Supplement file 1 Search strategy
Ichushi-Web#1

NDB/AL and (data/TA or information/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))#2(nation/TA or Japan/TA) and (health/TA or insurance/TA or administrative/TA) and claim/TA#3(nation/TA or Japan/TA) and claim/TA and database/TA#4national database/AL or national claims database/AL(claims data/TA or specific health checkups/TA or specific health guidance/TA) and (database/TH or#5

database/AL)#6

Japan Medical Data Center/AL or (Japan/TA and medical/TA and data/TA and center/TA)

#9

62
86
112
325
51

JMDC/AL

#8

451

806

#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5#7

Results

employ/TA and health/TA and insurance/TA

70
5#10 #7 or #8 or #9

116#12 Medical Data Vision/AL or Medical･Data･Vision/AL

74#14 KDB/AL or kokuho database/AL or (Kokuho/TA and database/TA)

73

#15

358

#11 MDV/AL and (data/TA or information/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))18#13 #11 or #12

86

#16

((public health insurance/TH or public health insurance/AL) or health insurance/TA or medical insurance/TAor community insurance/TA) and (database/TH or database/AL)(Kokuho/TA or Shaho/TA or Kempo/TA or Kenpo/TA) and (data/TA orinformation/TA or (database/TH or
database/AL))675#17 #14 or #15 or #16
#18

318

((insurance claim/TH or claim/AL) or health insurance claim/AL or insurance claim/AL or claim/AL or (healthinsurance/TH or health insurance/AL)) and (data/TA or information/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))#19 health/TA and (insurance/TA or administrative/TA) and claim/TA#20 #18 or #19

2,262
46
2,276

#21 (DPC/TA or PDPS/TA or DRG/TA) and (data/TA or information/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))

2,432#22 Diagnosis Procedure Combination/AL or Diagnosis Group/AL or Disease by Diagnosis/AL) and (data/TA or

3,094(Diagnosis Procedure Combination／Per-Diem Payment System/TH or Per-Diem Payment System/AL or
information/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))#23 (diagnos/TA and procedure/TA and combination/TA) or (diagnos/TA and related/TA and groups/TA)

432#24 #21 or #22 or #23

3,576#26 #6 or #10 or #13 or #17 or #20 or #24 or #25

6,403#25 medical/TA and electronic/TA and claim/TA

10#27 (#26) and (PT=Article)

1,609#29 (#26) and (PT=Commentary)

1,598#28 (#26) and (PT=Review)

83#30 (#26) and (PT=Conference Abstract)

3,013※Search was conducted in Japanese (translated into English for submission).
1 NDB.mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

MEDLINE

Results
53

2 (nation$ adj5 insurance adj2 claim?).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

106

4 (JMDC or (employ$ adj2 health adj1 insurance)).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)100

6 4 or 5181

3 1 or 2

131

5 (Japan adj1 medical adj1 data adj1 center).mp. or (Japan adj1 medical adj1 data adj1 center).in.

109

7 (MDV or (medical adj1 data adj1 vision)).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)258

9 7 or 8269

11 ((DPC and database?) or PDPS).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

114

13 (diagno$ adj1 related adj1 groups).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)122

15 diagnosis-related groups.sh. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

116

8 (medical adj1 data adj1 vision).in.

10 (KDB.mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)) or (Kokuho adj1 database?).mp.
12 (diagnos$ adj1 procedure$ adj1 combination).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)
14 (per-diem adj1 payment adj1 system).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

12
10
575
21

16 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15

686

17

822

((medical or health or healthcare or administrative or insurance) adj5 claim?).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or
Japan.in.)

18 (claim? adj1 (data or database)).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

696

19

160

(administrative claims, healthcare or insurance claim reporting or insurance claim review).sh. and (Japan$.mp.
or Japan.in.)

20 (nationwide adj1 database adj5 Japan$).mp.

84

21 17 or 18 or 19 or 201085

22 3 or 6 or 9 or 10 or 16 or 21

#1
#2

1987
EMBASE(ndb OR (nation* NEXT/5 insurance NEXT/2 claim*)) AND japan*(jmdc OR (japan NEXT/1 medical NEXT/1 data NEXT/1 center)) AND japan*

Results
231
304                       

#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9

(employ* NEXT/2 health NEXT/1 insurance) AND japan*#2 OR #3
(mdv:ti,ab,kw OR (medical NEXT/1 data NEXT/1 vision)) AND japan*
kdb AND japan* OR (kokuho NEXT/1 database*)(dpc AND database* OR pdps) AND japan*(diagnos* NEXT/1 procedure* NEXT/1 combination) AND japan*(diagnos* NEXT/1 related NEXT/1 group*) AND japan*

53
350
340
11
277
807
284

#10 'diagnosis related group'/exp AND japan*

255#12 #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11

1154#14 (claim* NEAR/1 (data OR database*)) AND japan*

1258#16 'health insurance'/exp AND claim* AND japan*

661#18 #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17

1860#20 #19 AND ('Article'/it OR 'Article in Press'/it)

2069#22 #19 AND ('letter'/it OR 'note'/it OR 'short survey'/it)32#11 ('per diem' NEXT/1 payment NEXT/1 system) AND japan*30#13 ((medical OR health OR healthcare OR administrative OR insurance) NEXT/5 claim*) AND japan*

1169#15 nationwide NEXT/1 database* NEAR/5 japan*

105#17 'billing and claims'/exp AND japan*

32#19 #1 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #12 OR #18

3238#21 #19 AND 'review'/it113

Supplement file 2 PRISMA-ScR CHECKLISTSECTION

PRISMA-ScR CHECKLIST ITEMREPORTED ON
PAGE #

1

Identify the report as a scoping review.

Title

2

Provide a structured summary that includes (as applicable): background,objectives, eligibility criteria, sources of evidence, charting methods, results, andconclusions that relate to the review questions and objectives.

Abstract

ITEM

TITLE
Title
ABSTRACT
Structured summary
INTRODUCTION
Rationale

3

Objectives

4

Describe the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known.
Explain why the review questions/objectives lend themselves to a scoping review p. 4
approach.
Provide an explicit statement of the questions and objectives being addressedwith reference to their key elements (e.g., population or participants, concepts,
p. 4
and context) or other relevant key elements used to conceptualize the review
questions and/or objectives.

METHODS
Protocol and registration

5

Eligibility criteria

6

Information sources*

7

Search8

Selection of sources ofevidence†

9

Data charting process‡

10

Data items

11

Critical appraisal ofindividual sources ofevidence§

12Synthesis of results

13

Indicate whether a review protocol exists; state if and where it can be accessed(e.g., a Web address); and if available, provide registration information, including NA
the registration number.
Specify characteristics of the sources of evidence used as eligibility criteria (e.g.,
p. 4
years considered, language, and publication status), and provide a rationale.
Describe all information sources in the search (e.g., databases with dates ofcoverage and contact with authors to identify additional sources), as well as thep. 5date the most recent search was executed.
Present the full electronic search strategy for at least 1 database, including any
Supplementary
limits used, such that it could be repeated.
file 1
State the process for selecting sources of evidence (i.e., screening and eligibility)p. 5
included in the scoping review.
Describe the methods of charting data from the included sources of evidence(e.g., calibrated forms or forms that have been tested by the team before theirp. 6use, and whether data charting was done independently or in duplicate) and any
processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators.
List and define all variables for which data were sought and any assumptions andp. 6
simplifications made.
If done, provide a rationale for conducting a critical appraisal of included sourcesof evidence; describe the methods used and how this information was used inNAany data synthesis (if appropriate).
Describe the methods of handling and summarizing the data that were charted.

p. 6

RESULTS
Selection of sources ofevidence
Characteristics of sourcesof evidence
Critical appraisal withinsources of evidence
Results of individual
sources of evidence
Synthesis of results

14
15
16
17
18

Give numbers of sources of evidence screened, assessed for eligibility, andincluded in the review, with reasons for exclusions at each stage, ideally using aflow diagram.
For each source of evidence, present characteristics for which data were charted
and provide the citations.
If done, present data on critical appraisal of included sources of evidence (seeitem 12).
For each included source of evidence, present the relevant data that werecharted that relate to the review questions and objectives.
Summarize and/or present the charting results as they relate to the review
questions and objectives.

p. 6, Figure 1
p. 7, Table 1
NA
Supplementary
file 4
pp. 8-, Table 2
and 3

DISCUSSION
Summarize the main results (including an overview of concepts, themes, andtypes of evidence available), link to the review questions and objectives, andconsider the relevance to key groups.

p. 12

20

Discuss the limitations of the scoping review process.

p. 16

21

Provide a general interpretation of the results with respect to the review questions
p. 17
and objectives, as well as potential implications and/or next steps.

22

Describe sources of funding for the included sources of evidence, as well assources of funding for the scoping review. Describe the role of the funders of thescoping review.

Summary of evidence

19

Limitations
Conclusions
FUNDING
Funding

Title pageSupplement file 3 List of excluded studies with reasons
ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

ReasonNote

Abe 2011

Assessment of psychiatric outcomes in Japan based on diagnostic procedure

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

combination information
Akira 2019

Corrigendum to Treatment procedures and associated medical costs of methicillin-

Others (duplicate/ no original data Correction

resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Japan: A retrospective analysis using a

used)database of Japanese employment-based health insurance
Arakaki 2012

Editorial comment to management trends, angioembolization performance andOthers (duplicate/ no original data Editorial Comment

multiorgan injury indicators of renal trauma from Japanese administrative claims

used)database
Arakawa 2013

Economic evaluation for the prevention of cervical cancer by vaccination - From

Combined with primary research

perspective of health insurance society and industry
Asai 2019

Current Difficult Airway Management-Not Good Enough!

(addition to data from JMDC's
receipt database)

No health insurance claims dataclosed claims

used
Assimos 2012
Babazono 2011

Re: Renal haemorrhage risk after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: results from the

Others (duplicate/ no original data Editorial Comment

Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination databaseused)

Do interventions to prevent lifestyle-related diseases reduce healthcare expenditures? A

Combined with primary research

RCT

randomized controlled clinical trial
Besstremyannaya 2016

Differential Effects of Declining Rates in a Per Diem Payment System

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)Chen 2016

The predictability of eye diseases for Alzheimer's disease

Not Japanese population

TaiwanChen 2020

Letter to the Editor Regarding "Treatment Risk for Elderly Patients with Unruptured

Others (duplicate/ no original data Letter to the Editor

Cerebral Aneurysm from a Nationwide Database in Japan"

used)Characteristics of interstitial lung disease in patients from post-marketing data on

Combined with primary research

Chen 2021

questionnaires and/or interviews

metastatic breast cancer patients who received abemaciclib in Japan
Chida 2014

Implementation and evaluation of an efficient secure computation system using 'R' for

Others (duplicate/ no original data dummy insurance claim data

healthcare statistics

used)

Crawford 2013

Real-world characterization of hypertension patients in japan: A 1-year overview

Others (duplicate/ no original data

Disease 2018

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for(propose a secure statisticalanalysis system)

used)
Using published open data

(Global Burden of Disease Study)

Combined with primary research

Tsurugaya project, a population-

354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic
analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Ebihara 2012

Impact of blunted perception of dyspnea on medical care use and expenditure, andmortality in elderly people

based longitudinal study

Enger 2010

Comorbidities in patients with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia

Not Japanese population

Fujieda 2019

The effects of the medical economics of prescription inquiries made by pharmacy

No health insurance claims data

pharmacists

used

Infectious disease during hospitalization is the major causative factor for prolonged

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

National Saiseikai Hospital DPC

Fujii 2016

prescription inquiries

hospitalization: multivariate analysis of diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) data of
20,876 cases in Japan
Fujii 2019

Impact of Body Mass Index of Japanese Gallbladder Cancer Patients on their
Postoperative Outcomes

Fujita 2019
Fukai 2020

surveySecondhand Smoke and Streptococcal Infection in Young Children Under Japan's

Others (duplicate/ no original data Not available

Voluntary Tobacco-Free Policy

used)

Validation of self-reported medication use for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia

Combined with primary researchamong employees of large-sized companies in Japan
Fukuda 2014
Fukuhara 2015web- or paper-basedquestionnaires

Medical Expenditures Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan: A Large Claims Others (duplicate/ no original data
Database Study

used)

Geographical analysis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Japan utilizing

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Review article

A Conceptual Review

Review article

review study

publically-accessible DPC database
Fukuhara 2016

Prefectural difference in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage incidence in Japan
analyzed with publically accessible diagnosis procedure combination data: possibilities
and limitations

Graham 2020

Artificial intelligence approaches to predicting and detecting cognitive decline in older
adults: A conceptual review

Grosse 2021

Identification of congenital CMV cases in administrative databases and implications formonitoring prevalence, healthcare utilization, and costs

Hamada 2012
Hamamoto 2019
Hamaya 2021

Effects of the per diem prospective payment system with DRG-like grouping system

Others (duplicate/ no original data Thesis(DPC/PDPS) on resource usage and healthcare quality in Japan

used)

Editorial Comment from Dr Hamamoto to Endurological treatment trend of upper urinary

Others (duplicate/ no original data Editorial Comment

urolithiasis in Japan from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Databaseused)Effects of an mHealth App (Kencom) With Integrated Functions for Healthy Lifestyles on

Combined with primary research

Mobile health (mHealth) apps

Not Japanese population

Korean National Health Insurance

Physical Activity Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers: Observational Study of
12,602 Users
Han 2019

Increased risk of psoriasis in subjects with abdominal obesity: A nationwide populationbased study

Hashimoto 2012

Service (NHIS) database

Gains in Disability-Free Life Expectancy From Elimination of Diseases and Injuries in

No health insurance claims data

Comprehensive Survey of Living

Japan

used

Conditions of the People on Health[Expectations of Certified Psychologist in the Clinical Medicine System in Germany for

No health insurance claims data

and Welfare
Hayashi 2017

Future Reference]used

Hayashi 2020

Associations between the injustice experience questionnaire and treatment term in

No health insurance claims data

Hayashida 2013

Situation Analysis of Emergency Department of the Japanese Acute Care Hospitals

Combined with primary research

Hayashida 2021

History and Profile of Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC): Development of a Real

Review article

additional research for emergency
care
Review

Data Collection System for Acute Inpatient Care in Japan
Hern 2015
Higaonna 2019

US hospital payment adjustments for innovative technology lag behind those in Germany, No health insurance claims data

payment systems in US, Germany,

France, and Japan

used

France, and Japan

Effect of the Partnership Nursing Model on In-hospital Mortality in Japan

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)Higaonna 2020

Association between nursing care delivery models and patients' health outcomes in a

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

an academic teaching hospital

Review article

ReviewPrediction of Prognosis of Intermediate-Stage HCC Patients: Validation of the Tumor

No health insurance claims dataa nationwide survey system

Marker Score in a Nationwide Database in Japanused

A review of studies using the Japanese National Database of Health Insurance Claims

Review article

university hospital: A retrospective cohort study based on the Diagnostic Procedure
Combination database
Higashi 2015

Measuring the quality of care using a large clinical database: Lessons learned inoncology

Hiraoka 2019
Hirose 2020

review study

and Specific Health Checkups
Hishida 2016

Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of surgically treated thymic carcinoma: results No health insurance claims dataa nationwide database: Theof 306 cases from a Japanese Nationwide Database Study

used

Japanese Association for Research

Diagnostic consistency and interchangeability of schizophrenic disorders and bipolar

Not Japanese populationof the Thymus(JART)
Hung 2018

Taiwandisorders: A 7-year follow-up study
Ie 2017

Potentially Harmful Medication Use and Decline in Health-Related Quality of Life among Not Japanese population
Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Igarashi 2019

Cost-minimisation model of magnetic resonance-guided focussed ultrasound therapy

Using published open datacompared to unilateral deep brain stimulation for essential tremor treatment in Japan
Iihara 2013

Issues in acute stroke care systems in Japan with a special emphasis on implementation

data from published sources andexpert clinical opinion

Review article

Reviewof comprehensive stroke centers
Ikawa 2020

In Reply to Letter to the Editor Regarding "Treatment Risk for Elderly Patients with

Others (duplicate/ no original data Letter

Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm from a Nationwide Database in Japan"

used)Inagaki 2014

[Metabolic and lithium monitoring in Japanese psychiatric outpatient clinics]

Duplicates

Duplicate (稲垣 2014)

Inoue 2016

[Psychotropic Prescribing Practices for Children and Adolescents with Intellectual

Duplicates

Duplicate (井上 2016)

Disabilities: A Cohort Study Using a Large-scale Health Insurance Database]Inoue 2017

Regional Variation in the Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Japan

Using published open data

DPC summary tables (MHLW)

Inoue 2019

[Factors related to life expectancy in prefectures: An ecological study using the National

No health insurance claims data

Health checkup data

Database]

used

Inoue 2019

Regional variance in patterns of prescriptions for chronic kidney disease in Japan

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Inoue 2021

Regional variation in the use of catheter ablation for patients with arrhythmia in Japan

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Ishii 2012

DRG/PPS and DPC/PDPS as Prospective Payment Systems

Review article

Review

Ishikawa 2016

Medical Big Data for Research Use: Current Status and Related Issues

Review article

Conferences and Lectures

Ishimaru 2019

Domiciliary dental care among homebound older adults: A nested case-control study in

No health insurance claims data

LTC insurance claims database

Japan

used

and the Survey of Medical

Correlation between the number of laparoscopy-qualified gynecologists and theUsing published open dataNDB Open data

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Combined with primary research

the Japan Gerontological

Institutions in Japan
Isobe 2020

proportion of laparoscopic surgeries for benign gynecological diseases in Japan: An
ecological study
Isobe 2020

The number of overall hysterectomies per population with the perimenopausal status isincreasing in Japan: A national representative cohort study

Isumi 2020

Assessment of Additional Medical Costs Among Older Adults in Japan With a History ofChildhood Maltreatment

Itoh 2019

National burden of the pharmaceutical cost of wet compresses and its cost predictors:

Evaluation Study (JAGES)
Using published open dataNDB Open data

Combined with primary research

Niigata Study (a prospective

nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan
Iwasaki 2017

Association between tooth loss and medical costs related to stroke in healthy older
adults aged over 75 years in Japan

Jamotte 2014

community-based study)

Treatment Patterns and Health Care Costs in Patients with Schizophrenia Initiating with

Others (duplicate/ no original data

First- or Second-Generation Antipsychotic: Results from a Japanese Claims Database

used)Analysis
Jamotte 2014

Treatment Patterns and Health Care Costs in Patients with Depression Treated with

Others (duplicate/ no original data

Antidepressant only or Combined with Benzodiazepine: Results From a Japanese Claims

used)Database Analysis
Jingushi 2021

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound is frequently used to treat fractures after osteosynthesis Using published open dataNDB Open data

in elderly patients: A study using open data from the national database of healthinsurance claims of Japan
Kamata 2018

Wide difference in biologics usage and expenditure for the treatment of patients with

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Using published open dataNDB Open datarheumatoid arthritis in each prefecture in Japan analyzed using "National Database of
Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan"
Kamata 2019

Status quo of osteoporosis treatment in Japan disclosed by the National Database of
Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups: too late in treatment initiationand too few in treated patients?

Kamijo 2014

Cost information of chemotherapy for cervical and endometrial cancer in Japan

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

a specialized cancer hospital

Kaneko 2020

Medical and Dental Visits of Chronic Kidney Disease-Diagnosed Participants Analyzed

Combined with primary researchquestionnaire (TAMA MED Project-

From the Specific Health Checkups Results in Japan: TAMA MED Project-CKD
Kanzaki 2020

Improvement of diagnostic accuracy of Parkinson's disease on I-123-ioflupane single

CKD)
No health insurance claims data

Japanese normal database (NDB)

photon emission computed tomography (123I FP-CIT SPECT) using new Japanese normal used
database
Karimian 2020

A commentary on the article: Comparison of outcomes after differentiated thyroid cancer Others (duplicate/ no original data Invited Commentary
surgery performed with and without energy devices: A population-based cohort study

used)using a nationwide database in Japan, Int. J. Surg. 2020 Apr 9, doi:
10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.072, pii: S1743-9191(20)30286-7
Kashiwagi 2013

Factors associated with the use of home-visit nursing services covered by the long-term

No health insurance claims datacare insurance in rural Japan: a cross-sectional study

usedKatano 2018

Trends in isolated meniscus repair and meniscectomy in Japan, 2011-2016

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Katano 2020

Trends in arthroplasty in Japan by a complete survey, 2014-2017

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Kataoka 2019

Scholarly Activity Support Systems in Internal Medicine Residency Programs: A National

Combined with primary research

web questionnaire

Representative Survey in Japan
Kato 2016

Consequences of an Early PSA Response to Enzalutamide Treatment for JapaneseNo health insurance claims data

Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

usedlong-term care insuranceKato 2017

Comparative economic evaluation of home-based and hospital-based palliative care for

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

terminal cancer patients

Nikko Memorial Hospital and
Motowanishi Family Clinic in
Muroran city, Hokkaido, Japan

Kato 2017

History of the secondary use of national database of health insurance claims and specific Review article

Review

health checkups of Japan(NDB)
Kawahara 2020

A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a poor prognostic factor for castration-resistant

No health insurance claims data

prostate cancer patients who undergo abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide treatment

used

Kimura 2011

Pharmacovigilance systems and databases in Korea, Japan, and Taiwan

Review article

Review

Kimura 2020

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases risk associated with the incidence ofCombined with primary research

self-administered questionnaire

presenteeism and the costs of presenteeism

about presenteeism andabsenteeism

Kinosada 2016

[Utilization of Big Data in Medicine and Future Outlook]

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Kinoshita 2014

A Retrospective, Hospital-Based Study to Determine the Incidence of Rotavirus

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

a tertiary care hospital

Hospitalizations among Children Less than 5 Years of Age over a 10-Year Period(20012011) in Akita Prefecture, Japan
Kinoshita 2021

Cost-effectiveness of a hybrid emergency room system for severe trauma: a healthtechnology assessment from the perspective of the third-party payer in Japan

Kobayashi 2020

Sequential Use of Androgen Receptor Axis-targeted Agents in Chemotherapy-naive

No health insurance claims data

Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis With 3-Year

used

Follow-up
Kodama 2019

Construction of a Heart Failure Database Collating Administrative Claims Data andHospital-based (<10 institutes)

3 hospitals

Electronic Medical Record Data to Evaluate Risk Factors for In-Hospital Death andProlonged Hospitalization
Kohsaka 2021

Current trends in diabetes mellitus database research in Japan

Review article

Review

Kon 2018

Association between renal function and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the

No health insurance claims data

Specific Health Check andcommunity-based elderly population: results from the Specific Health Check andused

Guidance Program

Combined with primary research

Watari study (a community-based

Guidance Program in Japan
Konno 2015

Moderately increased albuminuria is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular eventsin the general Japanese population under 75 years of age: the Watari study

Konta 2020

prospective cohort study)

Association between serum uric acid levels and mortality: a nationwide community-based No health insurance claims data

Specific Health Checkup

cohort study

usedKoram 2019

Validation studies of claims data in the Asia-Pacific region: A comprehensive review

Review article

review study

Koyama 2017

Patterns of CT use in Japan, 2014: A nationwide cross-sectional study

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Koyama 2018

Trends in the medication reviews of community pharmacies in Japan: a nationwide

Using published open data

Survey of medical care activities inretrospective study

public health insurance (MHLW)

Kubo 2011[Practical use of DPC information for occupational health consultation]

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Kumamaru 2018

Global and Japanese regional variations in radiologist potential workload for computed

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Using published open dataNDB Open data

tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations
Kuniyoshi 2021

Regional variation in the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and relation withsunshine duration in Japan: an ecological study

Kurasawa 2020

Pneumonia prevention effects of perioperative oral management in approximately 25,000 Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

eight regional central hospitals

patients following cancer surgery
Kurita 2017
Kurita 2018

A phase I/II trial of intrabone marrow cord blood transplantation and comparison of the

No health insurance claims dataa phase I/II prospective single-

hematological recovery with the Japanese nationwide databaseusedcenter trial

Association among(Nursery) School Absenteeism Surveillance System and Incidence ofUsing published open data

used published NDB data

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)Infectious Diseases
Kuriyama 2014

[Analysis of cancer treatment in Iwate Prefecture - an analysis of health care regions
based on MHLW DPC data]

Kuroiwa 2010

[Economical basis for neurologic services and the system for health insurance: diagnosis Review article

Symposium Review

procedure combinations and insurance scores of neurophysiological tests]
Kurosaki 2020

[Medical expenses for diabetes care in Japan: Analysis of inter-prefecture differences]

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Kusama 2020

Obstacles to antimicrobial use surveillance using claims data in elderly care facilities in

Review article

Review

Behavior modification stages of attendance at specific health check-ups and relevant

No health insurance claims data

self-administered questionnaireknowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in one municipal insurance representation

used

Lai 2015

Databases in the Asia-pacific region: The potential for a distributed network approach

Review article

Lin 2017

Survival analysis of increases in care needs associated with dementia and living alone

No health insurance claims data

among older long-term care service users in Japanused

Use of benzodiazepines, hypnotics, and anxiolytics in major depressive disorder:

Not Japanese population

Japan
Kuwabara 2016

characteristics of databases in
Asian-pacific countries

Liu 2010

LTC insurance claims dataset
US

Association with chronic pain diseases
Liu 2021

Effect of Care Rehabilitation on Medical Expenses, Care Costs, and Total Costs of Elderly Others (duplicate/ no original data Not available
Individuals with Parkinson's Disease

Lkhagva 2013

used)

Does co-payment rate influence the relationship between monthly salary and health care Using published open data

National Federation of Healthservice demand among the insured of health insurance societies in Japan?

Insurance Societies; Annual Report

Matsuda 2016

Hospitals and Big Data: Use of Case Mix and E-claim Data in Japan

Review article

Review

Matsuda 2016

Development of Case Mix Based Evaluation System in Japan

Review article

Review

Matsuda 2019

Health Policy in Japan - Current Situation and Future Challenges

Review article

Review

Matsumoto 2013

DPC in acute-phase inpatient hospital care. Visualization of amount of nursing care

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

a university hospital

Combined with primary research

Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort

provided and accessibility to nursing care
Matsumoto 2020

Validity Assessment of Self-reported Medication Use for Hypertension, Diabetes, andDyslipidemia in a Pharmacoepidemiologic Study by Comparison With Health Insurance

Study

ClaimsMatsutani 2018

Pregabalin as an analgesic option for patients undergoing thoracotomy: cost analysis of

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Teikyo University Hospital (RCT)Using published open dataNDB Open datapregabalin versus epidural analgesia for post-thoracotomy pain relief
Mihara 2020

Factors correlated with drug use for constipation: perspectives from the 2016 open
Japanese National Database

Milea 2015

A review of accessibility of administrative healthcare databases in the Asia-Pacific region Review article

review study

Mitsutake 2021
Miyamoto 2017

Influence of co-existing social isolation and homebound status on medical care utilization Combined with primary research(+Postal surveys on socialand expenditure among older adults in Japan

isolation and homebound status)

Integration of DPC and clinical microbiological data in Japan reveals importance of

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Kurume University Hospital

Duplicates

Duplicate (Miyamoto 2020)

confirming a negative follow-up blood culture in patients with MRSA bacteremia
Miyamoto 2021

Effect of tranexamic acid in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding: A nationwide
inpatient database study

Miyazaki 2021

Correction to: Real-World Prescription Pattern and Healthcare Cost Among Patients with Others (duplicate/ no original data Correction
Ulcerative Colitis in Japan: A Retrospective Claims Data Analysis

used)Surgical management of recurrent thymic epithelial tumors: a retrospective analysis

No health insurance claims data

nationwide registry study of thymic

based on the Japanese nationwide databaseusedepithelial tumors

Momo 2021

Development and application for drug-safety and efficacy using a large claims data

Review article

Symposium Review

Mori 2019

Correction to: Estimated expenditures for hip fractures using merged healthcare

Others (duplicate/ no original data Correction

insurance data for individuals aged >= 75 years and long-term care insurance claims

used)

Mizuno 2015

data in Japan
Mori 2019

Influence of seasonal changes on disease activity and distribution of affected joints in

No health insurance claims datarheumatoid arthritis

useda nationwide RA databaseMori 2020

The Impact of Diabetes Status on Presenteeism in Japan

Combined with primary researchquestionnaire survey

Morii 2019

Projecting future supply and demand for physical therapists in Japan using system

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

dynamics
Morimae 2012

Cost disparity between open repair and endovascular aneurysm repair for abdominal
aortic aneurysm: a single-institute experience in Japan

Morishima 2013

Burden of household environmental tobacco smoke on medical expenditure for Japanese Combined with primary research

Ohsaki Cohort Study

women: a population-based cohort study
Morishima 2019

Impact of Comorbidities on Survival in Gastric, Colorectal, and Lung Cancer Patients

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

at the five subject hospitals

Morita 2018

Factors Affecting Discharge to Home of Geriatric Intermediate Care Facility Residents in

No health insurance claims data

National LTC Insurance Claim

Japan

used

Database

Authors' Reply to Cerejeira: "Association of Early Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy with

Others (duplicate/ no original data Authors’ Reply

Mortality in Patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A

used)

Morita 2019

Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Nationwide Claims Database"
Mukai 2020

Trends Associated with Hemorrhoids in Japan: Data Mining of Medical Information

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Using published open data

opened results of first research

Datasets and the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health
Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open Data Japan
Murakami 2015

Ecological Analysis of Factors Associated with Mortality of Cerebral Infarction in Japan

attempt to apply the NDB for
planning of RHCP
Murata 2012

[Preoperative antimicrobial therapy for patients with cholecystectomy for acute

Duplicates

Duplicate (村田2012）cholecystitis based on the administrative database associated with the Diagnosis
Procedure Combination system]
Murata 2014

Claims Database Analysis Of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C In Japan

Murata 2015

Circumstance of endoscopic and laparoscopic treatments for gastric cancer in Japan: A

Others (duplicate/ no original data
used)
Review article

A review

Combined with primary research

genetic screening

review of epidemiological studies using a national administrative databaseMushiroda 2018

Association of HLA-A*31:01 Screening With the Incidence of Carbamazepine-Induced
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions in a Japanese Population

Nagai 2020

Data resource profile: JMDC claims databases sourced from Medical Institutions

Review article

Data resource profile

Nagakura 2021

The Significant Association between Health Examination Results and Population Health:No health insurance claims data

