A Field Guide to the

Apinun Suvarnaraksha and Kenzo Utsugi

2023

A field guild to the NORTHERN THAI FISHES
Published by Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo
University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, and Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, Tokyo,
Japan.
Copyright©2023 Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo
University, and Nagao Natural Environment Foundation.
First publication in 2023.
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publishers and copyright holders.
Printed by S.Offset Graphics Design Partnership, 63 Pracha U-thit, 75 Yek 5, Thungkru
Subdistrict, Thungkru District, Bangkok 10140.
ISBN: 978-616-8146-70-5
For bibliographic purposes, this book should be cited as follows: Apinun Suvarnaraksha
and Kenzo Utsugi 2023. A field guild of the Northern Thai Fishes. Maejo University,
Chiang Mai, Thailand, and Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, Tokyo, Japan. 188
pp.
Acknowledgements
We dedicate this book to late professor Dr. Yasuhiko Taki for his initiative in thisextremely precious project for fish diversity conservation and research in the region.
We are grateful to late professor Dr. Ryutaro Ohtsuka for supporting our activities. We
sincerely thank Dr. Hiroshi Kohno, Dr. Makoto Komoda and Ms Kumiko Suzuki of
NEF for their insightful comments on the draft of this field guidebook. We would liketo thank all the provincial officers and people in local communities for their warm help
extended to us during our field surveys.
List of the researchers in NEF-Maejo University joint project
NEF:
Yasuhiko Taki, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Makoto Komoda, Kenzo Utsugi and Tomoko Oizumi
Maejo University:
Apinun Suvarnaraksha, Rottapon Wattanasiriserekul, Thapanee Pholdee, Piyarat
Suktip, Kittikorn Talao, Wikit Phinrub, Tasapon Chamnivikaipong and Jullatas
KeereelangPreface
Thailand holds abundant natural resources composed of diversified plants andanimals in the ecosystem. Focusing on aquatic ecosystem, producers,
consumers and decomposers are forming food webs in a good balance. Fishes
are the main group of higher consumers in the food webs, and utilized byhuman beings.
Even if tiny fish species, they are important protein sources in the food securityof local people in Thailand. Fishes are found everywhere, even in and aroundthe homestead except in the urban areas. So, the people in Thailand are
traditionally very familiar to fishes. Local markets of Northern Thailand arealways filled with freshwater fish species. However, current situation such as
rapid urbanization and environmental degradation is threatening habitat offishes. To sustain this rich natural resource, people should rightly understand,appropriately conserve, and wisely use that.
This book concisely provides information about Northern Thai Fishes,
including local names, scientific names, distribution, and some characteristics
for identification, accumulated since 1992. This book covers 348 species in 49
families of freshwater fish species occur in Northern Thailand. Some tiny
species are the icons of Northern Thai rapids. Oreoglanis omokiense clings andmaneuvers on rocks against the swift water with specialized lips and pectoral
fins. Physoschistura chulabhornae into often dives into sandy bottoms inflowing water. They cannot continue to live without their adapted habitat.
This book is made available by the supports from many sectors such as
governmental agencies including Department of Forestry, Department of
National Parks, Department of Fisheries, each Provincial Department, andvarious private sectors. Also, this book would like to participate in thecelebration of the 40th anniversary of the Faculty of Fisheries Technology andAquatic Resources and the 90th anniversary of Maejo University. We would
like to express our special gratitude to Nagao Natural Environment Foundation
Japan (NEF) for providing the research budget from 2006-2015, and the fundfor printing this book.

Northern Thai Fishes Team2023 June 27

Contents
Geographical characters of Northern Thailand
Terminologies
Body regions
Fins and fin supports
Gill
ScalesBarbels
Position of mouth
Types of caudal fin
Expression of body cross section
Measurements
List of classes, orders, and families
List of species
Plates of Species
Reference

i
ii
ii
iii
iv
iv
v
v
vi
vi
vii
viii
ix
1-175
176

Geographical characters of Northern Thailand
Northern Thailand encompasses 3 main river basins, namely the
Mekong River, the Chao Phraya River, and the Salween River. The area ischaracterized by mountainous regions with relatively high elevation andlatitude, so that the cool season temperature is likely to be lower than lowland
areas.
Northern Thailand is mostly occupied by the Chao Phraya River
Basin composed of large tributaries such as the Ping River, the Wang River,the Yom River, and the Nan River. Eastern part of the Salween River Basincovers the western part of Northern Thailand with tributaries such as the Moei
River, the Yuam River, and the Pai River. The northeastern part is covered bytributaries of the Mekong River such as the Kok River and the Ing River.

Terminologies
1.

Body regions

Head

Region from the tip of snout to the posterior edge of gill cover.

Trunk

Region from the posterior edge of gill cover to the anus.

Tail

Region from the anus to the hypural end.

Snout

Region from the tip of snout to the anterior margin of the eye.

Hypural (bones)

Bone plates composing caudal skeleton.

Gill coverOuter lid of the gill cavity.

2.

Fins and fin support

Adipose fin

A kind of fin without ray.

Anal fin

One of median fins. Usually located on the ventral side of body.

Dorsal fin

One of median fins. Usually located on the dorsal side of body.

Caudal fin

One of median fins. Usually located at the posterior end ofbody.

Pectoral fin

A kind of paired fins. Usually located just after the gill-opening.

Pelvic fin

A kind of paired fins. Usually located on the ventral side of thebody.

SpinesA kind of fin rays. Ossified. Unsegmented.

Simple rays

A kind of soft fin rays. Segmented. Unbranched. Sometimes
ossified.

Branched rays

A kind of soft fin rays. Segmented. Branched. Always flexible.

3.

Gill

Gill rakers
Gill filaments
Gill arch

4.

Tooth-like structure arranged inside gill arch.
Filamentous structure for gas exchange. Arranged outside gillarch.
Framework of gills.

ScalesLateral line

Horizontal lines along the flank formed by series of sensory pores.

Lateral line scale

Pored scales along lateral line (s).

Lateral scale

Scales on horizontal line along the flank to caudal peduncle.

Predorsal scales

Scales from occiput to origin of dorsal fin.

Transverse scales

Scales between dorsal fin origin to lateral line scale.

Circumpeduncular scales

Scales around caudal peduncle at the position with least depth.

5.

Barbels

Nasal barbel

Barbel attaching nostril.

Maxillary barbel

Posterior barbel attaching upper jaw.

Mandibular barbel

Barbel attaching lower jaw.

Rostral barbel

Anterior barbel attaching upper jaw.

6.

Position of mouth

7.

Types of caudal fin

8.

Expression of body cross section

9.

Measurements

SL: Standard
length
TL: Total length

Distance between the tip of snout and the end of hypuralbone (the flexure line over the caudal peduncle when caudal
fin bent).
Distance between the most tip of anterior projecting parts of
the head to posterior most tip of the depressed caudal fin.

HL: Head length

Distance between the tip of snout and the anterior margin ofeye.
Distance between the tip of snout and the posterior end ofgill cover.

BD: Body depthDistance between a mid-dorsal point and a mid-ventral pointat the deepest part of body.

DW: Disc width

Distance between the right most point and the left mostpoint of body disc in rays.

SnL: Snout length

List of classes, orders, and families
CLASS
Elasmobranchii

ORDER
Myliobatiformes
Anguilliformes
Osteoglossiformes
Clupeiformes

Cypriniformes

Siluriformes

Actinopterygii
Syngnathiformes
Gobiiformes
Synbranchiformes

Anabantiformes

Carangiformes

Cichliformes
Beloniformes

2 classes

Perciformes
Tetraodontiformes
15 orders

FAMILY
Dasyatidae
Anguillidae
Notopteridae
Clupeidae
Engraulidae
Xenocyprididae
Danionidae
Leptobarbidae
Cyprinidae
Gyrinocheilidae
Nemacheilidae
Balitoridae
Gastromyzontidae
Serpenticobitidae
Botiidae
Cobitidae
Ailiidae
Amblycipitidae
Ariidae
Bagridae
Clariidae
Pangasiidae
Siluridae
Sisoridae
Ictaluridae
Loricariidae
Syngnathidae
Eleotridae
Gobiidae
Mastacembelidae
Synbranchidae
Anabantidae
Helostomatidae
Osphronemidae
Channidae
BadidaeNandidae
Pristolepididae
Polynemidae
Soleidae
Cynoglossidae
Toxotidae
Ambassidae
Cichlidae
Belonidae
Hemiramphidae
Adrianichthyidae
Sciaenidae
Tetraodontidae
49 families

Taxonomy of this book follows Fricke et al. 2022.

No. of species
2
2
2
2
2
8
25
1
89
1
46
9
1
1
9
11
6
4
1
18
3
10
15
26
1
1
1
1
8
6
1
1
1
7
5
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
348 species

List of species
List 1
Taxa
Class Elasmobranchii
Order Myliobatiformes
Family Dasyatidae
Fluvitrygon signifer (Compagno & Roberts, 1982)
Urogymnus polylepis (Bleeker, 1852)
Class Actinopteri
Order Anguilliformes
Family Anguillidae
Anguilla bengalensis (Gray, 1931)
Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Order Osteoglossiformes
Family Notopteridae
Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)
Chitala ornata (Gray, 1931)
Order Clupeiformes
Family Clupeidae
Clupeichthys aesarnensis Wongratana, 1983
Clupeoides borneensis Bleeker, 1851
Family Engraulidae
Coilia lindmani Bleeker, 1858
Setipinna melanochir (Bleeker, 1849)
Order Cypriniformes
Family Xenocyprinidae
Macrocheirichthys macrochirus Valenciennes, 1844
Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker, 1852)
Parachela siamensis (Günther, 1868)
Parachela williaminae Fowler, 1934
Paralaubuca barroni (Fowler, 1934)
Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage, 1883
Paralaubuca riveroi Fowler, 1935
Paralaubuca typus Fowler, 1935
Family Danionidae
Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae Vidthayanon & Kottelat 1990
Cabdio morar (Hamilton, 1822)
Danio albolineatus Blyth, 1860
Danio roseus Fang & Kottelat, 2000
Devario cf. apopyris
Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland, 1839)
Devario browni (Regan, 1907)
Devario laosensis (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
Devario maetaengensis (Fang, 1997)
Devario sp.

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List 2Taxa
Esomus metallicus Ahl, 1924
Luciosoma bleekeri Steindachner, 1878
Opsarius koratensis (Smith 1931)
Opsarius ornatus (Sauvage 1883)
Opsarius infrafasciatus (Fowler 1934)
Opsarius pulchellus (Smith, 1931)
Opsarius cf. signicaudus
Raiamas guttatus (Day, 1869)
Rasbora aurotaenia Tirant, 1885
Rasbora borapetensis Smith, 1934
Rasbora dorsinotata Kottelat & Chu, 1987
Rasbora myersi Brittan, 1954
Rasbora paviana (Tirant, 1885)
Rasbora rubrodorsalis Donoso-Büchner & Schmidt, 1997
Salmostoma sardinella (Valenciennes, 1844)
Family Leptobarbidae
Leptobarbus rubripinna (Fowler, 1937)
Family Cyprinidae
Albulichthys albuloides (Bleeker, 1855)
Altigena sinkleri (Fowler 1934)
Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus Ng & Kottelat, 2004
Bangana devdevi (Hora, 1936)
Barbichthys laevis (Valenciennes, 1842)
Barbodes jacobusboehlkei (Fowler 1958)
Barbodes rhombeus (Kottelat, 2000)
Barbonymus altus (Günther, 1868)
Barbonymus gonionotus (Günther, 1868)
Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Bleeker, 1853)
Catlocarpio siamensis Boulenger, 1898
Ceratogarra cambodgiensis (Tirant, 1883)
Cirrhinus jullieni Sauvage, 1878
Cirrhinus prosemion (Fowler 1934)
Cosmochilus harmandi Sauvage, 1878
Crossocheilus reticulatus (Fowler, 1934)
Cyclocheilichthys armatus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Cyclocheilos enoplos (Bleeker, 1850)
Cyclocheilos furcatus (Sontirat, 1985)
Cyclocheilichthys repasson (Bleeker, 1853)
Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacepède 1803
Discherodontus schroederi (Smith, 1945)
Epalzeorhynchos bicolor (Smith 1931)
Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Fowler, 1934)
Folifer brevifilis (Peters, 1881)

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List 3
Taxa
Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934
Garra nasuta (McClelland, 1839)
Garra notata (Blyth, 1860)
Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934
Garra thuenensis Kottelat, 1998
Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014
Garra cf. cyclostomata
Garra cf. fuliginosa
Hampala dispar Smith, 1945
Hampala macrolepidota (Valenciennes, 1842)
Hampala salweenensis Doi & Taki, 1994
Henicorhynchus caudimaculatus (Fowler 1934)
Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)
Henicorhynchus entmema (Fowler, 1934)
Hypsibarbus cf. lagleri
Hypsibarbus salweenensis Rainboth, 1996
Hypsibarbus vernayi (Norman, 1925)
Hypsibarbus wetmorei (Smith, 1931)
Labeo catla (Hamilton 1822)
Labeo chrysophekadion (Sauvage, 1880)
Labeo pierrei (Sauvage, 1880)
Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
Labiobarbus leptocheilus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Labiobarbus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)
Lobocheilus rhabdoura (Fowler, 1934)
Mekongina erythrospila Fowler, 1937
Mystacoleucus argenteus (Bleeker, 1850)
Mystacoleucus chilopterus Fowler, 1935
Mystacoleucus ectypus Kottelat, 2000
Mystacoleucus greenwayi Pellegrin & Fang, 1940
Mystacoleucus obtusirostris (Valenciennes 1842)
Neolissochilus stracheyi (Pelligrin & Fang, 1940)
Neolissochilus vittatus (Smith, 1945)
Onychostoma gerlachi (Peters, 1881)
Onychostoma meridionale Kottelat, 1998
Osteobrama feae (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Osteochilus lini Fowler, 1935
Osteochilus melanopleurus (Bleeker, 1852)
Osteochilus microcephalus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Osteochilus waandersi (Bleeker, 1852)
Pethia stoliczkana (Day, 1871)
Poropuntius bantamensis (Rendahl, 1920)

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List 4
Taxa
Poropuntius hathe Roberts, 1998
Poropuntius heterolepidotus Roberts, 1998
Poropuntius laoensis (Günther, 1868)
Poropuntius scapanognathus Robert, 1998
Probarbus jullieni Sauvage, 1880
Puntigrus partipentazona (Fowler, 1934)
Puntioplites proctozystron (Bleeker, 1865)
Puntius masyai Smith 1945
Puntius brevis (Bleeker 1849)
Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus (Fowler, 1934)
Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus (Fowler, 1934)
Scaphognathops bandanensis Boonyaratpalin & Srirungroj, 1971
Sikukia gudgeri (Smith, 1934)
Sikukia stejnegeri Smith, 1931
Systomus rubripinnis (Valenciennes 1842)
Systomus cf. rubripinnis
Tariqilabeo burmanicus (Hora, 1936)
Tariqilabeo bicornis (Wu, 1977)
Tor sinensis Wu, 1977
Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842)
Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854)
Family Gyrinocheilidae
Gyrinocheilus aymonieri Fowler, 1937
Family Nemacheilidae
Nemacheilidae sp.
Paracanthocobitis mandalayensis (Rendahl, 1948)
Paracanthocobitis nigrolineata Singer, Pfeiffer & Page 2017
Paracanthocobitis cf. zonalternans
Nemacheilus binotatus Smith, 1933
Nemacheilus pallidus Kottelat, 1996
Nemacheilus platiceps Kottelat, 1996
Neonoemacheilus labeosus (Kottelat, 1982)
Physoschistura chulabhornae Suvarnaraksha, 2013
Physoschistura pseudobrunneana Kottelat, 1996
Schistura alticrista Kottelat, 1996
Schistura cf. aurantiaca
Schistura bella Kottelat, 1996
Schistura breviceps (Smith, 1945)
Schistura cincticauda (Blyth, 1860)
Schistura cf. coruscans Kottelat, 2000
Schistura desmotes (Fowler, 1934)

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List 5
Taxa
Schistura dubia (Fowler, 1934)
Schistura geisleri Kottelat, 1996
Schistura isostigma Kottelat, 1998
Schistura kengtungensis (Fowler, 1936)
Schistura maejotigrina Suvarnaraksha, 2012
Schistura maepaiensis (Kottelat, 1996)
Schistura mahnerti Kottelat, 1996
Schistura menanensis (Smith, 1945)
Schistura moeiensis Kottelat, 1996
Schistura nicholsi (Smith, 1933)
Schistura oedipus Kottelat, 1988
Schistura pridii Vidthayanon 2003
Schistura poculi (Smith, 1945)
Schistura reidi (Smith, 1945)
Schistura cf. russa
Schistura schultzi (Smith, 1945)
Schistura sexcauda (Fowler, 1937)
Schistura similis Kottelat, 1996
Schistura sirindhornae Suvarnaraksha, 2015
Schistura spilota Fowler, 1934
Schistura cf. thavoni
Schistura vinciguerrae (Hora, 1935)
Schistura waltoni (Fowler, 1937)
Schistura sp.1
Schistura sp.2
Sectoria atriceps (Smith, 1945)
Tuberoschistura baezingeri Kottelat, 1983
Family Balitoridae
Balitora brucei Gray, 1830
Balitora burmanica Hora, 1933
Balitora lancangjiangensis (Zheng, 1980)
Cryptotora thamicola (Kottelat, 1988)
Hemimyzon nanensis (Doi & Kottelat, 1998)
Homalopteroides cf. indochinensis
Homalopteroides modestus (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Homalopteroides smithi (Hora, 1932)
Pseudohomaloptera leonardi (Hora, 1941)
Family Gastromyzontidae
Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat, 2000
Family Serpenticobitidae
Serpenticobitis octozona Roberts, 1997

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List 6
Taxa
Family Botiidae
Ambastaia nigrolineata (Kottelat and Chu, 1987)
Botia histrionica Bryth, 1860
Syncrossus beauforti (Smith, 1931)
Syncrossus berdmorei (Blyth, 1860)
Syncrossus helodes (Sauvage, 1876)
Yasuhikotakia eos (Taki, 1972)
Yasuhikotakia lecontei (Fowler, 1937)
Yasuhikotakia modesta (Bleeker, 1864)
Yasuhikotakia morleti (Tirant, 1885)
Family Cobitidae
Acantopsis ioa Boyd & Page 2017
Acantopsis rungthipae Boyd, Nithirojpakdee & Page, 2017
Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth, 1860)
Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1999
Aperioptus delphax Siebert, 1991
Aperioptus gracilentus (Smith, 1945)
Aperioptus hapalius (Siebert, 1991)
Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860)
Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes, 1846)
Lepidocephalus nanensis Deein, Tanjitjaroen & Page, 2014
Pangio anguillaris (Vailant, 1892)
Pangio oblonga (Vallencinnes, 1846)
Pangio sp.
Order Siluriformes
Family Ailiidae
Clupisoma prateri Hora, 1937
Clupisoma sinense (Huang, 1981)
Eutropiichthys burmanicus Day, 1877
Eutropiichthys salweenensis Ferraris & Vari, 2007
Laides longibarbis (Fowler, 1934)
Silonia silondia (Hamilton, 1822)
Family Amblycipitidae
Amblyceps foratum Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Amblyceps platycephalus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Amblyceps serratum Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Amblyceps variegatus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Cephalocassis borneensis (Bleeker, 1851)
Family Bagridae
Bagrichthys majusculus Ng, 2002
Bagrichthys obscurus Ng, 1999

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List 7
Taxa
Hemibagrus filamentus (Fang & Chaux, 1949)
Hemibagrus imbrifer Ng & Ferraris, 2000
Hemibagrus spilopterus Ng & Rainboth, 1999
Hemibagrus microphthalmus (Day, 1877)
Hemibagrus wyckii (Bleeker, 1858)
Hemibagrus wyckioides (Chaux & Fang, 1949)
Hemibagrus sp.
Mystus albolineatus Roberts, 1994
Mystus cavasius (Hamilton, 1822)
Mystus singaringan (Bleeker, 1846)
Mystus bocourti (Bleeker, 1864)
Mystus multiradiatus Roberts, 1992
Mystus mysticetus Roberts, 1992
Pseudomystus siamensis (Regan, 1913)
Rita sacerdotum Andersan, 1879
Sperata acicularis Ferraris & Runge, 1999
Family Clariidae
Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864
Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1815
Family Pangasiidae
Helicophagus leptorhynchus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Pangasianodon gigas Chevey, 1930
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)
Pangasius bocourti Sauvage, 1880
Pangasius conchophilus Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991
Pangasius elongatus Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels 2002
Pangasius larnaudii Bocourt, 1866
Pangasius macronema Bleeker, 1850
Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931
Pseudolias pleurotaenia (Sauvage, 1878)
Family Siluridae
Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat and Ng, 1999
Hemisilurus mekongensis Bornbush and Lunberg, 1989
Kryptopterus cheveyi Durand, 1940
Kryptopterus geminus Ng, 2003
Kryptopterus paraschilbeides Ng, 2003
Micronema moorei Smith, 1945
Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1797)
Ompok siluroides Lacepède, 1803
Ompok urbaini Ng, 2003

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List 8
Taxa
Phalacronotus apogon (Bleeker, 1851)
Phalacronotus bleekeri (Gunther, 1864)
Phalacronotus micronemus (Bleeker, 1846)
Pterocryptis berdmorei (Blyth, 1861)
Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Wallago micropogon (Ng, 2004)
Family Sisoridae
Hara filamentosa Blyth, 1860
Bagarius lica Volz, 1903
Bagarius suchus Roberts, 1983
Bagarius vegrandis Ng & Kottelat, 2021
Exostoma berdmorei Blyth, 1860
Exostoma effrenum Ng & Vidthayanon, 2014
Exostoma peregrinator Ng & Vidthayanon, 2014
Oreoglanis colurus Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Oreoglanis heteropogon Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Oreoglanis laciniosa Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Oreoglanis nakasathiani Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Oreoglanis omkoiense Suvarnaraksha, 2020
Oreoglanis siamensis Smith, 1933
Oreoglanis sudarai Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Oreoglanis suraswadii Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009
Oreoglanis tenuicauda Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Oreoglanis vicina Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Gagata dolichonema He, 1996
Glyptothorax buchanani He, 1996
Glyptothorax burmanicus Prasad & Mukerji, 1929
Glyptothorax dorsalis Vinciguerra, 1890
Glyptothorax lampris Fowler, 1934
Glyptothorax laosensis Blyth, 1861
Glyptothorax rugimentum Ng & Kottelat, 2008
Glyptothorax trilineatus Blyth, 1861
Pseudecheneis cf. longipectoralis
Family Ictaluridae
Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818)
Family Loricaridae
Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus Weber, 1991
Order Syngnathiformes
Family Syngnathidae
Dorichthys buaja (Bleeker, 1850)

