NATIONALENERGY EFFICIENCYACTION PLAN

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Table of Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.

Executive Summary................................................................................................................. 5

2. Background ................................................................................................................................. 9

3.

2.1

The Institutional Setup and Regulatory Framework on Energy Efficiency ............... 10

2.2

Past and Current Initiatives on Energy Efficiency.......................................................... 11

2.3

Identified Barriers to Energy Efficiency......................................................................... 14

A Plan for Energy Efficiency .................................................................................................. 16
3.1

Energy Efficiency Potentials .......................................................................................... 16

3.2

The Guiding Principles of the Plan ................................................................................ 19

3.3 The Thrusts of the Plan ....................................................................................................... 20
3.3.1 Strategic Thrusts .......................................................................................................... 20
3.4

Targets and Impact of National Ten-Year Energy Efficiency Action Plan ..................... 21

3.5 Strengthening EE Legislation .............................................................................................. 23
4.

Strategic Actions ................................................................................................................... 24
4.1 Action 1: Establish a Dedicated Section for NEEAP in EC ................................................. 24

5.

4.2

Action 2: Funding for Energy Efficiency ........................................................................ 26

4.3

Action 3: Government Led Initiatives ........................................................................... 26

4.4

Action 4: Capacity Building ........................................................................................... 27

4.5

Action 5: Research and Development .......................................................................... 27

Key Initiatives........................................................................................................................ 29
5.1

Overview of Key Initiatives and Programmes ............................................................... 29

5.2

Key initiative 1: Promotion of 5-Star Rated Appliances................................................ 31

5.2.1.

Programme : 5-star Refrigerators......................................................................... 32

5.2.2.

Programme: 5-Star Air-Conditioners .................................................................... 33

5.3

Key initiative 2: Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) ............................. 34

5.3.1.

Programme: Promotion of Efficient Lighting ........................................................ 34

5.3.2.

Programme: High Efficiency Motors..................................................................... 35

5.4

Key initiative 3: Energy Audits in Buildings and Industries ........................................... 36

5.4.1.
Programmes: Energy A u d i t s a n d M a n a g e m e n t in C o m m e r c i a l ,Industrial a n d G o v e r n m e n t Facilities ............................................................................ 36
5.5

Key initiative 4: Promotion of Co-generations .............................................................. 41

5.6

Key initiative 5: Energy Efficient Building Design .......................................................... 42

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

6.

Costs and Benefits................................................................................................................. 44

7.

Monitoring of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan Progress..................................... 46
7.1

Energy Efficiency Monitoring Framework..................................................................... 47

7.1.1.

Energy Efficiency Indicator.................................................................................... 47

7.1.2. Reporting the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan Implementation Progress ........ 47
8.0

Impact ............................................................................................................................... 48

8.1.

Economic Impact .......................................................................................................... 48

8.2.

Environmental Impact .................................................................................................. 48

8.2.1.
8.3.

Final Electricity Energy Demand (FEED) and CO2 emission .................................. 48

Social Impact................................................................................................................. 48

List of Figures
Figure 1: Economic growth rates and Energy growth rates.......................................................... 16
Figure 2: Final energy intensity and Industrial energy intensity. ................................................. 17
Figure 3: The electricity savings and percentage of savings by the National Energy Efficiency
Action Plan ................................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 4: Linkages of target and impact with major stakeholders ................................................ 22
Figure 5: The organisational Structure of NEEAP Project Team ................................................. 25

List of Tables
Table 1: Key Initiaves................................................................................................................... 30
Table 2: The cash-flow of National Energy Efficiency Action Plan ............................................ 44
Table 3: Impact of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan .................................................. 49

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Foreword
The proposed NEEAP contained herein incorporates the view of majority of the
stakeholders and working group collated at the various stages of deliberations of theoriginal NEEMP documents. This Report therefore only focuses on the final outcome of
NEEAP. Invariably, it does not include all the process trails of the previous findings.
Notwithstanding that, references of them are made from time to time when the occasion
arises.

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1.

Executive Summary

Malaysia is a developing country where its growing population and expansion of
economic activities especially in the manufacturing sector have been the major drivers
for the increasing demand for energy supply. Historically, the nation’s energy demand
growth rates were higher than the growth rates of its Gross Domestic Products (GDP).
The energy demand growth, especially the demand growth for electricity, wasaccelerated by the industrialisation process in the past two decades. The imbalance
ratio between energy demand and GDP is indicative of the more energy-intensive
economic activities driving the growth. In this regard, the need to promote efficientuse of energy in the country has become clear. However, the effort requires soundenergy efficiency policies supported with good strategies and implementable
programmes.
Since 2000, Malaysia’s energy intensity (energy/GDP) has been rising. This implies
that over time Malaysia uses more energy to produce a unit of GDP and this provides
a compelling reason for Malaysia to improve its efficiency of energy use. Energy
efficiency offers an effective and efficient energy policy instrument to address
the energy supply security issue as well as energy-related environmental issue inthe country. At the same time, energy efficiency is also one of the ways that will leadthe country to a sustainable energy path.
Energy efficiency improvement at demand-side is a crucial parts of the energy sector
development as the demand dictates the energy supply and fuel consumption. Savingson the demand side will reduce the energy losses due to distribution and transmissionof power, losses in power generation plants, and the energy use associated withextraction and transportation of fuels. In energy terms, saving one unit of energy inthe demand side will save 3-4 units of primary fuels. In addition, investments inenergy supply facilities such as power plants and grid can be deferred or postponed.
In this regard, the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, devised for the country,
including Sabah and Sarawak, is focused to tackle issues pertaining to energy supply
by managing demand efficiently. The Plan prescribes a path towards improving
energy efficiency by pursuing the implementation of measures that are considered as“harvesting the low hanging fruits”, as they are viable for the nation as well as the end
users. The plan is built upon the experiences and knowledge from past programmes
and projects, which were implemented by various institutions and agencies, but waslacking in terms of a coherent framework to ensure sustainability in the longer term.
The lessons from the past experiences have given the understanding on the main

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National Energy Efficiency Action Planbarriers that impeded the progress and success of past energy efficiency improvement
efforts in Malaysia. The barriers can be categorised as:






Low energy prices;
Lack of finance for energy efficiency;
Lack of overall national plan for Energy Efficiency;
Lack of champion to drive Energy Efficiency; andLack of consistency in embarking on energy efficiency.

Therefore, the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan presents the instruments for a
successful implementation of energy efficiency strategies in the country for a periodof 10 years which will address and mitigate those barriers.
The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan presents a strategy for a wellcoordinated and cost-effective implementation of energy efficiency measures in theindustrial, commercial and residential sectors, which will lead to reduced energy
consumption and economic savings for the consumers and the nation. However, it
must be borne in mind that the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan is only
confined to electricity usage and does not cover the other aspects of the energy sector.
The aim of the plan is to promote energy efficiency in order to meet the following
policy direction:“PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY TO ENSURE PRODUCTIVE USE OF ENERGY
AND MINIMISE WASTE IN ORDER TO CONTRIBUTE TO SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT AND INCREASED WELFARE AND COMPETITIVENESS.”In meeting the policy direction, the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan will besupported by 4 main thrusts that will drive the nation towards a sustainable energy
path:
Thrust 1: Implementation of Energy Efficiency Action Plan;Thrust 2: Strengthen Institutional Framework, capacity development and training
for Implementation of Energy Efficiency initiatives
Thrust 3: Establishment of Sustainable Funding Mechanisms to Implement Energy
Efficiency Initiatives;
Thrust 4: Promotion of Private Sector Investment in Energy Efficiency Initiatives

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The above 4 thrusts will help eliminate the existing barriers and ensure that energy
consumers in the targeted sectors will be encouraged to adopt and adapt energy
efficiency as a way of life and reap the benefits that energy efficiency could provide.

The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan contains 10 specific energy efficiency
programmes covering 3 sectors to be implemented over a 10 years period.
The programmes can be grouped into 5 key initiatives related to the design of the
programmes. i.e:Initiative 1: Promotion of 5-Star Rated Appliances;
Initiative 2: Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS);
Initiative 3: Energy Audits and Energy Management in Buildings andIndustries;
Initiative 4: Promotion of co-generation
Initiative 5: Energy Efficient Building Design.
The target of National Energy Efficiency Action Plan is to save electricity and reduce
electricity demand growth. The effective and efficient implementation of the National
Energy Efficiency Action Plan supported with sufficient resources will be able to save
52,233 GWh of electricity over the plan period against a business-as-usual (BAU)
scenario. The corresponding electricity demand growth reduction at the end of theplan is 8 . 0 % . The electricity savings will eventually lead to a reduction in peakdemand and the need to build new power plants in future. In other words, National
Energy Efficiency Action Plan’s achievement will improve the electricity load profile
by better management of peaking load in the power system. A straight-forward
calculation of peak demand reduction from the National Energy Efficiency Action
Plan implementation will result in a total capacity saving of 2,526 MW. The fuelsavings derived from the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan will also lead toless environmental impact and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The total
reduction of greenhouse gas emission over the plan is projected to be 3 8 million
tonnes CO2 equivalent. A total reduction of 88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent will beachieved over the lifetime of the energy-efficient technologies adopted and adaptedfrom the plan implementation.

