医 学 部 専 門 予 備 校メビオ
医学部専門予備校英進館

解答速報

福岡校

㸱
㸲㸳

医学部進学予備校メビオ

東海大学医学部

英語

2021年 2月3日実施

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医学部専門予備校 YMS

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㸴(1) ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᶵᲔ࡟ࡣே㛫ࡢឤ᝟ࡸᚰ⌮ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜㸪ே㛫ࡢᚰ࡟㡪ࡃ㡢ᴦࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᶵᲔ࡟ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺࡜㛗ࡽࡃ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ

㸵 (2) 㡢ᴦ࡟㐀ユࡢ῝࠸⪺ࡁᡭ[⪥ࡢ⫧࠼ࡓ⪺ࡁᡭ]࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࡛ࡉ࠼㸪ே㛫࡟ࡼࡗ࡚స᭤ࡉࢀࡓసရ࡜ேᕤ▱⬟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓసရࢆ༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣពእ࡞࡯࡝㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
(1) He is the main character in the famous children’s story, where he spends a few days under the sea
and finds when he comes back to this world that a few dozens of years have passed.
ู࠙ゎࠚHe is the protagonist in the famous fairy tale, where he spent a few days on the sea bed and,coming back to this world, found himself missing many decades.

㸶 (2) This supported the theory he believed true, that supposing a spaceship travelling in zero gravity
reaches the speed of light, the time inside will lapse much slower than that on Earth.
ู࠙ゎࠚThis confirmed the theory he believed to be the truth, that if a spacecraft travels nearly as fast as
light under no gravity, the time inside the spacecraft will pass far slower than that on the earth.

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸯ၥ1

ࠕ➨ 1 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪 Rhinella marina ࡣ    ࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ౵ධ⏕≀ࠖࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢṔྐ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ேࡢᡭ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ᭱ࡶᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ⏕≀✀ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋၥ2

ࠕ➨ 2 ẁⴠࡢ୺ࡓࡿ┠ⓗࡣ    ࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕRhinella marina ࡢᑟධࡢᘬࡁ㔠࡜࡞ࡗࡓၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠෑ㢌࡛ࠕ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡟ᑟධࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᙜᆅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟࡟ࡼ࠿ࢀ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡓ཯ᛂ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ 2 ᩥ࡛㸪࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢࢧࢺ࢘࢟ࣅ㎰ᴗࢆ⬣࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ
Dermolepida albohertim ࡜࠸࠺ᐖ⹸ࡀ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿ࡭ࡃ BSES ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ
࡜ࢆ㏙࡭࡚ẁⴠࢆ⤊࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟࡢ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ㸪 BSES ࡟ࡼࡿ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡢᑟධ࡬࡜ヰࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ྜࢃࡏࡿ࡜㸪࢘ࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

ၥ3ࠕ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡣ 1935 ᖺ    ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕ㹼ࡢ 7 ᭶ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡓ≧ἣ࡛⦾Ṫࡋࡓࠖࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕ㹼㸪1935
ᖺࡢ 6 ᭶࡟ᙼࡽࡣࣁ࣡࢖࡛᥇㞟ࡋࡓ 102 ༉ࡢ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡟㐠ࡧ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ୍࠿᭶㛫㣫⫱⎔ቃ࡛⦾Ṫࡉࡏ㸪8 ᭶࡟ៅ㔜࡟㑅ᐃࡉࢀࡓ༊ᇦ࡛ 2,400 ༉ࢆᨺࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ4ࠕ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪(A)dissenting ࡟᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ព࿡ࡣ    ࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕከᩘὴ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓពぢࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠋㄒᙧ࠿ࡽࡢ᥎

࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ consent, assent ࡛ࠕྠព㸪ᢎㄆࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᥋㢌㎡ࡢ dis- ࡀࠕศ㞳࣭཯ᑐ࣭ྰᐃࠖ࡟㛵ࢃࡿព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ྜࢃࡏࡿ࡜ࠕ཯ᑐࡍࡿ㸪ྠពࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓព࿡ࡀண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ၥ5ࠕ➨ 3 ẁⴠࡢ[1] ࡟ධࢀࡿࡢ࡟᭱ࡶࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡣḟࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖ

ṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ However ࠋ✵ᡤࡢ๓㸪➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 5 ᩥ࡛ࡣࠕࡑࡢᖺࡢᮎ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚㸪཯ᑐពぢࡢᣢࡕ୺࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࢛࢘ࣝࢱ࣮࣭ࣇࣟ࢞ࢵࢺࡣ㸪࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡑࢀ⮬యࡀᡭ࡟㈇࠼࡞࠸ᐖ⋇࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜㆙࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡃ➨ 6 ᩥࡀࠕࡇࡢ㆙࿌ࡣ⛉Ꮫ⏺ࡢ௚ࡢᏛ⪅࡟↓どࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢᩘ༑ᖺ㛫࡛ಶయᩘࡀ⇿Ⓨⓗ࡟ቑຍࡋ㸪2020 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 2 ൨༉ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡲ࡛࡟࠸ࡓࡗࡓࡢࡔࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㏫᥋ࡢ᥋⥆ⓗ๪モࡀᚲせࡔ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ၥ6ࠕ➨ 4 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆ㥑㝖ࡍࡿ≀⌮ⓗᡭẁ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ṇࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࡝ࡢᩥ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆẅࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㞀ቨࢆタࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࡶ௚ࡢື≀࡟ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ᐖࢆࡶ
ࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠖࠋࡇࡢෆᐜ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿグ㏙ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࢔࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪᭱⤊ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࢖࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪➨ 4 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࢚࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ၥ7ࠕ➨ 5 ẁⴠ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪(B) proliferation ࡟᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ព࿡ࡣ    ࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕᗈࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࠋㄒᙧ࠿ࡽࡢ᥎

࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ㄒ᰿ࡢ life ࡀࠕ⏕࿨ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᥋㢌㎡ࡢ pro- ࡀࠕ๓᪉࣭㈶ᡂ࣭᭷฼ࠖ࡟㛵ࢃࡿព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ⏕࿨ࢆ㇏࠿࡟ᗈࡆࡿ㸪⦾Ṫࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓព࿡ࡀண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ၥ8ࠕ➨ 5 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪    ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆẅࡍࡓࡵ࡟సࡽࢀࡓ GMO[㑇ఏᏊ⤌ࡳ᥮࠼⏕≀]ࡣ 21 ୡ⣖ึ㢌࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࠋ➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪1990 ᖺ௦࡟࣋ࢿࢬ࢚ࣛ࠿ࡽ࢚࢝ࣝ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⮴Ṛⓗ࡞࢘࢖ࣝࢫࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡃ➨ 3 ᩥ࡛ࡣࠕࡑࡢᚋ 10 ᖺ㛫࡛㸪 Rhinella marina ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⮴Ṛᛶࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟సࡽࢀࡓ㑇ఏᏊ⤌ࡳ᥮࠼⏕≀(GMO)ࡀ᳨ᰝࡉࢀ
ࡓࡀ㸪ኚ␗ࡋ࡚ᅾ᮶✀࡟ఏ᧛ࡍࡿ༴㝤ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ⌮⏤࡛㏥ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪GMO ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀࡓ
ࡢࡣ 2000 ᖺ௦㸪ࡘࡲࡾ 21 ୡ⣖ึ㢌࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

ၥ9ࠕ➨ 6 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ࣇࢡࣟࢿࢥࡣ    ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕ㐣ཤ࡟࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆ࢚ࢧ࡜ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛Ṛࢇࡔಶయࡶ࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ࠕࣇࢡࣟࢿࢥࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡟ᅛ᭷ࡢ᭷⿄㢮ࡢື≀࡛㸪࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆዲࡴࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡋࡤࡋࡤ
࿨ࢆⴠ࡜ࡍ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪3 ศࡢ 2 ㏆ࡃࡢಶయࡀࡇࡢ࢚ࢧࢆ㣗࡭㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 40 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࠿ࡽ 68 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡣࡑࡢ࿡ࢆ᎘ᝏࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ 10 ࠕ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪➹⪅ࡣ    ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎