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List 9Taxa
Order Gobiiformes
Family Eleotridae
Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852)
Family Gobiidae
Brachygobius mekongensis Larson & Vidthayanon, 2000
Brachygobius sabanus Inger, 1958
Eugnathogobius siamensis (Fowler, 1934)
Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)
Gobiopterus chuno (Hamilton, 1822)
Pseugobius sp.
Rhinogobius chiengmaiensis Fowler, 1934
Rhinogobius mekongianus (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
Order Synbranchiformes
Family Mastacembilidae
Macrognathus semiocellatus Roberts, 1986
Macrognathus siamensis (Günther, 1861)
Mastacembelus alboguttatus Boulenger, 1893
Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède, 1800)
Mastacembelus favus Hora, 1923
Mastacembelus tinwini Britz, 2007
Family Synbranchidae
Monopterus albus (Zuiew, 1793)
Order Anabantiformes
Family Anabantidae
Anabas testudineus (Blotch, 1792)
Family Helostomidae
Helostoma temmincki Cuvier, 1831
Family Osphronemidae
Betta splendens Cuvier, 1831
Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1802
Trichopodus microlepis (Günther, 1861)
Trichopodus pectoralis Regan, 1909
Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770)
Trichopsis pumila (Arnold, 1937)
Trichopsis vittatus (Cuvier, 1831)
Family Channidae
Channa auroflammea Adamson, Britz & Lieng 2019
Channa limbata (Cuvier 1831)
Channa lucius (Cuvier, 1831)
Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831)

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List 10
Taxa
Channa striata (Blotch, 1793)
Family Badidae
Badis ruber Schreitmüller, 1923
Family Nandidae
Nandus nebulosus (Gray, 1835)
Family Pristolepidae
Pristolepis fasciata (Bleeker, 1851)
Order Carangiformes
Family Polynemidae
Polynemus aquilonaris Mutomura, 2003
Polynemus multifilis Temminck & Schlegel 1843
Family Soleidae
Brachirus harmandi (Sauvage, 1878)
Brachirus panoides (Bleeker, 1851)
Family Cynoglossidae
Cynoglossus feldmanni (Bleeker, 1854)
Cynoglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851)
Family Toxotidae
Toxotes siamensis Kottelat & Tan 2018
Order Cichliformes
Family Ambassidae
Parambassis ranga (Hamiltion, 1822)
Parambassis siamensis (Fowler, 1937)
Parambassis vollmeri Roberts, 1995
Parambassis wolffii (Bleeker, 1850)
Family Cichlidae
Oreochromis niloticus (Bleeker, 1851)
Order Beloniformes
Family Belonidae
Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822)
Family Hemirhamphidae
Dermogenys siamensis Fowler, 1934
Family Adrianichthyidae
Oryzias minutillus Smith, 1945
Order Perciformes
Family Sciaenidae
Boesemania microlepis (Bleeker, 1858)
Order Tetraodontiformes
Family Tetraodontidae
Pao abei (Roberts, 1998)
Pao palustris (Saenjundaeng, Vidthayanon & Grudpun 2013)

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Northern Thai Fishes
Plates of Species

Class Elasmobranchii
Order Myliobatiformes
Family Dasyatidae

Fluvitrygon signifer (Compagno & Roberts, 1982)
White edge freshwater sting ray ปลากระเบนขาว (Pla Krabean Khao)

Size: 50 cm DW.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main streams with sandy and muddy bottom. Found from freshwater toestuarine and marine habitats.
Remarks: Snout short and broadly triangular. Dorsal surface of disc mostly plain color withnarrow white marginal band. Long tail with around 4 times of disc width. Narrow tubercle areaon the center of dorsal surface of the disc. White spots in front of spiracles and behind the eyes.
Ventral surface plain white.

1Northern Thai Fishes
Urogymnus polylepis (Bleeker, 1852)
Chaophraya freshwater sting ray/Giant freshwater sting rayปลากระเบนเจ้าพระยา/ปลากระเบนราหู (Pla Krabean Chaophraya/Pla Krabean Rahu)

Size: 300 cm DW
Distribution: Brackish and freshwaters of South Asia and Southeast Asia including Thailand.
Habitat: Large rivers with sandy or muddy bottom.
Remarks: Himantura chaophraya is a synonym of this species. Dorsal surface of body smooth.
Small denticles on nape. Spines present on anterior part of tail. Snout slightly projecting. Ventral
side of pectoral fin margin dark.

2Northern Thai Fishes
Class Actinopteri
Order Anguilliformes
Family Anguillidae
Anguilla bengalensis (Gray, 1931)
Indian mottle eel ปลาตูหนา ปลาสะแงะ (Pla Thuna/Pla Sa-ngae)

Size: 150 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin, and Indian ocean.
Habitat: Leptocephalus larvae occur in the Indian Ocean. Juveniles migrate to coastal shores.
Adults occur in rivers and tributaries.
Remarks: Dorsal fin origin at the midway between gill opening and origin of anal fin. Colorationof adults variegated.

3Northern Thai Fishes
Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Giant mottle eelปลาตูหนาลาย/ปลาเอี่ยนมีหู (Pla Thuna Lai/Pla Eian Mehu)

Size: to 200 cm SL.
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific including Thailand.
Habitat: Leptocephalus larvae of the species occur in Indian ocean, juveniles migrate to coastal
shores. Adults occur in rivers.
Remarks: Body relatively stout with a coloration of marble pattern. Dorsal fin origin at the
midway between the gill opening and the anal fin origin.

4

Northern Thai Fishes
Order Osteoglossiformes
Family Notopteridae
Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)
Bronze featherback ปลาสลาด (Pla Salad)Size: 35 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Salween River, and the Mekong River Basins. Widelydistributed in Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Adults occur standing and sluggish waters.
Remarks: Body deep, compressed, plain silverly. Head profile straight. Corner of mouth at below
posterior margin of the eye. Feeds on insects, small fish, and crustaceans. Often processed intofish paste.

Chitala ornata (Gray, 1931)
Crown featherback ปลากราย/ปลาตองจุด (Pla Krai/Pla Tong Jud)

Size: to 100 cm SL
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River basin, the Mekong River basin and other inland
Thai waters, except the Salween River basin.
Habitat: Found in clear to turbid waters in large rivers, sluggish waters of lakes,
reservoirs, floodplains, canals, and ponds.
Remarks: Body silverly with a row of large ocellated spots along the base of the analfin. Head profile concave. Important food fish, often processed into fish paste.

5Northern Thai Fishes
Order Clupeiformes
Family Clupeidae
Clupeichthys aesarnensis Wongratana, 1983
Thai river sprat ปลาซิวแก้ว/ปลาแตบแก้ว (Pla Siew Kaeo/Pla Thep Kaeo)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River basin.
Habitat: Surface to mid-column of large rivers and manmade reservoirs.
Remarks: Body moderately elongate with an abdominal keel with 8 to 10 + 6 to 8 scutes.
Yellowish to gray body coloration with silver white transverse-band from gill opening to caudal
peduncle. An anal finlet present. Jaw teeth well-developed.

Clupeoides borneensis Bleeker, 1851
Borneo river sprat ปลาซิวแก้ว (Pla Siew Kaeo)

Size: 7 cm SL
Distribution: The Mekong River basin and the Chao Phraya River basin.
Habitat: Surface to mid-column of large rivers and manmade reservoirs.
Remarks: Body silvery opaque. Caudal fin yellowish with dark margin. Anal finlet absent. Feedon aquatic insects.

6Northern Thai Fishes
Family Engraulidae
Coilia lindmani Bleeker, 1858
Lindman’s grenadier anchovy ปลาหางไก่ (Pla Hang Kai)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: Northern part of the Chao Phraya River (the Ping and the Nan River), and the
Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: From freshwater to blackish water area in large rivers.
Remarks: Body elongate, tapering posteriorly. Caudal fin small. Pectoral fin with 6 free rays.
Maxilla long, reaching to or beyond the pectoral fin base. Belly keeled with 13-15+20 to 25 = 3440 scutes from isthmus to vent.

Setipinna melanochir (Bleeker, 1849)
Dusky hairfin anchovy ปลาแมวหูดำ (Pla Maew Hu Dam)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: Northern part of the Chao Phraya River (the Ping and the Nan River), and the
Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: From freshwater to blackish water area in large rivers.
Remarks: Body rather high, compressed. Head and snout short. Mouth large. Pectoral fin often
colored in black.

7

Northern Thai Fishes
Order Cypriniformes
Family Xenocyprinidae
Macrocheirichthys macrochirus Valenciennes, 1844
Freshwater wolf minnow ปลาดาบลาวน้ำจืด (Pla Daab Lao Nam Jued)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River (Critical Endanger) and the Mekong River basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing turbid water of medium to large rivers.
Remarks: Body long, strongly compressed, silvery with a blotch at the base of caudal fin. Mouth
upturned without barbels. Belly with a sharp keel from throat to anus. A long-based anal fin with
25–27 branched rays. Relatively long pectoral fins. Scales minute and irregularly arranged. Lateralline scales more than 100. Feeds on aquatic and terrestrial insects, and small fish. Marketed fresh.
Often used in ornamental fish trade. Threatened in the Chao Phraya Basin.

Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker, 1852)
Sharp belly minnow ปลาแปบ (Pla Paeb)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in medium to large rivers through low wetlands.
Remarks: Anal fin with 31-33 branched rays. Gill rakers on the first gill arch 20-21. Feeds on
zooplankton, insects, and small fish. Sold in markets as trash fish.

8

Northern Thai Fishes
Parachela siamensis (Günther, 1868)
Siam’s sharp belly minnow ปลาแปบสยาม (Pla Paeb Siam)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in medium to large rivers through lowlands, large swamps, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body plain silverly. Dorsal fin origin slightly in front of anal fin origin. Anal fin with
25-32 branched rays. Number of gill-rakers on 1st gill arch 12. Lateral line scales 43-46.

Parachela williaminae Fowler, 1934
harp belly minnows ปลาแปบ (Pla Paeb)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs near the surface of flowing lowland streams.
Remarks: Dorsal fin origin behind the anal fin origin. Pectoral fin long, extending behind the tipof pelvic fi. Gill rakers on 1st gill arch 22-26. Anal fin with 34-35 branched rays. Lateral line
scales 36.

9Northern Thai Fishes
Paralaubuca barroni (Fowler, 1934)
Sharp belly minnow ปลาแปบ (Pla Paeb)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in medium to large rivers.
Remarks: Body moderately long and compressed with a sharp abdominal keel. Mouth with asymphyseal knob at the lower jaw. Number of gill-rakers on the 1st gill arch 21-25. Lateral line
continuous with 53-56 scales. Feeds on zooplankton and small insects.

Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage, 1883
Sharp belly minnow ปลาแปบ (Pla Paeb)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in medium to large lowland rivers, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body moderately long with a sharp abdominal keel. Lateral line discontinuous with 7585 scales. Body size attains relatively larger than other congeners. Body color occasionallyyellowish.

10Northern Thai Fishes
Paralaubuca riveroi Fowler, 1935
Sharp belly minnow ปลาแปบ (Pla Paeb)

Size: 18 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in medium to large lowland rivers, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body moderately long and compressed with a sharp abdominal keel. Mouth with asymphyseal knob at the lower jaw. Number of gill-rakers on 1st gill arch 41-56. Lateral line
continuous with 56-65 scales.

Paralaubuca typus Fowler, 1935
Sharp belly minnow ปลาแปบ (Pla Paeb)

Size: 18 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing large rivers. Occurs in the main medium to large rivers andreservoirs.
Remarks: Body moderately long and compressed, with a sharp abdominal keel. Lateral line
discontinuous with 65-75 pored scales. 33-42 gill rakers. Forms large schools, most abundantspecies in the genus.

11Northern Thai Fishes
Family Danionidae
Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae Vidthayanon & Kottelat 1990
Princess minnow ปลาซิวเจ้าฟ้าจุฬาภรณ์ (Pla Siew Chao Fah Chulabhorn)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in shallow vegetated waters such as canals, marshes, swamps, rice fields.
Remarks: Body moderately elongate, greenish, translucent. Abdomen rounded. Snout covered
with thin skin. Upper lip absent, lower jaw projected. No barbels. 6-7 lateral line scales.

Cabdio morar (Hamilton, 1822)
Morari ปลาแปบหัวกลม (Pla Paeb Hua Klom)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in running water of main streams and tributaries with rocky and gravelly
substrate.
Remarks: Body silvery, moderately elongate. Abdomen rounded. Head small and round (Thainame “Peb Hua Klom” means “Rounded head minnow ”). Lower jaw with a sharp crescentic bonyedge. No barbels. 38-42 lateral line scales. 10-12 branched anal fin rays. 2½ to 3 rows of scales
between lateral line and base of the pelvic fin.

12

Northern Thai Fishes
Danio albolineatus Blyth, 1860
Pearl danio ปลาซิวใบไผ่มุก (Pla Siew Bai Phai Mook)

Size: 3 cm SL
Distribution: Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietna, and Indonesia.
Habitat: Occurs in running small hill streams.
Remarks: Body slender with an orange stripe on side of caudal peduncle. Predorsal scales 16,
lateral line incomplete, 2 pairs of barbels around mouth, dorsal fin with 6-7 branched rays, anal
fin with 13-14 branched rays. Feeds on small crustaceans and insects. Sold as ornamental fish.

Danio roseus Fang & Kottelat, 2000
Rose danio ปลาซิวใบไผ่กุหลาบ (Pla Siew Bai Phai Ku Laab)

Size: 3 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Forest streams in the uplands.
Remarks: Body relatively slender, plain pink with bluish sheen. Mis-lateral stripe not clear.
Lateral line incomplete with 9-10 pored scales.

13Northern Thai Fishes
Devario cf. apopyris
Danio ปลาซิวใบไผ่ (Pla Siew Bai Phai)

Size: 4 cm SL
Distribution: Found only from the Fhang River, a tributary of the Kok River of the Mekong River
Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in small clear streams with slightly slow current; often found in vegetated habitats.
Remarks: Body rather stout with 6-8 bars on the side. Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays (vs. 7 for
D. apopyris). Anal fin with 12-13 branched rays (9-10 for D. apopyris). Lateral line incompletewith a few pored scales (no lateral line for D. apopyris). No barbel around the mouth.

Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland, 1839)
Giant Danio ปลาซิวใบไผ่ใหญ่ (Pla Siew Bai Phai Yai)

Size: 8 cm SL
Distribution: The Salween River, the Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin. Also
known from Sri Lanka and India.
Habitat: Upland hill streams with altitude higher than 300 m. Occurs in clear fast-flowing waterwith gravelly to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body stout with a mid-lateral blue stripe and two yellowish stripes. Dorsal fin with 811 branched rays. Lateral line scales 31-34. Feeds on terrestrial insects, worms, and crustaceans.

14Northern Thai Fishes
Devario browni (Regan, 1907)
Salween’s Devario ปลาซิวใบไผ่สาละวิน (Pla Siew Bai Phai Salween)Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing shaded streams.
Remarks: Body stout with bluish irregular blotches surrounded by golden brown lines on theflank, tail with 2 golden brown stripes to caudal fin base. Feeds on aquatic and terrestrial insects.

Devario laosensis (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
Laos Devario ปลาซิวใบไผ่ลาว (Pla Siew Bai Phai Lao)

Size: 5 cm SL
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing mountain streams with gravelly to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body stout with a dark blue mid-lateral stripe interrupted at the anterior part. Dorsal
fin with 8-9 branched rays. Anal fin with 12-14 branched rays. Lateral line complete with 34-36
pored scales.

15Northern Thai Fishes
Devario maetaengensis (Fang, 1997)
Maetang Devario ปลาซิวใบไผ่แม่แตง (Pla Siew Bai Phai Mae Tang)

Size: 5 cm SL
Distribution: Endemic to the Mae-tang River, a tributary of the Chao Phraya River.
Habitat: Clear and slow flowing shaded water with gravelly to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body relatively stout with 6-8 dark blue bars on side of anterior half of body. Lateralline complete (vs. no lateral line for D. apopyris, incomplete lateral line for D. shanensis, notshown in this book). Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays (vs. 7 for D. apopyris and D. shanensis). A
pair of short rostral and maxillary barbels (vs. no or rudimentary barbels for D. apopyris and D.
shanensis) (Fang, 1997; 2000). Feeding on terrestrial and aquatic insects.

Devario sp.
Big eye Devario ปลาซิวใบไผ่ (Pla Siew Bai Phai)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mae-tang River and the Maechaem River, tributaries of the Chao Phraya River.
Habitat: Vegetated flowing streams with rocky to gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body stout with a mid-lateral dark blue stripe between two orange stripes. Eyes large
with a supraorbital spine. Snout blunt. Dorsal fin with 10-11 branched rays. Anal fin origin below
the 4th-5th branched rays of dorsal fin. Lateral line complete with 31-34 pored scales.

16Northern Thai Fishes
Esomus metallicus Ahl, 1924
Striped flying barb ปลาซิวหนวดยาว (Pla Siew Bai Nuad Yao)

Size: 5 cm SL
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Near the surface of shallow vegetated waters such as rice fields, irrigation canals,
reservoirs, swamps, lakes, and streams.
Remarks: Body moderately elongate, silvery with a dark mid-lateral stripe. Snout pointed. Mouth
superior. Rostral barbels reaching to middle of the eyes. Maxillary barbels very long.

Luciosoma bleekeri Steindachner, 1878
Apollo shark ปลานางอ้าว (Pla Naang Ao)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in lowland rivers and streams.
Remarks: Body elongate, snout pointed, mouth relatively large. Caudal fin with a large blotch on
the upper lobe. Feeds on insects, crustaceans, and small fish.

17

Northern Thai Fishes
Opsarius koratensis (Smith 1931)
Korat’s Baril ปลาน้ำหมึกโคราช (Pla Nam Muek Korat)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin, the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Slow to moderately-flowing lowland rivers and streams with enough dissolved oxygen.
Remarks: Body silverly with 2-9 faint bars. Predorsal scales 15-18. Lateral line scales 32-36.
Feeds on both aquatic and terrestrial insects including trichopterans.

Opsarius ornatus (Sauvage 1883)
Golden baril ปลาน้ำหมึกสีทอง (Pla Nam Muek Sri tong)

Size: 6 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River, the Mekong River, and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in running waters.
Remarks: Body moderately long, silverly with 9-10 faint bars, 1-2 dark spots on caudal fin base.
Anal fin origin just below the 6th branched ray of the dorsal fin. Lateral line scales 37-40. A pairof short thin barbels around the mouth.

18Northern Thai Fishes
Opsarius infrafasciatus (Fowler 1934)
Baril ปลาน้ำหมึก (Pla Nam Muek)

Size: 6 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mae-tang River, a tributary of the Chao Phraya River, and the Salween River
Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear swift streams and medium size rivers.
Remarks: Dorsal fin with black spots on the fin membrane along the rays. A large black blotch
on caudal fin base. A series of small tubercles on the chin.

Opsarius pulchellus (Smith, 1931)
Yellow barils ปลาน้ำหมึกเหลือง (Pla Nam Muek Luang)Size: 6 cm SL
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in swift rivers and streams with gravelly bottom.
Remarks: Body with 7-10 dark blue vertical bars on the sides. Males in vivid color with orange
dorsal fin.

19

Northern Thai Fishes
Opsarius cf. signicaudus
Flagtail baril ปลาน้ำหมึกหางธง (Pla Nam Muek Hang Thong)Size: 6 cm SL
Distribution: The Salween River basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing rivers and streams with gravel or cobble bottoms and some
canopy.
Remarks: Body with 10-12 bars on side. Anal fin origin just below the end of dorsal fin. 36-39
lateral-line scales; small dentary tubercles; a pair of rostral barbels. A large blotch on the middleof caudal fin and connected to a large middle band of caudal fin.

Raiamas guttatus (Day, 1869)
Burmese trout ปลานางอ้าว (Pla Naang Ao)

Size: 45 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Salween River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Adults occur in clear swift waters; juveniles live in quiet pools and small streams.
Remarks: Body silvery with 1-2 rows of dusky blue spots. Mouth large with short maxillarybarbels. Caudal fin with a black stripe on lower the lobe. Feeds on insects and small fish.

20

Northern Thai Fishes
Rasbora aurotaenia Tirant, 1885
Pale rasbora ปลาซิว (Pla Siew)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in streams, medium to a large rivers, swamps, lakes, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body slender; body depth 3.1-4.2 times in SL. 14 circumpedunclar scales. 21-31 lateralline scales. 2 scale rows between between the lateral line and the mid-ventral scale row. Caudal
fin yellow with black margin.

Rasbora borapetensis Smith, 1934
Redtail rasbora ปลาซิวหางแดงบึงบอระเพ็ด (Pla Siew Hang Dang Bung Boraped)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in shallow waters such as swamps, canals, streams.
Remarks: Body slender with a mid-lateral stripe from gill cover to caudal fin base. Caudal finbase bright red. Dorsal fin hyaline. It was named after the locality " Beung Borapet" a freshwaterlake of Thailand.

21Northern Thai Fishes
Rasbora dorsinotata Kottelat & Chu, 1987
Black dorsal tip rasbora ปลาซิวหลังดำ (Pla Siew Lang Dam)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear and flowing streams.
Remarks: Body slender with a mid-lateral stripe slightly widened under the dorsal fin origin.
Dorsal fin tip with a dusky blotch. A black blotch near the caudal fin base. 5 scale rows between
the dorsal fin origin and the lateral line.

Rasbora myersi Brittan, 1954
Silver rasbora ปลาซิวเงิน (Pla Siew Ngen)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing rivers and streams.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with a dark gray mid-lateral stripe. Caudal fin pale yellow orsilvery. Dorsal fin with 7 branched rays. 16 circumpedunclar scales. 13 predorsal scales. 31 lateralline scales.

