COMMISSION D: ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS
Edited by Masayuki Izutsu and Masahiro Tsuchiya
Since the fields of Electronics and Photonics include too many technological areas for us tocover every detail of their research subjects, we focus ourselves into the following
representatives. Indeed, these are the subjects studied by Japanese research groups actively inthe last three years, and you may be able to overview related progresses. The following
reports are written by some Japanese world-leading researchers in respective research areas.
D1 Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers
K. Iga JSPS / Kogakuin University
D2 Optical Devices for Optical Fiber Networks
M. Kawachi
NTT
D3 Femtosecond Technology
O. Wada FESTA / Kobe University
D4 Ultrafast Phenomena
T. Kobayashi
University of Tokyo
D5 THz Technology
H. ItoTohoku University
D6 Sensing Photonics
K. Hotate University of Tokyo
D7 Systems Photonics
T. Korokawa
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
H. Sasaki Oki Electric
D8 Microwave Photonics
M. Tsuchiya
University of Tokyo
References D1 - D8
D1.Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers
Extensive studies and realization trials have been made on high performance vertical cavity
surface emitting laser (VCSEL), which was invented by the author in 1977 at Tokyo Institute ofTechnology. It is a semiconductor laser which can be monolithically fabricated andconsidered as a promising candidate for Gigabit Ethernet, high speed LANs, computer links,
optical interconnects, and so on. What have been achieved by the author's group regarding
the technical progress of devices range from infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths. The
expansion of operating spectra was made by developing advanced materials and fabrication
technologies. For instance, a GaInNAs VCSEL device was demonstrated by the author's
group, which can be formed on a GaAs substrate and can emit 1300nm band laser light. It hascontributed to the wavelength coverage extension of VCSEL to longer wavelength regions.
Also, a polarization controlled VCSEL was realized by using (311)B substrates. This is
another development made by the author's group. It was found that this device is almost
insensitive to temperature variation, which is highly advantageous for network applications ofdiode lasers. In conjunction with those VCSEL related technical progresses, a newtechnology for optical communication components has been proposed by the author's group,
which is based on a planar microlens array. The device was also invented by the author and1has been shown to be a promising candidate for effective packaging technology.
Related references are listed in Reference D1.
(Kenichi Iga)
D2.Optical Devices for Optical Fiber Networks
NTT Network Innovation Laboratories is one of the major Japanese research centers for opticaldevice studies for their uses in optical fiber networks. It is affiliated with the NTT Science
and Core Technology Laboratory Group, one of NTT’s three laboratory groups. The missionof NTT Network Innovation Laboratories, with a five-year and a ten-year outlook, focuses on
the followings:
1. Creating innovative services as well as the network concepts that will support these
services.
2. Providing the new network core technologies required to win out in businesscompetition.
3. Being a leading force in the field of innovative, core technologies.
Their details are available in the references listed in Reference D2.
(Masao Kawachi)
D3. Femtosecond Technology
In 1995, a technological consortium named FemtoSecond Technology Association (FESTA)
was established in the Tsukuba area and also in the related company laboratories, whereworld-leading research and development activities for ultrafast all-optical devices have been
performed intensively for the application to future ultrahigh throughput opticaltelecommunication systems. In addition, fiber-optic transmission of femtosecond laser pulses,
photonic microstructures, and X-ray femtosecond techniques have been investigated in the
FESTA Laboratories. The FESTA Laboratories have been operated under a governmental MITI
(Ministry of International Trades and Industries) project on Femtosecond Technology, where
the author’s group has focused ourselves into the all-optical device researches. There,
world-leading development attempts have been made for advanced all-optical switching
devices, and several interesting results have been obtained up to date. They include (a)implementation of femtosecond all-optical switches using intersubband transitions in Sb-basedand GaN-based QWs, (b) a 1 Tb/s all-optical demultiplexing demonstration with Sb-based
prototype devices utilized, (c) picosecond-response optical amplifiers with quantum dot laser
amplifier structures, which also can act as wavelength converters based on the four-wave
mixing phenomenon, and (d) sub 100 fs all optical switches with organic thin film (squaryliumdye) together with the demonstration of serial to parallel signal conversion to 1 Tb/s bit rate
signals.
In 2001, the author moved to the Kobe University and started related works on III-V
semiconductor materials and their optoelectronic device applications. In our laboratory at
Kobe, we focus on, for example, investigation on formation mechanism of quantum dots inmolecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth and limit of response speed in quantum dot devices.
Related references are listed in Reference D3.
(Osamu Wada)
D4.Ultrafast Phenomena
2

Development of ultrashort pulse lasers
In the last 30 years, the generation of extremely short optical pulses has always
been recognized as one of the most vital frontiers of science. Generation of shortest
4.7 - fs visible pulses by noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) was
demonstrated by the author’s group: World shortest pulses in the visible
wavelength range was obtained by two sets of carefully designed chirped mirrors
and a prism pair. Sub-5-fs real-time spectroscopy systems have been constructed on
the basis of this pulse source.
i) Solitons in polyacetlenes:
Time dependent frequencies of carbon-carbon stretching modes were for the firsttime measured by using the sub-5-fs pulses. This phenomenon is explained by theformation of breather, the bound state of the charged soliton pair, which had beentheoretically predicted but has not been found.
ii) Novel vibrational dynamic behaviers in molecules:
Excitation- induced modulation of vibrational frequency and amplitude in dye
molecules was studied by using the sub-5-fs pulses. The frequency and amplitude
modulations of the ring-breathing mode of cresyl violet doped in poly (vinyl
alcohol) film were clearly observed, indicating that the mode is coupled to anothervibrational mode. The mode coupling represents the Duschinsky effect.
iii) Dye molecules:
Dynamics of C--N stretching mode and N=N stretching mode of azobenzene
dimethyl sulfoxide solution was investigated by using the sub-5-fs pulses. The
vibrational spectra during the photo- isomerization reaction was observed
successfully for the first time.
iv) Dynamic intensity borrowing in J-aggregates:
Sub-5-fs spectroscopy of phorphyrin J-aggrega tes has lead to a new discovery,
which reveals a coherent molecular vibration coupled to the Frenkel exciton. The
bleaching and induced absorption signals show synchronous oscillations with thefrequency of 244-cm-1 . The coherent oscillation is explained by a modulatedtransition dipole moment, which is due to dynamic intensity borrowing from anintense B-transition to a weak Q-transition through the ruffling mode with the244~cm-1 frequency.
v) Quasi-one -dimensional halogen-bridged mixed-valence metal complex:
Ultrafast optical response has been extensively studied in Pt(en)2 Pt(en)_2 I2 ClO 4 4with the sub-5-fs time-resolution. The followings are new findings. Wave packet
motions both in ground and self-trapped exciton (STE) states are observed as
oscillatory modulations in the time-resolved reflectivity. The wave packet motion
on the STE potential surface begins after about 50-fs with respect to the3photoexcitaion. This delay is attributed to the lattice relaxation from the free
exciton state to the STE state.
Development of new measurement systemi)Multiplex method for nonlinear susceptibility spectrum measurement:
Continuous spectrum of nonlinear susceptibility can be measured by a single shotin this system. Convolution term and chirp effect were calculated and quantified.
ii)Mid-infrared time -resolved spectroscopy apparatus :Ultrashort pulse laser in mid IR was constructed by optical parametric amplifier.
The spectrum region was 5µm - 10µm. Dynamics of Carbon-Carbon stretchingmode in excited state of polydiacetylenes was investigated by using the system.
iii)Scanning near-field optical microscope(SNOM):
In order to observe an optical nonlinearity property of a single J-aggregate, a
SNOM has been constructed. Both fluorescent and absorption spectra aresuccessfully observed with a special resolution higher than 100 nm at room
temperature and liquid helium temperature.
Quantum optics and teleportationi)Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG):
Second-harmonic-generation FROG (SHG FROG) and cross-correla tion
FROG (XFROG) have been used as a characterization method of pulses
propagating through an optical medium. Time variations of intensity and phase ofultrashort pulses transmitting through a Nd+3 -doped glass plate were measured byusing these techniques.
ii)Quantum teleportation and quantum information:
The goal of our research is to achieve more than 0.58 fidelity which is thecurrent limit of accuracy in quantum teleportation. Detection system of quantum
noise and optical parametric oscillator were constructed.
Related references are listed in Reference D4.
(Takayoshi Kobayashi)
D5.THz Technology
The THz-wave (very far-infrared) region has attracted significant interest in recent years. The
generation of THz radiation by optical rectification or photo-conductive switching has been
extensively studied by using femto-second laser pulses. Applied research, such as time
domain spectroscopy (TDS), makes use of the high time resolution of THz-waves and ultra
broad bandwidth up to the THz region. In contrast, our research focuses on the developmentof tunable THz-wave sources with high temporal and spatial coherence. Specifically, widely
4tunable coherent sources have a wide range of applications, such as in material science, solidstate physics, molecular analysis, atmospheric research, bioscience, chemistry, gas tracing,material testing, food inspection, etc. Tunable sources already exist in the sub-THz (several
hundreds GHz) frequency region, such as a backward-wave-oscillator (BWO). However, awidely tunable THz-wave source has long been desired in the frequency region above 1 THz,
where the tuning capability of a BWO rapidly decreases. Several candidate schemes havebeen reported, although they do not avoid one or more of the following problems: large size,
operational difficulty, liquid He requirement, and low output power. A compact user-friendly
source will inevitably find many applications in laboratory-based research, or evencommercially.
Several decades ago, it was pointed out that far-infrared or THz-wave generation could be
realized by using the lattice vibrations in semiconductors. We have researched a THz-wave
parametric oscillator (TPO) and THz-wave parametric generator (TPG) based on the polariton
mode scattering of LiNbO3 or MgO: LiNbO3 crystals. The TPO has proved to be a usefulcoherent THz-wave source that operates at room temperature. It is continuously tunable in the100- to 300-mm (1- to 3-THz) range in one operation and can emit peak powers of up to
several tenths of a milli-Watt. The difference between a TPO and a TPG is that the former has
an idler cavity while the latter does not. The THz-wave linewidth of a conventional TPG
exceeds 500 GHz and the THz-wave output is much smaller than that from a TPO. Therefore,
we concentrated our efforts on the development of a TPO system, although its linewidth wasseveral tens of GHz.
The TPG spectrum was narrowed to the Fourier transform limit of the pulsewidth byintroducing an injection seeding to the idler. The purity of the THz-wave frequency was
dramatically improved to ∆ν/ν < 10-4. Simultaneously, the output obtained was several
hundred times higher than that of a conventional TPG. In addition, wide tunability and fineresolution were demonstrated using a tunable seeder. As far as we know, injection seeding to
ns optical parametric generators (OPG) has not been reported until recently, due to the limit ofparametric gain.
Related references are listed in Reference D5.
(Hiromasa Ito)
D6.Sensing Photonics
Fiber optic distributed sensing techniques have been extensively studied, which have provided
schemes to measure, for example, distribution of longitudinal strain or lateral force along an
optical fiber. In these systems, the fiber can act as a nerve network to sense damages ofmaterials or structures in which the fiber is embedded. These techniques are the key to realize“smart materials” and “smart structures” for improving reliability, safety and security of thesociety.
Some representatives are described in the followings.
A novel technique for fiber-optic strain-distribution sensing has been proposed and studied
based on the Brillouin scattering in a fiber. A down-shifted frequency of the Brillouinscattering is changed in proportion to the applied longitudinal strain. The pump and provelightwaves, propagating in the fiber in opposite directions with each other, are modulated infrequency, which realizes localized excitation of the stimulated Brillouin scattering. By this“correlation-based continuous-wave technique,” a spatial resolution of 1.0 cm has been
demonstrated. This is 100 times higher than the inherent limitation of conventional pulsed
lightwave techniques. Smart materials with enough spatial resolution have been realized with5

