Light Sources in 2010
The monthly statistics of the operation time and theintegrated beam current are shown in Fig. 1. The
operation time per month did not increase comparedwith last year, but the integrated beam current did.
This is because of the start of the full top-up
operation, as described later.
The weekly operation schedule is as follows. On
Monday, from 9 am to 9 pm, the machine is operated
for machine studies. On Tuesday and Wednesday,from 9 am to 9 pm, the machine is operated for users.
From Thursday 9 am to Friday 9 pm, the machine isoperated for 36 hours continuously for users. Thus,
the user beam time is 60 hours per week. This year,
we have started operating the machine in the top-up
mode 100% of the user time. The beam current is
kept at 300 mA in the multi-bunch mode and 50 mA
in the single-bunch mode.
This fiscal year, we had a few troubles regarding
the pulse magnet power supplies for beam injection,
which may be due to the increase in the operation
time of the beam injection system caused by the startof the top-up operation. We had a few troubles withthe klystron pulse modulator for the linear accelerator.
One switching circuit had difficulties three times in ayear. Thus, we are going to improve the circuit in2011. Fortunately, in all cases, the beam time forusers could be secured by extending the operationtime.

1. Status of UVSOR Accelerators
In the fiscal year 2010, we operated the UVSOR-II
accelerators from June ‘10 to March ’11. We had atotal of 36 weeks of user operation, 34 weeks ofwhich were in the multi-bunch mode, 1 week in the
single-bunch mode, and 1 week in the
single-bunch/multi-bunch hybrid mode, which was
newly started this year. In the hybrid mode, webasically operate the machine in single-bunch mode
during the daytime and multi-bunch mode in thenighttime. We had no week dedicated for machinestudies this year, otherwise it was typically a few
weeks a year. Because we had a long shutdown
period in spring ’10, we gave up the study weeks thisyear to secure beam time for users as in a usual year.
We had a three-month shutdown, starting inMarch ’10, for reconstruction work on the storage
ring and the beam transport line. We had a one-week
shutdown in September and a two-week one around
New Years Day.

2. Improvements
Top-up Operation
We introduced the top-up operation for 100% of
the users beam time this year in both the multi-bunchmode and the single-bunch mode. Because the orbit
movement during the injection is large, we deliver
timing signals to the beam lines to stop the dataacquisition during the injection if necessary.

Fig. 1. Monthly statistics in FY2009 (upper) andFY2010 (lower) of the operation time (red bars) andof the integrated beam current (blue dashed bars).

Fig. 2. Typical beam current history in users timefrom Tuesday to Friday.

9

Reconstruction of Beam Transport LineIn March 2010, we started the reconstruction of thebeam transport line and the storage ring, aiming to
produce a 4 m straight section in the ring for a new
undulator. We moved the injection point to a shortstraight section from the 4 m straight section
previously used for the injection. The main RF cavity
that was installed in the short straight section was
moved to another short straight section. The injection
septum magnet and the kicker magnets were moved.
The beam transport line was extended to the new
injection point. All reconstruction works werecompleted in three months, as shown in Fig. 3. In
May, the new beam transport line was successfullycommissioned with the same injection efficiency as
before.

3. Research and Development
Coherent Terahertz Synchrotron Radiation
We have been developing technologies to produce
coherent synchrotron radiation in the terahertz range
by using laser slicing/modulation technologies. By
using an external laser source, we can produce
various kinds of microdensity structures on theelectron bunches. They emit coherent synchrotron
radiation in the terahertz range.
This year, we investigated the laser power
dependence of the terahertz radiation. We found thatthe terahertz intensity is proportional to the square of
the laser power in the relatively low power range [2].
Coherent Harmonic Generation
Coherent harmonic generation (CHG) is underinvestigation, aiming to develop a coherent VUVlight source and to investigate the basic mechanism of
the laser seeding in free electron lasers.
We have succeeded in observing the CHG up to theninth harmonics in the wide range of the pulse energyof the seed laser. We observed that the CHG power
was saturated in the high energy range and oscillateswith the laser energy. This was explained by amicro-bunching process in the over-bunching regime[3].
Laser Compton Scattering Gamma-rays
The generation of gamma-rays based on the laser
Compton scattering technique has been investigated.
This technique is well established and isdemonstrated in many accelerator facilities. Usually,
the laser and the electron beam collide in a head-on
configuration. In contrast, we injected the laser beam
into the electron beam in the vertical direction to theirorbital plane. With this 90-degree configuration, we
have succeeded in producing ultra-short gamma-ray
pulses. In addition, we have succeeded in changing
the gamma-ray energy continuously by changing thecolliding angle around 90 degrees [4].

Fig. 3. Beam transport line and injection point of the
UVSOR-II storage ring before (left) and after (right)
the reconstruction.
Accelerator Technologies
Four undulators are operational at UVSOR-II.
They produce various effects on the accelerator
performance. One of the undulators, the APPLE-II
type one for BL7U, has a significant effect on the
beam life time and the injection efficiency. To
suppress these effects, we have tested a novel
correction method using current wires on the beam
duct. By optimizing the electric current on the wires,
we could recover the beam lifetime successfully [1].
This method will be introduced to the users beamtime soon in the next fiscal year.

