ㄽᩥሗ㐨ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㔜せᛶ̿̿ࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࠕ㯲ẅࠖⓎゝࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿̿ᰗࠉ⏣ࠉ┿ࠉ୍㸦ẖ᪥᪂⪺♫㸧㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ : ሗ㐨㐣⛬ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜⪃ᐹࡢࡡࡽ࠸ࠉሗ㐨㐣⛬ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ᪥ࡈࢁ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᨺ㏦ࡸ᪂⪺ࠊ㞧ㄅࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡞࡝ࡢ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ
㐨࡟᥋ࡍࡿࠋᨺ㏦ࡢሙྜࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢ⦅㞟ࡀ௓ᅾࡍࡿ࡟ࡏࡼ㘓㡢ࠊ㘓⏬ࠊ෌⏕ࡲࡓࡣ୰⥅ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡋ࡚㡢ኌࡢ୍㒊ࢆ┤᥋࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢚ࣥࢫ࡟ఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀάᏐ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢሙྜࠊேࠎࡢⓎࡍࡿゝⴥࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ⨶ิࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿ᩥ❶࡟࡞ࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ᪥ࠎⓎ⏕ࡍࡿฟ᮶஦ࢆሗࡌࡿࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢺ࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢሙྜࠊせⅬ࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓⓎゝࢆグࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ㏻ᖖࡢసᴗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢⓎゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᩥ❶సᡂୖࡢㄪᩚࢆ⾜࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ே㛫ࡢⓎゝࢆྠࡌゝㄒ࡛ሗࡌࡿグ஦ࡣࠊ኱࡞ࡾᑠ࡞ࡾグ⪅ࡀྠ୍ゝㄒෆ࡛せ⣙ࡸゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢆࠊࡸࡸᙉ࠸ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡍࢀࡤ⩻ヂࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵⱥㄒࡢⓎゝࢆ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ᪂⪺グ஦ࡢࡓࡵ࡟⩻ヂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓ㏫࡟᪥ᮏㄒࡢⓎゝࢆྵࡴグ஦ࢆⱥヂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵྠ୍ゝㄒෆ࡛ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡽࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆࡉࡽ࡟㐪࠺ゝㄒ࡟⛣ࡋኚ࠼ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺」ᩘࡢఏ㐩㐣⛬ࢆ⤒ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ᐃ⩏࡛ࡁࡿࠋ」ᩘࡢఏ㐩㐣⛬ࢆ⤒ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᮏ➽࡟ࡋࢁ⣽㒊࡟ࡋࢁᚎࠎ࡟᝟ሗࡀࡎࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ⩻ヂࢆ࡜ࡶ࡞࠺ሗ㐨࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡀࡕ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜➹⪅ࡣ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࠕྠ୍ゝㄒෆࡢゝ࠸᥮࠼ࠖ(intra-lingual rewording) ࡜ࠕゝㄒ㛫⩻ヂࠖ(translation proper) ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡶព࿡ࡢࡎࢀࡣⓎ⏕ࡋ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛஦ᐇఏ㐩ࡢᩥ❶సᡂ࡟័ࢀࡓࡣࡎࡢグ⪅ࡓࡕࡢసᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊព࿡ࡢ஋㞳ࡸࡎࢀࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢഴྥ࡜ཎᅉࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ⩻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢၥ࠸࡬ࡢゎ⟅ࡢ㘽࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀグ஦୰ࡢ
Ⓨゝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠊࡲࡓグ஦ࡀసᡂࡉࢀࡓࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠉࠉ⪃ᐹࡢࡡࡽ࠸᪂⪺࡟ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀࡿⓎゝࡸグ஦సᡂࢆࡵࡄࡿࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡣከᵝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂♧ⓗ࡟ᩥ❶໬ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛᪥ᮏㄒࡢグ஦ࢆⱥㄒ࡟ࠊࡲࡓⱥㄒࡢグ஦ࢆ᪥ᮏㄒ࡬
࡜⩻ヂࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ๓ᥦࡉࢀࡓ▱㆑ࡸࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ࡝࠺ㄞࡳ㎸ࡴ࠿ࡀ኱ኚ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀୖᡭࡃ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜ࡁࠊ᝟ሗࡸ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢ஋㞳ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡸࡍ࠸࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚⩻ヂࢆ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢព࿡࣭ពᅗࡢࡎࢀࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡓ౛ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡢゎ᫂ࢆヨࡳ࡚ࠊࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ⌮ゎ࡜᝟ሗ஋㞳ࡢ཯ẚ౛ࡍࡿ㛵ಀࡢ௬ᐃࡀጇᙜࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢヨࡳ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⩻ヂࢆ࡜ࡶ࡞࠺ሗ㐨ࡢ୍ഴྥࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ᪂⪺グ஦ࢆ࠸࠿࡟⩻ヂࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ᪥ⱥ⩻ヂᐇ㊶ㄽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊሗ㐨㐣⛬ࡢ᳨ドࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ᪥ᮏㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ㛫ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ◊✲ࢆពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠉᰗࠉ⏣ࠉ┿ࠉ୍㸰㸬ศᯒࡢ᪉ἲ࡜ᑐ㇟ሗ㐨ᩥࡢព࿡࡜࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢࢩࣇࢺࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿୖ࡛ࠊᙜヱࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ࣭ⱥㄒࡢグ஦୰ࡢே㛫ࡢゝⴥࢆఱࡽ࠿ࡢᑐ㇟࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡓⓎヰ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࠊグ஦సᡂ᫬ࡢࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆヲ⣽
࡟᳨ドࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ฟ᮶ୖࡀࡗࡓ⩻ヂ⾲⌧࡟࠺ࡲࡃࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡀ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆุ᩿ࡋࠊࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ⌮ゎ࡜᝟ሗࡢ஋㞳࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௬ㄝࡀస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺᪉ἲࢆ࡜ࡿࠋ
᭱ึ࡟ᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ2001 ᖺ࡟࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓྠ᫬ከⓎࢸࣟࡢᩘ᪥ᚋࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪᅜົ๪㛗ᐁ㸦ᙜ᫬㸧ࡀࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜࠸࠺័⏝⾲⌧࡛᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࢸࣟ⾜ື࡬ࡢேⓗ㈉⊩ࢆせồࡋࡓ࡜ሗࡌࡽࢀࡓ௳࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡣࠊሗ㐨㐣⛬࡛࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀࡎࢀࠊࡑࢀࡀ⊂ࡾṌࡁࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚ࡑࡢⓎゝࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡢ᝟ሗఏ㐩࡛࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪఏ㐩࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࡎࢀࡣ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟࡜ࡾ࠶ࡆࡿࡢࡣࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡢᮎᮇࠊ㐃ྜᅜࡀᯡ㍈ᅜࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㝆అࢆせồࡋࡓࠕ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࠖ࡬ࡢ཯ᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ㕥ᮌ㈏ኴ㑻㤳┦ࡀࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ࡜Ⓨゝࡋࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿヰ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᐉゝࢆࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨゝࡢሗ㐨㐣⛬࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡀࠕᣄྰࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏ࡬ࡢཎᏊ⇿ᙎᢞୗ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺㏻ㄝࡢࡈ࡜ࡁࡶࡢࡲ࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ῝ࡃ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴ࡔࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊព࿡ࡢࡎࢀࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺௬ᐃࡀస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋゝཬࡍࡿே≀ࡢ⫪᭩ࡁࡸᡤᒓ⤌⧊ྡ⛠࡞࡝ࡣᙜ᫬ࡢࡲࡲ࡜ࡋࠊᩗ⛠ࡣ␎ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋᘬ⏝グ஦୰ࡢୗ⥺ࡣࡍ࡭࡚➹⪅ࡀ௜ࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸱㸬ࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࡢሗ㐨࡜ࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࠉ⫼ᬒ
2001 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 11 ᪥࡟࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ኱つᶍ࡞ࢸࣟᨷᧁࡢ 4 ᪥ᚋࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᰗ஭ಇ஧㥔⡿኱౑ࡣᅜົ┬࡟࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪᅜົ๪㛗ᐁࢆࡓࡎࡡࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ⾜࠺ᑐࢸࣟሗ᚟⾜ື࡟᪥ᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚࡝࠺㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࢆヰࡋྜࡗࡓࠋ఍ㄯ࡛࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡀࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢ
㸦show the ag㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ౑࠸ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⾜ື࡟᪥ᮏࡀ⮬⾨㝲ࡢὴ㐵࡞࡝ேⓗ㈉⊩ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺ಁࡋࡓࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀሗ㐨ࡢせⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡣࡇࡢグ᠈࡟ṧࡾࡸࡍ࠸ゝⴥ࡟ᗘࠎゝཬࡋࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᑐ᪥せồࡢࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡞㡪ࡁࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠉሗ㐨ࡢ㐣⛬ࠉࡣࡌࡵ࡟ “show the ag” ࡜࠸࠺័⏝ⓗ⾲⌧ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ព࿡࡜⏝ἲࢆᴫほࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋձࠉ≉࡟㌷Ⰴࡀእᅜࡢ

ࢆබᘧゼၥࡍࡿࠋ

