Please note: These practice sets align with TOEFL
iBT tests administered on or after July 26, 2023.

TOEFL iBT® Writing Practice Questions
This document may contain some question types that would not appear on a test that has
been adapted for various accessibility purposes. On test day, you will receive an accessible
assessment that is consistent with any accommodations for which you have been approved.

Writing Practice Set 1: (Integrated) -- Passage, Lecture, and Question
Directions: Give yourself 3 minutes to read the passage.
Reading Time: 3 minutes
In an effort to encourage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an internationalorganization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecologicalstandards by conserving resources and recycling materials. Companies that receive thiscertification can attract customers by advertising their products as “ecocertified.” Around theworld, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologically friendly practices in order toreceive ecocertification. However, it is unlikely that wood companies in the United States
will do the same, for several reasons.
First, American consumers are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value oreven pay attention to the ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled“new” or “improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims ingeneral.
Second, ecocertified wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order toearn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by acertification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers. American consumers
tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper
uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep theirprices low rather than obtain ecocertification.
Third, although some people claim that it always makes good business sense for Americancompanies to keep up with the developments in the rest of the world, this argument is notconvincing. Pursuing certification would make sense for American wood companies only ifthey marketed most of their products abroad. But that is not the case—American woodbusinesses sell most of their products in the United States, catering to a very large customer
base that is satisfied with the merchandise.

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Directions: Read the transcript
Narrator

Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

Professor

Well, despite what many people say, there’s good reason to think that many
American wood companies will eventually seek ecocertification for theirwood products. First off, consumers in the United States don’t treat all
advertising the same. They distinguish between advertising claims thatcompanies make about their own products and claims made by independentcertification agencies. Americans have a lot of confidence in independent
consumer agencies. Thus, ecologically minded Americans are likely to react
very favorably to wood products ecologically certified by an independent
organization with an international reputation for trustworthiness.
Second point—of course it’s true that American consumers care a lot about
price—who doesn’t? But studies of how consumers make decisions show thatprice alone determines consumers’ decisions only when the price of one
competing product is much higher or lower than another. When the pricedifference between two products is small—say, less than five percent, as is thecase with certified wood— Americans often do choose on factors other thanprice. And Americans are becoming increasingly convinced of the value ofpreserving and protecting the environment.
And third, U.S. wood companies should definitely pay attention to what’s
going on in the wood business internationally, not because of foreign
consumers, but because of foreign competition. As I just told you, there’s agood chance that many American consumers will be interested in ecocertified
products. And guess what, if American companies are slow capturing thosecustomers, you can be sure that foreign companies will soon start crowding
into the American market, offering ecocertified wood that domestic companies
don’t.

Directions: Give yourself 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response isjudged on the quality of the writing and on how well it presents the points in the lecture andtheir relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225
words. You may view the reading passage while you respond.
Response time: 20 minutes
Question: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast
doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.

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Writing Practice Set 1: (Integrated) – Response Tips
What is important to understand from the lecture is that the professor disagrees with the points
made in the reading, namely that American consumers mistrust advertising, that they are
unwilling to pay extra for ecocertified products, and that American companies do not need tocompete in parts of the world where ecocertification is valued.
In your response, you should convey the reasons presented by the professor for why
ecocertification of wood should be adopted by U.S. companies. A high-scoring response will
include the following points made by the professor that cast doubt on the points made in thereading:
Point made in the reading
Because American consumers have come to distrust
frequently used advertising claims such as ‘new’ or‘improved,’
they won’t pay attention to or trust the ecocertifiedlabel.
Since ecocertification adds to the cost of
a product, Americans would be unlikely to buy
ecocertified products and would choose cheaper,
uncertified products.

Because American companies sell their products
mainly in the U.S., they do not need to compete in
the rest of the world where ecocertification isdesired by consumers.

Counterpoint made in thelectureAmerican consumers do pay
attention to claims about
products when those claims are
made by independent consumer
agencies.
This is true only if there is a big
price difference between two
similar products; if an
ecocertified product costs only
about five percent more,
American consumers would
accept this in order to buy the
product that is better for theenvironment.
American companies must be
ready to compete with foreigncompanies that will soon be
selling ecocertified products in
theU.S. market.

