医学部進学予備校メビオ 医学部専門予備校 YMS 英進館メビオ

解答速報

医学部専門予備校

福岡校

東海大学医学部

英語

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2023年 2月2日実施

ၥ 11
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(1) ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ୺せ࡞⛉Ꮫ㞧ㄅࡣⱥㄒ࡛᭩࠿ࢀᗈࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪௚ゝㄒ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓ㞧ㄅࡣࡼࡾᗈ⠊࡞ㄞ⪅ࡢ┠࡟ࡣᒆ࠸࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࡢ◊✲⤖ᯝࡣᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡢሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㢳ࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋู࠙ゎࠚࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪኱༙ࡢ୺せᏛ⾡ㄅࡀ㸪ⱥㄒࢆ౑⏝ゝㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡏ࠸࡛㸪௚ゝㄒࡢᏛ⾡ㄅࡣᗈ⠊࡞ㄞ⪅ࡢ┠࡟ࡣゐࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡣᅜ㝿ウ㆟㸵ࡢሙ࡛ぢⴠ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
(2) ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ኻࢃࢀࡿ༴㝤ࡢ࠶ࡿ㸪ከࡃࡢᕼᑡ✀ࡢື≀ࡸ⌋ࡋ࠸ᅛ᭷ࡢᩥ໬ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒ࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡿ◊✲ࡢ࡞࠿࡛㸪༑ศ࡟ࡣ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚ࡣࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋู࠙ゎࠚࡑࡢࡏ࠸࡛㸪⤯⁛ࡢ༴ᶵ࡟ℜࡍࡿከࡃࡢᕼᑡ࡞✀ࡢື≀ࡸ㸪௚࡟㢮ࢆぢ࡞࠸㸪ኻࢃࢀࡺࡃᅵ╔ࡢᩥ໬ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࡢ࡟ຠᯝⓗ࡞௙᪉࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ(1)Surprisingly, this light accelerated this ability and enabled it to decompose compounds,
while it will take some centuries for them to biodegrade naturally, in a few days.

㸶(2)In scenarios which often appear in science fictions, creatures born in the laboratory run
away and threaten the Earth, but in real life such creatures may save the Earth.

㸨ヨ㦂఍ሙ࡛ᡭ㓄ࡾࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓゎ⟅㏿ሗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪኱ၥ 8 (1) ࡢᮎᑿࡀ㸪 “a few days” ࡜ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡇ
ࢁ “a few minutes” ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡈ㏞ᝨࢆ࠾࠿ࡅࡋ࡚⏦ࡋヂ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
〈〈 模試・講座の ご案 内 〉〉

受験相談会・後期模試・攻略講座を実施します※詳細は最終面をご確 認 く だ さ いҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸯
ၥ1ࠕ➨ 1 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡣࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕどぬ࡟ッ࠼ࡿຊࢆࡶࡘࠖ
ࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕ⨾ࡀഛ࠼ࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡢ୍ࡘࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ2

ࠕ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣈࣀ࣭࣐࣡ࣥࢹࣝࣈࣟࡢࠗࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝ࠘࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡣࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕᩘᏛⓗࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠖࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ࠕࣈࣀ࣭࣐࣡ࣥࢹࣝࣈࣟࡣࠗࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝ࠘࡜࠸
࠺༢ㄒࢆ 1970 ᖺ௦࡟᪂ࡓ࡟㐀ࡾฟࡋࡓ⛉Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼࡀẼ࡙࠸ࡓࡢࡣ㸪⮬↛⏺࡟࠾࠸୍࡚ぢࣛࣥࢲ࣒ࡸ↓⛛ᗎ࡞⌧㇟ࡸ㐀ᙧࡀࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢἲ๎࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ༢⣧࡞ᩘᏛⓗつ๎࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ3ࠕ➨ 2 ẁⴠࡢ♧ࡍ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ㸪ᾏᓊ⥺ࡀࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢⰋ࠸ᐇ౛ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞኱ࡁࡉ࡛ぢࡓ┠ࡀࡼࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 9 ᩥ࡟ࠕྠᵝ࡟㸪ᆅᅗ࡟㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡎ࠿ᩘ࢟ࣟࡢᾏᓊ⥺ࡶ㸪ᩘ༓࢟ࣟ࡟ࡶཬࡪᾏᓊ⥺࡜ぢࡓ┠ࡀ࡜࡚ࡶࡼࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ4ࠕ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࡛㸪(A)ᨭὶࡢព࿡ࡣ࡟ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㏆࠸ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕ௚࡟ὶධࡍࡿỈࠖࠋୗ⥺㒊(A)ࢆྵࡴ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 8 ᩥࡢ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪࠶ࡿỈ⣔࡛㸪Ỉࡢᨭὶࡣྠࡌࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽḟࡢᨭὶ࡬࡜ὶࢀ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ࡛ࠖ࠶
ࡿࠋୗ⥺㒊(A)ࢆྵࡴᩥࡢព࿡ࡀࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ᾘཤἲࡶ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔ࠕỈ㠃࡟⌧ࢀࡿᅗᙧࠖ㸪࢖ࠕ௚࡟ὶධࡍࡿỈࠖ㸪࢘ࠕỈὶࢆጉࡆࡿ㞀ᐖࠖ㸪࢚ࠕỈ㝿࡛ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿᶞᮌࡢᯞࠖࠋỈ㠃ࡢヰ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࢔ࡣ୙㐺㸪Ỉὶࡀጉࡆࡽࢀࡿヰࡣࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࢘ࡶ୙㐺㸪ୗ⥺
㒊(A)ࢆྵࡴᩥࡣᶞᮌࡢヰ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࢚ࡶ୙㐺࡜࡞ࡾ㸪⟅࠼࡜ࡋ࡚࢖ࡀṧࡿࠋ
ၥ5ࠕ➨ 3 ẁⴠࡢ♧ࡍ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ㸪ኳẼணࡣࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕ౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ⩌ࡢ㔞ࢆ࠿࡞ࡾῶࡽࡋ࡚ࡶྍ⬟ࡔࢁ࠺ࠖࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 6 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࣛࣈࢪࣙ࢖࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࡣࡿ࠿࡟㔞ࡢᑡ࡞࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱ⩌ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝศᯒ࡛ࡶ㸪㌾㢼࡜࠸࠺ྡ࡛▱ࡽࢀࡿẚ㍑ⓗᑠつᶍ࡞࢚࢔࣏ࢣࢵࢺࢆᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚ṇ☜࡛኱つᶍ࡞ኳẼண
ၥ6ࠕ➨ 4 ẁⴠࡢ୺࡞┠ⓗࡣࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠖ

ṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕே㢮࡜ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࡞࠾⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠖࠋᩥ❶඲య࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛẁⴠࡢ┠ⓗ㸪୺᪨ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪➨ 4 ẁⴠࡢ┠ⓗࡀࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠࡣⱁ⾡సရࡢࡶࡘ⨾ࡋࡉࡢᮏ㉁ⓗ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚⮬↛⏺࡟ࡶぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᭱⤊ᩥ࡛ࡣࠕࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࡢྂ௦ࡢ♽ඛࢆ⦾ᰤࡉࡏ㸪ࡑࡢ㨩ຊࡣ௒᪥ࡢே㢮ᩥ໬࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡀ➨ 2 ẁⴠ௨㝆ࡢᵓᡂࢆண᝿ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆᥦၐࡋࡓࣈࣀ࣭࣐࣡ࣥࢹࣝࣈࣟࢆ⤂௓ࡋ㸪⮬↛⏺࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿᵝࠎ࡞ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢ஦౛ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢ
ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀึᮇࡢே㢮ࡢ⏕Ꮡ࡟ᙺ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚➨4 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᛌ࡜ࡍࡿ⬻ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ཎጞ᫬௦ࢆ㐣ࡂ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾㸪ࡑࢀࡀᘬࡁ⥆ࡁⱁ⾡సရࡢ㚷㈹᫬࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 5 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ㸪ⱁ⾡సရࡢ୰࡛ࡶ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࢪࣕࢡࢯ࣭࣏ࣥࣟࢵࢡࡢసရࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࢆㄆ㆑࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟㐍໬ࡋࡓே㢮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪௒࡞࠾⮬↛⏺࡜ⱁ⾡సရ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࣇࣛࢡ
ࢱࣝࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ព࿡ࢆࡶࡘ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪࢘௨እࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ➨ 4 ẁⴠࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ࡣヱᙜࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

ၥ7ࠕ➨ 5 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࣏ࣟࢵࢡࡢసရࡢᣢࡘ㨩ຊࡢ୺࡞⌮⏤ࡣ࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕࡑࡢᵝᘧ࡟ෆᅾࡍࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠖ
ࠋ࣏ࣟࢵࢡࡢసရ࡟ேࠎࡀ㨩ຊࢆឤࡌࡿ⌮⏤ࡑࡢࡶࡢ
ࡣᮏᩥ࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 5 ᩥ࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢿ࢖ࢳ࣮ࣕᥖ㍕ࡢㄽᩥ࡛ࠕ࣏ࣟࢵࢡࡢ⤮⏬ࡣཝᐦ࡞ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝᙧែ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ㸪⥆ࡃ➨ 6 ᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ேࠎࡀࠕᙼࡢసရࢆ㚷㈹ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣᮏ⬟ⓗ࡟ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ┠࡛㏣ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࡇ࡜ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪࣏ࣟࢵࢡࡢసရࢆ㚷㈹ࡍࡿୖ࡛㸪ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ㨩ຊࡢ୍ᅉ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᥎
ၥ8ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࠕ➨ 5 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪 “Pollockiser” ࡣࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕ࣏ࣟࢵࢡࡢసရ࡟ఝࡓ⤮⏬ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓࠖ
ࠋ➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 7 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡑࡢྠࡌ⿕㦂⪅ࡓࡕ࡟㸪࣏ࣟࢵࢡὶ࡟ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝ࡜㠀ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ
⏕ᡂࡍࡿ “Pollockiser” ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓ⤮⏬ࢆぢࡉࡏࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋၥ 9 ࠕ᭱⤊ẁⴠࡢෆᐜࢆ᭱ࡶࡼࡃせ⣙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࡝ࡢᩥ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡣᖖ࡟ே㢮ࡢⱁ⾡࡜⮬↛࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠖࠋ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ㸪⮬↛⏺
࠿ࡽⱁ⾡ⓗ┤ほࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡓ࣏ࣟࢵࢡࢆ౛࡟㸪ே㢮ࡀఱⓒ୓ᖺࡢ㛫㸪⎔ቃホ౯ࡸ⏕Ꮡࡢࡓࡵ࡟どぬ᝟ሗࢆฎ⌮ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㐍໬ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⮬↛⏺ࡸⱁ⾡࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡀே㛫ࡢ⏕ά࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ၥ 10 ࠕᮏᩥࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢ⛉Ꮫ࡜⨾ࠖࠋ᭱⤊ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡛ࠕࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐍໬ㄽⓗほⅬ࠿ࡽࡳࡿ࡜㸪⮬↛⏺࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝ࡜ⱁ⾡࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡣ཮᪉࡜ࡶ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⏕ά࡟㔜せ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋᑦ㸪ே㛫ࡀࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࢆࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ㸪⮬↛⏺ࡸⱁ⾡సရ࡟ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࢆぢฟࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀᮏᩥࡢ୺᪨࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࢔ࡣ୙㐺ࠋ
ၥ 11 ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㸪㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᩥࡀṇࡋࡅࢀࡤ “T” ࢆ㸪ㄗࡾ࡞ࡽࡤ “F” ࢆ࣐࣮ࢡࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠖ
1. ࠕ෇ᙧࡣࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞౛ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ Fࠋ෇ᙧ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᮏᩥ࡛ࡣ┤᥋ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ࠕࣈࣀ࣭࣡
࣐ࣥࢹࣝࣈࣟࡣࠗࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝ࠘࡜࠸࠺༢ㄒࢆ 1970 ᖺ௦࡟᪂ࡓ࡟㐀ࡾฟࡋࡓ⛉Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼࡀẼ࡙࠸ࡓࡢࡣ㸪⮬↛⏺࡟࠾࠸୍࡚ぢࣛࣥࢲ࣒ࡸ↓⛛ᗎ࡞⌧㇟ࡸ㐀ᙧࡀࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢἲ๎࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ༢⣧࡞ᩘᏛⓗつ๎࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ෇ᙧࡣ୙㐺࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾࠋ
2. ࠕᨻᗓࡢᙺேࡣ㸪༴㝤࡞Ẽ㇟≧ἣ࡟ഛ࠼ࡿィ⏬ࢆࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟㸪ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢศᯒࢆ฼⏝ࡋጞࡵࡓࠖṇゎࡣ Tࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕᐇ㝿࡟⌧ᅾ㸪ᨻᗓㅖᶵ㛵ࡀ⮬↛⅏ᐖ࡟ഛ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝ࡟ࡼࡿணࡀẼ㇟Ꮫ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨻᗓㅖᶵ㛵࡟ᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ

3. ࠕࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ 1500 ᖺ௦ࡢ㛫࡟ⱁ⾡࡟⌧ࢀጞࡵࡓࠖṇゎࡣ Fࠋ➨ 4 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕ㨩ຊⓗ࡞ࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢᙧࡣ౛࠼ࡤ 5 ୡ⣖ࡢ࣮࣐ࣟࡢࣔࢨ࢖ࢡ⏬㸪ࣞ࢜ࢼࣝࢻ࣭ࢲ࣭ࣦ࢕ࣥࢳࡢࠗ஘ὶ࠘㸪໭ᩪࡢࠗ⚄ዉᕝἈᾉ⿬࠘
㸪M࣭C࣭࢚ࢵࢩ࣮ࣕࡢࠗ෇ࡢࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ࡛࠘ぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾࠋ
4. ࠕ1999 ᖺࡢㄽᩥ࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ཧຍ⪅ࡢ 7 ேࡢࡳࡀࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢ࡞࠸⤮⏬ࢆዲࢇࡔࠖ
ṇゎࡣ Tࠋ➨ 5 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕ120 ேࡢཧຍ⪅ࡀ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ࢆ㑅ࡪࡼ࠺ᑜࡡࡽࢀࡿ࡜㸪113 ேࡀࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢຊᙉ࠸⨾ⓗ㨩ຊࢆㄆࡵ࡚㸪ࡑࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀዲࡁࡔ࡜ゝࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

㸰
1.

࢖

be retained
୍ぢ with ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࢆධࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓሙྜ that ⠇ෆࡢືモࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࢝ࢵࢥෆ࡟ධࡿࡢࡣ that ⠇ෆ඲యࡢືモࡀධࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋḟ࡟ essential
࠿ࡽ should ࡜ࡑࡢ┬␎ࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ <It is essential that S (should) V ~> ࠕS ࡀ V㹼ࡍࡿࡢࡀ୙ྍḞࡔࠖ
“It is essential that the critical thinking skills universities provide students with (should) be retained ~.”ࠕ኱Ꮫࡀ⏕ᚐ࡟୚࠼ࡿࢡࣜࢸ࢕࢝ࣝࢩࣥ࢟ࣥࢢᢏ⾡ࡣ㹼⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ2.

࢖

it that man who<It is ே who ~> ࠕ㹼࡞ࡢࡣே࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙉㄪᵓᩥࡢ␲ၥᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
“Was it that man who stopped my son from falling into the swimming pool?”ࠕ⚾ࡢᜥᏊࡀࣉ࣮ࣝ࡟ⴠࡕࡿࡢࢆṆࡵࡓࡢࡣࡑࡢ⏨ᛶࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠖ

3.

࢔

will have been teaching“next March” ࠿ࡽ᫬ไࡣᮍ᮶࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 “for twenty years” ࡜࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ 2 ࡘࡢせᅉ࠿ࡽᚲせ࡞᫬ไࡀᮍ᮶᏶஢㐍⾜ᙧࡔ࡜ศ࠿ࡿࠋ
“Mr. Kawasaki, ~, will have been teaching at the high school for twenty years before retiring next March.”ࠕ㹼㸪࢝࣡ࢧ࢟ඛ⏕ࡣ᮶᭶ࡢ 3 ᭶ࡢ㏥⫋࡛㸪20 ᖺࡑࡢ㧗ᰯ࡛ᩍ࠼ࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠖ

4.

