ISSN 1020-914X

UNAFEI

NEWSLETTERUNITED NATIONS ASIA AND FAR EASTINSTITUTE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIME
AND THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS

No. 127
October 2008

Established1961
IN THIS ISSUE
Page

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR ............................................................................................................................... 1

THE 140TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE ............................................................................................. 3

THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSE TO CYBERCRIME
Course Rationale ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Course Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Lecture Topics ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Individual Presentation Topics ....................................................................................................................... 11Group Workshop Sessions ............................................................................................................................. 13
Observation Visits .......................................................................................................................................... 15Group Study Tour ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Special Events ................................................................................................................................................ 17
Reference Materials ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Experts and Participants List ......................................................................................................................... 20

INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMES .................................................................................. 22
The 11th International Training Course on the Criminal Justice Response to Corruption ............................................ 22
The Ninth Country Focused Training Course on the Juvenile Delinquent Treatment System for Kenya ..................... 22
The Regional Forum on Good Governance for East Asian Countries ........................................................................... 22
The 141st International Senior Seminar ........................................................................................................................ 22

ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Overseas Trips by Staff ................................................................................................................................................. 25
FACULTY & STAFF OF UNAFEI .............................................................................................................................. 26

UNAFEI IS AN AFFILIATED REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNITED NATIONS

1-26, HARUMI-CHO, FUCHU, TOKYO 183-0057, JAPANTEL: 81-42-333-7021 ◆ FAX: 81-42-333-4656 ◆ E-MAIL: unafei@moj.go.jp
HOME PAGE: http://www.unafei.or.jp/

1

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR

It is my privilege to inform readers of the successful completion of the 140th International
Training Course on "The Criminal Justice Response to Cybercrime", which took place from 1
September to 10 October 2008.
In this Course, we welcomed five Japanese and ten overseas participants, and two overseas
counsellors: eight from Asia, one from Africa, and three from Latin America. They included police officers, public prosecutors, and other high-ranking public officials.
As this newsletter demonstrates, the Course was extremely productive. It consisted of individual presentations, group workshop and plenary sessions, visits to relevant criminal justice agencies, and presentations by visiting experts, faculty members and ad hoc lecturers.
Despite the tremendous benefits of advancement in Information and Communication
Technologies, regrettably, it has also facilitated various types of crimes, whether as the target ofcrime (e.g., unauthorized access and damage to, or the modification of, computer data or
programmes) or as an instrument of crime (e.g., fraud, forgery, child pornography, defamation, infringement of intellectual property). In addition, cyber-attacks on infrastructure can have immediateand serious repercussions for national social and economic systems, as well as profoundtransnational effects. Thus, in various ways, cybercrime may threaten society as a whole andhuman rights, including rights to property, privacy, dignity and even life.
Because of the borderless nature of cybercrime, many efforts have been made at various
levels for international harmonization or co-operation to tackle the issue. At the international level,organizations such as the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the International
Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), the Group of Eight (G8), the European Union (EU), theCouncil of Europe (CE), the Organization of American States (OAS), and the Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation (APEC) provide the political and technical expertise necessary to foster international co-operation.
Beginning with the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and theTreatment of Offenders in 1990, the United Nations has been actively involved in addressing various aspects of computer-related developments. Efforts have included the United Nations Manual on
the Prevention and Control of Computer-related Crime, published in 1994, and the United Nations
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), which came into effect in 2003 andindirectly deals with cybercrime when carried out by organized criminal groups. UNAFEI itself assisted with the organization and implementation of a workshop on crimes related to the computer
network at the Tenth UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders.
At the Eleventh UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice a workshop was held on
computer-related crime and the Congress adopted the "Bangkok Declaration" which welcomed efforts to enhance and supplement existing co-operation to prevent, investigate and prosecute hightechnology and computer-related crime.
In view of the ongoing need for the formulation and implementation of effective measuresin the fight against cybercrime, and the importance of such measures as stressed by the various
UN instruments, UNAFEI, as a regional institute of the UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice2

Programme Network, decided to hold this Course.
During the Course, the participants diligently and comprehensively examined the current
situation of cybercrime in their respective countries, primarily through a comparative analysis. The
participants shared their own experiences and knowledge of the issues, and identified problems andareas in which improvements could be made. After engaging in in-depth discussions with the
UNAFEI faculty and visiting experts, the participants were able to put forth effective and practicalsolutions that could be applied in their respective countries.
I would like to offer my sincere congratulations to all the participants upon their successful
completion of the Course, made possible by their strenuous efforts. My heartfelt gratitude goes tothe visiting experts and ad hoc lecturers who contributed a great deal to the Course’s success.
Furthermore, I appreciate the indispensable assistance and co-operation extended to UNAFEI byvarious agencies and institutions, which helped diversify the programme.
I would like to express my great appreciation to the Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA) for its immeasurable support throughout the Course. At the same time, a warm
tribute must be paid to the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF) and its branch organizations
for their substantial contributions to our activities. Lastly, I owe my gratitude to all the individuals
whose unselfish efforts behind the scenes contributed significantly to the successful realization ofthis Course.
Upon returning to their home countries, I genuinely believe that, like their predecessors, thestrong determination and dedication of the participants will enable them to work towards the improvement of their respective nations’ criminal justice systems, and to the benefit of internationalsociety as a whole.
Finally, I would like to reiterate my best regards to the participants of the 140th
International Training Course. I hope that the experience they gained during the Course proves
valuable in their daily work, and that the bonds fostered among the participants, visiting experts
and UNAFEI staff will continue to grow for many years to come.