Health Checkup Database

A Cross-Sectional Ecological Study Using a Nation-Wide Health Checkup Database in

used

Japan
Nagata 2018

Total Health-Related Costs Due to Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and Medical andCombined with primary research

self-administered questionnaire

Pharmaceutical Expenses in Japanese Employers
Nagata 2020

Work functioning impairment in the course of pharmacotherapy treatment for depression Combined with primary researchusing a questionnaire

Nakagawa 2011

A new accounting system for financial balance based on personnel cost after the

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Surgical risk model for acute diffuse peritonitis based on a Japanese nationwide

No health insurance claims data

National Clinical Databasedatabase: an initial report on the surgical and 30-day mortality

used

Erratum to: Surgical risk model for acute diffuse peritonitis based on a Japanese

Others (duplicate/ no original data NCD, erratum

nationwide database: an initial report on the surgical and 30-day mortality

used)

Response to flutamide, as second-line therapy after bicalutamide, predicts efficacy ofNo health insurance claims dataabiraterone, not that of enzalutamide

used[Examination of the Difference in Medical Treatment Contents According to Major

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

introduction of a DPC/DRG system
Nakagoe 2015
Nakagoe 2015
Nakai 2018
Nakajima 2015

at Nara Medical University Hospital

Diagnostic Category of Hospital Group I and Group II Using the Diagnosis Procedure
Combination Survey Data]
Nakajima 2015

Examination of diagnosis procedure combination survey data that influence function
evaluation coefficient II

Nakajima 2016

Type Classification Based on Inpatient Ratio According to Major Diagnosis Category ofGroup III in the Diagnosis Procedure Combination System

Nakajima 2017

Examination of Factors that Influence the Operation Income and Expenditure Balance
Difference Rate of 20 Educational Foundation Universities

Nakakita 2021

Standard table direct anterior approach within an early discharge protocol for cementless Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

total hip arthroplasty: experience from a Japanese hospital
Nakamura 2016

Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database Would Develop Nationwide Clinical

Review article

Review

Trends and outcomes of blunt renal trauma management: a nationwide cohort study in

No health insurance claims data

the Japan Trauma Data Bank

Japan

used

(JTDB)

Research in Japan
Nakao 2020
Nakashima 2021
Nakayama 2012

Impact of Enteral Nutrition Within 24 Hours Versus Between 24 and 48 Hours in Patients No health insurance claims data
With Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

used[Approaching the "evidence-practice gap" in pharmaceutical risk management: analysis

Review articleof healthcare claim data]a multi-center cohort study
ReviewNakayama 2017

Analysis of the evidence-practice gap to facilitate proper medical care for the elderly:

Others (duplicate/ no original data study protocol

investigation, using databases, of utilization measures for National Database of Healthused)

Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB)
Nishi 2016

Effects of Eating Fast and Eating Before Bedtime on the Development of Nonalcoholic

Others (duplicate/ no original data Not available

Fatty Liver Disease

used)

Nishi 2020

Regional variance in the use of urine dipstick test for outpatients in Japan

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Nishigori 2015

[Review of the health technology assessment on surgeries in Japan]

Review article

Review

Nishikawa 2021

Prognostic Effect of Incidental Pulmonary Embolism on Long-Term Mortality in Cancer

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Review article

Review

Review article

Review

Patients
Nishimura 2015

Big data visualization of acute stroke care practices using a nationwide neurosurgeon
surveyNishimura 2016

Status and Future Perspectives of Utilizing Big Data in Neurosurgical and Stroke
Research

Nishimura 2020

Role of comprehensive stroke centers in stroke care

Review article

Review

Niu 2012

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a predictor of high medical-care expenditures in a

Combined with primary research

Tsurugaya project, a population-community-based elderly population aged 70 years and over: The Tsurugaya projectNoguchi 2020

Japan Trial in High-Risk Individuals to Enhance Their Referral to Physicians (J-HARP)-A

based longitudinal study
Combined with primary research

Nurse-Led, Community-Based Prevention Program of Lifestyle-Related Disease
Nonaka 2018

Incidence of aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization in Japanese hospitalized cases

a clustered randomized controlled
trial

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Saga University Hospital

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Saga University Hospital

did not increase whereas concern factors were exacerbated in a time-dependent
manner: analysis of Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) data
Nonaka 2018

A Cost-benefit Analysis of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery
Bypass Grafting using Reimbursement Data of Japan: A Single-center Pilot Study

Nordstrom 2020

Incidence of venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women prescribed

Not Japanese population

ospemifene, selective estrogen receptor modulators for noncancer indications, or
untreated vulvar and vaginal atrophy
Obara 2021

[Study on the Safety of Perinatal Medication]

Review article

Review

Obata 2020

The clinical usage of liposomal amphotericin B in patients receiving renal replacement

Duplicates

Duplicate (Obata 2021)

therapy in Japan: a nationwide observational study
Okada 2021

Big data and real-world data-based medicine in the management of hypertension

Review article

Review

Okamoto 2010

Declining accuracy in disease classification on health insurance claims: should weUsing published open data

National Health Insurance Medical

reconsider classification by principal diagnosis?
Okamoto 2013
Okamoto 2014

Benefit Survey (NHIMBS)

Qualitative evaluation of the supporting system for diagnosis procedure combination

No health insurance claims datacode selectionusedQualitative Evaluation

Linkage rate between data from health checks and health insurance claims in the Japan

Using published open data

Four publicly available datasets

Combined with primary researcha questionnaire survey

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Duplicates

Duplicate (奥村 2014)

Using published open data

Survey of Medical Care Activities in

National Database
Okawara 2020

Association between the course of hypnotics treatment for insomnia and work
functioning impairment in Japanese workers

Okui 2021

An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Prevalence and Consultation Rate for Dyslipidemia inJapanOkumura 2014

[Trends of psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents in Japan datafrom the national insurance claims database between 2002 and 2010]

Okumura 2015

Trends in use of psychotropic medications among patients treated with cholinesterase
inhibitors in Japan from 2002 to 2010

Ono 2019

Impact of care coordination on oral anticoagulant therapy among patients with atrial

Public Health Insurance
Combined with primary research

fibrillation in routine clinical practice in Japan: a prospective, observational study

a multi-center, single-arm,
prospective cohort study

Onoue 2018

Trends in Polypharmacy in Japan: A Nationwide Retrospective Study

Using published open dataOtaki 2017

Analysis of Closed Claims in the Clinical Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in JapanNo health insurance claims data

Survey of Medical Care Activities in
Public Health Insurance
Closed claims

usedOtsuki 2021
Ozaki 2019

Characteristics and Burden of Diagnostic Error-Related Malpractice Claims in

No health insurance claims data

Neurosurgery

usedQuality of primary care provided in community clinics in JapanNo health insurance claims data

malpractice claims database
medical chart review

used
Ryu 2011

The benchmark analysis of gastric, colorectal and rectal cancer pathways: toward

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

five participating cancer centers

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-centerestablishing standardized clinical pathway in the cancer care
Sado 2016

Socio-environmental factors associated with diabetes mellitus among patients
hospitalized with schizophrenia in Japan

Saito 2010

Copayment level and drug switching: Findings for type 2 diabetes

Not Japanese population

Saito 2011

Hospice care and survival among elderly patients with lung cancer

Not Japanese population

Sakai 2013

[DPC data based situation analysis of Regional Core Hospital: an application of the GIS

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Methodology for Regional Health Care Plans]
Sakai 2013

[Evaluation of the application of the clinical pathway using Diagnosis Procedure
Combination (DPC) data]

Sakamoto 2019
Sakata 2020

Editorial Comment from Dr Sakamoto to Endurological treatment trend of upper urinary

Others (duplicate/ no original data Editorial comment

urolithiasis in Japan from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Databaseused)

A Study on the Status of Proton Pump Inhibitor Prescriptions Using Diagnosis Procedure

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Review article

review study

Combined with primary researchquestionnaire survey

Significance of estimated glomerular filtration rate in predicting brain or heart attacks in

No health insurance claims data

Specific Health Checkup databaseobese and non-obese populations

used

Association between periodontitis and medical expenditure in older adults: A 33-month

Combined with primary research

Combination Data in Japan
Saokaew 2015

Healthcare databases in Thailand and Japan: Potential sources for health technology
assessment research

Sasaki 2019

Does hospital information technology infrastructure promote the implementation ofclinical practice guidelines? A multicentre observational study of Japanese hospitals

Sato 2015
Sato 2016

follow-up study
Sato 2018

Estimation of total prescription weights of active pharmaceutical ingredients in human
medicines based on a public database for environmental risk assessment in Japan

Niigata Study (a prospective
community-based study)

Using published open dataNDB Open dataSato 2019

Novel Analytics Framework for Universal Healthcare Insurance Database

Using published open data

Sato 2019

Novel Analytics Framework for Universal Healthcare Insurance Claims Database

No health insurance claims data

based on the results of previous
analyses
Case Study

used
Sato 2021

Disproportionality by sex in the prescription of drugs capable of inducing parkinsonism

Using published open dataNDB Open data

for the elderly: A survey using statistics of Japanese national health claims from 2014 to2017
Sekimoto 2010

Risk-adjusted assessment of incidence and quantity of blood use in acute-care hospitals Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

two hospitals

in Japan: an analysis using administrative data
Shibahashi 2021
Shibata 2019

Derivation and validation of a quantitative screening model for blunt cerebrovascular

No health insurance claims data

injuryused

Japan Trauma database

Correction to: Influenza vaccination effectiveness for people aged under 65 years in

Others (duplicate/ no original data Correction

Japan, 2013/ 2014 season: application of a doubly robust method to a large-scale, real-used)world dataset
Shida 2010

[Image examination of malignant tumors in lungs observed on the basis of cost analysis

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Combined with primary research

surveying the actual condition ofusing diagnosis procedure combination data]
Shikamura 2012

[Medical economics research on awareness of community pharmacists about raising
pharmaceutical questions regarding prescriptions issued by physicians]

Shimazaki 2020
Shiratori 2021

pharmaceutical inquiries

Association between dental consultation and oral health status among male Japanese

Others (duplicate/ no original data a company

employees

used)

Association between the chronic use of gastric acid suppressants and high-risk colorectal Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

nine high-volume hospitals

polyps
Shiroiwa 2014

Treatment Costs for Breast Cancer in Japan: Large Claim Database Analysis

Shiroiwa 2017

Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of S-1 therapy for first-line metastatic

Others (duplicate/ no original data Abstract
used)
Combined with primary researchbreast cancer treatment in Japan: results from the randomized phase III SELECT BC trial(expected cost was calculatedusing patient-level claim data)

Shoji 2011

Assessing a Clinical Pathway to Improve the Quality of Care in Pulmonary Resections

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Sugawara 2020

Association of moderately abnormal behavior and administered neuraminidase inhibitors Using published open dataNDB Open data

Sugihara 2019

Regional clinical practice variation in urology: Usage example of the Open Data of theNDB Open data

Using published open data

single-center

National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Sugisaki 2018

Correction to: A case-control study of the risk of upper gastrointestinal mucosal injuries

Others (duplicate/ no original data correction

in patients prescribed concurrent NSAIDs and antithrombotic drugs based on data fromused)

the Japanese national claims database of 13 million accumulated patientsSuzuki 2010

Auto-selection of DRG codes from discharge summaries by text mining in several

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

three Hospitals

hospitals: analysis of difference of discharge summaries
Takaku 2017
Takatori 2019

Do benefits in kind or refunds affect health service utilization and health outcomes? A

No health insurance claims data

natural experiment from Japan

used

Impaired activity of daily living is a risk factor for high medical cost in patients of non-Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-centervariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Takayama 2017

A Cost-Utility Analysis of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital

Takeda 2017

The current situation and issues of the secondary use of electronic medical record data

No health insurance claims data

electronic medical record data

used
Takeda 2020
Takeuchi 2014
Takeuchi 2017
Takeuchi 2018

Correction to: Prophylactic sivelestat for esophagectomy and in-hospital mortality: aOthers (duplicate/ no original data Correction

propensity score-matched analysis of claims databaseused)

A risk model for esophagectomy using data of 5354 patients included in a JapaneseNo health insurance claims data

nationwide web-based databaseusedComparison of Short-Term Outcomes Between Open and Minimally Invasive

No health insurance claims data

Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer Using a Nationwide Database in Japan

used

Association between Hemoglobin and Hemoglobin A1c: A Data-Driven Analysis of Health No health insurance claims data

National Clinical Database (NCD)
NCD
Health Checkup Data

Checkup Data in Japan

used

Takura 2010

[Study on medical economic evaluation methods for metastatic brain tumors therapy]

Combined with primary research

QOL assessment (EQ-5D, SF-36)

Takura 2019

Health Economics - Effect of Electronic Medical Record Systems on Cardiovascular

Combined with primary researchElectronic Medical Record Systems

Trends in Hip Fracture Incidence in Japan: Estimates Based on Nationwide Hip Fracture

No health insurance claims data

Nationwide Hip Fracture Surveys

Surveys From 1992 to 2017

used

The evaluation of the economic burden caused by delay in the diagnosis and treatment

Others (duplicate/ no original data Chinese

for patients with diabetes mellitus based on Japanese medical big data

used)

Visualization Model for Medical Care Processes by Utilizing Japanese Case-mix

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital

Using published open data

The AMR Clinical Reference Centre

Disease Outpatient Consultation Time
Takusari 2021
Tang 2019
Tasaki 2012

Classification and its Application to the Variance Analysis of Clinical Pathway
Terahara 2019

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem use in Japan: an
ecological studyof National Centre for Global
Health and Medicine

Tochitani 2020

Longitudinal association between mental health and future antibiotic prescriptions in

Combined with primary researchprospective cohort study

Cognitive error as the most frequent contributory factor in cases of medical injury: a

No health insurance claims dataclosed claims

study on verdict's judgment among closed claims in Japanused

Toyoda 2015

Visualization-based medical expenditure analysis support system

Others (duplicate/ no original data Not available

Toyoshima 2018

Workers' sleep condition and related disorders in Japan: an analysis based on health

Others (duplicate/ no original data among workers in a company

insurance claim data and questionnaire

used)Tsuchiya 2014

[Information technology for ensuring drug safety]

Review article

Symposium Review

Tsuda 2017

Effect on Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy against gastric cancer in Japan

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Tsuji 2015

How to Measure the Long-term Effect of e-Health: Application of DID-PSM

Combined with primary research

National Health Insurance + mailTsukada 2016

Patterns of prescribing radiotherapy and bevacizumab in nationwide practice - analysis

Duplicates

healthy adults: Results from the LOHASTokuda 2011used)

surveyof 101 designated cancer care hospitals in Japan

duplicate (Tsukada 2016)

Tsukamoto 2016

Have Case Loads of Radical Surgery for Prostate Cancer Been Concentrated in Hospitals Combined with primary researchquestionnaire survey

with Robotic Equipment ?--Analyses with Questionnaire Survey and Diagnostic
Procedure Combination (DPC) Data
Tsutsumi 2020

Correction to: Impact of oral voriconazole during chemotherapy for acute myeloid

Others (duplicate/ no original data Correction

leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: a Japanese nationwide retrospective cohort

used)

study
Uchimoto 2019

Prognostic impact of C-reactive protein-albumin ratio for the lethality in castration-

No health insurance claims data

resistant prostate cancer

usedcollected clinical records

Uenishi 2010

[Nutrition and bone health. Food for specified health use (FOSHU) and bone health]

Others (duplicate/ no original data different theme

Usuki 2020

Retraction statement: National database study on the use of long-acting antipsychotic

Others (duplicate/ no original data Retraction

injections and hospital readmission proportions in patients with schizophrenia in Japan

used)

National database study on the use of long-acting antipsychotic injections and hospital

Others (duplicate/ no original data Retraction

readmission proportions in patients with schizophrenia in Japan

used)[Economical analysis in diagnosis procedure combination for disseminated intravascular

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC hospitals (disk: MHLW)

used)

Usuki 2020
Wada 2011

coagulation]
Wang 2010

Impact of the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination-based payment system inJapan

Watanabe 2019Japanese Case of Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer Harboring a SPOP Mutation

Others (duplicate/ no original data Case Report

With Scattered Allelic Imbalance: Response to Platinum-Based Therapy

used)Effect of surgical margin width after R0 resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A

No health insurance claims data

The Nationwide Follow-up Survey

nationwide survey of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan

usedof Primary Liver Cancer

Surgical Outcomes of Patients With Stage III Thymoma in the Japanese Nationwide

No health insurance claims dataa nationwide study on thymoma

Database

used(JART)

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with medical complexity in Tottori

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

three hospitals

Flutamide as an Alternative Anti-androgen Agent and Predictor of the Efficacy of Novel

No health insurance claims data

medical records

Androgen Receptor-targeted AgentsusedYamamoto 2014

[Privacy and public benefit in using large scale health databases]

Review article

Symposium Review

Yamamoto 2016

Large-scale Health Information Database and Privacy Protection

Review article

Conferences and Lectures

Yamamoto 2018

Perforation and Postoperative Bleeding Associated with Endoscopic Submucosal

No health insurance claims data

Saga Medical School and Saga-ken

Dissection in Colorectal Tumors: An Analysis of 398 Lesions Treated in Saga, Japan

used

Medical Centre Koseikan

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is associated with

No health insurance claims data

Japan Trauma Data Bank

improved survival in severely injured patients: A propensity score matching analysis

used

Yamanaka 2020

[Using Real World Data in Cancer Clinical Studies]

Review article

Review

Yamashita 2017

Comparison of the length of stay in patients hospitalized and initiated with dabigatran orDuplicates

Duplicate (山下2017)

No health insurance claims dataa nationwide registry of patients

Watanabe 2020
Yamada 2015
Yamada 2020

Prefecture, Japan: A population-based longitudinal study
Yamaguchi 2019

Yamamoto 2019

warfarin for a concomitant non-valvular atrial fibrillation in real-world Japanese
therapeutic practice (SHORT-J)
Yamauchi 2019

Yanai 2016
Yang 2011

Evaluation of neurofibromatosis type 1 progression using a nationwide registry ofpatients who submitted claims for medical expense subsidies in Japan between 2008 and used

who submitted claims to receive

2012

medical expense subsidies

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in a patient with castration-

No health insurance claims data

resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide

usedImpact of physical activity and performance on medical care costs among the JapaneseCombined with primary researchelderly
Yano 2012letter to the editor
with a self-administeredquestionnaire

Association between prehypertension and chronic kidney disease in the JapaneseNo health insurance claims data

general population

useda nationwide Japanese database

Yasunaga 2010

Clinical features of bowel anisakiasis in Japan

Duplicates

Duplicate (Yasunaga 2010)

Yasunaga 2014

[Application of the diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) data to clinical studies]

Review article

Review

Yoshida 2010

Health insurance and payment systems for severe acute pancreatitis

Review article

Guidelines

Yoshimura 2018

Survey of anticonvulsant drugs and lithium prescription in women of childbearing age in

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Comparison of public and private care management agencies under public long-term

No health insurance claims data

Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI)

care insurance in Japan: a cross-sectional study

usedRisk of alcohol consumption in bladder cancer: Case-control study from a nationwide

No health insurance claims dataa nationwide inpatient clinicalinpatient database in japan

useddatabase

An international investigation into AB plasma administration in hospitals: how many AB

No health insurance claims data

plasma units were infused? The HABSWIN study

usedJapan using a public national insurance claims database
Yoshioka 2010
Zaitsu 2016
Zeller 2018
Abe 2014[Evaluation of DPC classification by Decision tree method : Analysis and discussion about Hospital-based (<10 institutes)
pneumonia]

Inoue 2019
Inoue 2019
Uryu 2012[Factors related to life expectancy in prefectures: An ecological study using the National

No health insurance claims data

Database]

used[The Factors of Disparity Related to the Life Expectancy among Prefectures : an Analysis No health insurance claims data

Health Checkup Database

Using the National Data Base : Ecological Study]used[Changes in medical treatment fees for pneumococcal pneumonia in our hospital before

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center[Economical Optimization of the Inpatient's Visit to Dermatology Department : Simulation Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-centerand after
Endo 2012

Health Checkup Database

the introduction of DPC]

Study]
Okumura 2014

[Trends of psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents in Japan data

Using published open datafrom the national insurance claims database between 2002 and 2010]

Statistics of Medical Care Activitiesin Public Health InsuranceOka 2016[Practical use of the data in a patient ward change of function]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Okamoto 2013

[Do the prices of DPC (diagnosis-procedure-combination) hospitals reflect their quality

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

4 hospitalsof care? : The relationship between the price levels and the quality of care as measured
by case-mix-adjusted in-hospital mortality]
Okamoto 2014

[Estimation of per-case hospitalization charges from Diagnosis-Procedure-Combination(DPC) data and an international comparison of hospital prices]

Onda 2010[BENCHMARK FOR THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA AT DPCHOSPITALS
FOCUSING ON THE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS]

Kato 2020

[Efforts to achieve proper use of sleeping pills using the sleeping pill formula/NDB open

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center[Economic Benefits and Problems concerning the Introduction of Generic Drugs in a

No health insurance claims data

questionnaire survey

Hospital with a DPC System]

used

Kawai 2014

[Effort for regional medical analysis using DPC data and Quantum GIS (QGIS)]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Kono 2018[Hospital Mortality of Spinal Infection：Results from Japanese Nationwide Diagnosis

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

database]*
Kawai 2011

Procedure Combination Database]Toyama 2014

[C2-4 Changing in Activities of Daily Living in the Hospital Stay]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

5 hospitals

Gamazawa 2013

[Utilization of out-of-hospital prescriptions for remote areas during disasters Examples

No health insurance claims data

Surveyfrom the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake]used[Survey of Dementia Drugs and PIM and Multi-Drug Combinations Using NDB Open

Using published open data

Iwata 2021

NDB Open data

Data]*
Yoshinaga 2013

[An approach for improving clinical process using Hospital lnformation System(HIS) data] Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Yoshimi 2018

[Comparison of prefectures using items related to smoking and quitting smoking in the

Using published open dataNDB Open data

2nd NDB Open Data]*
Kubo 2018[DPC system for treatment of facial nerve palsy]

Using published open data

DPC summary tables (MHLW)

Miyamoto 2010

[Influence on the outcome of the DPC cords by comparing Nissay Hospital with other

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

5 hospitals
DPC data (MHLW)

medical institutions to which ICD10 cords and K-cords are applied]
Miyamoto 2013

[Strengths of our hospital by MDC analysis using DPC public data]*

Using published open data

Kuchiki 2010

[Problems of DPC in stroke care]*Using published open data

Kuchiki 2011

[Improvement of DPC in the Stroke Medical Care]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)"our treatment options"

Kaneko 2018

[Factors affecting profit/loss at national university hospitals]

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Kinjo 2010

[Attempts at marketing using the impact assessment survey data of the introduction ofUsing published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Duplicates

duplicate (Kuriyama 2014)

DPC]*
Komada 2017

[Surveillance to Determine Adverse Reactions to Carbamazepine and Lamotrigine:
Analysis of the "Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report", "Information on Adverse Reaction
Relief Benefits" and "Health] Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan"
Databases

Kuriyama 2014

[Analysis of Cancer Treatment in Iwate Prefecture – An Analysis of Health Care Regions
Based on MHLW DPC Data]

Harada 2012

[Analysis of hospital stay in patients with cerebral apoplexy]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Furuichi 2010

[Effects and Problems of DPC (Diagnosis Procedure Combination): A Study on Femoral

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Combined with primary research

CGA

Neck Fractures]
Furuta 2015

[Estimation of prevalence of dementia among aged inpatients in general hospital]

Igarashi 2020

[Estimating the Social and Economic Burden of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in Japan] Combined with primary researchpatient╱caregiver survey (medical╱nonmedical costs andproductivity loss)

Goto 2011[Practical utility of the data of DPC as the management-tool in the hospital not adopting

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Duplicates

Duplicate (Mitsutake 2018)

DPC]
Mitsutake 2018

[The associations between readmission within 30 days and the medical institute factors
among older patients receiving home medical care]

Kudo 2018[Comparison of caries severity between those who perform dental maintenance andOthers (duplicate/ no original data Not available

those who do not and investigation of the importance of maintenance using big data]*

used)

Yasunaga 2016

[Clinical epidemiological study using integrated data of DPC data and test values]*

Others (duplicate/ no original data

Tsunekawa 2020

[A Trial for Improving Coverage Rate Indices in Diagnosis Procedure Combination-used)
Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open dataNDB Open data

[Importance of care process management in terms of financial perspective : based on

No health insurance claims data

questionnaire survey

knowledge of hospital managers]

used[Economic evaluation for the prevention of cervical cancer by vaccination--from

Duplicates

Duplicate (Alakawa 2013)

Designated Medical Institutions]
Ehara 2014

[Are pediatric inpatients centralized at core hospitals/regional pediatric centers? Ananalysis using DPC data]*

Ehara 2017

[Current status of hospitalization of children by prefecture as estimated from NDB opendata]*

Arai 2016
Arakawa 2013

perspective of health insurance society and industry]
Takahashi 2015

[The Characteristics of Income and Expenditure in MDC04C]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

5 institutions

Takahashi 2018

[Survey of opening clinical indicators of hospitals with DPC/PDPS in Hokkaido area]

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)Takahashi 2020

[Analysis of prolonged average length of hospital stay in colon malignant tumors]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Kurosaki 2020

[Medical expenses for diabetes care in Japan: Analysis of inter-prefecture differences]

Duplicates

Duplicate (Kurosaki 2020)

Kuroda 2020

[Survey on Off-Label Use of Antineoplastic Agents in Pediatric Patients using a Large-

Duplicates

Duplicate (Kuroda 2020)

No health insurance claims data

questionnaire survey for medical

usedinstitutions

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

No health insurance claims data

questionnaire survey

scale Medical Database in Japan]
Konomura 2016
Imai 2012[A Survey on Hospital Formulary Development in Japan in 2015][Survey research group based on DPC data regarding the implementation status ofstandard drug treatment and clinical outcomes: A study on the implementation statussurvey of standard drug treatment using DPC data]*

Imai 2015[A Multi-institutional Survey of Risk Factors for the Prescription of Brought-in Medicine]usedImai 2016[Recurrence rate of ischemic stroke in the Shizuoka Stroke Network: a retrospective

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

three general hospitals

multicenter study]
Sato 2015[Current situation and issues related to claiming of charges for the operations of nutrition Combined with primary researchquestionnaire survey

support teams]
Sato 2017[Investigation on the situation of onychomycosis treatment using a survey on medical fee Combined with primary researcha questionnaire survey

receipts and a questionnaire survey to patients with onychomycosis]
Sato 2017[The Actual Condition of the Combined Diagnoses and the Influence of Added Modifiers

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

a hospital group[Age-related trends in blood pressure based on large-scale health checkup data using

No health insurance claims data

health checkup data

longitudinal analysis]

usedfor ICD-10 Codes]
Sato 2019

Sakamoto 2014

[Factor extraction of the liver cancer by the decision tree analysis using DPC data]

Others (duplicate/ no original data Abstract

Sakamoto 2014

[Decision Tree Analysis of Factors Relating to Lung Cancers Using DPC Data]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

4 hospitals

Sakamoto 2019

[Analysis of estimate factors about the severity of cerebral infarction and patient’s level

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

three hospitals

used)of need for medical treatment and nursing care]
Miura 2017
Yamashita 2019

[Current status and measures against non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the National No health insurance claims data

WHO: MiNDbank

Health Plan]

used[Clustering Analysis of DPC Data Using Weighted PLSA for Medical Treatments for

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center
Osaka International Cancer

Patients with Sepsis Including Blood Purification]
Yamazaki 2018

[Big data analysis at Osaka International Cancer Center]*

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Yamazaki 2020

[Examination of problems: Indications for myelography]*

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Yamanaka 2016

[Development of a Framework for Evaluating Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Agent

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

9 hospitals (ToCoM)

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Using published open data

published data

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Combined with primary research

QIP + questionnaire survey

Duplicates

Duplicate (Sakai 2013)

Combined with primary research

Watari study (a community-based

InstituteUse]
Yamada 2012

[Economic Analysis of Profit Improvement Derived from the Introduction of Generics byTokai Consortium for Municipal Hospitals (ToCoM)]

Yamauchi 2018

[Current status of osteoporosis screening – Relationship with osteoporotic fractures andneed for long-term care –]Yamanouchi 2018

[Considering community “recovery” from hospital discharge rate and re-hospitalization
rate]

Yamamoto 2015

[An example of management simulation using DPC data and operating room systemdata]*

Teraoka 2021

[A study on the COVID-19 pandemic and hospital medical fees Assessment of impact
using DPC data from QIP participating hospitals]*

Sakai 2013

[DPC Data Based Situation Analysis of Regional Core Hospital: An Application of the GIS
Methodology for Regional Health Care Plans]

Munakata 2016

[Relationship between Lipid Measures and Brain or Heart Disease in the Japanese
General Population:The Watari Study]

Akiyama 2012

[Investigation of the Actual Health Care Area Using Diagnosis Procedure Combination

prospective cohort study)
Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

No health insurance claims data

questionnaire survey(DPC) Data and Geographic Information System (GIS) in the Secondary Health Care
Area]
Funahashi 2013

[Attributes of non-participants aged 40-59 years in specific health check-ups]

usedOgata 2012

[Investigation of the hospitalization days and medical cost of the homeless and the

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center[A sensitivity analysis of medical expenses for aspiration pneumonia which occurred after Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

livelihood protection patient using DPC data for four years]
Obara 2016

[Additional cost in medical care and length of stay due to aspiration pneumonia that
inpatients developed : Observational study using DPC data]

Obara 2016

admission]
Kobayakawa 2014

[The Analysis of Critical Path using Receipt Data and Its Application]

Koike 2019

[A fact-finding survey on the characteristics of those who became insured persons of the No health insurance claims data
National Health Insurance after mandatory retirement, etc., and the support provided by

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-centerquestionnaires to insurers

usedNational Health Insurance Organizations]*
Oda 2018
Obata 2013

[Examination of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients with rapidly progressive severe

Others (duplicate/ no original data

respiratory failure using DPC data]*

used)[Efficiency Index of Diagnosis Procedure Combination after Adjustment for Disease

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

6 hospitals

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Severity and Definitions of Advanced General Hospital for the Acute Care]
Matsui 2010

[An action for attaching the suitable disease name using medical record management
data and DPC survey data]

Matsui 2013

[Attempt to analyze regional characteristics using GIS software and DPC data]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Matsunaga 2012

[FACTORS RELATED TO THE INTER-HOSPITALS DIFFERENCE IN THE STATES OF

Combined with primary researchquestionnaire survey

IMPLEMENTATION OF DRUG MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE JOBS]
Matsuhisa 2014