࡛ࡁࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕே㢮ࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶᅵᆅࡢ⏕ែ⣔࡟ᡭࢆฟࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖࠋ᭱⤊ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕࡇ࠺
࠸ࡗࡓ⮬↛ࡢࡶࡓࡽࡍゎỴ⟇ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ே㛫ࡀ࡜ࡿᑐ⟇࡟ࡣ༴㝤࡛㸪ᛮ៖ࡢ⮳ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡜ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚㸪⏕ែᏛⓗᖹ⾮ࢆᅇ᚟ࡍࡿࡢ࡟᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ 11 ࢔ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࡣ    ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕࠗ࿡ぬ᎘ᝏ᮲௳௜ࡅ⒪ἲ࠘ࡣᅾ᮶✀ࡢື≀࡟฼┈ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 1ᩥ࡟ࠕࠗ࿡ぬ᎘ᝏ᮲௳௜ࡅ⒪ἲ࠘࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡋ࠸㥑㝖ᡓ␎࡛ࡣ㸪ࡍࡾࡘࡪࡋࡓࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝ⏤᮶ࡢ≀㉁ࢆ
⮴Ṛᮍ‶㔞ྵࢇࡔࢯ࣮ࢭ࣮ࢪ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛㸪ᅾ᮶✀ࢆࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡢẘ࡟ࡉࡽࡍࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ୧᪉ࢆࣇࢡࣟࢿࢥ࡞࡝ࡢᅾ᮶✀࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ➨ 4 ᩥ࡟ࠕࡇࡢᡭἲࡣᅾ᮶✀ࡢṚஸᩘࢆῶࡽࡍ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡢᩘࡢቑຍࢆᢚไࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣఱࡶᡂᯝࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ 12 ࠕᮏᩥࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝ࡜࠸࠺⚾ࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡀ⏕ࡳࡔࡋࡓၥ㢟ࠖࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠࡲ࡛ࡣࠕ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛ
ࣜ࢔࡟ᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡀ⦾Ṫࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸㸪⏕ែ⣔ࢆ⬣࠿ࡍᏑᅾ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪➨ 4 ẁⴠ௨㝆࡛ࡣࠕ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡢಶయᩘࢆῶࡽࡍࡓࡵ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞᪉⟇ࡀ᥇ࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ỵᐃⓗ࡞ゎỴ࡟ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ၥ 13 ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㸪㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᩥࡀṇࡋࡅࢀࡤ “T” ࢆ㸪ㄗࡾ࡞ࡽࡤ “F” ࢆ࣐࣮ࢡࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠖ
1. ࠕ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡣ 100 ᖺ௨ୖࡢ㛫㸪࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢ⏕ែ⣔ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ Fࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕࢥࣇ࢟ࢥ࢞ࢿࡢᩘࢆῶࡽࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚㸪1935 ᖺࡢ 6 ᭶࡟ࣁ࣡࢖࡛཰
㞟ࡉࢀࡓ 102 ༉ࡢࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡟ᣢࡕ㎸ࡳ㹼ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾࠋ
2. ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢჾලࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆẅࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡓࠖṇゎࡣ Tࠋ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕࢦࣝࣇࢡࣛࣈࡸࢡࣜࢣࢵࢺࣂࢵࢺ࡛࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆ྇ࡁẅࡍ࡜࠸࠺ᡭẁ࡟ฟࡓఫẸࡶ࠸ࡓࡀ㸪௒࡛ࡣࡑࡢ⾜Ⅽࡣ 2001 ᖺࡢື≀ಖㆤἲ࡛㐪ἲ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜
࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ
3. ࠕࠗ᮲௳௜ࡅ࿡ぬ᎘ᝏ⟇࠘࡟ࡣ㸪࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝ࠿ࡽసࡽࢀࡓ㣵ࡀ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ṇゎࡣ Tࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ࠕ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆ㣗࡭ࡿ࡜ࡓ࠸࡚࠸⮴࿨ⓗ࡜࡞ࡿࡑࡢᅵᆅᅛ᭷ࡢ᭷⿄ື≀ࡢࣇࢡࣟࢿࢥࢆ౑ࡗࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪3 ศࡢ 2 ㏆ࡃࡀࡇࡢ㣵ࢆᦤྲྀࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 40%࠿ࡽ
68%ࡀ࿡ぬ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᎘ᝏࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ
4. ࠕỈ⏕ࢿࢬ࣑ࡣẘࡢ࠶ࡿ⮚ჾࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࢆ㣗࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖṇゎࡣ Tࠋ➨ 7 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ࠕྠᵝ࡟Ỉ⏕ࢿࢬ࣑ࡣᚰ⮚࡜⫢⮚ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡁ⫹ᄞࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢ᭷ᐖື≀ࢆ㣵࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ㸰
1.

