Overview of the 2016
White Paper on Fire Service

Materials created by the Fire and Disaster Management Agency weretranslated by the International Fire Service Information Center

Fire and Disaster Management Agency(FDMA)

(Special Feature 1) The Damage from and Response to the Kumamoto Earthquakes[Extent of the Damage] On April 14, 2016 an earthquake with a seismic intensity of 7 was observed in Mashiki Town, Kumamoto Prefecture,with another such earthquake observed in Mashiki Town and Nishihara Village on April 16 (there are no cases ofregions where two earthquakes with a seismic intensity of 7 were observed in Japan, making this the first time inrecorded history that earthquakes have occurred in succession like this).
 Numerous buildings collapsed and landslide disasters occurred over an extensive area that centered on Kumamoto
Prefecture. This caused human harm that left 139 people dead and 2,581 people injured, as well as damage to homes inwhich 8,298 homes were totally destroyed, 31,249 homes were half destroyed, and 141,826 homes suffered partial
damage (as of October 27). In addition, in Minamiaso Village, the Aso Ohashi Bridge collapsed, and the government
office buildings that would have served as bases for disaster response measures were destroyed in five cities andtowns in Kumamoto Prefecture (Yatsushiro City, Hitoyoshi City, Uto City, Ozu Town, and Mashiki Town).
[Activities of Firefighting Agencies] The fire departments in the afflicted region together with prefectural firefighting support teams and Emergency Fire
Response Teams joined forces to jointly engage in firefighting, ambulance service, and rescue activities, through which
they rescued 376 people (including 13 people from Oita Prefecture). This also included coordination between theactivities of volunteer fire corps with regular fire prevention services, through which the lives of 51 people were savedin Mashiki Town, 5 people in Minamiaso Village, and 15 people in Nishihara Village.
 The Emergency Fire Response Teams coordinated with related agencies such as the police, Japan Self-Defense Forces(JSDF), DMAT, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (TEC-FORCE). Over the 14 days from
April 14 - 27 a combined force of 1,644 teams and 5,497 people from 20 prefectures (4,336 teams and 15,613 people
in total) were active, with as many as 569 teams and 2,100 people active at the peak (April 16).
 As for volunteer fire corps, a total of roughly 105,000 people were active from April 14 through May 31 inKumamoto Prefecture (13,858 people at the peak (April 17)), and a total of roughly 7,400 people were active from
April 14 through May 31 in Oita Prefecture (2,960 people at the peak (April 16)).

Miyazono District, Mashiki Town
(Provided by the Miyazaki City Fire
Department)

Activities at the site of a landslide(Provided by the Minamiaso Village
Volunteer Fire Corps)

An exchange of opinions held between the Mayor of Minamiaso
Village and Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications
Takaichi in the Minamiaso Village Hall (May 2)[Challenges and Responses the FDMA Must Address]
 Promote the seismic reinforcement of government office buildings and ensure business continuity→ By way of projects eligible for emergency disaster prevention / disaster reduction industrial bonds designed topromote the seismic reinforcement of the government office buildings and so forth that serve as bases for disasterprevention activities, support will be provided through local fiscal measures and the like. In addition, theformulation of business continuity plans by regional public organizations will be promoted through efforts like holding
training sessions on formulating business continuity plans in cooperation with the related ministries and agencies.
 Promote the installation of structures for receiving support, such as establishing chains of command that include aid
personnel for disaster-afflicted local governments.
→ Collect prior case examples through hearings with municipalities that have previous experience with receiving aid
and support when they were struck by disasters in the past, and promote initiatives for municipalities that include
positioning the structures for receiving support within regional disaster prevention plans.
 Determine information in a centralized manner on things like the extent of damage.
→ Promote the installation of disaster operations systems that provide large-screen displays and sharing of footage
from helicopter video transmission systems and ground-mounted cameras in real time. Also promote the installation ofdisaster prevention information systems equipped with disaster emergency response functions, such as centralizing
damage information, as well as functions for aiding victims that include managing relief supplies and issuing disastercertificates.
 Ensure a structure for independent activities by Emergency Fire Response Teams and strengthen and enhance theactivities of volunteer fire corps.
→ Promote the deployment of vehicles equipped with central command functions and fuel supply vehicles, whichmake it possible for Emergency Fire Response Teams to carry out independent activities. Secure volunteer fire corps
members, set in place equipment like fire pump-mounted vehicles, and enhance education and training.