ղࠉ᪝ᖬ࣭❧ሙ࣭ᨭᣢࢆ㩭᫂࡟ࡍࡿࠋճࠉࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕ࡸ఍ྜ࡞࡝࡟୍ᛂ㢦ࢆฟࡍ㸦◊✲♫࣭࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢬⱥ࿴㎡඾➨㸰∧࡞࡝࠿ࡽ㸧ሗ㐨ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㔜せᛶࠉճࡢ⏝ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ “ 㹇 don’t want to go to the party, but I’d better just show the ag.” ࡜࠸࠺౛ᩥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦◊✲♫࣭᪂⦅ⱥ࿴ά⏝኱㎡඾ࡼࡾ㸧ḟ࠸࡛᪥ᮏࡢグ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ“showthe ag” ࡢព࿡ࢆ࡝࠺ᤊ࠼࡚ሗࡌࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࠉࠉࠕྠ᫬ከⓎࢸࣟࢆཷࡅࡓ⡿ᅜࡢ㌷஦ሗ᚟ᥐ⨨࡟㛵㐃ࡋࠊ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪ⡿ᅜົ๪㛗ᐁࡀࠉᰗ஭ಇ஧㥔⡿኱౑࡟ᑐࡋࠗ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ᪥ᮏࡢཧຍࢆ᪩ࡃỴࡵࠊᅜ᪝ࢆぢࡏ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࠘࡜ࠉせㄳࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ㸦ᮅ᪥᪂⪺ 2001 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 18 ᪥ኤห㸧ࠉࠉࠕྠ᫬ከⓎࢸࣟ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⡿ᅜࡢ㌷஦⾜ືࢆࡵࡄࡾࠊ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪ⡿ᅜົ๪㛗ᐁࡀᰗ஭ࠉಇ஧㥔⡿኱౑ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࡟⮬⾨㝲࡟ࡼࡿᚋ᪉ᨭ᥼ࡢ᳨ウࢆᡴデࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ
17 ᪥ࠊศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᪥⡿㛵ಀ➽ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣ⡿㌷ᨭ᥼࡛᪂ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࠉᑐᛂࡢ᫂☜໬ࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡑ࠺ࡔࠋࠉࠉ᪥⡿㛵ಀ➽࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ๪㛗ᐁࡣ 15 ᪥ࠊࠗࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢ㸦᪥ᮏࡢ᪝ࢆぢࡏ࡚࡯ࠉࡋ࠸㸧࠘࡜ᰗ஭Ặ࡟ఏ࠼ࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࡟⡿㌷ᨭ᥼ࡢ᳨ウࢆᡴデࡋࡓࠖ㸦ẖ᪥᪂⪺ 9 ᭶ 18 ᪥ࠉኤห㸧ࠉࠉࠕ̿̿๓␎̿̿ࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡁࡗ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏ㏻࡛࠶ࡿ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪ๪㛗ᐁࡣࠗ‴ᓊᡓத
ࠉࡢ᫬࡜ࡣ㐪࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ᪝ࢆ❧࡚࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࠘࡜ࡶㄒࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ㈨㔠᥼ຓࡔࡅ࡛῭ࡲࡏࡓ୍ࠉ஑஑୍ᖺࡢ‴ᓊᡓதᙜ᫬࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊேⓗ࡞㈉⊩࡞࡝ࠗ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿᨭ᥼࠘࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࡴࡼࠉ࠺ᙉ࠸ᮇᚅࢆ♧ࡋࡓ᱁ዲࡔࠖ㸦᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺ 9 ᭶ 18 ᪥ᮅห㸧ࠉᘬ⏝ࡋࡓグ஦ࢆㄞࡴ࡜グ⪅ࡓࡕࡀࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࢆࡲࡎࠕ᪥ᮏࡢᅜ᪝ࢆฟࡋ
࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛⌮ゎࡋࠊࡘ࠸࡛ゝእ࡟ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢேⓗ㈉⊩ࠖࢆ♧၀ࡋࡓ⾲⌧ࠊ࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋඛ࡟࠶ࡆࡓ“show the ag” ࡜࠸࠺័⏝⾲⌧ࡀᮏ᮶ᣢࡘゝእࡢព࿡࠿ࡽࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡎࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕᅜ᪝ࢆぢࡏࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡣࠊࡑࡢゝⴥ⮬యࡢព࿡ࡋ࠿࡞ࡃࠊࠕேⓗ㈉⊩ࠖ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ័⏝ⓗព࿡ࡣ࡞࠸࡜➹⪅ࡣ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࠉࡋ࠿ࡶ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢグ஦ࡢグ㏙࡟ࡣࠊព࿡ࡢࡎࢀࢆᣑࡆࡿ⩻ヂୖࡢ᧯సࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋⱥㄒ
ࡢ“ag” ࢆ᏶඲࡟➼౯ࡢព࿡ࢆᣢࡘࠕ᪝࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠕ᪥ࡢ୸ࠖ࡜ヂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢᚋ࡟ࡶࠊ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡀ“show the Rising-Sun ag” ࡜㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠸࠺᝟ሗࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࢯ࣮ࢫ࣭ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢゝⴥࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺゝㄒࡢㄞ⪅ࡀࡼࡾ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᧯స࡛࠶ࡿࠋⓎヰࡢᣢࡘ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆᙉࡃ༳㇟࡙ࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿሗ㐨ࡢഴྥࡀస⏝ࡋࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢグ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ“ag”ࢆࠕ᪥ࡢ୸ࠖ࡜ヂࡋࡓ᫬Ⅼ࡛“show the ag”ࡢ័⏝ⓗព࿡ࡣ᏶඲࡟ᾘ࠼ࡓࠋࡸࡸࢃ࠿ࡾ࡙ࡽ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢ౛ࢆᢤ⢋ࡍࡿࠋࠉࠕ⡿ഃ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏ࡟ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠗࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢ㸦᪥ࡢ୸ࢆぢࡏ࡚㸧࠘ࡀࠊ௒ࠊ㜵⾨ᗇࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࠸࠺ࠖ㸦ᮅ᪥᪂⪺ 9 ᭶ 22 ᪥ᮅห㸧ࠉࠕࠗ᪥ࡢ୸ࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ࠘࡜࠸࠺࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪẶࡢゝⴥ࡟ࡣࠊ⡿ᨻᗓࡢᨻ⟇㈐௵⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡞ᨭ᥼ࡢຠ⏝ࡶࡉࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㈉⊩ࢆ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿᙧ࡛♧ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ᰗࠉ⏣ࠉ┿ࠉ୍࡜ࡢᮇᚅࡀ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㸦ㄞ኎᪂⪺ 9 ᭶ 19 ᪥ᮅห㸧ࠉࠉୖ࡟ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓᮅ᪥᪂⪺ࡢグ஦࡛ࠊࠕ᪥ࡢ୸ࢆぢࡏ࡚ࠖࡀࠕ㜵⾨ᗇࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢ⾲⌧࡛ゝእ࡟ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢேⓗ㈉⊩ࡸ⮬⾨㝲ࡢὴ㐵ࠖࢆせồࡋࡓ࡜ཷࡅ࡜ࡽ࡞࠸㝈
ࡾࠊ㏻ᖖࡢ᪥ᮏㄒゎ㔘࡛ࡣ⌮ゎ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾㄞ⪅ࡀࡑࡢゝእࡢព࿡࡛ࡶࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜๓ᥦࡋࡓグ㏙࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠉእ஺࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄯヰ࡛ࠕ᪥ࡢ୸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡟ࠕぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀ㔜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢㄞ⪅࡟࡜ࡾࠕ᪥ࡢ୸ࠖࡣࠊࠕ᪝ࠖࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྵពࢆᣢࡘ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࠋࠕ᪝ࠖࢆࠕ᪥ࡢ୸ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏࡢேⓗ㈉⊩ࠖࡸࠕ⮬⾨㝲ὴ㐵ࠖࡢせồ࡜࠸࠺࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀࡼࡾ㩭᫂࡟࡞ࡿ࡜グ⪅ࡓࡕࡣุ᩿ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ
࡞࠸ࠋࠉ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡣࠕ⮬⾨㝲ࢆὴ㐵ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠕ᪝ࢆぢࡏ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠖ
࡜ゝࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕ❧ሙࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࢆ㎸ࡵࡓ࡜࠸࠺ぢゎࡀⓏሙࡋࠊグ⪅ࡓࡕࡣࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࢆㄗヂࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ᒎ㛤࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠉẖ᪥᪂⪺ࡣࠊྠᖺ 10 ᭶ 5 ᪥ᮅหࡢ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡢᑐᛂࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿグ஦࡛ࠕ๪㛗ᐁࡣࡇࡢ㝿࡟ࠗࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢ࠘࡜ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪝ᖬ㸦ࡁࡋ㸧㩭᫂࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺័
⏝ྃࡔࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠗ᪥ࡢ୸ࢆぢࡏ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࠘࡜ㄗヂࡉࢀ࡚ఏࢃࡗࡓࠖ࡜グࡋࡓࠋྠࡌ㡭ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣁ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭࣮࣮࣋࢝㥔᪥኱౑࡜࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪᮏேࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᮾி࡜࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࡛ࣥࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࡢព࿡ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࠋࠉࠕ⡿ᅜࡢ࣮࣮࣋࢝㥔᪥኱౑ࡣ 5 ᪥ࠊᮾிࡢ᪥ᮏグ⪅ࢡࣛࣈ࡛ㅮ₇ࡋࠊྠ᫬ከⓎࢸ࡛ࣟࡢᑐ⡿ᨭ᥼࡟⮬⾨㝲ࢆά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡀἲᩚഛࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࠗ‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠘࡜ㄒࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࠊྠ᫬ࢸࣟ┤ᚋ࡟࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪ⡿ᅜົ๪㛗ᐁࡀᰗ஭ಇ஧㥔⡿኱౑࡟ࠗࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢ࠘࡜㏙࡭ࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠗⱥㄒࡢ័⏝࡛ࡣࠊ᪝ᖬ㸦ࡁࡋ㸧ࢆ㩭᫂࡟ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࠋලయⓗ࡟⮬⾨㝲ࡢཧຍࢆせồࡋࡓ࡜ࡣᛮ࠼࡞࠸࠘࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࠖ㸦ẖ᪥᪂⪺ 10 ᭶ 6 ᪥ᮅห㸧ࠉࠕ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪ⡿ᅜົ๪㛗ᐁࡣ 5 ᪥ࠊᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫࡞࡝᪥ᮏሗ㐨㝕࡜఍ぢࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢸࣟᑐ⟇≉ูᥐ⨨ἲ᱌ࡢ࡜ࡾࡲ࡜ࡵ࡟ᙎࡳࢆ୚࠼ࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⮬ࡽࡢࠗ᪝ࢆぢࡏࢁ࠘Ⓨゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠗ᪥ᮏࡀࡇࡢᡓ࠸࡟᭱኱㝈࡟㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡏ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡔ࠘ࠗ⡿ᅜ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿
࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ50%, 60% ࡜࠸࠺ᑻᗘࡣ࡞࠸࠘࡜㏙࡭ࠊ඲㠃༠ຊࡢែᗘỴᐃࢆ᪥ᮏ࡟ồࡵࡓ࡜ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠖ㸦ᮅ᪥᪂⪺ 10 ᭶ 6 ᪥ኤห㸧
ඹྠ㏻ಙ♫ࡀ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ┤᥋ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓⱥᩥグ஦ࢆ㓄ಙࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࠋ “WASHINGTON (Kyodo) ̿̿๓␎̿̿Armitage had reportedly asked Japan forcooperation in U.S. campaigns against terrorism by telling Japanese Ambassador tothe U.S. Shunji Yanai to ‘show the ag.’
