Innovation for Cool Earth Forum

Solar Lights the Planet: China Story
Jing CHEN
Postdoctoral Researcher
Tsinghua University

A Roadmap to net zero by 2050•

In 2021, the IEA published its report Net
Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global
Energy Sector.

•Between 2021 and 2030, low emissions
sources of supply grow by around 125 EJ
in the NZE Scenario.

•

Over the period 2050, the largest growth
in low-emissions energy supply comesfrom solar and wind.

Global solar PV installed capacity

China’s solar PV installation speed
New PV installations in China （2013-2022: GW）

Lhasa(Tibet)
2,400 kWh

Minqin(Gansu)
2,000 kWh
Beijing
1,400 kWh
Zhang
Jiakou(Hebei)
1,700 kWhIn 2022, China’s solar capacity increased by 87 GW.
From January to August 2023, China’s PV capacity increasedby 113 GW. It would increase 180GW this year.
If China's new PV installed capacity exceeds 250 GW in 2025,
carbon emissions will reach the peak.
China's PV installed capacity per capita may exceed 1 kW in
2030, and we believe it will be ahead of schedule.

Power Generation of 1kW PV

Zhejiang
1,050 kWhThe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Goal 7. Ensure access toaffordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern
energy for all.

5Tsinghua University and global initiative of 1 kW PV per capita
 In April 2019, the Research Center for Energy Transition and Social Development, School of Social
Sciences of Tsinghua University was establised.
 We’ve launched global initiative of 1 kW solar PV per capita.
 Policy recommendations: Our center put forward 42 suggestions for the 14th Five-Year Plan
renewable energy development plan. In 2021, Our center proposed 24 policy suggestions to theNational People's Congress and received responses from the Ministry of Natural Resources.

6China pilot campaign: 1 kW PV Per Capita by 2030
Co-lead: the Research Center for Energy Transition and Social Development（RCETSD), School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University
Co-lead: The Blue Map, www.ipe.org.cn

Jun MaFounder ofBlue Map

Jijiang He

Changhua Wu

RCETSD’s executive China Director, Officeof Jeremy Rifkin
deputy director

China pilot campaign: 1 kW PV Per Capita by 2030

https://www.ipe.org.cn/MapPowerStation/PowerStation.aspx
Solar PV Installed Capacity Per Capita in Different Countries
Capacity(GW)

Population(million）

Per capita（W)

2022

2021

Australia

29.7

25.69

1,156

Netherlands

19.143

17.53

1,092

Germany

67

83.2

805

Japan

78.8

125.7

627

Denmark

3.25

5.86

555

Switzerland

4.65

8.7

534

Hungary

4

9.71

412

China

392

1,400

280

The vision for achieving net
zero emissions by 2050, which
requires, at least, an average of
1 kW per capita by 2030.
solar installed capacity per capita(kW)8China pilot campaign: 1 kW PV per capita by 2030
Ordos
(Inner Mongolia)
Hami(Xinjiang province)

Counties that have been lighted
Qinghai(2021)
solar installed capacity
per capita: 2.75kW

Ningdong(Ningxia province)

Zhongwei(Ningxia province)

Ruicheng(Jiangxi province)

Lankao(Henan province)

solar installed capacity per capita(kW)The map include installed capacity, power generation and per capita data each case.

Haining(Zhejiang province)

China pilot campaign: 1 kW PV per capita by 2030

Global goalover 1 kW solar installations per capita

China goalover 1 kW solar installations per capita

Pioneer area

A group of counties, towns and villages
will achieve 1 kW solar installations percapita by 2025

Make it possible for everyone to participate in PV
Build 1 kW PV

Invest in 1 kW PV

Demonstrate 1 kW PV Donate 1 kW PV

Project 1: Qian Xuesen sand industrial innovation demonstration base

Sand industry theory

Badain Jaran Desert

more sunlightless water
new technology

Minqin County

Tengger Desert

high efficiency

Qian Xuesen

Minqin laboratory

Qian Xuesen sand industrial innovation demonstration base--Minqin laboratory
Solar anddesertification control
demonstration plot

Highly water-efficient
agriculture
demonstration plot

Zero carbon village
demonstration plot

Educationdemonstration zone

Case: Changchengzero carbon village

Botanical garden in

Land: 100 acres
PV: 3MWCase: Minqin County

Case: Pepino Melon
planting baseOff-grid zero carbon
residence inChangcheng village

desert station

PV and desert controlpark

Qian Xuesen sand industrial science demonstration base planningEcological and geological disaster avoidance and relocation
project in Changcheng village
Changcheng Village is located in Minqin County, Gansu Province. TheAccording to the livable rural house construction standards ofvillage covers an area of 7.7 square kilometers and has 273 households with"modern functions, rustic style, economical cost, and safety", the1,052 people. There are Ming Great Wall and Liuhu Dun ruins, and the desert

project covers an area of 182 acres and will be built with 141

botanical garden.

residential houses, each covering an area of 330 square meters, The
front yard is the residential area, and the backyard is material storage
area.