࢖

annoyedas if ⠇ෆ࡛ S’ + be ࡀ┬␎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢሙྜࡢ┬␎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ S’ ࡣᩥࡢ୺ㄒ࡜ྠࡌ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪 “They” ࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟ࡟ annoy ࡢά⏝ᙧࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡀ㸪ேࡢឤ᝟ࢆ⾲ࡍືモࡢࡓࡵ㸪ேࡀ୺ㄒࡢሙྜࡣ㐣ཤศモ࡟ࡍࡿࠋ“They listened with frowns on their faces as if annoyed by my excuses.”ࠕ⚾ࡢゝ࠸ヂ࡟࣒ࢵ࡜ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᙼࡽࡣ㢦ࢆࡋ࠿ࡵ࡚⪺࠸ࡓࠖ5.

࢘

the dirtier஧ࡘࡢࡶࡢࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࡣཎ๎ẚ㍑⣭ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ <the ẚ㍑⣭ of the two> ࠕ2 ࡘࡢ࠺ࡕ㹼࡞᪉ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧࡢ the two ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ the pair ࡀ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
“This coffee mug is the dirtier of the pair because ~.”ࠕ㹼࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ࣌࢔ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࡇࡢࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮࣐ࢢ࢝ࢵࣉࡣở࠸᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠖ

6.

࢚

strengthen<It is ᙧᐜモ to do ~> ࠕ㹼࡞ࡢࡣᙧᐜモ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧᘧ୺ㄒᵓᩥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪┿୺ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚୙ᐃモྃࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ strengthenࠕ㹼ࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ືモࡢཎᙧࢆධࢀࡿࠋ
“~ it’s important to strengthen your core muscles ….”
ࠕ㹼ࢥ࢔࣐ࢵࢫࣝࢆ㘫࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ…ࠖ

7.

࢖shouldᮍ᮶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ௬ᐃ <If S’ should V’ ~, ࿨௧ᩥ …> ࠕ୓୍ S’ࡀ V’㹼ࡍࢀࡤ㸪…ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠖࡢᙧ
࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪᥋⥆モ if ࡀ┬␎ࡉࢀ if ⠇ෆࡀ␲ၥᩥࡢㄒ㡰 <Should S’ V’ ~ , ࿨௧ᩥ … > ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ၥ㢟ᩥ࡛ࡣ᮲௳⠇ࡀᚋࢁ࡟ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
“Please do not hesitate to ask our volunteer assistants should you need any help here at the conference.”
ࠕࡇࡢ఍㆟࡛ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᡭఏ࠸ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㐲៖࡞ࡃ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࡢே࡟㢗ࢇ࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖ

8.

࢘

muchluggage ࡣ୙ྍ⟬ྡモ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆಟ㣭࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ much ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ“~ because they had brought too much luggage.”ࠕᙼࡽࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ከࡃࡢⲴ≀ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛㸪㹼ࠖ

9.

࢚

doing the shopping and cleaning
includes ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࢆධࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ືモࡣືྡモࡢᙧ࡟ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ and ࡛ືྡモࢆ୪ิࡉࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ“~ includes doing the shopping and cleaning the living room.”ࠕ㹼ࡣ㸪㈙࠸≀ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ᒃ㛫ࢆᤲ㝖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠖ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ10. ࢔be forgotten<let O do ~> ࡜࠸࠺౑ᙺືモࡢᙧ࠿ࡽ⿵ㄒࡢ఩⨨࡟ࡣཎᆺ୙ᐃモࡀࡃࡿࡓࡵ㸪 “be forgotten” ࡔ࡜ศ࠿ࡿࠋ<let O not be forgotten> ࠕO ࢆᛀࢀࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࠖ
“Let those who paved the way for us not be forgotten ~.”ࠕᡃࠎ࡟㐨ࢆసࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡓேࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠖ

㸱
1.

࢘

questionࠕ㹼ࢆᑜၥࡍࡿࠖ

= interrogate2.

࢘predictࠕ㹼ࢆண= foresee3.

࢚

precious to meࠕ⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せࠖ

4.

࢔

able to read and write ࠕㄞࡳ᭩ࡁ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ= literate5.

࢚

be forgottenࠕᛀࢀࡽࢀࡿࠖ

= fall into obscurity

6.

࢔

inabilityࠕ↓⬟ࠖ= incompetence7.

࢖

prepareࠕ㹼ࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࠖ

= gear up

8.

࢘

flatterࠕ㹼ࢆ࠾ࡔ࡚ࡿࠖ

= butter upࡍࡿࠖ= the apple of my eye

9.

࢔relevantࠕ㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ

= pertinent10.

࢖renovateࠕ㹼ࢆᨵ⿦ࡍࡿࠖ

= refurbish

㸲
1.