this technique. An international conference report (K. Hotate et al., Intern. Conf. on OpticalFiber Sensors, Venice, Oct. 2000) on this technique was evaluated as the best paper there in.
Interference characteristics in an interferometer can arbitrarily be synthesized by a technique,“synthesis of optical coherence function,” which has been invented by Japanese researchers.
On the basis of this technique, the fiber optic distributed force sensing has been proposed andstudied. The sensing mechanism is based on the polarization mode coupling, due to the force,in a polarization maintaining fiber. Propagation speed difference between the two polarization
modes is used to resolve the force-applied position.
Introducing a SSG-DBR(super-structured grating-distributed Bragg reflector) laser diode as a light source, which hasquite a wide frequency-tunability, the spatial resolution has been improved to be about 2m.
Additionally, a way to overcome the sensitivity instability of the polarization maintaining fiber
as the lateral force sensor has successfully been developed.
Techniques for diagnosing fiber optic subscriber networks have also been studied also using“synthesis of optical coherent function”. We must measure the reflectivity distribution aroundthe optical elements, which locate at the end of the network beyond a 5km length optical fiber,with cm order spatial resolution. A system with 6cm resolution for this purpose has alreadybeen developed. Such a high resolution have not been realized by other ways.
Utilizing the technique, “synthesis of optical coherence function,” a scheme to control thecharacteristics and the location of a dynamic grating in an Er-doped fiber due to its gain
saturation has also been proposed, and various filter characteristics have been demonstrated.
Recently, it has been found that the spatial phase of the dynamic grating can also be controlled,which realizes a filter with a notch at the center frequency of the reflection band. Basicexperiment has successfully been done to verify the proposal.
Related references are listed in Reference D6.
(Kazuo Hotate)
D7.Systems Photonics
Systems photonics on optical signal processing, optical image processing, digital holography,
and optical interconnections have been intensively studied in Japan. The technologies are
aimed at the futuristic versatile optics-based systems using the advanced optoelectronic devices
and components.
Related research activities are summarized as follows;(1) Ultrafast Optical signal processing(2) Optical interconnections(3) Optical sensing(4) Digital holography(5) Optical functional devices(6) Optical image processing(7) Optical powering systems
As one of the representative research attempts, the following subject is described here in moredetails. Inter-chip free-space optical interconnection modules have been investigatedintensively. This is aimed at solving the pin-I/O bottleneck problem at the interfaces of silicon
integrated circuits. The scalability of the photonic circuit is theoretically analyzed by taking
account of the minimum feature size requirement of each diffractive optical element used in theconnection. The study showed that interconnection densities of 1000 to 2000 channels / cm ispossibly available for a 40 mm interconnection length over a 3-mm-thick optical substrate.
6Diffraction-limited imaging capability has been demonstrated by using a fabricated proto-type,which have shown clearly its applicability to inter-chip free-space interconnections. Photonic
circuit insertion losses of -23.4 dB for TE polarization and -25.9 dB for TM polarization as
well as a polarization dependent loss of 2.5 dB are found to be primarily caused by a pair ofbinary linear gratings used for beam deflections. Design modifications aimed at insertion loss
reduction and further improvement of the tolerance are also discussed.
Their details are described in references in Reference D7.
(Takashi Kurokawa and Hironori Sasaki)
D8.Microwave Photonics
As well known, the fiber-optic communications technologies have made tremendous progresses
in the last decade. It is no doubt that the long distance communications are and will bedominated by the fiber-optic transmission techniques. As a consequence of the trend and it’s
extension, the technologies have been brought from the standard long distance point-to-point
communications through the large and small size multi-points-to-multi-points networking
systems into the new area: the user access systems. On the other hand, the mobile telephone
is another recent huge technological innovation of telecommunications, which has been aimed
at convenience mainly for many end users. One of the biggest related topics in Japan is,indeed, the start of the third generation mobile phone service in October 2001, which was theearliest in the world. The general trends of the mobile phone developments are now focused
into the broadband nature as in the case of the third generation service.
It is rather clear that these two major telecommunication technologies are getting closer: thebroadband fiber-optic communications technologies have attempted to approach end users andthe end-user-friendly mobile telephone services have started seeking for the broadband
properties. What is expected to happen technically where those two streams meet each other?
One fairly likely situation is effective merge of the two technologies. The field of Microwave
Photonics stands on this idea, in which the interdisciplinary research activities have been
performed. Indeed, many radio-on-fiber systems have been constructed in subway systems,
large brides, submarine tunnels, and hotels in Japan. It is also notable that techniques in thisinterdisciplinary research field have been extended their possible application frontiers to highfrequency electromagnetic field measurements and high-density wavelength divisionmultiplexed fiber-optic communications.
The related papers of the author’s group can be found in Reference D8.
(Masahiro Tsuchiya)
References
D1.
Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers
Amano, T., F. Koyama, N. Furukawa, N. Nishiyama, A. Matsutani and K. Iga[2000a],“Micromachined AlGaAs/GaAs vertical cavity filter with adjustable temperature dependence
and wavelength trimming ability”, Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 74-76
Amano, T., F. Koyama, N. Nishiyama and K. Iga[2000b], “Temperature-insensitive
micromachined AlGaAs -GaAs vertical cavity filter”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no.
5, pp. 510-512