[1] Y. Kikuchi et al., in this report[2] M. Hosaka et al, in this report[3] T. Tanikawa et al., in this report[4] Y. Taira et al., in this report

Masahiro KATOH (UVSOR Facility)

10

UVSOR Accelerator Complex
Injection Linear Accelerator

Booster Synchrotron

DC GunElectron Source
EIMAC Y-646B
Applied Voltage
75 kV
Accelerator Tube
2.5 m
LengthFrequency
2856 MHz
Structure
2S/3 Traveling Wave
Repetition Rate
2.6 HzBeam Energy~15 MeVElectron Beam Macro-pulse Duration
Short Pulse Mode
~5 ns
Long Pulse Mode
~1.5 Ps
Beam Charge
Short Pulse Mode
0.8 nC/Macro-pulse
Long Pulse Mode
130 nC/Macro-pulse

EnergyInjection Energy
nergy
rent
Beam Current
ence
Circumferencency
RF Frequency
Harmonic Number
Bending Radius
adius
Lattice
une
Betatron Tune
ntal
Horizontal
Veritcalm Compaction
Momentum
Repetition Rate

15 MeV
Linearr
Accelerator
7750
50 MeV
Booster
Synchrotronr

O

750 MeV
15 MeVA (uniform filling)
32 mA
26.6 m90.1 MHz8
1.8 m
FODO×8
2.25
1.25
0.138
1 Hz (750 MeV)

Beam Transport



UVSOR-II Storage Ring
750 MeV
Energy750 MeV
Injection Energy
Maximum Stored Current 500 mA (multi bunch)
100 mA (single bunch)Normal Stored Current 300 mA (multi bunch)
50 mA (single bunch)(Top-up operation)
27.4 nm-rad
Natural Emittance53.2 mCircumference
90.1 MHzRF Frequency
16
Harmonic Number
2.2 m
Bending Radius
Extended DBA×4
Lattice(4 m×4)+(1.5 m×4)
Straight Section
100 kVRF Voltage
Betatron Tune
3.75
Horizontal
Veritcal
3.20
Momentum Compaction 0.028
Natural Chromaticity-8.1
Horizontal-7.3
Vertical
4.2×10-4
Energy Spread
Natural Bunch Length
108 ps

BL5U

BL5B

BL6U

BL4B

BL6B

BL7U

U7

FEL
OpticalCavityU6

3rd Harmonic Cavity

BL7B

Main Cavity
U5

750 MeVElectron
Storage Ring

FEL
OpticalCavity

U3

BL3U

BL8B
BL2B

BL1B
BL1A

Electron Beam Optics of UVSOR-II Storage Ring
H = 27.4 nm-rad
Ex

Ey

10Kx

15

1.0

Horizontal / verticalbetatron functions
and dispersion function

Vx, y [mm], V'x, y [mrad]

Ex, y [m], 10Kx [m]

20

10
5
0
0

10

20

30

40

H = 27.4 nm-rad, 10% Coupling

0.8

Position [m]

0.4
0.2
10

20

30

40

Position [m]

11

Vy
V'y

0.6

0.0
0

50

Vx
V'x

50

Horizontal / verticalelectron beam sizes
and beam divergences

Insertion Devices
Brilliance of Radiation
Brilliance of radiationfrom the insertion devices(U3, U5, U6 and U7)
and a beding magnet
of UVSOR-IIUVSOR-II
27 nm-rad, 500 mA, 3% Coupling

1018

U7(Planar)
1st

U7(Herical)

U3

2nd

3rd

2

Brilliance(Photons/sec/mrad2/mm /0.1%b.w.)

1020

1st

1016

2nd

1st

U5(Herical)
10

3rd

1st

U5(Planar)

14

Bending Magnet
2nd

10

12

2nd
3rd

1010
1

10

100

U6
3rd

1000

Photon Energy (eV)U3
3 In-vacuum
IIn-vaacuum
cu m U
Undulator
ndululaatorr

U6
6 In-vacuum
IIn-vaacuuum
mU
Undulator
ndululaatorr

Num
Numbermbe
ber
er of Pe
Periods
eriodsPereriiodio LengLe
ngth
PeriodLengthPo L
PoleLengthenengthPololee Gap
G
Pole
Deflection
D
Deflectioeon ParaParameter
ameterNum
Numbermbe
ber
er of Pe
Periods
eri
riods
Per
eriiodio LenLengngth
PeriodLengthPo L
PoleLengthenengthPololee Gap
G
Pole
Deflection
D
Deflectioeon ParaParameter
ameter

50
38
8 mm
1
1.9
.9 m
15 - 404 mm
m
2.00 - 0.2
2.
0.
0.24
24

U5
5 Herical
H
Hericcal Und
U
Undulatornddulatorr / Opt
Opticalptical K
Klystronlysttroron
Numbe
Numberberer oof Perio
Pe
Periods
riods
Per
erio
iod
od Le
ength
ngt
PeriodLengthPol L
Pole
Length
eng
ength
Pol
le G
ap
Pole
Gap
DeflectionDefDe
eflectionn ParameP
Parameter
meter

