࿒ㄽষᩥᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿

஭

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ᐶ

㸯

ࢹࣇ࢓ࣝࢥ䞉࣮ࣜ࢔䞉࢔ࣥ



◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ
Dark Tourism Sites of Note in Akita Prefecturewith Foreign Connections࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿
༙

⏣

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άືሗ࿌
௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ⚾❧኱Ꮫ➼༶ᡓຊேᮦ⫱ᡂᨭ᥼஦ᴗ̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿
ᶓ

⏣

ᜨ୕㑻



஭

ୖ

ᐶ



ᆅᇦ෌⏕ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦౛◊✲̿ඵᓠ⏫࣭࡟࠿࡯ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ̿

ᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿

ࠝㄽᩥࠞ౷༷̤̫ͥͅͺέΗȜ΋υ΢ͅ঩̳ͥ۷࢕‫֗ޗ‬̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿
஭

ୖ

ᐶ

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
㻯㻻㼂㻵㻰㸦᪂ᆺࢥࣟࢼ࢘࢖ࣝࢫឤᰁ⑕㸧ࡣࠊᖺ᭶࡟୰ᅜ†໭┬Ṋ₎
ᕷ࡛ឤᰁ⪅ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚௨㝆ࠊᖺ㸯᭶࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࢆྵࡴୡ⏺୰ࡀࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵ
ࢡ࡜࡞ࡾࠊୡ⏺ಖ೺ᶵ㛵㸦㹕㹒㹍㸧ࡀ⥭ᛴ஦ែࢆᐉゝࡍࡿ஦ែ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡾ
ࢃࡅ⛣ືࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡍࡿほග㛵㐃⏘ᴗࡀ኱ᡴᧁࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࿘▱ࡢ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡࡀᣑ኱ࡍࡿ௨๓ࠊᖺ࡟ᨻᗓࡀ⟇ᐃࡋࡓࠕ᫂᪥ࡢ᪥
ᮏࢆᨭ࠼ࡿほගࣅࢪ࡛ࣙࣥࠖࡣࠊゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᩘᖺ࡟୓ேࠊ
ᖺ࡟ࡣ୓ே࡜࠸࠺┠ᶆ್ࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓ㸯 ࠋᅜࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚ほග❧ᅜᨻ⟇ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊゼ᪥ᐈᩘࡣᖺ࡟ࡣ୓ேࡲ࡛ቑຍࢆグ㘓ࡋࡓ㸰 ࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊᅜෆࡢほගᆅ࡛ࡶࠊ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡇ
࡜ࡣグ᠈࡟᪂ࡋ࠸㸱 ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢほගᨻ⟇ࡀ⤒῭ⓗどⅬࡘࡲࡾ฼₶㏣ồ࡟೫㔜ࡋࡍࡂ࡚࠸ࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋほගࡢ◊✲࣭ᩍ⫱ࡢሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㻯㻻㼂㻵㻰ࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ⤊ᜥᚋࡢ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼࡢほගࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊほග⌧㇟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿ♫఍ࡸᩥ໬ࡢኚ
ᐜࡢศᯒࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ⛅⏣┴ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋࡓᆅ᪉≉᭷ࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊほග♫఍Ꮫࡢ▱ぢࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡸᩍ⫱࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ᭷⏝࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋᮏ✏ࡣࠊ➹⪅ࡀᮏᏛ࡛ᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿほග♫఍Ꮫࡢㅮ⩏ෆᐜࢆᴫほࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴࡢ⣒ཱྀ࡜࡞ࡿほග◊✲ࡑࡋ࡚ほගᩍ⫱ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

̿̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿព⩏ᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡀࠊ♫఍Ꮫ࡜ࡣୡ⣖ࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓ㏆௦໬ࡍࡿ♫఍ࡢᙧែࡸኚືࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿᏛၥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸲 ࠊほග♫఍Ꮫࡣከ✀ከᵝ࡞㐃Ꮠ➢♫఍Ꮫࡢ୍㡿ᇦ࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ♫఍Ꮫࡢㄌ⏕࡜᫬ᮇࢆྠࡌࡃࡋ࡚ほගࡶ㏆௦♫఍࡟඾ᆺⓗ࡞♫఍⌧㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ♫఍Ꮫ࡜ほගࡢ཮᪉ࡣ㏆௦♫఍࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦ࡟ከࡃࡢᴗ⦼ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏳᮧ㸦㸧ࡣࠊ㺀ほග♫఍Ꮫ࡜ࡣࠊ♫఍⌧㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢほගࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ᥈✲ࡋࠊࡑࡢᡂᯝࢆᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟♫఍ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆࡶ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ♫఍Ꮫࡢ୍ศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿ㺁࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ㸳 ࠋࡘࡲࡾほග♫఍Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ༢࡟ࠕほගࠖ࡜࠸࠺⌧௦♫఍࡟≉᭷ࡢ⌧㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ
ࡑࢀࢆධཱྀ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫఍࡛㉳ࡇࡿㅖၥ㢟ࢆᫎࡋฟࡍ㐨ල࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊேࡧ࡜ࡢ⛣ືࡸ஺ὶ࡜࠸࠺ᗈ࠸ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡑࢀࡽࢆྲྀࡾ
ᕳࡃ♫఍ࡸᩥ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࠊ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࠊ࢖ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻほගࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡞࡝ᴟࡵ࡚⌧௦ⓗ࡞⌧㇟࠿ࡽࠊ」㞧࡞♫఍ࡸᩥ໬࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࠸ࡲࠊࠕ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿほගࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸
࠺ၥ㢟ព㆑ࡣࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀほගࡢ◊✲࣭ᩍ⫱㛵ಀ⪅ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇ࡜ࠊほග⏘ᴗ࡟ᦠࢃࡿேࡧ࡜ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ୙せ୙ᛴࡢእฟࢆไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢேࡧ࡜
࡟ඹ㏻ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢃࡎ࠿࡞ᮇ㛫࡛࢘࢕ࣝࢫࢆᆅ⌫つᶍࡲ࡛ᣑᩓࡉ
ࡏࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡣࠊほගࡀࡇࢀ࡯࡝ࡲ࡛࡟ୡ⏺࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊேࡧ࡜ࡀ⛣ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡟ࡋࡓ♫఍࠿ࡽࡢᛴ⃭࡞ኚ໬ࡀ࠸ࡲ
ᐇ㝿࡟㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿ⣒ཱྀ࡜ࡋ࡚ほග♫఍Ꮫࡢ▱ぢࡀᙺ࡟❧ࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋほග♫఍Ꮫࡢㅮ⩏ෆᐜࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊほග♫఍ᏛࡢどⅬࢆᴫほࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ➹⪅ࡀᮏᏛ࡛ᢸᙜࡍࡿほග♫఍Ꮫࡢㅮ⩏ࡢෆᐜࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋᮏㅮ⩏ࡣ㸯ᖺḟࢆ㓄ᙜᖺḟ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᚲ
ಟ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿほගࡢධ㛛⛉┠ࢆ๓ᮇ࡟ཷㅮ῭࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊほගࡢ࢔࢘ࢺࣛ
࢖ࣥࡣᥗࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ㅮ⩏ෆᐜࢆ⦅ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸴 ࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏᏛࡢᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉ࡣἲᏛ㒊࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ♫఍Ꮫࡣᑓᨷࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡣ
̿̿ᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿

ࡌࡵ࡚♫఍ᏛࢆᏛࡪᏛ⏕࡟ࡶ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊ♫఍ᏛࡢᇶᮏᴫᛕࡶᏛಟ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ᮏㅮ⩏࡛ࡣࠊօほග♫఍Ꮫ⌮ㄽࡢ࢔࢘ࢺࣛ࢖ࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢయ⣔ࢆᇶ♏࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࠊֆほග♫఍Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ⏝࠸࡚⌧௦ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ほගࢆࡵࡄࡿ஦㇟ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡢ஧Ⅼࢆẁ㝵ⓗ࡞฿㐩┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚タᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᐇᏛ࡛࠶ࡿほගᏛ࡛ࡣࠊࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞◊✲᪉ἲࡀ㔜どࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ♫఍࡛㉳ࡇࡿㅖၥ㢟ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⌮ㄽࡸどⅬࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡋࡓ฿㐩┠ᶆࡈ࡜࡟ㅮ⩏ෆᐜࢆᴫほࡋࡼ࠺ࠋօほග♫఍Ꮫ⌮ㄽࡢ࢔࢘ࢺࣛ࢖ࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢయ⣔ᮏㅮ⩏ࡢ➨୍ẁ㝵ࡢ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚タᐃࡋࡓࠊࠕほග♫఍Ꮫ⌮ㄽࡢ࢔࢘ࢺࣛ࢖ࣥ
࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢయ⣔ࢆᇶ♏࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫせࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ㸰࡛㏙࡭ࡓほග♫఍ᏛࢆᏛಟࡍࡿព⩏ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊほග♫఍Ꮫࡢ◊✲ᑐ㇟ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ♫఍Ꮫ࡜ほගࡢㄌ⏕࠿ࡽ࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢฟ⌧࡜ࡑࡢᘢᐖࠊࡑ
ࡋ࡚ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ほග࡬࡜⥆ࡃ୍㐃ࡢほගྐࢆ♫఍ᏛࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ☜ㄆࡋࠊ㔜せ࡞㆟ㄽࡢ࢔࢘ࢺࣛ࢖ࣥࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿᵓᡂ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ ♫఍Ꮫ࡜㏆௦ほගࡢㄌ⏕ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠊ⏘ᴗ㠉࿨࡜࠸࠺♫఍ኚືࢆዎᶵ࡟㏆௦ほගࡀฟ⌧ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇ
ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ♫఍Ꮫ࡜ほගࡣ㏆௦໬࡟ࡼࡿ⏘≀࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࠕ㏆௦ほගࡢ∗ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࢡࢵࢡࡀࠊୡ⣖࡟㛤ᴗ㛫ࡶ࡞࠸㕲㐨ࢆ㈚ࡋษࡾ᪥ᖐࡾࡢ⚗㓇ࢶ࢔࣮ࢆദ⾜ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ㏆௦ほගࡢฟ⌧࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸵 ࠋࡘࡲࡾ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊほගࡀᕷẸ࡟ᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ⫼ᬒ࡟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ᭷㛩㝵⣭࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ᐩ
⿱ᒙࡢฟ⌧ࠊ♫఍⏕ά࡟ࡼࡿປാ࡜వᬤࡢศ㞳ࠊ㕲㐨ࡢⓎᒎ࡞࡝ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣ㈨ᮏ୺⩏⤒῭ࡢⓎᒎ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ほග♫఍Ꮫ◊✲ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺḟ࡟ࠊほග♫఍Ꮫ◊✲ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᏳᮧ㸦㸧̿̿ࡀᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠊ♫఍Ꮫࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦࡢ♫఍✵㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⾜Ⅽ⪅ࢆ㉳Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚♫఍㛵ಀࠊ♫఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫఍ࡢ㸲ࡘࡢḟඖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓ㸶 ࠋ⾜Ⅽ⪅ࡢḟඖࡣࠊᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࢥ࣮࢚ࣥ࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠊほග⪅ࡢほග⾜ືࢆ♫఍ⓗ⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡋほග⪅ࢆ㢮ᆺࡍࡿ◊✲࡛࠶ࡾࠊ♫఍㛵ಀࡢḟඖࡣࠊࢤࢫࢺ࣭
ࣈ࣮࣮࣭ࣟ࢝࣍ࢫࢺࡢ┦஫⾜Ⅽ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡸ㸷 ࠊࢻࢡࢩ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣛࢲࢳ
ᗘࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ ࠋ♫఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢḟඖࡣࠊほග࡜ᆅᇦ♫఍㛵ಀࡢ◊✲࡛࠶ࡾࠊほගᆅ⮬యࢆ♫఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢእ㒊せᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚≢⨥࡞࡝ࡢ♫఍ၥ㢟ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋᩥ໬ኚᐜࡸ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡶចࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ஦ែࡀ⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ᭱ᚋࡢࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫఍ࡢḟඖࠖࡣࠊᅜ㝿ほගࡸࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫఍㛵ಀࡢ◊✲࡛ࠊ༡໭ၥ㢟ࡸ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓཎᅉࡣࠊ㏆௦ୡ⏺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢṔྐⓗᙧᡂ㐣⛬࡛㏆௦໬ࢆඛ࡟㐩ᡂࡋࡓඛ㐍ㅖᅜࡀࠊ
ᦢྲྀࠊᾐ㏱ࠊศ᩿ࠊ㎶ቃ໬࡞࡝ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᮍ㐩ᡂࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚♫఍ⓗ࡞୙ᖹ➼ࡸ୙ṇ⩏ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓ ࠋ ࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢฟ⌧࡜ࡑࡢᘢᐖ
࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢฟ⌧࡜ࡑࡢᘢᐖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓほගᏛࡢධ㛛⛉┠࡟࠾࠸࡚᪤⩦῭࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㏆௦໬ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿෆᐜ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ほගࡣ᭷㛩㝵⣭ࡢ≉ᶒ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࡢⲨᗫ࠿ࡽ᚟⯆ࡋࡓඛ㐍ㅖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚኱⾗࡟ࡲ࡛ᗈࡀࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᖺ௦㡭࠿ࡽࠕ࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࠖࡢ᫬௦ࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ྠ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ኱㔞⏕⏘࣭኱㔞ᾘ㈝♫఍ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆ㏄࠼⤒῭ⓗ࡞㇏࠿ࡉࡀ኱⾗ࡲ࡛ᾐ㏱ࡋࡓࠋᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜すḢ࡟ຍ࠼᪥ᮏࡶほග㏦ࡾฟࡋᅜ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ ࠋࡑࡢᘢᐖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊほගᆅࡢᩥ໬ኚ
ᐜࠊ≢⨥ࡸ኎᫓ࡢⓎ⏕ࠊ⎔ቃởᰁ࡞࡝ࠊ࣍ࢫࢺ࡜ࢤࢫࢺ㛫࡟࠶ࡿ♫఍⤒῭ⓗ࡞୙ᆒ⾮࡜ࡋ࡚ࢿ࢜ࢥࣟࢽ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ᢈุࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓ ࠋ ᪂ࡋ࠸ほග̿ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ほග࡜ࢫ࣌ࢩࣕࣝ࢖ࣥࢱࣞࢫࢺࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒
๓㏙ࡋࡓ⌮⏤࠿ࡽࠊᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡼࡾ࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀᢈุࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞
ࡾ᪂ࡋ࠸ほගࡀᶍ⣴ࡉࢀጞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᖺ௦ᚋ༙࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊୡ⏺ほගᶵ㛵㸦䠱䠪䠳䠰䠫㸧ࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸ほගᙧែࡢᐇ㊶ࢆୡ⏺ࡢほගᆅ࡛ඛᑟࡍࡿࡼ࠺
̿̿ᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿

࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ྡ⛠࡛࿧ࡤࢀࡓ  ࠋᖺ௦ึ㢌ࡢሗ࿌᭩࡛ࠊ
͆䠯䡑䡏䡐䠽䡅䡊䠽䠾䡈䡁 䠰䡋䡑䡎䡅䡏䡉 䠠䡁䡒䡁䡈䡋䡌䡉䡁䡊䡐͇࡜⾲グࡉࢀࡓࡢࡕࠊほග◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢧࢫࢸ࢕ࢼࣈࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀᗈࡃ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ ࠋࡲࡓࠊᖺ᭶࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࠕୡ⏺ほග೔⌮᠇❶࡛ࠖࡣࠊ⎔ቃࠊᩥ໬㑇⏘ࠊ♫఍࡟୚࠼ࡿ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈࡟ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊほගࡢⓎᒎࢆ᭱኱㝈࡟ᘬࡁฟࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࠊྛᅜᨻᗓࠊほගᴗ⏺ࠊᆅᇦ♫఍ࠊ᪑⾜⪅➼ࡢ඲࡚ࡢࢫࢸ࣮
ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡀࠊ㈐௵࠶ࡿᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ほගࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢつ⠊࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡇࢀ࡜ࡣู࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡸࢫ࣌ࢩࣕࣝ
࢖ࣥࢱࣞࢫࢺࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᴫᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ☜ㄆࡋࡓ ࠋ ほගࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋ
࢔࣮࣮ࣜ࡟ࡼࡿࠗほගࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋ̿⌧௦♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣞࢪ࣮ࣕ࡜᪑⾜࠘ࡣࠊほග♫఍Ꮫ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᩥ⊩࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓ ࠋࡲ࡞ࡊࡋ࡜ࡣࠊࣇ࣮ࢥ࣮ࡀࠗ⮫ᗋ་Ꮫࡢㄌ⏕࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡓࠕ་Ꮫⓗࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࠖ
ࡢᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࢆࠊ࢔࣮࣮ࣜࡣࡑࢀࢆほගࡢሙ㠃࡟ᛂ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋ࢔࣮࣮ࣜࡣࠊほග࡜࠸࠺య㦂ࡢ୍㒊ࡣࠊ᪥ᖖ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓ␗࡞ࡿᬒⰍ࣭㢼ᬒ࣭⾤୪ࡳ࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࠖࢆᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄽࡌࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊほගࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆᵓᡂࡋⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᚋᢲࡋࡍࡿከࡃࡢ⫋ᴗᑓ㛛ᐙࠊࡘࡲࡾほග㛵㐃⏘ᴗ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿேࡧ࡜ࡀ࠸ࡿࡢࡣ་Ꮫࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋ࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࡝ࡢ᫬௦ࡢࠕࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࠖࡶࡑࡢ཯ᑐᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ㠀ほගⓗᙧែࠖ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࢔࣮࣮ࣜࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚㐓⬺ㄽࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ ࠋࡘࡲࡾほගࡣ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠿ࡽࡢࠕ㐓⬺⾜Ⅽ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊほගᐈࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࡢᙧᡂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㠀ほගⓗᙧែ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠕṇᖖ࡞♫఍࡛ࠖ࡞࡟ࡀ⏕㉳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ඃࢀࡓ
᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ࢔࣮࣮ࣜࡣほගࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࡢᑐ㇟ࢆձ࣐ࣟࣥ
୺⩏ⓗᑐ㞟ྜⓗࠊղṔྐⓗᑐ⌧௦ⓗࠊճᮏ≀ᑐࡲࡀ࠸≀ࡢ஧㡯ᑐ❧࡛࠺ࡲࡃศ
㢮࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕձ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊఱࡀࠕ࣐ࣟࣥ୺⩏ⓗࡲ࡞ࡊࡋ࡛ࠖఱࡀࠕ㞟ྜⓗࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࠖ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊලయⓗ࡞ほගᆅࡢሙ㠃࡛⪃ᐹࡋ⌮ゎࢆ
῝ࡵࡓࠋ
̿̿

 ほග⤒㦂ࡢ㢮ᆺࢥ࣮࢚ࣥࡣࠗほග⤒㦂ࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊほග⤒㦂ࢆ㸳ࡘࡢ࣮ࣔࢻ࡟㢮ᆺࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ᪥ᖖࡢ㏥ᒅࡉ࠿ࡽ㏨ࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢほග⤒㦂࡛࠶ࡿࠕẼᬕࡽࡋ࣮ࣔࢻࠖࠊ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ປാάືࡢሙ࠿ࡽࡢ୍᫬ⓗ࡞㞳⬺ࡀ┠ⓗࡢࠕࣞࢡ࢚࣮ࣜ
ࢩ࣭࣮ࣙࣥࣔࢻࠖࠊゼၥඛ࡛⏕ࡁࡿேࠎࡢ⏕άᵝᘧࡸ౯್ほ࡟៿ࢀࡍࡈ࠸࡜ᛮ
࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ឤぬࢆᣢࡕࠊࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀ࣮࢜ࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡞ࣛ࢖ࣇࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡟⮳ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ほග࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⤒㦂࣮ࣔࢻࠖࠊ௚⪅ࡢ⏕ά࡟៿ࢀឤືࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛
࡞ࡃࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࡇ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚య㦂ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠕయ㦂࣮ࣔࢻࠖࠊ༢⣧࡞ࠕయ㦂ࠖ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎ࡟⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⏕άᵝᘧࡸ౯್ほࢆᤞ࡚ཤࡾࠊほග࡛▱ࡗࡓ௚⪅ࡢ⏕άᵝᘧࡸ౯್ほࢆỌ㐲࡟⮬ศࡢࡶࡢ࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠕᐇᏑ࣮ࣔࢻࠖࡢ㸳ࡘࡀ࠶ࡿࠋほග⤒㦂ࡣ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡟ࡼࡗ࡚௙⤌ࡲࢀࡓேᕤⓗ࡛᠜␲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽࠊほගᆅ࡛ᬽࡽࡍேࠎࡢᮏ≀ࡢᬽࡽࡋࡸ┿ṇ࡞ᩥ໬࡟ᾐࡿࡶࡢ࡬ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜
ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࠋֆほග♫఍Ꮫ⌮ㄽࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲஦౛ḟ࡟ࠊほග♫఍Ꮫࡢㅮ⩏࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➨㸰ẁ㝵ࡢ┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠊࠕほග♫఍Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ⏝࠸࡚⌧௦ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ほගࢆࡵࡄࡿ஦㇟ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊほග♫఍Ꮫࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࠊࢸ࣮࣐ࣃ࣮ࢡࡸ⛅⏣┴ࡢ஦౛࡞࡝ࠊᏛ⏕࡟㌟㏆࡞ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓㅮ⩏ෆᐜࡢ୍㒊ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ ࣮࢜ࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࢩࢸ࢕࡜ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣛࢡࣝ
ࣈ࣮࢔ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡣࠗᗁᙳࡢ᫬௦࠘   ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⯆࿡ࡢ኱㒊ศࡣࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ༳㇟ࡀ᪂⪺ᫎ⏬ࢸࣞࣅ࡟ฟ࡚ࡃࡿ࢖࣓ࢪ࡟ఝ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝
࠺࠿ࢆࡋࢀࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ዲወᚰ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࠖ࡜ࠕ␲ఝ࢖࣋ࣥࢺㄽࠖࢆၐ࠼ࡓ ࠋ୍᪉࡛࣐࣮࢟ࣕࢿࣝࡣࠊࠗࢨ࣭ࢶ࣮ࣜࢫࢺ࠘   ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢦࣇ࣐ࣥࡢ
⌮ㄽࢆ᥼⏝ࡋࠊほගᐈࡣ࣮࢜ࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࢩࢸ࢕㸦┿ṇᛶ㸧ࢆồࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊほගᐈࡣࡔࢀ࡛ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿ⾲⯙ྎ㸦ࣇࣟࣥࢺ㸧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃほගᐈࡢࡓࡵ࡟₇ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸⌧ᆅࡢேࡔࡅࡀ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤࡸᩥ໬࡛࠶ࡿ⯙ྎ⿬㸦ࣂࢵࢡ㸧ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࣈ࣮࢔ࢫࢸ࢖ࣥ࡟␗㆟ࢆၐ࠼ࡓ ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ࣮࣍ࢻ࣮ࣜࣖࣝࡣࠗࢩ
࣑࣮ࣗࣛࢡࣝ࡜ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࠘   ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝ㸦ᮏ≀㸧̿̿ᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿

࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢥࣆ࣮㸦ࢽࢭࣔࣀ㸧ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆࠕࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣛࢡࣝࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⥲⛠ࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱ึ࠿ࡽࠕᮏ≀ࠖࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠊ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢࣂ࣮ࢳࣕࣝࡔࡅ࡛ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡓࢩ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣛࢡࣝࢆ≉࡟ࠕࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡜࿧ࡧࠊᮏ≀࡜࠸࠺ᇶ‽Ⅼࡀኻࢃࢀࠊᮏ
≀࠿ഇ≀ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ព࿡ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ⌧௦♫఍ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄽࡌࡓ ࠋࡇࡢᩥ⊩࡛ࡶࢹ࢕ࢬࢽ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢆ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡼࡾලయⓗ࡟ᮾிࢹ࢕ࢬࢽ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡜ࡑࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡵ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ෆᐜ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ ఏ⤫ࡢ๰㐀̿⛅⏣ࡢࡲࡘࡾṔྐᏛ⪅ࡢ࣍ࣈࢬ࣒࣎࢘ࡣࠊ
ࠗ๰ࡽࢀࡓఏ⤫࠘   ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊఏ⤫ࡣࠊࡑࡢᐇ ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡈࡃ᭱㏆ᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓ᫬࡟ࡣᤐ㐀ࡉࢀࡓࡾࡋࡓࡶࡢࡶ࠶
ࡿ࡜ㄽࡌࡓ ࠋࡲࡓࠊほගே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࡢᶫᮏ  ࡣࠊᆅᇦࡢேࠎࡀⓎぢ࣭๰㐀ࡋࠊ⫱࡚ୖࡆࡓࡶࡢࡀᆅᇦᩥ໬࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᆅᇦࡢ≉ᚩࢆ้༳ࡉࢀࡓᆅᇦ
ᛶ㸦࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢸ࢕㸧࡜῝ࡃ㛵ಀࡋࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢᆅᇦᛶࡶࡲࡓᡤ୚ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃⓎぢ࣭᝿ീࡉࢀࠊேࠎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⫱࡚࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓ ࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ⏨㮵ࡢࢼ࣐ࣁࢤࠖࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕ࡜ࠊ࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ᖺ࠿ࡽ㛤ദࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠕ࡞ࡲࡣࡆᰘⅉࡲࡘࡾࠖࡸࠊࡑࡢほගᐈྥࡅ࡟๰స
ࡉࢀࡓࠕ࡞ࡲࡣࡆኴ㰘ࠖࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋ ほගࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ
ᒱ㜧┴㧗ᒣᕷࡣࠕఫࡳࡼ࠸ࡲࡕࡣ⾜ࡁࡼ࠸ࡲࡕࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆᇶᮏ࡟ྲྀࡾ
⤌ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠊ࠸ࢃࡤほගࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢඛ㐍ᆅᇦࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ㣕㦌ࡢᑠி㒔ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᖺ௦ࡼࡾほගᐈࢆ㡰ㄪ࡟ఙࡤࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᅜ㕲ศ๭ẸႠ໬ࡸࣂࣈࣝᔂቯࡢ࠶࠾ࡾࢆཷࡅࠊᖺ௦ึ㢌࡟ࡣほගᐈࡀ⃭ῶࡋࠊᇶᖿ⏘ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿほග⏘ᴗࡢάᛶ໬ࡀᛴົ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛㧗ᒣᕷࡣࠊ඲ᅜᖹᆒࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸㧗㱋໬⋡࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ⾜ᨻࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㧗㱋♫఍࡟ྥࡅࡓほගㄏ⮴࡜ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࣂࣜ࢔ࣇ࣮ࣜ໬᪋⟇࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㧗ᒣᕷࡣほගᐈࡀಸቑࡋࠊࠕ⚟♴ほග㒔ᕷࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜෆእࡼࡾ㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆᚓࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆゼ᪥እᅜேほගᐈ࡟ࡶᣑ኱ࡋࠊゝㄒࡢࣂࣜ࢔ࣇ࣮ࣜ໬ࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡟᥎㐍̿̿ࡋࠊࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ๓ࡣከࡃࡢእᅜேࡀゼࢀࡿேẼࡢほගᆅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ⛅⏣࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᶓᡭᕷቑ⏣⏫ࡢࠕቑ⏣ࡢෆⶶࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ
ᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࡢほගࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ◊✲஦౛ࡶ⤂௓ࡋࡓ ࠋ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿᆅ᪉ࡢほගᩍ⫱࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ほග♫఍Ꮫࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡋࡓㅮ⩏ෆᐜࢆᴫほࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀ
ࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ⛅⏣ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿᆅ᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼࡢほග◊✲࠾ࡼࡧᩍ⫱࡟ྥࡅ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࡭ࡁ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㸱ࡘࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡃࠋօ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡟࡞ࡿ᪥ᖖ࡜㠀᪥ᖖࡢቃ⏺
ୡ⏺ほගᶵ㛵㸦䠱䠪䠳䠰䠫㸧ࡣࠊほග㸦䡐䡋䡑䡎䡅䡏䡉㸧࡜ࡣࠕࣞࢪ࣮ࣕࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫࠊ
ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛ࠊ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚㸯ᖺࢆ㉸࠼࡞࠸ᮇ㛫ࠊ㏻ᖖࡢ⏕ά⎔ቃ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓሙᡤࢆ᪑⾜ࡋࡓࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛⁫ᅾࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿேࡢάື࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥
ᖖࡢ⏕ά⎔ቃࢆ㞳ࢀࡓሙᡤ࡜ࡣࡘࡲࡾࠊ㠀᪥ᖖࡢሙᡤࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢆྵࡴ࡞࡝ࠊ┠ⓗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࢔࣮࣮ࣜࡣࠊ᪑ࡣࠊఫࡲ࠸ࡸປാࡢ࠶ࡿ㏻ᖖࡢሙᡤ௨እࡢሙᡤ࡬࡜ྥ࠿࠺ࡇ
࡜ࠊ⁫ᅾࡣࡑࡢሙ࡟␃ࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡢ⁫ᅾᮇ㛫࠿ࡘࠊ▷ᮇ࡛࠿ࡘ୍
᫬ⓗ࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡕࠊẚ㍑ⓗ㏆࠸࠺ࡕ࡟ࠕᐙࠖ࡬ᡠࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᚰ✚ࡶࡾࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ
ࡑࡢሙᡤࡣࠊ㈤ປാ࡜┤᥋⤖ࡧࡘ࠿࡞࠸ᑐ㇟࡛ࠊ㏻ᖖࡢປാ࡜ᑐẚࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺
࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ㻯㻻㼂㻵㻰ࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡᚋ࡟ࡣࠊ➨㸱ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࣀ࣮࣐ࣝ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿேࠎࡢ⏕άᵝᘧࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮬Ꮿ࠿ࡽ㸯㹼㸰᫬㛫⛬ᗘࡢ⛣ືᅪෆࡢࠕᆅඖ࡛ࠖほගࡍࡿ㏆㊥㞳᪑⾜࡛ࠊᆅᇦࡢ㨩ຊࡢ෌Ⓨぢ࡜ᆅᇦ⤒῭࡬ࡢ㈉⊩ࢆᛕ㢌࡟⨨࠸ࡓ᪑⾜ᙧែ࡛࠶ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡶᥦၐࡉࢀࡓ ࠋឤᰁ㜵Ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢹ࢕ࢫࢱࣥࢫ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⏕ά⎔ቃࡣ኱ࡁࡃኚ
໬ࡋࠊࢸ࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࡸᅾᏯ໅ົ࡜࠸ࡗࡓാࡁ᪉࡟ࡶኚ໬ࡀ⌧ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᆅ᪉๰
ᡂࡢษࡾᮐ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡛࡟ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࢸ࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ➼ࢆά⏝ࡋࠊࣜࢰ࣮ࢺ
ᆅࡸἨᆅࠊᅜ❧බᅬ➼ࠊᬑẁࡢ⫋ሙ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿሙᡤ࡛వᬤࢆᴦࡋࡳࡘࡘ௙஦

ࢆ⾜࠺ࠕ࣮࣡ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ᪥ᖖ࡜㠀᪥ᖖࡢቃ⏺ࡀࠊࡼࡾ̿̿ᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿

᭕᫕࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ࣮࣡ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥ࡟ࡼࡾࡑࡢᆅᇦ࡟㨩ຊࢆឤࡌࡿዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡾࠊࢥ࣮࢚ࣥࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ᥼⏝ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࢀࡤࠊࠕయ㦂࣮ࣔࢻࠖࢆ⤒࡚ࠕᐇᏑ࣮ࣔࢻࠖ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⛣ఫ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ
ֆࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢩࣈࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᚲせᛶෑ㢌࡛ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼࡢ࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ᆺࠊ࢖࣋ࣥࢺᆺほගࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚෌⪃ࡍࡿవᆅࡣ኱࠸࡟࠶ࡿࠋ
ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ほගࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟࠶ࡿࠕࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢩࣈࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࠕ㈐௵࠶ࡿほගࠖࢆព࿡ࡋࠊほගᐈࡀ⮬㌟ࢆࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㔜せせ⣲ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ᤊ࠼ࠊ㈐௵࠶ࡿほගࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡼࡾࡼ࠸ほගᆅࢆࡘࡃࡾୖࡆࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡋ
࠸⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢥࣟࢼ⚝௨๓࡟ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓ࣐ࢫࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡸゼ᪥࢖ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻほගᐈࡢᛴቑ࡟క࠸ࠊほගᆅ࡛ࡣ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡼࡿᵝࠎ࡞ᘢᐖࡀၥ㢟どࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ ࠋࡇࢀࡣ⛅⏣࡛ࡶ౛እ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊほᱜࡸⰼⅆ኱఍ࠊࡲࡘࡾ࡞࡝ࡢ
࢖࣋ࣥࢺ㛤ദ᫬࡟ࠊᒁᡤⓗ࡟࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾᆅᇦࡀ⑂ᘢࡍࡿ ࠋ
๓㏙ࡋࡓ⏨㮵ᕷ࡛㸰᭶࡟㛤ദࡉࢀࡿࠕ࡞ࡲࡣࡆᰘⅉࡲࡘࡾ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᖺ㸦➨ᅇ㸧ࡼࡾࠊ஦๓⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳไ࡟ࡼࡿேᩘไ㝈ࡸ࣡ࢡࢳࣥ᥋✀῭ド᫂᭩➼ࡢᥦ♧࡜ࠊほගᐈ࡟ධሙ༠㈶㔠ࡢ㈇ᢸࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢩࣈࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ
࣒࡟ྥࡅࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ືࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ ࠋࡲࡓࠊᖺ࡟ࡣᅜ㐃࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㛤Ⓨ┠ᶆ㸦䠯䠠䠣䡏㸧ࠖࡀᥦၐࡉࢀ ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᖺࡢࠕ㛤Ⓨࡢࡓࡵࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ᅜ㝿ほගᖺࠖ࡟ࡼࡾࠊほගࡀ䠯䠠䠣䡏࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿḟࡢ㸳ࡘࡢ㡿ᇦࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࠺ࡅࠊࡼࡾὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ ࠋ≉࡟ࠊࠕㄡ୍ேྲྀࡾṧࡉ࡞࠸ࠖ 䡈䡁䠽䡒䡁 䡊䡋 䡋䡊䡁 䠾䡁䡄䡅䡊䡀㸧࡜࠸࠺ㄋ࠸ࡣࠊᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡶ㏻ᗏࡍࡿࠋ
ևࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡜ࡣࠊࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢேࡀᴦࡋࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟๰ࡽࢀࡓ᪑⾜࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㧗㱋ࡸ㞀ᐖ➼ࡢ᭷↓࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎㄡ࡛ࡶࡀẼවࡡ࡞ࡃཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿ᪑⾜ࠖ̿̿࡜ほගᗇࡀᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡇࡢᴫᛕࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊ࣓࢖ࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜ࡑࡢ㸵ཎ๎ࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟➃ࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᮾி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ
ࠕࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ⾜ືィ⏬ࠖࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࢀࡓ ࠋࡑࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ㞀ᐖࡢ♫఍ࣔࢹࣝࠖ࡜࠸࠺࡟ࡶὀ┠ࡋࡓ࠸ ࠋࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡸ㞀ᐖ⪅࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊゼ᪥࢖ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻほගᐈ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࢶ࢔࣮࡬ࡢ
ཧຍ⪅ࡸほග᪋タෆ࡛ከゝㄒᑐᛂࡸ┦ᡭࡢᩥ໬࡬ࡢ⌮ゎ࡞࡝ࠊྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࡭ࡁෆᐜࡣᗈ⠊࡟ࢃࡓࡿࠋ
㛗㔝┴࡛ࡣࠊ┴ࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪋⟇ࢆࠕಙᕞᆺࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࠖ࡜⛠ࡋࠊ┴Ẹࡢ࠿࠸ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡜࠾ࡶ࡚࡞ࡋࡢ

ᚰ࡛ࠕᒣࡶ㇂ࡶ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࣭Ꮫࡪࠖࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᪋⟇ࡢ୕኱≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊձேᮦ㸸ᆅᇦ࡛ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺయไࡢ඘ᐇࠊղᶵ
ჾ㸸ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᶵჾࡢ඘ᐇࠊճᆅᇦ㸸ಙᕞ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢࣂࣜ࢔࡛࠶ࡿᒣࡸ⮬↛ࢆほග㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ྲྀ
ࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅճ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣂࣜ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊᆅ᪉ࡢほගࢆྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࠺࠼࡛㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ ࠋ
ࡴࡍࡧ࡟࠿࠼࡚
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟ྥࡅ࡚࣮ࣟ࢝ࣛ࢖ࢬࡉࢀࡓほග♫఍ᏛࢆᏛࡪどⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸୍࡚⪃ᐹࢆ㏙࡭ࡓࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᏛࡧࡀせồࡉࢀࡿほගࡢᏛၥ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ♫఍⌧㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢほගࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ᥈✲ࡋࠊࡑࡢᡂᯝࢆᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟♫఍ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆࡶ⪃ᐹࡍࡿほග♫఍ᏛࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗ㇏࠿ࡉࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ♫఍ࡸᆅᇦࡢᖾ⚟ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ୍ຓ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ௒ᅇࡢࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊୡ⏺୰ࢆ⮬⏤࡟ほගࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿࡛ࡁ࡞
࠸㎞ࡉࢆ඲ୡ⏺࡛ศ࠿ࡕྜࡗࡓࠋ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡣࠊほග⪅ࡣ㈐௵࠶
ࡿほගࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞ே࡛ࡶẼවࡡ࡞ࡃほගࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
♫఍ࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡍ࡭࡚ࡢே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ほගࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
Ỵࡋ࡚ࠕ୙せ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏ✏࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓࠊඛேࡓࡕࡀ⠏ࡁୖࡆࡓ♫఍Ꮫࡢㅖ⌮ㄽࡣࠊ඲࡚♫఍ㄪᰝ࡟̿̿ᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇドⓗ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐇ♫఍࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋほගᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ࡜ࡶࡍࢀࡤᐇົᩍ⫱࡟ഴὀࡋࡀࡕ࡛࠶
ࡿࡀࠊ┠ᣦࡍ࡭ࡁᐇᏛᩍ⫱ࡣ⌮ㄽ࡜ᐇ㊶ࡢ⼥ྜࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋᏛၥⓗどⅬࡢ࡯࠿ࠊࡑࡢ◊✲ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ♫఍ㄪᰝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋࠊ⫋ᴗయ㦂ࢆྵࡵࡓᗈ⩏ࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ࠊᐇᏛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕほගᏛࠖࡣᡂ❧ࡋᚓࡿ ࠋࣇ࣮ࢥ࣮ࡣࠊࠗ≬ẼࡢṔྐ̿ྂ඾୺⩏᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ̿࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୰ୡ࠿ࡽ
㏆௦࡟࠸ࡓࡿṔྐࡢ࡞࠿࡛≬Ẽࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠿ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕ┘⚗ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡟ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᣋⴭ㸦㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࣇ࣮ࢥ࣮ࡢၥ㢟ព㆑ࢆ᥼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ➹⪅ࡣࡇࡢどⅬࡀほග♫఍Ꮫࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞どⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟⤂௓ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࡘࡪࡸࡁẼ࿡ࡢ࠶ࡢ୙᏶඲࡞ゝⴥࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡀᛀ༷ࡢῡ࡟ࡋࡎࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ≬Ẽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ᛶࡢഃࡢ⊂ⓑ࡟࡯࠿࡞ࡽࡠ⢭⚄་Ꮫࡢゝㄒࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᇶ♏࡟
ࡣୖ㏙ࡢỿ㯲ࡋ࠿ࡶࡽ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢゝㄒࡢṔྐࢆ᭩ࡇ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࡇ࠺ࡋࡓỿ㯲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ྂᏛࢆࡘࡃࡾࡔࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ⚾ࡢពᅗ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋࣇ࣮ࢥ࣮ࡢ࠸࠺ࠕࡘࡪࡸࡁࠖࡸࠕỿ㯲ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᙼࡣࠊ┘⚗ࡉࢀࡿேࠊࡘࡲࡾ⌮ᛶⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࠕ㠀⌮ᛶࠖࠊࡘࡲࡾᙅ࠸❧ሙഃࡢኌ࡞ࡁኌࢆᥥࡁฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡼࡾၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓᆅ᪉ࡢேཱྀ
ῶᑡࡣ㐍ࡳࠊ㻯㻻㼂㻵㻰ࡢࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࡟ࡼࡾࠊほග㛵㐃⏘ᴗࡶ῝้࡞ᡴᧁࢆ
ཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣇ࣮ࢥ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕࡬ࡢどⅬࢆᛀࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊኌ
࡞ࡁኌ࡟⪥ࢆഴࡅࠊ♫఍ࡢㅖၥ㢟ࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࠕேࠖ࡜ࠕᚰࠖ
ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼࡢᆅ᪉ࡢほගࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜➹⪅ࡣ⪃࠼ࡿࠋト㸯᫂᪥ࡢ᪥ᮏࢆᨭ࠼ࡿほගࣅࢪࣙࣥᵓ᝿఍㆟㸦㸧ࠊ㸰࣮࣌ࢪࠋ㸰᪥ᮏᨻᗓほගᒁࠊ㹕㹃㹀ࢧ࢖ࢺࠋ
̿̿

㸱

࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊୡ⏺ほගᶵ㛵 䠱䠪䠳䠰䠫 ࡣࠕ┠ⓗᆅࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ୍㒊࡟ᑐࡍࡿほගࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࠊᕷẸ࠾ࡼࡧ㸭ࡲࡓࡣゼၥ⪅ࡢ⏕άࡢ㉁࡟࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㐣ᗘ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௚࡟ࡶࡉࡲࡊࡲ
࡞ᐃ⩏ࡀヨࡳࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ

㸲ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ㸿ࢥࣥࢺࡸ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ㹆ࢫ࣌ࣥࢧ࣮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚♫఍Ꮫࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

㸳Ᏻᮧ࣭ᇼ㔝࣭㐲⸨࣭ᑎᒸ⦅ⴭ㸦㸧ࠊ㸶࣮࣌ࢪࠋ㸴ほගᏛࡢධ㛛⛉┠࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕほගㄽධ㛛Ϩࠖࡀ㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㸵ᖺ㸵᭶㸳᪥࡟ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ䝭䝑䝗䝷䞁䝗䞉䜹䜴䞁䝔䜱䞊䝈㕲㐨ࡢࣞࢫࢱ࣮࠿
ࡽࣛࣇࣂ࣮ࣛࡲ࡛ࠊྡࡢ⚗㓇ㄽ⪅ྥࡅࡢ᪥ᖐࡾࢶ࢔࣮ࡀദ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㸶Ᏻᮧ࣭ᇼ㔝࣭㐲⸨࣭ᑎᒸ⦅ⴭࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

㸷ே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ㹔㹊ࢫ࣑ࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦၐࡉࢀࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋほග㛤ⓎࡀᆅᇦఫẸࡢ౯್య⣔ࢆḟ➨࡟◚ቯࡋࠊᆅᇦࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕
ࢆ႙ኻࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ᆅᇦఫẸ࡟ࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆ୚࠼ࡣࡌࡵࠊᆅᇦఫẸࡀほග࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࡸࢶ࣮ࣜࢫࢺ㐩࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕ࢖ࣛࢲࢳࠖࡀቑ኱ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㹇࢛࣮࣮࢘ࣛࢫࢸ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿࠊ㈨ᮏ୺⩏♫఍ࡀ୰ᚰ㸦㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜ㸧༙̿࿘㎶㸦㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜ㸧̿࿘㎶㸦ప㛤Ⓨᅜ㸧ࡢ୕ᒙ࡟ୡ⏺ࢆᵓ㐀໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ᴫᛕࠋᏳᮧ࣭ᇼ㔝࣭㐲⸨࣭ᑎᒸ⦅ⴭࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

ᨻ἞ⓗ࡟ࡣ⊂❧ࢆㄆࡵ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⤒῭᥼ຓ࡞࡝ࡢᙧ࡛ᪧ᐀୺ᅜࡀ⤒῭ⓗᐇᶒࢆᡭᨺࡉ࡞࠸ࡲࡲࠊ஦ᐇୖࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᨭ㓄࣭ᚑᒓ㛵ಀࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ᳜
Ẹᆅ୺⩏ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ᙧែࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ࠸࠺ࠋྠୖ᭩ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸ࢕ࣈࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࿧ࡧ᪉ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ึฟࡣ䠱䠪䠳䠰䠫ࡢ๓㌟࡛࠶ࡿ㹕㹒㹍ࡢሗ࿌᭩  ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺ほගᶵ㛵㸦䠱䠪䠳䠰䠫㸧ࠊ㹕㹃㹀ࢧ࢖ࢺࠋࢽ࣮ࣗࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊほගᗇࡣࠕཝᐦ࡞ᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡀࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ≀ぢ㐟ᒣⓗ࡞ほග᪑⾜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢸ࣮࣐ᛶࡀᙉࡃࠊయ㦂ᆺ࣭஺ὶᆺࡢ
せ⣲ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ᙧែࡢ᪑⾜ࢆᣦࡍࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢫ࣌
ࢩࣕࣝ࢖ࣥࢱࣞࢫࢺࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒㸦䠯䡌䡁䠿䡅䠽䡈 䠥䡊䡐䡁䡎䡁䡏䡐 䠰䡋䡑䡎䡅䡏䡉㸧࡜ࡣࠊ≉ู࡞┠ⓗ࡟⤠ࡗࡓ᪑⾜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㹑㹇㹒࡜␎ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
̿̿ᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿

ࠗほගࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋ࠘ࡣᖺ࡟➨㸯∧ࡀ㑥ヂࡉࢀࡓࡢࡕࠊᖺ࡟➨㸱∧ࡀ㑥ヂࡉࢀࠊᆅ⌮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ㹈࣮ࣛࢫࣥ࡜ࡢඹⴭ࡛ຍ➹ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࢔࣮࣮ࣜ㸦 㸧ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

㐓⬺ㄽࡣ㹐࣐࣮ࢺࣥࡢ◊✲ࢆࡣࡌࡵ♫఍Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㔜せ࡞ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࢔࣮࣮ࣜࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ㸴࣮࣌ࢪࠋ࢔࣮࣮ࣜ   ࠊࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

Ᏻᮧ࣭ᇼ㔝࣭㐲⸨࣭ᑎᒸ⦅ⴭࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

ࣈ࣮࢔ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ   ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

࣐࣮࢟ࣕࢿࣝ   ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

Ᏻᮧ࣭ᇼ㔝࣭㐲⸨࣭ᑎᒸ⦅ⴭࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

࣍ࣈࢬ࣒࣍࢘   ࠊ㸷࣮࣌ࢪࠋᶫᮏ  ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ஭ୖ  ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

஭ୖ  ࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ

࢔࣮࣮ࣜ   ࠊ㸵࣮࣌ࢪࠋᖺ௨㝆ࠊࢿࢵࢺ♫఍ࡢ฿᮶ࡸ࣮࣐ࣜࣥࢩࣙࢵࢡ࡟ࡼࡿ㔠⼥༴ᶵ࡟ࡼࡿ
♫఍ኚືࡢ㝿࡟ࡶࢽ࣮ࣗࣀ࣮࣐ࣝ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ⮬Ꮿ࠿ࡽ࠾ࡼࡑ㸯᫬㛫ᅪෆࡢ㏆㞄࡬ࡢ▷㊥㞳᪑⾜ࢆ♧ࡍ⏝ㄒ࡛ࠊᫍ㔝ࣜࢰ࣮ࢺࡢᫍ㔝ె㊰௦⾲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྡ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋ

࣮࣡ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ䡓䡋䡎䡇㸦ാࡃ㸧࡜䡒䠽䠿䠽䡐䡅䡋䡊㸦ఇᬤ㸧ࡢ㐀ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞
࠾ࠊᆅ᪉๰ᡂࡢษࡾᮐ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ࣮࣡ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⮬἞య༠㆟఍ࠖࡀᖺ࡟タ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㜿㒊㸦㸧࡟ヲࡋ࠸ࠋ⛅⏣➎⇠ࡲࡘࡾ㸦⛅⏣ᕷ㸧ࡸ඲ᅜⰼⅆ➇ᢏ኱఍ ኱௝ᕷ ࡞࡝࢖࣋ࣥࢺ᫬࡟
ࡣ஺㏻㞟୰࡞࡝ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

⏨㮵࡞ࡧࠊ㹕㹃㹀ࢧ࢖ࢺࠋᖺࡲ࡛࡟ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡛ࡼࡾࡼ࠸ୡ⏺ࢆ┠ᣦࡍᅜ㝿┠ᶆ࡛ࠊࡢࢦ࣮ࣝ࡜
ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋほගࡀ䠯䠠䠣䡏࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿ㡿ᇦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊձໟᣓⓗ࡛ᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࠊղ♫఍ⓗໟᦤ࣭㞠⏝๰ฟ࣭㈋ᅔ㍍ῶࠊճ㈨※ࡢຠ⋡໬࣭⎔ቃಖㆤ࣭Ẽೃኚືࠊ̿̿մᩥ໬ⓗ౯್࣭ከᵝᛶ࣭㑇⏘ࠊյ┦஫⌮ゎ࣭ᖹ࿴࣭Ᏻ඲ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢ㸳㡯┠ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋほගᗇ㸦㸧ࠊ㹕㹃㹀ࢧ࢖ࢺࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ䠱䠪䠳䠰䠫ࡀᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ࢔ࢡࢭࢩࣈࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒㸦䠝䠿䠿䡁䡏䡏䡅䠾䡈䡁 䠰䡋䡑䡎䡅䡏䡉㸧࡜ྠ⩏࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㹐࣓࢖ࢫࡣࠊබᖹᛶࠊ⮬⏤ᗘࠊ༢⣧ᛶࠊศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡉࠊᏳ඲ᛶࠊ┬యຊࠊࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡢ☜ಖࡢ㸵ཎ๎ࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ෆ㛶ᗓ㸦㸧ࠋ㞀ᐖࡢ♫఍ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿேࡢ♫఍ཧຍ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㞀ᐖ࡟ཎᅉࡀ
࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ♫఍࡟ཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㛗㔝┴㹕㹃㹀ࢧ࢖ࢺࠋᮏᏛᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉࡛ࡣ㸯ᖺḟࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ♫఍ㄪᰝࡢ௙᪉ࠖࢆ㛤ㅮࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࢆࡣࡌࡵከࡃࡢ⛉┠࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫእ࡛ࡢᐇ⩦ࡸぢᏛࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࣇ࣮ࢥ࣮   ࠊ㸶࣮࣌ࢪࠋ‫ڦ‬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭㈨ᩱ

