英語（リーディング）各大問の英文や図表を読み，解答番号

１

〜

４８

にあてはまるものとして最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。

第１問 （配点 １０）
Ａ

You are studying about Brazil in the international club at your senior highschool. Your teacher asked you to do research on food in Brazil. You find a
Brazilian cookbook and read about fruits used to make desserts.

Popular Brazilian Fruits

Cupuaçu

Jabuticaba

・Smells and tastes like chocolate
・Great for desserts, such as cakes, andwith yogurt
・Brazilians love the chocolate-flavoredjuice of this fruit.

・Looks like a grape
・Eat them within three days of picking fora sweet flavor.
・After they get sour, use them for making
jams, jellies, and cakes.

Pitanga

Buriti・Comes in two varieties, red and green
・Use the sweet red one for making cakes.
・The sour green one is only for jams andjellies.

・Orange inside, similar to a peach or amango
・Tastes very sweet, melts in your mouth・Best for ice cream, cakes, and jams

― ４ ―（２１１０―４）

問 １ Both cupuaçu and buriti can be used to make!

a cake"chocolate#

ice cream$

yogurt１.

問 ２ If you want to make a sour cake, the best fruit to use is!

buriti"cupuaçu

#jabuticaba$

pitanga

― ５ ―

２

.

（２１１０―５）

Ｂ

You are looking at the website for the City Zoo in Toronto, Canada and you

find an interesting contest announcement. You are thinking about entering thecontest.

Contest!
Name a Baby Giraffe
Let’s welcome our newest animal to the City Zoo!
A healthy baby giraffe was born on May ２６ at the City Zoo.
He’s already walking and running around!
He weighs ６６kg and is １８０cm tall.
Your mission is to help his parents, Billy and Noelle, pick a name for their baby.
How to Enter◆ Click on the link here to submit your idea for his name and follow thedirections.
→ Enter Here
◆ Names are accepted starting at １２:００ a.m. on June １ until １１:５９ p.m. on
June ７.
◆ Watch the baby giraffe on the live web camera to help you get ideas.
→ Live Web Camera◆ Each submission is $５. All money will go towards feeding the growing
baby giraffe.
Contest Schedule
June ８The zoo staff will choose five finalists from all the entries.
These names will be posted on the zoo’s website by ５:００ p.m.

June ９How will the parents decide on the winning name?
Click on the live stream link between １１:００ a.m. and １２:００ p.m.
to find out!
→ Live Stream
Check our website for the winning name after １２:００ p.m.

PrizesAll five contest finalists will receive free one-day zoo passes valid until the endof July.
The one who submitted the winning name will also get a special photo of thebaby giraffe with his family, as well as a private Night Safari Tour!
― ６ ―（２１１０―６）

問 １ You can enter this contest between!

May ２６ and May ３１"June １ and June ７#

June ８ and June ９$

June １０ and July ３１３.

問 ２ When submitting your idea for the baby giraffe’s name, you must４.

!

buy a day pass"

pay the submission fee#

spend five dollars at the City Zoo$

watch the giraffe through the website

問 ３ If the name you submitted is included among the five finalists, you will５.

!

get free entry to the zoo for a day"

have free access to the live website#

meet and feed the baby giraffe$take a picture with the giraffe’s family― ７ ―（２１１０―７）

第２問 （配点 ２０）
Ａ

You are on a Future Leader summer programme, which is taking place on auniversity campus in the UK. You are reading the information about thelibrary so that you can do your coursework.

Abermouth University Library
Open from ８ am to ９ pm
２０２２ Handout
Library Card: Your student ID card is also your library card and photocopy
card. It is in your welcome pack.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Borrowing Books
Comments from Past Students
You can borrow a maximum of eightbooks at one time for seven days.

!

To

really good.

check books out, go to the Information
Desk, which is on the first floor.

If

The library orientation was
The materials

were great, too!
!

The

Study

Area

can

get

books are not returned by the due date,really crowded. Get there as

you will not be allowed to borrow library

early as possible to get abooks again for three days from the day

seat!
!

the books are returned.