U7 Apple-II
Variable Polarization Undulator

221
1 / 9+9+9 (Opt. K
Kly.)
ly.)
110
0m
mm
2.35 m2.3
30 - 1
50 mm
m
150
4.6
6 - 0.07
7 (Helical)(
88.5.5 - 0.1
0.15 (Linear)

Num
Numbermber off Periods
P
PeriodPe
d Length
L
Le
Pol
Pole
le L
Lengthength
PolPo
ole Gap
Pole
D
Deflection
eflectioion Para
Parameter
ameterBending
Bendi
ing Magn
Magnets
netss
Bending
g Radius
Critical Energy

26
36
6 mm
0
0.94
.94 m
15 - 404 mm
m
1.78 - 0.
1.7
0.1
0.19
19

2
2.2
.2 m
4
25 eV
V
425

12

40
76 m
m
mm
3
3.04
.04 m
24 - 2
00 mm
200
5.4
4 ((Max. H
Horizontal)
3
3.6.6 (Max(Max.
ax. Vertical)
3.0 (Max.
(M Helical)

Beamlines in 2010
Eiji SHIGEMASAUVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science
Following the successful realization of the upgrade
project on the UVSOR storage ring (UVSOR-II
project), in which the creation of four new straightsections and the achievement of much smaller
emittance (27 nm-rad) were planned, the UVSOR
facility has become one of the highest brillianceextreme-ultraviolet
radiation
sourcesamong
synchrotron radiation facilities with electron energyof less than 1 GeV. Eight bending magnets and four
insertion devices are available for utilizing
synchrotron radiation at UVSOR. There has been a
total of 12 operational beamlines in 2010, which havebeen classified into two categories. Nine of them
are so-called “Open beamlines,” which are open toscientists of universities and research institutes
belonging to the government, public organizations,private enterprises, and those of foreign countries.
The other three beamlines are the so-called “In-housebeamlines,” and are dedicated to the use by researchgroups within IMS.
The improvements and upgrades of the beamlines
at UVSOR have been continuously discussed withusers in a series of UVSOR workshops. The newly
constructed (BL3U, BL7U, and BL6U) as well as the
upgraded (BL5U and BL6B) beamlines synchronizedwith the UVSOR-II project have been routinely
operated, and a number of outcomes have emerged
through the utilization of these beamlines. The
experimental activities conducted at BL4A and
BL8B1 were terminated in August 2009 and in
February 2010, respectively. As a consequence, wehave one soft X-ray station equipped with adouble-crystal monochromator, seven extreme
ultraviolet and soft X-ray stations with a grazing
incidence monochromator, three vacuum ultraviolet
stations with a normal incidence monochromator, andone infrared (IR) station equipped with
Fourier-transform interferometers, as shown in the
appended table (next page) for all available beamlines
at UVSOR in 2010.
“Development and Application of Light Source
Technology Based on Electron Storage Ring andLaser” proposed by the UVSOR machine group was
accepted in 2008 as a research program in the“Quantum Beam Technology Program” conducted by
MEXT/JST. In connection, the straight section S1
will be used for generating coherent THz and VUVradiation, where two beamlines will be constructed.
In response, BL1A and BL1B must be moved tovacant lots. Because spectroscopic research works
on solids have been conducted very actively at thesebeamlines, it is essential that all users’ activities there

should segue at new locations. Based upon the
result of the discussion at the users’ meetings, whichwere organized by the UVSOR User’s Union, it was
decided that BL1A will be moved to the location of
the previous BL2A without any changes on thebeamline components, and BL1B will be newly
constructed at the place of the previous BL3B, where
the Ti:Sa laser system for the machine group occupies.
For the monochromator at BL3B, a 2.5-m off-plane
Eagle type has been chosen.
The practicalmovement and construction of the related beamlines
have just started in the spring of 2011.
A supplementary budget for upgrading the UVSOR
facility was approved in the autumn of 2010; it hadoriginally been submitted as one of the estimate
budget requests of the National Institutes for Natural
Sciences. The supplementary budget includes thecost for constructing a new soft X-ray microscopy
beamline at BL4U, where a short undulator with alength of approximately 1 m is available as a lightsource. The period length chosen for this undulator,
U4, is 38 mm, which is the same as that for U3. The
spectral region from 60 to 800 eV will be covered withthe first and higher harmonic radiation. We havedecided to choose the entrance slit-less configuration
for the monochromator to keep the monochromator
throughput as high as possible, as a result of thesuccessful installations of such a configuration to
BL7U and BL6U. In order to cover such a wide
photon energy region with one single grating, avariable-included-angle Monk–Gillieson mounting
has been selected. A scanning transmission soft
X-ray microscope (STXM) will be installed at theexit slit position of the new BL4U. A new scientist
with the design, installation, commissioning, andmaintenance of this STXM beamline is now in theselection
process.
The
introductionofphotoemission electron microscopy to a branchbeamline of BL4U as well as the upgrades of theundulator U5 and the SGM-TRAIN monochromator
at BL5U are in the planning stage.
Further
discussion toward formulating a basic plan on thebeamline construction with users will be carried out.
All users are required to refer to the beamline
manuals and the UVSOR guidebook (the latest
revision in PDF format uploaded on the UVSOR web
page in the summer of 2009), when conducting theactual experimental procedures. Those wishing to
use the open and in-house beamlines arerecommended to contact the respective beamline
master (see next page). For updated information on
UVSOR, see http://www.uvsor.ims.ac.jp/.