This task is scored using the Integrated Writing Rubrics. A response that receives a score of 5
clearly conveys all three of the main points in the table using accurate sentence structure andvocabulary.
https://www.ets.org/pdfs.toefl/toefl-ibt-writing-rubrics-enhanced.pdf

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Writing Practice Set 2: (Academic Discussion) -- Instructions, Question, and Discussion
Your professor is teaching a class on political science. Write a post responding to theprofessor’s question.
In your response you should:••

express and support your opinion
make a contribution to the discussion

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You will have 10 minutes to write it.
Dr. Gupta
As I mentioned in class, governments make public policies to describe their
responses to various problems that affect a community. Part of this process
involves setting and defending priorities about which issues deserve the mostattention and resources. For example, governments need to decide whether theyshould spend more money on education or on environmental protections. If you
were a policy maker, which issue would you argue is more important—educationor environmental protections? Why?
Kelly
We all live on planet Earth, and it is the only planet we have. Therefore, we musttake care of it. Clearly, protecting the environment should be the government’s
priority over education. I think the REAL question is, which approach toprotecting the environment—restricting pollution, regulating population,
promoting clean energy, or something else—should be the government’s priority.
Andrew
I disagree with Kelly that that the environment is more important than education.
Education is actually the best way to protect the environment. Educated people
can see how their decisions affect the world around them. Also, with betterscience and technology education, we can develop solutions to environmental
problems. Therefore, I think the government should spend more money on
education.

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Writing Practice Set 2: (Academic Discussion) -- Response Tips
To earn a top score, you should state and support your opinion about whether education orenvironmental protections should be the priority for governments to spend money on. Your
response is a contribution to the other two students’ posts in an online discussion for the class.
Be sure to add your own perspective to the discussion, not merely repeat ideas that have alreadybeen stated. Typically, an effective response will contain a minimum of 100 words.
You might agree with Kelly that environmental protections should be the priority. You will needto add your own support for this viewpoint. For example, you could argue that environmental
protections are a more important investment to sustain our economies. You could point out thatgovernments currently spend a great deal of money compensating for climate change
catastrophes such as increased flooding, wind damage, or ruined crops. Investing more inenvironmental protections now could actually save governments money later on—which could
then be used for more education funding. This would differ from the support Kelly gave for her
opinion.
If you agree with Andrew that education should be the bigger priority, you could add to hisargument by pointing out the amount of research that universities conduct—not only on solving
environmental problems, which Andrew alluded to, but also on treating diseases, creating usefultechnology, and developing sustainable agriculture. Therefore, education funding has a bigger
overall impact on improving human lives than investment in environmental protections only.
This would be a meaningful addition to the support Andrew provided for his opinion.
You may find you agree with a point Kelly made about the environment even though you thinkeducation is more important. Or you might even find that your opinion about government
priorities depends on certain factors—that education should be a priority in some circumstances,environmental protections in others. This is perfectly acceptable as long as you explain andsupport your reasoning. There is no “correct” answer to the question. The important part of thistask is to make sure that you state your opinion and provide reasonable, relevant support for it in
a way that makes a meaningful contribution to the online discussion. Try to develop youropinion as well as you can within the time limit. A well-developed response will contain clearly
appropriate reasons, examples, and details—ones that do a good job supporting or illustrating
your own viewpoint.
The quality and accuracy of the sentence structure and vocabulary you use to express your ideas
is also very important and part of what is considered when your response is scored. The task
context—a post to an online discussion group—is not quite as informal as you might think.
While the task asks you to contribute to a discussion with fellow students, imagine that the
professor would also be reading your post. It is true that your tone might be more casual thanwhat you would use in an academic paper, but you should still follow standard grammar rules.
Also, if disagreeing with another student post, be sure to express your disagreement in a
respectful way as you would in a real online discussion.
This task is scored using the Academic Discussion Rubric.
https://www.ets.org/pdf/toefl/toefl-ibt-writing-rubrics-enhanced.pdf

