University of Tokyo/
UNOOSA ICG

GNSS Training
January 2022
GALILEO Status Update
Dominic Hayes
European Commission

Expanding Horizons
New integrated EUSpace
Programme
established by the newSpaceRegulation
covering the period upto 2027

Galileo /EGNOS
Copernicus

EUSpaceSecureConnectivity

Space
Awareness

Partners Working Together
Objectives /Oversight

Exploitation
Manager

DesignAuthority

Framework
Partnership
AgreementGalileo Constellation Status
C05
C4C5

B4B5

Navigation (22 in service)
Search and Rescue (24 in service)
26 satellites in orbit
2 unhealthy (NAV P/L only)

1 spare1 unavailable
2 no SAR (by design)

GSAT 104 (Spare, NAVANT failure), relocation from C05 to C4C5
completed on 12/05/2021
GSAT 204 (Spare, SAR operational), relocation from B03 to B4B5
completed on 06/05/2021
GSAT 201/202 (set to unhealthy)

Plane A

Plane B

Plane C

GSAT 227/228 launched 04 Dec 2021:
LEOP and testing proceeding well

L11 slots in Plane B: B03, B5B6

Stable As-observed Ranging Performance

START OF INITIAL SERVICES

GSAT0101 THE ONLY SATELLITE ON RAFS••Decreasing Ranging Error trend due to increasing number of Satellites and G/S improvements
Ranging accuracy (95%) 0.22m all satellites, in August 2021 (FNAV)START OF INITIAL SERVICES

Ranging Performance (Log scale)

6NEW MINIMUM reachedsince GSS sites consolidated!
Improved OSPF robustness andGSS data availability•••

SISE Constellation Average computed as 30 days moving average
Decreasing Ranging Error trend due to increasing number of Satellites and G/S improvements
Ranging accuracy (95%) 0.22m all satellites, in August 2021 (FNAV)

6Best Satellite GSAT0214 (PHM-A) 16cm (95%) in May 2021 | Worst Satellite GSAT0101 (RAFS-A) 40cm (95%) in Jan 2021

Galileo Timing Availability STABLE
Broadcast UTC Offset~3.7ns (95%) < 30ns IS target

GGTO accuracy~3.0ns (95%) < 20ns IS target• Evaluated with calibrated timing GPS/Galileo receiver operated in UTC(k) laboratory (PTB, INRIM)• Deployment of new V2B.08.01.00 in all 4 GSS PTFs, including GRCPs• GSSPTFs delay calibration complete for GRCNs and GRCPs

Progress Pushed by Pandemic

July 2019

Galileo, HAS… started testingConfiguration
GPS L1-L2
Galileo E1-E5b

Orbital Error components [cm], RMS
RadialAlongCross
3.2
9.9
4.9
3.2
6.9
5.1

Preliminary results from HAS Phase 0(demonstration phase).
 September 2020, 14 stations (not so many!) 15-min orbit prediction, 3-day arcs.

Main difference wrt standard ODTS: Continous clock estimation
 IAR for ODTS satellite-station measurements

User receiver PPP results promising.

*: 1D mean RMS; Reference: CNES products from IGS; Source: AALECS & MAGICGNSS, GMV

Total orbital
clock error [ns], RMSerror [cm]*
6.6
0.26
5.3
0.15

Galileo HAS… even better accuracy• HAS SIS testing started with CS Demonstrator on May 2021
(Phase 0), under EUSPA coordination. Early results promising• The European Commission expects HAS signal to continue
with a high availability for next steps (Call For Interest, ICDpublication), until HAS Initial Service declaration (2022)

Source: Galileo FOC roadmap

HAS First Test Results (1/2)• Results from signal-in-space test on 25/5/21• Horizontal/vertical error below 20/40 cm 95% , after convergence• Technical configuration: Galileo-only, dual-frequency (E1-E5b, iono-free),floating PPP solution, at Tres Cantos, Spain, static, open sky; Septentrio
AsteRx4 receiver and MagicPPP; no code/phase biases transmitted.

HAS First Test Results (2/2)• Results improve by combining Galileo + GPS (L1CA-L2P)• Phase 1 will assume no iono model, even Nequick not sufficiently accurate• Phase 2 will use an updated Nequick model (Europe) to further improve accuracy

Source: GMV, MagicPPP; NB: RMS/p68-95-99 values cover both convergence and stationary stateGalileo HAS… moved forward

It’s a matter of Trust• OSNMA over-the-air testing since November 2020
without affecting standard OS users. Different
OSNMA configurations and processes (key renewal,revocation, etc.) have been successfully tested.
 Worldwide dissemination with up to 20 connected satellites
and “cross-authentication” concept
 No degradation of OS PVT accuracy

 Availability of authentic PVT equivalent to standard OS forusers with synchronisation requirements better or equal to30 seconds (works for receiver with time reference up to 5min error)• Next steps: OSNMA ICD/guidelines/keys
publication and start of “Public Observation Phase”• Commercial Authentication Service (includingsignal authentication) assisted concept
consolidated and under prototyping…stay tuned!