14

Zero carbon residence
Solar solution:• Rooftop solar installation: 18 or 36 kW.

• The east is rooftop PV, and the west is aPV awning.
• It is not connected to the grid within threemonths. It is equipped with storage
inverter and phase change heat storage torealize off-grid zero carbon farming.
• After three to six months , it can beconnected to the grid.

Zero carbon new village
Zero carbon new village = PV & electric heating & electric
kitchen & electric transportation
There are 141 households in the village, the total capacity of PV
is about 2.8 MW( 20 kW/household *141 & public buildings
rooftop such as the village committee).
This project plans to install three transformers (each with acapacity of 200 kVA).
First stage: 24 households will install PV.

Project 2: 1 kW PV per capita and rural energy transition

Fullyelectrification

Zerocarbonization

Greenelectricity

Zero carbon village experimental station( more than 20)
1: Weidian Village, Bohai Town, Huairou District

11: Xingfu Village, Taojiagong Town, Yizhou District, Hami City,

2: Huairou District New Energy High-tech Popularization andXinjiang

Development Center

12: Donghong Village, Xingzi Town, Lianzhou City, Qingyuan City

3: Yukou Village, Qiaozi Town, Huairou District

13: Panshui Village, Fengyang Town, Lianzhou City, Qingyuan City

4: Xu Fengzhuang, Zhuzhai Village, Zhuzhai Town, Pei County

14: Xinma Village, Yuantan Town, Qingcheng District, Qingyuan

5: Zhanghong Village, Guanshan Town, Suining County 6:

CityWangyu Village, Qiuji Town, Suining County

15: Longwan, Xiamao Town, Sihui, Zhaoqing City

7: Shuoxian Village, Guanhu Town, Pizhou City 8

16: Hongshan Village, Timian Town, Huadu District, Guangzhou

8: Yongfeng No. 1 Village, Haye Hutong Town, Jiuyuan

CityDistrict, Baotou City

17: Lianma Village, Lutian Village, Conghua City, Guangzhou City

9: Houping Village, Guilong Town, Wujiang District, Shaoguan

18: Wenchun Village, Taishan City, Jiangmen CityCity

19: Dong'an Village, Doumen District, Zhuhai City

10: Bostan Village, Wubao Town, Yizhou District, Hami City,

20: Baishan Community, Tonghe Street, Baiyun District, Guangzhou

Xinjiang

City......

The main paths to zero carbon in village

Waste classification and carbon reduction

 Zero carbon electricity

Agricultural carbon reduction

40 kW 200 square meters

Transportation carbon reduction

generate electricity: 48,000kWhZero carbon heatingheat pump, smart heating, direct electric heatingZero carbon transportation

Green electricity production
Biogas utilization

Forest and grass carbon sinkelectric transportation, e-bike

Soil carbon sink

 Zero carbon cooking
 Zero carbon agricultural production

For a typical village, when its green electricity production is20%-50% greater than its usage, it will generally achievecarbon neutrality.

Residential Solar: 20 kW per 100 square meters
Hebei province

Hebei province

Shandong province

Liaoning province

Shandong province

Shandong province

Solar PV and residential electrificationRESIDENTIAL SMART
SOLUTION

Solar power

Washing machine

Kitchensystem
Air conditional
RefrigeratorTV
Charging station
systemNew energy car

Solar PV improve building’s function

Future investment in village
House alteration
investment

Distribution
grid network
investment

PV
investment

Agriculture
electrification
investment

Daily life (cooking、heatingand transportation)
electrification investment

1,000 zero carbon village experimental stations around the world

3MW PV in village
public area

3 MW residential
distributed PVVillage
electrification

Upgrading of
distribution network
infrastructure

Total investment: 4.5M$ (30 million RMB) for one village

Agriculture
electrification

Race towards 1kW PV per capita

Zero carbon
village design
race
Mobilize local governments tolaunch design race

Zero carbon
villageexperimental
stationRelying on local government andthe State Grid to build zero carbon
village experimental station

Zero carbon
villagedemonstration
stationWhen the zero carbon index of
the experimental station reaches
the standard, it can become ademonstration station.

Our footprints
Let’s have a race to build the zero carbon rural experimental station,and light more counties with PV, and complete 1 kW per capita by
2030. This will advance the spread of carbon neutral technologies inrural areas. And the final winner will be the environment.

Actor 1: Women
Women’s Power

Actor 2: Young-generation

Investigate solar PV installation scenarios in rural China

Paint the wall

Live commerceLook forward to our partnership!
Together, “Solar Lights the Planet”!
(www.ipe.org.cn)

Thank You!
Dr. Jing CHEN
Email: chenjing17@tsinghua.org.cn