Linkages between the JCM and SDGs

Akibi Tsukui
Researcher, Climate and Energy area, IGES
Temuulen Murun, Researcher, Climate and Energy area, IGES

Outline• Climate change and SDGs: JCM context• Key findings from IGES report “JCM contributions to SDGs”
1. Contributions to multiple goals and targets
2. Implementing projects in different sectors
3. Expanding JCM’s contributions to the SDGs
• Impacts and responses of COVID-19: JCM potentials

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JCM introduction• Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM):
Diffusion of leading low carbon technologies, products,systems, services, and infrastructure as well as
implementation of mitigation actions, and contributes
to sustainable development of developing countries.

• Current status (as of Sep 2020):
17 partner countries and 178 projects
By 2030, the expected GHG emission reduction is approx. 13.7 million ton• Introduced technologies:
Renewable energy power generation technologies (e.g. solar, hydro, biomass)
Energy efficiency technologies (e.g. air-conditioning system, gas co-generation, transmission system)
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Climate change and SDGs: JCM context
Clean energy (Goal 7), Sustainableindustry (Goal 9), Sustainable1consumption (Goal 12), etc.

Agenda 2030, the universal
blueprint for the sustainable society

GHG emission reduction,
Transition to low andde-carbonization society

The JCM supports
the ambitious
global frameworks

To support theSDGs achievement

Holding the increase in the global
avg. temperature to below 2°C
above pre-industrial levels
If the global warming werelimited to 1.5°C, SDGs2can beeasily achieved

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“JCM contributions to SDGs” report
The first report analyzed interlinkages of JCM and SDGs³•

Analyzed the JCM’s contributions to 17 Goals and 169 Targets•

Developed JCM-specific indicators (quantitative and qualitative)•Evaluated 57 registered JCM projects (15 RE projects, 42 EEprojects) and JCM scheme itself•

Referred to "Business reporting: An analysis of Goals and Targets”
report UN Global compact network and Global Reporting Initiative
https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/An_Analysis_of_the_Goals_and_Targets_jp.pdf

https://www.iges.or.jp/en/pub/joint-crediting-mechanismjcm-contributions-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs/en

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1. Contributions to multiple goals and targets•

JCM contributes to not only energy, environmental and economic goals of the SDGs but also social
dimension of the SDGs
EnergyEnvironment

EconomicSocial(Source: “JCM contributions to SDGs” report)

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2. Implementing projects in different sectors
Common SDGs that JCM contributes to:
4.4 Technicaltraining
7.a International cooperation
to increase clean energy
9.4 Sustainable industry
12.4 Responsible consumption andmanagement of natural resource

JCM contributions based on project types:
Introducing Waste Paper Processing System
into a Packaging Paper Factory
7.3 Reducing energy consumption
12.2 Recycling resources
12.5 Recycling waste
Introducing high efficiency air-jet loom in atextile factory

13.3 Improve employees’
awareness of climate change

7.3 Reducing energy consumption

17.3 Mobilizing private
capital to support SDGs

8.2 Industry innovation indeveloping countries(Source: “JCM contributions to SDGs” report)

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3. Expanding JCM contributions to the SDGs
Common SDGs that JCM contributes to:
4.4 Technicaltraining
7.a International cooperation
to increase clean energy
9.4 Sustainable industry
12.4 Responsible consumption andmanagement of natural resource
13.3 Improve employees’
awareness of climate change
17.3 Mobilizing private
capital to support SDGs

Potential JCM projects:

1. Renewable energy in irrigation system

To contribute sustainable agriculture andincrease efficient water management
2. Waste water treatment

To enhance public health andsanitation; and support sustainablecities
3. Solid and plastic waste treatment

To enhance recycling waste andcontribute to reduction of ocean plastics(Source: “JCM contributions to SDGs” report)

8Impacts of COVID-19
Health:As of the 21th of Sep 2020, there were 30 million confirmed cases and over 950 thousand deaths due to the COVID-19,
affecting more than 200 countries, areas and territories (WHO⁴)

Economic:

WB⁵ forecasts the global economy will shrink by 5.2% in 2020, around 155 million full-time jobs were lost in the 1stquarter of 2020, due to the second wave of the pandemic, estimated 340 million jobs may have been lost during the2nd quarter of 2020 (ILO⁶)
Emerging market and developing economies: pressure on weak health care systems, loss of trade and tourism, andtight financial conditions and mounting international debt.
Estimated at 1.3 billion people (two-thirds of the workforce) in Asia and the Pacific - expected to be the hardest hit by
the economic shock of COVID-19. Loss in working hours in the 2nd quarter of 2020, around 125 million full-time workers
in the region (UNDP Asia Pacific⁷)

Lifestyle:

Lockdowns include partial or complete lockdowns, daytime curfews, closure of educational institutions and nonessential businesses, and bans on public gatherings.
About 4.2 billion people (54% of the global population), representing almost 60% of global GDP, were subject tocomplete or partial lockdowns as of the 28th of Apr 2020 (IEA⁸)9COVID-19 impacts on the SDGs
Population living in slums
face higher risk of exposure
to COVID-19 due to highpopulation density and poor
sanitation conditions

