AMERICAN MUSIC
Grammar - 1
不定詞：不定詞の副詞的用法と形容詞的用法
1A. I work to save money.
Why do you work? To save money.
We learn English to speak with people from other countries.
Why do we learn English? To speak with people from other countries.
1B. I don’t have energy to study.
Energy for what? Energy → to study.
[a] talent

I have the talent to be a great musician. [~ pg.10, l.10]/ˈtælənt/

Vocabulary from Context
Guess the meaning of the underlined word.
[an] origin Ayumi: What is the origin of American music?
/ˈɔːrɪdʒɪn/(start / end)
Steven: It’s blues music. All American music, such as jazz and rock,came from blues music.

Pre-reading
1. Which picture is country music, jazz, hip hop, rock and roll, and blues?
2. What kind of music do you listen to when you feel sad and lonely?

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BCE9

Lesson 2 - American Music

Robert Johnson (c.1935)

ブルースは、19世紀アメリカ南部の黒人野外作業員達の音楽でした。

Part 1G-1A

To understand American music, you must start at its

New words

origin, the blues. When you say, “I have the blues,” it means you

5 - [an] emotion /ɪˈmoʊʃən/are sad, lonely, and hurt - you lose your job, your partner leaves

6 - [a] bluesman /ˈbluːzmæn/

G-1B

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you, a family member dies. Blues music is a way to express these9 - [a] soul /soʊl/

sad emotions.

10 - the Devil /ˈdevəl/

Robert Johnson was a bluesman from Mississippi. But hewasn’t a good musician, and people laughed at him. Then, oneday, he disappeared. Six months later, he came back as a great
blues musician. Some people thought Johnson sold his soul to10the Devil. In return, the Devil gave him the talent to be a greatmusician.

Comprehension Questions
Cross out the mistakes and change them.

the blues

1. The origin of American music is rock and roll.
2. “I have the blues” means that I feel happy.
3. People loved Robert Johnson.
4. Some people thought God gave Johnson the talent to be a great blues musician.
2 - have the blues - 元気が無い、憂鬱な7 - laugh at ~ - ～を笑う - Everyone laughs at my jokes.

7 - one day - ある日

10 - in return - 見返りとして10

Grammar - 2
不定詞：不定詞の名詞的用法‐主語(2A)、目的語(2B)、補語(2C)として使う場合
2A. To speak English well is useful.
SVC= It is useful to speak English well.
SFor me, to be rich is important. = For me, it’s important to be rich.
2B. I like to sing.
SVO

I began to play music when I was 11 years old.
2C. My dream is to live in New York City. (my dream = to live in NYC)SVCMy goal is to become a jazz musician.

Vocabulary from Context
Guess the meaning of the underlined word.
Fumie: Were you a good student?
Danny: No, I wasn’t. I didn’t like to study.
quit (~) /kwɪt/

I wanted to quit school to become a jazz musician.
(continue / stop)

Pre-reading
1. What do you know about jazz?
2. Do you know any jazz musicians?

11Lesson 2 - American Music

Part 2
Jazz came from the blues. It uses similar melodies andrhythms.

The father of jazz is Louis Armstrong. Armstrong wasborn in New Orleans, the birthplace of jazz. His family wasNew words
1 - similar /ˈsɪmələr/
1 - [a] melody /ˈmelədi/G-2A

5poor, and it was difficult for him to stay out of trouble. The

2 - [a] rhythm /ˈrɪðəm/police arrested him once because he shot a gun into the air. At

3 - [a] birthplace /ˈbɝːθˌpleɪs/

G-2B

the age of 11, he quit school. But soon, he began to play the

5 - [a] gun /ɡʌn/trumpet and sing. By 28, Armstrong was a famous jazz musician.
G-2C

His dream was to bring happiness to people through music.

“If you start to tap your foot,it means the music is good.”
Louis Armstrong

Comprehension Questions
WH Questions - Answer the following questions.
1. How are the blues and jazz similar? They _________________________________
2. Where was jazz born? It ______________________________________________
3. What was difficult for Armstrong when he was young? ______________________
4. What was Armstrong’s dream? _________________________________________

1 - A comes from B - AはBから来る - Do eggs come from chickens, or do chickens come from eggs?
2 - the father of ~ - ～の父 - Henry Ford is the father of American cars.
4 - stay out of trouble - トラブルに巻き込まれないようにする - Club activities help students to stay out of trouble.
5 - at the age of ~ - ～歳で - I got married at the age of 21.