13

Beamlines at UVSOR
Beamline

Monochromator /Spectrometer

BL1A*

Double crystal

BL1B†

1-m Seya-Namioka

BL2B‡

18-m spherical grating(Dragon)Energy Range

600 eV - 4 keV

2 - 30 eV

24 - 205 eVTargets

Absorption

N. Kondo

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

Gas

Photoionization
Photodissociation

K. Mitsuke

60 - 800 eV

Gas
LiquidSolid

25 eV - 1 keV

Gas
Solid

BL5U

Spherical grating(SGM-TRAIN§)

5 - 250 eV

BL5B

Plane grating

BL6U‡

Variable-included-angle
varied-line-spacing
plane grating

30 - 500 eV

BL6B

Martin-Puplett FT-FIR,
Michelson FT-IR

0.6 meV - 2.5 eV

BL7U

10-m normal incidence(modified Wadsworth)

6 - 40 eV

BL7B

3-m normal incidence

BL8B

Plane grating

FEL

Free electron laser

CSR

Coherent synchrotron
radiation

BL4B‡

6 - 600 eV

1.2 - 25 eV

1.9 - 150 eVContact

Solid

Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)
Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)

BL3U‡

Techniques

Absorption
Photoemission
Photon-emission
Photoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission

nkondo@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

mitsuke@ims.ac.jp

N. Kosugi
kosugi@ims.ac.jp

E. Shigemasa
sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

Solid

Photoemission

M. SakaiSolidCalibration
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

Gas
Solid

Photoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission

E. Shigemasa

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

S. Kimura

Solid

Photoemission

M. Matsunami

Solid

Reflection
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

Solid

Photoemission

T. Nishisakai@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

kimura@ims.ac.jp

matunami@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

tnishi@ims.ac.jp

M. Katoh
1.6 - 6.2 eVmkatoh@ims.ac.jp

M. Katoh
0.5 - 5 meV

mkatoh@ims.ac.jp

Yellow area: undulator beamline*
This beamline will be moved to BL2A after June 2011.
†
This beamline will be moved to BL3B after June 2011.
‡
In-house beamline§
Spherical grating monochromator with translating and rotating assembly including normal incidence mount

14

BL1A
Soft X-Ray Beamline for Photoabsorption Spectroscopy
BL1A is a soft X-ray beamline for photoabsorption spectroscopy. The beamline is equipped with a focusing
premirror and a double crystal monochromator [1]. The monochromator serves soft X-rays in the energy region
from 585 to 4000 eV using several kinds of single crystals, such as E-Al2O3, beryl, KTP (KTiOPO4), quartz, InSb,
and Ge. The throughput spectra measured using a Si photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) are shown in Fig. 1.
The typical energy resolution (E/'E) of the monochromator is approximately 1500 for beryl and InSb. There
are no experimental setups that are specific to this beamline, except for a small vacuum chamber equipped with
an electron multiplier (EM) detector. Photoabsorption spectra for powdery samples are usually measured in a
total electron yield mode, with the use of the EM detector.
This beamline will be moved to BL2A after June 2011.
[1] Hiraya et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63 (1992) 1264.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the double crystal
monochromator at BL1A.

Fig. 2. Side view of BL1A.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Double crystal monochromator

Monochromator crystals:

E-Al2O3 (22.53 Å, 585–1609 eV), beryl (15.965 Å, 826–2271 eV),

(2d value, energy range)

KTP (10.95 Å, 1205–3310 eV), quartz (8.512 Å, 1550–4000 eV),InSb (7.481 Å, 1764–4000 eV), Ge (6.532 Å, 2094–4000 eV)Resolution

E/'E = 1500 for beryl and InSb

Experiments

Photoabsorption spectroscopy

15

BL1B
Seya-Namioka Monochromator for General Purposes
BL1B has been constructed to perform various spectroscopic investigations, such as absorption, reflectivity,and luminescence in condensed matters. This beamline consists of a pre-focusing mirror, a 1-m
Seya-Namioka-type monochromator, and post-focusing mirrors with different focal lengths. Three gratings of600, 1200, and 2400 l/mm can cover the wavelength region ranging from 40 to 650 nm (hȞ = 2–30 eV). The post
mirror with a longer focal length is usually used with an LiF window to separate the vacuum condition of themonochromator from the main experimental station, which make experiments for liquids and bio-specimens
possible; the other is mainly utilized for solid-state spectroscopy. The output flux from this monochromator isapproximately 1010 photons/s around 200 nm with 0.1 mm slit openings. The spectral distributions for two
gratings measured using a conventional photomultiplier are shown in Fig. 1. A second monochromator (Spex
270M) and a LN-cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) detector (Princeton Inc.) are available for luminescencemeasurements, together with a liquid helium-flow-type cryostat. To perform time-resolved experiments, a TAC
system is also available.
This beamline will be moved to BL3B after June 2011.