The Wi-Fi inside the library isquite slow, but the one at theUsing Computers

coffee shop next door isComputers with Internet connections aregood.

in the Computer Workstations by thecannot bring any drinks intomain

the library.

entrance

on

the

first

floor.

Students may bring their own laptop!

By the way, you

The staff at the Information

computers and tablets into the library,Desk

but may use them only in the Studyquestions.

Area on the second floor. Students areneed any help!

asked to work quietly, and also not toreserve seats for friends.

!

answeredallmyGo there if you

On the ground floor there aresome TVs for watching thelibrary’s

videos.

When

Library Orientations

watching videos, you need to

On Tuesdays at １０am, ２０-minute libraryuse your own earphones ororientations are held in the Reading

headphones. Next to the TVs

Room on the third floor.

there are photocopiers.

Talk to the

Information Desk staff for details.
― ８ ―（２１１０―８）

問１

６

are two things you can do at the library.

Ａ：bring in coffee from the coffee shop
Ｂ：save seats for others in the Study Area
Ｃ：use the photocopiers on the second floor
Ｄ：use your ID to make photocopies
Ｅ：use your laptop in the Study Area!

Ａ and Ｂ"

Ａ and Ｃ#

Ｂ and Ｅ$

Ｃ and Ｄ%Ｄ and Ｅ

問 ２ You are at the main entrance of the library and want to go to theorientation. You need to!

go down one floor"

go up one floor#

go up two floors$

stay on the same floor

問３

８

７

.

near the main entrance to the library.

!

The Computer Workstations are"

The Reading Room is#

The Study Area is$

The TVs are― ９ ―（２１１０―９）

問 ４ If you borrowed three books on ２ August and returned them on １０ August,you could

９.

!

borrow eight more books on １０ August"borrow seven more books on １０ August#

not borrow any more books before １３ August$

not borrow any more books before １７ August

問 ５ One fact stated by a previous student is that

１０

.

!

headphones or earphones are necessary when watching videos"

the library is open until ９ pm#

the library orientation handouts are wonderful$

the Study Area is often empty― １０ ―（２１１０―１０）

Ｂ

You are the editor of a school English paper. David, an exchange student
from the UK, has written an article for the paper.

Do you like animals? The UK is known as a nation of animal-lovers; two in five
UK homes have pets. This is lower than in the US, where more than half ofhomes have pets. However, Australia has the highest percentage of homes
with pets!

Why is this so? Results of a survey done in Australia give us some answers.

Pet owners mention the following advantages of living with pets:!

The love, happiness, and friendship pets give（９０％）;!

The feeling of having another family member（over ６０％ of dog andcat owners）;! The happy times pets bring. Most owners spend ３―４ hours with their‘fur babies’ every day and around half of all dog and cat owners let
their pets sleep with them!

One disadvantage is that pets have to be cared forwhen owners go away. It may be difficult to organisecare for them; ２５％ of owners take their pets on
holidays or road trips.

These results suggest that keeping pets is a good thing. On the other hand,since coming to Japan, I have seen other problems such as space, time, andcost. Still, I know people here who are content living in small flats with pets.
Recently, I heard that little pigs are becoming popular as pets in Japan. Somepeople take their pig（s）for a walk, which must be fun, but I wonder how easy
it is to keep pigs inside homes.
― １１ ―（２１１０―１１）

問 １ In terms of the ratios for homes with pets, which shows the countries’
ranking from highest to lowest?

!

Australia ― the UK ― the US"

Australia ― the US ― the UK#

The UK ― Australia ― the US$

The UK ― the US ― Australia%

The US ― Australia ― the UK&

The US ― the UK ― Australia

１１

問 ２ According to David’s report, one advantage of having pets is that!

you can save money"

you can sleep longer#

you will become popular$

your life can be more enjoyable

問 ３ The statement that best reflects one finding from the survey is!

‘I feel uncomfortable when I watch TV with my cat.’"‘I spend about three hours with my pet every day.’#‘Most pets like going on car trips.’$‘Pets need a room of their own.’― １２ ―

１２.