(Special Feature 2) The Damage from and Response to the Typhoons from August 2016
[Damage from Typhoon No. 7, Typhoon No. 11, and Typhoon No. 9]
 The heavy rains resulting from this series of typhoons caused damage over a broad area in the Hokkaido, Tohoku, andKanto Regions. In particular, the heavy rains that began on August 20 caused human harm that left 2 people dead and 77
people injured, as well as damage to a large number of homes.

[Damage from Typhoon No. 10]
 The heavy rains resulting from Typhoon No. 10, which approachedand made landfall between August 29 - 30 caused flooding in rivers
throughout the Hokkaido and Tohoku Regions. This caused humanharm that left 22 people dead and 5 people missing, including 9
residents of a group home, as well as damage to a large number ofhomes. The destruction of roads gave rise to numerous cases of people
being stranded and isolated.

[Activities by Firefighting Agencies for Typhoon No. 10]

Conditions after the disaster struck(Akka District, Iwaizumi Town; Provided
by the Sendai City Fire Department) Local firefighting agencies, supporting fire departments within
the prefecture, wide-area aerial firefighting support teams,
Emergency Fire Response Teams, and volunteer fire corps worked together to carry out activities such as search andrescue activities for missing persons and activities to rescue residents in isolated regions.
 43 people were rescued via the activities of the Emergency Fire Response Teams, in addition to which 10 people
were rescued in Makubetsu Town, Hokkaido and 6 each were rescued in Kuji City and Iwaizumi Town in Iwate
Prefecture through the activities of volunteer fire corps, including those activities in partnership with regular fire
prevention services.
 Regarding the Emergency Fire Response Teams, 257 teams and 1,044 people (a total of 825 teams and 3,238 people)
were active in the capital and five prefectures (Aomori Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture, Akita Prefecture,
Fukushima Prefecture, Tokyo, and Kanagawa Prefecture) over the 10-day period from August 31 to September 9,with 93 teams and 364 people active during the peak (September 2).
 Regarding the volunteer fire corps, a total of roughly 500 people (276 people during the peak of activities (August31)) were active in Hokkaido over the period from August 29 to September 14, and a total of roughly 2,700 people(754 people during the peak of activities (August 30)) were active in Iwate Prefecture over the period from August 29
to September 16.

Coordination committee for activities
in Iwaizumi Town
(Iwaizumi Fire Station; Provided by
Sendai City Fire Department)

Rescue via helicopter hoist(Iwaizumi District, Iwaizumi Town;
Provided by the Tokyo Fire
Department)

Minister of Internal Affairs andCommunications
Takaichi tours the scene of the disaster(September 7)(Provided by Iwaizumi Town)[Reexamining Disaster Prevention Structures for Regions Prepared for Future Water Damage] In recent years, significant damage has occurred in regions previously thought to be safe as a result of concentrated
downpours the likes of which they have never experienced before. Therefore, on September 7 the FDMA issued
Reexaminations of Disaster Prevention Structures for Regions Prepared for Future Water Damage and Landslide
Disasters. It will also check on municipalities’ regional disaster prevention plans, manuals, and so forth, andrequire them to perform examinations when everything is normal to see whether they have secured effective
response structures.

(Special Feature 3)

