1San Francisco General Hospital

AIDS WARD 5B/5A ARCHIVES
1983-2003

Collection number: SFH 12

San Francisco History Center
San Francisco Public Library
2003

2

THE FIRST AIDS WARD
On July 25,1983, here on Ward 5B, a group of caregivers gathered to confront
a new epidemic: AIDS. They created a haven of acceptance and compassion at atime when others were calling for isolation and rejection. They saw fellow humanbeings where others saw only disease and contagion. Together with a generous,
loving volunteer community, they developed a world-renowned center of excellence
dedicated to quality of care for the living and the dying. This plaquecommemorates all who served here and remembers all who died.
July 2003--Wording for plaque placed at entrance to 5B for the 20th anniversary.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introductionp. 4

Organizational History

p. 6

Scope and Contents

p. 7

Arrangement

p. 7

Series Descriptions

p. 8

Container Listingp. 10

Appendix A

p. 19

4

INTRODUCTION
Provenance
Gift from the AIDS Ward at San Francisco General Hospital, c/o Gillian Otway, Head
Nurse, May 31, 2002, Accession number 2002-44.
Access
The collection is open for research. Please call the San Francisco History Center for hours
and information at 415-557-4567.
Publication Rights
Copyright has been assigned to the San Francisco Public Library. All requests for
permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the City
Archivist. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the San Francisco Public
Library as the owner of the physical items and the copyright.
Collection number
SFH 12Size
10 vols., 12 boxes, 2 cartons, 1 flat box (13.6 cu. ft.)
Processed by
C. Stephen Keith, R.N.
Date Completed
July 2003
Finding Aid Revised by
Wendy Kramer

5
Date Revised
Dec. 2008
Languages Represented
Collection materials are in English.
Physical Location
The collection is stored onsite.
Repository
San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library, 100 Larkin Street, San
Francisco, CA 94102, 415.557.4567.

Preferred Citation[Identification of item], San Francisco General Hospital AIDS Ward 5B/5A Archives,
1983-2003 (SFH 12), San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library, San
Francisco, CA.
Related Materials
Researchers are encouraged to view the following related books:
Ronald Bayer and Gerald M. Oppenheimer. AIDS Doctors: Voices from the Epidemic(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
Carol Pogash. As Real as it Gets (New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1992).
Randy Shilts, And The Band Played On (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987).

6

ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
5B - The First AIDS Ward
Ward 5B at San Francisco General Hospital opened on July 25, 1983, as the new staff
moved equipment into an area that had previously been used as residents’ sleeping quarters. The
next day, the first few patients were transferred from other units. They included both AIDS andhospice patients.
Prior to the opening of 5B, most AIDS patients were treated on wards 5C and 5D, whichwere general medical units. Throughout 1982, as the numbers of patients began to rise and thelevel of fear about the contagiousness of this new disease began to rise- - both in the generalpublic and in hospital staff- - a decision was made by the Nursing Department, the Departmentof Medicine, and hospital administration to open a separate, special-care unit for the treatmentof AIDS and hospice patients.
Notices were posted throughout the hospital in early 1983 soliciting interested staff.
Interviews were held in the spring. Eleven nurses and two unit clerks were selected by Cliff
Morrison, a former Clinical Nurse Specialist in psychiatry, who was the first nurse manager.
From the beginning, psychological support of patients, friends, and families was includedin the treatment plan with the help of three counselors on staff through a grant to the Shantiorganization. A hospital psychiatrist facilitated regular staff support groups.
Social workers, dieticians, physical and occupational therapists, and chaplains were
included in the interdisciplinary team that provided care.

5A
With the number of AIDS cases in San Francisco rising dramatically, 5B (with only 12 beds)
was deemed inadequate and, on January 17, 1986, the hospital moved its AIDS ward to the 20bed 5A. At the height of the epidemic (late 80s - early 90s) there were often as many patientswith AIDS off of 5A as there were patients on the ward, all waiting for available beds.
Throughout this period, 5A remained the preeminent center of excellence in AIDS care in
the country, recognized in the U.S. News and World Report “Best Hospitals” issues 1991-1997.
Visitors, students, and the media were welcomed as others tried to implement the “San Franciscomodel” in their areas.
5B/5A was self-labeled a “ward without walls,” inviting community groups to help furnish amore comfortable space. A large group of loving volunteers provided weekly assistance for thestaff and patients. Actors and politicians came by to show their concern. Mother Theresa’s
signature is probably the most cherished in the ward’s guestbook.

