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OUTLINE

FLOOD RISKMANAGEMENT IN ASIA :INDONESIA EXPERIENCES

1. INTRODUCTION
2 NATURAL DISASTER
2.
3. DISATER RISK REDUCTION & RELIEF
4. DISASTER POLICY & MANAGEMENTIr. Hartanto, Dipl.HE&Sudarsono, ATP.CES.

5. INSTITUTIONAL & ORGANIZATION

Directorate of Operation and Maintenance2012 JSCE Annual Meeting – Nagoya

6. FLOOD DISASTER IN BENGAWAN SOLODIRECTORATE GENERAL OF WATER RESOURCES

KEMENTERIANPEKERJAAN UMUM
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS

1INTRODUCTIONREPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

1. INTRODUCTION

2 covering land : 1.904.570 km2.
 current population of 230 million peoples
 current growth rate of 1,2% annually.
 Comprises of 17.508 islands,
 6,1 million Km2 of its territory are covered by water.
 two distinct seasons; monsoon wet and dryhigh rainfall during rainy season (2.000 – 3.000 mm a year) and very low rainfall during
dry season.

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INTRODUCTION• The archipelago is located on triple junction plate convergence (Indo‐Australia,Eurasia and Pacific plates) that part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
54INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION• Accordingly, Indonesia experiences frequent earth‐quakes incidents, which in some cases results indtsunami incidents.
Devastating cases : Tsunami in Aceh (December 26,2004)

6• Abundant of water resources• High annual rainfall intensity• Climate become unpredictable
pthese day72

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2. NATURAL DISASTER• Indonesia frequently suffers from devastating natural disasters,such as:‐ Floods;‐ Volcanic eruptions;‐ Sedimentation/mudflow;‐ Tsunami;‐ Landslides;‐ Typhoon/whirlwinds;‐ Earthquakes;‐ Draught/water crises.

2. NATURAL DISASTER

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2. NATURAL DISASTER

92. NATURAL DISASTER
NATURAL DISASTER EVENTS IN INDONESIA
2006-2011

MAP OF FLOOD AND FLASH FLOODDISASTER OCCURANCE IN INDONESIA 201110113

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2. NATURAL DISASTER

2. NATURAL DISASTER

River Situation

NATURAL DISASTER EVENTS IN INDONESIA
2006-2011

There are about 5.590 and 600 of them potentially cause flooding.

2011

2010

Flood
Hurricane

2009

TsunamiVolcano2008

Earthquake
2007

LandslideYear
DisasterFloodLandslide
Earthquake
VolcanoTsunamiHurricane
Total

2006
31967139
71352597

2007
304
73373
34988890

2008

2009

637
148
468
2450
191
1518

571
101
435
2125184
1337

2010
821
214
372
1918253
1697

2011
943
222
403
2225198
1813

Causes of flooding :1. Increasing of changing
land use

2. Natural events

3. Increasing
river zoneofusing

2006
0200

400

600

800

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2. NATURAL DISASTER

2. NATURAL DISASTER

Types of Floods in Indonesia
Bengawan Solo River BasinRiverine Floods

Flash Floods

Ciliwung River Basin

14Citarum River Basin154

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3. NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION AND RELIEF•Lesson Learnt:
1). Disaster often occurs when we are not ready.
2) Local governments should prepare disaster countermeasures plan and2).
allocate sufficient contingency budget.
3). Pre‐disaster incident
4). During disaster incident
5). Post disaster incident

3. NATURAL DISASTERREDUCTION AND RELIEF

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3. NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION AND RELIEF

3. NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION AND RELIEF• Related Laws and Regulations:1). Law (UU) No. 7/2004 concerning Water Resources(Chapter V,V Art.
Art 51‐58);
2). UU No. 24/2007 concerning Disaster Counter‐measures;
3). Government Act (PP) No. 21/2008 concerning
Disaster Countermeasures Management;
4).
) PP No. 22/2008 concerningg Disaster Budget
g andAid Management;
5). PP No. 23/2008 concerning Participation of Inter‐national Organizations and NGOs
5). PP No. 38/2011 concerning River

Rainy Season

Dry Season
Peak

Peak

FinishDrought

Flood and Slide
Start

Start

FinishOct

NovDesJanFebMar

AprMayJunJulAug

Sept

Flood &LandSlide

112233445566Drought

455661122334

Disaster Cycle Process along the year that always occur

1. Preparedness
2. Disaster moment/Response
3. Recovery

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4. Research, Study and Development
5. Action Plan
6. Prevention dan Mitigation

Figure 1. Water–related disaster cycle diagram

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3. NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION AND RELIEF

3. NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION AND RELIEF
Rehabilitation – New construction – O&M
Upgrading infrastructure capacity

Preparedness

Mitigation
Duringdisasterincident

Rehabilitation
Mitigation(risk reduction)

