PUTRAJAYALOW CARBON GREEN CITYINITIATIVES REPORTPUTRAJAYA LOW CARBON GREEN CITYINITIATIVES REPORT© Putrajaya Corporation 2012
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Issued by:
Putrajaya Corporation
First Edition
December 2012
The book is printed on recycled papers

PUTRAJAYALOWLOW CARBONCARBON GREEN
GREEN CITYCITY
INITIATIVES REPORT“The planning principles based on sustainable development concept,
implemented from the beginning of the city’s development, has set
Putrajaya on a firm foundation to become Malaysia’s pioneer green cityin line with the Government’s aspiration.”– Omairi Bin Hashim
Director, City Planning Department

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0

BACKGROUND

1

1.1 Definition of Putrajaya Green City

4

1.2 Putrajaya Green City Target

2.0

4

PLANNING, URBAN DESIGN AND PLANNING

5

2.2 Reuse of Local Resources

12

2.4 Regulatory Framework

14

2.1 Planning Principle / Concept Contributing to Carbon Emission Reduction

2.3 Green Building Design and Certification
2.5 Studies

3.0

12
16

19

3.2 Putrajaya Greening Programme

26

3.4 Studies

28

3.1 Land Use Planning for Open Spaces

20

26

TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY

29

4.2 Environmental Friendly Public Bus Service – Nadi Putra

37

4.4 Bike Rental Program43

4.1 Integrated Transportation Network Planning

4.3 Public Pay Parking

4.5 Pilot Project – Proton Hybrid Car

5.0

6

INTEGRATION NATURE INTO THE URBAN FABRIC  
3.3 Regulatory Framework

4.0

4

1.3 Initiatives Towards Low Carbon Green City

ENERGY USAGE

5.1 Improvement of Energy Efficiency (Energy Efficiency-EE)

5.2 The use of Renewable Energy

5.3 Legislation and Policies (Regulatory Framework)

31

42
44

45

47

51

56

6.0

WATER USAGE

6.1 Water Quality Control

6.2 Performance of Lake Water Quality Index

57

60

64

6.3 Alternative Water Resources		

6.4 Legislation and Policies (Regulatory Framework)

64

7.0

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

69		

7.1 Provision of Recycling Facilities

7.2 Recycling Achivement Rate

7.5 Pilot Projects

81

MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE CITY

83

8.2 Reduction of Paper Usage for Meetings

85

8.4 Green Neighborhood Lifestyle Through Local Agenda 21 (LA21) Programme87

8.1 Online Services

8.3 Usage of e-Guidelines  
8.5 Awards and Accolades
		

75

76

7.6 Per Capita Solid Waste Generation

		71

7.3 Food waste and Garden Waste Composting Programme
7.4 Innovative Reuse of Solid Waste

8.0

68

Appendix A: List of Accolades

80
82

84

85
91
92

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.2
Figure 5.1
Figure 6.1
Figure 6.2
Figure 6.3
Figure 8.1

Concentration of high density development plots along major transport routes
and transportation terminals
GHG Emissions Per Capita
Distribution of Open Spaces in Putrajaya
The Hierarchy of Public Parks in Putrajaya
The Status of The Gazettement of Open Spaces in Putrajaya
Planned Rail Based Transportation  Routes and the locations Park andRide facilities in Putrajaya
Total Annual number of Passengers at ERL Station, Putrajaya Sentral
The reduction of Carbon Emissions based on the vehicles’ speed
Location plan of the Proposed 5MW Solar Farm, Precinct 11
Examples of Typical Design Structure of CDS Type GPTPutrajaya Wetlands
Location of Water Pump Houses along the Putrajaya Waterfront
Location of Putrajaya Community Gardens

10
17
20
21
27
32
36
39
54
62
63
66
88

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 2.5
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 6.3
Table 6.4
Table 6.5
Table 6.6
Table 6.7
Table 6.8
Table 7.1
Table 7.2
Table 8.1
Table 8.2
Table 8.3

Comparison on Carbon Emission Based on Public Servants Residence
List of buildings Certified as Green Building
General Information of GDC Plants in Putrajaya
Level of Carbon Emissions by Sector
Twelve Actions and Contributions of Carbon Reduction
The ratio of Public Open Space to 1,000 residents
Number of Species and Families of Fauna found in Putrajaya lake and Wetlands
Rail based Transportation Development lnformation
Comparison of the levels of carbon emission between rail based transport
to other transport mode
Information on the progress of Bus Operation
Comparison of the level of Carbon emission of Nadi Putra to other transportation mode
Bicycle Rental Rate based on the type of bicycles
Summary of Average Rate of NRW and Estimated Financial Losses
Water loss rate in Putrajaya, 2009-2011
Comparison of Domestic Daily Water Consumption in Putrajaya, 2009-2011
Basic Information on Centralised Sewage Treatment Plant
Basic Information of Putrajaya Wetlands Area
Comparison of River Water Quality Index
Pump House Information and Coverage Areas for Irrigation
Benefits of Using Lake Water as an Alternative Water Resource
Percentage of Recycling in Putrajaya, 2009-2011
Summary of the Rates Solid of Waste Generation in Putrajaya
Comparison on Required Documents and Plans between the Manual submission
and Electronic submission for Planning Permission
Estimated Reduction of Paper for Planning Permission Applications
Key Concepts and Programme Activities ASH 2012

9
13
16
17
18
21
24
31
31
38
38
43
58
59
59
60
63
64
65
67
75
82
84
85
89

LIST OF CHARTS
Chart 3.1
Chart 4.1
Chart 5.1
Chart 5.2
Chart 5.3
Chart 6.1
Chart 7.1
Chart 7.2
Chart 7.3

The Increase of Bird and Fish species in Putrajaya
Number of Motor Vehicles Registered By Type
Generating Capacity by Fuel Type
Source of Main Carbon (CO2) Emissions for Year 2000
Electricity Sales by TNB
River Water Quality Trends in Malaysia (2005-2010)
Percentage of GHG Emissions by Sector, 2000
Leading Sources of Methane Gas Emissions
Total Recyclable Materials Collection,  2004-2011

23
30
46
46
52
58
70
70
75

ban design &Ur
ildingbu

Planning

1.0 BACKGROUND

Integratinger UsagWatergy UsageEneortation & M
sp

ility
ob

7 focus area

Tran

PGC2025

t
en
m

Soli
d

City Admin
i

ent
gem
na

ste Manage
Wature into thenafabban ric
urn and M
atio
a
str

1.0

BACKGROUND

The launch of the National Green Technology Policy on
24 July 2009 by Government of Malaysia has openeda new chapter in Malaysia’s effort in addressing
environmental issues involving climate change andenergy use through the application and development ofgreen technology to reduce Malaysia’s carbon footprintin addition to enhancing environmental sustainability. The
policy has also outlined five main objectives, where thefourth objective is “to ensure sustainable development
and conserve the environment for future generations”.
National Green Technology Policy includes
elements of the economic, environmental andsocial, as outlined by the following five (5)objectives:
•
•
•

•
•

to coordinate the growth of green technology
and to enhance the contribution of green
technology to the national economy;
to facilitate the growth of green technology
industry and to increase the contribution to thenational economy;
to increase the capacity for innovationin green technology development andenhancingcompetitivenessingreen
technology at an international level;
to ensure sustainable development andconserve
theenvironment
forfuturegenerations; andto increase public awareness and education
on green technology to promote widespreaduse of green technology.

As an extension to that , the Prime Minister of Malaysia
in his speech during the presentation of 2010 Malaysia
Budget on 23 October 2009, had announced “todevelop Putrajaya and Cyberjaya as Green Technology
Cities as pioneers to other urban development” as
one of the measures to promote green technology
development activities in Malaysia.

On 20 November 2009, the Cabinet has approved the
National Climate Change Policy which outlines ten
strategic thrusts and 43 key actions to address climatechange phenomenon towards sustainable development
goals of the country.
“The National Climate Change Policy to serve as aframework for deploying and providing guidance
to government agencies, industry, and community
stakeholders to meet the challenges of climatechange in a holistic manner. The policy will help
in identifying the integrated actions to be taken toachieve the goal of sustainable development”.
Welcome remarks of YAB Dato’ Sri Najib Bin Tun
Abd Razak, Prime Minister of Malaysia in National
Climate Change Policy, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment Malaysia, 20 November
2009.
In addition, during the COP15 conference in
Copenhagen on 17 December 2009, Malaysia has madea commitment to reduce carbon emissions by up to 40%of the intensity of gross domestic product (GDP) by 2020
compared to 2005.
“I would also like to announce here in Copenhagenthat Malaysia is adopting an indicator of a voluntary
reduction of up to 40% in terms of emissions intensity
of GDP by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels.
This indicator is conditional on receiving thetransfer of technology and finance of adequate
and effective levels from our Annex 1 partners, that
correspond to what is required in order to achieve
this indicator.”
Speech of YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Bin Tun Abd
Razak, Prime Minister of Malaysia at the U.N.
CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 2009 –“15TH
CONFERENCE OF PARTIES (COP 15)” 17 December
2009.

2

To achieve the Government’s aspiration, Putrajaya
Corporation (PJC) has decided to formulate a
Green City action plan for Putrajaya. As the firststep, PJC has organized a two days Putrajaya Green
City International Conference from 23rd to 24th ofFebruary 2010. The conference serves as a platform for
Putrajaya Corporation to learn, understand and gain
experience from other countries in implementing green
city programs. It has also helped PJC in identifying
the direction, concept and definition of ‘green city’envisaged in the development of Putrajaya.
On the 26th and 27th ofApril 2010, Malaysia incollaboration with PJC and Universiti Pertanian
Malaysia (UPM) has organized Malaysian Green Forum(MGF), inaugurated by Prime Minister of Malaysia.
It was attended by top government officials andother stakeholders aimed to explore issues related to
the natural and built environment in Malaysia andMalaysia’s commitment to improving the environment

3

at the national and regional level as well as to formulate
resolutions and renew commitment to address related
issues in a more comprehensive and holistic way.
“Environmental sustainability can only fullymaterialize if there is a complete and holistic
ecosystem that allows for it. The government isaware of this fact and has taken this approachin gearing the nation towards this aim. I haveidentified six major components of this ecosystemand together they form the acronym AFFIRM. They
are Awareness, Faculty, finance, Infrastructure,
Research, Development and Commercializationand Marketing”
Speech of YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Bin Tun Abdul
Razak, Prime Minister of Malaysia at the Malaysian
Green Forum (MGF), Seri Siantan Conference Hall,
Putrajaya Corporation.

1.1

Definition of Putrajaya Green CityA Green City is defined as a city planned with theprinciples of sustainable development with programs
and initiatives to preserve the environment and natural
resources in the view to reducing the negative impact ofhuman activities onto the environment.
Other aspects that are often associated with theconcept of green cities is management of renewable
and non-renewable resources, management of waste
and the reduction of the impact of greenhouse gases(GHG) such as carbon dioxide resulting from various
human activities.

1.2

Putrajaya Green City Target

With reference to the above definition, it is clear thatgreen city status to be achieved in Putrajaya is not limited
to physical greeneries only. It also covers three main aims
as follows:
i.
ii.
iii.

1.3

With a clear scope of the initiatives, it would be easier toassess its achievements against the targets set. For thispurpose, seven focus areas have been identified:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Planning, Urban Design & Building;Integrating Nature into the Urban Fabric;
Energy Usage;
Water Usage;
Transportation and Mobility;
Solid Waste Management; andCity Administration and Management.

This report aims to summarize the initiatives thathave been implemented since the beginning of thedevelopment of Putrajaya as well as the continuous
efforts being carried out. These initiatives arecollaborative efforts of various stakeholders including
all internal departments of Putrajaya Corporation,
government ministries and agencies, developers and all
members of community in Putrajaya.

to minimize negative environmental impacts andthe use of resources
to promote human interaction with nature
to reduce carbon emissions related to humanactivities

Initiatives Towards Low Carbon Green CityThe ‘City in a Garden’ Concept adopted in the Putrajaya
Master Plan in 1995 emphasizes on the principles ofsustainable development and to encourage humaninteraction back with nature has provided a solid
foundation for the city to move towards achieving thegoal of Putrajaya as low carbon green city.
What is required now is to further strengthen the existing
programs and to develop them further as a scope forlong-term initiatives.

42.0 PLANNING, URBAN DESIGN & BUILDING

5

2.0

PLANNING, URBAN DESIGN & BUILDING

2.1

Planning Principle / Concept Contributing to Carbon Emissions Reduction

The planning principles that have been applied at theearly stages of layout planning and urban design in
Putrajaya has directly contributed towards the reductionof carbon dioxide emission particularly in reducing travel
distance and traffic generation by motorized private
vehicles.:i. Land use planning through the development ofself-contained Integrated neighborhood centers inperipheral residential precincts (Precinct 6 to 19). This
will enable residents to run their daily activities such astransporting children to school, shopping and leisureactivities as well as religious activities within shorttravelling distance.

Integrated land use planning at the neighbourhood center in each peripheral residential precinct provides the residents withcommercial, religious and education facilities.

Development of neighbourhood complex equipped with various facilities within one building to save land use space.

6

ii. The planning of a comprehensive network of pedestrian and bicycle paths is provided in the Putrajaya Master Planand is detailed out in the Transport Design Guidelines. This requirement has been made one of the conditions for theapproval of Planning Permission application and Landscape Plan.

A comprehensive networks of pedestrian/ bicycle paths are provided at peripheral precincts and city center.

7

8

Putrajaya telah mengurangkan jarak perjalanan di antara
tempat bekerja dan tempat tinggal. Bagi golongan
pekhidmat awam yang pada asalnya tinggal di bandariii. The planning and provision of residential units forbandar seperti Kajang, Serdang, Bangi, Puchong, Seri
public servants of various government ministries andKembangan
dan Cheras
tetapi berpindahke distancekuarters
agencies
in Putrajaya
has reduced
the travelling
kerajaan Putrajayatelahmengurangkan
jarak perjalanan
betweenthe placeof work
and residence.
For public
sekurang-kurangnya
lebihbagi setiap
servants
who originally10km
resideatau
in thesurrounding
areastripofperjalanan.
Kajang, Serdang, Bangi, Puchong, Seri Kembangan and
Cheras but have since, moved to live in Putrajaya, they
Jadual2.1 menunjukkan
antarahave
managedto reduce aperbandingan
distance of at jarak
least 10km
ortempattinggaldidalam/
luar
Putrajayakepusat
bandarmore per travel trip.
Putrajaya.
The provision of 55% of the total planned home units
Penyediaan
kerajaansebanyakdaripadainPutrajayakuarters
for public
servants
has 55%encouraged
jumlahkeseluruhan
unit
rumah
yang
dirancangdiPutrajaya
government employees to move from other cities tomenggalakkan lagi kakitangan kerajaan berpindah dari
Putrajaya.
bandar-bandar di luar Putrajaya ke Putrajaya.