7Amano, T., F. Koyama, N. Nishiyama and K. Iga[2000c], “2×2 multiwavelength
micromachined AlGaAs/GaAs vertical cavity filter array with wavelength control layer”, Jpn. J.
Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 7A, pp. L673-L674
Aoki, Y., T. Kato, R. J. Mizuno and K. Iga[1999], “Micro-optical bench for alignment-free
optical coupling”, Appl. Opt., vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 963-965
Aoki, Y., Y. Shimada, R. J. Mizuno and K. Iga[2000a], “Two-dimensional alignment-free
optical interconnect using micro optical bench scheme”, Optical Review, vol. 7, no. 1, pp.
54-57
Aoki, Y., R. J. Mizuno, Y. Shimada and K. Iga[2000b], “Fundamental study of parallel
moduling scheme based on micro-optical bench and collimating planar microlenses”, Jpn. J.
Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 3B, pp. 1529-1532
Aoki, Y., Y. Shimada and K. Iga[2000c], “Collimation characteristics of planar microlens forparallel optical interconnect”, Optical Review, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 483-485
Arai, M., N. Nishiyama, S. Shinada, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000a], “AlAs oxidation systemwith H2O vaporizer for oxide-confined surface emitting lasers”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no.
6A, pp. 3468-3469
Arai, M., N. Nishiyama, S. Shinada, A. Matsutani, F. Koyama, and K. Iga[2000b],“Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array on GaAs(311)B substrate exhibiting
single-transverse mode and stable-polarization operation”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 6B,
pp. L588-L590
Arai, M., N. Nishiyama, S. Shinada, A. Matsutani, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000c], “Highly
stable single polarization operation of GaInAs/GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser on
GaAs (311)B substrate under high-speed modulation”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 8B, pp.
L858-L860
Ariga, M., Y. Sekido, A. Sakai, T. Baba, A. Matsutani, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000], “Lowthreshold GaInAsP lasers with semiconductor/air distributed Bragg reflector fabricated byinductively coupled plasma etching”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 6A, pp. 3406-3409
Baba, T., K. Inoshita, H. Tanaka, J. Yonekura, M. Ariga, A. Matsutani, T. Miyamoto, F.
Koyama and K. Iga[1999], “Strong enhancement of light extraction efficiency in GaInAsP
2-D-arranged microcolumns”, IEEE J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 2113-2120
Chen, Z., D. Schlenker, T. Miyamoto, T. Kondo, M. Kawaguchi, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999],“High temperature characteristics of near 1.2µm InGaAs/AlGaAs lasers”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.,vol. 38, no. 10B, pp. L1178-L1179
Hatori,N., A. Mizutani, N. Nishiyama, F. Motomura, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999], “P-type
delta-doped InGaAs/GaAs quantum well vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers”, Electronics
and Communications in Japan, vol. 82 Pt. 2, no. 4, pp. 54-60

8

Honda, T., T. Miyamoto, T. Sakaguchi, H. Kawanishi, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1998a], “Effect of
piezo electric field on emission characteristics GaN/AlGaN quantum wells”, J. Crystal Growth,
vol. 180/190, pp. 644-647
Honda, T., A. Inoue, M. Mori, T. Shirasawa, N. Mochida, K. Saotome, T. Sakaguchi, A.
Ohtomo, M. Kawasaki, H. Koinuma, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1998b], “GaN growth on ozonizedsapphire(0001) substrates by MOVPE” ,J.Crystal Growth, vol. 195, pp. 319-322
Honda, T., H. Kawanishi, T. Sakaguchi, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999], “Characteristic
temperature estimation for GaN-Based lasers”, MRS Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res., vol.
4S1, G6.2
Iga K.[1999], “Surface emitting lasers” ,Electronics and Communications in Japan, vol. 82 Pt.
2, no. 10, pp. 70-82
Iga, K[2000], “Surface emitting laser-its birth and generation of new optoelectronics field”,
IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1201-1215
Irikawa, M., T. Ishikawa, Y. Sasaki, K. Iwasawa, I. Suemune and K. Iga [1998], “Some effectsof conduction band nonparabolicity on electron reflection spectrum of multiquantum barriers”,
J. Appl. Phys., vol. 84, no. 9, pp.4667-4672
Irikawa, M., T. Ishikawa, T. Fukushima, H. Shimizu, A. Kasukawa and K. Iga[2000],“Improved theory for carrier leakage and diffusion in multiquantum-well semiconductor lasers”,
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 4A, pp. 1730-1737
Kageyama, T., T. Miyamoto, S. Makino, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999], “Thermal annealing of
GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells grown by chemical beam epitaxy and its effect upon
photoluminescence”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, no. 3B, pp. L298-L300
Kageyama, T., T. Miyamoto, S. Makino, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000a], “High-temperature
operation up to 170 °C of GaInNAs -GaAs quantum-well lasers grown by chemical beam
epitaxy”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 1,pp. 10-12
Kageyama, T., T. Miyamoto, S. Makino, F. Koyama and K Iga[2000b], “Optical quality of
GaNAs and GaInNAs and its dependence on RF cell condition in chemical beam epitaxy”, J.
Crystal Growth, vol. 209, pp. 350-354
Katayama, T., Y. Munetaka and K. Iga[1999], "Improvement of electric -field-assisted ion
exchange method for planar microlens array fabrication", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, no. 2A,
pp. 775-776
Katayama, T., T. Takahashi and K. Iga[2000], “Optical pattern recognition experiments ofWalsh spatial frequency domain filtering method”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 3B, pp.
1576-1581
Kawaguchi, M., E. Gouardes, D. Schlenker, T. Kondo, T. Miyamoto, F. Koyama and K.
9Iga[2000a], “Low threshold current density operation of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well lasers
grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition”, Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 21, pp.
1776-1777
Kawaguchi, M., T. Miyamoto, E. Gouardes, D. Schlenker, T. Kondo, Fumio Koyama and K.
Iga[2000b], “Optical quality dependence on growth rate for metalorganic chemical vapor
deposition grown GaInNAs/GaAs”, Jpn. J. Appl.Phys., vol. 39, no. 12A, pp. L1219-L1220
Koyama, F., Dietmar Schlenker, T. Miyamoto, Zhibiao Chen, A. Matsutani, T. Sakaguchi and K.
Iga[1999], “1.2µm highly strained GaInAs/GaAs quantum well lasers for singlemode fibre
datalink”, Electron. Lett., vol. 35, no. 13, pp. 1079-1081
Koyama, F., D. Schlenker, T. Miyamoto, Z. Chen, A. Matsutani, T. Sakaguchi and K.
Iga[2000a], “Data transmission over single-mode fiber by using 1.2-?m uncooled
GaInAs -GaAs laser for Gbit/s local area network”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 2,
pp. 125-127
Koyama, F., T. Amano, N. Furukawa, N. Nishiyama, M. Arai and K. Iga[2000b],“Micromachined semiconductor vertical cavity for temperature insensitive surface emitting
lasers and optical filters”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 3B, pp. 1542-1545
Makino, S., T. Miyamoto, T. Kageyama, N. Nishiyama, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000],“GaInNAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by chemical beam epitaxy”, J. Crystal Growth, vol. 221,
pp. 561-565
Matsutani, A., F. Koyama and K. Iga [1998], “Low bias voltage dry etching of InP by
inductively coupled plasma using SiCl4/Ar”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 6655-6656
Matsutani, A., H. Ohtsuki, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999], “Vertical and smooth etching of InP
by Cl2/Xe inductively coupled plasma”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, no. 7A, pp. 4260-4261
Matsutani, A., H. Ohtsuki, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000a], “Plasma diagnostics in inductively
coupled plasma etching using Cl2/Xe”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 3A, pp. 1435-1436
Matsutani, A., H. Ohtsuki, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000b] , “Emission spectrochemical analysis
in dry etching process of InP by Cl2- inductively coupled plasma”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39,
no. 10, pp. 6109-6110
Miyamoto, T., S. Sato, Z. Pan, D. Schlenker, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1998], “GaNAs/GaInAs
short-period superlattice quantum well structures grown by MOCVD using TBAs and DMHy”,
J. Crystal Growth, vol. 195, pp. 421-426
Miyamoto, T., K. Takeuchi, T. Kageyama, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999], “Chemical beam
epitaxy of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells and its optical absorption property”, J. Crystal
Growth, vol. 197, pp. 67-72
Miyamoto, T., T. Kageyama, S. Makino, D. Schlenker, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000], “CBE and10

