FY2021 Annual Report for International Joint Research with Research Fund（様式）International Joint Digital Archiving Center for Japanese Art and Culture (ARC-iJAC),Art Research Center, Ritsumeikan University
Date (year/mm/dd):
1. Title of the research project
Digital Database and Visualization of Borobudur Maritime Landscape and Japan-Indonesia MaritimeConnection
2. Research leader
Name

Organization and title

Fadjar Ibnu Thufail

National Research and Innovation Agency

3. Co-researcher (Total：9 persons)
Name

Organization and title

Satoshi Tanaka

Ritsumeikan University
Professor

Keiko Suzuki

Ritsumeikan University
Professor

Liang Li

Ritsumeikan University
Associate Professor

Kyoko Hasegawa

Ritsumeikan UniversityLecturer

Jiao Pan

Ritsumeikan University
Graduate Student

Upik Sarjiati

Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Researcher

Firman Budianto

Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Young Researcher

Sugeng Riyanto

Yogyakarta Archaeology OfficeDirectorBrahmantara

Borobudur Conservation OfficeResearcher（様式）4. Overview of the research project (about 150 words). Note: If you have changed your project since the time ofapplication submission, please write clearly where you made changes.
This proposed project is part of a broader and long-term initiative of the ARC-LIPI (now BRIN) collaboration tocreate digital archives and visualization of the ancient Japan-Indonesia transoceanic relation. We will use digitalrecording technology to create chronological databases and layered visualizations of sites, artefacts, and documents
to trace the history of maritime connections between sites in Indonesia and Japan in the 9th-17th century AD. In
this FY 2021 we will make high-quality and transparent 3D digital reconstructions of ancient maritime
transportation artifacts found in Central Java and Sumatra. We will also begin to collect information, digitize, andcreate archival database of Japan-Indonesia maritime expeditions in the 9th-17th AD. This project extends the ARCLIPI project collaboration on digitizing Borobudur, and in the FY 2021 we will focus in more detail at visualizing
relief elements related to maritime transportations and ecologies. We expect the visualization and the archival
database provides scientific information to understand the historical maritime connection between Japan andIndonesia as part of the UNESCO’s Cultural Routes.
5. Overview of the research results. Note: We may use this section for the Center’s PR.
The implementation of fieldwork activity of the project in 2021-2022 has been affected by two major factors:1) Materials unavailable to be scanned. When excavation of the boat completed, the boat was dismantled to betransported to a small museum. However, the proses of dismantling and transportation were very sloppy, resulted
in many important parts of the boat missing or destroyed. The ropes, that was going to be the major target ofscanning and transparent visualization, were missing, and also some central planks.
2) The Covid situation in Indonesia in 2021-2022 had increased significantly. Fieldwork travel has become a riskyactivity. Many intercity travels were suspended and the Indonesian government issued a regulation to ban out oftown business for all government employees, research team included.
The above factors have made fieldwork research and photogrammetry recording are impossible to carry out.
Therefore the major research activities in 2022 have been a series of webinar to discuss the maritime connection
between Japan and Indonesia. The webinars are:1) “Japanese Fishing Activities in the Collective Memories of Sangihe and Talaud Fishermen”
Alex Ulaen
Maritime and Indigenous Research Center, Manado
This talk explores collective memories of Japanese fishing techniques in Sangihe and Talaud. The Japanesetechniques of catching fish with funai and muroami and processing katsuobushi existed in North Sulawesi since
1927 but no longer practiced by local fishermen. This talk will show how the memories of the fishing techniques
can help us learn the historical relationship and cultural exchange between Japanese and North Sulawesi fishingtraditions.
2) “Indonesia in Ceramics Trade in Asia”
Takashi Sakai
National Taiwan University
Indonesian had been an important connecting region in the ceramic trade across Asia. The webinar discusses three
trading networks: 1) Dhow ship trade (9-10 AD) that brought Changsa ceramic; 2) Cham and Gujarati networks(15 AD) that brought Vietnamese ceramic; and 3) Taiwanese Zheng trade (17) that brought Hizen and Anpingceramics.
3) “Punjulharjo Boat: Indonesian and Southeast Asian Traditional Boat Building”
Agni Mochtar
National Research and Innovation Agency

（様式）This talk discusses the history, technological aspect, and future development of Punjulharjo boat, a seventh century
C.E. wooden vessel found on the north coast of Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia. This boat represents the lashedlug tradition, one of the traditional boat buildings in Southeast Asia. This type of watercraft was used for maritime
activities in the Southeast Asian waters and beyond, making it an important part of the regional maritime network.
4) “From Okinawan People’s Tombs in Bitung to Indonesian Community in Oarai”
Makoto Ito
Emeritus Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University
A few Japanese people’s tombs have been found in Bitung (North Sulawesi). This webinar chronicles the arrival ofOkinawans who came and settled in Bitung. The relationship between North Sulawesi and Okinawa was severed
during the World War II, and currently the relationship has re-emerged in the form of kenshusei. This webinar also
discusses the life of Minahasan people in Oarai.

6. Research activities(1) Books・ Title; date of publication; publisher; names of co-authors and editors, if any; and page numbers.
(2) Articles
・ ”Article title”; date of publication; publisher; name of journal; volume number (issue); names of co-authors,if any; page numbers; and peer-reviewed or not.
(3) Presentations
・”Presentation title”; date; conference name; venue; names of the co-presenters; and peer-reviewed or not.
(4) Symposiums and/or research meeting you organized・ ”Name of symposium/meeting”; venue; date; number of participants; names of co-organizers (institutions), ifany.
(5) Other research activities (Lectures to the general public, and appearances in/contributions to mass media)
・ Achievement; venue; and date.
(6) Academic awards
・ Granting institution; name of award; title; and date awarded.
(7) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research -KAKENHI
・ Research title; type of grants programs; starting year-ending year; and principal investigator or not.
(8) Competitive grants other than KAKENHI
・ Research title; granting institution; grant name; starting year-ending year; and principal investigator or not.
(9) Other achievements