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The effective and efficient implementation of the National Energy Efficiency Action
Plan’s programmes requires an average governmental budget allocation of RM 54.3
million annually. The budget will cover the cost to administer and incentivise the
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan’s programmes. The public expenditure on
the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, a total of RM 543 million, will be
leveraged by the private sector investments. A total of RM 5,781 million private
sector investments will be induced over the plan. From this investment amount, thelargest share will be spent on the adaptation of energy-efficient technologies.
The public and private expenditure on National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
programmes, amounting to a total of RM 6, 324 million, will result in a total direct
monetary saving benefit of RM 18,518 million. The direct monetary benefit is thevalue of total electricity saved by the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan,
calculated based on the current electricity tariff. The other indirect benefits, i.e.
capacity savings and greenhouse gas reduction are not included in the direct monetary
benefit.
The cost-benefit ratio of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, which is
calculated by dividing the direct monetary benefit with the public and private cost, is
3.2. In other words, every RM 1 spent on the National Energy Efficiency Action
Plan’s programmes will result in a saving of RM 34.20, while the cost-benefit ratio
based on the lifetime savings of energy-efficient technologies adopted and adapted
during the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan is 7.4.

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2. Background
Malaysia is a progressive developing country. Its economic and social development
has been growing fast with energy as one of the main inputs to drive them. Malaysia’s
final energy consumption had increased from 13 million toe in 1990 to about 53
million toe in 2013, reflecting an annual average growth rate of 6.3%. The electricity
consumption during the period grew at an annual average growth rate of 8.2% toreach 116,087 GWh. At the same time, Malaysia’s GDP grew at an annual average
growth rate of 5 .7%. Malaysia is determined to maintain its economic growth overthe next decade, but the growth in its energy consumption must be managed to ensure
the productivity and competitiveness of its economy.
In the process to accelerate its economic and social development, supported by its
current position as a net energy exporter, Malaysia provides subsidies on energy-use
for various levels of users. The energy subsidies amount offered to various energy
users in the country has been growing from year to year, corresponding with thevolatility of global energy prices and growing demand for energy. The subsidies
amount has reached a worrisome level that the government expenditure capacity has
been stretched beyond its ability and has taken the share of other developmental
budget allocation. This situation has prompted the Malaysian Government to review
its policies related to energy subsidies and to take action to manage energy subsidies
with proper mitigation actions. In this regard, energy efficiency offers a soundsolution to mitigate the effects of the gradual removal of energy subsidies.
The need to drive its economic growth while maintaining productivity andcompetitiveness and also the compelling need to rationalise its energy subsidies havemade energy efficiency as one of the key energy policy instrument for Malaysia.
Energy efficiency will benefit the whole society as it encourages reduced overall costs
for energy for the consumers and reduced subsidy payments from the government.
These savings can be directed to more useful purposes in households, industries andother sectors of the society and increase the welfare of the nation. At the same time,
Malaysia also can enhance its security of energy supply through a cost-effective
approach by implementing effective energy-efficiency strategies and programs.
Energy efficiency will help to reduce the burden of energy costs for the consumers butat the same time will ensure that the energy quality and quantity derived from theenergy used are maintained. In addition, energy efficiency will serve as part of thenation’s strategy on climate change and the reduction in the emission of greenhousegasses.

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2.1

The Institutional Setup and Regulatory Framework on Energy
Efficiency

The key agencies involved to promote energy efficiency in Malaysia are theEconomic Planning Unit (EPU) of the Prime Minister’s Department, the Ministry ofEnergy, Green Technology and Water (MEGTW), Ministry of Works, Ministry of
Urban Well Being, Housing and Local Government and the Energy Commission(EC). The role of MEGTW is to formulate and implement energy efficiency policy, in
coordination with the EPU. The EPU’s main role is to allocate sufficient resources forthe implementation of energy efficiency programmes. The EC, established under the
Energy Commission Act 2001, is the regulatory agency for the electricity and the gas
supply industry at the reticulation stage. The Commission’s main tasks are to regulate
the electricity and gas supply industry at the reticulation stage from the technical,
safety and economic aspects. EC also advises the Energy, Green Technology andWater Minister on all matters related to electricity and tariffs including energy
efficiency promotion.
In promoting energy efficiency, MEGTW had enacted a number of legal instruments.
The main legal instrument on energy efficiency promotion is the Electricity Supply
Act (Amendment) 2001 or known as Act A1116. The Act empowers the Energy,
Green Technology and Water Minister under the Section 23A, 23B and 23C of the
Act to promote efficient use of electricity in the country. Subsequent to thisamendment of the Act, MEGTW issued the Efficient Management of Electrical
Energy Regulations 2008. Under these regulations, all installations that consume or
generate 3 million kWh or more of electricity over a period of six months will be
required to engage an electrical energy manager who shall, among others, be
responsible to analyse the total consumption of electrical energy, to advise on thedevelopment and implementation of measures to ensure efficient management ofelectrical energy as well as to monitor the effectiveness of the measures taken. The EC
is empowered to enforce the Energy Efficiency Regulations.
In 1989, the Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts, the predecessor of
MEGTW introduced the Guidelines for Energy Efficiency in Buildings. The
Guidelines was developed as a Malaysian Standard, i.e. MS 1525 – Code of Practiceon Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy for Non-Residential Buildings”
in 2001. The code has been used as a guide in designing energy-efficient buildings in
the country. The code was revised in 2007 and 2014 to incorporate the latest
technological developments. In 2012, the promotion of energy efficiency in newcommercial buildings was made mandatory by the amendment of the Uniform
Building By-Laws (UBBL). Section 38A of the UBBL requires new or renovated
non-residential buildings with air-conditioned space exceeding 4,000 square metres to

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National Energy Efficiency Action Planbe designed to meet the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and the Roof
Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV) of MS 1525. The section also requires thosebuildings to be provided with an Energy Management System (EMS).
The latest regulatory instrument to promote energy efficiency improvement is theElectricity Regulations (Amendment) 2013. The regulations have been amended toallow the implementation of Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) on
selected electrical appliances and lighting. Under the new regulations,refrigerators, air-conditioners, televisions, fans and lamps (Fluorescent, Compact
Fluorescent, Light Emitting Diode and Incandescent) that enter the Malaysian market
or are sold to consumers must meet the minimum energy performance standards asprescribed in the regulation. Furthermore, information related to MEPS of those
products must be made available to consumers by labeling. Labeling of appliances
covered by MEPS will became a mandatory requirement. The regulation will pave theway for the phasing- out of inefficient electrical appliances and lighting.

2.2 Past and Current Initiatives on Energy Efficiency
In the past 10 years, a number of energy efficiency initiatives had been undertaken by
the Malaysian Government. Some of these initiatives were supported by the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Japan External Trade Organisation(JETRO), Energy Conservation Centre Japan (ECCJ) and the Danish International
Development Agency (DANIDA). Those initiatives have led to capacity building invarious aspects of energy efficiency in the country. It has also increased the awarenesson energy efficiency among stakeholders, the private sector and energy users at large.
The initiatives also paved the way for the enactment and formulation of energy
efficiency regulatory instruments for some selected industries in the country.
Some of those key initiatives are:1) Malaysian Green Technology Corporation, formerly Malaysian Energy Centre. A
number of projects have been implemented in the areas of energy efficiency andrenewable energy. Some of the most significant are:a. Malaysian Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Project (MIEEIP) –was a cooperative project between the Malaysian Government and UNDP
with the aim of promoting energy efficiency within the industrial sector.
The project focused on energy auditing of industries, demonstration
projects, rating of high efficient equipment and increasing the awarenessamong industrial consumers on energy efficiency.

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b. Integrated Resource Planning – was a 4-year DANIDA funded project
aimed at providing capacity building on methodologies for effectiveenergy planning and forecasting, taking both supply and demand side
initiatives into account.
c. GEO Building – the building where the present Greentech Malaysia islocated is a demonstration building that had been designed with low
energy features. The energy consumption of the building was designed to
be 50kWh/m2/year - significantly lower than the average of 200
kWh/m2/year of typical office buildings. Furthermore, installation ofphotovoltaic systems brings the net electricity consumption down to about
35kWh/m2/year.
2) Centre for Education and Training in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(CETREE) is a centre located in the campus of University of Science, Penang. At
the initial stage, CETREE’s establishment was assisted by DANIDA. CETREE’s
focus is to increase awareness on energy efficiency and renewable energy among
school children and students. The Centre has developed curricula for primary andsecondary schools and assisted universities in incorporating energy efficiency intheir teaching courses. Furthermore, the centre organises events for schools onenergy efficiency and renewable energy and their exhibition busses visits schools
all over Peninsular Malaysia. The centre is funded by MEGTW for its operationaland developmental expenses.
3) Fiscal Incentives for Energy Efficiency was introduced under the government
financial budget in 2001. The aim is to promote energy efficiency projects andequipment by providing tax incentives. The tax incentives are in the form of
waiver of import duty and sales tax on energy efficient equipment and accelerated
capital allowances or pioneer status for investment in energy efficienttechnologies and projects. These incentives were enhanced over the years.
4) The Green Technology Finance Scheme (GTFS) was launched in January 2010,
with a fund of RM 1.5 Billion to support investments in green technology projects,
which, among others, include energy efficiency. The fund provides a 2% subsidy
to the interest rates offered by commercial banks and a credit guarantee support
for the loan capital. Under the 2013 budget, the Government increased the amountof interest subsidy by RM2.0 billion, making the total amount of green financing
made available by the Government to RM3.5 billion.
5) Sustainability Achieved via Energy Efficiency Program or SAVE was a program
designed under the Economic Transformation Program (ETP) of the Malaysian