Fig. 1. Photocurrent at the sample position at BL1B.

Fig. 2. Photo of BL1B.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

1-m Seya-Namioka type

Wavelength Range

40 to 600 nm (2–30 eV)Resolution

E/ǻE~1000 at 100 nm (10 eV)

Experiments

Absorption, reflection, and luminescence spectroscopy for solids

16

BL2B
Beamline for Gas Phase Photoionization and Reaction Dynamics
This beamline has been developed to study ionization, excitation, and decay dynamics involving inner-valence
electrons, 2p electrons of the third row atoms, and 4d electrons of the lanthanides. The monochromator is aspherical grating Dragon type with 18-m focal length. High throughput (1 u 1010 photons s-1) and high resolution(E/'E = 2000 - 8000) are achieved simultaneously under the condition of the ring current of 100 mA [1]. The
optical system consists of two pre-focusing mirrors, an entrance slit, three spherical gratings (G1 - G3), twofolding mirrors, a movable exit slit, and a refocusing mirror [2]. The monochromator is designed to cover theenergy range of 23–205 eV with the three gratings: G1 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 18 m) at 80–205 eV; G2 (1200lines mm-1, R = 18 m) at 40–100 eV; G3 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 9.25 m) at 23–50 eV. The percentage of thesecond-order light contamination at hQ = 45.6 eV is 23% for G2 or 7% for G3.
We have been measuring the yield curves of various fullerene ions [3]. Geometrical structures and electronic
properties of fullerenes have attracted widespread attention because of their novel structures, novel reactivity,and novel catalytic behaviors as typical nanometer-size materials. However, spectroscopic information was very
limited in the extreme UV region, owing to difficulties in acquiring sufficient sample amounts. This situation has
rapidly changed since the start of this century, because the techniques related to syntheses, isolation, andpurification have advanced so rapidly that an appreciable amount of fullerenes can now be readily obtained.
[1] M. Ono, H. Yoshida, H. Hattori and K. Mitsuke, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 467-468 (2001) 577.
[2] H. Yoshida and K. Mitsuke, J. Synchrotron Radiation 5 (1998) 774.
[3] J. Kou, T. Mori, Y. Kubozono and K. Mitsuke, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7 (2005) 119.

Fig. 1. 18-m spherical grating
monochromator at BL2B.

Fig. 2. End station of BL2B for gas phase
spectroscopy of refractory materials.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

18-m spherical grating Dragon-type

Wavelength Range

6–55 nm; 24–205 eVResolution

2000–8000 depending on the gratings

Experiments

Mass spectrom.; photoelectron spectrosc.; momentum imaging
spectrosc.; e--ion coincidence spectrosc.; fullerene beam source

17

BL3U
Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy
The beamline BL3U is equipped with an in-vacuum undulator composed of 50 periods of 3.8 cm period length.
The emitted photons are monochromatized by the varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM)
designed for various spectroscopic investigations in the soft X-ray range including soft X-ray emission studies.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings are designed to cover the photon energy range from60 to 800 eV. The beamline has two endstations, namely, XES setup and multi-purpose setup. The XES setup is
used for soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The beam is horizontally focused onto the sample position by aplane-elliptical mirror, M2X. In the multi-purpose setup, the beam is focused by the toroidal mirror M2. Between
the sample position and M2, the differential pumping is placed.

S0

Top View

XES Setup
S1X

in-vacuum
plane undulator

M0: Cylindrical
R=47.253 m

M1: Spherical G: VLSP
R=88.826 m

sample176°

M2X: Plane-Elliptical
r1=11.7 m
r2=0.5 m

M2: Toroidal
R= 81.65 m
U = 37.23 mm

Multi-purpose setup S1

sample

176°
700
0

5300

3100
6000

400
9100

2203
9500

G

Side View

S0

500
11703

M2X

800
12203

13003

14603

S1X
sample

176°

177°

1600

173°

M1

S1

M0

M2

sampleFig. 1. Schematic layout (left) and the photography (right) of the BL3U. The distances along the beam from thecenter of the in-vacuum plane undulator are shown in millimeters. S1X and M2X can be replaced with the otherexit slit S1 so that experiments can be carried out at either the XES or the multipurpose endstation. In the XES
setup, the sample is placed 5–10 mm downstream of S1X.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator

Energy Range

60–800 eVResolution

E/'E > 10 000

Experiments

Soft X-ray spectroscopy (XPS, XES, XAS)

Beam Size

Gaussian shape(XES Endstation)

Vertical 5–20 Pm; Horizontal 41 Pm (FWHM)

18

BL4B
Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy
The beamline BL4B equipped with a varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM) wasconstructed for various spectroscopic investigations in a gas phase and/or on solids in the soft X-ray range.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings with SiO2 substrates are designed to cover the photon
energy range from 25 to 800 eV. The gratings with groove densities of 100, 267, and 800 l/mm cover the
spectral ranges of 25–100, 60–300, and 200-1000 eV, respectively, and are interchangeable without breaking thevacuum. Fig. 1 shows the absolute photon flux for each grating measured using a Si photodiode (IRD Inc.),with the entrance- and exit-slit openings set at 50 and 50 Pm, respectively. The maximum resolving power(E/'E) achieved for each grating exceeds 5000.

