Low Carbon
Development Strategyfor Cambodia
toward 2050
‐ A Preliminary Study ‐This report introduces an ongoing study on systematic and quantitative design of low carbon develop‐
ment action in Cambodia. The main objective of this study is to formulate and propose a concrete lowcarbon development strategy in Cambodia towards 2050 and to engage research collaboration be‐
tween the Royal Government of Cambodia and the research institutes in Japan. This research is being
conducted in a collaboration between the Ministry of environment and Royal University of Agricul‐
ture, Cambodia and Kyoto University (KU), Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), andNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan.
Why does Cambodia need Low Carbon Development? Low‐Carbon Development is a guiding prin‐ciple and strategy to turn the challenges into opportunities so that Cambodia can make headway to‐wards sustainable economic growth and environmental sustainability with mitigating GHG emissions
into the atmosphere.
How is the Low Carbon Development Strategy developed in Cambodia? This study so far has
identi ied the Four Policies :Policy 1: Green Environment
Policy 2: Harmonization of Green Economy, Society and CulturePolicy 3: Blue Economy
Policy 4: Eco‐Village
to achieve low carbon development in Cambodia, and to attain the Four Policies, a dozen strategies

Four Policies andPolicy 1: Green Environment
Sustainable forest management strategy● Effective forest concession management through implementing

effective law enforcement
against illegal logging● Promotion and implementation of REDD+● Increasing carbon sequestration via forest restoration and replantation● Forest ecosystem conservation and management

Sustainable waste management strategy● Development of environmentally sound technology land ill sites through waste management

strategy/plan, waste collection and segregation● Minimization of waste and by‐products and maximum use of renewable resources by imple‐

menting 3R principle and promote waste‐to‐energy technologies● Environmentally sound waste management through allocation of waste deposal/storage andproper control of second hand goods import● Promotion of local level self‐governance and leadership to improve de‐centralized coordina‐tion of waste management and segregation

Green agriculture management strategy● Promotion of climate‐smart agriculture which increases productivity, resilience (adaptation),and reduces/removes greenhouse gases (mitigation) while enhancing national food security● Promotion of Eco‐agriculture through the use of organic fertilizer such as biomass waste, bio‐slurry, compost and livestock manure● Introduction and implementation of system of rice intensi ication (SRI) to increase yield ofrice without purchased inputs● Introduction and implementation of integrated farming system (IFS)● Sustainable land use and land management for agriculture purpose

Policy 2: Harmonization of Green
Economy, Society, and Culture
Green transport management strategy● Promotion of public transport in major cities by intensive urban math transit facilities, better

traf ic management and development of non‐motorized transport infrastructure● Green belt development by planting trees along the roads and parks● Freight modal shift for long‐distance shipment● Introduction of low‐emission and energy‐ef icient vehicles● Improvement of public transport service in the rural areas with the development ofinfrastructure for bus with reliable and affordable priceGreen energy management strategy● Encouraging the use of renewable energy through construction of hydro power plants andprivate sector participation with solar, wind, mini‐hydro, tidal, and biogas/biomass, etc.
● Encouraging the use of smart appliance and home automation system including energy saving

appliance, power control devise, and ire protection and electricity appliance maintenance● Encouraging all institutions and households to save energy

Green tourism management strategy● Promotion and implementation of clean city, clean resort and good services● Promotion of tourist attraction through introducing cultural heritages and natural tourism(eco‐tourism)‐ Cambodia‐Kingdom of Wonder● Promotion of group tour with comfortable public transport● Promotion of green lag competition and green award● Encouraging tourists to recycle waste and to reduce emission

a Dozen Strategies
Green Good Governance and human resource
development strategy● Integrating green concept into curriculum from primary education to higher one as well as voca‐

tional and training● Introducing and improving the green institutional management and arrangement● Implementing green management initiatives and intellectual capital and green job● Introducing and encouraging green concept into local communities to seek their

participation for natural resource management● Increasing human resource development throughout the country considering youth andgender participation for low carbon society

Green technology and investment strategy● Promotion of green industries and industrial ecology● Implementation of transfer of green technologies such as cleaner production, sustainableproduct innovation, renewable energy utilization● Encouraging and incentivizing the investment in effective environmental protection and natural

resource management● Promotion of green business competition and green credit

Green inancial mobilization strategy● Green inancial incentives including green tax and subsidy● Adoption of green budget reform● Implementing Payment for Environmental Services based on polluter pays principle to pro‐

mote the internalization of environmental costs● Conducting fund mobilization from development partners for green development● Development of a sound market‐based

inancial system to support resource mobilization,effective inancial resource allocation

Policy 3: Blue Economy
Green merchant marine and sustainable
coastal zone management strategy● Introduction of emission standard in maritime transport through inspection and maintenancesystem● Promotion of integrated coastal zone management● Development and enforcement of the ballast water management to control marine invasive

species

Policy 4: Eco‐Village
Low carbon infrastructure development strategy● Implementation of decentralized management system for a sustainable urban environment andbetter mobility● Construction and rehabilitation of rural roads to facilitate local transportation, and making

transit point to improve connection from one village to another● Designing walkable city through providing comfortable and safe pavement● Designing a standard road facility to differentiate between vehicle, motorist, and cyclist lane toavoid road accident and traf ic congestionGreen building design and construction strategy● Promotion and implementation of green building designs and constructions through encourag‐ing the use of energy ef icient materials● Increasing the use of wood for climate smart buildings and encouraging tree planting● Encouraging embedding renewable energy and energy saving appliance in the building design

Methodology
The current research has been identi ied four tangible polices for low carbon development plan and a dozen strategies to reach the policies. Inorder to conduct quantitative analysis of the strategies, a couple of numerical models: Extended Snapshot Tool (ExSS) and Agriculture,Forestry and other Land use Activity model (AFOLUA) is being developed and applied. The models project quantitative future activities andenvironmental loads, and identify measures to be implemented in order to achieve certain environmental and other targets. Necessary infor‐
mation to apply the models includes: Demography, Economy, Passenger Transport, Freight Transport Volume, Energy, Agriculture, Land
Use, and Waste as well as future goals of national development in various ield.

Advisors:NameAf iliation

Position

Dr. Tin Ponlok

Ministry of Environment (MoE), Cambodia

Deputy Director General

Mr. Sum Thy

MoE, Cambodia

Director of Climate Change Department

Prof. Yuzuru Matsuoka

Kyoto University, Japan

Professor

Dr. Shuzo Nishioka

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan

Senior Research Advisor

Dr. Mikiko Kainuma

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan

Fellow

Taskforces:Name

Af iliation

Position

Mr. Hak Mao

MoE, Cambodia and Kyoto University, Japan

Chief of Of ice (MoE) and Doctoral Candidate

Mr. Kim Soben

Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia

LecturerDr. Kei Gomi

Kyoto University, JapanResearch Fellow

Ms. Tomoko IshikawaIGES, Japan

Secretary

Ms. Takako Wakiyama

IGES, Japan

Researcher

Dr. Junichi Fujino

NIES, JapanSenior Researcher

Ms. Yumiko Asayama

NIES, JapanResearcher

Contact address
Hak Mao

Email: maohakccd.se@gmail.com
Address in Cambodia: #48 Preah Sihanouk Blvd, Chamkarmon, Ministry of Environment, Phnom Penh, CAMBODIA
Address in Japan: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University C‐cluster, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto, 615‐8540, JAPAN