No. 96
July 1998

Established1961
IN THIS ISSUE
Page

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR................................................................................................................. 1
THE 109TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE ................................................................................. 3
EFFECTIVE TREATMENT MEASURES FOR PRISONERS TO FACILITATETHEIR RE-INTEGRATION INTO SOCIETY
Course Rationale ............................................................................................................................... 3
Discussion Guidelines ...................................................................................................................... 4
Course Summary............................................................................................................................... 6
Lecture Topics................................................................................................................................... 7
Individual Presentation Topics .......................................................................................................... 9Group Workshop Sessions............................................................................................................... 11Group 1 ............................................................................................................................. 11Group 2 ............................................................................................................................. 15Group 3 ............................................................................................................................. 18
Observation Visits........................................................................................................................... 20Group Study Tours .......................................................................................................................... 22
Special Events................................................................................................................................. 23
Reference Materials Distributed....................................................................................................... 26
Visiting Experts .............................................................................................................................. 27
Course Counsellor ........................................................................................................................... 28
Participants ..................................................................................................................................... 28
BANGLADESH-UNAFEI JOINT SEMINAR............................................................................................... 33
INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMES..................................................................... 34
Training Programmes...................................................................................................................... 34
The 110th International Training Course........................................................................... 34
The 111th International Seminar ....................................................................................... 35
Other Activities............................................................................................................................... 37
Experts Meeting on Crimes Related to the Computer Network........................................... 37
India-UNAFEI Joint Seminar ............................................................................................ 37
ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS......................................................................................................................... 37
MAIN STAFF OF UNAFEI .......................................................................................................................... 39

UNAFEI IS AN AFFILIATED REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNITED NATIONSLETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR

It is my privilege to inform the readers of the successful completion of the 109th
International Training Course on, “Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their
Re-integration into Society,” conducted from 13 April to 2 July 1998.
In this Training Course, we welcomed 16 overseas and 13 Japanese participants: 22 from
Asia, 4 from the Pacific and 3 from Africa. They included 13 corrections officials, 3 probation
officers, 2 police officials, 2 public prosecutors, 2 training officers, 1 family court probation officer,
1 judge and other high-ranking officials. I am particularly delighted to have welcomed a participant
representing Kiribati for the first time.
As this newsletter will demonstrate, this Training Course was definitely productive. It
consisted of Individual Presentations, Group Workshop Sessions, visits to relevant criminal justiceagencies, and presentations by visiting experts and ad hoc lecturers.
The 109th Course endeavored to explore the best means to more effectively ensure thesmooth re-integration of prisoners into society by discussing the establishment, proper
implementation, and strengthening of treatment programmes within and without the prison walls.
This was accomplished primarily through the comparative analysis of the current situation andproblems in the participating countries. Our in-depth discussions enabled us to put forth effective
and practical countermeasures to such problems, so as to improve conditions in both the prison andthe community.
We all recognized that the act of incarceration itself is expected to serve as a punishment
and have a deterrent effect upon the lives of prisoners. Yet in many cases it is not enough. Thus
prisons must, at the same time, provide specifically instituted treatment programmes to facilitate therehabilitation of prisoners and consequently prevent their recidivism.
Since correctional treatment in prison is the first major step towards re-integrating
offenders within society, we all agreed that the establishment and strengthening of suchtreatment is of great urgency. Particular attention should be given to the individual needs ofprisoners in consideration of their ultimate rehabilitation. Thus programmes such as prison
work, vocational training and academic education must be sufficiently diversified and practicalto benefit prisoners upon their release. Also necessary are treatment programmes that target
especially problematic categories of prisoners such as sex offenders, drug addicts and violent
offenders.
Moreover, to complement such efforts within the prison, we felt that importanceshould also be placed on early release systems and measures that assist offenders upon release.
It was opined that the effectiveness of early release systems as a criminal policy hinges on the
careful screening of prisoners.
Furthermore, we felt that it is essential to provide adequate supervision, as well as guidanceand care, to releasees (whether discharged early or upon serving a full sentence) in order to ensure-2their re-integration into the society. In addition, the support of community volunteers andorganizations is vital. Moreover, we strongly encouraged the re-emergence of traditional forms ofcommunity involvement.
The underlying issue of prison overcrowding was of particular importance during our
discussion since its existence prevents the proper implementation of rehabilitation programmes in
the prison. Unquestionably, such measures as early release and community-based treatment
alleviate prison overcrowding. Nonetheless, we all agreed that such programmes should not be
used automatically to solve the problem.
I would like to offer my sincere congratulations to all the participants for their successful
completion of the Training Course made possible by their strenuous efforts. My hearty gratitude
goes to the visiting experts and ad hoc lecturers who contributed a great deal to the Training
Course's success. Furthermore, I appreciate the indispensable assistance and cooperation extended
to UNAFEI by the various agencies and institutions which helped diversify the programme.
A warm tribute must be paid to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for its
immeasurable support throughout the Training Course. At the same time, I must express great
appreciation to the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF) and its branch organizations fortheir substantial contributions.
I also wish to thank the various community organizations and individuals who provided theparticipants with the opportunity to experience various aspects of Japanese culture, in particular the
Fuchu Rotary Club and the International Soroptimist Tokyo Fuchu for their continuous
contributions to UNAFEI activities.
Lastly, I owe my gratitude to all the individuals whose unselfish efforts behind the scenes
contributed significantly to the successful realization of this Training Course.
Upon returning to their home countries, I genuinely believe that, like their predecessors, thestrong determination and dedication of the participants will enable them to contribute significantly
to the improvement of their respective nation's criminal justice systems, and their society as a whole.
For the participant who was the first to represent his country at UNAFEI, I sincerely hope that the
future brings new additions to the UNAFEI family from Kiribati.
Finally, I would like to reiterate my best regards to the participants of the 109th
International Training Course. I hope that the experience they gained during the Training Course
proves valuable in their daily work and that the human bonds fostered among the participants,
visiting experts, lecturers and UNAFEI staff continue to grow for years to come.

July 1998

Toichi Fujiwara

-3UNAFEI, Director

-4-

THE 109TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE“EFFECTIVE TREATMENT MEASURES FOR PRISONERS TO FACILITATETHEIR RE-INTEGRATION INTO SOCIETY”
Course Rationale

The imprisonment of offenders is executed as a punishment. However, at the sametime, imprisonment, through the correctional treatment given in prison, is expected torehabilitate offenders so as to facilitate their smooth re-integration into society after release.
Even though countries are making every possible effort to realize this latter objective, various
factors impair effectiveness. Consequently there is a high-reported rate worldwide of reoffense by discharged prisoners and of their resultant recommitment.
The guarantee of basic living conditions in prisons is a prerequisite to implementing
appropriately the necessary treatment for the future re-integration of each prisoner into society.
However, in some countries, these conditions are not satisfied due to staff and budgetary
constraints as well as various complications resulting from prison populations exceeding legal
capacity.
Under such circumstances, the need to offer rehabilitative services to offenders isovershadowed by the need to execute punishment and/or maintain order in the prison.
Additionally, in other countries, despite the existence of prisoner rehabilitation treatment
programs, an inadequate scope and improper methods of implementation make such programs
relatively ineffective.
Consequently, considering that correctional treatment in prison is the first major step
towards re-integrating offenders within society, the establishment and strengthening of suchtreatment is an urgent issue requiring attention. Moreover, to sustain or complement such
efforts within the prison, importance should also be placed on early release systems andmeasures which assist offenders upon release.
For example, the systems of many countries permit the release of selected prisoners
before the expiration of their sentence by such means as parole, good time system, andremission. When such early release systems operate properly and efficiently, the re-integrationof releasees into society can proceed smoothly. However, a flawed system is likely to result indischarged prisoners committing further offenses, which subsequently exposes the community
to further harm. Thus, the effectiveness of early release systems as a criminal policy hinges on
the careful screening of prisoners. In this regard, consideration should be given to factors
which reflect that a discharged prisoner will be able to adjust easily to society, such as whether
an offender has made genuine efforts to reform himself within prison and has acquired
vocational and living skills.
Further, it is essential to provide adequate supervision, as well as guidance and care, toreleasees (whether discharged early or upon serving a full sentence) in order to ensure their reintegration into the society. However, in many countries, such systems of supervision and aftercare
within the community are either nonexistent or function poorly. Consequently, discharged
prisoners who encounter difficulties or challenges in their daily lives may return to a life of crime.
As evidenced above, the smooth re-integration of discharged offenders into society
relies upon the establishment, proper implementation, and strengthening of treatment

-5programs within and without the prison walls. Thus, correctional treatment in prisons, releasesystems, and treatment in the community must be designed to supplement and complement
each other in order to secure the re-integration of prisoners into the community, as well as tobenefit the community which will receive them after release.

Discussion Guidelines

Bearing in mind the breadth of a theme such as the reintegration of discharged
prisoners into society, the following guidelines were provided to focus the participants
throughout the Training Course (Individual Presentations, Group Workshops, etc.).
A.

Correctional Treatment of Prisoners in Prison
1. Rationale of Correctional Treatment
2. Types and Operations of :a) Prison labourb) Vocational trainingc) Academic educationd) Open treatment (e.g., work furloughs, daytime-leave programmes,
temporary release, etc.)e) Living guidance (e.g., counseling, drug prevention programme for abusers,
and leave-the-gangster-group programme for those members, etc.)f) Other treatment programmes (e.g., programmes which encourage prisoners
to compensate and apologize to the victims, pre-release orientation
programmes, etc.)
3.