㩷
㪈㪜㪈㪉

㪈㪜㪈㪈

㪪㫃㫀㫋㪑㩷㪌㪇P㫄㪄㪌㪇P㫄

㪞㪉

㪈㪜㪈㪇

㩷

㪠㫅㫋㪼㫅㫊㫀㫋㫐㩷㩿㫇㪿㫆㫋㫆㫅㫊㪆㫊㪀

㪞㪊

㪞㪈
㪈㪜㪐

㪈㪜㪏
㪇

㪉㪇㪇

㪋㪇㪇

㪍㪇㪇

㪏㪇㪇

㪈㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪉㪇㪇

㪧㪿㫆㫋㫆㫅㩷㪜㫅㪼㫉㪾㫐㩷㩿㪼㪭㪀

Fig. 2. Photo of BL4B.

Fig. 1. Throughput from the VLS-PGM
monochromator on BL4B.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

25–1000 eVResolution

E/'E ! 5000 (at maximum)

Experiments

Soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly, angle-resolved photoion spectroscopy forgaseous targets and photoelectron spectroscopy for gaseous and solid targets)

19

BL5U
Photoemission Spectroscopy of Solids and Surfaces
This beamline is designed for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of solids and surfaces withhorizontal-linearly and circularly (CW, CCW) polarized synchrotron radiation from a helical undulator. The
beamline consists of a Spherical Grating Monochromator with a Translational and Rotational Assembly
Including a Normal incidence mount (SGM-TRAIN) and a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission
spectrometer.
The SGM-TRAIN is an improved version of a constant-length SGM that aims at realizing the following
points: (1) covering the wide energy range of 5–250 eV, (2) high energy resolving power, (3) use of linearly andcircularly polarized undulator light, (4) reduction of higher-order light, and (5) two driving modes (rotation andtranslation of gratings) by computer control. The second-order light is well suppressed using laminar profile
gratings and combinations of mirrors and gratings.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra from the SGM-TRAIN monochromator at BL5U.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

SGM-TRAIN

Energy Range

5–250 eVResolution

hQ/'E > 2,000 for < 40 Pm slits

Experiment
Flux

ARPES, AIPES, XAS<1011photons/s for <40 Pm slits(in the sample position)
Main Instruments

Hemisphericalphotoelectron

analyzer(MBS-Toyama

A-1),

of

LEED

reverse‘Peter’type(OMICRON), Liq-He flow cryostat(5–400 K)

20

Fig. 2. High-resolution angle-resolved
photoemission apparatus at BL5U.

BL5B
Calibration Apparatus for Optical Elements and Detectors
BL5B has been constructed to perform calibration measurements for optical elements and detectors. This
beamline is composed of a plane grating monochromator (PGM) and three endstations in tandem. The most
upstream station is used for the calibration measurements of optical elements, the middle one for opticalmeasurements for solids, and the last for photo-stimulated desorption experiments. The experimental chamber at
the most downstream station is sometimes changed to a chamber for photoemission spectroscopy. The
calibration chamber shown in Fig. 2 is equipped with a goniometer for the characterization of optical elements,
which has six degrees of freedom, X-Y translation of a sample, and interchanging of samples and filters. These
are driven by pulse motors in vacuum. Because the polarization of synchrotron radiation is essential for suchmeasurements, the rotation axis can be made in either the horizontal or vertical direction (s- or p-polarization).

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra for possible combinations ofgratings and mirrors at BL5B measured by a gold mesh.

Fig. 2. A side view of the experimental
chamber for calibration measurements.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

6–600 eV (2–200 nm)

Resolution

E/'E a 500

Experiments

Calibration of optical elements, absorption of solids, photo-stimulated
desorption from rare-gas solids

21

BL6U
Variable-Included-Angle VLS-PGM for Molecular Soft X-Ray
Spectroscopy
The beamline BL6U equipped with a variable-included-angle Monk-Gillieson mounting monochromator witha varied-line-spacing plane grating was constructed for various spectroscopic investigations requiringhigh-brilliance soft X-rays in a gas phase and/or on solids. Through a combination of undulator radiation andsophisticated monochromator design (entrance slit-less configuration and variable-included-angle mechanism),using a single grating, the monochromator can cover the photon energy ranging from 30 to 500 eV, withresolving power of greater than 10000 and photon flux of more than 1010 photons/s. Figure 1 shows an exampleof the monochromator throughput spectra measured using a Si photodiode, with the exit-slit opening set at 30
Pm, which corresponds to the theoretical resolving power of 10000 at 80 eV.