Enhancing and Strengthening Regional Disaster Prevention
Capabilities Centered around Volunteer Fire Corps[Initiatives following the Enactment of the Act on Enhancing andStrengthening Regional Disaster Prevention Capabilities Centered around
Volunteer Fire Corps](Promoting Enrollment in Volunteer Fire Corps)
 The Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications sends letters to the heads ofvarious regional public organizations, and also sends letters to economic
organizations.
 The FDMA popularizes the Volunteer Fire Corps Office Symbol System andpromotes the adoption of support measures for offices by regional publicorganizations.
A display certificate issued by the FDMA
 In November 2016, the FDMA requested that MEXT (Ministry of Education,(gold mark; left) and a display certificate
issued by municipalities and others (silver
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and the presidents of various
mark; right)
national public and private universities give consideration to contacting
an environment in which students can easily take part in volunteer fire corps
activities.
 The FDMA calls for the adoption of the Certification System for Student Volunteer Fire Corps Activities, in whichmunicipalities certify the track record of their activities.
 In order to further increase the number of volunteer fire corps members who are women and young people, the FDMA
carries out projects to promote enrollment to volunteer fire corps.
 In October 2016, the FDMA issued notifications to regional public organizations specifying specific case examples ofthings that said organizations should work to address.
 The Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications sends letters of gratitude to volunteer fire corps that had
considerably increased their number of members.
(Improving Treatment of Volunteer Fire Corps Members)
 The FDMA requests that annual compensation and dispatch allowances be raised, particularly by organizations withlow allowances (organizations offering no compensation were done away with in FY2015).
(Enhancing and Strengthening Equipment) The Volunteer Fire Corps Equipment Standards was revised in February 2014 in the aim of enhancing safety equipment likelife jackets, while also continuing on from FY2015 by substantiallyexpanding local tax grant measures in FY2016 as well.
(Enhancing and Standardizing Education and Training) In March 2016 the Education and Training Standards for Fire Academies was revised
to reorganize intermediate level leadership courses as command leadership courses
as part of leadership education for volunteer fire corps members. Educational
materials for teaching volunteer fire corps members at fire academies werealso prepared.
 Fire academies are systematically equipped with fire pump-mounted vehicles
Image of relief supplies being sortedwith onboard rescue equipment and so forth.

[Recent Activities by Volunteer Fire Corps and Others] After the Kumamoto Earthquake, firefighting activities were carried out together
with firefighting personnel in Yatsushiro City and Mashiki Town. In addition,
activities to rescue people from destroyed homes and other structures were carriedout together with firefighting personnel, with a total of 71 people rescued in
Mashiki Town, Minamiaso Village, and Nishhara Village combined.
 For the heavy rains from Typhoon No. 10 in August 2016, activities like stacking
sand bags, lookout activities, and evacuation guidance were provided. At the sametime, rescue activities were carried out together with firefighting personnel, and 10
people were rescued in Hokkaido and 12 were rescued in Iwate Prefecture.

(Provided by the Kumamoto City Volunteer
Fire Corps)

Searching for missing persons(Provided by Mikage Volunteer Fire Corps(Shimizu Town, Hokkaido))[Measures for Enhancing and Strengthening Volunteer Fire Corps tobe Instituted in an Ongoing Manner]
 Promoting the cooperation and understanding of offices towards volunteer
activities by fire corps.
 Promoting additional enrollment by university students, vocational school
students, and other members of the younger generation
 Promoting the active involvement of female volunteer fire corps
 Introducing measures to diversify volunteer fire corps organizations andprograms, such as function-specific members

Nationwide Female Firefighting
Skills Convention

(Special Feature 4)

Promoting the Active Involvement of Female
Firefighting Officials in Firefighting[Current Status regarding Female Firefighting Officials]
 The percentage of women among the total number of firefighting officials throughout Japan remains at a low levelcompared with the percentages in the police, JSDF (Japan Self-Defence Forces), and the Japan Coast Guard (2.5%
as of April 1, 2016).
 Shared target of raising the nationwide ratio of female firefighting officials to all firefighting officials to 5% by the
beginning of FY2026.