１３（２１１０―１２）

問 ４ Which best summarises David’s opinions about having pets in Japan?
１４!

It is not troublesome to keep pets.

"

People might stop keeping pets.

#

Pet owners have more family members.

$

Some people are happy to keep pets inside their homes.

問 ５ Which is the most suitable title for the article?

!

Does Your Pet Sleep on Your Bed?

"

What Does Keeping Pets Give Us?

#

What Pet Do You Have?

$

Why Not Keep a Pet Pig?

― １３ ―

１５（２１１０―１３）

第３問 （配点 １５）
Ａ

You are interested in how Japanese culture is represented in other countries.
You are reading a young UK blogger’s post.

Emily Sampson
Monday, ５ July, ８.００ pm

On the first two Sundays in July every year, there is an intercultural event
in Winsfield called A Slice of Japan. I had a chance to go there yesterday.
It is definitely worth visiting!

There were many authentic food stands

called yatai, hands-on activities, and some great performances. The yatai
served green-tea ice cream, takoyaki, and yakitori.

I tried green-tea ice

cream and takoyaki. The takoyaki was especially delicious. You should trysome!

I saw three performances. One of them was a rakugo comedy given in
English. Some people were laughing, but somehow I didn’t find it funny.
It may be because I don’t know much about Japanese culture. For me, theother two, the taiko and the koto, were the highlights.

The taiko werepowerful, and the koto was relaxing.

I attended a workshop and a cultural experience, which were fun. In theworkshop, I learnt how to make onigiri. Although the shape of the one I
made was a little odd, it tasted good. The nagashi-somen experience wasreally interesting!

It involved trying to catch cooked noodles withchopsticks as they slid down a bamboo water slide. It was very difficult tocatch them.

If you want to experience a slice of Japan, this festival is for you! I took a
picture of the flyer. Check it out.
― １４ ―（２１１０―１４）

問 １ In Emily’s blog, you read that she

１６!

enjoyed Japanese traditional music"

learnt how to play Japanese drums#

made a water slide from bamboo$

was able to try all the yatai foods

問 ２ Emily was most likely

１７.

when she was listening to the rakugo

comedy.

!

confused"convinced#

excited$relaxed― １５ ―（２１１０―１５）

Ｂ

You enjoy outdoor sports and have found an interesting story in a mountainclimbing magazine.

Attempting the Three Peaks Challenge
By John Highland
Last September, a team of １２ of us, １０
climbers and two minibus drivers, participatedin the Three Peaks Challenge, which is wellknown for its difficulty among climbers in
Britain.

The goal is to climb the highest

Ben Nevis(▲1344 m)
Scafell Pike(▲977 m)Snowdon(▲1085 m)

mountain in Scotland（Ben Nevis）, in England（Scafell Pike）, and in Wales （Snowdon） within ２４ hours,

includingapproximately １０ hours of driving between the mountains. To prepare for this,we trained on and off for several months and planned the route carefully. Our
challenge would start at the foot of Ben Nevis and finish at the foot of
Snowdon.
We began our first climb at six o’clock on a beautiful autumn morning.
Thanks to our training, we reached the summit in under three hours. On theway down, however, I realised I had dropped my phone. Fortunately, I found itwith the help of the team, but we lost １５ minutes.
We reached our next destination, Scafell Pike, early that evening. After
six hours of rest in the minibus, we started our second climb full of energy.
As it got darker, though, we had to slow down. It took four-and-a-half hours tocomplete Scafell Pike.
running out.

Again, it took longer than planned, and time was

However, because the traffic was light, we were right onschedule when we started our final climb.

Now we felt more confident wecould complete the challenge within the time limit.
Unfortunately, soon after we started the final climb, it began to rain
heavily and we had to slow down again. It was slippery and very difficult tosee ahead. At ４．
３０ am, we realised that we could no longer finish in ２４ hours.
― １６ ―（２１１０―１６）

Nevertheless, we were still determined to climb the final mountain. The rain
got heavier and heavier, and two members of the team decided to return to theminibus. Exhausted and miserable, the rest of us were also ready to go backdown, but then the sky cleared, and we saw that we were really close to the
top of the mountain.