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Writing Practice Set 3: (Integrated) -- Passage, Lecture, and Question
Directions: Give yourself 3 minutes to read the passage.
Reading Time: 3 minutes
Critics say that current voting systems used in the United States are inefficient and often leadto the inaccurate counting of votes. Miscounts can be especially damaging if an election isclosely contested. Those critics would like the traditional systems to be replaced with far more
efficient and trustworthy computerized voting systems.
In traditional voting, one major source of inaccuracy is that people accidentally vote for thewrong candidate. Voters usually have to find the name of their candidate on a large sheet ofpaper containing many names—the ballot—and make a small mark next to that name.
People with poor eyesight can easily mark the wrong name. The computerized voting
machines have an easy-to-use touch-screen technology: to cast a vote, a voter needs only totouch the candidate’s name on the screen to record a vote for that candidate; voters can evenhave the computer magnify the name for easier viewing.
Another major problem with old voting systems is that they rely heavily on people to countthe votes. Officials must often count up the votes one by one, going through every ballot andrecording the vote. Since they have to deal with thousands of ballots, it is almost inevitablethat they will make mistakes. If an error is detected, a long and expensive recount has to takeplace. In contrast, computerized systems remove the possibility of human error, since all thevote counting is done quickly and automatically by the computers.
Finally some people say it is too risky to implement complicated voting technology
nationwide. But without giving it a thought, governments and individuals alike trust othercomplex computer technology every day to be perfectly accurate in banking transactions aswell as in the communication of highly sensitive information.

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Directions:

Read the transcript.

Narrator

Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

Professor

Directions:

While traditional voting systems have some problems, it’s doubtfulthat computerized voting will make the situation any better.
Computerized voting may seem easy for people who are used tocomputers. But what about people who aren’t? People who can’t
afford computers, people who don’t use them on a regular basis—these people will have trouble using computerized voting machines.
These voters can easily cast the wrong vote or be discouraged fromvoting altogether because of fear of technology. Furthermore, it’strue that humans make mistakes when they count up ballots byhand. But are we sure that computers will do a better job? After all,computers are programmed by humans, so “human error” can show
up in mistakes in their programs. And the errors caused by these
defective programs may be far more serious. The worst a humanofficial can do is miss a few ballots. But an error in a computer
program can result in thousands of votes being miscounted or evenpermanently removed from the record. And in many voting systems,
there is no physical record of the votes, so a computer recount in thecase of a suspected error is impossible! As for our trust of computer
technology for banking and communications, remember one thing:these systems are used daily and they are used heavily. They didn’t
work flawlessly when they were first introduced. They had to be
improved on and improved on until they got as reliable as they aretoday. But voting happens only once every two years nationally in
the United States and not much more than twice a year in many
local areas. This is hardly sufficient for us to develop confidence
that computerized voting can be fully trusted.
Give yourself 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response isjudged on the quality of the writing and on how well it presents the points inthe lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, aneffective response will be 150 to 225 words. You may view the reading
passage while you respond.

Response time: 20 minutes
Question:

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on
specific points made in the reading passage.

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TOEFL and TOEFL IBT are registered trademarks of ETS. TOEFLGOLEARN! and the T logo are trademarks of ETS. All othertrademarks are property of their respective owners.

Writing Practice Set 3: (Integrated) -- Sample Responses
Response A, Score of 5
The lecture explained why the computerized voting system can not replace the traditional
voting system. Here are the following three reasons.
First of all, not everyoen one can use computers correctly. Some people do not have access tocomputers, some people are not used of computers, and some people are even scared of thisnew technology. If the voters do not know how to use a computer, how do you expect them tofinish the voting process through computers? This directly refutes the reading passage whichstates that computerized voting is easier by just touchingthe screen.
Secondly, computers may make mistakes as the people do. As computers are programmed by
the human beings, thus erros are inevitable in the computer system. Problems caused bycomputer voting systems may be more serious than those caused by people. A larger numberof votes might be miss counted or even removed from the system. Furthermore, it would takemore energy to recount the votes. Again this contradicts what is stated in the reading whichstated that only people will make mistakes in counting.
Thirdly, computerized voting system is not reliable because it has not reached a stable status.
People trust computers to conduct banking transactions because the computerized banking
system is being used daily and frecuently and has been stable. How ever, the voting does not
happen as often as banking thus the computerized voting system has not been proved to be
totally reliable.
All in all, not everyone can use a computer properly, computer cause mistakes andcomputerized voting system is not reliable are the main reasons why computerized voting
system can not replace the traditional voting system.