࢘

will have been  ᮍ᮶ࢆ⾲ࡍᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀ┠ࡋ for ten yearsࠕ10 ᖺ㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄒྃ࠿ࡽᮍ᮶᏶஢ᙧࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ2.

࢖

did the study of plant anatomy progressྰᐃࡢ๪モ not ࡀᩥ㢌࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ࡛ಽ⨨ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪␲ၥᩥࡢㄒ㡰࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ“progress”ࡣືモ࡛ࠕ㐍Ṍࡍࡿࠖ3.

࢖

had better not haveҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

had better ࡢᚋ࡟᏶஢ᙧ have㸩㐣ཤศモࢆ⨨ࡃࠋhad better ࢆຓືモ࡜⪃࠼㸪ᚋࢁ࡟ືモࡢཎᙧࡀ᮶ࡿࡢࡣ࢖ࡢࡳࠋ“had better have 㐣ཤศモ” ࠕ㸦௒ᚋ㸧㹼ࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ
ࡔࢁ࠺㸪ࡍࡿ࡯࠺ࡀࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ
4.

࢔

having been set
the deadline ࢆព࿡ୖࡢ୺ㄒ࡜ࡋࡓ᏶஢ศモᵓᩥࠋ“having been set for the first of March”ࠕ㸱᭶㸯᪥࡟タᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࠖ

5.

࢔6.

࢚muchthe same ࢆಟ㣭࡛ࡁࡿㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ much ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ“much the same” ࠕ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ྠࡌࠖthere“For there to be so many concerns about the board’s decision is natural”ࠕ⌮஦఍ࡢỴᐃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ከࡃࡢᠱᛕࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᙜ↛ࡔࠖfor there ࡛ to be ௨ୗࡢព࿡ୖࡢ୺ㄒࢆ⾲ࡍࠋThere are somany concerns about the board’s decision.࡜࠸࠺ᩥࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡋ࡚୙ᐃモ࡛ྃ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

7.

࢘

but“but”ࠕ㹼௨እࡢࠖ “everyone but him”ࠕᙼ௨እࡢ඲ဨࠖ

8.

࢖

9.

࢘

protective“be protective of㹼”ࠕ㹼ࢆᏲࡿࠖand“Five minutes earlier, and I would have been able to catch the express train.”ࠕࡶ࠺㸳ศ᪩ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ᛴ⾜࡟஌ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡟ࠖ
ࠋ࿨௧ᩥ and…ࡢᙧࢆ㐃᝿ࡍࡿࠋ“and”ࠕࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࠖ

10.

࢔

what
“with what little energy she had left”ࠕᙼዪࡣṧࡗࡓࢃࡎ࠿ࡢయຊࢆ᣺ࡾ⤠ࡗ࡚ࠖ“what little ୙ྍ⟬ྡモ S’ V’…”ࠕS’ࡀ V’ࡍࡿᑡ࡞࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ୙ྍ⟬ྡモࠖ

㸱
1.

࢔

the pot calling the kettle blackࠕ⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᲴ࡟ୖࡆ࡚ேࢆᢈุࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠖ    㸻 hypocriticalࠕഇၿⓗ࡞ࠖ    ୍ぢṇࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪㈐௵ࢆ௚ே࡟࡞ࡍࡾࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠕഇၿⓗࠖ࡜࠸࠺㑅  ᢥ⫥ࡀࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࠋ
2.

࢖stainsࠕࡋࡳࠖ㸻 marks
࢚ࡢ polka-dots ࡣ㸪ࠕỈ⋢ᶍᵝࠖࡢព

3.

࢚

tormentedࠕࡉ࠸࡞ࡲࢀࡿ㸪ⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀࡿࠖ㸻 troubled

4.

