Collection of summaries of WAVE studies and research（Fiscal 1999）

November 2000

Waterfront Vitalization and Environment Research CenterStudies and Research Department
Basic policy studies
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

on

cargo

volumeon

The origin and destination ports of each vessel

Kanmon Passage

that passes Kanmon Passage and the monthly cargo(Kanmon Passage Construction

volume in the passage were investigated. It was

Office of Fourth District Port

found that the numbers of ocean-going vessels are
1998〜

Construction Bureau)

about the same as the number of domestic vessels
and that the former vessels connect Japanese ports

1999

with more than 100 overseas ports. These data wereused as a basis for calculating investment effects.
The user demands regarding the improvement of
Kanmon Passage (such as extension to 13 or 14 m
in depth) were also surveyed.

Basic study on the effect of the

Marine traffic simulation was conducted toKanmon Passage improvement

investigate how marine accidents can be reduced byproject

making improvements to Kanmon Passage. The(Kanmon Passage Construction
Office of Fourth District Port

simulation results were used to calculate the effect1999

of investment on passage improvement.

Construction Bureau)

Study on the effect of the Kanmon

Future improvement of Kanmon Passage was

Passage improvement project

discussed in the study. The objective of the(Kanmon Passage Construction

improvement and the socioeconomic effect of the

Office of Fourth District Port
Construction Bureau)

1999

project were discussed quantitatively, and themeasures to assure accountability in conducting the
project were summarized.

1

Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the plan of introducing

Applications of wind power generation are scarce

new energy sources into port andin the port and coastal areas in Japan. Institutional,

coastal areas

technical, and other challenges that should be(Ministry of Transport)addressed for introducing wind power facilities
were summarized, and the corresponding measuresand approaches were presented.
The port and coastal areas are more advantageous
in wind characteristics than the inland areas. In theformer areas, however, precise data are insufficient
and
1999

constructing

independent

structural

foundations on the seabed entails a higher cost.
These problems should be addressed and politic
supportshould

be

given

to

promotetheintroduction of wind power in the future.
Constructing a wind power station together witha breakwater is a way to reduce construction cost.
Three requirements in pursuing this approach were
presented: (1) the functionality of the breakwater
should be maintained, (2) any party should have afair opportunity to participate in the project, aswith the PFI projects, and (3) recovery fromdisaster should be ensured.

2

Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the advanced evaluation

To improve the port facility projects of theof private-sector projects

private(Ministry of Transport)

multilaterally.

sector,demandThroughwas

predicted

questionnaires

andhearings from project operators, any difference
between the initial plan and the present status,
1999

managemental innovations, challenges arisingfrom project structure, and challenges associatedwith project prediction were clarified. The criteriaof analytical evaluation applicable to proposed
projects were determined, and the approach of
demand-following investment was proposed.

Study

on

the

Based on the 1999 Guideline for Evaluating Port

socioeconomic

effect of port investment

Investment issued by the Ministry of Transport in(Third District Port Construction

fiscal 1998, cost-benefit analyses were conducted

Bureau, etc)

and the possibility of commercialization was
confirmed for the port facilities to be developed.
Specifically, cost-benefit analyses were conducted
1999

for the extension of the Port Liner line associatedwith the construction of Port Island Phase II andKobe Airport as well as for the development offacilities including a 10-m-deep quaywall at
Amagasaki-Nishinomiya-Ashiya

Port.

The

obtained cost benefit ratios (CBR) of 1.5 or moreindicate that the evaluated projects are sociallypromising.

3

Basic study on creating integrative areas
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on measures to develop

The concept of Public Core, which promotes the

Public Core as center of marine

attractiveness of a port as a marine resort center, isresort network

being proposed. The significance and functions of(Okinawa General Bureau)

the concept were clarified and its possibility in amarine resort of Okinawa was verified.
A case study was conducted on Ginowan Marina.

1999

The use of the convention-hosting capability of theexisting Ginowan Port facilities and integrated
development involving downtown Ginowan were
proposed. Also, a tourist questionnaire survey was
conducted as a market research.

