Technology Strategy Center

The challenges and prospects
Bio-related Negative Emission Technologies
Technology Sessions

TS3:Carbon Dioxide Removal technologies
October 6, 2022

Wataru MIZUNASHI
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO)
Technology Strategy Center

Negative Emission Technologies (NETs)
Technology Strategy Center Negative emission technologies (NETs) are related to capture and absorb CO2 in the atmosphere andcontribute to removal by storage and fixation (CDR, Carbon Dioxide Removal).
Afforestation, Reforestation
Soil carbon sequestration
BiocharTechnology to enhance CO2 absorption by trees
Technology for storing and managing organic matter in soil (preventing CO2 generation due to natural
decomposition)
Technology to fix carbon by carbonizing organic matter by thermal decomposition and burying it in thesoil. One of the soil carbon sequestration technologies

BECCS

Process of extracting bioenergy from biomass and capturing and storing the carbon

DACCS

Technology that uses chemical processes to capture and separate carbon dioxide (CO2) directly fromambient air.

Enhanced weathering

Process that aims to accelerate the natural weathering by spreading finely ground silicate rock

Approach to carbon removal that involves adding alkaline substances to seawater to enhance the ocean's
natural carbon sink.
Ocean Sequestration of Crop Method to permanently sequester most of the carbon contained in plant residuals in the oceanResidue(preventing CO2 generation by natural decomposition)
Technology that promotes biological production by spraying nutrients into the ocean. Anticipating an
Ocean fertilization
increase in CO2 absorption from the atmosphere
Ocean alkalinization

2NETs (TRL, Cost, Reduction Potential etc.)
Technology Strategy CenterReduction cost estimation (2050), $/tCO2

 Most of the NETs are expected to have an abatement cost of $200/tCO2 in 2050, but include
developing technologies such as ocean-related, enhanced-weathering, DACCS, and biochar.
• Living organisms are excellent in theability to fix dilute concentrations ofOcean
CO2 at low cost
alkalinization
300
11.0• By improving biological functions, it
is possible to improve the amount
Carbon price assumptions at 2050 (IEA/NZE)
and rate of CO2 fixation as green
250
carbon and blue carbon.
Green Carbon
Bio-diversity/• It is also possible to contribute to theEnvironmental Impact
promotion of related industries
200
through the regeneration of theDACCS
natural environment using living
Blue Carbon
Ocean
3.5
organisms (co-benefits: forestry,Sequestration
150
Enhanced
BECCS
fisheries, food ingredients, leisure)of Cropweathering
5.6
Residue
3.0• On the other hand, when physically
0.9
100
storing organic matter or inorganic
Ocean
Biocharminerals in the natural environment
fertilization
2.6(land, sea), it is important to4.450
scientifically evaluate theSoil carbon
Afforestation,
environmental impact including
sequestration
Reforestation
4.1
2.3
biodiversity.
0Fundamental Research/POC Bench Scale• Technological development for active
Pilot Scale Semi-Commercial
Commercial
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
improvement to environment bybiological functions is also underway. 3TRL
* The area of the circle and the value inside the circle indicate
the reduction potential in 2050 in GtCO2/year. In addition, thevalues of TRL, abatement cost, and abatement potential are theaverage values of the obtained information.

Technology Strategy Center4

Technology Strategy Center

5Summary
Technology Strategy Center Negative emission technologies (NETs) are important for realization of carbon
neutral. Especially Bio-related NETs are expected not only low-cost CDR but
also environmentally friendly technology.
 In order to effectively utilize bio-related NETs technology and use forests andoceans as sustainable CO2 sinks, it is necessary to (1) achieve an appropriatebalance of economic and environmental value, (2) create an index forevaluation of environmental value, and obtain related monitoring and sensing
data, and (3) creation of economic value through establishing businessecosystem around forests and oceans , are important.
 Regarding economic value creation, new biotechnology, such as emerging
breeding technology, synthetic biology, engineering biology, ete. is powerfultool.
 Regarding environmental value, it is important to make discussion based on
scientific evidence. That will lead to acquire public acceptance and also
appropriate investment on these work.
6Technology Strategy Center

Thank you for your attention!

NEDO address global warming issues as an innovation accelerator
co-operating with organizations around the world.

http://www.nedo.go.jp/english/index.html

7What’s NEDO
Technology Strategy CenterMissions are- Addressing energy and global environmental problems- Enhancing industrial technology

Technology strategy
proposal

Message from the Chairman
NEDO serves as an innovation accelerator to address rising levels ofcarbon dioxide

83 Essential Social Systems for Sustainable Society
Technology Strategy Center

CCU, CCS, EOR

Cell-based material production

ReduceCellulose nanofibers

Reuse

Bioplastics

RecyclePlantation

AI・IoT

Biofuels

Hydrogen reduction
ironmaking
Hydrogen-fueledpower generation
Fuel cells
Batteries
Power electronics

Biomass power generation
Photovoltaic power generation
Wind power generation
Ocean energy generation
Geothermal power generation
Energy management
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