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Government in July 2011. The program was aimed to provide cash rebates for thepurchase of energy-efficient refrigerators, air-conditioners and chillers. A total of
RM 45 million was allocated under the program for the rebates and its
promotional campaign activities throughout the country. The budget had covered
the purchases of as many as 100,000 units of refrigerators, 65,000 units of airconditioners and 72,000RT capacity of energy efficient chillers for eligible
domestic consumers and private companies. SAVE has helped to create a market
for energy-efficient appliances and market penetration of those products.
6) Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) is an initiative started in Jan 2013 by the
Malaysian Government to promote energy efficiency in government buildings.
Under the EPC concept, government buildings are allowed to engage energy
services companies (ESCO) to improve energy efficiency. The cost of investment
to implement energy efficiency improvement will be provided by the ESCO,
while the government buildings are allowed to pay the cost of investment by the
ESCO from the savings made from the improvement efforts. The initiative will
help create an ESCO industry in Malaysia as well as ease the government’s
monetary burden on building energy bills.
7) Building Sector Energy Efficiency Project (BSEEP) was started in 2010 and will
last until end of 2016. It is supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF)
and implemented by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the
Malaysia Public Works Department, (Jabatan Kerja Raya-JKR). The Project goal
is to reduce the annual growth rate of Green House Gas emissions in the Malaysia
building sector. BSEEP’s objective is the improvement of the energy utilization
efficiency in Malaysian buildings, particularly those in the commercial andgovernment sectors, by promoting the energy conserving design of new buildings
and by improving the energy utilization efficiency in the operation of existingbuildings through the removal of barriers to the uptake of building energy
efficiency technologies, systems, and practices.
8) Industrial Energy Efficiency for the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector (IEEMMS)
was launched in April 2012 and will be implemented within 5 years. It is
implemented by United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO)
and SME Corporation Malaysia. The project aims to improve energy efficiency in
the Malaysian manufacturing sector through energy efficient optimisation ofenergy and production systems and through the implementation of energy
management system based on the ISO 50001 standard.
The above initiatives have all contributed to create a strong platform for
implementation of energy efficiency, as institutions and human resources have been

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developed and basic awareness in all parts of society has been spread.

2.3 Identified Barriers to Energy Efficiency
Although various initiatives have been undertaken to promote energy efficiency
improvements, the outcome of the initiatives on the nation’s energy supply anddemand is unclear. The initiatives have been spread and there has been a lack ofsynergy among the various projects, as well as a proper plan for the continuation of
the activities after the project period. In this regard, a number of key barriers havebeen identified that prevented a wide-spread adoption of energy efficient practices.
They are:1) Low energy prices – The electricity and fuel prices have been kept below theactual cost of energy generation due to fuel subsidies. The prices are notreflecting the real cost of production and supply of energy. The low energy
prices prevent energy efficiency as the consumers are less concerned about theenergy costs. Furthermore, energy efficiency investments are not made as thereturns in terms of energy savings are small due to the low energy prices.
2) Lack of finance for energy efficiency – dedicated finance for energy efficiency
from commercial lending institutions has been difficult to obtain, as the banks
have not built sufficient capacity to deal with energy efficiency project
evaluation and project finance schemes. Loans for energy efficiency projects
are normally given based on collaterals from the applying companies and notbased on the project feasibility. Similarly, there are no loan schemes forenergy efficiency for individual consumers and the finance institutions will
normally recommend traditional loan schemes such as e.g. term loans, credit
card loans, if an individual wishes to purchase energy-efficient appliances.
3) Lack of overall national plan for Energy Efficiency – Energy efficiency has
been a part of the Malaysian Development Plans, but there has not been any
underlying road map or action plan for the implementation of energy
efficiency. The activities are, therefore, driven by individual short-term
projects, without a clear coordination among the activities and a clear medium
term and long term objective.
4) Lack of champion to drive Energy Efficiency – Energy efficiency has been
implemented by various agencies and institutions. But there has not been aclear authority in charge of ensuring that energy efficiency plays a central rolein the nation’s energy planning. The planning is still very much based on
demand forecast and supply planning, without taking into account energy

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efficiency and demand side management.
5) Lack of consistency in embarking on the energy efficiency – most of the effort
on promoting energy efficiency has been based on projects with limited timeframe. Those projects have contributed to developing capacity in various
institutions and a few energy efficiency initiatives have been implemented.
But the activities have slowed down or been discontinued after the projectfunding is ended. The lack of a continuous annual government budget forenergy efficiency activities has created a situation where activities are projectbased which tends to lead to too many starts and stops in the activities.

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3.

A Plan for Energy Efficiency

3.1 Energy Efficiency Potentials
Energy plays an important role in Malaysia’s economic development. In 2013,
Malaysia used 53 million toe of energy for its economic development and the wellbeing of its people. The usage of electricity as one of the final energy components was
123,076 GWh or 10.6 million toe. Figure 1 shows the economic growth rates patternversus the energy growth rates patterns which are represented by the final energy
demand and electricity demand. The energy demand growth tended to move intandem with the economic growth rate. The pattern has proved that Malaysia’s
economic development was depending heavily on energy as one of the importantfactor inputs.

Figure 1: Economic growth rates and Energy growth rates
According to the National Energy Balance Report 2013, the transport sector of
Malaysia was the largest energy user. It accounted for 42% of the final energy
demand in 2013. The industrial sector was at the second rank with the share of 25%.
The increasing demand for transport energy in Malaysia is driven by passenger
transportation sub-sector. Factors such as energy subsidies, rapid urbanisation andgrowing private vehicle ownership are driving the increase in demand. Malaysia istaking concerted efforts to manage its transport energy demand by improving its mass

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plantransit system, promoting the market penetration of efficient hybrid cars by tax
exemption and having continuous awareness dissemination programmes. However,energy efficiency improvement on the transport sector is not covered in this Plan andwill be addressed separately by the Government.
Malaysia’s economic development is supported strongly by the industrial sector.
Figure 2 shows the relationship between the final energy intensity and industrial
energy intensity. The values of both intensities show a strong relationship and they
moved in tandem. The reduction in the both intensity values beginning from 2008
was caused by the global financial crisis. The reduction in demand for industrial
outputs resulting from the crisis affected the Malaysia’s industrial outputs as well. The
reduction of energy intensities, which is often related to improvement of energy
efficiency, in this case was caused by industrial activity reduction and to some extent
by structural changes. The improvement is caused by non-energy components ofenergy intensity.

Figure 2: Final energy intensity and Industrial energy intensity.
The potential of energy efficiency in the industrial sector is significant. The energy
audits conducted during the Malaysian Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement
Project (MIEEIP) (about 50 audits for the eight industry subsectors) have found that
potential energy savings in major industries in Malaysia can be from as low as 2%(for a glass company which was already very efficient) to 52% (for wood companies).

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The 2% savings, however, could bring about high savings as the annual energy
consumption was high. The highest potential energy saved had been found in the
cement industry, which at 32.7% of the annual energy consumption of almost 15
million GJ could yield a savings of 4.9 million GJ. The focus on industrial energy
efficiency improvement should be on the adaption of energy-efficient equipment andprocesses, better management of energy at plant and organisational levels and humancapacity development.
The commercial and residential sector’s energy use was small when compared to theother two sectors. But the sector has significant contribution to Malaysia’s economy.
The sector’s energy use is mainly in buildings, which is for space cooling and tooperate equipment in the buildings. Managing building energy use in Malaysia isrelatively easier compared to buildings located in seasonal climates. In this regard, thebuildings’ energy needs are quite stable and easily predictable. However, the major
challenge in promoting energy efficiency in Malaysia is the enforcement of regulatory
instrument due to the lack of human capital and relatively low tariffs for commercial
buildings to embark on energy efficiency measures.
Malaysia’s commercial buildings, other than specific function buildings, on average
have a Building Energy Index (BEI) of around 200 to 300 kWh/m2/year. However, thelesson learned from the showcase office building of the Ministry of Energy, GreenTechnology and Water (MEGTW) or known as Low Energy Office (LEO) provedthat the BEI values for Malaysian office building could be lowered up to 100
kWh/m2/year, with an additional capital investment of 5% against the total capital cost.
The additional capital cost had a pay-back period of 8 years. In this regard, theimprovement of energy efficiency in buildings could bring significant savings inelectricity consumption and other benefits.
The energy efficiency improvements for the residential sectors will be focused on
appliances. The market penetration of the energy-efficient appliances can be enhanced
by providing incentives to the buyers. Regulatory measures to ban the importation andsale of inefficient appliances through the Minimum Energy Performance Standards(MEPS), has been introduced. Furthermore information on energy-efficient products
to consumers will be widened by mandatory labelling for appliances under the MEPS.