7
In the mid-90s, with protease inhibitors reducing the numbers of AIDS inpatients, 5A had
empty beds. Because the staff had already been treating AIDS-related cancers, a decision wasmade to open the ward to the treatment of other oncology patients. By 2002, the number of AIDS
inpatients had dropped to the point where the average census of 5A was 1/3 AIDS patients, 1/3
oncology patients, and 1/3 general medical patients from the emergency room. On the day of theward’s 20th anniversary there were 4 patients with HIV on 5A.

SCOPE AND CONTENTThis collection documents memorabilia collected by the nursing staff of AIDS wards 5B/5A
at San Francisco General Hospital from 1983 to 2003. Current materials continue to be collectedby staff and are periodically added to this collection.
This archive reflects the evolution of thought that the nurses put into the saving of their
history. It starts with what quickly became a tattered old , red scrapbook and became thecollection that you see documented in these pages. Because the culture of 5B/5A was created by
the nurses, this archive reflects what was primarily of interest to them. Therefore, thecontributions of the Shanti counselors, social workers, chaplains, and others get brief mention.
Their archives are yet to be collected. The remarkable contributions of the many volunteers over
the years are documented well because their program was created and overseen by the nursing
staff.
Strongly represented in the photo collection are the public events and celebrations that staff
and volunteers were part of -- parades, union demonstrations, holiday parties, nursing awards
dinners, etc. There are several photo groups by professionals who came to the ward andphotographed staff and patients.
The written records are strongest in the day-to-day details of communication books and themonthly concerns of staff meetings. Extensive Head Nurse files were primarily saved by the
first three nurse managers.
George Jalbert, Bill Walker, and Steve Keith organized the early 5B/5A archives. After
Walker’s departure, Steve Keith and Adrienne Kernan were primary contributors to the photoarchive and Steve became Nurse/Archivist for the ward.

ARRANGEMENT NOTEThis material has been arranged into six series: Scrapbooks, Communication Books, Head
Nurse Files, Correspondence, Videotapes, and Publications/Articles.

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SERIES DESCRIPTIONS
Series 1:

SCRAPBOOKS
11 Volumes

Arranged chronologically.
This series represents the heart of the first AIDS ward, while the communication books, staff
meeting minutes, and head nurse files may represent the brains. In these photos, letters, articles,
and drawings, we can get a visual sense of important moments in the life of 5B/5A. This seriesalso shows a recognition by the staff that their contribution to medical/nursing history needed to
be documented and preserved.
Volume 1 was begun by George Jalbert, a member of the original staff who solicited the red
scrapbook as a donation from Mendel’s Art Supply in the Haight. From the first week, heencouraged the staff to write names of patients who died in the front of this book along withcomments about them. One of the most moving parts of this collection is the necrology that fills
the beginning pages of this book. After several years of use, this scrapbook was retired because it
was starting to show significant wear. The necrology was transferred to separate books and thattradition continues to this day. A local bookbinder donated the recovering of the book in theearly 90s.
Volumes 2 - 11 represent a heightened awareness of archival preservation needs brought to thestaff by Bill Walker, a nurse, archivist, historian, and librarian who joined the staff in the 80s.
Housed in archival-quality, individually-boxed albums, they were assembled by Walker andSteve Keith, one of the original nurses, from a central photo/archive box that was kept on theward.
Volume 11 remains on 5A and is periodically updated.
Series 2:

COMMUNICATION BOOKS
16 Volumes

Arranged chronologically into four subjects: Nursing, Volunteers, Interdisciplinary, andNursing/AIDS Consult Team.
This series, more than any other, reveals the day-to-day life of the ward. These books were used
to pass messages to other staff or volunteers. They record thoughts, feelings, changes in policy,
heartfelt moments, and angry tirades. They chronicle births, deaths, weddings, babies, as well as
frustrations over administrative mandates and the bedside commode that never got emptied.

