Product-Specific Criteria for Facsimile (PSC-ID：AH-03)
2004/09/29 AH-03
2004/03/01 AH-02
2002/11/14

Note: These standards have been prepared for the development of EcoLeaf™
environmental labels. Use for any other purpose without consent of the EcoLeaf™
program office is strictly prohibited.
No.

Major key

Minor key

Class

1

Preconditions

Target product

Description

Facsimiles are communications appliances
widely used in homes, offices, and otherplaces, and the technologies they use arethermal paper/thermal film (SP), inkjet (IJ),
and electrophotograpy (EP) to producemonochrome and color documents.

Scope

Product and packaging included in smallest
retail unit (wrapping and box). However,when product functions are not fulfilled in theabove form, scope includes separate
equipment that does so.

StageScope

All lifestyle stages covered.

Manufacturing
stageinformation(productinformation)

Productmaterials or
ingredientmakeup1) Class A parts (see section 3.4 ofimplementation guidelines):

2

3

4

Product data
sheet (PDS)
Input data for
the LCI:
Lifecycle
inventory
analysis

Requirements

SP faxes
Thermal paper: Thermal head, thermal
paper (get data on energy forprocessing thermal paper).
Thermal film: Thermal head, ink ribbon
EP faxes
Photoreceptors.
1. For cylinder processing:• Use in-house data on processing
energy (when in-house1

No.

Major key

Minor keyClass

Requirements
data are available).
• See No. 14 when in-house data are
not available.
2. Use in-house data on the energy
used in processing fromcylinders to coating.
Toner. Use in-house data on processing
energy.
Carrier. Same conditions as for toner.
IJ Faxes
Print head. Use in-house data onprocessing energy.
Ink
1. All ink constituents are treated aswater, and the intensity for“water” is used, but thisdoes not restrict the use ofindividual intensities.
2. Use the processing energy dataobtained in house. For thematerials used in class Aparts, go back to theMSDS material level.
2) To determine resource input amounts, usematerial mass for the stage at which materials
become products, get a breakdown of themasses of the materials making up at least
90% of total product mass, and prorate therest to come out to 100%.
3) The 12 materials listed on the product data
sheet are: “Normal steel, Stainless steel,aluminum, other metals, thermoplastic resins,thermosetting resins, rubber, glass, paper,semiconductor substrates, wood, and water.”For other materials, list their intensities.
4) Open recycling and reuse
When open recycling and reuse are included,
each company can calculate these categories
by creating scenarios consideredappropriate, and while taking careful note of2

No.

Major key

Minor keyClass

Requirements
the following items. The soundness of
scenario bases is subject to verification.
(1) Processes regarded within the scope of“indirect effects”(2) Deductions and impacts within the scopeof “indirect effects”
Note
PSC-AH-01: No distinction is madebetween direct and indirect effects
with regard to recycling
effectiveness.

5Product data
sheet (PDS)
Input data for
the LCI:
Lifecycle
inventory
analysis

Manufacturing
stage
information(production siteinformation)

Material andenergy inputs,consumption,and emissions

Input and consumption items:
Electricity, fuel oil A, diesel fuel, kerosene,
gasoline, LNG (town gas), LPG, city tap
water, industrial water supply, groundwater
However, determine the impact of processing
energy for class A parts by going back to theMSDS material level.
Emissions:
Not specified. Each company should list
those which it deems important.
Transport impacts for material inputs (rawmaterials and energy) are not factored in.
Byproducts and sub-materials are notfactored in.
Sub-materials: Defined as materials input anddiscarded at manufacturing sites, and notshipped with products.

3No.
6

Major key

Minor keyDistribution
stageinformation

ClassProducttransport
conditions

Requirements
1) Means of transport to users and loading
ratio are based on models developed by eachapplicant company.
2) Domestic transport distance (transport tosite of product use) is calculated as 100 km.
Product transport impact from overseas toJapan is the impact of both land and sea
transport from the manufacturing site.
Note
PSC-AH-01: Overseas transport
impact is not included.
3) Discarding and recycling of facsimile
packaging are entered in No. 8“Waste/recycling.”