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3.2 The Guiding Principles of the Plan
The National Energy Efficiency Policy is based on 4 principles in achieving
energy efficiency by ensuring secure and sustainable energy and to achievesustainable socio-economic growth in the country.These inter-related andmutually supporting principles are:First
Sustainable Development
It is defined as meeting our current needs in a manner, that the needs of future
generation are not compromised. The agenda for development of the society isthat, economic growth does not lead to constraints for further growth in the
future.
SecondEfficient Use Of Energy
The aim is to increase productivity and the comfort level of the society in amanner where the energy usage is controlled and not higher than necessary while
reducing the waste. Waste is defined as both waste of fuel resources, waste
products from energy generation such as pollution and greenhouse gasses as wellas waste of money, from overspending on electricity and fuels.
Third
Increase Competitiveness And Welfare
Energy efficiency shall lead to an increase in the comfort and productivity for allparts of society. By reducing the use of energy, this will ensure that theexpenditure for energy is kept at a low level, which will cushion consumers fromany future increases in energy prices.
FourthConcerted Participation
Incorporate increase in energy demand consideration at all levels, and increase
participation of stakeholders and major groups for effective implementation ofEnergy Efficiency initiatives.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201519

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

3.3 The Thrusts of the Plan
3.3.1 Strategic Thrusts
The National Energy Efficiency policy will serve as a guide to integrate thecountry's energy security issues in planning and implementation of thedevelopment programs in addition to promote sustainable economic growth andhuman capital development as well as environmental conservation. This policy
complements other relevant policies and take into account all factors at various
levels. Strategic thrusts that have been identified are :Thrust 1: Implementation of Energy Efficiency Plan
An effective action plan has been identified as an important element to ensure
continuous implementation of energy efficiency initiatives in the country. The
action plan contains 10 specific programs to reduce energy consumption by
consumer groups in the industrial, commercial and domestic (appliances) sector.

Thrust 2: Strenghten Institutional Framework, Capacity Development andTraining for Implementation Of Energy Efficiency Initiatives
The thrust outlines the need to strengthen the Energy Commission in managing,monitoring and reporting the implementation of the initiatives designed under the
National Energy Efficiency Plan as well as capacity building and training tostakeholders.

Thrust 3: Establishment Of Sustainable Funding Mechanisms To Implement
Energy Efficiency Initiatives
To establish a financing mechanism by commercial financial institutions to
support the ongoing efforts in promoting and implement energy efficiency
activities and initiatives that have been planned.

Thrust 4: Promotion of Private Sector Invesment in Energy Efficiency
Initiatives
Private sector cooperation and support is crucial to ensure the success of theenergy efficiency initiatives objectives. The private sector plays an important rolein the implementation of the energy efficiency projects through Energy
Performance Contracting concept.

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

3.4 Targets and Impact of National Ten-Year Energy Efficiency Action
Plan
The focus of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan strategies and programmes
is on electricity use in the industrial, commercial and residential sectors. Therefore,
the target of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan is to save electricity andreduce the electricity demand growth. The effective and efficient implementation of
the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, supported with sufficient resources, will
be able to save 52,233 GWh of electricity over the plan period against a business-asusual (BAU) scenario. The corresponding electricity demand growth reduction at theend of the plan is 8.0%. The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan programmes
will continue to produce savings beyond the plan period, owing to the lifetime of theenergy efficient technologies adopted and adapted during the plan period. The
cumulative lifetime savings of the technologies is estimated at about 122,543 GWh ofelectricity. Figure 3 shows the electricity savings and percentage of savings by the
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan.

8,000

9.0%

7,000

8.0%
7.0%

6,000

6.0%

GWh

5,000
5.0%

4,000
4.0%
3,000
3.0%
2,000

2.0%

1,000

1.0%

-

0.0%
2016
Residential

2017

2018

2019

Commercial

2020

2021

Industrial

2022

2023

2024

2025

Percentage of GWh Savings

Figure 3: The electricity savings and percentage of savings by the National Energy
Efficiency Action Plan

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201521

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

The electricity savings will eventually lead to a reduction in peak demand and theneed to build new power plants in the future. In other words, the National Energy
Efficiency Action Plan achievement will improve the electricity load profile by better
management of peaking load in the power system. A simple calculation of peak demand
reduction from the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan implementation indicates a
total capacity saving of 2,526 MW at the end of the Plan period.
This translates into savings in capital expenditure and the operating cost needed for theconstruction of new power plants. At the same, Malaysia’s energy supply security
position will be enhanced by easing the constraints on the energy supply
infrastructure. The fuel savings derived from the National Energy Efficiency Action
Plan will also lead to less environmental impact and reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions. The total reduction of greenhouse gas emissions over the plan period is
projected to be 38 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. A total reduction of 88 million tonnesof CO2 equivalent will be achieved over the lifetime of the energy-efficient technologies
that are adopted and adapted from the plan implementation. The significant linkages of
the target and impact of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan with major
stakeholders is shown in the Figure 4 below.

Figure 4: Linkages of target and impact with major stakeholders

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201522

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

3.5 Strengthening EE Legislation
The absence of a comprehensive legislation on EE is a barrier for successful
implementation of EE measures in the nation. It is noted that most of the developed
nations and even some emerging economies have specific legislation of their own on EE
being their ingredient to successful reduction of energy intensity, albeit the extent of
success rate varies.
Based on these exemplary measures from other economies, the revision of the Energy
Supply Act 1990 should be done to accommodate EE legislations along with the revision
of Energy Commission Act 2001, to further empower the EC as the agency responsible
EE . The structure of the proposed revision in ESA 1990 shall comprise of key
provisions such as measures for equipment, measures for consumers, sanction forbreaches and non-compliance and others. The main objective of this action is to tap the
potential of EE to be able to contribute to the sound development of national economy
through implementing necessary measures for the efficient use of energy in factories,
buildings, machinery, equipment and other necessary measures to comprehensively
promote the efficient use of energy.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201523

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

4.

Strategic Actions

This chapter outlines the content of the five strategic actions, which form the base for
the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan. All of these are crucial for the proper
implementation of the key initiatives and in achieving the desired impact of theinterventions.

4.1 Action 1: Establish a Dedicated Section for NEEAP in EC
The first action under the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan is to establish a
section in the Energy Commission (EC) to act as the project team to administer andimplement National Energy Efficiency Action Plan programmes. This
recommendation is based on the success factors of other countries and based on therecommendation from the working group, it is proposed that there should be a
dedicated section in EC which has the semblance of EE&C system in Japan and India
whose structures provide remarkable and continual success in implementation of
EE&C measures. This department section can be further empowered by newprovisions in the Electricity Supply Act 1990 which can be done over the plan period
as the need arises. The section will be instrumental in implementing the energy
efficiency programmes under the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan. The
section also will play a coordinating role with other relevant agencies on the
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan implementation. The main duties of thesection are to: Carry out effective and efficient implementation of the National Energy
Efficiency Action Plan programmes; Promote awareness on energy efficiency to various energy users;
 Disseminate information and knowledge through campaigns and programmes
on energy efficiency;
 Monitor and evaluate the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
programmes continuously; Prepare progress report on the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
periodically; and Keep and maintain a database with necessary information and data on energy
use and energy efficiency gathered from the National Energy Efficiency
Action Plan.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201524

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

The organisational structure of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan section isshown in Figure 5. The section will be headed by a Project Leader. The Project Leader
will be assisted by 3 sectoral Programme Managers. The Programme Managers’ main
duty is to manage the activities within their sectors. The corporate functions related
to finance and accounting will be managed by a finance officer.
The officer will manage the funds for the operation of the team as well as fundallocations and disbursement to the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
programmes. The data management and monitoring unit function is to compile energy
data and provide data analyses. The function includes the monitoring of the progressof the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan with a set of relevant indicators.
The effective implementation of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan isdependent on how well its progress is monitored. Corrective steps on the
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan progress will be based on the monitoring
report. In this regard, the Unit will report to the Project Team Leader.
A major part of the communication and data management will be using information
technology and information should to a great extent be made available on-line. The
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan Project will have a web-portal with all
relevant information regarding its activities in order to ensure easy access to
information and material by the end-users. Internal information shall be madeavailable on an intranet, where all relevant background information as well as budget
and fund information is kept up-to-date. The dissemination and sharing of information
using information technologies will be done by the Data Management and Monitoring
Unit through a Data and information Repository Centre will be established in thesection for appropriate statistical data to be systematically collected, compiled,updated and disseminated. This Repository centre will address the grave concern on
the lack of current and credible information necessary for energy economists andenergy practioners to audit present scenario and forecast future energy economy

Figure 5: The organizational Structure of NEEAP Project Team

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201525

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

4.2

Action 2: Funding for Energy Efficiency

In line with Thrust 3, the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan acknowledges that
new Energy Efficiency financing products need to be developed to unlock private
sector funding. The success of any project depends on the timeliness and adequacy of
the financial resources in meeting the budget requirement. The necessary funding forthe implementation of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan will be limited toseed capital that will enable the private sector to invest in energy efficiency
technologies and projects. Funding is budgeted for two main purposes:a) Administration of the plan including design of programmes and campaigns, andb) Incentives as catalyst to implement energy efficiency technologies and projects forthe private sector.
Equally important is the fact that financial resources have to be managed andmonitored by a dedicated department in order to achieve the expected outcomes.
Malaysia is at a critical stage of national development moving from a developing
nation status to a high-income economy status, so unless the government and thepeople take up a tough step now to change towards a sustainable energy consumption,
the nation will be facing uncertainty and it cost for energy supply as well as producing
more CO2 to the atmosphere. Therefore, NEEAP must be implemented quickly withthe financial supports not only from the government but also the private sector,
community and NGOS. As long as good governance prevails in the NEEAP
implementation process basing on the principles of Environmental economics, theinvestment by nation and the people will bring long term returns for both present andthe future generations.

