CCS Technical Workshop 2021
27 January 2021

Building Decarbonization Society in Indonesia through
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)
Dr. Mohammad Rachmat Sule
*Study Program of Geophysical Engineering & Geothermal Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung*Manager of National Center of Excellence for CCS, CCUS and Flared Gas Utilization*Manager of Center for CO2 and Flared Gas Utilization, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Growing Energy Demand•Source: 1970 & 2005 ➔ BP Statistical Review of World Energy , 2020 ➔ EIA International Energy Outlook 2006

•1970’sGrowing Energy Demand•Source: 1970 & 2005 ➔ BP Statistical Review of World Energy , 2020 ➔ EIA International Energy Outlook 2006

•2005

Who has the oil?
ChinaUSAIndia(http://www.energybulletin.net/37329.html)

Present World Crisis

Peak Oil

Climate Change

Climate Change Awareness Campaigno American documentary film (and book)released in 2006 directed by Davis
Guggenheim about former UnitedStates Vice President Al Gore's
campaign to educate citizens about
global warmingo Won 2 Academy Awards & Box OfficeSuccess:✓ Best Documentary Feature✓ Best Original Songo An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power(released in 28 July 2017)

Source: "An Inconvenient Truth (U)". British Board of Film Classification. May 18, 2006. Retrieved December 9,6

To stop global warming• It will take• ①increased energy efficiency,• ②increased renewable energies,• ③the decarbonisation of power generation from fossil fuels.

• The only technology available to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from large-scale fossil fuel usage is CO2 capture and storage(CCS). (from CO2 Capture and Storage, IEA, 2008)

National CoE for CCS - CCUS and ZRF--- First activity was stated in 2009 --- Established based on DG Oil & Gas Appointed Letter (May 2017) -The purposes of establishment:• Realization of National commitment to reduce GHG of 29%
in 2030 by national effort and could increase up to 41% if
International support is available.
• Promoting the reduction of GHG emission from Energy
Sector in Indonesia
1. Developing technology related to CCS/CCUS and it can beused for future EOR and EGR activities (CCUS) in order tomaintain and increase oil & gas production.
2. Develop real projects related to CCS and CCUS, such as:
Gundih CCS Pilot project, development of CO2 separation
technology, CCS/CCUS SOP, Regulation, etc.
3. Extended to other oil & gas fields with high CO2 content, suchas Natuna D alpha, some fields in South Sumatera and EastJava, etc.

Draft of regulation for
promoting CCS andCCUS in Indonesia
was produced by theCoE CCS-CCUS in 2019(supported by ADB)Just Fresh from the oven (Nov - Des 2020)

Besides that, the Government of Indonesia is currently finalizing the Draft of Presidential Decree on
Economical Value of Carbon

An example from a case study in Indonesia
Contractor PTCF Case 1-A without Carbon Credit
2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

PTCF (Mil US$)

2020YearEst. POT @ Q1 2034

*Carbon credit will be used as Cost Recovery deduction*It is assumed that 100% of CO2 injected is included intocarbon credit calculation.

••

Base case for calculation until 2045 is without any
carbon credit
Pay Out Time is around Q1 2034

Analysis on Carbon Credit Sensivity for Project Economics @ 2045
Contractor PTCF Case 1-A with Carbon Credit
2025

2030

2035

2040

PTCF (Mil US$)

2020

Year
Carbon Credit 15 US$/tCO2e

Carbon Credit 30 US$/tCO2e

Carbon Credit 60 US$/tCO2e2045

Estimated Project pay out time for• Carbon Credit 15 US$/tCO2e• Carbon Credit 30 US$/tCO2e• Carbon Credit 60 US$/tCO2e: Q1 2032: Q4 2029: Q2 2028•PTCF Comparison for project USD 60 carbon credit istwice as profitable as the project with USD 30 carbon
credit and 3.6 times more profitable compared to theproject with USD 15 carbon credit.

•Based on the calculation, carbon credit is able toreduce operating expenditure to zero, therefore
increasing profit for both contractor and theGovernment of Indonesia.

Carbon Credit Sensitivity – A case study in Indonesia

Carbon Credit (US$/tCO2e)60

References of Carbon Pricing Around the World:• EU ETS : 25 US$/tCO2e (50-60 US$/tCO2e in 2022)• Hitachi: 46.7 US$/tCO2e• Iceland Carbon Tax: 31.3 US$/tCO2e• Beijing Pilot ETS: 10.4 US$/tCO2e

45
30
150

Contractor PTCF (Mil US$)

Latest Status of Gundih Project:
Shifting from CCS Pilot Project to CCUS (CO2-EGR) Project
Map of Gundih area and its surrounding areas
Kedunglusi

Kedunglusi

Cepu

KEDUNGLUSIKTB – RBT – KDL FIELDS(Gundih Area)❑ 70 MMSCFDfor 12 years❑ CO2 = 21%,equivalent to800 tpd