Kuarters
kerajaanHouses
dirancang= 32,507
Public Servants
planned= unit32,507 unit
Kuarters
kerajaanSiapdibina=26,854
Public Servants Houses completedunit= 26,854 unit
(Sumber: PHSB, April 2012)(Source: PHSB, April 2012)

99

JARAK KE PUSAT BANDARANGGARANPUTRAJAYA (KM)
LOKASI
kgCO2/KEDIAMANdalam
dari luar
perjalanan
Table 2.1 Comparisonon
CarbonEmission
Based onPutrajaya
Putrajaya
Public Servants Residence
Presint 9
3.0 - 6.0
1.9 - 3.8
Presint 11
Location of
Presint
14
Residence
Presint 16

3.8 - 5.1
Estimated
5.1 - 4.8
kgCO
/trip
2
4.8 – 4.5

Serdang

6.0 - 8.0
Distance to Putrajaya
6.0 City- 7.5Center (km)5.0 - 7.0
WithinFrom
2.0 - 3.5
Putrajaya
outsidePutrajaya
19 - 25

Precinct 9
Bangi

3.0 -- 6.0

1.9 –- 3.8
10.9
14.1

Presint 18

17 -- 22

1.3 – 2.2
12.2 – 16.0

Precinct 11
6.0 -- 8.0
3.8 –- 5.1
Kajang20 - 24
12.8
15.4
Precinct14
6.0
7.5
5.1-4.8
Seri
18 - 2111.5 – 13.4
Precinct 16
5.0 - 7.0
4.8 – 4.5
Kembangan
Precinct18
2.0
3.5
1.3––13.4
2.2
Puchong
14 - 219.0
Serdang
19 - 25
12.2 – 16.0
Cheras25 - 3116.0 – 19.8
17- 2210.9 – 14.1
Bangi
Nota:
- kajian PGC2025:
20 - 24baseline12.8- Kajang
0.64kgCO2/km (pasukan& – 15.4
preliminary study)
Seri
18 - 2111.5 – 13.4
Kembangan
14 - 21
9.0 – 13.4
Puchong
iv. Pembangunan jenis kepadatan tinggi, kegunaan
25 - 3116.0 – 19.8
Cherastanah jenis bercampur dan tumpuan aktiviti orangNote:(kemudahanawam baseline
dan pejabat
kerajaan) telah-ramai0.64kgCO/km (PGC2025:&
2
dirancang
lot-lottanah yang tertumpu di sepanjang
preliminarybagi
study
team)
laluan rangkaian pengangkutan utama dan nod/terminal pengangkutan. Ini akan melibatkan lot-lot tanah
di sepanjang Persiaran Perdana yang akan dilengkapi
dengansistem pengangkutan
rel serta
lot-lot
sekitariv.
The developmentof high density,
mixed
landdiuse
type
Putrajaya
Sentral(Rajah2.1).
of development as well as public focused public facilities
and government offices on plots concentrated along
major transportation routes and nodes/transportation
terminal has been planned. This involves plots of landalong Persiaran Perdana which has been planned
to be serviced with rail transport system as well plots
surrounding the area of Putrajaya Sentral (Figure 2.1).

Figure 2.1 : Concentration of high density development plots along major transport routes and transportation terminals

10‘Rock-filled’ Putrajaya Lake Dam2.2 Reuse of Local Resources

2.3 Green Building Design and Certification

Efforts to reuse local resources have also been carried

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), 40%

out by the developer, Putrajaya Holdings Sdn. Bhd. in theof total energy use in most countries is contributed byinitial stages of development of Putrajaya. The initiative

the building sector which is also a major contributor to

has reduced the generation of solid waste resulting fromcarbon emissions. This has becomes more apparent assite clearing for construction purposes. Among them are:building floor spaces of increases from time to time.

1. the re-use of crushed rocks as construction material for

IEA also has suggested that the building sector is the mostthe rock filled dam of the Putrajaya lake. This has directly

cost effective sector in reducing energy consumption.

reduced the cost of building materials by the developer.

Reduction of energy in the building sector can berealised if the design and the operation of buildings

2. Aggregate rocks are used as roadpaving material.

have taken account of green building criteria suchas efficiency in the use of energy, water and the use

3. Green waste from clearing of palm trees of a formerof environmental friendly materials and construction

palm oil plantation area was turned into compost

technologies.

materials for landscaping of Putrajaya Wetlands.
In Putrajaya, the developers have been actively seeking
to obtain green building certification for their buildings
through the design of new buildings and by building
owners retrofitting existing buildings. Current status is asfollows:

12Six building has been certified as Green Building:

Table 2.2: List of buildings Certified as Green Building
Building
i. Energy Commission Building

ii. Ministry of Energy, GreenTechnology and Water Building(KeTTHA)
iii. Office Tower On Plot Z10
iv. 3 Star Hotel On Plot Z10
v. PJH Tower
vi. Perdana Putra Building

Green Building Certification
GBI rating PLATINUM(Non-Residential
New Construction (NRNC)
BCAGreen Mark Award PLATINUM(New Buildings)
GBI rating SILVER(Non-Residential New Construction (NRNC)
GBI provisional rating CERTIFIED(Non-Residential New Construction (NRNC)
GBI provisional rating CERTIFIED(Non-Residential New Construction (NRNC)
GBI rating GOLD
(Non-Residential New Construction (NRNC)
GBI rating PLATINUM (Non-Residential Existing Building) (NREB)

Energy Commission Building

Six other buildings under construction
designed for Green Building Certification. :13

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water(KeTTHA) Building

have

been

i. Government Complex Parcel F
ii. Ofice Building 2C5iii. Office Building 2C14
iv. Office Building 3C10, 3C11
v. Office Building 3C2, 3C3 & 3M2
vi. City Campus Building 5C4

2.4

Regulatory Framework
Perundangan,
Dasar dan Polisi (Regulatory Framework)

In ensuringthat thegreen citybandar
initiativesbeBagimemastikan
inisiatif-inisiatif
hijaucandapat
continually dalam
implemented
the long
run, PPjPJCperlu
hasditeruskan
jangka inmasa
panjang,provided the regulatory
framework to
supportthememperuntukkan
rangka perundangan,dasar
dan polisi
implementationof green initiatives
according to current
yangdapat menyokong
kepada perlaksanaan
inisiatifneeds.mengikut keperluan semasa.
‘hijau’i. Rancangan Struktur Putrajaya 2025 sebagai satu
dokumen statutori utama untuk memandu perancangan

i.dan
The
Putrajaya Structure
Plan 2005 visi,
as halaa statutory
pembangunan
telah menggariskan
tuju dandocument
to guide theplanning anddevelopmentofpolisi yang menyokongtransformasi
Putrajaya
dari Bandar
thecity.keItBandar
has outlined
Taman
Hijau. Putrajaya vision, direction andpolicies to support the transformation of Putrajaya from a
City
in a Garden
into aGreen City. Putrajaya 2011-2015
ii. Pelan
Strategik
Perbadananjuga telah menetapkan dua objektif strategik berkaitan
pencapaian status bandar hijau:

1

4

8

VisionBig Moves

Policies

Sustainable Putrajaya 2025

1

Green

From Garden To Green

2

Vibrant

3

Distinctive

4

Connected

1

2
3
4
5
6
7

8

Elevating Putrajaya as an
Excellent Federal
Government Administrative
CentreBuilding a Progressive andDiverse Urban Economy
Strengthening Tourism as
Key Economic Function
Enhancing Community
Living Environment
Moving Putrajaya Towards
Green City
Implementing Integrated
Transportation System
Employing Adaptable andResponsive Land Use
Management
Adopting EffectivePartnership and Good
Governance

OBJEKTIF STRATEGIKINDIKATOR

P4: Menggalakkan
Strategic Objectives
Penggunaan
Baru
P4 :Teknologi
Promote theuse

P4. 1 : Bilangan proses utama yang dicomputerised (aplikasi baru)
Indicators
P4. 2 : Peratus penggunaan Industralised Building System (IBS) dalam pembinaan
bangunanP4.1 Numberof key processes being computerised (new applications)
P4.
3 :Percentage
Bilangan cerun
tinggi Building
yang dipasang
sistemamaranconstruction
awal (EWS) bagi
P4.2
use ofberisiko
Industrialised
System (IBS)in building
mengurangkan
impak
P4.3 Numberof high risk
slopebencana
installed with early warning system (EWS) to reduce impact ofof new technologies

P5: Meningkatkan
Hijau
P5.:Amalan
Improving

Green Practices

disaster
P5.
1 : Jumlah pengkomposan sisa taman
P5.
2 :Amount
Peratusof
bangunanmilikcomposted
PPj mengadakan ciri-ciri inisiatif hijau
P5.1
garden waste
P5.
3 :Percentage
Peratus pengurangan
penggunaan
elektrik bagi bangunan milik PPj
P5.2
of PPj-ownedkadar
buildings
with green initiatives
P5.
4 :Percentage
Bilangan penggunaan‘energysaving/LED
bagi
lampu
taman
untuk
P5.3
of reduction inlampu
electricity
consumption
rate
for PPj’s
ownedbuildings
pembangunan
barusaving/LED used for new public parks lighting
P5.4 The
number of energy
P5.
5 :Percentage
Peratus kawasan
P5.5
of greenhijau
areas/spaces
P5.
6 :Number
Bilangangreenprogramme
practice diinPPj
P5.6
of program
green practicePPj
P5.
7 :Percentage
Peratus kitar
semula yangdilaksanakan
P5.7
of recycling
implemented
P5.
8 :TheJumlahbaja
digunakan
dari pengkomposansisa taman
P5.8
amountof yang
fertilizer
from composted
garden waste used

SASARAN 2015
TBD
Target
2015
TBD
TBD

TBD

TBD
TBD
31 tan
TBD
31 tons
5%kW
TBD
3005%kw
unit

300 unit
40%
40%
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


14

ii. The Putrajaya Corporation’s Strategic Plan 2011-2015
has also set two strategic objectives in achieving a green
city status:iii. New requirements are imposed in the approval forvarious development related applications; these willfurther strengthen the implementation of green initiatives
at the operational level. These include:a. From 2011 onwards, two new requirements (involving
six sub-criteria) have been imposed in the approvalfor Planning Permission application for Commercial
complexes.
b. New conditions have been imposed in the approvalfor Building Plan to include green building design
requirements for non-residential types of development.
c. New requirements in the checklist of Buildings Plan
application for consultants to include a report andassessment for Green Building Index (GBI).
iv. Since the early planning stage of Putrajaya, it has
been made compulsory for buildings in the city centre
to be supplied with chilled water from centralized Gas
District Cooling (GDC) plants for the purpose of air
conditioning The use of centralised co-generation systemon a large scale has the advantages in terms of energy
efficiency, as well as more being environmental friendly,in which carbon emissions resulted from buildings air
conditioning can be controlled at source.
As one of green city initiatives, the use of this green
technology has been made a policy in the Draft
Local Plan for Precincts 2, 3, 4 and 18. This allows
the Corporation to impose government offices andcommercial buildings in the city center to utilise the
GDC system. In addition this is also imposed as one of
the conditions in the granting of approvals for Planning
Permission of related developments.

Table 2.3: General Information of GDC Plants in Putrajaya

GDC Planti.

Plant 1, Precinct 1

ii.

Plant 2, Precinct 2

iii.

Plant PICC, Precinct 5

iv.

Plant Wisma Putra,
Precinct 2
Plant 3, Precinct 5
Plant 4, Precinct 4(under construction)

v.
vi.

2.5

Capasity

Supply tobuilding
Precinct 1

Power Capacity –6.5 MW
Cooling Capacity –32,700 RT
Power Capacity – Precinct 2,3 & 4
10.6 MW
Cooling Capacity –32,700 RT
Cooling Capacity –PICC
3880 RT
Cooling Capacity –Wisma Putra
2,300 RT
No Information
Precinct 5
No Information
Precinct 4

Studiesi. Putrajaya Green City 2025 (PGC 2025): Baseline
and Preliminary Study
PPj together with local experts from Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia (UTM) and Malaysia Green Technology
Corporation (MGTC) as well as experts from Japan,
namely Kyoto University, Okayama University and
the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
have conducted the Putrajaya Green City 2025 (PGC2025): Baseline and Preliminary Study to determine thequantitative environmental targets. Three quantitative
targets that have been recommended in the study are:i.

Reduction in carbon emission levels by 60% totransform Putrajaya into a Low Carbon City;
ii. Reduction in peak temperature by 2 degrees Celsius(A Cooler Putrajaya); andiii. Reduction in the final disposal of solid waste by 50%
through solid waste management (3R Putrajaya).

16

To achieve the above quantitative targets, the study
team has set 2007 as the base year and the year 2025 as
the target year for the reduction of carbon emissions by
60%. The study estimated the greenhouse gases (GHG)
emissions for Putrajaya in the seven sectors namely
commercial, public amenities and facilities, government
offices, residential, passenger transportation, freighttransportation and solid waste.
In 2007, total GHG emissions were estimated at 664
ktCO2eq in which emissions from the government officesector is the highest at 180 ktCO2eq followed by thetransportation sector at 161ktCO2eq.
In the case where no counter measures are taken(‘business as usual - BaU scenario), the GHG emissions
are expected to increase by 7.5 times compared toemissions in 2007 to 4186ktCO2eq. The Commercial sector
is expected to generate the highest GHG emissions at
1435ktCO2eq, the passenger transportation sector, andthe second highest at 1314ktCO2eq followed by solid
waste sector which remains the third highest contributor
at 414ktCO2eq.

Table 2.4: Level of Carbon Emissions by Sector

SectorGovernment
OfficesCommercial
Public Amenities
Residential
Transportation(Passenger)
Transportation(Freight)
Solid waste
Carbon sinkTotal Emissions of
GHG
Total Population
Per Capita GHG
Emmissions

2007(ktCO2eq)1802025 BaU(ktCO2eq)3632025 CM(ktCO2eq)
139

65
67
23
161

1,435
240
266
1,314

769
112
150
368

20

156

89

148
664

414
4,186

189
-35
1,780

49,45213 tCO2eq347,000
12 tCO2eq347,000
5 tCO2eq

By introducing counter measures in the year 2025, total
GHG emissions are expected to be reduced by 60% to
1780ktCO2eq compared to 2025 GHG for BaU scenario.