October 2008

Keiichi Aizawa
Director, UNAFEI

3

THE 140TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE"THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSE TO CYBERCRIME"

Course Rationale

1. The Increasing Threat of Cybercrime and the Necessity to Take Countermeasures
The revolution in information and communication technologies (ICT) is transforming society
and human life drastically and fundamentally. ICT, especially computers and computer networks,
are now considered indispensable resources for further development; they are seen as tools ofmanagement and communication in various social and economic activities.
Despite the tremendous benefits of ICT advancement, regrettably, it has also facilitatedvarious types of crimes, whether as the target of crime (e.g., unauthorized access and damage to,or the modification of, computer data or programmes) or as an instrument of crime (e.g., fraud,
forgery, child pornography, defamation, infringement of intellectual property). ICT advances giveopportunity not only to mischievous hackers to satisfy their personal interest in intrusive actions,but also to organized criminal groups to profit economically by identity theft, counterfeit creditcard fraud, illicit trafficking etc. ICT can be used for identity-related wrongdoing, such as computer intrusion, phishing and skimming, not only endangering the privacy of individuals but also
creating potential for further economic crime. Illegal or harmful material, such as child pornography, as well as websites assisting violent crime, drug crime, economic crime and sex crime, or
websites promoting racism, terrorism or suicide, are now easily accessible. Cyber-attacks on infrastructure can have immediate and serious repercussions for national social and economic systems,
as well as profound transnational effects. Thus, cybercrime may in various ways threaten society
as a whole and human rights, including rights to property, privacy, dignity and even life.
In order to cope with such a situation, some characteristics of cybercrime (which is definedin this course as crimes in which computers or computer networks are the target or the instrument) should be noted. Cybercrime often involves invisible, intangible, volatile and changeable information data with advanced technology and a borderless network; therefore, investigators
sometimes face difficulties in tracing it. Internet anonymity may become a licence to lie. At low
risk to themselves and without any geographic or time constraints, cybercrime offenders may execute attacks causing instant harm to the general public. Copycat criminals are not uncommon.
These phenomena now pose significant problems in developed countries, and they also havecritical implications for developing countries. Cybercrime can now be committed from or throughjurisdictions which have at least minimal telecommunications services but have legal frameworks
and law enforcement infrastructure too weak to counter cybercrime. Countries where ICT technologies are being initially deployed and maintained may face threats for which they are unprepared.
In order to fully utilize ICT for the further development of society, building proper defences
against cybercrime is an inevitable challenge.
The threat posed by the proliferation of cybercrime to the sound development of individual
nations, as well as to the international community, has been underestimated. However, considering
the instant extensive damage that can be caused worldwide by crime facilitated by ICT, a properand immediate response by criminal justice agencies to cybercrime is indispensable. Nevertheless,since such crimes are relatively new to many countries, not every country has established the necessary legal frameworks. Even if such legal frameworks are effectuated, due to criminal justice4

officials’ limited knowledge of cybercrime and associated technological problems, difficulties willensue in the investigation, prosecution and adjudication of these crimes, in particular with theidentification of offenders and the collection of evidence. In addition, the complexity of the challenges specific to cybercrime necessitates international co-operation, which ultimately requires
countries to be equipped with the necessary legal, procedural and regulatory tools.
Thus, the appropriate stringent control and prevention measures for cybercrime should be
introduced as soon as possible. To this end, it is imperative for criminal justice agencies to understand thoroughly the current situation of cybercrime; to establish a proper legal framework to address such crimes; to develop more advanced techniques and tools commensurate with the natureof these crimes; and to enhance international criminal justice co-operation in this regard.
2. International Efforts to Combat Cybercrime
Because of the borderless nature of cybercrime, many efforts have been made at various
levels for international harmonization or co-operation to tackle the issue. At the international level,
many organizations such as the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), theInternational Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), the Group of Eight (G8), the European Union(EU), the Council of Europe (CE), the Organization of American States (OAS) and the AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) provide the political and technical expertise necessary tofoster international co-operation.
(i) Efforts by the United Nations
Beginning with the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and theTreatment of Offenders in 1990, the United Nations has been actively involved in addressing various aspects of computer-related developments. In 1994, the United Nations Manual on thePrevention and Control of Computer-related Crime was published. In 2000, the United Nations
Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI)
assisted with the organization and implementation of a workshop on crimes related to the computer network at the Tenth UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of
Offenders. The UN General Assembly invited States to take into account the measures to combat
computer misuse contained in its resolutions on Combating the Criminal Misuse of Information
Technology (55/63 (2000) and 56/121 (2001)). The United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), which came into effect in 2003, indirectly deals withcybercrime when carried out by organized criminal groups. The Eleventh UN Congress on Crime
Prevention and Criminal Justice held a workshop on computer-related crime and adopted the"Bangkok Declaration" which welcomed efforts to enhance and supplement existing co-operation
to prevent, investigate and prosecute high-technology and computer-related crime and invited theCommission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice to examine the feasibility of providing further assistance in that area under the aegis of the United Nations in partnership with other similarly focused organizations. In 2007, the Sixteenth United Nations Commission on Crime
Prevention and Criminal Justice discussed identity-related fraud.
(ii) Other International Efforts
In 1997, the G8 established the Subgroup on High-Tech Crime under the framework of agroup of senior experts on transnational organized crime, known as the Lyon Group, and adopted
the Ten Principles in the Combat against Computer Crime, aiming to ensure that no such criminal
receives safe haven anywhere in the world. The G8 Subgroup on High-Tech Crime established andexpanded 24-Hour Contacts for International High-Tech and Computer-Related Crime, a list ofcomputer crime units available to law enforcement agencies 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
The Council of Europe (CE) opened the Convention on Cybercrime (2001) for signature by
Member States and selected non-member states in January 2001. The Convention, which took effect in 2004, is the first and currently only binding international instrument on this issue and5serves as a framework for international co-operation between States Parties to this treaty and as
a guideline for any country developing comprehensive national legislation against cybercrime. It
requires States Parties to harmonize national laws that define substantive offences. These include(i) Offences against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems (illegal access, illegal interception, data/system interference, misuse of devices); (ii) Computer-related
forgery, computer-related fraud; (iii) Content-related offences (child pornography); and (iv)
Offences related to infringements of copyright. In 2004, the Convention’s Additional Protocol, concerning the criminalization of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through a computer system, came into effect. In addition, the Convention requires an important set of procedural
powers, including production orders, preservation orders, search and seizure of stored computer
data, and real time collection of computer data. There are also provisions to establish a rapid andeffective system of international co-operation, including mutual legal assistance, and 24/7 networks
and extradition.
In 2002, the Commonwealth Law Ministers adopted "The Model Law on Computer andComputer Related Crime", which shares a common framework with the Convention on
Cybercrime. In 2004, the Fifth Meetings of Ministers of Justice or of the Ministers or Attorneys
General of the Americas (REMJA V) recommended member states of the Organization ofAmerican States (OAS) to evaluate the advisability of implementing the principles of theConvention on Cybercrime (2001), and to consider the possibility of acceding to that Convention.
In 2005, the Sixth Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministerial Meeting on the
Telecommunications and Information Industry encouraged "all economies to study the Convention
on Cybercrime (2001) and to endeavour to enact a comprehensive set of laws relating to cybersecurity and cybercrime that are consistent with international legal instruments, including UN
General Assembly Resolution 55/63 (2000) and the Convention on Cybercrime (2001)." TheInternational Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), which has been providing technical guidancein cybercrime detection, investigation and evidence collection for law enforcement, including development of a 24/7 network, recommended the Convention on Cybercrime (2001) as providing
the international legal and procedural standard for fighting cybercrime at the 7th International
Conference on Cyber Crime.
In this context, for criminal justice authorities or legislators who wish to explore ways tostrengthen legal frameworks against cybercrime in their respective countries, it is advisable toevaluate internationally developed materials such as guidelines, legal and technical manuals andmodel legislation, especially the Convention on Cybercrime (2001).
With regard to criminalization, this Course will mainly deal with the most common typesof cybercrime which are stipulated in the Convention on Cybercrime (2001) and its Additional
Protocol, as a starting point for discussion. However, there are many other illegal or harmful activities in which computers and computer networks are used as targets or instruments. These include a range of fraudulent activities using the ICT, such as auction fraud, non-delivery fraud, andsignificant increases in credit and debit card fraud. This course may discuss such kinds ofcybercrime in which ICT is the target or the tool of other crimes.
3. Legal or Practical Issues in Investigation, Prosecution and Adjudication of Cybercrime
Needless to say, strengthening legal procedural tools and the capacity of law enforcement
to investigate cybercrime is a critical task in combating cybercrime; however, it is also importantthat the prosecutors who will bring those cases, and the judges who will hear those cases, understand the current situation and challenges in order to appropriately punish offenders and promote
confidence in the safety and security of the online environment.
In the investigation stage, strengthening mechanisms for gathering initial information on
cybercrime should be considered. Victims of cybercrime often encounter difficulties in where andhow to report the offences. Victims of content-related cybercrime such as child pornography usually have no opportunity to report the offences perpetrated against them. After acquiring initial6