22Northern Thai Fishes
Rasbora paviana (Tirant, 1885)
Side stripe rasbora ปลาซิวควายแถบดำ (Pla Siew Kwai Thep Dam)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in upland clear streams with rocky and gravelly substratum. Appears even inlower streams. 4 scale rows between the dorsal fin base and the lateral line.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with a dark mid-lateral stripe broadened at the caudal fin base.

Rasbora rubrodorsalis Donoso-Büchner & Schmidt, 1997
Redtail rasbora ปลาซิวหางแดง (Pla Siew Hang Dang)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in shallow waters including swamps, ditches, pools, slow-flowing streams.
Remarks: Body slender with a mid-lateral line from the gill cover to the caudal fin base. Dorsal
fin base and caudal fin base are red. Lateral line incomplete with 4-10 pored scales.

23Northern Thai Fishes
Salmostoma sardinella (Valenciennes, 1844)
Sardinella razor belly minnow ปลาซิวท้องคม (Pla Siew Tong Kom)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin, the Irrawaddy River Basin.
Habitat: Large rivers and streams with sandy or muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body silvery, elongate, compressed with an abdominal keel from below pectoral fin to
the anus. 47-52 lateral line scales. 16-20 anal fin rays. Symphyseal knob of lower jaw rudimentary.
Dorsal fin origin just above the anal fin origin. Caudal fin deeply forked. Scales small, deciduous.

Family Leptobarbidae
Leptobarbus rubripinna (Fowler, 1937)
Sultan barb ปลาบ้า ปลาสุลต่าน (Pla Baa, Pla Sultan)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin. Introduced to the Salween
River Basin (confirmed by the author).
Habitat: Clear flowing streams and rivers.
Remarks: Body slender, cylindrical with a mid-lateral stripe from the gill cover to the caudal finbase. Mouth terminal with 2 pairs of barbels. Caudal, pelvic, and anal fins are reddish. Dorsal fin
with 7 branched rays. It was separated from an Indonesian species, L. hoeveni.

24Northern Thai Fishes
Family Cyprinidae
Albulichthys albuloides (Bleeker, 1855)
Obtuse snout barb ปลาตะโกกหน้าสั้น (Pla Ta Kok Na Sun)

Size: 20 cm SL
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin. The Chao Phraya River Basin (rare).
Habitat: Middle to bottom column of rivers and lakes with muddy or sandy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, plain silvery. Snout obtuse. Caudal fin orange. Eyes with adipose eyelid.
Lateral line scales 32-35. Feeds on benthos and detritus.

Altigena sinkleri (Fowler, 1934)
Labeo ปลาแก้มนวล (Pla Kam Nual)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Ping River in the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast flowing clear water with rocky bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, cylindrical with greenish background and some orange flakes and a
blotch on caudal peduncle. Dorsal fin with 10-11 branched rays.

25

Northern Thai Fishes
Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus Ng & Kottelat, 2004
Blunt snout barb ปลาตามิน (Pla Ta Min)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in large rivers and reservoirs.
Remarks: Snout truncate. Body slender, plain silvery. Dorsal fin with serrated last simple ray.
Feeds on periphyton.

Bangana devdevi (Hora, 1936)
Malikha Labeo ปลาหว้า (Pla Wa)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing water with rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, back dark green, and flank and abdomen silvery. Opercular golden.
Lateral line scales 40-41. Dorsal fin with 11 branched rays. Mouth subterminal with a pair ofbarbels.

26

Northern Thai Fishes
Barbichthys laevis (Valenciennes, 1842)
Square head barb ปลาหางบ่วง ปลาหัวเหลีย
่ ม (Pla Hang Buang, Pla Hua Liam)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing waters.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery. Caudal fin deeply forked with black submarginal stripes. Dorsal
fin with a black blotch at the tip. Suborbital bones large. Mouth subterminal with 2 pairs of barbels.

Barbodes jacobusboehlkei (Fowler 1958)
White cheek barb ปลาแก้มขาว (Pla Kam Khao)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs mainly in upland streams.
Remark: Body slender, silvery with a black spot on caudal peduncle. Fins hyaline. 2 pairs ofbarbels around mouth.

27Northern Thai Fishes
Barbodes rhombeus (Kottelat, 2000)
Swamp barb ปลาตะเพียนน้ำตก (Pla Ta Pien Nam Tok)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Clear and slow-flowing streams from highland to lowland.
Remark: Body golden to silvery with a black spot at the base of dorsal fin and the caudal fin in
adults, many black spots on body in juveniles. Two pairs of barbels around mouth.

Barbonymus altus (Günther, 1868)
Tinfoil barb ปลาตะเพียนทอง (Pla Ta Pien Tong)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mae Klong River, the Mekong River Basin. The
Salween River (introduced).
Habitat: Occurs in main streams, lakes, and reservoirs. Juveniles abundant in the floodplains.
Remarks: Body deep, ovate, silvery with red fins. Tip of dorsal fin black. 31-33 lateral line scales.

28Northern Thai Fishes
Barbonymus gonionotus (Günther, 1868)
Silver barb ปลาตะเพียนขาว ปลาปาก (Pla Ta Pien Khao, Pla Paak)

Size: 35 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mae Klong River, the Mekong River. The Salween
River (introduced).
Habitat: Occurs in main streams and tributaries, lakes, and reservoirs with sandy to muddy
substratum.
Remarks: Body deep, compressed, plain silvery. Anal fin with 6-7 branched rays.

Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Bleeker, 1853)
Tinfoil barb ปลากระแห ปลาเลียนไฟ (Pla Kra Hae, Pla Lien Fai)

Size: 35 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mae Klong River, the Mekong River Basin. The
Salween River (introduced).
Habitat: Occurs in main streams, lakes, and reservoirs. Juveniles abundant in the floodplains.
Remark: Body deep, ovate, silvery with red fins. Tip of dorsal fin black. Caudal fin withsubmarginal stripes. 34-35 lateral line scales.

29Northern Thai Fishes
Catlocarpio siamensis Boulenger, 1898
Siamese giant carp ปลากระโห้ ปลากะมัน (Pla Kra Ho, Pla Ka Man)

Size: 300 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in deep pools of main streams with sandy and clay bottom.
Remarks: Body deep, blackish with white cheek and chin. Head length nearly 30% of SL.
Protrusible largemouth without barbel. Dorsal fin with 9 branched rays. Lateral line scales 39-40.
Feeds on algae, phytoplankton, and fruits of inundated terrestrial plants. Critically endangered.

Ceratogarra cambodgiensis (Tirant, 1883)
Stone lapping fish ปลาเลียหิน ปลามอน (Pla Lia Hin, Pla Mon)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with pebbles, small rocks, and large stones on
the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, with a black mid-lateral stripe. Dorsal fin with a yellow cross band.
Lateral line scales 32-35. Mouth inferior with large and circular mental disk. Caudal fin withsubmarginal orange stripes. Gill rakers on first gill arch 6-10. Feeds on periphyton, phytoplankton
and some insects on the bedrock bottom.

30

Northern Thai Fishes
Cirrhinus jullieni Sauvage, 1878
Red fin Labeo ปลาสร้อยปีกแดง (Pla Soi Peek Dang)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing water of mainstreams.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with a faint dark vertical bar on shoulder. Pectoral, pelvic, andanal fins reddish. Dorsal fin with 12-13 branched rays. Gill rakes on 1st gill arch 65-68. Feeds onalgae, detritus, and benthic invertebrates.

Cirrhinus prosemion (Fowler 1934)
Mud carp ปลาแกง (Pla Kang)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing mainstreams.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with a vertical bar on shoulder. Pectoral, pelvic, and anal finsreddish. Dorsal fin with 11-15 branched rays. Lateral line scales 37-43. Feeds on phytoplankton,
algae, and detritus.

31

Northern Thai Fishes
Cosmochilus harmandi Sauvage, 1878
Fringe lip barb ปลาตะกาก (Pla Ta Kak)

Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main streams.
Remarks: Body deep and stout, plain silvery. Last simple ray of dorsal fin long and serrated.
Mouth subterminal with papillated lips. Lateral line scales 32-36.

Crossocheilus reticulatus (Fowler, 1934)
Netted latia, Netted stone roller ปลาส่อลายตาข่าย (Pla Sor Lai Ta Kay)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Clear and shallow flowing streams with bouldery, pebbly, gravely, and sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with a black blotch on the caudal fin base.

32

Northern Thai Fishes
Cyclocheilichthys armatus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Soldier river barb ปลาโจก ปลาไส้ตัน (Pla Jok/Pla Sai Tan)

Size: 23 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in middle to bottom column of rivers and streams.
Remarks: Body moderately deep, compressed, plain silvery. 16 circumpedunclar scales. 12-14
predorsal scales. Usually, a pair of barbels around mouth.

Cyclocheilos enoplos (Bleeker, 1850)
Soldier river barb ปลาโจก ปลาตะโกก (Pla Jok, Pla Ta Kok)

Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in the middle to bottom column of the main rivers and streams.
Remarks: Body slender when small, stout when large, plain silvery. Snout rather long and pointed.
Two pairs of barbels around mouth. Dorsal fin long. 35-37 lateral line scales. Circumpeduncularscales 16. Gill rakers on 1st gill arch 16-20. Feeds on bivalves, aquatic insects and algae.

33Northern Thai Fishes
Cyclocheilos furcatus (Sontirat, 1985)
Soldier river barb ปลาโจก ปลาตะโกก (Pla Jok, Pla Ta Kok)

Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in mainstream.
Remarks: Body slender when small, stout when large, plain silvery. Two pairs of barbels aroundmouth. 33-34 lateral line scales. Circumpeduncular scales 14. Gill rakers on 1 st gill arch 12-14.
Often miss-identified with C. enoplos.

Cyclocheilichthys repasson (Bleeker, 1853)
Soldier river barb ปลาตะโกก ปลาไส้ตันตาขาว (Pla Ta Kok, Pla Sai Tan Ta Khao)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Lowland rivers, streams, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body compressed, relatively slender, plain silvery. Circumpeduncular scales 20. Twopairs of short barbels around mouth.

34

Northern Thai Fishes
Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacepède 1803
Common carp ปลาไน (Pla Nai)

Size: 120 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Adults inhabit slow-flowing lowland rivers, reservoirs, and lakes.
Remarks: Considered as an introduced species from China for aquaculture. Body stout, plain
golden to brown. Dorsal fin with 18-22 branched rays. Lateral line scale 29-33. Tow pairs ofbarbels around mouth. Pelvic, anal, and lower lobe of caudal fins are reddish brown. Omnivorous.

Discherodontus schroederi (Smith, 1945)
Redtail brook barb ปลาจาด ปลาแดงน้อย (Pla Jaad, Pla Daeng Noi)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River.
Habitat: Small to medium flowing streams with gravelly to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery. Pharyngeal teeth in 2 rows. Dorsal fin with serrated last simple
ray. Caudal fin with submarginal stripe, and with orange tips. Two pairs of well-developed barbels
around mouth. Feeds on aquatic insects and small invertebrates.

35

Northern Thai Fishes
Epalzeorhynchos bicolor (Smith 1931)
Redtail black shark ปลาทรงเครื่อง (Pla Trong Kruang) Critical Endanger

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Clear flowing water with substrates of boulders, pebbles, gravel, sand, and mud. Often
found in areas with submerged driftwood and tree roots.
Remark: Body slender, black. Caudal fin bright red.

Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Fowler, 1934)
Rainbow shark ปลาทรงเครื่อง (Pla Trong Kruang)Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Clear flowing water with substrates of boulders, pebbles, gravels, sands, and mud.
Remark: Body slender, greenish brown. Fins yellow to orange. Dorsal fin with 10-11 branchedrays. A large black blotch at the base of the caudal fin. A black stripe from snout to the opercle
passing through the eye.

36Northern Thai Fishes
Folifer brevifilis (Peters, 1881)
Point nose masheer ปลาข้อมือนาง (Pla Khor Mue Nang)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing forest streams with gravelly to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender. Snout long and pointed. Mouth inferior with a mental lobe reachingcorner of mouth. Dorsal fin with last simple ray hardened and serrated posteriorly. 40 lateral line
scales.

Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934
Rhinno stone lapping fish ปลามูดหน้านอ (Pla Mood Na Nor)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing mountain streams with rocky bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, dark brown with 5-6 faint longitudinal stripes alongside. Snout with aconspicuous proboscis.

37

Northern Thai Fishes
Garra nasuta (McClelland, 1839)
Khasi Garra ปลามูด (Pla Mood)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Fast-flowing streams with rocky and gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender with plain brown. Snout with a depression in front of the eye. Predorsal
scales 9-10. Lateral line scales 33-34. Dorsal fin with 7-8 branched rays.

Garra notata (Blyth, 1860)
Tenasserim Garra ปลามูดหลังจุด (Pla Mood Lang Jud)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Fast-flowing streams with rocky and gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, dark olive with 5-6 faint longitudinal stripes alongside on posterior halfof body. Dorsal fin with a series of dark spots on base of branched fin rays. Predorsal scales 1416. Snout with a proboscis.

38

Northern Thai Fishes
Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934

Salween stone lapping fish ปลามูดสาละวิน (Pla Mood Salween)Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams.
Remarks: Body slender, dark green with scattered whitish scales. Dorsal fin hyaline. Lateral line
scales 29-36. Caudal fin with white tip and submarginal dark band.

Garra thuenensis Kottelat, 1998
Thuen stone lapping fish ปลาเลียหินแม่น้ำเทิน (Pla Lia Hin Mae Nam Thuen)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Wa River, a tributary of the Chao Phraya River.
Habitat: Clear fast-flowing streams with rocky to gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, dark brown with 6-8 longitudinal stripes alongside. Lateral line scales
49-50. Dorsal fin with 9 branched rays. Mouth inferior with a pair of small barbels.

39

Northern Thai Fishes
Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014
Wa River stone lapping fish ปลาเพชร (Pla Petch)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Wa River, a tributary of the Chao Phraya River.
Habitat: Clear fast-flowing streams with rocky to gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, dark brown with a few longitudinal stripes. Snout with an undeveloped
proboscis in front of nostrils. Dorsal fin with 7 branched rays. Lateral line scales 34-35. Mouth
inferior with no barbel.

Garra cf. cyclostomata
Stone lapping fish ปลามูด (Pla Mood)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Wa River (the Chao Phraya River Basin) and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Clear and fast-flowing streams with rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, plain dark brown dorsal half, light brown ventral half with 5-6 narrow
longitudinal stripes. Fins pink-brown. Snout without transverse groove. Lateral line scales 49-50.
Mouth inferior without barbels. Caudal peduncle 1.5 times longer than depth.

40Northern Thai Fishes
Garra cf. fuliginosa
Stone lapping fish ปลามูด (Pla Mood)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya and the Mekong River Basins.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams over rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body dark brown with irregular light scales. Caudal peduncle with 5-6 faintlongitudinal stripes. Tri-lobed rostrum not developed well. Rostral tubercles moderate size. Laterallines sales 30-31. Dorsal fin hyaline. Caudal fin hyaline. Mouth inferior with 2 pairs of barbels,
and a large circular mental disc. Feeds on periphyton, phytoplankton and aquatic insects.

Hampala dispar Smith, 1945
Spotted hampala ปลากระสูบจุด (Pla Kra Soob Jud)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Slow-flowing streams and deep pools.
Remarks: Body stout and long, silvery with a black spot in the middle of body. Mouth large witha pair of barbels shorter than eye diameter. Fins often reddish. Caudal fin with dark submarginal
stripes. Feeds on crustaceans, aquatic insects, and small fish.

41

Northern Thai Fishes
Hampala macrolepidota (Valenciennes, 1842)
Bar hampala ปลากระสูบขีด (Pla Kra Soob Kheed)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, the Maeklong River Basin, and thestreams in Malay Peninsula.
Habitat: Slow-flowing streams and deep pools.
Remarks: Body stout and long, silvery with a black vertical bar below dorsal fin base. Mouth
large with a pair of barbels longer than eye diameter. Fins often reddish. Caudal fin with dark
submarginal stripes. Lateral line scales 24-25. Feeds on crustaceans, aquatic insects, and small fish.

Hampala salweenensis Doi & Taki, 1994
Salween hampala ปลากระสูบสาละวิน (Pla Kra Soob Salween)Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Slow-flowing streams and deep pools.
Remarks: Body stout and long, silvery with 4 black vertical bars through the eye, the shoulder,
below dorsal fin, and caudal peduncle in juveniles. The bars below dorsal fin and on caudal
peduncle remained in adults. Mouth large with a pair of barbels longer than eye diameter. Fins
often reddish. Caudal fin with thin submarginal stripes. Lateral line scales 26-27.

42Northern Thai Fishes
Henicorhynchus caudimaculatus (Fowler 1934)
Synonym: Henicorhynchus lineatus (Smith, 1945)
Mud barb ปลาสร้อยลาย (Pla Soi Lai)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in medium to large-sized rivers and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body slender (3.5-3.8 times in SL), silvery with 5-6 faint longitudinal stripes alongside.
Lateral line scales 36-38.

Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)
Siamese mud barb ปลาสร้อยขาว (Pla Soi Khao)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in various habitats from large to small rivers, reservoirs, tributaries.
Remarks: Body relatively deep (3.2-3.4 times in SL), plain silvery. Snout relatively short. Lateralline scales 34-36. Gill raker of 1st gill arch 34-40.

43

Northern Thai Fishes
Henicorhynchus entmema (Fowler, 1934)
Synonym: Henicorhynchus lobatus Smith, 1945
Redtail mud barb ปลาสร้อยหางแดง (Pla Soi Hang Daeng)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in medium to large-sized rivers and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body slender, plain silvery. Snout pointed. Caudal fin pinkish. Lateral line scales 3436.

Hypsibarbus cf. lagleri
Tinfoil barb ปลาตะพากลากเลอร์ (Pla Ta Paak Lagler)Size: 35 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing main streams with gravelly, sandy, and muddy substratum.
Remark: Body deep and ovate, strongly compressed, plain silvery. 26-28 lateral line scales. 6
scale rows between lateral line and mid-dorsal scale row at dorsal fin origin. Circumpeduncularscales 14. Anal fin with 6 branched rays.

44

Northern Thai Fishes
Hypsibarbus salweenensis Rainboth, 1996
Salween tinfoil barb ปลาตะพากสาละวิน (Pla Ta Paak Salween)Size: 35 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in mainstreams with sandy, muddy and gravelly substratum.
Remark: 14 circumpeduncular scales. 12 gill rakers on 1 st gill arch. 5 scales between dorsal fin
origin and lateral line. 28-31 lateral line scales.

Hypsibarbus vernayi (Norman, 1925)
Tinfoil barb ปลาตะพาก ปลาปีก (Pla Ta Paak /Pla Peek)

Size: 35 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Mainstream for large adults, tributaries for smaller fish. Prefers sandy, muddy, andgravelly substratum.
Remark: Body robust, silvery. Pelvic, anal, and caudal fin (tips) orange. Predorsal scales 9-11.
Circumpeduncular scales 14. Last simple ray of dorsal fin with rough serrae.

45Northern Thai Fishes
Hypsibarbus wetmorei (Smith, 1931)
Tinfoil barb ปลาตะพาก (Pla Ta Paak)

Size: 35 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Mainstream for large adults, tributaries for smaller fish. Prefers sandy, muddy, andgravelly substratum.
Remark: Body stout, silvery. Pelvic, anal, and caudal fin (tips) orange. Predorsal scale 7-9.
Circumpeduncular scales 14. Last simple ray of dorsal fin with fine serrae.

Labeo catla (Hamilton 1822)
Catla ปลากระโห้เทศ (Pla Kra Ho Desh) Introduced

Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River, the Ganges River Basin. The Mekong River and the Chao
Phraya River (introduced).
Habitat: Occurs in main streams and deep pools.
Remarks: Body deep, dark gray to brown. Head large. Protrusible mouth without barbels. Dorsal
fin with 14-16 branched rays. Lateral line scales 40-43.

46

Northern Thai Fishes
Labeo chrysophekadion (Sauvage, 1880)
Black shark minnow ปลากาดำ ปลาอีตู๋ ปลาเพี้ย (Pla Ka Dam, Pla E-Too, Pla Pia)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River, the Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and Southern partof Thailand.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing rivers, lakes, swamps, and reservoirs with a silty or muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body stout, blackish to greyish dark brown with orange iridescent spots. Dorsal fin
broad with 15-18 branched rays. Mouth inferior with fringed lips.

Labeo pierrei (Sauvage, 1880)
Labeo ปลาหว้า (Pla Wa)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing main streams.
Remarks: Body stout, plain greenish brown with a dark blotch on caudal peduncle. Dorsal fin
with 11 branched dorsal fin rays. Mouth inferior with thickened lips.

47

Northern Thai Fishes
Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
Rohu ปลายี่สกเทศ (Pla Yi Sok Desh) Introduced

Size: 80 cm SL.
Distribution: Introduced from India to Thailand for aquaculture and food security.
Habitat: Occurs in both flowing and stagnant waters of mainstreams and reservoir.
Remarks: Body stout, dark brownish with reddish fins. Dorsal fin with 11-14 branched rays.
Predorsal scales 12-16. Lower profile of head arched.

Labiobarbus leptocheilus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Longfin mud barb ปลาซ่า ปลาสร้อยลูกกล้วย (Pla Sa, Pla Soi Look Klui)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in middle to bottom column in rivers and streams.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with 7 longitudinal dotted stripes alongside. Long-based dorsal
fin with 21-28 branched rays. Circumpeduncular scales 16-20. Maxillary barbel not reaching toposterior margin of eye. Lateral line scales 37-39.

48

Northern Thai Fishes
Labiobarbus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)
Siamese longfin mud barb ปลาซ่า ปลาสร้อยบัว (Pla Sa, Pla Soi Bua)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing waters.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with many longitudinal dotted stripes alongside. Long-based
dorsal fin with 25-30 branched rays. Circumpeduncular scales 20-23. Maxillary barbel beyond
posterior margin of eye. Lateral line scales 40-44.