Suddenly, we were no longer tired.

Even though weweren’t successful with the time challenge, we were successful with the climb
challenge. We had done it. What a feeling that was!

問 １ Put the following events（!〜$）into the order they happened.
１８

→

１９

→

２０

→

２１

!

All members reached the top of the highest mountain in Scotland.

"Some members gave up climbing Snowdon.

#

The group travelled by minibus to Wales.

$

The team members helped to find the writer’s phone.

問 ２ What was the reason for being behind schedule when they completed
Scafell Pike?

２２!

It took longer than planned to reach the top of Ben Nevis.

"

It was difficult to make good progress in the dark.

#

The climbers took a rest in order to save energy.

$

The team had to wait until the conditions improved.

問 ３ From this story, you learnt that the writer!

didn’t feel a sense of satisfaction"

reached the top of all three mountains#

successfully completed the time challenge$

was the second driver of the minibus― １７ ―

２３.

（２１１０―１７）

第４問 （配点 １６）
You are a new student at Robinson University in the US. You are reading theblogs of two students, Len and Cindy, to find out where you can buy things foryour apartment.

New to Robinson University?
Posted by Len at ４:５１ p.m. on August ４，
２０２１
Getting ready for college?

Do you need some home appliances orelectronics, but don’t want to spend too much money? There’s a great store
close to the university called Second Hand.

It sells used goods such as

televisions, vacuum cleaners, and microwaves. A lot of students like to buy
and sell their things at the store. Here are some items that are on sale now.
Most of them are priced very reasonably, but stock is limited, so hurry!

https://〓〓〓〓〓〓〓
Purchasing used goods is eco-friendly. Plus, by buying from Second Hand
you’ll be supporting a local business.

The owner is actually a graduate ofRobinson University!
― １８ ―（２１１０―１８）

Welcome to Robinson University!
Posted by Cindy at １１:２１ a.m. on August ５，
２０２１
Are you starting at Robinson University soon? You may be preparing tobuy some household appliances or electronics for your new life.
You’re going to be here for four years, so buy your goods new! In my firstyear, I bought all of my appliances at a shop selling used goods near theuniversity because they were cheaper than brand-new ones. However, some ofthem stopped working after just one month, and they did not have warranties.
I had to replace them quickly and could not shop around, so I just bought
everything from one big chain store. I wish I had been able to compare theprices at two or more shops beforehand.
The website called save４unistu.com is very useful for comparing the pricesof items from different stores before you go shopping.

The following tablecompares current prices for the most popular new items from three big stores.

https://〓〓〓〓〓〓〓
Note that warranties are available for all items.

So, if anything stops

working, replacing it will be straightforward. Value Saver provides one-year
warranties on all household goods for free.

If the item is over $３００, thewarranty is extended by four years. Great Buy provides one-year warranties
on all household goods, and students with proof of enrollment at a school get
１０％ off the prices listed on the table above. Warranties at Cut Price are notprovided for free. You have to pay $１０ per item for a five-year warranty.
Things go fast! Don’t wait or you’ll miss out!
― １９ ―（２１１０―１９）

問 １ Len recommends buying used goods because

２４!

it will help the university"

most of the items are good for the environment#

they are affordable for students$

you can find what you need in a hurry

問 ２ Cindy suggests buying

２５

.

.

!

from a single big chain store because it saves time"from the website because it offers the best prices#

new items that have warranties for replacement$

used items because they are much cheaper than new items

問 ３ Both Len and Cindy recommend that you!

buy from the store near your university"

buy your appliances as soon as you can#choose a shop offering a student discount$choose the items with warranties― ２０ ―

２６.

（２１１０―２０）

問 ４ If you want to buy new appliances at the best possible prices, you should
２７

.

!

access the URL in Cindy’s post"

access the URL in Len’s post#contact one big chain store$

contact shops close to the campus

問 ５ You have decided to buy a microwave from

２８

cheapest. You have also decided to buy a television frombecause it is the
２９becauseit is the cheapest with a five-year warranty. （Choose one for each box from
options !〜$.）!