[Establishment of Tokushima Prefecture Diabetes Medical Care Coordination System

Others (duplicate/ no original data Establishment of the local medical

Using ICT]*

used)care system

Matsuyama 2017

[Regional disparities in dental consultation for preschool children]*Using published open data

Survey on the Trend of Medical

Matsuta 2020

[Regional Difference Analysis in Age-Adjusted Medical Expenses Focusing on the Cohort Using published open data

Analysis of regional differences inand Medical Practice Codes]

health care costs (MHLW)

Care Expenditures (MHLW)

Matsuda 2018
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: Examination of the effects of specificNo health insurance claims data

health checkups and specific health guidance in regional insurance]*usedhealth checkup data

[A study on appropriate allocation of acute myocardial infarction treatment facilities

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Duplicates

Duplicate (Shida 2010)

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-centerusing DPC and NDB]*
Matsumoto 2018

[Relationship between the Number of Adult Obesity and Neuropsychiatric Prescription
Drugs]

Kamijo 2020

[A Study on Estimating the Extraction of Permanent Teeth by Main Reason, Using theJapanese National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups ofJapan (NDB Japan) and the Second Survey of Reasons for Permanent Teeth Extraction]

Shida 2010

[Image Examination of Malignant Tumors in Lungs Observed on the Basis of Cost
Analysis Using Diagnosis Procedure Combination Data]

Moriwaki 2019

[Evaluating medical functions in hospital wards by focusing on patients' structure]

Kamigaki 2012

[On Prescription of Beta 2 Agonists for Pediatric Patients with Acute Bronchitis in Japan] Combined with primary researchintervention study

Jingushi 2019

[The present situation of the fracture treatment in Japan according to the 2nd open data

Using published open dataNDB Open data

[Developing systems for analyzing and utilizing data about health services to prevent

No health insurance claims datasystem building

lifestyle-related diseases in districts]

usedfrom the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups ofJapan]
SugitaSuga 2018

[The Current State of Non-traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Treatment in Japan Using

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Data from 2014]
Shimizu 2018

[A comprehensive survey of clinical practice concerning telemedicine treatment]

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Shimizu 2021

[Counseling project for patients jointly conducted by the Japan Pharmaceutical

Combined with primary researchintervention study

No health insurance claims data

questionnaire survey

Association, insurers, Japan Medical Association, and universities (2nd report): Analysisof health insurance claims data and questionnaire results for doctors]*
Nishimura 2011

[Influence of staffing and administrative policy of ICU on Patient outcome]used
Nishina 2011

[Evaluation of the impacts of DPC based on obstetric DIC]*

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Ishikawa 2013

[A study on the effects of preventive interventions for specific health guidance: A causal

No health insurance claims data

Health checkup data

analysis with propensity scores using a large-scale database]*

used

Ishikawa 2018

[The ratio of home deaths and related factors in national municipalities, ecological study] No health insurance claims data

official data

used
Kawamura 2015

[Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Screening as Means of Disease Discovery in Terms of No health insurance claims dataa hospital group

Disease Progression Status and Medical Costs]

usedAsaumi 2011

[Report of analysis case with medical treatment statistics that use DPC data]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Asami 2015

[The current state and the outcome of dementia patients in the acute hospital]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Maeda 2014

[Regional characteristics and future prospects in the number of patients TKA from public Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

data DPC]
Muramatsu 2013

[Prefectural Medical Care Delivery System from the National Database (NDB): Analysis

Using published open data

DPC Research InstituteHospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center[HIM's function on the job of outpatients' department: a report from examination

No health insurance claims datareport from examination committee

committee notification]used

notificationof Lifestyle-related Medical Practices Using Publicly Available Indicators Created fromthe NDB]*
Murakami 2012

[Comparison between medical treatment fee between DPC and service basis for spinal
infection]

Murashima 2011
Ota 2020[Proposal of Method for Estimating the Situation of Regional Healthcare Using NDB Open Using published open dataNDB Open data

Data and Sickbed Function Reports Data: Estimation of Implementation Status of Surgery
in Inpatient Care in Okayama Prefecture]
Osawa 2018

[Efforts to increase the proportion of generic drugs used]*

Others (duplicate/ no original data

Otsubo 2012

[Readmission rate for health care delivery system assessment]

Oshima 2016

[Change in the number of denture according to survey statistics of medical care activities Using published open data

statistics of medical care activities

in public health insurance]in public health insurance

used)

Oshima 2018

[Correlations between regional distribution of dental hygienists and dentistry service :Duplicates

Duplicate (Ootsubo 2012)

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Review article

review study

Analysis using NDB open data Japan]
Oshima 2020

[Outpatient chemotherapy/inpatient chemotherapy: Management analysis in costaccounting: Profit-based study on individual anticancer drugs]*

Ono 2020[Age-and gender-specific prescriptions and fracture surgeries of osteoporosis treatment
in Japan using the National Health Insurance Claim Database]Tanihara 2012

[Trend and current situation of medical research using health insurance claims among
Japan, Korea, and Taiwan]

Niwa 2020[Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Consumption Calculated Using the Japan Surveillance for Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology (J-SIPHE) System]
Ikehata 2018

[Benchmarking of Clinical Pathways for endoscopic submucosal dissection using DPC

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

9 hospitals

data]
Ikehata 2018

[Benchmarking of clinical pathway system for endoscopic submucosal dissection
according to DPC data of 9 hospitals among Iwate Prefectural Hospital group]

Ikehata 2020

[Hemorrhagic peptic ulcer -Current status and medical-economic evaluation-]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Nakamura 2015

[Evaluation of the Number of Varicella Patients Estimated by Prescription Surveillance]

Duplicates

Duplicate (Nakamura 2015)

Nakamura 2016

[Current status of oral anticoagulants and stroke patients at our hospital]*

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Nakajima 2014

[Examination of correlation between medical expenses with average life expectancy

Using published open data

Analysis of regional differences inaccording to municipality and gender]
Nakajima 2014

[Evaluation of University Hospitals Including Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC)

medical expenses (MHLW)
Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC survey data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC survey data (MHLW)

Using published open data

(regional differences in health

Data, Functional Evaluation Coefficient II, and Management Indicators]*
Nakajima 2015

[Examination of the Difference in Medical Treatment Contents According to Major
Diagnostic Category of Hospital Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ Using the Diagnosis Procedure
Combination Survey Data]

Nakajima 2015

[Examination of diagnosis procedure combination survey data that influence function
evaluation coefficient II]

Nakajima 2015

[Investigation of average life expectancy by prefecture using basic data on regional
differences in medical care]*

Nakajima 2016

[Type Classification Based on Inpatient Ratio According to Major Diagnosis Category ofcare)
Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

Regional differences in healthcare

Group III in the Diagnosis Procedure Combination System]
Nakajima 2016

[Investigation of factors affecting functional evaluation coefficient II of DPC hospitals
using multiple regression analysis]*

Nakajima 2017

[Examination of Factors that Influence the Operation Income and Expenditure Balance
Difference Rate of 20 Educational Foundation Universities]

Nakajima 2017

[Investigation of Nagano-type and metropolitan-type prefectures in relation to average
life expectancy using DPC data]*

Nakajima 2020

[Major diagnostic group classifications and medical practices that affect the shorteningof hospital stay]*

Nakajima 2020

[Examination of Factors Affecting Life Expectancy by Prefecture Based on the Criteria of
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]

Nakari 2015

[Factors that Prolong Admission to Acute Care Hospitals]

Nakamoto 2016

[Can the quality of medical care be improved by providing feedback on the evaluationdelivery conditions (Cabinet Office)No health insurance claims data
usedresults of quality indicators for cancer care?]*Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

4 hospitals

Asamoto 2016

[An economic analysis of relationship between hospital types and length of stay in a

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

hospital]
Asamoto 2017

[The organizational factors affecting hospitalization of patients with cerebral infarction(without surgery) -Empirical findings on DPC hospitals in Tokai district’s 4 prefectures-]

Hasegawa 2013

[The study of the promotion policy of the telemedicine]

No health insurance claims data

Tsukada 2011

[Profitability study of laparoscopic gastrectomy cases after introduction of DPC]*

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Tsukada 2016

[Patterns of prescribing radiotherapy and bevacizumab in nationwide practice : analysis

Others (duplicate/ no original data Japanese version (Tsukada 2016)

used
Single-centerof 101 designated cancer care hospitals in Japan]

used)Tsuji 2012

[The Long-term Effect of Telecare: Based on 10 Year Receipt Data of Nishi-aizu Town]

Combined with primary researchwith questionnaire survey

Tsujioka 2018

[The MDC portfolio management with the DPC public data and the level of need for

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center
Single-center

nursing]
Tahara 2013

[A study on trends in the flow of patients centering on regional core hospitals in rural
areas]*

Taguchi 2012

[Efforts to utilize DPC data and future issues]*

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Tagami 2018

[Elucidation of circulatory and respiratory dynamics in post-cardiac arrest syndrome:

No health insurance claims data

Approach by transpulmonary thermodilution]*used[A study on the Prescription Status of Metformin and DPP‒4 Inhibitors in Patients with

Duplicates

Duplicate (Tamura 2017)

Duplicates

Duplicate (Tamura 2018)

Tamura 2017

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan: An Analysis of Data from Health Insurance
Administrative Claims]
Tamura 2018

[A Study on the Prescription Status of Metformin and DPP–4 Inhibitors in Patients withType 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan : An analysis of Time Trends by Use of a Health
Insurance Administrative Claims Database]Tashiro 2014

[Assessment of the Adequacy of the DPC Score in Neonatal Care]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

7 hospitals

Tashiro 2015

[Verification of medical fees in neonatal intensive care units: To provide high-quality

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

7 hospitals

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

7 hospitals

Duplicates

duplicate (Tanaka 2015)

medical care efficiently and economically]*
Tashiro 2015

[Assessment of the adequacy of the DPC score in neonatal care : Analysis of the DPC
data from children's hospitals]

Tanaka 2015

[Cancer treatment situation in Japan with regard to the type of medical facility using
medical claim data of Health Insurance Societies]

Tanaka 2016

[On the Size Distribution of Hospitals: Empirical Study and Stochastic Model]

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Tanaka 2016

[The effects of the functional differentiation of hospitals on the regional mean length ofUsing published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Using published open dataNDB Open datastay]*
Tanaka 2017

[Actual use of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) in fiscal year 2014 : using the national
database of health insurance claims and specific health checkups of Japan (NDB) open
data]

Tanaka 2018

[Determining the acute period in transurethral bladder tumor resection using DPC data]* Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Tanaka 2018

[Survey of Prescription Volume and Adverse Events of NSAIDs Patches in Fiscal Year

Using published open dataNDB Open data

2015]
Tanaka 2019

[Analysis of DPC Data by Topic Model and Consideration on Function of Hospitals]

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Tanaka 2019

[Investigation of the usefulness of antimicrobial use survey using Diagnosis Procedure

Duplicates

Duplicate (Tanaka 2019)

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Combination (DPC) data]*
Tanaka 2019

[Investigation of Prescription Pattern of Antiretroviral Using the National Database of
Health Insurance Claims Specific Health Checkups of Japan Open Data]

Tanaka 2020

[Survey on prescribing status of NSAIDs patch formulations: Perspectives on promotionof generic drug use and prescribing restrictions]*

Tazawa 2013

[Investigation of the need for assistance using ADL score at admission]*

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Tazawa 2016

[Investigation of the state of care required and destination of discharge using DPC data]* Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Watanabe 2019

[Inpatient survey for prefectural medical plan formulation]

Combined with primary researchquestionnaires to institutions

Fujimura 2010

[Evaluation of the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Payment System]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Fujino 2017[Multicenter inter-comparison tool for surgical procedures using Diagnosis Procedure

Using published open data

DPC data (VHJ)

Combination survey data]
Nawata 2010

[Analysis of Length of Hospital Stay for Cataract Surgery Before and After Introduction of Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

5 hospitals

the Diagnosis Procedure Combination -Based Inclusive Payment System]
Minamizono 2019

[Gender, age, and regional distribution of equivalent conversion values for outpatient

Using published open dataNDB Open data

Duplicates

Duplicate (Hatanaka 2015)

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-centerprescription psychotropic drugs: From the 2nd NDB Open Database]*
Hatanaka 2015

[Risk factors for ischemic heart disease in males in the prime of life: An eight-year
follow-up study]

Ozaki 2018

[Impact of Oral Hygiene Management through a Multidisciplinary Approach on Patientswith Acute Stroke: Building a Pneumonia-Prevention System by Dentistry]

Muto 2014[Evaluation of Cost-effectiveness analysis in Hospital Management by using Diagnosis
Procedure Combination (DPC) data : a pilot case of the medical equipment]

Fushimi 2010

[Health care Resource Allocation by DPC Case-mix Data]

Review article

Review

Fushimi 2016

[Toward the improvement of health and medical statistics using electronic health

Review article

Review

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

6 institutes

No health insurance claims data

insurance coverage documents

insurance claims: Overview of “Study on Improving Claims Statistics Using Electronic
Claims” (Part 1)]*
Fukuda 2012

[Estimates of Postoperative Resource Utilization Attributable to Surgical Site Infection in
Gastrectomy Patients: Evidence from The JANIS/DPC Integrated Database]

Fukuda 2014

[Possibility of analyzing claim data for specified insurance medical materials]*

used
Fukuda 2017

[A study on building an integrated database of medical and clinical information]*

Fukudome 2014

[A study and report: Analysis of acute inpatient care in the Kagoshima medical area using Using published open data

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

7 hospitals
DPC data (MHLW)

DPC and patient survey data]*
Hiraoka 2018

[A Study of Evaluating Risk Factors Assessment sheet for Prediction of Falls in Inpatients Hospital-based (<10 institutes): Example of using Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) data]

Single-center

Minetaki 2010

[Empirical analysis of emergency medical care using medical microdata and the

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Single-center

possibility of telemedicine]*
Horai 2019
Kitamura 2021

[Study of Flat-Sum Payment system and Opportunity cost in DPC system : especiallyNo health insurance claims dataconsidering lost profits of Radiological Technologist and Nurse]

used[The pulmonary rehabilitation utilization rate among older people with chronic obstructive Duplicates

Duplicate (Kitamura 2021)

pulmonary disease in Japan: A retrospective study using medical and long-term careinsurance claims data]
Makino 2017

[Hybrid Research Concerning the Actual Prescription of Non‒irritative Laxatives andCombined with primary researchquestionnaire survey[Empirical analysis of a home health management system and medical expenses for four Combined with primary researchquestionnaire survey

Patient Consciousness]
Akematsu 2010

major lifestyle-related diseases]*
Akematsu 2012

[Effect of Telecare on Medical Expenditures Estimated by Propensity Score Matching

Combined with primary researchquestionnaire survey

JTTA 2012 KOBE]
Akematsu 2013

[Long-term Effect of Telecare Intervantion on Patients with Chronic Diseases]

Combined with primary researchon-site survey

Kimura 2015

[Treatment Persistence with Antidepressants in Japan: Assessment of the First 60 Days

Duplicates

Duplicate (Kimura 2015)

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

single-center

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

five participating cancer centers

Using published open data

DPC data (MHLW)

Duplicates

Duplicate (Suzuki 2019)

Using published open data

Health Insurance Claims Review &of Treatment Based on Pharmacy Claims Data from Reimbursement Database]Kadowaki 2020[National trend of total hip arthroplasty evaluated by data from diagnosis procedure
combination (DPC)]

Nonoshita 2012

[Action to the improvement of clinical process in pneumonia by using Diagnosis
Procedure Combination (DPC) data]

Ryu 2010[To establish the standardized clinical pathway in gastric and colorectal cancers bybenchmark analysis of DPC data]

Suzuki 2011

[The number of emergency admissions in Accredited Training Institutions for Fellowshipand Senior Fellowship of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine based on the DPC
information]

Suzuki 2019

[Analysis on Real World Data（RWD）Using a Machine Learning Model: Exploration of
the Factors Affecting the Utility of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents]

Wada 2019[Macro analysis of dental reimbursement claims in the last 10 years]*

Reimbursement services (Survey of
medical treatment status by
medical institution)
Kijima 2012

[Analysis of Outpatient clinic, using E and F File of Outpatient]

Hospital-based (<10 institutes)

Kunisawa 2019

[ [Introduction to health economics for healthcare professionals] Association between

Others (duplicate/ no original data (Contents: Kunisawa 2016)shortened hospital stay and readmission rate]*

used)

Hamada 2011[ASSESSMENT OF WORKLOAD IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY PRACTICE BY TIME Combined with primary researchSingle-center

time-study

STUDY COMBINED WITH ADMINISTRATIVE DATA]
Saito 2012

[Relationship between exercise habits at the recommended level of exercise and out-ofhospital medical expenses: A study in Fujisawa City]*

Combined with primary researchquestionnaire surveySupplement file 4 Characteristics of included studies
ID (Author

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Notes on database

Setting

Year)

Notes

Start

End data

on

data

year

settingyear

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

DiseaseHealth policy evaluation andCertain infectious and parasitic

utilizationdiseasesClinical epidemiology, course of

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseasesdiseases

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

Others≥18 year of age

1) Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
Sugiyama 2013 [Anisakis food poisoning: the annual number of cases noticed by ordinance for

Nationwide

JMDC

2005

enforcement of the food sanitation act and estimated through healthcare claim data

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesAnisakisanalysis]
Kimura 2020

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in Japanese hospitals 2008-2017: A real-

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2017 Medical treatment statusworld nationwide analysis of treatment pattern, incidence and testing density
Mikamo 2020

Incidence of and risk factors for recurrent Clostridioidesdifficile infection in Japan using a MDVNationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

NDB

Nationwide

2010

2016 Health economics

MDV

Nationwide

2012

2016 Health economics

Yasunaga 2012 The burden of Clostridium difficile-associated disease following digestive tract surgery in DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Intervention effectNationwide

2010

2018 Health economics

claims database: A retrospective cohort study
Fukuda 2018

Inpatient Expenditures Attributable to Hospital-Onset Clostridium difficile Infection: A

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseases

Healthcare burden of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in Japan: A retrospective

2018

database study

Certain infectious and parasitic

The clinical and economic burden of cytomegalovirus management post allogeneic

Certain infectious and parasitic

MDV
NDB

Nationwide

2011

2015 Health economics[An investigation of the clinical practice for dermatophytosis treatment using

Diseases of the digestive systempatients of any age

Clostridium difficile-associated diseasediseasesfollowing digestive tract surgery

Certain infectious and parasitic

cytomegalovirus

Certain infectious and parasitic

NDB

Nationwide

2011

2015 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

Others≥18 year of age

Nationwide

2013

2014 Medical treatment status

Research methodology

Childrenaged under 18 years

acute gastroenteritis, urolithiasis

Children≤59 months oldgroup A streptococcus (GAS)Childrenaged <18 years

invasive group A Streptococcus infection

Othersexcluded patients who

Denguediseases

Database of Health Insurance Claims
Iwanaga 2015

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseasesNational Claims Database
Kajimoto 2020 Clinical Management of Patients with Dengue Infection in Japan: Results from National

Clostridioides difficile infection (A047)

diseases
Health economics

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Japan - a retrospective database study
Kajimoto 2020 Patient and National Economic Burden of Dengue in Japan: Results from Japanese

Clostridium difficile infections

diseasesJapan
Ueno 2019

recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (A047)

diseasesNationwide Case-Control Study in Japan
Kunishima

Clostridioides difficile infection

Certain infectious and parasitic

Denguediseases
JMDC

reimbursement data from health insurance societies in Japan]

Existing
epidemiological

Certain infectious and parasitic

dermatophytosis

diseasesstudies: JSMM, JFW,
JOCD
Okubo 2019

Recent Prescription Patterns for Children With Acute Infectious Diarrhea

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Medical treatment status

Morishima[Estimating the numbers of enterobiasis cases in Japan: a healthcare claims database

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2009 Clinical epidemiology, course of

2015

study]DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Certain infectious and parasitic

acute infectious diarrhea

diseases

Takeuchi 2017 Pediatric urolithiasis associated with acute gastroenteritis: an inpatient database study

diseasesin JapanOkubo 2018

Recent patterns in antibiotic use for children with group A streptococcal infections in

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseasesdiseasesJMDC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effectJapan
Hamada 2021

In-hospital mortality among patients with invasive non-group A beta-hemolytic

enterobius

Certain infectious and parasitic

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseases

systemCertain infectious and parasitic

Diseases of the respiratory systemdiseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

Streptococcus treated with clindamycin combination therapy: a nationwide cohort study

were under the age of 16

diseases

years
Tokunaga 2021 Cost Analysis in Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Based on a Database of Health

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Health economics

Certain infectious and parasitic

Insurance Claims in Japan
Deguchi 2020

Current Status of Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis and Eradication Therapy in Japan Using a MDV
Association between parental history of Helicobacter pylori treatment failure andNationwide

2008

2016 Intervention effectQuality of care

Nationwide

2005

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

Impact of health insurance coverage for Helicobacter pylori gastritis on the trends in

Nationwide

2005

2015 Health policy evaluation andCertain infectious and parasitic

Helicobacter pylori infectiondiseases
JMDC

treatment failure in the offspring
Hiroi 2017

H. pylori gastritis, H. pylori infectiondiseasesNationwide Database
Deguchi 2019

Diseases of the digestive systemdiseases
Others

JMDC, MDV

eradication therapy in Japan: retrospective observational study and simulation study

Certain infectious and parasitic

Helicobacter pylori

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

utilization

Diseases of the digestive system

Helicobacter pylori gastritis

Diseases of the digestive system

Helicobacter pylori eradication

Neoplasms

Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B

diseases

based on real-world data
Fujimori 2014[[Changes in treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection after coverage of chronic gastritis NHI/LSEHS

National Healthinsurance] Has eradication cases increased?]*Insurance and Later-

Prefecture

Hokkaid2012

2013 Medical treatment statuso

Health policy evaluation andCertain infectious and parasitic

utilizationdiseases

Stage Elderly
Healthcare System
Yatsuhashi[Clinical Study of Liver Disease using National Database (NDB) : Trends in the Number

2019

of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B]

Fukuda 2020

Healthcare Expenditures for the Treatment of Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus in

NDB

Nationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

NDB

Nationwide

2010

2018 Health economics

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2016 Health economics

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseasesdiseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

Japan
Yamazaki 2019 Clinical and Economic Burden of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C with Versus Without

Certain infectious and parasitic

Antiviral Treatment in Japan: An Observational Cohort Study Using Hospital Claims Data
Ruzicka 2018

Comorbidities and co-medications in populations with and without chronic hepatitis C
Surveillance rates for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with cirrhosis, chronic

MDV

Nationwide

2015

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2011 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

diseases

Estimated numbers of patients with liver disease related to hepatitis B or C virus≥20 years of age

Others≥18 year of age

infection based on the database reconstructed from medical claims from 2008 to 2010 in

Certain infectious and parasitic

chronic hepatitis C virus (B18.2)

Othersaged ≥18 years

diseases
Quality of care

hepatitis B, and chronic hepatitis C based on Japanese claims database
Ohisa 2015

Otherschronic hepatitis C

diseasesvirus infection in Japan between 2015 and 2016
Hirata 2017

Hepatitis C Virusdiseasesdiseases

Certain infectious and parasitic

Diseases of the digestive systemLC, hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus

diseases(HCV) infection

Certain infectious and parasitic

hepatitis viruses

age group
Othersaged under 65 years

Othersaged 18 years or older

Otherspatients aged 30- 79

diseasesJapan
Udagawa 2015 Using Clinical Databases to Verify the Impact of Regulatory Agency Alerts in Japan:

MDV

Nationwide

2010

2012 Health policy evaluation and

Sako 2011

Acute hepatitis B in Japan: Incidence, clinical practices and health policy

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Yotsuyanagi

Characteristics and healthcare costs in the aging hepatitis B population of Japan: A

MDVNationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of2021

nationwide real-world analysis

Imai 2019

Validity of administrative database detection of previously resolved hepatitis B virus in

2011

2015 Research methodology

2013

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Hepatitis B Testing Behavior After an Alert Regarding Risk of Viral Reactivation

Certain infectious and parasitic

utilizationdiseasesJapan

NHO, chart

Othersabstraction

4

Certain infectious and parasitic

acute hepatites B

diseases
Health economics

diseases
Othershepatitis B

diseases
Medical treatment status

Certain infectious and parasitic

Hepatitis B (ICD-10: B18.1)

diseases

hospital

Certain infectious and parasitic

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases

system and connective tissue

Certain infectious and parasitic

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases

system and connective tissue

hepatitis B virus, rheumatoid arthritiss
Fujita 2018

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Analysis of the
National Database of JapanNDB

Nationwide

diseases

Quality of care

hepatitis B virus, rheumatoid arthritis

yearsHagiwara 2015 The effectiveness of risk communication regarding drug safety information: a nationwide

NDB

survey by the Japanese public health insurance claims data

national healthNationwide

2010

2010 Health policy evaluation andinsurance claims

utilization

Certain infectious and parasitic

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases

system and connective tissue

hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis

database (NHICD)
Honda 2017

Treatment patterns of postherpetic neuralgia patients before and after the launch of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2013 Health policy evaluation andpregabalin and its effect on medical costs: Analysis of Japanese claims data provided byHealth economics

utilization

Certain infectious and parasitic

postherpetic neuralgia

Othersaged 18 years or older

herpes zoster (with immunocompromising andOthers≥18 year of age

diseases

Japan Medical Data Center
Imafuku 2020

Risk of herpes zoster in the Japanese population with immunocompromising and chronic

Nationwide

JMDC

2005

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

disease conditions: Results from a claims database cohort study, from 2005 to 2014
Imafuku 2019

Burden of Herpes Zoster in the Japanese Population with Immunocompromised/Chronic

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Disease Conditions: Results from a Cohort Study Claims Database from 2005-2014
Ruzicka 2018

Comorbidities and the use of comedications in people living with HIV on antiretroviral

Nationwide

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Switch rates, time-to-switch, and switch patterns of antiretroviral therapy in people living MDVNationwide

2008

2016 Medical treatment status

Medical treatment status

diseases

HIV versus people without HIV in Japan: A hospital claims database study
Ruzicka 2019diseasesNationwide

2011

2011 Health economics

DPC

QIP

Nationwide

20182020 Health policy evaluation andNationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effect2021

inpatients with childhood non-COVID-19 acute infections in Japan

Imai 2020

Comparison of interactions between warfarin and cephalosporins with and without the N- JMDCCOVID-19

utilization

aged 18–74 years

HIV

Othersaged ≥18 years

HIV disease (ICD-10 codes B20‒24)

Others≥18 year of age

HIV disease

Othersaged ≥18 years

Human Papillomavirus–Related Lesions

Othersaged 15 years or older

Childrenaged 15 years or

Certain infectious and parasitic
Certain infectious and parasitic

NDB

Aggregated data:

Nationwide

2010

Certain infectious and parasitic

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseases

systemCertain infectious and parasitic

Diseases of the respiratory system

non-COVID-19 acute infections

Diseases of the circulatory system

received warfarin during cephalosporin therapy, Others

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

methyl-thio-tetrazole side chain
Prescription Surveillance using the National Database of Electronic Medical Claims

Othersdiseases
JMDC, MDV

Early impact of school closure and social distancing for COVID-19 on the number of

2015

Herpes Zoster

Certain infectious and parasitic

Women

Proposition of real-time precise prediction model of infectious disease patients from

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseases

Others

Kishimoto

Nakamurachronic disease conditions)diseases
Medical treatment status

with human immunodeficiency virus in Japan, in a hospital-claim database
Mizukami 2018 Resource Use and Cost of Treating Human Papillomavirus-Related Lesions in Japanese

Othersdiseasesdiseases

MDV

Greater burden of chronic comorbidities and co-medications among people living with

Health economics

diseases

therapy in Japan: a cross-sectional study using a hospital claims database
Ruzicka 2019

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseases2013 Prediction model

Prescription

youngerdiseases

infections

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Certain infectious and parasitic

infectious diseasediseasesdiseases≥18 year of age
all ages

Surveillance
Saita 2013

[Incidence of Infectious Spondylitis Is Increasing Rapidly : Epidemiological Analysis Using DPC

Nationwide

2007

2009 Clinical epidemiology, course of

the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database]diseases

Yasunaga 2010 Measles-related hospitalizations and complications in Japan, 2007-2008

DPC

DPC Research Group Nationwide

Tanihara 2010 Evaluating measles surveillance: comparison of sentinel surveillance, mandatory

Othersseveral corporate

2007

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of2007

2007 Clinical epidemiology, course of

notification, and data from health insurance claims

Aichi

health insurance

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases

system and connective tissue

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseases
Prefecture

Certain infectious and parasitic

Infectious Spondylitis
measles and related complicatesdiseases
Research methodology

diseases

Certain infectious and parasitic

measlesage groups

diseasessocieties in Aichi
Prefecture, sentinel
surveillance system,
mandatory
notification system
run by the Aichi
Yuasa 2019

Treatment procedures and associated medical costs of methicillin-resistant

Others

MinaCare database

Nationwide

2010

2015 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Staphylococcus aureus infection in Japan: A retrospective analysis using a database of

Certain infectious and parasitic

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

diseases

infection

Certain infectious and parasitic

MRSA

Othersaged ≥15 years

Japanese employment-based health insurance
Imai 2020

Association of the ward pharmacy service with active implementation of therapeutic drug JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2017 Intervention effect

Medical treatment statusmonitoring for vancomycin and teicoplanin-an epidemiological surveillance study using

diseases

Japanese large health insurance claims database
Uematsu 2018 Effect of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan

DPC

Uematsu 2017 Estimating the disease burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan:

DPC

QIP: DPC data linked Nationwide

2014

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2014

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2011

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2010

2010 Intervention effectto microbiologic data
Retrospective database study of Japanese hospitals
Tanihara 2016 Estimation of the incidence of MRSA patients: evaluation of a surveillance system using

and JANIS data

[Clinical Evaluation of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) on Antibiotic Therapy for

Certain infectious and parasitic

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MRSA

age categories

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

diseases
DPC

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseases

Health economics

diseasesDPC

health insurance claim data
Goto 2014

Health economics

diseases

MRSA

diseases
Medical treatment status

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection with the Diagnosis

Certain infectious and parasitic

MRSA

diseases

Procedure Combination (DPC) System]
Ueno 2021

The disease burden of mucormycosis in Japan: results from a systematic literature

MDV

Nationwide

2010

2019 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Medical treatment status

Treatment of Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex lung disease in the real world: JMDC

Nationwide

2007

2017 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2009

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2011

2014 Medical treatment statusreview and retrospective database study
Ohfuji 2020

Mumps-related Disease Burden in Japan: Analysis of JMDC Health Insurancea systematic
literature review