9
Series 3:

HEAD NURSE FILES
118 Folders

Arranged by subject alphabetically.
Most of these folders were saved and labeled by the first 3 nurse managers: Cliff Morrison,
Alison Moed, and Diane Jones. Several of the folders were grouped and labeled by Steve Keith,
the nurse/archivist who organized this collection, from loose material in the archive box on theward.
Of note are folders #70-77. The minutes of nursing staff meetings give a topical overview of theitems of most concern to the group in these monthly sessions.
Folders #115 - 118 document the strong volunteer program that was created on 5B/5A.
Series 4:

CORRESPONDENCE
22 Folders

Arranged in 2 groups: Correspondence from Patients, Families, and Friends; and General
Correspondence.
The 6 folders from patients, families, and friends are an outpouring of gratitude for the carereceived by them and their loved ones. They document the many lives that were changed as aresult of passing through 5B/5A.
The General Correspondence folders represent the ripple effect of 5B/5A as visitors, students,
elected officials, and media from around the world came to see “the San Francisco model.”The last 4 folders document the response to 2 major media pieces: Rita Rockett in a 1987 People
magazine article and 5A nurses in a 60 Minutes segment in 1990.
Series 5:

VIDEOTAPES
10 tapes

Two of these tapes are copies of various local and national news programs and a SFGH
educational piece. Most important among these are the 1985 KRON piece, which gives an
overview of the ward and includes an interesting history of previous epidemics in San Francisco,and the 1990 60 Minutes piece. Six tapes document the 10th anniversary of the ward, which wascelebrated in 1993 with a large event at City Hall. The most important of these includes thefilmed stories or reminiscences of 36 staff members and volunteers. They poignantly tell how
lives were changed as a result of passing through 5B/5A. The final 2 tapes are memories
recorded at the 20th anniversary celebration on July 25, 2003 by Kirk Read.

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Series 6:

PUBLICATIONS/ARTICLES
15 Folders

Arranged by subject.
These folders comprise newspaper and magazine articles about 5B/5A and the staff, patients, andvolunteers. Of note is the file for the “Best Hospitals” issues of US News and World Reportwhich listed SFGH as best in the AIDS category for 1991 - 1997.
There are 3 folders about book projects about 5B/5A.

CONTAINER LISTING
Series 1. Scrapbooks
Container

Title

Box #1

VOLUME 1 - 1983-1987 Original red, with necrology.
VOLUME 2 - 1983-1984 (and all subsequent) Archival, green, individually

boxed.
VOLUME 3 - 1985-1986
VOLUME 4 - 1987-1988
VOLUME 5 - 1988. Fifth anniversary event.
VOLUME 6 - 1989-1990.
VOLUME 7 - 1991-1992.
VOLUME 8 - 1993-1994. (See also folder #23).
VOLUME 9 - 1995-1996.
VOLUME 10 - 1997-1998.
VOLUME 11 - 1999-2003.

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Series 2. Communication Books
Container
Box #2Title
A. NURSING
1. VOL. 1 7/25/83-7/13/87
2. VOL. 2 7/13/87 - 3/3/89
3. VOL. 3 3/3/89 - 7/12/90
4. VOL. 4 7/4/90 - 8/4/91
5. VOL. 5 8/5/91 - 11/3/92
6. VOL. 6 11/11/92 - 10/14/94
7. VOL. 7 10/17/94 - 2/2/97
8. VOL. 8 1/31/97 - 2/25/99
9. VOL. 9 3/1/99 - 6/21/01

Box #3

B. VOLUNTEERS (See also folders #116 - 118)
1. VOL. 1 5/20/85 - 1/20/88
2. VOL. 2 1/21/88 - 3/31/90
3. VOL. 3 3/2/90 - 12/17/92
4. VOL. 4 12/31/92 - 4/10/93
5. VOL. 5 4/23/93 - 12/6/96 (binder).
C. INTERDISCIPLINARY - All staff, volunteers - 1/31/91 - 11/9/98
D. NURSING/AIDS CONSULT TEAM 9/21/89 - 12/19/90

Series 3. Head Nurse Files
Container

FolderFolder Title

Box #41

5A Description

2

5A Grapevine (ward newsletter)

