Table of contents

1

Page

Foreword
Background of the city of Putrajaya
Background of Putrajaya Green City 2025

1
2
2Part 1: PUTRAJAYA BUILDING SECTOR CARBON
EMISSIONS MONITORING & REPORTING
PROGRAMME

3

Part 2: INVENTORY OF PUTRAJAYA GREENHOUSEGAS EMISSIONS 2014

7

Part 3: UPDATES ON PUTRAJAYA'S INITIATIVES ON
TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY

9

Putrajaya Bikeable City : Status Updates

9Internaonal Demonstraon Project for EV Buses
with super quick charging system in Putrajaya

11Foreword
It has now been 5 years since Putrajaya ﬁrst started to implement programmes
and iniaves to transform the city into a sustainable low carbon green city,starng with the preparaon of Putrajaya Green City 2025: Baseline andPreliminary Study (PGC2025). PGC2025 has set an ambious target to reduce
Putrajaya's citywide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 60% from its 2025
business as usual level.
The planning and development foundaon of the city based on sustainable
development principles has set the solid groundwork for the city's transformaontowards becoming a sustainable low carbon green city by 2025.
Annually, Putrajaya Corporaon (PJC) has been publishing updated reports on
green iniaves that have been implemented in the city. For 2015, this report contains an introducon to a
new programme targeng on the building sector's GHG emission namely, PUTRAJAYA BUILDING SECTOR
CARBON EMISSIONS MONITORING & REPORTING PROGRAMME that is expected to be implemented
in 2016. This programme is designed based on Tokyo Metropolitan Government's experience in theimplementaon of carbon reducon reporng programme in Tokyo.
PJC acknowledges the kind assistance of the research team from Universi Teknologi Malaysia, Kyoto
University, Naonal Instute for Environmental Studies, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Mizuho
Informaon and Research Instute and the Ministry of the Environment, Japan in the design anddevelopment of the programme. We are also grateful for the support of the Ministry of Federal Territories,
the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, the Federal Territory of Putrajaya Public Works
Department and the Sustainable Energy Development Authority in the implementaon of the programmein the near future. It is hoped that the programme will be able to reduce the GHG emissions from thebuilding sector by approximately 600 to 700ktCO₂ by 2025 resulng in savings of about MYR500 million interms of reducon of energy use in buildings in Putrajaya.
This report also includes the annual INVENTORY OF PUTRAJAYA GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 2014
which sll indicates an upward trend in GHG emissions for the city. This requires concentrated acons to betaken, parcularly in the building and the transportaon sectors.
UPDATES ON PUTRAJAYA'S INITIATIVE ON TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY is also included in thisreport consisng of Putrajaya Bikeable City : Status Updates as well as informaon on the Internaonal
Demonstraon Project for EV Buses with super quick charging system in Putrajaya, a project sponsored by
the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organizaon (NEDO) of Japan and a consorum ofJapanese companies ancipated to begin operaon in the fourth quarter of 2016.
Again let me extend my utmost appreciaon and gratude to all pares involved in the planning,development and implementaon of programmes and iniaves towards Putrajaya Green City 2025 and welook forward to their connuous and solid support for Putrajaya in years to come.
Thank you.

DATUK HAJI HASIM BIN HAJI ISMAIL
President
Putrajaya Corporaon2

Background of the city of Putrajaya
29th of August 2015 marked the 20th anniversary of the establishment of Putrajaya as the Federal Government's
administrave centre of Malaysia. Sustainable development principles has been the adopted in the planning anddevelopment of the city since its incepon. This is clearly evident in the designaon of almost 40% of its total city areaof 4,931 hectares, speciﬁcally for green and open spaces. Putrajaya is also intended to be a self‐contained city withresidenal areas planned on neighbourhood planning concept. The road and transportaon network are planned ona policy of modal split of 70:30 between public transport : private transport usage complemented with an extensive
network of cycle ways and walkways. Its planned populaon is set at 350,000 people with a day me populaon ofhalf a million people.
Planned (2025)