Reduced commitment to climate
action; but less environmental
footprints due to less production
and transportation

Conflicts prevent effective
measures for fighting COVID19; those in conflict areas aremost at risk of suffering
devastating loss from COVID19

Loss of income, leadingvulnerable segments of society
and families to fall below
poverty line

Food production anddistribution could be disrupted

Economic activities
suspended; lower
income, less work time,
unemployment for
certain occupations

Supply and personnel
shortages are leading to
disrupted access toelectricity, further weaking
health system response
and capacity

Aggravate backlash against
globalization; but also
highlight the importance ofinternational cooperation on
public healthSupply disruptions andinadequate access toclean water hinderaccess to clean
handwashing facilities,
one of the mostimportant COVID-19
prevention measures

Devastating effecton healthoutcomes
Women’s economic gains at
risk and increased levels ofviolence against women.
Women account for majority ofhealth and social care workers
who are more exposed toCOVID-19.

School for many closed;
remote learning lesseffective and notaccessible for some

(Source: UNDESA¹³)

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Responses to COVID-19: Green and Sustainable recovery plan
UNFCCC June Momentum⁹: Ms. Patricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary
Recovery from COVID-19 should address climate change
Establish more inclusive and sustainable path for all; and make societies and people more resilient
UN Framework¹⁰:
Health first: Protecting health services and systems, Protecting people: Social protection and basic services, Economic
responses and recovery: protecting jobs, small and medium sized enterprises, Macroeconomic response and multilateralcollaboration, Social cohesion and community resilience
EU Green Deal¹¹ (Dec 2019):
A roadmap for making the EU's economy sustainable by turning climate and environmental challenges into opportunities
across all policy areas and making the transition just and inclusive for all.
Sectors: specifically transport, energy, agriculture, buildings, and industries (steel, cement, information, textiles, chemicals)
To boost the efficient use of resources by moving to a clean, circular economy; and To restore biodiversity and cut pollution
MOEJ Responses and Measures¹²:
Recovering economic activities by supporting to install energy efficient ventilating equipment to reduce risks; and securing
employment in national parks and tourist areas
Building resilient economy by improving supply chain and production sites to transit decarbonisation

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JCM potentials during the COVID-19
Recoveryplan:• Inclusive, Sustainable, Resilient society• Protecting human and health services• Multilateral collaboration, Solidarity• Resource efficiency, clean energy, circular
economy, biodiversity (Green Deal)• De-carbonization• Securing employment

JCMprojects:12Summary• Climate change and SDGs: JCM context
Supporting both international frameworks’ ambitious targets• Key findings from IGES report “JCM contributions to SDGs”
Contributions to multiple goals and targets through JCM projects
Implementing JCM projects in different sectors would increase chances to achieve SDGs
Future potentials to expand JCM’s contributions to the SDGs
• Impacts and responses of the COVID-19: JCM potential
Impacts: Health, Economy and Social life
Responses and recovery plans should be Green, Sustainable, Resilient: Agenda 2030
By implementing JCM projects in essential sectors which the country needs can support
the achievement of SDGs and recovery from COVID-1913

“JCM and SDGs Linkage Guidance”• “JCM contributions to SDGs” series Volume 2• A tool for identifying the JCM project contributions to the SDGs
• Included analysis of 17 Goals and 169 Targets (additional goalsand targets)• Linkages between the JCM project types and SDGs
• The JCM partner countries can use this guidance as a referencefor analysing their projects

https://www.iges.or.jp/en/pub/jcm-and-sdgs-linkageguidance/en

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Reference list
1. IPCC 1.5 Summary for policymakers, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_SPM_version_report_LR.pdf
2. Climate change and SDGs synergies,
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/22398Summary_document_Copenhagen_FINAL_for_website.pdf
3. JCM contributions to SDGs report, https://www.iges.or.jp/en/pub/joint-crediting-mechanism-jcm-contributions-sustainable-developmentgoals-sdgs/en
4. WHO, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard, https://covid19.who.int/
5. WB Global economic prospers, https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/global-economic-prospects
6. ILO, Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. Fifth edition
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_749399.pdf
7. UNDP The Social and Economic Impact of Covid-19 in the Asia-Pacific Region,
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/crisis-prevention-and-recovery/the-social-and-economic-impact-of-covid-19-inasia-pacific.html
8. IEA, Global Energy Review 2020 The impacts of the Covid-19 crisis on global energy demand and CO2 emissions,
https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020
9. UNFCCC June Momentum, https://unfccc.int/event/where-do-we-stand-with-ndcs-enhancing-action-on-climate-change-in-2020
10. A UN framework for the immediate socio-economic response to COVID-19, https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/UNframework-for-the-immediate-socio-economic-response-to-COVID-19.pdf
11. EU Green Deal, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1596443911913&uri=CELEX:52019DC0640#document2
12. MOEJ COVID-19 Responses and Measures, https://www.env.go.jp/guide/budget/r02/r0204-hos-gaiyo/full.pdf
13. UNDESA Responding to the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19report, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sg_report_socioeconomic_impact_of_covid19.pdf

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Thank you for your attention

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
Akibi Tsukui
tsukui@iges.or.jp
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