FUKUSHIMA RECONSTRUCTION AND
DECOMMISSIOING OF FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NPSMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Tatsuya SHINKAWA
May 24, 20190Today’s presentation
Introduction
1. Reconstruction of Fukushima
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

Current status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power station
Environmental Monitoring
Progress of Decontamination
Effects of Decontamination in SDA
Progress of lift evacuation orders

1.6 Decontamination and lift of Evacuation Order
1.7 Restoration of infrastructures
1.8 Proceeding of Fukushima innovation coast Scheme

2. R&D for Fukushima Daiichi NPS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

Outline of Governmental Support for R&D
Budgetary measures
Whole structure of R&D in 2019
Recent Examples of R&D
Future Plan for investigation inside PCV

2.6 International collaboration in R&D1

1.1 Current status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station• All units at the Fukushima Daiichi NPS are being kept stable.
• IAEA said “significant progress has already been accomplished to move
Fukushima Daiichi from an emergency situation to a stabilized situation.”(IAEA review mission, January 31, 2019)

Decommissioning Road Map
Dec. 2011
Efforts for stabilization
Cold shutdown state
drastic reduction of release ofradioactive material

Nov. 2013(Unit4)

Phase 1
Until start of fuel removalfrom SFP（within 2 years）

Now

Until 2021

Phase 2
Until start of fuel debris
retrieval(within 10 years)

Phase 3
Until completion of
decommissioning(30-40 years)21-2. Environmental Monitoring• The environment impact on the site and surrounding area have beensignificantly reduced.
(Bq/L)

Sea
Concentration of radioactive materials (Cs-137)
near the south discharge channel (monthly average)

Whole map of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plantdose rate (mSv/year)

Guidance value recommended in the WHO
Guidelines for Drinking water quality (10Bq/L)

Additional dose rate at the site boundaryfrom radioactive materials (Cesium) of unit 1-4 (Evaluation value)Air3

1-3. Progress of Decontamination• Whole area decontamination in the Special Decontamination Areas(SDA) was completed at the end of March, 2017, excluding the Areas
where Returning is Difficult (ARD).
Special Decontamination Areas (SDA)
DateIitate
Kawamata
Minamisoma
Nihonmatsu

KatsuraoNamieTamura

KawauchiFutabaOkuma
TomiokaNarahaOnoIwaki

Fukushima
Daiichi NPS(As of March 2017 )4

1-4. Effects of Decontamination in SDA• Air dose rate in residential areas has been decreased 60% by thedecontamination.
• It is confirmed that effect of the whole area decontamination ismaintained.
【Air dose rate at the height of 1m from the ground / Transition according to land category】[Air dose rate (μSv/h)]

Before decontamination(Nov.2011 - Oct. 2016)
After decontamination(Dec. 2011 - Dec. 2016)
Post-decontamination monitoring(Oct. 2014 - Jun. 2017)（n=472,279）

Residential areas(n=258,687)

Farmland(n=82,503)

Forests(n=69,063)

Roads(n=62,026)※Only in areas with the data,excluding Areas where Returning
is Difficult51-5. Progress of lift evacuation orders
Explanatory notes

Diagramareas under evacuation
ordersDate

Areas where Returning is Difficult(ARD)
Habitation Restricted Area

(as of April 10th, 2019)

Preparation Area for lift of Evaluation orderIitate
Kawamata

Minami-soma

TamuraKatsurao

Fukushima
Daiichi NPS

NamieFutaba

Ogawara, Chuyashiki districts
Lifted on April 10th, 2019

KawauchiOkuma< Blue frame area >Tomioka・Ogawara district which is Habitation Restricted
Areas in Okuma.

NarahaHamadori-area
in Fukushima Pref.

Area in which evacuation orders were liftedIwaki

Hirono・Chuyashiki district which is Preparation Area forlift of Evaluation order in Okuma.
have been lifted on April 10th, 2019.
J Village61-6. Restoration of infrastructures• Restoration of infrastructures, such as road and rail way, are making
steady progress.
areas under evacuation orders
Former areas under evacuation orders

ＪＲ常磐線の開通等の見通し
Railway: JR Joban line

Express Way and National Road
Joban Expressway

Yamamoto
Yamamoto – Soma
(reopened : 2014.12.6)

L=18kmNational Road
(route 6)

Haranomachi
MinamiSomaCity

MinamiSoma – Namie(reopened : 2014.12.6)

MinamiSoma

L=18kmJoban Tomioka – hirono(reopened : 2014.2.22)

L=17km

Namie

Namie
Town

Fukushima
Daiichi NPS

Namie
L=14kmOdaka - Namie(reopened : 2017.4.1)

Momouchi

L=14kmNamie – Joban Tomioka(reopened : 2015.3.1)

