TC21 Special Session on JSCE Annual Meeting
September 6, 13:00-15:00 (Japan Time)

Evolving Disaster Response Measuresduring the COVID-19 Pandemic
ARAKIDA Masaru
Asian Disaster Reduction CenterToday’s Topics
Introduction
1. Disaster Response Challenges During a Pandemic
2. Evolving Disaster Response Practices During a Pandemic

Asian Disaster Reduction Center2

0. Introduction

About Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)
31 Member Countries
5 Advisor Countries

Information Sharing
Implementation of International Conferences
Provision of Information on the Latest Disasters, Disaster
Preparedness of Member Countries, and Good Practices
Promotion of GLIDE (Global unique disaster IDEntifier)Promotion of a Disaster Risk Management System using Earth
Observation Satellites Data
Human Resource Development
Implementation of DRR Seminar and Training
Program for Inviting Visiting Researchers from Member Countries

Established: July 1998
1) To Enhance Disaster Resilience of the Member Countries
2) To Build Safe Communities
3) To Create a Society Where Sustainable Development is
Possible

Building Community Capabilities
Development and Dissemination of Tools for Encouraging
Community Participation
Support for the Activities of Asian Disaster Reduction andResponse Network (ADRRN）
Cooperation with Relevant Organizations
DRR Policy Peer Review in Cooperation with Member Countries
Promotion of Sub-regional DRM Cooperation

Asian Disaster Reduction Center4

Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases/deaths per million people in each region(As of 22 August 2021)

COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in Asia have been lower than the world average.
Daily new confirmed cases

Daily new confirmed deaths

Source: Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-data-explorer
Asian Disaster Reduction Center5

ADRC Desk Survey: Indicative Variations of COVID-19 Countermeasures(As of 12 February 2021)

Member Country
1. Armenia2. Azerbaijan
3. Bangladesh
4. Bhutan
5. Cambodia
6. China
7. India
8. Indonesia

ContainmentBRLLRoooooooooxooooooo-HSxxoo-

Mitigation
TTSD Mooooxooooxooooooooo

9. Iran
10. Japan
11. Kazakhstan
12. Kyrgyzstan
13. Laos
14. Malaysia

ooooo0oooo-oxooo0o-

Vxxxxo-ooooooooo-oo-

SupportCAEA**oooo****ooooooooo**oooo**o

Websites of Health Agency and COVID-19 Tracker
https://ncdc.am/coronavirus/confirmed-cases-by-days/
https://koronavirusinfo.az/az
http://corona.gov.bd/
http://www.moh.gov.bt/
http://www.cdcmoh.gov.kh/
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
https://www.mohfw.gov.in/
https://covid19.kemkes.go.id/
https://covid19.go.id/
http://covid19.bnpb.go.id/
behdasht.gov.ir
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/index.html
https://www.coronavirus2020.kz/kz
http://www.med.kg/ru/informatsii.html
https://www.moh.gov.la/index.php/lo-la/
http://www.moh.gov.my/index.php/pages/view/2019-ncov-wuhan
https://ukkdosm.github.io/covid-19

Legend: 0 = Implemented; X = not implemented; * = Borrowed from lending organizations; - = to be researched further【Countermeasures】 BR: Border Control, L: Lockdown, LR: Limited Restrictions (stay home, etc.), HS: Strengthening of Health System, TT: Tracing and Testing,
SD: Social Distancing, M: Wearing of Mask, V: Vaccine research and trials, CA: Cash Assistance to citizens, EA: Economic Aid to businesses
Asian Disaster Reduction Center6ADRC Desk Survey: Indicative Variations of COVID-19 Countermeasures (Cont.)(As of 12 February 2021)

Member Country

ContainmentBRLLRHS

Mitigation
TTSD M

VSupportCAEA

15. Maldives
16. Mongolia
17. Myanmar
18. Nepal

oooooooo---oooooooo-**o***o*19. Pakistan
20. PNG
21. Philippines

ooooooooxoooooox**o**o22. Republic of Korea
23. Russia
24. Singapore
25. Sri Lanka
26. Tajikistan
27. Thailand
28. Turkey
29. Uzbekistan
30. Vietnam
31. Yemenooooooooooxooooooo-ooooo-ooooo-ooxx-oooooooo-oooooooo-ooxxo-ooo**oo*o-ooo**oo*o-Asian Disaster Reduction CenterWebsites of Health Agency and COVID-19
Tracker
https://covid19.health.gov.mv/en
https://zasag.mn/en/m/ministry-of-healthhttps://www.mohs.gov.mm/
https://mohp.gov.np/en/
http://www.moha.gov.np/
http://covid.gov.pk/
https://www.health.gov.pg/
https://ncovtracker.doh.gov.ph/
http://www.covid19.gov.ph/
http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/enстопкоронавирус.рф
https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19
http://epid.gov.lk/
http://moh.tj/?lang=en
https://ddc.moph.go.th/viralpneumonia/eng/index.php
https://www.saglik.gov.tr/?_Dil=2
https://www.minzdrav.uz/en/
https://www.moh.gov.vn/en_US/web/ministry-of-health
http://www.moh.gov.ye/
7Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction: ACDR Purpose: Information sharing on DRM and DRR among
member countries and relevant organizations, andstrengthening cooperation among them.
 Annual event
Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction 2020
Can we adapt to the New Normal? -Approaches from AsiaACDR2019 (@Ankara, Turkey)

Date: 20-22 October 2020
Theme:1) Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Measures and Challenges
to the Intensifying Natural Disasters
2) Disaster Preparedness and Response Measures Amidst
COVID-19
Please visit https://acdr.adrc.asia/ for more details!
ACDR2020（Online）
Asian Disaster Reduction Center8

1. Disaster Response Challenges During a PandemicA Case of “Concurrent Crises”

Concurrent Crises

Compound/Cascading DisasterEarthquakeFireTsunami

Nuclear Accident

Storm

Dam Failure

COVID-19
Technological Accident

If a disaster strikes during a pandemic,
it will be a case of “concurrent crises”.