MOCVD growth of GaInNAs”, J. Crystal Growth, vol. 209, pp. 339-344
Mizuno, R.J., Y. Aoki, Y. Shimada and K. Iga[2000], “A bidirectinal optical module based onstacked planar optical circuit”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 3B, pp. 1522-1528
Mochida, N., T. Honda, T. Shirasawa, A. Inoue, T. Sakaguchi, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1998],“Crystal orientation dependence of p-type contact resistance of GaN” ,J. Crystal Growth, vol.
180/190, pp. 716-719
Nishiyama, N., A. Mizutani, N. Hatori, M. Arai, F. Koyama and K. Iga [1998],“Single-transverse mode and stable-polarization operation under high-speed modulation of
InGaAs -GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser grown on GaAs (311) B substrate”, IEEE
Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1676-1768
Nishiyama,N., A. Mizutani, N. Hatori, M. Arai, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999a], “Lasing
characteristics of InGaAs -GaAs polarization controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasergrown on GaAs (311)B substrate”, IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 5, no. 3, pp.
530-536
Nishiyama, N., A. Mizutani, N. Hatori, S. Shinada, M. Arai, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999b],“Polarization characteristics of surface emitting laser grown on (311)B substrates under highspeed modulation”, Trans. IEICE, vol. J82-C-I, no. 7, pp. 421-427
Nishiyama, N., M. Arai, S. Shinada, K. Suzuki, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000a], “Multi-oxide
layer structure for single-mode operation in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers”, IEEE
Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 606-608
Nishiyama, N., M. Arai, S. Shinada, T. Miyamoto, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000b], “1.15 µm
lasing operation of highly strained GaInAs/GaAs on GaAs (311)B substrate with highcharacteristic temperature (T0=210 K)”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 10B, pp. L1046-L1047
Nishiyama, N., M. Arai, S. Shinada, T. Miyamoto, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000c], “Growth andoptical properties of highly strained GaInAs/GaAs quantum wells on (311)B GaAs by
MOCVD”, J. Crystal Growth, vol. 221, pp. 530-534
Ohnoki,N., F. Koyama and K. Iga [1998a], “Superlattice AlAs/AlInAs -oxide current aperture
for long wavelength InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure”, Appl. Phys.
Lett., vol. 73, no. 22, pp. 3262-3264
Ohnoki, N., F. Koyama and K. Iga[1998b], “Super-lattice AlAs/AlInAs for lateral-oxide current
confinement in InP-based lasers”, J. Crystal Growth, vol. 195, pp. 603-608
Ohnoki, N., G. Okazaki, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999], “Record high characteristic temperature(T0=122K) of 1.55µm strain-compensated AlGaInAs/AlGaInAs MQW lasers with
AlAs/AlInAs multiquantum barrier”, Electron. Lett., vol. 35, no. 1,pp. 51-52
Pan, Z., T. Miyamoto, D. Schlenker, S. Sato, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1998], “Low temperature
11

growth of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using
tertiarybutylarsine”, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 84, no. 11, pp. 6409-6411
Pan, Z., T. Miyamoto, D. Schlenker, F. Koyama and K, Iga[1999], “Quality improvement of
GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well growth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using
tertiarybutylarsine” ,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, no. 2B, pp. 1012-1014
Sato, S., N. Nishiyama, T. Miyamoto, T. Takahashi, N. Jikutani, M. Arai, A. Matsutani, F.
Koyama and K. Iga[2000], “Continuous wave operation of 1.26 &micor;m GaInNAs/GaAs
vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition”,
Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 24, pp. 2018-2019
Schlenker, D., T. Miyamoto, Z. Chen, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999a], “1.17 ?m highly strained
GaInAs -GaAs quantum-well laser” ,IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 946-948
Schlenker, D., Z. Pan, T. Miyamoto, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999b], “Effect of surface quality
on overgrowth of highly strained GaInAs/GaAs quantum wells and improvement by a strained
buffer layer” ,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, no. 9A, pp. 5023-5027
Schlenker, D., T. Miyamoto, Z. Pan, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999c], “Miscibility gap calculation
for Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y including strain effects”, J. Crystal Growth, vol. 196, pp. 67-70
Schlenker, D., T. Miyamoto, Z. Chen, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000a], “Growth of highly
strained GaInAs/GaAs quantum wells for 1.2µm wavelength lasers”, J. Crystal Growth, vol.
209, pp. 27-36
Schlenker, D., T. Miyamoto, Z. Chen, M. Kawaguchi, T. Kondo, E. Gouardes, J. Gemmer, C.
Gemmer, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000b], “Inclusion of strain effect in miscibility gap
calculations for III-V semiconductors”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 5751-5757
Schlenker, D., T. Miyamoto, Z. Chen, M. Kawaguchi, T. Kondo, E. Gouardes, F. Koyama andK. Iga[2000c], “Critical layer thickness of 1.2µm highly strained GaInAs/GaAs quantum
wells”, J. Crystal Growth, vol. 221, pp.503-508
Sekiguchi, S., T. Kimura, T. Miyamoto, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999a], “Long wavelength
GaInAsP lasers with n-n contacts using AlAs/InP hole injecting tunnel junction”, Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys., vol. 38, no. 4B, pp. L443-L445
Sekiguchi, S., T. Miyamoto, T. Kimura, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999b], “Self-aligned current
confinement structure using AlAs/InP tunnel junction in GaInAsP/InP semiconductor
lasers” ,Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 75, no.11, pp. 1512-1514
Sekiguchi, S., T. Miyamoto, T. Kimura, G. Okazaki, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000],“Improvement of current injection uniformity and device resistance in long-wavelength
vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser using a tunnel junction”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no.
7A, pp. 3997-4001

12

Shinada, S., F. Koyama, N. Nishiyama, M. Arai, K. Goto and K. Iga[1999a], “Fabrication of
micro-aperture surface emitting laser for near field optical data storage”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.,vol. 38, no. 11B, pp. L1327-L1329
Shinada, S., F. Koyama, K. Suzuki, K. Goto and K. Iga[1999b], “Near-field analysis of
micro-aperture surface emitting laser for high density optical data storage”, Optical Review, vol.
6, no. 6, pp. 486-488
Shinada, S., F. Koyama, N. Nishiyama, M. Arai, A. Matsutani, K. Goto and K. Iga[2000],“Optical near field by vertical cavity surface emitting laser”, Trans. IEICE, vol. J83-C, no. 9,
pp. 826-833
Shirasawa, T., T. Honda, N. Mochida, A. Inoue, T. Sakaguchi, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1998],“Interface control of GaN/AlGaN quantum well structures in MOVPE growth”, J. Crystal
Growth, vol. 180/190, pp. 124-127
Takahashi, T., T. Katayama and K. Iga[2000], “Optical pattern recognition system based onparallel spatial filtering using synthetic discriminant function”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no.
3B, pp. 1571-1575
Takeuchi, K., A. Matsutani, F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000], “Improvement of AlAs selective
oxidation process for GaAs/GaAlAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and theirsingle-mode lasing characteristics” ,Trans. IEICE, vol. J83-C, no. 9, pp. 904-907
Yamatoya,T., S. Mori, F. Koyama and K. Iga[1999], “High power GaInAsP/InP strained
quantum well superluminescent diode with tapered active region” ,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38,
no. 9A, pp. 5121-5122
Yamatoya, T., F. Koyama and K. Iga[2000], “Noise suppression and intensity modulation in
gain-saturated semiconductor optical amplifiers and its application to spectrum-sliced lightsources”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39, no. 8B, pp. L861-L863
Optical Devices for Optical Fiber Networks
Aozasa, S., H. Masuda, H. Ono, T. Sakamoto, K. Kanamori, Y. Ohoshi and M. Shimizu[2001],“1480-1510 nm-band Tm doped fiber amplifi, er (TDFA) with a high power conversion
effieiency of 42 %”, Tech. Digest of OFC2001, Postdeadline papers PD1
Fukuchi, K., T. Kasamatsu, M. Morie, R. Ohhira, T. Ito K. Sekiya, D. Ogasahara and T.
Ono[2001], “10.92-Tb/s(273 x 40-Gb/s) triple-band/ultra-dense WDM optical-repeatedtransmission experiment”, Tech. Digest of OFC 2001, paper PD24
Goh, T., M. Yasu, K. Hattori, A. Himeno and Y. Ohmori[2001], “Y., Low loss and highextinction ratio strictly nonblocking 16x16 thermo-optic matrix switch on 6-in wafer using
silica-based planar lightwave circuit technology”, J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 19, no. 3,
pp.371-379
Hida, Y., Y. Hibino, T. Kitoh, Y. Inoue, M. Itoh, T. Shibata, A. Sugita and A. Himeno[2001],13