Reimbursement Data for 2005-2017
Takagi 2020

Incidence of Mumps Deafness in Japan, 2005-2017: Analysis of Japanese Insurance
A survey of clarithromycin monotherapy and long-term administration of ethambutol for

Certain infectious and parasitic

mucormycosis (ICD-10 code: B46.x)

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

diseasesClaims Database
Iwao 2020

Health economics

diseases

mumps

Others3 month-64 year of age

Mumps Deafness

Others3 month-64 year of age

Others0-74 year of age

Othersaged 20–75 years

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

diseasesdiseasespatients with MAC lung disease in Japan: A retrospective cohort study using the database

Certain infectious and parasitic

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex

diseaseslung disease

Certain infectious and parasitic

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex

diseaseslung disease

Certain infectious and parasitic

nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary

diseasesdisease (A310 and A319)

Certain infectious and parasitic

non-tuberculous mycobacteriaof health insurance claims
Iwao 2020

a retrospective big data analysis
Izumi 2019

Epidemiology of Adults and Children Treated for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial

NDB

Pulmonary Disease in Japan
Igari 2020

A retrospective observational study of antimicrobial treatment for non-tuberculous

diseases
NDB

Sampling data

mycobacteria disease using a nationwide claims database in Japan
Morimoto 2019 Actual practice of standard treatment for pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in

NDB

national healthNationwide

2010

2014 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2014

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

insurance database

Comorbidities associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Japanese adults: JMDC
a claims-data analysis

Iwao 2018[Survey of Drug Prescription Patterns Among Patients with Nontuberculous

diseases

The incidence of medically-attended norovirus gastro-enteritis in Japan: Modelling using

JMDC

Nationwide

2015

2016

JMDC

Nationwide

2007

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course ofa medical care insurance claims database
Imai 2018

Risk of pneumococcal diseases in adults with underlying medical conditions: a

Medical treatment status

retrospective, cohort study using two Japanese healthcare databases

diseases
Others

JMDC, MDV

Nationwide

2006

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Certain infectious and parasitic

nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary

diseasesdiseaseCertain infectious and parasitic

nontuberculous mycobacterial diseasediseases

Mycobacterial Disease Using the Database of Health Insurance Claims]
Chang 2018

Quality of carediseasesJapan
Uno 2020

Socioeconomic comparison

Certain infectious and parasitic

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease (A310-

diseases

A319)

Certain infectious and parasitic

noro virus

age group

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic
diseasesPneumococcal disease

Othersaged ≥19 years

Shoji 2020

Recent epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia in Japan

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofInoue 2019

Adjunctive Corticosteroids decreased the risk of mortality of non-HIV Pneumocystis

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

NDB

Nationwide

2012

2018 Health economics

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseases

Certain infectious and parasitic

Pneumonia
Fukuda 2020

Healthcare resources attributable to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Dose-dependent relationships between weight status and clinical outcomes among
infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infections

Kobayashi

Sustained reduction in rotavirus-coded hospitalizations in children aged <5 years after2020

introduction of self-financed rotavirus vaccines in Japan

Kimura 2019

Passive surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis-associated hospitalization using

diseasesJMDC

Nationwide

2009

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2009

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2009

2015 Health policy evaluation andNationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effectNationwide

2007

2007 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

20162018 Intervention effect2006

2007 Medical treatment status

diseases
Others

MDV, JMDC

nationwide administrative databases in Japan
Decline of rotavirus-coded hospitalizations in children under 5 years: A report from Japan JMDC

2018

where rotavirus vaccines are self-financed

Aso 2020

Dexmedetomidine and Mortality From Sepsis Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A

QIP

consequences of external causes

Certain infectious and parasitic

Diseases of the respiratory system

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic≥18 year of age

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection

Childrenaged <12 months

rotavirus gastroenteritis

Children<10 years of age

rotaviral enteritis

Children＜6 year of age

rota virusChildrenaged <5 years

sepsisOthersaged ≥15 years

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic
diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic
Medical treatment status

diseases[Effects of Polymyxin B Hemoperfusion in Patients with Sepsis Requiring CHDF：Analysis DPC

Certain infectious and parasitic

pediatric sepsis

age group

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

of a Nationwide Administrative Database in Japan]
Tanihara 2014 Assessment of medical expenditures for sepsis:differentiating between cases with andOthersSurgical Site Infection (MRSA)

diseasesDPC

diagnosis procedure combination database]
Fujimori 2020

diseasesutilization

Japanese Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study[Epidemiology of pediatric sepsis in Japanese community hospitals: analysis using a

Injury, poisoning and certain other

Health policy evaluation andutilization
DPC

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseasesdiseases

Kobayashi

Shime 2011

non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia

diseasesorthopedic surgical site infections
Okubo 2018

Pneumocystis pneumonia

diseases

SepsisOthersaged ≥20 years

sepsisOthers≥20 years of age

severe sepsis

Others≥18 year of age

antibiotics treatment for sepsis

Othersaged 15 years and older

septic shock

Othersage ≥20 years

refractory abdominal septic shock after

Othersage ≥15 years

diseases
Otherswithout ruled-out diagnoses

an employee health

Othersaninsurance

employeorganizatione health

Health economics

Certain infectious and parasitic

sepsisdiseasesinsuranceorganization
Fujimori 2021

Effects of Polymyxin B Hemoperfusion in Patients with Sepsis Requiring Continuous

DPC

Nationwide

20162019 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Intervention effect

2008

2011 Intervention effectCertain infectious and parasitic

Hemodiafiltration: Analysis of a Nationwide Administrative Database in Japan
Edakubo 2020

Effect of Early Central Venous Catheterization On Mortality Among Patients with Severe

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

Sepsis: A Nationwide Inpatient Database Study

diseasesMiyauchi 2012 Treatment with PMX-DHP improves prognoses of sepsis patients who required treatment Otherswith blood purification and is favorable for the medical fees

Social lnsurance

OthersHospitals

30

Health economics

Certain infectious and parasitic

Sepsisdiseases

Sociallnsurance
Hospital

Igari 2020

A retrospective observational study of antibiotics treatment for sepsis using a nationwide NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

2011

2014 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effectclaim database in Japan
Ohbe 2019

Intravenous albumin for initial resuscitation and mortality in septic shock patients:

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseasesdiseases

propensity score analyses using a nationwide inpatient database
Tagami 2015

Low-dose corticosteroid treatment and mortality in refractory abdominal septic shockdiseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

after emergency laparotomy
Suzuki 2020

Histamine-2 receptor antagonists versus proton pump inhibitors for septic shock after

Others

Certain infectious and parasitic
Diseases of the digestive systemdiseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

emergency laparotomy
Diseases of the digestive system

septic shock after lower gastrointestinal tract

Others≥18 year of age

Diseases of the digestive system

pneumonia, septic shock

Othersage ≥18 years

septic shock

Othersaged ≥20 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersaged 15-89 years

Others20-74 years of age

Othersaged 20-64 years

Others15-74 year of age

Othersaged 2-64 years

diseases

lower gastrointestinal tract perforation: a retrospective cohort study using a national
inpatient database
Tagami 2015

Intravenous immunoglobulin and mortality in pneumonia patients with septic shock: an

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Effects of Polymyxin B Hemoperfusion on Septic Shock Patients Requiring Noradrenaline: DPC

Nationwide

20162019 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effectNationwide

2006

2006 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofDPC

DPC Research Group Nationwide

2007

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Certain infectious and parasitic

observational nationwide study
Fujimori 2021

diseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

Analysis of a Nationwide Administrative Database in Japan
Iwagami 2016

Potential Survival Benefit of Polymyxin B Hemoperfusion in Septic Shock Patients on

diseasesContinuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Tagami 2015

Intravenous immunoglobulin use in septic shock patients after emergency laparotomy

Tanihara 2011 [Investigation of descriptions of sexually transmitted diseases in medical fee

Othersstatements]*
Matsubayashi

Syphilis testing among spouses of patients with syphilis in Japan: an epidemiological

2020

study using an administrative claims database

Nakajima 2018 Clinical features and outcomes of tetanus: Analysis using a National Inpatient Databasemultiple healthinsurance society[A DRG/PPS simulation in the medical care of tuberculosis]

Septic shock, Continuous Renal Replacement

diseases

systemTherapy

Certain infectious and parasitic

Injury, poisoning and certain otherseptic shock, intestinal perforationdiseasesconsequences of external causes
sexually transmitted diseasediseases
Certain infectious and parasitic

syphilis

diseasesdiseasesdisease: data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database
Tobise 2010

Diseases of the genitourinary

Certain infectious and parasitic

diseasesin Japan
Yasunaga 2011 Delay in tetracycline treatment increases the risk of complications in Tsutsugamushi

Certain infectious and parasitic

Medical treatment status

diseases
Others19 hospitals under

Nationwide

2007

Certain infectious and parasitic

tetanus neonatorum (A33.1), obstetric tetanus

diseases(A34.10), or other tetanus (A35)

Certain infectious and parasitic

Tsutsugamushi disease (A75.3)

diseases2008 Health economics

Certain infectious and parasitic

the National Hospital

tuberculosis

diseases

Organization
Yamana 2021

Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in patients receiving biologic agents

JMDC

Iba 2020

Tuberculosis screening and management of latent tuberculosis infection prior to biologic

NHI/LSEHS

Nationwide

2005

2018 Medical treatment status

20122019 Medical treatment status

Certain infectious and parasitic

Othersdiseases
NHI

Municipality

C city,treatment in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A longitudinalTokyo

population-based analysis using claims data

prefectu

Quality of care

Certain infectious and parasitic

immune-mediated inflammatory diseases,
tuberculosis

Othersdiseasesimmunemediated inflammatory diseases,
TuberculosisreYamada 2021

Pneumococcal vaccine coverage in Japan among patients with a history of splenectomy:

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2019 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2010

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Certain infectious and parasitic

Results of a retrospective administrative database study
Nakamura

Othersoverwhelming post-splenectomy infectiondiseases

Evaluation of the Number of Varicella Patients Estimated by Prescription Surveillance

NDB

Sugawara[Chickenpox case estimation in acyclovir pharmacy survey and early bioterrorism

Others2011

detection]

2015

Aggregated data:
Prescription

diseases

Research methodology

Certain infectious and parasitic

Varicelladiseases

Surveillance2) Neoplasms (C00-D48)

Pharmacy
surveillancediseases

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseases

chickenpox

age groups

Yanaihara[Current state of surgical therapy for adrenal tumors based on DPC data from 2006 to2011

2008: A comparison between urology and surgery]*Okamoto 2013 Prevalence of bile duct cancer among printing industry workers in comparison with other

DPC

DPC Research Group Nationwide

2006

2008 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

adrenalectomy cases

JHIA

Japan Health2009

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Neoplasms

Bile Duct Cancer (C22.1 and C24.0)

industries

Nationwide

Insurance Associationdiseases(JHIA)
Sugihara 2014

Comparison of perioperative outcomes including severe bladder injury between

Nationwide

DPC

2007

2012 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

monopolar and bipolar transurethral resection of bladder tumors: a population based

Injury, poisoning and certain otherbladder tumor, bladder injury

consequences of external causes

comparison
Shinjo 2019

Volume effect in paediatric brain tumour resection surgery: analysis of data from the

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofJapanese national inpatient database
Uchida 2012

Impact of remifentanil use on early postoperative outcomes following brain tumor

diseases
DPC

Health policy evaluation and

Neoplasms

brain tumour

Neoplasms

brain tumor or rectal cancer

Childrenutilization

aged 15 years old andyoungerNationwide

2007

2007 Intervention effectNationwide

2013

2014

Medical treatment status

Health economics Neoplasms

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status Neoplasms

resection or rectal cancer surgery
YoshimotoCurrent Trends and Healthcare Resource Usage in the Hospital Treatment of Primary

2016

Malignant Brain Tumor in Japan: A National Survey Using the Diagnostic Procedure

DPC

J-ASPECT Study-

primary malignant brain tumors

Brain Tumor

Combination Database (J-ASPECT Study-Brain Tumor)
Yoshimoto

Visionary approach for the treatment of brain tumors

DPC

J-ASPECT Study

Nationwide

2013

2014

JMDC

CLEOPATRA trial,

Nationwide

2005

2017 Health economics

Neoplasms

receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer

OthersNationwide

2005

2018 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

Brest cancer (ICD-10code: C50)

OthersNationwide

2012

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Neoplasms

breast cancer patients (ICD-O-3)

Neoplasms

breast cancer patients

Neoplasms

breast cancer

2015
Metastatic Breast Cancer in Japan
Tajima 2021

brain tumors

diseasesMoriwaki 2021 Economic Evaluation of First-Line Pertuzumab Therapy in Patients with HER2-Positive

Real-world anticancer medications for reproductive-age women with breast cancer by

published sources
JMDC

years) are not included

using a claims database in Japan
Ishii 2020

Epidemiology and practice patterns for male breast cancer compared with female breast

elderly people (aged >75

reproductive age (15 to49 years)DPC

HBCR+DPC

cancer in Japan

Medical treatment status

diseases

Matsumoto

Association between variations in the number of hospital beds and inpatient

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Health policy evaluation and2020

chemo/radiotherapy for breast cancer: a study using a large claim database

Sakata 2019

Use of a Healthcare Claims Database for Post-Marketing Safety Assessments of Eribulin MDVNationwide

2011

2016 Health policy evaluation andutilizationin Japan: A Comparative Assessment with a Prospective Post-Marketing Surveillance

utilization

Study
Sato 2015

The accuracy of Japanese claims data in identifying breast cancer cases

Othersclaims data,

Othersa single

2011

2011 Research methodology

Neoplasms

breast cancer

Nationwide

2008

2016 Health economics

Neoplasms

pre-menopausal breast cancer

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

ICD-10 C00–C96 (excluding C44)

OthersDPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

patients having digestive cancer surgery

Others20102014 Prediction model

Neoplasms

gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer (ICD-O-3:

Older persons

standardized

institutio

hospital-basednOtherscancer registry
Goto 2017

Cost analysis of leuprorelin acetate in Japanese pre-menopausal breast-cancer patients: MDV

web-based survey tocomparison between 6-month and 3-month depot formulations

determine theintangible costs

Iwagami 2021

Risk of Cancer in Association with Ranitidine and Nizatidine vs Other H2 Blockers:
Analysis of the Japan Medical Data Center Claims Database 2005-2018

Makito 2020

Volatile versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Cancer Prognosis in Patients Having< 18 years

Digestive Cancer Surgery
Morishima

Geriatric assessment domains to predict overall survival in older cancer patients: An

2020

analysis of functional status, comorbidities, and nutritional status as prognostic factors

Okuyama 2020 Usability of Clinical Information in Discharge Summary Data in the Diagnosis Procedure

excluded patients aged
age of greater than orequal to 18 yr

DPC

Osaka Cancer

Prefecture

Osaka

Registry + DPC

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasespatients aged 70 years

C16, C18, C19, C20, C33, C34)

or oldeDPC

HBCR + DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Research methodology

Neoplasms

stomach, colorectal, liver, lung, or breast cancer Others

over the age of 20 years

DPC

Hospital-based

Nationwide

2013

2015 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

patients diagnosed with cancer

Othersaged 20 and older

20102015 Socioeconomic comparison

Neoplasms

stomach cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer,

Othersaged 40-59 years

Combination Survey for Cancer Patients
Yazaki 2020

High hepatitis B virus screening rate among patients receiving systemic anticancer
treatment in Japan

Cancer Registries +DPC

Morishima[Proportion of cancer detected by screening and early-stage cancer among cancer

2020

patients by type of medical insurance and family members]*

Bun 2019

Analysis of concordance with antiemetic guidelines in pediatric, adolescent, and young

DPC

Osaka Cancer

Prefecture

Osaka

Registry + DPC

breast cancer, cervical cancer(cervical cancer: 20-59
years)DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Quality of care

Neoplasms

adult patients with cancer using a large-scale administrative database
Ishimaru 2019

Association between perioperative oral care and postoperative pneumonia after cancer
Assessment of "look-alike" packaging designs related to medication errors using

Othersage <30 years

Othersaged 0–74 years

OthersThose aged <18 years(ICD10 codes: C00-D48)
JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

JMDC

Nationwide

2016

2016 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

cancer patients

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2015 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

lip and oral cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer,

resection: conventional versus high-dimensional propensity score matching analysis
Momo 2019

patients who were diagnosed with any cancer
head and neck, lung, gastric, colorectal, breast,and esophageal cancer

information technology
Yamada 2019

A descriptive epidemiological study on the treatment options for head and neck cancer:
Transition before and after approval of cetuximab

Health policy evaluation andutilization

oropharyngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer,
laryngeal cancer, and nasal/paranasal sinus
cancer (ICD10 codes: C00‐C06, C09‐C14,
C30.0, C31, and C32)

Yokoyama

Integrative analysis of clinical and bioinformatics databases to identify anticancer

2019

properties of digoxin

Ishimaru 2018

Preoperative oral care and effect on postoperative complications after major cancer

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2015 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

NDB

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, prostatecancer and haematological malignancy

surgeryhead and neck,oesophageal,gastric,colorectal,lung or liver

were excluded

cancerSato 2018

Prevalence and initial prescription of psychotropics in patients with common cancers in

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2014 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

Japan, based on a nationwide health insurance claims database
Sato 2018

End-of-life care for cancer patients in Japanese acute care hospitals: A nationwide

breast, colorectal, liver, lung, ovarian,

Effect of Hangeshashin-To (Japanese Herbal Medicine Tj-14) on Tolerability of2018

Irinotecan: Propensity Score and Instrumental Variable Analyses

Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An examination of days of the week forcancer outpatient chemotherapy]*

aged ≥18 years

Othersage ≥20 years

pancreatic, prostate, or stomach cancer
DPC

Nationwide

2011

2014 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

malignant neoplasm (C00-97)

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

patients with a diagnosis of neoplasm defined20132015 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

patients received outpatient chemotherapy

retrospective administrative database survey
Urushiyama

Othersby ICD10
OthersJapan Health

OthersA

Insurancemunicip

Association, National

ality inHealth Insurance,

Western

Latter-stage elderlyJapan

healthcare system

Okuyama 2017 Prescription of Prophylactic Antiemetic Drugs for Patients Receiving Chemotherapy With

DPC

Minimal and Low Emetic Risk

linked with the

Nationwide

2010

2012 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

hospital-basedbreast, lung, colorectal, stomach, cervical, or

Others

20 years older

Othersexcluded patients aged

prostate cancer

cancer registry
Ikeda 2016

Screening rate for hepatitis B virus infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy in

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2013 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

cancer patients scheduled for chemotherapy

Nationwide

2010

2012 Quality of care

Neoplasms

colorectal, lung, stomach, liver, breast, prostate

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Quality of care

Neoplasms

gastric, colon, and lung cancer surgical patientsJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

bladder cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer,

Japan
Iwamoto 2016

Monitoring and evaluating the quality of cancer care in Japan using administrative claims DPC

HBCR+DPC

data
Kunisawa 2016 Reducing Length of Hospital Stay Does Not Increase Readmission Rates in Early-Stage

and cervical cancer patients

Gastric, Colon, and Lung Cancer Surgical Cases in Japanese Acute Care Hospitals
Takada 2016

Inverse Association between Sodium Channel-Blocking Antiepileptic Drug Use andCancer: Data Mining of Spontaneous Reporting and Claims Databases

gastric cancer, esophageal cancer,
hematological malignancies, melanoma, breast
cancer, and prostate cancer

Takaoka 2016

Staging discrepancies between Hospital-Based Cancer Registry and Diagnosis Procedure DPC

HBCR and DPC

Others

2011

2011 Research methodology

Nationwide

2011

2012 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2011

2014 Medical treatment status

Combination data

four

Neoplasms

tumor–node–metastasis classification

Neoplasms

patients who received both externalbeam

voluntarily
participa
tinghospitals

Tsukada 2016

Patterns of prescribing radiotherapy and bevacizumab in nationwide practice-analysis ofDPC

HBCR+DPC

101 designated cancer care hospitals in JapanUda 2016[The current status of cancer rehabilitation in Japan : an analysis from diagnosis

radiotherapy and bevacizumab
DPC

procedure combination database]
Sato 2016

Health policy evaluation and

Neoplasms

cancer rehabilitation

Neoplasms

cancer patients

Neoplasms

lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer,

utilization[A Preliminary Survey to Measure the Quality Indicators of End-of-life Cancer Care Using NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

2012

2012 Quality of care

Nationwide

2005

2013 Intervention effectResearch methodology

the Japanese National Database]
Fujimoto 2015 Association between statin use and cancer: data mining of a spontaneous reporting<20 years
JMDC

database and a claims databaseesophageal cancer, breast cancer,
hematological malignancies, melanoma, andprostate cancer

Iwamoto 2015

Accuracy of using Diagnosis Procedure Combination administrative claims data for

DPC

estimating the amount of opioid consumption among cancer patients in Japan

compared with

OthersAomorielectronic medical

Prefectu

recordsral

20122013 Research methodology

Neoplasms

opioid consumption among cancer patients

2005

2011 Patient health service utilization

Neoplasms

stomach, colon, liver, lung, or breast cancer

20092010 Health economics

Neoplasms

Lung, Stomach, Pancreas, Prostate, Breast,

CentralHospital
Tanaka 2015

[Cancer treatment situation in Japan with regard to the type of medical facility using

JMDC

Nationwide

medical claim data of Health Insurance Societies]
Morishima

Association of healthcare expenditures with aggressive versus palliative care for cancer

2014

patients at the end of life: a cross-sectional study using claims data in Japan

NHI/LSEHS

National HealthPrefecture

Kyoto

Insurance (NHI) andColorectum, Liver, Biliary tract, blood, OtherLong Life Medical
Care System
Okuyama 2014 Prescription trends of prophylactic antiemetics for chemotherapy-induced nausea andJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2011 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2010

2011 Research methodology

Neoplasms

vomiting in Japan
Shibata 2014

[Usefulness of a healthcare insurance claims database for statistical data in cancer

NDB

patients]*
Watanabe

Patient Survey(MHLW)[Estimating duplicate registration rates in hospital cancer registries]*

JMDC

Impact of hospital case volume on quality of end-of-life care in terminal cancer patients

NHI/LSEHS

those who recceived chemotherapy with high or Others

patients 18 years old or

moderate emetic risks

older

Neoplasms

cancer patients

Research methodology

Neoplasms

lung, stomach, liver, breast, colon cancer

Health policy evaluation and

Neoplasms

died of cancers

Neoplasms

who received any of these chemotherapy drugs Others

diseasesNationwide

2005

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

20092010 Quality of care

2014
Morishima

Clinical epidemiology, course of

diseases2013

National HealthPrefecture

Kyoto

Insurance (NHI) andutilization

Long Life Medical
Care System
Nakamura

Pattern of prophylaxis administration for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: an NHI/LSEHS

a city-based

2013

analysis of city-based health insurance data

insurance program

Municipality

Kure

2008

2010 Medical treatment statuscity,

age 20 or older andunder 75

Hiroshima
Hamada 2013

[Application of Japanese Claims Database to Pharmacovigilance Activity in

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

Pharmaceutical Industry; Analysis on Cancer Incidences and Usage of Anticancer Agents]
Higashi 20122011 Health policy evaluation and

Neoplasms

cancer patients

Neoplasms

breast, colorectal, stomach, lung, and liver

utilization

Prevalence of analgesic prescriptions among patients with cancer in Japan: an analysis of JMDC

Nationwide

health insurance claims datafrom 820052009 Medical treatment status

employe

Othersbelow 75 years oldcancers

rsponsoredinsurancecompanies
Yasunaga 2012 Variation in cancer surgical outcomes associated with physician and nurse staffing: a

DPC

Nationwide

2007

retrospective observational study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination

2008 Health policy evaluation and

Neoplasms

utilization

lung, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, andpancreatic cancer

Database
Maeda 2012

[Data Analysis Method for More Efficient Integration of Cancer Treatment Centers and

NHI/LSEHS

Fukuoka

Prefecture

Fukuoke20082010 Health policy evaluation andSecondary Medical Service Areas]
Kuroda 2020

Survey on off-label use of antineoplastic agents in pediatric patients using a large-scale

Neoplasms

utilization
MDV

Nationwide

2016

2017 Medical treatment status

MDV

Nationwide

2010

2015 Medical treatment status

medical database in japan
Minoura 2018

Practice Patterns of Medications for Patients With Malignant Bowel Obstruction Using a
Nationwide Claims Database and the Association Between Treatment Outcomes andConcomitant Use of H2-Blockers/Proton Pump Inhibitors and Corticosteroids With
Octreotide

gastric, colorectal, liver, lung and breast
cancers

Neoplasms

off-label use of antineoplastic agents inChildren

0–14 years of age

Othersaged ≥20 years

pediatric patientsIntervention effect

Neoplasms

malignant bowel obstruction impairs,
intraabdominal cancers

Sugihara 2013

Regional, institutional and individual factors affecting selection of minimally invasive

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2015

2017 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison

nephroureterectomy, malignant neoplasms of

Neoplasms

nephroureterectomy in Japan: a national database analysis
Mimura 2020

Antimicrobial utilization and antimicrobial resistance in patients with haematological

the renal pelvis or ureter
DPC

JANIS data

Neoplasms

malignancies in Japan: a multi-centre cross-sectional study
Kishi 2020

Impact of Behavioral Health Comorbidities on Health Care Costs Among Japanese
Association between Nurse Staffing and In-Hospital Bone Fractures: A Retrospective

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2015

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Health policy evaluation and

Health economics

Neoplasms

Association Between Colorectal Cancer and Atherosclerotic Diseases: A Study Using a
Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in Japanese Patients with Cancer: A Matched

Diseases of the circulatory systemcancer or cardiovascular diseases

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2017 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

Diseases of the circulatory system

Colorectal cancer and atherosclerotic diseases

Neoplasms

Mental, Behavioral and1) Newly diagnosis with cancer (ICD10: C00-

Risk of major depressive disorder in spouses of cancer patients in Japan: A cohort study

Neurodevelopmental disorders95), 2) major depressive disorder (F32 F33)

Mental, Behavioral and1) cancer (ICD10: C00-95), 2) major depressive

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course ofusing health insurance-based claims data
Akechi 2020

Risk of major depressive disorder in Japanese cancer patients: A matched cohort study
Do the Japanese Cancer Patients Receive an Appropriate Psychiatric Support at the2013

Acute Care Hospitals?: An Evaluation Trial by DPC Based Data

Matsuda 2010

[Cancer and psychiatric care: From the results of a study based on DPC data]*

OthersNeoplasms

diseasesusing employer-based health insurance claims data
Muramatsu

Neoplasms

diseases
DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010 Medical treatment status

DPC

DPC Research Group Nationwide

2008

2008 Medical treatment status

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Neoplasms

diseasesClinical epidemiology, course of

Neoplasms

diseases
Taniguchi 2021 Recombinant Thrombomodulin in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Associated

Othersaged 50 years or older
age groups

diseases

Cohort Study Using Employer-Based Health Insurance Claims Data
Akechi 2020

Cancer, behavioural health

Neoplasms

utilization

National Inpatient Database in Japan
Akechi 2020

Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

Cohort Study
Yamaji 2016haematological malignancies, antimicrobials

diseasesPatients With Cancer
Morita 2017

Certain infectious and parasitic

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Othersadult (aged 18-74 years)

Neurodevelopmental disorders

disorder (F32 F32)

Mental, Behavioral and1) new diagnosis of cancer, 2) major depressive Others

adult (aged 18-74 years)

Neurodevelopmental disorders

disorder (F32 F32)

Mental, Behavioral andbreast cancer, depression and anxiety symptom

Neurodevelopmental disorders(as comorbidity or complication)

Mental, Behavioral andbreast cancer, depressive disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neoplasms

with Stage IV Solid Tumors: A Nationwide Observational Study in Japan

Diseases of the blood and blood-

disseminated intravascular coagulation, solid

forming organs and certain

tumorsOthersaged ≥18 years

Othersaged ≥20 years

Otherspatients ≥30 years ofdisorders involving the immune
mechanism
Kobayashi

The effect of centralization of health care services on travel time and its equality

JHIA

2015

the Kyoto branch ofPrefecture

Kyoto

2008

the Japan Health2009 Health policy evaluation and

Neoplasms

Diseases of the circulatory systemischemic heart disease, breast cancer

heart failure (HF) patients with concomitantutilization

Insurance Association
Kaneko 2020

Association of cancer with outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure

DPC

Mizuno 2021

Differences in aggressive treatments during the actively dying phase in patients with

NDB

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Neoplasms

Diseases of the circulatory system

Nationwide

2011

2015 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

Diseases of the circulatory system

Nationwide

2005

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Neoplasms

Certain infectious and parasitic

1) The case group was people who presented

diseaseswith malignant cancer, 2) influenza,diseases
cancer and heart disease: an exploratory study using the sampling dataset of thePrevious Infection Positively Correlates to the Tumor Incidence Rate of Patients withcancerlimited to DPC

National Database of Health Insurance Claims
Inaida 2020

Sampling data:cancer and heart disease (aggressive
treatments)

datasetJMDC

Cancerdiseasesage

gastroenteritis, hepatitis, and pneumonia
infections
Sugihara 2015

Perioperative Outcome Comparisons Between Open and Laparoscopic

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Intervention effect

Health economics

Neoplasms

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course ofIntervention effect

Neoplasms

Nephroureterectomy Among a Population-Based Cohort from 2010 to 2012
Sato 2017

Mortality and hemorrhagic complications associated with radiofrequency ablation for

Diseases of the genitourinary

nephroureteroectomy for malignant diseases

systemtreatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients on hemodialysis for end-stage renal

diseases

Diseases of the genitourinary

end-stage renal disease, hepatocellular

systemcarcinomadisease: A nationwide survey
Watanabe

Quality indicators for cervical cancer care in Japan

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Quality of care

Neoplasms

Kobayashi[Incidence of Proteinuria among Japanese Colorectal Cancer Patients after Receiving

patients with cervical cancer (ICD-O

MDVNationwide

2015

2018 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

Colorectal cancer patients (IDC10: C18-20)

2020

Ramucirumab-Cohort Study Using Claim Database]

Otherspatients aged 18 years

Nakashima

Effectiveness and Safety of Regorafenib vs. Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Unresectable

2020

Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort StudyMDVNationwide

2013

2018 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

metastatic colorectal cancer

Othersaged over 20 years

Tajima 2020

Open colectomy vs. laparoscopic colectomy in Japan: a retrospective study using real-

