Iwaky
2019

RosRAO FSUE
Russian backend activity
Floria Sergei, Ph.D.

Rosatom Group•

Global leader in nuclear
Full chain uranium mining todecommissioning of nuclear facilities andRadwaste & SNF management
NPP construction projects(6 in Russia and 36 abroad)
16% of the global nuclear fuelmarket•

Russian State Corporation••

400 affiliate companies& 200 K employees

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RosRAO business activities

Integrated
RADWASTE
management

Rehabilitation andremediation

Dismantlement of Nuclear PoweredSubmarines & Service Ships

Decommissioningof nuclear facilities

Hazardous wastemanagement

RosRAO’s Branches and Divisions

38 branches in
Russia and CIS
countries
RosRAO is the onlyEnterprise ofRosatom group
operating in Far
Eastern Federal
District of RussianFederation

Rehabilitation
RW Management
Decommissioning
Research and Development
NPS and NPSS dismantlement

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RosRAO’s outline

Nation-wide complex Radwaste
management operator

Decommissioning and dismantling(D&D) Operator

8 Branches (Russia & Kyrgyz Republic)

Decommissioning of nuclear facilities

21 sites & 2100 people

Rehabilitation of contaminated territories
under intergovernmental andgovernmental frameworks

Own special vehicles and container fleet

5Russian RW Management System Evolution
1940-2011

2011 - currently

Before State RW Management Law Approved

After State RW Management Law Approved

LegacyOperating RW

State budget

Operator’s budget

LegacyOperating RW

State responsibility

There was not clear responsibility✓ Enterprises have their own local RW
management strategies✓ There was not goal to RW treatment andconditioning for disposal✓ The main local strategy is RW storage✓ There was not long-term solution for RW
management – legacy volume increases.
✓ No system management – no financial efficiency

Operatorsresponsibility

Removing
Treatment

Treatment
Conditioning

Storage & Disposal✓ All RW must be disposed✓ New financial mechanism✓ Reduce RW volume for storage✓ Reduce safety risks✓ Transparent system

Government D&D programs and key goals
2008-2015
Nuclear and Radiation Safety Program 1(2,35 B$)AMBVVER2

RW storages 40

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EGP

SNF Storages 39

4

Test sites• Determination of the legacy challenges• New nuclear and radioactive safety monitoring
system development• Created disposal infrastructure for LLW

Rehabilitation

>20

7R&D

2016-2020
Nuclear and Radiation Safety Program 2(9,6 B$)
3Mining

RBMK

112Metallurgy

RR50Radiochemistry

4UGR

13

more then
100 sitesLandfills• HLW disposal infrastructure• The open pools of Liquide RW close• SNF reprocessing infrastructure

6

7Government D&D programs current performance• 50 nuclear-hazardous sites decommissioned & rehabilitated• New modern SNF dry storage facility in operation, 29 386 SNF
assemblies transferred• Closing down of Karachai Lake (=50 football fields).

• First Uranium-Graphite Reactor decommissioned• Two historical nuclear research sites in Moscow
decommissioned• Rehabilitation of more than 2 mln.sq.m

Uranium-graphite reactors
shutdown

First research reactor inMoscow

Research plutonium
centreKarachai lake.
120 mln. Ci.

Most of the SNF placed in
the new modern facilities

Decommissioned by“Entombment”

Dismantled

Decommissioned to“brown” field

Closed down

After

After

BeforeBeforeSNF storages filled/
defected SNF

8Bochvar Institute D&D current projects
Building 53 (1974) U, Pu works
Co-60, Sr-90 sources, 3H, BeHigh gamma
Area: 1121 м2Characterization
Decontamination & Dismantling
License granted
2 years – project (2018)

Building B (1945) U, Pu labs
High alpha contamination
Area: 7 407 м2

U-5 Facility (1946) Pu-plant prototype
Area: 750 м2
Characterization
Decontamination & Dismantling
Legacy waste retrieval
License granted
3 years – project (2020)

Residential area

Characterization
Decontamination & Dismantling
Tanks and laboratory equipment
dismantlement
Building dismantlement
Site rehabilitation
License granted

5 years (done)!
See next slide

Building A (1945) Radiochemicallabs, Pu contamination
Area: 11 667 м2Characterization
Project development
Legacy waste retrievalLicense to apply
5 years – project (2023)

Residential area

9Project “Rehabilitation of uranium mining company Almaz”
Uranium mining and processing company “Almaz” was established in 1952.
Due to economical reasons, mining was completed in 1975 (mine 1) and in 1988 (mine 2).

Rehabilitation area – 922 000 m2
Building and adits dismantlement. Elimination of the ventilation ducts,crosscuts; filling adit’s entrances;rock dumps remediation.
Remediation of the tailing dumps of the hydrometallurgical plant.
Reconstruction of the radon pipline (adit No16).

Scheme of ground watermonitoring system

10Main Sources of RW Generation in Future

Mean values for D&D of
1 NPP unit:
20 000 tons ofaccumulated RW
Specific amount ofmetal
15 000 tons
Labor capacity
5600 personnel years
New-generated RW
14 000 tons

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Impediments in RW Management

Typical Radwaste generated from decommission

Concrete structure

Metal structure

Equipment

Wood and organic waste

Soil and concrete sandOther(wire, glass, insulations, etc)

RosRAO average capacity of segregation and characterization ∼ 0.2 m3/(man⋅hour)
The main challenges faced by RosRAO to raise of the capacity :AspectChallenge to be resolved
Impossible to perform surface activity measurement; change of1) Irregular shapedistance between detector and object causes error in measurement
Unknown morphologic composition does not allow to define2) Mixed morphological composition correctly the binding constant and estimate amount of nuclear
materials in the object
3) Inaccessibility of interior of theImpossibility to measure internal surface activity of contaminatedequipment for measurements
process equipment leads to false reduction of RW class4) Integral character of the measured Conservative approach to detect total activity of the object leads tovalues
false increase of RW hazard class.
5) Absence of correlation between
Knowing specific activity of a large amount of RW, it is impossible
portions of waste
to guarantee that the specific activity of a portion will be similar
6) Huge amount of manual operations Low rate of characterization

Ways to solve the problem:- minimization of measurement time (combined measurements);- reduction of the segregated portion (accounting for internal activity of nuclides);- refusal of manual labor (unification and automation of operations).

13Дорожная карта

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Technology future view

Retrieval and collection

Sorting anddecontamination

Storage?

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Today RosRAO R&D: anthropomorphic manipulatorПереработка ТРО

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Today RosRAO R&D: Alpha deep Contamination Scanner

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Outputs

Modern technologies allow performing D&D projects much faster however significantly more expensive.
Technologies aimed at reduction of RW storage areas are more risky.
Modern regulation doesn't meet modern technology.

6, Pyzhevskiy Lane,
Moscow, Russia, 119017
Tel.: +7 (495) 710-76-48
Fax: +7 (495) 710-76-50
E-mail: info@rosrao.ru
www.rosrao.ru

Thank you for your attention!