Cut Price"

Great Buy#

Second Hand$

Value Saver― ２１ ―（２１１０―２１）

第５問 （配点 １５）
In your English class, you will give a presentation about a great inventor.
You found the following article and prepared notes for your presentation.

Who invented television? It is not an easy question
to answer. In the early years of the ２０th century, there
was something called a mechanical television system, but
it was not a success. Inventors were also competing todevelop an electronic television system, which later
became the basis of what we have today.

In the US,

there was a battle over the patent for the electronic

Farnsworth in 1939

television system, which attracted people’s attention
because it was between a young man and a giant corporation.

This patent

would give the inventor the official right to be the only person to develop, use,or sell the system.
Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in a log cabin in Utah in １９０６.

His

family did not have electricity until he was １２ years old, and he was excited tofind a generator―a machine that produces electricity―when they moved into a
new home. He was very interested in mechanical and electrical technology,
reading any information he could find on the subject. He would often repair
the old generator and even changed his mother’s hand-powered washingmachine into an electricity-powered one.
One day, while working in his father’s potato field, he looked behind him
and saw all the straight parallel rows of soil that he had made. Suddenly, it
occurred to him that it might be possible to create an electronic image on ascreen using parallel lines, just like the rows in the field. In １９２２, during thespring semester of his first year at high school, he presented this idea to his
chemistry teacher, Justin Tolman, and asked for advice about his concept of anelectronic television system. With sketches and diagrams on blackboards, he― ２２ ―（２１１０―２２）

showed the teacher how it might be accomplished, and Tolman encouraged him
to develop his ideas.
On September ７, １９２７, Farnsworth succeeded in sending his firstelectronic image. In the following years, he further improved the system sothat it could successfully broadcast live images. The US government gave him
a patent for this system in １９３０.
However, Farnsworth was not the only one working on such a system. A
giant company, RCA（Radio Corporation of America）, also saw a bright future
for television and did not want to miss the opportunity.

They recruited

Vladimir Zworykin, who had already worked on an electronic television systemand had earned a patent as early as １９２３.

Yet, in １９３１, they offered

Farnsworth a large sum of money to sell them his patent as his system wassuperior to that of Zworykin’s. He refused this offer, which started a patent
war between Farnsworth and RCA.
The company took legal action against Farnsworth, claiming that
Zworykin’s １９２３ patent had priority even though he had never made a working
version of his system. Farnsworth lost the first two rounds of the court case.
However, in the final round, the teacher who had copied Farnsworth’s
blackboard drawings gave evidence that Farnsworth did have the idea of anelectronic television system at least a year before Zworykin’s patent wasissued. In １９３４, a judge approved Farnsworth’s patent claim on the strength ofhandwritten notes made by his old high school teacher, Tolman.
Farnsworth died in １９７１ at the age of ６４.

He held about ３００ US andforeign patents, mostly in radio and television, and in １９９９, TIME magazine
included Farnsworth in Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century.
In an interview after his death, Farnsworth’s wife Pem recalled Neil
Armstrong’s moon landing being broadcast. Watching the television with her,Farnsworth had said, “Pem, this has made it all worthwhile.” His story will
always be tied to his teenage dream of sending moving pictures through the air
and those blackboard drawings at his high school.
― ２３ ―（２１１０―２３）

Your presentation notes:
Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906 1971)―

Early Days

30―

born in a log cabin without electricity
31
32

Sequence of Key Events
33
34
Farnsworth successfully sent his first image.
35
36
RCA took Farnsworth to court.
OutcomeFarnsworth won the patent battle against RCA thanks
to

37

.

Achievements and Recognition

Farnsworth had about 300 patents.

TIME magazine listed him as one of the century’s mostimportant figures.
38― ２４ ―（２１１０―２４）

問 １ Which is the best subtitle for your presentation?

３０!