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

colorectal cancer (ICD10: C18 C19)DPC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

colorectal cancer C18-20 (ICD10)

Nationwide

2013

2018 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

colorectal cancer

Othersaged over 20 years

Nationwide

2008

2017 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

colorectal cance (ICD10: C18 C19 C20)

20142015 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

colorectal cancer

Neoplasms

colorectal cancer resections

Neoplasms

underwent radical surgery for colorectal cancer

Neoplasms

colorectal neoplasia
Othersage 20 years or higher

HBCR + DPC

2018morphology: C53.0–53.9)
or olderworld data from the diagnosis procedure combination database
WatanabePreoperative rehabilitation for patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: a2020

retrospective cohort study

Nakashima

Comparison of Standard Initial Dose and Reduced Initial Dose Regorafenib for Colorectal MDV

2019Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort StudyYamazaki 2018 Pre-emptive skin treatments to prevent skin toxicity caused by anti-EGFR antibody: theMDVreal-world evidence in JapanWei 2018

Higuchi 2015

[The Diffusion Rate and Regional Difference of the Insured with Colorectal Cancer

JHIA

Fukuoka Branch,

Outpatient Chemotherapy in Fukuoka Branch of Japan Health Insurance Association

National Health(FBJHIA)]

Insurance Association[THE INFLUENCE OF HOSPITAL VOLUME ON THE OUTCOME OF COLORECTAL

Prefecture

FukuokaDPC

Nationwide

2007

2008 Health policy evaluation and

DPC

DPC Research Group Nationwide

2007

2008 Intervention effect

Factors predicting adverse events associated with therapeutic colonoscopy for colorectal DPC

Nationwide

2013

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2008

2019 Intervention effect2010

2014 Intervention effect2010

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

CANCER RESECTIONS IN JAPAN]
Yasunaga 2011 Effect of the Japanese herbal kampo medicine dai-kenchu-to on postoperative adhesive

Socioeconomic comparison

utilization

small bowel obstruction requiring long-tube decompression: a propensity score analysis
Niikura 2016

neoplasia: a retrospective nationwide study in Japan
Yamazaki 2021 Real-World Evidence on Second-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using

Intervention effectdiseases
MDV

Neoplasms

malignat neoplasm of colon (ICD10 code: C18-

Neoplasms

stage III colon cancer

OthersNeoplasms

colon cancer

OthersNeoplasms

esophageal cancer cases (C15.x)

Neoplasms

patients diagnosed with resectable locally

Fluoropyrimidine, Irinotecan, and Angiogenesis Inhibitor
Kawamura

Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival benefit in stage III colon cancer patients

2020

stratified by age: a Japanese real-world cohort study

Sakamoto[The influence of lifestyle-related disease on colon cancer by the decision tree analysis

2018

using DPC data]

Shin 2019

Effects of preoperative oral management by dentists on postoperative outcomes

20)
DPC

Osaka Cancer

Prefecture

Osaka

Medical treatment status

DPC

diseases
DPC

Nationwide

2016

2017 Intervention effectNationwide

2012

2013 Medical treatment status

Health economics

using the Japanese inpatient database
The use of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable locally advanced thoracic esophageal

DPC

Combined with thepatients aged 18 years
or olderNationwide

following esophagectomy: Multilevel propensity score matching and weighting analyses
Tsukada 2018

and 90 years and below

Registry + DPC

squamous cell carcinoma in an analysis of 5016 patients from 305 designated cancer

hospital-based

advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cellcare hospitals in Japan

registry datacarcinomaage ≥20 years

Takeda 2019

Prophylactic sivelestat for esophagectomy and in-hospital mortality: a propensity score-

MDV

Nationwide

2010

2016 Medical treatment status

Intervention effect

Neoplasms

esophageal cancer (ICD10 code C15)

Nationwide

2013

2013 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Neoplasms

esophageal cancer

Nationwide

2012

2017 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

gastric cancer (ICD-10 code C16)

Othersaged 20 years or older

OthersExclude less than 20

matched analysis of claims database
Hamamoto

Treatment selection for esophageal cancer: evaluation from a nationwide database

DPC

DPC + HBCRs

2018
Kunitomi 2021 Intergenerational comparison of 5-HT3RA in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced

MDV

nausea and vomiting in gastric cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy:

years oldan observational study using a Japanese administrative claims database
Shibao 2020

Clinical Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Laparotomic Distal Gastrectomy in Gastric

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

MDV

Nationwide

2013

DPC

Nationwide

DPC

Health economics

Neoplasms

gastric cancer (ICD10: C16)

2010 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

gastric cancer

2016 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

head and neck cancer

20102013 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

head and neck cancer receiving platinumbased

Nationwide

2007

2014 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

patients underwent pharyngolaryngectomy

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

laryngeal cancer

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010 Socioeconomic comparison

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2012 Intervention effectCancer Patients: A Multilevel Analysis Based on a Nationwide Administrative Database inJapan
Yasunaga 2013 Outcomes after laparoscopic or open distal gastrectomy for early-stage gastric cancer: apropensity-matched analysis
Tahara 2020

Re-challenge of Platinum-based Chemotherapy for Platinum-refractory Patients with

Othersage ≥18 years

Othersage upon admission ≥18

Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: Claims Data Analysis in Japan
Suzuki 2016

Cerebral infarction after intraarterial and intravenous chemoradiotherapy for head andneck cancer: A retrospective analysis using a Japanese inpatient database

Suzuki 2018

Postoperative mechanical bowel obstruction after pharyngolaryngectomy forchemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy

hypopharyngeal cancer: Retrospective analysis using a Japanese inpatient database
Ichimiya 2011

Profiling of the care processes for laryngeal cancer with the Japanese administrative
database

Tsutsumi 2019 Impact of oral voriconazole during chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia andmyelodysplastic syndrome: a Japanese nationwide retrospective cohort study
Maeda 2014

Regional differences in performance of bone marrow transplantation, care-resource use

syndrome
Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

Adult T-cell leukemia

Neoplasms

hepatocellular carcinoma (ICD-10 code: C220)

Neoplasms

liver cancer

Neoplasms

hepatocellular carcinoma (C220)

Neoplasms

Hepatocellular carcinoma (ICD-10 code C220)

years

and outcome for adult T-cell leukaemia in Japan
Okinaga 2018

Short-Term Outcomes following Hepatectomy in Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular

Othersaged ≥20 years

Others≥20 years of age

Otherspatients aged ≥20 years

malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung (ICD- Others

as least 18 yeas of age

Carcinoma: An Analysis of 10,805 Septuagenarians and 2,381 Octo- and Nonagenarians
in Japan
Soma 2010[Treatment of liver cancer and DPC current situation in Japan]

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Medical treatment status

Sato 2017

Association between hospital volume and in-hospital mortality following radiofrequency

DPC

Global healthNationwide

2010

2012 Health policy evaluation andQuality of care

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Intervention effect

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2017 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

hepatocellular carcinoma (C220)

NDB

Nationwide

2010

2018 Research methodology

Health economics

Neoplasms

Hepatocellular carcinoma

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course ofIntervention effect

Neoplasms

hepatocellular carcinoma (C220)

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2009 Health policy evaluation and

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

consulting, Japanablation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Sato 2019In-hospital mortality associated with transcatheter arterial embolization for treatment ofutilization

hepatocellular carcinoma in patients on hemodialysis for end stage renal disease: amatched-pair cohort study using a nationwide database
Akada 2019

Database analysis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and treatment flow in early
and advanced stages

Fukuda 2020

Differences in healthcare expenditure estimates according to statistical approach: A
nationwide claims database study on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Sato 2012

Mortality and morbidity of hepatectomy, radiofrequency ablation, and embolization forhepatocellular carcinoma: a national survey of 54,145 patients

Yasunaga 2012 Relationship between hospital volume and operative mortality for liver resection: Datadiseasesfrom the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database
Shinkawa 2018 Mortality and morbidity after hepatic resection in patients undergoing hemodialysis:
analysis of a national inpatient database in Japan
Goto 2020

Neoplasms

liver resection

utilization
Neoplasms

diseases

Treatment Sequencing in Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small MDVIntervention effect

Diseases of the genitourinary

hepatic resection in patients undergoing

systemhemodialysis

Nationwide

2010

2017 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2014

2018 Intervention effect

Neoplasms
Neoplasms

lung cancer (ICD-10code: C34)

Nationwide

20182018 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

patients admitted who received operative

Nationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

Cell Lung Cancer in Japan: A Real-World Observational Study
Mori 2020

10: C34)

The role of heparin bridging in lung cancer surgery: a nationwide database analysis

DPC

Fujimoto 2019 Effect of combination of pre- and postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation on onset of

MDV

DPC data collected

postoperative pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study based on data from the diagnosis

by Medical Data

procedure combination database in Japan

VisionUrushiyama

Oral fluorouracil vs vinorelbine plus cisplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II-IIIA

2018

non-small cell lung cancer: Propensity score-matched and instrumental variable analyses

Urushiyama

Adjuvant chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy for small cell lung cancer with lymph

2017

node metastasis: a retrospective observational study with use of a national database inDPC

treatment for a new primary (ICD codes: C34)
patients with non-small cell lung cancer (ICD-

Others10codes: C340, C341, C342, C343, C348)

excluded patients aged
≤17 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

small cell lung cancer

Othersexcluded patients aged

Systemic Treatment Patterns With Advanced or Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in MDVNationwide

2008

2015 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

Non–small Cell Lung CanceOthersage ≥18 years

Othersexcluded patients aged

≤17 years

Japan
Wang 2017

Japan: A Retrospective Hospital Administrative Database Study
Sato 2017[Association between perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation and postoperative

DPC

QIP

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

lung cancer resection patients

DPC

QIP

Nationwide

2008

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Neoplasms

Non-small cell lung cancer patients (C34 )

DPC

JRCMC

Nationwide

2005

2008 Health policy evaluation andpneumonia in lung cancer resection patients : An analysis using Japanese administrative<18 years

database]
Kunisawa 2014 Survival analyses of postoperative lung cancer patients: an investigation using Japaneseadministrative data
Kondo 2012

Evaluation of the introduction of a diagnosis procedure combination system for patient

diseasesoutcome and hospitalisation charges for patients with hip fracture or lung cancer in Japan

92
Japanes

Neoplasms

utilization

Injury, poisoning and certain otherhip fracture or lung cancer

consequences of external causes

e Red
Cross
MedicalCentres
andcommunity
hospitals
Otake 2011

Impact of hospital volume on chest tube duration, length of stay, and mortality after
lobectomy

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2008 Health policy evaluation andutilization

Neoplasms

lung cancer

Uda 2018

Preoperative short-term plus postoperative physical therapy versus postoperative

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effectNationwide

2008

2017 Health economics

Nationwide

2012

2018 Health economics

Neoplasms

lung cancer

Neoplasms

ICD-10 diagnosis code for Follicular lymphoma

Othersaged 18 years or older

Othersat least 18-years-old ofphysical therapy alone for patients undergoing lung cancer surgery: retrospective analysis
of a nationwide inpatient database
Tsutsue 2021

Comparative effectiveness study of chemotherapy in follicular lymphoma patients in the

MDV

Medical treatment status

rituximab era: a Japanese claims database study
Ohno 2020(C82.x)Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment regimens with obinutuzumab plus chemotherapy Others

MDV, JMDC;

in Japan for untreated follicular lymphoma patients

localizing the model

Neoplasms

follicular lymphomaage

in US (Guzauskas etal. 2019)
Tsutsue 2020

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2017 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015

MDV

Nationwide

2016

2017 Medical treatment status

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2016 Medical treatment status

Medical database analysis of japanese multiple myeloma patients with planned stem cell MDVNationwide

2013

2016 Health economics

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2015

Neoplasms

Multiple Myeloma (ICD-10 code: C900）

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Prediction model

Neoplasms

musculoskeletal tumor

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

who underwent musculoskeletal tumor surgery

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Health policy evaluation and

Neoplasms

Treatment patterns in pancreatic cancer patients based on a hospital claims database in MDVNationwide

2010

2018 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

Nationwide

2010

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Neoplasms
Neoplasms

Nationwide claims database analysis of treatment patterns, costs and survival of

Health economics

Neoplasms

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Japanese patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Ikawa 2021

In-Hospital Complications After Surgery in Elderly Patients with Asymptomatic or Minor

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Symptom Meningioma: A Nationwide Registry Study
Kikuchi 2019

[The Usage of Acetylsalicylic Acid for Lenalidomide Medication in Patients with Multiple

Intervention effect Neoplasms

Asymptomatic or Minor Symptom Meningioma

diseases

Othersaged 18-90 years

Othersaged 20 years or older

Othersaged 18 years or older

pancreatic cancer

Othersexcluded aged below 20

pancreatic cancer (ICD10: C25)

Older persons

age ≥65 years

Othersaged ≥20 years

Othersbelow 75 years old(ICD-10 code: D32)
Neoplasms

multiple myeloma (ICD-10: C900)

Neoplasms

multiple myeloma (C90.0)

Neoplasms

multiple myeloma

Myeloma ―Survey on Actual Condition of Clinical Data Using MDVAnalyzer―]
Uno 2020

Current treatment patterns and medical costs for multiple myeloma in Japan: a cross-

Health economics

sectional analysis of a health insurance claims database
Iida 2021

transplantation (MEDALIST) - a focus on healthcare resource utilization and cost
Guan 2020

Treatment Patterns in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients in Japan Using A

Medical treatment status

Large-scale Claims Database: Retrospective Cohort Study
Ogura 2014

Nomogram predicting severe adverse events after musculoskeletal tumor surgery:

Intervention effectanalysis of a national administrative database
Ogura 2013

Incidence and risk factors for pulmonary embolism after primary musculoskeletal tumor
surgery

Ogura 2013

Impact of hospital volume on postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality after(C40-41, C47-49)

musculoskeletal tumor surgery: analysis of a national administrative database
Suzuki 2021

who underwent musculoskeletal tumor

utilization

surgery(C40-41, C47-49, C795)
Pancreatic cancer (ICD-10: C250–253 and C257

Japan
Umegaki 2018

The impact of low body mass index on postoperative outcomes in pancreatectomy

–259)
DPC

QIP

patients: a retrospective analysis of Japanese administrative data
Tarasawa 2018 [Comparative validation of hospital death by cancer from the viewpoint of presence ordiseases

years

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Neoplasms

absence of home medical care before hospitalization : Treatment contents and period todeath in pancreatic cancer cases based on DPC data]
Tsuda 2016

Complications and Postoperative Mortality Rate After Surgery for Pathological Femur
Fracture Related to Bone Metastasis: Analysis of a Nationwide Database

Tsuda 2015

[Predictors of early mortality in femur metastasis patients with pathological fracture :Analysis of DPC detabase]

Sawada 2020

Predictive factors of the 30-day mortality after surgery for spinal metastasis: Analysis of

diseases
DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Prediction modela nationwide database
Matsuda 2016

The Diagnosis Procedure Combination based situation analysis of surgical intervention

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2012 Health policy evaluation and

MDVNationwide

2008

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Factors affecting in-hospital mortality and likelihood of undergoing surgical resection in
The correlation between metastasis-free survival and overall survival in non-metastatic

M8445, C795)

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Pathological fracture, femur and pelvis (ICD-10

system and connective tissue

code: M8445, C795)

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

pathological spine fracture, bone metastasis

system and connective tissue
Neoplasms

Health economics

discharge cases of pituitary tumor

Neoplasms

Polycythemia vera

Neoplasms

primary cardiac tumors

Neoplasms

prostate cancer

diseases
DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2003

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course ofpatients with primary cardiac tumors
Mori 2019

pathological femur fracture (ICD-10 code:

system and connective tissue

utilization

factors, and health-care resource utilization in Japanese patients with polycythemia vera
Isogai 2017

Neoplasms

diseasesfor pituitary tumor in Japan
Komatsu 2020 Real-world, retrospective study evaluating thromboembolic events, associated risk

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases

castration resistant prostate cancer patients from the Medical Data Vision claims

diseases

database in Japan
Satoh 2018

The Economic Burden of Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer and Skeletal

Others2005

2016 Health economics

Neoplasms

metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer

Nationwide

2008

2016 Health economics

Neoplasms

prostate cancer (ICD-10 code: C61)

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Patient health service utilization

Neoplasms

malignant neoplasm of the prostate (code C61)

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2013 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Neoplasms

castration-resistant prostate cancer patients

Robot-assisted versus other types of radical prostatectomy: population-based safety and DPC

Health economics

Neoplasms

the main diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of

Neoplasms

prostate cancer

Neoplasms

prostatectomy, prostate cancer

Neoplasms

renal malignancy (C64)

Related Events in Japanese University Hospitals

Clinical Information

Others13

Statistical Analysis

universit(CISA) database:ycontains the

hospitalelectronic records ofsapproximately 2.5
million patients
Goto 2017

Cost analysis of leuprorelin acetate in Japanese prostate cancer patients: comparison

MDV

between 6-month and 3-month depot formulations

web-based survey todetermine theintangible costs

Sugihara 2017

Accessibility to surgical robot technology and prostate-cancer patient behavior for
prostatectomy

Kunisawa 2015 Realities in cost-effectiveness analyses: a study of castration-resistant prostate cancer
patients using a medical claims database
Sugihara 2014

Nationwide

2012

2013 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2010 Intervention effectComparisons of perioperative outcomes and costs between open and laparoscopic radical DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Intervention effect

Health economics

Socioeconomic comparison

cost comparison in Japan, 2012-2013
Sugihara 2013

Is mechanical bowel preparation in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy beneficial? An

the prostate (ICD-10 code C61)

analysis of a Japanese national database
Sugihara 2013

prostatectomy: a propensity-score matching analysis based on the Japanese Diagnosis
Procedure Combination database
Sugihara 2013

Wide range and variation in minimally invasive surgery for renal malignancy in Japan: a

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Medical treatment status

DPC

DPC Study Group

Nationwide

2007

2012 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

population-based analysis
Takagi 2014

Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a population-based

metastatic renal cell carcinoma (C64)analysis of perioperative outcomes according to clinical stage
Suzuki 2016

Factors Associated With Neck Hematoma After Thyroidectomy: A Retrospective Analysis
Using a Japanese Inpatient Database

Otherspatients undergoing thyroidectomy

Sugihara 2014

Performance comparisons in major uro-oncological surgeries between the USA and Japan DPC

Nationwide

USA and2009

2011 Medical treatment status

2006

2007 Health policy evaluation andSocioeconomic comparison

Neoplasms

uro-oncological surgeries

Neoplasms

nephrectomy or nephroureterectomy

Japan
Yasunaga 2010 Impact of hospital volume on postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality after

DPC

Nationwide

renal surgery: data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database
KanemuraThymic epithelial tumor treatment in Japan: analysis of hospital cancer registry and2020

insurance claims data, 2012-2014

Konishi 2020

Comparison of outcomes after differentiated thyroid cancer surgery performed with andutilization
Nationwide

2012

2014 Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

Thymic epithelial tumors

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

patients with thyroid cancer who underwent

MDV

Nationwide

2014

2017 Intervention effect

Neoplasms

patients who underwent thyroid cancer surgery

Othersage ≥20 years

Neoplasms

tongue cancer (ICD10code: C020, C021, C022

Otherspatients aged ≥20 years

DPC

HBCR+DPC

without energy devices: A population-based cohort study using a nationwide database inthyroidectomyJapan
Mizuno 2019

Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after thyroid cancer surgery and intraoperative nerve
monitoring

Mizuno 2020

Outcomes in patients diagnosed with tongue cancer before and after the age of 45 years

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2019 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Sugihara 2014

Factors affecting choice between ureterostomy, ileal conduit and continent reservoir

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Medical treatment status

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2019 Clinical epidemiology, course of

diseasesor C029)
Neoplasms

patients who underwent radical cystectomy forafter radical cystectomy: Japanese series
Akada 2021

Real-world database analysis of the characteristics and treatment patterns of patientsurothelial carcinoma

with endometrial cancer in Japan
Muramatsu

Description of Treatment of Uterus Cancer Based on the Japanese DPC Database

Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

endometrial and uterine cancers (C541, C549)

Neoplasms

uterus cancer

Diseases of the blood and blood-

Cold agglutinin disease

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersexcluded patients who

diseases
DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2008

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

20133) Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (D50-D89)
Kamesaki

Demographic characteristics, thromboembolism risk, and treatment patterns for patients MDV

2020

with cold agglutinin disease in Japan

Medical treatment status

diseasesforming organs and certain
disorders involving the immune
mechanism

Ohbe 2020

Underlying Disorders, Clinical Phenotypes, and Treatment Diversity among Patients with

DPC

Nationwide

2010

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Diseases of the blood and blood-

Pregnancy, childbirth and thedisseminated intravascular coagulation

forming organs and certain

puerperium(ICD10codes: D64, O450, O460, O723, O081)

Neoplasms

disseminated intravascular coagulation

were younger tha 18

disorders involving the immune

years of age

mechanism
Taniguchi 2020 Antithrombin use and mortality in patients with stage IV solid tumor-associated

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the blood and blood-

disseminated intravascular coagulation: a nationwide observational study in Japan

forming organs and certain(admitted with the stage Ⅳ soild tumors)disorders involving the immune
mechanism
Yamakawa

Time Trends of the Outcomes and Treatment Options for Disseminated Intravascular

2020

Coagulation: A Nationwide Observational Study in Japan

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Diseases of the blood and blood-

Pregnancy, childbirth and thepatients with disseminated intravascularforming organs and certain

puerperium

coagulation (ICD-10 codes: D65, O450, O460,

disorders involving the immune

Othersexcluded patients who
were younger than 18

O723, O081)

years of age

mechanism
Ichikawa 2019

[Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in neonatal DIC in Japan: analysis using a

DPC

DPCRI

Nationwide

2014

2016 Medical treatment status

diagnosis procedure combination database]Diseases of the blood and blood-

Certain conditions originating in the Disseminated intravascular coagulation

forming organs and certain

perinatal period

Children

0 years oldChildrenneonates

Othersaged ≥19 years

Others≥15 years of age

syndrome (D65, P60)

disorders involving the immune
mechanism
Murata 2017

Effects of longer use of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin on outcomes of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Intervention effect

Diseases of the blood and blood-

patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation based on a national administrative

forming organs and certain

database

disorders involving the immune

disseminated intravascular coagulation

mechanism
Araki 2019

Incidence and In-Hospital Mortality of Neonatal Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

DPC

Nationwide

2014

in Japan: An Observational Study of a Nationwide Hospital Claims Database2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Diseases of the blood and blood-

Certain conditions originating in the Neonatal Disseminated Intravascularforming organs and certain

perinatal period

Coagulation

Diseases of the blood and blood-

Injury, poisoning and certain otherheatstroke-induced disseminated intravascularforming organs and certain

consequences of external causes

coagulation

Diseases of the digestive system

sepsis-induced disseminated intravasculardisorders involving the immune
mechanism
Ohbe 2019

Treatment with Antithrombin or Thrombomodulin and Mortality from Heatstroke-Induced DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effect

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Nationwide Observational Study

disorders involving the immune
mechanism
Tagami 2015

Use of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in patients with sepsis-induced

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the blood and blood-

disseminated intravascular coagulation after intestinal perforation

forming organs and certain

coagulation after intestinal perforation

disorders involving the immune
mechanism
Tagami 2015

Supplemental dose of antithrombin use in disseminated intravascular coagulation

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the blood and blood-

patients after abdominal sepsis

Diseases of the digestive systemforming organs and certain

disseminated intravascular coagulation patients Othersage ≥15 years

after abdominal sepsis

disorders involving the immune
mechanism
Tagami 2015

Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin and mortality in severe pneumonia patients DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the blood and blood-with sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation: an observational

forming organs and certain

nationwide study

disorders involving the immune

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia and sepsis-associated

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

Childrenaged between 3 months

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

mechanism
Tagami 2014

Antithrombin and mortality in severe pneumonia patients with sepsis-associated

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the blood and blood-

disseminated intravascular coagulation: an observational nationwide study

Diseases of the respiratory systempatients with severe pneumonia with sepsisinduced Disseminated intravascular coagulation

forming organs and certain
disorders involving the immune
mechanism

Yamana 2016

Comparison of Procedure-Based and Diagnosis-Based Identifications of Severe Sepsis

DPC

and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Administrative Data

NHO, laboratory data Others

three

as a reference

hospital

20132014 Research methodologysDiseases of the blood and blood-

Certain infectious and parasitic

severe sepsis and disseminated intravascularforming organs and certain

diseasescoagulation

disorders involving the immune
mechanism

Okubo 2018

Recent trends in practice patterns and comparisons between immunoglobulin andcorticosteroid in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Diseases of the blood and blood-acute pediatric immune thrombocytopenia

forming organs and certain(ICD-10 code, D69.3)

disorders involving the immune
mechanismand 18 years

Wong 2021

Management of primary immune thrombocytopenia in a real-world setting in Japan:

MDV

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the blood and blood-

eltrombopag versus corticosteroids

immune thrombocytopenia

Othersaged ≥20 years

acromegary

Others≥20 years of age

Chronic adrenal insufficiency, adrenal crisis

Othersage ≥18 years

Adrenal crisis

Othersage ≥18 years

diabetes

Older persons

aged 75 years and older

diabetes, amputation

Othersaged 18–72 years

type 2 diabetes

Others≥18 years of age

type 2 diabetes

Othersaged 18 years or older

diabetes, heat failure, chronic kidney disase

Othersaged ≥18 years

Type 2 Diabetes

Others≥18 years of age

coronary artery disease and severe eye disease Others

18-72 years old

forming organs and certain
disorders involving the immune
mechanism

4) Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90)
Matsubayashi

Prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, and treatment patterns among Japanese patients

2020with acromegaly: a descriptive study using a nationwide claims database

Iwasaku 2019

Impact of underlying chronic adrenal insufficiency on clinical course of hospitalized

Nationwide

NDB

2012

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

2003

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

diseases
Otherspatients with adrenal crisis: A nationwide cohort study

data from a claims

Nationwide

database

145
acute

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases

metabolic diseases

phase
hospitals acrossJapan
Iwasaku 2017

Clinical characteristics of adrenal crisis in adult population with and without predisposing MDVNationwide

2003

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of2010

2010 Health policy evaluation andchronic adrenal insufficiency: a retrospective cohort study
Nakamura[Geographical distribution of primary care clinics for elderly ambulatory diabetic patients2015

in Ibaraki Prefecture]

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases
NHI/LSEHS

insurance claims

Prefecture

Ibaraki

database (latter-metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andutilization

metabolic diseases

stage elderly
healthcare system
data)
Horii 2021

On-label use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might increase the risk of

MDVNationwide

20182019 Intervention effectIkesu 2021

Trends in Diabetes Care during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan: an Observational Study MDVNationwide

20192020 Medical treatment status

Kaneko 2021

Rates and risk factors for amputation in people with diabetes in Japan: a historical cohort JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

20182018 Intervention effect

MDV

Nationwide

2014

2018 Health economics

Endocrine, nutritional anddiabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes

type 1 diabetes

metabolic diseases
COVID-19

Endocrine, nutritional anddiabetes

metabolic diseases
study using a nationwide claims database
Kaneko 2021

A Japanese Study Assessing Glycemic Control with Use of IDegAsp Co-formulation in

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andPatients with Type 2 Diabetes in Clinical Practice: The JAGUAR Study
Kohsaka 2021

Healthcare resource utilization after initiation of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andinhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or other glucose-lowering drugs inmetabolic diseases

Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Komuro 2021

Lower heart failure and chronic kidney disease risks associated with sodium-glucose

MDV

Nationwide

2014

2018 Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional andcotransporter-2 inhibitor use in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients without established

Othersmetabolic diseases

cardiovascular and renal diseases
Iketani 2021

[Identification of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Requiring Concentrated

JMDC

Nationwide

20182019 Medical treatment status

Endocrine, nutritional andPharmaceutical Management in Health Insurance] Pharmacies:Quantitative Evaluation

metabolic diseases

Using Administrative Claims Data
Harada 2020

Association of treatment-achieved HbA1c with incidence of coronary artery disease andJMDC

Nationwide

2008

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effectsevere eye disease in diabetes patients
Ihana-

Comparison of effectiveness and drug cost between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor andIntervention effectdiseases
Health economics

Sugiyama 2020 biguanide as the first-line anti-hyperglycaemic medication among Japanese working

Endocrine, nutritional andOthersmetabolic diseases

in diabetes patients

Endocrine, nutritional andtype 2 diabetes

Others20-69 years oldtype 2 diabetes

Older persons≥75 years of age

type 2 diabetes

Others≥30 years of age

type 2 diabetes

Others18-74 years old

diabetes initiating SGLT2 inihibitors

Others≥18 years of age

diabetes

Others≥18 years of age

diabetes

Others≥18 years of age

type 2 diabetes

Others≥40 years of age

metabolic diseases

generation with type 2 diabetes
Jiang 2020

Health Inequalities Among Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Japan

NHI/LSEHS

Fukuoka Prefecture

Prefecture

Fukuoka

2013

2016 Patient health service utilization

Socioeconomic comparison

Wide-Area

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Association of LatterStage Elderly
Healthcare
Kameda 2020

Use of oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese working-age patients with type 2 diabetes

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Medical treatment status

2010

2013 Health economics

2005

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Endocrine, nutritional andmellitus: dosing pattern for metformin initiators
Kawaguchi

Does disease management for diabetic nephropathy reduce medical expenditure?