Asked about the intent of his reported remark, Armitage said, ‘The term “show theag” may show that the government of Japan, representing the people of Japan, isሗ㐨ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㔜せᛶ

involved fully in this campaign.’”(The Japan Times, Oct. 7, 2001)ࠉࡇࢀࡽ࣮࣮࣋࢝࡜࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡢㄝ᫂ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲཷࡅ࡜ࡵࢀࡤࠊࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⮬⾨㝲ࡢὴ㐵せồ࡞࡝ࢆゝእ࡟ព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ≉࡟㥔᪥኱౑ࡢㄝ᫂࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢ័⏝⾲⌧ࡣࡸࡣࡾୖ࡟ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ㎡᭩ࡢᐃ⩏࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ᪝ᖬ࣭❧ሙࢆ㩭᫂࡟ࡍࡿ㸦㸻࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ࿡᪉ࡔ࡜⾲᫂ࡍࡿ㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢព࿡ࡢࡎࢀࢆ➃ⓗ࡟ᅗ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋ
ࠉᅗ 3:1ࠉࠉⓎゝ : show the ag ࠉࠉࠉ᪝࣭᪥ࡢ୸ࢆぢࡏࢁࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉྵព : ❧ሙࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࠉࠉЍ ேⓗ㈉⊩ࢆࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪ๪㛗ᐁᐇ㝿࡟࡞ࡉࢀࡓ᪥ᮏࡢሗ㐨ࠉୖࡢᅗ࡛⾲⌧ࡋࡓព࿡ࡢࡎࢀࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡣ᫂ⓑ࡛ࠊグ⪅ࡽࡀࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜࠸࠺័⏝⾲⌧ࡢከ⩏ⓗ࡞ព࿡ࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚⪃࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠ᫬࡟࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆᙉࡃ༳㇟௜ࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿሗ㐨ࡢഴྥࡀస⏝ࡋࠊᮏ᮶ࡢព࿡ࢆᡴࡕᾘࡍࠕ᪥ࡢ୸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ヂㄒࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋⱥㄒࡢ័⏝⾲⌧ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ“It’s raining cats and dogs.”ࡢࡼ
࠺࡟≀⌮ⓗ᮲௳࠿ࡽእࢀࡓ⾲⌧ࡣࠊࣀ࣭ࣥࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶゝእࡢព࿡ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆᐹ▱ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡀࠊ“show the ag” ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚ព࿡ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿ⾲⌧ࡣࠊゝእࡢ័⏝ⓗព࿡࡟Ẽ࡙ࡁ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦Baker 1992, pp.65-6㸧
ࠉࡋ࠿ࡋ᫬㛫ࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ᪂⪺ሗ㐨ࡸᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚ฟࡋࡓグ⪅ࡢグ㏙࡞࡝ࢆ⥲ྜࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡣ఍ㄯ࡛ࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜ࡣ㏙࡭࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡢゝⴥࡣ“Japanese national ag and face visible” ࡔࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࠊᰗ஭ࡀ఍ㄯࡢ༳㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆබ㟁࡟グࡋࡓࠊ࡜࠸࠺ሗ㐨ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ẖ᪥᪂⪺ 12 ᭶ 27 ᪥ᮅห㸧࡯࠿࡟ࠊࡇࡢ఍ㄯ௨๓࡟ᙜ᫬ࡢࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ࣭ࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒ
ࡢᑐ᪥ᨻ⟇㛵ಀ⪅ࡀࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ᪥ᮏࡢእ஺ᐁ࡟ఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࡜
ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ஂỤ 2002, p.25-6㸧ࢪࣕࣃ࣭ࣥࢱ࢖࣒ࢬ࡜ࡢ఍ぢ࡛ᰗ஭ࡶ๪㛗ᐁࡀࡑࡢ័⏝⾲⌧ࢆ౑ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆྰᐃࡋࠊ⡿ഃࡢ᪥ᮏ࡬ࡢせồ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ“Yanai denied that U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage used the term‘show the ag’ when they met just days after the terrorist attacks.̿̿୰␎̿̿
What Armitage meant was the U.S. wants a ‘visible presence’ from Japan, he said.
However, Yanai revealed that Armitage did make a specic request ̿forlogistic support from the SDF.” (The Japan Times, Nov. 15)
ࠉࠉࠉ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪᮏேࡣࠊ኱ศ᫬㛫ࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡓ 2002 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡢ BBC ࣛࢪ࢜࡜ࡢ఍ぢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢⓎゝࢆࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⪺ࡁᡭࡢグ⪅ࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑࡢⓎゝࡢ๓ᚋ㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡣṇ☜࡞ព࿡ࢆ࡜ࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚㉁ၥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠉ“QUESTION: On September the 15th, you met the Japanese ambassador and said tohim, it’s time Japan showed the ag. What did you mean by that?

ᰗࠉ⏣ࠉ┿ࠉ୍

DEPUTY SECRETARY ARMITAGE: We had a private meeting on a Saturday,
and explained that we were at war, just as we were at war in 1991. Unlike 1991,didn’t (sic) want the same kind of controversy we’d had with Japan. It wasnecessary that Japan, as a good ally and as a good citizen of the world, would join
this coalition and do something visible. When asked by the Japanese ambassador,‘What do you have in mind?’ I said, ‘You’ve got to show the ag and show the ag
in far-ung locations from Japan.’” (BBC Radio interview April 10, 2002)ࠉ
ࠉࡇࡢࢪࣕࣃ࣭ࣥࢱ࢖࣒ࢬ࡜ BBC ࡢグ஦࠿ࡽㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊᐇ㝿࡟࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡀ
“show the ag”࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣู࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊࡸࡣࡾࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ㈉⊩ࠖࢆせồࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࡢ㈉⊩࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊୖࡢグ஦୰࡟࠶ࡿࡼ
࠺࡟ࠕ᪥ᮏ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓᆅ (far-ung locations from Japan)࡛ࠖࡢࠕ⮬⾨㝲ࡢᚋ᪉ᨭ᥼
(logistic support from the SDF)࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࠉࡔ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏࡢグ⪅ࡓࡕࡀࠊ࣮࣮࣋࢝኱౑ࡢࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣ᪝ᖬ㩭᫂࡟ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࠋ⮬⾨㝲ࡢὴ㐵ࡲ࡛ࡣせồࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࢆࠊゝⴥࡢゎ㔘࡟↔Ⅼࢆࡑࡽࡋ࡚ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢእᅽ࡟ࡼࡿ⮬⾨㝲ὴ㐵ࠖ࡜࠸࠺༳㇟ࢆ࿴ࡽࡆࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓእ஺ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋグ⪅ࡓࡕࡀᙜึࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࢆ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡢゝⴥ࡜ࡋ࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊྲྀᮦࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡑࡢ᝟ሗࢆࠕ᪥⡿㛵ಀ➽ࠖ࠿ࡽᚓࡓࡓࡵ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋእົ┬ࡢᐁ൉ࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᝟ໃሗ࿌࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢゝⴥࢆᏳಸ᫴୕ᐁᡣ๪㛗ᐁ࡟ఏ࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡀグ⪅࡟ఏࢃࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ẖ᪥᪂⪺ 12 ᭶ 27 ᪥ᮅห㸧࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡀࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣ౑ࢃࡎࠊẖ᪥᪂⪺ࡢグ஦ࡀᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟“Japanese national ag and face visible” ( ࡇࢀࡣࠊᰗ஭ࡀ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡢゝⴥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢪࣕࣃ࣭ࣥࢱ࢖࣒ࢬ࡟᫂࠿ࡋࡓ“a visible presence from Japan” ࡜➢ྜࡍࡿ㸧࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜௬ᐃࡋ࡚ሗ㐨ࡢὶࢀࢆᅗ♧ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࠉᅗ 3:2ࠉⓎゝ : Japanese national ag and face visible᪝࣭᪥ࡢ୸ࢆぢࡏࢁࠉ

ࠉࠉࠉࠉ ྵព : ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ㈉⊩ࢆࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠉЍࠉேⓗ㈉⊩ࢆࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪ๪㛗ᐁࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉᐇ㝿࡟࡞ࡉࢀࡓ᪥ᮏࡢሗ㐨ࠉࡇࡢᅗࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ๪㛗ᐁࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡎࢀࡎ࡟ሗ㐨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ᰗ஭ࡶࢪࣕࣃ࣭ࣥࢱ࢖࣒ࢬ࡜ࡢ఍ぢ࡛ㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡣ⮬⾨㝲ࡢὴ㐵ࢆᡴデࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚⓶⫗࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢグ⪅ࡽࡣᙜึࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜࠸࠺័⏝⾲⌧ࡢከ⩏ⓗព࿡࡟Ẽ࡙࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ๪㛗ᐁࡀேⓗ㈉⊩࣭⮬⾨㝲ὴ㐵ࢆせồࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺᰾ᚰ㒊ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣṇࡋ࠸ሗ㐨ࢆࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࡭࣮࣮࢝኱౑ࡢㄝ᫂ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࢆࠕ❧ሙࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠖ࡜⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊࡸࡸࡘࡌࡘࡲࢆྜࢃࡏ࡟ࡃ࠸ሗ㐨࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᰗ஭ᮏேࡶࠕ࠶ࡢࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪẶࡀྠ┕ᅜࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ኱౑࡟ࠗ᪝ᖬ㩭᫂࡟ࡏࡼ࠘࡞ࢇ࡚ゝ࠺ࡣࡎࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦஬ⓒ᪝㢌௚⦅2007, p. 