Double readout sandwich
calorimeter for high energy particles
Tohru Takeshita (Shinshu)
JPS @Tohoku U, Sep2023
Shinshu U• Homogeneous calorimeter simulation

T. Takeshita et al 2020 JINST 15 C05015

一様均質• Double Readout GLASS Sandwich Cal.
radiation tolerance and cost e ective
T.Takeshita & R. Terada, arXiv 2306.16325

T.Takeshita

glass -sci. Lead glass

ff

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita1

fiEjet : H->bb

Higgs Factory Cal.

energy of b-quarks
for ZH>ννbb-•Ebjet~50-100GeV dominates at HiggsEcms=250

Factory

Ecms=500
Ecms=1000•Energy Resolution of Jets (JER) isdegraded due to intrinsic HCAL
resolution•PFA does work well at higher energies• ne segmented calorimeter•to improve JER in 50-100 GeV region~Eparticle<~10GeV••Double readout sandwich Cal.
Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

Ebjet(GeV)JER

PFA-calintrinsic
reso.

AHCAL
W/Z/H separation

stHCAL+AHCAL1x1
AHCAL1x12

Intercept

start from

Homogeneous CAL
two parameters are to be measured
sum of Track Length (TL) ~ Cherenkovlightssum of Energy Deposit (ED)~ Scintillation
lightscorrelation : linear behavior
intercept → linearity without passing the origin
independent of energy
slope → constantcommon for e/pi/K/p/n

EDE(pion)

simulation
lead glass + pions +electrons

10GeVe5GeV

3GeV

TL

photon statistics is not taken into accountsimulation with GEANT4.11.0 with FTFP̲BERT(2mx2mx2m)Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

T. Takeshita et al 2020 JINST 15 C05015

3homo-calenergy resolution
good correlation between
ED and TL⚫ Energy measured by theintercept⚫ energy resolution isexpressed by intercept
width : projected to ttedline⚫
ne energy resolution isachieved : 2.1% (8.9% fortrad. cal)@10GeV

From the correlation plot to theenergy resolution (homo-cal) simulation⚫

ED(MeV)

projection

10GeV pion

2%dEdx only
9%traditional cal
9%TL(mm)problem Homogeneous cal. : Large scintillator block: cost, uniformity ..,fifi

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita4a new idea : Double readout
Sandwich Calorimeter of glass
separate Cherenkov radiator and Scintillation material with sandwich stylewith highly granular option for PFA
DSC
1cm
3cmx3cm

DoublereadoutSandwichCalorimeter

active absorberglass -sci.

Lead glass

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

5simulated

performance of DSC(2mx2mx2m cal)
5GeVED

ED vs TL relation holds for(GeV)

e+5GeV

sandwich calorimeterfor both eʼs and pions
LG10mm+GSci.10mm 100layers(m)
TL (mm)20GeV
ED

π+20GeV(GeV)

ED

e+20GeV(GeV)

TL (m)
Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.TakeshitaED

π+5GeV(GeV)TL (m)TL (m)

6

simulated

performance of DSC(2mx2mx2m cal)
5GeVED

ED vs TL relation holds for(GeV)

e+5GeV

sandwich calorimeterfor both eʼs and pions
LG10mm+GSci.10mm 100layers(m)
TL (mm)20GeV
ED

π+20GeV(GeV)

ED

e+20GeV(GeV)

TL (m)
Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.TakeshitaED

π+5GeV(GeV)

TL (m)TL (m)

6

simulated

Energy resolution of DSC~9%/ E(GeV) with DSC forDRSC

LG+GScelectrons & hadrons▼■■dEdx cal: trad~30%/√EDSC
GSc-Homo-cal

close to homo-cal
much better than dEdx
(traditional) calorimeter

traditional dE/dx cal

30%/ E9%/ E

homogeneousDSC• study: photon statistics and prototype
Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

7

Cherenkov light detection
for test calorimeter

Lead glass :t
2
1cm x10x10cm

muon

di usion

frosted 10x10 surface
polished at 1x10 side

trigger
1cm

Lead glass
trigger MPPCMPPC re ector

2
by a 6x6 mm MPPC

6p.e.
ped.