2020

Evidence from a three-period difference-in-differences analysis

Kume 2020

Recent Epidemiological Status of Ocular and Other Major Complications Related tometabolic diseases
NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

Kure
city

JMDC

Nationwide

Systemic and ocular diseases associated with the development of diabetic macular

Nationwide

2005

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of2016

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

edema among Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus
Suzuki 2020

[Medical cost analysis for diabetes and complications in municipalities in Miyagi

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases
JMDC
NHI

Municipality

Prefecture]*Tomiyacity,

diabetes

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases
NHI/LSEHS

diabetic nephropathy

metabolic diseases

Diabetes Mellitus in Japan
Kume 2020

Endocrine, nutritional anddiabetic macular edema

metabolic diseases
Health economics

diseases

Endocrine, nutritional anddiabetes

metabolic diseases

Miyagi
Horii 2019

Determination of factors affecting medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2013 Patient health service utilization

Nationwide

2014

2017 Medical treatment status

Endocrine, nutritional andpatients using a nationwide claim-based database in Japan
Ito 2019

Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes Initiating Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2

metabolic diseases
OthersInhibitors (SGLT2i): Real-World Results from Three Administrative Databases in Japan

MDV, JMDC, Kyowa

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Kikaku Ltd. MediTrend

Ito 2019

Drug Utilization Patterns in Patients with Diabetes Initiating Sodium Glucose Co-

OthersTransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) in Japan: A Multi-Database Study (2014-2017)

MDV, JMDC, Kyowa

Nationwide

2014

2017 Medical treatment status

Endocrine, nutritional andKikaku Ltd. Medi-metabolic diseases

Trend
Ito 2019

Real-World Effectiveness of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors in Japanese

Others

MDV, JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Intervention effectNationwide

2005

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Endocrine, nutritional andPatients with Diabetes Mellitus
Kanai 2019metabolic diseases

Characteristics and Early Hypoglycemic Medications of Patients at Risk of Progression to JMDC
Type 2 Diabetes in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Health Checkup and Claims

Medical treatment status

diseases

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Data
Gouda 2018

Associations between eating habits and glycemic control and obesity in Japanese

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2013

2017 Intervention effectworkers with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ishii 2018

Comparative analysis between sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 inhibitors andEndocrine, nutritional anddiseasesdiabetes

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andbiguanides as add-on medications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving

type 2 diabetes

metabolic diseases

dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors-results from analysis of real-world clinical database
Kubota 2018

Penetration of new antidiabetic medications in East Asian countries and the UnitedStates: A cross-national comparative study

JMDC

Taiwan, Hong Kong,Japan, US

Nationwide

2006

2014 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

type 2 diabetes

Ebata-Kogure

Clinical and economic burdens experienced by patients with painful diabetic peripheral

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

2017

neuropathy: An observational study using a Japanese claims database

Chang 2016

Epidemiology of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients with metformin in JapanMDVNationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effectFukuda 2016

The Effects of Diagnostic Definitions in Claims Data on Healthcare Cost Estimates:

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2013 Health economics

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Patient health service utilization

Health economics

diseases

Endocrine, nutritional anddiabetic peripheral neuropathy

Others≥18 years of age

type 2 diabetes

Others≥18 years of age

type 2 diabetes

Others≥20 years of age

type 2 diabetes

Others18-65 years old

Others0-74 years oldmetabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases
Medical treatment status

Evidence from a Large-Scale Panel Data Analysis of Diabetes Care in Japan
Kurtyka 2016

Adherence to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy among type 2 diabetes patients

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andwith employer-sponsored health insurance in Japan
Heianza 2014

metabolic diseases

Impact on short-term glycaemic control of initiating diabetes care versus leaving diabetes JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2010 Medical treatment status

Intervention effectuntreated among individuals with newly screening-detected diabetes in Japan
Hidaka 2014

[Prescription and Quality of Diabetes Care Provided by Specialists and General

Endocrine, nutritional andEndocrine, nutritional anddiabetes

metabolic diseases
OthersPhysicians in Japan ―An Analysis of Insurance Claim and Health Checkup Data―]

SANYO Electric

OthersSANYOGroup HealthElectric

Insurance

Group

2012

2012 Medical treatment status

Health policy evaluation and

Endocrine, nutritional andutilization

metabolic diseases

diabetes(beneficiaries)

HealthInsuranceSuzuki 2014

[Examination of prescription status of new antidiabetic drugs using health insurance

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2012 Medical treatment status

20082010 Medical treatment status

Endocrine, nutritional andclaims data]*
Kimura 2012

Quantitative Evaluation of Compliance with Recommendation for Sulfonylurea Dose Co-

diabetes

Others20-75 years oldtype 2 diabetes

Others40-74 years old

Type 2 diabetes

Othersage ≥18 years

Type 2 diabetes

Othersage ≥18 years

diabetes

Othersage ≥20 years

patients with diabetic ketoacidosis

Othersage ≥20 years

metabolic diseases
OthersAdministered with DPP-4 Inhibitors in Japan

Nihon-Chouzai

Nationwide

Nihon-

pharmacy claims

Chouzai

database

pharmac

Health policy evaluation and

Endocrine, nutritional andutilization

metabolic diseases

diabetesy claims
database
Kubo 2011

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes among acute inpatients and its impact on length of

DPC

Nationwide

2008

hospital stay in Japan
Yanase 2011

[Utility Study of a Basic Database Collected from Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in 15

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases
MDV

Hospitals by Retrospective Analysis]

Patient Survey 2008

Nationwide(MHLW)

15

2006

type 2 diabetes

metabolic diseases

2010 Research methodology

Endocrine, nutritional andmedicaldiabetes

metabolic diseases

facilities
Kitazato 2010

[A Method of Investigate Medical Expenditure in Japan in Relationship of StageJMDC

Nationwide

Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complications and Macroangiopathy]

10

2003

2007 Research methodology

Endocrine, nutritional andhealthmetabolic diseases

insuranc
e unions
Nagai 2021

A Claims Database Analysis of Dose-Dependency of Metformin and Incidence of Lactic

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2018 Intervention effect

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2018 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Patient health service utilization

Endocrine, nutritional andAcidosis in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Nagai 2021

Effects of Increasing Metformin Dose vs Adding/Switching to Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andInhibitors on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Okada 2021

Association between nutritional guidance or ophthalmological examination andmetabolic diseases
Quality of carediscontinuation of physician visits in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: A

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

retrospective cohort study using a nationwide database
Okada 2021

Potassium Concentration in Initial Fluid Therapy and In-Hospital Mortality of Patients

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect2009

2019 Research methodology

Endocrine, nutritional andwith Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Okui 2021

metabolic diseases

Performance evaluation of case definitions of type 1 diabetes for health insurance claims Others

Electronic healthcare Othersadata in Japan

records data andUniversi

health insurancetyclaims data in a

Hospital

Endocrine, nutritional andtype 1 diabetes

metabolic diseases

hospital
Nishioka 2020

Non-financial social determinants of diabetes among public assistance recipients in

OthersJapan: A cohort study

medical assistance

Municipality

twoclaim data, municipal

suburbapublic assistancen

databases

municip2016

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofSocioeconomic comparison

diseases

Endocrine, nutritional anddiabetes

metabolic diseases

alities,
Osaka
and
Tokyo
Nishioka 2020

Incidence and seasonality of type 1 diabetes: a population-based 3-year cohort study

NDB

Nationwide

2013

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2015

2018 Medical treatment statususing the National Database in JapanOh 2020

Comparison of persistence and adherence between DPP-4 inhibitor administration

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases

Type 1 diabetes

age groups

metabolic diseases
Patient health service utilization

frequencies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan: a claims-based cohort

Endocrine, nutritional andtype 2 diabetes

Othersage ≥18 years

diabetes

Othersaged 18-74 years

type 2 diabetes

Othersaged ≥18 years

diabetes

Othersaged 40-64 years

type 2 diabetes

Othersaged ≥18 years

type 2 diabetes

Othersaged ≥18 years

diabetes

Othersaged ≥20 years

diabetes

Othersaged ≥18 years

diabetes

Othersaged 20-69 years

metabolic diseases

study
Yaguchi 2020

Skipping breakfast, late-night eating and current smoking are associated with medication JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2014 Patient health service utilization

Nationwide

2012

2016 Medical treatment status

2011

2013 Patient health service utilization

Endocrine, nutritional andadherence in Japanese patients with diabetes
Morita 2019

Treatment patterns of drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective

metabolic diseases
MDV

Endocrine, nutritional andcohort study using a Japanese hospital database
Nishi 2019

Association between income levels and irregular physician visits after a health checkup,

metabolic diseases
JHIA

and its consequent effect on glycemic control among employees: A retrospective

Treatment patterns, persistence and adherence rates in patients with type 2 diabetes

Prefecture

Fukuoka

Socioeconomic comparison

the Japanese Healthpropensity score-matched cohort study
Nishimura

Fukuoka branch of

metabolic diseases

Insurance Association
Others

JMDC, MDV

Nationwide

2011

2015 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

2019

mellitus in Japan: a claims-based cohort study

NishimuraComparison of persistence and adherence between fixed-dose combinations and two-pill Others

JMDC, MDV

Nationwide

2011

2015 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

2019

combinations in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
NDB

Nationwide

2015

2016 Quality of care

Socioeconomic comparison

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Research methodology

Sugiyama 2019 Variation in process quality measures of diabetes care by region and institution in Japan
Analysis on Real World Data (RWD) using a machine learning model-exploration of the
Changes in the quality of diabetes care in Japan between 2007 and 2015: A repeatedcross-sectional study using claims data

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

factors affecting the utility of oral hypoglycemic agents
Tanaka 2019

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

during 2015-2016: An observational study of nationwide claims data
Suzuki 2019

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseasesJMDC

Nationwide

2006

2016 Quality of care

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Ukai 2019

Effectiveness of monthly and bimonthly follow-up of patients with well-controlled type 2

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

Tsu city

2011

2014 Intervention effect

Medical treatment status

20142016 Intervention effect

Medical treatment status

diabetes: a propensity score matched cohort study
Zhou 2019

Identification of subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes with differences in renal

Endocrine, nutritional andtype 2 diabetes

metabolic diseases
MDV

Nationwide

function preservation, comparing patients receiving sodium-glucose co-transporter-2

Endocrine, nutritional andtype 2 diabetes

Othersaged ≥18 years

type 2 diabetes

Othersaged ≥18 years

type 2 diabetes

Othersaged ≥18 years

Type 2 diabetes

Othersaged ≥18 years

Diabetes, Diabetic ketoacidosis

Othersaged 20–74 years

Othersaged 40–74 years

Type 2 diabetes

Othersaged 40–70 years

diabetes

Othersaged 20–69 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

metabolic diseases

inhibitors with those receiving dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, using a supervisedmachine-learning algorithm (PROFILE study): A retrospective analysis of a Japanesecommercial medical database
Nishimura

Efficacy of metformin add-on therapy to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in Japanese2018

patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in real-world clinical practice settings: A

MDVNationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

retrospective analysis of a health insurance administrative claims database
Nishimura

Effectiveness of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor as add-on therapy to metformin and of MDV

2018

dose-escalation of metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in real-Nationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

world clinical practice settings a retrospective analysis of a medical information database
Suzuki 2018

Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Economic Outcomes of Patients Initiating

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2015 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Injectable Medications for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan: Results

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

from a Retrospective Claims Database Analysis
Takeuchi 2018 Population-based incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes: medical claims

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2016 Medical treatment status

2016

2016 Health economics

data analysis in Japan
Tamura 2018

A study on the prescription status of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andType 2 diabetes

metabolic diseases

type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan: An analysis of time trends by use of a health insurance
administrative claims database
Yamashita[The Differences between the Two Island Towns in Medical Expenses of the National

2018

Health Insurance Concerning about Diabetes]

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

Okinoshi

Endocrine, nutritional andma-choDiabetes

metabolic diseases

andAmacho in
the Okiislands
Ono 2017

Impact of clinic follow-up visits on body weight control in people with prediabetes or

JMDC

Nationwide

2013

2014 Medical treatment status

Intervention effectdiabetes mellitus: Japanese nonelderly cohort study
Tamura 2017

A study on the prescription status of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with

Endocrine, nutritional andDiabetes

metabolic diseases
JMDC

Nationwide

2016

2016 Medical treatment status

Endocrine, nutritional andtype 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan: An analysis of data from health insurance

Type 2 diabetes

metabolic diseases

administrative claims
Tanabe 2017

Prescription of oral hypoglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A

MDVNationwide

2008

2013 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Quality of care

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2010 Medical treatment status

2006

2007 Quality of care

Endocrine, nutritional andretrospective cohort study using a Japanese hospital database
Tanaka 2016

Process quality of diabetes care under favorable access to healthcare: a 2-year

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andlongitudinal study using claims data in Japan
Kishi 2013

[Hypoglycemia due to the Combination of Sitagliptin and a SU Drug, and Changes in themetabolic diseases

Daily Dose of the SU Drug Based on the New Safety Measures]
Tomio 2010

Quality of care for diabetes patients using National Health Insurance claims data in

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

Japan

two
separate

Health policy evaluation and

Endocrine, nutritional andutilization

metabolic diseases

diabetes

Endocrine, nutritional anddiabetes

metabolic diseases

towns in
Kumam
oto
Prefectu
reKosiborod

Cardiovascular Events Associated With SGLT-2 Inhibitors Versus Other Glucose-

2018

Lowering Drugs: The CVD-REAL 2 StudyMDVNationwide

6

2013

2017 Intervention effectcountrie

Endocrine, nutritional andtype 2 diabetes (New users of SGLT-2i andmetabolic diseases

oGLDs)s
Kohro 2013

Trends in antidiabetic prescription patterns in Japan from 2005 to 2011

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2011 Medical treatment status

Yabe 2015

Use of the Japanese health insurance claims database to assess the risk of acute

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2013 Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional anddiabetes mellitus

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the digestive systemdiabetes, acute pancreatitis

Othersaged 30-74 years

Diseases of the digestive systemdiabetes, acute pancreatitis

Othersaged 18 years or more

Diseases of the circulatory system

type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular andOthers≥40 years of age

metabolic diseases
pancreatitis in patients with diabetes: comparison of DPP-4 inhibitors with other oral

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

antidiabetic drugs
Urushihara

Increased Risk of Acute Pancreatitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational

2012

Study Using a Japanese Hospital Database

Kaku 2019

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Empagliflozin in Japan Based on Results From the Asian

MDV

Nationwide

2003

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2016

2017 Health economics

20182018 Research methodology

diseases

subpopulation in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial
Fujihara 2021

Accuracy of Japanese claims data in identifying diabetes-related complications

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

DPC

electronic medical

OthersNiigatachart reviews as the

Universi

gold standardty

Endocrine, nutritional andrenal event
Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetesrelated complications

Diseases of the circulatory system

type 2 diabetes, adverse cardiovascular events

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetes, cardiovascular disease

Diseases of the circulatory system

Diabetes, cardiovascular, renal

Othersaged 18 years or older

Diseases of the circulatory system

Diabetes, acute coronary syndrome

Othersaged ≥35 years

metabolic diseases

Medical& Dental
Hospital
Kohsaka 2020

Incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after

NHI/LSEHS

initiation of glucose-lowering agents: A population-based community study from the

Shizuoka Kokuho

Prefecture

database

Shizuok20132018 Intervention effectaEndocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Shizuoka Kokuho database
Komamine

Cardiovascular risks associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors monotherapy

2019

compared with other antidiabetes drugs in the Japanese population: A nationwide cohort

NDB

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional andage categories

metabolic diseases

study
Seino 2021

Cardiovascular and renal effectiveness of empagliflozin in routine care in East Asia:

MDV

Nationwide

Results from the EMPRISE East Asia study(Japan,20142018 Intervention effectSouth

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Korea
and
Taiwan)Nishioka 2020

Absolute risk of acute coronary syndrome after severe hypoglycemia: A population-based NDB
2-year cohort study using the National Database in Japan

Nationwide

2014

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Ono 2020

Validity of Claims Diagnosis Codes for Cardiovascular Diseases in Diabetes Patients in

OthersJapanese Administrative Database

HCEI, patient-level

Nationwide(approxi

electronic medical

matelyrecord and claims

200

data

2006

2018 Research methodology

Endocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the circulatory system

Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases

Diseases of the circulatory system

Coronary artery disease risk with and without

metabolic diseases

hospitals)
Nationwide

2008

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Yamada-Relationship Between Number of Multiple Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Disease Risk JMDC

Harada 2019

With and Without Diabetes Mellitus

Yamada 2016

Postoperative outcomes of major lower extremity amputations in patients with diabetes

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andand peripheral artery disease: analysis using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination

Othersaged 18 to 72 years

Othersaged 18–74 years

Othersage >18 years

diabetes mellitus
Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetes, peripheral artery disease

Diseases of the circulatory system

Type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia, cardiovascular

metabolic diseases

database in Japan
Goto 2016[Association between severe hypoglycemia and the onset of cardiovascular disease in

Nishi 2014

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseasespatients with type 2 diabetes: A study using multiple definitions of severe hypoglycemia]*
Risk of hospitalization for diabetic macrovascular complications and in-hospital mortality NHI/LSEHS

Fukuoka Nationalwith irregular physician visits using propensity score matching

Health Insurance

Prefecture

Fukuoka

2009

2010 Intervention effectdiseasemetabolic diseases
Patient health service utilization

Endocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the circulatory systemdiabetic macrovascular complications

Diseases of the circulatory system

hyperlipidemia patients with diabetes mellitus

metabolic diseases

Organization
Wake 2019

Adherence and persistence to hyperlipidemia medications in patients with atherosclerotic Others

JMDC and MDVNationwide

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

cardiovascular disease and those with diabetes mellitus based on administrative claims

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

or prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

data in Japan
Nagar 2018

Treatment Patterns, Statin Intolerance, and Subsequent Cardiovascular Events AmongJMDCNationwide

2006

2014 Medical treatment status

2000

2005 Health economics

Intervention effectJapanese Patients With High Cardiovascular Risk Initiating Statin Therapy
Ide 2010

Relationships between diabetes and medical and dental care costs: findings from a

Endocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the circulatory system

metabolic diseases
Othersworksite cohort study in Japana mutual aid

Prefectureaassociation (periodic

prefectu

health examinations

re inand biennial oral

southweexaminations)

Endocrine, nutritional andatherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, diabetes Others

at least 18 years of age

mellitus
Diseases of the digestive systemdiabetes, medial and dental care costs

Others40-54 years old

Diseases of the digestive system

Diabetes, periodontal

Othersaged ≥35 years

Diseases of the digestive system

Diabetes, periodontitis

Othersaged 50-74 years

Diseases of the digestive systemdiabetes, tooth loss

Othersaged 50–74 years

Diseases of the digestive systemdiabetes, decayed teeth

Othersaged 40-59 years

Diseases of the digestive system

periodontal treatment, type 2 diabetes mellitus Older persons

aged 75 or 80 years

Endocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the genitourinary

Diabetes, dialysis

Othersaged 19-72 years

metabolic diseases

systemEndocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the genitourinary

diabetes, Dialysis

Othersaged 19-72 years

metabolic diseases

systemEndocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the genitourinary

metabolic diseases

systemmetabolic diseases

stern
Japan

Shin 2021

Effects of periodontal management for patients with type 2 diabetes on healthcare

NHI/LSEHS

National HealthPrefectureaexpenditure, hospitalization and worsening of diabetes: an observational study using

Insurance (NHI) andprefectu

medical, dental and pharmacy claims data in Japanthe Medical Care

re

2015

2016 Intervention effect

Health economics

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

System for the
Elderly
Suzuki 2021

Evaluation of Public Health Expenditure by Number of Teeth among Outpatients with

NDB

Nationwide

2015

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

NDB

Nationwide

2015

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2013

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of2014

2014 Medical treatment status

Diabetes Mellitus
Suzuki 2020

Evaluation of tooth loss among patients with diabetes mellitus using the National
Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan

Suzuki 2019

Relationship between Blood HbA1c Level and Decayed Teeth in Patients with Type 2
Association between dental visits for periodontal treatment and type 2 diabetes mellitus

MinaCare (results ofdental examinations)

NHI/LSEHS

in an elderly Japanese cohort

late- stage medical

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases
PrefectureMiecare system for the

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

diseases
OthersDiabetes: A Cross-sectional Study
Saito 2017

Health economics

diseases

metabolic diseases
Clinical epidemiology, course of

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases

metabolic diseases

older population
Osawa 2021

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Osawa 2019

Severity of hypertension as a predictor of initiation of dialysis among study participantsHigher pulse pressure predicts initiation of dialysis in Japanese patients with diabetes

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Ebihara 2019

[A fact-finding survey of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes and the introduction

NHI/LSEHS

2015

2016 Medical treatment status

with and without diabetes mellitus

diseasesdiseasesof new dialysis in Miyazaki Prefecture]*

National HealthPrefecture

MiyazakiInsurance and Later-

Diabetes, dialysis

Stage Elderly
Healthcare System
Nogami 2017

Risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:

MDV

Nationwide

2010

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2011 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2013 Patient health service utilization

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Intervention effectretrospective cohort study
Ooba 2017

Lipid-lowering drugs and risk of new-onset diabetes: a cohort study using Japanesediseaseshealthcare data linked to clinical data for health screening
Kawamura

Influence of comorbidities on the implementation of the fundus examination in patients2018with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

Kawasaki 2018 Lipid-lowering medication is associated with decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy and

Endocrine, nutritional andDiabetes, disseminated intravascular

Othersaged 18–79 years

metabolic diseases

coagulation

Endocrine, nutritional andDiabetes, lipid-lowering drugs

Othersaged 20 to 74 years

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

type 2 diabetes, diabetic eye examination

Others>20 years of age

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy

Others≥18 years of age

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

diabetic retinopathy

Othersaged 19-72 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetes, heart failure, edema

Diseases of the circulatory system

Chronic Disease Care (hypertension, diabetes)

Othersat least 20 years old

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia

Older persons≥75 years of age

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andthe need for treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A real-world observational

metabolic diseases

analysis of a health claims database
Yamamoto

Pulse Pressure is a Stronger Predictor Than Systolic Blood Pressure for Severe Eye

2019

Diseases in Diabetes Mellitus

Roughead

Variation in Association Between Thiazolidinediones and Heart Failure Across Ethnic

2015

Groups: Retrospective analysis of Large Healthcare Claims Databases in Six Countries

JMDC

Nationwide

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

2005

2010 Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases
Australia

metabolic diseases
Socioeconomic comparison, Hong

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Kong,Japan,
Korea
andTaiwanSekimoto 2015 Supplier-Induced Demand for Chronic Disease Care in Japan: Multilevel Analysis of the

JHIA

Association between Physician Density and Physician-Patient Encounter Frequency

patient surveys

Nationwide

2013(MHLW),

Mitsutake

Association of pharmacological treatments for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia

2020

with health checkup participation and identification of disease control factors among

Association ofolder adults in Tokyo, Japan

NHI/LSEHS

Tokyo Extended
Medical Care forLatter-Stage Older
People2013 Health policy evaluation and

Health economics

utilization
Prefecture

Tokyo

2013

2014 Medical treatment status

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Patient health service utilization

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Hashiguchi

Occupational Health Services Improve Effective Coverage for Hypertension and Diabetes Others

general medical exam Others

a

2019

Mellitus at Japanese Companies

data, humangeneralresources

electoric

information, andal

medical claims data

manufac(at a general

turer

2011

2012 Health policy evaluation and

Endocrine, nutritional andutilization

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetes, hypertension

Others40-59 years old

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension

Others40-74 years old

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension

Diseases of the circulatory system

dyslipidemia, hypertension

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiabetes, hypertension

Othersaged 40-59 years

type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia

Others≥18 years of age

type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia

Others>20 years of age

Diseases of the digestive system

type 2 diabetes, ileus

Others≥40 years of age

Diseases of the respiratory system

type 1 diabetes, influenza

Endocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the genitourinary

type 2 diabetes, Kidney outcomes

Othersage 18 years or older

metabolic diseases

systemEndocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the genitourinary

diabetic kidney disease

Others≥40 years of age

metabolic diseases

systemEndocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the genitourinary

Diabetes, non-diabetic kidney diseases

Othersage ≥18 years

metabolic diseases

systemEndocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the genitourinary

diabetes, Renal Replacement Therapy

Othersaged 40-74 years

metabolic diseases

systemEndocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the genitourinary

diabetes, overt proteinuria, moderately reduced

metabolic diseases

systemeGFR

Endocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the digestive system

Type 2 Diabetes, liver disease

Others≥18 years of age

Endocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the musculoskeletal

diabetes, osteoporosis

Othersaged 50 years or older

metabolic diseases

system and connective tissue

Endocrine, nutritional andDiseases of the genitourinary

Diabetes, urinary tract infection (UTI)

Othersaged ≥40 years

metabolic diseases

systemdyslipidemia

Othersaged 20–74 years

dyslipidemia

Othersaged ≥20 years

metabolic diseases

electricalmanufacturer)
Hara 2018

Association measures of claims-based algorithms for common chronic conditions wereJMDC

Nationwide

2013

2015 Prediction model

2012

2013 Research methodology

assessed using regularly collected data in Japan
Fujita 2015

Validity assessment of self-reported medication use by comparing to pharmacy insurance NHI/LSEHS

NHI (self-reported

claimsquestionnaire

Municipality

Chiba

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andCity

metabolic diseases

required in the healthcheck-up)
Katada 2012

[Medication Adhesion to Calcium Channel Blocker and HMG－CoA Reductase lnhibitor in Others

pharmacy claims data Nationwide

Patients with Diabetes and Beneficial Effects of a Single Pill Amlodipine/Atorvastatin]

pharmac2011

2011 Patient health service utilization

Endocrine, nutritional andy claims

metabolic diseases

data
(100
dispensa
ries)
Katada 2012

[Adherence and Persistence of a Single Pill Amlodipine/Atorvastatin vs. Two Pill

Otherspharmacy claims data Nationwide

Regimen Based on Japanese Health lnsurance Claims]

pharmac2011

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ries)
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Association between mandatory health examination attendance and diabetes treatment

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Patient health service utilization

MDV

Nationwide

2014

2019 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2008

2014 Health economics

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Endocrine, nutritional andinitiation among employees being treated for hypertension
Horii 2020

Real-world risk of hypoglycemia-related hospitalization in Japanese patients with type 2

metabolic diseases

diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors: a nationwide cohort study
Ikeda 2019

Retrospective analysis of medical costs and resource utilization for severe hypoglycemic

Intervention effectdiseases

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andevents in patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan
Ikeda 2018

Incidence rate and patient characteristics of severe hypoglycemia in treated type 2

Endocrine, nutritional anddiabetes, hypoglycemic events

metabolic diseases

diabetes mellitus patients in Japan: Retrospective Diagnosis Procedure Combination

Endocrine, nutritional anddiseases

metabolic diseases

database analysis
Bennett 2016

Association between therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and risk of

MDVNationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

NDB

Nationwide

2013

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of2014

2017 Intervention effect2011

2013 Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional andileus: a cohort study
Nishioka 2021

Association between influenza and the incidence rate of new-onset type 1 diabetes inmetabolic diseases

Japan
Heerspink

Kidney outcomes associated with use of SGLT2 inhibitors in real-world clinical practice2020(CVD-REAL 3): a multinational observational cohort study

Miyazaki 2015 Does antihypertensive treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors prevent the

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Nationwide

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Prefecturedevelopment of diabetic kidney disease?

