(SecondConstruction Bureau, Ministry ofTransport)(sharing of port functions and construction of aninland1997

depot),

sight-seeing

andrecreation(development of sight-seeing routes and camp sites)and daily public exchanges (reinforcement ofpublic transit systems), based on the basic policy
for wide-area cooperative development of central
and southern Akita and Iwate areas (developed infiscal 1996 studies).

Study

for

reconstruction

planningthe

As a two-year research in fiscal 1997 and 1998,

of

Bay

studies are made of changes of trade and regionalTokyo

coastal area
(Secondstructures, improvement of physical distribution
Portbase and optimal position of environmentally

Construction Bureau, Ministry offriendly waterfront areas, and redevelopment of
1997〜

Transport)

District

port functions, based on the functions andcharacteristics of ports in the bay defined in the

1998"basic plan for Tokyo Bay port improvement".
Plans are developed to improve port functions andmake effective use of unused land. In the fiscal
1997 studies, the basic improvement policy was
identified in view of the present status of Tokyo
Bay waterfront area and the problems to be
involved.

2

Basic study for developing port improvement plans
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Follow-up study on the Nagoya

A follow-up study was conducted on the Nagoya

port basic improvement plan

Port basic improvement plan developed in 1988 as(Nagoya Port Authority)

guidelines for Nagoya Port development, from aviewpoint oriented toward the 21st century.
As a result, it was reported that environmental
changes around the port would not nullify the idea,
1997

objectives and direction of the existing plan and
that

the

development

project
could

plans

and

adequately

infrastructure
respondtoenvironmental changes. It was suggested that port
improvement should be continued and that morerefined functions and higher quality space should
be provided.

3

Feasibility studies for waterfront facilities improvement planning
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Feasibility study for creating

The Kure municipal government studied land use

streetscape in the Takaramachi

policy with the landfill in the Takara-cho area inarea in Kure Port

fiscal

of

Kure

City,

1993

〜

(Government

Hiroshima Prefecture)

1993

studies.

Then,

the

government

conducted specific studies of various facilities for
project implementation. In the 1997 studis, wide

1997

varieties of public opinions were invited onstreetscape in relation to the basic plan based on the
results of preceding studies. As a result, it was
decided to develop a uniform modern design using
bricks.

Study

for

Shimonoseki

A highly feasible development plan was preparedPortwaterfront developmentwith a concept of creating a "theme park throughout(Government

the strait" in the waterfront area. The planof

Shimonoseki

City, Yamaguchi Prefecture)

1997

incorporates existing "Shimonoseki Port East Port
area renaissance 21 plan", "Karato area waterfront
development plan" and a plan for constructing anaquarium and a new Karato market that is being
implemented with the ongoing landfilling work.

basic

At the study site, the coastal line was separated

coastal area development plans infrom the hinterland by upright revetments as aNarashino area in Chiba Port

result of landfilling that began in the late 1960s.

(Katsunan

With the improvement of disaster prevention level,

Study

for

preparingPort

Construction

Office, Chiba Prefecture)

〜

1994

1997

public demand increased for the creation of spacewith greater accessibility to water. The governmentof Chiba Prefecture examined basic plans forcreating artificial beaches in fiscal 1994 and 1995.
In the studies of 1997, a committee including
representatives of local residents had consultations
as in fiscal 1996 and prepared plans for providing
space mainly composed of beaches to meet thedemand of the local community.

4Study for constructing the Marino

The Kure municipal government has a plan toBridgedevelop the Aga Marinopolis area for regional

Government

of

Kure

City,

exchange and communication as a hub of physical

Hiroshima Prefecture

distribution in the Hiroshima Chuo Technopolisarea, and for marine recreation activities; and to

〜

1995

build the Marino Bridge to increase the efficiencyof physical distribution and convenience. In the

1997

studies of fiscal 1997, a comparative study was
made of bridge alignments not overpassing thesmall craft basin that was included in the phase-two
landfill project, and of bridge construction methods
and estimated construction costs for respective
routes, based on the results of studies alreadyconducted.

5Studies on projects related to physical distribution
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

on

Hososhima

Port

In order to integrate a new container terminal withcontainer terminal(Miyazaki

an existing adjacent container terminal in theprefectural

government)

1997

Shirahama area of Hososhima Port, studies weremade of cargoes handled, cargo handling equipment
and yards, and a container terminal layout plan wasdeveloped.