4.3 Action 3: Government Led Initiatives
Although the major impact from energy efficiency is envisaged to be from the private
sector, the role of government institutions and government-linked companies are
crucial for the successful introduction of energy efficiency initiatives. The government
can, through circulars, direct its institutions to practice energy efficiency in its
operations.
The government shall therefore be the pioneer in implementing internal policies forpurchase of energy efficient 5-star energy labelled appliances and equipment, conduct
energy audits in large facilities and implementation of energy saving measures andalso implement energy management practices. This will create a market
transformation towards energy-efficient technologies and practices, as suppliers will
be encouraged to make energy efficient technologies and services available in themarket. This effort by the government will enable the private sector to follow suit in a
faster pace as the government will have been the ice-breaker in the market.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201526

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

4.4 Action 4: Capacity Building
Capacity building of individuals and organisations in energy efficiency will be part ofthe implementation of the energy efficiency initiatives, whenever training andeducation in specific areas and practices is required, for example in energy auditing
practices and energy management. In addition, it is important that the educational
institutions are producing candidates with relevant knowledge and qualifications inenergy efficiency such as engineers, economists and technical people. Educational
institutions will be encouraged to enhance the resources for energy efficiency trainingof students to meet the expected demand for such qualified personnel in the future.
Similarly, professional institutions will be encouraged to upgrade and train theirfaculty members in energy efficiency by introducing courses and workshops forengineers, architects, economists, accountants etc.
In order to “teach the people”, the NEEAP unit will need to build the capacity itself totrain all segments of people involved directly or indirectly with EE. To a lesser extent,some of the training can be outsourced to other professional bodies and approved
training centres of Ministry of human resource, Institution of Engineers Malaysia,
SMIDEC, MAESCO and others. It is proposed that the international expertise to be
explored to minimize learning curve and fast track-track the preparation of syllabi fora wide spectrum of courses, educational and examination materials and others. The
unit will be tasked to increase EE training and professional and semi-professional
development. Enhancing the resources and capacity of the unit to deliver and support
EE will form an integral part of its skill development needs. Success will depend on
the effectiveness of the change management across all levels of the mainstream
activities. That being said, EE will not be easy in the Malaysian economy that has been
dependent on subsidized fuel and government intervention. Lack of capacity building
is one of the few root causes for the limited advancement of EE to date.

4.5 Action 5: Research and Development
Existing research institutions such as universities and private entities e.g. Sirim
Berhad, manufacturers etc., will be encouraged to enhance research in the field ofenergy efficiency. This can be in areas of developing energy-efficient technologies aswell as studying the impact of various energy efficiency practices and behaviours. As
the energy efficiency initiatives are targeting market transformation towards energyefficient technologies, it is critical that local manufacturers upgrade and develop theirproducts to meet the highest degree of energy efficiency and play a major role in themarket. This will not only enable them to market their products in Malaysia, but also
improve the possibilities of exporting their technologies as energy efficiency is an
important parameter for buyers in the developing and developed world.

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

This is also in line with the government’s policy on developing a knowledge based
economy with the development of more intelligent and advanced, green technologies.
In this context, the government is looking into implementation of smart grid in thelong term. It is also planning to have enhanced time of use tariffs. Such tariffs,
together with the implementation of smart grids and the use of smart meters, will
enable consumers to better understand their own energy needs and help them identify
energy saving potentials and implement them in a more effective manner. It will also
assist utilities to identify energy saving potentials in the transmission and distribution
systems and implement them.

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

5.

Key Initiatives

The identified key energy efficiency initiatives presented in the section 2.4 is further
elaborated in this section in terms of programmes to be implemented under the
National Energy Efficiency Plan over a period of 10 years. The programmes aredesigned to ensure attention to the energy efficiency measures that are introduced forthe consumers and provide the necessary incentives to kick-start the introduction of
new technologies and processes.
The programmes will mainly be funded by the private sector, as the capital
investments in energy-efficient measures are to be made by the consumers. The
programmes will encourage and enable the consumers to implement the measures bypromoting technologies and processes and removing market barriers such as additionalcosts for energy-efficient technologies. As the market transformation towards newenergy efficient technologies takes place and more energy efficient technologies
become available the additional costs will be lowered, and this reduces or eliminates
the need for incentives.

5.1 Overview of Key Initiatives and Programmes
The key initiatives to be introduced in the plan period are the following: Key initiative 1: Promotion of 5-Star Rated Appliances Key initiative 2: Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) Key initiative 3: Energy Audits and Energy Management in Buildings andIndustries
 Key initiative 4: Promotion of cogeneration
 Key initiative 5: Energy Efficient Building Design
Table 1 details out the key initiatives and the programmes under each key
initiative together with expected electricity savings that each of the measures will
result in.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201529

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Table 1: Key Initiaves
Key Initiative

Promotion of
5-Star Rated
Appliance

Minimum
EnergyPerformanceStandards(MEPS)

Energy Audits
and Energy
Managementin Buildings
and IndustriesDescription

Program

Savings
in 10
years
(GWh)

Public Fund(RM)

Private Fund
(RM)Star energy rating of
appliances andmandatory labelling.

5-Star Refrigerator
Campaign

2,706

2,632,670

1,863,648,930

5-Star Air
Conditioner
Campaign

7,014

2,632,670

2,005,537,380

EE lighting
Campaign
High Efficiency
Motors2,216

2,632,660

378,347,165

2,175

0

461,062,525

Energy Audit andmanagement inLarge Commercial
Buildings
Energy Audit andmanagement inMediumCommercial
Buildings
Energy Audit andmanagement inLarge & Medium
Industries
Energy Audit
Government
Facility
Cogeneration in
Industries andcommercial
buildings

5,066

40,438,750

32,670,000

1,916

49,579,750

49,071,000

26,969387,436,500

385,506,000

881

7,176,400

6,864,000

3,276

0

572,000,000

15

026,767,950

Promotion of 5-star
appliance

Review of MEPS

Promotion of EfficientLighting

Development of MEPS
for new equipments
and appliances

Facilitating energy
audits andimplementation ofenergy saving
measures and energy
management initiatives

Cogeneration

Promotion ofcogeneration throughthe removal of barriers

EnergyEfficient
Building
Design

Incorporating Energy
Efficiency in newbuilding designs andconstructions

Energy Efficiency
in New Buildings

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

5.2 Key initiative 1: Promotion of 5-Star Rated Appliances
Energy rating and labelling has been a key in the market transformation of household
appliances towards more energy-efficient models. It has been successfully applied
worldwide in Europe, USA, Japan, Australia, Thailand etc. for more than a decadeand has resulted in significant improvements in the energy efficiency of thetechnologies. Energy labels allow the consumer to be informed about the energy
consumption of the appliances they wish to purchase. As the purchase decision forelectrical decision should be made on the basis of life cycle cost i.e. both the initialpurchase cost and the operational cost for electricity, it is necessary to have theelectricity consumption displayed on the products, so that the consumer can evaluate
the cost and compare both the purchase price and operational cost of various models
on display in the shops.

Labelling of the energy performance or energy
rating can be applied to all types of energy
consuming equipment.
Mandatory labelling has already been introducedfor: Refrigerators
 Air-conditioners
 Ceiling and stand fans
 Televisions
The labelling can be expanded to more appliances during the plan period, as
experiences with the market transformation by labelling the above types of appliances
are evaluated.

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

5.2.1. Programme: 5-star Refrigerators
A programme to promote 5-star refrigerators is proposed. The programme will be basedon promoting the existing 5-star rating and label for refrigerators, which was introduced
on a voluntary basis in 2005. The 5-star rated refrigerators are available in the market,
but their market share is still considered to be low, compared to conventional
refrigerators, which are rated as 3-star. The 5-star rated refrigerators are more than 25%
more energy-efficient than the average 3-star refrigerators. As nearly all households in
Malaysia own a refrigerator and this is often the appliance that consumes the mostelectricity, if the household is without air-conditioners, then there lies a high potential
for energy savings by introducing more energy-efficient refrigerators.
The programme will be targeting the sale of new refrigerators to transform the market
into more efficient models.

Title
Type
Design5-Star Refrigerator Campaign
Awareness and enforcement
The campaign is a combination of the following:
1)MEPS and labelling enforcement programmes
2) Review of the current MEPS value
3) Promotion of purchase of 5-star refrigerator through awareness enhancement
4)Awareness on the benefits of smart meter

Total
MarketTotal market is determined based on all residential consumers having one
refrigerator each and this will increase annually with the increase in the numberof registered consumers.
The average lifetime of a refrigerator is assumed to be 15 years, and the annual
market is about 700,000

AnnualMarketSavings

An average refrigerator consumes about 420 kWh/year for models between 150300 L. According to a ST survey this is the most sold size range in Malaysia. A
5-star rated model is min. 25% more efficient than a 3-star rated model. This is0.25*420=105 kWh savings

The savings are expected to remain the same over the average lifetime of theequipment i.e.15 years.
Penetration Assuming that the campaign can start mid 2016 a penetration of 30% by active
promotion of the rebate is expected. The penetration is expected to increase to90% of market in 2025 due to consumer demand and suppliers push. Full
penetration is about 90% as there will be a demand for certain special purpose
models, which are not 5-star.
Lifetime

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

5.2.2. Programme: 5-Star Air-Conditioners
Air-conditioners are used in mainly residential
and commercial sectors. The sale of airconditioners is growing as the economy grows
and more and more consumers can afford to buy
air-conditioners. For modern homes it is not
unusual to have 3-4 air-conditioners installed. Inorder to ensure that the consumers are choosing
energy-efficient models, it is planned to introduce a mandatory energy label for airconditioners. The Energy Commission has prepared a star rating scheme for airconditioners and 5-star air-conditioners are at least 25% more efficient that conventionalmodels. The programme will be designed to promote 5-star air conditioners.