Basic study on physical distribution
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

on

the

competitiveThis

environmentofinternational

distribution of international containers in thecontainer ports in the Pan-Yellow

Pan-Yellow Sea Zone, predicted the amount of

Sea Zone

container cargo for each import and export item

(Fourth District Port Construction
Bureau)

1999

study

investigated

the

trend

of

the

between China and the Kyushu-Yamaguchi area,
and analyzed the feasibility of establishing new
sea-trade routes to China. It was found feasible toestablish new routes to Shanghai and Tianjin Ports.

4Basic study on regional development
Fiscal year
when theStudy

Study outline

study wasconducted

Study on regional measures to

In the fiscal 1998 study, challenges and problems

developrelated to international hub ports and the arterial

extended

physical

distribution zones

high-standard highway network were summarized(Ministry of Transport)

in view of allowing local regions to perform

〜

1998

international

activities

independentfrom

metropolitan areas. In fiscal 1999, two case study
1999

areas around Hiroshima and Shiogama Ports werediscussed in detail, and coordinated measures todevelop distribution infrastructures (such as thearterial high-standard highway network and inland
depots) required for forming extended physicaldistribution zones were proposed.

Study

on

coordinatedtheprojectofFollowing the development of the basic approachdevelopmentofinfiscal1998,

aregionally-coordinatedPacific coast areas in the easterndevelopment plan was prepared and the issues to be

Kanto region

addressed for realizing the plan were discussed inDistrict

Port

1998

〜

(Secondfiscal 1999. A total of 37 regionally-coordinateddevelopment plans, which can be divided into theConstruction Bureau)
1999

following four areas, were proposed: (1) plans forforminga

network

of

ports

and

physical

distribution, (2) plans for forming a network ofrecreation areas, (3) plans for forming a network ofhuman exchange, and (4) plans for promoting
environmental preservation.

5

Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Tudy on the promotion of public

The fiscal 1998 study summarized the present

access in the Osaka Bay coastal

status of and development challenges in the coastal

areas

areas and discussed basic policies on regional(Third District Port Construction

development in view of improving public access.

Bureau)In the fiscal 1999 study, the Osaka Bay coastal
areas were divided into eight zones: (1) head of thebay, (2) Himeji and Higashi-harima, (3) Rinku, (4)Wakayama-Shimotsu, (5) Akashi, (6) Awaji, (7)

〜

1998

Sennan, and (8) Hidaka. A basic development plan,
including the improvement of traffic access to1999

seafront bases and vitalization of seashore by using
unused or poorly-used land, was prepared for eachzone.
Based on the above plan, each case study focusedon specific issues, such as circulatory public accessusing canals and public access using land areas
assigned for the project.
Institutional and managemental issues relevant toensuring the public access were discussed, anddevelopment plans were prepared.

Study on the present status and

The present status of 37 ports on remote islands infuture policies on the ports of

Okinawa was investigated and the ports wereremote islands in Okinawaclassified into four types: (1) regional hub ports, (2)local hub ports, (3) community ports, and (4) ports
forrecreation

andtourism.

Questionnaires

recovered from people concerned with Hirara Port
1999

(regional hub port), Nakada Port (local hub port),
Uchihana Port (community port), and Zamami Port
(port for recreation and tourism) revealed someproblems such as frequent cancellation of voyage.
Development of a recreational base at Zamami Portand a supply base at Nakada Port was discussed incase studies.

6Basic study on the use and management of ports
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Development of port EDI system

The port EDI system started to operate tentatively(SecondDistrict

Port

in October 1999. System designing and connection

Construction

Bureauthetesting were conducted before the start of theofoperation, and then operational management, user

Ministry of Transport, etc.)

management, and notification were carried out. In
fiscal 1997, the Ports and Harbors Bureau of the
Ministry of Transport and the Japan Coast Guard
prepared the Basic Policies on the introduction of
the EDI system into the administrative procedures
1996〜

associated with the arrival and departure of ships.
Based on the Basic Policies, the WAVE conductedsystem development in fiscal 1998.
Tentative operation of the system started in fiscal
1999, and the use of the port EDI system for
arrival/departure notification as well as theapplication for permit of mooring facility use
started in October 1999. Because it is essential thatthe developed system comply with international
standards,

UN/EDIFACT

messagescoordinated and information was gathered.