198㸧ࠉࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜࠸࠺័⏝⾲⌧ࡣࠊࢸࣟ┤ᚋࡢእ஺࡜࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࣇࣛࢵࢢ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃሗ㐨ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㔜せᛶࡽࡎࠕᅜ᪝ࢆぢࡏ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸㸻ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ఱ࠿ࢆࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࡜ࡾࡸࡍ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡎࢀࡓព࿡࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ᪝ࢆࡳࡏ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠖࡀ࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡢᡴデࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠗேࢆฟࡍ㈉⊩࠘࡜࠸࠺せồࢆ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡉࡏࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ౑⏝ᇦ(register) ࡟࠺ࡲࡃ㐺ྜࡋࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࠉࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢ᳨ドࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࣮࣮࣋࢝኱౑ࡢࠕලయⓗ࡟⮬⾨㝲ࡢὴ㐵ࢆせồࡋࡓ࡜ࡣᛮ࠼࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࡀṇࡋ࠸࡜௬ᐃࡍࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࡢグ⪅ࡓࡕࡣᰗ஭࡜࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪࡢ఍ㄯࡢෆᐜࢆ⣽㒊ࡲ࡛ࡼࡃ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࡢព࿡ࢆྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࠊ࠶ࡾࡶࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⮬⾨㝲ࡢὴ㐵せồ࡜࠸࠺⤖ㄽ࡟⤖ࡧ௜ࡅ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾⓎヰࡢࠕࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢㄞࡳ㎸ࡳࡀୖᡭࡃ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ᝟ሗ࡜࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢఏ㐩࡛஋㞳ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝࡀస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠉࡋ࠿ࡋᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢグ⪅ࡓࡕࡣእ஺ⓗᩥ⬦ࢆṇ☜࡟ㄞࡳྲྀࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠾࠾ࡴࡡṇࡋ࠸ሗ㐨ࢆࡋࡓࠋࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆㄗヂࡋࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᒎ㛤࡟࡞ࡗࡓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⣽㒊ࡢ஦ᐇࡀ☜ᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ᩿ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ㄽࢆฟࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ఍ㄯ࡛ࡑࡢゝⴥࡣฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡶ㧗ࡃࠊẖ᪥᪂⪺ࡢグ஦ࡀグࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟“Japanesenational ag and face visible”࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡓ࡜௬ᐃࡍࢀࡤࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓ௬ㄝ࡜ྠࡌ
ㄽ⌮ࡀస⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ᝟ሗࡢὶࢀࡣ」㞧ࡔࡗࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࠊグ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ఍ㄯࡢእ
஺ⓗᩥ⬦ࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊሗ㐨࡟኱ࡁ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢࡎࢀࡣ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠉ࡞࠾ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ࠿ࡽࡣእࢀࡿࡀࠊẖ᪥᪂⪺ࡸࡑࡢ࡯࠿ᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸グ஦࡛᝟ሗ※࡜ࡋ࡚ゝཬࡉࢀࡓࠕ᪥⡿㛵ಀ➽ࠖࡣࠊࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᑐ᪥
せồࡢࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏேࡢグ᠈࡟ṧࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆぢ㉺ࡋ࡚ࠊ័⏝ⓗព࿡ࢆ▱ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠕᅜ᪝㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ࡢ୸㸧ࢆぢࡏ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ヂㄒࢆグ⪅ࡓࡕ࡟୚࠼ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࡀṧࡿࠋࠉ㸲㸬㕥ᮌ㤳┦ࠕ㯲ẅࠖⓎゝࡢሗ㐨ࠉ⫼ᬒࠉࡇࡢ⠇࡛ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㕥ᮌ㤳┦ࡀࠕ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࢆ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ࡜Ⓨゝࡋࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ௳ࡢሗ㐨ࡢ᳨ドࢆ㏻ࡌࠊ࠸࠿࡟ࡑࡋ࡚࡞ࡐ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡀᮏ᮶ពᅗࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽⓎヰࡢゎ㔘ࡀࡎࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚」ᩘࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀࡍ࡛࡟ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡀࠊࠕ୙⏝ព࡞Ⓨゝࡀㄗヂࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ഃ࡟ᣄྰ࡜ཷࡅ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࠊཎ⇿ᢞୗࡢཱྀᐇ࡜࡞ࡗ
ࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺㏻ㄝࢆྰᐃࡋࠊࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ⌮ゎࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡢࡓࡵ࡟ሗ㐨㐣⛬࡛ព࿡ࡢࡎࢀࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜⤖ㄽࡍࡿࠋฟ᮶஦ࡢ⫼ᬒࢆ⡆༢࡟グࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋࠉ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᮎᮇࡢ 1945 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࠊࢼࢳࢫ࣭ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᔂቯࢆཷࡅࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡞࡝㐃ྜᅜࡢ㤳⬻ࡀࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒࡛࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᡓᚋฎ⌮ࢆウ㆟ࡍࡿ఍ㄯࢆᣢࡕࠊᑐ᪥ᮏࡢၥ
㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶヰࡋྜࡗࡓࠋ7 ᭶ 26 ᪥ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࠊ୰ᅜࡢ୕࠿ᅜࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࠊᙉ࠸ㄪᏊ࡛᪥ᮏ࡟↓᮲௳㝆అࢆせồࡋࡓࠋእົ┬ᖿ㒊࡞࡝᪥ᮏᨻᗓ㤳⬻ࡣᐉゝࢆࡼࡃ᳨ウࡋࠊࡑࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ➨ 13 ᮲࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋ“We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrenderof all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their
good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.”( ⣽㇂௚⦅ 1999, p.10)ᰗࠉ⏣ࠉ┿ࠉ୍ࠉ7 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࡢእົ┬ᖿ㒊఍㆟࡛ࠊᯇᮏಇ୍እົḟᐁࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏᨻᗓ඲య࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ᪥ᮏ㌷㸦ᘬ⏝㒊ศࡢ all Japanese armed forces㸧ࡢ㝆అࢆಁࡋࡓࠕ᮲௳ࡘࡁࡢ↓᮲௳㝆అ່ࠖ࿌ࡔ࠿ࡽࠊཷㅙࡋ࡚ᡓதࢆ⤊⤖ࡍࡿ௨እ࡞ࡃࠊᣄྰࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡋࡓࠋᯇᮏḟᐁࡀࡑࡢ᪨ࢆᮾ㒓ⱱᚨእົ኱⮧࡟ఏ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊእ┦ࡶྠࡌពぢࡔࡗࡓࠋḟᐁࡣᙜ㠃ࡇࡢᐉゝ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᅜẸ࡟ࡣ▱ࡽࡏࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᨻᗓࡢ཯ᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㯲ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ㈼࡛᫂࠶
ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࠋᨻᗓ࡜ࡋ࡚ᙜ㠃ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶᮏᅵỴᡓࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ㌷㒊ᙉ◳ὴࢆ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚እົ┬ࡢ᪉㔪࡟ㄏᑟࡍࡿ࠿࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠉྠࡌ᪥ࠊᨻᗓ࡜㌷ࡢ㤳⬻࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ఍㆟ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊእ┦ࡣࠊࢯ㐃ࡢ௰௓ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ
࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡜ࡢ࿴ᖹ஺΅ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᨻ⟇ࢆ᪥ᮏࡀ᪤࡟㑅ᢥࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ௨ୖࠊࢯ㐃ࡢฟ᪉ࢆぢᴟࡵ࡚࠿ࡽᐉゝ࡬ࡢᥐ⨨ࢆỴࡵࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓᐉゝࢆᣄྰࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⏒኱࡞⤖ᯝࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊពᛮ⾲♧ࢆࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㛶㆟࡛ࡣእ┦࡞࡝ࡀᅜẸ࡬ࡢᐉゝࡢఏ࠼᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࠊ᪂⪺࡬ࡢⓎ⾲࡟࠶ࡓࡾᨻᗓࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࡞ࡋ࡛ࠊࡲࡓ኱ࡆࡉ࡟ྲྀࡾᢅࢃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ỵࡵࡓࠋ㸦እົ┬⦅ 1990ࠊpp.680-682㸧ᨻᗓࡀᐉゝࢆ↓どࡍࡿពྥ࡟ࡘࡁࠊグ⪅ࡢほ࡜ࡋ࡚᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡲ࡛ࡣㄆࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺᪉㔪ࡔࡗࡓࠋ㸦㮵ᓥᖹ࿴◊✲ᡤ⦅1972, p.214㸧ࠉ᪥ᮏࡢ཯ᛂ࡜ࡑࡢሗ㐨㐣⛬ࠉࡇࡢᨻᗓࡢᙜ㠃ࡢ᪉㔪ࢆཷࡅࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ᪂⪺ࡣᐉゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㡰ḟሗ㐨ࡋࡓࠋᮅ᪥᪂⪺ࡣࠊᨻᗓࡀࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ᪉㔪࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ほ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᘬ⏝ᩥ୰ࠊᪧᏐࢆࡈࡃ୍㒊ᨵࡵࡓࠋࠉࠕᖇᅧᨻᗓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ⡿ࠊⱥࠊ㔜៞୕ᅧࡢඹྠ⫆᫂࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣఱࡽ㔜኱࡞౯್࠶ࡿࡶࡢ
࡟㠀ࡎ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࢆ㯲ẅࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ᩿இᡓத᏶㐙࡟㑌㐍ࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡜ࡢỴពࢆ᭦࡟ᅛࡵ࡚ࢄࡿࠖ㸦ᮅ᪥᪂⪺ 7 ᭶ 28 ᪥㸧ࠉࠉࠉࠕ୕ᅧඹྠᐉゝ࡟ᑞࡋ࡚ࡣ୍㢳ࡶ⯆࡬ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࡦࡓࡍࡽ኱ᮾவᡓதࡢ⚄⪷࡞ࡿ┠ⓗ࡟ᚭࡋ㣬ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶᙼ➼ࡢᡓពࢆᨺᲠࡏࡋࡵࡿࡲ࡛ࡣᡓࡦᢤࡁ㡹ᙇࡾᢤࡃࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠊᨻ
ᗓࡲࡓ࠿࠿ࡿ᪉㔪࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ໚ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦ẖ᪥᪂⪺ 7 ᭶ 28 ᪥㸧ࠉࡇࡢࠕ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࠖࢆࠕ㯲ẅࠖࡋࠊࠕ୍㢳ࡶ⯅࡬࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᨻᗓࡢ᪉㔪ࢆ᪥ᮏࡢⱥᏐ⣬ Nippon Times㸦ᚋࡢ The Japan Times㸧࡜ࠉThe Mainichi㸦ᚋࡢ The Mainichi
Daily News㸧ࡣぢฟࡋ࡜ᩥ❶࡛ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲⌧ࡋࡓࠋThe Mainichi ࡢグ஦ࡣୖグᘬ⏝ࡢẖ᪥᪂⪺グ஦ࡢ⩻ヂ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ᪥ᮏࢆ Nippon ࡜グࡋᙜ᫬ࡢ㞺ᅖẼࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠉ“POTSDAM DECLARATION TO BE IGNORED IN JAPAN㸦ぢฟࡋ㸧Foreign Minister Shigenori Togo reported the contents of the joint declarationof Truman, Churchill and Chiang Kai-shek with regard to Japan at the regularCabinet meeting on July 26.