࢚ ࠕࡑࡢᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖ
᭱ึࡢ Captain Lu ࡜ Mission Control ࡜ Eleanor ࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾ࠿ࡽ㸪Ᏹᐂ⟶ไࢭࣥࢱ࣮(MissionControl)࡜ᆅ⌫Ᏹᐂ༤≀㤋(Earth and Space Museum)࡜Ᏹᐂࢫࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ(Station)ࡢᑐヰ࡛ጞࡲࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࡢ 3 ⪅ࡢ༠ຊ࡟ࡼࡾ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡀ㸪1 ࡘ┠ࡢ Captain Lu ࡢᏱᐂ⟶ไࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟ᑐࡍࡿⓎゝ࡟㸪⮬ᕫ⤂௓ࡢせ⣲ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪1 ࡘ┠ࡢ Eleanor ࡢⓎゝ࡛ࡣ “Station, this is Eleanor Piatz, Director of the Earth and Space Museum in the U.K.” ࡜࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ᏹᐂ⟶ไࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡜Ᏹᐂࢫࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣඖࠎ୍య࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⤌⧊࡜ᆅ⌫Ᏹᐂ༤≀㤋ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ2.

࢚ ࠕࡑࡢᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࢟ࣕࣉࢸ࣭࣮ࣥࣝࡀᅜ㝿Ᏹᐂࢫࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆゼࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୺࡞⌮⏤ࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠖ
4 ࡘ┠ࡢ Captain Lu ࡢⓎゝ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ “Being able to grow food in space is the next step in planning
longer space journeys.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕᏱᐂ࡛㣗≀ࢆ᱂ᇵ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡾ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿᏱᐂ᪑⾜ࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢḟࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠖ࡜Ⓨゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ㸪Ᏹᐂ㣕⾜ኈࡀᏱᐂ࡟㛗ᮇ⁫ᅾࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᥈ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡇࡢゼၥࡢ୺࡞⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

3.

࢘ࠕ࢟ࣕࣉࢸ࣭࣮ࣥࣝࡀ “in the blink of an eye” ࡜ゝ࠺ሙྜ㸪ᜍࡽࡃᙼࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝࡜ゝ࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖୗ⥺㒊ࢆྵࡴᩥ(5 ࡘ┠ࡢ Captain Lu ࡢⓎゝ➨ 2 ᩥ)ࡢ๓༙࡟㸪 “Space starts at 100 kilometers abovethe Earth, ~ ”㸪ࡲࡓ 5 ࡘ┠ࡢ Captain Lu ࡢⓎゝ➨ 4 ᩥ๓༙࡟㸪“After just five minutes, we’re in space~ ” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ࠿࡞ࡾ▷᫬㛫࡛Ᏹᐂ࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋୗ⥺㒊ࡢ
“in the blink of an eye” ࡣ㸪ࠕࡲࡤࡓࡁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࠋ

4.

࢔ࠕࡑࡢᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ḟࡢ 200 ࢟ࣟ࡟㣕⾜᫬㛫ࡢ኱㒊ศࢆ㈝ࡸࡍ⌮⏤ࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠖ
5 ࡘ┠ࡢ Captain Lu ࡢⓎゝ➨ 4 ᩥᚋ༙࡟㸪“ ~ we reach 200 kilometers and enter orbit.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ᆅ⌫࠿ࡽ 200 ࡛࢟ࣟ㌶㐨࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ⥆ࡃ➨ 5 ᩥ࡟ “In orbit, we don’t need to fightagainst the pull of gravity, so we no longer use our boosters and slow down”㸪➨ 6 ᩥ࡟ “But we can’trelax because we have to perform very important safety checks right away ~ ” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ㸪Ᏹᐂ㣕⾜ኈࡣ㌶㐨࡟ධࡗࡓᚋࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢆⴠ࡜ࡋ࡚Ᏻ඲ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ5.

࢜ࠕࡑࡢᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡢ᭱୰࡟࡝ࢇ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ࠿ࠖ
5 ࡘ┠ࡢ Eleanor ࡢⓎゝ➨ 4 ᩥ࡟ “ Well, we seem to have lost communication with the space station,~ ” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡢ᭱୰࡟Ᏹᐂࢫࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡢ㏻ಙࡀ㏵⤯࠼ࡓ㸪ࡘࡲࡾఱࡽ࠿ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ㞀ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㞀ᐖࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
6.

࢚ࠕࡑࡢᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣁ࣮ࣇࢱ࢖࣒࡛ࡢᚓⅬࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠖ
1 ࡘ┠ࡢ Gilbert ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “Well, the Spears are just three points ahead of the Comets ~. How the Comets
have managed to score nine points.” ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪the Spears ࡢᚓⅬࡣ 12 Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪the CometsࡢᚓⅬࡣ 9 Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

7.

࢖ ࠕࡑࡢᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣈ࣮ࣝࢫ࡜ࢠࣝࣂ࣮ࢺࡢពぢࡀ㣗࠸㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣఱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠖ2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Mohammad ࡢⓎゝ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ “Bruce, what did you think of the incident during the eleventh
minute when Robert Globe seemed to illegally bring down Wyn Easterland ~.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪Robert Globe ࡜࠸࠺㑅ᡭࡀ௚ࡢ㑅ᡭࢆಽࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ฟ᮶஦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ Bruce ࡢぢゎࢆᑜࡡ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ┤ᚋࡢBruce ࡢⓎゝࡣ “I think the referee got that wrong.” ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡾ㸪ᑂุࡢ Keil ࡣ Globe 㑅ᡭ࡟ࣞࢵࢻ࣮࢝ࢻࢆฟࡍ࡭ࡁࡔࡗࡓ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪⥆ࡃ Gilbert ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟㸪“Idisagree, Bruce.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪Keil ࡢุ᩿ࡣṇࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ2 ேࡢពぢࡀ㣗࠸㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
ࡣ Globe 㑅ᡭࡢࣉ࣮ࣞ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

8.