7

were

Other basic researches and studies
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study to support new types ofIn the fiscal 1998 Study on the Possibility of a

resources-recycling

Seafront Recycling Complex, recycling of bark and(First District Port Construction

chips generated from the lumber industry in

Bureau; Noshiro City)

Noshiro Port and surrounding areas was proposed.
The basic unit of bark generation and the amountof bark generation in Noshiro were investigated,
and the potential of recycled products was
explored. The items required for the recycling ofbark and chips, including the transport of raw
1999materials and recycled products, were discussed bymeans of questionnaires and hearings form relevant
people and through study meetings.
Technologies required for recycled products arebeing established, and such products as oil
absorbent, fertilizer, and bark boards have been
proposed. To increase the value of bark as a raw
material, establishment of a joint crushing center
was proposed, and this will be pursued bycollaboration between the public and private sectors
in Noshiro City.

8

Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the supply of electric

Assuming

that

the

numberofrefrigerated

power and steam to berthedcontainers will increase in the future, problems andcontainer ships

challenges associated with supplying energy from a(Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.)gas cogeneration system installed in a container
yard to a berthed container ship were summarized,
the cost of ship modification was estimated, and theeffectofenvironmental

improvement

wasdiscussed.
1999

It was found that a significant environmental
improvement could be expected, with reduction in
sulfur and nitrogen oxides by nearly 100%. On theother hand, this arrangement takes time to connect
and disconnect power cable and there is a technicalproblem in the case of emergent departure from theberth. Another problem identified is that, assuminga realistic operation timetable, each ship has to pay
an additional yearly cost nearly equal to theberthing fee (1.1-million yen).

Study

on

methods

portmanagement

With the support from Nippon Foundation, thiswithregardstudy discusses port development and managementtoderegulationin view of improving the efficiency of Japanese(Independent research)

ports, whose international competitiveness is said tobe declining, and proposed the private-sector-led
approach to develop and manage a container

〜

1998

terminal in the context of the "landowner's port."
Furthermore, to vitalize the hinterland of the port, a1999

port area scheme that promotes fusion andcoordination by allowing residence was proposed.
A joint research with invited overseas researchers
and a study on overseas circumstances were also
conducted to support the present study.

9Study on creating integrative port areas
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the basic plan of

To augment the functionality of Shimizu Port, aShimizu

basic plan on the restructuring of the Ejiri andPortseafront

restructuring

Orido areas, which are particularly important areas,(Third District Port Construction

was studied. For the Ejiri area, two plans (either the

Bureau;north side or west side is open) were compared in

ShizuokaPrefecture,

Shimizu City)

consideration of the present status and challenges,
and the north-side-open option was eventually
1999

proposed as a basic plan because of its smaller
number of existing facilities that need to be
relocated, less project cost, and better situation tocoordinate the central facilities with the relevantmarkets. The coordination between the Ejiri area
and the S-Pulse area remains to be discussed. As for
the Orido area, facilities to be introduced were
specified, the project cost was roughly estimated,
and a stepwise development plan was prepared.

Study on the vitalization of the

The Honko area of Komatsushima Port has been

Honko area of Komatsushima

developed according to the Komatsushima PortPort

Renaissance 21 Study (fiscal 1989) and the Study(Third District Port Construction

on the Seafront Vitalization of the Honko area of

Bureau; Tokushima Prefecture)

Komatsushima Port (fiscal 1992). However, theNankai Ferry line, which played a central role in
the area, was relocated to the Tokushima Port area
in April 1999 because of the opening of the
1999

Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge.
As a new attempt of port development (including
the revision to the port plan), this study promoted
collaboration between the industry, government,
and academia, centering around the public-involved
Komatsushima Port Workshop. The study also
prepared development policies and plans with theaim of fostering locally-led vitalization, such as
resident participation in the Honko area.