	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  

	
  

17

	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Figure	
  2.2:	
  GHG	  Emissions	  Per	  Capita	
  

	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  

Twelve (12) actions have been proposed as countermeasures to achieve the above three targets. Reductionin the GHG emission contributed by those countermeasures are shown in the table below:

The 12 actions are detailed out in the as programmes
to be implemented in the next stage of the study, thePutrajaya Green City Action Plan.

Table 2.5: Twelve Actions and Contributions of Carbon Reduction

No.
1

ActionGHG Reduction
GHG (%)

Integrated City Planning & Management

Environmental Targets

15.5
Low Carbon Putrajaya

2

Low Carbon Transportation

29.0

3

(Cutting Edge Sustainable Building)

33.2

4

Low Carbon Lifestyles

3.5

5

More and More Renewable Energy

2.5

6

The Green Lungs of Putrajaya

1.8

7

Cooler Urban Structure and Buildings

Cooler Putrajaya

8

Community and Individual Actions to reduce Urban
Temperatures

3.2

9

Use Less Consume Less

0.2

10

Think Before You Throw

6.7

11

Integrated Waste Management

4.4

12

Green Incentives & Capacity Building-

Grand Total

ii. Putrajaya Green City Action Plan Study
Putrajaya Green City Action Plan Study was conducted
through a joint project between KeTTHA and a Japaneseagency, New Energy and Industrial Technology
Development Organization (NEDO).
Japan Research Institute (JRI) was appointed by NEDO tocarry out the study with the assistance of a consortium ofeight private companies from Japan.

3R Putrajaya

Cross category

100.0

a. Building and Energy (13 actions, 29 programs
identified)b. Urban Transportation (16 actions, 35 programs
identified)c. Waste Management (12 actions, 22 programs
identified)d. Urban Environment (5 action, 7 program identified)
The study was launched on the 4th of August 2011 and itisin the process of finalization.

The study aims to provide a road map for Putrajaya
to achieve a low-carbon city status. Four road maps
covering the following topics have been proposed:

18

3.0

INTEGRATING NATURE INTO THE URBANFABRIC

3.0
INTEGRATING NATURE
INTO THE URBAN FABRIC

Figure 3.1: Distribution of Open Spaces in Putrajaya

In order to achieve a low-carbon
green city status, the initiative tocreate green areas in the physicalform and the conservation of thenatural green environment in urban
areas must be applied. The physicalgreen areas can be created byproviding areas for tree planting
as well as and creating water
bodies. This is the only one initiative
to increase the rate of carbon
sequestrationas compared toother initiatives which aim to reducecarbon emissions. In addition, thisinitiative will enhance biodiversity inurban areas.

3.1
Land Use Planning forOpen Spaces
Putrajaya Master Plan 1997 hasprovided 37.6% of the total areaof Putrajaya as parks and open
spaces. These includes parks, green
strips, buffer zones, water bodies
such as lakes and wetlands. Since
the development of Putrajaya in
1996, the percentage of open
space has not only been able to be
maintained but has been increased
to up to 38.91% which is equivalent
to 1918.66 hectares (Draft StructurePlan, June 2012). Until now, the total
area of open spaces that havebeen developed has reached 36%.
This is a high ratio if compared tothe current population in Putrajaya.

Source: Draft Structure Plan, June 201220

12 Metropolitan parks of various themes has beendeveloped, covering an area of 667.22 hectares
representing 34.55% of the total green areas that has
been allocated for.

Table 3.1 shows a summary of public open space ratio to
1,000 population compared with the ratio recommended
in the National Urbanisation Policy. Although the ratio
decreases with the increase in population, open
spaces estimation for the year 2025 as the populationin Putrajaya reaches the target of 347,700 people arestill higher than the national target of 5.5 hectares: 1,000
inhabitants.
	
  
	
  
Table 3.1: The ratio of Public Open Space to 1,000 residents
	
  
	
  
Open Space per 1,000 residents	
  (hectares)
	
  
2009
2010
2011
2025
	
  
National Urbanisation	
  2hectares(1)

PolicyPutrajaya

28.7

(2)

28.5

(3)

25.4

(4)

5.5

Figure 3.2: The Hierarchy of Public Parks in Putrajaya
Figure	  3.2:	
  The	
  Hierarchy	
  of	
  Public	
  Parks	
  in	
  Putrajaya	
  	
  
	
  

	
  

(5) 	
  

	
  

	
  
Notes:(1): The National Urbanisation Policy Target, DPN9, Action (ii)	
  	
  (2), (3), (4): MURNInet Report Putrajaya	  (5): Estimation based on target population of 347,700 in year	
  
	
  
2025

	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
i. Development of Public Parks
	
  
	
  
In order to conserve a natural environment in an urban	  area, Putrajaya has been planned with a hierachy of
public parks that can be easily accessible either at thecity centre or peripheral residential precincts.

Public parks of various hierarchy aimed to integrate nature
with
	
  
thebuilt environment
	
  

21

	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
   SSource: Report or Survey, Draft Putrajaya Structure Plan
Source:	  Draft	
  Structure	
  Plan	  Examination	
  Report	  	  ii. Creation of Water Bodies (Lakes and Putrajaya Wetlands)
Another important component of land
use in Putrajaya is the water body in the	
  form of an artificial lakes and wetlands.
	  The 400-hectares Putrajaya Lake and	  200 hectares of wetlands area has been	
  proven to be effective in increasing the	  biodiversity and ecological quality of	  Putrajaya. This can be observed through	
  the inventory records of species of birds
and fish that have been carried out 	  by
the Environment, Lakes and Wetland	
  Division.
	
  

	
  

Chart	
  3.1:	
  The	  Increase	  of	
  Bird	  and	
  Fish	  species	
  in	
  Putrajaya	  Chart 3.1: The Increase	
   of Bird and Fish species in Putrajaya

	
  

	
  

23

The diversity of fauna species recorded has indicated that the Putrajaya lake and wetlands been functioning well increating a healthy and suitable habitat for fauna in an urban setting.
Table 3.2: Number of Species and Families of Fauna found in Putrajaya lake andWetlands in 2011

Fauna Species
Insects
Amphibians
ReptilesMammals

Number of spesies
453
5
15
10

Number of families
49
4
10
5

24

The Federal Territory Tree Planting Programme 2010

3.2

Putrajaya Greening Programme

Based on Landscape and Parks Department records, thenumber of trees planted in Putrajaya until June 2012 was
661 963 trees. Tree planting efforts are still being carriedout by the Department through various programmes
involving the private sectors as well as government
agencies as follows:
Greening the Earth Planting Programmeorganised by Putrajaya Corporation, theMalaysian Timber Industry Board (MTB) and Tesco
on 1st of December 2011 at Taman Wawasan
Precinct 2, of 1,000 Aquilaria trees have beenplanted;ii.

Tree Planting Programmes for the Federal Territoryof Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur and Labuan on 28thof April 2012 in Precinct 5, a total of 150 species oftrees were planted;

iii.

Tree Planting Programme in conjunction with theMillion of Youth Gathering event on 26th of May
2012 at Precinct 18, a total of 100 trees wereplanted.

3.3

i.

Regulatory Framework

The planning and development of public parks andwater bodies in Putrajaya has an important role in thecontrol of temperature by lowering the temperature in
the city as well as to serve as carbon sinks.
For this purpose, up to July 2012, 1,056.08 hectares ofopen space has been gazetted under the provisionof Section 62 of the National Land Code 1965 (Act56) (Figure 3.3). The effort to gazette open spaces will
be continued in stages by PJC to ensure that future
generations will able to enjoy the natural environment
and the quality of the environment in urban areas.
Aquilaria Tree plantings sponsored by Tesco at Taman Wawasan

26

Figure 3.3: The Status of The Gazettement of Open Spaces in Putrajaya

3.4

Studies

Since large open spaces is planned in Putrajaya,

iv. To carry out research activities related to theit is important to ensure that the parks effectively

management of urban forests and open spaces inmanage and maintained. PJC and the Forest Research

Putrajaya.

Institute Malaysia (FRIM) has signed a Memorandum ofUnderstanding (MOU) for the purpose of collaboration

The above projects particularly the Tree Inventory andbetween the Landscape and Parks Department of PJC

Management System as well as the Carbon Sink Study will

and FRIM in projects involving scopes as follows:

be beneficial in the measurement of carbon emissions in
Putrajaya.

i.

To implement and develop the Tree Inventory andManagement Systems of Putrajaya;

ii. To conduct Carbon Sink Study according to plant
species;iii. To cooperate in conducting awareness programs,
courses, seminars and conferences on urban forests,
landscapes, and recreation;

MOU Signing Ceremony between PJC and FRIM on 13 April 2012.

28

4.0 TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY

4.0

TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY

The transportation sector has been identified as one of
the major contributor of carbon emissions at the second
highest in Malaysia according to the Malaysia’s Second
National Communication (NC2) to the UNFCCC reportand a similar trend is also reported in Putrajaya based on
the Putrajaya Green City 2025 - Baseline and Preliminary
Study. Similar to the energy sector, the high level ofemission from the transportation sector is closely related
to our dependence on fossil fuel sources. This is a serious
situation as the number of motor vehicles rises from year
to year. The Malaysia Department of Statistics figuresindicated that the number of registered vehicles in 2005of 14,816,407 had increased 38% to 19,016,782 in 2009.

	
  

	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  

The transition from the use of vehicles using fossil fuels
to vehicles using renewable energy are expected totake a long time due to the issue of higher cost in usingof the latter. This will also involve initiatives at the Federal
Government level as well as vehicle manufacturingindustry.
Based on the above scenario, the current initiatives
undertaken by the PJC as a local authority are more
focused on increasing the use of public transport by
operating and managing a public bus services in the city.

Chart
4.1: Numberof Motor
Vehicles
Registered By
Chart	
  4.1:	
  Number	  of	
  Motor	
  Vehicles	
  Registered	  By	
  Type
Type	
  	
  

Source: Annual Book of Statistics Malaysia 2010

30

4.1

Integrated Transportation Network Planning

The network of transportation system in Putrajaya
was planned based on the Transportation Master
Plan in which the ratio between the public modes oftransportation and the private modes of transportation isbased on the ratio of 70:30. An integrated transportation
network with rail based system as the back bone has
been planned and this will be supported by a park andride facilities (Figure 4.1). Various modes of transportationis planned to achieve the objectives of providing an
integrated transportation system. Public transportationsuch as public buses and rail based transport that areable to accommodate more passengers per travel
trip will be encouraged and this will contribute to the
reduction of carbon emissions from the transportation
sector.

i. Intra-city Rail Based Transport system
From the initial stage of planning, two routes ofapproximately 20km long rail lines with 25 stations wereplanned. Line 1 will provide services to Precincts 1, 2, 3,
4 and 7 and Line 2 to the Precincts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17 and
18. Part of the components that have been constructed
includes an underground rail tunnel, part of the station
at the integrated transport terminal, Putrajaya Sentral
and a bridge crossing the Putrajaya Lake. The future
operations of the rail based system are subjected to theFederal Government further considerations. Details of thedevelopment are shown in Table 4.1
Table 4.1: Rail based Transportation Development lnformation

31

Route 1

Route 2

RouteDistance

13.2 km
6.02km (completed)
7.18km (to becompleted)

6.8km
2.57km (completed)
4.23km (to becompleted)

Numberof
Stations

18 stations:- 7 under groundstation- 1 Ground Station- 10 Elevated Station

7 stations:- 2 undergroundstation- 5 elevated station

The main benefit in providing rail based transportation in
the city center is that it will promote mobility with speed,
efficiency as well as able to reduce traffic congestion
which in turn will reduce air pollution. In addition, thelarge capacity of a rail based transportation compared
to private transportation in terms of travel trips are able
to contribute towards the reduction of carbon emissions
from the transportation sector. Table 4.2 is a comparison
between the levels of carbon emissions estimated ina single trip using rail based transportation and othermodes of transportation taking into consideration thesame passenger capacity.
To transport the same number of passengers, 49 cars areneeded on the road which will contribute up to 20 times
more in terms of carbon emissions as compared to rail
based transportation.
Motorcycle use is estimated to involve 122 motorcycles
and this will contribute carbon emission 16 times morethan rail based transportation.
Table 4.2: Comparison of the levels of carbon emission between
rail based transport to other transport mode.
Rail

Car

Motorcycle

Maximum Capasity(passenger)244(1)

52

kgCO2/km(2)

1.57

0.64

0.21

Estimated kgCO2/
km in one trip

1.57

31.36(3)25.62(4)Notes:(1): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KL_Monorail (48 seated; 196 in standing)(2): PGC2025: Baseline & preliminary study team(3): equivalent to 49 cars
(4): equivalent to 122 motorcycles

Figure 4.1: Planned Rail Based Transportation Routes and the locations Park and Ride facilities in Putrajaya

ii. Park and Ride Facilities
To support the use of public transportation such as Nadi
Putra buses and rail based transport in the future, sevenpark and ride locations have been identified, namely inPrecinct 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 17. Up until now, only twopark and ride facilities located at Precinct 7 (Putrajaya
Sentral) and Precinct 14 are developed. In general, twotypes of park and ride facilities provided are in the formof a multi storey parking facilities and an open air parking
facilities.

In the future, in the case where the policy to restrain
private vehicles from entering into the city center during
peak hours are enforced in Putrajaya, the constructionof the other planned park and ride facilities should be
implemented in line with these policies.

An affordable fee of RM2 per entry is charged for the use of the park and ride facilities.

Open air park and ride facilities at Putrajaya Sentral

33

A total of 1407 units of car park spaces are provided in a multi storey park and ride facilities at the Integrated Transportation Terminal,
Putrajaya Sentral and it was opened to the public in February 201134

iii. Integrated Transportation Terminal

35

One of the important components in the planning of an
integrated transportation network is the development ofa strategically located integrated transportation terminal
to enable a quick and efficient transition between
various transportation modes.

Putrajaya Sentral, located at Precinct 7 integrates varioustransportation modes including the Express Rail Links,
intra-city buses (Nadi Putra), inter-city buses, taxis, Express
buses and free shuttle services to the Putrajaya Hospital.

The condition at Putrajaya Sentral, equipped with various
facilities, mode of transportation such as taxi, Nadi Putra Public
Buses and Express BusesFree shuttle services are also provided by Putrajaya Hospital at
Putrajaya Sentral

A comfortable and spacious bus waiting area is provided

Provision of shops, stalls and public toilets for public convenienceat Putrajaya Sentral.