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ShizuokaOno 2020

Association Between Routine Nephropathy Monitoring and Subsequent Change in

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Quality of careIntervention effect

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Japanese
Non-Elderly Cohort Study
Sugiyama 2019 Risk-Stratified Incidence of Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation: A Longitudinal

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

Analysis Using Medical Claims and Health Checkup Dataa large

2012

city

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

diseases

withintheTokyo
Yamamoto

Overt Proteinuria, Moderately Reduced eGFR and Their Combination Are Predictive of

2019

Severe Diabetic Retinopathy or Diabetic Macular Edema in Diabetes

Chang 2020

Incidence and causes of mildly to moderately elevated aminotransferase in Japanese

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2010

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

diseasespatients with type 2 diabetes
Sato 2016

Fracture risk and healthcare resource utilization and costs among osteoporosis patients

diseases
MDV

Nationwide

2008

with type 2 diabetes mellitus and without diabetes mellitus in Japan: retrospective

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

metabolic diseases
Health economics

diseases

analysis of a hospital claims database
Takeuchi 2021 Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of urinary tract infection among

NDB

Nationwide

2014

2015 Intervention effectdiabetic patients in Japan: Target trial emulation using a nationwide administrative
claims database
Nozawa 2021

Antidyslipidemic Drug Prescriptions and Lipid Control Status After Unfavorable Annual

Others

MinaCareNationwide

2015

2017 Patient health service utilization

Endocrine, nutritional and

Health Checkup Results: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Health Insurance

metabolic diseases

Database
Umeda 2019

Wake 2018

Medication Adherence/Persistence and Demographics of Japanese Dyslipidemia Patients Others

the IQVIA Nationalon Statin-Ezetimibe as a Separate Pill Combination Lipid-Lowering Therapy - An

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Observational Pharmacy Claims Database Study

database

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2015

2018 Patient health service utilization

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2014

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Nationwide

2012

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Quality of carein JapanUmeda 2018

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goal Attainment Rates by Initial Statin

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Othersaged ≥18 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

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Othersaged ≥20 years

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0–18 years of age

metabolic diseases

system and connective tissue

metabolic diseases
MDV

Monotherapy Among Patients With Dyslipidemia and High Cardiovascular Risk in Japan -Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

A Retrospective Database Analysis
Ito 2020

Prevalence of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia in the pediatric population: a cross- JMDC
sectional study of a Japanese health insurance database

Nationwide

2016

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Medical treatment status

Koto 2020

Real-world treatment of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A cross-sectional study

JMDC

Nationwide

2016

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2013

2013 Medical treatment status

of Japanese health insurance claims data
Hakoda 2019

Increasing trend of asymptomatic hyperuricemia under treatment with urate-loweringdrugs in Japan

Teramoto 2018 Treatment Patterns and Lipid Profile in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia in

Medical treatment status

diseasesdiseasesHospitalization with hypoglycemia in patients without diabetes mellitus: A retrospective

Nationwide

DPC

2008

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2008

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2008

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Hyperuricemia Using a

OthersNationwide

2010

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2005

2010 Patient health service utilization

Health economics

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Predictors of hyperglycaemic individuals who do not follow up with physicians after

2014

screening in Japan: a cohort study

Tatebe 2020

Hypoglycemia associated with pivalate-conjugated antibiotics in young children: A[A cause for age-dependent differences in the frequency of hyperuricemia–An analysis
Risk factors affecting the failed low-density lipoprotein level achievement rate in

Endocrine, nutritional andEndocrine, nutritional anddiseases
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Othersaged ≥20 years

hypoglycemia

Othersaged ≥15 years

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Othersaged ≥18 years

hyperkalemia

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Othersaged 20 to 68 years

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metabolic diseases

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2011

2013 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2008

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2004

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Nationwide

2014

2015

Nationwide

2010

2013 Health economics

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metabolic diseases
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utilizing a database of health insurance claims]
Momo 2019

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retrospective study using a medical and pharmacy claims database in Japan
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Othersgout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia

metabolic diseases
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diseases

Tsujimurasystem and connective tissue

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2019
Higa 2020

metabolic diseases

gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia

metabolic diseases

Hyperkalemia in Real-World Patients Under Continuous Medical Care in Japan

Clinical and Economic Burden of Hyperkalemia: A Nationwide Hospital-Based Cohort

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

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Study in Japan
Kashiharasystem and connective tissue

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

study using a national inpatient database in Japan, 2008-2012
Kanda 2020

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

metabolic diseases

Endocrine, nutritional andJapan
Sako 2017

Endocrine, nutritional andEndocrine, nutritional anddiseases

metabolic diseases
Patient health service utilization

working-age male population at high cardiovascular risk

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Ibayashi 2020

[A descriptive study of mitochondrial diseases using DPC data]*

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Nishikawa

Combined Associations of Body Mass Index and Metabolic Health Status on Medical and Others

health insurance

2020

Dental Care Days and Costs in Japanese Male Employees: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study

claims data; the Kobe

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Otherspituitary surgery

Steel Health
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Okamoto 2013 [Evaluation of the health check up and guidance program through linkage with health

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insurance claims]

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2008

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metabolic diseases

Care System for theLate Elderly
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Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondaryJMDC

Nationwide

2008

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1997

2007 Health economics

2012

2016 Health economics

2009

2013 Health economics

analysis of longitudinal health check-up data
Takeuchi 2010 [Relationship between community-based dental health programs and health care costs

NHI

Prefecture

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Prefecture

for the metabolic syndrome]
Fujita 2018

Medical costs attributable to overweight and obesity in Japanese individuals

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Okayama
Chiba

Endocrine, nutritional andutilization

metabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andCity
Sairenchi 2017 Impact and attribute of each obesity-related cardiovascular risk factor in combination

Ibaraki

obesitymetabolic diseases
Health policy evaluation andmetabolic diseases
Endocrine, nutritional andwith abdominal obesity on total health expenditures in adult Japanese National Healthmetabolic diseases

insurance beneficiaries: The Ibaraki Prefectural health study
Itoh 2021

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Hattori 2020

Metabolically Healthy Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the General
Pituitary surgery's epidemiology using a national inpatient database in Japan

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016

Senda 2020

Early administration of glucocorticoid for thyroid storm: analysis of a national

DPC

Nationwide

2013

2017 Intervention effect

MDV

Nationwide

2009

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

20132016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Population - Analysis of a Nationwide Epidemiological Database

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Intervention effect Endocrine, nutritional andage group

metabolic diseases
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A survey on total parenteral nutrition in 55,000 hospitalized patients: Retrospective

2020

cohort study using a medical claims database

Ogawa 2019

Malnutrition-Related Health Care Cost in Japan: An Analysis of Health Insurance Claims

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Data

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thyroid storm

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Health economics

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metabolic diseases

associated malnutrition

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rickets

Health policy evaluation and

Mental, Behavioral andutilization

Neurodevelopmental disorders

all ages

ut JapanNationwide

2005

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesChildrenaged 0 to 15 years

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Childrenaged 2 to 17 years

ADHD (ICD-10 code: F900)

Children5) Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders (F00-F99)
Obara 2015

Prescription of drugs for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2010 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2015

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral and

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2015

Medical treatment status

Health economics Mental, Behavioral and

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010

Clinical epidemiology, course ofJapan: a study based on health insurance claims data
Yoshida 2020

Drug Prescriptions for Children With ADHD in Japan: A Study Based on Health Insurance
Claims Data Between 2005 and 2015

Imagawa 2018 Treatment patterns, health care resource utilization, and costs in Japanese adults withattention-deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with atomoxetine
Nakamura

Body mass index and in-hospital mortality in anorexia nervosa: data from the Japanese

2013

Diagnosis Procedure Combination database

aged 1 to 17 years

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Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

anorexia nervosaat least 18 years of age

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Association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and congenital anomalies in

Sasaki 2020children: A retrospective cohort study based on Japanese claims data

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Intervention effectMental, Behavioral andCongenital malformations,

Neurodevelopmental disorders

deformations and chromosomal

congenital anomaly, antidepressantsabnormalities
Yamamoto-

Association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder JMDC

Sasaki 2019in children: a retrospective cohort study based on Japanese claims data

Ishikawa 2020

Antidepressant prescriptions for prenatal and postpartum women in Japan: A health

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Intervention effectNationwide

2005

2016

Medical treatment status

administrative database study
Ogino 2020

Impact of class-level labelling change on prescriptions of antidepressants for

JMDC

adolescents: An interrupted time-series study using a health insurance claims database

Vital Statistics

Nationwide

2005

2013 Health policy evaluation andrecords

utilization

Mental, Behavioral andPregnancy, childbirth and theantidepressant use during pregnancy and

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puerperium

autism spectrum disorder in children

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puerperium

postpartum women

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antipsychotic prescriptions

Others

18–64 years old, ≥65

antipsychotics among older adults with

Older persons

aged 10 to 24 years(target population)

Neurodevelopmental disorders

in Japan, 2005-2013
Su 2020

Incidence, prevalence and prescription patterns of antipsychotic medications use in Asia

JMDC

Nationwide

and US: A cross-nation comparison with common data modelTaiwan,

2007

2014

Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison Mental, Behavioral andHong

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Kong,
Japan,and theUnitedStates
Kochi 2017

Trends in antipsychotic prescriptions for Japanese outpatients during 2006-2012: a

Othersdescriptive epidemiological study

claims data from

Nationwide

2006

2012

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral and1038 community

years old

Neurodevelopmental disorders

pharmacies
Kuroda 2019

Antipsychotic use and related factors among people with dementia aged 75 years or

NHI/LSEHS

older in Japan: A comprehensive population-based estimation using medical and long-

medical and LTC

Municipality

data

a

2012

2013

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral andmiddle-term care data

Diseases of the nervous system

Neurodevelopmental disorders

dementia

over 75 years (65 to 74
years)

sized
suburban city intheTokyo
metropolitan

Okumura 2018 Glucose and Prolactin Monitoring in Children and Adolescents Initiating Antipsychotic

NDB

Nationwide

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

Therapy
Takeuchi 2015 Atypical Antipsychotics and the Risk of Hyperlipidemia: A Sequence Symmetry Analysis

JMDC

Takahashi

Factors associated with high-dose antipsychotic prescriptions in outpatients withNHI/LSEHS

2020

schizophrenia: An analysis of claims data from a Japanese prefecture

Nationwide
National HealthPrefecturea single

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re

2005

2013

Intervention effect

2014

2015

Medical treatment status

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metabolic diseases

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Neurodevelopmental disorders

outpatients with schizophrenia

Childrenaged ≤18 years

Othersaged 18 years and older

Othersaged ≥15 years

System
Qiu 2018

Antipsychotic polypharmacy in the treatment of schizophrenia in China and JapanJMDC

Nationwide

China

2010

2014

Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison Mental, Behavioral andschizophrenia (antipsychotic polypharmacy)

Neurodevelopmental disorders

and
Japan
Yokoyama

Association Between Antipsychotics and Osteoporosis Based on Real-World Data

JMDC

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Adherence to Oral Medication Among Patients with

JMDC

FAERS

Nationwide

2005

2017

Intervention effectMental, Behavioral andDiseases of the musculoskeletal

Neurodevelopmental disorders

system and connective tissue

Nationwide

2013

2018

Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization Mental, Behavioral and2020
Inoue 2021

Bipolar Disorders: A Retrospective, Observational Study Using a Healthcare Claims

antipsychotic use and onset of osteoporosis
bipolar disorder (F30 or 31)

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Database
Shinjo 2019

Risk factors for early unplanned readmission in patients with bipolar disorder: A

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014

2009

2010 Medical treatment status

Medical treatment status

20162017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health policy evaluation and Mental, Behavioral andretrospective observational study
Ning 2014[The length of stay for hospitalized patients with dementia in Fukuoka Prefecture : A

bipolar patients (ICD-10; F31)

utilization Neurodevelopmental disorders
NHI/LSEHS

crosssectional study]

Fukuoka National

Prefecture

Fukuoka

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Health policy evaluation and

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aged 65 or older

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aged 75 years or older

dementia

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aged ≥65 years

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Older persons

aged 65 years and above

Diseases of the nervous system

Early-onset dementia

Othersaged 40–59 years

Organization
Morioka 2021

Dementia and patient outcomes after hip surgery in older patients: A retrospective

DPC

observational study using nationwide administrative data in Japan

Diagnosis Procedure

Nationwide

Combination

Mental, Behavioral anddiseases

Neurodevelopmental disorders

database and reportsof the medical
functions of hospital
beds
Nakaoku 2021

Predictors of New Dementia Diagnoses in Elderly Individuals: A Retrospective Cohort

NHI/LSEHS

Study Based on Prefecture-Wide Claims Data in Japan

administrative claims Prefecture

Niigata

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

database of the

Mental, Behavioral anddiseases

Neurodevelopmental disorders

medical care system
for the elderly
Morioka 2020

Structure and process of dementia care and patient outcomes after hip surgery in elderly DPC

Nationwide

2016

2017 Health policy evaluation andPrefecture

Niigata

2012

2016 Health economics

Fukuoka Late Elders’ Prefecture

Fukuoka2010

2013 Medical treatment status

Fukuoka

2010

2016 Medical treatment status

people with dementia: A retrospective observational study in Japan
Tashiro 2020

Mental, Behavioral andutilization[Regional differences in dementia seen from health insurance claims data: A study on all NHI/LSEHS

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Socioeconomic comparison

old-old people in Niigata Prefecture]*
Maeda 2018

Surveillance of First-Generation H1-Antihistamine Use for Older Patients with Dementia

Neurodevelopmental disorders
NHI/LSEHS

in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Maeda 2018

Effects of gastrostomy fee schedule revision on artificial nutrition routes among older

Mental, Behavioral and
Mental, Behavioral and

Health Insurance
NHI/LSEHS

people with dementia in Japan: A time series observational study

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Fukuoka Late Elders’ Prefecture
Health Insurance

Health policy evaluation and

Mental, Behavioral andutilization

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Quality of care

Mental, Behavioral andthose aged 65–74 years
with a specific disability

Sakata 2018

Thyroid function tests before prescribing anti-dementia drugs: a retrospective

NDB

Nationwide

2015

2016 Medical treatment statusobservational study
Lin 2015

The effects of dementia and long-term care services on the deterioration of care-needs

Neurodevelopmental disorders
NHI/LSEHS

levels of the elderly in Japan

National Healthcare

Prefecture

Kyoto

2010

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Insurance Databasediseases

Health policy evaluation and

Mental, Behavioral andutilization

Neurodevelopmental disorders

and Old-Old Adults
Medical Care
Program Database
Sakata 2017

Job Loss After Diagnosis of Early-Onset Dementia: A Matched Cohort StudyJMDCNationwide

2013

2015

OthersMental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

Mine 2020

Hospitalization and discharge routes of elderly hip fracture patients with and without

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofdementia: a nationwide cross-sectional exploratory study using the Japanese Diagnostic

diseases

Mental, Behavioral andInjury, poisoning and certain other

Neurodevelopmental disordersconsequences of external causes

hip fracture, dementia

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

Mental, Behavioral andInjury, poisoning and certain other

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hip fracture, dementia

Older persons

65 years old and older

Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

Injury, poisoning and certain otherneck fracture and intertrochanteric fracture,

Othersage ≥70 years

consequences of external causes

dementia

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Older persons

75 years or older

depression, hyperlipidemia

Othersaged ≥18 years

residual insomnia, relapse of depression

Othersaged 20-65 years

residual insomnia, recurrence of major

Others

20–56 years

Others30-69 years old

Othersaged ≥20 years

treatment-resistant depression

Others

18–60 years of age

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Othersage ≥20 years

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Othersaged 10-59 years

Othersaged 20 to 69 years

mental disease, multimorbidity

Othersageed 0-75 years

pervasive developmental disordersChildrenyounger than 18 years ofProcedure Combination database
Tomioka 2020

An analysis of equity in treatment of hip fractures for older patients with dementia in

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2018 Medical treatment statusacute care hospitals: observational study using nationwide hospital claims data in Japan
Tsuda 2015

Nationwide

Association between dementia and postoperative complications after hip fracture surgery DPC

20072010 Clinical epidemiology, course ofin the elderly: analysis of 87,654 patients using a national administrative database
Maeda 2016

Investigation into the causes of indwelling urethral catheter implementation and its

diseases
NHI/LSEHS

effects on clinical outcomes and health care resources among dementia patients with

Fukuoka Late Elders’ Prefecture

Fukuoka2010

2013 Quality of care

Health economics

Health Insurance

Neurodevelopmental disorders

pneumonia A retrospective cohort study
Song 2017

Association between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) medication intake and new onset of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014

Intervention effectMental, Behavioral andEndocrine, nutritional and

Neurodevelopmental disorders

metabolic diseases

Effect of residual insomnia and use of hypnotics on relapse of depression: a retrospective JMDC

Nationwide

2006

2017

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status Mental, Behavioral andNationwide

2005

2018

Intervention effectdepression among Japanese patients with hyperlipidemia: A 3-year follow-up study
Inada 2021

cohort study using a health insurance claims database
Yamato 2021

diseases

Patterns of hypnotic prescribing for residual insomnia and recurrence of major depressive JMDC

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Medical treatment status Mental, Behavioral anddisorder: a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese health insurance claims database
Fujita 2019

Risk of depressive disorders after tobacco smoking cessation: a retrospective cohort

JHIA

study in Fukuoka, JapanThe Fukuoka branchPrefecture

Fukuoka

2010

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course ofof the Japan Healthdiseases

Neurodevelopmental disorders

depressive disorder

Mental, Behavioral anddepressive disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Insurance Association
Hirano 2018

Possibility of Database Research as a Means of Pharmacovigilance in Japan Based on a

OthersComparison with Sertraline Postmarketing Surveillance

MinaCare,Nationwide

2008

2013 Health policy evaluation andpostmarketing

Research methodology

utilization

Mental, Behavioral anddepression/depressive symptoms and panic

Neurodevelopmental disorders

disorderMental, Behavioral anddepression

surveillance results
Kimura 2015

Treatment persistence with antidepressants in Japan: Assessment of the first 60 days of

OthersJMIRI database

Nationwide

2012

2012 Patient health service utilization

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Prediction model

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2018

Intervention effect

Health economics Mental, Behavioral and

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2015

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health economics Mental, Behavioral and

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2011

Medical treatment status

Quality of care Mental, Behavioral and

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2011

Medical treatment status

Quality of care Mental, Behavioral and

MDVNationwide

2003

2010

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status Mental, Behavioral andtreatment based on pharmacy claims data from reimbursement database
Kitanishi 2021

Patient journey through cases of depression from claims database using machine

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Clinical epidemiology, course of Mental, Behavioral andlearning algorithms
Yamazaki 2021 Early Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A

diseases Neurodevelopmental disorders

Propensity Score-Matched Analysis Using a Nationwide Inpatient Database in Japan
Mahlich 2018

Estimating Prevalence and Healthcare Utilization for Treatment-Resistant Depression indiseases

Neurodevelopmental disorders

in Japan: a naturalistic cohort study based on a large claims database
Onishi 2013

Psychotropic prescription patterns among patients diagnosed with depressive disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorders

based on claims database in Japan
Otsubo 2012

[A fact-finding survey on pain comorbidity in patients with depression: A retrospective

Neurodevelopmental disorders

study using a medical fee claims database]*diseasesMichihata

Comparison between enteral nutrition and intravenous hyperalimentation in patients with DPC

2014eating disorders: results from the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database

Hosomi 2016

[Association of Antipsychotic Use with Extrapyramidal Symptoms: Data Mining of the

Nationwide

2010

2013

How was cognitive behavioural therapy for mood disorder implemented in Japan? A

Others

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Intervention effectMental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

NDB

Nationwide

2010

2012

Nationwide

2010

2015 Medical treatment status

Intervention effectMental, Behavioral andJapanese National Insurance Claims Database]
Hayashi 2020

major depressive disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Japan: A Retrospective Claims Database Study
Furukawa 2013 Prescription patterns following first-line new generation antidepressants for depression

depression

Diseases of the nervous system

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (Antipsychotic Use)

Neurodevelopmental disorders
NDB

Aggregated data

Mental, Behavioral andretrospective observational study using the nationwide claims database from FY2010 tomood disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorders

FY2015
Fujita 2019

Inequality within a community at the neighborhood level and the incidence of mood

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

disorders in Japan: a multilevel analysis
Sakakibara[Study on the Risk Factors for Postoperative Delirium Using the National Health2019

Insurance Claims Database in Japan]

Yamanashi

The role of mental disease on the association between multimorbidity and medical

2020

expenditure

Chiba

2013

2016

Clinical epidemiology, course of

City
NDB

Nationwide

Socioeconomic comparison Mental, Behavioral anddiseases2015

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of20162017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Mental, Behavioral anddiseases
NHI/LSEHS

Kokuho-Database

Municipality

SystemGotocity,mood disorder (F30–F39)

Neurodevelopmental disorders
postoperative delirium

Neurodevelopmental disorders

diseases

Health economics

Mental, Behavioral andOthers

Neurodevelopmental disorders

westernJapan
Satoh 2016

Prescription trends in children with pervasive developmental disorders: a claims data-

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2010 Medical treatment status

2008

2014 Intervention effectMental, Behavioral andbased study in Japan
Muramatsu

Relationship between treatment and period of absence among employees on sick leave2019

due to mental disease

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Othershealth insurance

Othersaclaims data provided

property

by one healthinsuranc

insurance society,edata on accident andcompansickness benefits

y group

Mental, Behavioral andagemental disease, psychotherapy

Neurodevelopmental disorders

paid during the sickleave
Okumura 2019 Psychiatric Admissions and Length of Stay During Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015 in Japan: A NDBNationwide

2014

2016 Medical treatment status

JMDC

630 survey

Nationwide

2006

2014

Mental, Behavioral and

NDB

Nationwide

2014

2016 Health policy evaluation andFactors affecting prolonged length of stay in psychiatric patients in Japan: A retrospective DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014

Clinical epidemiology, course of

2013

2013

Clinical epidemiology, course ofRetrospective Cohort Study Using a Nationwide Claims Database
Inaida 2018

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in Japan: Trends in prevalence, delay in diagnosis,
and frequency of hospital visits

Okumura 2018 Association of high psychiatrist staffing with prolonged hospitalization, follow-up visits,

psychiatric careage group

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures

all ages

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesand readmission in acute psychiatric units: a retrospective cohort study using autilization

Medical treatment status Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Mental, Behavioral andPatients newly admitted to acute psychiatric

Neurodevelopmental disorders

units

nationwide claims database
Shinjo 2017

observational study
Yamaoka 2017 [Mental Health of Small and Medium Enterprise Workers: An Empirical Analysis Using
Medical Claims Data from Japan Health Insurance Association]diseases
JHIA

Japan Health
Insurance Association
Hyogo BranchPrefecture

Hyogo

diseases

Health policy evaluation and Mental, Behavioral andpsychiatric patients

utilization Neurodevelopmental disorders
Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

mental disorder

Othersaged ≥15 years

Matsuda 2016

Refinement of DPC classification of psychiatric disorders

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2012

Health economics

Murakami

Importance of psychiatric disorders as comorbidities and complications among the acute

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010

Clinical epidemiology, course of2016

in-patient cases in Japan

Murata 2015

[Analysis of outcomes of acute abdominal patients with mental disorder using Diagnosis

DPC

Nationwide

2009

2011

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Mental, Behavioral andpsychiatric MDC

age category

Neurodevelopmental disorders
diseases

Procedure Combination database]Inagaki 2014

[Metabolic and Lithium Monitoring in Japanese Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics]

Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Mental, Behavioral anddiseases
Othershealth insurance

Nationwide

2006

2006

psychiatric problem among the acute in-patient
cases
Othersacute abdomen, psychiatric complications

age group

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Medical treatment status

Quality of care Mental, Behavioral andclaims of psychiatric

psychiatric outpatient

Neurodevelopmental disorders

outpatients (adatabase constructedfrom research on
medical policies)
Matsuda 2010

[Evaluation of Psychiatric medicine under the DPC system]

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008

Baba 2020[First-Time Use versus Continuing Use of Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists in Japan]

JMDC

Nationwide

2013

2014 Medical treatment status

Health economics Mental, Behavioral and

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2014

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral and

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014

Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization Mental, Behavioral and

1997

2009

Health economics

Health policy evaluation and Mental, Behavioral and

2016

2018

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the nervous system

Psychiatric disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Mental, Behavioral and

Benzodiazepine receptor agonists

Othersaged between 40 and 74

patients with a benzodiazepine

Othersaged 0-74 years

new benzodiazepines users

OthersAged 18 or older

Diseases of the digestive system

Mental and behavioral disorders, dental

Othersage <75 years

Mental, Behavioral andPregnancy, childbirth and thesuicide attempts during pregnancy

Othersaged ≥15 years

Neurodevelopmental disorders

puerperium

Mental, Behavioral andPregnancy, childbirth and the

Suicide attempts among pregnant andOthersaged ≥13 years

Neurodevelopmental disorders

puerperium

postpartum women

Therapeutic drug monitoring for lithium

Othersaged 20–74 years old

psychotropic drug prescribed patients

Othersage<75

Mental, Behavioral andpediatric patients’ off-label use ofChildrenaged <16 years

Neurodevelopmental disorders

psychotropics approved only for adults

Othersaged 6-17 years and 18-

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Okumura 2016 Prevalence, prescribed quantities, and trajectory of multiple prescriber episodes forbenzodiazepines: A 2-year cohort study
Takeshima

Continuation and discontinuation of benzodiazepine prescriptions: A cohort study based

2016

on a large claims database in Japan

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders

Takeuchi 2012 [Relationship between Implementation of Community-based Dental Health Programs and NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Prefecture

Health Care Costs for Mental and Behavioral Disorders]
Shigemi 2021

Suicide attempts during pregnancy and perinatal outcomesOkayama

DPC

Nationwide

utilization Neurodevelopmental disorders
diseases

Shigemi 2020

Suicide Attempts Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Japan: A Nationwide

DPC

Nationwide

2016

2018

Nationwide

2008

2013 Research methodology

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2005

2014 Quality of care

Retrospective Cohort Study
Asami 2016

[A Perspective of Pharmacovigilance Using the Healthcare Claim Database, Based on

diseases
OthersComparison with Sertraline Post Marketing Surveillance]

MinaCare, Sertraline
Post Marketing

Health policy evaluation and

Mental, Behavioral andutilization

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Health policy evaluation and

Mental, Behavioral andutilization

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Sertraline

Surveillance
Ooba 2018

Prevalence of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Lithium and the Impact of Regulatory

JMDC

Warnings: Analysis Using Japanese Claims Database
Hirano 2019

Changes in Prescription of Psychotropic Drugs After Introduction of Polypharmacy

Others

MinaCareNationwide

2011

2017

Medical treatment status

Othersdatabase of a

Nationwide

2016

2017

Medical treatment status

Health policy evaluation and Mental, Behavioral andReduction Policy in Japan Based on a Large-Scale Claims Databaseutilization Neurodevelopmental disorders

Tanemura

Pediatric off-label use of psychotropic drugs approved for adult use in Japan in the light2019

of approval information regarding pediatric patients in the United States: a study of acompany owning apharmacy prescription databasenationwide chain
pharmacies

Orime 2018

Survey on the management of physical risks induced by psychotropic agents in JapanJMDC

Nationwide

Matsuda 2015

Analysis of Health Care Region for Psychiatric Care Based on the National Database

NDB

Prefecture

2014

2014

2010

2010 Health policy evaluation andMedical treatment status

Quality of care Mental, Behavioral andpersistent users of psychotropic agents

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Fukuokautilization
Arakawa 2015

[Actual status of prescription patterns of anxiolytics and hypnotics in outpatients using

NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

2011

2011

74 years

Mental, Behavioral andPsychiatric medicine

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral andNational Database of Health Insurance Claim Information and Specific Medical

anxiolytics, hypnotics

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Checkups]
Okumura 2014 [Geographical variation in sedative – hypnotic use among recipients of public assistance: Othersa nationwide survey]

Fact-finding Survey

Nationwide

2011

2012

Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison Mental, Behavioral andon Medical

sedative-hypnotic use

Neurodevelopmental disorders

AssistanceAbe 2012

Prescription hypnotics and associated background factors in a large-scale Japanese

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2005

Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2010

2010

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral anddatabase
Shimane 2012

Prevention of overlapping prescriptions of psychotropic drugs by community pharmacistsprescribed hypnotics

Othersaged 20 to 74 years

Neurodevelopmental disorders
OthersSaitamaMental, Behavioral andPharmaceutical

psychotropic drugs

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Association (healthinsurance claims fordispensing)
Yatomi 2020

Prescription patterns of psychotropics in patients receiving synthetic glucocorticoids

NDB

Nationwide

2015

2015

Medical treatment status

Intervention effect Mental, Behavioral and

NDB

Nationwide

2012

2013

Intervention effect

Medical treatment status Mental, Behavioral andSampling data

Okumura 2015 Exposure to psychotropic medications prior to overdose: a case-control study

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2013

Medical treatment status

Intervention effect Mental, Behavioral andInoue 2016

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2013

Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017

Medical treatment status

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Okumura 2017 Risk of recurrent overdose associated with prescribing patterns of psychotropic
medications after nonfatal overdose

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders[Psychotropic Prescribing Practices for Children and Adolescents with Intellectual[Elucidation of the relationship between use of psychotropic drugs in pregnant women
Drug Utilization of Japanese Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: An Administrative

MDV

Nationwide

2013

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

The 12-year trend report of antipsychotic usage in a nationwide claims database derived JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016

Database Analysis
Hata 2020

diseases

Treatment Persistence Between Long-Acting Injectable Versus Orally AdministeredJMDC

Nationwide

2014

2018

Patient health service utilization

A propensity score matching analysis for cardio metabolic risk of antipsychotics inRehospitalization Risk of Receptor-Affinity Profile in Antipsychotic Drug Treatment: A

consequences of external causes

medications

Injury, poisoning and certain otherdrug poisoning, psychotropic medications

Othersaged 12–74 years

Intellectual Disabilities, Psychotropic

Childrenaged 3-17 years

schizophrenia

Othersaged between 18 and 65

schizophrenia

Othersaged 18 years or older

schizophrenia

Othersaged 18 years or moreschizophrenia

Othersaged ≤65 years

schizophrenia

Othersaged ≤65 years

schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Othersaged <65 years

consequences of external causes
Prescribing Practices

Mental, Behavioral andPregnancy, childbirth and the

Neurodevelopmental disorders

puerperium

Mental, Behavioral andQuality of care Mental, Behavioral and19- to 64-year-old

psychotropic drug use in pregnant womenyears

Medical treatment status Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017

Intervention effectMental, Behavioral and

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017

Medical treatment status

Intervention effect Mental, Behavioral andpatients with schizophrenia using Japanese claims data
Takekita 2020

Intervention effectage-groups
Others

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Aripiprazole Among Patients with Schizophrenia in a Real-World Clinical Setting in Japan
Kusumi 2020

overdose (T360–T509), psychotropic

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Medical treatment statusfrom four million people in Japan
Iwata 2020

glucocorticoids

Injury, poisoning and certain other

Neurodevelopmental disorders

and malformation of infants]
Cheung 2017

psychotropics in patients receiving synthetic

metabolic diseases

Mental, Behavioral andDisabilities : A Cohort Study Using a Large-scale Health Insurance Database]
Obara 2020

Endocrine, nutritional and

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Propensity Score Matching Analysis Using a Japanese Employment-Based Health

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Insurance Database
Okumura 2018 Timely follow-up visits after psychiatric hospitalization and readmission in schizophrenia
and bipolar disorder in JapanNDB

Nationwide

2014

2015

Intervention effectPatient health service utilization Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

Toyota 2017

[A study on the effect of psychiatry emergency medical care]

JHIA

Fukuoka branch ofPrefecture

Fukuoka

2010

2014

Intervention effect

Health policy evaluation and Mental, Behavioral and

the Japanese Healthschizophrenia, psychiatric emergency careutilization Neurodevelopmental disorders

Insurance Association
Kuwabara

Adherence and rehospitalizations in patients with schizophrenia: evidence from Japanese JMDC

2015

claims data

Ochiai 2014

[Factors associated with high-dose prescription of antipsychotics in outpatients with

Nationwide

2009

2013

Intervention effectPatient health service utilization Mental, Behavioral and

2011

2012

Medical treatment status

Health policy evaluation and Mental, Behavioral andOthersaged 18-65 years

schizophrenia

Othersbetween 20 and 65

schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder

Othersadults aged 20 to 65

schizophrenia

Othersaged 25 to 49 years

schizophrenia (F20-29)

Othersaged 20 to 49 years

nicotine dependence (F17.2)

Othersaged 21–60 years

Older persons

being over 75 years old

schizophrenia diagnosis (ICD-10 code: F20)

Neurodevelopmental disorders
NHI/LSEHS

National HealthPrefecture

Kyoto

Insurance and Later-

schizophrenia -An analysis of claims data from a Japanese prefecture-]schizophrenia

utilization Neurodevelopmental disorders

Stage Elderly
Healthcare System
Nakamura

Length of mechanical restraint following haloperidol injections versus oral atypical2013

antipsychotics for the initial treatment of acute schizophrenia: a propensity-matched

DPC

Nationwide

2006

2009

Intervention effectMental, Behavioral andacute schizophrenia

Neurodevelopmental disorders

analysis from the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database
Okumura 2013 [Antipsychotics prescribing patterns of patients with schizophrenia in Japan : Using the

NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

2011

2011

Medical treatment status

Quality of care Mental, Behavioral andNational Database of Health Insurance Claim Information and Specified Medical

schizophrenia

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Checkups]
Ye 2012

Antipsychotic monotherapy among outpatients with schizophrenia treated with

JMDC

Nationwide

2003

2009

Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2003

2009

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral andolanzapine or risperidone in Japan: a health care database analysis
Ye 2011

Characteristics of Outpatients Initiated on Olanzapine versus Risperidone in the

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Treatment of Schizophrenia in Japan: A Healthcare Database Analysis
Iwata 2011

[Comparison between the treatment outcomes of monotherapy with new antipsychotic

years old

Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

JMDC

Nationwide

2007

2010

Patient health service utilization

Health economics Mental, Behavioral andNakahara 2010 [Analysis of the treatment outcomes for schizophrenia using medical fee receipts]

JMDC

Nationwide

2004

2006

Medical treatment status

Health economics Mental, Behavioral andSuwa 2018

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2013 Intervention effectdrugs using medical fee receipts]

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders

The association between smoking cessation outpatient visits and total medical costs: a

Health economics

Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental disorders

retrospective, observational analysis of Japanese employee-based public healthinsurance data
Yuzuriha 2019

[Burden of illness for alcohol dependence using health insurance claims database in