10

Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the redevelopment plan

The Nishioita area of Oita Port, where a ferryof the Nishioita area of Oita Portterminal and warehouses are now located, is being（Fourth District Port Construction

planned for restructuring into a waterfront area

Bureau; Oita Prefecture）

open to the public, where the ferry terminal will be
1999

integrated with green areas and commercial
facilities. This study discussed measures tocommercialize the redevelopment plan, preparedbasic planning drawings, and summarized theconcept, schedule, scheme, and other aspects of the
project.

.

11

Studies on the development of the basis of physical distribution
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the plan of physicalThis study was conducted with the aim of

distribution management in the

promoting the use of Hitachinaka and Hitachi Ports

northern Kanto areaand forming an efficient distribution system in the(SecondDistrictPort

northern Kanto area. The present status of andConstruction

Bureau;Ibarakichallenges involved in the physical distribution in

Prefecture;

HitachiCity;

the area were summarized, and measures to

Hitachinaka City; etc.)1999

improvethedistribution

werediscussedin

consideration of port-related opinions and requests
from companies in the area. A regional distribution
management plan was prepared, including a
proposal for collaboration between consignors inconsolidating partial cargoes as a way to introduce
new shipping routes.

12

Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Follow-up study on the plan of

Following the Plan of Physical Distribution

physical distribution management

Management in the Matsuyama Port Area preparedin the Matsuyama Port areain the fiscal 1998, changes in regional and(Shikoku

District

Transport

nationwide physical distribution environments were

Bureau;Ehime

Prefecture;

grasped, the airline industry was added as an object

Matsuyama City)of investigation, and the progress of the project wasverified.
The greatest change found in the physicaldistribution around the Matsuyama area is theaugmentation of road transport capability associatedwith the construction of Honshu-Shikoku bridges
and the expansion of the expressway network in
1999

Shikoku. In view of fiercer competition between
land, sea, and air transportation, measures such as
the speedup of marine transportat by means of
on-board customs clearance and the expansion ofinternational airfreight destinations in cooperation
with airlines were proposed.
Efforts involving companies and local people
concerned are in progress, as exemplified by thestart of transporting consolidated containers toSouth Korea and Taiwan. Because an existing
freight yard has reached capacity, it is necessary tostart the full use of a new foreign trade wharf at an
early point in time, as shown by a cost estimation ofusing the wharf.

13

Study on the long-term vision of business promotion measures
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the plan of Naha Port

Okinawa Prefecture is trying to improve Naha(freight demand forecast)

Port to make it an international hub port for trade(Okinawa Prefecture)and is conducting relevant studies with the aim of(1) developing an international sea-lane network bymaking use of Okinawa's geographic advantage, (2)developing port facilities and distribution functionsof international level that contribute to thepromotion of business in Okinawa, (3) reducing
distribution cost by improving port services, (4) and
fostering cost competitive businesses through the1999

expansion of the free trade zone system and thepromotion of processing trade. This study focusedon the forecast of freight demand, in which theamount of port freight was estimated in a generic
way and the amount of transshipped freight wasestimated using a sacrifice model. The results
indicate that a significant amount of transshipfreight (about 120-million TEU in total) from Japan
proper and other Asian countries can be expected ifsome conditions, such as reductions in port fees, aremet and that there is a possibility of Naha Port
becoming a hub port.