Current

Population

350,000 people

82,200 people

Housing

65,000 units

27,589 units

Government Office Space

3.4 million sqm

2.7 million sqm

Commercial space

4.5 million. sqm

0.7 million sqm

Background of Putrajaya Green City 2025
Putrajaya Green City 2025 : Baseline and Preliminery Study (PGC2025) is a collaborave research eﬀort by a teamconsisng of Universi Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Green Technology Corporaon, Putrajaya Corporaon, Kyoto
University, Okayama University, Naonal Instute for Environmental Studies, Japan and the Asia Paciﬁc Integrated
Model team.
PGC2025 is a study to assess the current state of the city in terms of its GHG emissions and to propose suggesons interms of broad targets or counter measures to reduce emissions by 2025.
The study has calculated CO₂ emissions baseline for Putrajaya for base year 2007 and calculated the emissions level
for the 'business as usual case' (BaU) for 2025. In order to reduce the emissions level by 2025, the quantave
environmental targets are outlined in three themes; Low CarbonPutrajaya, Cooler Putrajaya and 3R Putrajaya.

Low-carbon
Low-carbon
Putrajaya
Putrajaya

CoolerPutrajaya

CO2 emission
CoPutrajaya
2 emission

-20c

-60%
Putrajaya

3

3R
Putrajaya
Final disposal& GHG emission-50%

PUTRAJAYA BUILDING SECTOR CARBON EMISSIONSMONITORING & REPORTING PROGRAMME
Naonal context
In 2009, the Prime Minister of Malaysia declared that Malaysia is adopng an indicator of a voluntary reducon up to
40% in terms of emission intensity of GDP by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels. Prior to that, the government of
Malaysia unveiled the Naonal Green Technology Policy (NGTP) which was a turning point in the country's iniaves
towards sustainable growth and development. In addion, the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (2016‐2020) announced in
May 2015 emphasizes on the importance of green growth. In order to embark on green growth and achieve theinternaonal pledge, implementaon of intensive acons is required for the whole of Malaysia.

Putrajaya's posion
One of many iniaves for embarking on green growth is to showcase Putrajaya and Cyberjaya as pioneer green cies.
In line with this iniave, Putrajaya Corporaon (PJC) has prepared the Putrajaya Green City 2025 (PGC2025), which
consists of policy package for GHG reducon by 2025. PGC2025 indicates 60% of emissions in 2025 can be reduced,
which corresponds to about 2,400 ktCO2 by implemenng 12 acons. . The GHG inventory in 2014 indicates that thebuilding sector contributes the highest in terms of city's GHG emissions at 67% and there is a huge potenal to reduce
GHG emissions from this sector. This requires focus on implemenng energy conservaon and energy eﬃciency
pracces in the building sector. In 2014, PJC announced at one of the side events at COP20 that it is essenal to takenecessary acons to introduce a new programme to address this.

The way towards Putrajaya Green City
In order to reduce carbon emission in Putrajaya, PJC is now launching a new administrave programme, named
Putrajaya Building Sector Carbon Emissions Monitoring & Reporng Programme. This programme will requirebuilding owners to report their energy consumpon and GHG emissions from their building operaons. They are also
requested to submit the acon plan for reducing their emission in the report. The parcipang enes can receive
feedbacks and supports, including advices for improvement of energy eﬃciency, technical support for reducing
consumpon of ulies, awards for good energy pracces.

4

Putrajaya Building Sector Carbon Emissions Monitoring & Reporng Programme
Overview of the Programme:
The scope of the programme covers buildings otherthan residenal use. Buildings can be categorized
into two groups: 1) large scale buildings with gross
ﬂoor area (GFA) over 10,001 m², 2) Medium andsmall scale buildings with GFA below 10,000 m². The
programme will require owners of large scalebuildings to report their building's proﬁle, energy
consumpon, GHG emission and acon plan toreduce G H G emissions from their building
operaons. Owners of medium and small scalebuildings are encouraged to report on a voluntarybasis. The total number of buildings covered by the
programme under the mandatory requirement is
expected to reach 67%, involving 95% of total GFA ofplanned buildings.