“400-channel arrayed-waveguide grating with 25 GHz spacing using 1.5%-D waveguide on
6-inch Si wafer”, Electron. Lett., vol. 37, no. , pp.576-577
Ishizuki, H., M. Fujimura, T. Suhara and H. Nishihara[2000], “LiNb03 waveguidequasi-phase-matched sum-frequency generation device for high-efficiency optical sampling",
IEICE vol. J83-C, pp.197-203
Jinguji, K. and M. Oguma[2000], “Optical half-band filters”, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol.,vol. 18, no.2, pp. 252-259
Kawanishi. S. [1998], “Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Time-Division-Multiplexed Transmission
Technology based on optical Signal Processing”, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 34,
no. 11, pp. 2064-2079
Kubota, H., K. Suzuki, S. Kawanishi, M. Nakazawa, M. Tanaka and M. Fujita[2001],“Low-loss, 2 km-long photonic crystal fiber with zero GVD in the near IR suitable forpicosecond pulse propagation at the 800 nm band”, Tech. Digest of CLEO 2001, paper CPD3
Noda, S., N. Yamamoto, M. Imada, H. Kobayashi and M. Okano[1999], “Alignment andstacking of semiconductor photonic bandgaps by wafer -fusion”, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol.,vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1948-1955
Okuno, M., K. Kato, R. Nagase, A. Himeno, Y. Ohmori and M. Kawachi[1999], “Silica-based
8x8 optical matriz switch integrating new switching units with large fabrication tolerance”, J.
Lightwave Technol., vol.17 ,no.5, pp.771-781
Sato,K. and S. Okamoto[1999], “Photonic transport technologies to create robust backbone
networks”, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 78-87
Takada, K., M. Abe, T. Shibata, M. Ishii, Y. Inoue, H. Yamada and Y. Hibino[2000], “10GHz-spaced 1010-channel AWG filter achieved by tandem connection of primary andsecondary AWGs”, Proc. ECOC2000, Postdead-line paper PD3-8
Takara, H., T. Ohara, K. Mori, K. Sato, E.Yamada, K. Jinguji, Y. Inoue, T. Shibata, T. Morioka
and K-I Sato[2000], “Over 1000 channel optical frequency chain generation from a single
supercontinuum source with 12.5 GHz channel spacing for DWDM and frequency standards”,
Tech. Digest of ECOC 2000, paper PD3.1
Takiguchi, K., K.Okamoto and T. Goh[2001], “Planar lightwave circuit dispersion slope
equalizer for N x 40 Gb/s WDM transmission”, Electron. Lett., vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 701-703
Tsuritani, T., Y. Yamada, A. Agata, N. Takeda, N. Edagawa and M. Suzuki[2000], “1 Tbit/s(100 x 10.7 Gbit/s) transpacific transmission using single-stage 980 nm-pumped C-band optical
repeaters without forward error correction", Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 18, pp. 1566-1568
Yamabayashi, Y., M. Koga and S. Okamoto[2000], “Autonomously controlled multiprotocol
wavelength switching network for Internet backbones”, IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E83-B,
14

no. 10, pp. 2210-2215
Yoneyama. M., Y. Miyamoto, T. Otsuji, H. Toba, Y. Yamane, T. Ishibashi and H.
Miyazawa[2000], “Fully electrical 40-Gb/s TDM system prototypebased on InP HEMT digital
IC technologies”, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 18., no. 1, pp. 34-42
Femtosecond Technology
Akiyama, T., O. Wada, H. Kuwatsuka, T. Shimoyama, Y. Nakata, K. Mukai, M. Sugawara and
H. Ishikawa[2000],“Nonlinear processes responsible for nondegenerate Four-Wave Mixing in
Quantum-Dot optical amplifier”, Applied Physics Letters, vol.77, no.12, pp.1753-1755
Akiyama, T., N. Georgiev, T. Mozume, H. Yoshida, A.V. Gopal and O. Wada[2001],“Nonlinearity and recovery time of 1.55 µm intersubband absorption in InGaAs/AlAs/AlAsSb
coupled quantum wells”, Electronics Letters, vol.37, no.2, pp.129-130
Furuki, M., M. Tian, Y. Sato, L. S. Pu, S. Tatsuura and O. Wada[2000], “Terahertz
demultiplexing by a Single-Shot Time-to-Space conversion using a film of squarylium Dye
J-Aggregates” ,Applied Physics Letters, vol.77, no.4, pp.472-474
Iizuka, N., K. Kaneko, N. Suzuki, T. Asano, S. Noda and O. Wada[2000],“Ultrafast
intersubband relaxation (<150 fs) in AlGaN/GaN multiplequantum wells”, Applied Physics
Letters, vol.77, no.5, pp.648-650
Lan, S., S. Nishikawa and O. Wada[2001], “Leveraging deep photonic bandgaps in photonic
crystal impurity bands”, Applied Physics Letters, vol.78, no.15, pp.2101-2103
Wada, O. and H. Hasegawa ed.[1999a], “InP-Based Materials and Devices -Physics andTechnology- ”, John Wiley & Sons, New YorkWada, O., A. Suzuki, Y. Ogawa and K. Tajima[1999b], Chapter III-1 “Femtosecond
Semiconductor-Based Optoelectronic Devices for Optical Communications andSignal-Processing Systems”, pp. 59-78, in T. Kamiya, H. Yajima, F. Saito and O. Wada ed.,“Femtosecond Technology -From Basic Research to Application Prospects-”, Springer-Verlag,
BerlinWada, O., H. Yoshida, A. Neogi, T. Akiyama, T. Mozume, N. Georgiev and K.
Asakawa[2000a],“Ultrafast intersubband absorption switching using InGaAs/AlAsSb quantum
wells”, International Conf. on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, Williamsburg, Conf.
Proc., pp. 431-434
Wada, O.[2000b], “Femtosecond Semiconductor-Based optoelectronic devices for opticalcommunications systems”[Invited Paper], Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol.32, no. ,pp.453-471
Wada, O.[2000c], “Femtosecond All-Optical Devices for Tera-bit optical information
networks” [Invited Paper], International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM’00, San Francisco,
U.S.A., Tech. Dig., pp. 589-592

15

Ultrafast Phenomena
Chin, B.C., K. Misawa, T. Masuda and T. Kobayashi[2000], “Large static dipole moment in
substituted polyacetylenes obtained by electroabsorption”, Chem. Phys. Lett., vol.318,
pp.499-504
Deng, Z.-Y., T. Kobayashi and T. Ohji[1999a], “Optical absorption spectra in athree-dimensional corner under anapplied electric field”, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, vol. 11,
no.29, pp.5583-5591
Deng, Z. -Y., J.-L. Shi, Y. -F. Zhang, J.-K.Fuo and T. Kobayashi[1999b], “Microstructure andcreep behavior of Al2O3-SiC ceramic matrix composites”, Key Eng. Matel., vol.159-160,
pp.399-404
Deng, Z.-Y., X. Chen, T. Ohji and T. Kobayashi[2000], “Subband structures, exciton andimpurity states in V-shapedGaAs -Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wires”, Phys. Rev. B, vol.61, no.23,
pp.15905-15913
Fuji, T., T. Saito and T. Kobayashi[2000], “Dynamic observation of Duschinsky rotation by
sub-5-fs real-time spectroscopy”, Chem. Phys. Lett., vol.332, pp.324-330
Guan Z.P. and T. Kobayashi[1999], “Electroreflection from higher subband transitions in a
ZnSe-Zn0.8Cd0.2Se superlattice”, Solid State Commun. vol.111, no.6, pp.311-316
Hashimoto, H., H. Takahashi, T. Yamada, K. Kuroyanagi and T.Kobayashi[2001],“Characteristics of the terahertz radiation from single crystals of N-substituted
2-methyl-4-nitroaniline”, J. Phys.:Condens. Matt., vol.13, pp.L529-L537
Hofmann, H.F., T. Kobayashi and A.Furusawa[2000a], “Nonclassical correlation of photon
number and field components in the vacuum state”, Phys. Rev. A, vol.62, no.013806
Hofmann, H.F., T. Ide, T. Kobayashi and A. Furusawa[2000b], “Fidelity and information in thequantum teleportation of continuous variables”, Phys. Rev. A, vol.62, no.062304
Hofmann H.F. and T. Kobayashi[2000c], “Nonclassical correlation of phase noise and photon
number in quantum nondemolition measurements”, Phys. Rev. A, no.033815
Hofmann, H.F., T. Kobayashi and A. Furusawa[2001], “Information losses in continuous
variable quantum teleportation”, Phys. Rev., vol.64, no.40301
Kamiya, N., H. Ohtani, T. Sekikawa and T. Kobayashi[1999], “Sub-picosecond fluorescence
spectroscopy of the M intermediateformed in the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin by using
up-conversion fluorometry”, Chem. Phys. Lett., vol.305, no.1,2, pp.15-20
Kano H. and T. Kobayashi[2000a], “Simultaneous measurement of real and imaginary parts ofnonlinear susceptibility for the verification of the Kramers-Kronig relations in femtosecond
spectroscopy”, Opt. Comm., vol.178, pp.133-139