information, a timely and appropriate response is indispensable to trace the source or the route of
the crime, to identify offenders and to collect evidence, since electronic evidence can be deleted
or destroyed more easily than physical documents. To do this effectively, investigators need to be
familiar with various types of cybercrime and related technologies and the government is required
to take measures to strengthen the capabilities of investigative authorities to combat cybercrime.
Without the necessary co-operation from other relevant private sector agents and technical experts,
including Internet service providers, it is difficult to preserve, collect and analyse intangible andvolatile digital evidence properly and without delay. In such a situation, whether, how, to what extent, and what kind of compulsory measures the investigative authority can use to preserve, collector analyse stored computer data (traffic data or content data), or computer data in real time, may
be the most critical issues. These critical issues include the necessity, target, scope and the methodof execution of a warrant for compulsory measures relating to large amounts of computer data, unanticipated data or encrypted data. On the other hand, in collecting digital evidence, due process
should be ensured, since such investigations often conflict with the right to privacy and other fundamental human rights. It should be noted that data collection and subsequent retention are
charged with the conflicting interests and values of various stakeholders, and it may be advisable
to seek a balance among the diverse legitimate interests.
Moreover, cybercrime easily crosses borders of jurisdiction and sovereignty; in such cases,
it is crucial for successful investigation to utilize international co-operation, including immediate
information sharing and mutual legal assistance among investigative authorities in different jurisdictions. Ordinary bilateral mutual legal assistance is not sufficient to trace cybercrime across
many jurisdictions. If a case of cybercrime is serious enough, even extradition should be considered, which may raise other issues such as dual criminality. For international co-operation to function effectively, substantive offences and procedural powers in one jurisdiction should becompatible with those in another. In this context, it is also advisable to assess the provisions ofprocedural law and international co-operation proposed in the Convention on Cybercrime (2001).
In the prosecution stage, many issues may arise in regard to substantive and/or procedurallaw, especially when prosecutors try to apply provisions designed for physical goods to the intangible and ephemeral world of digital goods. Prosecutors have to examine the interpretation carefully in deciding whether and whom to prosecute and must frame charges appropriately.
In the trial stage, difficulties in reconciling procedural law and digital evidence may arise.
In jurisdictions where there are strict rules governing the admissibility of evidence, or even in jurisdictions where there are no such explicit rules, disputes may arise as to whether or how judges
or fact finders can examine intangible data evidence. Cybercrime cases involving large volumes ofevidence may also pose new questions for practitioners. Cybercrime offences usually require criminal intent, and the way such intent is proved may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Since suchoffences are relatively new to judges, it is advisable to study trends and aggravating or mitigating
factors in sentencing in other jurisdictions in order to sentence cyber criminals appropriately.
We will focus on these legal and practical issues relating to cybercrime and explore effective measures to address them in this Training Course.
4. Objectives
This Training Course aims at exploring ways to improve the criminal justice system tocombat cybercrime in the respective countries, by examining and analysing the current situation,
problems and challenges in regard to the following subtopics:(1) Current situation and issues in the respective countries of illegal or harmful activities in thefield of information and communication technology (ICT), especially concerning thecriminalization of cybercrime (crimes in which computers or the computer network are thetargets or the instruments) listed below:(a) Offences defined in the Convention on Cybercrime (2001) and its Additional Protocol:(i) Offences against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and7systems (illegal access, illegal interception, data/system interference, misuse of devices);• Computer-related forgery, computer-related fraud;• Content-related offences (child pornography, racism and xenophobia);• Offences related to infringements of copyright.
(b) Other offences in which computers or computer networks are the targets or the instruments(e.g. identity-related offences, fraud using the Internet, inducing or assisting violent, drug,
economic or sex crimes using e-mails or websites, defamation).
(NB: for the purpose of preparing their individual presentation papers, participants are requested to mention whether offences listed in (a) above are criminalized in their respective
countries. In regard to the definition of each offence, please refer to the Convention on
Cybercrime (2001) and its Additional Protocol.)(2) Legal or practical issues and measures for investigation, prosecution and adjudication of
cybercrime.
(a) Issues and measures concerning cybercrime investigation:(i) Initial information gathering (reporting system, cyber patrol, etc.);(ii) Tracing and identifying criminals (co-operation with other public/private agencies, establishing 24-hour co-operation networks, etc.);(iii) Preserving and collecting evidence (fair and timely search and seizure of stored computer
data (e.g. large amounts of data, unanticipated but related data, encrypted data), preservation, production or recovery of data, real-time collection of traffic data, interception of content data, etc);(iv) Digital forensic analysis of evidence (specialized units, expert investigators);(v) International co-operation (mutual legal assistance, joint investigation, 24/7 contact point
network, extradition).
(b) Issues and measures concerning cybercrime prosecution (factors deciding whether, where
and whom to prosecute, framing appropriate charges, jurisdictional issues).
(c) Issues and measures concerning cybercrime trial, adjudication and sentencing:(i) Evidential issues (admissibility of the evidence, managing large volumes or encrypted
evidence, expert witnesses);(ii) Proving criminal intent;(iii) Methods and factors to decide appropriate sanction.
(NB: for the purpose of preparing their individual presentation papers, participants are requested to explain their existing legal regimes and mechanisms to investigate, prosecuteand adjudicate cybercrime in their respective countries).