Feasibility study on the Sakata

A 14-m quay is under construction in the outerPort

port area of Sakata Port. A physical distribution hub

international

distribution

terminal

will be built in the hinterland. Conditions of(First District Port Construction

advanced

Bureau, Ministry of Transport;

investigated. Sakata Port, closest in Yamagata

Sakata Port Construction Office;Yamagata prefectural government
andFinance

Department

Sakata municipal government)

of

1997

physical

distribution

ports

were

prefecture to the Sendai area, will be made a hub ofChinese trade based on the "eastbound Silk Road
on the sea". Types of cargoes to be handled,shipping lines to be attracted and optimal
characteristics of the physical distribution terminal
equipped
proposed.

6

withrefrigerated

warehouses

wereBasic studies for developing port policy
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

for

waterfronttheIn the ports along the Sea of Japan under thecomplexjurisdiction of the First District Port Construction

examiningrecycling

construction plans

Bureau where numerous thermal power plants and(First District Port Construction

LNG (liquefied natural gas) stations are located,

Bureau, Ministry of Transport)

investigations were made of the need, possibility
andmethodofcentralizing

waterfront

recycling-related industries. In the studies of fiscal
1997, a research committee was organized staffedwith scholars, administrators (of the Ministry of
1997

International Trade and Industry and the Ministry ofTransport) and members of 14 private companies to
identify the present locations of recycling-relatedindustries in the ports under study and the future
directionsofoperationofadministrative

organizations and businesses concerned. Advanced
models of recycling in various industries werechecked in and out of Japan. Then, the feasibility oflocating recycling complexes in respective ports
was evaluated and recycling complex constructionplans were developed based on case studies.
Study for using waterfront space

In order to implement waterfront redevelopment(Ministry of Transport)

projects smoothly, general procedures, study items,
specific considerations and case studies of projects
1997

were

organized,

andmeasuresrequiredfor

implementing the projects were examined. The
results were published by WAVE as "A waterfront
redevelopment guidebook"7

Basic study for using waterfront

The characteristics of manufacturing industries

space

located in the vicinity of port (in waterfront area)(Ministry of Transport)

were organized and analyzed and time-dependentchanges in operation were identified to provide
1997

basic data for studying the future policy for using
waterfront

industrial

space.

Such

leading

parameters were used in the analysis as the number
of offices, capital, number of employees and theamount of shipment available in industrial statistics
in 1985 through 1995.

8

Basic studies on physical distribution
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Feasibility study for constructing

The present condition and future direction ofainternational physical distribution mainly in east

port

in

Okinawaforinternational distribution(Ministry

of

Asia

Transport

and

were

identified,requirementsasaninternational port for distribution were analyzed,

Okinawa General Bureau)

feasibility of construction of an international port
1997

for distribution in Okinawa was studied, and the
directions of port improvement and operation (e.g.
facilities improvement for handling cargoes from
Okinawa and transshipment cargoes, and reductionsof transport costs through cooperation in cargohandling and integrated operation of terminals)
were suggested.

Study on the impact of Kyushu

Analysis was made of the impact of the network

expressway network on physicalof expressways in Kyushu, upon completion, anddistribution through ports

〜

1996

(Fourth District Port Construction
Bureau, Ministry of Transport)

improved access to nodes in the Kyushu area on
physical distribution through ports. As a result, it

1997

was revealed that goods currently concentrated innorthern Kyushu would be distributed to local ports
and that convenience would increase for local
freighters

Study on the influence of a

The influence of the building of a central

centralinternational port in northern Kyushu on regional

international

port

in

northern Kyushu on regional(Fourth District Port Construction
Bureau, Ministry of Transport)〜

economy

1997

1998

economy was analyzed, and economic conditions in
the Port of Pusan and surrounding areas wereidentified to help enhance competitiveness against
Pusan. In the studies of fiscal 1997, a comparison
was made between ports in northern Kyushu and
the Port of Pusan, and the possibility of creating
feeder shipping lines was analyzed.

9

Study on changes of physical

Changes of physical distribution through ports

distribution due to deregulation

expected as a result of transport deregulation were

(SecondPort

identified to help improve ports in the future. A

Construction Bureau, Ministry of

study was made on goods for domestic trade.

Transport)

Deregulation in the field of transport was grasped

Districtand changes that were expected due to deregulation
1997

were organized. Those involved in physicaldistribution were interviewed using the dataobtained in the study and the impact on physicaldistribution was identified. As a result, thepossibility of entry of freighters, shipping agentsand warehousemen into port transport business andthe possibility of shift of long-term transport toshipping were suggested

10Study for promoting digitalization in ports
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on Yokkaichi Port harbor

In fiscal 1996, first-phase construction was carried

information systemout (the third waterway watch station and the(Yokkaichi Port Authority)

system operation room on the third floor of port
authority building were constructed) based on thepanoramic images obtained by monitoring cameras.
1997

In this study, information on port administration in
and out of Japan and the future of systems forcontrolling the entry to and departure from the port
were presented. Basic system design was developedwith the construction of a new watch station for the
first waterway in the second phase.

