特別講演会 ／ Special Lectures

AI 時代の社会科学：挑戦と論争
Social Science Since AI: Challenges and Controversies

日時：2021 年 11 月 15 日（月）16 時 30 分～18 時 30 分
Date and Time: November 15, 2021 (mon.) 16.30-18.30 (JST)

会場：オンライン開催／Venue: Online
使用言語：英語（日本語通訳はありません）

Language: English
参加費無料・どなたでもご参加いただけますFree of Charge / Everyone is welcome to attend

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主催・共催／Co-Host Organizations:慶應義塾大学大学院社会学研究科「未来社会のグランドデザインを描く博士人材の育成」コアプログラム
JST Doctoral Program Student Support Project “Nurturing of doctoral students who will map the granddesigns for future society”, Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University
南オーストラリア大学 CCAMEUJean Monnet Network on Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility: EU and AustralasianInnovations (CCAMEU), University of South Australia講演者１：アンソニー・エリオット氏（南オーストラリア大学）
PRESENTATION 1: PROFESSOR ANTHONY ELLIOTT「AI 批判：その条件と帰結」“Critique of AI: Conditions and Consequences”
講演要旨／Abstract：
In this lecture, Cambridge-trained sociologist Anthony Elliott argues that much of what passes forconventional wisdom about the AI Revolution is either ill-considered or plain wrong. The reason?
AI is not so much about the future, but is rather a revolution already well underway – albeit one
which is unfolding in complex and uneven ways across the globe. From industrial robots tochatbots, and from driverless cars to military drones – AI, Elliott argues, is transforming all aspectsof our lives, from the most intimate aspects of personal relationships to the changing nature ofwork, employment and unemployment.
The lecture explores how automated intelligent machines, predictive algorithms, advanced robotics
and big data are impacting everyday life and modern societies. In the first half of the lecture, Elliottaddresses some of the complex systems that automate our lives in the algorithmic era.
The
discussion focuses on five core institutional transformations associated with AI: (1) the increasing
scale of AI; (2) automaticity; (3) the growing diffusion of AI technologies in institutional andeveryday life; (4) the trend towards complexity; and (5) the penetration of AI systems into lifestylechange.
The second half of the lecture investigates the future of AI. Elliott draws from social theory tosketch a broad-ranging view of several possible futures and not just a narrow blueprint of how
technology might shape our AI-enabled world. He discusses the following scenarios: (1) The
Future Now: COVID-19 and Global AI; (2) Networked Artificial Life; (3) 2045: The
Technological Singularity; and (4) AI Climate Futures.

参考文献／Relevant book：
Making Sense of AI: Our Algorithmic World
https://politybooks.com/bookdetail/?isbn=9781509548897

講演者略歴／Bio：
ANTHONY ELLIOTT is Dean of External Engagement at the University of South Australia, where
he is Research Professor of Sociology and Executive Director of the Jean Monnet Centre ofExcellence and Network. He is Super-Global Guest Professor in the Graduate School of Human

Relations at Keio University, Japan and Visiting Professor of Sociology at UCD, Ireland. He is aFellow of the Academy of Social Sciences UK and Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciencesin Australia. In 2018, he was appointed to the Expert Working Group of the Academy of theCouncil of Learned Academies to report on the ethical development of AI in Australia. The report
was commissioned by the Chief Scientist of Australia, Dr Alan Finkel, at the request of the Prime
Minister’s Commonwealth Science Council, and with support from the Australian ResearchCouncil (ARC), the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, and the Department of Industry,Innovation and Science. Prof Elliott is the author and editor of over 40 books in social theory,
including most recently The Culture of AI (2019, Routledge) and Making Sense of AI: Our
Algorithmic World (2021, Polity). He is editor of The Routledge Social Science Handbook of AI(2021, Routledge). His forthcoming book Algorithmic Intimacy will be published by Polity in2022.

講演者２：ヘルガ・ノヴォトニー氏（チューリッヒ工科大学）
PRESENTATION 2: PROFESSOR HELGA NOWOTNY「AI を信じて：予測アルゴリズムの力・幻想・統制」“In AI We Trust: Power, illusion and control of predictivealgorithms”
講演要旨／Abstract：
One of the most persistent concerns about the future is whether it will be dominated by thepredictive algorithms of AI – and, if so, what this will mean for our behaviour, for our institutions
and what it means to be human. AI changes our experience of time and the future and challenges
our identities, yet we are blinded by its efficiency and fail to understand how it affects us.
At the heart of our trust in AI lies a paradox: we leverage AI to increase our control over the future
and uncertainty, while at the same time the performativity of AI, the power it has to make us act inthe ways it predicts, reduces our agency over the future. This happens when we forget that wehumans have created the digital technologies to which we attribute agency. These developments
also change the narrative of progress, which played such a central role in modernity and is basedon the hubris of total control. We are now moving into an era where this control is limited as AI
monitors our actions and even our emotions, posing the threat of surveillance, but also offering theopportunity to reappropriate control and, perhaps, transform it into care.
As we try to adjust to a digital mirro-world in which algorithms, robots and vast digital
infrastructures play an ever-increasing role, we need to understand better the limitations of AI andhow their predictions affect our agency, while at the same time having the courage to embrace theuncertainty of the future. It is all too easy to fall into the trap between the visions of enthusiastic
techno-nerds and the dystopian views of those who fear humans will be controlled by the machines
they created. Humanity has embarked on an open-ended anddynamical, co-evolutionary process that intertwines humans with digital machines. This coincides
with the urgency of the present in which humanity faces an unprecedented sustainability crisis. Fora long time to come, if ever, we have only this planet as our habitat and the environmental nichethat humanity has carved out for itself is becoming increasingly precarious. Digitalization will
therefore not only change what it means to be human, but also our relationship with theenvironmental-digital niche we inhabit.

参考文献／Relevant book：
In AI We Trust: Power, Illusion and Control of Predictive Algorithms
https://politybooks.com/bookdetail/?isbn=9781509548811

講演者略歴／Bio：Helga Nowotny is Professor emerita of Science and Technology Studies, ETH Zurich, and afounding member of the European Research Council. In 2007 she was elected ERC Vice President
and from March 2010 until December 2013 President of the ERC. Currently she is member of theAustrian Council and Vice-President of the Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings. Sheis Nanyang Technological University Singapore Visiting Professor. From 2014-2019 she wasChair of the ERA Council Forum Austria.
Professor Nowotny holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from Columbia University, NY. and a doctorate injurisprudence from the University of Vienna. She has held teaching and research positions at theInstitute for Advanced Study, Vienna; Kings College, Cambridge; University of Bielefeld;
Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin; Ecole des Hautes Etudes an Sciences Sociales, Paris; ScienceCenter for Social Sciences, Berlin; Collegium Budapest; Budapest.
Before joining ETH Zurich, Professor Nowotny was Professor for Science and Technology Studies
at the University of Vienna. Among other, Helga Nowotny is Foreign Member of the Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences and continues to serve on many international advisory boards inAustria and throughout Europe. Just to mention a few: she is Member of the Steering Board of theFalling Walls Foundation, Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Complexity Science HubVienna, Chair of Advisory Board of The Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity Paris, Memberof the Scientific Advisory Board of the Institut d etudes avancees de Paris and Member of theStrategic Research Advisory Board of the Austrian Institute of Technology. Helga Nowotny has
published widely in Science and Technology Studies, STS, and on social time. Throughout her
professional career Helga Nowotny has been engaged in science and innovation policy matters andcontinues to serve as advisor at national and EU level. From 2001 till 2005 she was Chair of theEuropean Research Advisory Board, EURAB, advising the European Commission.