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Grammar - 3
動名詞
動名詞の名詞的用法：動名詞を主語(3A)や目的語(3B)、前置詞の目的語(3C)として使う場合

3A. Shopping is fun.
Rapping is cool. I like hip hop.
3B. I enjoy dancing.
accept ~ 3C. Some hip hop songs talk about accepting other cultures. [~ pg.14, l.8]
O/ækˈsept/rapping (MCing)

Vocabulary from Context
Guess the meaning of the underlined words.
[an] element Fiona:

Do you know the four elements of hip hop?

/ˈelɪmənt/(parts / parties)
Eriko: No. What are they?

graffiti Fiona:

Rapping, record scratching, breakdancing, and graffiti writing.

/ɡrəˈfiːti/

Eriko: Oh, I didn’t know that.

Nana: What do you talk about with your boyfriend?
common Lisa:/ˈkɑːmən/Music is a common topic.
(difficult / usual)We like talking about the blues, jazz, rock and roll, hip hop, and so on.
breakdancing

Pre-reading
Answer the following questions.
1. Do you know any Japanese hip hop artists?
2. What are common topics in Japanese hip hop songs?

13Lesson 2 - American Music

Part 3
Hip hop started in the 1960s in the poor black neighborhoodsof New York City. At first, DJs, such as DJ Kool Herc, the father of
G-3B

hip hop, liked playing short instrumental songs at parties. Then,New words
1 - [a] neighborhood/ˈneɪbərˌhʊd/

2 - [a] DJ /ˈdiːdʒeɪ/G-3A

the DJs started reading poetry over these songs, and rapping was
5

3 - instrumental/ˌɪnstrəˈmentəl/born.

4 - poetry /ˈpoʊɪtri/

Hip hop songs talk about the hard life of black people.
Gangs, racism, and police violence against blacks are common

7 - [a] gang /ɡæŋ/
7 - racism /ˈreɪsɪzəm/

G-3C

topics. But hip hop also talks about peace, love, and accepting othercultures.
graffiti writing

DJ Kool Herc/ˈkuːl ˈhɝːk/record scratching (DJing)

Comprehension Questions
Circle the correct answer. Sometimes, more than one answer is possible.
1. Hip hop was born in...
a) rich neighborhoods.

b) New York City.

c) poor neighborhoods.

2. DJ Kool Herc liked... short instrumental songs.
a) playingb) speaking overc) writingb) bad things.

c) accepting other people.

3. Hip hop songs talk about...
a) good things.
2 - at first - 始めは

7 - violence against ~ - ～に対する暴力

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Summary (Rephrasing)
Use words from parts 1 - 3 to finish the crossword puzzle.
1. The blues is the ~ of American music.
2. We sing the blues to express sad ~ .
3. Did the Devil give Robert Johnson the ~to be a great blues musician?
4. The melodies and rhythms of blues andjazz are ~ .
5. Did the police ~ Louis Armstrong forusing a gun?
6. Louis Armstrong didn’t like school,
so he ~ when he was 11 years old.
7. Police violence against blacks is a ~ topic
in hip hop songs.
8. There is ~ in America. Some white
people don’t like black people and so on.

4

6

2

8

1

3

7

5

Grammar Practice
不定詞－正しい順に書き直しましょう。

1. university / to / study / I / get into__________________________________________________________
2. don’t have / time / to / we / eat__________________________________________________________
3. interesting / learn about music / to / is / it__________________________________________________________
4. to / I / English songs / like / sing__________________________________________________________
5. be / my dream / to / a musician / is__________________________________________________________
動名詞－主語の動名詞を目的語の位置に、目的語の動名詞を主語の位置に書きかえます。
次の表現を使って書きかえてみましょう。 “I like…” / “…is not easy for me.”6. Playing music is fun. _______________________________________
7. I’m not good at using computers. ______________________________

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Lesson 2 - American Music

Optional Reading

The Writer’s CornerIn the early days, life was very hard for blackmusicians in America. Black jazz bands were the best.
White people wanted to dance to their music. So blackbands played at very nice hotels in big cities. However, the musicians of
those bands could not stay at those hotels. When black bands toured in the5American South, some restaurants didn’t want to serve the musicians.
Sometimes, there was police violence against black musicians.

Listening
Listen to a conversation between Kate and Emi and answer the questions
below. Before listening, check the meaning of ‘lip-sync’.
1. Who was Billie Holiday? She was a __________ __________
2. What couldn’t black musicians do in the early days?
They couldn’t _____ _____ _____
3. From where did Billie have to sing?
She had to sing from __________ _____ __________
4. What did a white singer do while Billie was singing?
She ______________ on stage.

Writing and Class Discussion
Answer the following questions. Then, in pairs, ask your partner. Finally,
discuss in groups or as a class.
1. What did you learn from this lesson? I learned that... ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How can we understand other cultures? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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