࢚

wittyࠕᶵ▱࡟࡜ࢇࡔ㸪Ẽࡀ฼࠸࡚㠃ⓑ࠸ࠖ㸻 amusing5.

࢚

postulateࠕ㹼ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡍࡿࠖ㸻 assume

6.

࢖

ruptureࠕ᩿⿣ࠖ㸻 tear7.

࢔carry outࠕ㹼ࢆ⾜࠺ࠖ㸻 perform

8.

࢘

obscureࠕୡ࡟▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ㸻 unknown9.

࢚

cut cornersࠕᡭࢆᢤࡃ㸪⤒㈝࣭᫬㛫࡞࡝ࢆ⠇⣙ࡋ࡚Ᏻ᫆࡞᪉ἲࢆ࡜ࡿࠖ
㸻 prioritize speed over qualityࠕရ㉁ࡼࡾࡶ᫬㛫ࢆඃඛࡍࡿࠖ

10.

࢔

filled me inࠕே࡟ヲ⣽࡞᝟ሗࢆఏ࠼ࡿࠖ㸻 explained what I had missedҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸲
1.

࢘ ࠕࢪࣙࢫࣜࣥࡀ “locked in” ࡜࠸࠺ሙྜ㸪ᜍࡽࡃᙼዪࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
7 ࡘ┠ࡢ Bert ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “So should we get started on your booking , then?” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪Bert ࡀ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ఍ሙࡢண⣙ࢆࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ྰ࠿ࢆ⪺࠸ࡓᚋ㸪7 ࡘ┠ࡢ Jocelyn ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ “I’d love to, but wehaven’t locked in the launch date.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢᩥࡣࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕࣮ࡢ㛤ദ᪥ࡀࡲࡔࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ࡜ண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋlock in ࡣࠕỴᐃࡍࡿࠖࠋ

2.

࢖ ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࢖࣋ࣥࢺ఍ሙ࡟࠿࠿ࡿ㔠㢠ࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖ
3 ࡘ┠ࡢ Bert ࡢⓎゝ➨ 3 ᩥ㹼➨ 4 ᩥ࡟ “As we discussed, you would have full use of the AV equipment
at no extra charge, or the option of bringing your own. In the latter case, however, there’s no discount.” ࡜࠶ࡿࠋഛ࠼௜ࡅࡢ㡢㡪ᫎീᶵჾࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪⮬ศࡢࡶࡢࢆᣢࡕ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡶᩱ㔠ࡀኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

3.

࢔ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢪࣙࢫࣜࣥࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖ
9 ࡘ┠ࡢ Jocelyn ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥ㹼➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ “Wait̿we have to do that, too? I’m not sure that reallysuits us.” ࡜࠶ࡿࠋthat ࡣ┤๓ࡢ Bert ࡢⓎゝ࡟࠶ࡿ clean up ࢆᣦࡍࠋBert ࡣࠕ⮬ศࡀᣢࡕ㎸ࢇࡔࡶࡢࢆ∦௜ࡅࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡇࡢゝⴥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡀ㸪Jocelyn ࡣࡇࢀࢆࠕ఍ሙࢆᤲ㝖ࡍࡿࠖ࡜ゎ㔘ࢆࡋ࡚㸪ᤲ㝖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟㞴Ⰽࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

4.

࢔ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࢖࣋ࣥࢺ఍ሙࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖ
6 ࡘ┠ࡢ Bert ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ “The space is fully accessible : ramps and elevators here, barrier-freebathrooms over there, and priority parking downstairs on the street level.” ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣮ࣟࣉ㸪࢚࣮ࣞ࣋ࢱ࣮㸪ࣂࣜ࢔ࣇ࣮ࣜᑐᛂࢺ࢖ࣞ㸪ඃඛ㥔㌴ሙ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࡢ᪋タࡀ㌟య㞀☀⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚౑࠸ࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

5.

࢖ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪Podcast Review ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ṇࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖ
2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Jonah ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ “Once a week, our program will review two podcasts chosen from thetop ten recent releases and then rate them from lowest, at one star, to highest, at five stars.” ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ᭱᪂
ࡢୖ఩ 10 ␒⤌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᢈホࢆࡍࡿ␒⤌࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

6.