Terrorism
Asian Disaster Reduction Center

10Sample Cases
Triple-Disaster

Simultaneous Disaster + COVID-19

Great East Japan Earthquake (11 March 2011)2020 Summer in Republic of Korea(1) Earthquake

Source: TEPCO

Source: Korea Bizwire(2) Tsunami(3) Nuclear
Power Plant
FailureSource: Yonham News, Aug 6

Source: TEPCOAsian Disaster Reduction Center

111-1 Adminstrative Challenges
Lead Agencies/Organization

Countries

Type 1

Task Force(i.e., presided by a
President or PrimeMinister)Japan
MyanmarRepublic of Korea
VietnamType 2

Health Agency(e.g., Ministry ofHealth)CambodiaFiji
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore

Type 3

DRM Agency(e.g., National
Disaster/Emergency
ManagementAuthority)

Indonesia
New Zealand
Samoa
Tonga
Vanuatu

Source: “Adapting Disaster Risk Management Systems for Health-Related Emergencies:
Early Lessons from the Asia-Pacific Region”, World Bank, October 2020

Asian Disaster Reduction Center

What is the roles and responsibilities
of DRM agency in responding toCOVID-19 outbreaks at both nationaland sub-national levels?

Central Disaster and Safety
CountermeasureHeadquarters(Head : Prime Minister)

1st HQ : Minister of MOHW(Central Disaster ManagementHeadquarters)

Central Disease ControlHeadquarter(KDCA)

2nd HQ : Minister of MOIS
(Pan-governmental
Countermeasures Support
Headquarters)

Local Disaster and Safety
Countermeasure Headquarters(17metrolevel/226 commlevel)

Emergency Headquarters for COVID-19, Heavy Rainfall,and Typhoons in the Republic of Korea
121-2 Readiness of Disaster Response Systems
Is the existing disaster response system
ready during a pandemic?
considering: Movement/travel restrictions
 Testing and tracing Social distancing
 Hygienic practices (e.g., washingwith water and soap or use ofdisinfectants)
 Protective gears (e.g., facemasks,coverings, and PPEs)

EarlyWarning

Areas to Consider
in AdapatingResponders Disaster Response
Measures Duringa Pandemic

Source: Concept Note of Thematic Session 2, (ACDR 2020)

Asian Disaster Reduction Center

Stockpiling

Evacuation

Need Review Disaster Response
Protocols and SOPs
13

2. Evolving Disaster Response Practices During a PandemicAdaptation of Disaster Response During a Pandemic
 Outbreaks
 Hotspots/ clusters
 Tracing Basic knowledge about
COVID-19
 Protective gears (e.g.,facemasks, coverings,and PPEs)

Responders

EarlyWarning

Areas to Consider
in Adapating
Disaster Response
Measures Duringa Pandemic

Evacuation

Stockpiling Face coverings
 Disinfectants
 Testing kits
 Vaccines
 PPEs Testing/screening Isolation facilities
 Social distancing

Asian Disaster Reduction Center15

2-1 Digitalization
Case of India
GIS based DSS Platform
Information on Covid-19 cases, logistics, resources & surveillance

Human Mobility Monitoring
Using Telecom Data

Source: https://gis-dm.ndma.gov.in/portal/apps/sites/#/covid

 Visualization of quarantined person due to COVID-19: tracking oflocations from source to destination
Asian Disaster Reduction Center Real time monitoring: tracking of
in-migrants across the country162-1 Digitalization (Cont.)
GeoThing

The University of Tokyo

Using existing tool for the effective information
dissemination of the mask status in pharmacy

Using phone call data to monitor people movement
Source: https://sdc.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/

Source: https://geobingan.info/landing

Asian Disaster Reduction Center17

Case of the Philippines
Segregation:

2-2 Dispersed Evacuation
Clustering:Suspected
COVID-19 cases
were segregatedfrom theevacuation area

Occupantsof the evacuation
room must be either
members of one
family or people whoknow each otherfrom the sameneighborhood

Separate Facility:

Management:

Separate
facilities were
designated totake care ofsuspected
COVID-19 cases

No media isallowed at theemergency operations
center for getting
information

Asian Disaster Reduction Center18

2-2 Dispersed Evacuation (Cont.)
Case of JapanThe height of a partition should be higher thanthe breathing zone of a user when seated, inorder to prevent respiratory droplet transmission.
Each block should be at least 1m apart.

(SankeiBiz, July 15)

Asian Disaster Reduction Center

Source: Cabinet Office, Japan19

2-2 Dispersed Evacuation (Cont.)
Case of Republic of Korea(Healthcare News, Aug 20)

Temperature
Checks(Jeonbukjeil News, Aug 20)

Sanitizing hands
to get an access(Todayan, Aug 20)

2m distancing
between tents

Operation of shelter based on the guideline for management of cooling centers, temporary shelters, earthquake
evacuation areas (Enacted in June 2020)
Source: Ministry of the Interior and Safety, Republic of Korea

Asian Disaster Reduction Center20

Thank you for your attention!

Asian Disaster Reduction Center

21

Main References
Presentations in the ACDR 2020 from the following organizations• Cabinet Office, Japan• Ministry of the Interior and Safety, Republic of Korea• National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority, Ministry of Home Affairs, Nepal• Office of Civil Defense (OCD), Department of National Defense, Republic of the Philippines• Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF), Singapore• University of Tokyo• GeoThings Inc.
Others• Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), World Bank

Asian Disaster Reduction Center22