A Young Inventor Against a Giant Company"

From High School Teacher to Successful Inventor#

Never-Ending Passion for Generating Electricity$

The Future of Electronic Television

問 ２ Choose the best two options for

３１

and

３２

to complete Early

Days. （The order does not matter.）!

bought a generator to provide his family with electricity"

built a log cabin that had electricity with the help of his father#

enjoyed reading books on every subject in school$

fixed and improved household equipment for his family%

got the idea for an electronic television system while working in a field

問 ３ Choose four out of the five events（!〜%）in the order they happened tocomplete Sequence of Key Events.
３３

→

３４

→

３５

→

３６

!

Farnsworth rejected RCA’s offer.

"

Farnsworth shared his idea with his high school teacher.

#

RCA won the first stage of the battle.

$

The US government gave Farnsworth the patent.

%

Zworykin was granted a patent for his television system.

― ２５ ―（２１１０―２５）

問 ４ Choose the best option for３７

to complete Outcome.

!

the acceptance of his rival’s technological inferiority"

the financial assistance provided by Tolman#

the sketches his teacher had kept for many years$

the withdrawal of RCA from the battle

問 ５ Choose the best option for

３８

to complete Achievements andRecognition.

!

He and his wife were given an award for their work with RCA.

"

He appeared on TV when Armstrong’s first moon landing was

broadcast.
#

His invention has enabled us to watch historic events live.

$

Many teenagers have followed their dreams after watching him on TV.

― ２６ ―（２１１０―２６）

第６問 （配点 ２４）
ＡYour study group is learning about “how time of day affects people.” You
have found an article you want to share.

Complete the summary notes foryour next meeting.

When Does the Day Begin for You?

When asked “Are you a morning person?” some reply “No, I’m a nightowl.” Such people can concentrate and create at night. At the other end of theclock, a well-known proverb claims: “The early bird catches the worm,” whichmeans that waking early is the way to get food, win prizes, and reach goals.
The lark is a morning singer, so early birds, the opposite of owls, are larks.
Creatures active during the day are “diurnal” and those emerging at night are“nocturnal.”
Yet another proverb states: “Early to bed, early to rise makes a man
healthy, wealthy, and wise.”Larks may jump out of bed and welcome themorning with a big breakfast, while owls hit the snooze button, getting ready at
the last minute, usually without breakfast. They may have fewer meals, butthey eat late in the day. Not exercising after meals can cause weight gain.
Perhaps larks are healthier. Owls must work or learn on the lark schedule.
Most schooling occurs before ４:００ p.m., so young larks may perform certain
tasks better.

Business deals made early in the day may make some larks

wealthier.
What makes one person a lark and another an owl? One theory suggests
preference for day or night has to do with time of birth. In ２０１０, Cleveland
State University researchers found evidence that not only does a person’sinternal clock start at the moment of birth, but that those born at night might
have lifelong challenges performing during daytime hours. Usually, their world― ２８ ―（２１１０―２８）experience begins with darkness. Since traditional study time and office work
happen in daylight, we assume that day begins in the morning. People asleep
are not first in line, and might miss chances.
Does everyone follow the system of beginning days in the morning? The
Jewish people, an approximately ６，
０００-year-old religious group, believe a day ismeasured from sundown until the following sundown―from eve to eve.
Christians continue this tradition with Christmas Eve. The Chinese use theirsystem of １２ animals not only to mark years, but to separate each two-hour
period of the day. The hour of the rat, the first period, is from １１:００ p.m. to
１:００ a.m. Chinese culture also begins the day at night. In other words, ancientcustoms support how owls view time.
Research indicates owls are smarter and more creative. So, perhaps larks
are not always wiser!

That is to say, larks win “healthy” and sometimes“wealthy,” but they may lose “wise.” In an early report, Richard D. Roberts
and Patrick C. Kyllonen state that owls tend to be more intelligent. A later,comprehensive study by Franzis Preckel, for which Roberts was one of theco-authors, came to the same conclusion.

It is not all good news for owls,

though. Not only can schoolwork be a challenge, but they may miss daytime
career opportunities and are more likely to enjoy the bad habits of “nightlife,”
playing at night while larks sleep.