The development Putrajaya Sentral facility has
encouraged the development of other public facilities
in its vicinity such as the Putrajaya Hospital, theNational Cancer Institute and high density residential
developments such as the affordable apartments at
Precinct 9.
The integrated transportation terminal which has
been in operational since July 2002 is the main public

	
  
	
  

	
  

transportation node connecting visitors from outside of
Putrajaya as well as Putrajaya residents to the surrounding
areas. Based on the record of the number of passengers
from the Express Rail Link Sdn Bhd., since 2005, thenumber of passengers transiting at Putrajaya Sentral
ERL station showed an increasing trend. Up to the endof 2011, transit ridership at the ERL station of Putrajaya
Sentral has recorded a total of 1,813,182 passengers.

Figure	  4.2:	
  Total	
  Annual	
  number	
  of	
  Passengers	
  at	
  ERL	
  Station,	
  Putrajaya	
  Sentral	
  	
  
	
  
Figure 4.2: Total Annual number of Passengers
at ERL Station, Putrajaya Sentral

	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  

	
  

The view at the Putrajaya Sentral ERL Station

36

4.2
Environmental Friendly Public
Bus Service – Nadi Putra
The provision of a public bus service,
Nadi Putra where the fleet is powered bynatural gas, is an important step by PJC
in providing low carbon transport services
in Putrajaya. GHG emission using naturalgases is 20% - 30% less compared todiesel (http://www.ngvc.org). In addition,
the ability for public buses to cater fora larger number of passengers per trip
not only reduces travel trip generation
but also reduces traffic congestion. The
advantage of the public bus service
compared to rail based transportation is
the implementation and operation costs
are relatively lower. Through this, PJC isable to implement a variety of efforts toimprove the quality of public bus services
to local residents and visitors.
Various efforts have been carried out by
the Transport and Traffic Section of PJC toachieve the target of the transportation
policy of 70:30 modal split between public
transportation and private transportation,
particularly to increase in the number ofpassengers using public buses, Nadi Putra.
These include:

Nadi Putra Bus which charges a fare of 50sen a trip is getting increasingly popularamong the residents of Putrajaya.

i. increasing the number of buses;
ii. increasing the frequency of buses;iii. Government subsidised bus fare;iv. providing additional bus routes;
v. management of public bus services.

Long Buses
Mini Buses

37

Maximum No of passengers:: 63 people (40 seated; 23 standing): 40 people(25 seated; 15 standing)Table 4.3 summarizes the progressof the bus operation from 2008
until 2011 that has seen theincrease in the number of buses
made available and bus routes.
Annualpassenger
numbersincreased by 67% within the 4
years.
The increase in the use of Nadi
Putra public buses is expected
to have a positive impact
in reducing the number ofprivate vehicles in the city andits resulting carbon emissions.
The comparison in terms ofcarbonemission
betweenNGV Nadi Putra buses toemissions produced by cars andmotorcycles as Table 4.4 below:
Table 4.4 indicates that totransport the maximum numberof passengers on a Nadi Putra
bus is equivalent to 13 cars on
the road with carbon emissions 13
times higher and an equivalentof 32 motorcycles with carbon
emission 10 times higher.

Table 4.3: Information on the progress of Bus Operation

Details

2008

2009

2010

2011

65

70

150

175
(including 25
Midi Buses)

12

14

18

22

Total km3,785,153

4,807,399

7,484,378

8,862,251

Number ofpassenger recorded

2,545,102

3,224,279

3,793,788

4,254,893

Number of buses
available
Number of bus
routesTable 4.4: Comparison of the level of Carbon emission of Nadi Putra to other transportation
mode

Nadi Putra(Long)

Car

Motorcycle

Maximum Capacity(passenger)

63(1)

5

2

kgCO2/km (2)

0.65

0.64

0.21

Estimated kgCO2/km in
1 trip0.65

8.32(3)6.72(4)

Notes:(1):Transport and traffic Section, PJC (40 seated; 23 standing)(2): PGC2025 baseline & preliminary study team(3): Equivalent to 13 cars
(4): Equivalent to 32 motorcycles

38

i. Dedicated Bus Lane
Putrajaya has implemented a special lane
for public buses and taxis in Precinct 1,
Putrajaya. The 3.2km dedicated bus lane
provides a smooth traffic flow for the buses tomove at a more stable speed. Studies haveindicated that factors such as vehicle speed
and traffic conditions can affect the levels ofcarbon emissions into the air.
According to a study ‘Traffic Congestion andGreen House Gases’ by Matthew Barth andKanok Boriboonsomin, carbon emissions arealso closely related to the average vehicle
speed factor. In a congestion, the vehicles
will experience ‘stop-and-go’ condition
with the carbon emissions per kilometer is
expected to be high. If the vehicles are
moving at a high speed, more fuel is required
and the resulting carbon emissions are also
expected to be high.
Based on the above two conditions, thestudy found that vehicles moving at a
steady average speed of between 40
and 60mph will be able to reduce carbon Dedicated bus and taxi routes marked with yellow lines and proper signage foremissions. Figure 4.2 shows a histogram that
other vehicles
is generated based on the vehicle speed as Figure	
  4.2:	
  The	
  reduction	
  of	
  Carbon	  Emissions	
  based	  on	
  the	
  vehicles’	
  speed	
  Figure 4.2: The reduction of Carbon Emissions based on the vehicles’ speed
compared to carbon emissions.
	
  

	
  

Dedicated lanes provided for public	  transportations are not only able to increase	  the effectiveness of Nadi Putra’s operation
but also help to control carbon 	   emissions	  from these buses.

	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  

	
  
Source: Traffic Congestion and Green House Gases, Matthew Barth and Kanok
Source:	   Traffic	
   Congestion	
   and	   Green	
   House	
   Gases,	
   Matthew	
   Barth	
   and	   Kanok	
  Boriboonsomin..

Boriboonsomin.	
  
39

	
  

ii. Public Bus Management System
Recognising the important role of public bus services
in reducing carbon emissions from the transportation
sector, it is important to ensure the increase use of Nadi
Putra buses from year to year. As such, a public bus
management system that aims to improve the ease ofuse of public buses is important towards this aim.

SVMS that has been installed at a bus stop near PJC Complex.

Although the effectiveness of programmes implemented
under the management of the public bus system cannot
be measured quantitatively in terms of its impact incarbon emission reduction, it has a co-benefit particularly
in terms of reduction in the number of vehicle and single
occupancy trips.
Among the programmes to improve the public bus
management system implemented by the Transport andTraffic Section are as following:a. Installation of GPS and GPRS on board Nadi
Putra buses- allows recording of data of buses, drivers,
		 operating routes, schedule service, bus		 routes, passengers number, bus location and		 the bus speed.
b. Display of bus information via the installation
SVMS and plasma display at the bus stops- provides bus arrival information and real-time		 bus departures for passengers.
c. Electronic Ticketing System- cash and card based (KADPutra) fare		 collection service systems- facilitate ticketing transactions consolidated
		 in a centralised computer system.
d. Introduction of KADPutra card system- facilitate fares payment for those using the		 bus services daily- Passengers to get a discount on bus fares as		 compared to cash payments.

A plasma display panel at the Prime Minister Department OfficeComplex40

Public Pay Parking at Complex E
41

4.3

Public Pay Parking

The various initiatives in the form of incentives to promote the use of public transportation should be supported with
programs to restrict the use of private transport, especially in the city centre.
The main measure undertaken is to start charging for the use of public parking spaces. These include areas neargovernment office complexes:
i. Complex B
ii. Complex Ciii. Complex E
iv. Putrajaya Corporation Complex
It is important to restrict the use of private vehicles, especially for Putrajaya residents working in Putrajaya and if this is
not taken seriously by all parties, it will be an obstacle to the efforts carried out to improve the Nadi Putra bus service
as well as the use of park and ride facilities provided.

Public Pay Parking, at Putrajaya Corporation Complex

42

4.4

Bike Rental Program

A comprehensive network of pedestrian walkways
and bicycle infrastructure planned for Putrajaya has
made it easier for the implementation of a bike rental
program. ‘Rent-a-Bike’ programme initially provided in
Putrajaya’s metropolitan parks such as the wetland parkand botanical park is to enable the parks visitors to enjoy
the beauty of nature without the interference of motor
vehicles.

Startingfrom 2012, in line with the Putrajaya low carbon
green city aim, the bike rental program has been
extended to the city centre area Three rental centers areprovided at the I-centre of Dataran Putra, the Putrajaya
Sentral and Putrajaya Corporation Complex with 100 unitsof bicycles available for rental.

Two bicycle rental center at Dataran Putra and Putrajaya Corporation Complex.

Bike rental rates are based on the type of bicycles andthe day of the week. Table 4.5 summarizes the rental

rates charged. Rental deposit of only RM50.00 is imposedon all types of bikes.

Table 4.5: Bicycle Rental Rate based on the type of bicycles

Type of bicycle

43

Rental rates (one hour or part of it)
Week Days

Sat, Sun , Public Holiday

Mountain Bike (adults&children)

RM 4.00

RM 6.00

Tandem Bike

RM 7.00

RM 10.00

Post Bicycle

RM 4.00

RM 6.00

4.5

Pilot Project – Proton Hybrid Car

The Fleet Test Vehicles (FTV) programme is a pilot project to test the rolling out of Proton hybrid cars. In addition to theintroduction of vehicles, this program is also to test the implementation of charging stations for the hybrid cars.
In Putrajaya, 6 government agencies involved in this fleet test program, namely:i. Prime Minister’s Officeii. Perdana Leadership Foundationiii. Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA)
iv. Transportation Ministryv. Ministry of Financevi. Putrajaya Corporation
Each of the above agencies has been allocated a hybrid car (Exora model or Saga Model) and each agencies areprovided with temporary charging stations throughout the test period. Records and the results of this test programme
are expected to help improve the national automotive industry manufacturing of hybrid car technology.

Hybrid car Exora model provided to PJC for testing

Temporary charging station is provided within the PJC complex
area.

44

5.0 ENERGY USAGE

5.0

ENERGY USAGE

Resources to generate electricity in Malaysia
are dominated by non-renewable natural
resources such as fossil fuels. Based on thestatistics by the Energy Commission in 2010,
the reliance on fossil fuels in the electricity
supply industry was about 90%. The use of
the natural resources in energy supply is also
one of the main causes of greenhouse gas
emissions (GHG) into the atmosphere.
According to the ‘Malaysia’s Second
National Communication (NC2)’ report,
the inventory of carbon emissions in theyear 2000 in 10 sectors also found that theenergy supply industry generates the highest
percentage of carbon with 35%, followed by
the transportation sector with 21%. This clearlyshows that the high energy consumption ofelectricity would increase carbon emissions.
Dependence on non-renewable natural
resources such as oil and gas which is
now being enjoyed by Malaysia will be a
critical issue if not addressed immediately.
Power generation will be critical in the
future and Malaysia’s rich resources ofalternative renewable energy (renewableenergy resources) such as solar, hydro andbiomass energy should be exploited fully
for the purpose of power generation andthis will directly help solve the problem
of environmental pollution and carbon
emissions.

Chart 5.1: Generating Capacity by Fuel TypePetroleum48.96%

Coal
14.56%

Diesel
2.42%
Gas
28.61%

Others0.16%

Hydro
4.01%

Biomass
1.27%

Source: Report on Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia, 2010

Chart 5.2: Source of Main Carbon (CO2) Emissions for Year 2000

The following are some initiatives for theincrease of energy efficiency and usage of
renewable energy.
Source: Malaysia’s Second National Communication (NC2) to the UNFCC

46

5.1


47



Improvement of Energy Efficiency
   



Design, construction materials, buildings location and the
Rekaofbentuk,
bahan appliances
binaan, kedudukanbangunandanuse
EE electricalare amongthe factors
penggunaan
peralatan
EE ofantara
faktor-faktor
that
influence theenergy elektrik
efficiency
a building.
yang mempengaruhi kecekapan tenaga sesebuah
bangunan.
The
City Development Department of PPj has alreadybegun initiatives to ‘retrofit’ Putrajaya Corporation’s
i. Jabatan
Pembangunan
Bandar,PPj throughtelah punbuilding
complexes
on a small
scale
the
PHPXODNDQLQLVLDWLI XQWXN ¶UHWURÀW·  EDQJXQDQ NRPSOHNV
following
programmes:
Perbadanan Putrajaya melalui program-program berskala
kecil seperti berikut:

a. The use of energy saving and more environmentallya. Penggunaan
lebih
mesra
friendly
lights suchlampu
as LEDjimat
and tenaga
T6. Thesedan
types
of lighting
alamsaveseperti
LED danKedua-dua
lampu
tersebutcan
30%-60%asT6.
compared
to jenisnormalfluorescentmampu
memberitenaga elektrik sebanyak
lamps.
The
locationspenjimatan
involved are:
EHUEDQGLQJ
ÁXRUHVFHQW
Concourse
levelODPSX
car park(T6 lights). ELDVD /RNDVL
lokasiterlibatadalahseperti:- yangTanjung
Meeting
Rooms(LED).

sebagaialternatif
kepadalampu
LEDT6Lampu
lights asT6an
alternative
to LEDas the costis lesser.
memandangkan kosnya lebih rendah

Bilik Mesyuarat
Tanjungyang
telah
digantikan
lampu
Tanjung
Meeting Room
which
has
been
refitted with
LEDLED
lights.

- tempat letak kenderaan, aras concourse(lampu T6).
- Bilik Mesyuarat Tanjung (LED)b. Pemasangan
di atasbangunan
Installation ofpanel
solarsolar
panelson bumbung
the roof ofblock Cblok
C untuk
membekalkanelektrikbagi
lampu-lampu
dibuilding
to provide
electricity
for thelightsin the block
tanggakecemasan
blok
C (aras9).
C emergency
staircase(levels
1 to1 hingga
9).

Bangunan
Blok C, PPj
Kompleks
PPj
Block C Building,Complex

SolarSolar
panel
2kW
2kW
panelsc. Green Server Farm, PPj.
c. Green Server Farm, PPj
Bermula pertengahan bulan Julai 2012, server farm
Beginning from mid-July 2012, the Corporation server
Perbadanan telah dipindahkan ke ruang baru dari tingkat
farm has moved to a new space from level 6 to level 5
6 ketingkat5, BlokA. Pembinaan
farm baru
at
Block
A. Theconstructionof aserver
new server
farminiis juga
alsomenerapkan ciri-cirihijauseperti:incorporating
green teknologi
technology
featuressuch as:environmentally
partitionwall material
a.a.
bahan
‘partition wall’friendly
yang mesra
alam (ceilingQueen(ceiling Queen Energy Board) and can help save
Energy Board) dan membantu menjimatkan tenaga
energy based on its ability as a heat insulator
elektrikberdasarkan
sebagai
penebat(heat/ thermalkeupayaannya
insulation), rapid
temperature
habadrop(heat/thermal
insulation),penurunansuhu
yang(fast cooling
effect) andability tomaintainroom
temperature(goodsustaining
for room
cepat(fast cooling
effect) dan
dapat
mengekalkansuhu
temperature).
bilik yang baik (good sustaining for room temperature).