Haranomachi - Odaka(reopened : 2016.7.12)

Odaka

Shinchi
Soma

Soma – Minami Soma
(reopened : 2012.4.8)

Iwaki Ota

FutabaTown
OkumaTown
TomiokaTown

Joban Tomioka

FutabaFukushima
Daiichi NPS

Ohno
Tomioka - Tatsuta(reopened : 2017.10.21)

YonomoriTomioka

Tatsuta – Hirono(reopened : 2014.6.1)

HironoNaraha Town
Iwaki Yotsukura
Iwaki Chuo

J Village

J Village
Hirono Town

Namie – Tomioka(Until 2020.3)

Tatsuta
Kido
HironoIn Servicesuspension

71-7. Reconstruction of Fukushima• Many facilities, such as school, medical service, shopping mall, publicfacilities, are opening one after another.
SchoolMedical service
Koji clinic in Tamura City
Reopened 2011.7

Clinics in Katsurao
Reopened 2016.7 and 2017.11
Nursery school, elementary school,Junior High Schoo in Kawauchi
reopened 2014.4

Shopping mall
Sakura mallTomioka2017.3 open

Kokonara mallOpen 2018.6

ODAKA Industrial Technology andCommerce High School in Odaka
New open 2017.4

Sports facility

Public facilities

Event / festival

J-Village (reopen 2018.7) in Naraha(Soccer National training center)

Postal Office in Kawamata town
reopened 2017.11

Soma Nomaoi was resumed(traditional festival with over1000 years of history)8

1-8. Proceeding of Fukushima innovation coast Scheme• Priority areas of Fukushima innovation coast Scheme are decommissioning, robot,energy, and agriculture.
Decommissioning

Robot

Mock-up test facility

Fukushima robot test field

Unmanned
aerial vehiclearea

Developmentbase area

EnergyLarge-scale hydrogen (derived from renewableenergy) production & Demonstration base

Smart city

Under or above
water robot area

Infrastructure
inspection / disaster
response area

Agriculture
Improvement of productivity(Unmanned tractor)

Cultivation oftomatoes at“Wonder Farm”
9Today’s presentation
Introduction
1. Reconstruction of Fukushima
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

Current status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power station
Environmental Monitoring
Progress of Decontamination
Effects of Decontamination in SDA
Progress of lift evacuation orders

1.6 Decontamination and lift of Evacuation Order
1.7 Restoration of infrastructures
1.8 Proceeding of Fukushima innovation coast Scheme

2. R&D for Fukushima Daiichi NPS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

Outline of Governmental Support for R&D
Budgetary measures
Whole structure of R&D in 2019
Recent Examples of R&D
Future Plan for investigation inside PCV

2.6 International collaboration in R&D

10

2-1. Outline of Governmental Support for R&D
 In order to address the unprecedented challenges, the Government supports R&D
projects which has technical difficulties and government needs to lead it.
 Basically, METI covers R&D conducted by IRID and manufacturers, and MEXI covers
basic research and human resource development related to nuclear science conductedby JAEA and universities.
 NDF promotes the sharing of information and coordination on R&D needs and seeds
based on the decommissioning strategy.

Fig. R&D implementation scheme on Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning112-2. Budget measures (1) Initially, METI’s R&D supports focused on emergency measures.
 As the condition in the reactor is unveiled, R&D gradually shifted to fuel debris retrieval
and waste management.

Frozen-soil wallHigh
performance
ALPS

Fuel debris
retrievalwater management

R&D areaContents of projects
Target : suppress the generation of contaminated water by
inflow of ground water. Since FY2013 to September 2018.
（Budget : ￥34.5 billion）➡ Reduced the amount of the contaminated water from490m3/day to 170m3/day, with other countermeasures
like sub-drain system
Target : purify the contaminated water with sufficientpurification capacity and low amount of waste.
➡ Reduced the amount of radioactive waste by more than
80%, and purified all 62 radionuclides (except tritium)
below the regulatory limit.
Target : Understand internal situation of each unit forfuel debris retrieval.
➡ Acquired the useful data such as dose and image
by investigation at all units.