4

No.
7

Major key

Minor key

Class

Usage stage
information

Product usage
conditions

Requirements
1) Usage conditions(1) The standard document for personal
faxes is the industry standard, the A4-size
ITUT test chart #1, or a document 3% ormore black.
Transmitting, 15 pages/month; receiving,15 pages/month. Usage period is 5years. Faxes are assumed to be instandby mode 24 hours/day other thanwhen in use. One year is 365 days withno leap year.
(2) The standard document for business
faxes is the industry standard, the A4-size
ITUT test chart #1, or a document 3% ormore black. Transmitting, 5 pages/hour;
receiving, 5 pages/hour; faxes operate 8hours/day, 20 days/month. Usage period is5 years. One year is 365 days (no leapyear). Assuming a period of 5 years, faxes
are in standby mode 24 hours/day otherthan when in use.
2) Paper used by faxes is not included whencalculating impact, but data on energy
used to process thermal paper areincluded.
3) Numbers of regularly replaced parts andconsumables used
Items included: based on plan when
facsimile was designed, or on actual partsand consumables used.
Quantities: The quantities used based on
the above (5 years for both personal andbusiness faxes), with fractions rounded
up to integers.
Transport: Each company develops amodel based on the above for transport
from the manufacturing site to place
where product is used.
4) Conditions for discarding and recycling of
regularly replaced parts for consumables
are set forth in No. 8 “Waste/recycling.”

5No.

Major key

8Product data
sheet (PDS)
Input data for
the LCI:
Lifecycle
inventory
analysis

Minor key

ClassWaste/
Product waste/
recycling stage recycling
information
conditions

Requirements
1) Scenario development
Use the appendix: “Discarding and Recycling
Scenarios for Scrapped Products.”
1. Recovery routes are those in eachcompany’s scenarios, which include
transport.
• Reuse scenario• Recycling scenario
Each company sets material-specificrecycling rates (=η).
• Industrial waste management
scenario with no reuse or recycling.
2. For non-recovery route, use “Municipal
Solid Waste Management Scenario” (seeappendix).
2) Deduction scenario: Use the appendix:“Discarding and Recycling Scenarios forScrapped Products.”
3) Criteria for determination of recyclability
and reusability. Each company decides on
its own criteria.
4) When using recovery rate η1 of products,
packaging, consumables, and replacement
parts, personal faxes are η1 = 0%, andbusiness faxes are η1 = 40%. Or the actual
rate (η2) may be used.
When products are reused, add in thereuse handling impact including transport
for making products available for reuse,and deduct the material manufacturing andprocessing impacts of the reused parts (asa rule, measured data are used whencalculating reuse handling impact). Eachcompany sets the number of times a
product is reused (N1) in units of 5 years
after the 5-year usage period has elapsed,based on its measured or design values.
N1 must be an integer. (Example: If partsare used 10–14 years, N1=1; if 15–19years, N1=2.) Impact is calculated in thefollowing manner using N1.

6No.

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Minor key

ClassRequirements
Deduction amount for part reuse =“material manufacturing impact andprocessing impact for reused part” x“product recovery rate η1 (or η2)” x“reuse deduction rate N1 (N1+1)”
Factor in handling impact for parts reused
within 5 years.
5) Consumables and replacement parts
The number of times an item is reused
during its lifetime is N2, and the number of
items used in 5 years is n, with fractions
rounded up to integers.
Impact calculation uses the above N2 andn:Part impact = “impact generated until
one part is manufactured” x “numberof items used in 5 years (n)”Deduction amount for part reuse =“possible reuse amount planned attime of design by each company” x“product recovery rate η1 (or η2)” x“reuse deduction ratio N2/(N2+1)” x“number of items used in 5 years(n)”Reuse handling impact = “reusehandling impact for one part” x “partrecovery rate η1 (or η2)” x “numberof parts reused in 5 years (n)”6) Open recycling and reuseWhen open recycling and reuse areincluded, each company can calculatethese categories by creating scenarios
considered appropriate, and while taking
careful note of the following items. The
soundness of scenario bases is subject toverification.
(1) Processes regarded within the scope of“indirect effects”(2) Deductions and impacts within thescope of “indirect effects”

7

No.

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Minor keyClass

Requirements
Note
PSC-AH-01: No distinction is madebetween direct and indirect
effects with regard to recycling
effectiveness. The following
quality weighting coefficientsare multiplied by the amountof recycled materials
recovered: Z=0.5 for metals,
Z=1 for glass, Z=0.9 forcardboard, and Z=0.35 forother materials.