Building Category

Government
Public Amenities&
Facilities
Commercial
Total

Coverage in number of buildings
Medium & Small scale
Large scale buildings
buildings
2(GFA over 10,001 m )(GFA below 10,000 m2)
98
10
(91%)
(9%)
62
(53%)

54
(47%)

120
(62%)
280
(67%)

73
(38%)
137
(33%)

Total
plannednumber ofbuildings
108
116
193
417

Targeted building owners are required toperform the following acvies and report:
1.

2.

To measure their building consumpon ofelectricity [kWh], chilled water [Rth], liquid
petroleum gas [mmBtu] and water [m³] in thelatest ﬁscal year through direct measurement orcollecng bills for use of these ulies. Technicalsupports for measurement are provided.
To esmate GHG emission from their building
operaon in the latest ﬁscal year in accordancewith the following formula:
GHG Emission [kgCO₂] = Consumpon [kWh,R t h , m m B t u & m ³ ] x E m i s s i o n Fa c t o r[kgCO ₂ /kWh, kgCO ₂ /Rth, kgCO ₂ /mmBtu &kgCO ₂/m³] (*). PJC will provide a detailed
guideline and simpliﬁed toolkit for esmaon.
(*) The eﬀort for saving gas/water use can be included in
the context of emission reducon according to the formula.

3.

To prepare an acon plan to reduce GHG
emission from their building operaon.
4. To summarise all of the things wri en above,and submit the report to PJC.
The report especially acon plan will be assessedfrom the viewpoints of suﬃciency in lineup andstrength of acons.

Target of the Programme:
This programme adopts Building Energy Index (BEI) as an indicator. PGC2025 indicates that average BEI of non‐residenal buildings has the potenal to be reduced by 36% in 2025 compared to baseline scenario to an average BEI
of about 23.4 toe/000m² (272 kWh/m²). In order to realise this reducon potenal, the programme targets to achieve
an average BEI of 23.4 toe/000m² (272 kWh/m²) by 2025. If all of non‐residenal buildings accomplish the target,
around 600 ktCO₂ can be reduced; amounng to about MYR450 million in savings through the reducon in energy
use. To achieve this target, the average BEI has to be reduced by 28% from the 2014 average BEI of 32.7 toe/000m²(381kWh/m²).

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Required Acons for Building Owners:Introducon of energy management system for managing energy consumpon
Replace energy equipments with high energy eﬃcient ones
Retroﬁt energy equipments by introducing energy saving devices
Upgrade building envelopes by insulaon improvement

Expected beneﬁts of the programme:
For PJC ability to examine and manage energy consumpon and GHG emission for individual buildings
 enforcement/encouragement for building owners to take eﬀecve acons
 the achievement of PGC2025 targets as well as contribute towards naonal reducon target
For Building Owners
 savings on ulies costs by taking acons
 facilitate in Green Building cerﬁcaon obtain good reputaon through GHG emission reduconRelaonship between the programme and exisng schemes
There are various naonal policies, laws/standards, tools for diﬀusing energy eﬃcient green buildings in Malaysia.
These instruments can be ulized as reference, or support tools for implemenng the programme in Putrajaya.
The programme will be implemented through collaboraon with various ministries and agencies, among others, theMinistry of Federal Teritorries, Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA), Federal Territory of
Putrajaya Public Works Department (JKR Putrajaya), Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) and others.
The programme will play a key role in achieving the target of Putrajaya as a Green City by 2025, and will contributetowards the achievement of the naonal target of 40% reducon in carbon intensity in 2020.
The programme can be diﬀused to other cies through the LCCF programme or other iniaves by KeTTHA and theMinistry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government.

6

Schedule for Implementaon of the Programme
In order to introduce the programme smoothly, voluntary based scheme with limited target is desirable in the inialstage of the implementaon. The target buildings shall be expanded gradually. The following ﬁgure shows the steps
for expanding the scope of the program.


Pilot Project Phase: This is the preparaon stage for iniang the programme. The Taskforce for designing andoperang the programme has already begun the acvies. The taskforce will select two or three buildings and run
the programme as trial pracce. This stage will be completed by March 2016.
 Phase 1: The government buildings will be encouraged to parcipate the programme on a voluntary basis in theinial one or two years. Implementaon period for phase 1 is from 2016 to 2018.
 Phase 2: The scope of the programme will be expanded to cover the public amenity and facilies buildings.
Implementaon period for phase 2 is from 2019 to 2020.
 Phase 3: The scope of the programme will be expanded to cover the commercial buildings. Implementaon period
for phase 3 is from 2021 to 2025.