It was indicated that the Japanese Government would ignore the declaration,
whatever its nature, and say nothing on it.” (Nippon Times, July 29)ሗ㐨ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㔜せᛶ

“Enemy Issues Insolent Declaration; Nippon Pays No Attention At All㸦ぢฟࡋ㸧ࠉࠉ̿̿๓␎̿̿The only way left for Nippon is to pay no attention to thethree-power declaration, ̿̿୰␎̿̿This is, needless to say, the policy of theNippon Government.” (The Mainichi, July 29)
Nippon Times ࡣࠕ㯲ẅࠖ࡟࠶ࡓࡿືモ࡜ࡋ࡚ “ignore”ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࠊThe Mainichi ࡣ“topay no attention”ࠉ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⱥ⡿ࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡽࡀ┤᥋ࡇࢀࢆㄞࢇࡔ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ
ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ᪥ᮏࡢྠ┕㏻ಙ♫㸦ඹྠ㏻ಙ♫࡜᫬஦㏻ಙ♫ࡢ๓㌟㸧ࡀࠊNipponTimes ࡜ྠᵝ࡟᪥ᮏࡣᐉゝࢆ “ignore” ࡍࡿ᪉㔪࡜ࡢⱥᩥグ஦ࢆᾏእ࡟㓄ಙࡋࠊAP ㏻ಙࡀᘬ⏝ࡋࡓࠋࠉ“By The Associated Press
SAN FRANCISCO, July 27—The semi-ofcial Domei news agency stated today
the Allied ultimatum to surrender or meet destruction would be ignored, but ofcialresponse was awaited as Japan’s ruling war lords debated the demand.
Domei, in the rst reaction to the blunt proclamation issued by the United States,
Great Britain and China, declared in a broadcast from Tokyo it had ‘authoritatively
learned’ that Japan would reject the proposal and would ‘prosecute the war of Greater
East Asia to the bitter end.’” (The New York Times, July 28)
ࠉࡇࡢ AP ㏻ಙࡢグ஦ࡀࠊၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ㕥ᮌ㤳┦ࡢኌ᫂ࡀฟࡉࢀࡿ๓࡟ࠊྠ┕㏻ಙグ஦ࡢ“ignore”ࠉ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᘬ⏝ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ᪥ᮏࡀᐉゝࢆ “reject”ࡍࡿពྥ࡛࠶ࡿ
࡜ุ᩿ࡋ࡚ሗࡌࡓࡇ࡜࡟␃ពࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ7 ᭶ 28 ᪥ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᨻᗓ࡜㌷ࡢ᝟ሗ஺᥮
఍ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ពᛮ⾲♧ࢆࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿእ┦ࡣ௚⏝࡛Ḟᖍࡋࡓࠋ఍㆟࡛㌷ഃࡣࠊᐉゝࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ࡜㌷ࡢኈẼ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᨻᗓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࢆ↓どࡍࡿ᪨ࢆṇᘧ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࡼ࠺㕥ᮌ㤳┦࡟ᙉࡃ⏦ࡋධࢀࡓࠋ㸦እົ┬⦅ibid., p.682㸧㤳┦ࡣࡑࡢ᪥࡟グ⪅࡜఍ぢࡋࠊࠕఱࡶ⾲᫂ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪉㔪࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ㌷⤫ᖊ㒊ࡢᅽຊ࡟ࡼࡾኌ᫂ࢆฟࡋࡓࠋኌ᫂ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ሗࡌࡽࢀࡓࠋୗ࡟ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿㄞ኎ሗ▱௨እ࡟ࠊᮅ᪥ࠊẖ᪥ࡶᴟࡵ࡚ఝࡓ⾲⌧ࡢグ஦ࢆฟࡋࡓࠋ
ࠉࠉࠕၥࠉᘘ୐᪥ࡢ୕ᅧඹྠᐉゝ࡟ᑞࡍࡿ㤳┦ࡢᡤಙዴఱࠉࠉࠉ⟅ࠉ⚾ࡣ࠶ࡢඹྠ⫆᫂ࡣ࢝࢖ࣟ఍ㄯࡢ↝┤ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࡬࡚ࢄࡿࠊᨻᗓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣఱࠉࠉࠉࡽ㔜኱࡞౯್࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ⪃࡬࡞࠸ࠊࡓࡔ㯲ẅࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠊᡃࠎࡣᡓத᏶㐙࡟ࠉࠉࠉ㣬ࡃ㎾ࡶ㑌㐍ࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦ㄞ኎ሗ▱ 7 ᭶ 30 ᪥㸧ࠉࠉ“The joint declaration by Truman, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek is not worthyof attention. Nippon will completely ignore it.” (The Mainichi, July 30)ࠉࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ The Mainichi ࡣࠕ㯲ẅࠖࢆ“ignore”࡜ヂࡋࠊྠᵝ࡟ࡋࡓྠ┕㏻ಙࡢ⾲⌧ࡀࠊᰗࠉ⏣ࠉ┿ࠉ୍AP ࡸࣟ࢖ࢱ࣮࡟ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀࠊ“reject” ࡜ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋྠࡌኌ᫂ࢆྠ┕ࡢ㓄ಙグ஦࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢForeign Broadcast Intelligence Service ࡜࠸࠺⤌⧊ࡀ⩻ヂࡋࡓᩥࡀᅜົ┬ࡢࠕྜ⾗ᅜእ஺ᩥ᭩ࠖ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ㯲ẅࠖࡢ㒊ศࡣ“ignore”ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⬮ὀ࡛ࠊࡇࡢኌ᫂ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡼࡿ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࡢᣄྰ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜
᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋAP ㏻ಙグ஦࡜ྠࡌゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(Question): “What is the Premier’s view regarding the Joint Proclamation by thethree countries?”(Answer): “I believe the Joint Proclamation by the three countries is nothing buta rehash of the Cairo Declaration. As for the Government, it does not nd
any important value in it, and there is no other recourse but to ignore it entirely
and resolutely ght for the successful conclusion of this war.” (United StatesDepartment of State 1945, p.1293)
ࠉᙜ᫬ࡢෆ㛶᭩グᐁ㛗ࡔࡗࡓ㏕Ỉஂᖖ࡜እົ┬᭩グᐁࡔࡗࡓኴ⏣୕㑻ࡣࠊྠ┕ࡢ⾲⌧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡗࡁࡾㄗヂ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠉࠉࠉࠕ඲ࡃࡇࢀࡣྠ┕㏻ಙࡢヂㄒࡔࡼࠋྠ┕㏻ಙࡣࡇࢀࢆࠊࠗ࢖ࢢࣀ࢔࠘ࡗ࡚ヂࡋࡕࡷࡗࠉࠉ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗ࢖ࢢࣀ࢔࠘ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀྥࡇ࠺࡛ࣛࢪ࡛࢜ᨺ㏦ࡍࡿ᫬࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡣࠗࣜࢪ࢙ࢡ
ࠉࠉࢺ࠘࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ̿̿୰␎̿̿ࡇࡕࡽࡀࠗ㯲ẅ࠘ࡗ࡚࠸࠺᫬࡟ࠗࣀ࣮ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࠘࡜ࠊࠉࠉࡇ࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ヂࡏࡤ࡛ࡍࡡࠊ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ㸦ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ⶶࠕ㏕Ỉஂᖖᨻ἞ㄯヰ㘓㡢ࠉࠉ㏿グ㘓ࠖ㸧ࠉࠉࠉࠕ஧༑ඵ᪥ࡢグ⪅఍ぢ࡛㕥ᮌ⥲⌮ࡀࠊ͆㯲ẅ͇࡜ࡣࡗࡁࡾ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋࠉࠉࡲ࠶ࠊ⥲⌮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ͆㯲ẅ͇ࢆ͆ࣀ࣮࣭ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ͇ࡢࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠸ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࠉࠉࡇࡢ⥲⌮ㄯࢆᾏእ࡟ὶࡋࡓྠ┕㏻ಙࡣ͆࢖ࢢࣀ࢔͇㸦↓どࡍࡿ㸧࡜ヂࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋࢃࠉࠉࡓࡋࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ㄗヂࡔࡀࠊࡔࢀ࠿ࡀࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᣦ♧࡛ࡶࡋࡓࡢ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸̿̿ᚋ␎̿̿ࠖࠉࠉ㸦ኴ⏣୕㑻ㄯࠊㄞ኎᪂⪺♫⦅ 1968, p.386㸧
ࠉࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊࡼࡾ᪥ᮏㄒࡢㄒឤ࡟㏆ࡃ࠶ࡽࢃࡏࡤ“take no notice of”ࡸ
“pay no attention to” ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ◊✲♫ࡢ᪂࿴ⱥ኱㎡඾㸦➨ 5 ∧㸧ࡣ“ignore”ࠉ࡜࠸࠺ヂㄒࡶᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡶࡇࢀࡀㄗヂ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡞࠸ࡀࠊኌ᫂
࡟࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡓゝⴥࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢேࠎࡀᣢࡘ༳㇟ࢆㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㏕Ỉ࡜ኴ⏣ࡣࠊእົ┬ࡢࠕ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝཷㅙࢆ࡯ࡰỴࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᡓத⥅⥆ࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ㌷㒊࡜ࡢㄪᩚࡀࡘ࠿
ࡎࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢ࿴ᖹ௰௓ࢆᡴデࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢯ㐃ࡢฟ᪉ࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࡲ࡛ࠊఱࡢ⾲᫂ࡶࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪉㔪ࢆࡼࡃᚰᚓ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ⮬యࢆ౑ࢃࡎࠊ㤳┦ࡣࠕࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ኌ᫂ࢆࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠊ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࡳ࠼ࡿࠋࠕࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠿ࠕఱࡶពᛮ⾲᫂ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢែᗘࢆ࡜ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ேࠎ࡟࡜ࡾ “ignore”
࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠊᑐ㇟࡟ࡘ࠸ุ࡚᩿ࡍࡿࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫࢆྵࡴࡓࡵ࠿࡞ࡾᙉࡃ㡪ࡁࠊ㐪࿴ឤࡀ࠶ࡿ࡟㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㛗㇂ᕝẎࡣࠊ㕥ᮌࡀグ⪅఍ぢ࡛ࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ౑ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆሗ㐨ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㔜せᛶ␲ၥどࡋࠊ࿘㎶ࡢドゝࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ௰᫭ࡣࠊ౑ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࠕ࡯ࡰ☜ᐇࠖࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦㛗㇂ᕝ 2006, p.287; ௰ 2000, p.122㸧ᙜ᫬ࢆᅇ᝿ࡋࡓᩥ❶࡛㕥ᮌࡣࠕࠗࡇࡢᐉゝࡣ㔜どࡍࡿせ࡞ࡁࡶࡢ࡜ᛮ࠺࠘࡜ࡢព࿡ࢆ⟅ᘚࡋࡓࠖ࡜᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦㕥ᮌ1981, p.259㸧