࢚ࠕࢠࣝࣂ࣮ࢺࡀ “a blessing in disguise.” ࡜ゝ࠺ሙྜ㸪ᜍࡽࡃᙼࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝࡜ゝ࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Gilbert ࡢⓎゝ➨ 4 ᩥ࡟ “~ it seems to have inspired them to strengthen their defense, just as itlooked like the Spears were about to score again.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪7. ࡛ゝཬࡋࡓ Globe 㑅ᡭࡢฟ᮶஦ࢆ⤒࡚㸪the Comets ࡣࢹ࢕ࣇ࢙ࣥࢫࢆᅛࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
“It’s a blessing in disguise.” ࡣ㸪ࠕ⅏࠸㌿ࡌ࡚⚟࡜࡞ࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

9.

࢘ࠕࡑࡢᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࢝࢖ࣝࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝࡛࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ
2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Bruce ࡢⓎゝ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ “I can’t believe Keil didn’t blow his whistle and get out his red card.”ࠕ࢝࢖ࣝࡀ➜ࢆ྿࠸࡚ࣞࢵࢻ࣮࢝ࢻࢆฟࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡀಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪
Keil ࡣᑂุࡔ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

10. ࢔ ࠕࡑࡢᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࣮࣒࣎ࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢫ࣑ࢫࢆᢤࡁཤࡗ࡚ᚓⅬࢆỴࡵࡿࠖ
3 ࡘ┠ࡢ Bruce ࡢⓎゝ➨ 5 ᩥᚋ༙࡟ “ ~ but he runs so fast he unexpectedly trips.”㸪⥆ࡃ➨ 6 ᩥ࡟“This seems to confuse the last defender, Smith, who stumbles himself and can only watch as Baum scores.”࡜࠶ࡾ㸪࣮࣒࣎ࡣᛮࢃࡎࡘࡲࡎ࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࢫ࣑ࢫࢆΰ஘ࡉࡏ㸪࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ᚓⅬ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ㸳ၥ1 ࢔ࠕ໭⡿࡜࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㟁ಙ࡟ࡼࡿ㐃⤡ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࣈࣝᩜタ஦ᴗࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ3 ࡛ 1858 ᖺ࡟ྐୖ᭱኱ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࡢ୍ࡘࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ࡜ࡋࡓᚋ㸪ࡑࡢᡂᯝࡢෆᐜࢆࡲࡎఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ࠿࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚┤᥋ⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 2 ࢆ⨨ࡃࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕࡑࡢᖺࡢኟ㸦1858 ᖺࡢኟ㸧ᅄ㞘ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢᾏ㌷ࡢ㌷Ⰴࡀ኱すὒࡢᾏᗋ࡟⣙ 3,200 ࢟ࣟࡢࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࢆᩜ࠸ࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ, ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ఱࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࠿ࢆࡉࡽ࡟ලయⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 1 ࢆ⨨ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡜࢝ࢼࢲࢆຍ࠼࡚㸪ࡇࡢࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡜໭⡿ࡢ㟁ಙ࡟ࡼࡿ㐃⤡ࢆึࡵ࡚ྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪㟁ಙ࡜࠸࠺ᢏ⾡ࡀ㏻ಙ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࢀࡔࡅࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓ࠿ࢆ㏙࡭ࡿ 4 ࢆ⨨ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ࠕᐇ㝿㸪⯪࡛ᾏࢆΏࡿࡢ࡟ 10 ᪥࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㏻ಙෆᐜࡀ㸪௒ࡸᩘศ࡛Ώࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ᆅ⌫つᶍࡢ㏻ಙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪂᫬௦ࡢᖥ㛤ࡅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜⥾ࡵࡃࡃࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪3 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 4 ࡀṇゎࠋၥ 2 ࢚ ࠕ19 ୡ⣖࡟ಙࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㦵┦Ꮫࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ2 ࡛ࡲࡎ㸪19 ୡ⣖࡟ࠕ㦵┦Ꮫࠖ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡀὶ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ19 ୡ⣖࡟㸪࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢఱⓒ୓ࡢேࠎࡀே㛫ࡢ⾜ືࡀࠗ㦵┦Ꮫ࠘࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⛉Ꮫⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀணࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪㦵┦Ꮫ࡜ࡣఱ࡞ࡢ࠿ࢆලయⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ 3 ࢆḟ࡟⨨ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ3 ࡢ “thispractice” ࡀ phrenology ࡢゝ࠸᥮࠼࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕࡇࡢ័⾜࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ࡸࡉࡋࡉࡸៅ㔜ࡉࡸ㸪ሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪㡢ᴦࡢ⬟ຊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓಶேⓗᛶ㉁ࡀேࡢ㢌ࡢᙧ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚࡝࠺࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡀὶᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࢆグࡋࡓ 4 ࢆḟ࡟⨨ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
4 ࡢ thus ࡣ㸪3 ࡢෆᐜࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᣦඛ࡛ேࡢ㢌ࡢ࡬ࡇࡳࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠗ㦵┦Ꮫ⪅࠘ࡣࡑࡢேࡢᛶ᱁ࢆࠗㄞࡳྲྀࡿ࠘ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ࡇҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ㦵┦Ꮫࠖࡢ⪃࠼࡟⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞᰿ᣐࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀ 21 ୡ⣖࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ
᪨ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ 1 ࢆ᭱ᚋ࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠕ㦫ࡃ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜࡟㸪21 ୡ⣖࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㸪㢌ࡢᙧ࡜ᛶ᱁ࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ಙࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㛵ಀࡀ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡟ࡣㄗࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ド᫂ࡉࢀࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡼࡗ࡚㸪2 Ѝ 3 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 1 ࡀṇゎࠋ
ၥ 3 ࢘ ࠕࢢࣥ࢝ࣥࢻࣜࡀ㛗㊥㞳ࢆఇࡳ࡞ࡃ㣕⾜࡛ࡁࡿ⌮⏤ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋෑ㢌࡟ 2 ࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚㸪ࠕࢢࣥ࢝ࣥࢻࣜࡣ㸪୍ᗘࡶ╔Ỉࡸ╔ᆅࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ୍ᗘ࡟ 2 ࠿᭶ࡶᾏࢆ㣕ࢇ࡛ࢃࡓࡿࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ1 ࡣ㸪ࢢࣥ࢝ࣥࢻࣜࡀ㛗᫬㛫㣕⾜࡛ࡁࡿ௙⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅࡑࡢ⩚࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽ㸪2 ࡢᚋ࡟⨨ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࠗW࠘ࡢᙧࡢࢢࣥ࢝ࣥࢻࣜࡢ⩼ࡀ㸪ࢢࣥ࢝ࣥࢻࣜࡀẼὶ࡟ࡢࡗ࡚ࡑࡢࡲࡲ㐍ࢇ࡛㸪⩼ࢆ⩚ࡤࡓ࠿ࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃఱ᫬㛫ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣఱ᪥㛫ࡶ㣕ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢᚋ࡛㸪ὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁࡣ㸪3 ࡢ “these short naps”࡛࠶ࡿࠋtheseࡀཷࡅࡿෆᐜࡀᙜ↛ࡑࡢ๓࡟࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚᥈ࡍ࡜㸪4 ࡢ “taking 10-second naps” ࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡿࠋࡼ
ࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽ㸪4 Ѝ 3 ࡢ㡰࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪4 ࡢ “This, in turn, enables them to sleep in the air”
ࡢ this ࡢᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡀ㸪1 ࡛᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⩼ࢆ⩚ࡤࡓ࠿ࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ㛗᫬㛫㣕⾜ࢆ⥆ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪2 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 3 ࡀṇゎ࡜࡞ࡿࠋၥ 4 ࢔ ࠕྠ൉ࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ㈹ཷ㈹ࡢ㝜࡟㞃ࢀࡓ୰ᅜேᏛ⪅ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋࡲࡎ 4 ࡛࿋೺㞝࡜࠸࠺୰ᅜ⏕ࡲࢀࡢዪᛶᏛ⪅ࡀ㸪Ώ⡿ࡋࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔኱Ꮫ࡛≀⌮Ꮫࡢṇᩍᤵ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᪨ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪ᙼዪࡀྠ൉ࡢồࡵ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ᪨ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 2 ࢆࡑࡢḟ࡟⨨ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪2 ࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ 1 ࡀ⥆ࡃࠋ3 ࡢ “this major achievement” ࡣ㸪1 ࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿෆᐜࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪 1 Ѝ 3 ࡢ㡰࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪4 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 3 ࡀ
ṇゎࠋ
㸴
(1) ࢔