14

Ports, Harbors and Marine Environment Research InstituteStudies on environmental status and policies
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on promotion of ecoports

To develop ecoports (ports in harmony with the(Environment Division of Ports

environment),and Harbors Bureau, Ministry ofenvironments were grasped and the progress of port

Transport)

environmental measures was reviewed.

thecurrent

statesofport

The port and marine environmental conditions in
Setonaikai and the three principal bays (Tokyo, Ise,and Osaka Bays), which are characterized bymetropolitan areas, closed waters, and active port

〜

1996

1999

operation, were summarized and target values forenvironmental improvement were set.
As

forterrestrial

environment,

ideas

and

challenges involved in setting port improvementtargets were discussed in consideration of thecurrent development status of waterfront greeneryareas and parks. Among the port environmental
measures, the progress, challenges, and evaluation
related to the port landscape formation model
project and the historical port environment creation
project were summarized. The future course of
combined environment-related projects was also
discussed.

15

Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Basic study on the introduction of

Development of ports in harmony with the natural

biotopes in port areas

environment is recently being required, and efforts
Designare being made to develop ports in consideration of

Office of First District Portliving organisms and ecosystems. The concept of(Niigata

SurveyandConstruction Bureau, Ministry of〜Transport)

1996

1999

biotope was introduced into port development, anda guidebook describing the idea and procedure of
biotope planning was prepared in fiscal 1998 withthe aim of improving the environment of the entire
area around the port.
The fiscal 1999 study investigated the West Coast
area of Niigata Port according to the manual,discussed the introduction of a biotope in ports
under the jurisdiction, and verified the manual.

.

16

Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the promoted use of

Recently, environmental consciousness is an

recycled

important aspect of public works, and a basis formaterial

considering

environmental loads

making environment-related decision is required in(Shimonoseki Survey and Design

port projects.

Office of Fourth District PortThe basic units of environmental load for theConstruction Bureau, Ministry ofrecycled materials (such as blast furnace slag andTransport)

1999

copper slag) that can be used for port development
projects were calculated. For ports in the Fourth
District, case studies were conducted regarding theeffectofusing

improvement

recycled

projects

onmaterials
the

in

port

reductionofenvironmental loads. Measures to use recycledmaterials

effectively

forenvironmental

load

reduction in port development were summarized.
Study on endocrine disruptors in

Sediment samples were collected from two

ports

locations in each of 39 ports throughout Japan to(Environment Division of Ports

analyze 12 endocrine disruptors, such as dioxins

and Harbors Bureau, Ministry ofTransport)

1999

and organotin compounds. As a result, sevenendocrine disruptors were found at more than halfof the locations and the geographic distribution of
the other endocrine disruptors was also clarified.

17

Study on planning methods for environmental creation
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on advanced cost-benefit

To evaluate, in an efficient way, the cost andanalysisbenefit of port environment improvement projects

in

port

environment

improvement projects

related to port greening, water and sediment quality(Environment Division of Ports

improvement,

and Harbors Bureau, Ministry ofrepresentative ports were selected and the basic

Transport)

1999

and

sea

area

disposalsites,

units for project evaluation were calculated byusing the contingent valuation method (CVM) andthe travel cost method (TCM). The cost-benefit
analysis methods were discussed with respect totideland and seaweed beds developed by marine
environmental creation projects.

18

Studies on port environmental plans
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the basic environmental

This study focused on environmental aspects

plan of Nagoya Port

according to the revision of the Nagoya Port Plan.

(Nagoya

Port

Management

The concept of ecoport (a port in harmony with theUnion)

environment) and measures to preserve and create
port environments in order to realize this concept
were
1999

identified.

collaboration

of

The

understanding

multilateralandadministrative

agencies, citizens, and corporations were promoted.
The

NagoyaPort

Environmental

Plan

was

discussed with the aim of handing down Nagoya
Port, which is a symbol of the Chubu region, tofuture generations as a place to relax and promoteexchanges.
Study on tideland environmental
creationin

Ariakekai

About half of the tideland in Japan is in Ariakekai

andand Yatsushirokai, for which the basic idea,

〜

1998

Yatsushirokai(Fourth District Port Construction
BureauoftheMinistryof

direction, and measures of port development inharmony with tideland were discussed and case1999

studies were conducted.

