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1                

JRAIA

June 2013
JRAIA (The Japan Refrigeration and Airconditioning Industry Association)2

3JRAIA (Japanese Refrigeration Air
conditioning Industry Association) is
manufacturers association of HVAC&R
industry in Japan.
JRAIA companies have major share of many
air conditioning products in the world, so webelieve we are responsible for various issuesof products in the world.

JRAIA46050

Ethane403020152a32 134a

1000125

GWP

Flammability

Flammability(HoC MJ/kg)



1000 2000 3000 4000

GWP

Allowable Amount

Allowable Amount

Stable: High GWP
Low GWP=Less Stable Flammable or Toxic
Risk increases as refrigerant amount increases.
Optimum refrigerant should be used, but how many kinds?
Natural refrigerants to be used where effective, but limited due to high risk.
Moderate flammability substance may reduce direct Global Warming Effect largely.
FCHCCH

EthaneFCCH

152a

CFFF

FFF

134a

CF
HC
F

F
F

125C

FC

HCF
F

1234yfJRAIA

5R600a
R600a
Refrigerator 2002!
NHNH33
Commercial
Commercial
Refrigeration
Refrigeration

HC,HC, COCO22
Vending
Vending Machine
Machine

2001!

"Special Use)

2004!

Products with small refrigerant charge employs HC
refrigerants.
Air conditioner requires larger refrigerant amount andfield refrigerant recovery, so HC refrigerant is notemployed.
JRAIA 6Remote Controller

Heatpump Unit

Water Tank Unit

-CO2 Heatpump Water heaters were commercialized andgetting popular in Japan with government incentive.
-Heat storage system utilizes excessive mid-night electricpowerJRAIA

7 Thousands
60050040030020010002002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 FY-Around half million units are sold annually.
-More than 3 million units are installed in total.
JRAIA( 4kW RAC EU average climate)

8Ratio to R410A (%)

120
100806040
200

Propane without safety measure is effective for climatechange, but not with safety measures.
Effect is not so different with moderate GWP refrigerants.
Low GWP and equivalent LCCP means large energy cost.
(ca, 2000 kg-CO2 eq5000 kWh  $1300 ETS=5€/t?) JRAIA

9
#$%&'()&*)+,-#./0

7@D:

3/1':9E(FAGH;)AI;' 8;@A&A9&' #21( BC311
2/1211/1
1J%,'#21('3513144

6'351
789:;<6)+3

236#<92#'63=<931=4126>'63=<9/1=/1
6#1'63=<9?#=3>/11'63>?/

Estimated cost of R290 with safety measures is muchhigher than R410A.
Blends with GWP 500-700 do not make large costincrement.
JRAIA10Accident Statistics in Japan
Fuel gas2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

explosion

NA

38

51

7757

48

57645345fireNANANANANANA

1951

60

42

Ammonia Installation 210

257

239

NA

111

168

154

151

132

188

Refrigeration Facility
FC Unit sales (CU)

Refrigerant Fatality
Ammonia
Fluorocarbon

141,928
127,304
124,387
114,063
83,473126,079
118,627
115,044
100,337
77,023
0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
000

1
00
0

0
0

1
0

2
0

23(11)

10

52(39)

00

102
3

10

30

90

Refrigerant Injury
Ammonia
Fluorocarbon

Sales of ammonia units are far less than ones with FC, butaccidents with them are equivalent or higher.
But no ignition of ammonia w/o anti-explosion system.
JRAIA11Natural refrigerants should be used wheresuitable, but not effective in air cooled air
conditioning application against climate change.
Refrigerants with GWP 500-700 have the largest
potential to reduce LCCP, if alternative is chosen
now and cost is considered.
(Flammability of 2L class appears acceptable.
Details will be in next presentation)

JRAIA

12EndThank you for your attention!

JRAIA