Title
Type
DesignTotal
MarketAnnualMarketSavings

Lifetime
Penetration

5-Star Air Conditioner Campaign
Awareness enhancement and enforcement
The campaign is a combination of the following:
1) Mandatory MEPS and labelling of all air conditioners in the market andenforcement
2) Promotion of purchase of 5-star through awareness enhancement
programs
3) Improve the standards (wider range of capacity) and the MEPS value4) Awareness enhancement on the benefit of smart meterNot determined
Based on the survey by SIRIM on 2014, sales is estimated to be 1,200,000
units per year
Average air conditioners are in the range of 8000-11000 BTU /hr
EER is about 2.9 W/W equal to EER 9.9 Btu/hr/W (Malaysian EER),
so the consumption is about 1 kW per unit.
Assuming an average use of 6 hours per day, 365 days x 6 hours x 1 kW ~2200 kWh/yr Savings are determined by the difference between EER=9.5 to
EER=11, which is about 15%. So annual savings are estimated to be 330
kWh per unit.
The savings are expected to remain the same over the lifespan of the air
conditioner i.e. avg of 7 years
Assuming that the campaign can start mid 2016 a penetration of 30% byactive promotion. 30% is about 360,000 air conditioners. The penetration is
expected to be at maximum of 75% in 2026.

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

5.3

Key initiative 2: Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS)

5.3.1. Programme: Promotion of Efficient Lighting
Lighting is an important electrical energy consuming appliance in homes. In thecommercial sector, lighting account for about 15% to 20% of the total electrical energy
used. Thus, improving lighting energy efficiency can result in substantial savings. The
campaign will include the promotion energy efficient lighting (e.g: CFL, T5 and LED)through awareness enhancement programmes, the enforcement of Minimum Energy
Performance Standards (MEPS) and labelling and the enhancement of awareness on thebenefit of using smart meters.
Total
MarketTotal market is determined based on 6.7 million consumers in 2014 withthe assumption of 10 lamps per household.

AnnualMarketAssuming each year, each household will change at least 1 T8 lamp, annual
market is equal to total market i.e. 6,700,000 per year.

Savings

Average lighting such as T8 is assumed to be 40W. An EE lamp with similar
lumen output is 30W. Power saving is therefore 10W. Assuming 2190 hoursof use per year, the savings are 17.52 GWh for the 1st year (based on firstyear market penetration). Market penetration is expected to be 10% for the 1styear with increment of market penetration of 5% for every year.

Lifetime

The annual savings are expected to remain the same over the lifespan of thelamp i.e. about 3 years. (As suggested by BSEEP and AWER)

Penetration Assuming that the campaign can start in mid-2016, a penetration rate of 10%
by intensive promotion is expected. This is about 850,000 lamps. The
penetration is expected to increase to 55% in 2025.

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

5.3.2. Programme: High Efficiency Motors
Motors are widely used in industrial processes andmachinery, and can either be purchased as standalone motors or integrated in equipment. The
Energy Commission has adopted the international
CEMEP standard for energy rating of motors, whichclassifies motors in three classes according to theenergy efficiency. The most efficient class is EFF1,
followed by EFF2 and EFF3 as the lowest class. The
CEMEP scheme is to be changed after the adoptionof the latest IEC standard for motor performanceclassifies the most energy efficient motors as IE3, whereas IE1 is the low efficientclass. EU is currently in the process of implementing minimum performancestandards for motors, which is expected to be minimum class IE2.
A mandatory minimum energy performance standard for motors will be based on the
CEMEP/IEC standard and will define the minimum performance for motors to beminimum IE2/EFF2. This minimum standard is planned to be effective in 2020 and in
the period till 2019, awareness and promotion campaigns will be carried out to informthe industries about the benefits of energy efficiency motors (IE2/IE3) motors and thephasing out of low efficient types (IE1). Similarly, importers and manufacturers of
motors and equipment with integrated motors will be targeted for promotion andawareness campaigns.
Title
Type
DesignTotal
MarketAnnualMarketSavings

High Efficiency Motor Campaign
MEPS
The campaign is a combination of the following:
1) Mandatory labelling of motors in the market
2) MEPS phasing out IE1 motors -In order to regulate the motor equipment inindustry sector, the MEPS regulation need to be amended to include industry
equipment
Not determined
According to a survey conducted by International Copper Association Southeast
Asia Ltd in 2014 the average sales of electrical motors is about 115,000 units
yearly for year 2010 to 2013 with an annual market increase of roughly around
10%. The current market share of IE1 or EFF2 motors is around 75%. This is thesale of stand-alone motors, not including motors sold as a part of equipment e.g.
electrical pumps.
A typical motor of 7.5 KW is assumed to be used about 3000 hours per year atabout 70% load. The consumption is about 15MWh/year. The savings are about
2% by going from IE 1 to IE2 (High efficiency motor) so the savings estimated is
300 kWh/year.

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Lifetime

The savings are expected to remain the same over the lifespan of the equipment i.e.
10 years.
Baseline data will be based on the study conducted by International Copper
Association (ICA)

Penetration As the MEPS is introduced in 2016 it is expected that 25% of the sales of IE1 isphased out in the 1st year. The 2nd year market penetration is expected to be 50%
and 90% in the subsequent year.

5.4

Key initiative 3: Energy Audits in Buildings and Industries

Energy audits include the mapping of a facility’s energy consumption in order to
identify areas where energy efficiency can be implemented.
Often the energy audit will reveal no-cost measures such as energy wastages fromequipment that is left on, but not being used or improvements in the processes that leads
to energy savings. The outcome of an energy audit is recommendations on energy
efficiency measures to be implemented and an evaluation of their costs and benefits.
Energy audits are typically done by external consultants with expertise in energy
auditing methods and the particular type of facility.

5.4.1.

Programmes: Energy A u d i t s a nd M a n a g e m e n t
C o m m e r c i a l , Industrial a n d G o v e r n m e n t Facilities

in

The energy audit programmes to be
implemented will target the following types
of facilities:
 Government Facilities Large Commercial Facilities
 Medium sized Commercial Facilities Large and medium sized Industrial
Facilities
The programmes will offer free energy audits to the facilities on the condition that thefacility owner will confirm that recommended energy efficiency measures will be
implemented for an amount equal to or higher than the cost of the energy audit.
The number of energy audits to be conducted will depend heavily on the number oftrained auditors. There is therefore a need to support the training of energy auditors,
so that the resource base can be increased and the number of audits can be intensified.
The total requirement for auditors will gradually increase to 500 full-time auditors in2020 and the work load will be maintained until the end of the plan.

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

The energy savings that can be expected fromenergy audits are at least 5% per year for 3
years of the total energy consumption of theinstallations concerned. Most of these savings arederived from eliminating energy wastages andaccelerated change of in-efficient equipment
which is beyond their economical and technicallifetime. Larger energy efficiency projects are
not considered in the savings calculations but
will most likely also take place in many of the facilities which will significantly
increase the savings. Energy management is the day-to-day monitoring andmanagement of the energy consumption in a facility. Programmes will be initiated to
mandate facilities to implement energy management by appointing an energy manager
and prepare energy management reports. The Efficient Management of Electrical
Energy Regulations 2008 already prescribes that large facilities need to implement
energy management and this will be expanded to cover medium sized facilities.
Furthermore, the energy management system requirements will be improved to ensurethat energy efficiency measures and practices are being continuously implemented andtracked.
For large government facilities, energy management will be compulsory by circular.
This will allow the government to show leadership in energy efficiency as well as in
implementing cost reduction measures. A part of the energy management will be
procurement procedures ensuring that the government facilities are purchasing 5-star
rated equipment.
The campaign for introducing the mandatory energy management will focus onproviding guidelines and training to the energy managers to increase awareness ofenergy efficiency options available to their facilities. The energy management infacilities will also indirectly support other programmes in the national energyefficiency action plan such as the energy audit programmes and energy rating andlabelling programmes as it is expected that the facilities with energy management will
demand energy-efficient technologies.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201537

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Title
Type
DesignTotal
MarketAnnualMarketSavings

Lifetime

Energy Audit and Management in Large Commercial Buildings
Consultancy and grants
The campaign will offer free energy audits to large commercial
buildings, such as offices, hotels, shopping complexes etc. It is requiredthat the building owner accepts to invest in energy savings measures with
an amount equal to the cost of the audit. The campaign will be conducted
over the period 2016 - 2025. Capacity building for the numbers ofauditors required will have to be done.
The energy management in large commercial facilities will be conductedduring the whole plan period Training courses and material will be
prepared to create awareness about energy saving options and reporting
will be required from the facilities. It will be marketed as an additional
brand value for the facility*EMEER 2008 amendment to impose mandatory saving*Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) and Green Investment
Tax Allowance (GITA) will be the funding mechanism for ESCOs tofinance and implement the Energy Savings Measures (ESM) based upon
the result of the IGA.
*ESCOs or In house team could apply for the grant
The market is defined as commercial electricity customers with amonthly electricity bill exceeding 500,000 kWh. There are approximately
600 consumers customers meeting this criteria, with a total consumptionof this group to be 9.5TWh per year
The annual market will be determined by the number of audits that isrealistic to be performed with the consultancy resources available. One
consultant can audit about 10 GWh per year. In the first year it isexpected that 475GWh (5% of 9.5 TWh) is audited requiring about 95
auditors. Annual market penetration is expected to be at 10% every yearwith annual market increment of 1.1%. (NAPIC data)
The amount of savings achieved from saving measures identified from
implementing the Investment Grade Audit (IGA) are expected to be at aminimum of 15%. It will be implemented in a period of 3 years after the
IGA. The savings will be spread evenly at 5 % annually accumulating to
15% in the third year (1st year = 5% saving, 2nd year = 5% + 5% = 10%
saving, 3rd year = 5% +5% +5% = 15% saving. The 5% savings isequivalent to 800,0000 kWh / year / facility.
The savings are expected to have an average lifetime of 10 years.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201538