Task force
Name

Affiliation

Position

Dato’ Omairi Hashim

PUTRAJAYA CORPORATION

Vice President (City Planning Department)

Azhar Othman

PUTRAJAYA CORPORATION

Principal Assistant Director (Putrajaya Green City Section)

Wang Tze Wee

PUTRAJAYA CORPORATION

Senior Assistant Director (Putrajaya Green City Section)

Ho Chin Siong

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

Professor

Yuzuru MATSUOKAKYOTO UNIVERSITY

Professor

Junichi FUJINONATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Senior Researcher

Yuko NISHIDATOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT

Planner

Kazutaka OKA

MIZUHO INFORMATION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Chief Consultant

Kazuya FUJIWARAMIZUHO INFORMATION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Chief Consultant

Aya NAITOMIZUHO INFORMATION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Consultant

This acvity is sponsored by Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MoEJ)

ASIA-PACIFIC INTEGRATED MODELWILAYAH PERSEKUTUANPUTRAJAYA

Ministry of Federal
Territories

7

INVENTORY OF PUTRAJAYA GREENHOUSE GASEMISSIONS 2014
Putrajaya Corporaon has been preparing annual inventories ongreenhouse gas emissions since 2012. As per previous years, thegreenhouse gas emissions for Putrajaya for year 2014 were
calculated based on seven sectors namely:
I
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.

Government buildings
Commercial buildings
Public amenies and facilies
Residenal
Passenger transport
Freight transport andSolid waste

Figure 1: GHG Emissions Comparison

The overall GHG emissions for year 2014 have increased 17 per centto 1,542ktCO₂eq as compared to 1,316tCO₂eq for year 2013. This ismainly due to factors such as the increase in the completed building
ﬂoor space and the number of populaon as well as the number ofworkers in the city. Emissions per capita were 16.3tCO ₂ eq
compared to year 2013 at 13.2tCO₂eq and year 2012 at 12.1tCO₂eq.
Figure 1 summarises the GHG emissions level for 2012, 2013 and2014 as compared to the base year 2007 and the target year 2025.
The inventory results indicated that the highest GHG emissions issll predominantly from the building sector at 67% (1,038 ktCO₂eq),
followed by the transportaon sector at 28% (432ktCO₂eq) andsolid waste at 5% (72ktCO₂eq).

Figure 2: GHG Emissions per Capita

The highest source of GHG emissions is from the use of electricity at
57% (881 ktCO₂eq) followed by petroleum at 24% (366ktCO₂eq)
and natural gas at 14% (218ktCO₂eq) indicang that the citywide
energy usage are sll very much dependent on non‐renewableenergy sources. The same situaon can be observed since 2012 andthis is closely related to the development of government oﬃce
complexes, commercial premises as well as residenal buildings in
2014.
Sector2013

2014

2025BaU

2025CM

Residential

79

98

266

150

Government building

600

626

363

139

Commercial

240

277

1435

769

Public amenties & facilities

34

38

240

112

Passenger transport

305

426

1314

368

Freight transport

7

7

156

89

Waste

51

72

414

189

1,316

1,542

4,186

1,815

1,316

1,542

4,186

1,780

Total Emissions
carbon sink
Net emissions

Figure 3: GHG Emissions based on 3 main scopes

35

Table 1: Comparison of GHG Emissions by Seven Sectors

Figure 4: GHG emissions by source

8

Carbon Emissions from Building Sector
The building sector sll remains the highest in terms of energy
consumpon. The distribuon of ﬂoor area by building types are as
follows; 45.0% residenal ﬂoor space, 33.6% for government oﬃce
building space, 8.8% for commercial space and 12.6% for publicamenies and facilies
A total of 60% of emissions in the building sector is contributed
mainly by operaons in government oﬃce buildings followed byoperaons in commercial buildings at 27%.