16

Kano H. and T. Kobayashi[2000b], “Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of porphyrin
J-aggregates using optical Kerr gate methods”, J. Chin. Chem. Soc., vol.47, pp.859-861
Kano, H., K. Misawa and T. Kobayashi[2001a], “Periodic structures in difference phase andtransmission spectra studied by a femtosecond Sagnac interferometer”, Opt. Commun., vol.188,
pp.1-9Kano, H., T. Saito and T. Kobayashi[2001b], “Dynamic intensity borrowing in porphyrin
J-aggregates revealed by sub-5-fs spectroscopy”, J. Phys. Chem., vol.105, pp.413-419
Kobayashi, T.[1999], “Structure and nonlinear properties of porphyrin J-aggregates”, Nonlin.
Opt., vol.22, pp.301-304
Kobayashi, T., A. Shirakawa, H. Matsuzawa and H. Nakanishi[2000a], “Real-time vibrationalmode-coupling associated with ultrafast geometrical relaxation in a polydiacetylene induced bysub-5-fs pulses”, Chem. Phys. Lett., vol.321, no.5-6, pp.385-393
Kobayashi, T. and A. Shirakawa[2000b], “Tunable visible and near-infrared pulse generation
in a 5 fs regime”, Appl. Phys. B, vol. 70, pp.S239-S246
Kobayashi, T and A. Shirakawa[2000c], “Sub-5-fs tunable pulses in visible and nir visible
sub-5-fs pulses generated by noncollinear opa”, J. Luminescence, vol.87-89, pp.119-120
Kobayashi, T., A. Shirakawa and T. Fuji[2001a], “Sub-5-fs transform-limited visible pulse
source and its application to real-time spectroscopy”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics inQuantum Electron, vol.7, no.4, pp.525-538
Kobayshi,T., T.Saito and H.Ohtani[2001b], “Real-time spectroscopy of transition states inbacteriorhodopsin during retinal isomerization”, Nature, vol.414,pp. 531-534
Misawa, K. and T. Kobayashi[1999], “Ultrafast exciton excited-exciton dynamics in
J-aggregates of three-level porphyrin molecules”, J. Chem. Phys., vol.110, no.12,
pp.5844-5850
Misawa K. and T. Kobayashi[2000], “Wave-packet dynamics in a cyanine dye molecule
excited with femtosecond chirped pulses”, J. Chem. Phys., vol.113, no.7, pp.7546-7553
Shirakawa, A., I. Sakane, M. Takasaka and T. Kobayashi[1999], “Sub-5-fs visible pulse
generation by pulse-front-matched noncollinear optical parametric amplifier”, Appl. Phys. Lett.,vol.74, no.12, pp.2268-2270
Sugita, A., T. Saito, H. Kano, M. Yamashita and T. Kobayashi[2001a], “Wave packet dynamics
in a quasi-one-dimensional metal-halogen complex studiedby sub-5-fs spectroscopy”, Phys.
Rev. Lett., vol.86, pp.2158-2161
Sugita, A., M. Yamashita and T. Kobayashi[2001b], “Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of neutral
soliton pairs in a quasi-one-dimensional halogen-bridged mixed-valence platinum complex
17

Pt(en)2[Pt(en)2Br2](ClO4)4”, J. Chem.Phys., vol.114, pp.2369-2376
Sugita, A. and T.Kobayashi[2001c], “Dynamics of a photo-excited state in polydiacetylene
studied by femtosecond mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy”, Chem. Phys. Lett., vol.346,
pp.41-46
Sun, R., Q. Zheng, X. Zhang T. Masuda and T. Kobayashi[1999], “Light-emitting substitutedpolyacetylenes”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol.38, no.4A, pp.2017-2023
Ullrich,B., T. Loeher, Y. Segawa and T. Kobayashi[1999], “The influence of hydrogenpassivation of silicon on the photocurrent of Cd/Si heterodiodes”, Mater. Sci. and Engin.,
no.B56, pp.150-152
Yabushita, A., T.Fuji and T.Kobayashi[2001], “SHG FROG and XFROG methods forphase/intensity characterization of pulses propagated through an absorptive optical medium”,
Opt. Commun., vol.198, pp.227-232
Yamamoto, K., T. Kamata, S. Iwai, S. Kazaoui, N. Minami, F. Mizukami, K. Misawa, T. Ohta
and T. Kobayashi[1999], “Franz-Keldysh oscillation in the interband absorption spectrum of
one-dimensional bis(dimethylglyoximato)platinum(II) complex”, Chem. Phys. Lett., vol.302,
no.3, pp.609-614
THz Technology
Cho, Y., S. Kazuta, and H. Ito [2001], “Scanning-nonlinear-dielectric -microscopy study on
periodically poled LiNbO3 for a high-performance quasi-phase matching device”, Applied
Physics Letters, vol.79, no.18, pp.2955-2957
Haidar, S., K. Nakamura, E. Niwa, K. Masumoto, and H. Ito [1999a], “Mid-infrared (5-12-µm)
and limited (5.5-8.5-µm) single-knob tuning generated by difference-frequency mixing insingle-crystal AgGaS2 ”, Applied Optics, vol.38, no.9, pp.1798-1801
Haidar, S., and H. Ito [1999b], “Injection-seeded optical parametric oscillator for efficientdifference frequency generation in mid-IR”, Optics Communication, vol.171, pp.171-176
Hatanaka, T., K. Nakamura, T. Taniuchi, H. Ito, Y. Furukawa, and K. Kitamura [2000a],“Quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillation with periodically poled stoichiometric
LiTaO3 ”, Optics Letters, vol.25, no.9, pp.651-653
Hatanaka, T., K. Nakamura, T. Taniuchi, and H. Ito [2000b], “Dual signal-wave opticalparametric oscillator using periodically poled LiNbO3 with series gratings”, Electronics Letters,
vol.36, no.16, pp.1409-1411
Imai, K., K. Kawase, J. Shikata, H. Minamide, and H. Ito [2001], “Injection-seeded
terahertz-wave parametric oscillator”, Applied Physics Letters, vol.78, no.8, pp.1026-1028
Ito, H., T. Hatanaka, S. Haidar, K. Nakamura, K. Kawase, and T. Taniuchi [2001], “Periodically
Poled LiNbO3 OPO for Generating Mid IR to Terahertz Waves”, Ferroelectrics, vol.253,
18