ⴭ⪅ጣ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ㡰㜿㒊኱㍜⦅ⴭ ࣏ࠗࢫࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒̿⏺㝰ࢆ෌⏕ࡍࡿほගᡓ␎࠘Ꮫⱁฟ∧♫䠞䠽䡑䡀䡎䡅䡈䡈䠽䡎䡀䠈䠦䡁䠽䡊䠊㻝㻥㻤㻝䠈䠯䡅䡉䡑䡈䠽䠿䡎䡁䡏 䡁䡐 䡏䡅䡉䡑䡈䠽䡐䡅䡋䡊䠈䠡䡀䡅䡐䡅䡋䡊䡏 䠣䠽䡈䡅䡈䡁䡁 䠬䠽䡎䡅䡏㸦㸻➉ཎ࠶ࡁᏊヂ  ࠗࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣛࢡࣝ࡜ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࠘ἲᨻ኱Ꮫ
ฟ∧ᒁ䠞䡋䡋䡎䡏䡐䡅䡊䠈䠠䠽䡊䡅䡁䡈䠈䠦䡋䡏䡁䡌䡄䠈㻝㻥㻢㻞䠈䠰䡄䡁 䡅䡉䠽䡃䡁䠖 䡋䡎䠈䡓䡄䠽䡐 䡄䠽䡌䡌䡁䡊䡁䡀 䡐䡋 䡐䡄䡁䠝䡉䡁䡎䡅䠿䠽䡊 䡀䡎䡁䠽䡉䠈 䠝䡐䡄䡁䡊䡁䡑䡉 䠬䡑䠾䡈䡅䡏䡄䡁䡎㻓䡏䠊 㸻ᚋ⸨࿴ᙪ࣭ᫍ㔝㑳⨾ヂ ࠗᗁᙳࡢ᫬௦࣐̿ࢫࢥ࣑ࡀ〇㐀ࡍࡿ஦ᐇ࠘ᮾி๰ඖ♫䠞䡎䡁䡊䡀䡋䡊䠈䠬䡅䡁䡎䡏䠈㻝㻥㻥㻝䠈 䠰䡄䡋䡉䠽䡏 䠟䡋䡋䡇䠖㻝㻡㻜 䡕䡁䠽䡎䡏 䡋䡂 䡌䡋䡌䡑䡈䠽䡎 䡐䡋䡑䡎䡅䡏䡉䠈䠩䠽䡎䡐䡅䡊 䠯䡁䠿䡇䡁䡎 䠃 䠳䠽䡎䠾䡑䡎䡃 䠨䡐䡀䠊 㸻▼஭᫛ኵヂ  ࠗࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭ࢡࢵ
ࢡ≀ㄒ̿㏆௦ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ๰ጞ⪅࠘୰ኸබㄽ♫̿̿ᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢥࣟࢼ࡟㈨ࡍࡿほගᩍ⫱̿ほග♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿

䠢䡋䡑䠿䠽䡑䡈䡐䠈䠩䡅䠿䡄䡁䡈䠈㻝㻥㻢㻟䠈 䠪䠽䡅䡏䡏䠽䡊䠿䡁 䡀䡁 䡈䠽 䠟䡈䡅䡊䡅䡍䡑䡁䠈 䠱䡊䡅䡒䡁䡎䡏䡅䡐䠽䡅䡎䡁䡏 䡀䡁䠢䡎䠽䡊䠿䡁䠊 㸻⚄㇂⨾ᜨᏊヂ  ࠗ⮫ᗋ་Ꮫࡢㄌ⏕࠘ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ
䠢䡋䡑䠿䠽䡑䡈䡐䠈䠩䡅䠿䡄䡁䡈䠈㻝㻥㻣㻡䠈 䠯䡑䡎䡒䡁䡅䡈䡈䡁䡎 䡁䡐 䡌䡑䡊䡅䡎䠊䠪䠽䡅䡏䡏䠽䡒䠿䡋 䡀䡁 䡈䠽 䡌䡎䡅䡏䡋䡊䠈䠡䡀䡅䡐䡅䡋䡊䡏 䠣䠽䡈䡈䡅䡉䠽䡎䡀䠊㸻⏣ᮧದヂ  ࠗ┘⊹ࡢㄌ⏕㸫┘ど࡜ฎ⨩㸫࠘᪂₻♫ᶫᮏ࿴ஓ 㸧ࠗほගே㢮Ꮫࡢᡓ␎̿ᩥ໬ࡢ኎ࡾ᪉࣭኎ࡽࢀ᪉࠘ୡ⏺ᛮ᝿♫ᶫᮏ࿴ஓ 㸧ࠗほග⤒㦂ࡢே㢮Ꮫ㸫ᅵ⏘≀࡜࢞࢖ࢻࡢࠕ䜒䛾䛜䛯䜚ࠖࢆࡵࡄࡗ
࡚࠘ୡ⏺ᛮ᝿♫ᶫᮏ࿴ஓ  ࠗᆅᇦᩥ໬ほගㄽ㸫᪂ࡓ࡞ほගᏛ࡬ࡢᒎᮃ࠘ࢼ࢝ࢽࢩࣖฟ∧䠤䡋䠾䡏䠾䠽䡓䡉䠈䠡䡎䡅䠿䠈䠦 䠃 䠮䠽䡊䡃䡁䡎䠈䠰䡁䡎䡁䡊䠿䡁䠈䠫䠈㻝㻥㻤㻟䠈 䠰䡄䡁 䡅䡊䡒䡁䡊䡐䡅䡋䡊 䡋䡂䡐䡎䠽䡀䡅䡐䡅䡋䡊䠈䠱䡊䡅䡒䡁䡎䡏䡅䡐䡕 䡋䡂 䠟䠽䡉䠾䡎䡅䡀䡃䡁㸦㸻๓ᕝၨ἞࣭Ლཎᬒ᫛௚ヂ ࠗ๰ࡽࢀࡓఏ⤫࠘⣖ఀᅜᒇ᭩ᗑ
ᮏᇛ㟹ஂ  ࠕࢺ࣮࣐ࢫ࣭ࢡࢵࢡࡢ᪑̿㏆௦ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢㄌ⏕ࠖㅮㄯ♫஭ୖᐶ  ࠗ㞀ᐖ⪅᪑⾜ࡢẁ㝵ⓗⓎᒎ࠘ὶ㏻⤒῭኱Ꮫฟ∧఍஭ୖᐶ  ࠕṔྐⓗほගᆅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ䝴䝙䝞䞊䝃䝹䝒䞊䝸䝈䝮㸫ᶓᡭᕷቑ⏣㔜せఏ⤫ⓗᘓ㐀≀⩌ࢆ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠖࠗ䝜䞊䝇䜰䝆䜰኱Ꮫᅜ㝿ほග◊✲࠘➨㸷ྕ஭ୖᐶ  ࠕࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࠿ࡽࡳࡓほගࡢព⩏ࠖࣀ࣮ࢫ࢔ࢪ࢔
኱Ꮫᅜ㝿ほග◊✲࠘➨ྕ䠩䠽䠿䠟䠽䡊䡊䡁䡈䡈䠈䠠䡁䠽䡊䠈㻝㻥㻥㻥䠈䠰䠤䠡 䠰䠫䠱䠮䠥䠯䠰䠈䠱䡊䡅䡒䡁䡎䡏䡅䡐䡕 䡋䡂 䠟䠽䡈䡅䡂䡋䡎䡊䡅䠽䠊㸦㸻Ᏻᮧඞᕫࠊ㡲⸨ᘅࠊ㧗ᶫ㞝୍㑻ࠊᇼ㔝ṇேࠊ㐲⸨ⱥᶞࠊᑎᒸఙᝅヂ ࠗࢨ࣭ࢶ࣮ࣜࢫࢺ㸸㧗ᗘ㏆௦♫఍ࡢᵓ㐀ศᯒ࠘Ꮫᩥ♫ᓥᕝᓫ  ࠗ᪂ࡋ࠸᫬௦ࡢほගᏛᴫㄽ̿ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ほග᣺⯆ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࣑࠘ࢿࣦࣝ࢓᭩ᡣ

㡲⸨ᘅ࣭㐲⸨⚽ᶞ  ࠗほග♫఍Ꮫ̿ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒◊✲ࡢෑ㝤ⓗヨࡳ࠘᫂▼᭩ᗑ㡲⸨ᘅ࣭㐲⸨ⱥᶞ  ࠗほග♫఍Ꮫ̿ᗈࡀࡾࡺࡃࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒◊✲࠘⚟ᮧฟ∧䠱䡎䡎䡕䠈䠦䡋䡄䡊䠈㻝㻥㻥㻜䠈䠰䡄䡁 䠰䡋䡑䡎䡅䡏䡐 䠣䠽䡖䡁䠖 䠨䡁䡅䡏䡑䡎䡁 䠽䡊䡀 䠰䡎䠽䡒䡁䡈 䡅䡊 䠟䡋䡊䡐䡁䡉䡌䡋䡎䠽䡎䡕䠯䡋䠿䡅䡁䡐䡅䡁䡏䠈䠨䡋䡊䡀䡋䡊䠖 䠯䠝䠣䠡 䠬䡑䠾䡈䡅䠿䠽䡐䡅䡋䡊䡏㸦㸻ຍኴᏹ㑥ヂ  ࠗほගࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋ㸸⌧௦♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣞࢪ࣮ࣕ࡜᪑⾜࠘ἲᨻ኱Ꮫฟ∧ᒁ㸧̿̿䠱䡎䡎䡕䠈䠦䡋䡄䡊䠈䠃 䠨䠽䡎䡏䡁䡊䠈䠦䡋䡊䠽䡏䠈㻞㻜㻝㻝䠈 䠰䡄䡁 䠰䡋䡑䡎䡅䡏䡐 䠣䠽䡖䡁 㻟㻚㻜䠈 䠨䡋䡊䡀䡋䡊䠖䠯䠝䠣䠡 䠬䡑䠾䡈䡅䠿䠽䡐䡅䡋䡊䡏㸦㸻ຍኴᏹ㑥ヂ  ࠗほගࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࠝቑ⿵ᨵゞ∧ࠞ࠘ἲᨻ኱Ꮫฟ∧ᒁ㸧Ᏻᮧඞᕫ࣭ᇼ㔝ṇே࣭㐲⸨ⱥᶞ࣭ᑎᒸఙᝅ⦅ⴭ ࠗࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡿほග♫఍Ꮫ࣑࠘ࢿࣦࣝ࢓᭩ᡣ
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GRFXPHQWZRUOGWRXULVPHWKLFVFKDUWHU!
ͤᮏ✏࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㹕㹃㹀ࢧ࢖ࢺࡢ᭱⤊㜀ぴ᪥ࡣᖺ㸰᭶᪥࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

̿̿

Dark Tourism Sites of Note in Akita Prefecture with Foreign Connectionsࠝ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠞ

Dark Tourism Sites of Note in Akita Prefecturewith Foreign Connectionsࢹࣇ࢓ࣝࢥ䞉࣮ࣜ࢔䞉࢔ࣥ'()$/&2࣭/HDK$QQH
The purpose of these research notes is to compile a list of areas of interest
related to dark tourism in Akita Prefecture that are interesting from a foreign
perspective, and to collect information on these sites and their history in English,
as many sources of information are only available in Japanese. We will also
examine if these sites are considered as͆dark͇tourism sites by the cities in theprefecture, and whether or not they are marketed as such in order to increase
visitors to the sites.
These research notes are divided into three main events. Each part will begin
with a summary of the history of the event, and then some of the most significant
and/or most interesting dark tourism sites related to foreign victims or with ties
to world events will be presented. Some data will not have any supporting
references as the data was gathered via on-site visits to the locations. In thosecases, the location of the information e.g. museum exhibition etc. will beclearly indicated in the footnotes.
Part 1 – The Bombing of Tsuchizaki Harbour in 1945 ᅵᓮ✵くHistorical Background
One interesting historical event to occur in
Akita Prefecture is the bombing of Tsuchizaki
Harbour during the Second World War.
Although not a significant attack in terms of
its impact on the conclusion of the war, theattack is interesting as it was the lastbombing carried out by American troupes ofthe entire war, and additionally is considered
the furthest American bombing of Japan interms of distance.㸯 The bombing of the㸯Charles Reyher. Memoirs of a B-29 Pilot, 2008. page 146̿̿harbour finished just scant hours before the official surrender was given by theJapanese Emperor.
The attack occurred late at night on the 14th and continued until 3:00 the nextmorning. B-29 Superfortress bombers dropped a stunning total of 12,047 bombson the small harbour. Tsuchizaki port was chosen due to its strategic importance,and because it was the site of oil fields, oil reserve tanks, and a large oil refinery.2
As the civilian population of Tsuchizaki was fairly small at the time, causalities
were not as high as the bombings/air raids of larger urban centres like Osaka,
Tokyo etc. It is estimated that 250 people died, and a further 200 were injured.㸱
Tsuchizaki Town was incorporated into the neighboring city of Akita on April 1,
1941
Dark Tourism Sites of Note:
1

Tsuchizaki Minato Port Area Historical Museum and Victim Memorial
StatueLocated about a 20-minute walk from the port in theold centre of Tsuchizaki City, the Tsuchizaki Minato
Port Area Historical Museum holds a small but
interesting exhibit on the bombing. Several survivors㻓
accounts and historical items of interest are on
display.㸲
Of particular note, the remains of a bombed building
are incorporated into the design of the interior of themuseum itself giving visitors a true sense of the impact.
2

The Tsuchizaki Bombing Memorial Statue

Located next to the port, the statue commemorates thoseindividuals who lost their lives in the bombing. The design ofthe statue is that of a young woman holding a dove, facing out
㸰Yahoo News War Archives. ᮍ᮶࡟ṧࡍ ᡓதࡢグ᠈. https://wararchive.yahoo.co.jp/airraid/akita/. Access on
Feb 15, 2022.
㸱Yahoo News War Archives. ᮍ᮶࡟ṧࡍ ᡓதࡢグ᠈.
㸲On-site visit to the museum, August 14th, 2021.

̿̿Dark Tourism Sites of Note in Akita Prefecture with Foreign Connections

to sea. The statue was also erected to promote an end to war. The inscription
reads:On the eve of August 15, 1945, when Japan suffered a major defeat in its
history, our hometown was hit by the onslaught of the U.S. Air Force bombing
centered on the "Nippon Oil" factory, and about 184 citizens and military
personnel became casualties. After that, in 1975, the "A-bomb Citizens'
Conference" was established, and various memorial events have been held
since then. With the cooperation of the public and the private sector, thismemorial statue was constructed to bring peace to the spirits of the deceased.
We also hope it will promote and protect a permanent peace in the world, theprosperity of our hometown, and allow spirits to rest in peace.
Summary:
The Tsuchizaki harbour bombing site is not labelled by the city as being a͆ dark͇
tourism site and nothing the museum exhibit describes it as such. It is also notparticularly promoted as a tourism site. For example, it is not listed as a tourism
site on the various official tourism websites of Akita City.
Considering the event㻓s unique nature as the last bombing of the Second World
War and the longest bombing run conducted during the war, it is likely thelocation has more potential to attract tourist than in its current state. It seems as
though the museum is more of a local memorial to the spirits of those who diedthan an attempt to reach tourist and inform people from outside Akita City.
Part 2 – Remembrance Memorials and Monuments to the 1983 Sea ofJapan Earthquake and Tsunami㸦᪥ᮏᾏ୰㒊ᆅ㟈኱ὠἼ㸧
Historical Background
On May 26th 1983 at 11:59pm, an Earthquake
occurred off the coast of Akita Prefecture. The
magnitude of the quake was 7.7 and struck about
100 meters off the coast of Akita.㸳 The quake itself
caused some structural damage and four deaths inJapan, but by far the worst of the damage wascaused by the resulting tsunami with waves
reaching up to 30 feet 14 meters that rapidly㸳National Research Council. Japan Sea Central Region Tsunami of May 26, 1983: A Reconnaissance Report.
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 1984. pgs 2-6̿̿headed towards Japan and South Korea.㸴 Due to the short time frame between
the earthquake and the tsunami about 7~14 min and the belief that tsunami
were extremely unlikely in the Sea of Japan, almost no one evacuated from thecoast.㸵
Dark Tourism Sites of Note:
1

Swiss Tourist Monument

A Swiss tourist visiting the area with her husband,
Magdalena Brandenburger, was killed while her husband
survived. They were with a Japanese guide at the time.
It is disputed whether or not the guide told her and herhusband to evacuate. However, there is evidence tosupport the assertion that the guide did not advise thecouple to evacuate. In particular, a report sourced from
Kahoku news indicates their guide remorsefully saying
͆Had I any knowledge that an earthquake could cause atsunami ͇͐implying that he was regretful of his actions.㸶 Regardless, the Swiss
woman and her husband were swept away by the water. Her husband managed tocling to a reef, but unfortunately, Magdalena was carried away by the tsunami anddrowned.㸷Her memorial is located on the grounds of Oga Aquarium, which is one of themost popular tourism sites in Akita. Her memorial includes a photograph and an
inscription which reads:
On the afternoon of May 26, 1983, many casualties were caused by thetsunami caused by the Nihonkai-Chubu Earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7.
Swiss traveler Magdalena Brandenberger 38 years old at the time lost her
precious life here as well. We erect this statue to wholeheartedly comfort
Magdalena's spirit in a foreign land, and pray for international goodwill andpeace.
Yoshinobu Tsuji et al. 㡑ᅜᮾᾏᓊࢆくࡗࡓ᪥ᮏᾏ୰㒊ᆅ㟈ὠἼ. National Research Institute for Disaster
Prevention, Vol 90, 1985. pgs 2-10, Chapter 4.
㸵Kahoku News.ᙜ᫬ࡣࠊᆅ㟈ࡀ᮶ࡓࡽ὾࡟㏨ࡆࢁ࡜ゝࢃࢀ͐.
https://kahoku.news/articles/20210530khn000002.html. May, 2021. Accessed on Feb 10, 2022.
㸶
Kahoku News.ᙜ᫬ࡣࠊᆅ㟈ࡀ᮶ࡓࡽ὾࡟㏨ࡆࢁ࡜ゝࢃࢀ͐. May, 2021.
㸷Yoshinobu Tsuji et al. 1984
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Dark Tourism Sites of Note in Akita Prefecture with Foreign Connections

Other memorials and monuments to the tragedy:
2

Aikawa Minami Elementary School Tragedy Monument

On the coast of the Oga peninsula in Akita Prefecture, 43
elementary school students and their teachers were on aschool outing at the beach. It was a sunny, calm day. The
seismic intensity of the earthquake in Oga was only
4~5.5.10 Additionally, the earthquake occurred while theteachers and students were still on-route to the beach,and it was reported that they did not feel the strength ofthe earthquake while driving.11
By the time the teachers were warned, it was too late as
the sea had receded and came back in in the space of acouple of minutes.12 There was not enough time to gather the young students toevacuate and the tsunami wave swept a large number of students out to sea. The
teachers and various fishing boats and leisure boats in the vicinity came to help
rescue the children, however unfortunately, 13 elementary students died.13 A
monument was erected on the location of the old school building.
3

The Calm Wave and the Maiden

The tsunami continued up the coast and a few minutes
later reached Happo Town where 35 Tohoku Electric
workers were working on the construction of Noshiro
Port. All 35 workers also lost their lives. The town
decided to erect a statue for the elementary children andthe electric workers, and others who died in the tsunami.
It is called the Calm Wave and the Maiden. The statue
was constructed as a͆memorial of the victims of thetsunami and to always remember this tragic day.䇿 14

10

Japan Meteorological Agency. https://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/eqdb/data/shindo/index.html#19830526115957
11ᾦ࡟ᬽࢀࡓὠἼࡢᾏ: Ỉ㎶ࡢḼኌࠊ୍㌿ᝒ㬆. Yomiuri Shimbun May 27, 1983, morning edition, page 23
12
Yomiuri Shimbun May 27, 1983, morning edition, page 23
13
Yomiuri Shimbun May 27, 1983, morning edition, page 23
14
Happo Town Website. https://happouchou.com/wp/statue_young_girl_pedestal_repair/ Accessed on Feb 17,
2022.

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Site Summary:With respect to the Swiss woman Magdalena who tragically lost her life in thetsunami of 1983, there isn㻓t much of a sense that a long-term connection to
Switzerland was forged, which is a shame. It would be interesting if there had
been more of a push to create a sustained bond between Switzerland and Akita
Prefecture via intercultural exchange programs.
The area is not listed on the Prefecture㻓s tourism websites as a͆dark tourism͇
area, although a search on the Internet will reveal that the incident with thechildren is included in blogs on disaster sites in Japan.
Part 3 – Akita and the Boshin War
Historical Background
The Boshin War is of interest as it is one of the first modern-style warfare
conflicts in Japan in which the foreign colonial powers of England and France had
a hand in the politics of and offered military assistance to the Japanese
government.15 The Hollywood blockbuster The Last Samurai starring Tom Cruise,
was partially based on the events of the Boshin War. The war was widespread,but there were several important events that occurred in Akita, with the main one
being the Akita War.
The Boshin War, also known as the Japanese revolution, was a civil-war fought
between the Tokugawa shogunate, and samurai who wanted to return power tothe imperial family. At the time, most of Akita Prefecture was part of the
Dewa-province, and the Akita City area was called the Kubota Domain and wascontrolled by the Satake Clan.
The Satake Clan was initially on the side of the Tokugawa shogunate in the war
and joined the Żuetsu Reppan Dżmei, or Żuetsu Reppan Alliance, however theclan became disaffected and they backed out of the alliance to then back theforces supporting the rule of the imperial family. Their former allies were angeredby their defection and attacked the Kubota Domain. The Satake Clan were hardpressed, but managed to retain control of their domain until the Meiji Restoration
abolished the daimyo system in 1871.16
The Tokugawa Shogunate was previously well-known to be anti-foreign, having
put into place the Sakoku, the famous isolationist policy that Commodore
15

16

Christian Polak. ⤱࡜ග: ▱ࡽࢀࡊࡿ᪥௖஺ὶᖺࡢṔྐ Ụ㇞᫬௦ᖺ௦. Tokyo: Hachette / Fujin
Gahƃsha, 2001. pg. 81Eikƃ Onodera. ᠾ㎮༡໭ᡓத࡜ᮾ໭ᨻᶒ ໭ࡢᮭ⦅㞟ᕤᡣ 2004. pg 194.

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Dark Tourism Sites of Note in Akita Prefecture with Foreign Connections

Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy put an end to with his black ships in 1853. The
Sakoku policy limited trade and interaction between Japan and the outside world.
However, during the Boshin war, the Shogunate modernized its military forces
significantly. British and French diplomats and military consultants both assisted
in modernizing Japan㻓s armies during the war with the two countries selling arms
to both sides in the conflict.17
The Boshin war and the defeat of the Tokugawa forces directly lead to the Meiji
Revolution, the modernization of Japan, and the end of the feudal system ofsamurai and daimyo.18 It can easily be considered one of the most, if not the mostformative periods in modern Japanese history and is very important historicallyand culturally.
Dark Tourism Sites Related to the Boshin War in Akita
1

The Ruins of Kubota Castle/Senshu ParkThe home of the Satake Clan was Kubota Castle located inwhat is now Akita City, the prefectural capital of Akita. The
area became a provincial park named Senshu, and certain
parts of the castle were rebuilt as a tourist attraction.
In Senshu Park, there are also three shrines and two
museums. One of the museums is inside a rebuilt cornerturret. In both museums, the history of the Boshin war andthe Satake Clan is exhibited along with items belonging to
the Clan, and historical weapons, household items, etc.
These weapons include modern weapons that were provided by the French andthe British. It is an interesting counterpoint to see them alongside more
traditional Japanese weapons and armour.
2

Kakunodate Samurai Homes and Museums

Kakunodate is a historical, picturesque town located in
the mountains not far from Lake Tazawako, in Akita
Prefecture. The town was the home of a branch of the
Satake Clan. During the war, battles were fought in thearea and many interesting dark tourism sites are locatedin the city.19
17Kƃichi Hagiwara. ᅗㄝ す㒓㝯┒࡜኱ஂಖ฼㏻. Kawade Shobƃ Shinsha, 2004. pg 46
Andrew Gordon. A Modern History of Japan. New York: Oxford, 2003. pgs 64-65.
19ࡳࡕࡢࡃᝆࠎ⁻㞼ࡢグ. http://mitinoku.biz/hist_walk/hist_akita/?p=1637. Accessed on January 10, 2022.
18

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Site Summary:Senshu Park is located in downtown Akita City, and is a very famous tourism site.
The history of the Satake Clan in the museums and that of the Boshin War are
well described, but there isn㻓t much mentioned about foreign involvement in thewar. It would likely be more interesting to the many cruise ship tourists who visit
the park if the exhibits were to include more information about the foreign impact
on the political climate and Japan㻓s military.
While Kakunodate is a well-known tourism area, it㻓s mainly renowned for its
cherry blossoms and samurai houses. Its ties to and importance in the Boshin war
are much less well-known and not focused on in the tourism brochures available
from the tourism information office, as well as the online websites.
Conclusion
While Akita Prefecture does not have a large number of dark tourism sites, itdoes have some moderately significant ones. However, the prefecture does notchoose to advertise them as͆dark tourism͇sites. This is a shame because withthe declining birthrate and aging society problems that Japan is currently facing,
tourism is one way to bring in much needed revenue to rural areas, and dark
tourism is one facet that could be utilized to promote the Akita area.
In particular, the bombing of Tsuchizaki port is an ideal site to expand upon. Its
significance as the final bombing of the Second World War, and the uniqueinterest of the area being one of the few oil fields in Japan could be used andpromoted far more effectively by simply including the site on the City㻓 s official
tourism website.
Although dark tourism sites are delicate and difficult to promote in certain ways,
nevertheless they are opportunities to increase tourism and to recognize an
important part of a dynamic cultural and historical landscape.

References ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩┠㘓
Books, Periodicals, Research Papers, and Journals
࣭Carter, Kit C. et al. The Army Air Forces in World War II: Combat
Chronology, 1941-1945. Ayer Co Pub, 1979.
࣭Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan. New York: Oxford, 2003.
̿̿Dark Tourism Sites of Note in Akita Prefecture with Foreign Connections

࣭National Research Council. Japan Sea Central Region Tsunami of May 26,
1983: A Reconnaissance Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies
Press, 1984.
࣭Onodera, Eikż. ᠾ㎮༡໭ᡓத࡜ᮾ໭ᨻᶒ. ໭ࡢᮭ⦅㞟ᕤᡣ, 2004.
࣭Polak, Christian. ⤱࡜ග: ▱ࡽࢀࡊࡿ᪥௖஺ὶ 100 ᖺࡢṔྐ Ụ㇞᫬௦㻙1950
ᖺ௦. Tokyo: Hachette / Fujin Gahżsha, 2001.
࣭Reyher, Charles. Memoirs of a B-29 Pilot. Lulu.com, 2008.
࣭Tsuji, Yoshinobu et al. 㡑ᅜᮾᾏᓊࢆくࡗࡓ᪥ᮏᾏ୰㒊ᆅ㟈ὠἼ. National
Research Institute for Disaster Prevention, Vol 90, 1985.
Newspapers and News Sites
࣭Kahoku News.ᙜ᫬ࡣࠊᆅ㟈ࡀ᮶ࡓࡽ὾࡟㏨ࡆࢁ࡜ゝࢃࢀ͐.
https://kahoku.news/articles/20210530khn000002.html. May, 2021.
࣭ᾦ࡟ᬽࢀࡓὠἼࡢᾏ: Ỉ㎶ࡢḼኌࠊ୍㌿ᝒ㬆. Yomiuri Shimbun, Morning
Edition, May 27th, 1983. Author unlisted
࣭Yahoo News War Archives. ᮍ᮶࡟ṧࡍ ᡓதࡢグ᠈.
https://wararchive.yahoo.co.jp/airraid/akita/.

Others࣭Happo Town Website.
https://happouchou.com/wp/statue_young_girl_pedestal_repair/Accessed on Feb 17, 2022.
࣭Japan Meteorological Agency.
https://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/eqdb/data/shindo/index.html#19830526115957.
Data from the date of the ᪥ᮏᾏ୰㒊 Earthquake of 1983. May 26th, 11:59
A.M..
࣭ࡳࡕࡢࡃᝆࠎ⁻㞼ࡢグ.
http://mitinoku.biz/hist_walk/hist_akita/?p=1637. Accessed on Jan 17, 2022.

̿̿࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿

ࠝ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠞͺΡσέȆγέζͼΑΞσ͈඾ུ۷ͅ‫ࣉ̳֚ͥ۾‬ख़̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿
༙

⏣

ᖾ

Ꮚ

㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᡓᚋࡢᅜ㝿໬ࡢ㯪᫂ᮇ࡟ᙜࡓࡿ㸦᫛࿴㸧ᖺ࡟ᮾி࠾
ࡼࡧி㒔࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ࢆᶵ࡟᮶᪥ࡋࡓࢳ࢙ࢥேసᐙ࣭㢼่⏬ᐙ࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝ㸦$GROI +RIIPHLVWHU 㻙㸧ࡢ᪥ᮏほࢆᩥ໬ྐⓗどⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡀᖐᅜᚋ࡟ห⾜ࡋࡓ࣓ࠗ࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃࣥ㸯 ࠘࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀࡓ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚㸰ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋ
᫬௦⫼ᬒ࠾ࡼࡧᙜヱᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ࡢᴫせ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ๓ྕࠗࣀ࣮ࢫ࢔ࢪ࢔኱Ꮫᅜ㝿ほග◊✲࠘➨ྕ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓᣋ✏ࠕᖺᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍࡟ぢࡿ᮶᪥እᅜேࡢ᪥ᮏほ̿ࢳ࢙ࢥ᫬ᤄ⤮⏬ᐙ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸸◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ࡛̿ࠖࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾ㸱ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ๭ឡࡍࡿࠋ
ᮏ✏ࡢᵓᡂࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ␎Ṕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᚲせ᭱ప㝈ࡢෆᐜࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࠊᙼࡢ᮶᪥๓࡟ᮅ᪥᪂⪺࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓグ஦࠾ࡼࡧ࣓ࠗ࢖
ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃ࡛ࣥ࠘ࡢグ㏙࠿ࡽࠊ᮶᪥࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡬ࡢᛮ࠸ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ
᪥ᮏ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑࡜ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࢆຍ࠼ࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊ᮶᪥ᚋࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࣓ࠗ࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃࣥ࠘࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀࡓࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ
୰ᚰ࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ
ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୍➃ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸰㸬࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ␎Ṕ࡜᮶᪥࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⫼ᬒ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ␎Ṕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ๓ྕ࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᨵࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞̿̿Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⡆༢࡟ゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡣࠊᖺ࡟ࣉࣛࣁ࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓ㸲ࠋ௦ࠎἲᚊᐙࡢᐙ⣔࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ୍ᗘࡣᘚㆤኈࡢ㐨ࢆṌࢇࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢഐࡽࠊᖺ࠿ࡽࡣグ⪅άື࡟ᦠࢃࡾࠊࡢࡵࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡗࡓࠋᖺ௦ࡢࢳ࢙ࢥᩥ໬ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿⱁ⾡ᐙ㞟ᅋࠕࢹࣦ࢕࢚ࢺࢫ࢕ࣝ㸳ࠖࡢタ❧࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡟ࡶྡࢆ㐃ࡡࠊࢳ࢙ࢥ࣭ࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿⱁ⾡ᐙࡢ୍ே࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ♫఍୺⩏ᮇ࡟ࡣࠊᩥ໬እ஺࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ࣭࢝ࣞࣝࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡ㸦.DUHO ýDSHN 㻙㸧࡯࡝ࡢ▱ྡᗘࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࢳ࢙ࢥᩥ໬ྐ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓே≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺ௦࡟㢼่⏬ᐙࠊグ⪅ࠊ⦅㞟⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡋࡓ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢᖺ
ᙜ᫬ࡢ⫪᭩ࡁࡣࠊࣉࣛࣁᕤⱁ኱Ꮫ㸴ࡢᩍᤵ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᖺࡲ࡛ົࡵࡓ㥔௖኱
౑ࢆ㏥௵ࡋࠊᖐᅜࡋࡓᚋࠊᙜヱ኱Ꮫ࡟᪂タࡉࢀࡓ࢔ࢺ࢚ࣜࠕ࢔ࢽ࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜
ᫎ⏬ࠖࡢึ௦࢔ࢺ࢚ࣜ㛗࡟ᑵ௵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸵ࠋ࣓ࠗ࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃࣥ࠘࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀࡓࠊ᮶᪥࡟⮳ࡿ⤒⦋࡜᮶᪥๓ࡢグ஦ࢆ཰ࡵࡓ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࠕぢࡿ๓ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡣࠊࣃ
ࣜ⁫ᅾ୰࡟ࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ఍㛗ࠊࣦ࢕࣮ࢳ࢙ࢫࣛࣇ࣭ࢿࢬࣦ࢓ࣝ㸦9tWČ]VODY 1H]YDO㻙㸧࡜஧ྡ࡛ࡢ᪥ᮏ⾜ࡁࢆఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ
ཱྀ㢌࡛ࡢఏ㐩࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝ⮬㌟ࡣヰࢆ┿࡟ཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᐇ㝿࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏ⾜ࡁࢆ᫂☜࡟ㄆ㆑ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࠿ࡽࡢᡭ⣬ࢆㄞࢇࡔ࡜ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ࡜ࡁࡢᚰቃࢆ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⥛ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
኱ኚ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ☜࠿࡟⚾ࡣࣃ࡛ࣜ⪺࠸ࡓࠊ⚾ࡀ␃Ᏺ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠶
࠸ࡔ࡟➨ᅇᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ཧຍ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࢿࢬࣦ࢓ࣝ࡜⚾ࢆ᪥ᮏ࡬ὴ㐵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀỴࡲࡗࡓࡢࡔࠊ࡜ࠋࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡲ࡜ࡶ࡟ཷࡅṆࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ⚾ࡢጔࡶᜥᏊࡓࡕࡶ⚾ࡀࡲࡓ࡝ࡇ࠿࡬᪑❧ࡘࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚
ࡲࡗࡓࡃ཯ᑐࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔ᪥ᮏࡣᚰ⌮ⓗ࡟ࡶ㐶࠿㐲ࡃࠊࡲࡓ≀⌮ⓗ㊥㞳ࡶ㐲࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡢᡭ⣬ࠊࡘࡲࡾࡍ࡛࡟ࡶ࠺
㛫࡟ྜࢃ࡞࠸᫬ᮇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸶ࠋࡇࡢグ㏙࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏ⾜ࡁࢆព㆑ࡍࡿ๓ࡢᙼࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⋡┤࡞༳㇟ࡀศ࠿
ࡿࠋࠕࡲ࡜ࡶ࡟ཷࡅṆࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖࡸࠕ᪥ᮏࡣᚰ⌮ⓗ࡟ࡶࡣࡿ࠿㐲ࡃࠊࡲ̿̿࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿

ࡓ≀⌮ⓗ࡟ࡶ㐲࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࡓࠖ࡜ࡢグ㏙࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜࠸࠺ᅜࡣࠊᅜእฟ
ᙇࡢከ࠸ᙼ࡛ࡉ࠼ฟᙇࡢヰࢆࡲ࡜ࡶ࡟ཷࡅṆࡵ࡞࠸࡯࡝ࠊᬑẁࡢ⏕ά࡛ࡣព㆑
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸ࡣࡿ࠿㐲࠸Ꮡᅾࡢᅜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋ
ࢳ࢙ࢥࢫࣦࣟ࢓࢟࢔࡛ࡣࠊᖺ࡟ඹ⏘ඪࡀᨻᶒࢆᤸᥱࡋࠊ♫఍୺⩏యไࡀᩜ࠿ࢀࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿすഃㅖᅜ࡜ࡣᨻ἞ⓗ࡟ࡶ⤒῭ⓗ࡟ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㐨ࢆṌࢇࡔࠋᖺࠊࢯ㐃ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿඹ⏘ᅪ࡛ୡ⏺ࢆືᦂࡉࡏࡿṔྐⓗ኱஦௳ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࠋ㸰᭶࡟ࠊࢯ㐃ࡢ➨୍᭩グࢽ࣮࢟ࢱ࣭ࣇࣝࢩࢳࣙࣇ ɇɢɤɢғɬɚ ɋɟɪɝɟғɟɜɢɱ ɏɪɭɳɺɜ
㻙㸧ࡀᖺ࡟ἐࡋࡓࢫࢱ࣮ࣜࣥࢆᢈุࡋࠊࢯ㐃ࢆྵࡴඹ⏘ᅪ࡟ࢫࢱ࣮
ࣜࣥ୺⩏ࡢぢ┤ࡋࢆಁࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ᭶࡟ࣁ࣮࡛ࣥ࢞ࣜື஘ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࠋࡔࡀࢯ㐃ࡣࡑࡢືࡁ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㌷஦ⓗ࡟௓ධࡋࡓࠋ
ᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍㛤ദࡢ๓ᖺࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢯ㐃ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃඹ⏘ᅪࡢᨻ἞ࡸ♫఍ࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣୡ⏺ࢆࡶᦂࡿࡀࡍ୙Ᏻᐃ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜࡢ୍௳
ࡣࠊ኱఍ࡢ㆟㢟࡟ࡶୖࡀࡿ࡯࡝ࠊᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢ㛵ᚰࡈ࡜ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓ
ࡵࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊࢳ࢙ࢥࢫࣦࣟ࢓࢟࢔࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜࠸࠺ࡲࡉ࡟ᴟᮾ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿᅜ࡟㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘ࡯࡝ࠊᨻ἞᝟ໃⓗ࡞వ⿱ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
Ḣ⡿ㅖᅜ࡟ࡣᒃఫࡶྵࡵ࡚ࡍ࡛࡟ఱᗘࡶゼࢀࠊ࠿ࡘ᮶᪥ࡢ㸱ᖺ๓࡟ࡣ୰ᅜ༳㇟
グࠗ୰ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⤮ⴥ᭩࠘ࢆห⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏ⾜ࡁࢆ┿࡟ཷࡅ࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶఱࡽ୙ᛮ㆟࡛࡞࠸࡯࡝ࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡟ࡶᚰ⌮ⓗ࡟ࡶࠊᅜ㝿᝟ໃⓗ࡟ࡶ㐲࠸Ꮡᅾ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ヰࢆ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝ࡟㏦ࡽࢀࡓᡭ⣬࡟ᡠࡑ࠺ࠋᡭ⣬ࡣࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ࡢᙳᒣ୕
㑻࠿ࡽࡢࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖࡟᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙳᒣ୕㑻ࡣࠊᖺ࡟ᮾி኱ᏛᩥᏛ㒊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉ࢆ༞ᴗᚋࠊᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫࡟ධ♫ࠊᡓ᫬୰ࡣࣞ࢖ࢸᓥ≉ὴဨࡶ⤒㦂ࡋࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡢᡓᚋࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆᨭ࠼ࡓ୍ே
࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺࠊࠕᑐ᪥ㅮ࿴᮲⣙࣭᪥࣋ࣥᏳ඲ಖ㞀᮲⣙ࠖ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢧࣥࣇࣛࣥ
ࢩࢫࢥ᮲⣙ࡀ⥾⤖ࡋࡓ┤ᚋࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ࠊࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘࡟ᐙᗞḍࡀ᚟άࡋࡓ
ࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢ㝿࡟ṓࡢⱝࡉ࡛ࡇࡢᐙᗞḍࡢᢸᙜࢹࢫࢡࢆ௵ࡉࢀࡓ 㸷ࠋᖺ
࡟࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝ࡟ᡭ⣬ࢆ㏦ࡗࡓ㡭ࡣࠊᏛⱁ㒊㒊㛗࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢグ㏙࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᙳᒣࡣᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍࡟ཧຍࡍࡿసᐙࡢఱே
࠿࡟⮬ࡽᡭ⣬ࢆ㏦ࡾࠊ᮶᪥๓࡜᮶᪥ᚋࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ༳㇟グࡢᇳ➹ࢆ┤᥋౫㢗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ࡢ㐃㍕グ஦ࡢึᅇࡢグ㏙࡛ࡑࢀࡀ⿬௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ
̿̿ࡇࢇ࡝ࡢ࣌ࣥ኱఍࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࢆゼࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿேࡓࡕࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࢇ
࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ࠸ࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ኱఍ࢆࡦ࠿࠼ࠊᮏ♫ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᅜ
ࡢேࠎ࡟ᐤ✏ࢆ౫㢗ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡍ࡛࡟භேࡢࡦ࡜ࡓࡕ࠿ࡽឤ᝿ࡀ࡜࡝ࡅࡽࢀ
ࡓࠋࡁࡻ࠺࠿ࡽ㝶᫬ࡇࡢḍ࡛⤂௓ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡣࠊᙳᒣࡢᡭ⣬ࡢᩥ㠃ࢆࢳ࢙ࢥㄒ࡟ヂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢෆᐜ࡜
ࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ࡢࡇࡢグ஦࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡀᘬ
⏝ࡋࡓᙳᒣࡢᡭ⣬ࡢ୍㒊ࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㈗Ẋࡀ୍ᗘࡶ᪥ᮏࢆゼࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᏑࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࢆぢࡿ๓࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ஦ࢆ୍ᮏࠊ⚾࡟㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛
ࡍࠋ㹙͐㹛ᙜ↛ࠊ㈗Ẋࡀࡑࡢ┠࡛ぢࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡶ࠺୍ᮏࡢ
グ஦ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚ࡍࡄ࡟᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡶࡢ࡜᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᙳᒣࡣࡲࡓࠊグ஦ࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕ⊂⮬ࡢࠊ࠶ࡾࡩࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊ⯆࿡῝࠸ࢺࣆࢵࢡࠖࢆồࡵࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋྛᇳ➹⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࣉࣞࢵࢩ࣮ࣕࡢ࠿࠿ࡿ
せᮃ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࡇࡢせᮃ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ౫㢗ࡍࡿഃࡀࠊྛసᐙࡢ᪥ᮏ࡬ࡢ༳㇟ࡀ࠶
ࡾࡁࡓࡾࡢࡶࡢ࡟⤊ጞࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ດࡵࡓᵝᏊࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋඛࡢᘬ⏝࡛ࡶࠕ᪥ᮏࢆゼࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿேࡓࡕࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࢇ࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ࠸ࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡔ
ࢁ࠺࠿ࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓྠࡌグ஦ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛ࡣࠊࠕᾏእࡢᩥ➹ᐙࡀ࡝ࢇ࡞ᙧ࡛ࠕ᪥
ᮏࠖࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿̿ࡑࢀࢆ▱ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡇࡢ௻⏬ࡢ┠ᶆ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠖ
࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋึࡵ࡚ከࡃࡢእᅜேసᐙࡀ᮶᪥ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢᚲせᛶࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ
せᮃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ౫㢗ࡉࢀࡓྛᅜࡢసᐙࡣࠊ▱㆑ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃಶேⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡶ⧊ࡾ஺ࡐ࡞ࡀࡽ᪥ᮏほࢆグࡋࡓࠋవㄯࡔࡀࠊᇳ➹ゝㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡣࠊࠕᙜ↛ࠊグ஦ࡣⱥㄒ࡛᭩࠿
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜グࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㸶᭶᪥௜ࡢࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓグ஦࡟ヂ⪅ྡࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡜ྜࢃࡏ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝ
ࡣⱥㄒ࡛᭩ࡁ㏦ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ෆ࡛᪥ᮏㄒ࡟⩻ヂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ⱥㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ᅜࡢసᐙ࡟ࡣࠊゝㄒⓗ࡟ࡶ㈇ᢸࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡿ౫㢗࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗ
ࡓࡢࡔࠋ
̿̿

࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿ど⥺ࢆࢳ࢙ࢥ࡟ᡠࡍ࡜ࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡀ࡞ࡐ௦⾲࡟㑅ࡤࢀࡓࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡣࠊࡲࡔศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᖺ㱋ࡸ⤒㦂ࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊ఍㛗ࡢࢿࢬࣦ࢓ࣝ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟
㑅ฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࡣ⮬↛ࡔ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡀࠊ㆟஦㘓ࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢⓎ⾲ࡸሗ࿌ࢆࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ఍㛗ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡶ࡜ࡶ࡟ὴ㐵ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ
࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᙳᒣ࠿ࡽࡢᡭ⣬ࡀࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡣ᪥
ᮏ⾜ࡁࢆᐇឤࡋࠊࡲࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ึࡵ࡚┿๢࡟⪃࠼ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸱㸬᮶᪥๓ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ᖺ㸶᭶᪥௜ࡢࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ᮅห㸴㠃ࡢᏛⱁḍ࡟࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢᐤ✏ᩥࡀࠕ᪥ᮏࢆ᝿࠺ࠖࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ➨㸲ᙎ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢཎᩥ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿᩥ
❶ࡀࠊ࣓ࠗ࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃࣥ࠘ࡢᕳ㢌࢚ࢵࢭ࢖࡟ࡶ඲ᩥᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᚋ࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿࢳ࢙ࢥᩥᏛ◊✲ᐙࠊᰩᰨ⥅ࡢグ㏙࡟↷ࡽࡍ࡜ࠊࡇࡢ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡣࠊ
ࢳ࢙ࢥࡢᩥⱁ㐌หㄅࠗᩥ໬࠘࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓグ஦ࡀึฟࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᕤⱁ኱Ꮫࡢᩍᤵ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢᐤ✏ࡢ๓༙࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊୡ⣖ኚࢃࡾ┠ࡢࢪ࣏ࣕࢽࢫ࣒ࡢὶ⾜ࡸ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡬୚࠼ࡓᙳ㡪࡞࡝ࠊ୺࡟ⱁ⾡ࡸᕤⱁࠊᘓ⠏࡞࡝ࡢศ㔝࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⣬ᖜࢆ๭࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋᗂᑡᮇ࡟ུẕࡢᐙ࡛ぢࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ➉〇ࡢᐙලࡸ᥃ࡅ≀ࠊ㛫௙ษࡾࠊᛮ᫓ᮇ࡟ฟ఍ࡗࡓ⤮⏬ࠊᘓ⠏ࠊᗞᅬࠊ▼ᗞࠊᮌ∧⏬࡞࡝⨾⾡࣭ᕤⱁࢆ୰ᚰ࡟グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊྠ᫬௦ࡢ᪥
ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢ㝯┒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᖺ௦࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊᑠὠࠊ㯮⃝࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣୡ⏺ࡢ⬮ගࢆᾎࡧࡓࠋ
ᖺ௦࡟㢼่⏬ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢳ࢙ࢥࡢⱁ⾡⏺ࢆ≌ᘬࡋࡓ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡣࠊⱁ⾡඲⯡࡟㐀ユࡀ῝࠿ࡗࡓࠋᙜ↛ࠊୡ⏺ࡢᫎ⏬ࡢືྥࡶᢚ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋグ஦࡟ࡣ㯮⃝᫂┘╩ࡢࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࡸ᪂⸨වே┘╩ࡢࠗཎ⇿ࡢᏊ࠘ࡢྡࢆ౛࡟ᣲࡆࠊ
ࠕྛᆅࡢᫎ⏬⚍࡛᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣᡂຌࢆ཰ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜グࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᐇ㝿࡟㚷㈹ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ྰ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋឤ᝿ࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬↛࡟ཷࡅྲྀࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊほ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ༳㇟࡟ṧࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿
࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊⱁ⾡ศ㔝࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡣ࡝ࢀࡶࠊ⾲ᒙⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡇࢀࡣ⮬↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐤ✏ࡢ౫㢗ࢆཷࡅࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ
᪥ᮏ⾜ࡁࡢヰࢆ┿๢࡟ཷࡅ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ⾲ᒙⓗ࡞グ㏙࡟⤊ጞࡍࡿࡢ̿̿ࡣᙜ↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡔࡀࠊ㗦࠸ᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ⾲ᒙᩥ໬࡛࠶ࡿ⤮⏬࡞࡝ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ⢭⚄ᩥ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᛮ࠸ࢆᕠࡽࡏࡿグ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ῝࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓẸ᪘ⓗ࡛⮬ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞≉ᛶ࡟㐪࠸࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀ
ࡽࡀ᪥ᮏேࡢ୰࡟ࠊつᚊ࡜ᚑ㡰ࡉ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㢮⛥࡞ࡿឤᛶࢆ⫱ࢇࡔࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀࡣࡓࡔࡢ⏕ࡲࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࡢឤᛶ࡛ࡶࠊᡯ⬟࡛ࡶࠊᛶ㉁࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊఱ༓ᖺ
࡟ࡶࢃࡓࡿᩍ⫱ࡢ㈷≀࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㨩ຊⓗ࡞᪥ᮏࡢⱁ⾡సရࡸ᪥ᮏࡢ〇ရࡣ࡝ࢀࡶࠊࣜࢬ࣒ࡢṇ☜ࡉࡸ㋀ࡾࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⚾ⓗ࡞ゝⴥࡢ࠶ࡸ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡽ࡟ྥࡅࡓឤᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᏶⎍ࡉ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⢓ࡾᙉ࠸ຊࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㌷ḷࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤぬࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇࢀࡶ୍ࡘࡢ೫ぢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡔ᪥ᮏࢆゼࢀ࡚ࡶ࠸࡞࠸ࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊ⮬ศࡀᗂᑡᮇ࠿ࡽࢃࡎ࠿࡟ゐࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⾲ᒙⓗ࡞ᩥ໬ࡢ⫼ᬒࢆ▱ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ࡣᚲࡎࡸఱ࠿ࡋࡽࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ
ࢁ࠺࡜᥎ࡍࡿጼໃ࡟ᖺ௦࡜࠸࠺ⱁ⾡ྐ࡟ṧࡿ᫬௦ࢆ≌ᘬࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ⫋Ṕࡶ᪑⾜Ṕࡶ㇏ᐩ࡛ࠊከࡃࡢᩥ໬ࢆ▱ࡿ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢឤᛶࠊ⤒㦂ࠊᩍ㣴ࡀ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᙼࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃேࡀ⾲㠃ࡋ࠿ぢ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶᢈุࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ
㢼่⏬ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚⊂⮬ࡢ⪃ᐹࡶຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏேࡀẼရ࡜Ẽ㧗ࡉࠊៅࡳ῝ࡉ࡜࠸࠺௬㠃ࢆᖖ࡟㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࢆእᅜேࡢ๓࡛እࡍࡇ
࡜࡞ࡃࠊᮏᙜࡢ㢦ࡣ⮬ศ௨እ࡟ࡣぢࡏ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡢࡔࠋࡑࡢ
㝿ࠊࣉࣛࣁฟ㌟ࡢࣘࢲࣖ⣔ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒసᐙࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭࢝ࣇ࢝㸦)UDQ] .DIND 㻙㸧ࡢྡ๓ࡶᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛࢝ࣇ࢝సရࡢேẼࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋㄞ⪅࡬ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ⢭⚄ࡶᛀࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
グ஦ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ฟ఍ࡗࡓࡈࡃࢃࡎ࠿ࡢ᪥ᮏேࡢヰ࡟ゐࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࢖ࢠࣜࢫ␃Ꮫ᫬௦࡟▱ࡾྜࡗࡓ୕ேࡢᏛ⏕࡜ࡢ༳㇟῝࠸ᛮ࠸ฟࡢ࡯࠿ࡣࠊࣃࣜ
࡛▱ࡾྜࡗࡓ⏬ᐙࡢ⸨⏣Ⴙ἞ࠊ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝▱ࡾྜࡗࡓ࢖ࢧ࣒࣭ࣀࢢࢳ࡞࡝ࠊⱁ
⾡ྐ࡟ྡࢆṧࡍୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ⴭྡ࡞ே≀࡜ࡢฟ఍࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ᙼࡽ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ከࡃグ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㢼่⏬ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬㌟ࡢ௙஦ࡢ┠ⓗࡸ̿̿࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿

ព⩏ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢ௬㠃ࡢୗ࡟㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⣲ࡢே㛫ࡢ㢦ࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ
ᕼᮃࡍࡿࠋ࣓ࠗ࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃ࡛ࣥ࠘ࡣࠊ᮶᪥ᚋ࡟ࠊᐤ✏ᩥ࡬ࡢ཯㡪ࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᐤ✏ࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣࠊእᅜேࡢ᪥ᮏほࢆ▱ࡾࡓࡀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶグࡋࡓࠋ୕᪥ᚋ࡟⚾ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟฿╔ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ⚾ࡣࠊ౛ࡢグ஦ࡀࡓࡔᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ཯㡪ࢆ࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗࡓࠋ࢝ࢦ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ࡢᡭ⣬ࡀࠊᙜ↛⚾ࡣࡑࢀࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀࠊ⦅㞟㒊࡟ᒆ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋᖺࡶ
㢦ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⏣ᑼẶࡀಶேⓗ࡟ྡ஌ࡾฟ࡚ࠊⱥᅜ࡛ࡢ⚾ࡓࡕࡢᑠ᪑⾜࠿ࡽከࡃࡢ᭶᪥ࡀὶࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ㛫࡟ᙼࡶࡲࡓ኱౑࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
⚾ࡓࡕࡢ෌఍ࡢ⩣᪥ࠊᙼࡣ㤶ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ࡬ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ஺

΅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟᪑❧ࡗࡓࠋ᫓᪥஭Ặࡶࡲࡓྡ஌ࡾฟ࡚ࠊᙼࡣࡇࡢ㛫࡟ᮾி࡟࠶
ࡿ᫂἞኱Ꮫ࡛ᩍ㠴࡟❧ࡘᨻ἞⤒῭ࡢᩍᤵ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡓࡔࠊ୕ே┠ࡢࡶ࠺୍ேࡔࡅࡣぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㹙୰␎㹛ࡇࡢ࡯ࢇࡢࢃࡎ࠿㛵ࢃࡗࡓ⣬㠃࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊఱ༑ࡶࡢ᪂⪺♫࠿ࡽⱁ⾡ࠊ㣗஦ࠊ⮬ẅࠊእᅜⅭ᭰ࠊ໭ᾏ㐨ࡢほගࠊᩥᏛ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᢈホࢆồࡵࡿఱ༑ࡶࡢ౫㢗ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋࡑࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡀࡓࡔࡓࡔ᪥ᮏ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛
࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏேࡣᙼࡽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿእᅜேࡢぢ᪉࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐ
ࡍࡿࢳ࢙ࢥࢫࣦࣟ࢓࢟࢔ࡢぢゎࢆࠋࡇࡢグ㏙ࡣ᫂ᛌ࡛ࠊࡲࡎࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ཯㡪ࡢከࡉ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟㦫ࡃ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝ
ࡢᵝᏊࡀ┠࡟ᾋ࠿ࡪࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭱ᚋࡢ୍ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿࠕࢳ࢙ࢥࢫࣦࣟ࢓࢟࢔ࡢぢゎࢆࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙࠿ࡽࡣࠊ᪥ᮏேࡀࢳ࢙ࢥࢫࣦࣟ࢓࢟࢔࡜࠸࠺㐲࠸␗ᅜࡢே࡟࡝ࡢࡼ
࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ᙉ࠸㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡀ㦫ࡁ࡜཭ዲⓗ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ
࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢグ㏙ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ࡢࠕ᪥ᮏࢆ᝿࠺ࠖࢩ࣮ࣜ
ࢬࡢෑ㢌ࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᙜ᫬ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢᵝᏊࡶ࠺࠿ࡀ࠸▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࠋᙜヱࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࢆ௻⏬ࡋࡓពᅗࡸ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ̿̿࣌ࣥ኱఍࡟ཧຍࡍࡿᩥ➹ᐙࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣ᪥ᮏࢆ㛫᥋ⓗ࡟̿ࡘࡲࡾ᭩≀ࡸᫎ⏬ࡸேࡢヰ࡞࡝ࡔࡅ࡛̿▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢேࡀᥥࡃࠕ᪥
ᮏࠖࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜ࠊ⌧ᐇࡢ᪥ᮏࡢࢬࣞࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ᪥ᮏࡀ
▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢࡔࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢬࣞࢆṇࡍࡇ࡜ࡶ͆ᮾすᩥᏛࡢ஺ὶ͇ࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡍࡿ኱఍ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ
ୗ⥺㒊࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࠕࡑࢀࡔࡅ᪥ᮏࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧࠿ࡽࡣࠊᡓᚋࡲࡔࡑࢀ࡯࡝᭶᪥ࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᨵࡵ࡚ᛮ࠸▱ࡽࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡜ྠ᫬
࡟ࠊࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ᪥ᮏ♫఍඲యࡀࠊእᅜࡢேࡢ┠࡟ᫎࡿᡓᚋࡢ᪥ᮏࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟Ẽ࡟࠿ࡅࠊ᪥ᮏࢆࡶࡗ࡜▱ࡗ࡚ḧࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᡓᚋᖺࠊᩋᡓࡢグ᠈ࢆࡲࡔᙉࡃᘬࡁࡎࡿ࡞࠿᚟⯆ࢆ㐙ࡆࠊ㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡬࡜✺ධࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏேࡀㅖእᅜ࡟ᙉ࠸㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ
ࡲࡓ௚ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ༳㇟࡟ᙉ࠸ὀពࢆᡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢド࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤぬࡣࠊᙜ᫬࡟㝈ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ⩻ࡗ࡚ᖺ⌧ᅾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᮏ✏ࡶྵࡴእᅜேࡢ᪥ᮏほࢆၥ࠺◊✲ࡶከࡃࠊእᅜேࡢ┠⥺ࢆẼ
࡟ࡍࡿⅬࡣኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢࡔࠋࡉࡽ࡞ࡿవㄯ࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀ
ࡣ᪥ᮏேࡢ௚ேࡢ┠ࢆẼ࡟ࡍࡿഴྥ࡜ࡶఱ࠿㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺
࠿ࠋ㸲㸬ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ࡟ぢࡿ᮶᪥ᚋࡢ᪥ᮏ࡬ࡢ༳㇟
᪤㏙ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠊࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ࡢᏛⱁḍ࡛ࡣࠊᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠊཧຍ
ࡋࡓྛᅜࡢ௦⾲࡟᮶᪥ᚋ࡟᪥ᮏࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ぢࡓ࠿ࡢᐤ✏ࡶ౫㢗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑ
ࢀࡽࡢཎ✏ࡣࠊࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࠕ⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏࢆぢࡓࠖ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠋࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࡢึᅇ࡟
ࡣ㊃᪨ㄝ᫂ࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ୍㒊ࢆᢤ⢋ࡍࡿࠋࡉ࡚ࠊ࣌ࣥ኱఍ࡣ⤊ࡗࡓࠋ࠶ࢃࡓࡔࡋ࠸༑᪥㛫࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊእᅜࡢ௦
⾲⪅ࡓࡕࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀᙉ࠸͆᪥ᮏࡢ༳㇟͇ࢆᚰ࡟้ࢇࡔࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᮶ࡿ๓ࠊ
ࡑࡋ࡚᮶࡚࠿ࡽࠊᙼࡽࡢᙳീࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞༳㇟࡟ኚࡗࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᥥ࠸
࡚࠸ࡓ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲᐇឤ࡛⿬࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ேࡶ࠸ࡿࠋ⮬ศࡢ᪥ᮏほࡣ࡞ࢇ࡜ⓗእࢀࡔࡗࡓ࠿࡜⪃࠼࡞࠾ࡋࡓ௦⾲ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡉࡁ࡟
ᐤ✏ࢆࡶ࡜ࡵࡓ༑ே࡟ࠊࡩࡓࡓࡧ࣌ࣥࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋ
̿̿࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿

グ஦࡟ࡣࠕ༑ேࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡀࠊ➹⪅ࡀㄪ࡭ࡓ㝈ࡾࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ㸴ྡࡢグ஦ࡋ࠿ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࡣ➨㸴ᅇ㸦ᖺ᭶᪥࡟ᥖ㍕㸧࡛㏵⤯࠼ࡓࠋ᭱ึࡢࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ㡰࡟ᣲࡆࡿ࡜ࠊࢳ࢙ࢥ௦⾲ࡢ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢱ࣮㸦ᙜ᫬ࡢㄞࡳ㸧ࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ௦⾲ࡢࢣࣝࣅ࣭ࣥࣜࣥࢹ࣐ࣥࠊすࢻ࢖ࢶ௦⾲࣒࣮࣊ࣝࢺ࣭
ࣇ࢛࣭ࣥࢢ࣮ࣛࢮࢼࢵࣉࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ௦⾲ࡢ࢔ࣥࢺࢽ࣭ࢫࣟࢽ࣒ࢫ࢟ࠊࡇࢀࡽ
㸲ྡࡢグ஦ࡣࠊᙜヱࢩ࣮ࣜࢬෆ࡛ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊ㸲ྡࡢసᐙࡽࡣᖐᅜᚋࠊከᛁ࡞࡝ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ஦᝟࡟ࡼࡾࠊཎ✏ࡢ㏦௜ࢆᛰࡗࡓࠊ࠶ࡿ
࠸ࡣࠊኻᛕࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࢆ௻⏬ࡋࡓࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ഃ࡛ࠊཎ✏ࢆពᅗⓗ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࡓࡵࠊཎ✏ࡀᒆ࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜᥎
ࡍࡿࡢࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࠕ⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏࢆぢࡓࠖࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ➨㸴ᅇࡢグ஦࠿ࡽ㸳ࣨ᭶ᚋࡢᖺ㸲᭶᪥࡟ࠊࢳ࢙ࢥᩥᏛ◊✲ᐙࠊᰩᰨ⥅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠕ࣍ࣇ
࣐࢖ࢫࢱ࣮ࡀぢࡓ᪥ᮏࠖ࡜㢟ࡍࡿグ஦ࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠋᰩᰨࡣࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝ
ࡀᖺᮎ࡟ࢳ࢙ࢥࡢᩥⱁ㐌หㄅࠗᩥ໬࠘ࡸࠗᩥᏛ᪂⪺࠘࡟᪥ᮏࡢ༳㇟グࡸ࣌ࣥ኱఍࣏ࣝࣝࢱ࣮ࢪࣗࢆ㐃㍕ࡋࠊᖺࠗᩥᏛ᪂⪺࠘᪂ᖺྕࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡛ࡣࠊ௒
ᚋࡢィ⏬࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏ༳㇟グࠖࢆ᭩ࡁୖࡆࡿணᐃࡔ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ᪨ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋ௒࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᮏ༳㇟グࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚᭩ࡁୖࡆࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊᖺᮎ࡟㐃㍕ࡉࢀࡓ᪥ᮏ༳㇟グࡸ࣌ࣥ኱఍࣏ࣝࣝࢱ࣮ࢪࣗࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑ
ࢀࡣᖺ࡟࣓ࠗ࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃࣥ࠘࡜ࡋ࡚⤖ᐇࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ
ᰩᰨࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢグ஦ࢆධᡭࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡀࠊゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃᰩᰨࡣ⤂௓ࡋࡓグ஦ࡍ࡭࡚࡟┠ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺ௦ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡛ࠊ㐶࠿㐲࠸ࢳ࢙ࢥࡢ᪂⪺ࡸ㞧ㄅࡀ࡝ࢀ࡯࡝
⡆༢࡟ධᡭ࡛ࡁࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡸࡑࡢ㛵ಀ⪅࠿ࡽ┤᥋ධᡭࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᰩᰨࡣᖺ⏕ࡲࢀ࡛ࠊࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡸࠊࣁࢩ࢙
ࢡ࡞࡝ከᩘࡢࢳ࢙ࢥᩥᏛࢆ᪥ᮏ࡟⩻ヂ⤂௓ࡋࡓே≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣌ࣥ኱఍࡛ࡣ࣍ࣇ
࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡽ࡜஺ὶࢆᣢࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞఍ྜ࡟࿧ࡤࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ
࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡶ⮬ⴭ࡛᫂࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࡞ࢇࡢ᥋ゐࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜
ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊከᛁࢆᴟࡵࡓ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㛵ಀ⪅࠿ࡽグ஦ࡢ㏦௜ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡀ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᰩᰨ࡟ࡼࡿࠕ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏࠖࡣ࣓ࠗ࢖ࢻ࣭࢖
̿̿࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃࣥ࠘࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡢせⅬࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⡆₩࡛ศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࢆㄞࡵࡤࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᮶᪥ᚋࡢ኱ࡲ࠿࡞᪥ᮏほࡣ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢグ㏙ࢆ⣽࠿ࡃホ౯ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾ⣽࠿࠸グ㏙࡟┠ࢆྥࡅࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᮶᪥ᚋࡢ᪥ᮏほࡢ୍➃ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ㊊᥃࠿ࡾ࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
࣓ࠗ࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃ࡛ࣥ࠘ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ୍⯡࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ஧ࡘ࡟せⅬࢆ⤠ࡗ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠕ⮬↛ࠖࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠕேࠎ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ⮬↛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᐩኈᒣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬↛⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞どⅬ࠿ࡽ࡜ᩥ໬ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞
どⅬࢆ⧊ࡾ஺ࡐ࡚ࠊᕦࡳ࡟ᥥ෗ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ⮬↛ࡸ⾤୪ࡳ඲యࢆࠊ
ᙜ᫬࠿ࡽ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡶேẼࡢ㧗࠸᪥ᮏᗞᅬࡸ┅᱂࡟࡞ࡒࡽ࠼࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⨾ࡋࡉࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊⅆᒣࡢከࡉࡶㄝ᫂ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⬣ጾࡸᜍᛧࠊࡑࢀ࡜㞄ࡾྜࢃࡏ࡟⏕ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬ศ࡞ࡾ࡟ゎ㔘ࢆຍ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ⨾࡜ᜍᛧࡀᶓ୪ࡧ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍ
ࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ࢝ࣇ࢝ࡢྡ๓ࢆᘬࡁྜ࠸࡟ฟࡋࠊ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢ㛫࡛ᗈࡃㄞࡲࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ⌮⏤ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡣࠊ࢝ࣇ࢝ࡀࠊࠕᚤ➗ࡴ⨾ࡋࡉࡢᖾ㐠ࡢᙳ
࡟㌟ࢆ᩾ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᐁ൉ⓗ࡞ᜍᛧࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ┿᪂ࡋ࠸㞷࡟ࡉ࠼ࡶ༳ࢆṧࡍࡼ࠺࡞ᜍᛧࡀ₯ࡴ⎔ቃ࡛ࡢάຊࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽࠖࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ࢝ࣇ࢝ࡢ
ᥥ࠸ࡓୡ⏺ほ࡜᪥ᮏࡢ⮬↛ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ⨾࡜ᜍᛧࡢ㞄ࡾྜࢃࡏ࡟ࡣඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡶࡢ
ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡔࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡇࡢᜍᛧ࡟ࡣࠊ⮬↛ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᗈᓥ࡛ࡢཎ⇿ᢞୗ࡟ࡼࡿᝒ๻ࡶྵࡲࢀࡓࠋ
࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡣࡲࡓࠊࠕᐇ㝿ࡢ⤒㦂ࡣ༳㇟ࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿࠖ࡜ࡶ㏙࡭࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
▷ᮇ㛫ࡢ⁫ᅾ࡛ࡣࠊ᮶᪥๓ࡢ༳㇟ࡀそࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁ⿬௜ࡅࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ
ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⮬↛࡟ᑐࡍࡿ༳㇟ࡣ᮶᪥ᚋࡢ⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⿬࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺ࡔ
ࡀࠊேࠎ࡟ᑐࡍࡿグ㏙ࡣࠊලయⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ヰ࡟⤊ጞࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠾ࡑࡽ
ࡃᕷẸ࡜᥋ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀࡑࢀ࡯࡝ᣢࡓࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
᪥ᮏࡢேࠎ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊෑ㢌࡛ᗈᓥࡢཎ⇿࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏேࡀࠊ
ཎ⇿࡜࠸࠺ࠕே㢮ࡢ᭱኱ࡢ㞟ᅋⓗᝒ๻ࠖࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾ࠊ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ᚤ⣽࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㨩ຊ࡟┠ࢆྥࡅࡿࠕ㢮⛥࡞ࡿࠖឤᛶࢆኻ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡢ
ぢゎࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡑࡢᚤ⣽࡞ࡿ≀ࡢ୍ࡘࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ᗞᅬࠊ࡞࠿࡛ࡶᮌࠎࡸ▼ࡢ㓄⨨ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᗞᅬ࡟㝈ࡽࡎࠊ᪥ᖖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡶࡢࡢ㔞ࠊᙧࠊⰍࠊ㓄ิ࡞࡝࡟つ̿̿࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿

๎ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡀࠊࡲࡓே㛫࡜≀࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀேࠎࢆ
ྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⯙ྎ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊㄪ࿴ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ேࠎࡀᬽࡽࡍጼ
࡟⨾ࡋࡉࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟ࠊᙜ᫬ࠊྎ㢌ࡋጞࡵࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ
ᐩ⿱ᒙࡀ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㄪ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ㄪࡢࡶࡢࢆ᪥ᮏࡢᐙᒇ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡼ࠺
࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣᙉ࠸ᠱᛕࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪥ᮏேࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃⓗ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ດຊࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣ③ࡲࡋ࠸⛬࡟࠾࠿ࡋ࡞᪉ྥ࡬࡜ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏேࡣࡓ࠸
࡚࠸ࠊ⾲ᒙⓗ࡛ὸⷧ࡞୰ὶ㝵⣭ࡢࠊಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡯࡝ࡢᝏ㊃࿡࡬࡜ለⴠࡍ
ࡿࡢࡔࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᐩ⿱ᒙࡢᐙᗞ࡟࠶ࡿ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㄪ࡟ᩚ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡈࡃᬑ㏻ࡢ
㒊ᒇࡣࠊᏳࡗࡱ࠸⏣⯋㊃࿡ࠊ⏣⯋ࡢᐙලࠊࡑࢀ࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝୰ᮾ㒊ࡢᴦᅬࡢΰࡊࡾྜ࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㦫࠿ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦ᦬ࡀேࠎ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡢ༙ศࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜Ḣ⡿ࡢࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡢඹᏑ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᎘ᝏ࡜ᠱᛕࡀᙉࡃぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢆᝏ㊃࿡࡞␗ᅜ㊃࿡࡜ᢈุࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀࡍ࡛࡟᪥ᮏࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊேࠎࡀព㆑
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡑࢀࡀ᪥ᖖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦ඞࡔ࡜᩿ࡌࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡇ
ࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ஌ࡾ≀ࡢ୰࠿ࡽぢࡿࡔࡅ࡛༑ศ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ┦ඞࡢኊ኱࡞Ṕྐⓗព⩏ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡳࡿᚲせࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࠕࡑࢀࡣ᪥ᮏᩥ໬࡜࢔࣓ࣜ
࢝ᩥ᫂࡜ࡢ┦ඞ࡞ࡢࡔࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢆ⤊࠼ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᡓᚋࡢ࢔࣓
ࣜ࢝࡟ࡼࡿ⤫἞࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆ≀ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢᣦ᦬⮬యࡶࡲࡓ⾲ᒙⓗ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊ㢼่⏬ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢどⅬࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕぢ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ⿬ࡢ㠃ࢆ᥀ࡾୗ
ࡆࡿどⅬࡢ㗦ࡉࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᙼࡢ▷ᮇ⁫ᅾ࡛ࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟࠾࠸࡚ຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ⡆⣲࡞⨾࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯ࡣࠊᖺ௦ࡢࢳ࢙ࢥ࣭ࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ࠊ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⡆⣲ࢆ᫝࡜ࡋࡓⱁ⾡⏺ࢆ≌ᘬࡋࡓⱁ⾡ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢឤᛶ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡶ
࠸࠼ࡿࠋ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡀ᮶᪥๓࡟ぢࡓ࠸࡜ゝࡗࡓ௬㠃ࡢୗࡢᮏᙜࡢ㢦ࡣࠊᮏ✏࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊᰩᰨࡢᣦ᦬࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ࡢ࣏ࣝࣝࢱ࣮ࢪࣗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᕝ➃ᗣᡂࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿᐇ㝿࡟᥋ࡍࡿᶵ఍
ࡢ࠶ࡗࡓ㌟㏆࡞᪥ᮏே࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢ࡯ࢇࡢ୍㒊ࡢ┿ࡢ㢦ࢆᇉ㛫ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ̿̿࡛ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ࡢᵝᏊࢆ⥛ࡗࡓ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡢศᯒࡶ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ᪥ᮏほࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸳㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
ᮏ✏ࡣࠊᖺ࡟ึ᮶᪥ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᮶᪥࡟⮳ࡿ⤒⦋ࠊࡑࡢᛮ࠸ࠊ᮶᪥๓ࡢ༳㇟࡜᮶᪥ᚋࡢ༳㇟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ࡢグ஦࠾ࡼࡧ࣓ࠗ
࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃࣥ࠘཰㘓ࡢ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほࡢ୍➃ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᮍࡔᡭ௜࠿ࡎ࡛࠶
ࡾࠊᮏᅜ࡛ࡢᙜ᫬ࡢ⳹ࠎࡋ࠸ά㌍࡜ࡣ⿬⭡࡟ࠊ◊✲ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ぢ
࡚ࡁࡓ㏻ࡾࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡀ᮶᪥ࡋࠊࡲࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グ㏙ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ᪥ᮏ
࡜ࢳ࢙ࢥ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ䝏䜵䝁䝇䝻䞂䜯䜻䜰࡜ࡢ஺ὶྐࡢ୍➃ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ
࡞ࡾࠊࡲࡓእᅜே࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏᩥ໬ㄽࡢṔྐ࡟᪂ࡓ࡞どᗙࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ
࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏ⁫ᅾࡣࠊ࣌ࣥ኱఍๓ᚋࡢᮇ㛫࡜࠸࠺࡯ࢇࡢഹ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡓࡵࠊ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⁫ᅾࡋࡓእᅜேࡢࡶࡢ࡯࡝῝࠸⪃ᐹ࡟ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋ
ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᖺ࡜࠸࠺᫬௦ⓗ⫼ᬒࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ⤒Ṕࡸ᪑⾜Ṕࢆ㚷ࡳࢀࡤࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᮶᪥⤒㦂࡜ࡑࡢ᪑⾜グࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ព⩏ࡣぢฟࡏࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊほගᐈ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢどⅬ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⾲ᒙⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ⪃ᐹࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿᶵ఍ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡀࠊ㛗ᮇ⁫ᅾ⪅ࡢどⅬࢆㄞࡳゎࡃୖ࡛ࡢẚ㍑ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ຠࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏ࡟㛗ᮇ⁫ᅾࡋࡓࢳ࢙ࢥே࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣࠊࣂ࣭࣐ࣝ࣎ࣛࣝࢣ࣮ࢱ࣭
࢚ࣜ࢔࣮ࢩࣦࣙ࢓࣮㸦%DUERUD 0DUNpWD (OLiãRYi 㻫㻙㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽ⪃ࡀࣈࣝࢼ࣭࣮ࣝ࢝ࢩࣗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᫬௦ࡣ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡼࡾࡎࡗ
࡜๓ࡢ኱ṇ࣭᫛࿴ึᮇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘᒓᛶࡣዪᛶ᪑⾜ᐙࠊ⁫ᅾ┠ⓗࡶࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖
ࢫࢸࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡞௙஦࡛࿨ࡌࡽࢀ࡚࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࢆゼࢀࡓࠊ㐲࠸␗ᅜࢳ࢙ࢥே࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⪃ᐹࡶࡼࡾ㇏࠿࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞እᅜேࡢ┠࡟ᫎࡿ᪥ᮏീ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡢ୍➃ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࡶ
ࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ⪃ᐹࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᮏ✏ࡣࠊ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほࡢࡈࡃ୍㒊࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊᙼࡢάື඲యࢆࡼࡾᖜᗈ࠸ど㔝࡛ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛
࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟῝ࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ⪃ᐹࢆຍ࠼ࡓ࠸ࠋ
̿̿࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿ὀ㸯

$GROI +RIIPHLVWHU Made in Japan: Cestopisná reportáž o zemi, kde vybuchla
první atomová puma. 3UDKD ýHVNRVORYHQVNê VSLVRYDWHO ๓ྕࡢᣋ✏࡛ࡣࠊࠗ᪥ᮏ〇࠘࡜ヂฟࡋࡓࡀࠊཎ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶཎㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࢳ࢙ࢥㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃⱥ
ㄒ࡛ࡢ⾲グࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣእ᮶⾲⌧࡜ࡋ࡚࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ⾲グ
࡟ᨵࡵࡓࠋ

㸰

+RIIPHLVWHU Ä2 -DSRQVNX QHå MVHP MH YLGČO³ ,Q +RIIPHLVWHU op. cit. V 㸬㸱᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ㛤ദ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ┠㔝⏤ᕼࠕᓥᓮ⸨ᮧ࡜ᑐ࢖ࣥࢻ᪥ᮏᩥ໬እ஺ࡢ᣸
ᢡ̿ᡓ๓ᮇ᪥ᮏ࣌ࣥࢡࣛࣈ࡟ࡼࡿ᪥༳஺ὶྐࠖ
㸦ࠗᩥᏛ◊✲ㄽ㞟࠘➨ྕࠊ⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫẚ㍑࣭⌮ㄽᩥᏛ఍ࠊᖺࠊ㡫㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᖺࡢᅜ㝿኱఍ࡀึཧຍࡢ᪥ᮏࡀᖺ࡟㛤ദᅜ࡜࡞ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࢖ࣥࢻࡢ༠ຊࢆᚓࡓࡀᙜ
ヱᖺ࡛ࡢ㛤ദࡣ᩿ᛕࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋᖺ࡛ࡢᮾி㛤ദ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻഃ
ࡀ෌ᗘ༠ຊࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ึࡢᅜ㝿኱఍ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ྠ㡫㸧ࠋࡼࡾヲࡋ࠸⤒⦋ࡣᙜヱㄽᩥࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ

㸲ᙜ᫬ࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔㸻ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᖇᅜ⤫἞ୗ࡟࠶ࡾࠊࢳ࢙ࢥࢫࣦࣟ࢓࢟
࢔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⊂❧ࡣᖺࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ⏕࠸❧ࡕ࠾ࡼࡧ␎Ṕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ9ODGLPtU )RUVW HG  Lexikon ýeské literatury: Osobnosti, díla,instituce: 2 / I: H-J. 3UDKD $FDGHPLD  V  ࠾ࡼࡧ3HWU =tGHN HG 
Osobnosti Lidových novin: Životní pĜíbČhy lidí, kteĜí vytváĜeli nejstarší þeský deník(1893-1989). 3UDKD 8QLYHUVXP  V ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㸳ࠕࡘࡢຊࠖ
㸦GHYČW㸻ࡘࡢࠊVLO㸻ຊ㸧ࡢពࠋ⏬ᐙࠊ'HYČWVLO  ࠕⷋࠖࠊసᐙࠊリேࠊ㡢ᴦᐙࠊᢈホᐙࠊᙺ⪅ࠊ⯙㋃ᐙࠊ෗┿ᐙ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࣦ࢓ࣥ
ࢠࣕࣝࢻⱁ⾡ᐙ㞟ᅋࠋᡓ㛫ᮇࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛᭱ࡶ㛗ࡃάືࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ
ࡦ࡜ࡘࠋᖺ᭶᪥࡟ࠕࢹࣦ࢕࢚ࢺࢫ࢕ࣝ༠఍ࠖࢆタ❧ࠋᖺ௦࡟ࡣࠊ
ࢳ࢙ࢥ࣭ࢩࣗࣝࣞ࢔ࣜࢫ࣒ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀࡓࠋࢳࣕࢵࣉࣜࣥ
㸦&KDUOHV &KDSOLQ 㸧ࡸࣟ࢖ࢻ㸦+DUROG /OR\G 㸧ࡶྡ㄃఍ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ྡࢆ㐃ࡡࡓࠋᖺ௦ࡢࢳ࢙ࢥ࣭ࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ᩥⱁ㐠ືࡢ୍⩼ࢆᢸࡗ
ࡓࠋ'HUHN 6D\HU The Coast of Bohemia: A Czech History. 3ULQFHWRQ 3ULQFHWRQ
8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV  S 
̿̿

㸴

ཎㄒ㸸9\VRNi ãNROD XPČOHFNRSUĤP\VORYi Y 3UD]H ኱Ꮫࡢ᪥ᮏㄒヂࢆ๓ྕ࡛ࡢ
ࠕࣉࣛࣁⱁ⾡ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫࠖ࠿ࡽᨵࡵࡓࠋ

㸵ࣉࣛࣁᕤⱁ኱Ꮫ䠤䠬ୖࠕ࢔ࢽ࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ᫎ⏬ࠖࢥ࣮ࢫタ❧࿘ᖺグᛕ௻⏬
ࡢ ⤂ ௓ ࡼ ࡾ 㸦 KWWSVZZZXPSUXPF]ZHEFVJUDILNDILOPRYDDWHOHYL]QLJUDILND
VHGPGHVHWLOHWLDWHOLHUXDQLPDFHQDXPSUXP㸧ᖺ᭶᪥᭱⤊㜀ぴࠋ㸶+RIIPHLVWHU op. cit. V  ᣋヂࠊ௨ୗྠᵝࠋ㸷ᙳᒣ୕㑻ࠗ᪂⪺ᢞ᭩ḍ̿̿Ẹ⾗ゝㄽࡢᖺ࠘⌧௦ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ฟ∧఍ࠊᖺࠊ㡫࠾ࡼࡧ㡫ࠋᙳᒣࡢ␎Ṕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྠ᭩ᥖ㍕ࡢⴭ᭩␎Ṕࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋࡓࠋ

ᙳᒣࡣࡢࡕ࡟ᢞ᭩ḍ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⴭ᭩ࡸㄽᩥࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ᖺ᭶᪥௜ᮅห㠃ࠋ+RIIPHLVWHU op. cit. V +RIIPHLVWHU op. cit. V  ࡇࡇ࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᩥ❶࡜ࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓᐤ✏ᩥ㸦᪥ᮏㄒヂ∧㸧࡟ࡣከᑡࡢᕪ␗ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ➽ࢆኚ࠼ࡿ࡯
࡝኱ࡁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᕪ␗࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➹⪅ࡣ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡀࠗᮅ
᪥᪂⪺࠘࡟㏦௜ࡋࡓඖཎ✏ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡬ࡢ⩻ヂୖࡢ┬␎ࡸពヂ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄗヂ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ᭩⡠໬ࡢ㝿࡟࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸ
ࣝ⮬㌟ࡀ୍㒊᭩ࡁ┤ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝ⮬㌟ࡀⱥㄒ࡜ࢳ࢙
ࢥㄒ࡛᭩ࡃୖ࡛⾲⌧ࢆኚ࠼ࡓࡢ࠿ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ୍㒊࡟࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ᕪ␗ࡀ࠶ࡿⅬࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ୧⪅ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ㐺ᐅࡼࡾヲࡋ࠸グ㏙ࢆᇶ࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ

ᰩᰨ⥅ࠕ࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏࠖࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ᖺ᭶᪥௜ᮅห

㠃ࠋࠗᩥ໬࠘ࡢཎ㢟࠾ࡼࡧ᭩ㄅࢹ࣮ࢱࡣKultura: Týdeník pro kulturu a uméni.
3UDKD 2UELV 

+RIIPHLVWHU op. cit. V +RIIPHLVWHU op. cit. V 

ࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ᖺ᭶᪥௜ᮅห㠃ࠋୗ⥺㒊ࡣᘬ⏝⪅࡟ࡼࡿࠋࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ᖺ᭶᪥௜ᮅห㠃ࠋ

+RIIPHLVWHU op. cit. V 

Ibid. V ̿̿࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࡢ᪥ᮏほ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ̿ᖺᇳ➹ࠕ⚾ࡢぢࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿

୺せཧ⪃ᩥ⊩+RIIPHLVWHU $GROI Made in Japan: Cestopisná reportáž o zemi, kde vybuchla první
atomová puma. 3UDKD ýHVNRVORYHQVNê VSLVRYDWHO 
ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫⦅ࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺⦰ๅ∧ࠑ᚟้∧ࠒ࠘᪥ᮏᅗ᭩ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠊᖺࠋࠕ➨஧༑஑ᅇᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍㆟஦㘓୍஑஬୐ᖺ஑᭶୍᪥̿ඵ᪥᪊ᮾி࣭ி㒔ࠖ♫ᅋἲே᪥ᮏ࣭࣌ࣥࢡࣛࣈࠋ)RUVW 9ODGLPtU HG  Lexikon ýeské literatury: Osobnosti, díla, instituce: 2 / I: H-J.
3UDKD $FDGHPLD 
6D\HU 'HUHN The Coast of Bohemia: A Czech History. 3ULQFHWRQ 3ULQFHWRQ
8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV 
=tGHN 3HWU HG  Osobnosti Lidových novin: Životní pĜíbČhy lidí, kteĜí vytváĜeli
nejstarší þeský deník (1893-1989). 3UDKD 8QLYHUVXP 
㹆࣭㹋⏕ࠕᅜ㝿࣌ࣥࢡࣛࣈ኱఍࡟࠾ࡶ࠺ࠖࠗぶ࿴࠘➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋⰱἑග἞Ⰻࠊ㧗ᶫ⩏Ꮥࠊ໭ᮧ႐ඵࠊᯇᒸὒᏊࠊ໭ᕝ෤ᙪࠕᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ࢆ๓࡟
ࡋ࡚ࠖࠗᅧ㝿ᩥ໬࠘➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋⲨᕝ㱟ᙪࠕᮾす୧ὒᩥᏛࡢ┦஫ⓗᙳ㡪̿➨ᅇᅧ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ࡢㄢ㢟ࠖࠗᅜ㝿ᨻ⤒஦᝟࠘➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋዟ㝰ᰤ႐ࠕ᫓஭⸅ඛ⏕ࠖࠗ኱Ꮫྐ⣖せ࣭⣸⤃ࡢṔ⛬࠘➨ྕࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋᙳᒣ୕㑻ࠗ᪂⪺ᢞ᭩ḍ̿Ẹ⾗ゝㄽࡢᖺ࠘⌧௦ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ฟ∧఍ࠊ
ᖺࠋຍ⸨ಟࠕࢧࢨ࢚ࡉࢇࢆࡉࡀࡋ࡚̿ᅜ㝿࣌ࣥᮾி኱఍̿ᾏእࡢసᐙ㞟࠸㍤

࠸ࡓ⌮ᛕࠖࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘ᖺ᭶᪥௜ᅵ᭙ูๅࠗEH࠘㠃ࠋ࣮࢟ࣥࠊࢻࢼࣝࢻࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛࢆୡ⏺࡟ࡘ࡞ࡄࠖࠗ㐌หᮾி࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕࠊ
ᖺࠊ㡫ࠋୖᯘ⊱ኵࠕᅧ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍࡟᮶᪥ࡋࡓリேࡓࡕࠖࠗ᪥ᮏᮍ᮶ὴ࠘➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ
㡫ࠋ

̿̿

బ⸨࿴ኵࠕᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍❧ぢᖍࠖࠗ୰ኸබㄽ࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕࠊ୰ኸබㄽ♫ࠊ
ᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ㧗ᶫ೺஧ࠕᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱᭳ጞᮎグࠖࠗᚰ㸸⥲ྜᩥ໬ㄅ࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ㧗ᶫ⩏Ꮥࠕ➨ᅇᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍༳㇟グ㸸୺㢟ࡣ³࣌ࣥࡢ౑࿨࡟´̿ᮾி࡛㛤ࡃᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ࠖࠗ㐌หࢧࣥࢣ࢖࠘➨㸴ᕳ➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋࠕࢳ࢙ࢥࡢ⣲ᩛ࡞๓⾨࢔ࢻࣝࣇ࣭࣍ࣇ࣐࢖ࢫࢸࣝࠖࠗⱁ⾡᪂ㄪ࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕࠊ᪂₻♫ࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋᚨỌ㇏ࠕ⊩࿊ࡢ㎡ࠖࠗ᫂኱ၟᏥㄽ㞟࠘➨ᕳ➨㸰ྕࠊ᫂἞኱ᏛࠊᖺࠊLLL㡫ࠋ୰ᓥ೺ⶶࠕᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ࠖࠗ᪂᪥ᮏᩥᏛ࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ⸨ᒣឡ୍㑻ࠕ➨஧஑ᅇᅜ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍㛤఍ᘧ࡬ࡢ⚃㎡ࠖࠗᅧ㝿ᩥ໬࠘➨ྕࠊ
ᖺࠊ㡫ࠋࣈࣝࢼࠊ࣮ࣝ࢝ࢩࣗࠕ%࣭0࣭䜶䝸䜰䞊䝅䝵䞂䜯䞊䛸኱ṇᮇ࣭᫛࿴ึᮇࡢ᪥ᮏ㸦୍㸧̿᪂◊✲ࡢฟⓎⅬ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢᒎᮃࠖࠗᐇ㊶ᅜᩥᏛ࠘ࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ࣋ࢿࣟࠊࢪ࣮ࣙࢪࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ㨩ຊ࡜ࡣࠖࠗᅧ㝿ᩥ໬࠘➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋྥ஭ၨ㞝ࠕᅧ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍ጞᮎグࠖࠗ᪂₻࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋྥ஭ၨ㞝ࠕ➨ᅇᅧ㝿࣌ࣥ኱఍༳㇟グࠖࠗ㐌ห䝃䞁䜿䜲䛅➨ᅇ➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ
㡫ࠋ

̿̿

௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ⚾❧኱Ꮫ➼༶ᡓຊேᮦ⫱ᡂᨭ᥼஦ᴗ̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿ࠝάືሗ࿌ࠞ

႓გˏාഽজၛఱ‫ڠ‬൝௲୽ႁ૽ऺ଼֗঑‫׳‬মު̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿
ᶓ

⏣

ᜨ୕㑻

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᮏ஦ᴗࡣᖹᡂᖺᗘࡼࡾẖᖺᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢせㅉࡣከ㔜ⓗ࡟
࠿ࡘ」ྜⓗ࡞ᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣉࣛ
ࣥᙧᡂ࡟㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡽࡧ࡟┴ෆᑵ⫋࡬ࡢືᶵ௜ࡅࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛ
⏕ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ᕫศᯒࢆ㐺☜࡟⾜࡞࠸༞ᴗᚋࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣉࣛࣥࢆᥥ
ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ⱞປࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀከࡃࠊ୙Ᏻࡸᝎࡳࢆᢪ࠼࡞ࡀࡽ⮬ಙ࡞ࡃᑵ⫋άື࡟⮫ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ㢖⦾࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᩍ⫱࡟ຍ࠼ࡇࢀࡽ
஦ᴗࢆ⤡ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣉࣛࣥᙧᡂࢆᨭ᥼ࡋពḧ࡜⮬ಙࢆ῝ࡵࡓୖ࡛ᑵ⫋άືࢆ஌ࡾษࢀࡿࡼ࠺⎔ቃᩚഛࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛚䜚䜎䛩䚹䛭䛾┠ⓗ䛻ἢࡗ࡚௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⥅⥆ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ༞ᴗ⏕࡜ᅾᏛ⏕࡜ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᠓ㄯ఍ࠖࠊࠕ┴ෆ௻ᴗ➼࡬ࡢゼၥ㸦⌧ሙ㸧◊ಟࠖࠊࠕほග⣔௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡿᏛෆㅮ₇఍ࠖࡢ㸱௳ࢆࠊࡲࡓ᪂つࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕⓎಙຊࢆ㘫࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࠖࠊࠕ┴ෆ㐲㝸ᆅࡢ௻ᴗ➼࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࠖ
ࡢ㸰௳ࢆᐇ᪋࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋఱࢀࡶࢥࣟࢼ⚝࡛ࡢ㛤ദ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ឤᰁ㜵Ṇᑐ⟇࡟ࡣ≉࡟␃ពࡋࠊ࣐ࢫࢡ╔⏝ࠊᡭᣦࡢ࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝᾘẘࡑࡋ࡚┦஫࡟㐺ᗘ࡞㊥㞳ࢆಖࡘ࡞࡝Ᏻ඲࣭Ᏻᚰ࡞㛤ദ࡟ດࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋୗグ࡟ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㛤ദᴫせࢆࡈሗ࿌ࡋࡲࡍࠋグ༞ᴗ⏕࡜ᅾᏛ⏕࡜ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᠓ㄯ఍ ⥅⥆ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
օලయⓗ࡞≺࠸

Ꮫ⏕ࡀ༞ᴗᚋࡢ⫋ᴗ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆ㐺ษ࡟ᥥࡃ࡟ࡣࡁࡕࡗ࡜⮬ᕫศᯒࡋ⮬㌟ࡢᕼ
ᮃ࣭㐺ᛶ࣭⬟ຊࡸㅖ⎔ቃࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡲࡓ཯ⱄࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ̿̿࠶ࡿࡀ⌧ᐇⓗ࡟ࡣከࡃࡀ₍࡜ࡋࡓ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⭾ࡽࡲࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ
࡟ᡭࢆᕪࡋఙ࡭ࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ᮏᏛ⛉㸯㹼㸱ᖺ⏕ࡢᅾᏛ⏕ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᖺ㱋ࡢ㏆࠸༞ᴗ⏕࡜ࡢලయⓗ࡞ᑐヰࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞᝟ሗࡸ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࢆධᡭࡋࠊ⮬㌟ࡢᕼᮃࠊ⬟ຊࠊ㐺ᛶ➼࡜᧿ࡾྜࢃࡏᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣉࣛࣥࢆᥥࡁ᫆ࡃࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ≺ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ֆ

㛤ദᴫせ
ձ᪥

᫬

௧࿴㸱ᖺ᭶᪥㸦ᅵ㸧㹼

ղሙᡤᩍሙࠊ࿘ᖺグᛕ㤋㸱㝵ㅮᇽճཧຍ⪅ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉༞ᴗ⏕㸷ྡ࣭ᖹᡂᖺ㸱᭶༞ᴗ㸸㸱ྡ㸦㔠⼥࣭㔠⼥࣭㎰༠࣭ᖹᡂᖺ㸱᭶༞ᴗ㸸㸯ྡ㸦ᐟἩ࣭௧࿴㸰ᖺ㸱᭶༞ᴗ㸸㸲ྡ㸦᪑⾜࣭⯟✵࣭ၟ♫࣭ὶ㏻㸧
࣭௧࿴㸱ᖺ㸱᭶༞ᴗ㸸㸯ྡ㸦㕲㐨ևᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉ᅾᏛ⏕⣙ྡᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉ᩍဨ㸰ྡෆᐜ᠓ㄯ఍ࡣ஧㒊ᵓᡂ࡜ࡋࠊ➨୍㒊ࡣ๓༙⣙㸯᫬㛫ศࢆ኱ᩍሙ࡟࡚ྛ༞ᴗ⏕࠿ࡽࡢ⮬ᕫ࣭⮬♫⤂௓ࠊ௙஦ࡢෆᐜࠊᚋ㍮࡬ࡢ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫ➼ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥ࡜㉁␲ᛂ⟅࡟࠶࡚ࡿࠕ඲య᠓ㄯ఍ࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ఇ᠁ࢆᣳࡳㅮᇽ࡟ሙᡤࢆ
ኚ࠼ᚋ༙⣙㸯᫬㛫ศࢆ➨஧㒊࡜ࡋ༞ᴗ⏕ẖࡢ࢔࢖ࣛࣥࢻࢆタࡅࠊ㸱ᅇ㸦㸯ᅇ࠶ࡓࡾศ㛫㸧ࡢධࢀ᭰ࢃࡾ࡟ࡼࡿ༞ᴗ⏕࡜ᅾᏛ⏕࡟ࡼࡿ཮᪉ྥࡢࠕಶู᠓ㄯ
఍ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
➨୍㒊ࠕ඲య᠓ㄯ఍ࠖ

̿̿௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ⚾❧኱Ꮫ➼༶ᡓຊேᮦ⫱ᡂᨭ᥼஦ᴗ̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿ཧຍ༞ᴗ⏕ࡢⓙࡉࢇ㸦㸷ྡ㸧୍ே୍ே࠿ࡽ⮬ᕫ⤂௓࡟⥆ࡁࠊ఍♫ࡢᴫせࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ⫋ົࠊࡲࡓᙜ᫬ࡢᏛ⏕⏕άࡢࡇ࡜ࡸᑵ⫋άືࡢ⤒㦂࡞࡝ྛ㸶㹼ศ㛫⛬ᗘࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢆ⾜࡞࠸ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᅾᏛ⏕࡜ࡢ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࡢ᫬㛫ࢆタࡅࡓࠋ௒ᅇ༠ຊ㡬࠸ࡓ㸷ྡࡢ༞ᴗ⏕➨஧㒊ࠕಶู᠓ㄯ఍ࠖ
ྛ༞ᴗ⏕࡟ࡼࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᚋࠊఇ᠁ࢆᣳࢇ࡛ሙᡤࢆㅮᇽ࡟⛣ࡋ༞ᴗ⏕ẖ࡟࢔࢖ࣛࣥࢻࢆタࡅಶู᠓ㄯ఍ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸦᠓ㄯ᫬㛫㸯ᅇศ㛫ࢆ㸱ᅇᐇ᪋ ࠋᅾᏛ⏕ࡣ඲య᠓ㄯ఍࡛ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࡢෆᐜࡲࡓࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᚓ࡚࠸ࡓ᝟ሗ࠿
̿̿ࡽ⯆࿡ࢆࡶࡗࡓ␗࡞ࡿ௻ᴗ࣭ᴗ⏺ࢆ㸱♫㑅ࢇ࡛᠓ㄯ࡟⮫ࢇࡔࠋ௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡿ఍♫ㄝ᫂఍࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ༞ᴗ⏕࡟ࡼࡿ⏕ࡢኌࠊ⋡┤࡞࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࡸᮏ㡢ࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ
ฟ᮶ࡿ㈗㔜࡞ᶵ఍࡜࡞ࡾࠊ≉࡟ᑵ⫋άືࢆ㛫㏆࡟᥍࠼ࡿ㸱ᖺ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ኱ኚ
᭷ព⩏࡞ሙ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

̿̿௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ⚾❧኱Ꮫ➼༶ᡓຊேᮦ⫱ᡂᨭ᥼஦ᴗ̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿௒ᅇ࡛㸴ᅇ┠ࡢ㛤ദ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᠓ㄯ఍ࡶ༞ᴗ⏕ࡢ⌮ゎ࣭༠ຊ࡜ᅾᏛ⏕ࡢពḧ࡜ࡀ┦ࡲࡗ࡚ᡂຌ⿹࡟㛤ദࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋ
෌ᗘࡇࡢሙࢆ೉ࡾ࡚༞ᴗ⏕ࡢⓙࡉࢇ࡟ឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᤵᴗ࡛⾜࡞࠺࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᩍ⫱࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊࡇࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᠓ㄯ఍ࡸ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥ
ࢩࢵࣉࡢࡼ࠺࡟⮬ᕫࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࠿ࡘከ㠃ⓗ࡞య㦂ࡸ⤒㦂ࡢ⵳✚࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊど㔝ࢆᣑࡆࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞どᗙࢆࡶࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾᡂ㛗࡟ᥒࡧࡘࡃࡶࡢಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
┴ෆ௻ᴗ➼࡬ࡢゼၥ㸦⌧ሙ㸧◊ಟ㸦⥅⥆ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸧օලయⓗ࡞≺࠸