11

Studies for assessing return on investment in ports
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Quantitative analysis of benefits〜of large-scale earthquake-resistant

Quantitative analysis was made of the benefits of1997

facilities(Ministry of Transport)

earthquake-resistant facilities including seismic
quays. In the studies of fiscal 1997, the framework

1998

for analysis was established and cost benefit
analysis was made of Kobe Port as a case study

Basic study for estimating the

In order to estimate more accurately the return on

return on investment in port

investment in the port facilities improvement

facilities

projects in Kawasaki City, an input-output table(Kawasaki City Port and Harbor
Bureau)1997

was prepared mainly for the port section of
Kawasaki City based on the 1990 national
input-output table, the latest table available, withdata supplemented by collecting questionnaire
responses

12Ports, Harbors and Marine Environment Research InstituteStudies on environment creation technology
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

for

improvingtheField studies had been conducted for eight years

aroundtheon corals growing on breakwaters in Naha Port. It

environment

breakwater in Naha Port
(Naha

Ports

and

Airport

Office,Okinawa

General Bureau)

1996

〜

Construction

had been revealed that the initial growth of coral1997

larvae was affected by surface roughness of thestructure and that light conditions, waves andturbidity would contribute to their subsequent
growth. Based on the findings and existingknowledge, methods were developed for protecting,creating and using coral reefs in ports, and draft
manuals were prepared for review. Case studies
were also made in Naha Port.

Study

on

designingthemethods

In addition to original functions of port facilities,

fordemands

environmentallyhave

recently

been

growingforfriendly breakwaters (Part II)

environmentally conscious functions such as(Kobe Studies and Design Office,environmental protection, creation of comfortable

Third District Port Construction〜

Bureau, Ministry of Transport)

1996

1997

waterfront space and coordination with fisheries. At
present, few manuals are available on the idea andmethod for designing environmentally friendly port
structures. In this study, knowledge and technicalknow-howaboutenvironmentallyeffectivenessevaluatedandcurrently

friendlyavailable

functions,

theireconomic

viabilitywere

methods weredeveloped

for

and

designing environmentally friendly breakwaters

13

Water quality study in Nagoya

In this study, data were collected on the presentPort

environmental conditions in Nagoya Port to(Nagoya

Ports

Construction

Airport

Office,

Fifth

Port

Construction

Bureau, Ministry of Transport)

identify environmental characteristics. Based on the
1996〜

District

and

1997

results, water quality improvement methods were
examined that would involve the installation of
concrete blocks on the seabed to provide roughness
to the bed to control tidal residual flow patterns andpromote tidal exchange. As a result of analysis, it
was found that using tidal residual flow by
installing blocks on the seabed was likely toefficiently control the flow in Nagoya Port

Basic

study

environmentallyfordeveloping

Port structures have recently been required tofriendly

create comfortable waterfront space and provide forstructures

coexistence with species in addition toconventional(Fifth District Port Construction

functions such as protection of ports from waves

Bureau, Ministry of Transport)

1997

and facilitation of loading. Studies have also been
made to reduce costs. In this study, existing
exampleswereorganized

andenvironmental

measures were evaluated in Omaezaki, Yokkaichiand Nagoya Ports as case studies

14

Studies for using waste and recycled materials
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study for promoting construction

The ministries of International Trade and Industry;

waste recycling

Health and Welfare; Agriculture, Forestry and(Ministry of Transport)

Fisheries; Construction and Transport discussed thejoint establishment of systems for promoting theuse of construction waste produced during theimplementation of public works projects under thecontrol of the ministries of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries; Construction and Transport, and formaking active use of recycled materials in social
infrastructure development. The ministries ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Construction
and
1997

Transport

confirmedthatdeveloping

information exchange and transport systems andestablishing legal systems would be effective forpromoting the use of materials recycled fromconcreteandasphalt

concretemassesandconstruction waste materials. The Ministry of
Health and Welfare organized case studies ofrecycling of sludge produced at construction sites
and waste composed of various materials andproposed methods for widely using recycledmaterials. The Ministry of International Trade andIndustry investigated the use and production ofmaterials recycled from goods of which the otherministries made no studies, and examined methods
for their recycling.