Energyboardenergy
yang paperlessini menggantikan
paper-basedThis
paperlessboard replaces
the paper-based
gypsumgypsumboard mengurangkan
pertumbuhan
kulatofmelaluiboard
and reducesmold growth throughabsorption
excessive
penyerapan kelembapan
bilikyang berlebihan.
moisture in the
room.


48

»T6Penggunaan
lampusaving
jimat tenaga
and LED electricity
lights elektrik T6 dan LED

penghawa dingin
mesra
tanpa pelepasan-» Sistem
Environmentallyfriendly
air alamconditioning
system
without
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emission

b. Conversion of energy-saving lights are also carriedb. Penukaran lampu jenis jimat tenaga juga dilaksanakan
out in public areas such as at the following
di kawasan awam seperti lokasi-lokasi berikut:
locations:i. Jambatan
Seri Wawasan,
Saujana- Seri Wawasan,
Seri Seri
Saujana
anddanSeri Gemilang
Seri Gemilang
Bridgesii. Laman
BungaBunga
Raya Raya- Laman

Lampu
T6 in
di allsetiapkoridorfarm
T6 lights
serverfarm server
corridors.

Lampu
LED foruntuk
lampu kecemasan
LED lights
all emergency
lights.

49Laman Bunga
bungaRaya
raya
Laman

Seri Saujana Bridge

c. The uses of energy saving light bulbs are also used in new projects under the control of PPj such as small businessc.
Penggunaan
lampu jimat
tenagacomplex.
juga diutamakan kios-kios perniagaan berhadapan kompleks Perbadanan
kiosksnear the Putrajaya
Corporation
dalam projek-projek baru di bawah kawalan PPj seperti Putrajaya.

Kios-kios
di depankompleks
PPj telah
dipasangkan
denganlampu
LEDdan T6.
Smallperniagaan
business kiosks
near thePPj complexes
havebeen fittedwith LED
and T6lights.

5.2
5.2

The Use of Renewable
Penggunaan
Sumber Energy
Tenaga Boleh Diperbaharui (Renewable Energy)

Based on the report on the Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia - performance and statistical information, 2010, it
tidak mempunyai
aktiviti
berskala sectors
besar,
Berdasarkan
hasil
was found thatthelaporanhighest Industri
sales of Pembekalanelectricity areElektrik
to the industrial,commercial
and perindustrian
domestic (household)pengurangan
keperluantenagadari
sumbertidak
diMalaysia–
maklumatprestasidanstatistik
2010,
since 2006. In Putrajaya, where there are no large-scale industrial activities, reduction of energy requirementsboleh
fromnon-renewable
can be yang
carriedout throughthe implementationof Building
Integrated
Photovoltaic sistem(BIPV)
diperbaharui boleh
dijalankan
melalui pelaksanaan
didapati
jualan resources
tenaga elektrik
tertinggi
adalahsystems. sektor industri, komersil dan domestik (isi rumah) photovoltaic bersepadu dalam bangunan (Building
kepadasemenjak tahun 2006 (rujuk Carta 5.3). Di Putrajaya yang Integrated Photovoltaic).

51

51

Chart 5.3: Electricity Sales by TNB	
  Domestic

Street lights

Industry

Commercial

Others		

Export	
  Source: Report on Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia, 2010

i. The Use of BIPV systems in residential buildings
and offices
Electricity is used for cooling purposes, lighting, the use ofelectrical appliances, water heating, cooking and so on.
The technologies for heat recovery and solar panels arealternatives to generate electricity in the building.

MiningOne of the property developers in Putrajaya, Senandung
Budiman Sdn. Bhd. have already taken the initiative to
integrate the use of solar energy resources in the designof buildings through the BIPV system.
a. a.

11.88 kWp BIPV system for commercial buildings

Danau Point office complex, Precinct 16.

52

b. 5.4kWp
systemfor residentialbuildings.
b.
5.4kWp BIPV
sistemBIPV untuk
bangunan
kediaman.

Bungalows,
PrecinctRumahbanglo,Presint16.
16

of 5MW
Solar
Power
ii. Proposed
CadanganConstruction
Pembinaan StesenJanaelektrik
Solar 5MW
StationPPj telah meluluskan cadangan pembangunan stesen
PPJ has approved the proposal for the development ofjanasolarby5MW(solar Nasional
farm) oleh
Tenaga5MW elektrik
solar farm
TenagaBerhadin Nasional
Precinct
11. The diproposal
in line withnationaltoBerhadPresint 11.is Cadangan
ini theadalahselarastarget
denganincrease the amount of energy generated from solar
sasaran negara untuk meningkatkan tenaga yangsources to 65MW by 2015 (Source: TNB-Energy services).
dihasilkan dari sumber solar sehingga 65MW menjelangtahun 2015 (sumber: TNB-Energy services).

The areas
willmendapat
receive thesumber
solar energy
resourcesare
Kawasanyangthatbakal
tenagasolar ini adalah
Presint
7 hingga
11.
Precincts
7 to 11.

53
53

Figure 5.1: Location plan of the Proposed 5MW Solar Farm, Precinct 11
Rajah 5.1: Pelan lokasi Cadangan Solar Farm 5MW, Presint 11

The Tapak
proposedsite forafarm
22-acrefarm.
cadangansolarseluassolar
22 ekar

iii. Pilot Projectsiii. Projek-projek Perintis
a. Busstop, PPjbas,
Complexa.
Perhentian
Kompleks PPj
Joint venture
betweenPutrajaya Corporation
Projekusahaprojectsama diantara the
Perbadanan
Putrajaya &and Malaysia Green Technology Corporation. Installation
Malaysia Green Technology Corporation. Pemasanganof solar panels to the bus stop will supply electricity tosolar panel perhentian bas ini untuk membekalkan tenaga
the lights in the bus stop. Each solar panel can supply
elektrik kepada lampu-lampu di perhentian bas tersebut.
110watts of power.
Setiap solar panel dapat membekalkan tenaga elektrik
110watt.

Onlysahaja
LED lights
are usedpada
at thisbus stop. bas ini.
Lampu LED
digunakan
perhentian55

55

b. Park lighting with solar-wind hybrid systemb. Lampu taman dengan sistem hibrid solar-angin
Park light powered with the hybrid solar-wind system are installed at the waterfront area near the New Millennium
Lampu berkuasa hibrid solar-angin ini dipasangkan di kawasan sisiran tasik berdekatan struktur monumen alaf baru,
Monument, Precinct 2.
Presint 2.

DaytimeKeadaan
siang

5.3
5.3

Nighttime
Keadaanmalam

Legislation andDasar
Policies(Regulatory
Framework)
Perundangan,dan
Polisi (Regulatory
Framework)

Syaratdan keperluan
baru telah muladitambahkan
pembangunan
PPjby
iaitu
penggunaan
New conditions
and requirements
wereintroduceddalamfor thepermohonan
approval forkelulusan
development
applications
PPj.
The use of
lampu
pejalanpedestriankaki jenis jimat
tenagadijadikansebagaiin syarat
teknikalfor
yang
perlu
oleh pemaju sebelum
energy-saving
lights isa requirement
imposedthe approval
streetlightsdipatuhi
installation.
Kelulusan Jalan (Lampu jalan dan Lampu isyarat) boleh diberikan.

566.0 WATER USAGE

WATER USAGE

Water is a vital resource for the survival humanand other flora and fauna. As such it needs to beconserved as to address the water supply shortage.
Water sources are often polluted causing theshortage of water resources available to be treatedfor our daily consumption.
Based on the Environmental Quality Report 2010
statistics, the total number of rivers with clean status
has dropped to 293 compared to 306 in 2009; while
the number of polluted rivers has increased to 74
compared with 54 in 2009 (refer to Chart 6.1). The
major sources of pollution have been identified aseffluence from sewage treatment plants and agrobased industries.
Actions to ensure that pollution from the dischargeof sewage treatment plants should be given priority
in the implementation of green city initiatives.
The water supply shortage situation will become
more serious in the event of loss of water or nonrevenue water (NRW) before the treated water canbe supplied to the consumers. In Malaysia, the NRW
issue is not only a waste of clean water but also
result in monetary losses.
The data from the National Water Services
Commission (SPAN) and the Association of Water
and Energy Research Malaysia (AWER) clearly shows
the loss (see Table 6.1).

	  Chart 6.1: River Water Quality Trends in Malaysia (2005-2010)

400
NumberofSungaiRiversBilangan	
  

6.0

338

368

335

334

306

300

200

90

100
0

180

166

2005

164

58

2006
Clean

2007

217

197

48

293

74

54

48

2008

203

2009

Slightly	
  Polluted

2010

Polluted

Source: Environmental Quality Report, 2010	
  Table 6.1: Summary of Average Rate of NRW and Estimated Financial
Losses

Year

2008

2009

2010

2011

NRW (%)(1)

36.93

36.63

36.37

36.70

RM162

RM163

RM174

No
information

Estimated
Financial
Lossescaused by
NRW (RM
million)(2)Source: (1): www.span.gov.my(2): Press release, January 5, 2012, Association of Water and		
Energy Research Malaysia

58

The issue of water loss also occurs in Putrajaya,
where, based on data supplied by Syabas in the PJC
MURNInet study, the NRW rate is between 10.8% and13.4% from 2009 to 2011 (see Table 6.2). This problem
may be due to leakage of water pipes. If the NRW
rate is increasing in Putrajaya, it directly resulted inwastage of water supply and indirectly increases
carbon emissions in the process of treating water.
It was observed that the use of water recorded in2011 has decreased by 0.96% compared to 2010;
whilst, the volume of treated water produced
increased by 3.05%. This indicates that more energy
is used to generate the volume of water that is not
used by the end users. To address the issue of NRW,
water utility companies should play their role inthe maintenance of leaking pipes or enforcement
against water theft.
PJC has also implemented water saving initiatives
through actions such as the re-use of treated sewage
water and the use alternative sources of water froma large-scale rain water harvesting system throughthe creation of a large artificial lake. Water-saving
awareness campaigns should be increased as therate of water consumption per capita in Putrajaya isquite high.

Table 6.2: Water loss rate in Putrajaya, 2009-2011

Year

2009

2010

2011

The amountof treatedwater
generated(m3)

17,619,149

18,801,456

19,375,275

The amountof waterusedofficially(m3)

15,714,618

16,946,883

16,784,325

NRW (m3)

1,904,531

1,854,573

2,590,950

NRW (%)

10.8

9.9

13.4

Source: Bandar Sejahtera Putrajaya Reports) 2009, 2010 & 2011

Table 6.3: Comparison of Domestic Daily Water Consumption in
Putrajaya, 2009-2011

Domestic Water Consumption (litre/day/person)
Year

Putrajaya(1)Malaysia(2)

2009

236

-

2010

368

-

2011

351

203

World HealthOrganization(WHO)(3)165

Source:(1): Laporan Bandar Sejahtera Putrajaya (Putrajaya Harmonious
City Report)(2): www.kettha.gov.my(3): www.merdekareview.com/bm/news

59

6.1

Water Quality Control

The control of the water quality of rivers and lakes of
Putrajaya is important as the river that flows throughthe Putrajaya becomes the source from where water
is treated in the downstream water treatment plants.
At the same time Putrajaya Lake is also used as avenue for a variety of water sports activities.
In general, point source pollution of water iscontrolled using Gross Pollutant Traps (GPT) and thewater quality control of discharges from sewage
treatment plants (STP). The Wetlands also serve as amechanism for the final stage in the management ofwater quality where it can assist in further filtration toensure water quality.

Table 6.4: Basic Information on Centralised Sewage Treatment Plant

STP Number

Site Area(1)

PE(2)

Total
Daily
Discharge(3)STP1, Pre 14

1.8 hectare

100,000

6,750m3

6.6 hectare

Phase 1:300,000
Phase 2:300,000

48,000m3

STP2, Pre 5

Source:(1) Pre-Calculation Plan
(2) PB Development Proposal Report(3) Source: Environmental, Lakes & Wetlands Division

i. Centralised Sewerage System
In the Putrajaya Master Plan, the provision fora centralized sewerage system that utilises anactivated sludge treatment process has been
proposed. The quality of effluent from sewage
treatment plants in Putrajaya must comply withStandard A, Second Schedule of the Regulationsof the Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations
2009, the Environmental Quality Act, 1974 to preventthe discharge from polluting Ayer Hitam and Langat
rivers.
To date, two centralized sewage treatment plant(STP) has been developed and operated in Putrajaya
as shown in Table 6.4.

Based on Wastewater Discharge Quality Report ‘, discharge fromboth STPs has complied with Standard A as required.

60

ii. The Use of Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT)

Figure 6.1: Examples of Typical Design Structure of CDS Type GPTThe main function of the GPT is to help control water 	  quality to avoid point source gross pollutants particularly,
from flowing into the drainage system. In Putrajaya, GPT is
used as a mechanism to control quality of the lake water.
A total of 392 units of GPT were approved for construction
and 353 units have been constructed. Maintenance workis carried out as often as 3 to 4 times a year. Overall, there
are four types of GPT used in Putrajaya:-

Conventional
EcosolCleansallContinuos Deflective Separation (CDS)	  Refuse trapped in GPT in the process of being cleared out

62

Wetland Putrajayaiii. Putrajaya
Wetland
The
Putrajaya
ankira-kiraarea 200ofKawasanwetlandwetland
Putrajayawith
seluasapproximately
200
hectaresact
asa
filtration
hektar ini bertindak sebagai sistem penapisan bagi
system for Chuau and Bisa rivers before it enters
air Sungai Chuau dan Sungai Bisa sebelum ianya
the Putrajaya lake system. The Putrajaya wetland
memasuki
Putrajaya.
Rekabentukisdesignedsistemusing tasik
the multi-cellandmulti-stage
wetland Putrajaya
menggunakan
konsep‘multiconcept,
comprisingof six arms and
24 wetland
cells
separatedby weirs.
cell’ dan‘multi-stage’yang terdiri daripada enam‘arms’ serta 24 sel wetland yang diasingkan oleh
tebatan-tebatan batu (weir).