8

Course Summary

Lectures
In total, seven lectures were presented by visiting experts, six by ad hoc lecturers and six
by the professors of UNAFEI. Three distinguished criminal justice practitioners and scholars fromabroad served as UNAFEI visiting experts. They lectured on issues relating to the main theme,
and contributed significantly to the Course by encouraging discussions after their own lectures andconversing with the participants on informal occasions. Additionally, distinguished senior officialsof the Government of Japan, and university professors, delivered ad hoc lectures. The lecturers andlecture topics are listed on pages 9 and 10.
Individual Presentations
During the first two weeks, each Japanese and overseas participant delivered an individual
presentation, which introduced the actual situation, problems and future prospects of his/her country. These papers were compiled onto a Compact Disc and distributed to all the participants. The
titles of these individual presentation papers are listed on pages 11 and 12.
Group Workshop Sessions
Group Workshop sessions further examined the subtopics of the main theme. In order to
conduct each session effectively, the UNAFEI faculty selected individuals to serve as group members for the sub-topics, based on their response to a questionnaire previously distributed. Selectedparticipants served as chairpersons, co-chairpersons, rapporteurs or co-rapporteurs, and visiting experts and faculty members served as advisers. Each group’s primary responsibility was to exploreand develop their designated topics in the group workshop sessions. The participants, experts and
UNAFEI faculty studied the topics and exchanged their views based on information obtained
through personal experience, the individual presentations, lectures and so forth. After the group
workshop sessions, reports were drafted based on the discussions in their groups. These reports
were subsequently presented in the plenary meetings and report-back session, where they were endorsed as the reports of the Course. Brief summaries of the group workshop reports are provided
on pages 13 to 14.
Visits and Special Events
Visits to various agencies and institutions in Japan helped the participants obtain a morepractical understanding of the Japanese criminal justice system. In addition to the Course’s academic agenda, many activities were arranged to provide a greater understanding of Japanese society and culture, with the assistance of various organizations and individuals, including the Asia
Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF). For more detailed descriptions, please refer to pages 15 to18.

9Lecture Topics

Visiting Experts’ Lectures
1)

Dr. Marco Gerke (Germany)• Challenges Related to the Fight Against Cybercrime - Challenges for Law Enforcement
Agencies• Substantive Criminal Law Based on the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime• Procedural Law and International Co-operation Based on the Budapest Convention on
Cybercrime2)

Mr. Joel Michael Schwarz (USA)• Cybercrime Investigations and Prosecutions in the US• International Co-operation in Combating Cybercrime - An Overview of Multi-lateral
Organization Work, and International Co-operation in Practice3)

Mr. Yunsik Jang (Korea)• The Current Situation and Countermeasures to Cybercrime and Cyber-Terror in the
Republic of Korea

UNAFEI Professors’ Lectures
1)

Mr. Haruhiko Higuchi, Professor, UNAFEI• Challenges of the Koban (Police Box) System in the 21st Century

2)

Mr. Junichiro Otani, Professor, UNAFEI• Prosecution in Japan3)

Mr. Jun Oshino, Professor, UNAFEI• The Courts

4)

Mr. Ryuji Tatsuya, Professor, UNAFEI• Institutional Corrections in Japan5)

Ms. Tae Sugiyama, Professor, UNAFEI• The Community-Based Treatment of Offenders System in Japan

10

6)

Mr. Takeshi Seto, Deputy Director, UNAFEI• International Co-operation in Criminal Justice

Ad Hoc Lectures
1)

Mr. Yasushi Takahashi
Cybercrime Division, National Police Agency, Japan• Current Situation of Cybercrime and Countermeasures in Japan2)

Mr. Yoshiro Baba
Criminal Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Japan• Legal System against Cybercrime in Japan3)

Mr. Yoichi Kumota
Assistant Director, High-Tech Crime Technology Division, National Police Agency, Japan• Technical Countermeasures against Cybercrime in Japan4)

Mr. Kenji Miyanishi
Director of International Investigative Operations, National Police Agency, Japan• Interpol and Countermeasures against Cybercrime

5)

Mr. Kenichi Shimada
Public Prosecutor, Shizuoka Public Prosecutors Office, Japan• Legal Issues in the Investigation and Trial of Cybercrime Cases

6)

Mr. Toshihisa Hirakawa
High-Tech Crime Control Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, Japan• Investigative Methods for Cybercrime11

Individual Presentation Topics

Overseas Participants
1)

Mr. Mirza Abdullahel Baqui (Bangladesh)• The Criminal Justice Response to Cybercrime2)

Mr. Bafi Nlanda (Botswana)• The Criminal Justice Response to Cybercrime: The Botswana Perspective

3)

Mr. Elcio Ricardo de Carvalho (Brazil)• The Criminal Justice Response to Cybercrime

4)

