GALILEO Applications
Andreas Schütz
Training on GNSS T131 / T151
Bangkok, January 14th 2019

Overview• GNSS Downstream Applications overview• The GALILEO Open Service• The GALILEO Public Regulated Service• The GALILEO High Accuracy Service:••••

Service Definition
Motivation, History, Roadmap
Expected Performance
Application benefits• GALILEO SAR• GALILEO/GNSS Timing applications

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GNSS Downstream Applications

Source: GNSS Market Report, Issue 5, 2017, GSA

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GNSS User Requirements

Source: GNSS User Technology Report, Issue 2, 2018, GSA

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GALILEO Services

Source: GNSS User Technology Report, Issue 2, 2018, GSA

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Signal Overview

Source: Galileo OS SiS ICD

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GALILEO Open Service• Available via E1, E5a and E5b• Offers classic PNT services without integrity
information

Source: The Galileo Reference Centre and Its Role in the Galileo Service Provision, 69th IAC, Bremen, 1-5 October 2018

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OS Nav Message Authentication
Needed for safety and critical applications:• receiver position needs to be true/authentic
check if received signals comes from Galileo
satellite or notauthentication of satellite signals

Galileo satellite-Spoofing-Meaconing-Record & play
Attacker

Authentication

Software receiver with authentication module
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OS Nav Message Authentication

Authentication

Navigation Message Authentication (NMA):• per subframe j: key Kj & MAC(Kj, mj)• key & MAC within navigation message mj• authentication by receiver per subframe:•comparison between computed and received MAC•

verification of key Kjℱ⋯ℱK0(K0 signed)• Based on the TESLA (Time Efficient Stream Loss-TolerantAuthentication) Protocol
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GALILEO Public Regulated Service• Available via E1 and E6• Encrypted navigation service for governmental
authorised users and sensitive applications withadditional integrity information• Grants higher continuity and robustness in caseof arbitrary/malicious interference and if in timeof crisis other navigation signals are unavailable• Intended for fire brigades, ambulance,
humanitarian aid, SAR, police, coastguards,
border control, customs…
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GALILEO HAS - Definition
••

•

•

High accuracy (PPP) corrections
provided in the Galileo E6-B signalcomponent:• Satellite orbits• Satellite clock corrections• Code biases for multi-frequency• Signal/correction quality
information• Phase biases (to be confirmed)• Ionosphere in EU (to beconfirmed)•HAS data will be transmitted openly, forfree, and through an open standard
format. RTCM CSSR used as starting
point. Format currently under definition•

Support HAS via terrestrial networks isunder consideration.
Sub Sub Type Name
TypeNo. of Bit

1

Compact SSR Mask

37 + 60 x Nsys

2Compat25 + (51 or 49) x Nsat

SSR GNSS
OrbitCorrection
Compact SSR GNSS
ClockCorrection
Compact SSR GNSS Satellite
Code Bias

Corrections will for Galileo (E1, E5a,E5b, E6, E5 TBC) and GPS (L1, L2,others TBC), and in the future
potentially for other GNSS.

3

Global coverage when fully
operational. Partial coverage before.
EU always included.

5Compact SSR GNSS Satellite 25 + 17 x Nphase x Nsat
Phase Bias

6

Compact SSR GNSS Satellite 28 + 28 x Nsig x Nsat
Code and Phase Bias

7

Compact SSR GNSS URA

25 + 6 x Nsat

8

Compact SSR TEC Correction

25 + 34 x Ngrid"user error of less than two
decimetres" This depends on user
receiver, algorithm and environment.

425 + 15xNsat

25 + 11 x Ncode x Nsat

Source:https://www.kongress.intergeo.de/download/public/share/public/Intergeo/2018/Kongress/Geodaetische-Woche/Hernandez_Ignacio_Intergeo2018.pdf

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GALILEO HAS - Definition

Source: Munich Satellite Navigation Summit 2018 Archive, Session 3, Galileo High Accuracy Service, Ignacio Fernandéz Hernández, European Commission

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GALILEO HAS - Infrastructure• 20 Downlinks (5x4) at a
few-second latency at FOC• Ground infrastructure
allowing connection withexternal entity at GSC• No extra investment ininfrastructure foreseen

Source: Munich Satellite Navigation Summit 2018 Archive, Session 3, Galileo High Accuracy Service, Ignacio Fernandéz Hernández, European Commission

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GALILEO HAS – Motivation

Source: https://www.kongress.intergeo.de/download/public/share/public/Intergeo/2018/Kongress/Geodaetische-Woche/Hernandez_Ignacio_Intergeo2018.pdf

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GALILEO HAS – Motivation

Source: https://www.kongress.intergeo.de/download/public/share/public/Intergeo/2018/Kongress/Geodaetische-Woche/Hernandez_Ignacio_Intergeo2018.pdf

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GALILEO HAS – Motivation

Source: http://insidegnss.com/assets/webinar/201611/Inside-GNSS-Webinar_Safety-Critical-Positioning-for-Automotive-20161103.pdf

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GALILEO HAS – Motivation

GNSS

Source: http://insidegnss.com/assets/webinar/201611/Inside-GNSS-Webinar_Safety-Critical-Positioning-for-Automotive-20161103.pdf

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GALILEO HAS – Motivation

HAS

Source: http://insidegnss.com/assets/webinar/201611/Inside-GNSS-Webinar_Safety-Critical-Positioning-for-Automotive-20161103.pdf