3

5A Move and Later Expansion 1985 – 1996

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Box #5

4

5A Unit-based Policies

5

5B AIDS In-services 1983 - 1984

6

5B AIDS Ward Proposals 1983

7

5B First Year Information 1983 - 1984

8

5B Interviews for New Nurses 1983

9

Admission/Discharge/Transfer Criteria

10

AIDS 101 Training

11

AIDS/ARC Update Conferences 1985 - 1989

12

AIDS Archive Project for 5A

13

AIDS Archive- UCSF Project

14

AIDS Case Definitions/ Revisions

15

AIDS Consult Service

16

AIDS Data Task Force 1988 - 1989

17

AIDS General Information 1983 - 1984

18

AIDS Foundation Photo Exhibit

19

AIDS and People of Color

20

AIDS Prevention Program for San Francisco 1983

21

AIDS Statistics 1983 - 199822

Anniversary Event (3rd) 198623

Anniversary Event (10th) 1993

24

APEX Program

25

Art/Writing of Patients (See also Box #15)

26

BALIF Award to 5A

27

Bathroom Bulletin Board

28

Bilingual Services

29

Brochures/Flyers

30

Budget31

Census Statistics, Inpatient 1988 - 1999

32

Chaplaincy (See also Box #15)

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Box #633

Clinical Trials

34

Community Events

35

Death/ Memorial Service Notices

36

Desert AIDS Project Honors 5A 1998

37

Dementia Resources Committee 1988 - 1999

38

Jane Doe Case 1988 -1989

39

Forensic AIDS Policy

40

Fortunio Estate Donation

41

Giants in the Community Award

42

Gladstone Institute 1993

43

Godfather Service Fund

44

Heterosexual Transmission, Press Release, 1984

45

History of 5A, UCSF Class, Dr Risse46

HIV and Civil Rights

47

HIV Coordinating Council 1994 - 1995

48

HIV, Disclosure of Status

49

HIV Education by SFGH

50

HIV and Healthcare Workers

51

HIV and Immigration Issues 1992

52

HIV Managed Care Committee 1995

53

HIV and Women, class, 1991

54

Humor

55

Infection Control, early challenge to policy

56

International AIDS Conference 1990

57

Interns Handout 1988

58

Labor-related

59

Media Relations

60

Nursing, 5A Philosophy

61

Nursing, AIDS Scholarship Fund14

Box #7

Box #862

Nursing, Clinical Nurse Specialist for AIDS

63

Nursing, Clinical Practice Committee 1992 - 1995

64

Nursing, Continuity of Care Committee 1990

65

Nursing Committees, other66

Nursing Goals and Objectives

67

Nursing Orientation 1985

68

Nursing Orientation 1989

69

Nursing, RN Job Description

70

Nursing Staff Meeting Minutes 1990

71

Nursing Staff Meeting Minutes 1991

72

Nursing Staff Meeting Minutes 1992

73

Nursing Staff Meeting Minutes 1993

74

Nursing Staff Meeting Minutes 1994

75

Nursing Staff Meeting Minutes 1995

76

Nursing Staff Meeting Minutes 1996

77

Nursing Staff Meeting Minutes 1997

78

Nursing Staff Phone Rosters

79

Nursing Staff Retreat 1989

80

Nursing Staff Retreat 1991

81

Nursing Staff Retreat 1992

82

Nursing Staff Retreat 1995

83

Nursing Staff Retreat 1996

84

Nursing Staff Retreat 1998

85

Nursing Staffing

86

Papers by Students who Visited 5A

87

Patient Handbook

88

Patient Care Fund #1

89

Patient Care Fund #2

15
90

Patient Care Fund #3

91

Patient Care Fund #4

92

Box #9

Patient Satisfaction Survey 1985

93

Pentamidine

94

Quarterly Summaries, Quality Assurance 1985

95

Research, Linda Aiken Study 1989 - 1992

96

Research, Assisted Suicide Study 1995

97

Research, Healthworkers Study

98

Research, Holzemer Study 1990 - 1992

99

Research, Holzemer/Henry Studies 1991 - 1994

100

Research, Medical Protocols

101

Research, Gwen van Servellen Study 1990

102

Research, Holly Wilson, Quality of Life Study 1993 - 1996

103

Rita Rockett (See also folders #136,137)