Mr. Sergio Gardenghi Suiama (Brazil)• Facing Content-Related Offences in Social Networking Services: A Developing Country
Perspective

5)

Mr. Napoleon Bonaparte (Indonesia)• Criminal Justice in Response to Cybercrime in Indonesia

6)

Mr. Saleh Ibrahim Mohammed Altawalbeh (Jordan)• The Criminal Justice Response to Cybercrime

7)

Mr. Jesus Rodriguez Almeida (Mexico)• Introduction to Cybercrime Response by the State of Mexico’s Security Agency

8)

Mr. Syed Abbas Ahsan (Pakistan)• Current Situation and Issues of Illegal and Harmful Activities in the Field of Information
and Communication Technology in Pakistan

9)

Mr. Gilbert Caasi Sosa (Philippines)• Country Report on Cybercrimes10) Mr. Vijith Kumara Malalgoda (Sri Lanka)• Information & Communication Technology Law - Sri Lankan Experience in Recognizing
Cybercrime11) Ms. Lam Chun-fa Rita (Hong Kong)• Developments and Challenges in Technology Crime Investigation
12) Mr. Santipatn Prommajul (Thailand)• The Criminal Justice Response to CybercrimeJapanese Participants17) Mr. Hiroyuki Ito• Obstruction of Business and Defamation at Internet Auction: A Case Study

1218) Mr. Takuya Matsunaga• A Fraud Case Involving the Use of Key Logger19) Mr. Yoichi Omura• Current Status of Fraud Cases Using the Internet in Japan
20) Mr. Koji Sakamoto• The Current Situation and Issues of Sexual Crime on the Internet in Japan21) Mr. Nozomu Suzuki• Investigation and Prosecution of a Case of Basketball Gambling on the Internet

13Group Workshop Sessions

Group 1ISSUES AND MEASURES CONCERNING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK TOCOMBAT CYBERCRIME
Chairperson
Co-chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

Visiting Experts
Advisers

Mr. Syed Abbas Ahsan
Mr. Vijith Kumara Malalgoda
Mr. Sergio Gardenghi Suiama
Mr. Bafi Nlanda
Mr. Saleh Ibrahim Mohammed Altawalbeh
Mr. Satipatn Prommajul
Mr. Koji Sakamoto
Mr. Nozomu Suzuki
Dr. Marco Gerke
Deputy Director Takeshi Seto
Prof. Jun Oshino
Prof. Junichiro Otani
Prof. Tae Sugiyama(Pakistan)(Sri Lanka)(Brazil)(Botswana)(Jordan)(Thailand)(Japan)(Japan)(Germany)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report SummaryGroup One discussed the above according to the following agenda: (1) Issues and measuresrelating to the criminalization of cybercrime; (2) Legal issues relating to the procedural law related
to cybercrime, including admissibility of digital evidence; and (3) Challenges in combating transborder cybercrime, including issues of jurisdiction and international co-operation. The groupreached the following conclusions. 1. The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime can bea good reference for minimum standards that may be adopted by the participating countries, andsome basic rules regarding collection and admissibility of evidence from foreign jurisdictions arenecessary. 2. Investigative and judicial mechanisms of international co-operation must be improved;
adequate procedural laws may be implemented to assure the preservation of evidence when requested. 3. With regard to international co-operation, training and technical aid should be available
to law enforcement officials and others. 4. Amendment of Article 2 of the Convention on
Cybercrime to properly address the issue of data espionage should be considered. 5. Diffusion of
unsolicited emails should be suppressed; in certain circumstances, spamming may be considered acrime. 6. The general principles of substantive law of the respective countries may be taken into
account in matters such as illegal gambling, etc. committed in cyberspace. 7. Private online communication should be protected as a civil right; investigative interception of same should be subject to judicial review. 8. While remote investigation is sometimes the only option available toinvestigators, it is a controversial issue and should be the subject of in-depth analysis. 9. National
legislatures should consider a mandatory 180 day retention period of Internet traffic data. 10.
Measures to record the identity of users of public terminals are desirable. 11. There should be no
mandatory disclosure of encryption keys and passwords. 12. The principle of "passive personality"
ought be considered for addition to the Convention on Cybercrime. 13. There was majority but notunanimous agreement on the importance of strengthening co-operation between local offices oftransnational service providers and national authorities in order to identify nationals who use remotely located services to commit crimes.

14Group 2
CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES IN CYBERCRIME INVESTIGATION
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteurs
Members

Visiting Experts
Advisers

Mr. Elcio Ricardo de Carvalho
Mr. Mirza Abdullahel Baqui
Ms. Lam Chun-fa Rita
Mr. Napoleon Bonaparte
Mr. Yoichi Omura
Mr. Jesus Ameida Rodriguez
Mr. Gilbert Cassi Sosa
Mr. Hiroyuki Ito
Mr. Takuya Matsunaga
Dr. Marco Gerke
Mr. Yunsik Jang
Prof. Shintaro Naito
Prof. Ryuiji Tatsuya
Prof. Tetsuya SuganoProf. Koji Yamada(Brazil)(Bangladesh)(Hong Kong)(Indonesia)(Japan)(Mexico)(Philippines)(Japan)(Japan)(Germany)(Korea)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report SummaryGroup Two discussed the above topic according to the following agenda. 1. Initial information gathering and undercover online investigations; 2. Tracing and identifying criminals; 3. Digitalforensic analysis of evidence; 4. Cross-border investigative abilities; and 5. International cooperation in cybercrime investigation.
The group then made the following recommendations. 1. Improve initial information gathering by: i) educating the public about cybercrime; (ii) improving communication with victims, andtraining officers in report making; and (iii) increasing cyber-patrol facilities. 2. Undercover online
investigations should be improved. 3. Data retention by ISPs and telecoms providers should be enforced and available to criminal justice officials in conducting an investigation. 4. Resources must
be devoted to capacity building of specialized units. 5. It is advisable to follow the recommendations of the International Review of Criminal Policy (No. 43 & No. 44) - United Nations Manualon the Prevention and Control of Computer-related Crime (1994), art. 198-209. 6. In each country,
a main cybercrime unit should assist smaller units in technically demanding investigations. 7. A
regular, formal training course on dealing with digital evidence, should be established (and not restricted to specialists). 8. Training activities should be included in international co-operation
programmes and efforts. 9. A properly equipped Computer Emergency Team (CERT) is essential
for responding promptly to cyber threats, and government and the private sector should co-operate
closely on the operation of such teams. 10. In addressing cross-border investigations, the following
are suggested: (i) requests for evidence be made under existing MLAT, MLA or Letter Rogatory
procedures; (ii) 24/7 points of contact be utilized; (iii) embassies be utilized; (iv) networks of foreign counterparts be utilized. 11. General recommendations regarding international co-operation include: (i) implementing 24/7 points of contact; (ii) sharing information through regionalorganizations; (iii) co-operation in legal, operational and technical dimensions; (iv) legal frameworks allowing engagement and joint investigation with foreign countries; (v) using the diplomaticchannel to contact other countries’ private sector entities or ISPs.