Rajah 6.2:
6.2: Putrajaya
Wetland Putrajaya
FigureWetlands	
  Jadual:6.5:Basic
Maklumat
Asas Kawasan
Wetland
Putrajaya
Table 6.5:
Informationof Putrajaya
Wetlands
Area
Kawasan

Area

Zone
Zone
ofof
KawasanOpen Weir
Weir
Maintenance
Plants Open
& & Intermittent Maintenancetumbuhan water
Island Intermittent
tracksinundation
Area water Island
tracksinundation

The condition
Keadaanofdiwetland
sel-sel cells

KeluasanArea(hektar)(hectare)JumlahTotal
tumbuhanwetlandwetlandplants

77.70
77.70

76.80 9.60
9.60
76.80

23.70
23.70

41
spesies
41 spesies
41 species

Sumber:Environment,
Bahagian Alam
Sekitar,Tasik &Division
Wetland
Source:Lakes& Wetlands

63

9.40
9.40

	
  

6.2

Performance of Lake Water Quality Index

Through various initiatives and mechanisms that was
carried out by PJC in controlling water quality, agood water quality index for the lakes and rivers has
successfully been recorded over time. This can be seen

through the water quality index readings taken from inlet
streams flowing into Putrajaya, the Putrajaya lake as wellas the outlet outside the border of Putrajaya.

Table 6.6: Comparison of River Water Quality Index

Location
River Chuau Inlet
Lake Water
Outlet after Putrajaya Dam

River & Lake Water Quality Index
2009
81.2 (Class II)
93.4 (Class I)

83.5 (Class II)

2010

2011

82.9 (Class II)

83.8 (Class II)

93.9 (Class I)

93.5 (Class I)

83.42 (Class II)

85.0 (Class II)

Source: Environment, Lakes & Wetlands Division

6.3

Alternative Water Resources

As a city with planned with ample green spaces andparks of (approximately 1,356.97 hectares) (Inspection
Report of Putrajaya Draft Structure Plan), the need
for water for landscape irrigation is estimated in the
Putrajaya Drainage Master Plan at 18.1 million litres/day.
To meet the needs of high water, the PJC has been using
alternative water sources to reduce its dependency
on the use of treated water for landscape irrigation
purposes.

i. Putrajaya Lake
The 400-hectare man-made Putrajaya Lake isthe main alternative source of water for various
purposesperforming as large scale rainwater harvesting
system for the city.
For the purposes of landscape irrigation, a total of 7
water pump houses and 11 intake points were plannedalong the lake waterfront area (Figure 6.3). To date, fourpump houses were constructed. Details of coveragearea and water requirements of each pump house are
as shown in Table 6.7.

64

Table 6.7: Pump House Information and Coverage Areas for Irrigation

Pump House

Precinct 18

Precinct 4

Precinct 19

Precinct 6

Precinct 2

	
  

65

Water
Requirement(m3/day)

Coverage Area

Area
(m2)

Lake Waterfront P18

42,900.00

75.00

P18 Streets

206,600.00

207.00Lake Waterfront 3 & 4

107,500.00

187.00

Persiaran Perdana Precinct 3 & 4

173,200.00

50.75

Precinct 3 & 4 Streets

464,000.00

241.00Irrigation Area(m2)(1)

Road Reserve (R8B)

71,334.00

10,70067.41

Road Reserve (R8C)

162,613

24,392

153.67Park (LK4 East)

15,331.20

2,299.70

14.49

Road Buffer

374,232.00

56,135.00

168.30Putrajaya International Convention
Centre (PICC)

194,199.60

29,129.90

183.50Lake Waterfront

45,296.60

6,794.50

9.90

Park (LK4 west)

30,480.00

4,572.00

55.50

Maritime Centre

20,643.60

3,096.50

45.00

Alam Warisan

29,777.80

4,466.70

36.00

Putrajaya Water Sports Complex

20,411.40

3,061.70

19.30

Lake Waterfront Precinct 2678,500.00

1,966.00

Persiaran Perdana Precinct 278,300.00

117.00Source: Proposed Development Reports*approximately 15% of the land requires irrigation	  Figure 6.3: Location of Water Pump Houses along the Putrajaya Waterfront

	
  

J 	
   A
	
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A 	
  
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Salah satu fungsi utama tasik Putrajaya adalah bagi tujuan
One of the main functions of the Putrajaya Lake is forrekreasi,
Justeru,
penggunaan
air thetasikuse
sebagairecreational
purposes.
Therefore,of lakesumber
water
air
alternatifadalahdikawaldanperlu
mendapatkan
as an alternative water source is controlled and requires
the prior approval
PJC dahulu
so as to supaya
ensure thatkelulusandari PPj fromterlebiharastheairwater
tasik
level
of
the
lake
is
maintainedat21
meters.
Records
fromsentiasa dikekalkan pada aras 21 meter. Rekod dari tahun2009 to 2011 shows that 117,034,000 litres of lake water
2009 hingga 2011, menunjukkan kuantiti pengambilan
has been approved for extraction for various purposes.
air tasik yang diluluskan sebagai untuk pelbagai tujuan
kegunaanadalahsebanyakliter. approved
Based on thevolumeof lake117,034,000
water extraction
in 2009 to 2011, a comparison was made based on thefollowing twoisiaspects:
Berdasarkan
padu pengambilan air tasik yang diluluskan- Savings on the expenses to be paid if the sameantara tahun 2009 hingga 2011, satu perbandingan telahvolume of water is used from treated water sources as
dibuatberdasarkan
aspek
berikut:
comparedto thedua
RM500
annualpermit;penjimatanperbelanjaan
yang perlu
dibayar- -Thesavings on thevolume of treatedwater resulting
from the useof theairlakewater
is equivalentthesekiranya
isi paduyang
samadigunakanto dariannual water
usageberbandingof residents.dengan kadar permit
sumberair dirawat
tahunan RM500;- penjimatan isi padu air dirawat hasil daripada
penggunaan
tasikLaketersebutbersamaan
denganTable
6.8: Benefits airof Using
Water asan Alternative
Water
Resourcesebilangan penduduk.
bekalan air tahunan kepada
Item

2009

2010

2011

Jadual 6.8: Faedah Penggunaan Air Tasik Sebagai
Approved
Sumber Air Alternatif

Annual Lake
PerkaraWater
Intake(litre)Pengambilan Air

Tasik Tahunan
Annualpermitsyang
Diluluskan
rate
(RM)
(liter)32,886,0002009

32,484,000
2010

51,664,000
2011

32,886,000

32,484,000

51,664,000

Savings Against

Kadar permit
The Usetahunan(RM)ofTreated Water(1)
Resources
Penjimatan (RM)
Ber-

RM500

RM500

RM52,946.46 RM52,885.28 RM83,179.04

banding Pengequals:
YearlySumber
Water RM52,946.46
gunaan(2)444
personConsumption
Air Dirawat (RM)

equals:
RM52,885.28

438 person

equals:
RM83,179.04
696 person

(1)

note:
(1) Based on the government department rate of RM1.61/m3.
bersamaan:
Penggunaan
Air(2)
Estimated basedon the averagebersamaan:
daily domesticbersamaan:water
444 (203litre/person)orang
438 orang
Tahunan(2) of Malaysia
consumption
x 365 days.696 orangnota:(1) Berdasarkan Kadar jabatan kerajaan RM1.61/m3.
(2) Anggaran berdasarkan purata penggunaan air hariandomestik Malaysia (203liter/orang) x 365 hari .



67Secara umumnya, air tasik Putrajaya diambil untuk
Generally, the Putrajaya lake water taken for a variety ofpelbagaikegunaan seperti berikut:uses
as follows:a)Pengairan kawasan landskap;a) Irrigationof dilandscapearea; pembangunan;b)
Kegunaanpejabat tapak
b)
For
use
at
the
site
offices;c)
Kegunaan pembersihan dan penyemburan /c) For cleaning and spraying / ‘wash through’;‘wash through’;d) For the control of dust and dirt on the road;d)pengawalan
debu
dan
habuk
atas
e) Forcleaning ofdrainsandsiltation
injalan;the 		e)Kerja-kerja pembersihan
kelodak longkang		
construction
area.
longkang dan di persekitaran kawasan kerja.

ii. Utilization of Treated Wastewater
The Putrajaya Drainage Master Plan has identified
treated wastewater as one of the potential source water
for irrigation of landscaped areas. Currently, treatedwastewaters from STPs are reused for landscape wateringand for general cleansing purposes in the STP area only.

6.4
Legislation and Policies (Regulatory
Framework)
PJC has adopted the Guidelines on Rain Water
Harvesting and Utilization System (SPAH) in Putrajaya.
New conditions have been included in the approvals of
the Planning Permission for Building Erection for detachedand semi-detached houses.

“Need recommendations for Rain Water Collection
and Utilization System (SPAH) for the development ofthese houses in the submission of an application for the
Planning Permission for Building Erection.”687.0 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

7.0

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Referring to the Malaysia’s Second
National

Communication(NC2)

report, the solid waste is the second
largestsectorcontributingtoChart 7.1: Percentage of GHG Emissions by Sector, 2000

	
  greenhouse gases (GHG) in Malaysia
after the energy sector. The Inventory
in the NC2 report shows that, about
12% of GHG are from the solid waste
sector. The main GHG emission fromthis sector is methane.
Methanecontentisthehighest

GHG

after

secondcarbon,accounting for 24% of total GHG in
Malaysia according to the inventory	
   Source: Malaysia’s Second National Communication (NC2) report

Chart 7.2: Leading Sources of Methane Gas Emissions

for year 2000. These gases are mostly
released from solid waste disposal
landfills sites. In the case of Putrajaya,
solid waste is sent out to landfills in
Tanjung 12, Kuala Langat which islocated about 30km away from thecity. In the effort to achieve a low
carbon green city status, PJC has
undertaken various initiatives aimed
at reducing the amount of solid waste
finally disposed at the Tanjung 12

Source: Malaysia’s Second National Communication (NC2) report

landfill.

70

7.1
7.1

Provision of Kemudahan
Recycling Facilities
Penyediaan
Kitar Semula

Various facilities/services
are provided by thetelah
PJC
Pelbagaikemudahan/perkhidmatanthrough the City Cleanliness Control Division todisediakanoleh
PPj dan dikawal
selia oleh
Bahagianincrease thepercentageof recyclingin Putrajaya.
Among themare:
KawalanKebersihan
Bandaraya untuk meningkat
peratusan kitar semula di Putrajaya. Antaranya

i. Permanent Recycling Centres (buy backadalah:centre-BBC).

To date, there are four permanent recyclingi. Pusat Kitar Semula Tetap (buy back center-BBC).
centres provided in the peripheral precinct i.e.
Precinct 8, 9, 11 and 16.
Sehingga kini, terdapat empat pusat kitar semulabangunan tetap yang telah disediakan di empat
presint kejiranan iaitu Presint 8, 9, 11 dan 16.

Educational
facilities
are also
available
to increase
Kemudahanpendidikan
turut
disediakan
bagi
awarenessand to promote
3R activities.
meningkatkan
kesedaran
dan mempromosi
aktiviti 3R.

71

The kitarrecycling
centerin Precinct
is popularPusat
semuladi Presint
9 yang9popular
di amongst
kalanganPutrajaya
penduduk
residents.
Putrajaya.

Second-handdonated byoleh
the orang
public awam
for charity.
Pakaianterpakaiclothes
yang didermakan
untuk
jualan kebajikan.

ii. Pusat
Mobilecentres(mobile- MRCrecycling center-MRC)iv. Facilities
in Residential
Apartments
iv. Kemudahan
Di Perumahan
Pangsapuri
Kitarrecycling
Semula Bergerak
There
are dua
two MRC
MRCsyang
provided
at Precinct
11 and16 andprovided
the apartments
arepangsapuri
in metal
Kemudahan
yangindibekalkan
di kawasan
Terdapat
disediakan
di Presint
11 dan16 danFacilities
operates
onpadaSundays
onlyhariat specifictimes asfollows:
metal
containers
will be Dua
providedtoadalah Twosecarasangkarbesi (cage).
sangkarberoperasi
setiapAhad sahajadanpada waktucontainers.
the twodifferent
types
of recycled materials,•
Parcel1C Apartment,
Precinct 16, every Sunday, 9.00 separate
besi akandibekalkan
untukmengasingkan
dua jenisyang
ditetapkan
seperti berikut:a.m.
to 12.00 p.m.;namely:bahan kitar semula iaitu:
   
• hingga
at Jalan
P11A1/5,
 12.00tengahPrecinct
hari; 11, every Sunday, 1.00 p.m. • Paper;to3.00 p.m.         • Metal,
plastic
glass.

and
hingga 3.00 petang

MRC facilityMRC
at Precinct
1111
Kemudahan
di Presint

iii.
Programme(houseto housecollection)iii. Kerbside
Program Kerbside(kutipanrumah
ke rumah)Underthis program
programme,eachhousehold
was allocated
Di bawahini setiap
rumahakan diperuntukkan
dua
twoplastic
bags
to separatebahan
recyclable
jenis types
plastikofbeg
untuk
pengasingan
kitar material:
semula dari•
blue plastic bags for paper materials
rumah:•
white plastic bagsfor 
metals,plastic and glass      

The
once
a week collectionis according
to :mengikut
jadualpengumpulan
adalahschedulesehari dalamseminggu
Precinctpresint: 9: Monday
Presint 9 8,
: hari
Precinct
10, Isnin
14 & 16: Tuesday
Presint 8,11:
10,Friday
14 & 16: hari Selasa
Precinct
Presint 11: hari Jumaat73v. Recyclingat OfficeComplexes
KemudahanFacilities
Kitar Semuladi Kompleks
Pejabat(Program Wastewise)(Wastewise
Programme)
Selaindaripada
kemudahandan program-programIn
additionto the facilities
and programmes
carried out inyang dijalankan
di kawasan
perumahan,programresidential
areas, recycling
programmes
and facilities
aredan actively
kemudahankitar
turut giat
dilaksanakan
alsocarriedoutsemulaat the officecomplexes.
Baseddi kompleks
pejabat.
Berdasarkan
rekod, kira-kira
40%ison
the record,
about 40%of total non-domestic
waste
daripada jumlah
pepejalbukan domestik
iaitu
generatedfrom thesisa
officeand commercial
complexes.
dijanakan facilities
dari kawasan
pejabatdankomersil.
Recyclingin the kompleks
form of recyclebins
or recycling
Kemudahankitar semula
yang
biasa
di
boxes
are commonly
providedin theofficedisediakan
complex. The
waste
collection
company,
Alam Florarecyclable
kompleks
pejabatadalah secara
bin will
kitarbuy
semula
atau
items
based
on a Alamspecificmonthly
kotak fromkitaroffices
semula.
SyarikatFloraakanschedule.
membelibarangan kitar semula dari pejabat mengikut jadualFor
example,individuals are provided recycling
tertentu
pada there
setiapisbulan.
boxes as well as at each and each floor of PJC OfficeComplex.
Sebagai contoh, kotak kitar semula dibekalkan kepada
setiap individu dan aras di kompleks Perbadanan semula.