⛅⏣ᕷෆࡢࢩࢸ࢕࣮࣍ࢸࣝࡢ༠ຊࢆᚓ࡚⫙⌮⣽࠿࡞ୟࡘ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ᐟἩ◊ಟࢆᐇ᪋䛧䚸Ꮫ⏕䛜༞ᴗᚋ䛻ྥ䛡ほග⣔௻ᴗ䛾⫋䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⯆࿡䞉㛵ᚰ䜢☜ಖ䛧䚸䝁䝻䝘ᚋࢆぢᤣ࠼ほග⣔௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋⪅ࢆ୍ᐃᩘ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ≺࠸࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
࣍ࢸࣝࣅࢪࢿࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᮘୖ࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎࠊ⛅⏣ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿࢩࢸ࢕࣮
ࢸࣝࡀ㧗ရ㉁ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⥔ᣢ࣭ྥୖ࡟ດࡵ࡚࠸ࡿせㅉࢆࠊᐟἩ◊ಟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚య
㦂࣭యឤࡉࡏᏛ⏕ࡢࣔࣀࡢぢ᪉ࢆᣑࡆ῝᥀ࡾࡍࡿᡂ㛗ࡢᶵ఍࡜ࡶ఩⨨௜ࡅࡓࠋ
ֆ

㛤ദᴫせ
ձ᪥

᫬

௧࿴㸲ᖺ㸯᭶᪥㸦ᮌ㸧㹼㸯᭶᪥㸦㔠㸧୍Ἡ஧᪥ղሙᡤ⛅⏣࢟ࣕࢵࢫࣝ࣍ࢸࣝճཧຍ⪅ևᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕

㸳ྡ㸦㸰ᖺ⏕㸯ྡࠊ㸯ᖺ⏕㸲ྡ㸧ෆᐜ࣭ᗙᏛ㸦୍᪥┠㸧ྠ࣍ࢸࣝࡢ௻⏬࣭ᗈሗㄢࠊࣈࣛ࢖ࢲࣝㄢࠊᐗ఍ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫㄢࠊᐗ఍ࢭ࣮ࣝࢫㄢࠊ
⥲ົㄢࠊࣇࣟࣥࢺㄢࡢྛᨭ㓄ேࡼࡾᢸᙜᴗົࡢෆᐜࡸὶࢀࠊࡲࡓ㒊㛛㛫ࡢ㐃ᦠ̿̿ࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓࠋ࣭⌧ሙぢᏛ㸦୍᪥┠㸧ᗙᏛ࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓෆᐜࢆࠊ᭦࡟⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟⤖፧ᘧሙࠊᐗ఍ሙࠊᐈᐊ࡞
࡝ࡢ⌧ሙࢆぢᏛࡋࡓࠋ࣭ᐟἩయ㦂㸦୍᪥┠㸧ᆅඖࡢࢩࢸ࢕࣮࣍ࢸࣝ࡟ᐟἩ⤒㦂ࡢ࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡀ୍ᐟἩ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ᙜヱ࣍ࢸࣝࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊ࣍ࢫࣆࢱࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࢆయឤ࣭య㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ♫ဨࡢ௙஦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
⇕ពࡸດຊ➼ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ௙஦ࡢព⩏ࢆ῝ࡃ⪃࠼ࡿⰋ࠸ᶵ఍࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊኤ㣗ᚋ࡟ࡣᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉ࡢ༞ᴗ⏕࡛࠶ࡿ♫ဨࡢ᪉࡜᠓ㄯࡢᶵ఍࡟ᜨࡲ
ࢀࡓࠋ࣭Ⓨ⾲఍㸦஧᪥┠㸧ᐟἩ◊ಟࡢ⥲ᣓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ◊ಟ࡛Ꮫࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࠊẼ௜ࡁࢆᚓࡓࡇ࡜ࠊど㔝ࡀᣑࡀࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠊᑗ᮶ࡢ᪉ྥ➼࡟ᛮ࠸ࢆᕠࡽࡏࡓࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸୍࡚ே㸵㹼㸶ศ⛬ᗘࡢ̿̿௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ⚾❧኱Ꮫ➼༶ᡓຊேᮦ⫱ᡂᨭ᥼஦ᴗ̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿Ⓨ⾲఍ࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋ๪⥲ᨭ㓄ே࠿ࡽㅮホࢆᚓࡿ࡞࡝ࡲࡓពぢ஺᥮ࡢᶵ఍ࢆタࡅࡓࠋ⥭ᙇࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡢⓎ⾲࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᇽࠎ࡜⾜࡞࠺カ⦎ࡢሙ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

Ꮫ⏕ࡢ◊ಟཧຍ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸦୍㒊ᢤ⢋㸧࣭࣍ࢸ࡛ࣝാࡃࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢேࡀ௙஦࡟㈐௵࡜㄂ࡾࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ୍ே୍ே
ࡢ⾜ືࡀ࣍ࢸࣝࡢホ౯࡟⧅ࡀࡿࡑࡢ┳ᯈࢆ⫼㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࣉࣛ࢖ࢻࡀⓙࡉࢇࢆ࢟ࣛ࢟ࣛ࡜㍤࠿ࡏ࡚࠸࡚⣧⢋࡟᱁ዲ࠸࠸࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋ୍ࡘࡢࡇ࡜࡟⦡
ࡽࢀࡎᣮᡓࡍࡿᚰࠊᖖ࡟ே๓࡟࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព㆑ࡋࡓ㌟ࡔࡋ࡞ࡳࡸ࣐ࢼ࣮ࠊᗈ࠸ど㔝࡛࿘ࡾࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽᖖ࡟⪃࠼࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ⮬ศࡢ⌮᝿࡜ࡍࡿே≀ീ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟௒ᅇẼ௜࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᶵ఍ࢆ↓㥏࡟ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ
࠺࡟ṧࡾࡢᏛ⏕⏕άࢆ㡹ᙇࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
࣭௒ᅇ࣍ࢸࣝྛ㒊㛛ࡢヰࢆ⪺࠸ࡓ୰࡛඲ဨࡀゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠗ௙஦ࢆᴦ
ࡋࡴ࠘࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡀ௙஦ࢆᴦࡋࢇ࡛ࡸࡽ࡞࠸࡜⥆ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡋࠊᴦࡋࢇ࡛ࡸࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡸࡾࡀ࠸ࡶឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࡗ
ࡓࠋ࣍ࢸࣝ◊ಟ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡞࠸࡜ゎࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ▱ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛
ཧຍฟ᮶࡚ᮏᙜ࡟Ⰻ࠿ࡗࡓࡋຮᙉ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ

̿̿



ほග⣔௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡿᏛෆㅮ₇఍㸦⥅⥆ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸧օලయⓗ࡞≺࠸

᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣ᪥ᮏ∧㹂㹋㹍࡞࡝ᆅ᪉࡬ࡢㄏᐈࠊ≉Ⰽ࠶ࡿᆅᇦ⏘ရࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊ᪑⾜ᾘ㈝ᣑ኱➼ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ᆅᇦࡢከᵝ࡞㛵ಀ⪅ࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࢇࡔᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ⾜࡞࠺ἲேࡢタ❧ࢆ᥎ዡࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽἲேࡣẸ㛫ࡢᡭἲࢆྲྀࡾධࢀᆅᇦࡢ͆✌ࡄຊ͇ࢆቑᙉࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾᆅᇦࡢάᛶ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜ㝿ほගࢆᏛࡪᮏᏛ
⛉⏕ࡀᑗ᮶ࠊᆅᇦάᛶ໬ࡢ୍⩼ࢆᢸ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵᖹᡂᖺ࡟஦ᴗ⤫ྜࡋᰴᘧ఍♫࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀኚࢃࡗࡓ

࠶ࡁࡓ⨾㒓࡙ࡃࡾओࡢᖿ㒊ࢆᣍ࠸࡚఍

♫ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡸᐇ㊶ࡢෆᐜ➼ࢆ⤂௓㡬ࡁࠊᏛ⏕ࡀᆅᇦ෌⏕ࡢ኱ษࡉࢆᏛࡪᶵ఍࡜
ࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟┴ෆᑵ⫋࡬ࡢືᶵ௜ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨௜ࡅ㛤ദࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ᖹᡂᖺ㸲᭶ࠊ⨾㒓⏫ほග༠఍ࡀ⨾㒓Ἠ᣺⯆ओࠊභ㒓ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾओࠊ

ओ㐨ࡢ㥐㞜ࡢ㔛ࡏࢇ࡞ࢇ࡜஦ᴗ⤫ྜࡋࡓ᪂఍♫ࠋ௧࿴㸱ᖺ㸶᭶࡟ࡣᮏᏛ
⛉⏕ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࢆึࡵ࡚ཷࡅධࢀḟ௦ࢆᢸ࠺ⱝ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿၨⵚ
άືࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ֆ

և

㛤ദᴫせ
ձ᪥᫬

௧࿴㸲ᖺ㸯᭶᪥㸦᭶㸧㹼

ղሙᡤ࿘ᖺグᛕ㤋㸱㝵ㅮᇽճㅮᖌ࠶ࡁࡓ⨾㒓࡙ࡃࡾᰴᘧ఍♫մཧຍᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕㸯㹼㸲ᖺ⏕ྲྀ⥾ᙺほග௻⏬㒊㛗

ᒣୗ㐩ྐẶ

⣙ྡ

ෆᐜ

࠶ࡁࡓ⨾㒓࡙ࡃࡾओࡣᖹᡂᖺ࡟㹈㸿㹊࡜ᆅᇦ㐃ᦠ༠ᐃࢆ⥾⤖ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾᒣୗ
Ặࡣ㹈㸿㹊࠿ࡽྠ♫࡬ࡢฟྥ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡁࡓ⨾㒓࡙ࡃࡾࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ㏻㐣ᆺ࠿ࡽ⁫ᅾᆺࡢほග⏘ᴗࢆ┠ᣦࡋ⨾㒓⏫ࡢ⏘ᴗ᣺⯆࡬㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊㅮ₇ࡢ๓༙ࡣ㐃ᦠ༠ᐃ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃලయⓗ࡞άືෆᐜࡢ⤂௓࡜⨾㒓⏫ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ☻ࡁୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋᚋ༙࡟ࡣཧຍᏛ⏕ࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
ศࡅࡋࠊ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࢸ࣮࣐࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛㆟ㄽࡋࡑࡢ࢔࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉᙧᘧࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦ࢸ࣮࣐㸧ࠕࢥࣟࢼ⚝ࡢᙳ㡪࡛ほග㟂せࡀపୗࡍࡿ࡞࠿ࠊ⛅⏣┴ࡢ஺ὶேཱྀࡢᣑ኱࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊほග༠఍ࡸ஦ᴗ⪅ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࡭ࡁ࠿ࠖ
̿̿௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ⚾❧኱Ꮫ➼༶ᡓຊேᮦ⫱ᡂᨭ᥼஦ᴗ̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿ձᑐ㇟ࡢᆅᇦ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣほගࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ

ղ

⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟

ճ

᭷ຠ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿゎỴ⟇Ꮫ⏕ࡢཧຍ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸦୍㒊ᢤ⢋㸧࣭ᒣୗࡉࢇࡀ⤂௓ࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓほගࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡀ࡜࡚ࡶἑᒣ࠶ࡾ⛅⏣ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ⮬ศࡣࡲࡔⓎぢ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⛅⏣࡛⏕ࡲࢀ⫱ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣ⛅⏣ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ┴እࡢே࡟ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࣭⨾㒓⏫ࡢ㣗ᮦࢆά⏝ࡋ㹈㸿㹊ᅜ㝿⥺ᶵෆ㣗ࢩ࢙ࣇࡀ┘ಟࡋࡓ࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࢆ
ᥦ౪ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡗࡓࠋᶵෆ㣗ࡣᬑẁ㣗࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸
≉ู࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠺࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㣗ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㠀᪥ᖖᛶࢆឤࡌࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࠊ㈗㔜࡞య㦂࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
࣭௒ᅇࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࡛Ẽ௜࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⛅⏣ࡢ୰࡛ࡣᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢࡇ࡜࡛
ࡶ௚ࡢᆅᇦ࡟ఫࡴேࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㣗࡭
̿̿

≀ࠊ

Ἠࠊ⚍ࡾ࡞࡝⛅⏣࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢࡶࡢࡣ⛅⏣ࡢほග࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙉࡳ࡜࡞

ࡿࡓࡵ⛅⏣ࡢほග㈨※ࢆᨵࡵ࡚☜ㄆࡋࠊ࡝ࢀ࡯࡝㈗㔜࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ෌Ⓨぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋ
࣭ྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢⓎ⾲ࢆ⫈࠸࡚≉࡟⚍ࡾࢆศᩓࡋ࡚㛤ദࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ពぢ࡟⯆࿡ࢆࡶࡗࡓࠋ
࣭ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟ᒣୗࡉࢇࡀᨾ㒓࡟⮬㌟ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡢ኱ษࡉࢆヰࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⚾⮬㌟ࡶࡑࢀࢆᛀࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟௒ᚋࡶᆅᇦ᣺⯆࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠋֈᡤឤᏛ⏕ࡣ⨾㒓⏫ࡀ㹈㸿㹊ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ௻ᴗ࡜㐃ᦠ༠ᐃࢆ⥾⤖ࡋࠊ௻ᴗࡢ
㐠Ⴀࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆࡶά࠿ࡋࡘࡘᆅᇦࡢάᛶ໬࡟ດຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ᐇ㛵ಀ࡟ඛࡎ㦫࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ༳㇟ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟┴እฟ㌟⪅࡛࠶ࡿᒣୗẶࡀྠ♫࡟ฟྥࡋ࡚ࡲࡔ㸱ᖺ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶᣊࡽࡎ⨾㒓⏫ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ┴඲యࡢほග㈨※ࠊほග஦᝟࡟⢭㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊほගࢆᏛࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᏛ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡶࡶࡗ࡜
㡹ᙇࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡜ࡢព㆑௜ࡅࡲࡓࡣྏဂ⃭ບࢆᚓࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ☜࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ㅮ₇఍࡜࠸࠺࡜࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ୍᪉㏻⾜࡟࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑ࠺࡞ࡽ
࡞࠸ࡼ࠺཮᪉ྥࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆồࡵࡓᙜ᪉ࡢ౫㢗ࢆぢ஦࡟‶ࡓࡋ࡚㡬ࡁᏛ⏕ࡀᴦࡋࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ⪺ࡁࠊ㆟ㄽࡋࠊⓎ⾲ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᨵࡵ࡚ᒣୗẶ࡟ឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ


Ⓨಙຊࢆ㘫࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦᪂つࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸧օၥ㢟ព㆑࡜ࢸ࣮࣐

⌧≧Ⓨಙຊࡀ┙▼࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸⛅⏣࡟࠾࠸࡚௒ᚋ㧗㱋໬࣭ேཱྀῶᑡࡀ
ࡉࡽ࡟㐍ࡴ୰ࠊ⛅⏣ࡢ㨩ຊࢆⓎಙࡋ⥆ࡅ⛅⏣ࢆάᛶ໬ࡉࡏⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿᢸ࠸ᡭࡢ
୰ᚰࡣ⛅⏣ࡢⱝ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⛅⏣ࡣ⮬↛ࠊ㣗ᩥ໬ࡣࡌࡵࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㨩ຊࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶᣊࡽࡎࠊⓎಙࡢᢸ࠸ᡭࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤṇ࡟ᐆࡢᣢࡕ⭉ࢀ࡟㝗ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ༴᝹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢၥ㢟ព㆑࡟╔┠ࡋࠊᏛ⏕ࡀእᅜேࡢ౯್ほࡸႴዲࢆࡶព㆑ࡋࡓୖ࡛㨩ຊⓗࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞Ⓨಙຊࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿ኱ษࡉࢆ⌮ゎࠊ⣡ᚓࡋࡑࡢᡭἲࡸࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨಙࡢᢸ࠸ᡭ࡟ᑵࡃືᶵ௜ࡅ
࡜┴ෆᑵ⫋࡟ᥒࡧࡘࡅࡿ஦ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
̿̿௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ⚾❧኱Ꮫ➼༶ᡓຊேᮦ⫱ᡂᨭ᥼஦ᴗ̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿

ֆ

ᐇ᪋ᴫせ

୍⯡♫ᅋἲே⛅⏣≟ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࠊ㜿ோྜࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࠊୖᑠ㜿ோᮧᙺሙࡢ⤯኱࡞༠ຊࢆᚓ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕㸴ྡ㸦㸱ᖺ⏕㸰ྡࠊ㸰ᖺ⏕㸯ྡࠊ㸯ᖺ⏕㸱ྡ㸧ࡀ㸶㸭㸰 ᭶㹼㸶㸭㸲 Ỉ ࡢ஧Ἡ୕᪥࡛ୖᑠ㜿ோᮧࢆゼࢀࡓࠋ㹌㹎㹍ࡇ࠶࡟㣗㎰ほᛂ᥼㝲ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆྲྀᮦࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟⌧ᆅᅾఫࡢእᅜே㸰ྡ㸦࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㸧ࢆ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡋ⛅⏣ࡢ㨩ຊࠊୖᑠ㜿ோᮧࡢᐆ≀ࡣఱ࠿ࢆⱥㄒ࡛⪺ࡁฟࡋྠ᫬
࡟⏬ീ࣭ᫎീ࡟ࡶ཰ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋእᅜேࡢどᗙࠊ౯್ほ➼ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㆟ㄽࡸసᴗࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ㨩ຊⓗࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞Ⓨಙෆᐜࢆ⧳ࡵࡓୖ࡛⛅⏣≟ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ୺ദࡍࡿ㸷᭶ࡢ෗┿ᒎ㸦ྡ⛠㸸ୖᑠ㜿ோᮧᛮ࠸ฟࡢ෗┿ᒎሙᡤ㸸㐨ࡢ㥐

࠿ࡳࡇ࠶࡟㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚እᅜே࠿ࡽぢࡓ⛅⏣࣭ୖᑠ㜿ோᮧࡢ㨩ຊࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࢥ࣮
ࢼ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ᒎ♧ࠊⓎಙࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ୍♫ ⛅⏣≟ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒㸸⛅⏣┴➨㸯ྕࡢᆅᇦ㐃ᦠ㹂㹋㹍㸦ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾἲே㸧㜿ோྜࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ㸸໭⛅⏣ᕷ㜿ோྜ࡟࠶ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡛୺࡟ᆅᇦάᛶ໬ࡢ
ࡓࡵࡢ௻⏬࣭࢖࣋ࣥࢺࢆᐇ᪋
㹌㹎㹍ࡇ࠶࡟㣗㎰ほᛂ᥼㝲㸸ୖᑠ㜿ோᮧ࡟࠾࠸࡚㣗ࠊ㎰ᴗࠊほගࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᆅᇦ࠾ࡇࡋ
ࡸࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦ᴗࢆ⾜࡞࠺㹌㹎㹍࣭඲యࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ
᪥⛬
㸶㸭㸰 ᭶

⾜
㸷㸸
㸸
㸸

㸶㸭㸱 ⅆ

㸶㸭㸲 Ỉ

㸷㸸
㸸

⛬

⛅⏣㥐ᮾཱྀ ฟⓎ⏨㮵┿ᒣఏᢎ㤋࡞ࡲࡣࡆ㤋ኳ↛⛅⏣ᮡࠕࡇࡪᮡࠖ
㹌㹎㹍ࡇ࠶࡟㣗㎰ほᛂ᥼㝲ྲྀᮦᐟἩ᪑㤋╔࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮

㸸
㸸

ᅾఫእᅜே㹍Ặࠊ㹋Ặྲྀᮦྲྀᮦෆᐜࡢᩚ⌮࣭㆟ㄽᡂᯝࡢࡲ࡜ࡵձ
ᐟἩ᪑㤋ᡠࡾ
ᡂᯝࡢࡲ࡜ࡵղ

㸷㸸
㸸
㸸
㸸
㸸

ᒎ♧ෆᐜ≀సᡂ
㜿ோྜࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ╔⛅⏣ෆ㝣⦪㈏㕲㐨㸦㜿ோྜⓎ㸧⛅⏣ෆ㝣⦪㈏㕲㐨㸦ゅ㤋╔㸧⛅⏣㥐ᮾཱྀ ゎᩓ̿̿㸶㸭㸰㸦୍᪥┠㸧㸶㸭㸱㸦஧᪥┠㸧̿̿௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ⚾❧኱Ꮫ➼༶ᡓຊேᮦ⫱ᡂᨭ᥼஦ᴗ̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿̿̿Ꮫ⏕ࡢཧຍ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸦୍㒊ᢤ⢋㸧࣭௒ᅇࡢάື࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛⮬ᕫศᯒࢆࡍࡿᶵ఍࡟ᜨࡲࢀࡓࠋᨵࡵ࡚⮬ศࡀ⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ౯್ほࠊ⪃࠼᪉࡞࡝ࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
௚࡟ࡶᡂ㛗ࢆឤࡌࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡿࡀࡑࢀࡽㅖࠎࡦࡗࡃࡿࡵ࡚ࠊ
⮬ศࢆ᥈ࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ୍␒ࡢᡂ㛗ࡔ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦㸯ᖺ⏕㸧࣭ᒎ♧ရࢆసࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ᭱ึࡣඛ㍮᪉࡟㢗ࡾࡍࡂ࡚࠸ࡓ㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡲࡾពぢࢆฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊඛ⏕᪉࠿ࡽ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ
㡬࠸ࡓࡾ㸯ᖺ⏕ࡢ୰࡛ヰࡋྜࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᚎࠎ࡟ពぢࢆゝ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ୺యⓗ࡟ືࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢࡀ௒ᅇࡢ㸯␒ࡢᡂ㛗ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺㸦㸯ᖺ⏕㸧࣭⚾ࡀ௒ᅇࡢཧຍࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᡂ㛗ࡋࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ༠ㄪᛶ࡛ࡍࠋ௒ᅇࠊ㸰ᖺ⏕ࡣ⚾㸯ேࡢཧຍ࡛ࡣࡌࡵࡣ୙Ᏻ࡞Ẽᣢࡕࡀ࠶ࡾෆྥⓗ࡞㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡳࢇ࡞࡛ࣃࢿࣝసᡂࡢసᴗ࡟ධࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠕࡳࢇ࡞࡛㸯ࡘࡢࡶࡢࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࡿࡢࡗ࡚ࡍࡈ࠸㐩ᡂឤ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺㸟ࠖ࡜ᛮ࠸ࠊඛ㍮᪉ࡸ
ᚋ㍮ࡓࡕ࡜ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟࡜ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕ࡟࡞ࡗ
ࡓࠋ㸦㸰ᖺ⏕㸧࣭௒ᅇึࡵ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮࣡ࢡᙧᘧ࡛㸯ࡘࡢࣔࣀࢆసࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ
᭱ึࡣ㸯ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ㸱ᖺ⏕࡛Ꮫᖺࡀ␗࡞ࡾ㸯ᖺ⏕ࡀ㸱ᖺ⏕࡟Ẽࢆ㐵࠺ሙ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ヰࡋࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃࢆసࡾጞࡵ
ࡓࡽࠊ㸰᪥┠࠿ࡽ㸯ᖺ⏕ࡀ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇពぢࢆゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡀ㐍ࡳసရ᏶ᡂࡲ࡛᪩࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ㸯ࡘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚㸯ࡘࡢ┠ᶆ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚≀஦ࢆࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡣࡶࡢࡍࡈࡃࡇࡢඛࡢே⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚኱஦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ᛮࡗࡓࡢ࡛࡜࡚ࡶ࠸࠸⤒㦂࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢඛࡢᑵ⫋άື࡟ᚲࡎ⏕ࡁ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡇࡢ㸱᪥㛫࡛ᡂ㛗࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺
ࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋ࡟⧅ࡆ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ㸦㸱ᖺ⏕㸧┴ෆ㐲㝸ᆅࡢ௻ᴗ➼࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ㸦᪂つࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸧
օ

⫼ᬒ࡜┠ⓗ

ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉࡛ࡣᐇ⩦ᤵᴗ⛉┠࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᾏእほග࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࠖ࡞ࡽࡧ
࡟ࠕᅜෆほග࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࠖࢆ㓄⨨ࡋ༢఩ㄆᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᒚಟࢆ
̿̿௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ⚾❧኱Ꮫ➼༶ᡓຊேᮦ⫱ᡂᨭ᥼஦ᴗ̿ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉⏕ࡢ⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵ⫋ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖ᪋⟇̿