Figure 5: Carbon Emissions from building sector

Carbon Emissions from Transportaon Sector
The second highest in terms of carbon emissions is from thetransportaon sector with 98% coming from the passenger
transport. Despite this, there has been a decrease in terms of trip
generaon indicated by the decrease in in‐coming and out‐going
persons between 2013 and 2014.
Figure 6: Building Sector Carbon Emissions by source

Carbon Emissions from Solid Waste Sector
In the waste sector, the inventory result for 2014 indicate anincrease in GHG emissions at 72 ktCO₂eq as compared to 2013 at
51ktCO₂eq.

Figure 7: Carbon Emissions from Transportaon Sector

ati

on &

li
obi tyning & B
u
lan

g
r

U

E n e

ra t i o n & M

e

t
W a

s

te Management

Solid WUg e

mage ent

as

r

a

an

C it y A d min

y

a g e

PGC2025
7 Focus Areas
ist

Figure 8: Incoming & Outgoing Persons Comparison
s

g

City

in
ild

P

rt

M

Tr a n s po

Figure 10: GHG Emissions Comparisons for
Waste Sector

Figure 9: Carbon Emissions from Transportaon Sector
by Source

9UPDATES ON PUTRAJAYA'S INITIATIVESON TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY
Will acvies that encourage leisure cycling
naturally lead to an increase in commuter
cycling?
It is clear that leisure/recreaonal cycling is, formany, a valid entry point into cycling andiniaves to encourage cycling for leisure,
health and ﬁtness should result in longer termincreases in ulity and commuter cycling.
Pa r c i p a o n i n l e i s u r e c y c l i n g a l l o w s
inexperienced cyclists to overcome some of thepraccal and emoonal barriers to cycling (e.g.
conﬁdence, fear of traﬃc, ability) and istherefore an eﬀecve means of encouraging
non‐ and infrequent cyclists, parcularly those
who are not in the 'near market' demographic
group, to prepare themselves for cycle
commung.
Source:Exploring the relaonship between leisure andcommuter cycling
Policy Analysis Research Summary, October
2011, Transport for London

Putrajaya Bikeable City : Status Updates
The upgrading of cycling and walking infrastructure in
Putrajaya.
The ﬁrst phase of the programme involves 24km of exisng
cycleways and walkways in Precinct 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the city
centre and part of the residenal precincts 8, 9 and 18. The
upgrading works is ancipated to be completed by end of 2015
and operaonal in early 2016. This programme will be
extended in phases to cover the main routes linking theresidenal precincts to the city centre and along thepromenade of Putrajaya lake.

10Promoon of Putrajaya Cycling Trails
As part of the Putrajaya Bikeable City iniave and topromote cycling as leisure/recreaonal acvity within
the city, nine cycling trails has been idenﬁed andpublished in a map. These are categorized by theirdiﬃculty levels; easy trails, moderate trails andchallenging trails.

The Easy Trails
Sisiran Tasik Trail : 12.1 km along the promenade areaof Putrajaya Lake.
Perdana Trail : 5 km trail along the Persiaran Perdana,
the main boulevard in the city centre.
Marina Trail : 2.7 km trail along the southern
promenade area of Putrajaya lake

The Moderate Trails
Through this promoon acvity, PJC hope that cycling
for leisure, health and ﬁtness will be encouraged further
and ulmately will result in a take up in ulity andcommuter cycling in the long term.

Saujana Hijau Trail: 7.2km trail linking the city centre
to the residenal precincts 8, 10 and 11 ending at the
Saujana Hijau metropolitan park in Precinct 11
Wetland Trail : 4km trail linking the city centre and the
Putrajaya Botanical Park and the Wetland
Metropolitan park in the north of the city.
Putra Perdana Trail : 800m trail in the Putra Perdana
Metropolitan ParkThe Challenging Trails
Rimba Alam Trail : 5km trail linking the Wawasan
Metropolitan Parks in the city centre through theresidenal precinct 16 up to the Rimba Alam
Metropolitan Park of Precinct 15 in the northeast of
the city
Cabaran Trail : 2.7 km trail linking the southern part ofthe city and the Putrajaya Challenge Park.
Wawasan Trail : 3.6 km trail winding through the
Wawasan Metropolitan Park in Precinct 2