Lobocheilus rhabdoura (Fowler, 1934)
Double lip barb ปลาสร้อยบัว (Pla Soi Bua)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs mainly in small to medium fast-flowing streams.
Remarks: Body slender with a mid-lateral stripe from snout to the edge of caudal fin. Several
longitudinal stripes alongside in adults. Mouth inferior with thick lower lip forming fleshy disc.
Lateral line scales 33-35.

49

Northern Thai Fishes
Mekongina erythrospila Fowler, 1937
Mekong fish ปลาสะอี (Pla Sa E)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, greenish brown. Mouth inferior without barbel. Dorsal fin with 10
branched rays. Circumpeduncular scales 16. Lateral line scales 34-37.

Mystacoleucus argenteus (Bleeker, 1850)
Salween spiny barb ปลาหนามหลังสาละวิน (Pla Nam Hlang Salween)Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear streams with gravelly to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body compressed, rather deep, plain silvery. Dorsal fin orange with black margin.
Pelvic, anal, and caudal fin yellowish. Anal fin with 6 branched rays. Lateral line scales 33-35.
Predorsal scales12-13. Feed on algae, aquatic insects, and small invertebrates.

50

Northern Thai Fishes
Mystacoleucus chilopterus Fowler, 1935
Spiny barb ปลาหนามหลัง (Pla Nam Hlang)Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Maeklong River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Inhabits in rivers and streams with sandy or gravel bottom.
Remarks: Body compressed, rather deep, plain silvery. Lateral-line scales 24–26, pre-dorsal
scales 6-8. Last simple ray of dorsal fin osseous and denticulated. 4 barbels around mouth. 24-29
lateral line scales. Margin of dorsal and caudal fins with sharply defined black edge. Mainly feeds
on small aquatic insects and shrimps.

Mystacoleucus ectypus Kottelat, 2000
Spiny barb ปลาหนามหลังขาว (Pla Nam Hlang Khao)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear streams with gravelly to sandy substrates.
Remarks: Body silvery, deep (2.6-2.9 times in SL). Barbels absent. Dorsal fin tip with a black
blotch. Circumpeduncular scales 16. 33-37lateral line scales.

51

Northern Thai Fishes
Mystacoleucus greenwayi Pellegrin & Fang, 1940
Spiny barb ปลาหนามหลัง ปลาตาใส (Pla Nam Hlang, Pla Ta Sai)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Maeklong River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with gravelly to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body slender (body depth 32% of SL) with small crescentic black marks. Maxillarybarbels longer than half of pupil diameter. Feeds on small invertebrates and terrestrial insects.

Mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes 1842)
Spiny barb ปลาหนามหลัง ปลาขีย้ อก (Pla Nam Hlang, Pla Nam Bee, Pla Khee Yok)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Maeklong River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing rivers and streams with sandy to gravelly substratum. Found inreservoirs as well.
Remarks: Body relatively deep, silvery with many black crescentic marks. Dorsal and anal finswith black margin. 24-26 lateral line scales.

52Northern Thai Fishes
Neolissochilus stracheyi (Pelligrin & Fang, 1940)
Blue masheer ปลาพลวง (Pla Pluang)Size: 120 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Salween River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in first flowing forest streams with gravelly to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, bronze back and silvery belly with a dark mid-lateral stripe. Dorsal fin
with not spiny last simple ray, and 9 branched rays. A large patch of tubercles from side of snout.

Neolissochilus vittatus (Smith, 1945)

Black stripe mahseer ปลาพลวงแถบดำ (Pla Pluang Thep Dam)

Size: 60 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in forest streams, with gravelly to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body with a mid-lateral stripe. Dorsal profile convex. Dorsal fin with 8
branched rays.

53

Northern Thai Fishes
Onychostoma gerlachi (Peters, 1881)
Shovel-jaw barb ปลาขิ่ง (Pla Khing)Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Mountain streams with clear and fast-flowing water with rocky to gravelly substratum.
Remark: Body slender, silvery. Shovel-like mouth with the width 1.5 times in head width. Caudal
peduncle depth 1.7-2.7 times in length. Last simple ray of dorsal fin serrated in adults. 46-48 lateralline scales. Feeds on benthic algae.

Onychostoma meridionale Kottelat, 1998
Shovel-jaw barb ปลาขิ่ง (Pla Khing)Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Mountain streams with clear and fast-flowing water with rocky to gravelly substratum.
Remark: Body slender, silvery. Shovel-like mouth with the width 2.2-2.3 times in head width.
Caudal peduncle depth 2.4-2.8 times in length. Last simple ray of dorsal fin smooth. 46-47 lateralline scales. Feeds on benthic algae.

54Northern Thai Fishes
Osteobrama feae (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Salween Bream ปลาไข่ออง (Pla Kai Oong)

Size: 23 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River and the Irrawaddy River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing water of main streams with gravelly to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body deep and ovate, strongly compressed with an abdominal keel from pelvic fin baseto vent. Lateral line scales 63-75. Anal fin with 26-29 branched rays. Two pairs of barbels aroundmouth.

Osteochilus lini Fowler, 1935
Dusky face bony lip barb ปลาสร้อยนกเขาหน้าหมอง (Pla Soi Nok Khao Naa Mong)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in various habitats from small to large-sized rivers, swamps, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with a dusky humeral spot (not always distinct). Dorsal fin with
12-13 branched rays. Gill rakers on 1st gill arch 28-33.

55

Northern Thai Fishes
Osteochilus melanopleurus (Bleeker, 1852)
Giant bony lip barb ปลาพรม ปลาพรมหัวเหม็น (Pla Plom, Pla Plom Hua Men)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in middle to bottom column of large rivers.
Remarks: Body deep, silvery with a dusky humeral bar. Snout blunt. Mouth upturned with 2 pairsof barbels. Scales very small. Lateral line scales 43-53. Dorsal fin with 16-18 branched rays. Gillrakers 23-35. Eyes red. Feeds on phytoplankton, and benthic algae.

Osteochilus microcephalus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Small head stripes bony lip barb ปลาร่องไม้ตบั หัวเล็ก (Pla Rong Mai Tab)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in various habitats from small to large-sized rivers, swamps, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with a mid-lateral stripe from snout to caudal fin base. Gill rakers
on 1st gill arch 27-35. Dorsal fin with 10-13 branched rays. Three tubercules at the tip of snout.

56

Northern Thai Fishes
Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Synonym: Osteochilus hasseltii (Valenciennes, 1842)
Silver bony lip barb ปลาสร้อยนกเขา (Pla Soi Nok Khao)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River and widely distributed in Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in various habitats from small to large-sized rivers, streams, ponds, swamps, andreservoirs with muddy to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body with several longitudinal dotted lines alongside. A dark blotch on caudal
peduncle. Pelvic, anal, and caudal fin reddish. Dorsal fin with 15-18 branched rays.

Osteochilus waandersi (Bleeker, 1852)
Stripes bony lip barb ปลาร่องไม้ตับ (Pla Rong Mai Tab)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in various habitats from small to large-sized rivers, streams, ponds, swamps, andreservoirs.
Remarks: Body slender with a mid-lateral stripe from shout to the posterior edge of caudal fin.
Dorsal fin with 11-12 branched rays. Lateral line scales 35-36. Gill rakers on 1st gill arch 40-60.

57

Northern Thai Fishes
Pethia stoliczkana (Day, 1871)
Bantam brook carp ปลามุมหมาย/ปลามะไฟ (Pla Mum May/Pla Mafai)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River and the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear forest streams with aquatic plants and gravelly to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body silvery, flank behind gill opening and caudal peduncle with vertically elongatedblack blotch; active male red with black margin and two rows of black spots; no barbels; last
simple dorsal ray fine serrated posteriorly.

Poropuntius bantamensis (Rendahl, 1920)
Bantam brook carp ปลาจาดบ้านถ้ำ (Pla Jaad Ban Tham)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and the Salween River Basin .
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing forest streams with gravelly to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with a dark mid-lateral stripe. 11-13 predorsal scales. 30-36
lateral line scales. Caudal fin with no submarginal stripes.

58

Northern Thai Fishes
Poropuntius hathe Roberts, 1998
Hathe brook carp ปลาจาดหางแดง (Pla Jaad Hang Daeng)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Moei River and the Yuam River of the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear forest streams with water falls and gravelly to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body silvery, deep 2.5-3.0 times in SL. 14 predorsal scales. 32-34 lateral line scales.
14 predorsal scales. Caudal fin reddish with dark submarginal stripes.

Poropuntius heterolepidotus Roberts, 1998
Multi-scale brook carp ปลาจาดหางดำ (Pla Jaad Hang Dam)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Moei River of the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing forest streams with gravelly to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body deep, silvery. Scales on posterior half of body remarkably smaller than those on
anterior half of body. 15-17 predorsal scales. 39-40 lateral line scales. 17-18 circumpeduncularscales. Caudal fin without submarginal stripes.

59Northern Thai Fishes
Poropuntius laoensis (Günther, 1868)
Lao brook carp ปลาจาดลาว (Pla Jaad Lao)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear forest streams and gravelly to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body oblong, depth 2.8-3.1 times in SL; depth of caudal peduncle 1.1-1.3 times in its
length; shorter dorsal fin. 22-24 circumferential scale rows; 11-13 predorsal scales. Caudal fin withyellow and black submarginal stripes.

Poropuntius scapanognathus Robert, 1998
Sharp-mouth brook carp ปลาจาดปากคม (Pla Jaad Paak Kom)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Moei River in the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear forest streams with water falls and gravelly to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body fusiform, silvery with a dark mid-lateral stripe. Caudal fin with dark submarginal
stripes. Dorsal fin with a dark stripe along the last simple ray. No barbels. Mouth with a horny jaw
sheath.

60

Northern Thai Fishes
Probarbus jullieni Sauvage, 1880
Seven-line barb ปลายีส
่ ก (Pla Yi Sok)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main streams with sandy or gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, 5 longitudinal stripes above lateral line. Dorsal fin with smooth last
simple ray and 9 branched rays. Feeds on aquatic plants, insects, and mollusks. International tradebanned (CITES Appendix I).

Puntigrus partipentazona (Fowler, 1934)
Tiger barb ปลาเสือข้างลาย (Pla Sua Khang Lai)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River, the Chao Phraya River, and wildly distributed in Thailand.
Habitat: Prefers in stagnant or slow-flowing water with dense vegetation.
Remark: Body with 5 bars (3rd bar short, mostly covering dorsal fin). Lateral line incompletewith 7-10 pored scales. Popular in ornamental fish trade.

61

Northern Thai Fishes
Puntioplites proctozystron (Bleeker, 1865)
Smith’s barb ปลากะมัง ปลาเหลี่ยม ปลาวี (Pla Ka Mang, Pla Liam, Pla Vee)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mae Klong River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing rivers and streams, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body deep, compressed, plain silvery. Last simple ray of dorsal fin and anal fin spinous,
serrated posteriorly, and elongated. Feeds mainly on insects and zooplankton.

Puntius masyai Smith 1945
Swamp barb ปลาตะเพียนทราย (Pla Ta Pien Sai)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin .
Habitat: Usually occurs in slow-flowing or standing water of small water bodies.
Remark: Body relatively deep, silvery with a black spot on dorsal fin, and on caudal peduncle.
22-23 lateral line scales. A pair of minute barbels around mouth. Last simple ray of dorsal finsmooth.

62Northern Thai Fishes
Puntius brevis (Bleeker 1849)
Swamp barb ปลาตะเพียนทราย (Pla Ta Pien Sai)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Clear and slow-flowing streams from lowland to highland.
Remark: Body relatively deep, silvery with a black spot on caudal peduncle. No spot on dorsal
fin. A pair of barbels around mouth. Last simple ray of dorsal fin smooth.

Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus (Fowler, 1934)
Transverse mouth barb ปลามอนหนามหลัง ปลาม่ำ (Pla Mon Nam Lang, Pla Mum)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Clear and fast- flowing mountain streams with rocks and stones on the bottom.
Remark: Body slender, silvery. Snout blunt with some tubercles. Mouth subterminal with sharp
cutting edge. 37-39 lateral line scales. Dorsal fin with11-12 branched rays.27-31 gill rakers on 1stgill arch. Pharyngeal teeth in 3 rows.

63Northern Thai Fishes
Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus (Fowler, 1934)
Burmese Transverse mouth barb ปลามอนพม่า ปลาม่ำ (Pla Mon Burma, Pla Mum)

Size: 30 cm
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Clear and fast running water in the mountainous and Salween main river.
Remark: Lateral line scales 36-39. Dorsal fin with 9-11 branched rays. Gill rakers 30-32 on 1stgill arch. Pharyngeal teeth in 2 rows.

Scaphognathops bandanensis Boonyaratpalin & Srirungroj, 1971
Sharp mouth barb ปลาปากเปลี่ยนบ้านด่าน (Pla Paak Plian Baan Daan)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Flowing mainstreams with sandy, muddy, and gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body deep, oval, strongly compressed. Snout pointed, lower lip present at the cornerof the mouth. No barbels. Caudal fin pale yellow to grey in life. Dorsal fin with 9 branched rays.
Anal fin with 5 branched rays. Feeds mainly on detritus, periphyton, worms and insects.

64Northern Thai Fishes
Sikukia gudgeri (Smith, 1934)
Sikuk barb ปลาสีกุก (Pla Si Kuk)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main streams as large schools.
Remarks: Body moderately deep, plain silvery without any coloration. Last simple ray of dorsal
fin serrated. Mouth subterminal without barbels. Anal fin with 5 branched rays. Gill rakers on 1 stgill arch 25-27. Each gill raker plumose. Feeds on algae.

Sikukia stejnegeri Smith, 1931
Black dorsal sikuk barb ปลาสีกกุ หลังดำ (Pla Si Kuk Hlang Dam

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main streams.
Remarks: Body rather slender, silvery with a black blotch on the base of dorsal fin. Mouth small,
subterminal, without barbels. Last simple ray of dorsal fin serrated posteriorly. Anal fin with 6
branched rays.

65

Northern Thai Fishes
Systomus rubripinnis (Valenciennes 1842)
Red cheek barb ปลาแก้มช้ำ ปลาปกส้ม (Pla Kam Cham, Pla Pok Som)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River, the Chao Phraya River, and the Mekong River Basin, andstreams in Malay Peninsula.
Habitat: Found in various types of habitats from lowland to highland.
Remark: Body slender, silvery with a black spot on caudalpeduncle. Cheek reddish. Caudal fin
with submarginal black stripes. Anal, pelvic, and caudal fins often red in adults. Two pairs ofbarbels around mouth.

Systomus cf. rubripinnis
Red cheek barb ปลาแก้มช้ำ (Pla Kam Cham)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Found in various types of habitats from lowland to highland.
Remark: Similar to S. rubripinnis, but differs in not having a black spot on caudal peduncle andsubmarginal stripes on caudal fin.

66

Northern Thai Fishes
Tariqilabeo burmanicus (Hora, 1936)
Burmese latia, Burmese stone roller ปลาส่อพม่า (Pla Sor Pama)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River and the Irrawaddy River Basin.
Habitat: Clear flowing streams with rocky, gravelly and stony substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with a thick mid-lateral stripe from behind gill to caudal finbase. Crescent-shaped spots present on 5th–6th lateral-line scales, and extending onto anterior
halves of scales above and below. Dorsal fin with 9 branched rays. Number of lateral line scales
39-41. Mouth inferior without maxillary barbel. Gill rakers on the first gill arch 50-53.

Tariqilabeo bicornis (Wu, 1977)
Stone roller ปลาส่อ (Pla Sor)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Both fast- and slow-flowing waters with rocky, gravelly, and stony substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish on the back, light pink below with irregular dark spots on scales.
Mid-lateral stripe thin. Triangular rostral flaps present on tip of snout.

67

Northern Thai Fishes
Tor sinensis Wu, 1977
Red mahseer ปลาเวียนแดง (Pla Vien Daeng)

Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Adults occur in fast-flowing rivers with gravelly to rocky substratum. Juveniles occur inswift mountain streams.
Remark: Body stout, silvery with a mid-lateral stripe. Mouth with a mental lobe behind lower lip
extending beyond the corner of mouth. Fins are reddish in adults. 23-24 lateral line scales. Dorsal
fin with 8 branched rays. 8-10 predorsal scales. 20-22 gill rakers on first gill arch.

Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842)
White mahseer, ปลาเวียนขาว (Pla Vien Khao)

Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Adults occur in fast flowing large rivers with rocky to bebble bottom. Young fish seenin flowing streams.
Remark: Body compressed, plain silvery. Mental lobe of lower lip not reaching to corners ofmouth. Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays. Lateral line scale 23-24.

68Northern Thai Fishes
Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854)
Thai mahseer ปลาเวียน (Pla Vien)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Adults occur in fast-flowing large rivers with gravelly to cobble substratum. Juveniles
occur rapid streams connected to large rivers.
Remarks: Body stout, plain silvery without mid-lateral stripe. 20 gill rakers on first gill arch. Last
simple ray of dorsal fin smooth. Dorsal fin with 9 branched rays. Fleshy mental lobe under lower
jaw reaching the corner of mouth.

Family Gyrinocheilidae
Gyrinocheilus aymonieri Fowler, 1937
Honey sucker fish ปลาลูกผึ้ง/ปลาดูด (Pla Look Phueng/Pla Dood)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, cylindrical, silvery with 2 longitudinal rows of dark spots alongside injuveniles. Dorsal fin with 9 branched rays. Lateral line scales 36-40

69

Northern Thai Fishes
Family Nemacheilidae
Nemacheilidae sp.
Salween stream loach ปลาค้อสาละวิน (Pla Kor Salween)Size: 5.9 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Mainstreams and associated tributaries.
Remarks: Jaws covered by horny sheaths with sharp edges. No processus dentiformis. Notch on
lower jaw present. Basal caudal bar complete with only backward directed at upper and lower
extremity caudal fin base. Body with 10 regular bars wider than bright orange interspaces. Eyediameter nearly equal to interorbital space. Head short with blunt snout. Caudal fin with 8+8
branched rays. Dorsal fin with 7 branched rays.

Paracanthocobitis mandalayensis (Rendahl, 1948)
Pink tail stream loach ปลาอีดใหญ่หางชมพู (Pla Eed Hang Chom Poo)

Size 10.9 cm SL.
Distribution: Chao Phraya River Basin (The Mae Tuen River, and the Wang River), and the
Irrawaddy River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing streams with a sandy to gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, light brownish with 10-11 vertical dark bars. An ocellus on the dorsalside of the caudal fin base. Suborbital flap present. Dorsal fin with 10-11 branched rays. Pelvic fin
with 6 branched rays.

70Northern Thai Fishes
Paracanthocobitis nigrolineata Singer, Pfeiffer & Page 2017
Mini stream loach ปลาอีดเล็ก (Pla Eed Lek)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Moei River (The Salween River basin)
Habitat: Clear and slow-flowing streams with gravelly to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, lateral line ending near dorsal-fin insertion; dorsal-fin rays with 9½–10½
branched; black stripe along side of body, usually overlying black lateral blotches extending
ventrally from lateral stripe; no marmorated pattern anterior to dorsal-fin origin; black dorsal
saddles short, not connecting to lateral blotches; 8 branched upper caudal-fin rays.

Paracanthocobitis cf. zonalternans
Mini stream loach ปลาอีดเล็ก (Pla Eed Lek)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (The Mae Chaem River, and the Mae Tuen River)
Habitat: Clear and slow-flowing streams with gravelly to sandy substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with a mid-lateral black stripe from snout to caudal fin base.
Black spots or bars often seen on the mid-lateral stripe. Lateral line incomplete, ending at dorsal
fin insertion. Dorsal fin with 10 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 6 branched rays. Caudal fin with 5
dark bands.

71

Northern Thai Fishes
Nemacheilus binotatus Smith, 1933
Two-spotted stream loach ปลาค้อสองจุด (Pla Kor Song Jud)

Size 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Meklong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow- to fast-flowing streams with sandy to pebble substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, yellowish with a mid-lateral black stripe from snout to caudal fin base,and a mid-dorsal stripe. One small black spot on the mid-lateral stripe between gill cover anddorsal fin origin.

Nemacheilus pallidus Kottelat, 1996
Stream loach ปลาค้อสีจาง (Pla Kor See Jang)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in medium- to fast-flowing streams with sandy to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, greenish brown with 14-19 dark blotches along lateral line, and 12-17
saddles along the back. Spots and saddles thinner than interspaces. A black spot at the middle ofcaudal fin base, and at the anterior part of dorsal fin. Body depth 14.8-19.1% of SL, interorbital
width 5.7-8.0% of SL.

72

Northern Thai Fishes
Nemacheilus platiceps Kottelat, 1996
Flat head stream loach ปลาค้อหัวแบน (Pla Kor Hua Ban)

Size 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in moderate- to fast-flowing streams with sandy to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender with brownish with 12-16 regular bars with paler center. A black spot at
the middle of caudal fin base. Caudal fin forked.

Neonoemacheilus labeosus (Kottelat, 1982)
Sweet lip stream loach ปลาค้อปากหนา (Pla Kor Pak Na)

Size 4.2 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Salween River basin.
Habitats: Occurs in clean and fast flowing streams with pebbles, gravels, and sands on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, grayish with 18-20 dark regular bars reaching only to mid-lateral line.
Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays.

73

Northern Thai Fishes
Physoschistura chulabhornae Suvarnaraksha, 2013
Chulabhorn Princess stream loach ปลาค้อเจ้าฟ้าจุฬาภรณ์ (Pla Kor Chao Fah Chu Lar Bhorn)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mae Chaem River and the Mae Tuen River of the Chao Phraya Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear streams with sandy to rocky substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, light brown with 8-10 horizontally oblong blotches along the mid-lateralline. Lateral incomplete, reaching to anal fin with 62-83 pores. Dorsal fin with 7 branched rays,
Caudal fin with 8+8 branched rays.

Physoschistura pseudobrunneana Kottelat, 1996
Sand burrow stream loach ปลาค้อทราย (Pla Kor Sai)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Kok River and the Mae Lao River (Chao Phraya River Basin) and the MekongRiver Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing streams with sandy, gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, gray to brown with vertical bars (no blotch). Dorsal fin with 8
branched rays. Caudal fin with 8+8 branched rays. Lateral line incomplete with 16-37 pores.