Throughput spectra of the BL6U (Gap=13 mm, Slit=30Pm)

Flux(Photons/s/100mA:PD-AXUV100G)

1E13

3rd

1E12

5th

1st
1E11

DE 168q
DE 170q
DE 172q
DE 174q

1E10
1E9
1E8
1E7
30

100

Photon energy(eV)Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the BL6U monochromator atvarious included angles.
Fig. 2. Photo of BL6U

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Variable-included-angle Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

40–500 eVResolution

E/'E ! 10000 (at maximum)

Experiments

High-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly photoelectron spectroscopy forgaseous and solid targets)

22

BL6B (IR)Infrared and Terahertz Spectroscopy of Solids
SR has good performance (high brilliance and high flux) not only in the VUV and SX regions but also in theinfrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) regions. BL6B covers the IR and THz regions. The previous beamline BL6A1
that was constructed in 1985 was the pioneer of infrared SR research. The beamline was terminated at the end of
FY2003 and a new IR/THz beamline, BL6B (IR), was constructed in FY2004. The front-end part, including thebending duct #6, was replaced with a new one with a higher acceptance angle (215 (H) u 80 (V) mrad2) using amagic mirror, as shown in Fig. 1 [1]. The brilliance and photon flux at the sample were markedly improved.
The beamline is equipped with two interferometers, one is Michelson type (Bruker Vertex 70v) and the otheris Martin–Puplett type (JASCO FARIS-1), which cover the wide spectral region from 5 to 30,000 cm-1 (hQ = 0.6
meV–3.7 eV), as shown in Fig. 2. There are two end-stations: one is reflection/absorption spectroscopy for large
samples (several millimeters) and the other is IR/THz microscopy for tiny samples (several tens of micrometers).

[1] S. Kimura, E. Nakamura, T. Nishi, Y. Sakurai, K. Hayashi, J. Yamazaki and M. Katoh, Infrared Phys. Tech.
49 (2006) 147.

[mm]

Fig. 1. The design of optics and front endof BL6B.

Fig. 2. Schematic figure of top view of BL6B.

Beamline Specifications
Interferometer

Michelson (Bruker Vertex 70v), Martin-Puplett (JASCO FARIS-1)

Wavenumber Rangecm

(Energy range)meVeV-1

0.1 cm-1 for Vertex 70v

Resolution in cm

0.25 cm-1 for FARIS-1
Experiments

Reflectivity and transmission, microspectroscopy, and magneto-optics

Miscellaneous

User can bring their experimental system in this beamline

23

BL7U (SAMRAI)
Angle-Resolved Photoemission of Solids in the VUV Region
The beamline BL7U, named Symmetry- And Momentum-Resolved electronic structure Analysis Instrument(SAMRAI) for functional materials, was constructed to provide photon flux with high energy resolution and highflux, mainly for the high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of solids. An APPLE-II-type
variable polarization undulator was equipped for the light source. The undulator can make high-intensity VUVlight with horizontal/vertical linear and right/left circular polarization. The undulator light is monochromatizedusing a modified Wadsworth-type monochromator with three gratings (R = 10 m; 1200, 2400, and 3600
lines/mm optimized at hQ = 10, 20, and 33 eV). The energy resolution of light (hQ/'hQ) is more than 104 with aphoton flux of more than 1011  1012 ph/s on samples in the entire energy region.
The beamline has a photoemission end-station that equips a 200-mm-radius hemispherical photoelectron
analyzer (MB Scientific AB, A-l analyzer) with a wide-angle electron lens and a liquid-helium-cooled cryostat
with a 6-axes pulse motor control (A-VC Co. Ltd., i-GONIO). The main purpose is to determine thethree-dimensional Fermi surface and electronic structure of solids at low temperatures and their temperaturedependence in order to reveal the origin of the physical properties.
Fig. 1. Layout (a) and photograph (b) of
the SAMRAI beamline consisting of the
APPLE-II type undulator (U7), the modified
Wadsworth-type monochromator (M0 – S),
and the high-resolution photoemission
analyzer at the focal point. The
monochromator has five main opticalcomponents: two plane mirrors (M0 andM1) with water cooling, one set of threespherical gratings (G), an exit slit (S), andone toroidal refocusing mirror (M3). The
spherical gratings with a radius of 10 m arelocated 22 m from the center of theundulator. There is no entrance slit. S is
located 6.47 m from G. A second branch fora VUV microscope end-station is planned tobe constructed after the plane mirror (M2)located between G and S.
Beamline Specifications
Light source
Monochromator
Photon energy range
Resolution (hQ/'hQ)
Photon flux on sample
Beam size on sample
Experiments

APPLE-II-type undulator (Ou = 76 mm, N = 36)
10-m Normal Incidence Monochromator(modified Wadsworth type)6–40 eV (O = 30–200 nm)
1 u 104–5 u 104
12
t10  1011 ph/s (depends on hQ)
200 (H) u 50 (V) Pm2
Angle-resolved photoemission of solids(MB Scientific A-1 analyzer)

24

BL7B
3-m Normal Incidence Monochromator for Solid-State Spectroscopy
BL7B has been constructed to provide sufficiently high resolution for conventional solid-state spectroscopy,
sufficient intensity for luminescence measurements, wide wavelength coverage for Kramers–Kronig analyses,
and minimum deformation to the polarization characteristic of incident synchrotron radiation. This beamline
consists of a 3-m normal incidence monochromator, which covers the vacuum ultraviolet, ultraviolet, visible,
and infrared, i.e., the wavelength region of 40–1000 nm, with three gratings (1200, 600, and 300 l/mm).