[Initiatives for Promoting the Active Involvement of Female Firefighting Officials](Hold occupational briefing sessions (one-day internships) aimed at female students)
 Occupational briefing sessions aimed at female students have been held in eight venues throughout Japan (ofthese, 189 people took part at the Tokyo venue).
 Talks were given by active-duty female firefighting officials, and opportunities were set up to hold dialogues
with these female firefighting officials at booths and in the form of round-table discussions. In addition, toursof firefighting activity drills are offered at nearby fire stations.
(Publicity using posters, leaflets, etc.)
 The FDMA created posters aimed at promoting the active involvement of female firefighting officials, as well as
leaflets to give people an understanding of what firefighting work is all about, the various support programs forchilbirth and childrearing, and educational programs. In addition, it also created a guidebook that uses concrete
examples in order to show people career paths, working arrangements and working terms and conditions, job
descriptions, and balancing family life.
(Extensive PR via a portal site, etc.)
 A dedicated portal site has been established within the FDMA’s homepage, and at the same time a publicFacebook page entitled FDMA, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: Women’s Participation
was set up to serve as platforms for providing information.
 The FDMA listed information like dates when chances to experience the workplace at fire departments areheld and their details on the FDMA’s homepage and private sites that provide job-placement information. It alsoestablished a contact point that enables female students to directly apply to participate.
(Initiatives by the Fire and Disaster Management College)
 In FY2016 the FDMA newly established a five-day course exclusively for women with the primary goal of
supporting career development for female firefighting officials, and also allocated 5% of the spaces in othercourses for women.
 In FY2015 the FDMA established the Sakura Club consisting offacilities exclusively for women such as the baths, restrooms,
locker rooms, lounges, and more that women need for dormitory life.

Scenes from the one-day internship program

PR poster for female firefighting
officials

(Special Feature 5) Special Fire Prevention Security Instituted at the Ise-Shima Summit
 The Ise-Shima Summit was held on May 26 and 27, with the Shima Kanko Hotel located in Shima City, Mie
Prefecture serving as its main venue.

[Initiatives prior to the Holding of the Summit]
 The FDMA’s Headquarters on Response Readiness for the Ise-Shima Summit
was established on June 15, 2015, and the Ise-Shima Summit Fire Prevention
and Ambulance Service Response Committee was established on July 29.
Security measures:

Enhance terrorist response structures by augmenting anddeploying terrorist response vehicles and equipment, designate
facilities subject to the security, hold NBC disaster response
drills at the local security headquarters, hold guard inspections
aimed at the leaders of each team and confirm the essentials of
the disaster activities when it comes to the security measures.

NBC response drill at the main venue

Preventive measures: Onsite inspection of facilities related to the summit and fire
prevention instructions in cooperation with local fire
departments and supporting fire departments.
Other:

Hold disaster response drills, ceremonies celebrating theorganizations, and more in cooperation with the facility
officials at the structures subject to security, including themain venue and the location where the prime minister will
spend the night.

Firefighting teams and firefighting vehicles
gathered from all over Japan at the venue
for the organization ceremony[Structure for Special Fire Prevention Security, etc.]
 The special security period lasted for 6 days from 17:00 on May 24 until 9:00 on May 29
 A special fire prevention security structure consisting of 99 firefighting vehicles, 6 firefighting helicopters, and 1,014
firefighting and other personnel (912 guard personnel and 102 preventive personnel)
 Provide security for the hotel where the prime minister will spend the night, the major lodging facilities in Shima
City and Toba City, the international media center, Chubu Centrair International Airport, and the highways thatserve as corridors for the movement of important persons
 Deploy ambulance service team vehicles to the premises of the hotel serving as the main venue and the international
media center and hold security guard activities on a 2-shift, 24-hour system
 Station firefighting helicopters at Tsu City (Isewan Heliport) and Ise City (Prefectural Ise-Shima wide-area disasterprevention base) Permanently station security personnel on a 24-hour system within the disaster prevention center within the facilities
subject to securityary measures[Activities of the Security Teams, etc.]
 There was one minor structural fire, for which the firefighting squad providing security was deployed together with alocal firefighting squad.
 Ambulance services were deployed in eight instances, in addition to which there were two false alarms from the fire
alarm system and one alarm indicating that a fire door had been used. The squads handled these in coordination withlocal firefighting squads.

Members of the general security headquarters
respond to a call for ambulance service

An ambulance service team responding to a callfor ambulance service

Major Statistical Figures
Current Status of Fires and Recent Trends (Chapter 1, Section 1)
 The number of fire outbreaks and number of fatalities from fires have been gradually trending downward overthe past ten years••••

The number of fire outbreaks in 2015 came to 39,111, with the number of fatalities from these fires coming to 1,563 people.
The number of fire outbreaks decreased compared to the previous year (a decrease of 4,630 fires), coming to 68.1% versus ten
years ago.
The number of fatalities from fires decreased compared to the previous year (decrease of 115 people), coming to 71.2% versus
ten years ago.
There were 4,033 cases of fires caused by arson, which has been the number one cause of outbreaks of fire for 19 years in a row.
[Trends in the number of fire outbreaks and the number of fatalities from fires](Fires)(People)70,0003,500
Number of fire outbreaks