74

Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura alticrista Kottelat, 1996
High crest stream loach ปลาค้อหางสัน (Pla Kor Hang San)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body rather stout, yellow with 8-10 dark bars. Dorsal fin with 9 branched rays.
Conspicuous adipose crests along the mid-dorsal and the mid-ventral line of caudal peduncle.
Lateral line incomplete, not beyond pelvic fin.

Schistura cf. aurantiaca
Orange bar stream loach ปลาค้อแถบส้ม (Pla Kor Thep Som)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Nan River a tributary of the Upper Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on thebottom.
Remarks: Body robust and slender, narrow inter orange-yellowish space between 7-8 regular darkbrown bars on flank. Dorsal fin with 8½ branched rays. A bar at the base of caudal fin connected.
Lateral line complete. Caudal fin with 8+9 branched rays.

75

Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura bella Kottelat, 1996
Beautiful stream loach ปลาค้อสวย (Pla Kor Suay)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin (The Kok River) .
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing streams with silts, sands, gravels, and pebbles.
Remarks: Body slender, with a series of irregular bars and saddles. Caudal fin with 9+8 branchedrays. Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays. Lateral line complete. Males without suborbital flap.

Schistura breviceps (Smith, 1945)
Short head stream loach ปลาค้อหัวสั้น (Pla Kor Hua San)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (the Ping River, the Wang River, and the Yom River).
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body rather stout, brownish with 8-10 dark bars. Cheeks conspicuously inflated.
Lateral line incomplete, reaching to anal fin origin. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. A blackbar on caudal fin base broadened dorso-ventrally.

76

Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura cincticauda (Blyth, 1860)
Belt caudal stream loach ปลาค้อคอดหางแถบ (Pla Kor Khod Hang Thep)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, yellowish with about 10 dark bars. Dorsal fin with 7 branched rays. A
black spot at anterior base of dorsal fin. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. Lateral line incomplete.
Pelvic fin with 5 branched rays.

Schistura cf. coruscans
Large bar stream loach ปลาค้อแถบใหญ่ (Pla Kor Thep Yai)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Nan River of the Chao Phraya Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in small streams of highland with gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on thebottom.
Remarks: Body robust, with 7-8 lateral regular large bars alongside. Snout blunt with numerous
tubercle in male and short barbels. Lateral line complete. Dorsal fin with 8½ branched rays. Caudal
fin blight red in adult with 9+7 branched rays.

77

Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura desmotes (Fowler, 1934)
Prisoner stream loach ปลาค้อบั้ง (Pla Kor Bang)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (the Ping River, the Wang River, and the Nan River).
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brown with 7-9 regular dark bars. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays.

Schistura dubia (Fowler, 1934)
Dubia Stream loach ปลาค้อดูเบีย่ (Pla Kor Du Bia)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Yom River (the Chao Phraya River Basin).
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brown with 8-11 bars. Lateral line incomplete, reaching to anal fin origin.
Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. A black bar at the base of
caudal fin dissociated into 2 parts, the upper part in a round spot, the lower part in a short bar.

78

Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura geisleri Kottelat, 1996

Spotted sand diver stream loach ปลาค้อทรายจุด (Pla Kor Sai Jud)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya Basin (tributaries of the Ping River).
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with sandy, gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, translucent with a mid-lateral row of 10-11 dark blotches, and a middorsal row of 10-14 dark saddles. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 8 branched
rays.

Schistura isostigma Kottelat, 1998
Sand diver stream loach ปลาค้อจุดเท่า (Pla Kor Jud Tao)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mae Khan River, the Chao Phraya Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with sandy, gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, translucent with a mid-lateral series of 5-6 isometric round blotches, and6-8 saddles along back. Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 7 branched rays. Caudal
fin with 8+8 branched rays.

79

Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura kengtungensis (Fowler, 1936)
Chiangtung stream loach ปลาค้อเชียงตุง (Pla Kor Chiang Tung)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mae Lao River (the Mekong River Basin).
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with boulders, pebbles, gravels, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with around 8 regular bars. A black bar on caudal fin basebroadened dorso-ventrally. Lateral line complete. Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays. Caudal fin with
9+8 branched rays. No suborbital flap. Caudal peduncle deep (depth 0.84-1.33 times of length).

Schistura maejotigrina Suvarnaraksha, 2012
Maejo tiger stream loach ปลาค้อลายเสือแม่โจ้ (Pla Kor Lai Sua Mae Jo)

Size 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (the Mae Chaem River, and the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing streams with gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brown with irregular tiger stripes with wavy black stripes above thelateral line. No median incision on the upper lip. Lateral line complete. No elongated skinfolds onthe dorsal side of the second and third branched pectoral-fin rays in males. Scales embedded inskins.

80Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura maepaiensis (Kottelat, 1996)
Pai’s stream loach ปลาค้อแม่น้ำปาย (Pla Kor Mae Nam Pai)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Salween River Basin (the Pai River, the Moei River, and the Yuam
River).
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, and pebbles bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, light brown with 10-13 dark bars. A black bar at caudal fin basedissociated into 2 parts, Dorsal fin with 9-10 branched rays. Caudal fin deeply forked with 9+8
branched rays. Eye diameter larger than interorbital space.

Schistura mahnerti Kottelat, 1996
Salween split bar stream loach ปลาค้อแถบหน้าถี่สาละวิน (Pla Kor Theb Na Thee Salween)Size: 5.9 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing streams with silts, sands, gravels, and pebbles.
Remarks: Body slender, light brownish with narrow anterior bars and broad posterior bars in
adults. Juveniles with 5-6 broad bars. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. Dorsal fin with 8
branched rays. Suborbital flap present.

81Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura menanensis (Smith, 1945)
Nan’s stream loach ปลาค้อแม่น้ำน่าน (Pla Kor Mae Nam Nan)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: Tributaries of the Upper Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on
the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brown yellowish with a broad mid-lateral dark band overlapped by 1011 regular dark bars. A bar at the base of caudal fin connected. Lateral line incomplete, reaching
to middle of dorsal fin.

Schistura moeiensis Kottelat, 1996
Moei’s stream loach ปลาค้อแม่น้ำเมย (Pla Kor Mae Nam Moei)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Moei River, the Yuam River, the Pai River in the Salween River
Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in the streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with 10-13 dark bars. A black bar at the caudal fin base notdissociated. Lateral line incomplete, reaching near to anal fin origin. Caudal fin with 9+8 branchedrays. Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays.

82

Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura nicholsi (Smith, 1933)
Nichol’s stream loach ปลาค้อนิโคล (Pla Kor Ni Chol)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin (the Maesalong River, the Fang River, and the Maekham
River).
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on
the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish yellow with 7-14 bars. A black bar at caudal base extending
dorsal and ventral midlines. Dorsal fin with 8 branched lays. Lateral line incomplete, reaching toanal fin base.

Schistura oedipus Kottelat, 1988
Maelana cave stream loach ปลาค้อถ้ำแม่ละนา (Pla Kor Tham Mae La Na)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to Maelana Cave and Susa Cave, the Maelana stream, in the Salween River
Basin.
Habitat: Living in the clear and slow-flowing underground stream with silty and muddy
substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, plain pink or all white. No eyes.

83Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura pridii Vidthayanon 2003
Mini dragon loach ปลาค้อปรีดี (Pla Kor Pree Dee) EndemicSize: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (The Mae Tang River, and the Mae Chaem River).
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with sandy, gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body subcylindrical, with yellowish brown with 4 black bars on body, one black bar
on head, 2 dark spots on caudal fin base. Feeds on small aquatic insect larvae.

Schistura poculi (Smith, 1945)
Split bars stream loach ปลาค้อแถบหน้าถี่ (Pla Kor Theb Na Thee)

Size: 5.9 cm SL
Distribution: The Mekong River, the Chao Phraya River, and the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing streams with silts, sands, gravels, and pebbles.
Remarks: About 5-8 broad vertical bars along body in juveniles. In adults, narrow vertical stripes
on anterior half of body, and broader stripes on posterior half. Caudal fin with 8+7 branched rays.
Suborbital flaps absent in both sexes. Caudal fin with marked with 2-3 vertical stripes, and reddish
color on the base in adults.

84Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura reidi (Smith, 1945)
Reid’s stream loach ปลาค้อเรียด (Pla Kor Ried)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on thebottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish yellow with 9-14 bars. A black bar at the base of caudal fin
usually dissociated. Caudal peduncle depth 0.84-1.33 times in length. Lateral line complete. Dorsal
fin with 8 branched rays. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. Axillary scales present.

Schistura cf. russa
Golden stream loach ปลาค้อสีทอง (Pla Kor See Tong)

Size: 6 cm SL.
Distribution: The Maekham stream, a tributary of the Kok River in the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, plain light brown. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. Dorsal fin with 8
branched rays. Lateral line complete.

85Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura schultzi (Smith, 1945)
Schultz’s stream loach ปลาค้อซูลท์ (Pla Kor Schultz)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Kok River and the Ing River (the Mekong River Basin), and Nan River (ChaoPhraya River Basin).
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body rather stout, light brown with 13-18 irregular vertical stripes. Lateral line
complete.

Schistura sexcauda (Fowler, 1937)
Six caudal bars stream loach ปลาค้อหกแถบ (Pla Kor Hog Thep)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the upper Ping River, Chao Phraya Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on
the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish, usually with 8-10 regular bars (sometimes fewer or lackingbars). Lateral line complete. Lateral head length 104-120% HL. Caudal peduncle depth 0.84-1.33
times in length. Basal caudal bar complete. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays, red in adults.

86Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura similis Kottelat, 1996
Stream loach ปลาค้อ (Pla Kor)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Salween River Basin (the Pai River, the Yuam River, the Moei
River).
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on
the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with 7-14 regular bars which are wider than interspaces.
Basal caudal bar complete and thin. Lateral line complete. Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays. Eyediameter smaller than interorbital space.

Schistura sirindhornae Suvarnaraksha, 2015
Crown scaly stream loach ปลาค้อสมเด็จพระเทพ (Pla Kor Som Dej Pra Thep)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: Khunkoon stream, a small tributary of the Nan River, Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body relatively stout, dark brown with irregular tiger stripes. Scales not embedded inskins. Dorsal fin with 6-7 branched rays. Caudal fin with 8+8 branched rays. Suborbital flap spoonshaped. Pelvic-fin origin in front of the dorsal-fin origin.

87Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura spilota Fowler, 1934
Large blotch stream loach ปลาค้อจุดใหญ่ (Pla Kor Jud Yai)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Ping River, the Wang River, the Chao Phraya Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in streams with gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brown to grey with 7-10 lateral blotches alongside associated withregular bars. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays.

Schistura cf. thavonei
Stream loach ปลาค้อแถบหน้าถี่ลายเปรอะ (Pla Kor Theb Na Thee Lai Preo)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on
the bottom.
Remarks: Lateral line incomplete. Body slender and long, irregular dark bar on flank. Snout
blunts with short barbels. Caudal fin with vertical bar. Black basal bar not complete, only central
part not reaching ventral and dorsal midline. Dorsal fin with 7 ½ branched rays. Caudal fin with
8+7 branched rays.

88Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura vinciguerrae (Hora, 1935)
Stream loach ปลาค้อแถบหน้าถี่วินซิกูร่า (Pla Kor Theb Na Thee Vinciguerra)

Size: 6 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing streams with silts, sands, gravels, and pebbles.
Remarks: Body slender, grayish with narrow vertical stripes on anterior half, broad bars on
posterior half. Suborbital flap absent. Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays. Caudal fin with 9+8
branched rays.

Schistura waltoni (Fowler, 1937)
Walton’s Stream loach ปลาค้อวัลตัน (Pla Kor Wal Ton)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on
the bottom.
Remarks: Lateral line complete. Body slender, brownish with 9-12 dark bars. Caudal peduncle
depth 0.84-1.11 times in length. Lateral head length 113-127% HL. Black basal bar complete but
not reaching ventral and dorsal midline.

89Northern Thai Fishes
Schistura sp1.

Flathead stream loach ปลาค้อหัวแบน (Pla Kor Hua Ban)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on
the bottom.
Remarks: Head flat, barbel short and slightly upward pointed mouth. Body slender and elongate
with plain uniform brownish. Lateral line incomplete. Dorsal fin with 7 branched rays. Caudal fin
with 8+8 branched rays. Black basal bar incomplete, not reaching ventral and dorsal midline.

Schistura sp2.

Nude back stream loach ปลาค้อหลังเปลือย (Pla Kor Lang Pleoy)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
abitat: Occurs in clear slow-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and lime stone
bed rock on the bottom.
Remarks: Head blunt, barbel short. Body robust with the mid-lateral stripe; plain dorsum withsingle saddle at dorsal fin origin; lateral line runs beyond to pectoral fin tip; vertical lower halfdark basal caudal-fin base. Dorsal fin with 8½ branched rays. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays.
Black basal bar incomplete, only lower half of caudal peduncle.

90Northern Thai Fishes
Sectoria atriceps (Smith, 1945)
Blackhead stream loach ปลาค้อหัวดำ (Pla Kor Hua Dam)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Nan River (the Chao Phraya River Basin)
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sands, gravels, boulders, pebbles, and rocks on
the bottom.
Remarks: Body with numerous bars wider than interspaces. Basal caudal bar thin. Lateral line
complete. Dorsal fin with 9 branched rays. Both jaws covered by horny sheaths and with sharpedges. Upper jaw without processus dentiformis. Lower jaw without a notch. Lips very thin andwide, not completely covering jaws.

Tuberoschistura baezingeri Kottelat, 1983
Large scale stream loach ปลาค้อเกล็ดใหญ่ (Pla Kor Kled Yai)

Size: 4.9 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and streams in Malay Peninsula.
Habitat: Small flowing streams.
Remarks: Body slender, whitish with small dots scattered on head and body. Pectoral fins long,reaching to the base of pelvic fin. No axillary pelvic lobe. Anus just after the pelvic girdle. Dorsal
fin with 9-10 branched rays.

91

Northern Thai Fishes
Family Balitoridae
Balitora brucei Gray, 1830
Gray’s stone loach ปลาจิง้ จกปากตุ่ม (Pla Jing Jok Pak Tum)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (The Maetang River and tributaries).
Habitat: Occurs in fast flowing water with stony and rocky bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, depressed, brown with a series of 5-6 black blotches along mid-dorsal
line. Pectoral fin and pelvic fin not overlapping. Head width 86-105%HL. A single barbel at eachcorner of mouth. Pectoral fin with 9 simple rays. Pelvic fin with 9-10 branched rays. Lateral line
scales 65.

Balitora burmanica Hora, 1933
Burmese stream loach ปลาจิ้งจกพม่า (Pla Jing Jok Myanmar)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Living in fast and clear running water, with stone and rocky bottom.
Remarks: Caudal peduncle length 3-4 times in caudal peduncle depth. Dorsal fin origin above
pelvic fin origin. Head width 73- 85% HL. Pectoral fin with 8-10 simple rays.

92

Northern Thai Fishes
Balitora lancangjiangensis (Zheng, 1980)
Mekong flat stream loach ปลาจิง้ จกแม่น้ำโขง (Pla Jing Jok Me Nam Khong)Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Kok River basin, the Maelao River basin, the Ing River basin and othertributaries of upper the Mekong River basin in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai and Payao provinces.
Habitat: Living in clear and riffle running water, with stony and rocky bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, strongly depressed, brown with a series of 6–7 black blotches along middorsal line. A small maxillary barbel at each corner of mouth. Pectoral fin with 7-9 simple rays
and 11-12 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 8-9 branched rays. Lateral line scales 59–62.

Cryptotora thamicola (Kottelat, 1988)
Waterfall climbing cavefish ปลาจิ้งจกถ้ำ (Pla Jing Jok Tham)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Pai River in the Salween River Basin. (Maelana cave and Susa cave)
Habitat: Restricted to fast-flowing subterranean streams with rocky substrates.
Remarks: No eyes. Scaleless slender body whitish.

93Northern Thai Fishes
Hemimyzon nanensis (Doi & Kottelat, 1998)
Nan's butterfly fish ปลาจิง้ จกน่าน (Pla Jing Jok Nan)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Nan River (Chao Phraya Basin).
Habitat: Occurs in clear streams with riffle and rocky substates.
Remarks: Brownish 7-9 blotches along mid-dorsal line. Pectoral fin with IX-XI, 10-12. Pelvic fin
with III-IV, 8-9. Lateral line scales 59-63. Distance between pelvic fin bases 8.1-9.6% SL.

Homalopteroides cf. indochinensis
Indochinese thin lip stone loach ปลาจิ้งจกสั้นอินโดจีน (Pla Jing Jok Sun Indochine)Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai and Payao provinces.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with bedrock or stony bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, depressed, brownish with a mid-lateral stripe from eye and caudal finbase. Pelvic fin tip not reaching to anus. Pectoral fin with 16 rays. Lateral line scales 42-44.

94

Northern Thai Fishes
Homalopteroides modestus (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Salween thin lip stone loach ปลาจิ้งจกสั้นสาละวิน (Pla Jing Jok Sun Salween)Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin (The Moei River, the Yuam River, the Pai River)
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with bedrock or stony substratum.
Remarks: Pectoral fin with 15 rays. Pectoral fin longer than HL. Axillary pelvic lobe present.
Pelvic fin not beyond anus.

Homalopteroides smithi (Hora, 1932)
Smith’s short body stone loach ปลาจิ้งจกสั้นสมิธ (Pla Jing Jok Sun Smith)Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with bedrock or stony substratum.
Remarks: Axillary scale present. Pectoral fin with 8 simple rays and 12 branched rays. Pelvic fin
not beyond anus. Maxillary barbel reaches vertical to anterior orbital rim.

95

Northern Thai Fishes
Pseudohomaloptera leonardi (Hora, 1941)
Leonard’s long body stone loach ปลาจิ้งจกยาวเลียวนาร์ด (Pla Jing Jok Yao Leonard)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (the Ping River, the Wang River, the Yom River, theNan River).
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with bedrock or stony bottom.
Remarks: Pectoral fin with 6 simple rays and 11 branched rays. Lateral line scales 55-58. Dorsal
fin origin slightly in front of pelvic fin origin.

Family Gastromyzontidae
Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat, 2000
Stone loach ปลาจิง้ จกลายเสือ (Pla Jing Jok Lai Sua)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin (the Maekham River, a tributary of the Kok River).
Habitat: Found in fast running water with bedrock or stone bottom.
Remarks: This is the first report from Thailand. Body slender, depressed, brownish with 18-30
irregular dark brown bars, and 5 large saddles along mid-dorsal line. Pectoral and pelvic fin yellow

96Northern Thai Fishes
Family Serpenticobitidae
Serpenticobitis octozona Roberts, 1997
Serpent loaches ปลาค้อตาหนาม (Pla Kor Ta Hnam)

Size: 5.9 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing streams.
Remarks: Body rather stout, grayish with 7-8 dark bars wider than interspaces, extending the full
depth of the body.

Family Botiidae
Ambastaia nigrolineata (Kottelat and Chu, 1987)
Black banded botia ปลาหมูน่าน (Pla Moo Nan)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chaophraya River Basin (the Maechaem River and the Nan River)
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with stones, tree roots, and gravels on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, compressed, light brown with 8-10 vertical bars connecting mid-dorsal
stripe and mid-lateral stripe in adult.

97Northern Thai Fishes
Botia histrionica Bryth, 1860
Salween botia ปลาหมูสาละวิน (Pla Moo Salween)Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin (Maehongsorn and Tak Province). Nepal, India.
Habitat: Occurs in clear fast-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, compressed, light brownish with irregular vertical bars approximately
equal to interspaces. Snout relatively short. Dorsal fin with 9 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 15
branched rays. Anal fin with 5 branched rays.

Syncrossus beauforti (Smith, 1931)
Banded botia ปลาหมูข้างลาย (Pla Moo Khang Lai)

Size: 20 cm.
Distribution: The Mekong River, the Chaophraya River Basin. Widely in Southeast Asia,
Myanmar, China.
Habitat: Occurs in both fast- and slow flowing streams with rocky, sandy, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Dorsal fin with 9-10 branched rays. Body slender, greenish with small spots andpredorsal longitudinal streaks.

98Northern Thai Fishes
Syncrossus berdmorei (Blyth, 1860)
Salween banded botia ปลาหมูข้างลายสาละวิน (Pla Moo Khang Lai Salween)Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: Myanmar.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body brownish with 10-11 vertical bars, and no longitudinal streaks from nape to dorsal
fin origin. Rostral barbels black. Dorsal fin with 9-13 branched rays.

Syncrossus helodes (Sauvage, 1876)
Banded botia ปลาหมูข้างลายแถบ (Pla Moo Khang Lai Thep)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, compressed, greenish with 10-12 dark bars. Caudal fin with several
vertical bars. Dorsal fin with 12-14 branched rays. Several oblong dots above pectoral fin.

99

Northern Thai Fishes
Yasuhikotakia eos (Taki, 1972)
Sun botia ปลาหมูครีบแดง (Pla Moo Kleep Dang)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Dorsal fin with 10-11½ branched rays. A large black blotch on caudal peduncle. Dorsal,
caudal, anal, and pelvic fins with white distal margins and faint blackish sub-distal margin.

Yasuhikotakia lecontei (Fowler, 1937)
Silver botia ปลาหมูสัก (Pla Moo Sak)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body rather slender, brown to yellow silvery without pattern in adults, and withseveral vertical stripes in juveniles, with a vertical bar at caudal fin base. Dorsal fin with 8
branched rays. Fins hyaline.

100Northern Thai Fishes
Yasuhikotakia modesta (Bleeker, 1864)
Redtail botia ปลาหมูขาว (Pla Moo Khao)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body stout, compressed, grayish with and/or without vertical stripes, with a broad bar
at caudal fin base. Fins orange to bright red. Dorsal fin with 8 branched rays.

Yasuhikotakia morleti (Tirant, 1885)
Skunk botia ปลาหมูคอก (Pla Moo Kok)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow- to fast-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body rather short, deep, compressed. Body color yellowish light brown with a middorsal stripe from snout to tail, connecting with a broad vertical bar on caudal peduncle.