grease coupled results~6p.e.
…

for test calorimeter
flff

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

ADC8Cherenkov light detection cont.
PFA cal.
⚫

trigger

LG: 2cmt x3x3cm2MPPC2cm

all polished &1 non-pol.
grease coupled MPPCs
UV and normal MPPC
6mmx6mm⚫ UV light does not transmit in LG
⚫

ff

fl

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

LGPhotoDetLGρ=5.4Al foil

triggerpolishing e ect

trigger (3cmx3cm)
with cosmic muonsre ector

3cmx3cm(lead glass)normalUVGlass(p.e.)

all polish1212881unpolish(p.e.)9Effect of frosting / polishedpolishedLY and timing with 3x3x2cm3 LG
6mmx6mm Normal MPPC greased readout
frosted surface : diffuse with changing the angle⭐fully frosted surfaces have the biggest Light Correction

3cm2cmtiming resolution ~100ps
3x3:3x22cmt

LY(p.e.)

(0:0)

(1:0)

(2:0)

(2:2)

(2,3)

(0:4)

(1:4)

top RO

11.5

7.7

X

XX

12.5

12.8

side RO

13.2

10.5

8.4

11.0

15.3

X

X

dT(ps): topROdT(ps): sideRO

115

128

X

XX

94

111

120

109

118

136

112

X

Xfrostedsummary and outlook⚫

Double readout glass sandwich calorimeter⚫

a relation between sum of Track Length(Cherenkov) and Energy Deposit (scintillation)
leads⚫

actual implementation is proposed as DSC

with⚫

ne energy resolution from sim.
ne energy resolution

ED (MeV)

π+10GeVR&D for DSC is on going⚫

production of scintillating glass

by Koshimizu lab…
TL (mm)fifi

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita11homo-calIntercept & Slope

Intercept

pi+pi+pi+

work as a calorimetergood linearity on intercept
slopes are fairly constantcommon for particles
Ein(GeV)
ED(GeV)slopeTL (m)Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

pi+Epi+(GeV)
12

Cherenkov light
Track Length ~ Cherenkov lights
Cherenkov is low light and 1/λ2 (UV)
need heavy and UV transparent material
will be absorbed and converted to scintillation light
di cult to separate lights
timing or signal shape mixing

emis.

relative ratetrans.

Cher.

wave length (nm)ffi

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

13electrons on DSC
electron energy resolution~ 4.8%/ (E) ~ Lead Glass ECAL of OPAL
EDe+5GeV(GeV)

π+e+TL(m)

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita14

e ect of punch though pions(~muon)tting deteriorated
leads slop parameter

DE(MeV)

pion 100GeV

bending
π+TL(m)Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshitafffi

homogeneous cal.

15

reason of intercept
when particles stop in a shower
Bragg peak will be detected by scintillator
no peak for Cherenkov
TLdE/dx• intercept corresponds tonumber of stopping particles

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

16Different detector material
Liquid Argon, & CsI are simulated
ED vs TL
Intercept

ED vs TL for liquid Argon
pi+5GeV

ED(MeV)e5GeV

pi+3GeV
e3GeV

pi+1GeV
e1GeV

TL(mm)

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita17

TL vs Cherenkov light• nice correlation : we can use track length
instead of number of Cherenkov light which
consume CPU power for simulation
TL

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

18

DSC
LG 4mm + Plastic Scintillator 8mmsandwich calorimeterNO correlationneed heavier scintillator

Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

19wave length features
Transmittance

Cherenkov detection in
Lead Glass and UVtransparent radiator
JGS1
VUV-MPPCGlass
Lead Glassn~2
ρ~6

UV grade Fused Silica is synthetic
amorphous silicon dioxide ofextremely high purity

λ(nm)

PDE
PDE

wavelength(nm)Double readout Sandwich CAL @ JPS2023: T.Takeshita

visible light

JGS1

n=1.4
ρ~2.220• すりガラス（表面ザラザラ）• frosted glass by etc hall : フッ化水素アンモニウム…20％
不活性成分…80％（腐食）＞ザラザラは圴一• サンドブラスト法 （砂吹き法）マスキング