9Product
Inventory
Environmental analyses
Information
Disclosure
Sheet (PEIDS)

Lifecycle
Paper and wood are regarded as class A
inventory
parts, and their processing and assembly
calculation rules impacts are not factored in.
When open recycling and reuse are included,
calculate direct and indirect effects
separately and express the indirect portion as“recycling effectiveness.” On the PEIDS, put
the indirect effect total in the “RecyclingEffectiveness” space, and put the recycling
effectiveness breakdown in the PEIDS
explanation space.
NotePSC-AH-01: No distinction is made between
direct and indirect effects with regard torecycling effectiveness.

10

Impact analysis Additional“Ozone layer depletion,” “eutrophication,” andimpact category “photochemical oxidants” deleted from thePEIDS.

11 Breakdown
data sheet(PDS-related)

Dataprocessing

8

Allocation ruleNot unified; each company decides as it seesfit.

No.

Major key

12

Minor key
Data collection

1314 Breakdown
data sheet(PEIDSrelated)

Database

ClassRequirements

Coverage

When data are unobtainable, you may
substitute data (including intensities) that
include the conditions used in designing orplanning.

Cut-off rules

When a cut-off is applied for assembly orother impact, note this fact and clearly state
the reason.

Intensity
selection

1) The “parts assembly” intensity is used for
assembly of purchased parts decided byeach company.
2) The “A1 plate” intensity is used forphotoreceptor materials.
3) The intensity for iron oxide (if used) is thatfor “cold-rolled steel sheets.”
4) Processing of cylinders for photoreceptors
uses the “nonferrous press” intensity.
5) For ink composition, use the intensity
category “service (water).”6) For the ceramics in thermal heads use theintensity for “glass.”
See the “List of Intensities” for the namesof these intensities. The foregoing does not
restrict the use of individual intensities.

15

Intensity
addition

16

Addition ofNone.
characterization
factor17 Productenvironmental
information

9Product
specification

None.

1) Printing technology used
2) Two categories of personal and business

No.

Major key

Minor key

ClassRequirementsuse3) Maximum printing size
4) Maximum document size5) Both sending and receiving
6) Other functions subject to verification

18 Merge withcell above

Data disclosure1) Items to list
Compulsory items “global warming impact,acidification impact, and energy
consumption” are specified (in theguidelines), while the 7 optional items(guidelines) may be listed as desired.
2) Life cycle stages included
As desired.
3) Usage conditions
List period of use (5 years), number ofpages sent (X pages), number of pages
received (X pages). List environmental
impact of paper when fax is used, withreference to the following.
“Paper necessary at the usage stage is notincluded when calculating impact.
However, processing energy data forthermal paper are included."4) Method of representation
Use text, tables, and graphs as desired.
When open recycling and reuse areincluded:• Show recycling effectiveness withdotted lines independently for eachstage, without integrating actual
impact.
• Write the recycling effectivenessbreakdown in the margin.
Note10No.

Major key

Minor keyClass

Requirements
PSC-AH-01: No distinction is madebetween direct and indirect effects withregard to recycling effectiveness.

19 Otherenvironmentrelated
information

Optional items

The following may be entered.
(1) Type I and/or Type III environmental label(2) Acquisition of ISO 14001 certification(3) Certificates, approvals, or awards fromnational or industry organizations(4) Information on hazardous substances

11Discarding and Recycling Scenario for Scrapped Products (Revised March 1, 2004)
1
Discarded products
2
Recovery route (handled as industrial waste, or reused or recycled)3
Non-recovery route (handled as MSW)
4
Amount of reused parts
5
Determination
6
Potential recycling amount7
Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal scenario
8Reuse scenario
9Repair, inspection, cleaning, etc.
10Recycling scenario
11Crushing, classification, recycling, etc.
12
Amount of material recycled
13
Handled as industrial waste
14
Industrial waste disposal scenario
15
Amount that can be reused (deducted) as parts
16
Amount that can be reused (deducted) as materials
17
Product
18
Crushing
19
Handled as combustibles
20
Handled as noncombustibles
21
MSW incineration
22
MSW landfilling23
Non-recovery route: Factored in when discarded products are disposed of as
municipal solid waste (with municipalities responsible).
Recovery route: Factored in when products are either scrapped as industrial
waste (with businesses responsible) or reused/recycled.

12