60,00050,000

Number of fatalities from fires

57,46053,276 54,582 52,394

51,13950,006
46,6202,195

2,067 2,005

1,969

40,000

1,877

3,000

48,09544,1892,500

43,741
39,111

1,738 1,766 1,721

2,000
1,625 1,678

1,563

30,0001,500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

(Year)

Notes: 1. Prepared based on Fire Reports
2. See the left axis for the “Number of fire outbreaks” and the right axis for the “Number of fatalities from fire”

•
•
•
•

The number of house fires (excluding arson) in 2015 came to 11,102 fires, while the number of fatalities from house fires(excluding suicides by arson, etc.) came to 914 people.
The number of house fires decreased from the previous year (a decrease of 753 fires), coming to 65.3% versus ten years ago.
The number of fatalities from house fires decreased from the previous year (a decrease of 92 people), coming to 74.9% versus
ten years ago.
The installation rate for home fire alarms is 81.2% (as of June 1, 2016).

[Trends in the number of house fires (excluding arson) and the number of fatalities from house fires (excluding suicides byarson, etc.)](Fires)

18,00017,01417,00016,683

16,177

16,00014,77814,044
1,220

1,187

13,0001,023 1,022

1,070

1,016

11,000

1,500
1,300

12,502
11,855997 1,006 11,102
914

1,200
1,100
1,000
900

10,0002005
Notes:

1,600
1,400

13,673
12,832

1,148 1,123

12,0001,700

Number of fatalities from house fires(excluding suicides by arson, etc.)

15,61415,00014,000(People)Number of house fires(excluding arson)

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

(Year)

1. Prepared based on Fire Reports
2. See the left axis for the “Number of house fires (excluding arson)” and the right axis for the “Number of fatalities from house fires(excluding suicides by arson, etc.)”

Status for Firefighting Organizations (As of April 1, 2016) (Chapter 2, Section 1)
 Fire departments• 733 fire departments and 1,714 fire departments have been established, with the number of firefighting personnel coming to 163,043
people.
 Volunteer fire corps• The number of volunteer fire corps is 2,211 and the number of members is 856,278 people. Volunteer fire corps have been establishedin every municipality.
• The extent of the reduction in the number of volunteer fire corps has shrunk.
(2014-2015: -4,352 people → 2015-2016: -3,717 people)[Trends in the number of firefighting personnel and volunteer fire corps members](As of April 1 of each year)(People)165,000
160,000
155,000 151,703
150,000
145,000

153,439

152,464

154,487

155,524

155,016

153,952

157,860

156,758

156,082

157,396

158,809

158,327

159,730

159,354

161,244

163,043

162,124

160,392

Number of firefighting personnel

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 (Year)

1,000,000 962,625(People)951,069

950,000
957,047
900,000

937,169

944,134

919,105

928,432

Number of volunteer fire corps members

900,007

908,043

850,000

888,900

892,893883,698

885,394

874,193879,978

864,347

868,872

856,278

859,995

800,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Notes:(Year)

1. Prepared based on the Survey on the Current Status of Fire and Disaster Prevention and Earthquake Countermeasures
2. Due to the effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the number of firefighting personnel and volunteer fire corps members in Iwate Prefecture,
Miyagi Prefecture, and Fukushima Prefecture for 2011 were totaled via the figures from the previous year (as of April 1, 2010).
3. Due to the effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the figures for Onagawa Town, Oshika-Gun, Miyagi Prefecture for 2012 were totaled via thefigures from two years ago (as of April 1, 2010).

Ambulance Service Implementation Status (Chapter 2, Section 5)
 The number of times ambulances have been dispatched for emergencies has risen year by year. In 2015 they weredispatched a record high 6,054,815 times, which is a roughly 15% increase compared to ten years ago.
 The number of ambulance service teams established as of April 1, 2016 is 5,090 teams (an increase of 21 teams
compared with the previous year), which is a roughly 7% increase compared with ten years ago.
 The average time required to take someone to a hospital was 39.4 minutes in 2015 (this is 8.3 minutes longer
compared with ten years ago).
 The average time required to reach the scene was 8.6 minutes in 2015 (this is 2.1 minutes longer compared with ten
years ago).
[Trends in the time required to reach the scene and the time required to take someone to a hospital by ambulances]
Time from perception until victim is taken to hospitalTime from perception until vehicle arrives at scene(Minutes)

50.
40.