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Title
Type
DesignEnergy Audit and Management in Large & Medium Sized Industries
Consultancy and grant
The campaign will offer free energy audits to large & medium sized industries. It
is required that the owner accepts to invest in energy savings measures with anamount equal to the cost of the audit. The campaign will run in the period 20162025
1. Low Cost Energy audit encouragement:
i. Large and medium sized Industry: Should have Self-funded low cost energy
audits
2. Investment Grade Audit (IGA):
i. Large and medium sized Industry: Conditional free IGA whereby the
installations are obligated to implement
an energy efficiency project with anamount equal or more than the funding or grant provided for IGA.
ii. Energy Saving Measures (ESM) implementation through EPC concept with
the involvement of Energy Service Company (ESCO).
iii. Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) and Green Investment Tax
Allowance (GITA) will be the funding mechanism for ESCOs to finance andimplement the Energy Savings Measures (ESM) based upon the result of the IGA.
Sustainable economic development is essential in Malaysia's long-term
development plans and green technology has been envisaged as one of theemerging drivers of economic growth not only to ensure sustainable energy
growth for the future through energy interdependent and promote efficientutilization, but also the sustainability of the country economically, socially andenvironmentally. The transformation of the economy to be driven by green
technology have been spelled out as the main agenda under the National GreenTechnology Policy which was launched in July 2009 and various programmes
have been implemented to promote the application and development of green
technology including the establishment of the Green Technology Financing
Scheme in 2010. The purpose of the Scheme that offers a 60% guarantee of thefinancing amount and a rebate of 2% on the interest/profit rate charged by thefinancial institutions, is to accelerate the expansion of green investments byproviding easier access to financing from the private and commercial financial
institutions. The Scheme which is available until 31 December 2015 or uponreaching a total financing approval amount of RM3.5 billion whichever is earlier,facilitates the growth of local green businesses and generates new markets and job
creation.
3. Sharing of ESM success stories among the industry players.
The energy management in large and medium sized industries will be conductedduring the whole plan period. Training courses and material will be prepared tocreate awareness about energy saving options and reporting will be required fromthe industries.
1. Include CPD point requirement for board of director to attend training for the
public listed company.
2. To suggest to SME Corp to insert additional requirement for SME’s who are

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201539

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Total
Marketapplying for existing funding or financial assistance available from SME Corp toattend energy management training.
3. Introduce Non-monetary Incentives concept: Data sharing for industry forbenchmark4. Introduce Disincentive concept:- Publish name to shame delinquent parties- Increase the penalty for those who do not comply to the EMEER2008
regulations- Introduce surcharge(to be put under EE fund) under EMEER2008 for those
who do not achieve the % saving of the Specific Energy Performance Indicator
The market is defined as large industrial consumers with a monthly electricity bill
exceeding 500,000 kWh *(referring to EMEER 2008) per month. There areapproximately 1500 customers meeting this criterion. The total annual
consumption for this group is about 40 TWh/year.
As for medium sized industry, market size is approximately 3000 installations andthe total annual consumption for this group is about 10 TWh/year, thus total
consumption for large and medium sized industry is about 50 TWh

Title
Type
DesignTotal
MarketAnnualMarketSavings

Lifetime

Energy Audit in Large Government Facilities
Consultancy
The campaign is to implement energy audits in large government buildings,
such as institutions, offices etc. It is required that the owner accepts to invest inenergy savings measures with an amount equal to the cost of the audit. The
campaign will be be conducted from 2016-2025 * Investment Grade Audit.
Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) and Green Investment Tax
Allowance (GITA) will be the funding mechanism for ESCOs to finance andimplement the Energy Savings Measures (ESM) based upon the result of the
IGA.
The market is defined as government consumers with a monthly electricity bill
exceeding 500,000kWh per month. There are approximately 108 customers(based on EMEER 2008) meeting this criteria with total consumption of1800 GWh (Based on TNB Data for large government facilities)
The annual market will be determined by the number of audits that is realistic
to be performed with the consultancy resources available. One consultant can
audit about 10 GWh per year. In the first year it is expected that 90 GWh (5%)
is audited requiring 18 auditors. The annual market penetration starts from 5%,
peaks at 12% at the middle of the plan period and achieves saturation at 8% at
the end of the plan
The amount of savings achieved from saving measures identified from
implementing the Investment Grade Audit (IGA) are expected to be at aminimum of 15%. It will be implemented in a period of 3 years after IGA. The
savings will be spread evenly at 5 % annually accumulating to 15% in the thirdyear (1st year = 5% saving, 2nd year = 5% + 5% = 10% saving, 3rd year =5% +5% +5% = 15% saving. The 5% savings is equivalent to 800,0000 kWh /year / facility.
The savings are expected to have an average lifetime of 10 years.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201540

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

5.5

Key initiative 4: Promotion of Co-generations

Generating electricity and thermal energy using cogeneration can achieve thermal
conversion efficiencies of over 80% as compared with conversion efficiencies of aboutover 50% to less than 30% in combined cycle gas turbines and open cycle gas turbines
respectively. To promote an uptake of cogeneration, barriers such as the high top up andstandby rates and the inadequacies in the natural gas supply for cogeneration will be
addressed
Title
Type
DesignTotal
MarketAnnualMarketCo-generation in Industries and Commercial Buildings
Removal of barriers
The cogeneration system's primary function is to meet the heating or coolingdemand in the facility and power generation will be secondary. The systems
must be fully cogeneration and can include thermal energy storage tanks
1.The programme is to promote cogeneration in industries and buildings.
2. This will be done by reducing barriers, including:a. Standby and top up charges
b. Gas tariff pricing (TPA)
c. Possible lack of Incentives
d. Technical hurdles – lack of capability to locally manufacture someenergy supply equipment which leads to higher investmentse. Connection to the grid – implication on the reserve margin for theutilities
f. Lack of awareness on benefits of cogeneration
3. To overcome the above barriers, a couples of key strategic measures need
to be implemented, such as:a. Design of standby, top up and load connected charges that are co-gen
friendly- Lowering the amount of charges- Non Firm standby charges (offering daily or monthly as usedcharges)b. Open bidding for special package of co-gen plants with special gas
tariff pricing.
c. Promoting the existing incentives such as low cost financing by
MGTC and etc.
d. Local manufacturers' capacity building
e. Regulatory framework for grid-connected co-gen and sales of excess
power
f. Awareness enhancement on the benefits of co-gen
The market is facilities with high demand of heating or cooling. The
preliminary market is only considered to be the supported projects in thisprogramme. By the end of the plan period, it is targeted to have 100
operating cogeneration plants.
It is envisaged that with the reduction of barriers and the increase inelectricity tariffs in the country, about 12 MWe of cogeneration (about 12
installations) will be installed per year in the country from the year 2017
onwards.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201541

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Savings

5.6

The savings are in terms of natural gas savings, as cogeneration will utilise
the fuel more efficiently. The power generation will save power generationin central power plants. Distribution and transmission lossess are notconsidered. 1 MWe cogeneration plant is expected to generate 7 GWh/year(at the load factor of 0.8, GWh generated = 1 MW x 24hr x 365 days x 0.8
load factor = 7 GWh / year). Thus the electricity savings are 7 GWh/year for
1 MW capacity. The value of the savings is not the full tariff savings, but the
tariff savings minus the additional fuel cost and O&M cost. So the tariffsavings is about 50% of the tariff.

Key initiative 5: Energy Efficient Building Design

The commercial sector consumes about one-third of all electricity in the country and alarge share of this is used in buildings for cooling, ventilation, lighting, appliances etc.
The future increase in energy consumption in the commercial sector will come fromnew buildings. Therefore, a programme to ensure that these new buildings are designed
and built with consideration of energy efficiency is of high importance. Surveys haveshown that new buildings are consuming energy around 200-250 kWh/m2/year,
which could be reduced to about 135 kWh/m2/year by applying the Code ofPractice MS1525:2014 on energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for nonresidential buildings.
At present the MS 1525:2014 is a voluntary code of practice and it is therefore purely
up to the developers to use it. As many buildings are occupied by tenants or otherowners rather than by the developers, the building design often does not take energy
efficiency into consideration as this might increase the building cost and the savings
will not benefit the developer.

The programme is planned to
enforce the provision of MS1525
through the Uniform Building By Law(UBBL) with the cooperation andsupport from the Ministry of Urban Well
Being, Housing and Local Government.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201542

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Title
Type
DesignTotal Market

Energy Efficiency in New Buildings
Awareness enhancement & incorporation into UBBL
The programme is to promote energy efficiency in new buildings. By
enforcing building regulations on energy efficiency (such as MS1525)
the energy consumption of new buildings will be lower than the baseline.
Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) and Green Investment
Tax Allowance (GITA) will be the funding mechanism for ESCOs tofinance and implement the Energy Savings Measures (ESM) based upon
the result of the IGA.
The market is defined by new commercial buildings including Officebuildings, shopping complexes, hotels etc.

Annual Market The annual market is the annual increase in floor space for commercial
buildings. The average annual market as of 2013 is 145,000 m2-year.The
annual market growths is about 1% (BSEEP study).