ࠉ☜ᐇ࡞ࡢࡣࠊୖ࡟ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㤳┦ࡢ఍ぢࡼࡾࡶ๓࡟ᮅ᪥᪂⪺ࡀࠊᨻᗓࡣᐉゝࢆ㯲ẅࡍࡿពྥ࡜ࡋࠊNippon Times ࡜ྠ┕㏻ಙࡀ“ignore” ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ሗࡌࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋእົ┬㤳⬻ࡢ᪉㔪ࡣᐉゝཷㅙ࡟ഴ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊᮏᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ఱࡢබᘧኌ᫂ࡶฟ
ࡋࡓࡃࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ7 ᭶ 27 ᪥࡟ᨻᗓ㤳⬻ࡣࠊᐉゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊࠕ᪂⪺ࡢほ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᨻᗓࡣᐉゝࢆ↓どࡍࡿពྥࠖ࡜ᑠࡉࡃሗࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡣㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᨻᗓ㤳⬻ࡽࡣࠊሗ㐨ࡢὶࢀࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟᪥ᮏㄒࡀⱥヂࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟⏕ࡌࡿゝⴥࡢ༳㇟ࡢࡎࢀ࡟ࡣ⪃࠼ࡀཬࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࠉグ⪅఍ぢ࡞࡝࡛Ⓨゝ⪅ࡢゝⴥࡢព࿡ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸ሙྜࡸࡓ࡝ࡓ࡝ࡋ࠸⾲⌧ࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡓ
ሙྜࠊ㏻ᖖグ⪅ࡓࡕࡣࡼࡾࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋࡓ⾲⌧ࢆዲࡴࠋࠕᨻᗓࡣᐉゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⾲᫂ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸᪉㔪ࠖ࡞࡝࡜᭩ࡃࡼࡾࠊᮅ᪥ࡸẖ᪥ࡢሗ㐨ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖࠕ୍㢳ࡶ⯅࡬࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡍࡿ᪉ࡀグ஦ࡢ⾲⌧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾே㛫ࡢゝⴥࡸ⤌⧊ࡢែᗘࢆሗࡌࡿ࡜ࡁࠊ
ࡼࡾලయⓗ࡛ㄞ⪅ࢆࡦࡁࡘࡅࡿ⾲⌧࡬࡜ྥ࠿࠺ഴྥࡀሗ㐨࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㤳┦ࡀグ⪅఍ぢ࡛࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅゝ࠸ࠊ㯲ẅ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠿ࠕ┦ᡭ࡟ࡏࡎࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪥ᮏㄒ⾲⌧ࢆグ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ౑ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢὶࢀࢆ⡆༢࡟ᢳ㇟໬ࡋ࡚ᅗ♧ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋᕥ࠿ࡽྑ࡬࡜ᑐ㇟㸦࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝ㸧࡬ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡀලయⓗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋ
ᅗ 4: 㸯ࠉ᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࣭እົ┬ࡢពᅗࠉࠉ᪥ᮏࡢሗ㐨グ஦ࡢ⾲⌧ࠉࠉ᪥ᮏㄒグ஦ࡢⱥヂ⾲⌧ࠉࠉࠉ ࠉࠉᐉゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⾲᫂ࡋ࡞࠸ࠉЍࠉࠉࠉ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠉࠉࠉࠉЍࠉࠉࠉignoreࠉᕥ࠿ࡽྑ࡬⾜ࡃ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ᑐ㇟࡬ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡀࡼࡾලయⓗ࡜࡞ࡿࡇࡢὶࢀࡣࠊ㛗ࡃⱥᏐ᪂⪺࡛ാ࠸ࡓ➹⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚୙ᛮ㆟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢグ஦ࢆⱥㄒ࡟ヂࡋࠊⱥㄒࡢࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣦ࣭ࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝࡟ಟṇࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺㐣⛬࡛ࠊࡇࡢഴྥࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡢࢆ➹⪅ࡣᐇ࡟ከࡃ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࠋࠉࡇࡢᐇ㝿࡟࡞ࡉࢀࡓሗ㐨⾲⌧ࡣࠊ⩻ヂ⌮ㄽ◊✲⪅ࡢ Anthony Pym ࡀ࠸࠺ࠕ᪉ྥⓗ➼౯ࠖ㸦directional equivalence㸧ࡢഴྥࢆᣢࡘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉ྥ࡬ࡢ➼౯࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࠋ㸦Pym 2010, pp 25-30㸧ࡑࡢ≉ᚩࢆୖࡢᅗࡢ౛࡛ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊᕥ࠿ࡽྑ࡬ࡢὶࢀ࡛ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ➼౯ࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྑ࠿ࡽᕥ࡬࡜㏫᪉ྥ࡬ゝ࠸᥮࠼࣭⩻ヂࢆࡋࡓሙྜࠊඖ࡟ࡣᡠࡾ࡟
ࡃ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪥ᮏㄒࡢືモࢆ௚ࡢゝⴥ࡛ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࠕ⾲᫂ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡣᙅࡃ㡪ࡃࠋࡉࡽ࡟“ignore”ࠉ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࢆ᪥
ᮏㄒ࡬࡜ヂࡋ㏉ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ᭱ึ࡟ฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡣࡸࡣࡾࠕ↓どࡍࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠉ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊሗ㐨㐣⛬࡛ࡼࡾලయⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࠊⱝᖸࡢព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺ
ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋྠ┕㏻ಙ㸦ࡑࡋ࡚Nippon Times ࡜ The Mainichi ࡶ㸧ࡀᨻᗓࡢ཯
ᛂࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚“ignore”ࢆ౑ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ⾲⌧ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࡟ࡣࠕ↓どࡍࡿពྥࢆほ࡜ࡋ࡚᭩ࡃࡢࡣⰋ࠸ࠖ࡜ㄆࡵࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠉࡇࡢ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼࡜⩻ヂ࡛ࡼࡾලయⓗ࡞ゝⴥࢆ౑࠺ഴྥ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ᪂⪺ࡀᡓព᪸ᥭࡢ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔
࡜໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ≉Ṧ஦᝟ࡶ⪃៖ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ᫬ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ᪂⪺グ஦ࡣࠊᩛ࡛࠶ࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝
࡜࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ㎞ࡽࡘ࡞ゝⴥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୧ᅜࡢ㝆అ່࿌ᰗࠉ⏣ࠉ┿ࠉ୍࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ㯲ẅࠖ࡞࡝㎞ࡽࡘ࡞⾲⌧ࢆ౑࠺ࡢࡀࡴࡋࢁ⮬↛࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠉࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡸ⩻ヂࡢ㐣⛬࡛⾲⌧ࡀࡼࡾලయᛶࡢᙉ࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀ࡜
ྠᵝࡢὶࢀ࡛ࠊྠ┕㏻ಙࡢ౑ࡗࡓ “ignore” ࡜࠸࠺ືモࡀ “reject” ࡜࠸࠺ AP ㏻ಙ࡞࡝ࡢ
⾲⌧ࢆㄏⓎࡋࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ௰ࡣ“ignore” ࡜࠸࠺ືモࡀἲᘐ࡟࠾࠸࡚㉳ッ≧ࢆࠕ༷ୗࠖ
ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡆࠊ“ignore” ࠿ࡽ “reject”࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦௰ibid., p.131㸧ࡑࡢどⅬࡶྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ“ignore”࡜“reject” ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣࡸࡣࡾ୍ᐃࡢព࿡ࡢ㣕㌍ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸦㛗㇂ᕝibid., p.288㸧ࡑࡇ࡛࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢグ⪅ࡽࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶྠ┕ࡢఏ࠼ࡓ“ignore” ࡜࠸࠺୍ゝࡢࡳࢆゎ㔘ࡋ࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏࡣᐉゝࢆᣄྰࡍࡿࠖ࡜᭩࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡢ⾜Ⅽࡑࡢࡶࡢࠊࡘࡲࡾᙜ㠃ࡣᐉゝࢆၥ㢟࡟ࡏࡎ࡜࠸࠺ែᗘ⮬యࢆࠕᣄྰࠖ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓ࡜➹⪅ࡣ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ⌧࡟㤳┦ࡢ఍ぢࢆሗࡌࡓࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡ࣭ࢱ࢖࣒ࢬࡢグ஦ࡣࠊࠕ㯲ẅࠖ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ㒊ศࢆྠ┕ࡢ “ignore”࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡼࡾ᪥
ᮏㄒࡢㄒឤ࡟㏆࠸“take no notice of”ࠉ࡜ࡋࡓヂࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊᐉゝࢆබᘧ࡟ᣄྰࡋ
ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
“Premier Kantaro Suzuki of Japan has put the ofcial Japanese stamp of rejection
on the surrender ultimatum issued to Japan by the United States, Great Britain
and China, declaring that ‘so far as the Imperial Government of Japan is concerned
it will take no notice of this proclamation.’” (The New York Times, July 30)ࠉゝⴥ࡛ࡶࡗ࡚࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࢆᣄ⤯ࡋࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊᙜ㠃㏉⟅ࢆ᥍࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ែᗘ⮬యࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᣄྰ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋࡓࠊ࡜࠸࠺ゎ㔘ࡢ୍ࡘࡢ㘽ࡣྠᐉゝࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ㝆అ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࢆࡇࢀ࠿ࡽㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡓ➨㸳᮲࡟࠶ࡿ࡜➹⪅ࡣ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ࠉ“Following are our terms. We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives.