(During each year)

36.1

37.4

38.1

38.7

39.3

39.4

39.4

31.1

32.0

33.4

35.0

6.5

6.6

7.0

7.7

7.9

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.5

8.6

8.6

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

30.
20.
10.
0.
Notes:(Year)
1. Prepared based on the Survey on Ambulance Service Implementation Status
2. Due to the effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the figures were totaled by excluding data from the fire defense headquarters at the Otsuchi District
Administrative Affairs Association in Kamaishi and the fire defense headquarters in Rikuzentakata City from 2011.

<Reference> 2016 White Paper on Fire Service- Contents (Special Features)
Special Feature 1.

The Damage from and Response to the Kumamoto
Earthquakes

1. Overview of the Earthquakes
2. Overview of the Damage
3. Activities of the Government, FDMA, Firefighting Agencies, and Others
4. Verification and Challenges of the Earthquake Response

Special Feature 2.

The Damage from and Response to the Typhoons from
August 2016

1. Conditions from the Typhoons
2. Damage from Typhoon No. 7, Typhoon No. 11, and Typhoon No. 9
3. Damage from Typhoon No. 10
4. Reexaminations of Disaster Prevention Structures for Regions Prepared for
Future Water Damage

Special Feature 3.

Enhancing and Strengthening Regional Disaster Prevention
Capabilities Centered around Volunteer Fire Corps

1. Initiatives following the Enactment of the Act on Enhancing and Strengthening
Regional Disaster Prevention Capabilities Centered around Volunteer Fire
Corps and the Recent Activities of Volunteer Fire Corps and Others
2. Measures for Enhancing and Strengthening Volunteer Fire Corps to Be
Instituted in an Ongoing MannerSpecial Feature 4.

Promoting the Active Involvement of Female Firefighting
Officials in Firefighting

1. Current Status regarding Female Firefighting Officials
2. Initiatives for Promoting the Active Involvement of Female Firefighting
Officials
Special Feature 5.

Special Fire Prevention Security Instituted at the Ise-Shima
Summit1. Initiatives prior to the Holding of the Summit
2. Structure for Special Fire Prevention Security, etc.
3. Activities of the Security Teams, etc.

2016 White Paper on Fire Service- Contents (This Edition)
Chapter 1.
Section 1.
Section 2.
Section 3.
Section 4.
Section 5.
Section 6.
Section 7.
Section 8.
Chapter 2.

Current Status of and Challenges with Disasters
Fire Prevention
Disaster Countermeasures in Facilities that Handle Hazardous
Materials
Countermeasures for Disasters at Petrochemical Complexes
Countermeasures to Fires in Forests and Fields
Storm and Flood Countermeasures
Earthquake Countermeasures
Countermeasures for Nuclear Disasters
Countermeasures for Other Disasters
Fire and Disaster Prevention Organizations and Activities

Section 1.
Section 2.
Section 3.
Section 4.
Section 5.
Section 6.
Section 7.
Section 8.

Fire Service Systems
Extending Municipal Fire Services over a Wider Area
The Activities of Firefighting Personnel
Education and Training Structure
Ambulance Service Systems
Rescue Systems
Aerial Fire and Disaster Prevention System
Wide-area Firefighting / Rescue and Emergency Fire Response
Teams
Section 9. The Disaster Prevention Systems of National and Regional Public
Organizations
Section 10. Promoting the Computerization of Fire and Disaster Prevention

Chapter 3.
Section 1.
Section 2.

Responses for Public Safety
Initiatives for Public Safety
Responses to North Korean Missile Launches

Chapter 4.

Voluntary Fire and Disaster Prevention Activities and Building
Communities that are Resistant to Disasters

Chapter 5.

Responding to International Challenges

Chapter 6.

Research and Development on Science and Technology for Fireand Disaster Prevention

Attached Materials