࢚ࠕࢪࣙࢼࡀ “hard hitting” ࡜࠸࠺ሙྜ㸪ᜍࡽࡃᙼዪࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
4 ࡘ┠ࡢ Jonah ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥᚋ༙࡟ “~ , he asks a lot of hard-hitting questions that challenge his guests
with their difficulty.”࡜࠶ࡿࠋࢤࢫࢺࢆᣮⓎࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ཝࡋ࠸㉁ၥ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋhard-hitting
ࡣࠕ③Ⅿ࡞ࠖ

7.

࢘ ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢸ࢕ࢼࡀࢳࣕࢻ࣭ࣛࢵࢭࣝࡢ࣏ࢵࢻ࢟ࣕࢫࢺ࡟ 3 ࡘᫍࢆ௜ࡅࡓ୺࡞⌮⏤ࡣఱ࠿ࠖ
5 ࡘ┠ࡢ Tina ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ “I’m not much of a sports fan, so I find the sports interview topics boring,~.” ࡜࠶ࡿࠋTina ࡀࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࡞ࡃࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

8.

࢚ ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪Modern Relationships ࡢ␒⤌ෆᐜ࡛࡞࠸ࡢࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࡔࠖ
6 ࡘ┠ࡢ Tina ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥࡢ “It covers different types of relationships: marital, friendship, family,and more.” ࡣ࢔ࠕẕࡢ⤎࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ≀ㄒࠖ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ㸪➨ 2 ᩥࡢ “There are personal essays read aloudby famous people ~.”ࡣࠕ᭷ྡே࡟ࡼࡿࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ㸪7 ࡘ┠ࡢ Jonah ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥࡢ“The episodes are a reasonable length at 30 minutes, ~.” ࡣ࢘ࠕ30 ศࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࠖ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࠋ㸳ၥ 1 ࢘ ᣦ⣠ドᣐ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ“Fingerprints were used ~ as early as 300 BCE” ࠕᣦ⣠ࡣ⣖ඖ๓ 300 ᖺ࠿ࡽ㹼⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࡀ㸪1902 ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚ “some British courts began to use fingerprint evidence”
ࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢἲᘐ࡛ࡣᣦ⣠ドᣐࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫἲᘐ࡛ࡢ౑⏝ࡀ 4
ࡢ “This new practice” ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࠋ 3 ࡢࡳ⌧ᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜࠋࡼࡗ࡚ 2 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 3 ࡀṇゎࠋ
ၥ 2 ࢚ ▼Ⅳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ3 ࡛ࡣ㸪▼Ⅳࡢ⫯ᐃⓗഃ㠃ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪2 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ࡛ࡣྰᐃⓗഃ㠃ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ࡢᩥ୰࡟ however ࡀ㸪4 ࡢᩥ㢌࡟ Furthermore ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪3 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 4 ࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࡲࡓ 1 ࡢ “this ecological impact” ࡣ㸪4 ࡢ “acid rain and global warming” ࢆᣦࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ 3 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 1 ࡀṇゎࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