Falling

燃料を取り扱うobject
ハンドルとlooked
like a思われる落下物handle12

2-2. Budget measures (2) In order to facilitate decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi NPS, METI
invested 85 billion yen in JAEA. Mock-up test facility and analysis facility havebeen established.
Naraha mock-up test facility: Remote control machines are demonstrated by combining fullscall test specimens, simulated environments, and virtual reality (since FY 2015)
Full-scale test of PCV repair leakage

Virtual reality simulation

Test in simulated environments

Okuma analysis/research facility: R&D on radioactive waste and characterization of fueldebris for establishment of treatment and disposal measures. Currently, the Facility
Management building was opened in March 2018. No.1 buildings is under construction, andNo.2 buildings is under designing.
Facility management building
Image of facilities（Opened in March, 2018）

No.2 building
Facilitymanagementbuilding

第１棟
No.1 building

13

2-3. Overall structure R&D project in FY2019
 METI focuses its R&D resources on i) internal investigation of PCV, ii) fuel debris
retrieval, and iii) waste disposal while collaborating with engineering by TEPCO
based on NDF’s consultation.
Engineering（machine application / preliminary engineering）andexamination of measures to be taken in future
1. Internal investigation
1-(1) Analysis andEstimation Technologyfor Characterization ofFuel Debris（～FY2020）
1-(2) In-depth
Investigation of PCV
Inside（～FY2019）
1-(3) Investigation
Technology of Inside ofRPV（～FY2019）
1-(4) Sampling
Technologies forRetrieving Fuel Debris
and Internal Structures（～FY2020）

２．Fuel debris retrieval
2-(1) Retrieving Fuel

Debris and InternalStructures（～FY2020）
2-(2) Closed circulation
systems for water
inside PCV（～FY2019）

３．Processing andDisposal of SolidWaste
3 Research andDevelopment ofProcessing andDisposal of SolidWaste（～FY2020）

2-(3) Containing,
Transportation andStorage of Fuel Debris（～FY2020）

National Budget：￥15.3 billion
142-4. Investigation of inside PCV at Unit 3（July, 2017）
Method：Camera shooting by using remote controlled robot swimming in the water
Result： The damage of platform directly below the RPV and partial detachment of the CRD
housing support bracket were found out. In addition, the melted material that seems
to be fuel debris is also found out.
【Method】 Camera shooting【Period】 July 19-22, 2017
CRD(Control rod drive)

X-53
penetration

CRD rail

Opening ofpedestal
Underwaterboat type

Underwater boat type

CRD slot
Platform（Pipe penetration）

X-6
penetration

PCVPedestal

Beneath of CRD housing

グレーチングペデスタル壁面に固形物が付着

Lower center of pedestal

Inside pedestal

Near pedestal wall（Source）Created by METI based on images from TEPCO

15

2-5. Future plan for Investigation（Unit 1：the first half FY2019 - ） Underwater robot will be placed in the outer periphery of the basement floorof PCV, and it will investigate in detail the distribution of deposits outside thepedestal and the fuel debris below it.
 A small amount of surface layer of sediment will be sampled and then it will
be analyzed at facilities in Ibaraki. (Oarai or Tokai facility of JAEA) The structure of inside pedestal may have collapsed and seems to be hard toaccess.
Sediment 3D mapping
RPV
Diameter:25cm
Length: 100cm

Pedestal

Outsidepedestal

Underwater boat robot（for outside pedestal）

Insidepedestal

Outsidepedestal

Investigation root

Scanning ultrasonicdistance meter

Investigation of sediment outside pedestal

Width: 20cm
Length: 45cm
Height: 17.5cm

Underwater boat robot（for inside pedestal）

Expected situation of inside pedestal
16（Unit 3）

2-5. Future plan for Investigation（Unit 2：the latter half FY2019 - ） In addition to understand the distribution of structures and sedimentsin pedestal, a small amount sampling of the sediments in the pedestal
is under consideration.
 As the water level in PCV of Unit 2 is low and X-6 penetration can beused, an arm-type access device is under development considering
improvement in accessibility and increase in handling weight.
X-6 penetration
X-6 penetration joint
Arm enclosure
Arm-type access device (whenhoused)

1st floor grating
CRD railArm-type access device(when deployed)
CRD housing
Pedestal

Platform

Connecting tube

Connecting
structure

PCV

Pedestal opening (ground floor)（IRID)

17

2.6 International collaboration in R&D
Robot arm for internal
investigation of PCV（UK）

JET’s robot arm

Robot arm under development

Container for storing fuel debris（US）

Storage can of TMI-2

Storage can under development

Fuel debris cutting / dust collection
technology（France）

Fuel debris cutting / dust collecting head
under development

Estimation of characteristics ofaging fuel debris（Russia）

Simulated fuel debris for testing18

Thank you for your attention !!
Related links(As of Feb. 2019)

METI website
Decommissioning and Contaminated Water
Management at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi NPS
http://www.meti.go.jp/english/earthquake/nucle
ar/decommissioning/index.html#links

IAEA : 4th review mission final report (Jan 2019)https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-team-completes-fourth-review-of-japansplans-to-decommission-fukushima-daiichi

Film
Fukushima Today 2018 -Efforts to Decommission
and Reconstruction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZV2HRKNvao

Film
Welcome Home, Fukushima
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3ysMPId720

Fukushima Today – 8 years after the Earthquake https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5eO-M0ASkY19