101Northern Thai Fishes
Family Cobitidae
Acantopsis ioa Boyd & Page 2017
Small spot horse face loach ปลารากกล้วยจุดเล็ก (Pla Rak Kluay Jood Lek)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow- to fast-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, light brown with 8-9 small blotches along the lateral line. Snout longwith a stripe from tip to eye. Mouth inferior with 3 pairs of barbels. Dorsal fin with 8-9 branchedrays. Fins hyaline. Head length 24.4- 27.4% SL.

Acantopsis rungthipae Boyd, Nithirojpakdee, & Page, 2017
Chaophraya horse face loach ปลารากกล้วย (Pla Rak Kluay)Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow- to fast-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, no exposed labial barbels, light brown with 8-9 small blotches along thelateral line. Snout long with a stripe from tip to eye. Usually, distinct small black spot on upper
margin of caudal-fin base, no large black spots on dorsal or caudal fins, no black specks beneathmidlateral row of black spots (rarely present), usually 9½ branched dorsal rays and 10 pectoralrays, 10–20 dark; saddles along dorsal midline, 9–17 black spots along side of body, body depth
9.0–14.2% SL, body width 5.3–10.3% SL.

102Northern Thai Fishes
Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth, 1860)
Salween horse face loach ปลารากกล้วยสาละวิน (Pla Rak Kluay Salween)Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow- to fast-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, light brown with 10-13 large blotches along the lateral line. Snout longwith a stripe from tip to eye. 2-3 rows of large spot on side of head. Mouth inferior with 3 pairs oflabial barbels, exposed labial barbels 2-3. Dorsal fin with 9½ branched rays. Caudal fin with 3-4
black spot along the upper lobe and and dark blotches on posterior part of caudal fin. Pectoral fin
with 10 rays. 9–12 dark saddles along dorsal midline. 9–15 black spots along side of body. body
depth 9.0–11.6% SL, body width 6.8–9.4% SL.

Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1999
Large blotches horse face loach ปลารากกล้วยจินดา (Pla Rak Kluay Jinda)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow- to fast-flowing streams with sandy and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, yellowish brown with 8-9 black blotches along mid-lateral line and the
mid-dorsal line, several black spots on caudal fin. Dorsal fin with 9-11 branched rays.

103

Northern Thai Fishes
Aperioptus delphax Siebert, 1991
Dwarf horse face loach ปลารากกล้วยแคระหน้ายาว (Pla Rak Kluay Krae Nayao)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing waters with silty, sandy, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with faint dark spots. Snout length longer than the distance
between anterior margin of eye and posterior margin of gill cover.

Aperioptus gracilentus (Smith, 1945)
Dwarf horse face loach ปลารากกล้วยแคระหน้าสั้น (Pla Rag Kluay Krae Nasun)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing waters with silty, sandy, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, light brownish with a series of small dots along mid-lateral line. Snout
shorter than the distance between anterior margin of eye and posterior margin of gill cover.

104

Northern Thai Fishes
Aperioptus hapalius (Siebert, 1991)
Dwarf horse face loach ปลารากกล้วยแคระ (Pla Rag Kluay Krae)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing waters with silty, sandy, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body elongate and slender; dorsal-fin origin above pelvic-fin origin; a midlateral rowof about 7-12 dark blotches; a row of about 10-15 mid-dorsal blotches. Snout with a length of 2.02.8 times in head length.

Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860)
Burmese mud loach ปลาอีดพม่า (Pla Eed Pamar)Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing streams with soft substratum.
Remarks: Body rather stout, light brownish with a series of irregular dark spots along mid-lateralline. Caudal fin truncated or rounded. Scales absent on top of head. Anterior rostral barbels long,
beyond anterior nostril. Caudal fin with 3-6 dark bars. A distinct black spot on the upper half ofcaudal fin case.

105

Northern Thai Fishes
Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes, 1846)
Hasselt’s mud loach ปลาอีดเล็ก (Pla Eed Lek)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing streams with soft substratum.
Remarks: Body relatively slender, light brownish with a dark mid-lateral stripe. Caudal fintruncate, without bars. Dorsal fin origin just above the pelvic fin origin.

Lepidocephalus nanensis Deein, Tanjitjaroen & Page, 2014
Thai spirit loach ปลาอีดแม่น้ำน่าน (Pla Eed Maenam Nan)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing main streams.
Remarks: Body slender, plain whitish. Scales on cheek and operculum. Lateral line complete.
Eyes very small and subcutaneous. Dorsal fin with 8–9 branched rays. Pelvic-fin with 6–8 rays.
Pectoral fin with 9– 13 rays, and lamina circularis of mature male on second ray. Dorsal fin origin
well behind pelvic fin origin.

106

Northern Thai Fishes
Pangio anguillaris (Vailant, 1892)
Long coolie loach ปลางู/ปลาสายทอง (Pla Ngoo/Pla Saitong)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing with sandy substrate, staying around aquatic plant roots.
Remarks: Body extremely elongated, depth 14-18 times in SL.

Pangio oblonga (Vallencinnes, 1846)
Coolie loach ปลาสายทองสั้น (Pla Saitong Sun)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River, the Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing with sandy substrate, staying around aquatic plant roots.
Remarks: Body 7-8 times in SL, plain reddish-brown. Nasal barbel absent. Caudal fin truncate.

107Northern Thai Fishes
Pangio sp.
Spot Coolie loach ปลาสายทองสั้นจุด (Pla Saitong Sun Jud)

Size: 10 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing with sandy substrate, staying around aquatic plant roots.
Remarks: Body 7-8 times in SL, plain brown with serveral dark spot on body. Nasal barbel present.
Caudal fin truncate or slightly emarginated.

Order Siluriformes
Family Ailiidae
Clupisoma prateri Hora, 1937
Salween sharp-belly aillied ปลายอนสาละวิน (Pla Yon Salween)Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels of rivers and large tributaries with sandy and silty substratum.
Remarks: Anal fin with 37-41 branched rays. Gill rakers on first gill arch 20.

108Northern Thai Fishes
Clupisoma sinense (Huang, 1981)
Sharp-belly schilbeid ปลายอนทอง (Pla Yon Tong)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River basins.
Habitat: Found in the main channels of rivers and their tributaries.
Remarks: Pectoral fin with 11 branched rays. Anal fin with 42-45 branched rays. Gill rakers on
first gill arch 20-28. Abdominal keel from pectoral fin base to the anus.

Eutropiichthys burmanicus Day, 1877
Pointed snout schilbeid ปลาสังกะวาดหน้าหนู (Pla Sang Kawad Hna Hnoo)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing main channels.
Remarks: Snout pointed in lateral view, angular in dorsal view. Gill rakers on the first gill arch
22-28. Pectoral fin with 15-17 branched rays. Premaxillary tooth patch extending posteriorly tothe terminus of the gape. Anal fin with 56-54 branched rays. Mouth large, extending beyond a
vertical through the middle of eye. Feeds on small crustaceans and small fishes.

109

Northern Thai Fishes
Eutropiichthys salweenensis Ferraris & Vari, 2007
Rounded snout largemouth sharp-belly schilbeid ปลาสังกะวาดหน้าหนูสาละวิน (PlaSang Kawad Hna Hnoo Salween)Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing main channels.
Remarks: Snout rounded in lateral view. Gill rakers on the first gill arch18-20. Anal fin with 4850 branched rays. Corner of the mouth under the middle of eye.

Laides longibarbis (Fowler, 1934)
Sharp belly schilbeid ปลาสังกะวาดขาว ปลายอนโล่ (Pla Sanawad Khao/Pla Yon Lo)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing main channels.
Remarks: Upper jaw with a pair of barbels, lower jaw with 2 pairs of barbels. No nasal barbel.
Dorsal fin with 6 branched rays. Anal fin with 41-47 branched rays. Length of anal fin base 38.641.5% SL. Interorbital distance 47.0-55.6% HL.

110

Northern Thai Fishes
Silonia silondia (Hamilton, 1822)
Silonia, Whitefish ปลายอนเขี้ยว (Pla Yon Khiew)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River, the Ganges River, the Indus River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in the main river.
Remarks: Body elongate and compressed. Color of back dusky-green, flanks and abdomen silvery,
operculum and cheek orange to yellow. Eyes behind the angle of mouth. Mouth superior withsharp canine teeth on both jaws. Maxillary barbels minute, not reaching to eye. Dorsal fin with 7
branched rays. Pectoral fin with a serrated spine and 13 branched rays. Anal fin with 38 branchedrays. Pelvic fin with 5 branched rays. Swim bladder greatly reduced. Feeds on small fish.

Family Amblycipitidae
Amblyceps foratum Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Torrent catfish ปลาดัก (Pla Dak)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing water with cascades and boulder and gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, plain brownish. Dorsal fin with 6 branched rays. Anal fin with 12-15
branched rays. Caudal fin deeply forked. Adipose fin with base length 23.3-27.9% SL, with roundtip. Eye diameter 5.5-8.5% HL.

111

Northern Thai Fishes
Amblyceps platycephalus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Torrent catfish ปลาดักหัวแบน (Pla Dak Hua Ban)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing water with cascades and boulder and gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, plain brownish. Body depth at anus 15-16% SL. Head strongly depressed(head depth 8.3% SL). Lower jaw strongly projecting. Dorsal fin with 6 branched rays. Posterioredge of adipose fin rounded. Caudal fin forked. Eye diameter 4.8% HL.

Amblyceps serratum Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Torrent catfish ปลาดัก (Pla Dak)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing water with cascades and boulder and gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Pectoral fin with 4-5 serrations along posterior edge of pectoral spine. Dorsal fin with
6 branched rays. Anal fin with 10-11 branched rays. Caudal fin deeply forked. Body depth at anus
11.5% SL.

112

Northern Thai Fishes
Amblyceps variegatus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Torrent catfish ปลาดัก (Pla Dak)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: Headwaters of the Maeklong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing water with cascades and boulder and gravelly substratum.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with small irregular dark grey patches. Posterior edge ofadipose fin pointed. Length of adipose fin base 19.9-22.8% SL. Dorsal-to-adipose distance 23.826.7% SL. Body depth at anus 12.6-14.1% SL. Eye diameter 5.3-6.9% HL.

Family Ariidae
Cephalocassis borneensis (Bleeker, 1851)
Sea catfish ปลาอุก (Pla Ook)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin. Only a single species is foundin northern Thailand.
Habitat: Found in the main channels of lowland area.
Remarks: Body rather slender, grayish pink. Snout blunt. Maxillary barbels reaching to gill
opening. Two pairs of mental barbels present. Adipose fin plain, with base length as long as anal
fin base. Eye margin covered by skin. Eyes small, diameter 8 times in head length.

113

Northern Thai Fishes
Family Bagridae
Bagrichthys majusculus Ng, 2002
Giant lancer ปลาดุกมูนครีบสูง (Pla Dook Moon Kreep Soong)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin. Reported from streams in
Malay Peninsula and Sumatra as well.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels of rivers with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body deep, dark brown with a few pale bars. Dorsal fin with remarkably elongated last
simple ray, as long as body depth. Large and broad mouth. Caudal peduncle slender.

Bagrichthys obscurus Ng, 1999
Small lancer ปลาดุกมูน (Pla Dook Moon)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: A relatively small and narrow mouth. Dorsal fin with relatively short last simple ray.
both inner and outer mandibular barbels crenulated.

114Northern Thai Fishes
Hemibagrus filamentus (Fang & Chaux, 1949)
Yellow bagrid ปลากดเหลือง (Pla Kod Luang)Size: 60 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, plain dark brown. Head depressed. Premaxillary tooth band not exposed
when mouth closed. Some dorsal fin ray tips extended in filamentous. Dorsal fin (excluding
filamentous extensions) reaching adipose fin origin when depressed. Eye diameter 12–18% HL.
Anal fin with 8 branched rays.

Hemibagrus imbrifer Ng & Ferraris, 2000
Yellow bagrid ปลากดลาย (Pla Kod Lay)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Have relatively large sensory pores arranged in vertical columns along the sides of the
body. Caudal peduncle length 18.8-19.5% SL, interorbital distance 31.7-32.3% HL, eye diameter
17.3-18.5% HL, and 14 gill rakers on the 1st gill arch.

115

Northern Thai Fishes
Hemibagrus spilopterus Ng & Rainboth, 1999
Yellow bagrid ปลากดเหลือง (Pla Kod Luang)Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, greenish brown. Adipose fin with a black blotch and a whitish margin.
Dorsal fin without filamentous tips, not reaching to adipose fin when depressed.

Hemibagrus microphthalmus (Day, 1877)
Salween giant bagrid ปลากดคังสาละวิน (Pla Kod Kang Salween)Size: 80 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Head narrow, 18–20% SL. Interorbital space 28–32% HL. Dorsal with poorly ossified
smooth last simple ray. Caudal fin uniformly dark.

116

Northern Thai Fishes
Hemibagrus wyckii (Bleeker, 1858)
Crystal eyed bagrid or Blacktail bagrid ปลากดคัง ปลากดดำ ปลากดหม้อ (Pla Kod
Kang, Pla Kod Dam, Pla Kod Hmor)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, black. Head depressed. Caudal fin dark with white margins. Cleithrum
region whitish. Occipital process reaching dorsal fin base. Dorsal fin with ossified and serrated
last simple ray. Feeds on aquatic insects, shrimps, crabs, and small fishes.

Hemibagrus wyckioides (Chaux & Fang, 1949)
Redtail bagrid ปลากดแก้ว ปลากดหางแดง (Pla Kod Keo, Pla Kod Hang Daeng)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender with depressed head. Caudal fin bright red in adults. Occipital process
short, not reaching dorsal fin base. Feeds on small fishes and aquatic invertebrates.

117Northern Thai Fishes
Hemibagrus sp.

Salween yellow bagrid ปลากดเหลืองสาละวิน (Pla Kod Luang Salween)Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, plain yellowish green. Head depressed. Dorsal fin not reaching adipose
fin base when depressed. Adipose fin without a black blotch and white margin.

Mystus albolineatus Roberts, 1994
White lined long adipose fin mystus ปลาแขยงใบข้าวแถบขาว (Pla Kha Yeang Bai
Khao Thep Khao)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, silvery with a whitish mid-lateral stripe. A black spot at the anterior baseof dorsal fin. Adipose fin originating just behind the dorsal fin base. Gill rakers of lower arm of 1 stgill arch 15-21. Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes.

118

Northern Thai Fishes
Mystus cavasius (Hamilton, 1822)
Salween long adipose fin mystus ปลาแขยงใบข้าวสาละวิน (Pla Kha Yeang Bai Khao Salween)Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Dark spot at dorsal fin origin. Whitish mid-lateral stripe. Very similar to M.
albolineatus.

Mystus singaringan (Bleeker, 1846)
Long adipose fin mystus ปลาแขยงใบข้าว (Pla Kha Yeang Bai Khao)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, plain dark grey. No mid-lateral stripe. Adipose fin originating just behindthe dorsal fin base. Maxillary barbels reaching to or beyond the caudal fin base. Cranial fontanel
extends to base of occipital process. Gill rakers of lower arm of 1 st gill arch 22-26.

119Northern Thai Fishes
Mystus bocourti (Bleeker, 1864)
Hi-fin mystus ปลาแขยงธง (Pla Kha Yeang Thong)Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, dark brown. Dorsal fin with extremely long smooth last simple ray.
Adipose fin originating just behind dorsal fin base.

Mystus multiradiatus Roberts, 1992
Striped mystus ปลาแขยงข้างลาย (Pla Kha Yeang Khang Lai)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with 2 longitudinal white stripes alongside. A dintinct black
spot behind gill cover. Adipose fin base long but separated from dorsal fin base. Gill rakers on 1 stgill arch 43-65.

120

Northern Thai Fishes
Mystus mysticetus Roberts, 1992
Striped mystus ปลาแขยงข้างลาย (Pla Kha Yeang Khang Lai)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, ponds, and swamps with muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, dark brown with 2 whitish longitudinal stripes alongside. A black spot
behind gill cover. Mouth nearly terminal. Short-based small adipose fin well-separated from dorsal
fin origin. Gill rakers on 1st gill arch 40-97. Feeds on small fishes, and aquatic insects.

Pseudomystus siamensis (Regan, 1913)
Asian bumblebee catfish ปลาแขยงหิน (Pla Kha Yeang Hin)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, small tributaries, swamps, and reservoirs with gravelly, sandy,
muddy, and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body stout, yellow with dark broad irregular bars.

121Northern Thai Fishes
Rita sacerdotum Andersan, 1879
Rita catfish ปลากดหมูสาละวิน (Pla Kod Hmoo Salween)Size: 150-200 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River and the Irrawaddy River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels and large tributaries with sandy and silty bottom, sometimes
with the pebbles.
Remarks: Body short and robust, compressed posteriorly. Head large, slightly depressed. Snoutobtuse. Occipital region rugose. A large humeral process exposed.

Sperata acicularis Ferraris & Runge, 1999
Salween shovelhead catfish ปลากดหัวเสียม (Pla Kod Hua Siem)

Size: 60 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels and small tributaries with gravelly, sandy, muddy and silty
bottoms. Large adults live in deep pools.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish body with a black spot on posterior part of adipose fin. Snout
remarkably elongated. Supraoccipital spine slender and needle-like. Pectoral fin with 10 rays. Anal
fin with 10-12 branched rays. Gill rakers 14-15.

122Northern Thai Fishes
Family Clariidae
Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Walking catfish ปลาดุกด้าน (Pla Dook Daan)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and the Salween River Basin. Reported
from China, India, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia as well.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, tributaries, canals, swamps, ditches, reservoirs, peat swamps
with sandy, muddy, and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body robust and relatively short, dark grey. Occipital process narrow and angular.
Pectoral spine smooth. Distance between occipital process and dorsal-fin 4.5-5.5 times in HL.
Anal fin with 47-58 rays.

Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864
Broad head walking catfish ปลาดุกอุย (Pla Dook Oui)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, tributaries, canals, swamps, ditches, mountain streams,
reservoirs, and peat swamps, with sandy, muddy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body stout, rather short, plain brown. Head rather large and rounded in dorsal view.
Occipital process broad and rounded. Pectoral spine smooth.

123

Northern Thai Fishes
Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1815
African sharp tooth walking catfish ปลาดุกรัสเซีย ปลาดุกยักษ์ (Pla Dook Russia, Pla
Dook Yak)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: Originated from African continent. Introduced to tropical countries in the world
including Thailand.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, tributaries, swamps, and reservoirs with sandy, muddy, andsilty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender with dark gray back, whitish belly. Occipital process narrow and angular.
Pectoral spine serrated.

Family Pangasiidae
Helicophagus leptorhynchus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Mollusk eater pangasiid ปลาสวายหนู (Pla Sawai Hnoo)

Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels with sandy, muddy, and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, plain greyish. Snout pointed. Mouth small. Premaxillary teeth in two
quadratic patches. Gill rakers on the 1st arch 9-12. Anal fin 35-42 rays. Anal fin base length 34.538.2 % SL. Feeds mostly on bivalves.

124Northern Thai Fishes
Pangasianodon gigas Chevey, 1930
Mekong giant catfish ปลาบึก (Pla Buek)

Size: 300 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Mekong River Basin.
Introduced to the Chao Phraya River, Songkhla Lake andlarge ponds in Thailand.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels with sandy, muddy, andsilty bottom.
Remarks: No teeth in adults. Gill rakers rudimentary or
absent. Pelvic fin with 8-9 rays. Heal length (HL) more than
29% SL. Endangered, and listed on CITES Appendix I.

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)
Striped pangasiid, Iridescent shark-catfish ปลาสวาย (Pla Sawai)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels with sandy, muddy, and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body compressed, with dark back, whitish belly. Pelvic fin with 8-9 rays. Hear length(HL) less than 24 % SL. Premaxillary tooth band and vomerine tooth band reduced. Used foraquaculture. Categorized in IUCN red list as endangered.

125

Northern Thai Fishes
Pangasius bocourti Sauvage, 1880
Basa fish, Bocourt’s fish ปลาสวายนวล (Pla Sawai Nual)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Found in main channels with sandy, muddy, and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body plain grayish silver. Head rounded. Snout blunt and rounded. Pelvic fin with 6
rays. Maxillary tooth band and vomerine tooth band are rather broad. Gill rakers on 1 st gill arch
40-46.

Pangasius conchophilus Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991
Snail eater pangasiid ปลาสายยู ปลาโมง ปลาลึง (Pla Sai Yoo, Pla Mong, Pla Luang)Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, with sandy, muddy, and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body plain silvery with grayish back. Snout pointed with upper jaw tooth bands partly
exposed even when mouth closed. Gill rakers on first gill arch 13-21. Pelvic fin with 6 rays. Anal
fin with 26-29 branched rays. Maxillary tooth band forms a continuous row with no break in the
midline.

126Northern Thai Fishes
Pangasius elongatus Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels 2002
Pangasid ปลาสังกะวาด ปลาสังกะวัง (Pla Sang Kawad, Pla Sang Kawang)Size: 60 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels with a sandy, muddy, and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body rather elongate. Mouth roof with a single large vomerine tooth pad. Gill rakers
on first gill arch 19-28. Anal fin with 33-37 branched rays.

Pangasius larnaudii Bocourt, 1866
Black ear Pangasiid ปลาเทโพ ปลาหูดำ (Pla Tebho, Pla Hoo Dam)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River, the Chao Phraya River, the Meklong River, and the BanpakongRiver Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, with a sandy, muddy, and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body robust, silvery with a black round spot above pectoral fin base. Caudal fin forked,
with submarginal black stripes on each lobe. Snout rounded. Mouth terminal.

127

Northern Thai Fishes
Pangasius macronema Bleeker, 1850
Pangasiid ปลายอน ปลายอนเขียว (Pla Yon Kheo)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River, the Chao Phraya River, the Meklong River, and the BanpakongRiver Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, with a sandy, muddy, and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body grayish silver, slender, rather compressed. A black spot at the base of dorsal fin.
Maxillary barbels reaching tip of pectoral fin. Mouth roof with two small vomerine tooth pads.
Feeds on small crustacean, mollusks, and other small invertebrates. Gill rakers 15-16. Anal fin
with 30-33 branched rays.