✵ᡤ(1)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ2018 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㸪Hangrove ᗑࡣᐊෆ⿦㣭ရࡢ᪂ၟရࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ 2018 ᖺ㸪2019 ᖺ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࡇࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸦= home decor㸧ࡢᗈ࿌㈝ᨭฟࡣࡑࡢᗈ
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࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪2019 ᖺࡣ 2018 ᖺ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㸪ண⟬⥲㢠࡟࠾ࡅࡿṧࡾ 3 ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀ࡟๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡿ๭ྜࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ෇ࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪clothing ࡔࡅࡀ 2018 ᖺ࡟ẚ࡭
࡚ 2019 ᖺࡢ᪉ࡀண⟬⥲㢠ࡢ๭ྜࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ clothing ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ(3) ࢚✵ᡤ(3)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕᲬࢢࣛࣇ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪2019 ᖺ࡛ࡣ 2018 ᖺ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㣗ᩱရࡢ 4 ࡘࡢࢧࣈ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢ඲࡚࡛㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢண⟬ࡀᗈ࿌࡟㈝ࡸࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ఙ
ࡧࡣ(3)ࡢࢧࣈ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮࡛ࣜぢࡽࢀࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᲬࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ୖ᪼ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣ Dairy ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡀṇゎ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ(4) ࢘✵ᡤ(4)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕ㣗ᩱရࡢࢧࣈ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢ୰࡛၏୍᭷ព࡟ୖ᪼ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣ↝ࡁⳫᏊ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᨭฟࡣ୧ᖺ࡜ࡶ(4)ⓒ୓ࢻࣝ๓ᚋ࡛᥎⛣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᲬࢢ

ࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪“Baked Goods” ࡢᨭฟࡣ࡯ࡰ 6 ⓒ୓ࢻࣝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾ㸪six ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸵
(1)“However, most major scientific journals are disseminated in English, ~”ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ୺せ࡞⛉Ꮫ㞧ㄅࡣⱥㄒ࡛᭩࠿ࢀᗈࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
disseminate ࡣࠕ㹼ࢆࡤࡽࡲࡃ㸪ᗈࡵࡿࠖ“~, meaning that those in other languages fail to reach a wider audience and their findings are ignored in theinternational arena.”ࠕࡘࡲࡾ㸪௚ゝㄒ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓ㞧ㄅࡣࡼࡾᗈ⠊࡞ㄞ⪅ࡢ┠࡟ࡣᒆ࠸࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࡢ◊✲⤖ᯝࡣᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡢሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㢳ࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ
those in other languages ࡣࠕ௚ࡢ㸦ⱥㄒ௨እࡢ㸧ゝㄒ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓ⛉Ꮫ㞧ㄅࠖ<meaning that ~> ࡣࠕࡘࡲࡾ㹼㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㹼ࠖ
a wider audience ࡣࠕࡼࡾᗈ⠊࡞ᆅᇦࡢㄞ⪅ࠖfindings ࡣࠕ◊✲⤖ᯝ㸪ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࠖan arena ࡣࠕ㆟ㄽࡸ➇தࡢሙ㸪άືࡢ⯙ྎࠖ

(2)“As a result, many rare animal species and isolated indigenous cultures that are in danger of extinction havebeen inefficiently described in English-language studies.”ࠕࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ኻࢃࢀࡿ༴㝤ࡢ࠶ࡿ㸪ከࡃࡢᕼᑡ✀ࡢື≀ࡸ⌋ࡋ࠸ᅛ᭷ࡢᩥ໬ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒ࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡿ◊✲ࡢ࡞࠿࡛㸪༑ศ࡟ࡣ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚ࡣࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ
indigenous ࡣࠕࡑࡢᅵᆅࡸᅜ࡟ᅛ᭷ࡢࠖthat ⠇ࡀಟ㣭ࡍࡿᑐ㇟ࡣ many rare animal species and isolated indigenous culturesa study ࡣࠕ◊✲㸪ㄪᰝࠖ㸶(1) ࠕ㦫ࡃ࡭ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࠖsurprisingly / amazingly / to our surprise ࡞࡝ࠋࠕග⥺ࠖa ray (of light) / a beam (of light) / light㸦4 ⾜┠㸧࡞࡝ࠋࠕ㹼ࢆศゎࡍࡿࠖ

decompose / break down ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ໬ྜ≀ࠖa compound / a chemical compound ࡞࡝ࠋ(2) ࠕ➽᭩ࡁࠖa scenario / a story㸦2 ⾜┠㸧࡞࡝ࠋࠕᐇ㦂ᐊࠖa laboratory / a lab ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ⏕≀ࠖa creature / a living thing / a form of life / an organism㸦1 ⾜┠㸧࡞࡝ࠋ

ࠕ㏨ࡆࡔࡍࠖ

run away / escape / break loose ࡞࡝ࠋࠕᆅ⌫ࠖthe earth / the Earth ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ㹼ࢆ࠾ࡧࡸ࠿ࡍࠖ

threaten / endanger / become a threat to / become a danger to ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ⌧ᐇ࡛ࡣࠖin real life / in the real world ࡞࡝ࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨㅮホ㸯㹙㛗ᩥෆᐜ୍⮴㹛 㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ⮬↛⏺࡜ⱁ⾡సရ࡟ぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋタၥ࡟≉࡟㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ㄒᙡ࡜⫼ᬒ▱㆑࡛ᕪࡀࡘࡃࠋ㸰㹙ᩥἲᅄᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧඾ᆺⓗ࡞ฟ㢟ෆᐜ࡛㸪ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜Ꮫ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᚓⅬࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ㸱㹙ྠ⩏ㄒ㑅ᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧㞴ࡋ࠸༢ㄒࡣ࡞ࡃṇゎࢆ㑅ࡧࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ▱ࡽ࡞࠸༢ㄒࡶ㸪ᩥ⬦࠿ࡽ㑅ᢥྍ⬟ࠋ㸲㹙఍ヰ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧๓༙ࡣࠕᏱᐂࢫࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ᆅୖ࡜ࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ఍ヰࠖࠋᚋ༙ࡣࠕࣛࢢࣅ࣮ࡢヨྜෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ఍ヰࠖࠋྛタၥࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣṇㄗࡢุ᩿ࢆࡘࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪୰࡟ࡣุ᩿ࡋࡀࡓ࠸タၥࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ㸳㹙ᩥᩚᗎ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ඛ㢌࡟᮶ࡿࡶࡢࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᣦ♧ㄒࡸ௦ྡモࢆุ᩿ᇶ‽࡟ࡋ࡚⟅࠼ࢆ㸴㹙ᅗ࣭ࢢࣛࣇ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆṇ☜࡟ㄞࡳྲྀࡿຊࢆヨࡍၥ㢟ࡔࡀ㸪≉࡟㞴ࡋࡉࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㸵㹙࿴ヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ฟࡏࡿタၥࡀከ࠸ࠋࠕ⛉Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿゝㄒ㞀ቨࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ୍㒊㞴ࡋ࠸༢ㄒࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࡀ㸪඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᵓ㐀㏻ࡾ⣲┤࡟ヂࡏࡿࠋ㸶㹙ⱥヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕࢩࣥࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥࢆ⏝࠸㸪ࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡࢆศゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㓝⣲ࡢാࡁࢆຍ㏿ࡉࡏࡿ◊✲ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋᩥ❶ෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ୗ⥺㒊ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࡢព࿡ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ኱ၥᵓᡂ㸪ၥ㢟㔞ཬࡧ㞴᫆ᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ౛ᖺ୪ࡳࠋ┠ᶆࡣ 70%

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