104

Screening Protocols, mid-80's

105

SFGH Annual Reports 1994 - 1996

106

SFGH/UCSF AIDS Workshop 1983

107

Shanti108

Staff Items

109

Staff Meeting Minutes, Interdisciplinary110

Staff Support Group111

Surveillance Study

112

Tours of 5A 1985 - 1997

113

Travel Fund

114

T-Shirt Designs

115

Volunteers 1984 - 1997 (See also Box #3 communication books)

116

Volunteers, Individual Items

117

Volunteers, Massage

118

Volunteer Orientation Handbooks 1987,1988,1992

1990 - 1997

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Series 4. Correspondence
A. CORRESPONDENCE FROM PATIENTS, FAMILIES, FRIENDS
Container

FolderFolder Title

Box #10

119
120
121
122
123
124

Letters from Patients
Cards from Patients #1
Cards from Patients #2
Letters from Families, Friends
Cards from Families, Friends #1
Cards from Families, Friends #2

B. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE
Box #11

Box #11

125
126
127

Early Letters to 5B 1983 - 1984
“Crazy” Correspondence
Thank You Letters from 5A for Community Donations

128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136

Letters from other Healthcare Settings
Letters from Elected Officials
Letters from School Groups
Letters/Cards from Visitors/Students
Letters/Cards from SFGH Staff
Letters/Cards from 5A Staff
Letters from Staff to Administration, Health Commission,
Newspapers
Letters from Volunteers
Letters from Others 1987 - 1994

137
138
139
140

Cards to Rita Rockett from 3/87 People article
Letters to Rita Rockett
Preparations for 60 Minutes piece 1989 - 1990
Public Response to 60 Minutes piece 1990 - 1991

Series 5. Videotapes
Container
Box #12

Title
Tape #1 - KRON, San Francisco. 1983. 28 minutes. Roz Abrams reporting generalpiece about 5B. “In the Midst of Life.”
Dept. Of Medicine, SFGH. 1985. 17 minutes. “AIDS: An Incredible17
Epidemic.”
CBS News/60 Minutes. 1990. 15 minutes. “Ward 5A.”
Channel 2 News, San Francisco. 1995. 5 minutes. Bob McKenzie reporting
general piece about 5A.
WB/Channel 20, San Francisco. 1999. 2 minutes. 5A and Sojourn chaplains
marching in LGBT Pride Parade.
Tape #2 - ABC, Good Morning America, unknown year. 4 minutes. Piece about 5A
former volunteer Jason Dilley and his Project Face to Face.
Tape #3 - 10th Anniversary event at SF City Hall. 1993. 2 hours, 20 minutes. Filmed
comments, stories from the following participants: Diane Jones, J.B.
Mologhan, Connie Wofsy, Paul Volberding, Donald Abrams, Mary
Rathbun, Coralie Persse, Richard Locke, Alison Moed, Adrienne
Kernan,Jan Boddie, Paul Shearer, Armand Kreft, Rita Rockett, Alan Selby, Gary
Carr, Mary McGee, Cheryl Stachan, Ed Wolf, Diana Hartman, Jay Egger,
Gary Davis, James Kahn, Roberto Garcia, Steve Keith, Sandy
Ramadanoff,
Ron Henderson, Joellen Sheerin, Tim Otto, Sandra Orr, Maggie Hallahan,Micaela Salort, Mark Higgins, Lucky, and Rita Silverberg.
Tape #4 - 10th Anniversary Event. 1993. 30 minutes. Entertainment at beginning of
Event.
Tape #5 - 10th Anniversary Event. 1993. 60 minutes. Plenary program featuring J.B.
Mologhan, Diane Jones, Connie Wofsy, Paul Volberding, Donald
Abrams,Merv Silverman, Gayling Gee, Cliff Morrison, and the original staffs of
5B and Ward 86.
Tape #6 - 10th Anniversary Event. 1993. Plenary (cont.) featuring Shanti staff,
massage volunteers, Brooks Linton, Ann Hughes, J.B. Mologhan,
Marcy
Fraser, Merle Sande. 60 minutes.
Tape #7 - 10th Anniversary Event. 1993. 60 minutes. Crowd shots, dancing.
Tape #8 - 10th Anniversary Event. 1993. 60 minutes. Performers.
Tape #9 -20th Anniversary Event. July 25, 2003.

Tape #10 - 20th Anniversary Event. July 25, 2003.