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Score explanation
This response is well organized, selects the important information from all three points madein the lecture, and explains its relationship to the claims made in the reading passage about
the advantages of computerized voting over traditional voting methods.
First, it counters the argument that computerized voting is more user-friendly and prevents
distortion of the vote by saying that many voters find computers unfamiliar, and some voters
may end up not voting at all.
Second, it challenges the argument that computerized voting will result in fewer miscounts
by pointing out that programming errors may result in large-scale miscounts and that someerrors may result in the loss of voting records.
Third, it rejects the comparison of computerized voting with computerized banking by
pointing out that the reliability of computerized banking (“reached a stable status”) has beenachieved though frequent use, which does not apply to voting.
There are occasional minor language errors: for example, “people not used of computers”;“miss counted”; “computer cause mistakes”; and the poor syntax of the last sentence (“All in
all . . . ”). Some spelling errors are obviously typos: “everyoen.” The errors, however, are notat all frequent and do not result in unclear or inaccurate representation of the content.
The response meets all the criteria for the score of 5.

Response B, Score of 4
The leture disgreed with the article's opinions. It's not a better solution to use thecomputerized voting systems.
Firstly, it might be hard for the voters who don't use the computer so often, or the users who
is fear of the technology, even some of voters can not aford a computer. Touch screen may
also be hard to use for people who is not familiar with computers. Secondly, computer is
programmed by human beings, which means it can also have errors. Instead of humanbeing's counting error, which only results one or two counting error in number, an errror in
the program code could cause tramendous error in number. In case of the computer crash or
disaster, it may lost all the voting information. We can not even to make a re-count. Lastly,
our daily banking or other highly sensitive infomation system, is actually improved as timegoes by. They were also problematic at the beginning. As we use them so often, we havemore chances to find problems, and furturemore, to fix and improve them. However, for the
voting system, we only use them every 2 years nationally and some other rare events. We
just don't use it often enough to find a bug or test it thoroughly.

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Score explanation
The response selects most of the important information from the lecture and indicates that itchallenges the main argument in the reading passage about the advantages of computerized
voting systems (“it’s not a better solution”.
First, the response explains that some people will not find computers to be user-friendly;
however, it fails to relate this clearly to the point made in the passage that computerized
voting will prevent distortion of the vote. That is clearly an omission, but it is minor.
Second, the response does a good job of pointing out how programming and errors can cause
greater problems than miscounts cause in the traditional voting system.
Third, the response provides a nice explanation of how the frequent use of systems like thebanking system has contributed to such systems’ reliability, and then it contrasts that with thecomputerized voting system.
There are more frequent language errors throughout the response—for example, “users who
is fear”; “some of voters can not aford”; “people who is not familiar”; “it may lost”; and “cannot even to make.” Expressions chosen by the writer occasionally affect the clarity of thecontent that is being conveyed: “results one or two counting error in number . . . an errror in
the program code could cause tramendous error in number” and “use them every 2 years
nationally and someother rare events.” However, it should be noted that in these cases, a reader can derive theintended meaning from the context.
Due to the more frequent language errors that on occasion result in minor lapses of clarityand due to minor content omission, especially in the coverage of the first lecture point, theresponse cannot earn the score of 5. At the same time, since the language errors are generally
minor and mostly do not interfere with the clarity of the content and since most of theimportant information from the lecture is covered by the writer, the response deserves ahigher score than
3. It meets the criteria for the score of 4.
https://www.ets.org/pdfs/toefl/toefl-ibt-writing-rubrics-enhanced.pdf