Nightlife tends to be expensive.

A

University of Barcelona study suggests larks are precise, seek perfection, andfeel little stress. Owls seek new adventures and exciting leisure activities, yetthey often have trouble relaxing.
Can people change?

While the results are not all in, studies of young

adults seem to say no, we are hard-wired.

So, as young people grow andacquire more freedom, they end up returning to their lark or owl nature.
However, concerns arise that this categorization may not fit everyone.

Inaddition to time of birth possibly being an indication, a report published in
Nature Communications suggests that DNA may also affect our habits
concerning time. Other works focus on changes occurring in some people due
to aging or illness. New research in this area appears all the time. A study ofuniversity students in Russia suggests that there are six types, so owls andlarks may not be the only birds around!
― ２９ ―（２１１０―２９）

Your summary notes:
When Does the Day Begin for You?
Vocabulary
Definition of diurnal:

39⇔ opposite: nocturnal
The Main Points
Not all of us fit easily into the common daytime schedule, but
we are forced to follow it, especially when we are children.
Some studies indicate that the most active time for each of us
is part of our nature.
Basically,

40.

Perspectives keep changing with new research.
Interesting Details
The Jewish and Christian religions, as well as Chinese time
division, are referred to in the article in order toSome studies show that41.

may set a person’s internal clock42

and may be the explanation for differences in intelligence and43.

問 １ Choose the best option for!

achieves goals quickly"

likes keeping pet birds#

lively in the daytime$

skillful in finding food３９.

― ３０ ―（２１１０―３０）

問 ２ Choose the best option for

!

４０

.

a more flexible time and performance schedule will be developed in the
future"enjoying social activities in the morning becomes more important as weage#

it might be hard for us to change what time of day we perform best$

living on the owl schedule will eventually lead to social and financial
benefits

問 ３ Choose the best option for

!

４１

.

explain that certain societies have long believed that a day begins at

night
"

indicate that nocturnal people were more religious in the past#

say that people have long thought they miss chances due to morning
laziness$

support the idea that owls must go to work or school on the larkschedule

問 ４ Choose the best options for!

amount of sleep"

appearance#

behavior$

cultural background%religious beliefs&

time of birth

４２― ３１ ―

and４３.

（２１１０―３１）

Ｂ

You are in a student group preparing a poster for a scientific presentation
contest with the theme “What we should know in order to protect theenvironment.” You have been using the following passage to create the poster.

Recycling Plastic―What You Need to Know―
The world is full of various types of plastic. Look around, and you will see
dozens of plastic items. Look closer and you will notice a recycling symbol onthem. In Japan, you might have seen the first symbol in Figure １ below, but
the United States and Europe have a more detailed classification.

These

recycling symbols look like a triangle of chasing pointers, or sometimes a
simple triangle with a number from one to seven inside.

This system wasstarted in １９８８ by the Society of the Plastics Industry in the US, but since ２００８
it has been administered by an international standards organization, ASTM（American Society for Testing and Materials） International.

Recycling

symbols provide important data about the chemical composition of plastic used
and its recyclability. However, a plastic recycling symbol on an object does notalways mean that the item can be recycled. It only shows what type of plastic
it is made from and that it might be recyclable.
Figure 1. Plastic recycling symbols

So, what do these numbers mean? One group（numbers ２, ４, and ５）is
considered to be safe for the human body, while the other group（numbers １,
３, ６, and ７）could be problematic in certain circumstances. Let us look at thesafer group first.
High-density Polyethylene is a recycle-type ２ plastic and is commonly
called HDPE. It is non-toxic and can be used in the human body for heart― ３２ ―（２１１０―３２）

valves and artificial joints. It is strong and can be used at temperatures as low
as ―４０℃ and as high as １００℃. HDPE can be reused without any harm and isalso suitable for beer-bottle cases, milk jugs, chairs, and toys. Type ２ products
can be recycled several times. Type ４ products are made from Low-density
Polyethylene（LDPE）. They are safe to use and are flexible. LDPE is used forsqueezable bottles, and bread wrapping. Currently, very little Type ４ plastic is
recycled. Polypropylene（PP）, a Type ５ material, is the second-most widely
produced plastic in the world.