Normal cycle;
Sector domain

Emergency responses

Disasterevent

Coordination(at national & local level)
Disaster cyclewith integrated& coordinatedmanagement

Post disaster
Postincident

Pre-disaster
incident

Inter-sectoral participation
Coordinated inter-district/local gov’t

Reconstruction

Figure 2. Water–related disaster management cycle

Remark:Normal cycle
Disaster cycle

Figure 3. Emergency responses cycle

2021

4. DISATER POLICY AND MANAGEMENT

Establishment ofDevelopment Policy

Figure 4. Implementation of disaster management
Politics
Normalcondition
diti

Staging:(no disaster)Pre-disaster
incident

Soc
cial aspect

4.
4 DISASTER POLICY &MANAGEMENT

Quick study
Emergency status
Rescue & evacuation
Basic needs & livestockBasicShelters
Relief efforts

During disaster
incident

Rehabilitation

Post-disaster
incident

Reconstruction

EconomicPotential for adisaster event

PlanningPrevention
Mitigation
Education
Training & Drill
ResearchSpatial arrangement
Mitigation
Early warningPreparedness

Construction of infrastructure
SocialEconomic
HealthSecurity
Environment

Environmental aspect
2222

23

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4. DISASTER POLICY & MANAGEMENT

4. DISASTER POLICY & MANAGEMENTDISASTER POLICY MEASUREMENT:

Policies:••••

1. Modify human susceptibility
2. Modify the impact
3. Modify flooding
4. Preserve and restore the natural resources
regulations
5. Non structural measures
6. Operation and Maintenance

Adaptation measures
Mitigation measures
Response
Recovery2524

4. DISASTER POLICY & MANAGEMENTTRENDS OF MITIGATION ACTIVITIES IN INDONESIALAST 10 YEARSPREVIOUS DECADELAST DECADE

Focus on disaster response

Focus on disaster risk reduction &mitigation

Reactive

ProactiveSingle Institution

All parties participation

Focus on one field of expertise

Multidiscipline

Response Management

Risk Management

Planning for community

Planning together with community

Socialization to community

Communication with community

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5. INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATION

5. INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONINSTITUTIONAL EMPOWERMENTSTAGEDuties and Responsibilities related toDisaster Management

ORGANIZATIONPRESIDENTCENTRALPROVINCE

NATIONAL AGENCY
FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT(BNPB)REGIONAL AGENCY
FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT(BPBD)MINISTRY OF
PUBLIC WORK AND
INVOLVING
ORGANIZATION• National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB)• Regional Agency for Disaster Management (BPBD)• Ministry of Public Works• Private and International Organization• Volunteers

QUICK RESPONSE
UNIT

REGENCYDISTRICTDISASTER AID
CENTRE28

5. INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATION

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5. INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATION

Role of Civil Engineering :Future International Cooperation :•University (University of Gadjah Mada – Master of DisasterManagement Program))•Professional Organization ( Hathi, KNI‐BB, PII, etc)
•Private•Etc•AHA Centre – ASEAN•Intra‐Government Cooperation•Inter‐Organization Cooperation (JICA, KOICA, USAid,etc)•Regional Cooperation

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5. FLOOD DISASTER IN BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER BASIN

5. FLOOD DISASTER IN
BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER BASIN

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5. FLOOD DISASTER IN BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER BASIN

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5. FLOOD DISASTER IN BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER BASINYear 2007

34Year 2008

• Bengawan Solo River Basin
Territory (Solo River Basin),which is located in 20
regencies and municipalitiesof Central Java Province andEast Java Province, covering
an area of 20,125 km². It
consists of Bengawan SoloRiver, Grindulu and Lorogg
rivers, Pantura Gelangban
rivers, as well as Lamong
River basins.

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5. FLOOD DISASTER IN BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER BASIN

5. FLOOD DISASTER IN BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER BASIN

Solo River, the longest
river in Java Island(main river about 600
km length),g ) is the mostimportant water
resources for people inthe basin. It provides
water for domestic,municipality, andindustral uses, as well
as for irrigation. Theriver,
however,river however
experiences heavy
floods frequently
causing extensive
damages andcasualties.

Year 2009

Average annual
rainfall in SoloRiver Basin 2,100mm, about 80%
occurs in rainyseason October‐
April. Due to global
climate change,
however, rainfall
occurance
becomes un‐
predictable,
predictable inmany cases rainfall
intensity becomeextremely highcausing flash
floods intributaries of the36basin.

5. FLOOD DISASTER IN BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER BASIN

Post OfficeMerdeka Hotel

Hardjodaksino Bus TerminalSunan Palace North Gate

FLOODS IN SOLO CITY (1966)

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5. FLOOD DISASTER IN BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER BASIN

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THANK YOU

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