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Writing Practice Set 4: (Academic Discussion) -- Instructions, Question
and Discussion
Your professor is teaching a class on economics. Write a post responding to the professor’squestion.
In your response you should:•
express and support your opinion
make a contribution to the discussion•
An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You will have 10 minutes to write it.
Dr. Achebe
When people are asked about the most important discoveries or inventions madein the last two hundred years, they usually mention something very obvious, likethe computer or the cell phone. But there are thousands of other discoveries orinventions that have had a huge impact on how we live today. What scientificdiscovery or technological invention from the last two hundred years—other thancomputers and cell phones—would you choose as being important? Why?
Paul
I mean, we’re so used to science and technology that we are not even aware of all
the things we use in our daily lives. I would probably choose space satellites. This
technology happened in the last hundred years, and it has become important for somany things. Just think about navigation, or telecommunications, or even the
military.
ClaireI am thinking about medical progress. Like, for example, when scientists
discovered things about healthy nutrition. I am thinking of identifying all thevitamins we need to stay healthy. I am not sure exactly when the vitamin
discoveries happened, but I know they are very important. Our health is muchbetter than it was 200 years ago.

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Writing Practice Set 4: (Academic Discussion) -- Sample Responses
Response A, Score of 5
In the past 200 years, tons of scientific discoveries or technological inventions have been shown
to the world. If I had to choose one in particular it will probably be vaccine or antibiotics. With
Pasteur's work and discoveries, the world changed in a way people couldn't imagine. So many
people were dying really young because at that time life's conditions were not as good as the one
we have now. With vaccine, we could now irradicate diseases that were killing millions ofpeople, we learn so much about the immune system and ways our body was reacting topathogens and the answers he could produce to defend us against it. Medicine evolved so muchand keeps evolving every day because scientists are curious to understand how our body is
working and how he is able to communicate with our environment. People aged 40 are now notthat old and still have a really long life to live and enjoy when 2 centuries ago it wassynonymous of 80% chance of dying.

Score explanation
This is a fully successful response. The writer chooses vaccines/antibiotics as the most importantinvention of the past 200 years. The author then provides a description, for contrast, of what life
was like before Pasteur’s work (people dying young) and after the vaccine was created (millionsof lives saved, more understanding of the immune system). The writer continues on to point out
that medicine continues to evolve because of Pasteur’s work and how human lifespans have been
extended. Overall, the response provides well-elaborated explanations and details to support themain opinion and provides a relevant contribution to the discussion.
While there are almost no errors in grammar and word choice, there are a few minor ones thathave little impact on meaning (such as “life's conditions were not as good as the one we have”
rather than “were not as good as they are now,” and “how our body is working and how he isable to communicate” rather than “how it is able to communicate”). However, these errors are
fairly minor and such errors might be expected when writing under timed conditions. The writeris able to use some complex sentences and relatively precise vocabulary, which is expected in a
5-level response.

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Response B, Score of 4
From my personal point of view, I think the most important invention is the light bulb. Before it
was invented, people had have to use candles for illumination in the evening. It's performance is
not very stable, and it is produce really high tempreture which would probably lead to a fire
accident. Light bulbs, however, produce constant and bright lighting at nights. One light bulb
could use for several years, which is quite convenient-people don't need to storage many bulbs.
What's more, it is safer than past candles. This is a huge progress in technology, and I consider itas the most vital invention from the last 200 years.

Score explanation
This is a generally successful response. The writer chooses the light bulb as the most importantinvention and contrasts it with the disadvantages of using candles (their unstable performance,high temperature, and possibility of fire. The writer then names several advantages of the lightbulb (a stable, long-lasting performance; brightness; and safety. Notice these points are in directcontrast to the mentioned drawbacks of candles, which is an effective way to support the choice.
However, the argument might have been a little stronger if the writer had discussed not only why
light bulbs are better than candles, but also why light bulbs are the most important invention of
the past 200 years (other than computers and cell phones, perhaps by mentioning at least one
way in which they have helped societies progress.
While the writer uses a nice variety of grammatical constructions and fairly precise vocabulary,
the number and type of errors in grammar and vocabulary prevent it from reaching the highest
score level. Multiple small errors such as “had have to use”, “it is produce”, “one light bulb
could use for years”, and “don’t need to storage” are distracting for the reader even though theintended meaning is still usually clear.
https://www.ets.org/pdfs/toefl/toefl-ibt-writing-rubrics-enhanced.pdf

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TOEFL and TOEFL IBT are registered trademarks of ETS. TOEFLGOLEARN! and the T logo are trademarks of ETS. All othertrademarks are property of their respective owners.