The Galileo Emergency Warning Service…
••
•
•••
•
•

Global coverageNo ‘mobile’ connection required - Resilience to grounddestruction
Uses existing Open Service signal spare capacity
Multi-hazard (tornadoes, earthquakes, nuclear disaster orindustrial disaster, terrorist attacks, …)
On-demand broadcast of an alert message + associatedguidance by Local Civil Protection Authorities
Complementary to existing systems
Reach out population in a timely manner (2-3 minutes),
whatever the size of the area
Geo-location information encoded in the message totarget only the relevant population•Synergies with Copernicus Emergency Management
Service and its other system capabilities•

An interoperable solution studied in cooperation withJapan and India

Example of target area for analert message, defined by ellipse.
Ellipse radius is adjustable

SAR …The Return• Remote Activation of Beacons
 Under “MRD” formalisation

12
3

Remote Activation Request
Beacon Distress Alert Messages

Tracking

Confirmation of activation and Tracking EUROCAE standard approved• RCC (or airline) can contact Galileo toremotely activate a beacon via the RLM ofGalileo• Use cases: Aviation: aircraft disappearance,
Un-responsive crew; Maritime: overduevessel• Two-way (distress) communication• Enabled by the long Return Link Message;
based on predefined Q&A helping therescue mission• Distress Position Sharing• RCC can contact Galileo to share the position of abeacon user in distress with other nearby users

Air Traffic Service UnitAccredited User

Rescue Coordination Center(ATSU)(aRAAU)(RCC)

National Authority1Activation
Mission Control Center(aRAMCC)<3Service Facility

Cospas-Sarsat System(aRASF)(C/S incl. Local MCC)aRAAU - aviation Remote
Activation Accredited User,aRASF - aviation Remote
Activation Service Facility,
aRAMCC - aviation Remote
Activation Service Mission Control
Centre, C/S - Cospas-Sarsat system andnetwork, ELT(DT) – Emergency Locator
Transmitter Distress Tracking, RCC - Rescue
Coordination Centre, MCC – Mission Control Centre

BeaconELT(DT)

2

Distress messages

Fast…but not Furious !
G2G Service Portfolio and High Level Mission
Objectives adopted• Advanced Timing Services• Space Service Volume• ARAIM – coming back to serving SoL• Emergency Warning Services• Search And Rescue – Innovative services
Ionosphere Prediction Service• Signals Evolution – increased performanceat user level (reduced power consumption,TTFF, accuracy, authentication, etc.)• SAR 2nd Generation Beacons• PRS evolutions

Far and Beyond
Quantum
SecuredConnectivty

LEO
New Clocks
SoLServices

As One Among Others• Bilateral Cooperation
with other core
constellation providers• Define new services
collaboratively• SAR / RLS / 2-way COM• Emergency WarningDistribution• Advanced RAIM for
Safety of Life
• Authentication
solutionsInternational/multi-lateral• ITU: Coordinate anddefend GNSS Spectrum• UN-ICG: service
provision andperformance monitoring• ICAO: Galileo standards
adopted in Nov 202019

Additional General GNSS TopicInterference to GNSS

Radio Frequency Interference• RF interference is an electromagnetic disturbance generated by
an external source that affects the RF receiver’s circuitry• Can be unintentional or intentional, from sources in-band or out-ofband• RF interference between GNSS systems are carefully managed
through bilateral coordination process set up by the ITU• However, recent trend with technology is creating to higher
spectrum demand• Increased potential for RF interference from sources other than GNSSsystems
21

Optimizing spectrum allocations• ITU Radio Regulations divide radio spectrum into separate"allocations" to reduce the potential for interference
between different types of radio use– eg GNSS and TV have separate frequencies• To minimize interference, "guard bands" between very
different services have been used in the past22

Why manage spectrum?
• If GNSS signals share frequencies with high power
terrestrial systems, eg mobile phones, GNSS reception
would not be possible• To avoid interference, the Radio Regulations separate
different service types (eg terrestrial mobile, satcoms, TV)
into different frequency bands or "allocations", eg,• mobile at 900MHz• TV at 600MHz• satcoms at 1650MHz• GNSS at 1575MHz

Terrestrial transmitter next to a GNSS receiver• Imagine a GNSS receiver operating a short distance from abase station or mobile phone• the terrestrial signal levels could be many billion times larger
than the GNSS signals• if the frequency separation is insufficient, there is a real riskthat frequency edges of the terrestrial system will swamp theGNSS receiver• the ITU spends many years working out the appropriate
frequency separations to reduce interference• and, to prevent interference between systems, national
regulators apply ITU recommendations

Minimise interference, maximise benefits• The Radio Regulations are the result of many decades ofcompatibility studies• Experts at the ITU consider the specific characteristics andoperational aspects of systems• the experts evaluate whether systems can either share thesame frequencies or use frequencies adjacent to each other• these are the radio compatibility studies• the experts also define recommendations to facilitate
harmonious use of the spectrum• The Radio Regulations generally work!

Happy to answer questions