Provisions and methodology of individualized treatment which meets therehabilitation needs of each prisoner (e.g., Are the rehabilitation needs andprogress of each prisoner evaluated? Are treatment programmes in accordancewith each prisoner’s individual needs and progress provided? If so, how are
they provided?)

4.

Practice to improve and adjust the living environment where a prisoners will
return after release and his social relationships

5.

Mobilization of volunteers (e.g., What areas are volunteers mobilized? How dothey contribute to the prison service?)

6.

Evaluation methods on the effectiveness of treatment and evaluation feedback

7.

Living conditions of prisoners [e.g., food, clothing, accommodations, hygiene
and medical care, reading materials (including newspapers), religious activities,
meetings and correspondence with the outside (including family), etc.]

-6B.

C.

Early Release Systems for Prisoners
1. Types of early release systems and their operation
2.

Subjects for early release, and the number and percentage of early releasees
yearly in relation to all releasees

3.

The person authorized to apply for the early release, the early release decisionmaking organization, and the extent of such organization’s discretionary power

4.

Factors considered when deciding upon early release (e.g., gravity of the offence,
degree of prisoner’s reformation through correctional treatment, probability of
re-offense, the victim’s feelings, etc.)

5.

Time of early release6.

The nature of after-release conditions imposed on early releasees

Treatment for Discharged Prisoners in the Community
1. Types of supervision, subjects of supervision, and the responsible organization2.

Duration of supervision and methods of supervision3.

Implementation and methods of supervision for releasees who have served full
prison sentences.

4.

Responses to breach of conditions and misconduct by releasees

5.

Guidance and care to facilitate the re-integration of both early releasees andother releasees who served full prison sentence into society (e.g., providing job
opportunities, activities to improve and adjust the life environment of releasees,such as family and work place, programmes which encourage releasees tocompensate and apologize to the victims, etc.)

6.

Mobilization of volunteers, liaison, and cooperation with the relatedorganizations, and utilization of social resources

7.

Halfway houses: utilization and treatment offered

8.

Efforts and measures to sustain the progress realized through correctional
treatment in prisons

9.

Evaluation methods for the effectiveness of such treatment, and evaluation
feedback

-7-

Course Summary
Lectures
In total, 30 lectures were presented: 13 by visiting experts, 8 by ad hoc lecturers, 6 by the faculty, 1
by an ad hoc professor, 1 by the Deputy Director, and 1 by the Director.
During the first two weeks of the Course, an introductory lecture series entitled "Criminal Justice
System of Japan" (C.J.S.J.) was presented by the UNAFEI professors and an ad hoc professor
from the National Police Agency of Japan. As a precursor to this series, the Director discussed,from a broad international perspective, fundamental issues on corrections and rehabilitation.
During the fifth week, the Deputy Director lectured on current crime trends in Japan. Additionally,in the seventh and tenth weeks, special lectures were delivered respectively by Professors
Kurosawa and Imafuku.
Five distinguished criminal practitioners from abroad served as UNAFEI visiting experts for an
average of two weeks. They lectured on issues relating to the main theme. They also contributed
significantly to the Course by encouraging discussions after their own lectures, participating in thediscussions of the other programmes, and conversing with the participants on informal occasions.
Also, 8 ad hoc lecturers represented various government agencies, universities and research
institutes.
The lecturers and lecture topics are listed on pages 7 and 8.

Individual Presentations
During the second through fourth weeks, each participant delivered a one-hour Individual
Presentation, which introduced the actual situation, problems and future prospects of his/hercountry. These papers were compiled into a book entitled "COUNTRY REPORTS FOR THE
GROUP TRAINING COURSE IN CRIME PREVENTION" and distributed to all the participants.
The titles of these Individual Presentation papers are listed on pages 9 and 10.
Group Workshops
Group Workshops further examined the subtopics of the main theme. The participants weredivided into three groups. Each group elected a chairperson(s) and rapporteur(s) to organize thediscussions. The group members seriously studied the designated subtopics and exchanged theirviews based on information obtained through personal experience, the Individual Presentations,lectures and so forth. Nineteen sessions were allocated for Group discussion.
In the sixth week, Plenary Meetings were held to discuss the interim outline of the Group
Workshop reports and to offer suggestions and comments. During the final Plenary Meetings in
the ninth week, drafts of the Group Workshop reports were examined and critiqued by all theparticipants and the UNAFEI faculty. Based on these discussions, the Groups further refined theirreports and presented them at the Report-Back Session, where they were endorsed as the reports of
the Course. Summaries of the Group Workshop reports are provided on pages 11 through 19.

Visits and Special Events
Visits to various agencies and institutions in Japan helped the participants obtain a more practicalunderstanding of the Japanese criminal justice system. In addition to the Course's academic agenda,
many activities were arranged to provide a greater understanding of Japanese society and culture
with the assistance of various organizations and individuals, including the Asia Crime Prevention
Foundation (ACPF) and the Fuchu Rotary Club. For more detailed descriptions, please refer topages 20 through 25.

-8-Lecture Topics

Director's Lecture
Mr. Toichi Fujiwara, Director, UNAFEI•Some Important Considerations in the Correction and Rehabilitation of Prisoners
Deputy Director's Lecture
Mr. Masahiro Tauchi, Deputy Director, UNAFEI•Current Crime Trends in Japan
Criminal Justice System in Japan (C.J.S.J.) Lectures
1)

Mr. Kohei Ohtomo, National Police Agency•Police Organization System in Japan2)

Ms. Tomoko Akane, Professor, UNAFEI•Criminal Justice System in Japan: Prosecution

3)

Mr. Hiroshi Iitsuka, Chief of Training Division, Professor, UNAFEI•Criminal Justice System in Japan: The Courts

4)

Mr. Shinya Watanabe, Professor, UNAFEI•Criminal Justice System in Japan: Corrections

5)

Ms. Kayo Konagai, Chief of Information and Library Service Division, Professor, UNAFEI•Criminal Justice System in Japan: Rehabilitation in the Community

Special Faculty Lectures
1)

Mr. Ryosuke Kurosawa, Professor, UNAFEI•Challenges and Countermeasures for Effective Institutional Treatment

2)

Mr. Shoji Imafuku, Professor, UNAFEI•New Paradigm: Restorative Justice and Its Practical Application

Visiting Experts' Lectures
1)

Dr. Don A. Andrews (Canada)•An Overview of Treatment Effectiveness: Research and Clinical Principles•The Importance of the Appropriate Management of Risk and Reintegration Potential•Assessing Program Elements for Risk Reduction: The Correctional Program
Assessment Inventory (CPAI)

-92)

Mr. Matti Laine (Finland)•Background of Corrections in Finland: Crime and Criminal Justice in Finnish Society•Old and New Experiences: Corrections in Finland•Modern Way of Thinking about the Rehabilitation of Offenders and Inmates: Some
Finnish Experiences3)

Ms. Celia Capadocia Yangco (Philippines)•Community-Based Treatment for Offenders in the Philippines: Old Concepts, New
Approaches, Best Practices

4)

Mr. Lohman Yew (Singapore)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners and Drug Addicts to Facilitate Their
Reintegration into Society

5)

Dr. Kenneth G. Adams (United States)•Current Trends in Correctional Programming in the U.S.A.
•The Get Tough on Crime Movement Meets the Community•Reintegrating Mentally Ill Offenders

Course Counsellor
Mr. Alfredo C. Benitez (Philippines)•The Philippines-Nagoya Japan Halfway House: The Muntinlupa Project
Ad Hoc Lectures
1)

Mr. Takeyoshi Hongoh, Director General, Rehabilitation Bureau, Ministry of Justice,Japan•Current Issues and Tasks of Rehabilitation Administration

2)

Mr. Masaharu Yanagimoto, Professor of Law, Asia University, Tokyo, Japan•Institutional Treatment in Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom from theRehabilitation Model Perspective

3)

Mr. Ichiro Sakai, Director General, Correction Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Japan•The Current Situation of Correction Administration and the Treatment of Prisoners in
Japan

4)

Dr. Ohashi Hideo, Director, Medical Care and Classification Division, Correction
Bureau, Ministry of Justice Japan•Correctional Treatment of Mentally Disordered Offenders

5)

Mr. Akio Harada, Director General, Criminal Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Japan•Current Issues in the Criminal Justice System

6)

Dr. Ezzat A. Fattah, Professor Emeritus, School of Criminology, Simon Fraser
University, Vancouver, Canada•The Vital Role of Victimology in the Rehabilitation of Offenders and Their
Reintegration into Society

7)

Ms. Kei Maeda, Professor, Japan Lutheran College, Tokyo, Japan•Social Skills Training: Basic Training Model

8)

Mr. Hidemichi Morosawa, President, Tokiwa University, Ibaraki, Japan- 10 •Viewpoints on Victimology in the Criminal Justice System

- 11 -

Individual Presentation Topics

Overseas Participants
1)
Mr. Md. Hemayet Uddin (Bangladesh)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society
2)

Ms. Elizabeth Malebogo Masire (Botswana)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

3)

Mr. Sairusi Gauna Tuisalia (Fiji)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

4)

Mr. Asiedu William Kwadwo (Ghana)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society:
The Ghanaian Experience5)