Historical Gundih CCS Pilot Project (2012 – 2019)
Contributors:
SATREPS project (2012-2017), ADB TA (2013 – 2014),
Royal Norwegian Embassy (2013 – 2015), Kanso Technos (2015)
and Knowledge Partnership Program ITB and ADB (2016 – 2019)

Support from ADB
for Surface Facility Study(2013 – 2014)

Cooperation with KansoTechnos (2015)

Support from Royal Norwegian Embassy (2013 – 2015)-- Risk assessment together with DNV GL ---FY2014(SATREPS Year 3)

ADB

End of JICA contract(2017/Sep)

MoC signed-up:
Beginning of ADB funding

End of Knowledge Partnership
Program ITB – ADB
Sep 2019

Knowledge Partnership Program between ITB and ADB (2016 – 2018 & 2018 – 2019)

FY2015(SATREPS Year 4)

FY2016(SATREPS Year 5)

FY2017

TDEM

Gravity

Seismic/Gravity

Subsurface Site Screening & Baseline surveys(ITB and Kyoto Univ – SATREPS Project)

FY2018
Jepon well
work-overEstablishment ofNational CoE CCS-CCUS

2

1

3

5

4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

7

Provides guidance to the students before going to the field
Vibro being prepared before the action
Recording group in action (Labo)
DSS-12 recording systemGRS system
Geophone
DSS-12 warehouse

6Pseudo 3D seismic cube

NEW Scenario of CCUS Project in GUNDIH AREA
Time Structure Map of Kujung Fm& Proposed CCS well location

Currently Gundih CPP releases 800 tpd of CO2. If all of available
CO2 is injected to Kedungtuban structure:- 3 mio of CO2 will be reduced for 10 years injection time.
- Incremental gas production of 36 BSCF for 10 years, equivalent
to approx. USD 120 mio.
- The Opex and Capex for 10 years CO2 injection = USD 35 mio.
- Offering participation of foreign institutions for injecting CO2,e.g. using JCM scheme.

Increase Gas Production
up to 5.4% (36 BSCF)

Breakthrough:15 years after 1st injection

100 years after 1st injection

Newest Good News that received May 2020:
Approved FS Joint Crediting Mechanism: Proposing MRV Methodology forGundih Project (Jun 2020 – Feb 2021, funded by METI)JN / JP

Technology Applicability- CO2 injection- MonitoringOn-going collaboration between CoE CCS-CCUS at ITB & JANUS Co. Ltd.
--- Supported by DG Oil and Gas & METI’s Global Env. Partnership Office ---Conventional One-by-One CCUSCO2 Sink

CO2 Source
Gas Filed, Gas
Processing, etc.

Pipeline

Oil Field for
CO2-EORA business with one source connected to one sink
Feasibility damaged by Large CAPEX

CCUS in a way of ‘Hub-Clustering’ Regional CO2 Management
Oil Field

CO2-EOR
Pipeline

CO2 Source

CO2-EORGas Field, Gas
Processing, etc.

Oil Field

Other
CO2 Source

CO2-EOROil Field

Oil Field

Aquifer

CO2-EORCCS

CO2 Source
Coal Fired Power Plant

CCS

DepletedField

Several Businesses with ‘Hub’ CO2 sources connected to multiple‘clustered’ sinks in an area.
Feasibility enhanced by reduced CAPEX by shared facilities.

Oil Field

DepletedFieldCCS

Overview of Potential CO2 Source Map (Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan)
CO2 Source (subject to be discussed)• The Oil-Gas CO2 is calculated by
CO2 content (%) x remaining gas
reserve (mmscf)••••

Low Co2: < 5,000 mmscf
Medium CO2: 5,000 – 20,000mmscf• High CO2: > 20,000 mmscf
Industrial CO2: from Cement Industry,
Petrochemical, Coal Mining, Pulp
Industries (>1,500 TCO2/day)Power Plant (coal) CO2 is classified
as:• Low: <1,000,000 TCO2e• Medium: 1 - 2 mio TCO2e• High: > 2 mio TCO2e
With a supervision &sponsor fromHub-Clustering have been done in Gas
Fields, Industry, and Coal Power Plant- Note that the CO2 unit available from oil&gas in database is volume (mmscf gas) not flowrate (mmscfd or mmscfy)- Blue hexagon = CO2-rich industry, Red Squares = high CO2 produced from Power Plant.