15

Studyfor

controlling

A follow-up survey was conducted mainly in theenvironmental pollution in waters

ports and coasts affected by heavy oil spill from thealong the coast of the Sea of

Russian tanker Nahodka to grasp the actualJapan

conditions of local natural environment. Studies(First District Port Construction

1997

Bureau, Ministry of Transport)

were made of facilities, equipment, wide-arealiaisonsystems

andcooperation

with

local

community that would be required along the coastof the Sea of Japan for protection from expectedmarine pollution.
Study for assessing the economic

An economic feasibility study was made of a

viability of marine transport inwide-area waste disposal plan for recycling waste

wide-area waste disposal plansby combining resource recovery plants located in(Coastal
Development

Environment
Resources

1997

waterfront areas with nationwide marine transportchannels, and feasibility was verified.

Utilization Center (CENTRUC))

16

Studies for port environment planning
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study for assessing environmentalIndevelopment plans in Hidaka Portenvironmentally(Wakayama

characteristics of coasts and waters in the port andprefectural

government)

order

to

help

Hidakafriendly

Port

port,

createanenvironmental

surrounding areas were identified. The effects of
1997

projects on the environment and the environment tobe created were evaluated with the mitigation
methodusing

typicalparameters.

Then,environmental improvement plans were reviewed
and developed for implementation in the area.
Study

for

Tokyo

Bay

In this study, examinations were made of theenvironmental control planningproblems requiring solution for creating a desired(Portwater environment in Tokyo Bay, parameters forandHarborResearch
1996〜

Institute, Ministry of Transport)

controlling the problems and the direction of
measures to create a desired environment, based on

1997

the changes in water environment in Tokyo Bay andexamples of environmental control plans in and out
of Japan. Basic data were collected on the water
environment

described

inenvironmental control planning.

17

the

Tokyo

Bay

Studies for developing Ecoport model project plans
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on Ecoport model projects

In order to create an excellent environment inin Nagoya Port

Nagoya Port using port space, the natural(Fourth District Port Construction

environment, related plans and social demand in the

Bureau, Ministry of Transport andport were identified, and consequently basic policy

Nagoya Port Authority)

for defining Ecoport model projects was reviewed.
1997

The second area and Shin-maiko area were
designated as model areas where environmental
creation could be possible. Project plans werereviewed. In the second area, a green promenade
will be constructed to offer accessibility to water. In
the Shin-maiko area, the plan will center around a
man-made beach serving as a habitat.

developing

The Shimonoseki offshore man-made island was

Shimonoseki offshore man-madespecified in the port planning to promote transport,island Ecoport model project

fisheries, and technological and cultural exchanges

planning

for(Fourth District Port Construction

communication in east Asia". A transport andBureau, Ministry of Transport andphysical distribution base is now being constructed

Study

for

Shimonoseki
government)

municipal

1997

buildinga"stageforcomprehensivein the first phase. Considerations are given to theflow of seawater, and protection of natural coastlines and seaweed beds around the man-madeisland. New space will be created and tranquil sea
will be formed behind the island. An Ecoport model
project plan was therefore developed mainly forcreating seaweed beds in surrounding revetments
and forming waterfront green space.

18

Studies for promoting Ecocoast projects
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study for developing Sendai Port

An Ecocoast project plan has been prepared using(Senrigahama) Ecocoast projectwide and tranquil sea surface and long beaches inplan

the Sendai Port Senrigahama area in Hirado City,(Fourth District Port Construction

Nagasaki Prefecture that has been serving as a

Bureau, Ministry of Transport;

place for marine recreation including bathing. The

Nagasaki prefectural government
andHirado1997

seabed in front of the planned project site
accommodates eelgrass beds forming a habitat formunicipal

marine species. Positions of groins and submerged

government)

dikes were located so as not to destroy the existing
eelgrass beds. Adoption of natural stones was alsosuggested as bases for new seaweed beds.
Study

for

TakahamaPort

A review was made of measures to control beach

Ecocoast planning(Kumamotogovernment)

erosion and sedimentation and resultant wave
prefectural

overtopping and submersion of navigation channels
1997

on the beaches of Takahama Port in Amakusa,
Kumamoto Prefecture. Considerations were given
to the spawning of turtles. The beach has been
designated as an Ecocoast for fiscal 1997.

19

Study for developing port landscape and green space plans
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

Hitachinaka

Port

A port landscape development model project plandevelopment

model

was prepared based on the concept of Technoscapeforlandscapein Hitachinaka Port, a physical distribution hub inproject planning(Kashima

Port

Construction

andAirport

Office,SecondDistrict Port Construction Bureau,
Ministryof

Hitachinaka

Transport;
Port

the Hitachinaka area, where an international port
city is being constructed that accommodates parks.
1997

and

Authority,

Ibaraki Prefecture)20