Mr. Chung, Wai Man (Hong Kong)•A Paper on the Treatment Programmes for Offenders Run by the Hong Kong Correctional
Services

6)

Mr. Mokhammad Frandono (Indonesia)•The Correctional System in Indonesia

7)

Ms. Josephine Muthoni Murege (Kenya)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

8)

Mr. Titera Tewaniti (Kiribati)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

9)

Mr. Osman bin Ahmad (Malaysia)•Current Situation in Institutional Treatment of Offenders in Malaysia

10)

Mr. Gyan Darshan Udas (Nepal)•Prison Administration in Nepal

11)

Mr. Mohammad Yamin Khan (Pakistan)•Country Report on Treatment of Offenders of Pakistan

12)

Mr. Michael Naplau Waipo (Papua New Guinea)• Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

13)

Ms. Emilie Pantoja Aranas (Philippines)•The Philippine Correctional System

14)

Mr. Yoon, Bo-Sik (Republic of Korea)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

15)

Mr. Joseph Elvy Szetu (Solomon Islands)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

16)

Ms. Yossawan Boriboonthana (Thailand)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society- 12 Japanese Participants17) Ms. Junko Fujioka (Japan)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society:
Correctional Treatment in Japanese Prisons
18)

Mr. Tetsuya Kagawa (Japan)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

19)

Mr. Kenichi Kiyono (Japan)•The Effective Treatment to Promote the Resocialization of Prisoners

20)

Mr. Hideharu Maeki (Japan)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

21)

Ms. Fumi Murakami (Japan)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

22)

Mr. Takao Nakamura (Japan)•Effective Treatment Measures for Prisoners to Facilitate Their Re-integration into Society

23)

Mr. Satoshi Nakazawa (Japan)•Three Problems in Juvenile Treatment

24)

Mr. Yoshio Shibata (Japan)•Deportation Procedure of Japan and Parole of Foreign Nationals

25)

Mr. Akihito Suzuki (Japan)•Early Release System of Prisoners in Japan26)

Mr. Mamoru Suzuki (Japan)•Re-integration of Boryokudan Seceders into the Community: Activities of the Police andOther Police-Related Organizations

27)

Mr. Mamoru Takatsu (Japan)•Linking Public Prosecutors’ Duties to the Treatment of Criminals in Japan28)

Mr. Nobuyuki Yamada (Japan)•Some Features of Correctional Treatment in Japanese PrisonsObserver29) Mr. Hisashi Ishizuna (Japan)•Current Japanese Correctional Institutions from the Architectural Viewpoint- 13 -

Group Workshop Sessions

The following section summarizes the Group Workshop reports. The full text of the reports
will be included in UNAFEI Resource Material Series No. 55.
Group 1REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES IN THE PRISON TO PREVENTPRISONERS’ RECIDIVISM: THE ACTUAL SITUATION,
PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

Advisers

Mr. Chung, Wai Man
Mr. Osman bin Ahmad
Ms. Yossawan Boriboonthana
Mr. Michael Naplau Waipo
Mr. Mokhammad Frandono
Ms. Junko Fujioka
Mr. Hisashi Ishizuna
Mr. Kenichi Kiyono
Mr. Yoshio Shibata
Mr. Nobuyuki Yamada
Mr. Titera Tewaniti
Mr. Joseph Elvy Szetu
Professor Chikara Satoh
Professor Ryosuke Kurosawa
Professor Shinya Watanabe(Hong Kong)(Malaysia)(Thailand)(Papua New Guinea)(Indonesia)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Kiribati)(Solomon Islands)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report Summary
I. INTRODUCTION
To address the distinctive needs of individuals, appropriate treatment programmes should
be applied to specific types of offenders. Normally, the treatment programmes being implemented
by some countries aim to promote the socio-economic ability of offenders, such as prison work,
vocational training and education. These types of treatment programmes are provided to almost all
offenders in some countries. However, there are some specific types of offenders who need special
treatment due to the complexity of their problems, for example, drug-addicted offenders, sex
offenders, violent offenders and organized crime offenders. To rehabilitate these types of offenders
in prison, the application of specially designed treatment programmes is indispensable.
We believe that if offenders are treated with proper treatment programmes in prison, there
will be a higher chance for reducing their recidivism. However, the implementation of this idea
cannot be made possible in some countries due to such reasons as the lack of resources. Thus, ourgroup tried to study the actual situation of the rehabilitation of prisoners in 17 participating
countries, as well as the problems that impede a successful rehabilitation, and we attempted todetermine the countermeasures to be taken. Moreover, realizing that treatment programmes cannot
be effective without the participation of a competent prison staff, we, therefore, explored ways to- 14 secure the treatment ability of prison staff.
II. TREATMENT PROGRAMMES TO ENHANCETHE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ABILITY OF PRISONERSA.

Prison Work and Vocational Training
Among the 17 participating countries, 14 participating countries had obligatory prison work,
while the remaining three had voluntary prison work. Prison work was organized so as to serve a
constructive purpose in the treatment of prisoners. Its objective was not only to provide inmateswith vocational knowledge and skills, but also to strengthen their will-to-work, sense of self-help
and spirit of cooperation by working together in a well-regulated environment. Vocational training
in prison can be regarded as part of prison work. However, it should be more skills-oriented, in thesense that the training so provided can enhance the competitive ability of prisoners to find a job
after release.
The overall assessment of the actual situations in the 17 participating countries enabled ourgroup to identify as problems insufficiencies in quality and quantity and inadequate follow-up andevaluation. After assessing such problems, it was necessary to offer practical solutions, which
include, inter alia, cooperation with other public organizations, implementation of joint venture
projects in prison, and programme evaluations.

B. Education
Out of the 17 countries, 14 have introduced government-funded basic education (literacy
and mathematics) in view of global trends. As for higher education, such as high school, secondary
school and undergraduate studies, 11 out of the 17 countries facilitate correspondence courses fortheir prisoners. In most cases, the government meets the cost of these types of programmes as longas the prisoners are still serving their sentences of imprisonment. Additionally, in some cases,
assistance is provided by non-governmental organizations and church groups.
Our observations identified various common problems among the participating countries.
These included difficulty in grouping prisoners to attend the classes; lack of qualified teachers tocarry out academic programmes in prisons; and a poor learning environment. To solve these
problems, the following countermeasures were suggested: development of school calendar courses;
utilization of serving staff; increased cooperation with other public organizations; development
and/or improvement of educational materials and facilities; and regular programme evaluations.

III. SPECIAL TREATMENT PROGRAMMES FOR
SPECIFIC TYPES OF PRISONERSIn addition to treatment programmes enhancing the socio-economic ability of prisoner,
other special treatment programmes aim to rehabilitate specific types of prisoners. This section will
provide examples of such programmes as well as identify problem areas. Where applicable,countermeasures will be offered, aside from those that correlate directly with the problems.

A. Treatment Programmes for Prisoners with Psychological Problems
Bearing in mind the theme tasked to the group, focus was placed upon the programmes that
aim at changing behavior and decreasing the psychological tendency to commit crime. In thismeaning, only Hong Kong and Japan had such programmes. Problems observed included the lackof full understanding of crime causes and/or characteristics of criminals; the lack of effective

- 15 methods to change behavior; and the lack of reliable statistical methods to evaluate theeffectiveness of programmes.

B. Treatment Programmes for Drug-Addicted Prisoners
We observed that among the 17 participating countries, only four offer special treatment
programmes for drug-addicted offenders in prisons. Thus, the lack of treatment programmes orother related resources was identified as one obvious problem. Besides, we observed otherdifficulties encountered in implementing such special treatment, including drug-addicted prisoners’
lack of motivation and the lack of specialists to implement such programmes. Suggested
countermeasures included cooperation with agencies outside the prison and the training of more
selected staff for the proper implementation of such treatment programmes.
C. Treatment Programmes for Sex Offenders in Prisons
Only four out of the 17 countries offer special treatment to sex offenders; namely,
Botswana, Hong Kong, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Among these countries, encounteredproblems included the prisoners’ unwillingness to participate in specific treatment for sex
offenders; diverse types of sex offenders; deep-rooted causes for such offending; and frequentchanges in counselors or trainers. Suggested countermeasures focused on preserving theoffenders’ privacy interests as well as introducing a Relapse Prevention Programme.
D. Treatment Programmes for Violent Offenders in PrisonsSome participating countries provide individualized psychological treatment programmesfor violent offenders, but not specially designed treatment programmes as is the case with othertypes of prisoners. Moreover, other countries have no special treatment programmes and treat
violent offenders like other ordinary prisoners. In consideration of the above, we suggested theimplementation of a packaged programme for violent offenders such as that initiated by the
Canadian Services for Correction (CSC).
E. Treatment Programmes for Organized Crime Offenders in Prisons
No participating country other than Japan has a special treatment programme for organizedcrime offenders. In light of the increasing trend in organized crime in some countries, we agreed
that efforts should be made to help these types of offenders re-integrate into the society. Examples
of some difficulties encountered in implementing such a special programme are the lack ofpersonnel or other resources; the lack of the cooperation among related divisions; and the lack ofcare and supervision after release. The recommended countermeasures included the introduction(or, where applicable, the further development) of specific treatment programmes for organizedcrime offenders, complemented by effective care and supervision after release.