15

Observation Visits

Date

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

Sept. 9

Tokyo Probation Office• Mr. Kazuo Kasahara(Director, Tokyo Probation Office)Tokyo District Public Prosecutors
Office• Mr. Shuji Iwamura(Chief Prosecutor)

Ministry of Justice• Mr. Hiroshi Ozu(Vice-Minister of Justice)

Internet Hotline Center• Mr. Akio Kokubu(Director)

Sept. 18

Mr. Seiji Yoshikawa(Deputy Director)

Oct. 1High-Tech Crime Control Center• Mr. Toshihisa Hirakawa(Leader, Intelligence Section)

Tokyo District Court• Mr. Hiroyuki Katsuno(Chief of Criminal Filing andRecords Section)

The Supreme Court• Mr. Yuki Furuta(Justice)16Group Study Tour

Date

Location

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

Sept. 24

Kyoto

High-Tech Crime
Control Office• Ms. Masako Koyama(Chief)

Sept. 25

Kobe

Kobe Customs
Headquarters• Mr. Hiroshi Yamamoto(Deputy Director General)

Hiroshima

Hiroshima Prison• Mr. Hiroyuki Yoshida(Deputy Warden,
Classification Division)

Hiroshima

6th Regional Coast
Guard Headquarters• Mr. Minoru Kono
(Chief of Planning Section,
General Affairs Division)

Sept. 26

17

Special Events

Sept. 1
Sept. 4, 5, 8

Welcome Party
Japanese Conversation Classes

The overseas participants attended three Japanese conversation classes and learned
practical Japanese expressions. The sensei (teachers) were Ms. Junko Toyoguchi and Ms.
Tomoko Toriya of JICE.
Sept. 9Courtesy Visit to the Ministry of Justice andReception by the Vice-Minister of Justice

After visiting the Ministry of Justice, a reception was held by the Vice-Minister ofJustice, Mr. Hiroshi Ozu, at the Ministry of Justice, Tokyo.
Sept. 11

UNAFEI Olympics

The UNAFEI Olympic Games were held on the grounds of the Training Institute for
Correctional Personnel. The participants competed in such events as racket relay, tug of
war and the true or false quiz. Afterwards, the participants enjoyed a social with UNAFEI
staff and faculty.
Sept. 17

TICP Friendship Party

The participants enjoyed a friendship party hosted by the Training Institute for
Correctional Personnel, in Fuchu. The participants enjoyed demonstrations of Japanesegames and sports such as suika wari and karate.
Sept. 20, 21

Home Visits

ACPF Fuchu Branch kindly organized dinners for the participants in the homes of
their members. The hosts were Mr. Kiyotomo Terashima, Mr. Rinshi Sekiguchi, Ms. Hiroko
Maekawa and Ms. Chitose Sashida.
Oct. 3, 4

ACPF Branches Study TourThe participants were invited to visit branches of the ACPF in six locations around
Japan. The participants split into groups and visited Aomori, Iwate, Nagano, Nagoya, Osakaand Sapporo. They visited local criminal justice facilities and had an opportunity to dosome sightseeing. In addition, each branch held a reception in honour of the participants
visiting their region.
Oct. 8

Visit to Fuchu Daikyu Elementary School
The participants visited Fuchu Daikyu Elementary School where they had the opportunity to observe a Japanese school, talk to the students and teachers, and take part in traditional Japanese games.

18

Oct. 8Suntory Brewery Visit
The participants visited the Suntory brewery where they were given a guided tour.
Afterwards the Fuchu Rotary Club hosted a very enjoyable party.

Oct. 9Farewell Party
A party was held to bid farewell to all the participants.

19

Reference Materials

A.

United Nations Documents

1.

The International Review of Criminal Policy (No. 43 and No. 44): United Nations Manual on
the Prevention and Control of Computer-related Crime (1994)
Combating the Criminal Misuse of Information Technologies (A/RES/55/63) (2000)
Crime Related to Computer Networks-Background Paper for the Workshop on Crimes Related
to the Computer Network: Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime andTreatment of Offenders (A/CONF.187/10) (2000)
Background paper for the Workshop on Measures to Combat Computer-related Crime:
Eleventh United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice(A/CONF.203/14) (2005)

2.
3.

4.

B.

Council of Europe Documents

1.
2.

Convention on Cybercrime (ETS 185)
Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, Concerning the Criminalisation of Actsof a Racist and Xenophobic Nature Committed through Computer Systems (ETS 189)
Explanatory Report to the Convention on Cybercrime
Explanatory Report to Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, Concerning the
Criminalisation of Acts of a Racist and Xenophobic Nature Committed through Computer
Systems
Guidelines for the Cooperation between Law Enforcement and Internet Service Providers
against Cybercrime

3.
4.

5.

C.

Group of Eight Documents

1.
2.

G8 1997 Communique (Principles and Action Plans to Combat High Tech Crime)
Recommendations for Tracing Networked Communications Across National Borders in
Terrorist and Criminal Investigations (1999)
Best Practices for Network Security, Incident Response and Reporting to Law Enforcement(2004)
Best Practices for Law Enforcement Interaction with Victim-Companies during a Cybercrime
Investigation (2005)

3.
4.

D.

Other Related Materials

1.
2.