Transport)

19

Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

on

marineIn spite of its rich natural environments,

environmental creation plans in

Setonaikai is facing environmental threats because

Setonaikaiof the densely distributed industries and population(Third District Port Constructionin the areas facing the sea and the closed nature of

Bureauthe sea. Environmental preservation and creation

of

port

the

and

MinistryofTransport)

are therefore required from the regional point ofview. The present environmental plan aims to

〜

1997

1999

provide guidelines for the national government andport administrators to cope with the marine and port
environments of Setonaikai, providing guidelines
for the environmental plan of each port, andpromoteanintegrated

commitment

to

the

environment through the cooperation of multilateraladministrative agencies, citizens, and corporations.
Considering the characteristics of Setonaikai, thebasic ideas and objectives of marine and port
environmental plans were set together with fourbasic directions to be pursued, and the main
measures proposed were discussed.
The Fifth District Port Construction Bureau of theStudy on the basic environmental

Ministry of Transport presented its basic measuresplan of Ise Bay
BureauofTransport)theMinistry〜(Fifth District Port Construction

1997

of environmental preservation and creation in Ise
Bay and prepared a regional environmental plan

of
1999

that integrates individual port environmental plans.

20Studies on marine environment creation plans
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on planting for protection

This study was aimed at introducing protection

against blown sand generated

planting as a measure to cope with blown sandfrom landfill

generated from the landfill associated with the
1997〜(Kansai International Airport Co.,Ltd.)

development of the second-phase airport island of
Kansai International Airport. Challenges associated1999with plant growing were addressed experimentally.
A greening plan and specifications for thesecond-phase construction were discussed based on
the summary and analysis of existing data.

Study on measures to developThis study was aimed at achieving advanced

second-phasecompatibility

revetmentsinbetweenrevetments

andlivingharmony with the environmentorganisms for the revetments and surrounding sea(Kansai International Airport Co.,

areas of the second-phase airport island of Kansai

Ltd.)

International Airport. The results of survey on the

〜

1998

revetments of the first-phase airport island weresummarized and analyzed comprehensively, and1999

environmental compatibility was discussed inconsideration of the latest measures and techniquesusedelsewheretoattainenvironmental

compatibility. Effective measures of environmental
compatibility were discussed for the revetments andsurrounding sea areas of the second-phase airport
island.

21

Studies on port landscape and green space plans
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Basic study on facilities intended

To pursue the concept of ecoport (a port inforharmony with the environment) in consideration ofnature-oriented

port

environment(Nagoyaliving organisms and ecosystems in Nagoya Port,Port

Management

Union)

the properties of a wide variety of biologic
1999

environments in the port were summarized, and theidea of nature-oriented port environment was
explored. A greening plan of Nagoya Port
incorporating the concept of nature-oriented port
environment was discussed.

Study to support environmental ISO activity
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

on

environmentalofWith the investments of Kansai International

management

Airport Co., Ltd. (KIAC) and local governments,

establishment

Kansai International Airport Land Development

systems(KansaiInternational

AirportLand Development Co., Ltd.)

1999

Co., Ltd. (KALD) was established in June 1996 as abusiness entity to develop the airport site.
This study intends to support KALD in gaining
ISO-14001 certification.

22

Studies on environmental creation technologies
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

environmental

To plan development of coastal preservationcompatibility techniques in thefacilities in the Mabori area of Yokosuka Port,

Mabori area of Yokosuka Port

techniques to pursue environmental compatibility(Keihin Port Construction Officebased on measures to foster biologic diversity wereof

discussed.

Study

on

SecondDistrict

Port

The present status of the environment and biota

Construction Bureau, Ministry ofTransport)

1999

around the Mabori area as well as the basic
structure of the coastal preservation facilities were
investigated, and the studied area was found to be
characterized by diverse reef ecosystems. Because
the development of the coastal preservation
facilities is relevant to reefs, environmental
compatibility measures allowing variations in the
shape and material of structure were proposed.