IV. WAYS TO SECURE THE TREATMENT ABILITY OF PRISON STAFF
A. Recruiting Capable Staff
The group found that most of the 17 participating countries recruited prison staff and somekinds of specialists to conduct their rehabilitation programmes. In regards to the hiring ofspecialists, recruitment in some countries was based on specific relevant qualifications, while inother countries general reference was made to basic education such as a diploma or degree in social
science or education, which included various majors. Aside from the general difficulties inrecruiting capable rehabilitation staff, the group considered the inadequate educational backgroundof recruits a major problem. Thus, we recommended the enrichment of the recruitment process and- 16 the implementation of an intensive and extensive training programme for newly recruited prison
staff.

B. Training of Prison Staff to Enhance Their Treatment Ability
Most participating countries have established training institutes for prison staff. In general,
there are two major levels of training provided by such institutes: basic recruit training andrefresher and developmental training. Identified problem areas are the lack of systematic training
programmes and the lack of proper guidance for prison staff to perform their jobs. On-the-job
training was suggested as one means to counter this problem.

V. CONCLUSION
After studying the actual situations concerning the implementation of treatment
programmes in the participating 17 countries, we found that most countries sustain prison work andvocational training to rehabilitate prisoners. Only a few countries provide special rehabilitation
treatment programmes for specific types of prisoners such as drug addicts, violent offenders andsex offenders. Moreover, in many countries, such specific types of prisoners were not separated
from the general population.
The lack of special treatment programmes results in part from the lack of capable
specialists to devise and implement such programmes. Improving the rehabilitation ability ofprison staff was suggested as a means to counter this problem. Thus, prison staff would not only
play the role of security guards but also that of correctional staff who can perform rehabilitation
roles like counselors, social workers or teachers. To this end, prison staff should be trained andequipped with professional knowledge and skills in order to meet properly the requirements of thetreatment programmes.
To assure the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes, the group felt the following issues
should be given due consideration:(1) Implementation of a classification system for the rehabilitation of prisoners,(2) Combination of various types of treatment programmes for the rehabilitation of prisoners,(3) The relationship between the willingness and motivation of prisoners and their effective
rehabilitation, and(4) The importance of regularly evaluating the effectiveness of existing rehabilitation
programmes.

- 17 Group 2
EARLY RELEASE OF PRISONERS TO FACILITATE THEIR
RE-INTEGRATION INTO SOCIETY: THE ACTUAL SITUATION,
PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

Advisers

Mr. Mohammad Yamin Khan
Mr. Takao Nakamura
Ms. Elizabeth Malebogo Masire
Ms. Emilie Pantoja Aranas
Mr. Md. Hemayet Uddin
Mr. Tetsuya Kagawa
Mr. Akihito Suzuki
Mr. Gyan Darshan Udas
Professor Hiroshi Iitsuka
Professor Kayo Konagai(Pakistan)(Japan)(Botswana)(Philippines)(Bangladesh)(Japan)(Japan)(Nepal)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report Summary
I. INTRODUCTION
Group Two was assigned to study and present a detailed report on the above subject,keeping in view the following points:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Selection of early release candidates in balance with the risk of recidivism,
Time of early release to facilitate the re-integration of prisoners into society in balance withthe execution of sentence as a punishment,
Adjustment and/or improvement of the living environment to which prisoners will return
after their release from prison, andComposition of the decision-making body for prisoners’ early release.

II. ACTUAL SITUATIONIn an effort to facilitate the prisoners’ smooth re-integration into the mainstream of thesociety upon their release, many countries have adopted early release measures, such as remission,parole, pardon, amnesty, and extra mural employment/labour.

A.

Remission
Remission is practiced in all the participating countries except in Japan and the Philippines.
The period remitted also varies from one country to another: ranging from one-fourth as in the caseof Bangladesh; to one-third as in Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Kiribati, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea,
Pakistan and the Republic of Korea; and 50 percent of the sentence as in Nepal. In all of thesecountries, it is awarded as an incentive for good conduct and behavior.
In some countries, remission is used to solve the problem of overcrowding. However, insuch situation, the factors regarding the re-integration and rehabilitation of prisoner and public
safety are ignored. There is no supervision when a prisoner is released under remission.

- 18 B.

ParoleParole is highly structured in countries such as Botswana, Fiji, Hong Kong, Indonesia,
Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea,
Solomon Islands and Thailand. In the case of Hong Kong, the terminology used for parole is“Release Under Supervision”, and in Fiji it is known as “Compulsory Supervision Order”.
There are bodies responsible for deciding the release or revocation of parole licenses, aswell as for supervising parolees. A number of factors are taken into consideration before granting
release on parole; for example, a candidate’s conduct and achievement in prison; the victim’s
feelings; whether the prisoner will have accommodations and a support system after release; andmost importantly, the risk of re-offending and the safety and security of the community.
However, in most of the participating countries, parole is not being properly used becauseof the process involved before deciding release. Most countries cannot afford a parole systembecause it involves a lot of investigations, as well as needs more manpower both inside the prison
and in the community.

III. PROBLEMS IN EARLY RELEASE SYSTEMS
Early release measures are confronted with many problems in the participating countries
such as,
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Improper selection of early release candidates in balance with the risk of recidivism,
No adjustment or improvement of the living environment to which a prisoner will
return after his release,
Inappropriate composition of the decision-making body,
Lengthy procedure,
Inadequately trained staff to supervise the releasees, andNegative public perception.

It has been recognized through research studies that prolonged imprisonment does not toreform prisoners. Rather, it has been observed that the early release of prisoners increases the
chances of reformation and rehabilitation, as well as decreases the risk of recidivism.

IV. COUNTERMEASURES
Based on a thorough examination of the actual situation and problems existing in the early
release systems of the participating countries, the below-mentioned countermeasures are recommended.

A.

Proper Selection of Prisoners for Early Release
In many countries, it has been noted that the criteria for selecting prisoners for early release
under either remission or parole are not appropriate. It is, therefore, suggested that the competentauthorities before granting parole or similar early release measures also consider such factors as a
prisoner’s criminal record, the type and gravity of his offence, his achievements in prison, the safety ofsociety, family support, job opportunities, environmental adjustment, and the victim’s feeling.
The observance and application of such factors places the decision-making body in a better
position to balance the positive effects of early release (namely, the re-integration and rehabilitation of theprisoners within the society) with the risk of recidivism that may pose a danger to the society.

- 19 B.

Adjustment and Improvement of Living Environment
It has also been observed that in all the participating countries, except Japan, the Philippines andThailand, the responsible authorities do not consider the adjustment or improvement of a prisoner’s living
environment when deciding his early release. In fact, the living environment plays a vital role in the reintegration and rehabilitation of a released prisoner. Living environment does not only comprise a place
to live, but also other factors such as the releasee’s family, friends, associates and financial situation.
Therefore, it is very necessary that before releasing a prisoner, the adjustment and/or improvement of theliving environment be taken into consideration.
C.

Composition of Decision-Making Body
The decision-making body for granting early release should comprise of professionals fromappropriate fields capable of accessing both the positive and negative effects of awarding early release toa prisoner. However, in many countries, professional competency is lacking. Therefore, it isrecommended that careful reconsideration be given to the composition of such decision-making bodies.
D.

Reviewing Lengthy Procedure
To counter undue delays, it is suggested that the laws or rules governing early release bereviewed and evaluated with the intention of taking advantage of said privilege. Moreover, there
must be a specific timetable by which to complete the procedure, complemented by a speedy
review of cases.
E.

Introduction/Improvement of Supervision and Aftercare Services
In many participating countries, supervision and aftercare services are not available or are
not functioning properly. Thus, since an early release system with supervision is necessary toensure the rehabilitation of released prisoners,
(1)
(2)
(3)

Supervision and aftercare services should be introduced in those countries wheresuch systems are not available.
The professional skills of the probation and parole staff engaged in supervision
activities should be improved.
Volunteer probation schemes should be taken into consideration by those countries
lacking such schemes.

F.

Improving Public Perception
There is a need to create greater public awareness about the advantages of early releasesystems for the purpose of the rehabilitation and re-integration of prisoners in the society. There isa need to emphasize this important aspect so as to facilitate providing different treatment to thedifferent types of offenders. The public should understand that its interest will be protected andthat non-custodial measures will only be considered for low-risk offenders and not those prisoners
who are dangerous and pose a threat to the society.
V. CONCLUSION
The prison systems in most of the participating countries are confronted with the risk ofrecidivism. The conclusion, therefore, drawn on the basis of the above discussions is the importance ofproperly selecting early release candidates. To this end, it is emphasized that when exercising the optionof early release, the responsible authorities must differentiate amongst the various types of offenders, thegravity of their offences, their rehabilitation prospects, and the risk of recidivism—keeping in viewalways the safety of the society.

- 20 Group 3
REHABILITATION AND CORRECTIONAL PROGRAMMES IN THE
COMMUNITY TO PREVENT RECIDIVISM BY DISCHARGED PRISONERS:
THE ACTUAL SITUATION, PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteurs
Members

Advisers

Ms. Josephine Muthoni Murege
Ms. Fumi Murakami
Mr. William Kwadwo Asiedu
Mr. Yoon, Bo-Sik
Mr. Mamoru Suzuki
Mr. Sairusi Gauna Tuisalia
Mr. Hideharu Maeki
Mr. Satoshi Nakazawa
Mr. Mamoru Takatsu
Professor Tomoko Akane
Professor Shoji Imafuku(Kenya)(Japan)(Ghana)(Republic of Korea)(Japan)(Fiji)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report Summary
I. INTRODUCTION
The search for effective measures for the rehabilitation of offenders has led the criminal justicesystem to look beyond the walls of the prisons for programmes in the community that effectively
complement the rehabilitative efforts of penal institutions.
Group Three comparatively studied various types of programmes in actual use for preventing
discharged prisoners from re-offending and promoting their re-integration into society; thecategories of discharged prisoners who benefit from specific programmes; and the roles played byformal and informal organizations. An in-depth study on the problems of implementation followed.
The group then attempted to propose pragmatic countermeasures that take into consideration thesocio-political and economic situations of the various countries.