Large recycling boxes provided at each floor

Small recycling box for eachindividual.   
Scheduledcollection
ofsemula
recyclable
materials
Alam
Flora
Kutipanbarangankitar
berjadual
dariby
Alam
Flora
ke
at kompleks
the government
officecomplexes
are wellreceived
by thepejabatkerajaanmendapatsambutanramai.
public.
74


7.2

Recycling Achievement Rate

Recycling rate in Malaysia was recorded at a rate of 5%
only (www.ppsppa.gov.my). This is lower compared toherate of other countries such as Germany (74%), Singapore(59%) and Australia (67%). The Ministry of Housing and
Local Government has targeted the recycling rate for

Malaysia to be 22% by 2020. In Putrajaya as a result ofvarious facilities provided and campaigns carried out,
the amount of recyclables collection has been increasingfrom year to year.

Chart 7.3: Total Recycling Materials Collection, 2004-2011

	  Source: Alam Flora and City Cleanliness Control Division

MAY-­‐DEC	
  Based on the data collection of recyclable materials,
the achievement as a percentage of recycled material	
  compared to the amount of solid waste generated
between 2009 to 2011 is shown in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1: Percentage of Recycling in Putrajaya, 2009-2011

Year

Total Solid Waste (kg)

Total Recyclable
Material (kg)Percentage of Recycling

2009

11,877,000

1,068,213

9.0%

2010

14,695,240

1,260,750

8.5%

2011

17,756,000

1,567,611

8.8%

Source: City Cleanliness Control Division and Alam Flora.

75

Percentage ofRecycling, Malaysia

5%

7.3
		
7.3

Food Waste and Garden Waste Composting
Programme
ProgramPengkomposan Sisa Makanan dan Sisa

Taman
In addition to the solid waste recycling initiatives, efforts
to reduce
final solid
waste
to disposalsites arealso
Selaindaripada
inisiatifkitarsent
semulasisa pepejal,
usaha
carried mengurangkan
out through foodgardenwaste
untuksisa andpepejalakhir
ke (green
tapak
waste) composting
programs.melalui inisiatif kompos sisa
pelupusan
juga dijalankan
makanan dan sisa taman (green waste).

i. Food Waste Composting Using Compost 		i. Pengkomposan
Sisa Makanan Menggunakan Mesin
MachineKomposis collected daily from the Precinct 16 food court andPrecinct 8 market to be processed into compost.
Each outlet in the food court and market is suppliedwitha gerai
specialto collectorganic
waste.
Employees
Setiapdi binmedanselera dan
pasar
dibekalkan
satu
of
Alam
Flora
will
collect
theorganic
waste
every
day.
tong khas untuk mengumpulkan sisa organik. Pekerja
Organic
waste
will akan
be cleaned
beforethey
addedsyarikat AlamFloramembuatkutipansisaareorganik
ini
into
the
compostmachine.
setiap hari. Sisa organik tersebut perlu dibersihkan terlebih
dahulu sebelum dimasukkan dalam mesin kompos.

The first food waste composting machine in Putrajaya has
Mesin
kompos sisa sincemakananyang
pertamaPutrajaya
been operational
March
2010
and it isdilocatedatini
mula16beroperasi
sejak bulan
Mac 2010
dan waste
ianya
thetelah
Precinct
neighbourhoodcomplex.
Organic
diletakkan di kompleks kejiranan Presint 16. Setiap hari sisaorganik dikumpulkan dari medan selera Presint 16 danpasar Presint 8 untuk diproses kepada bahan kompos.

Muatanmaksimaseharimesin
komposini adalah
100kg
The maximum
daily
loaduntuk
for thiscompostmachineis 100kg
oforganik
mampuofmenjana
200kg
komposorganicsisa
waste
anddanis capable
generating
200kg
of compost
dalam
in a seminggu
week.


Enzymewill be added to accelerate the composting
process.
proseskompos.
Sisa organik
boleh dikompos
Organic
waste canbe composted
within 48 dalamhours.
masa 48 jam.

76

Basedon the data
data Alamcollected
by50%
Alam
Flora,
50% of sisa
theBerdasarkan
Flora,
darikomposisicompositionof Putrajaya
waste consistsof food
pepejal Putrajaya
terdiri solid
daripada
sisa makanan.
waste.
If these
programis to be extended
all precincts,
Sekiranyausaha
ini diperluaskan
lagi ke to
semuapresint
itmakamay iaproof
to berkesan
be very effective
in reducing the
final
amat
dalam pengurangan
jumlahdisposalof solidwaste
to landfills.
InGLKDQWDUNDQ
addition, there
be
VLVD SHSHMDOÀQDOGLVSRVDO \DQJ
NH will
WDSDN
asavings on Di
thesamping
landfill tipping
fees paid by perbelanjaan
PJC.
pelupusan.
itu, menjimatkan
ED\DUDQÀSHPEXDQJDQROHK33M

ii. Garden Waste CompostingThe
compost material will be allowedVWDELOL]DWLRQ
for stabilizationfor 2-6+DVLONRPSRVDNDQGLELDUNDQNHULQJXQWXN
weekssebelum
before being
packedfor sale.
minggudibungkus
untukjualan.

The
compostmaterial
is sold
by AlamFlora
in 2bungkusan:
types ofHasil
komposdijualoleh Alam
Flora
dalam
2 jenispackaging:
MYR
3/kg (household
users);
MYR 20/20kg
RM3/kg(penggunaisirumah;
RM20/20kg(kepadakontraktor
landskap).
(landscapecontractors).

ii. Pengkomposan Sisa Taman
The solid waste in Putrajaya is not only generated by
Penjanaan sisa
Putrajaya
bukan landscapedsahaja darihouseholds
and pepejal
offices, dibut
the extensive
isirumahdangardens
pejabatalso
tetapikawasanlandskapareas
andgenerate
gardenwastedanintaman-taman
yangleaves
luas turut
sisaGarden
taman seperti
theform of dried
andmenjanabranches.
waste
daun-daunkering dan
Sisa pepejal
taman
from
landscaping
andranting
parks pokok.
maintenance
works
are
hasil daripada
penyelenggaraan
landskap
also
collected kerja-kerja
to be composted.
A designatedsitedanfortaman-taman
juga waste
dikumpulkanbagitujuan in
dijadikancompostinggardenhas been
provided
Taman
baja kompos. Di Taman Wetland, satu tapak khas untuk
Wetland.
mengompos sisa taman telah disediakan.

Dried leaveskeringand branches
arepokokcompiled
at this designatedsite
Daun-daun
dan ranting
dikumpulkan
di tapak khas
further
processing.
ini foruntuk
prosesseterusnya


78

Tree trunks
andbranches
has todiracik
be shredded
beforetheBatangpokok
danranting perlu(shredded)
terlebihcompostingprocess.
dahulusebelumprosesThis tent
can accommodate
around 50-60
tonskompos
of compost.
Khemahkomposini boleh menempatkan
jumlahdalam
sekitar 50-60 tan.

Effective
microorganism(EM) is added once
month untuktoEffective
microorganism(EM)disemburkan
sekali asebulanaccelerate
the compostingprocess.
mempercepatkanproses kompos.

The
processof turningkompos
the compost
to be carried
Prosesmembalikkan
perlu hasdijalankan
setiap out
tigaeveryhari
threeuntukdays forthe purposeof aeration.
tujuanpengudaraan.

Theakhir
final kompos
compostyang
material
is obtainedthreemonths.
Hasil
diperolehi
dalamwithin
tempohtigabulan.


79

7.4
7.4

Penggunaan
PepejalSecara Inovatif
InnovativeSemula
Reuse Sisa
of Solid
Waste

Usaha-usaha
pengurangan
pepejal isdialso
Putrajaya
Solid waste reduction
efforts sisa
in Putrajaya
carriedditeruskan
melaluiprogrampenggunaan
semulasisa
out through an innovative way of the reusing of solid
pepejalsecara inovatif.
Agendawaste. Throughthe PJCMelalui
Local program
Agenda Local
21, residents’21
PPj, persatuan
penduduk
Apartmen Presint
8, Fasa
associationsof thePhase 4Bdi Apartment
in Precinct
8,
4B
telah
berjayamenghasilkan
semulaproduksuccessfully produced products using collectedjahitan
usedmenggunakan
banting
terpakai.
Satupusatestablishedoperasi telahbanners materials.
A centre
has
been
to
ditubuhkan
untuk
menjalankan
aktvitijahitandancarry out these
activities
and hasgrown
into ainigreen
kinitelah berkembang
economic
activity for thesebagai
residents.aktiviti ekonomi ‘hijau’
kepada penduduk tempatan.

operationroom
hasbeen set up
in theresidents’
Bilik An
operasijahitanyang
ditubuhkan
dalam
ruang
pejabatassociation’s
office spacein Phase
4B 4B,
Apartment,
persatuanpendudukfasa
Presint 8 Precinct 8.

VariousUsaha
products
fromused banners
were produced
yang
dijalankanoleh komuniti
blok fasathrough4B ini theof menghasilkan
the local community
membolehkanefforts
merekapelbagai jenis produk
jahitan daripada banting terpakai

The Chairman of thePengerusi Persatuan
Residents’
Association of
Penduduk
Fasa 4B, isPhase
4B Apartment
mengharapkan lebihhoping for more participation
ramai penduduk dapat
in this programme as it
menyertai program ini
cangenerate income,memandangkan
ia dapatparticularly
for housewives.
menjana pendapatankhasnya kepada suri rumah

ThisProgram
programthe sokongan
support ofdari
TEKUN
particularly
inialsojugareceived
mendapat
TEKUNkhasnyaby
free sewing
and training.
dalamproviding
membekalkan
mesin machines
jahitan percuma
dan latihan.


80

7.5
7.5

Projek-projek
Pilot
Projects Perintis

i. Pengasingani.
Separation Sampah
of WasteDiAtPunca
Source
81

ii. Kempen
Penggunaan
Beg
Plastik
Mudah Urai
ii.
Biodegradable
Plastic
Bag
Campaign
At Di Pasar
Tani Mega
Putrajaya
Putrajaya
Mega
Farmers’ Market

Programmula dijalankan
Ogos 2009.
The
pilot iniprogramme
which pada
startedbulan
in August
2009
ProgramperintisinidijalankandiPresint
8dan
9 yangwas conducted in Precincts 8 and 9, which involving
melibatkan
400 homes
unit rumah.
Rumahwithyang
400
homes. The
were provided
two terlibat
bins todibekalkan
dua tong
mengasingkan
sisa organik
separateorganic
wasteuntukand recyclable
materials.
dan bahan-bahan yang boleh di kitar semula.

Pada
27 AprilPemasaran Marketing
PertanianOn
April27, 2012,
2012,pihak
the Lembaga
Federal Agricultural
Authority(FAMA)
has launcheda campaign kempen
on thePersekutuan(FAMA)
telah melancarkan
usageof
biodegradable
plasticbags
atthe
farmer’s
penggunaan beg mudah urai di tapak pasar tanimarket in Putrajaya. As an initial step, the Putrajaya
Putrajaya.
Sebagailangkahpermulaan,
taniFAMA’s
mega
mega
farmers’marketwasthe first pasar
to usePutrajaya
merupakan
tanipertamayang
menggunakan
biodegradable plastic bags.
beg plastik mudah urai FAMA.

The waste
separation
at source
programmeusing the two bin
Programpengasingan
sisa dipunca menggunakan
system.
sistemdua tong.

Biodegradable
plastic
weredisampaikan
handed out for
free tokira-kiraabout
Beg plastik mudahuraibags
percuma
kepadatraders.
200 orang 200
peniagayang telibat

Organic
waste isdikumpulkancollected threea weekandonce kitara weekSisa organik
3 kalitimes
seminggudanbahan
for sekali
recyclables.
semulaseminggu.

Plastikurai ini hanya
memerlukan
tempohurai selama
Thesemudahbiodegradable
plastic
bags only require
one-yeartosetahun berbanding
denganbiasa
yangplastic
mengambil
degradeas compared
to 300 plastik
years forordinarybags.
masa 300 tahun

7.6

Per Capita Solid Waste Generation

The amount of solid waste per capita generated by Malaysian is recorded at approximately 0.8 kg per day. The total
solid waste generated per day is 15,000 tons, and this can cover the Petronas Twin Towers in 9.5 days (source: Ministryof Housing and Local Government). The rates of solid waste generation in Putrajaya are summarized in Table 7.2 andthis can be compared to the Malaysian scenario.

Table 7.2: Summary of the Rates Solid of Waste Generation in Putrajaya

Kg/capita/day(kg)Domestic

Commercial

Total Solid Waste

0.628

0.269

0.897

2009

0.357

0.126

0.483

2010

0.344

0.245

0.592

2011

0.369

0.267

0.637

Malaysia(1)Putrajaya(2)Note:       (1) National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management, August 2005.
(2) Calculations based on data in Putrajaya “Bandar Sejahtera” Report& Department of Statistics Malaysia

828.0 MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION		OF THE CITY

8.0
		

MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE
CITY

The creation of a green low carbon lifestyle is critical inensuring that the initiatives towards achieving Putrajaya
as a low carbon green city can be realized. This canbe done with the help of information technology, andeducational campaigns at various levels. The three main
target groups are the local residents, employees andvisitors of Putrajaya. The impact of these initiatives may
be difficult to measure quantitatively in the short term but
it is important as the impact will be significant in the long
run.

8.1

Online Services

Since year 2000, PJC has started providing online services
to facilitate the day to day daily business between the
public and PJC. Currently, there are 10 types of online
services provided through the PJC’s website:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

e-Cukai (Quit Rent Payment)
e-Cukai (Assessment Rate Payment)
e-Kompaun (Compound Payment)
e-Tempahan (Reservation)
e-Profile (Business Licencing)
e-Pemajuan (Development Application)
e-Sewa (Rental)
e-Aduan (Complaints management)
e-Librarye-Lesen (Business Licencing)On-line services will not only save time, but the public
and property developers can reduce the use of paper
document/forms, plans and reports. One example isthrough e-Pemajuan. A total of eight different types
of applications related to planning and development
control and can be submitted by the property
developers through on-line services, namely:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Planning Permission Layout Plan Approval
Pre-Computational Plan Approval
Planning Permission for Building Erection
Approval of Earth Works
Approval of Road and Drainage
Approval of Street Lighting and Traffic Lights
Erection of Building Approvals
Approval of Temporary Permits

A huge reduction of paper consumption has beenachieved through the e-Pemajuan system. A comparisonon the required paper copies between the manual andthe electronic applications are as shown in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1: Comparison on Required Documents and Plans
between the Manual submission and Electronic submission for
Planning Permission

Type of
Document
Development
Proposal Report
A1 sized Plan	
  Required Copies of Plans andDocuments
ManualElectronics
5 sets2 sets10 sets

2 sets (1)Note: (1) only four sets are required during final Planning
Permission approval.