ၥ 3 ࢖ ࢝ࢨࣇࢫࢱ࡛ࣥࡢ⣚Ⲕࡢᥦ౪ࡢ௙᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ
ࡲࡎ 1 ࡢ “In some countries” ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ 2 ࡛ࡣ “InKazakhstan” ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ࡢ “keeps the tea from getting cold” ࡸ “returning theempty cup” ࡣ㸪ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿ⣚Ⲕࡀᑡ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪 This ࡣ㸪4 ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪࢝ࢨࣇࢫࢱ࡛ࣥ “the cup is only one-quarter full” ࠕࢸ࢕࣮࢝ࢵࣉࡢ 4 ศࡢ 1 ࡋ࠿‶ࡓࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍࠋ In fact, ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ 3 ࡣ㸪௜ຍⓗ࡟࢝ࢨࣇࢫࢱ࡛ࣥࡢ⣚Ⲕࡢᥦ౪ࡢ
௙᪉ࡢᴟ➃࡞౛ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ 1 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 3 ࡀṇゎࠋ
ၥ 4 ࢚ “phony” ࡜࠸࠺༢ㄒࡢㄒ※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ 4 ࡢ this trick ࡣ㸪2 ࡢ “ring trick” ࠕᣦ㍯ࢺࣜࢵࢡࠖࢆ
ᣦࡋ㸪3 ୰ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ it ࡣ㸪4 ࡢ “a cheap ring” ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 4 Ѝ 3 ࡛ࠕᣦ㍯ࢺࣜࢵࢡࠖࡢ
ලయⓗෆᐜ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ 2 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 3 ࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ2 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 3 ࡣ ⥛ࡾࡀ “phony” ࡜࡞ࡿ௨๓ࡢෆᐜ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪1 ࡣ᭱ᚋ࡜ࡍ࡭ࡁࠋࡼࡗ࡚ 2 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 3 Ѝ 1 ࡀṇゎࠋ㸴(1) ࢔✵ᡤ(1)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࣥࢡࡢᩘࡣ㹼࠿ࡽኚࢃࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᕥࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡜㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆぢẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪ኚ໬ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㑅ᢥ⫥࢔ࡢ 2014 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2015 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼ
ࡗ࡚ “2014 to 2015” ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ(2) ࢖✵ᡤ(2)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕ㎰ᴗ┬࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㟂せࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛᪂ࡓ࡞ࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࣥࢡࡢᩘࡀቑຍࡋ㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ 2018 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 2013 ᖺࡢ㹼ಸࡢࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࣥࢡࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᕥࡢࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪2018 ᖺࡢ 60 ᅋయࡣ 2013 ᖺࡢ 10 ᅋయࡢ 6 ಸ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾ “six” ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍ
ࡿࠋ(3) ࢖✵ᡤ(3)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪
ࠕ2019 ᖺࡢᑠࡉ࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡࡢᚋ㸪2020 ᖺࡢ㣗ရࣟࢫࡣ 2013ᖺࡢ್ࡢ㹼࡟ࡲ࡛ῶࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋྑࡢࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ 2020 ᖺࡢ 400 ୓ࢺࣥࡣ 2013ᖺࡢ 1200 ୓ࢺࣥࡢ 3 ศࡢ 1 ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾ “one-third” ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ(4) ࢘✵ᡤ(4)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪
ࠕ2020 ᖺࡣ㸪㣗ရࣟࢫࡀ 600 ୓ࢺࣥ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠿ࡽ㹼ᖺ┠࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶグ㘓ࡋࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋྑࡢࢢࣛࣇ୰࡛᭱ึ࡟ 600 ୓ࢺࣥ௨ୗ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ2014 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ௨㝆 600 ୓ࢺࣥࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃ 2020 ᖺࡣ 6 ᖺ┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ “sixth”ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ

㸵
(1)“~ what has long been thought impossible for machines to do ~” ࠕᶵᲔࡀ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡞ࡀࡽࡃ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࠖ୺ㄒࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㛵ಀ௦ྡモ⠇ෆࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ tough ᵓᩥࢆྵࢇࡔ 5 ᩥᆺࡢཷືែࠋ“~ compose music that resonates with the human soul, ~” ࠕே㛫ࡢ㨦࡟㡪ࡃ㡢ᴦࢆ๰ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ⿵ㄒࢆᵓᡂ
ࡍࡿཎᙧ୙ᐃモࠋᩥࡢ୺ㄒ࡟ do ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡓࡵཎᙧ୙ᐃモ࡛ to ୙ᐃモ࡟௦⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ“~, given that they are incapable of understanding ~” ࠕᶵᲔࡣ㹼ࢆ⌮ゎฟ᮶࡞࠸࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠖ they ࡣmachines ࢆᣦࡍࠋgiven that ~ ࠕ㹼ࡔ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠖ᮲௳ࢆ⾲ࡍ᥋⥆モࠋࡇࡢ๪モ⠇ࡣ㛵ಀモ⠇ෆ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ୺ᩥࢆಟ㣭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ㄒ㡰ࢆᕤኵࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