II. PROGRAMMES IN ACTION
A. Operation of Various Programmes for Different Categories of Discharged Prisoners
The scope of the discussion was early and full-time release of prisoners as far as it relates totheir supervision, aftercare and guidance. Whenever practicable, young offenders serving prison
terms were discussed in the course of the study.
The discussion was based not only on the practices of the group member countries as listed
above, but also four other countries represented in this Course for which detailed information wasavailable, specifically, Hong Kong, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Thailand. These
practices were discussed for the identification of shortcomings and countermeasures. Focus wasplaced upon the following systems:•Parole in Japan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, the Republic of Korea, and Thailand,•Remission in Ghana (with license), Kenya (for long-term prisoners) and Thailand,•Release Under Supervision in Hong Kong,•Extra Mural Punishment (EMP) and Compulsory Supervision Order (CSO) in Fiji, and•Release on License in Kenya (for young offenders).

- 21 Additionally due consideration was given to specialized programmes for solving the specificrehabilitative needs of certain releasees, such as those offenders with drug or substance abuseproblems. Strong examples of such programmes exist in Hong Kong, Japan and Thailand. We
also examined the role of halfway houses as community-based centers where offenders (i.e.,
probationers, parolees and discharged prisoners) can obtain basic necessities like food, clothing andshelter in several countries, specifically, Japan, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea and Thailand.

B. The Role of Formal and Informal Organizations
While public institutions play a major role in community-based supervision and aftercare fordischarged prisoners, various other formal and informal organizations offer strong contributions inthis regard. Thus particular attention was given to the role of private institutions in the participating
countries. Noteworthy examples include the Cooperative Employers of Japan and the active
participation of church organizations in Papua New Guinea.
Additionally the role of the community and of the families of victims and discharged prisoners
was discussed. In Kenya and Ghana, for example, the family of the offender normally welcomes
the offender back, offers him his old accommodations in the family house or helps him to build a
new one. Moreover, the chiefs and elders offer him guidance and counseling together with thehead teacher, the post-master and the local priest. Another excellent example of community
involvement is the Volunteer Probation Officer system existing in Japan, Papua New Guinea andThailand.
III. IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMSIn the implementation of community-based programmes for the treatment of offenders, weconsidered whether such programmes met the needs of the victim and family; of the discharged
persons; and of the community. We further considered if the problems are the result of flaws in thedesign of the programmes or that the programmes are not suitable for the needs they seek toaddress.
As to programme design, the main problems among the participating countries are an
inadequacy of supervision, a lack of aftercare programmes, and a lack of programmes for specificrehabilitative needs. As to programme implementation, major concerns involve the inadequacy of
personnel, and the absence of inter-departmental cooperation and support.
The role of the community was analyzed from two perspectives, namely (1) the expectationsof the community in regards to addressing the interests of victims and the general crime prevention
needs of the society; and (2) the community’s involvement in providing social assistance todischarged prisoners whether through individual volunteerism or private institutions.

VI. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
We realized that most of the countries under review lack well-structured programmes.
Emphasis is mainly placed on the observance of conditions of parole or license, rather than on
specialized treatment for the different categories of releasees.
There is need, therefore, to devise and implement comprehensive plans and strategies on how
to reintegrate releasees through effective and efficient aftercare programmes. To this end,emphasis must be placed on both the roles of existing criminal justice mechanisms and thecommunity.

- 22 -

Observation Visits

Date

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerns

May
7

Nikko Study Tour:
Tochigi Women’s Prison•Ms. Yoko Kihara
WardenMay
13

Ministry of Justice•Mr. Shomei Yokouchi
State Secretary for JusticeMay
13

Tokyo District Public
Prosecutors Office•Mr. Akira Nakata
Deputy Director, General Affairs Department

May
26

Supreme Court•Mr. Shigeharu Negishi
Justice•Judge Osamu Ito
Chief, Second Division, Criminal Affairs Bureau
General Secretariat•Mr. Takashi Chimura
Foreign Liaison Officer, Secretary Division,
General Secretariat

May
28

Fuchu Prison•Mr. Yasutaka Mizusaki
Warden•Mr. Atsushi Kasuga
Assistant Director, General Affairs Division

June
2Tokyo District Court•Mr. Toyozo Ueda
Chief Judge•Mr. Kenjiro Tao
Deputy Chief Judge of Criminal Department•Mr. Kaoru Kanayama
Presiding Judge•Ms. Kiyomi Goto
Liaison Officer, General Affairs Division

June
10

Tokyo Probation Office•Mr. Tetsuo Obata
Director•Mr. Noboru Hashimoto
Chief, First Supervision Division

- 23 Date

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerns

June
10

Kanto Regional Parole Board•Mr. Kazuhisa Suzuki
Chairman•Mr. Kazuya Tanaka
Director, Case Management Division

June
10

Rehabilitation Aid Hostel“Koshin-kai”•Mr. Hisao Kamiya
Chairman, Board of Directors•Mr. Kazuo Takahashi
Managing Director

June
16

Fuchu Police Station•Mr. Yoshimasa Yamaguchi
Chief•Mr. Masao Kikuchi
Deputy Chief

June
24

Hiroshima-Kansai Study Tour:
6th Regional Maritime Safety
Headquarters•Mr. Takashi Suyama
Commander•Mr. Masanori Yoshimoto
Special Assistant to the Chief Guard Division

June
26

Hiroshima-Kansai Study Tour:
Rehabilitation Aid Hostel“Meishin”•Mr. Yoshio Noda
Director, Kyoto Probation Office•Mr. Yoshi Sugimoto
Chief, Parole and Aftercare Section, Kyoto
Probation Office•Mr. Noburo Yamashita
Director, Meishin

June
29

NTT Musashino Research andDevelopment Centre•Dr. Eng. Noriyoshi Yamauchi
Research Group Leader•Mr. Takatoshi Ichikawa
Submanager, R&D Public Relations

June
30

Suntory Musashino Brewery•Dr. Takao Takahashi
Plant Manager

- 24 -

Group Study Tours

Date

Group

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

May
21

Chiba

•Chiba Probation Office•Mr. Takeshi Chijou
Director•Chiba Juvenile Classification Home

•Mr. Yoshiaki Watanabe
Director•Kofu Probation Office•Ms. Kuniko Hosoki
Director•Mr. Tetsuo Nara
Section Chief, Investigationand Liaison Section•Rehabilitation Aid Hostel“Yamanashiitoku-kai”•Mr. Hiroshi Hando
Manager•Yokohama Probation Office•Mr. Hoshino Okada
Director•Yokohama Juvenile Classification
Home•Mr. Tadasune Ohta
Director

May
21

May
21

Kofu

Yokohama

- 25 -

Special Events

April 14

Welcome Party

April 15, 16, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30 and May 1
Japanese Conversation Classes
The overseas participants attended Japanese conversation classes provided by JICA.
They learned practical Japanese expressions. The Sensei (teachers) were Ms. Yumiko
Nakamura, Ms. Yukiko Shiina and Ms. Kazue Suzuki. Iroiro Arigato Gozaimashita.
April 17
Mt. Takao Hike
The participants hiked Mt. Takao with the UNAFEI staff. After enjoying a relaxing
lunch at the summit, they descended the mountain by cable car.
April 28
UNAFEI Olympics
The UNAFEI Olympic Games were held at the Fuchu City Track and Field Stadium.
The participants competed in such events as the Roll-the-Tire race, Musical Chairs andthe True-False quiz. Afterwards, there was a friendship party at UNAFEI.
May 4

Kurayami Matsuri
The participants and UNAFEI staff members joined Fuchu citizens in a local festival
called "Kurayami Matsuri," where they wore "happi" (a traditional festival coat) andparaded with "Mikoshi" (portable shrines) on their shoulders. Fuchu Rotary Club
hosted a friendship party later.

May 6

End of I.P.s
The participants celebrated in Lounge B the completion of their Individual
Presentations.

May 7-8
Nikko Trip
After an official visit to the Tochigi Prison for Women, the participants attended adinner hosted by ACPF Tochigi Branch. The next day, the participants enjoyedsightseeing, including visits to the Senjogahara Plain, Ryuzu Falls and Nikko Toshogu
Shrine.
May 9, 16, 23, and June 20
Japanese Conversation Classes: Follow-up Course
The overseas participants attended follow-up Japanese conversation classes provided
by instructors from the Nihongo Study and Support Volunteers of ACPF Fuchu, headed by
Ms. Kimiko Hiraiwa. Taihen Osewa ni Narimashita.
May 9

Tea Ceremony"Cha-no-yu" or "Sado", a formal Japanese tea ceremony, was demonstrated for theparticipants in UNAFEI Lounge B by Ms. Suiko Kobayashi, an Ura Senke Tea Master, andher apprentices.