㏻ࡋࡓᑵປయ㦂ࠊ♫఍⤒㦂ࡣᏛ⏕ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣉࣛࣥᙧᡂ➼࡟኱ࡁࡃ㈨ࡍࡿ࡜ᤊ
࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉࡟ᒓࡍࡿ㸰ᖺ⏕࣭㸱ᖺ⏕ࡣ඲ဨᒚಟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᇶᮏࡢ
㐠⏝࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ୰ࠊࢥࣟࢼ⚝࡟ࡼࡾ௧࿴㸰ᖺᗘ௨㝆ࡣ⎔ቃࡀ୍ኚࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊᾏእ࡬ࡢ
Ώ⯟ࡣ࠾ࢁ࠿┴እ࡛ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡶᐇ᪋ࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡞≧ែ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ
ࡓࠋᐇ㉁⛅⏣┴ෆ௻ᴗ࣭ᶵ㛵࡛ࡢᐇ᪋࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࡑࢀࡲ࡛ཷࡅ
ධࢀࡢ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⛅⏣ᕷෆ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᚎࠎ࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡢᯟࡀ⊃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊᡴ㛤⟇࡜ࡋ࡚┴ෆࡢ㐲㝸ᆅ௻ᴗ࣭ᶵ㛵࡛ࡼࡾᗈ⠊࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍ࡭ࡃ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄪᩚࢆ㔜ࡡࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ┴ෆ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ཧຍ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ┦ᛂࡢ஺㏻㈝ࠊᐟἩ㈝ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡾᏛ⏕ࡀᏳᚰࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ㐲㝸ᆅ࡟㉱ࡁ᫆ࡃࡍࡿࡼ࠺௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘ࡟ึࡵ࡚⛅⏣┴࡟஺㏻㈝࣭ᐟἩ㈝ࡢ⿵ຓ⏦ㄳࢆ⾜࡞࠸ᢎㄆ㡬࠸ࡓึࡵ࡚ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࠋ┴ࡢࡈ⌮ゎ࡜ࡈ༠ຊ࡟ࡣ⾺ᚰࡼࡾឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
ֆ

ᐇ⦼
ᡤᅾᆅ

௻ᴗྡ

ཧຍᏛ⏕ᩘ

኱㤋ᕷ

⛅⏣≟ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒

㸰ྡᑠᆏ⏫

㻭㻷㻵㼀㻭 㻵㻺㻭㻷㻭 㻿㻯㻴㻻㻻㻸

㸰ྡ

⨾㒓⏫

࠶ࡁࡓ⨾㒓࡙ࡃࡾ

㸴ྡ

㮵ゅᕷ

࣍ࢸࣝ㮵ゅ

㸯ྡ

㸨㞝࿴

㸨᪥ᮏ⯟✵⛅⏣✵

㸨⛅⏣ᕷ࡟࠶ࡿࡀ✵ᡤ㸵ྡ࣒ࣜࢪࣥࣂࢫ௨እ࡟බඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞

࠸ࡓࡵ⿵ຓᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ

௨ୖࡴࡍࡧ࡟࠿࠼࡚
⥅⥆ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸱௳࡟ຍ࠼௒ᖺᗘࡼࡾ᪂つࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸰௳ࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋࠊ⤖ᯝィ㸳௳ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࢥࣟࢼ⚝࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶఱ࡜࠿ᕤኵࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ෇⁥ࠊᡂຌ⿹࡟㛤ദࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ⋡┤࡟៞ࡧࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡦ࡜࠼࡟
⛅⏣┴ࢆࡣࡌࡵ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚㡬࠸ࡓ௻ᴗࠊ㛵㐃ᶵ㛵ࡢࡈ⌮ゎ࡜ࡈ༠ຊࡢ㈷≀࡛࠶ࡾ̿̿ࡇࡢ⣬㠃ࢆ೉ࡾ࡚῝ࡃឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
Ꮫෆ࡛ࡢᤵᴗ࡟ຍ࠼ࡈሗ࿌ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓෆᐜࡢ࡜࠾ࡾษࡾཱྀࡢ␗࡞ࡿከ㠃ⓗ࡞ཧຍᆺ࣭⤒㦂ᆺࡢ஦ᴗࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚▱㆑࡜ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⩦ᚓࡔࡅ࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎ኱ே࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡢᡂ㛗ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊྥୖ࡞࡝ே㛫ຊࡢ᭦࡞ࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ࢔ࢵࣉ࡟኱࠸࡟㈨ࡍࡿᶵ఍࡟࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜☜ಙࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ᚋ
ࡶ᭦࡟ᕤኵࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ͆ே㈈͇ࢆษࡾཱྀ࡟⛅⏣┴࡟㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾
ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

̿̿

ᆅᇦ෌⏕ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦౛◊✲̿ඵᓠ⏫࣭࡟࠿࡯ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ ̿ࠝάືሗ࿌ࠞ

౷֖ठ୆ა̤̫ͥͅম႕ࡄ‫ݪ‬̿ඵᓠ⏫࣭࡟࠿࡯ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ̿
஭

ୖ

ᐶ

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
୍⯡࡟ࠊᆅᇦ෌⏕࡜ࡣࠕᆅᇦࡀ୺య࡟࡞ࡗ࡚⾜࠺⮬୺ⓗ࠿ࡘ⮬❧ⓗ࡞ྲྀ⤌࡟ࡼࡾࠊᆅᇦ⤒῭ࡢάᛶ໬ࠊᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㞠⏝ᶵ఍ࡢ๰ฟࡑࡢ௚ࡢᆅᇦࡢάຊࡢ
෌⏕ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⛅⏣࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᆅᇦࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞
ேࡧ࡜ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᆅᇦ෌⏕࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋἲᏛ㒊ᅜ㝿ほගᏛ⛉࡛ࡣ㸰ᖺḟ௨ୖࡢᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᑓ㛛⛉┠࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᆅᇦ෌⏕ㄽࠖࢆ㛤ㅮࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏㅮ⩏࡛ࡣࠊࠕᑡᏊ㧗㱋໬࡜ᆅᇦ෌⏕ࠖࠊࠕࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡜ᆅᇦ෌⏕ࠖࠊࠕᆅᇦࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢⓎಙ࡜ᆅᇦ෌⏕ࠖࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ⾜ᨻࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᆅᇦ෌⏕࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ᪉ࠎࢆᣍࡁㅮ⩏ࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓᮏㅮ⩏ࡢ≉㛗࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᩍᐊ
ෆ࡛ࡢㅮ⩏࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎࠊ஦౛◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡼࡾᐇ㊶ⓗ࡟Ꮫಟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
௧࿴㸱ᖺᗘࡢᆅᇦ෌⏕ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊィ㸱ᅇࠊᏛእ࡛ࡢ஦౛◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ㸯ᅇ┠ࡣࠊᖺ᭶᪥ ᅵ࡟⛅⏣┴ᒣᮏ㒆ඵᓠ⏫ࠊ㸰ᅇ┠ࡣ᭶᪥ ᪥ࡢ࡟࠿࡯ᕷࠊ㸱ᅇ┠ࡣ᭶㸴᪥ ᅵ ࡟௝໭ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྛ⮬἞యࡢ༠ຊࡢࡶ࡜஦౛
◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ௒ᖺᗘ᪂つ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓඵᓠ⏫࡜ࠊᏛಟࢸ࣮࣐ࢆኚ᭦ࡋࡓ࡟࠿࡯ᕷ࡛ࡢ஦౛◊✲ࡢグ㘓ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ஦౛◊✲㸯ඵᓠ⏫ࠕ࠶ࡁࡓⓑ⚄ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅᇦ㐃ᦠ࡜ୡ⏺⮬↛㑇⏘ࠖඵᓠ⏫ࡣࠊ⛅⏣┴໭す㒊࡟఩⨨ࡋࠊᮾࡣ┴ෆ၏୍ୡ⏺⮬↛㑇⏘ࠕⓑ⚄ᒣᆅࠖ
ࡢⓏ㘓ᆅࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⸨㔛⏫ࠊ༡ࡣ⬟௦ᕷࠊすࡣ᪥ᮏᾏࠊ໭ࡣ㟷᳃┴࡟㞄᥋ࡋ࡚࠸࠾ࡾࠊᮾすࡀ⣙੊ࠊ༡໭ࡀ⣙੊࠶ࡾࠊ㠃✚੎ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸶๭㏆ࡃࡀ᳃ᯘ࡛༨ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏫ࡢᗈ኱࡞᳃ᯘࡣⓑ⚄ᒣᆅࡢ୍㒊࡛ࠊࠕ⛅⏣ⓑ⚄┴❧⮬↛
̿̿බᅬࠖ࡟ᣦᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢚ࣜ࢔ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㉳అ࡟ᐩࢇࡔඵ᳃ᆅ༊ࡢᾏᓊࡶ
ࠕඵ᳃ᒾ㤋┴❧⮬↛බᅬࠖ࡟ᣦᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸰ࡘࡢ┴❧⮬↛බᅬࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⮬↛㇏࠿࡞࡜ࡇࢁࡀඵᓠ⏫ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࠊඵᓠ⏫ࡢ䡓䡁䠾ࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛ࡣ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸯 ࠋ஦౛◊✲㸯࡛ࡣࠊඵᓠ⏫⏘ᴗ᣺⯆ㄢࡢᒣᮏᮃㄢ㛗ࠊ㕥ᮌៅኴ㑻ㄢ㛗⿵బࠊబ⸨◊ᡂ୺௵࡜ඵᓠ⏫ほග༠఍ᯈ㇂኱ᶞ஦ົᒁ㛗࡟ࡈ༠ຊ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᖺ᭶
᪥࡟ࠊࠕ࠶ࡁࡓⓑ⚄ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅᇦ㐃ᦠ࡜ୡ⏺⮬↛㑇⏘ࠖ࡜㢟ࡍࡿㅮ⩏࡜஦౛◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
ᙜ᪥ࡣࠊ㟝㞵࡛ኳೃࡀᚰ㓄࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣂࢫ࡛ᅜ㐨㸵ྕ⥺࣭ྕ⥺ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋඵᓠ⏫࡬ྥ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚࣏࣏ࣥࢥᒣබᅬࣃ࣮ࢡࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦ඵᓠ⏫ᓠ὾἟⏣Ꮠ࣍ࣥࢥ㇂ᆅ㸧࡟฿╔ࡋࡓ࠶࡜ࠊࠕඵᓠ⏫ⓑ⚄࢞࢖ࢻࡢ఍ࠖ
఍㛗࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿᯈ㇂஦ົᒁ㛗ࡼࡾࠊᆅᇦ㐃ᦠ㹂㹋㹍ࠕ⛅⏣ⓑ⚄ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࠖࡢᴫ
せ࡜ࠕⓑ⚄ࡢᜨࡳࠖࢆࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ࡟ࡋࡓᆅᇦ㐃ᦠ࡜ほග᣺⯆࡟ࡘ࠸࡚஦ົᒁ㛗ࡢ᪑⾜ᴗࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ஺࠼࡚ࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃࡈㄝ᫂࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ㸰 䠄෗┿㸯 ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ
෌ࡧࣂࢫ࡟஌㌴ࡋ␃ᒣ࡬࡜ྥ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
␃ᒣ࡜ࡣࠊᶞᮌࡢఆ᥇ࢆ࡜ࡵࡓᒣ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࠊ⸬ᨻ᫬௦࠿ࡽᆅᇦࡢே
ࡧ࡜ࡀᏲࡾ⥅࠸࡛ࡁࡓ㔛ᒣࡢྡ⛠࡛࠶ࡿࠋඵ᳃ᆅ༊ࡢ␃ᒣࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᾏࡢᾏᓊ࠿
ࡽ┤⥺㊥㞳࡛⣙㸱࢟ࣟࠊ⸆ᖌᒣࡢᮾഃ࡟఩⨨ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊỈࡢ┠ᯘ㐨ἢ࠸࡟࠶ࡿࠋ
᥎ᐃᶞ㱋ᖺ࠿ࡽᖺ௨ୖ࡜ࡶ࠸ࢃࢀࡿࣈࢼࡸ࣑ࢬࢼࣛࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᗈⴥᶞ
ࡢኳ↛ᯘࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᒣ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋᆅᇦ෌⏕ㄽࡢ஦౛◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ≺࠸ࡣࠊࠕᆅᇦࡢேࡀᏲࡾ⥅࠸࡛ࡁࡓ᳃࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᏛ⏕࡟యឤࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ
␃ᒣ࡟ධᒣࡢ㝿ࡣⲨᗫࢆ㜵ࡄ࡞࡝ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ඵᓠ⏫ⓑ⚄࢞࢖ࢻࡢྠకࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ẖᖺ㸶᭶࡟㛤ദࡉࢀࡿࠕࡳࡇࡋࡢ⁪ᾎࡧ࡛ࠖ▱ࡽࢀࡿࠊⓑℛ⚄♫ࢆᕥᡭ࡟ぢ࡞ࡀࡽࣂࢫࡣ㐍ࡴࠋ㏵୰࠿ࡽࡣ⯒⿦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ỉࡢ┠ᯘ㐨ࢆ㐍ࡳࠊᩓ⟇㊰ࡢධཱྀ࡛ࣂࢫࢆ㝆ࡾࡿ㸦෗┿㸰㸧ࠋᩓ⟇㊰ࡣࠊ୍࿘⣙࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡢᮌ㐨ࡸ࢘ࢵࢻࢳࢵࣉ࡛ᩚഛࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᏛ⏕ࡣ஬ឤࢆ౑࠸ࠊ⮬↛࡟ゐࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࡺࡗࡃࡾ࡜
ศ࡯࡝␃ᒣࡢᩓ⟇ࢆయ㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ෌ࡧ࣏࣏ࣥࢥᒣ࡬࡜ᡠࡾ⤊஢࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࣂࢫ㌴ෆ࡛ࡣ࢞࢖ࢻࡢᴗົࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ࣐࣮ࢣࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᡓ

̿̿ᆅᇦ෌⏕ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦౛◊✲̿ඵᓠ⏫࣭࡟࠿࡯ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ ̿

␎ࡸ᝟ሗⓎಙ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙ
ࣥࡀ኱࠸࡟㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓᐇࡾ࠶ࡿ஦౛◊✲࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࢣ࣮ࢫ㸰࡟࠿࡯ᕷࠕ㫽ᾏᒣ࡜᪥ᮏᾏࡀ⏕ࢇࡔወ㊧ࡢᬒほࠖ⛅⏣┴࡟࠿࡯ᕷࡣࠊ⛅⏣┴༡す㒊࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿேཱྀ㸰୓ே࡯࡝ࡢࡲࡕ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ࡟࠿࡯ᕷほග༠఍ࡢ䠳䠡䠞ࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕ᪥ᮏᾏ࡜㫽ᾏᒣ࡟ᢪ࠿ࢀࡓࡲࡕࠖ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᾏࡢᾏᓊ⥺࠿ࡽ㫽ᾏᒣࡢᒣ㡬ࡲ࡛ࡢ┤⥺㊥㞳ࡣ⣙੊࡜㏆ࡃࠊୡ
⏺ⓗ࡟ࡶ⌋ࡋ࠸ᆅ⌮ⓗ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸱 ࠋ๓ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ୰ᓥ
ྎࣞࢡ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࡢ᳃࣭⊺Ꮚࣨ㰯‵ཎࠖ࡜ࠕඖ⁪అὶỈࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚࢚ࢥࢶ࣮
ࣜࢬ࣒࡞࠸ࡋࢪ࢜ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ஦౛◊✲ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᮏᖺᗘ
ࡣࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ㨩ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ㇟₲ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓṔྐ࣭ᩥ໬ほග㈨※࡟୺║ࢆ࠾࠸ࡓ஦౛◊✲ࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓ㸲 ࠋᖺ᭶᪥ ᮌ ࡟ࡣࠊᮏᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡟࠿࡯ᕷၟᕤほග㒊ほගㄢ௒㔝ఙ஧ㄢ㛗࡜బ⸨኱ᶞ๪୺ᖿ࡟ࠊ࡟࠿࡯ᕷࡢほගࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⾜ᨻࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽㅮ⩏ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ࡟࠿࡯ᕷࡢᴫせࢆᏛಟࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛஦౛◊✲ࡢᙜ᪥ࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࠋ
࡟࠿࡯ᕷ࡛ࡢ஦౛◊✲ࡣᖺ᭶᪥ ᪥ ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࠊ࡟࠿࡯ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ
఍ᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤㄢࡢ㰻⸨୍ᶞᑓ㛛ဨ࡜௒㔝ఙ஧ほගㄢ㛗࡟ࡈ᱌ෆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋ
⌧ᅾࡣ᪥ᮏᾏᮾ໭⮬ື㌴㐨ࡢ⤊Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ㇟₲࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢳ࢙ࣥࢪ࠿ࡽࠊ᫬ᢡ᪥
ᮏᾏࢆᮃࡳ࡞ࡀࡽᶆ㧗ࢆୗࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱ึࡢ┠ⓗᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡟࠿࡯ᕷ㇟
₲㒓ᅵ㈨ᩱ㤋㸦࡟࠿࡯ᕷ㇟₲⏫≴᳃㸧࡟฿╔ࡋࡓࠋ㒓ᅵ㈨ᩱ㤋࡛ࡣࠊ㰻⸨୍ᶞᑓ㛛ဨ࡟ࠊ㫽ᾏᒣࡢᄇⅆ࡟ࡼࡿ㇟₲ࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕࡸ㐨㊰ᕤ஦࡛Ⓨ᥀ࡉࢀࡓᇙࡶࢀᮌࠊᬒ຾ᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㇟₲࡟ࠊ㸦ඖ㘓㸰㸧ᖺ࡟ᯇᑿⰸⷀࡀゼࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࠊᩥேࡓࡕࡢ➹㊧㞟࡛࠶ࡿࠗ᪑ᐈ㞟࠘ࡢᖹ㈡※ෆࡸᑠᯘ୍Ⲕ࡞࡝ࡢ➹㊧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᚋ㏙ࡍࡿᆅ㟈┤๓࡟ఀ⬟ᛅᩗࡀゼࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࠊࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ㸦෗┿㸲㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ໭๓⯪ࡸᙜ
ᆅࡀ㍮ฟࡋࡓᮌ∧⏬ᐙ࡛࠶ࡿụ⏣ಟ୕ࡢᒎ♧ࡶぢᏛࡋࡓࠋࣂࢫ࡟஌ࡾࠊྠ୰࡟Ⅼᅾࡍࡿ஑༑஑ᓥࢆࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ⺡‶ᑎ࡬࡜⛣ືࡍࡿࠋỤᡞ᫬௦ᚋᮇࡢ㸦ᩥ໬ඖ㸧ᖺ࡟ࠊ㇟₲࡛ࡣ኱ᆅ㟈ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊ⣙㸰࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡶᆅ

̿̿㠃ࡀ㝯㉳ࡋࡓࠋᬒ຾ᆅ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㇟₲ࡢᬒほࡀᆅ㠃࡜໬ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ᫬㇟₲ࢆ㡿ᇦ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᮏⲮ⸬ࡣ᪂⏣㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵࠊᓥ㊧ࢆᖹᆠ࡟ࡋࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢ⏣ᅬࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ⺡‶ᑎࡢఫ⫋ࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡾಖᏑ㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ⌧ᅾࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᬒ຾ᆅࡀṧࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸳 ࠋ⺡‶ᑎࡢ㥔㌴ሙ࡟ࣂࢫࢆ೵ࡵࠊቃෆ࡟࠶ࡿす᪋ീࡢ๓࡛グᛕ᧜ᙳࢆࡋࡓ㸦෗┿㸳㸧ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ㏆ࡃ࡟࠶ࡿ஑༑஑ᓥࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㥖␃ᓥࡲ࡛Ṍࡃࠋ⺡‶ᑎቃෆ࡟ࡣ⩚㉺ᮏ⥺ࡢ⥺㊰ࡀᶓ᩿ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㕲㐨఍♫ࡢࢸࣞࣅᗈ࿌࡛᧜ᙳࡉࢀࡓሙᡤ࡛
࠶ࡿ᪨ࡢㄝ᫂┳ᯈࡶ❧࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊᾏ࡟ぢࡓ࡚ࡽࢀࡓỈ⏣ࡣ⪔సᨺᲠᆅࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᓥ࠿ࡽࡣ㫽ᾏᒣࢆᮃࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ ᫬ࡢᬒほࢆ᝿ീࡋ࡞
ࡀࡽ⺡‶ᑎࡢᒣ㛛࡟ᡠࡾ஦౛◊✲ࢆ⤊஢ࡋࡓ㸦෗┿㸴㸧ࠋ㰻⸨୍ᶞᑓ㛛ဨ࠿ࡽࠕᆅᇦࢆᚭᗏⓗ࡟ㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⇕࠸࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀᏛ⏕ࡢᚰ
࡟㡪࠸ࡓࠋ
࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
ᆅᇦ෌⏕ㄽࡣ⛅⏣┴ෆࡢ⾜ᨻࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊᆅᇦࡢࡈ༠ຊࡢࡶ࡜࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ㅮ⩏ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓㅮᖌࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡣࠊࢸ࣮࣐࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄝ᫂࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡞
ࡃࠊᆅᇦ෌⏕࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡋ࡚⮬㌟ࡢ⫋ᴗ⤒㦂࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᆅ
ᇦ෌⏕࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ⇕ព࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⏕࡟ఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋᮏㅮ⩏ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿᆅᇦ෌⏕࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࡸࡑࡢゎỴ᪉ἲࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎࠊᆅᇦ෌⏕ࢆᚿࡍࡓࡵࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᩍ⫱ࡀ๪ḟⓗ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦ෌⏕࡟㈨ࡍࡿேᮦࢆ㍮ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ౑
࿨ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕほගࠖ࡟ࡼࡾᆅᇦ෌⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ
࠿ࠋࡇࡢၥ࠸ࢆᖖ࡟ᛕ㢌࡟⨨ࡁࠊࡇࡢᤵᴗࢆࡼࡾࡼ࠸ࡶࡢ࡟ࣈࣛࢵࢩࣗ࢔ࢵࣉ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ኱㤋ᕷࠊ㮵ゅᕷࠊඵᓠ⏫ࠊ⏨㮵ᕷࠊ⛅⏣ᕷࠊ௝໭ᕷࠊ
኱௝ᕷࠊ‫‮‬ἑᕷࠊᮾ᪥ᮏ᪑ᐈ㕲㐨ᰴᘧ఍♫㸦㡰୙ྠ㸧ࡢⓙᵝ࡟ࡣࠊᴗົከᛁࡢ
୰ࡈ༠ຊ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࡇࡢሙࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ

̿̿ᆅᇦ෌⏕ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦౛◊✲̿ඵᓠ⏫࣭࡟࠿࡯ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ ̿‫ڦ‬トඵᓠ⏫䠳䠡䠞ࢧ࢖ࢺࠕඵᓠ⏫ࡢᴫせࠖ ZZZWRZQKDSSRXDNLWDMSඵᓠ⏫ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ⬟௦ᕷࠊ୕✀⏫ࠊ⸨㔛⏫ࡢ㸲ᕷ⏫࡟ࡼࡾࠊᆅᇦ㐃ᦠ㹂㹋㹍ࠕ⛅⏣ⓑ⚄ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࠖࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ



࡟࠿࡯ᕷほග༠఍䠳䠡䠞ࢧ࢖ࢺࠕ࡟࠿࡯ほග࡞ࡧࠖ㸦QDYLQLNDKRNDQNRMS㸧ᅜ㝿ほග◊✲➨ྕࡢάືሗ࿌ཧ↷ࠋᖺ᭶᪥࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠕ஦౛◊✲ࡢࡲ࡜ࡵࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㛗㇂ᕝ ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡚⺡‶ᑎ஧༑ᅄୡఫ⫋ࡢぬᯘ࿴ᑦ࡟ࡼࡿᬒほಖ඲ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫಟࡋࡓࠋ

‫ڦ‬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㛗㇂ᕝᡂ୍ࠊ㈨ᩱ㸦㸧ࠗኻࢃࢀࡓᬒほ࠘ྜྷᕝᘯᩥ㤋⛅⏣┴ඵᓠ⏫ࠕ⛅⏣ⓑ⚄㸫᪥ᮏᾏ࡜ⓑ⚄࡟ᢪ࠿ࢀࡿ⏫࠙ඵᓠ⏫ࠚࠖ⎔ⓑ⚄࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒᥎㐍༠㆟఍ࠕ6+,5$.$0,6$1&+, :RUOG 1DWXUDO+HULWDJH VLWHࠖࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࠊᆅᅗ
ඵᓠⓑ⚄ࢪ࢜ࣃ࣮ࢡ᥎㐍༠㆟఍ࠕ+$332 6+,5$.$0, *(23$5.ࠖࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺ
࡟࠿࡯ᕷほග༠఍ࠕᬒ຾ࡢᆅ㇟₲ࠖࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࠊᆅᅗ

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ᅜ㝿ほග◊✲ᡤᡤဨ࣭◊✲ဨ

ᡤဨ࣭◊✲ဨ
ἲᏛ㒊䝕䝣䜯䝹䝁䞉䝸䞊䜰䡡䜰䞁 ᡤ

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