Model Law of Computer and Computer Related Crime (Commonwealth Secretariat, 2002)
Resource Materials on Technology-enabled Crime (Gregor Urbas and Kim-Kwang Raymond
Choo, Australian Institute of Criminology, 2008)"Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal
Investigations" Manual (Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section, Criminal Division,
United States Department of Justice; 2002)"Prosecuting Computer Crimes" Manual (Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section,
Criminal Division, United States Department of Justice; 2007)

3.

4.

20

Experts and Participants List

Visiting Experts
Dr. Marco Gerke

Council of Europe Expert/
Lecturer
University of Cologne
Germany

Mr. Joel Michael Schwarz

Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section
Criminal Division
US Department of JusticeUSA

Mr. Junsik Jang

Professor/Senior Inspector
Department of Police Science
Korea National Police University
Republic of Korea

Overseas Participants
Mr. Mirza Abdullahel Baqui

Superintendent of Police
Satkhira
Bangladesh

Mr. Bafi Nlanda

Public Prosecutor
Directorate of Public Prosecutions
Botswana

Mr. Elcio Ricardo de Carvalho

Federal Criminal Expert First Class
Technical-Scientific Directorate
Federal Police Department
Ministry of Justice
BrazilMr. Sergio Gardenghi Suiama

Federal Prosecutor
Cybercrime Division Co-ordinator
Cybercrime Division
Federal Attorney’s Office for the Stateof Sao Paolo
BrazilMr. Napoleon Bonaparte

Deputy Director
Crime Investigation Department,
South Sumatera Police Region
Indonesian National Police
Indonesia

21

Mr. Saleh Ibrahim Mohammed
Altawalbeh

Head of Operation Division in North
RegionPublic Security Directorate
JordanMr. Jesus Rodriguez Almeida

Director of IntelligenceState of Mexico Security Agency
MexicoMr. Syed Abbas Ahsan

Superintendent of Police
Islamabad Capital Territory Police
Pakistan

Mr. Gilbert Cassi Sosa

Chief
Anti-Transnational Crime Division
Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
Philippine National Police
Philippines

Mr. Vijith Kumara Malalgoda

Deputy Solicitor General
Criminal Division
Attorney General’s Department
Sri Lanka

Ms. Lam Chun-fa Rita

Senior Computer Forensics Examiner
Technology Crime Division
Hong Kong Police ForceHong Kong SAR

Mr. Santipatn Prommajul

Deputy Superintendent
High Tech Crime Center
Royal Thai Police
ThailandJapanese Participants
Mr. Hiroyuki Ito

Public Prosecutor
Osaka District Public Prosecutors Office

Mr. Takuya Matsunaga

Public Prosecutor
Fukuoka District Public Prosecutors Office
Kokura Branch

Mr. Yoichi Omura

Assistant Judge
Tokyo District Court

Mr. Koji Sakamoto

Judge
Osaka District Court

Mr. Nozomu Suzuki

Public Prosecutor
Fukushima District Public Prosecutors Office

22

INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMESThe 11th International Training Course on the Criminal Justice Response to Corruption
The 11th International Training Course on the Criminal Justice Response to Corruption will
be held from 16 October to 14 November 2008. Twenty overseas participants, including five observers, and four Japanese participants, will attend.

1.

2. The Ninth Country Focused Training Course on the Juvenile Delinquent Treatment
System for Kenya
The Ninth Country Focused Training Course on the Juvenile Delinquent Treatment for
Kenya will be held from 5 to 27 November 2008. Twelve participants, including one volunteer
children’s officer, will attend.
3.

The Regional Forum on Good Governance for East Asian Countries
The Regional Forum on Good Governance for East Asian Countries will be held on the 10
and 11 December 2008 and will focus on the "Strengthening of Domestic and International Cooperation for Effective Investigation and Prosecution of Corruption". Senior criminal justice officials from 13 East Asian countries, including Japan, and a visiting expert will attend.
The 141st International Senior Seminar
The 141st International Senior Seminar will be held from 13 January to 13 February 2009.
The theme of the Seminar will be "The Improvement of the Treatment of Offenders Through the
Enhancement of Community-Based Alternatives to Incarceration". Approximately 28 government
officials from Japan and overseas will attend, as well as visiting experts from Asian and Westerncountries.

4.

Rationale
The main theme of this course is the improvement of the treatment of offenders throughthe enhancement of community-based alternatives to incarceration.
It is true that the detention of offenders is one of the most basic measures used by criminal justice systems to secure proper legal procedures in the investigation and trial of criminal
offences, and is also important in maintaining justice and security in the community during theexecution of a sentence. On the other hand, however, it is insufficient to impose blanket detention
on all offenders, for a number of reasons: firstly, in consideration of the humanitarian principle ofavoiding restricting prisoners’ rights more than is necessary; secondly, to avoid the problem ofprison overcrowding; and thirdly, to enhance correctional and community treatment to meet offenders’ individual requirements ("Evil communications corrupt good manners").
The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-Custodial Measures (the Tokyo
Rules), which were adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on the basis of a recommendation by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of
Offenders in 1990, provide guidelines and basic principles for diversified non-custodial measures.
The Tokyo Rules aim at reducing the use of incarceration and rationalizing criminal justice policies by enhancing community-based approaches in order to alleviate problems relating to prison
overcrowding and encourage the reintegration of offenders into the community. In response to thissituation, "The Vienna Declaration on Crime and Justice: Meeting the Challenges of the TwentyFirst Century", adopted by the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and theTreatment of Offenders, held in Vienna in 2000, stressed the importance of promoting effective