11

Internaonal Demonstraon Project for EV Buses with super quick charging system
in Putrajaya
In line with the Malaysian Government aspiraon for Putrajaya to transform into a green technology city, PJC has
formulated PGC2025 in which the “Low Carbon Transportaon” iniave has been idenﬁed for implementaon as
an eﬀort to reduce the city's carbon emissions by 2025, parcularly from the transportaon sector. One of the
programme idenﬁed is to encourage the use of hybrid and electric vehicles by the government.
The Government's Economic Transformaon Programme (ETP) under the Naonal Key Economic Area (NKEA)Electrical & Electronics – Entry Point Projects (EPP) 18: Enabling Electric Vehicle Component Manufacturing,parcularly EPP 18.1: Public Transportaon has the target of introducing 2000 EV buses by 2020. By implemenng
this demonstraon project in Putrajaya, Malaysia is one step closer towards achieving this aim.
Since year 2000, Putrajaya Corporaon (PJC) has operated its own public bus services for the city and its vicinity. The
public bus service is operated by Perbadanan Putrajaya's subsidiary company, Pengangkutan Awam Putrajaya Sdn.
Bhd. using 171 environmental friendly NGV buses and 4 Diesel buses. The service operates along 48 routes within thecity and its vicinity.

Exisng NGV bus ﬂeet operang along the intra‐city bus route in Putrajaya
The number of passengers has been increasing steadily. In 2014, the intra city bus service records 5.2 million
passengers.
The proposal for the implementaon of the demonstraon project was iniated by the New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development Organizaon (NEDO) of Japan and a Consorum of Japanese Companies namely, Toshiba
Corporaon, PUES Corporaon, Hasetec Corporaon and Oriental Consultants Global Co. Ltd. as early as April 2014.
In May 2014, PJC issued a le er of intent agreeing to cooperate in the project.
As an agency under the Ministry of Federal Territories, PJC has sought advice from the ministry before proceeding
further. The ministry has brought the ma er up to the a enon of the cabinet of the government of Malaysia for
decision and approval. The cabinet has given the approval on 18 June 2015 for a Memorandum of Understanding(MOU) to be signed between PJC and NEDO.

12

On the 1 of July 2015, the MOU and a subsequent document, “Speciﬁc
Arrangements (SA) to the MOU” were signed between Perbadanan and
NEDO. These were followed by signing of the Implementaon Document
between Japanese Consorum namely Toshiba Corporaon, PUES
Corporaon, Hasetec Corporaon and Oriental Consultants Global Co. Ltd
and PAPSB on the 28 July 2015.
To implement the project, a steering commi ee was established on 6
November 2015, with the main aim to oversee the implementaon of thedemonstraon project. The member of the commi ee is consisted of 2
representaves of PPj, 2 representaves of NEDO and representaves
from the Ministry of Federal Territories (KWP), Ministry of Energy, GreenTechnology and Water (KeTTHA), the Department of Road Transport (JPJ)and the Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD).

MOU signing ceremony at PJC complex

The project is one of the ﬁrst implemented in the ASEAN region
comprising the demonstraon use of EV buses with Super Quick
Charging (SQC) Technology. The project is expected to ulise 10 large
EV buses operang along the exisng 30km bus routes in Putrajayawith 10 minutes charging at the terminal. Its operaon is ancipatedto begin by the end of 2016 and will involve the collaboraon
between the Japanese Consorum and local companies to realise theulmate aim of establishing an ASEAN EV Hub in Malaysia.

First project steering commi ee meengSolution for the Demonstration Project for EV Buses with SQC system in Putrajaya

13Components of Demonstration Project for EV Buses with SQC system in Putrajaya

SQC charging facilities at the bus terminal

14

TOWARDS PUTRAJAYA GREENCITY 2025
© Putrajaya Corporation 2015
All copyright reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or stored in a
retrieval manner or transmitted in any form or by any means, whether electronic,
mechanical, photocopy recording or otherwise without prior permission obtained from
Putrajaya Corporation.
Published by:
Putrajaya Corporation
First Edition
November 2015
This report is printed on recycled paper.

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