(2)“~ listeners with a finely-tuned ear for music” ࠕ㡢ᴦ࡟㐀ユࡢ῝࠸⪺ࡁᡭࡓࡕࠖ with ~ ࠕ㹼ࢆഛ࠼ࡓࠖ
ear ࠕ㚷㈹ຊࠖ
“~ found it unexpectedly difficult to ~” ࠕ㹼ࢆពእ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠖᙧᘧ┠ⓗㄒ it ࡣ to ௨ୗࡢෆᐜ
ࢆᣦࡍࠋ“~ distinguish between pieces created by a human and those produced by artificial intelligence.” ࠕே㛫࡟ࡼࡗ࡚๰ࡽࢀࡓసရ࡜ AI ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓࡑࢀࠖ ௦ྡモ those ࡣ pieces ࢆᣦࡍࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸶(1) ࠕ❺ヰࠖ a children’s story / a story for children / a fairy tale ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ୺ேබࠖ a main character / a protagonist / a hero ࡞࡝ࠋࠕᾏᗏࠖ under the sea / under water / on the sea bed ࡞࡝ࠋⱥᩥ 3 ⾜┠ࡢ⾲⌧ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࠕࡇࡢୡ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠖ when he comes back to this worldfind ࢆಟ㣭ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ㄒ㡰࡟ὀពࠋࠕఱ༑ᖺࠖ a few dozens of years / many decades ࡞࡝ࠋ(2) ࠕ↓㔜ຊ࡛ࠖ in zero gravity / under no gravity ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ㣕⾜ࡍࡿࠖ travel ࡞࡝ࠋࠕᏱᐂ⯪ࠖ a spaceship / a spacecraft ࡞࡝ࠋ
ࠕග㏿࡟㏆࡙ࡃࠖ reach the speed of light / travel nearly as fast as light ࡞࡝ࠋࠕᆅ⌫࡛ࠖ on Earth / on the earth ࡞࡝ࠋࠕࡣࡿ࠿࡟㐜ࡃࠖ much slower / far slower ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ⤒㐣ࡍࡿࠖ lapse / pass ࡞࡝ࠋࠕᨭᣢࡍࡿࠖ support / confirm ࡞࡝ࠋㅮホ㸯㹙㛗ᩥෆᐜ୍⮴㹛 㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧 ࠕ࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡢᑟධ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ⎔ቃ⿕ᐖࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋෆᐜࡣࡸࡸ㥆ᰁࡳࡢ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛㸪⌮ゎࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᑡࡋ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋタၥࡣ⣲┤࡞ࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋ(ࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟࢜࢜ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝࡢヰ㢟ࡣ 2009 ᖺࡢᮾி་⛉኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶฟ㢟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ)㸰㹙ᩥἲᅄᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧㸱㹙ྠ⩏⾲⌧㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧඾ᆺⓗ࡞ฟ㢟ෆᐜ࡛㸪ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜Ꮫ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᚓⅬࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡸࡸ㧗ᗘ࡞▱㆑ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿタၥࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᩥ⬦࡛⤠ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ㸲㹙఍ヰ㛗ᩥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧఍ヰࡢ≧ἣࡣㄞࡳ㐍ࡵࢀࡤᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪᝟ሗࢆṇ☜࡟ᣠࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋタၥࡢ᰿ᣐࡣぢࡘࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ㸳㹙ᩥᩚᗎ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ᣦ♧ㄒࡸ௦ྡモࢆุ᩿ᇶ‽࡟ࡋ࡚⟅࠼ࢆฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿタၥࡀከ࠸ࠋ㸴㹙ᅗ࣭ࢢࣛࣇ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆṇ☜࡟ㄞࡳྲྀࡿຊࢆヨࡍၥ㢟ࡔࡀ㸪≉࡟㞴ࡋࡉࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕస᭤ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ AIࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࡢ 2 ࠿ᡤࢆ࿴ヂࡍࡿၥ㢟ࠋᵓ㐀ࢆᢕᥱ㸵㹙࿴ヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧㸶㹙ⱥヂ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧 ࠕ࢘ࣛࢩ࣐ຠᯝࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࡢ 2 ࠿ᡤࢆⱥヂࡍࡿၥ㢟ࠋᩥ୰࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡋࡘࡘࡶ㸪᝟ሗࢆ࠺ࡲࡃᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡿ⾲⌧ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢㄒᙡຊࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ኱ၥᵓᡂ㸪ၥ㢟㔞ཬࡧ㞴᫆ᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ౛ᖺ୪ࡳࠋ┠ᶆࡣ 65%

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