- 26 May 11
VPOs' International Training
Ten Volunteer Probation Officers visited UNAFEI for an International Training
Program. It was jointly organized by UNAFEI and the Rehabilitation Bureau of the
Ministry of Justice of Japan. A discussion session and friendship party were arranged
to exchange views between the VPOs and the participants.
May 13Courtesy Visit to State Secretary for JusticeDuring their visit to the Ministry of Justice, the participants were introduced
individually to State Secretary for Justice, Mr. Shomei Yokouchi.
May 13
Reception by Vice-Minister of Justice
After visiting the Ministry of Justice, a reception was held by Vice-Minister of Justice,
Mr. Mamoru Norisada at the Lawyers Club.
May 15
Legal Apprentices’ Visit
UNAFEI welcomed legal apprentices from the Legal Research and Training Instituteof the Supreme Court. They toured the Institute and observed briefly a Group
Workshop session.
May 15
UNAFEI-ACPF International Bowling Tournament
ACPF Fuchu Branch sponsored the Eighth UNAFEI-ACPF International Bowling
Tournament. The participants enjoyed bowling and later socializing with members of
ACPF Fuchu Branch.
May 16
Flower Arrangement
A group of volunteer instructors, led by Ms. Kuniko Mori, explained and demonstrated
to the participants "Ikebana", traditional Japanese flower arrangement. Afterwards,
the participants had the opportunity to arrange flowers themselves
May 26
Courtesy Visit to Supreme Court JusticeDuring their visit to the Supreme Court, the Honorable Justice Shigeharu Negishi
invited the participants to his private chambers.
May 28
ACPF Dinner Party
ACPF Tokyo Minoru-kai Branch hosted a dinner party on the 59th floor of theSunshine 60 Building in Ikebukuro for the participants.
May 30Tokyo Horse Race Course
At the invitation of the Fuchu Rotary Club, the participants observed and bet on horseraces at the Tokyo Horse Race Course. Mr. Akihiko Sato, General Manager of theTokyo Horse Race Course, hosted the event.
June 1

Home Visits
ACPF Fuchu Branch organized dinners for the participants in the homes of members
from the Fuchu International Exchange Salon. The hosts were Ms. Sawako Kanzaki,
Mr. Yoshinobu Kubo, Mr. Shigeo Koshimizu, Ms. Fumiko Mizushima, Mr. Houtoku
Onuki, Ms. Kazuko Seki, Mr. Kazuo Takahashi and Ms. Kazuko Takano.

- 27 June 3

Legal Apprentices Visit
UNAFEI welcomed legal apprentices from the Urawa District Public Prosecutors
Office. They attended a lecture by Visiting Expert, Dr. Kenneth G. Adams.

June 4-5
Visits to ACPF Branches
The overseas participants were invited on local overnight trips by six branchorganizations of ACPF; namely Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Nagoya, Sendai andYamaguchi.
June 6

National Corrections Fair
The participants attended the National Corrections Fair in central Tokyo where they
viewed the various wares produced by the prison industry throughout the country.

June 8

Koto Concert
The Ensemble 21st Century, a group of volunteer musicians, performed traditional
Japanese "Koto" music for the participants at UNAFEI. Mr. Masaki Watanabe played
the Japanese traditional flute "Shakuhachi," and Mr. Yoshinori Shimizu conducted.

June 13
Visit to Kyodo no Mori ParkThe Fuchu Branch of International Soroptimist, headed by Ms. Fusa Ohkubo, kindly
invited the participants to a tea ceremony and luncheon at Kyodo no Mori Park locatedin central Fuchu.
June 15
Discussion with Authorized Prison Visitors
Authorized Prison Visitors from the Kanto area met with the participants to discuss
their role in the community-based treatment of prisoners. The distinguished panel
consisted of the representatives of the two categories of authorized prisoners in Japan,
namely chaplains and volunteer visitors.
June 16
ACPF Friendship Party
ACPF Fuchu Branch hosted a dinner party for the participants in UNAFEI Lounge A.
June 23-26
Hiroshima and Kansai Visit
Hiroshima: On their first day, the participants visited the Peace Memorial Park andMuseum, as well as the Atomic Bomb Dome in Hiroshima. On June 24th, twoMaritime Safety Agency vessels escorted the participants to Miyajima Island, locatedin the Seto Inland Sea near Hiroshima.
Kyoto: On June 25th, the overseas participants went on a guided bus tour to Nijo
Castle, Kinkakuji Temple and the Kyoto Imperial Palace.
June 29
UNAFEI Home Party
The participants hosted a party to express their appreciation to the entire UNAFEI
staff for its efforts throughout the Training Course.
July 2

Farewell Party

- 28 -

Reference Materials Distributed

Statutes of Japan(1)
Criminal Justice Legislation of Japan
Publications about the Japanese Criminal Justice System(2)
The Community-Based Treatment of Offenders System in Japan(3)
Correctional Institutions in Japan 1995
(4)
Criminal Justice in Japan(5)
National Framework for the Throughcare of Offenders in Custody to the Completionof Supervision in the Community(6)
Probation and Parole (5th Edition)(7)
Prison Administration in Japan(8)
Summary of the White Paper on Crime 1997
(9)
Work in Penal Institutions
UNAFEI Publications(10) UNAFEI Resource Material Series Nos. 42 and 51.
United Nations Instruments(11) United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
Others(12) 109th International Training Course lecture and presentation papers(13) Pamphlets, leaflets, etc., from various criminal justice institutions

- 29 -

Visiting Experts

1)

Dr. Don A. Andrews
Professor
Department of Psychology, 5th Floor Loeb Bldg., Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada K1S 5B6
PHONE: (1) 613-520-2662
FAX:(1) 613-520-3667

2)

Mr. Matti Laine
Principal Lecturer
The Prison Personnel Training Centre, Vernissakatu 2, P. O. Box 41, FIN-01301, Vantaa,
Finland
PHONE: (358) 9- 58443367
FAX:(358) 9-58443390
E-MAIL: matti.laine@om.vn.fi

3)

Ms. Celia Capadocia Yangco
Assistant Secretary
Department of Social Welfare and Development, Batasan Pambansa Complex,
Constitution Hills, Quezon City, Philippines
PHONE: (63) 2-931-8101--7, Loc.123
FAX:(63) 2-931-6366
E-MAIL: ccy@psdn.org.ph

4)

Mr. Lohman Yew
Deputy Director of PrisonsPrison Headquarters, Prisons Department, Ministry of Home Affairs, 407 Upper Changi
Road North, 20km, Singapore 507658
PHONE: (65) 5469359
FAX:(65) 5420425
E-MAIL: lohman_yew@pris.gov.sg

5)

Dr. Kenneth G. Adams
Associate Professor
School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 801 West Michigan Avenue, Indianapolis, IN
46202, United States
PHONE: (1) 409-294-3916
FAX:(1) 409-294-1653
E-MAIL: keadams@iupui.edu

- 30 -

Course Counsellor

1)

Mr. Alfredo C. Benitez
Halfway House Manager
Bureau of Corrections, Department of Justice, Muntinlupa City 1776, Philippines
PHONE: (63) 2-842-3208, Loc. 157
FAX:(63) 2-842-2365

Participants

Overseas Participants
1)
Mr. Md. Hemayet Uddin
Assistant Inspector General of PrisonsPrisons Directorate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
PHONE: (880) 2-243490
FAX:(880) 2-896037
2)

Ms. Elizabeth Malebogo Masire
Social Welfare Coordinator
Department of Prisons and Rehabilitation, Private Bag XO2, Gaborone, Botswana
PHONE: (267) 3611700
FAX:(267) 375398

3)

Mr. Sairusi Gauna Tuisalia
Assistant Superintendent of Prisons (Staff Officer Security)
Prison Headquarters, Knolly Plaza, G.P.O. Box 114, Suva, Fiji
PHONE: (679) 303512
FAX:(679) 302523

4)

Mr. William Kwadwo Asiedu
Assistant Director of Prisons
Ghana Prisons Service, P.O. Box 129, Accra, Ghana
PHONE: (233) 21-777965, 777930
FAX:
Not Available

5)

Mr. Chung, Wai Man
Chief Officer (Development Training)
Staff Training Institute, Correctional Services Department, 47 Tung Tau Wan Road,
Stanley, Hong Kong
PHONE: (852) 28991800
FAX:(852) 28130267

- 31 6)

Mr. Mokhammad Frandono
Chief of Batam Prison
Rutan Batam, Rumah Tahanan Negara Batam, Baloi Rutan, Indonesia
PHONE: (62) 778-457734
FAX:
Not Available

7)

Ms. Josephine Muthoni Murege
Senior Probation Officer
District Probation Office Makadara-Nairobi Area, P.O. Box 17325, Nairobi, Kenya
PHONE: (254) 558843
FAX: Not Available

8)

Mr. Titera Tewaniti
Prison Inspector
Kiribati Prison Service, Police and Prisons Headquarters, P.O. Box 497, Tarawa,
Republic of Kiribati
PHONE: (686) 26187
FAX:(686) 26370

9)

Mr. Osman bin Ahmad
Superintendent of Prisons
Malaysian Prisons Department, Simpang Rengam Prison and Rehabilitation Centre,
86200 Simpang Rengam, Johor, Malaysia
PHONE: (60) 7-7550990
FAX:(60) 7-7556050

10)