Potential CO2 Source in South Sumatera
CO2 Source from Oil & Gas
No12

Field NameBungin 1Dayung3Gelam

456789101112131415KuangLetang
Pagardewa
Prabumenang
Raja
Sambar 1
Singa (Medco)
Suban
SumpalBentayanTanjung Laban
Ramba

Operator
ConocoPhillips (South Jambi) Ltd
ConocoPhillips (Grissik) Ltd
ConocoPhillips (Grissik) Ltd~PT Pertamina/Talisman (JambiMerang) Ltd
PT Pertamina EP
ConocoPhillips (Grissik) Ltd
PT Pertamina EP
PT Pertamina EP
PT Pertamina EP
ConocoPhillips (Grissik) Ltd
PT Medco E&P Lematang
ConocoPhillips (Grissik) Ltd
ConocoPhillips (Grissik) Ltd
PT Pertamina EP
PT Pertamina EP
PT Pertamina EP

1312C.413291151514A8

CO2 Source from Industry
No Industry Category Company
A Petrochemical
PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja

C.1

106

CO2 Source from Power Plant
NoC.1
C.2
C.3
C.4

Coal Power Plant
Keban Agung
PLTU Banjarsari
Bukit Asam #2
Sumsel-5

Owner
PT Priamanaya Energi
PT Bukit Pembangkit Innovative
PT PLN (Persero) Pembangkitan Sumatera Bagian Selatan
PT DSSP Power

C.2

C.3

74

Some perceptions among us

What we have learnt:
Fantastic dream is sometimes
difficult to be realized; it depends
on the background situation ineach country

Indonesia is a Coal Country
Distribution of coal (ca. 18,7 billon tonnes as reserve and 90 billion tonnes as potentioan resource)CO2 from Coal Fired Power Plant

PLTU Indramayu (290 MW) Cluster ANo ID
1234678101320212224262829313234404245
475455
5666
75
7985
86

FIELD_NAME
OperatorKarang Enggal
PT Pertamina EP
Jati AsriPT Pertamina EP
Jati Sinta
PT Pertamina EP
Kandang Haur Timur PT Pertamina EP
Cemara Barat
PT Pertamina EP
PegadenPT Pertamina EP
Cemara Selatan
PT Pertamina EP
Kandang Haur Barat PT Pertamina EP
Bojongraong
PT Pertamina EPGantar
PT Pertamina EP
Pamanukan Selatan PT Pertamina EP
Waled Utara
PT Pertamina EP
Cemara Timur
PT Pertamina EP
Melandong
PT Pertamina EP
Karang Baru
PT Pertamina EP
Tegal TamanPT Pertamina EP
Karang Baru Barat
PT Pertamina EP
Karang Tunggal
PT Pertamina EP
Jati Keling
PT Pertamina EP
Arjuna FS
PT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna U
PT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna FF
PT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna FZ
PT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna ESR
PT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna ESSPT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna FSW
PT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna ES
PT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna ESTPT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna F
PT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna UBPT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd
Arjuna UY
PT Pertamina Hulu Energi ONWJ Ltd

PROD_STAT
Producing
Producing
Producing
Producing
Producing
Producing
ProducingTemporarily shut-in
Producing
Producing
Producing
Producing
Producing
Producing
Producing
ProducingTemporarily shut-in
Temporarily shut-in
ProducingTemporarily shut-in
ProducingTemporarily shut-in
Producing
Producing
Producing
Producing
ProducingTemporarily shut-in
Producing
Producing
Producing

GN_HC_TYPE
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields
Oil & Gas Fields

INDONESIA CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR CCS AND CCUS

25ZERO ROUTINE FLARING (ZRF) PROGRAM - 2030
Source of Flaring → It should be minimized by monetisation of Flared Gas

Oil and Gas Field-Natural Gas(90% methane)-CO2-Inert Gas: N2-Mixture of Hydrocarbon-H2 (occasionally)
Oil Refinery-Natural Gas

LNG Facilities

FlaringAssociated Gas Recovery and Fuel Producing Facilitywith JCM Scheme toward Zero Flaring (under pre-study)
Flaring

Case 1CAPEX: 5~6 Million USD

Gas: 0.9 MMSCFD

CH4 and CO2: 0.8 MMSCFD
ChillerIndustry

C2~: 0.1 MMSCFD
Site AOil

Oil pipeline

CO2 reduced by substitution of existing fuels
There exist several similar cases approved by CDM.
CO2 emission reduction estimated by CDM Methodology AM0009.

Applicability of JCM Scheme
Under pre-study by…

JCM Scheme between Indonesia and JapanLPG

NEEDS FOR BECCS& DDPP BECCS INDONESIA
Critically insufficient

NDC

Highly insufficientInsufficient
2°C compatible
1.5°C Paris Agreementcompatible

Needs for Negative Emissions

CO2 Emissions Development Scenario
600
28500

27
123

400

25

1212811827

Mton CO2-eq

111
300
200

176

214

144

182

193

152

*world average DDPP

Some source: Climate Action Tracker (2017), Global CCS Institute (2016)

2010
-100
-200

IndustryElectricity

410

By 2050, 1.14 ton CO2/cap is compatible withworld 2DS (2.2 ton CO2/cap*) under BECCS scenario

Transportation

152
211

100

Buildings

1092022020-32030-1020402050-22-38BECCS (Electricity)

Email: coe-ccs@fttm.itb.ac.id & rachmat.sule@itb.ac.id
http://ccs-coe.fttm.itb.ac.id/
http://ccs-gundih.fttm.itb.ac.id/