We shall brook no delay.”( ⣽㇂௚⦅ibid., p.10)
ࠉୗ⥺ࢆ௜ࡋࡓᩥࢆᙉࡃゎ㔘ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࠕ᫬㛫✌ࡂࡣチࡉ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ኌ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㤳┦ࡸ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡀᐉゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡟ࠕᣄྰࡍࡿࠖ࡜ࡣゝࢃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊᙜ㠃ၥ㢟࡜ࡏࡎ࡟࠸ࡿែᗘࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆࠕᣄྰࠖ࡟ᙜࡓࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ஬ⓒ᪝㢌┿ࡣࠊ㐃ྜᅜഃࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡋᐉゝཷㅙࢆ༶ᗙ࡟せồࡋࡓ᫬㛫ࡢせ⣲࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚ࠕᙜ᫬ࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡀࡇࢀࢆཷㅙࡍࡿỴᐃࢆ࡞ࡋᚓ࡞࠸஦᝟࡟࠶ࡗࡓ௨ୖࠊእ㟁ࡀࠗ↓ど࠘ࡢヂ࡛ࠗᣄྰ࠘ࡢពྥ࡜ఏ࠼ࡓࡢࡣࠊㄗࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ஧㐌㛫௨ෆ࡟࢖࢚ࢫࡢ㏉஦ࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࣀ࣮࡜ゎࡍࡿࡢࡀᅜ㝿័⾜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠖ㸦஬ⓒ᪝㢌 2005, pp.150-1㸧࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠉAP ㏻ಙࡸࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡ࣭ࢱ࢖࣒ࢬࡢグ஦ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ“ignore”࡜“take no notice of”࠸࠺㒊ศࡢࡳࢆࡶࡗ࡚᪥ᮏࡣᐉゝཷㅙࢆᣄྰࡋࡓ࡜⤖ㄽࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸ࢖ࢠ
ࣜࢫࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽྠ┕ࡢグ஦඲యࡸ㤳┦ࡢⓎゝࡢᩥ⬦ࢆ᫂☜໬ (contextual disambiguation㸧ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡢഃ࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊࡋ࡚࡯ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ᩥ⬦⌮ゎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࠉࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࡢ↓᮲௳㝆అ່࿌ࢆࡵࡄࡾሗ㐨ࡢゝⴥࡢព࿡ࡀᚎࠎ࡟ࡎࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ୍ࡘࡢゝⴥࡢㄗヂ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐉゝࢆཷㅙࡋࡓ࠸ࡀ㌷㒊ࡢ཯ᑐࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ௰௓⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢯ㐃ࡢฟ᪉ࢆぢᴟࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺᪉㔪ࢆ࡜ࡗࡓ᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࣭እົ┬ࡀࡑࢀࢆ᫂☜࡟ఏሗ㐨ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㔜せᛶ㐩࡛ࡁ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㤳┦࡜እົ┬ᖿ㒊ࡽࡣࠊ㌷㒊ࡢᙉ࠸ᡓத⥅⥆ࡢពᚿࢆ๓࡟ࠕᐉゝࢆཷㅙࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ㄪᩚ୰࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ኌ᫂࡞࡝ฟࡏࡿ≧ែ࡟ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࠉ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡢ࠾࠿ࢀࡓ≧ἣࢆぢ㉺ࡋ࡚Ṕྐᐙࡢ J. Samuel Walker ࡣࠊ㤳┦ࡀࠕᐉゝཷㅙ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウ୰࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺᰿ᣐࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖⅬ࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢែᗘࢆᐉゝࡢᣄྰ࡜ཷࡅ࡜ࡵࡓཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
“Premier Suzuki, under growing pressure from the military to utterly reject thedemands of the declaration, gave no reason to think that the Japanese wereconsidering accepting it. ̿̿୰␎̿̿ The U.S. government, therefore, could
hardly have interpreted the Japanese response as anything but an outright and,indeed, contemptuous rejection of the terms of the Potsdam Declaration.” (Walker1997, p.73)
ࠉࡇࢀ࡜ࡣ㏫࡟ࠊᙜ᫬ࠕ᪥ᮏࡣᐉゝཷㅙ࡟ྥࡅ᳨࡚ウ୰࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡼࡃ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓேࠎࠊࡘࡲࡾ㏕Ỉࡸኴ⏣࡞࡝ᨻᗓ୰ᯡ࡟࠸ࡓேࠎࡣࠊሗ㐨ࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟ྠ┕㏻ಙࡢグ஦ࡣࠕ஦ᐇ࡜ࡣ㐪࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺༳㇟ࢆᣢࡕࠊࠕㄗヂࠖࡔࡗࡓ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡀࠕᐉゝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ఱࡶ⾲᫂ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪉㔪ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࠕ㏆࠸ᑗ᮶ࡢཷㅙ࡟ྥࡅ᳨࡚ウ୰ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝእࡢព࿡࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ཷࡅ࡜ࡵ࡚࡯ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜௬ᐃࡋࠊⓎヰࡢ≧ἣࢆᐃᘧ໬ࡍࡿ࡜ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࠉ᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࣭እົ┬ࡢែᗘ㸻ఱࡶ⾲᫂ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࠉ⫼ᬒ㸦ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ㸧㸻࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝཷㅙ࡟ྥࡅ᳨࡚ウ୰ࡔࡀࠊ㌷ࡢᅽຊ࡛᫂ゝ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࠉࡑࡢྵពࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ= 㐃ྜᅜ࡟ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋᚅࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠋࠉࡇࡢ᮲௳ࡢ୰࡛㤳┦ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡀࠕᡓத᏶㐙࡟㣬ࡃ㎾ࡶ㑌㐍ࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨゝࢆࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ୍ゝࡣࠕᐉゝཷㅙ࡟ྥࡅ᳨࡚ウ୰ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ᏶඲࡟ᡴࡕᾘࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࢀࡽࡢⓎゝࡣࠊ୙⏝ព࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࠊ㌷ࡢᅽຊ࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋࠉ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢሗ㐨࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⌮ゎ࡜ࡣ཯ᑐ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡢእ஺බ㟁࡞࡝ࢆഐཷゎㄞࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡢ⨨࠿ࢀࡓ≧ἣ࡜ෆ᝟࡟ヲࡋ࠸⡿㌷ㅁሗᶵ㛵ࡣࠊ㤳┦ࡢゝⴥࡸᨻᗓࡢែᗘࢆᚲࡎࡋࡶᐉゝཷㅙࡢᣄྰ࡜ࡣゎ㔘ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ(Hellegers 2001, pp. 136-7)
ࠉࡇࢀࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢኻᩋ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍ࡘࡢゝⴥࡢ㑅ᢥࡢኻᩋ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㤳┦ࡸ᪥ᮏࡢሗ㐨ᶵ㛵ࡀࠕ㯲ẅࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠿ “ignore” ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ౑ࢃࡎࠊࠕࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡏࡎࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙜึࡢእົ┬ࡢពᅗࡋࡓ⥺࡛㏻ࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢែᗘࡣࠕᐉゝࡢᣄྰࠖ࡜ཷࡅ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠕ㤳┦ࡀ㯲ẅ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆⓎࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊࡑࢀࡀ↓どࠊᣄྰ࡜ㄗヂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ཎ⇿ࡢᢞୗ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺㏻ㄝࡣྰ
ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝ࡟┤㠃ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏࡀཎ⇿ࡢᢞୗࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᢞୗ௨๓࡟ᐉゝࡢཷㅙࢆ㐃ྜᅜ࡟ఏ࠼ࡿࡋ࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᑠᇼ᱇୍㑻ࡣྠᵝࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᘬࡁฟࡋࠊࠕࡇࡢᐉゝࢆཷㅙࡢ⏝ពࡀ࠶ࡿࠊཷㅙࡍ࡭ࡃ᳨ウ୰࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜࡛ࡶゝࡣ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ഃࡢゎ㔘ࡀ࠶ࡢᵝ࡞ᙧ࡛ฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣỴࡲࡗ࡚ࢄࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦ᑠᇼ 1982, p.216㸧ࠉᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠕࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢㄞࡳ㎸ࡳࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜ࠊ᝟ሗ࡜࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᰗࠉ⏣ࠉ┿ࠉ୍ࡢఏ㐩࡛஋㞳ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࠿ࡽࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤖ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࠉ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࡢ㝆అ່࿌࡟┤㠃ࡋࡓ㝿ࠊእົ┬ෆ࡛ࡣཷㅙࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ពᛮ⤫୍ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᚭᗏᢠᡓ࡜ᐉゝࡢᣄྰࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ㌷㒊࡜ࡢㄪᩚࡀࡘ࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᪉㔪ࡣࠕࢯ㐃ࡢฟ᪉ࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࡲ࡛ᚅࡘࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏࡢグ⪅ࡽࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨻᗓࡢᅔ㞴࡞≧ἣࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᚾᗘ࡛ࡁࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀࠊグ஦సᡂ㐣⛬࡛࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡞⾲⌧ࢆ᤼㝖ࡋࠊእົ┬࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ౑ࡗ࡚࡯ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࠕ㯲ẅࠖࡸ“ignore”ࠉ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ౑ࡗࡓࠋ㐃ྜᅜ㤳⬻ࡸ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢグ⪅ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ⾲⌧ࡀ┤᥋࡟ᐉゝࡢࠕᣄྰࠖࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓேࡀ࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠕᙜ㠃ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁཷㅙࢆ᫂ゝࡋ࡞࠸ࠖࡅࢀ࡝ࠕཷㅙࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ᪥ᮏഃࡀఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࠕᣄྰࠖ࡜ཷࡅ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠕࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ⌮ゎ࡜཯ẚ౛ࡋ࡚᝟ሗࡢ஋㞳ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝࡣᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠉᐉゝࡢཷㅙࢆඛ࡟ࡢࡤࡍ࡜࠸࠺᪉㔪ࡀᣄྰ࡜ཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ8 ᭶ 6 ᪥ࡢᗈᓥ࡬ࡢཎ⇿ᢞୗᚋࠊࠕ᪥ᮏࡀᐉゝཷㅙࢆᣄྰࡋࡓࠖࡓࡵཎ⇿ࢆᢞୗࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ኌ᫂ࢆࣁ࣮࣭ࣜS࣭ࢺ࣮࣐ࣝࣥ኱⤫㡿ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᝒ๻ࡢཎᅉࢆࠊ㤳┦ࡢኌ᫂ࡀ࠺࠿ࡘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠿ࠊྠ
┕㏻ಙࡢヂㄒࡀ୙㐺ษ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺⾲ᒙⓗ࡞ฟ᮶஦࡟ồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡀ
ᐉゝཷㅙࢆ᫂ゝ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠊࡘࡲࡾእົ┬ࡀ㌷㒊ࢆㄝᚓࡋ࡚ࡍࡳࡸ࠿࡟
ᡓதࢆ⤊⤖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୙ྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓ≧ἣࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓᙜ᫬ࡢ᪥ᮏᨻ἞ࡢ₻ὶࡇࡑࡀ୺せ࡞ཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㸳㸬 ࡴࡍࡧࠉࠕࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢨ࣭ࣇࣛࢵࢢࠖࡢሗ㐨᳨ド࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊグ⪅ࡓࡕࡣゝⴥࡀⓎࡏࡽࢀࡓᩥ⬦ࢆㄞࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪఏ㐩࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࢩࣇࢺࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⤖ㄽࡋࡓࠋ཯ᑐ࡟ࠕ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࠖࡢཷㅙࢆࡵࡄࡿሗ㐨㐣⛬࡛᪥ᮏഃࡢពᅗࡀḟ➨࡟ࡎࢀࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ᣄྰ࡜ཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀࡓཎᅉࡣࠊ⩻ヂ࣑ࢫ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾពᅗࢆ༑ศ࡟ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ᨻ἞ⓗࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࡜๓⠇࡛⤖ㄽࡋࡓࠋྠࡌࡃࠕᙜึࡢពᅗࠖ࠿ࡽࡎࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⩻ヂ⾲⌧ࢆ➹⪅ࡢ⤒㦂࠿ࡽ⤂௓ࡋ࡚ࡴࡍࡧࡢゝⴥ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ኱ࡁ࡞ព࿡ࡢࡎࢀࢆ஦๓࡟Ⓨぢࡋࡓࡓࡵࡑࢀ
⮬యࡣⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡎࠊάᏐ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣṧࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ➹⪅ࡢ༳㇟ࡣ㩭࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋࠉ▼ཎៅኴ㑻ᮾி㒔▱஦ࡀㄌ⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ 1999 ᖺࡢ㒔▱஦㑅ᣲࢆ┠๓࡟ࡋࡓ㡭ࠊ❧ೃ⿵ࢆྲྀࡾࡊࡓࡉࢀࡓⴭྡேࡓࡕࡢືྥࢆሗ㐨ࡋࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡓ➹⪅ࡣࠊⱥᏐ᪂⪺ࡢ⫋ሙ୍࡛ேࡢ᪥ᮏேグ⪅࡟㛵㐃᪥ᮏㄒグ஦ࡢⱥヂࢆ㢗ࢇࡔࠋࡑࡢ᪥ᮏㄒグ஦࡟ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿே≀ࡀࡲࡔ❧ೃ⿵ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠕฟ㤿ࢆྰᐃࡣࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏேグ⪅ࡢ⩻ヂཎ✏ࡣࡑࡢⅬࢆᛅᐇ࡟ヂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⩻ヂཎ✏ࢆࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡍࡿࡼ࠺ⱥㄒࡢࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣦ࣭ࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝࡟㢗ࢇࡔ࡜ࡇࢁࠊಟṇࡉࢀࡓᩥ❶ࢆࡳ࡚➹⪅ࡣ㦫࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢே≀ࡀࠕ❧ೃ⿵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⫯ᐃࡋࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡍࡄ࡟ಟṇࢆࡋࡓࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣦ࣭ࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝࡟㉁ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࠕ❧ೃ⿵ࢆྰᐃࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ❧ೃ⿵ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠖ࡜ᙼࡣ⟅࠼ࡓࠋࠉࡇࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ព࿡ࡢྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓ୺࡞ཎᅉࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃಟṇ๓ࡢ⩻ヂグ஦ࡀⓎゝࡢࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ༑ศ࡟ྵࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜヱࡢே≀ࡣࠕ❧ೃ⿵ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡲࡔỴᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠿ࠊࠕ❧ೃ⿵ᒆฟࡲ࡛ࡲࡔ᫬㛫ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺඲య᝟ሗࡀᩥ୰࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜㏫ࡢព࿡࡟ಟṇࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋሗ㐨ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿព࿡ࡢࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㔜せᛶࠉே㛫ࡢ᭩ࡃᩥ❶ࠊ≉࡟᪂⪺ࡢሗ㐨グ஦ࡣࠊከࡃࡢሙྜ↓ព㆑࡟୍ᐃࡢㄞ⪅ᒙ࡟ྥࡅ࡚᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢሗ㐨࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢࡳゝ࠼ࡤࠊᑐ㇟ࡣ୺࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏ࡛ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࢆゎࡍࡿேࠎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒࢆゎࡍࡿேࠎࡣࠊಶேᕪࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࡢሗ㐨࡟ᐃᮇⓗ࡟᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ᪥ᮏㄒࡢሗ㐨グ஦ࡢከࡃࡣࠊ᪥ࠎሗ㐨࡟᥋ࡍࡿㄞ⪅ࡀࠊሗ㐨ࡉࢀࡓ஦ᐇࢆ኱➽࡛グ᠈ࡋࠊฟ᮶஦ࡢࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡟ࡋ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࡦ࡜ࡓࡧሗ㐨࡟ゝㄒ㛫⩻ヂ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀධࡿ࡜ࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺゝㄒࡢ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢚ࣥࢫࡢከࡃࡣࠊ๓ᥦࡉࢀࡓグ᠈ࡸฟ᮶஦ࡢࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ᪥
ᮏ࡟ఫࢇ࡛᪥ᮏㄒࢆゎࡍࡿㄞ⪅࡜ඹ᭷ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢⅬࢆࡼࡃ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ᩥ❶ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⩻ヂసᴗ࡛᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞௙஦ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩᪂⪺グ஦ࡣࠊᙜヱࡢ᪂⪺ࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡜᪥௜ࢆᮏᩥ୰࡟グࡋࡓࠋ஬ⓒ᪝㢌┿㸦2005㸧ࠗ᪥⡿ᡓத࡜ᡓᚋ᪥ᮏ࠘ᮾி㸸ㅮㄯ♫஬ⓒ᪝㢌┿࣭ఀ⸨ඖ㔜࣭⸆ᖌᑎඞ⾜⦅㸦2007㸧ࠗ90 ᖺ௦ࡢドゝࠉእ஺⃭ኚࠉඖእົ┬஦ົḟᐁࠉᰗ஭ಇ஧࠘ᮾி㸸ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫እົ┬⦅㸦1990㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏࡢ㑅ᢥࠉ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ⤊ᡓྐ㘓࠘୰ᕳࠊᮾி㸸ᒣᡭ᭩ᡣ᪂♫㮵ᓥᖹ࿴◊✲ᡤ⦅㸦1972㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏእ஺ྐ࣭➨ 25 ᕳࠉ኱ᮾளᡓத࣭⤊ᡓእ஺࠘ᮾி㸸㮵ᓥ◊✲ᡤฟ∧఍ᑠᇼ᱇୍㑻(1982)ࠗᐓ┦ࠉ㕥ᮌ㈏ኴ㑻࠘ᮾி㸸ᩥ⸤᫓⛅㏕Ỉஂᖖࠗ㏕Ỉஂᖖᨻ἞ㄯヰ㘓㡢㏿グ㘓ࠉ➨㸯ᅇ࠘㸦1969 ᖺ࡟ᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓㄯヰࡢ㘓㡢࡜㏿グࠋ1999 ᖺ 11 ᭶ࡼࡾྠᅗ᭩㤋࡛㜀ぴྍ⬟㸧㕥ᮌ㈏ኴ㑻(1981)ࠕ⤊ᡓࡢ⾲᝟ࠖࠗ᪥ᮏேࡢ⮬ఏ 12࠘ᮾி㸸ᖹซ♫௰᫭㸦2000㸧ࠗ㯲ẅ㸸࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࡢ┿ᐇ࡜᪥ᮏࡢ㐠࿨࠘ୗᕳࠊᮾி㸸᪥ᮏᨺ㏦ฟ∧༠఍㛗㇂ᕝẎ㸦2006㸧ࠗᬯ㜚㸸ࢫࢱ࣮ࣜࣥࠊࢺ࣮࣐ࣝࣥ࡜᪥ᮏ㝆అ࠘ᮾி㸸୰ኸබㄽ᪂♫ஂỤ㞞ᙪ㸦2002㸧ࠗ9࣭11 ࡜᪥ᮏእ஺࠘ᮾி㸸ㅮㄯ♫⣽㇂༓༤࣭᭷㈡㈆࣭▼஭ಟ࣭బࠎᮌ༟ஓ⦅ࠗ᪥⡿㛵ಀ㈨ᩱ㞟ࠉ1945̿97࠘㸦1999㸧ᮾி㸸ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍ㄞ኎᪂⪺♫⦅㸦1968㸧ࠗ᫛࿴ྐࡢኳⓚ࠘➨ 3 ᕳࠊᮾி㸸ㄞ኎᪂⪺♫Baker, Mona (1992) In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation.
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