	
  

84

8.3

During the processing of applications for Planning
Permission, amendments and resubmission of plan andreports are normally required of the applicants. This
process involves the reprinting of plans and reports andthus involves use of paper. The replacement with digitalcopies has helped reduce about 80% of the need for
paper copies. Indirectly, PJC document storage spacerequirements are also reduced as well as printing costs forthe applicant.

As a local authority, PJC provides a wide range ofguidelines and documents for the public and staffs. From
time to time, guidelines and reference documents will be
updated and this will require reprints which will increase
the use of paper and printing costs.
Usage of e-Guidelines as the main media for the
distribution of guidelines and statutory planningdocuments such as the Structure Plan and Local Plans,
was implemented in PJC.

Table 8.2: Estimated Reduction of Paper for Planning Permission
Applications

Type of
Application

Number of A1 Plans
ManualElectronics

Reductionof Planfor EachApplication

Layout(1)180-280
sheets36-56
sheets144-224
Sheets

PreComputation(2)10-30
Sheets

2-6 sheets

8-24 Sheets

Building
Erection(3)100-400
sheets20-80
sheets80-320
SheetsUsage of e-Guidelines	
  e-Guidelines helps
limit excessive
printed copies.

Note:(1) an estimate of 18-28 sheets for a set of plans(2) an estimate of 1-3 set sheets for a plan(3) an estimate of 10-40 sheets for a set of plans

8.2

Reduction of paper usage for meetings

Since January 26th, 2012, PJC One Stop Centre (OSC)
Meeting has taken steps to reduce the use of paper in
conducting meetings. Meeting papers are no longer
printed for distribution to all of the members of OSC but
instead can be accessed via the OSC meeting system.
Other ICT media facilities provided are tablet computersand LCD monitors in the meeting room to reduce thedependency on paper copies.

85

	
  

	
  

	
  

ICT facilities such as tablet computers and LCD monitors replace the dependency on paper in OSC meetings.

8.4
		

Green Neighbourhood Lifestyle ThroughLocal Agenda 21 (LA21) Programme

Low carbon lifestyle practices should be inculcatedamong the local residents to increase the senseof commitment as well as to raise awareness inenvironmental protection. Local Agenda 21 programme
has facilitated PJC in fostering a green lifestyle, especiallyin aspects of 3R practices and environmental protectionin the neighbourhood areas.

The use of organic fertilizers and compost areencouraged. Control of weeds, diseases and insects
using chemical pesticides is not permitted. Environmental
friendly organic material such as Neem Oil Solution, Garlic
Solution with coconut fibre and Micro Organisms areused as substitutes. Residents are also encouraged to use
harvested rainwater for irrigation.

To achieve these objectives, various programs have been
introduced by thePJC’s LA21 Working Committee forLandscape and Environment. Among them are:i. Community Garden Program
The consumption of locally produced, chemical-freefood sources is encouraged as part of the green urban
lifestyle. Food produced within the locality is always
preferred as it reduces carbon emissions involvedin transporting food from other areas. In Putrajaya,
community gardens program has been implemented
since 2008 under Green Earth campaign. To date,eight community gardens have been established andmanaged by the residents’ associations of Precinct 8, 9
and 16. The community gardens are as follows:• Community Garden 1, Taman Rimba Desa Jalan P9G
Precinct 9• Community Garden 2, Taman Rimba Desa Jalan P9A,
Precinct 9• Community Garden of Phase 11 Apartments,
Precinct 9• Community Garden of Harmony Putra Apartments,
Precinct 9• Community Garden of Phase 4A Apartments,
Precinct 8• Community Garden of Phase 4B Apartments,
Precinct 8• Community Garden of Phase 4C Apartments,
Precinct 8• Community Garden of Precinct 16 Apartments

87

A view of Putrajaya Community gardens.

	
  Figure 8.1: Location of Putrajaya Community Gardens	
  Guidance and advice are also provided to theBimbingan dan khidmat nasihat juga diberikan kepada
participants through activities such as crop maintenancepara pekebun komuniti melalui aktiviti seperti bengkel
workshops and briefings.
penyelenggaraan tanaman dan taklimat .

ii.
Green School Awards Programme, 2012
ii. Program Anugerah Sekolah Hijau 2012
The
changegaya
in thelifestyleof community
Perubahanhidup
komuniti
memerlukanchanges
jangkarequirestime.
Aneffective
approachis throughthemasa yang panjang. Pendekatan yang berkesan
adalaheducationoftheyounger
generation.
For
thispurpose,melalui pendidikan kepada generasi muda. Bagi tujuan
theGreen School
Awardsprogramme(ASH2012) telahwasini, program
Anugerah
SekolahHijau (ASH2012)
introducedwiththefollowing
objectives:
diperkenalkan dengan berasaskan objektif-objektifutama seperti berikut:• to raise awareness on the importance of preserving
and protecting the environment in school;
• to foster a positive attitude and the love for the
kepentingan memelihara dan memulihara alamenvironment among the school children and teachers;
sekitar di sekolah;• to shape the generation that adopts green practices;  
• to encourage innovation towards creating a
di kalangan warga sekolah;school environment that emphasizes preservation and   
conservation;
amalan hijau;• to recognize the continuous efforts of the school in 
 
environmental
sustainability.
persekitaran sekolah yang menitikberatkan
ASH2012pemeliharaan
is based on dan
four pemuliharaan
key conceptsalamwith sekitar;different



scopes of activities as shown in Table 8.3.
melestarikan alam sekitar.
ASH2012 adalah berteraskan empat konsep utama dan
mempunyai
aktivitiyang
berlainansepertiTable 8.3: Keyskop
Concepts
andProgramme
Activities
ASH Jadual
2012
8.3.
Konsep
Activity
Jadual 8.3: Konsep Utama dan Aktiviti Program ASH 2012

Go Green Global (Basic
Konsep
Weather Study)a. Go Green Globa l (AsasKajian Cuaca)

Measure / observe
Aktiviti
the temperature,
1.
Menyukat/mencerap
suhu,
precipitation,
humidity,
hujan, kelembapan, arah
wind
speed and direction
dan halaju angin di
in kawasan
the school
compoundsekolahGreen Finger (Lessons on

Greening the school

Nature)b.
Green Finger(Pembelajaran Alam
Semula Jadi)

compound:1.
Menghijaukan kawasan
sekolah:Thefunction of trees
around the school.

Labelling& Inventory of
sekolah.
trees(scientific & local    
name).

Thetempatan).
method of fertilization.
The
health of the
trees.



89Concept

Activity

KonsepAktiviti
Hygiene and beauty schools
1.•Kebersihan
danofkeindahan
Cleanlinessdrains,sekolahwaste management
areas and so on.
tempat pengurusan• sampah
Beautificationof thedan sebagainya.
school building such as
murals/seperti
postersmural// proverbs
sekolahposter/peribahasa// sayings.
• pepatah
Canteen Management / hygiene

(organic
waste/
kantin(sampahorganik/
non-organic
waste,
sampah bukan organik,
leftover cooking oil, etc.)
pengurusan sisa minyak• masak
Cleanlinessof classrooms,
terpakaidsb)
halls & toilets.  
dewan & tandas.
Practices the 3Rs (Reduce,
Reuse3R
andRecycle)2. Amalan(Reduce,Reuse•andEconomical
Recycle) use of paper; 
kertas;• penggunaan
Adopt segregation
 of
garbage at source
pengasingan
sampahdi(bottles, plastic,
paper,
peringkat punca (botol,etc.);
plastik, kertasdsb);• Makecompostfrom food

scrapsandplants;dari sisa makanan dan• tumbuh-tumbuhan;Collection of used cooking
oil for sale; andmasakterpakaithe “zerowasteuntuk
day/
dijual;dan
week/month”
programme 
day/week/month”
Resource
management•
Water
conservation
3. Pengurusan
sumberin schools programmes  di(Examples:
sekolah (contoh
Reusing
menggunakan
rainwater (rainsemulawater airhujan
(rain water
harvesting)for watering
harvesting) untuk
plants, cleaning drains,
menyiram pokok,
etc. (billing records).
membersihkan longkang• dsbElectricalsaving(rekod energy
bil).
(billing
 programme 
records).
tenagaelektrik (rekod bil).

Green Living (Wastec.
Green Living (Pengurusan
Management,
Water &
Sisa,
Energy)Air & Tenaga)

4.Plastic
Beg plastik
bags danand bekas
polystyrene
polisterin
containers

• NO
plastic bag andplastik dan bekas
polystyrene containers
polisterin.
Day Programme

Green Economy(Entrepreneurship&
KonsepInnovation)d. Green Economy(Keusahawanan & Inovasi)

Records sales of green
living andAktiviti
green finger
produce sold.

1. Rekod jualan green living 
dijual.

Kem
Kesedaran Alam
Sekitar Camp,
2012 di 2012
Taman
Putrajaya
Environmental
Awareness
at Wetland
Taman Wetland
Putrajaya.

90

8.5 Awards
and Accolades
Anugerahdan Penghargaan
Asdaria resulta joint
in implementing
these tersebut,
initiatives,Putrajaya
Putrajaya
hasmenerima
received pelbagai
numerousanugerah
awards dan
and
Hasil
usaha ofsama
untukeffort
melaksanakan
inisiatif-inisiatif
telah
recognitions
such
as the following:
penghargaan
sepertiberikut:
Sustainable
City
Statusthe
Malaysian
Urban
Indicators
Programme(MURNInet)2010.
1.1.Sustainable
City
Statusinin
theMalaysian
Urban
Indicator
Programme(MURNInet)
2010
ASEAN
Environmentally
Sustainable
City
Award
2011.
2.2.Asean
Environmentally
Sustainable
City
Award
2011.
Putrajaya
Lake
Wetlands
Ecohydrological
Operational
Site
UNESCO-IHP- 2011.
3.3.Putrajaya
Lake&&
Wetlands
asas
Ecohydrological
Operational
Site
byby
UNESCO-IHP– 2011
Excellence
Award
Putrajaya
WetlandPark
in the
Green
City Categoryby theInstitute of Architects
Landscape
4.4.ExcellenceAwardfor for
Taman
Wetland
Putrajaya
in the
Green
City Category
by Instituteof LandscapeArchitects
Malaysia - 2011.
Malaysia– 2011.
GREENBUILD
Asia
Expo
2012
- Best@ show
Award:
New
Product(GreenPlanning).
5.5.Greenbuild
Asia
Expo
2012
- Best@show
Award:BestBest
New
Product(GreenCityCity
Planning)
2ndplacewinnerfor “Whole
the “Whole
City Award”,
2nd winnerplace forwinnerfor the “Ecohydrology
Managementof
6.6.2ndplace
winnerfor theCity Award”,
2nd placethe “Ecohydrology
Managementof Lake andPutrajaya
Lake
andWetlandin
Urban
Ecosystem”,
3rd
place
winnersfor“Community
Gardensof
Putrajaya”
andWetland in Putrajaya Urban Ecosystem”, 3rd place winners for “Community Gardens of Putrajaya” and “Healthy“Healthy
Parks,
Healthy
People”
at The International
Livable Communities,
2012.
Parks,
Healthy
People”
projects
at projects
The InternationalAwards for Awards
Liveablefor
Communities
2012.
Participationin the18th
Conferenceof Parties
the Parties(COP18)the United
Framework
Convention
on
7.7.Participationin the18th
Conferenceof the(COP18)to theto
UnitedNationsNations
Framework
Convention
on Climate
Climate(UNFCCC)
Change (UNFCCC)
exhibitionand side
event
entitled “Modelingto Bridgeand
ScienceandPolicy” 2012.
Changeexhibition andside event
entitled“Modeling
to Bridge Science
Policy”
2012.

The International
International Awards
Awards forfor Liveable
Liveable Communities
Communities 2012
2012
The

18th
18thConference
Conferenceofofthe
theParties
Parties(COP18)(COP18)

91

Greenbuild
GreenbuildAsia
Asia2011
2011

APPENDIX

LIST OF APPRECIATIONSPATRON :Tan Sri Dato’ Seri (Dr) Aseh Bin Hj Che Mat
President, Putrajaya Corporation:
PUTRAJAYA CORPORATION’S GREEN CITY COMMITTEECHAIRMAN:
Dato’ Omairi Bin Hashim
Director, City Planning Department
Committee Members:
Mr. Fadlun Bin Mak Ujud
Deputy Director, City Planning Department
Mr. Shamsul Bahrin Bin Rahmat
Senior Deputy Director Building Control City Planning
Department
Mr. Akashah Bin Makjizat
Principal Assistant Director Environment, Lakes &Wetland, City Planning Department
Puan Norzita Binti Razak
Principal Assistant Director City Planning Department
Mr. (Ir) Ab Rahim Bin Md Junoh
Senior Deputy Director Transport Trafﬁc, City Services
Department
Mr. (Ir). Jamal Bin Nasir Ali
Senior Deputy Director City Cleanliness Control, City

Tengku Aina Binti Tengku Ismail Shah
Deputy Commercial Director, Business Development &Licensing, City Services Department
Mr. (Ir.) Razali bin Jarmin
Senior deputy director facilities management (Buildings)
City development department
Mr. (Ir.) Ahmad Zubir Bin Sapian
Principal Assistant Director City Development
Mrs. Norieh Bin Mat
Deputy Director, Department Of Landscape and Garden

Mr. Zolkaplie Bin Mustapha
Deputy Director of Horticulture Landscape Resources,
Department Of Landscape and Garden
Mr. Kamaruddin Bin Dolmat
Senior Deputy Director Strategic Planning, Corporate
Services Department

Government Agencies, Private Companies and Resident’s Associations

PUTRAJAYA CORPORATION
Kompleks Perbadanan Putrajaya, 24, Persiaran Perdana, Presint 3, 62675 Putrajaya, Malaysia
Telefon : 603 8000 8000 Faks : 603 8887 5000
www.ppj.gov.my
IS B N 978- 983- 41154- 6- 3

DISEMBER 2012