GALILEO Introduction
Andreas Schütz
Training on GNSS T131 / T151
Bangkok, January 14th 2019

Overview EGNOS••••History
System Architecture
Constellation
Current status GALILEO••••••••

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History
System Architecture
Constellation
Current status
Satellite and Launcher Specifications
Signals and Services
GALILEO Navigation Message Design
GALILEO Performance

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GALILEO Introduction

Source: https://galileognss.eu

Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service#/media/File:EGNOS_logo.svg

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Overview
GALILEO, alright, but what is EGNOS?

Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service#/media/File:EGNOS_logo.svg

European Geostationary Overlay System

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EGNOS History• 1996: Formal agreement on GNSS-1 (later onEGNOS)• First satellite carrying EGNOS navigation
payload launched in 1997
• Initial operations started in 2005 with anaccuracy better than 2 meters• Official service provided as of October 1st 2009
• 2010 certification for integrity applications• 2011 official clearance from system provider forsafety critical integrity applications

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EGNOS System Architecture

Source: https://egnos-user-support.essp-sas.eu/new_egnos_ops/egnos-system/about-egnos

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EGNOS System Architecture• Navigation Land Earth Stations (NLES)• Ranging & Integrity Monitoring Stations (RIMS)• Mission Control Stations (MCCs)• Central Processing Facility (CPF)• Receives data from RIMS
• Produce elaborate clock and ephemeris corrections foreach GPS satellite in view
• Produce elaborate ionospheric corrections• Central Control Facility• Monitor and control all EGNOS ground subsystems• Monitor system mission, satellites and service
performance• Archive all collected and produced data

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EGNOS System Architecture

Source: https://www.icao.int/MID/Documents/2017/ACAC-ICAO%20GNSS%20Workshop/EC%20Rabat%20EGNOS%20status%20%20roadmap%20ext_final.pdf

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EGNOS System – Ground Segment

Source: https://goo.gl/images/bJBTHw

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EGNOS constellation•Composed of 3
geostationary satellites
broadcasting on L1•

ASTRA 5-B (PRN 123) inorbital slot 31.5 E•

ASTRA SES-5 (PRN 136) inorbital slot 5.0 E•

INMARSAT 4F2 EMEA (PRN126) in orbital slot 64.0 E•INMARSAT 3F2 (PRN 120)
removed from service asof January 1st 2019

Source: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/File:EGNOS_vehicle_tracing.jpg

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EGNOS current status

Source: https://egnos-user-support.essp-sas.eu/new_egnos_ops/sites/default/files/documents/service_notice_15.pdf

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EGNOS current status

Source: https://egnos-user-support.essp-sas.eu/new_egnos_ops/sites/default/files/documents/service_notice_15.pdf

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Source: https://galileognss.eu

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Galileo History• 1996: Formal agreement on GNSS-1 (later onEGNOS) and discussions about GNSS-2 (lateron Galileo)• 1999: decision to build Galileo:• Increase control over satellite-based safety-criticalnavigation systems• Ensure an independent positioning service forEuropean users in the long term
• Support EU industry competitiveness• 2000: Allocation of the Galileo frequency plan atthe World Radio Communications Conference
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Galileo History• 2005: Launch of GIOVE-A• 2008: Launch of GIOVE-B (First to transmit
characteristic MBOC signals)• 2011: Beginning of IOV Phase• 2014: Beginning of FOC Phase• 2014: Soyuz Fregat upper stage malfunction,bringing SAT5 and SAT6 in very low,highly elliptical orbit• 2018: US Federal Communications Commission
grants usage of Galileo signals E1 and E5

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Galileo System Architecture• Funding and Operations:• Funded and owned by the EU (EU citizens)• Overall responsibility for the programme,management and implementation of allactivities lies within the European Commission• Deployment, design and development of newgenerations and technical infrastructure is
carried out by ESA• Operations and provision of services is
entrusted to GSA

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Galileo System Architecture

Source: 2014-springer-galsyst-9789400718296-c2

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Galileo System Architecture - GCS• Responsible for satellite constellation controland management of satellites• Provision of telemetry, telecommand andcontrol functions for the whole satellite const.
• Core facilities:• Galileo Control Centers (GCCs)• Telemetry, Tracking & Control (TT&C) stations

Source: 2014-springer-galsyst-9789400718296-c2

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Galileo System Architecture - GMS• Responsible for the determination and uplink ofnavigation data messages needed to provide
navigation and UTC time transfer services• Continuous, global monitoring of all Galileo
navigation signals and upload of updatednavigation messages• Core facilities:• Galileo Control Centers (GCCs)• Galileo Up-Link Stations (ULS)• Galileo Sensor Stations (GSS)
Source: 2014-springer-galsyst-9789400718296-c2