23

alternatives to incarceration in order to contain the growth and overcrowding of correctional facilities’ populations. As a follow-up, plans of action for the implementation of the Vienna Declaration
were adopted by the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in 2002, which includes a paragraph on action on prison overcrowding and alternatives to incarceration. It encourages Member States to prioritize Non-Custodial Measures to imprisonment where possible. It also
recommends educating the public on the meaning and effect of alternatives to imprisonment andhow they work. Additionally, The Bangkok Declaration: "Synergies and Responses: Strategic
Alliances in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice", adopted by the Eleventh United Nations
Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, held in Bangkok in 2005, also stressed theimportance of further developing restorative justice policies, procedures and programmes that include promoting effective alternatives to prosecution, thereby avoiding the possible adverse effects
of imprisonment, helping to rehabilitate offenders.
Based on these plans, various alternative measures such as suspension of prosecution, community service, fine, suspended pronouncement of sentence/suspended sentence, probation, parole,etc. have been taken by many countries at both the pre-sentencing and post-sentencing stages.
However, despite the introduction of these measures and policies, the continuous increaseof the prison population and subsequent overcrowding is still one of the most pressing problems
in criminal justice in many countries. Also, the degree to which community-based alternatives toincarceration of offenders have been adopted varies a great deal from country to country.
Sometimes, although officially adopted, community-based alternatives to incarceration do not become functional because of insufficient understanding and support from criminal justice practitioners. Furthermore, the lack of acceleration of community-based alternatives to incarceration can betraced in part to public misunderstanding of the meaning and the effect of such programmes.
Therefore, there is a need to educate the public on the importance of community-based alternatives
to incarceration.
It is very important to enhance community-based alternatives to incarceration for the purpose not only of reducing the number of offenders who are subject to custodial measures but also
to enhance rehabilitation and reintegration into society, to prevent recidivism. Community-based
treatment should include guidance, supervision and support for offenders as well as encouragement
and help in avoiding conflict and other temptations. Such treatment is practical, considering thatthe vast majority of offenders will return to the community after completing their sentences.
Consequently, community-based alternatives to incarceration are implemented in order to realize effective criminal justice administration, balanced with the necessity of detention.
Objectives
The purpose of this Seminar is to offer participants an opportunity to share experiences andknowledge regarding community-based alternatives to incarceration. In order to achieve this purpose, the Seminar programme will provide an opportunity to clarify the current situations andproblems existing in the respective countries in the field of community based alternatives to incarceration. There will also be an opportunity to build participants’ knowledge of possible measures
to enhance community based alternatives to incarceration at all stages of the criminal justice process. Among the major topics to be studied are the following:(1) Current situations and problems of community-based alternatives to incarceration which are
implemented through supervision and aftercare of offenders at each stage of criminal proceedings:• Suspension of prosecution• Bail• Community service• Fine• Suspended pronouncement of sentence/suspended sentence• Probation

24• Parole, etc.
(2) Possible measures to enhance community based alternatives to incarceration:(a) Measures such as the above mentioned community based alternatives to incarceration;(b) Other measures to facilitate community based alternatives to incarceration:• Enhancing training programmes to further develop the ability of staff responsible for thetreatment of offenders;• Enhancing the involvement of private collaborators (volunteers, NGOs, neighbourhood community associations, etc.) and strengthening their expertise;• Enlightening the general public on crime prevention activity and the treatment of offenders;• Establishing a co-operative scheme among all parties concerned.

25

ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS

Overseas Trips by Staff
Director Keiichi Aizawa, Deputy Director Takeshi Seto, Mr. Shintaro Naito (Professor), Mr.
Etsuya Iwagami (Staff), and Mr. Ikuo Kosaka (Staff) visited Bangkok, Thailand from 20 to 26
July 2008 as co-hosts of the Second Regional Seminar on Good Governance for Southeast AsianCountries. The focus of the Seminar was "Corruption Control in Public Procurement".
Ms. Tae Sugiyama (Professor) and Mr. Tetsuya Sugano (Professor) visited Kenya from 26
July to 22 August 2008 and 1 August to 5 September 2008 respectively. The purpose of the trip
was to visit children’s institutions, observe the conditions of the treatment of children and the activities of volunteer children’s officers, and exchange ideas with and provide advice to the staff ofthe Children’s Department of the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Development. The professors also gave lectures at training seminars.
Deputy Director Takeshi Seto and Mr. Junichiro Otani (Professor) visited Costa Rica andArgentina from 16 to 30 August 2008. In Costa Rica they jointly hosted with ILANUD an international training course on Criminal Justice System Reforms in Latin America in which ten countries participated. In Argentina, they held a follow-up seminar focusing on the particular situationin that country.
Director Keiichi Aizawa, Mr. Koji Yamada (Professor) and Mr. Yuichi Shirakawa (Staff)
visited Ulan Bator, Mongolia from 25 to 30 August 2008 to attend the 12th ACPF World
Conference.
Mr. Shintaro Naito (Professor) visited Singapore from 26 to 30 August 2008 to attend the13th Annual Conference and General Meeting of the International Association of Prosecutors.

26

FACULTY AND STAFF OF UNAFEI

Faculty:
Mr. Keiichi Aizawa
Mr. Takeshi Seto
Mr. Motoo Noguchi
Mr. Haruhiko Higuchi
Ms. Tae Sugiyama
Mr. Tetsuya Sugano
Mr. Jun Oshino
Mr. Ryuji Tatsuya
Mr. Koji Yamada
Mr. Shintaro Naito
Mr. Junichiro Otani
Ms. Grace Lord

Secretariat:
Mr. Sakumi Fujii
Mr. Hitoshi Nakasuga
Mr. Masato Fujiwara

Director
Deputy Director
Professor
Professor
Professor, Chief of Information and LibraryService Division
Professor, Chief of Research Division
Professor, Chief of Training Division
140th Course Programming Officer
Professor,
140th Course Deputy Programming Officer
Professor
Professor
Professor
Linguistic Adviser

Chief of Secretariat
Co-Deputy Chief of Secretariat
Co-Deputy Chief of Secretariat

General and Financial Affairs Section:
Mr. Masaaki Kojitani
Chief
Mr. Fumihiro Nakayasu
OfficerMr. Atsushi Takagi
Officer
Ms. Kayoko Ono
OfficerTraining and Hostel Management Affairs Section:
Mr. Etsuya Iwakami
Chief
Mr. Yuichi Kitada
Officer,
140th Course Assistant Programming Officer
Mr. Ikuo Kosaka
OfficerMr. Yuichi Shirakawa
Officer
Ms. Akane Uenishi
OfficerInternational Research Affairs Section:
Mr. Kenichiro Koiwa
Chief
Ms. Masumi Tomita
Librarian27

Secretarial Staff:
Ms. Miki Usuki
Ms. Aiko Ota

Kitchen:Mr. Yuji Matsumoto

Chef

JICA Co-ordinator:
Ms. Yasuko Ono

UNAFEI Home Page: http://www.unafei.or.jp/
UNAFEI E-mail: unafei@moj.go.jp