pp.95-104
Kawase, K., M. Mizuno, S. Sohma, H. Takahashi, T. Taniuchi, Y. Urata, S. Wada, H. Tashiro,
and
H.
Ito
[1999],“Difference-frequency
terahertz-wave
generation
from
4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate by use of an electronically tuned
Ti:sapphire laser”, Optics Letters, vol.24, no.15, pp.1065-1067
Kawase, K., T. Hatanaka, H. Takahashi, K. Nakamura, T. Taniuchi, and H. Ito [2000], “TunableTHz-wave generation from DAST crystal using dual signal-wave parametric oscillation of
periodically poled lithium niobate”, Optics Letters, vol.25, no.23, pp.1714-1716
Kawase, K., J. Shikata, K. Imai, and H. Ito [2001a], “A transform-limited, narrow-linewidth,
THz-wave parametric generator”, Applied Physics Letters, vol.78, no.19, pp.2819-2821
Kawase, K., J. Shikata, H. Minamide, K. Imai, and H. Ito [2001b], “Arrayed silicon prism
coupler for a THz-wave parametric oscillator”, Applied Optics, vol.40, no.9, pp.1423-1426
Nakamura, K., T. Miyahara, M. Yoshida, T. Hara, and H. Ito [1998], “A new technique of
optical ranging by a frequency-shifted feedback laser”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,
vol.10, no.12, pp.1772-1774
Nakamura, K., T. Hara, M. Yoshida, T. Miyahara, and H. Ito [2000], “Optic al frequency
domain ranging by a frequency-shifted feedback laser”, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,
vol.36, no.3, pp.305-316
Nakazawa, M [2000a], “Solitons for breaking barriers to terabit/second WDM and OTDM
transmission in the next Millennium”, IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics(Millennium Issue invited paper), vol.6, no.6, pp.1332-1343
Nakazawa M., and E. Yoshida [2000b], “A 40 GHz, 850 fs regeneratively FM mode-lockedpolarization-maintaining erbium fiber ring laser”, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., vol.12, no.12,
pp.1613-1615
Nakazawa, M., and K. Suzuki [2001], “Cesium optical atomic clock: an optical pulse that tells
the time”, Optics Letters, vol.26, pp.635-637
Sashinaka, N., Y. Oguma, and M. Asada [2000], “Observation of terahertz photon-assisted
tunneling in triple-barrier resonant tunneling diodes integrated with patch antenna”, Jpn. J.
Appl. Phys, vol.39, part.1, no.8, pp.4899-4903
Sato, A., K. Kawase, H. Minamide, S. Wada, and H. Ito [2001], “Tabletop terahertz-wave
parametric generator using a compact, diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser”, Review of Scientific
Instruments, vol.72, no.9, pp.3501-3504
Sato, M., T. Hatanaka, S. Izumi, T. Taniuchi, and H. Ito [1999], “Generation of 6.6-µm opticalparametric oscillation with periodically poled LiNbO3 ”, Applied Optics, vol.38, no.12,
pp.2560-2563
19

Shikata, J., M. Sato, T. Taniuchi, and H. Ito [1999a], “Enhancement of terahertz-wave output
from LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillators by cryogenic cooling”, Optics Letters, vol.24, no.4,
pp.202-204
Shikata, J., K. Karino, H. Ito, and K. Kawase [1999b], “Tunable terahertz-wave generationfrom MgO:LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator”, OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series,
vol.26, pp.481-486
Shikata, J., K.Kawase, K.Karino, T.Taniuchi, and H.Ito [2000], “Tunable THz-wave parametricoscillation using LiNbO3 and MgO:LiNbO3 crystals”, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory andTechniques, vol.48, no.4, pp.653-661
Sohma, S., H. Takahashi, T. Taniuchi, and H. Ito [1999], “Organic nonlinear optical crystal
DAST growth and its device applications”, Chemical Physics, vol.245, no.1-3, pp.359-364
Suhara, T., H. Ishizuki, M. Fujimura, and H. Nishihara [1999], “Waveguide quasi-phasematched sum-frequency generation device for high-efficiency optical sampling”, IEEE Photon.
Tech. Lett., vol.11, no.8, pp.1027-1029
Suhara, T., T. Fujieda, M. Fujimura, and H. Nishihara [2000], “Fabrication of Zn:LiNbO3
waveguides by diffusing ZnO in low-pressure atmosphere”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2, Lett., vol.39,
no.8B, pp.L864-L865
Taniuchi, T., J. Shikata, and H. Ito [2000], “Tunable terahertz-wave generation in DAST crystal
with dual-wavelength KTP optical parametric oscillator”, Electronics Letters, vol.36, no.16,
pp.1414-1416
Walther, M., K. Jensby, S. R. Keiding, H. Takahashi, and H. Ito [2000], “Far -infrared properties
of DAST”, Optics Letters, vol.25, no.12, pp.911-913
Yoshida, M., K. Nakamura, and H. Ito [2001a], “A new method for measurement of groupvelocity dispersion of optical fibers by using a frequency-shifted feedback fiber laser”, IEEE
Photonics Technology Letters, vol.13, no.3, pp.227-229
Yoshida, M., T. Miyamoto, N. Zou, K. Nakamura, and H. Ito [2001b], “Novel PMD
measurement method based on OFDR using a frequency-shifted feedback fiber laser”, Optics
Express, vol.9, no.4, pp.207-211
Sensing Photonics
He, Z and K. Hotate[1999a], “Measurement of scattering media by synthesis of opticalcoherence function with superstructure grating distributed Bragg reflector laser diode”, Optical
Review, vol.6,no.4, pp.372-377
He, Z. and K. Hotate[1999b], “Synthesized optical coherence tomography for imaging of
scattering objects by use of a stepwise frequency-modulated tunable laser diode”, Optics Lett.,vol.24,no.21, pp.1502-1504
20

Hotate, K. and G. Hayashi[1999a], “Resonator fiber optic gyro using digital serrodyne
modulation -Method to reduce the noise induced by the backscattering and closed-loop
operation using digital signal processing-”, Proc. Intern. Conf. on Optical Fiber Sensors,
Kyongju, pp.104-107 <Invited>
Hotate, K.[1999b], “Photonic sensing by use of synthesis of optical coherence function”, Proc.
URSI GA’99, Tront, 26<Invited>
Hotate, K. and T. Hasegawa[2000a], “Measurement of Brillouin gain spectrum distribution
along an optical fiber using a correlation-based technique -Proposal, experiment andsimulation-”, IEICE Trans. on Electron., vol.E83-C, no.3, pp.405-412
Hotate, K., Z. He and T. Kitazume[2000b], “Surface shape measurement for multi-layered
object by synthesis of optical coherence function”, J. of Selected Topics in Quantum Electron.,
vol.6,no.5, pp.723-729
Hotate, K.[2000c], “Fiber optic gyros”, Proc. Interna. Conf. on Trends in Optical
Nondestructive Testing, Lugano, pp.487-502<Invited>
Hotate, K. and M. Tanaka[2000d], “Distributed fiber Brillouin strain sensing with 1cm spatial
resolution by correlation-based countinuous wave technique”, Proc. 14th Intern. Conf. on
Optical Fiber Sensors, Venice, pp.647-650<Invited>
Hotate, K. and T. Hasegawa[2000e], “A correlation-based continuous-wave technique formeasuring Brillouin gain spectrum distribution along an optical fiber with centimeter-order
spatial resolution”, Proc. 14th Intern. Conf. on Optical Fiber Sensors, Venice,pp.651-661<Invited>
Hotate, K.[2000f], “Fiber optic distributed sensing for smart materials and structures bysynthesis of optical coherence function”, Proc. Intern. Conf. on Processing and Manufacturingof Advanced Materials, Las Vegas<Invited>
Hotate, K., X. Song and Z. He[2001a], “Stress-location measurement along an optical fiber bysynthesis of triangle-shape optical coherence function”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.,vol.13,no.3, pp.233-235
Hotate, K. and M. Tanaka[2001b], “High-resolution distributed fiber Brillouin strain sensing”,
Proc. OECC/IOOC 2001, Sydney, pp.271-274<Invited>
Hotate, K. and M. Tanaka[2001c], “Correlation-based continuous wave technique of fiber
Brillouin distributed strain sensing for smart materials with cm order spatial resolution”, Proc.
CLEO/Pacific Rim 2001, Chiba, pp.I-496-497<Invited>
Hotate,K[2001d], “Correlation-based continuous wave technique for fiber Brillouin distribution
sensing with a high spatial resolution”, Proc. SPIE Fiber Optical Sensor Technologies andApplications, Boston, pp.4578-03<Invited>21