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Series 6. Publications/Articles
Container

FolderFolder Title

Box #13141

Pre-5B Articles

142

Family Research Institute, Inflammatory Articles 1985 - 1987

143

Newspaper/Magazine Articles about 5A

144

General Articles with References/Photos about 5A

145

Articles about 5A Volunteers (See also folders #116,117)

146

Articles/Papers by 5A Staff

147

5A Patient Peter Siegel

148

5A Patient “Daisy Chainsaw”

149

5A Patient Warren Johnston

150

5A Patients, others

151

AIDS Quilt Panel List

152

Carol Pogash’s book “As Real as it Gets” 1989

153

US News Best Hospitals Issues 1991 - 1997

154

Rebecca Ransom Book Project 1984 - 1986

155

Cecilia Worth Book Project

Box #14

Oversize Items
Box #15

A. Articles- Boston Globe ,1985- Life, undated, mid-80's- Nurseweek, 4/27/92- Nurseweek, 5/4/92- Life, 5/92
- Nurseweek, 7/12/93- Desert Sun, Palm Springs, 2/14/98

19- SF Chronicle, 6/27/2000- SF Chronicle Magazine, 8/12/01
B. Oversize photo of unidentified 5A patient
C. Working copy of 10th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet
D. Tarot Deck Designed by 5A Patient Michael Goepferd
E. Rita Rockett Brunch Bunch cabinet sign.
F. Additions File- Articles, etc. collected post-7/25/03.

APPENDIX A
The following items of archival significance remain on 5A. In the event that the ward is
disbanded at some point in the future or if the historical preservation of these items is deemed injeopardy, they should be delivered to the San Francisco History Center at the Main Library.
AWARDS/HONORS
1991 - Plaque from National Association of Health Care Recruiters.
1992 - City and County of SF Award of Merit, signed Mayor Jordan.
1992 - Certificate from Neighbors for Neighborhoods, signed Mayor Jordan.
1994 - Saints Alive plaque from Metropolitan Community Church
1995 - Certificate commemorating 5A workday at AIDS Memorial Grove.
1998 - Bronze heart sculpture from Desert AIDS Project, Palm Springs
1995-1999 - Standing glass award from Godfather Service Fund.

PHOTOGRAPHS

14 Group photos from 1983-2002



3 poster-sized enlargements used at 10th anniversary celebration:o 5th Anniversary (1988) group photoo group of 5A volunteerso Steve Keith, RN and patient

20

Photo of Jess McVey, volunteer, and patientPhoto of Noreen Dunleavy, RN and patient

ARTWORK BY/ABOUT FORMER 5A PATIENTSPrint of 2 men embracing by Richard Roesner.



Painting of cowboy by Daniel Ross.



Collage of tarot cards designed by Michael Goepferd.

Medicine Stick sculpture By Kevin Cada.



Two still-life prints by Edwin Meyer.



Abstract ink drawing by Bruce Logan.

Large plexiglass-framed portrait of former patient.

MISCELLANEOUS

Seventeen framed 5A/5B T-shirts.

Memorial Plaque - 4-part wood,brass commemorating staff/volunteer deaths.



The Thousand Cranes - plexiglass-framed origami donation with letter fromcreator and response from 5A volunteer.



SF Giants jersey - signed by 5A staff.

Rita Rockett Lounge signs - 2, carved wood.

First anniversary tribute - framed comic art with signatures of employees of local
restaurant.



Necrology - book where names of 5B/5A patients who have died are written
by staff.



Autograph Book - visiting dignitaries are encouraged to sign.

THANK YOUThe greatest sustaining force for me over the 20 years of this work has been the daily gratitude ofpatients, families, co-workers, and the community. “You made a difference today.” “He’s a good

21
nurse.” “Thanks, I feel better now.” “We’re glad you were here.”
I would like to return a portion of that gratitude to the following, who made a monetarycontribution to the 5B/5A Archive Project:
The SFGH Foundation
The AIDS Patient Care Fund of Ward 5A
Rainbow Grocery
The local chapter of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care
6 incredible Bay Area individuals who read an article
in the B.A.R. and responded !
This work would not have been possible without the gracious assistance of the staff of the San
Francisco History Center at the San Francisco Public Library. A particular thanks to Susan
Goldstein, Archivist for the City, for her help and encouragement from the beginning.
Steve Keith, R.N.
Nurse/Archivist