Mr. Gyan Darshan Udas
Under Secretary
Ministry of Home Affairs, Singh Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal
PHONE: (977) 1-226044
FAX:(977) 1-225286, 225287

11)

Mr. Mohammad Yamin Khan
Deputy Inspector General of Police
Office of the Inspector General of Police, Police Head Office, 1. 1. Chundrigar Road,
Karachi, Pakistan
PHONE: (92) 21-2413388
FAX:(92) 21-2426984

12)

Mr. Michael Naplau Waipo
Deputy Commanding Officer
Bomana Metropolitan Jail, P.O. Box 5161, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea
PHONE: (675) 3281377
FAX:(675) 3281360

- 32 13)

Ms. Emilie Pantoja Aranas
Training Officer
Jail National Training Institute, Camp Bagong Diwa, Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila,
Philippines
PHONE: (63) 837-7902
FAX:(63) 837-7902

14)

Mr. Yoon, Bo-Sik
Correctional Official
Correction Division, Ministry of Justice, Kyung Ki Do, Kwachun Shi, Jungang Dong,
Republic of Korea
PHONE: (82) 2-503-7078
FAX:(82) 2-503-7082, 7083

15)

Mr. Joseph Elvy Szetu
Assistant Controller of Prisons Training
Solomon Islands Prison Service, P.O. Box, G36, Honiara, Solomon Islands
PHONE: (677) 21920
FAX:(677) 20858

16)

Ms. Yossawan BoriboonthanaChief of Correctional Development Unit
Bureau of Penology, Department of Corrections, Nonthaburi 1 Rd., Nonthaburi Province
11000, Thailand
PHONE: (66) 2-967-3380
FAX:(66) 2-967-3378

Japanese Participants
17)
Ms. Junko Fujioka
Principal Psychologist
Fuchu Prison, 4-10, Harumi-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8523, Japan
PHONE: (81) 42-362-3101
FAX:(81) 42-340-7416
18)

Mr. Tetsuya Kagawa
Assistant Judge
Tokyo District Court, 1-1-4, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8920, Japan
PHONE: (81) 3-3581-5411
FAX:(81) 3-3581-5639

19)

Mr. Ken'ichi Kiyono
Public Prosecutor
Nara District Public Prosecutors Office, 1-1, Noborioji-cho, Nara-shi, Nara 630-8312,
Japan
PHONE: (81) 742-27-6821
FAX:(81) 742-20-3086

- 33 20)

Mr. Hideharu Maeki
Narcotics Agent
Kinki Regional Narcotics Control Office, Kobe Branch, 1-1, Hatoba-machi, Chuo-ku,
Kobe-shi, Hyogo 650-0042, Japan
PHONE: (81) 78-391-0487
FAX:(81) 78-325-3769

21)

Ms. Fumi Murakami
Probation Officer
Kanto Regional Parole Board, 1-1-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0013, Japan
PHONE: (81) 3-3597-5788
FAX:(81) 3-5511-7217

22)

Mr. Takao Nakamura
Probation Officer
Chubu Regional Parole Board
4-3-1, San-no-maru, Naka-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
PHONE: (81) 52-951-2944
FAX:(81) 52-968-2709

23)

Mr. Satoshi Nakazawa
Family Court Probation Officer
Aomori Family Court, Hachinohe Branch, 99, Aza-Kubo, Ooaza-Nejou, Hachinohe-shi,
Aomori 039-1166, Japan
PHONE: (81) 178-22-3104
FAX:(81) 178-44-1222

24)

Mr. Yoshio Shibata
Immigration Control Officer
Higashi-Nihon Immigration Centre, 1766, Kuno-cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300-1147,
Japan
PHONE: (81) 298-75-1292
FAX:(81) 298-30-9014

25)

Mr. Akihito Suzuki
Principal Supervisor
Kawagoe Juvenile Prison, 1508, Minami-otsuka, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1162, Japan
PHONE: (81) 492-42-0222
FAX:(81) 492-42-0222

26)

Mr. Mamoru Suzuki
Researcher
Crime Prevention Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, 6, Sanban-cho,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
PHONE: (81) 3-3261-9986, Ext. 425
FAX:(81) 3-3261-9953
E-MAIL: SUZUKIM@NRIPS.GO.JP

- 34 27)

Mr. Mamoru Takatsu
Public Prosecutor
Yokohama District Public Prosecutors Office, Odawara Branch, 1-7-1, Hon-cho,
Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0012, Japan
PHONE: (81) 465-23-0175
FAX:(81) 465-23-1628

28)

Mr. Nobuyuki Yamada
Senior Chief Programme Officer
Osaka Prison, 1-6, Tadei-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka 590-0014, Japan
PHONE: (81) 722-38-9223
FAX:(81) 722-25-5060

ObserverMr. Hisashi Ishizuna
29)
Planner
Facilities Division, Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of Justice, 1-1-1, Kasumigaseki,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8977, Japan
PHONE: (81) 3-3580-4111
FAX:(81) 3-3592-7028
E-MAIL: hi960581@moj.go.jp

- 35 -BANGLADESH-UNAFEI JOINT SEMINAR

From 14 to 18 March 1998, the Bangladesh-UNAFEI Joint Seminar on “Contemporary
Problems in the Criminal Justice System and Administration” was held in the Bangladesh
capital city of Dhaka. The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh through the
Ministry of Home Affairs and UNAFEI organized the Joint Seminar.
The Joint Seminar was attended by high-ranking Bangladesh government officials,
representing the criminal justice system as well as various other ministries including the
Ministry of Home and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as Japanese experts. The
UNAFEI delegation comprised the Director, Deputy Director, four professors and a
representative of the National Police Agency.
The Joint Seminar consisted of the below-mentioned ten sessions over the four-day
period, subdivided into presentations by Bangladesh and UNAFEI representatives and panel
discussions.

SessionOne and Two
Three and Four
Five and Six
Seven and Eight
Nine and Ten
ElevenTopic
Crime Prevention
Effective Investigation and Prosecution
Fair and Speedy Trial
Effective Institutional Treatment of Offendeers
Treatment of Juvenile Offenders
Drug Scenario

Additionally, three group workshop discussed respectively in depth the following issues:(1) Effective Crime Control, (2) Fair and Speedy Trial, and (3) Rehabilitative and Human
Treatment of Offenders.
The Joint Seminar concluded with the adoption of draft recommendations for the
betterment of the Bangladesh criminal justice system and society, as formulated by each of thethree group workshops.

- 36 -INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMES

Training Programmes
1.
The 110th International Training Course:
The 110th International Training Course, "Effective Countermeasures against
Economic Crime and Computer Crime", is scheduled to be held from 31
August to 20 November 1998. Participants are expected to analyze the present
situation of economic crime and computer crime; explore overall strategies bycriminal justice agencies worldwide to the problems by said crimes; and deepen
understanding of the relevant United Nations instruments.
Rationale
In recent years, business activities, such as commercial and financial trading, have
expanded dramatically both domestically and internationally, and new technologies(epitomized in transportation, telecommunications and computer networks) have developedwith equal rapidity. Despite the unquestionable benefits of such advancements, these trends
also have been manipulated for illegal purposes, thereby significantly increasing the scale,transnationalization and sophistication of crime. The interrelated offenses of economic crimeand computer crime are particular forms of great concern in today's society.
The nature and scope of economic crime is incredibly diverse and includes suchmanifestations as:••••large-scale fraud relating to finance, future commodities and realestate transactions,breach of trust committed by executives of enterprises and largescale embezzlement committed by employees,
unjust enrichment through unfair price fixing of commodities, illicit
manipulation of stock price and insider trading, andfraud with securities and counterfeited credit cards.

The detection, investigation and prosecution of economic crimes such as thosementioned above are impaired significantly by various factors including the complexity of thetransactions used to effectuate these offenses and the limited expertise of criminal justiceofficials in these fields. Moreover, the reluctance by the victims to report such crimes for fearof negative business repercussions, such as the loss of consumer confidence, further frustrates
and delays detection.
Computers are widely utilized in the activities of commerce and banking as well as in
the life of ordinary citizens. Regrettably, the advancement of computer technology has
facilitated also various crimes, whether as the instrumentality of crime (e.g., economic crime,
forgery, copyright infringement of intellectual property and pornography) or the target ofcrime (e.g., unauthorized access and damage to or modification of computer data/programs).
Considering the extensive damage that can be caused in an instant worldwide by crime- 37 facilitated by computer technology, a proper and immediate response by criminal justiceagencies to computer crime is indispensable. However, since such crimes are relatively new tomany countries, responsive legal frameworks, including what conduct should be criminalized,
has not been specifically developed to date. Even if such legal framework is effectuated,difficulties will ensue undoubtedly in the investigation and prosecution of these crimes due tothe limited knowledge of criminal justice officials about computer-related crime and thetechnological problems stemming from the vulnerability of computer systems to sabotage,
particularly as to the identification of offenders and the collection of evidence.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Councilof Europe and the United Nations have discussed extensively computer crime, thereby
producing guidelines for policy makers and legislators. Moreover, the "Meeting of Justice andInterior Ministers of The Eight" (known as G8) issued a communiqué delineating principles
and an action plan to combat high-tech crime, such as the enhancement of investigation andprosecution skills, a review of domestic legal systems to ensure the appropriate criminalizationof abuses of computer systems, re-consideration of effective mutual legal assistance in criminal
matters, and the development of new technologies to collect critical evidence.
It is noted that the threat posed by the proliferation of both economic and computer
crimes to the sound development of a nation, as well as the international community has been
severely underestimated. Thus, the appropriate stringent control and prevention measures forthese crimes should be introduced as soon as possible. To this end, it is imperative forcriminal justice agencies to understand thoroughly the current situation of these crimes; toestablish a proper legal framework to address such crimes; to develop more advanced
techniques commensurate with the nature of these crimes; and to enhance international
criminal justice cooperation in this regard.
2.