It is light, non-stretching, and has a highresistance to impact, heat, and freezing.

It is suitable for furniture, foodcontainers, and polymer banknotes such as the Australian dollar. Only ３％ ofType ５ is recycled.
Now let us look at the second group, Types １, ３, ６, and ７. These are morechallenging because of the chemicals they contain or the difficulty in recycling
them.

Recycle-type １ plastic is commonly known as PETE （Polyethylene

Terephthalate）, and is used mainly in food and beverage containers.

PETE

containers ― or PET as it is often written in Japan ― should only be used onceas they are difficult to clean thoroughly.

Also, they should not be heated

above ７０℃ as this can cause some containers to soften and change shape.
Uncontaminated PETE is easy to recycle and can be made into new containers,
clothes, or carpets, but if PETE is contaminated with Polyvinyl Chloride（PVC）,
it can make it unrecyclable. PVC, Type ３, is thought to be one of the least
recyclable plastics known. It should only be disposed of by professionals andnever set fire to at home or in the garden. Type ３ plastic is found in shower
curtains, pipes, and flooring. Type ６, Polystyrene（PS）or Styrofoam as it isoften called, is hard to recycle and catches fire easily. However, it is cheap to
produce and lightweight. It is used for disposable drinking cups, instant noodle
containers, and other food packaging. Type ７ plastics（acrylics, nylons, andpolycarbonates）are difficult to recycle. Type ７ plastics are often used in the
manufacture of vehicle parts such as seats, dashboards, and bumpers.
Currently, only about ２０％ of plastic is recycled, and approximately ５５％ends up in a landfill.

Therefore, knowledge about different types of plastic

could help reduce waste and contribute to an increased awareness of theenvironment.
― ３３ ―（２１１０―３３）

Your presentation poster draft:

Do you know the plastic recycling symbols?
What are plastic recycling symbols?
４４Types of plastic and recycling information
Type

SymbolDescription

Products

1This type of plastic iscommon and generallyeasy to recycle.

drink bottles, foodcontainers, etc.

2This type of plastic is45
easily recycled

heart valves, artificial joints,
chairs, toys, etc.

3This type of plastic is
46 .

.

shower curtains, pipes,
flooring, etc.

4
Plastics with common properties４７
４８― ３４ ―（２１１０―３４）

問 １ Under the first poster heading, your group wants to introduce the plastic
recycling symbols as explained in the passage. Which of the following is themost appropriate?

!

４４

They are symbols that rank the recyclability of plastics and otherrelated problems.

"

They provide information on the chemical make-up and recycling optionsof the plastic.
#

They tell the user which standards organization gave them certificatesfor general use.

$

They were introduced by ASTM and developed by the Society of the
Plastics Industry.

問 ２ You have been asked to write descriptions of Type ２ and Type ３ plastics.
Choose the best options forType ２

４５

and

４６

４５

!

and commonly known as a single-use plastic"

and used at a wide range of temperatures#

but harmful to humans$

but unsuitable for drink containers

Type ３.

４６!

difficult to recycle and should not be burned in the yard"

flammable; however, it is soft and cheap to produce#

known to be a non-toxic product$well known for being easily recyclable― ３５ ―（２１１０―３５）

問 ３ You are making statements about some plastics which share common
properties.

According to the article, which two of the following areappropriate?（The order does not matter.）

!

４７

・

４８

Boiling water （１００℃） can be served in Type １ and Type ６ plastic

containers.
"

It is easy to recycle products with Type １, ２, and ３ logos.

#

Products with the symbols １, ２, ４, ５, and ６ are suitable for food or drink
containers.

$

Products with Type ５ and Type ６ markings are light in weight.

%

Type ４ and ５ plastics are heat resistant and are widely recycled.

&

Type ６ and ７ plastics are easy to recycle and environmentally friendly.

― ３６ ―（２１１０―３６）