Twointerchangeable refocusing mirrors provide two different focusing positions. For the mirror with the longer focal
length, an LiF or a MgF2 window valve can be installed between the end valve of the beamline and the focusing
position. Fig.1 shows the absolute photon intensity for each grating with the entrance and exit slit openings of
0.5 mm. A silicon photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) was utilized to measure the photon intensity and theabsolute photon flux was estimated, taking the quantum efficiency of the photodiode into account.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of BL7B measured
using a silicon photodiode.

Fig. 2. Photo of BL7B.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

3-m Normal Incidence Monochromator

Wavelength Range

50–1000 nm (1.2–25 eV)Resolution

E/'E = 40008000 for 0.01 mm slits

Experiments

Absorption, reflection, and fluorescence
spectroscopy, mainly for solids

25

BL8B
Angle-Resolved Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrometer for Solids
BL8B is a beamline for the angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS) system, which isdesigned to measure various organic solids such as molecular crystals, organic semiconductors, and conducting
polymers. This beamline consists of a plane-grating monochromator (PGM), a sample preparation chamber witha fast-entry load-lock chamber, a measurement chamber (base pressure 1 × 10-10 Torr), a cleaning chamber (basepressure 1 × 10-10 Torr), and a sample evaporation chamber (base pressure 3 × 10-10 Torr). The cleaning chamber
is equipped with a back-view LEED/AUGER, an ion gun for Ar+ sputtering, and an infrared heating unit. The
PGM consists of premirrors, a plane grating, focusing mirror, and a post-mirror, with an exit slit. It covers thewide range from 2 to 130 eV with two exchanging gratings (G1: 1200 l/mm, G2: 450 l/mm) and five cylindricalmirrors. The toroidal mirror focuses the divergent radiation onto the sample in the measurement chamber. The
spot size of the zeroth-order visible light at the sample surface is approximately 1 × 1 mm2. Figure 1 shows thethroughput spectra of PGM (slit = 100 ȝm). The energy resolution at a slit width of 100 ȝm was found to be
E/ǻE = 1000 in the wavelength range from 2 to 130 eV. A hemispherical electron energy analyzer of 75 mm
mean radius with an angular resolution less than 2° can be rotated around the vertical and horizontal axes. The
sample mounted on a manipulator (temperature range 14–320 K) can also be rotated around two axes.

Sample Current / A / R.C(100mA=1)

1E-8

1E-9

1E-10

GM[24]
GM[13]
GM[12]
GM[11]

1E-11

1E-12

0

20

40

60

80

100 120 140

Photon Energy / eV

Fig. 2. A photo of BL8B2.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of plane-grating
monochromator at BL8B2 (slit = 100 ȝm).
Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Plane-grating monochromator

Wavelength Range

9–600 nmResolution

E/ǻE = 1000

Experiments

Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy

26

FEL
Free Electron Laser
The free electron laser (FEL) at UVSOR-II is parasitically installed at BL5U. The FEL is equipped with avariably polarized optical klystron of 2.35 m in length and an optical cavity of 13.3 m in length. By using various
multi-layer mirrors for the cavity, the FEL can provide coherent light in a wide wavelength range from 800 nm to
199 nm. The pulse width is typically several picoseconds. The repetition rate is approximately 11 MHz. The
average output power depends on the wavelength but its typical value is several hundred milliwatts. Output
power higher than 1W was recorded at 230 nm and 570 nm. The FEL can be operated in a top-up injection mode.
Users can use the FEL for several hours with quasi-constant output power. The laser pulses are naturally
synchronized with the synchrotron radiation pulses that are provided at other synchrotron radiation beam-lines.
The laser beam can be transported to the beam lines by using a mirror system for pump and probe experiments if
requested.
The FEL system will be moved to a dedicated long straight section (S1) in fiscal year 2011.

Cavity mirror
Cavity mirror

Fig. 1. The schematic of the 13.3-m-long optical cavity.

Fig. 2. Left and right circular-polarized FEL isdelivered to B4.

Fig. 3. The FEL is delivered to BL7B. The FEL isirradiated on a target simultaneously with the SR.

FEL Specifications
Wavelength
Spectral Band Width
Polarization
Pulse Rate
Max. Average Power
Cavity Type
Cavity Length
Cavity Mirror

199í800 nm~10-4
Circular / Linear
11.26 MHz
~1 W
Fabry-Perot
13.3 mHfO2, Ta2O5, Al2O3 multi-layer27