The 111th International Seminar:
The 111th International Seminar, "The Role of Police, Prosecution and the
Judiciary in the Changing Society", is scheduled to be held from 18 January to
19 February 1999.
Such factors as industrialization, technologicaladvancements and socio-economic change will be explored in terms of theireffect upon crime, the criminal justice system and society as a whole.
Particular attention will be given to the suitability of present-day criminal
justice measures.

Rationale
The phenomenon of crime is intricately related to every element of society: social,economic and cultural. Recent manifestations of social development such as urbanization,industrialization and advancements in science and technology have transformed further thenature of crime. Of course, from country to country, the impact of such factors differs.
Nonetheless, many countries have seen recently an increase in and aggravation of traditionallyrecognized crimes such as economic crimes, drug crimes, firearms-related crimes, corruption
and juvenile delinquency to cite a few. The threat of such crimes has become even greater inlight of the increasing tendency of internationalization and links with organized crime.
Moreover, newly recognized manifestations of crime, such as computer crime and- 38 environmental crime, further complicate the present-day nature of crime.
While crime control is an issue concerning society as a whole, the criminal justice system,
particularly the police, prosecution and the judiciary, is vested with a particular duty in this regard.
In short, the role of the criminal justice system is twofold: control and prevention. As to the former,
it is needless to say that issues of prime importance include more readily identifying the commissionof crimes; clearing cases without fail; conducting prompt and appropriate investigations; collecting
and securing sufficient evidence; ensuring fair and efficient judicial proceedings; and punishing
offenders appropriately.
The criminal justice system in every nation is exerting the utmost effort to counter the
aforementioned crimes. However, many problems still remain. For instance, the very natureof such crimes impairs detection. Moreover, even when identified, many countries experiencea low clearance rate of offenders, particularly as to complex crimes. Additionally, difficulties
in collecting evidence, thereby preventing exhaustive investigations; trial delays; anduncooperative witnesses further frustrate the criminal justice process and contribute to low
conviction rates. Furthermore, regarding international crimes, international cooperation
mechanisms, such as the transfer of offenders and mutual assistance in criminal investigations,
are not always implemented in a timely and reliable manner. As a result of such circumstances,a considerable number of offenders evade justice. One cannot say, therefore, that the criminal
justice system is meeting fully its expected functions.
In addition, newly recognized manifestations of crime pose a serious problem to thecriminal justice system of many countries as proper legislation is not yet in place to tackle suchcrime and investigation methods are insufficient. Thus, these criminal justice systems are notalways able to effectively counter such crime.
Therefore, discussion is necessary for the development of practical and feasible
countermeasures which would enable the realization of the following: enhancing investigative
systems; conducting exhaustive investigations; effective prosecution; more speedy investigations
and trials; appropriate sentencing; cooperation from the citizenry; promoting international
cooperation; promulgating new legislation and/or amending existing laws; and improving suchsanctions as confiscation and divestiture of interests.
The criminal justice system also has a significant responsibility towards the preventionof crime. Thus proactive factors as legislative reform and enhancing public cooperation
schemes should also be given due consideration in this regard. For example, regulation on thepossession of firearms would contribute significantly to curtailing firearms-related crime.
Similarly, police activities rooted in the community which fortify collaboration between
families and schools and provide guidance for juveniles on the streets would assist in tackling
juvenile delinquency before it even begins.
As evidenced above, the changes presented by modern society have transformed
significantly the nature of crime as well as the response required from the criminal justicesystem. It is, thus, imperative for relevant agencies, particularly police, prosecution and the
judiciary, to address these ever changing issues from a reactive, as well as a proactive,
approach.

- 39 -

Other Activities
1.

Experts Meeting on Crimes Related to the Computer Network
From 5 to 9 October 1998 during the 110th International Training Course, the“Experts Meeting on Crimes Related to the Computer Network” will be convened at UNAFEI
in preparation for the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and theTreatment of Offenders. UNAFEI willingly assumed this responsibility to organize and hostthe experts meeting, as well as act as a coordinator for said workshop, in response to a request
made during the Twelfth Co-ordination Meeting of the United Nations Crime Prevention andCriminal Justice Programme Network held in Courmayeur, Italy in 1997.
2.

India-UNAFEI Joint Seminar
In December 1998, the India-UNAFEI Joint Seminar will be held in Delhi under thetentative theme of “Crime Prevention and Control Strategies in the Fight against Organized
Crime”. The Government of the Republic of India through the National Institute of
Criminology and Forensic Science of the Ministry of Home Affairs and UNAFEI will organize
the Joint Seminar.

ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS

Faculty Changes
Mr. Yuzuru Takahashi, formerly Chief of Training Division and Professor of UNAFEI,
was transferred to the 14th Division of the Civil Department of the Tokyo High Court andappointed Judge on 1 April 1998.
Mr. Hiroshi Iitsuka, formerly Appeals Judge of the Tokyo Regional Tax Tribunal, wasappointed Chief of Training Division of UNAFEI on 1 April 1998.
Mr. Hiroyuki Yoshida, formerly Chief of Research and Professor of UNAFEI, wastransferred to the Office of International Affairs of the Ministers’ Secretariat of the Ministry ofJustice and appointed as Assistant Director on 1 April 1998.
Mr. Shinya Watanabe, formerly Professor of the Training Institute for Correctional
Personnel of the Ministry of Justice, joined UNAFEI as a Professor on 1 April 1998.
Mr. Terutoshi Yamashita, formerly Professor of UNAFEI, was transferred to the Trial
Department of the Yokohama District Public Prosecutors Office and appointed as a Public
Prosecutor on 1 April 1998.
Mr. Chikara Satoh, formerly a Public Prosecutor of the Investigations Department of
the Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office, joined UNAFEI as a Professor on 1 April 1998.

- 40 -

Overseas Trips by Staff
Mr. Toichi Fujiwara (Director), Mr. Masahiro Tauchi (Deputy Director), Mr. Yuzuru
Takahashi (Chief of Training), Mr. Terutoshi Yamashita (Professor), Mr. Ryosuke Kurosawa(Professor), Mr. Shoji Imafuku, Ms. Makiko Miyamoto (Administrative Staff) and Mr. Shunichi
Komatsu (Administrative Staff) represented the Institute at the Bangladesh-UNAFEI Joint Seminarin Dhaka, Bangladesh from 14 to 18 March 1998.
Ms. Tomoko Akane (Professor) served as a visiting expert for the Sixth Regional
Training Course on Effective Countermeasures against Drug Offenses and Advancement of
Criminal Justice Administration in Bangkok, Thailand from 2 to 13 March 1998. She delivered alecture entitled “Effective Countermeasures against Drug-Related Crime in Japan.” Additionally,
Ms. Akane visited various Thai criminal justice agencies during her stay.
Mr. Terutoshi Yamashita (Professor) represented UNAFEI as an observer at the Asia
Regional Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime held in Makati City, Manila, Philippines from22 to 25 March 1998. The Meeting was organized by the United Nations Office at Vienna andhosted by the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.
Mr. Toichi Fujiwara (Director) and Ms. Tomoko Akane (Professor) attended theSeventh Session of the United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justiceheld in Vienna, Austria from 21 to 30 April 1998. During the plenary meeting, the Director
delivered a statement regarding the recent activities of UNAFEI.

UNAFEI Home Page
Towards the goal of widening the scope of its target audience and disseminating
quickly contemporary criminal justice information, UNAFEI is pleased to announce theopening of the UNAFEI Home Page on 1 July 1998. This site carries such information as
training programme results and alumni listings. Additionally, the full texts of UNAFEI
publications will be printed, including the Resource Material Series and the UNAFEI
Newsletter. You are cordially invited to visit our home page at the following address:
http://www.unafei.or.jp/

UNAFEI E-mail Address
Please note that UNAFEI’s e-mail address has changed to the following:
LDJ00272@nifty.ne.jp

- 41 -

MAIN STAFF OF UNAFEI

Faculty:
Director

Mr. Toichi Fujiwara

Deputy Director

Mr. Masahiro Tauchi

Chief of Training Division
and Professor

Mr. Hiroshi Iitsuka

Chief of Information andLibrary Service Division, Professor and109th Course Programming Officer

Ms. Kayo Konagai

Chief of Research Division
and Professor

Mr. Ryosuke Kurosawa

Professor and109th Assistant Course Programming Officer

Mr. Shoji Imafuku

Professor

Ms. Tomoko Akane

Professor

Mr. Chikara Satoh

Professor

Mr. Shinya Watanabe

Linguistic Adviser

Ms. Ana M. Vander Woude

Secretariat:
Chief of Secretariat

Mr. Tadashi Ito

109th Course Assistant Programming Officer

Ms. Makiko Miyamoto

Kitchen:Chef

Mr. Tomohiko Takagi

Coordinator:
JICA Coordinator

Ms. Yasuko Ono«AS OF 4 JULY 1998»