Saida, T. and K. Hotate[1999], “General formula describing drift of interferometer fiber-optic
gyro due to Faraday effect: Reduction of the drift in twin-depo-I-FOG”, IEEE J. of Lightwave
Technol., vol.17,no.2, pp.222-228
Suzuki, K., K. Takiguchi and K. Hotate[1999], “Reduction of backscattering-induced noise by
ternary phase shift keying in resonator micro-optic gyro integrated on silica planar lightwave
circuit”, IEE Electron. Lett., vol.35,no.13, pp.1076-1077
Suzuki, K., K. Takiguchi and K. Hotate[2000], “Monolithically integrated resonator micro
optic gyro on silica planar lightwave circuit”, J. of Lightwave Technol., vol.18,no.1pp., 66-72
Yamashita, S., K. Hotate and M. Ito[1998], “Polarization-independent local node construction
for optical WDM ring networks using a centralized multiwavelength light source”, IEICE
Trans. on Commun., vol.E81-B,no.11, pp.2168-217
Yamashita, S. and K. Hotate[2001], “A distributed pressure sensor using a mode-locked fiber
ring laser”, OSA Optics Lett., vol.26,no.9, pp.590-592
Zhu, B. and K. Hotate[2001], “Multiplexed optical fiber interferometric sensor system bysynthesis of optical coherence function with phase generated carrier”, Optical Review,
vol.8,no.2, pp.107-111
Systems Photonics
Arahira, S., Y. Katoh and Y. Ogawa[2001], “Generation and stabilization of ultrafast opticalpulse trains with monolithic mode-locked laser diodes”, Optical and Quantum
electronics,vol.33,pp.691-707
Iijima, A., Y. Tanaka, T. Kurokawa[2001], “Analysis on Fabry-Perot interferometer using
cholesteric liquid crystal”, Molecular crystals and liquid crystals, vol.368, pp.37-41
Inaba, R., N. Kawakami, K. Oguma, E. Watanabe and K. Kodate[2000], “Compact parallel
joint transform correlator for facial recognition”, Proc. SPIE,vol.4089,pp.384-392
Ishibashi S. and H. Takahara[1999], “Optical waveguide components using fluorinatedpolyimide”, Proc. SPIE,vol.3799,pp.254-265
Kinoshita, M., M. Takeda, H. Yago, Y. Watanabe and T. Kurokawa[1999], “Opticalfrequency-domain imaging microprofilometry with a frequency-tunable liquid-crystal
Fabry-Perot etalon device”, Appl. Opt., vol.38 ,no.34, pp. 7063-7068
Kodate, K., A. Hashimoto and R. Thapliya[1999], “Binary zone-plate array for a parallel joint
transform correlation to face recognition”, Appl. Opt.,vol.38,pp.3036
MacDonald, R.P., S. A. Boothroyd, P. Myslinski, R. Misner, B. A. Syrett and T.
Kurokawa[2001], “1x16 amplifier array and hybrid integration with an 8x8 p-i-n photodiodearray for parallel optical interconnects”, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol.28 ,no.1, pp.11-15
22

Nakahara, T., H. Tsuda, K. Tateno, S. Matsuo and T. Kurokawa[1999], “Hybrid integration ofsmart pixels by using polyimide bonding”, IEEE J . Selected Topics in Quantum Electron.,
vol.5 ,no.2, pp.209-216
Nishimura, S., T. Kudoh, H. Nishi, K. Harasawa, N. Matsui, S. Akutsu, K. Tasyo and H.
Amano[2000], “High-throughput network switch for the RHiNET-2 optically interconnected
parallel computing system”, Proc. SPIE,vol.4089,pp.562-569
Okabe Y. and H. Sasaki[2001], “Wide-channel-spacing wavelength division multiplexer anddemultiplexer consisting of stacked dielectric filters and diffractive optical elements”,
Technical Digest of 8th Microoptics Conference -MOC2001-,pp.338-341
Sano, M., M. Takeda, S. Fukushima and T. Kurokawa[1998], “Real-time holographic
vibrometry with a ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator”, Appl. Opt.,vol.37 ,no.32,
pp.7523-7531
Sano, Y., J. Mita, T. Yamada, T. Makita, K. Kaifu, H. Ishikawa, T. Egawa and T. Jimbo[2001],“High Performance AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Recessed Gate, Technical Digest of International
Conference on SiC and Related Materials -ICSCRM2001-”,pp.689-690
Sasaki, H., K. Kotani, H. Wada, T. Takamori and T. Ushikubo[2001a], “Scalability analysis ofdiffractive optical element-based free-space photonic circuits for inter-optoelectronic chip”,
Appl. Opt.,vol.40,pp.1843-1855
Sasaki, H., S. Takasaki, K. Kotani and T. Takamori[2001b], “Compact bidirectional photonic
circuit employing stacked multilayers of diffractive optical elements for fiber to the home
applications”, Proc. SPIE,vol.4437,pp.108-118
Takenouchi, H., H. Tsuda, K. Naganuma, T. Kurokawa, Y. Inoue and K. Okamoto[1998],“Differential processing of ultrashort optical pulses using arrayed-waveguide grating withphase-only filter”, Electron.. Lett., vol.34,no12, pp. 1245-1246
Takenouchi, H., H. Tsuda, T. Goh, K. Okamoto, C. Amano and T. Kurokawa[1999],“Differential processing using an arrayed-waveguide grating”, IEICE Trans. Commun.,vol.E82-B ,no.8, pp. 1252-1258
Takenouchi, H., H. Tsuda and T. Kurokawa[2000], “Analys is of optical-signal processing using
an arrayed-waveguide grating”, Optics Express, vol.6, p.124
Tsuda, H., K. Okamoto, T. Ishii, K. Naganuma, Y. Inoue, H. Takenouchi and T.
Kurokawa[1999a], “Second- and Third-order dispersion compensator using a high-resolution
arrayed-waveguide grating”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.11,no.5, pp. 569-571
Tsuda, H., H. Takenouchi, T. Ishii, K. Okamoto, T. Goh, K. Sato, A. Hirano, T. Kurokawa andC. Amano[1999b], “Spectral encoding and decoding of 10Gbit/s femtosecond pulses using
high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating”, Electron. Lett., vol.35 ,no.14, pp. 1186-1188
23

Tsuda, H., H. Takenouchi, T. Kurokawa and K. Okamoto[2000a], “Performance analysis of adispersion compensator using arrayed-waveguide gratings”, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol.,vol.18 ,no.8, pp.1139-1147
Tsuda H. and T. Kurokawa[2000b], “Smart pixels and their applications to optical interconnects(Invited Paper)” ,Proceeding of SPIE, vol.4225, pp.364-369
Tsuda H. and T. Kurokawa [2001], “Optical information processing using arrayed-waveguidegrating and its application to optical communication systems”, Proc. SPIE,vol.4513,pp.101-106
Uenohara, H., K. Tateno, T. Kagawa, Y. Ohiso, H. Tsuda, T. Kurokawa and C. Amano[1999a],“Investigation of dynamic polarization stability of 850-nm GaAs -based vertical-cavity
surface-emitting laser grown on (311)B and (100) substrates”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.,vol.11 ,no.4, pp. 400-402
Uenohara, H., K. Tateno, T. Kagawa, Y. Ohiso, H. Tsuda, T. Kurokawa and C.
Amano[1999b],“Polarization-controlled 850-nm-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting
lasers grown on (311)B substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition”, IEEE J.
Selected Topics in Quantum Electron., vol.5 ,no.3, pp.537-545
Wada, H., H. Sasaki and T. Kamijoh[1999], “Wafer bonding technology for optoelectronic
integrated devices”, Solid-State Electronics,vol.43,pp.1655-1663
Microwave Photonics
Hoshida, T. and M. Tsuchiya[1998], "Broadband Millimeter-Wave upconversion by nonlinear
Photo-detection using a waveguide p-i-n photodiode", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,
vol.10,no.6, pp.860-862
Ozeki, Y., K. Nishikawa, M. Kishi and M. Tsuchiya[2001a], “60 GHz optoelectronic image
rejection mixer and its application to a 156 Mb/s Fiber-Optic MM-Wave Link”, Photon.
Technol. Lett.,vol.13,no.4,pp.361-363
Ozeki, Y., K. Higuma, S. Oikawa, M. Kishi and M. Tsuchiya[2001b], “A 60 GHz
optoelectronic mixing scheme of high image and carrier rejection ratios with an integrated
optical Single-Sideband modulator employed” ,IEEE MTT Special Issue on MWP, vol. 49, no.
10, pp. 1986-1991
Tsuchiya, M., T. Hoshida and T. Kamiya[1998], “Passively Mode-Locked semiconductor lasers
stabilized by subharmonic electrical injection and their application to millimeter wave
photonics”, New Trend in Optical Soliton Transmission Systems, Proceedings of the
Symposium held in Kyoto, Japan, 1997, pp. 403-418 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,
The Netherland, 1998)
Tsuchiya, M. and T. Hoshida[1999], “Nonlinear photodetection scheme and its systemapplications to fiber-optic millimeter-wave wireless down-links”, Special Issue of the IEEE
Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques on Microwave and Millimeter-wave
24

Photonics, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1342-1350
Wakana, S., T. Ohara, M. Abe, E. Yamazaki, M. Kishi and M. Tsuchiya[2000], “Fiber edge
electro/magneto-optic probe for spectral domain analysis of electromagnetic field”, IEEE MTT,vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 2611-2616

25