Studyenvironmental

In the sea area on the west coast of Niigata Port

compatibility techniques in thewhere a project of integrated shore protection iswest coast of Niigata Port

conducted, marine environmental and ecological(Niigataon

Surveyand

Designstudies have been conducted for a long period from

Office of First District Port

1986 to 1998. The results were summarized andConstruction Bureau, Ministry ofTransport)

1999

analyzed systematically and the effect of the projecton the environment was evaluated. Based on theevaluation results, coastal development techniques
compatible with the environment of the sea area
were proposed.

23

Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study

on

tidelandA tideland ecosystem model was constructed toecosystem

predict and evaluate quantitatively the effect ofmodeling(Yokohama Survey and Design
Construction Bureau, Ministry ofTransport)〜

Office of Second District Port

1996

1999

projects conducted around the Gamo tideland on the
tideland ecosystems. The effectiveness of the modeland improvements required were discussed.
Based on the findings obtained from the model
analysis,effective

measuresandmonitoring

methods were proposed.
Basic study on environmental

With the aim of coping promptly, adequately, anddatabase development

efficiently with environmental requirements (such(Yokohama Survey and Design

as those related to the planning, survey, and design

Office of Second District Portof each port in the area), basic issues were studied

Transport,

Keihin1998〜

Construction Bureau, Ministry ofPortConstruction Office of Second

to improve the functionality, operability, andversatility of port and marine environmental

1999

database systems.

District Port Construction Bureau,
Ministry of Transport)

24

Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on environmental creation

Removal of the Third Coast Battery is planed asalong the sea-lane at the mouth ofpart of a project to improve the sea-lane at theTokyo Bay

mouth of Tokyo Bay. The possibility of using thematerial generated by the removal was discussed interms of creating habitats for marine organisms innearby sea areas.
The results of investigation into the functionality
1999

of the habitats on the Third Coast Battery and thematerial generated by the removal of the battery
indicate that concrete blocks and concrete structures
can be used effectively for creating reef habitats forfish. A plan to develop fish reefs by using theremoved material was discussed, and a plan tomonitor the effect of the development was
proposed.

Study on the project of Setonaikai

Seabed degradation by excessive extraction of sea

seabed environmental restoration

gravel from Setonaikai is a matter of concern. The(Third District Port Construction

general trend of the municipalities in the coastal

Bureauareas of Setonaikai is to totally ban or restrict the

of

the

Ministryofcollection of sea gravel. Seabed degradation isTransport)

considered to be a cause of water quality
deterioration and reductions in fishery resources.
The Environment Agency is studying the effect of1999

sea gravel extraction on the environment. The
necessity of and techniques for restoring sea gravel
extraction sites were discussed in this study as
regards Hiroshima Prefecture, where sea gravel
extraction was totally banned. Challenges to beaddressed for commercialization were identified,
and the possibility of commercialization was
discussed.

25

Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the use of sediment

The water quality of Maizuru Bay, which is a

derived from the Wada area ofclosed area, becomes more deteriorated as the

Maizuru Port

location approaches the head of the bay. Near the(Maizuru Port Construction Officetimber ponds scattered in the bay, bark-containing

of

Third

District

sediment is also adversely affecting water quality.

Port

Construction Bureau, Ministry of

1999This study investigated the present status of
MaizuruTransport)

Bay

and

discussedameasureofenvironmental improvement using sediment derived
from the Wada area.

Study

on

environmental

Removal of the Third Coast Battery and dredging

measures along the sea-lane at theof the Nakanose sea-lane are planed as part of amouth of Tokyo Bay

project to improve the sea-lane at the mouth of(Keihin Port Construction Office

Tokyo Bay. The effect of the project on the

of

Port

environment and living organisms was studied, andConstruction Bureau, Ministry ofenvironmental preservation and monitoring plans

SecondTransport)theDistrict1999

were discussed. Regarding the plan of using thedredged sediment of the Nakanose sea-lane, theeffect of using the sediment for sand covering on
theenvironment

andlivingorganisms

wasdiscussed. Also, environmental preservation andmonitoring plans during the execution of the project
were proposed.

26