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SBAS Coverage

Source: GNSS User Technology Report, Issue 2, 2018, GSA

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GALILEO HAS - History• As per EU GNSS Regulation, GALILEO foresees a Commercial Service
offered for a fee for professional applications. Feature inherited fromearly GALILEO public/private funding initiative.
• In early 2017, the EU adopted a decision defining the fee-based
Commercial Service as High Accuracy and Authentication. High Accuracy
was foreseen to be based on a commercial, proprietary format, notunder GALILEO‘s responsibility.
• New circumstances taken into account: High Accuracy broadening
towards the mass market and being offered for free already by satnav
providers and other public entities, therefore no agreement on feebased model implementation• Re-assessment process has culminated in an amendment to thedecision, to redefine the High Accuracy Service and provide it for free.
Commercial Service and Signal Authentication remains as a payableservice.
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GALILEO HAS - History• GSA Stakeholder consultation on free HAS in December
2017• 31 Participants including main HA commercial providers,
research institutes and manufacturers

Source: Munich Satellite Navigation Summit 2018 Archive, Session 3, Galileo High Accuracy Service, IgnacioFernandéz Hernández, European Commission

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GALILEO HAS - Roadmap• GALILEO High Accuracy Service Signal in SpaceTransmission is foreseen in 2019 while fullservice provision is planned in FOC 2020

Source: Munich Satellite Navigation Summit 2018 Archive, Session 3, Galileo High Accuracy Service, Ignacio Fernandéz Hernández, European Commission

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GALILEO HAS - Roadmap

Source: https://www.kongress.intergeo.de/download/public/share/public/Intergeo/2018/Kongress/Geodaetische-Woche/Hernandez_Ignacio_Intergeo2018.pdf

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GALILEO HAS – Exp. Performance• GALILEO Downlink capability estimation for FOC 2020

11

AVG. AVAILABILITY 4 SV [94-99.9%]

AVG. BW: [2704, 3472]

Source: https://www.kongress.intergeo.de/download/public/share/public/Intergeo/2018/Kongress/Geodaetische-Woche/Hernandez_Ignacio_Intergeo2018.pdf

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GALILEO HAS – Exp. Performance• Same message “transmitted” by all GALILEO satellites• Possible improvements:••••

More satellites
More frequencies
SIS format & coding optimization
Better carrier tracking, less code/carrier noise, better multipath mitigation

13Source: https://www.kongress.intergeo.de/download/public/share/public/Intergeo/2018/Kongress/Geodaetische-Woche/Hernandez_Ignacio_Intergeo2018.pdf

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GALILEO HAS – Exp. Performance• PPP Convergence time is still the problem• Assisted users can do RTK-PPP• Standalone users can use 3-4 frequencies and/orionosphere models for quasi instantaneous (few seconds)
convergence

Source: https://www.kongress.intergeo.de/download/public/share/public/Intergeo/2018/Kongress/Geodaetische-Woche/Hernandez_Ignacio_Intergeo2018.pdf

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GALILEO HAS – Exp. Performance• GALILEO E6b SIS coding schemes can be key for time to
first precise fix (several Kilobits to receive)• Reception of a 20-page (8320-bit) message in E6b withdifferent coding/packing schemes:

Source: https://www.kongress.intergeo.de/download/public/share/public/Intergeo/2018/Kongress/Geodaetische-Woche/Hernandez_Ignacio_Intergeo2018.pdf

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GALILEO HAS – Status Overview• The Galileo Programme will include a free and open HAS
based on the transmission of PPP corrections globally
through the E6b signal• The HAS will coexist with commercial services and public
and free HA initiatives. The EC expects it will accelerate
ist adoption and lead to innovation in new applications
such as autonomous driving and LBS for mobile devices:
the first truly global, standalone HA service.
• It is based on open standards (RTCM CSSR as basis)• Currently undergoing initial testing phase, during 2019
SIS initial services, 2020 operational phase with GALILEO
FOC• Global target accuracy < 20 centimeters

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Benefits from GALILEO HAS

Source: GNSS User Technology Report, Issue 2, 2018, GSA

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Benefits from GALILEO HAS• IMO Maritime GNSS position accuracy requirements:••< 100 m on open water< 10 m at harbour entrances, channels and coastal waters• Navigation with < 10 m accuracy only possible withEGNOS/SBAS until now• Inside harbours RTK systems are used

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Benefits from GALILEO HAS

Source: GNSS Rail user forum, Requirements of rail applications, 2000

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Benefits from GALILEO HAS

Source: https://www.zdnet.com/product/garmin-fenix-5-plus/

Source: https://connexies.nl/augmented-reality-en-uiteenlopende-toepassingen/1/13/201

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Benefits from GALILEO HAS• No major benefits in surveying, since all applications
require sub decimeter level accuracy, most even RTK levelaccuracy• Same goes for agricultural applications, only few use
cases since also RTK level accuracy is needed for actual
precision farming

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Benefits from GALILEO HAS

Source: GNSS Market Report, Issue 5, 2017, GSA

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GALILEO SAR• GALILEO Search and Rescue• Part of COSPAS-SARSAT, implementing MEOSAR

Source: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/File:SAR.png

Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/COSPAS-SARSAT#/media/File:New_C-S_System_Overview.jpg

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GALILEO in Timing• Frequency control•Source: Galileo-IS-OS-Quarterly-Performance_Report-Q3-2018

Source: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/Galileo_Performances

Precise control of transmitter frequency or reference frequencies• Clock synchronization•

Synchronized clocks across networks, organization or territory• Data encryption and security•

Accurate and secure encryption, signature and time-stamping forelectronic documents and data

• Network synchronization and time distribution:••••

Increased security and performance in computer networks
Power grid synchronization (operation/troubleshooting)Telecommunication cell synchronization
Financial and Market synchronization• Test and Measurement:•1/13/201

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9Calibration and time-stamping for measurement campaigns

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Contact

Andreas Schütz, M.Sc.
Institute of Space Technology and Space Applications
Universität der Bundeswehr München

Email: andreas.schuetz@unibw.de
Phone: +49 (0)89 6004 3056