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Galileo System Architecture - GCC• GCS facilities within GCC:
Spacecraft & Constellation Control Facility, SCCF
Spacecraft & Constellation Planning Facility, SCPF
Flight Dynamics Facility, FDS
Operations Preparation Facility, OPF
Central Monitoring & Control Facility, CMCFGCS Key Management Facility, GCS KMFConstellation Simulator, CSIM•
••
•
••
•

Source: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/Galileo_Ground_Segment

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Galileo System Architecture - GCC• GMS facilities within GCC:
• Orbit Determination and Synchronization ProcessingFacitility, OSPF
• Message Generation Facility, MGF• Precision Timing Facility, PTF• Ground Assets Control Facility, GACF
• Mission Uplink Control Facility, MUCF
• Mission Support Facility, MSF• Maintenance and Training Platform, MTPF
• GMS Key Management Facility, GMS KMF• Service Product Facility, SPF

Source: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/Galileo_Ground_Segment

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Galileo System – Ground Segment

Source: http://www.aiad.it/aiad_res/cms/documents/TELESPAZIOgalileocontrolcenter_eng.pdf

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Galileo System Architecture – Add-on

Source: Galileo-At-the-Dawn-of-a-New-Age-of-GNSS-Services-12.19.16

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Galileo System Architecture - GSA• European GNSS Agency (formerly European
GNSS Supervisory Authority) in Prague• Responsible for operations and service provision• Oversees key facilities:•••••

Galileo Security Monitoring Center (GSMC)
European GNSS Service Center (GSC)
Galileo Reference Center (GRC)
Galileo Integrated Logistics Support Center (GILSC)
Galileo Control Centers (GCCs)• Market analysis• GNSS/Galileo uptake
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Source: https://www.gsa.europa.eu

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Galileo System Architecture - GSA

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/EU_GNSS/gsa-egnos-and-galileo-for-aviation

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Galileo Constellation•

30 Satellites, 24
operational 6 as spare•

23.222 km altitude MEO•

56° inclination•

3 orbital planes, 120 °spacing of ascending node•

10 satellites per orbital
plane

•

Active SVs form Walker
Delta Pattern Constellation(56°:24/3/1)•

8 active SVs per orbital
plane, 45° apart with a+/- 2° bound for nominal
position

Source: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/images/5/56/Galileo_Space_Segment.jpg

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Galileo current statusSource: https://www.gsc-europa.eu/system-status/orbital-and-technical-parameters/parameters-definition

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Galileo Launch Plan

Source: https://de.slideshare.net/EU_GNSS/status-of-galileo

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Galileo Current status

Source: https://www.gsc-europa.eu/system-status/Constellation-Information, 10.01.2019, 15:01

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Galileo – known issues• Clock issues:• Overall 9 clock failures (6 PHM and 3 RAFS) until now(last one in 2017)• The 3 RAFS failures occured on FOC SVs• 1 PHM failure occured on an FOC SV• 5 PHM failures occured on IOV satellites• 3 of the 4 IOVs and 2 of the 26 FOCs are affected• Galileo fully functional due to redundancy• Eccentrical orbits:• Galileo 5 and 6 deployed in too low, elliptical orbits• Correction maneuvers were carried out, satellites are
now fully usable within Galileo

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Galileo – known issues• Eccentrical Orbits: Recovery Maneuvers

Source: https://insidegnss.com/galileo-5-and-6-eccentric-satellites-mission-recovery-and-exploitation-part-i/

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Galileo Satellite Specs - FOC

Source: http://insidegnss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Galileo-At-the-Dawn-of-a-New-Age-of-GNSS-Services-12.19.16.pdf

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Galileo Satellite Specs

Source: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/Galileo/Satellite_anatomy

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Galileo Satellite Specs - FOC

Source: http://insidegnss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Galileo-At-the-Dawn-of-a-New-Age-of-GNSS-Services-12.19.16.pdf

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Galileo Launcher Specs

Source: http://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/soyuz/

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Source: http://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/ariane-5/

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Galileo Signals and Services

Source: Galileo OS SiS ICD

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Galileo Signals and Services

Source: Galileo OS SiS ICD

Source: The Galileo Reference Centre and Its Role in the Galileo Service Provision, 69th IAC, Bremen, 1-5 October 2018

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Galileo Signals and Services

Source: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/File:Galileo_Signal_Plan_Fig_2.png

Source: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/images/e/e7/Galileo_Signal_Plan_Fig_5.png

Source: Galileo OS SiS ICD

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Galileo Navigation Message

Source: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/Galileo_Navigation_Message

Source: Galileo OS SiS ICD

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Galileo Performance

Source: Galileo-IS-OS-Quarterly-Performance_Report-Q3-2018

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Galileo Performance

Source: Galileo-IS-OS-Quarterly-Performance_Report-Q3-2018

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Contact

Andreas Schütz, M.Sc.
Institute of Space Technology and Space Applications
Universität der Bundeswehr München

Email: andreas.schuetz@unibw.de
Phone: +49 (0)89 6004 3056