Traditional fishing gear for Pangasius macronema

128

Northern Thai Fishes
Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931
Chao Phraya Giant Catfish ปลาเทพา ปลาเลิม (Pla Tepa, Pla Lerm)

Size: 200 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Found in a main river, and it is found to grow in a large reservoir.
Remarks: Body robust, dark. Head round with blunt snout. Mouth terminal, wide. Dorsal, pectoral,
and pelvic fin tips filamentous. Mouth roof with a single united tooth pad. Pelvic fin with 6 rays.

Pseudolias pleurotaenia (Sauvage, 1878)
Sharp-belly catfish ปลาสวายท้องคม ปลายอน (Pla Sawai Tong Kom, Pla Yon)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels.
Remarks: Abdomen with a sharp keel from pectoral fin to anus. Mouth roof with a pair of palatine
tooth pads. Mouth small with short maxillary barbels.

129

Northern Thai Fishes
Family Siluridae
Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat and Ng, 1999
Twisted-jaw Sheatfish ปลาเบีย้ ว ปลาคางเบือน (Pla Biew, Pla Kang Buen)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear flowing main channels and large tributaries.
Remarks: Body elongate, strongly compressed, plain silvery side, and blue greenish back. Mouth
large, superior with canine teeth. Head length 20.9-23.9% SL. Snout length 35.4-39.6% HL.
Pectoral fin length 21.9-25.8% SL. Swimming at middle to top column of water. Feeds on small
fish.

Hemisilurus mekongensis Bornbush and Lunberg, 1989
Twisted-jaw Sheatfish ปลาดังแดง (Pla Dang Daeng)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: Endemic to the Mekong River.
Habitat: Occurs in the main channels and tributaries with flowing water.
Remarks: Body slender, compressed, plain grayish. Head small, pinkish. Mouth terminal with apair of short barbels. Eyes small. Anterior nostril at the snout tip; posterior nostrils at
posterosuperior region of eye. Anal fin with 79-92 branched rays.

130

Northern Thai Fishes
Kryptopterus cheveyi Durand, 1940
Sheatfish ปลาปีกไก่ ปลาหวาน ปลาเพียว (Pla Peek Kai, Pla Wan, Pla Piew)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels and tributaries with flowing water.
Remarks: Body slender, compressed, plain pale-white and opaque in life. Mouth roof with asingle vomerine tooth patch. Dorsal fin absent. Anal fin with 67-71 branched rays. Maxillarybarbels extending to pectoral fin base. Mandibular barbels shorter than head length. Pectoral fin
length shorter than head length. Pelvic fin with 8 branched rays. Lower jaw projecting. Feeds on
macro-invertebrate and small fish.

Kryptopterus geminus Ng, 2003
Sheatfish ปลาปีกไก่ (Pla Peek Kai)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels and tributaries with flowing water.
Remarks: Body slender, compressed. Head width 9.5– 12.0% SL. Anal fin base length 62.2–
72.7% SL. Snout length 39.5–45.3% HL. Maxillary barbels only reaching pectoral fin base. Headprofile straight. A small dorsal fin present.

131Northern Thai Fishes
Kryptopterus paraschilbeides Ng, 2003
Sheatfish ปลาปีกไก่ ปลาเพียว (Pla Peek Kai, Pla Piew)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels and tributaries with flowing water.
Remarks: Body slender, compressed. Dorsal fin absent. Gill rakers on the first gill arch 24–28.
Branchiostegal rays 9. Interorbital distance 34.2–43.4 % HL. Head width 7.9–9.4 % HL. Pelvic
fin with 5 rays. Maxillary barbels reaching to anterior third of anal fin base.

Micronema moorei Smith, 1945
Sheatfish ปลาหวาน ปลาปีกไก่ (Pla Wan, Pla Peek Kai)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels and tributaries with flowing water.
Remarks: Body slender, plain light brown. Anal fin with 66-68 rays. Head length 5.8-6.0 times
in SL. Pectoral fin with 13 branched rays.

132

Northern Thai Fishes
Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1797)
Sheatfish ปลาเนื้ออ่อน ปลาหวาน (Pla Nua On, Pla Wan)

Size: 45 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin. Widely in the Indian subcontinent.
Habitat: Occurs in main streams.
Remarks: Body rather stout, compressed. Round black blotch above pectoral fin base. Maxillarybarbels reaching to anal fin origin. Pelvic fin with 8 rays. Anal fin with 57-71 rays. Lower borderof eye below cleft of mouth. Mouth roof with 2 vomerine tooth pads. Dorsal fin short, less thanhead length. They are feeds on smaller fishes and crustaceans.

Ompok siluroides Lacepède, 1803
Sheatfish, Butter fish ปลาเนื้ออ่อน ปลาสยุมพร (Pla Nua On, Pla Sayumporn)Size: 22 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong Rive Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing main streams, lakes, canals, and swamps.
Remarks: Body rather deep, compressed, dark brown with a black spot above pectoral fin base.
Head profile slightly concave. Small dorsal fin with 4 rays. Lower jaw projecting.

133

Northern Thai Fishes
Ompok urbaini Ng, 2003
Sheatfish ปลาเนื้ออ่อน (Pla Nua On)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River, the Chao Phraya River, and the Pasak River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing main streams, lakes, canals, and swamps.
Remarks: Body slender, compressed, brown with a pale spot above pectoral fin. Dorsal fin small
with 2 rays. Anal fin with 65-71 branched rays. A black spot on caudal fin base.

Phalacronotus apogon (Bleeker, 1851)
Silver sheatfish ปลาน้ำเงิน ปลานาง (Pla Nam Ngern, Pla Nang)

Size: 60 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in the main streams.
Remarks: Body elongated, compressed, plain silvery with metallic sheen. Head depressed. Anal
fin with 78-91 rays. Vomerine tooth pad angular.

134

Northern Thai Fishes
Phalacronotus bleekeri (Gunther, 1864)
Reddish sheatfish, ปลาแดง ปลาเนื้ออ่อน (Pla Dang, Pla Nua-on)

Size: 60 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in the main streams.
Remarks: Body elongate, pink to silvery, no metallic sheen on the ventral side of head. Anal fin
with 77-83 rays. Head depressed, length about 4.6 times in SL. Vomerine tooth pad gently curved.

Phalacronotus micronemus (Bleeker, 1846)
Giant reddish sheatfish, ปลาแดงไห (Pla Dang Hai)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River (rare) and the Mekong River Basin (common).
Habitat: Occurs in main streams.
Remarks: Body elongate, compressed with plain pink to silvery without metallic sheen. Headdepressed, length about 5.3 times in SL. Mouth with a pair of maxillary barbels extending to
middle of the eye. Anal fin with 86-93. Vomerine tooth pad gently curved.

135

Northern Thai Fishes
Pterocryptis berdmorei (Blyth, 1861)
Stream sheatfish ปลาชะโอนหิน (Pla Cha On Hin)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in small streams with rocky bottom.
Remarks: Body elongated, dark greenish brown. Head length 14.5% SL. Snout rounded. Eyes
small. Pectoral fin short, not reaching pelvic fin base. Anal fin with 76 rays. Pectoral fin with 13
rays and a serrated simple ray.

Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
White wallago ปลาเค้าขาว (Pla Khao Kao)

Size: 150 cm SL.
Distribution: Widely distributed in Southeast Asia and South Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels, large tributaries. canals, swamps, and large reservoirs.
Remarks: Body elongate, compressed with olive-brown dorsum and pale-light brown ventral partin adults; two longitudinal stripes in juveniles. Head depressed. Corner of mouth much behind
eye. Gill rakers on 1st gill arch 24-30. Anal fin with 77-96 rays. Number of vertebrae 69. Maxillarybarbel longer than pelvic fin.

136

Northern Thai Fishes
Wallagonia micropogon (Ng, 2004)
Black wallago ปลาเค้าดำ ปลาอีทุก (Pla Khao Dum, Pla E-took)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River Basin, mainland Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in main channels.
Remarks: Body stout, dark with several pale spots forming a mottled pattern. Head depressed.
Corner of mouth not reaching eye. Number of vertebrae 63-65. Anal fin with 68-73 rays.

Family Sisoridae
Hara filamentosa Blyth, 1860
Hara catfish ปลาแค้ขี้หมู (Pla Khae Khi Hmoo)

Size: 6 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River basin.
Habitat: Occurs in fast-flowing streams with pebbles, gravel, and rocks on the bottoms.
Remarks: Body stout with brown cryptic coloration and heavily tuberculate skin. Caudal fin
forked, sometimes with a filamentous extension to the first principal ray of the upper lobe. Caudal
peduncle slender.

137

Northern Thai Fishes
Bagarius lica Volz, 1903
Goonch ปลาแค้ควาย (Pla Khae Kwai)

Size: 150 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, the Salween River, large rivers in Malay
Peninsula.
Habitat: Adults occur in main channels; young individuals occur in tributaries with flowing water.
Remarks: Body elongated, brownish with dark saddles under dorsal fin and adipose fin; many
freckles on bodies and fins. Head strongly depressed. Adipose fin origin above anal fin origin.
Pelvic fin origin slightly behind the last ray of dorsal fin.

Bagarius suchus Roberts, 1983
Crocodile goonch ปลาแค้งู ปลาแค้จระเข้ (Pla Khae Ngoo, Pla Khae Jorakhae)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Adults occur in main channels; young individuals occur in tributaries with flowing water.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with dark a blotch under dorsal fin and a saddle under adipose
fin. Head strongly depressed with a remarkable longitudinal ridge below middle of supraoccipital
crest.

138

Northern Thai Fishes
Bagarius vegrandis Ng & Kottelat, 2021
Gangetic goonch ปลาแค้วัว (Pla Khae Wua)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and the Salween River, also large rivers
in Malay Peninsula.
Habitat: Adults occur in main channels; Young individuals occur in tributaries with flowing water.
Remarks: Body elongated, brownish with dark saddles under dorsal fin and adipose fin. Headstrongly depressed, ovoid unculiferous plaques on dorsal surface of head, lateral margin of frontal
not significantly deflected dorsally. Adipose fin origin behind anal fin origin. Pelvic fin origin
slightly before the last ray of dorsal fin.

Exostoma berdmorei Blyth, 1860
Mustache stream batfish ปลาค้างคาวหนวดเขี้ยว (Pla Kaang Kao Hnuad Kheo)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Small creeks with rocky bottom at elevations between 200 and 1,500 m.
Remarks: Body slender, body depth at anus 11.0–12.7%SL. Eye diameters 10.1-11.9% HL.
Distance between dorsal fin and adipose fin 9.2–11.7% SL. Adipose fin low and long-based (32.8–
35.8% SL). Caudal fin slightly forked.

139Northern Thai Fishes
Exostoma effrenum Ng & Vidthayanon, 2014
Mustache stream batfish ปลาค้างคาวหนวดเขี้ยว (Pla Kaang Kao Hnuad Kheo)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (Maechaem River, Ping River).
Habitat: Occurs in small creeks and medium rivers with rocky bottom at elevations between 500
and 1,500 m.
Remarks: Caudal fin forked. Adipose fin separated from principle caudal fin ray. Length ofadipose fin base 25.8-29.0 % SL. Length of caudal peduncle 20.5-21.3% SL. Number of vertebrae
21-22. Distance between dorsal fin and adipose fin 10.3–12.3% SL. Length of caudal peduncle
5.1–7.0% SL.

Exostoma peregrinator Ng & Vidthayanon, 2014
Mustache stream batfish ปลาค้างคาวหนวดเขี้ยว (Pla Kaang Kao Hnuad Kheo)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (Maechaem River, Ping River).
Habitat: Occurs in small creeks and medium rivers with rocky bottom at elevations between 500
and 1,500 m.
Remarks: Distance between dorsal fin and adipose fin 8.2–13.1% SL. Body depth at anus 9.9–
13.1% SL. Caudal peduncle depth 6.2–8.5% SL. Length of adipose fin base 31.7–34.6% SL. Eyediameter 9.3–13.1% HL.

140

Northern Thai Fishes
Oreoglanis colurus Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Stream batfish ปลาค้างคาวภูคา (Pla Kaang Kao Phu Ka)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (the Nan River)
Habitat: Fast-flowing creeks and streams with pebbles, stones and rocks on the bottom, at theelevation range between 300 and 1,100 m.
Remarks: Tip of maxillary barbel pointed. Caudal fin lunate. Pectoral fin reaching to pelvic fin
origin. Adipose fin confluent with caudal ray. Caudal peduncle length 13.0-15.0% SL; depth 5.06.9% SL.

Oreoglanis heteropogon Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Stream batfish ปลาค้างคาว (Pla Kaang Kao)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: Upper reaching of Pai River and other tributaries of Salween River basin.
Habitat: Small creeks in small clear stream and fast running water with rocky and stone bottom
and canopy cover, from 500-1,500 meters.
Remarks: Pectoral fin not reaching to pelvic fin origin. Adipose fin separated from caudal fin.
Nasal barbel long, reaching to anterior margin of eye. Tip of maxillary barbel pointed.

141Northern Thai Fishes
Oreoglanis laciniosa Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Stream batfish ปลาค้างคาว (Pla Kaang Kao)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River (the Pai River, the Baan Pai Song Ngae).
Habitat: Occurs in very fast-running creeks to large streams with cobbles, stones, and rocks on
the bottom.
Remarks: Pectoral fin tip beyond pelvic fin base. Adipose fin well-separated from caudal fin.
Nasal barbel not reaching to anterior margin of eye. Tip of maxillary barbel rounded. Eye diameter
6.0-9.5 times in HL.

Oreoglanis nakasathiani Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Seub’s stream batfish ปลาค้างคาวคุณสืบ (Pla Kaang Kao Khun Seub)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: Chao Phraya River Basin (the Ping River)
Habitat: Fast-flowing creeks and streams with pebbles, stones and rocks on the bottom, at theelevation range between 500 and 1,100 m.
Remarks: Adipose fin separate from caudal fin. Tip of maxillary barbels rounded. Depth of caudal
peduncle 2.9-4.4% SL.

142

Northern Thai Fishes
Oreoglanis omkoiense Suvarnaraksha, 2020
Omkoi’s stream batfish ปลาค้างคาวอมก๋อย (Pla Kaang Kao Omkoi)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: Chao Phraya River Basin (the Ping River)
Habitat: Fast-flowing creeks and streams with pebbles, stones and rocks on the bottom, at theelevation range between 500 and 1,100 m.
Remarks: A long adipose fin base length, short post-adipose fin, long nasal barbels reachinganterior margin of eye, tip of maxillary barbel pointed, pectoral fin tip not reaching pelvic-fin
origin, short pelvic fin, long pre-dorsal length, and thick and short caudal peduncle.

Oreoglanis siamensis Smith, 1933
Siamese freshwater batfish ปลาค้างคาวสยาม (Pla Kaang Kao Siam)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: Only known from the Meklang River, a tributary of the Ping River in the Chao
Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Habitat: Occurs in small creeks and medium rivers with rocky bottom at elevations
between 600 and 1,500 m.
Remarks: Nasal barbel not reaching anterior margin of eye. Pectoral fin tip not reaching to pelvic
fin origin. Tip of maxillary barbel pointed. Caudal fin emarginate. Eye diameter 6.0-9.5% HL.
Adipose fin separated from caudal fin. Endangered.

143

Northern Thai Fishes
Oreoglanis sudarai Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Surapol’s stream batfish ปลาค้างคาวสุรพล (Pla Kaang Kao Surapol)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya Basin (the Maechaem River, the Maetuen River).
Habitat: Occurs in small creeks and medium rivers with rocky bottom at elevations between 500
and 1,500 m.

Remarks: Pectoral fin long, reaching to pelvic fin origin. Tip of maxillary barbel
pointed.

Oreoglanis suraswadii Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009
Suraswadi’s stream batfish ปลาค้างคาวสุรัสวดี (Pla Kaang Kao Suraswadi)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin (Doi Tung stream, Mekhum stream).
Habitat: Small fast-flowing creeks with cobbles, stones, and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Nasal barbels short, not reaching to anterior margin of eye. Tips of maxillary barbels
rounded. Length of adipose fin base 30.7-38.1% SL. Caudal peduncle length 19.2-24.9% SL.

144

Northern Thai Fishes
Oreoglanis tenuicauda Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Stream batfish ปลาค้างคาวทุ่งช้าง (Pla Kaang Kao Tung Chang)Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin (the Nan River)
Habitat: Fast-flowing creeks and streams with pebbles, stones and rocks on the bottom, at theelevation range between 500 and 1,100 m.
Remarks: Tip of maxillary barbels rounded. Adipose fin confluent with caudal fin. Caudal fin
depth 5.4-6.3% SL.

Oreoglanis vicina Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng 2009
Stream batfish ปลาค้างคาว (Pla Kaang Kao)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: Silapetch water fall, Upper reaches of Nan River basin, an influent of Chao Phraya
River basin.
Habitat: Fast-flowing creeks and streams with pebbles, stones and rocks on the bottom, at theelevation range between 500 and 1,100 m.
Remarks: Adipose fin confluent with caudal fin. Tip of maxillary barbel rounded. Caudal
peduncle depth 5.0-6.9% in SL.

145

Northern Thai Fishes
Gagata dolichonema He, 1996
Stream batfish ปลายะคุย (Pla Ya Kui)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River, the Irrawaddy River, the Tenasserim River and the Chindwin
River Basin.
Habitat: Juveniles gather at junctions of streams; adults occur in deep pools of main channels
with muddy or sandy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, golden brown with 4 dark saddles, and continuous blue black lunate
mark on caudal fin.

Glyptothorax buchanani He, 1996
Stream sisorid ปลาแค้ตดิ หิน (Pla Khae Tid Hin)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with pebbles and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body rather robust, dark brown dorsally, yellowish to whitish ventrally. Fins with darkbrown base, whitish distally. Thoracic adhesive apparatus in oval shape.

146

Northern Thai Fishes
Glyptothorax burmanicus Prasad & Mukerji, 1929
Burmese stream sisorid ปลาแค้ตดิ พม่า (Pla Khae Tid Hin Phama)Size: 22 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with pebbles and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, dark grey with small, ovoid yellow patches in the nuchal region and theanterior quarter of the adipose fin. Skin smooth. Depth of caudal peduncle 6.5–8.0% SL. Lengthof dorsal fin 15.2–18.6% SL. Length of pectoral spine 15.6– 18.5% SL. Depressed area in thethoracic adhesive apparatus in ‘laurel wreath shape’ with a round space in the center.

Glyptothorax dorsalis Vinciguerra, 1890
Stream sisorid ปลาแค้ตดิ หิน (Pla Khae Tid Hin)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with pebbles and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with small to large spots on side and caudal fin base; withtubercules. A conspicuous yellow blotch at dorsal fin origin. Thoracic adhesive apparatus inpentagonal shape.

147

Northern Thai Fishes
Glyptothorax lampris Fowler, 1934
Stream sisorid ปลาแค้ตดิ หิน (Pla Khae Tid Hin)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Living in clear and fast-flowing water with pebbles and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, yellowish brown with dark brown saddles under dorsal fin and adipose
fin. Numerous tubercles throughout the body. Low bumps along back between dorsal and adipose
fin. Thoracic apparatus in heart shape.

Glyptothorax laosensis Blyth, 1861
Laos’s stream sisorid ปลาแค้ติดหินสามแถบลาว (Pla Khae Tid Hin Sam Theab Laos)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: Upper reaches of the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Living in clear and fast-flowing water with pebbles and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, dark brown with yellow mid-lateral and mid-dorsal stripes. Caudal
peduncle slender. Thoracic adhesive apparatus in heart shape.

148

Northern Thai Fishes
Glyptothorax rugimentum Ng & Kottelat, 2008
Stream sisorid ปลาแค้ตดิ หิน (Pla Khae Tid Hin)

Size: 18 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with pebbles and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brown with small yellow patches in the nuchal region and the anterior
quarter of the adipose fin. Straight bars on the body and caudal peduncle. Caudal peduncle depth
6.1–7.6% SL. Dorsal fin spine length 15.2–18.6% SL. Thoracic adhesive apparatus V shape.

Glyptothorax trilineatus Blyth, 1861
Stream sisorid ปลาแค้ตดิ หินสามแถบ (Pla Khae Tid Hin Sam Theab)Size: 18 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin in Thailand, India, Myanmar, China, and Nepal.
Habitat: Living in clear and fast-flowing water with pebbles and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Body rather stout, brownish with nasal barbel reaching eye. Head length 36% SL.
Maxillary barbel length 66% HL. Thoracic adhesive apparatus in heart shape.

149

Northern Thai Fishes
Pseudecheneis cf. longipectoralis
Thick breast stream sisorid ปลาแค้ติดหินแผ่นท้องหนา (Pla Khae Tid Hin Phan Tong Hna)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin (The Pai River).
Habitat: Occurs in clear and fast-flowing streams with pebbles and rocks on the bottom.
Remarks: Eye diameter 14% HL. Length of adipose fin base 17.8-22.7% SL. Length of caudal
peduncle 21% SL. Depth of caudal peduncle 4.0-5.2 SL. Length of pectoral fin 250% HL. Lengthof pelvic fin 21.2-28.7% SL. Number of lamellae on thoracic adhesive organ 17-18.

Family Ictaluridae
Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818)
Channel catfish ปลากดหลวง ปลากดอเมริกัน (Pla Kod Luang, Pla Kod American)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: Originated from United States to southern Canada and northern Mexico.
Introduced in the Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Living in both clear and turbid flowing waters.
Remarks: Body stout.

150

Northern Thai Fishes
Family Loricaridae
Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus Weber, 1991
Vermiculate sailfin catfish ปลาเทศบาล (Pla Tesaban)Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: Originated from South America; distributed tropical countries in the world
including Thailand.
Habitat: Lives under various conditions including, mountain streams to lowland rivers.
Remarks: Body stout, armored with hard scaled with vermiculated pattern. Head large. Mouth
inferior. Dorsal fin broad with 12-14 rays.

Order Syngnathiformes
Family Syngnathidae
Dorichthys buaja (Bleeker, 1850)
Long-snouted Pipefish ปลาจิม้ ฟันจระเข้ (Pla Jim Fun Jor Ra Khae)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in rivers and streams.
Remarks: Body elongated, gray with many narrow pale bars. Snout long, 55.6-66.7% of HL.