Savings

Based on MS1525 EE building consumes 136kWh/m2 -year and a
regular building consumes 200 to 300 kWh/m2 - year, so averagesavings that can be achieved is (200-150 = 50) 50kWh/m2- year.

Lifetime

The savings are expected to have an average lifetime of 10 years.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201543

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

6. Costs and Benefits
The effective and efficient implementation of the National Energy Efficiency Action
Plan programmes requires an average governmental budget allocation of RM 54.3
million annually. The budget will cover the cost to administer and incentivise the
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan programmes. The public expenditure on the
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, a total of RM 543 million, will be leveraged
by private sector investments. A total of RM 5,781 million private investments will be
induced over the plan. From this investment amount, the largest share will be spent on
the adaptation of energy-efficient technologies.
The public and private expenditure on the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
programmes, amounting to a total of RM 6,324 million, will result in a total direct
monetary saving of RM 18,538 million over the plan period. The direct monetary
benefit is the value of total electricity saved by the National Energy Efficiency
Action Plan, calculated based on the current electricity tariff. The other indirect
benefits, i.e. capacity savings and greenhouse gas reductions are not included in the
direct monetary benefit.
The cost-benefit ratio of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, which is
calculated by dividing the direct monetary benefit with the public and private cost, is
2.9. In other word, every RM 1 spent on the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
programmes will result in a benefit of RM 2.90. The cost-benefit ratio based on the
lifetime savings of energy-efficient technologies adopted and adapted during the
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan is 6.7. The overall “cash-flow” during the plan
period is summarized in Table 2. The cash-flow shows continuous gain from the sixthyear of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan implementation. The reason forsuch pattern is because the energy savings from the early years of the plan are accruedin the later years of the plan.
Table 2: The cash-flow of National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Funding

Unit

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Total

PublicFunding

RM(Million)

24

39

59

60

61

52

53

54

44

45

493

PrivateFunding

RM(Million)

207

303

493

496

596

628

672

755

791

840

5,781

Administrat
ion

RM(Million)

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

50

Total
Payments

RM(Million)

236

347

557

562

662

685

730

814

840

890

6,324

Benefits

RM(Million)

28

135

378

799

1,336

1,947

2,552

3,173

3,790

4,401

18,538Cash Flow

RM(Million)

-208

212

-180

237

674

1,261

1,821

2,359

2,950

3,511

12,214

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201544

National Energy Efficiency Action PlanAt the end of the plan period, the Maximum demand is expected to be 2021 MW. This inturn translates to a reduction of 2526 MW in new generation capacity plant up. Thismeans, the generation cost that can be avoided:i.

If in the case of coal plants, referring to generation cost of a 1000 MW
coal power plant, which is RM 6 billion (based on the 2012 cost). Hencefor a 2500MW coal plant, the avoided cost of new plant up is RM 15
billionii.

Or in the case of gas power plants, estimated cost for a 1000 MW plant is
RM 2.4 billion (based on 2013 cost). Which equals to RM 6 billion incost avoided for a 2500 MW gas power plant.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201545

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

7.

Monitoring of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Progress

The implementation of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan requires effective
monitoring by the Government. As the EC oversee the implementation of the National
Energy Efficiency Action Plan and the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Project Team executes the plan it is critical that the progress of implementation
is monitored periodically by the Data Management and Monitoring Unit of the National
Energy Efficiency Action Plan Project Team. In this regard, the annual planning andresources allocation for the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan is prepared withclear indicators for the expected annual implementation target.
One of the key factors to promote energy efficiency improvement successfully is tounderstand how energy is being used, and ways in which energy can be used more
efficiently. By understanding them, not only the energy efficiency improvement canbe done with great success but it will also help to monitor and evaluate theperformances in terms of energy efficiency improvements. To gain such an insight, anappreciation of the many complexities which make up economic and social activities,
and the ways in which these interact is required.
Currently, the method used to monitor Malaysia’s energy efficiency status is byjudging energy intensity. The energy intensity value is a ratio between energy andeconomic values. Normally, the energy intensity is calculated by dividing Total
Primary Energy Supply (TPES) by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For Malaysia, ourEnergy Intensity (EI) in the year 2013 was 67.95 (toe/million, RM at 2005 prices).
This implies that Malaysia’s energy efficiency status is decreasing despite thecontinuous efforts undertaken to promote energy efficiency in the country.
Various strategies and actions have been taken to improve the status of energy
efficiency in the country. However, the performances of those efforts to improve thestate of energy supply and use in the country have remained unknown. The justificationof their performances by EI is not accurate because the EI value is not only influenced
by energy factors but also by non-energy factors such as economic structure, energy
quality and activities.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 2015

46

7.1

Energy Efficiency Monitoring Framework

7.1.1. Energy Efficiency Indicator
One of the main challenges in executing energy efficiency strategies and action planseffectively and efficiently is to quantify the achievements from the available data. To
make this happen, one of the useful tools in energy efficiency implementation is theenergy efficiency indicators. In general, an energy efficiency indicator is a ratio tomeasure energy use against a unit of output. In the industrial sector, for example, themeasures are normally energy use per Ringgit of production or energy per physical unitof production. In the building sector, energy intensity is expressed in terms of energy
per square metre of floor space and in the transport sector; energy intensity is measured
in terms of energy use per passenger-km or energy use per ton-km.

7.1.2. Reporting the National
Implementation Progress

EnergyEfficiency

ActionPlan

The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan Project Team needs to report the
progress of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan implementation as one of the
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan’s main monitoring tools. In the reporting, theactual progress against the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan targets will be
communicated to stakeholders.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 2015

47

8.0

Impact8.1.

Economic Impact

The macro energy model for Malaysia forecasts the Final Electricity Energy demand(FEED) of Malaysia to keep growing. In order to reduce the FEED and subsequently
CO2 emissions for the Residential, Commercial and Industry sectors, EE measures ofvarying targets and actions are recommended above. The reduction in FEED lowers
energy intensity and leads to reduced CO2 emissions and intensity.
The overall impact of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan is shown in Table 3

8.2.

Environmental Impact

8.2.1. Final Electricity Energy Demand (FEED) and CO2 emission
Final Electricity Energy Demand in the year 2025 is expected to be reduced by 12,391
GWh and the cumulative savings over 10 years from 2016 to 2025 is 52,233 GWh. In
the case of CO2 emission, in the year 2025 the CO2 emission is reduced by 8,094
ktCO2eq. The cumulative reduction over 10 years from 2016 to 2025 is 34,886 ktCO2eq.

8.3.

Social Impact

1.

Increase awareness and involvement from the public and stakeholders in thedevelopment of the country's energy efficiency program;

2.

Strengthening regulatory and enforcement on energy efficiency across the country
to ensure continuous power supply; and3.

Improve management and human resource development to build human capital andexperts in the field of energy efficiency.

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201548

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Table 3: Impact of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Summary
Item
Annual Savings
Residential
Commercial
Industrial

Unit
GWh
GWh
GWh
GWh

2016
87
50
28
9

2017
386
123
107
156

2018
1,101
219
307
574

2019
2,286
350
626
1,310

2020
3,783
522
1,018
2,243

2021
5,475
712
1,460
3,303

2022
7,161
921
1,908
4,332

2023
8,909
1,184
2,395
5,330

2024
10,653
1,468
2,889
6,296

2025
12,391
1,772
3,391
7,228

Total
52,233
7,320
14,13030,783

Lifetime
122,543
16,67731,76774,099Cumulative Savings

GWh

87

473

1,574

3,859

7,643

13,11820,27929,18839,842

52,23352,233

122,543

Demand Savings
Capacity Savings
Benefits
Public Funding
Private Funding
Administration
Total Payments
BCR
Cash FlowMWMW
RM (Million)
RM (Million)
RM (Million)
RM (Million)
RM (Million)

14
18
28
24
207
5
236

63
79
135
39
303
5
347

179
224
378
59
493
5
557

373
466
799
60
496
5
562

617
771
1,336
61
596
5
662

893
1,116
1,947
52
628
5
685

1,168
1,460
2,552
53
672
5
730

1,453
1,816
3,173
54
755
5
814

1,737
2,172
3,790
44
791
5
840

2,021
2,526
4,401
45
840
5
890

180

237

674

1,261

1,821

2,359

2,950

3,511

2,021
18,538
493
5,781
50
6,324
2.9
12,21442,548
493
5,781
50
6,324
6.7
36,224

Total fuel savings
Gas Savings
Coal Savings
GHG savings

TJ
TJ
TJ
ktCO2eq

964
443
395
62

4,225
1,943
1,732
273

11,932
5,489
4,892
771

24,534
11,286
10,0591,585

40,204
18,494
16,484
2,597

57,60926,50023,6203,721

74,60034,31630,586
4,819

91,892
42,27137,676
5,936

108,796
50,04644,606
7,028

125,289
57,63351,3688,094

540,045
248,421
221,418
34,886

1,266,995
582,818
519,468
81,847

GWh
GWh
Pct

117,110117,023

121,431
121,045

125,885
124,784

130,474
128,188

134,830
131,047

139,206
133,731

143,326
136,165

146,992
138,082

150,657
140,004

154,142
141,751

1,364,053
1,311,820

0.1%

0.3%

0.9%

1.8%

2.8%

3.9%

5.0%

6.1%

7.1%

8.0%

3.8%

BAU
NEEAP
Savings

RM (Million)

-

208

-

212

-

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201549

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 201550