151

Northern Thai Fishes
Orfer Gobiiformes
Family Eleotridae
Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852)
Marbled sleeper Sand goby ปลาบู่ทราย (Pla Boo Tray)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chaophraya River, the Meklong River Basin. Widely in Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in large to small streams with both stagnant and slow-flowing water.
Remarks: Body stout, cylindrical, brownish with marble patterns. Head large. Mouth superior.
Pelvic fins separated.

Family Gobiidae

Brachygobius mekongensis Larson & Vidthayanon, 2000
Mekong bubble bee goby ปลาบูห่ มาจูแม่โขง (Pla Hma Joo Mekong)Size: 2 cm SL.
Distribution: the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing canals, swamps, marches, ponds, rice fields.
Remarks: Body stout, yellowish white with several narrow dark bars.

152

Northern Thai Fishes
Brachygobius sabanus Inger, 1958
Bubble bee goby ปลาบูห่ มาจู (Pla Hma Joo)

Size: 2 cm SL.
Distribution: the Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing canals, swamps, marches, ponds, rice fields.
Remarks: Body stout, yellowish white with several narrow dark bars.

Eugnathogobius siamensis (Fowler, 1934)
Gangetic tank goby ปลาบู่ปากกว้าง (Pla Boo Paak Kwang)Size: 3 cm SL.
Distribution: Freshwaters and brackish waters around mainland South East Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in slow flowing streams with vegetation and gravelly, sandy, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body robust, second dorsal and anal rays always I, 6; pectoral rays 16-19; longitudinalscales 22-24; predorsal scales 6-8, mouth reaching close up to behind eyes; preopercular poresabsent, posterior portion of oculoscapular canal absent; third spine of dorsal fin usually longest,
but not elongate; head and body pale with margins of scales outlined in brown, row of brown
midlateral blotches, three diagonal dark streaks on head and vertically barred caudal fin

153Northern Thai Fishes
Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)
Gangetic tank goby ปลาบู่หิน ปลาบู่จักพรรดิ์ (Pla Boo Hin/Pla Boo Jakapat)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: Freshwaters and brackish waters around Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing streams with gravelly, sandy, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish with several longitudinal stripes. Cheek with several rows of
sensory papillae, some of them multiple (wide).

Gobiopterus chuno (Hamilton, 1822)
Glass goby ปลาบู่ใส (Pla Boo Sai)

Size: 3 cm SL.
Distribution: the Mekong River and Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing rivers with sandy and muddy bottom. Swimming near water
surface with floating aquatic plants.
Remarks: Body stout, tiny, and translucent.

154Northern Thai Fishes
Pseudogobius sp.
False goby ปลาบู่เทียม (Pla Boo Tiam)

Size: 3 cm SL.
Distribution: the Mekong River and Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing rivers with sandy and muddy bottom. Swimming near water
surface with floating aquatic plants.
Remarks: Body stout, translucent.

Rhinogobius chiengmaiensis Fowler, 1934
Chiangmai draft goby ปลาบู่น้ำตกเชียงใหม่ (Pla Boo Nam Tok Chiangmai)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: Upper Chao Phraya River.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing streams with gravel, and small pebbles on the bottom.
Remarks: Longitudinal scale rows modally 30. Predorsal scales 3–4. Nape with a pair of shortdeep brown crossbars. Branchiostegal membrane with large spots about 1/3 pupil size. Cheek andoperculum with about 55-80 round dark spots in male.

155

Northern Thai Fishes
Rhinogobius mekongianus (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
Mekong draft goby ปลาบู่น้ำตกแม่โขง (Pla Boo Nam Tok Mekong)Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in flowing streams with gravels and small pebbles on the bottom.
Remarks: Cheek with about 40 rounded blackish brown spots in males. First dorsal fin without
filamentous rays in males. Body with 7 brown bars and several rows of black and brown spots.
Second dorsal fin with one simple and 8 branched rays.

Order Synbranchiformes
Family Mastacembelidae
Macrognathus semiocellatus Roberts, 1986
Spiny eel ปลาหลดลาย (Pla Lod Lai)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and rivers basins of Malay Peninsula.
Habitat: Occurs in the slow-flowing or stagnant water bodies in lowland.
Remarks: Body elongate, greenish brown with faint bars, and 8-10 round dark marks along thebase of the soft dorsal fin. Dorsal and anal fins continuous with caudal fins.

156

Northern Thai Fishes
Macrognathus siamensis (Günther, 1861)
Peacock eel ปลาหลดสยาม ปลาหลดจุด (Pla Lod Siam, Pla Lod Jud)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and rivers basins of Malay Peninsula.
Habitat: Occurs in the slow-flowing or stagnant water bodies in lowland.
Remarks: Body elongate with 3-6 conspicuous ocellus along base of soft dorsal fin. Anal anddorsal fins not confluent with caudal fin. Dorsal spines 13-19.

Mastacembelus alboguttatus Boulenger, 1893
Spotted spiny eel ปลากระทิงลายดอกไม้ (Pla Kra Ting Lai Dok Mai)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in clear mountain stream to large rivers with pebble or boulder substrate.
Remarks: Body elongate, dark brown with numerous small round pale spots and 9-10 rings.
Caudal fin with 21 rays. Pectoral fin with a few dark bands. Dorsal fin with 35 spines and 73
rays. Anal fin with 74 rays.

157

Northern Thai Fishes
Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède, 1800)
Zig-zag eel ปลากระทิงลาย ปลากระทิงดำ (Pla Kra Ting Lai, Pla Krating Dam)

Size: 80 cm SL.
Distribution: India, Srilanka, and Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in mountain streams and medium to large rivers with pebble or boulder substrate.
Remarks: Body elongate with a reticulated pattern only on the upper half.

Mastacembelus favus Hora, 1923
Tire track eel ปลากระทิงลาย (Pla Kra Ting Lai)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin, the Mekong River Basin, large rivers in Malay
Peninsula.
Habitat: Occurs in medium to large rivers with gravel, pebble or boulder substrate.
Remarks: Body elongate with a reticulated pattern only on almost whole body.

158Northern Thai Fishes
Mastacembelus tinwini Britz, 2007
Mountain eel ปลากระทิงภูเขา (Pla Kra Ting Phu Khao)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in mountainous streams and small rivers with gravel, pebble or boulder substrate.
Remarks: Body elongate, brownish with 5 longitudinal dark stripes, some bright blotch on anal
fin base and caudal fin base.

Family Synbranchidae
Monopterus albus (Zuiew, 1793)
Swamp eels ปลาไหล (Pla Lai)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: India, Southeast Asia and Eastern Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing or stagnant freshwaters.
Remarks: Body elongate, brownish with some dark freckles. No fins, only one gill-opening on
the ventral side.

159

Northern Thai Fishes
Order Anabantiformes
Family Anabantidae
Anabas testudineus (Blotch, 1792)
Climbing perch ปลาหมอ (Pla Mor)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: Freshwaters in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing rivers, streams, swamps, canals, reservoirs.
Remarks: Body stout, greenish gray with black freckles, a round blotch on gill cover and on
caudal fin base. Eyes reddish. Dorsal fin with 15-19 spines and 7-9 soft rays. Anal fin with 9-11
spines and 8-12 soft rays. Air-breathing species.

Family Helostomidae
Helostoma temmincki Cuvier, 1831
Kissing gourami ปลาหมอตาล ปลาหมอจูบ (Pla Mor Tal, Pla mor Joob)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: Lower Ping, Yom and Nan River confluent to the upper Chao Phraya and the
Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing rivers, swamps, ponds, lakes, canals, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body ovate, compressed. Mouth small located in front of eye. Dorsal fin with 16-18
spines and 13-16 soft rays. Anal fin with 13-15 spines and 17-19 soft rays.

160

Northern Thai Fishes
Family Osphronemidae
Betta splendens Cuvier, 1831
Siamese fighting fish ปลากัด (Pla Kad)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in stagnant waters, swamps, ponds, lakes, rice fields, canals, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Operculum iridescent with a reddish bar in males. Body with 2 longitudinal stripes.
Caudal fin round with red crescent distally in males.

Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1802
Giant gourami ปลาแรด (Pla Re-ad)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: Chao Phraya River Basin, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing or stagnant waters.
Remarks: Body deep, ovate, compressed, grayish silvery with vertical stripes. Dorsal fin with
11-14 spines and 12-14 soft rays. Anal fin with 10-11 spines and 20-23 soft rays.

161

Northern Thai Fishes
Trichopodus microlepis (Günther, 1861)
Moon light gourami ปลากระดี่นาง (Pla Kra Dee Nang)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing or stagnant waters such as swamps, ponds, lakes, rice fields,
canals, and reservoirs with aquatic vegetation.
Remarks: Body ovate, compressed, plain silvery. Snout pointed. Head profile concave. Dorsal
fin with 3-4 spines. Caudal fin forked.

Trichopodus pectoralis Regan, 1909
Snakeskin gourami ปลาสลิด ปลาใบไม้ (Pla Salid, Pla Baimai)

Size: 20 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing or stagnant waters such as swamps, ponds, lakes, rice fields,
canals, and reservoirs with floating aquatic plants.
Remarks: Body oblong, compressed, grayish silvery with several dark oblique bands and a midlateral stripe from snout to caudal fin base. Dorsal fin with 10-11 soft rays.

162

Northern Thai Fishes
Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770)
Three spot gourami ปลากระดี่หม้อ (Pla Kra Dee Mor)

Size: 12 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing or stagnant waters such as swamps, ponds, lakes, rice fields,
canals, and reservoirs with floating aquatic plants.
Remarks: Body ovate, compressed, greenish silvery with numerous narrow oblique stripes and aspot in the middle and on caudal peduncle. Dorsal fin with 7-10 soft rays.

Trichopsis pumila (Arnold, 1937)
Pygmy gourami ปลากริมสี (Pla Krim See)

Size: 3 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing and stagnant waters including swamps, ponds, lakes, rice
fields, canals, and reservoirs with floating aquatic plants.
Remarks: Body rather slender, iridescent with a mid-lateral stripe. Anal fin with 5-7 spines.
Many vivid black dots on dorsal, anal, and caudal fin. Iridescent spots on median fins.

163

Northern Thai Fishes
Trichopsis vittata (Cuvier, 1831)
Croaking gourami ปลากริมควาย ปลากริมข้างลาย (Pla Krim Kwai, Pla Krim Khang Lai)

Size: 6 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing and stagnant waters including swamps, ponds, lakes, rice
fields, canals, and reservoirs with floating aquatic plants.
Remarks: Body rather deep with 2-4 longitudinal stripes and a blotch above pectoral fin.

Family Channidae
Channa auroflammea Adamson, Britz & Lieng 2019
Blotched snakehead fish ปลาช่อนงูเห่า (Pla Chon Ngoo Hao)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River Basin and possible in the Salween Riverbasin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing or stagnant waters.
Remarks: Body elongated, dark brown with a large dark blotch on upper caudal fin base andnumerous white spots on median fins and body. Head narrow. Snout pointed.

164

Northern Thai Fishes
Channa limbata (Cuvier 1831)
Stream snakehead ปลาก้าง ปลาช่อนเจ็ดสี (Pla Kaang, Plachon Jed See)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: Widely in Southeast Asia including Thailand.
Habitat: Occurs in mountain streams, canals, swamps, rice fields and rivers.
Remarks: Body slender, brownish. Dark bands on pectoral fin base. Margin of median fins white,orange, or reddish. Lateral line scales 39- 47.

Channa lucius (Cuvier, 1831)
Blotched snakehead ปลากระสง (Pla Krasong)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, rivers in mainland Southern Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing and stagnant waters including swamps, ponds, lakes, rice fields,
canals, and reservoirs with floating aquatic plants.
Remarks: Body rather stout grayish with a series of dark blotches along mid-lateral line. Headdepressed; profile slightly concave.

165

Northern Thai Fishes
Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831)
Giant snakehead fish ปลาชะโด (Pla Cha Dow)

Size: 100 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and rivers in mainland Southern Asia
area. No repot from Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing large rivers and lakes.
Remarks: Body stout, grayish with irregular dark stripe in adults; two longitudinal stripes andorange interstripes in juveniles.

Channa striata (Blotch, 1793)
Striped snakehead fish ปลาช่อน ปลาหลิม (Pla Chon, Pla Lim)

Size: 40 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing lowland rivers and stagnant waters.
Remarks: Body elongate, grayish with chevron patterns.

166Northern Thai Fishes
Family Nandidae
Nandus nebulosus (Gray, 1835)
Bornean leaffish ปลาดุมซี (Pla Dum See)

Size: 6 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in stagnant water or slow-flowing waters with dense floating vegetation.
Remarks: Body oblong, compressed with 5-6 vertical dark bars. 1 spine on cheek. Solitary andwith its cryptic coloration, strongly resembles a piece of dead leaf.

Family Badidae
Badis ruber Schreitmüller, 1923
Badis ปลาหมอแคระ (Pla Mor Klea)

Size: 4 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River, the Salween River, and the Irrawaddy River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in stagnant water or slow-flowing waters with dense floating vegetation.
Remarks: Body oblong, compressed with longitudinal orange stripes and vertical blue stripes
alongside. Dorsal fin with 16-18 spines and 8-10 soft rays. Anal fin with 3 spines and 6-8 soft
rays. Caudal fin rounded with dark spots along the base.

167

Northern Thai Fishes
Family Pristolepidae
Pristolepis fasciata (Bleeker, 1851)
Malayan leaffish, Catopra ปลาหมอช้างเหยียบ (Pla Mor Chang Yieb)

Size: 18 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chaophraya River, the Meklong River, widely in Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in stagnant water and slow-flowing waters.
Remarks: Body ovate, compressed, brownish silver with 6-8 vertical bars alongside. Lateral line
interrupted.

Order Carangiformes
Family Polynemidae
Polynemus aquilonaris Mutomura, 2003
Northern threadfin fish ปลาหนวดพราณ์หมเจ็ดเส้น (Pla Nuad Plam Jed Sen)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in large rivers with sandy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, with plain pale grey. Pectoral fin with 7 long free rays.

168

Northern Thai Fishes
Polynemus multifilis Temminck & Schlegel 1843
Fringed threadfin fish ปลาหนวดพราณ์หมสิบสี่เส้น (Pla Nuad Plam Sib SeeSen)

Motomura, 2004
Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in large rivers with sandy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body slender, with plain pale grey. Pectoral fin with 14 long free rays.

Family Soleidae
Brachirus harmandi (Sauvage, 1878)
Harman’s sole ปลาลิ้นควาย ปลาป่าน ปลาใบไม้ (Pla Lin Kwai, Pla Pan, Pla Bai Mai)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main streams with sandy, silty, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body oval, strongly compressed, with both eyes on right side (ocular side). Ocular sidewith numerous dark spots on body and median fins. Left side (blind side) of body white withbrownish stains. Lateral line scales 55-65. Dorsal and anal fins confluent with caudal fin. Pectoral
fin rudimentary.

169

Northern Thai Fishes
Brachirus panoides (Bleeker, 1851)
Small scale tongue fish ปลาลิ้นควาย (Pla Lin Kwai)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: Southeast Asia including Thailand.
Habitat: Occurs in large rivers with sandy, silty, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body oblong, strongly compressed, with both eyes on right side (ocular side). Ocularside with several dark spots and several vertical thin lines. Left side (blind side) of body white.
Lateral line scales 90-100. Dorsal and anal fins confluent with caudal fin. Pectoral fin rudimental.
Dorsal fin with 76-85 rays. Anal fin with 56-65 rays.

Family Cynoglossidae
Cynoglossus feldmanni (Bleeker, 1854)
Tongue fish ปลาลิ้นหมาลายด่าง (Pla Lin Ma Lai Dang)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in large rivers with sandy, silty, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body oblong, strongly compressed with both eyes on left side (ocular side); brownish
with numerous speckles. Right side of body (blind side) pink. Three lateral lines on ocular side.
Scale rows between upper and middle lateral line 17-18. Caudal fin with 10 rays.

170

Northern Thai Fishes
Cynoglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851)
Small scale tongue fish ปลาลิ้นหมาเกล็ดเล็ก (Pla Lin Ma Kred Lek)

Size: 30 cm SL.
Distribution: Lower part of Ping and Nan River and Chaophraya River basin.
Habitat: Found in bottom with sand, silt, and muddy of large river.
Remarks: Body oblong, strongly compressed with both eyes on left side (ocular side); plainbrownish. Right side of body (blind side) pink. Three lateral lines on ocular side. Scale rows
between upper and middle lateral line 21-22. Caudal fin with 8 rays.

Family Toxotidae
Toxotes siamensis Kottelat & Tan 2018
Siamese archerfish ปลาเสือพ่นน้ำ (Pla Sua Pon Nam Siam)

Size: 15 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in large to small rivers, canals, swamps, ponds, and marshes.
Remarks: Body oval, silver with 4 vertically elongated blotches on the flank. Dorsal fin with 5
spines. Lateral line scales 40-42. At least 6 scale rows between dorsal fin origin and lateral line.,

171

Northern Thai Fishes
Order Cichliformes
Family Ambassidae
Parambassis ranga (Hamiltion, 1822)
Indian glassy fish ปลาแป้นแก้วอินเดีย (Pla Pan Kaew India)

Size: 7 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River, the Mekong River, and the Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Found in both flowing and stagnant water.
Remarks: Body oval, compressed, translucent. Lateral line scales 56-70. Transverse scales 911/1/30-33. 3 rows of scales in the anal fin sheath. Dorsal fin with 14-16 rays. Anal fin with 1417 rays. Gill rakers 22-28.

Parambassis siamensis (Fowler, 1937)
Siamese glassfish ปลาแป้นแก้วสยาม (Pla Pan Kaew Siam)

Size: 3-5 cm SL
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basins, Malay Peninsula.
Habitat: Occurs in large to small rivers, swamps, and reservoirs.
Remarks: Body oval, compressed, translucent. Second anal fin spine not enlarged. Lateral line
scales 55-60. Lower jaw slightly projecting. A humeral dark spot present. Gill rakers 22-25. 5
rows of cheek scales present.

172Northern Thai Fishes
Parambassis vollmeri Roberts, 1995
Salween glassfish ปลาแป้นแก้ว (Pla Pan Kaew)

Size: 3-5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Salween River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main steams and tributaries, swamps, and ponds.
Remarks: Body ovate, compressed with a dark bar between pectoral fin base and origin of
dorsal fin. Dorsal fin with 16-17 rays. Gill rakers 13-16. 50 lateral line scales. 12-13 pectoralfin rays. Anal fin sheath with a row of scales.

Parambassis wolffii (Bleeker, 1850)
Giant glassfish ปลาแป้นแก้ว ปลาข้าวเม่า (Pla Pan Kaew, Pla Khao Mao)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in main streams, lakes, and swamps.
Remarks: Body deep, compressed, plain whitish. Mouth large, upturned. Head profile concave
above eye. Anal fin with remarkably long second spine and 10-11 rays. Lateral line scales 43-46.
Gill rakers 27-29. Cheek with 9-10 scale rows.

173

Northern Thai Fishes
Family Cichlidae
Oreochromis niloticus (Bleeker, 1851)
Nile Tilapia ปลานิล (Pla Nil)

Size: 50 cm SL.
Distribution: Originated from North Africa. Introduced widely in the world including Thailand.
Habitat: Occurs in both stagnant water and slow-flowing waters.
Remarks: Body deep, compressed, with about 10 dark bars. Caudal fin rounded with many dark
stripes. Dorsal fin with 15-18 spines and 6-8 soft rays.

Order Beloniformes
Family Belonidae
Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822)
Asian Freshwater Needlefish ปลากระทุงเหว (Pla Kra Tung Haew)

Size: 25 cm SL.
Distribution: Southeast Asia including Thailand, South Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing large to medium rivers.
Remarks: Body elongate, dark greenish silvery with a broad mid lateral band. Both jaws
extremely elongated, with sharp conical teeth. Dorsal fin and anal fin located near caudal fin.
Dorsal fin with 16-18 rays. Anal fin with 17-19 rays.

174

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Family Hemirhamphidae
Dermogenys siamensis Fowler, 1934
Siamese wrestling halfbeak ปลาเข็ม (Pla Khem)

Size: 5 cm SL.
Distribution: India, and Southeast Asia including Thailand.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing or stagnant waters including rivulets, canals, rice fields, drains,swamps, ponds, reservoirs and lakes.
Remarks: Body slender with a pale mid-lateral band. Only lower jaw extremely elongated.
Dorsal fin origin slightly behind anal fin origin. Caudal fin pointed.

Family Adrianichthyidae
Oryzias minutillus Smith, 1945
Draft Medaka ปลาซิวข้าวสาร (Pla Siew Khaosarn)Size: 1-2 cm SL.
Distribution: The Mekong River and Chao Phraya River Basin. Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing or still waters.
Remarks: Body slender, very small, translucent with some pigments. Anal fin with 17- 21 soft
rays. Pelvic fin with 7 rays. Dorsal and anal fin rays elongate in males.

175

Northern Thai Fishes
Order Perciformes
Family Sciaenidae
Boesemania microlepis (Bleeker, 1858)
Smallscale croaker ปลาม้า (Pla Ma)

Size: 70 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in large rivers with sandy and silty bottom.
Remarks: Body stout, plain silvery. Dorsal fin with 10-11 spines and 27-30 rays. Tail slenderwith pointed caudal fin. Produces drum-like sound with gas bladder. Feeds on bottom-dwellinginvertebrates.

Order Tetraodontiiformes

Family Tetraodontidae
Pao abei (Roberts, 1998)
Abe’s puffer ปลาปักเป้าจุดส้ม (Pla Pak Pao Jud Som)

Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing streams with sandy, silty, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body oblong. Dorso-lateral surface of body with numerous pale spots uniformly
distributed over a dark background, and orange spots with dark margin.

176

Northern Thai Fishes
Pao palustris (Saenjundaeng, Vidthayanon & Grudpun 2013)
Small scale tongue fish ปลาปักเป้าอินโดจีน (Pla Pak Pao Indochine)Size: 8 cm SL.
Distribution: The Chao Phraya River and the Mekong River Basin, Southeast Asia.
Habitat: Occurs in slow-flowing or stagnant waters with sandy, silty, and muddy bottom.
Remarks: Body oblong. A black ocellus between dorsal fin origin and anal fin origin.

177

Northern Thai Fishes
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