JMDCJapan]

national statistics

Nationwide

2015

2017

Health economics

Mental, Behavioral anddata (Patients Survey

alcohol dependence

Neurodevelopmental disorders

and Statistics ofMedical Care
Activities in Public
Health Insurance)6) Diseases of the nervous system (G00-G99)
Fukunishi 2020 Alzheimer-type dementia prediction by sparse logistic regression using claim data

OthersHealth insurance and Municipality

a largelong-term carecity ininsurance databases

thein a large city

metropo20122015 Prediction model

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the nervous system

Dementia in Alzheimer diseasediseaseslitan
area inKuboyama

Medical expenses for cilostazol to treat Alzheimer's disease in Japan

NHI/LSEHS

2019

National HealthPrefecture

2010

2011

Health economics

Diseases of the nervous system

Cilostazol to treat Alzheimer’s disease

Nationwide

2010

2014

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the nervous system

Alzheimer’s disease

Others

20 years or older

Nationwide

2005

2016

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the nervous system

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Diabetes mellitus

Othersaged 40–64 years

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Othersaged 18-75 years

cerebral palsyChildrenaged below 20 years

behavioral health patients: G30-31 (dementia),

Others18 years and older

prefectu

Long-term Care

re in
Japan

Insurance systems
Kadohara 2017 Prescription Patterns of Medications for Alzheimer's Disease in Japan from 2010 to 2015: Others
A Descriptive Pharmacy Claims Database StudyaInsurance and thepharmacy claims
databases (operated
by four community
pharmacy chains)

Kadohara 2017 Diabetes mellitus and risk of early-onset Alzheimer's disease: a population-based case-

JMDC

control study
Fukamachi

Exploratory evaluation of a commercially available Japanese medical record database as

2018

an external control for comparative clinical trials in new drug development: Amyotrophic

diseases
MDV

compared with phase Nationwide

2008

2016

Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

Research methodology Diseases of the nervous system

3 trialslateral sclerosis
Ishikawa 2020

Folic acid prescribed to prenatal and postpartum women who are also prescribed

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the nervous system

Examination of the prescription of antiepileptic drugs to prenatal and postpartum women JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the nervous systemantiepileptic drugs in Japan: Data from a health administrative database
Ishikawa 2019

in Japan from a health administrative database
Toyokawa

Estimation of the number of children with cerebral palsy using nationwide health

NDB

Nationwide

2012

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of2017

insurance claims data in Japan

Kishi 2020

General medical claims for behavioral health patients in JapanJMDC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Health economics

Shigemi 2019

Recent overview of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis using

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016

Nakamura

Phenytoin versus fosphenytoin for second-line treatment of status epilepticus: propensity DPC

Nationwide

2011

2015 Intervention effect2020

score matching analysis using a nationwide inpatient database

Chen 2021

Prescription patterns of antiepileptic drugs for adult patients with newly diagnosed focal

JMDC

Nationwide

2006

2017

Medical treatment status

Quality of care Diseases of the nervous system

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2018

Intervention effectNationwide

2011

2018

Nationwide

2011

2016

Nationwide

2007

2011 Intervention effectPregnancy, childbirth and theantiepileptic drugs, folic acid (prenatal andpuerperium

postpartum women)

Pregnancy, childbirth and theantiepileptic drugs, prenatal and postpartum

puerperium

women

Diseases of the nervous systemdiseases
Diseases of the nervous system

Otherschronic medical condition
Intervention effect

Diseases of the nervous systemanti-NMDAR encephalitis (ICD-10 code G048 ora national inpatient database in Japan
Hatachi 2020

Prognostic factors among children with acute encephalitis/encephalopathy associatedwith viral and other pathogens

Hayakawa

Recent treatment patterns and variations for pediatric acute encephalopathy in Japanage categories

G049)
Diseases of the nervous system

Acute encephalitis/encephalopathy

Childrenaged ≤18 years

pediatric acute encephalopathy

Childrenbetween 1 month and 15

epilepticus (ICD-10 code: G41)

Othersepilepsy

Othersaged 20-65 years

Diseases of the nervous systemepilepticus

Othersaged ≥15 years

Medical treatment status

Intervention effect Diseases of the nervous systemepilepticus

Othersaged ≥15 years

Intervention effect

Diseases of the nervous system

Extrapyramidal syndromes

Diseases of the nervous system

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (G610)

diseases

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseases

Medical treatment status

2020

Health policy evaluation and Diseases of the nervous systemutilization

years of age
Diseases of the nervous system≥16 year of age

epilepsy from 2006 to 2017 in Japan
Nakamura

Levetiracetam vs. Fosphenytoin for Second-Line Treatment of Status Epilepticus:

2020

Propensity Score Matching Analysis Using a Nationwide Inpatient Database

Nakamura

Changes in Real-world Practice Patterns of Antiepileptic Drugs for Status Epilepticus: A

2020

Nationwide Observational Study in Japan

Hirano 2018

Risk of Extrapyramidal Syndromes Associated With Psychotropic Polypharmacy: A Study

DPC
Others

MinaCareBased on Large-Scale Japanese Claims Data
Inokuchi 2014

Effect of rehabilitation on mortality of patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome: apropensity-matched analysis using nationwide databaseDPC

age category

Kobori 2017

Coexisting infectious diseases on admission as a risk factor for mechanical ventilation in

DPC

DPC research group

Nationwide

2010

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2010

2018

Diseases of the nervous system

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Intervention effect

Diseases of the nervous system

Guillain–Barré Syndrome (ICD-10 code: G610)

Nationwide

2008

Nationwide

2010

2008

Research methodology

Medical treatment status Diseases of the nervous system

2013

Medical treatment status

Intervention effect Diseases of the nervous system

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2014

Recent transition of medical cost and relapse rate of multiple sclerosis in Japan based on MDV

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status Diseases of the nervous system

Nationwide

2008

2016

Health economics

Intervention effect Diseases of the nervous system

multiple sclerosis (G35)

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status Diseases of the nervous system

multiple sclerosis (G35)

Prevalence, treatments and medical cost of multiple sclerosis in Japan based on analysis JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health economics Diseases of the nervous system

multiple sclerosis (G35)

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2014

Medical treatment status

Health economics Diseases of the nervous system

multiple sclerosis (G35)

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2016

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2009

2011

Socioeconomic comparison

Health economics Diseases of the nervous system

Nationwide

2011

2011

Health economics

Medical treatment status Diseases of the nervous system

Nationwide

2004

2008

Intervention effect

Diseases of the nervous system

Nationwide

2010

2013 Medical treatment status

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2016 Medical treatment statuspatients with Guillain-Barre syndrome

age group

diseases

Yonezawa

Effect of Early Tracheostomy on Mortality of Mechanically Ventilated Patients with

DPC

2020

Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Nationwide Observational Study

Matsuda 2010

[Epidemiological study of Guillain-Barre syndrome cased on DPC database]

DPC

Mizobuchi

The Current Status of Microvascular Decompression for the Treatment of Hemifacial

DPC

2017

Spasm in Japan: An Analysis of 2907 Patients Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure

DPC Research

Othersaged 18 years or older

Othersaged ≥18 years

Others<65 years old

Myasthenia Gravis (ICD-10 code: G70.0)

Othersaged ≥20 years

myasthenis gravis (G70.0)

Othersaged ≥18 years

Guillain-Barre syndrome
Hemifacial Spasm (G 513)

Institute

Combination Database
Meyers 2019

Treatment patterns and characteristics of patients with migraine in Japan: A
retrospective analysis of health insurance claims data

Kawachi 2019migrainediseases

analysis of a health insurance claims database
Ogino 2018

Treatment and comorbidities of multiple sclerosis in an employed population in Japan:
analysis of health claims data

Ogino 2017

diseasesof a health insurance claims database
Ogino 2016

Current treatment status and medical cost for multiple sclerosis based on analysis of adiseases

Japanese claims database
Mouri 2020

Effect of Sugammadex on Postoperative Myasthenic Crisis in Myasthenia Gravis

Diseases of the nervous system

Patients: Propensity Score Analysis of a Japanese Nationwide Database
Murai 2019

Clinical burden and healthcare resource utilization associated with myasthenia gravis:
Assessments from a Japanese claims database

Ogino 2015

[The Analysis of the Unevenness of Treatment for the Nervous Diseases by the Area

Patient health service utilization Diseases of the nervous systemdiseases
OthersJudging from Receipt Data]

Health Insurance

Nervous Diseases

Claims Review &Reimbursement
services, National
Health Insurance
Organization

Ogino 2014

[High-cost medical care in intractable neuroimmunological diseases : Is the DPC/PDPS

Otherspayment system efficient for this population?]

Health Insurance

intractable neuroimmunological diseases

Claims Review &Reimbursement
services

NakamuraMortality of neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by typical and atypical antipsychotic DPC

2012

drugs: a propensity-matched analysis from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (ICD-10 code:
G210)

Combination database
Hirakata 2018

Pregabalin Prescription for Neuropathic Pain and Fibromyalgia: A Descriptive Study Using MDV

Diseases of the nervous systemneuropathic pain and fibromyalgia (pregabalin

Quality of care

Diseases of the nervous system

Parkinson’s disease

Others≥30 years of age

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the nervous system

Parkinson’s disease (G-20)

Othersyounger than 30 years

Parkinson’s disease, spinal surgery

Othersaged 20 years or older

Diseases of the nervous system

Parkinson’s disease

Othersage ≥40 years

Medical treatment status Diseases of the nervous system

Parkinson’s disease

Othersaged over 50 years

Othersaged ≥30 years

Administrative Database in Japan
Suzuki 2020

Adherence to treatment guideline recommendations for Parkinson's disease in Japan: A

use)longitudinal analysis of a nationwide medical claims database between 2008 and 2016
Nakaoka 2014

Prescribing pattern of anti-Parkinson drugs in Japan: a trend analysis from 2005 to 2010

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2010 Medical treatment status

Oichi 2017

Mortality and morbidity after spinal surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease: a

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course ofutilization
retrospective matched-pair cohort study
Ooba 2011

The impact in Japan of regulatory action on prescribing of dopamine receptor agonists:
Risk stratification for physical morbidity using factors associated with atypical

OthersdiseasesJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2008 Health policy evaluation andanalysis of a claims database between 2005 and 2008
Iketani 2020

were excluded
Diseases of the nervous systemutilization
Others

NHO: MIA databank

Nationwide

2012

2017 Prediction model

Nationwide

2008

2016

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the nervous system

Parkinson's disease

Nationwide

2012

2017

Intervention effect

Diseases of the nervous system

Parkinson's disease

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2014

Intervention effect

Diseases of the nervous system

Parkinson's disease

Othersaged ≥40 years

Real-world pharmacological treatment patterns of patients with young-onset Parkinson's JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status Diseases of the nervous systemyoung‑onset Parkinson’s disease

Othersaged 21–50 years

Nationwide

2009

2015

Health economics

Nationwide

2005

2008 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2012

DPC

Nationwide

2010

JMDC

Nationwide

2013

Prescribing Pattern of Hypnotic Medications in Patients Initiating Treatment at Japanese MDVNationwide

2012

2016 Medical treatment status

2010

2013

antipsychotic treatment in Parkinson's disease: A retrospective observational study using
administrative claims data
Suzuki 2020

Prescription pattern of anti-Parkinson's disease drugs in Japan based on a nationwide

MDV

medical claims database
Iketani 2019

Comparison of the association of risperidone and quetiapine with deteriorating

DPC

NHO: MIA databank

performance in walking and dressing in subjects with Parkinson's disease: aretrospective cohort study using administrative claims data
Iwaki 2019

Comparison of zonisamide with non-levodopa, anti-Parkinson's disease drugs in theincidence of Parkinson's disease-relevant symptoms

Kasamo 2019disease in Japan: a medical claims database analysis
Akazawa 2018 Cost-Minimization Analysis of Deep-Brain Stimulation Using National Database of

diseases
NDB

Diseases of the nervous system

Parkinson’s disease and other movement

Japanese Health Insurance Claims
Nakaoka 2011

Echocardiography for the detection of valvulopathy associated with the use of ergot-

no restriction of age

disorders
JMDC

JMDC-MDB

Diseases of the nervous system

Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory system

Parkinson’s Disease, valvulopathy

Othersderived dopamine agonists in patients with Parkinson's disease
Sengoku 2019

[Treatment of peripheral facial paralysis in Japan: observation study using a healthexcluded younger than
30 years

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the nervous system

2017

Intervention effectClinical epidemiology, course of Diseases of the nervous system

2016

Clinical epidemiology, course of

peripheral facial paralysis

insurance claims database]Makito 2020

Incidences and risk factors for post--dural puncture headache after neuraxial
anaesthesia: A national inpatient database study in Japan

Miyashita 2020 The Association Between Hemoglobin Upswing in the Reference Range and Sleep Apnea

diseases

Syndrome
Inada 2021

Injury, poisoning and certain otherpost–dural puncture headache after neuraxial

consequences of external causes

anaesthesia

Diseases of the nervous system

Sleep apnea syndrome

Diseases of the nervous system

insomnia

Diseases of the nervous system

insomnia

Othersaged ≥20 years

Othersaged 40−59 years

Older persons

aged 75 years and older,diseases
Quality of care

Hospitals: A Nationwide, Retrospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study Using a Claims
Database
Maeda 2016

Quantification of adverse effects of regular use of triazolam on clinical outcomes forolder people with insomnia: a retrospective cohort study

NHI/LSEHS

Fukuoka Late Stage

Prefecture

Fukuoka

Intervention effect

Elderly HealthcareLateor those aged 65–74

Insurance

Stage

years

Organization

Elderly
Healthc
areInsurance.

Fujimoto 2014 [The Association between Statin Use and the Risk of Sleep Disturbances: Data Mining of JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2011 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2010

2012 Health economics

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013

Nationwide

2010

2010 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2011

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Health economics

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2006

2013 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

HashimotoIntraocular pressure-lowering medications during pregnancy and risk of neonatal adverse JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2020

outcomes: a propensity score analysis using a large database

Kashiwagi

Persistence and treatment patterns of fixed combination drugs for glaucoma: a2020

retrospective claims database study in Japan

Hashimoto[Clinical Science : Recent Trends in Glaucoma Surgery in Japan : a Descriptive Study

2019

Using Large-scale Databases]

Shirai 2021

Adherence and Persistence with First-Line Therapy and Compliance with Glaucoma

Diseases of the nervous system

Othersstatin use and the risk of sleep disturbances

Diseases of the nervous system

Othershemoptysis (ICD-10 codes R042, R048, andDiseases of the nervous system

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

spinocerebellar degeneration, systemic lupus

system and connective tissue

erythematosus

Claims Database]Ishikawa 2021

Spinal Cord Infarction after Bronchial Artery Embolization for Hemoptysis: A Nationwide
Observational Study in Japan

Kawahara[[Development of medical care for spinocerebellar degeneration] (Part 5) Characteristic

2013

analysis of medical costs required for SCD and SLE]*

Mizobuchi

The Current Status of Microvascular Decompression for the Treatment of Trigeminal

2018

Neuralgia in Japan: An Analysis of 1619 Patients Using the Japanese Diagnosis

Intervention effectdiseases

Othersaged ≥18 years

Others20- to 74-year age group

R049, spinal cord infarction

Intervention effect

Medical treatment status Diseases of the nervous system

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Procedure Combination Database7) Diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59)
Sakai 2013

DPC Based Situation Analysis of Generic Antibiotics Use among the Japanese Acute Care DPC
Hospitals

Kido 2020

Nationwide incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in Japan: an exploratory

Sampling data

descriptive study using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims (2011-2015)
Furuta 2016

[Retrospective Analysis of a Health-Insurance Claims Database to Investigate the

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Otherssurgical cataract cases, antibiotics use

utilization
NDB

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

central retinal artery occulusion (H34.1)

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Dacryocystitis and dacryostenosis related cases

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

glaucoma

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

glaucoma (H40 in ICD-10 code)

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Glaucomadiseases

Prevalence of Dacryocystitis and Dacryostenosis Related Cases and its Correlation with
Rebamipide in Ophthalmic Suspensions Administered to Dry-Eye Patients]
Fukuda 2021

Medical Costs of and Changes in Glaucoma Treatment among Patients Newly Starting

Medical treatment status

Glaucoma Care
Ooba 2020

Comparison between high and low potency statins in the incidence of open-angle
glaucoma: A retrospective cohort study in Japanese working-age population

Sakamoto

Changes in Glaucoma Medication during the Past Eight Years and Future Directions in

2017Japan Based on an Insurance Medical Claim Database

Kashiwagi

Persistence with topical glaucoma therapy among newly diagnosed Japanese patients

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesPatient health service utilization

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

glaucoma2014
2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Certain conditions originating in the glaucoma, neonatal adverse outcomesperinatal period

pregnant women(congenital anomalies, preterm birth, low birthweight)JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

OthersNDB open data, DPC Nationwide

2010

2016 Medical treatment status

Others

MinaCareNationwide

2011

2016 Patient health service utilization

Others

MinaCareNationwide

2011

2016 Patient health service utilization

Nationwide

2012

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Nationwide

2014

2015 Intervention effect

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2013 Medical treatment status

2011

2007

Quality of care

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

glaucoma

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Glaucoma Surgery

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

topical glaucoma

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

glaucoma

Othersaged ≥20 years

Guidelines Using Japanese Health Care/Pharmacy Claims Database
Shirai 2021

Comparison of adherence between fixed and unfixed topical combination glaucoma
therapies using Japanese healthcare/pharmacy claims database: a retrospective noninterventional cohort study

Shirai 2021

Risk factors leading to trabeculectomy surgery of glaucoma patient using JapaneseDPCnationwide administrative claims data: a retrospective non-interventional cohort study
Yamano 2017

[Relationship between Medical History of Patients Administered Mikelan (Carteolol

glaucomaage groups

diseases
JMDC

Hydrochloride) Ophthalmic Solution and Occurrence of Asthma-related Adverse Events]

OtsukaDiseases of the eye and adnexa

Diseases of the respiratory systemglaucoma, asthma

Pharmaceutical
Safety Database

Kawano 2019

Current status of late and recurrent intraocular lens dislocation: analysis of real-world

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

late intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Others2017 Research methodology

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Others2015 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

retinal disease

Others21-75 years olddata in Japan
Kume 2016

Treatment Patterns and Health Care Costs for Age-Related Macular Degeneration indiseases
Health economics

40 years of age or older

Japan: An Analysis of National Insurance Claims Data
Tamiya 2021

Validation study of the claims-based definition for age-related macular degeneration at a Others

claims' data,

single university hospital in Japan

electronic medical

Universi

recordOthers

Kyototy
Hospital

Kawasaki 2021 Treatment patterns for retinal diseases in patients newly-treated with anti-VEGF agents: JMDC

Nationwide

A retrospective analysis of claims data from the Japan Medical Data Center database
Hashimoto

Recent trends in vitreoretinal surgery: a nationwide database study in Japan, 2010–2017

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2016

2017 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

vitreoretinal surgery

Diseases of the ear and mastoid

otitis media (H659, H660, H669)

Children≤15 years of age

acute otitis media

Childrenaged <15 years

Othersaged 20 years or older

Childrenpatients <15 years

20208) Diseases of the ear and mastoid process (H60-H95)
Imai 2021

Probiotic Prescription Status of Pediatric Patients with Otitis Media Receiving Oral

Quality of care

Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin/Clavulanate from April 2016 to March 2017 Using a Japaneseprocess

Health Insurance Claims Database
Yamanaka[Influence of the Protein-conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine (PCV7) and the Newly

2015

Developed Antimicrobials on the Incidence of Acute Otitis Media and the Frequency of

JMDC

Nationwide

2007

2013 Intervention effect

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the ear and mastoidutilization

process

Intervention effect

Diseases of the ear and mastoid

chronic otitis media (post-tympanoplasty local

process

treatment)

Myringotomy]
Suzuki 2016

Factors associated with prolonged duration of post-tympanoplasty local treatment in

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

adult chronic otitis media patients: A retrospective observational study using a Japanesediseases

inpatient database
Sasaki 2018

Influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on acute otitis media in JapanJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2015 Intervention effect

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the ear and mastoidutilization

process

Diseases of the respiratory systemacute otitis media, pneumococcal conjugate
vaccines

9) Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99)
Ohnuma 2016

Hospital mortality of patients aged 80 and older after surgical repair for type A acute

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

type A acute aortic dissection (ICD-10 of I71.0) Older persons

aged 80 and older

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Health economics

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute aortic dissection

aged ≥18 years

Nationwide

2012

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute aortic dissection

Diseases of the circulatory system

angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction

aortic dissection in Japan
Ohbe 2020

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for acute aortic dissection during cardiac

diseasesarrest: A nationwide retrospective observational study
Yamaguchi

Current status of the management and outcomes of acute aortic dissection in Japan:

2020

Analyses of nationwide Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases-DPC

JROAD-DPC

diseases

Diagnostic Procedure Combination data
Horiguchi 2010 Impact of drug-eluting stents on treatment option mix for coronary artery disease in

DPC

Nationwide

2004

2007 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2014

2014

Japan
Izumi 2015

[Surveillance on Concomitant Medications and Adherence to Anticoagulants in patients
Treated with Oral Anticoagulants]

OthersJMIRI

Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization Diseases of the circulatory systemoral anticoagulants

OthersYamaguchi

Impact of Endovascular Repair on the Outcomes of Octogenarians with Ruptured

DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effect2020

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Nationwide Japanese Study

Yamaguchi

The impact of institutional case volume on the prognosis of ruptured aortic aneurysms: a DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Health policy evaluation and2019Japanese nationwide study

Yamaguchi

Editor's Choice - Endovascular Repair Versus Surgical Repair for Japanese Patients With

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effect2019

Ruptured Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Nationwide Study

Fukuda 2020

Comparing Retreatments and Expenditures in Flow Diversion Versus Coiling for

NDB

Nationwide

2015

2018

Intervention effectDPC

DPC-Research Group Nationwide

2007

2007

Intervention effectDPC

DPC Research Group Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effectSocioeconomic comparison

Diseases of the circulatory systemruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

Ruptured aortic aneurysms

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

Ruptured Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic

Othersaged ≥20 years

Othersaged ≥20 years

Othersaged 18-74 years

utilization
DPC

Aneurysms
Health economics Diseases of the circulatory system

unruptured intracranial aneurysms

Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a
Real-World National Database
Uchida 2014

Effects of remifentanil on in-hospital mortality and length of stay following clipping of

Diseases of the circulatory system

intracranial aneurysm

Diseases of the circulatory systemaortic valve stenosis

intracranial aneurysm: a propensity score-matched analysis
Umegaki 2018

Comparison of In-hospital Outcomes Between Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve
Replacement in Patients with Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using
Administrative Data

Matsuda 2011

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Medical treatment status

Yamashita[Forefront of aortic stenosis treatment: Current status of aortic stenosis treatment as[Comparison of the Length of Stay in Patients Hospitalized and Initiated with Dabigatran MDVNationwide

2011

2016 Intervention effect2017

or Warfarin for a Concomitant Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Real-world Japanese
Nationwide

2014

2014 Health economics

Nationwide

2012

2013 Health economics

Nationwide

2005

2014 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2004

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

MDV

Nationwide

MDV

Nationwide

JMDC

Others

Diseases of the circulatory systemaortic valve stenosis

Diseases of the circulatory system

non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Diseases of the circulatory system

atrial fibrillation

Diseases of the circulatory system

non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Diseases of the circulatory system

non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients (ICD-10;

seen from DPC data]*
Health economics

Therapeutic Practice (SHORT-J)]
Hori 2015[Disease burden of cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation: Medical andMDV

economic effects of dabigatran and warfarin]*

RE-LY study,
Japanese prevalence
studies

Okumura 2014 [Estimation of event cost reduction from the administration of apixaban in patients with

MDV

ARISTOTLE study

non-valvular atrial fibrillation]*Ohshima 2019

Oral anticoagulants usage in Japanese patients aged 18-74 years with non-valvular atrial JMDCIntervention effectfibrillation: a retrospective analysis based on insurance claims data
Momo 2020

I48-)

Predictive factors associated with bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients treated with anti- JMDC

Diseases of the circulatory system

atrial fibrillation, anti-coagulants

Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

drug-drug interaction (DDI) and bleeding rate in

Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory system

Atrial fibrillation (I48)

Othersaged 20-74 years

2015 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

Others18 years or older

2011

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

non-valvular atrial fibrillation (I48)

Othersaged ≥18 years

2011

2017 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

atrial fibrillation (I48)

Othersaged ≥18 years

2005

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

atrial fibrillation (ICD-10: I48)

Others20-74 years of age

Diseases of the circulatory system

non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Othersaged 40–74 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (I48)

Othersage >18 years

coagulant drugs using a large claims database
Momo 2019

Prevalence of drug-drug interaction in atrial fibrillation patients based on a large claims

diseasesdata
Kubota 2018

The use of anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation between 2005

atrial fibrillationand 2014: A drug utilization study using claims data in Japan
Yokoyama

Bleeding Risk of Warfarin and Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Younger Population: A

2018

Historical Cohort Study Using a Japanese Claims Database

Kohsaka 2017

Bleeding risk of apixaban, dabigatran, and low-dose rivaroxaban compared with warfarin
in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a propensity matched analysis ofadministrative claims data

Kohsaka 2018

Safety and effectiveness of apixaban in comparison to warfarin in patients with
nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a propensity-matched analysis from Japaneseadministrative claims data

Maeda 2021

Residual risks of ischaemic stroke and systemic embolism among atrial fibrillation
patients with anticoagulation: large-scale real-world data (F-CREATE project)

FukuokaComprediseaseshensive
Risk
Evaluati
on ofAtrialFibrillati
on withClaim
Database project(FCREATE
project)
Narita 2020

Trends in Prevalence of Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulation Therapy in a

NHI/LSEHS

Japanese Region: Analysis Using the National Health Insurance Database

Japanese National

Municipality

Health Insurance

regiondatabase (“Kokuho”(5

database [KDB])
Yasaka 2020

Incidence Rates of Bleeding and Emergency Surgery Due to Trauma or Fracture Among

Tsugaru

MDV

20142017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

diseasesmunicip
Nationwide

2011

Japanese Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Oral Anticoagulation

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Therapy
Suzuki 2019

Potential of machine learning methods to identify patients with nonvalvular atrial

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2017 Prediction model

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

nonvalvular atrial fibrillation

Nationwide

2008

2013 Research methodology

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

non-valvular atrial fibrillation

fibrillation
Koretsune

Usefulness of a healthcare database for epidemiological research in atrial fibrillation

MDV

2017

comparable with JRHYTHM Registrydiseasesand Fushimi AF
Registry
Yagi 2021

Current status of oral anticoagulant adherence in Japanese patients with atrial

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2019 Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the circulatory system

atrial fibrillation

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

atrial fibrillation

Othersaged 0-75 years

fibrillation: A claims database analysis
Kario 2020

Impact of pre-existing hypertension and control status before atrial fibrillation onset on
cardiovascular prognosis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A real-world

diseases

database analysis in Japan
Kohsaka 2020

Safety and effectiveness of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in real-

MDV

Nationwide

2011

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Othersaged ≥18 years

Risks of Bleeding and Stroke Based on CHA2DS2-VASc Scores in Japanese Patients With JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

atrial fibrillation or atrial flatter

Othersaged 21-74 years

world patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a retrospective analysis ofcontemporary Japanese administrative claims data
Maeda 2020

Atrial Fibrillation: A Large-Scale Observational Study Using Real-World DatadiseasesKoretsune

Comparative effectiveness and safety of warfarin and dabigatran in patients with non-2019

valvular atrial fibrillation in Japan: A claims database analysis

Satoh 2020

Blood Pressure and Chronic Kidney Disease Stratified by Gender and the Use of

MDVNationwide

2011

2016 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2008

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2016

2017 Intervention effectNationwide

2010

2017 Quality of care

Antihypertensive Drugs

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system
Diseases of the circulatory systemdiseases

Kawamura

Patient characteristics and in-hospital complications of subcutaneous implantable2019

cardioverter-defibrillator for Brugada syndrome in Japan

Kido 2020

Outcomes of paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to hospital characteristic DPC
defined by the annual number of paediatric patients with invasive mechanical ventilation:

Health policy evaluation andnon-valvular atrial fibrillation

Othersaged ≥18 years

Diseases of the genitourinary

blood pressure and the risk of chronic kidney

Others30-74 years of age

systemdisease

Diseases of the circulatory system

Brugada syndrome (I490)

Diseases of the circulatory system

paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Childrenchildren (<18 years)

utilization

A nationwide study in Japan
Zamami 2017

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

Cardiopulmonary Arrest

Othersaged 18 years or older

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2009 Health economics

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA)

Othersage ≥18 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

postcardiac arrest patients

Othersaged ≥18 years

Search for Therapeutic Agents for Cardiac Arrest Using a Drug Discovery Tool and Large- JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiac arrest patients

Othersexcluded <18 years old

MDVNationwide

2008

2017 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Others≥20 years of age

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Cardiac arrest

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiac arrest

Othersage ≥18 years

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2012 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Othersaged ≥18 years

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Othersaged ≥18 years

Amiodarone Compared with Lidocaine for Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest with Refractory DPC

out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and refractory

Othersaged ≥18 years[Drug Repositioning Research Utilizing a Large-scale Medical Claims Database to

Intervention effectImprove Survival Rates after Cardiopulmonary Arrest]
Fukuda 2013

Health care costs related to out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest in Japan

Takiguchi 2021 Intermittent versus continuous neuromuscular blockade during target temperature
management after cardiac arrest: A nationwide observational study
Zamami 2019

Scale Medical Information Database
Joo 2019

Effectiveness and safety of early enteral nutrition for patients who received targeted
temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Niimura 2017

Hydrocortisone administration was associated with improved survival in Japanesepatients with cardiac arrest

Tagami 2016

Early antibiotics administration during targeted temperature management after out-ofhospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide database study

Tagami 2016

Changes in Therapeutic Hypothermia and Coronary Intervention Provision and In-

Intervention effectHospital Mortality of Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide
Database Study
Tagami 2016

Amiodarone or nifekalant upon hospital arrival for refractory ventricular fibrillation after
out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Tagami 2016

Nationwide

2007

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiogenic or obstructive shock

Othersaged ≥18 years

Nationwide

2014

2017 Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the circulatory system

Cardiovascular Risk

Others20 and 74 years

DPC

Nationwide

20162019 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiovascular surgeries

Othersaged 18–84 years

NDB

Nationwide

2014

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiovascular diseases

Othersaged ≥20 years

Possible association between eating behaviors and cardiovascular disease in the general JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiovascular disease

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

Heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemadverse cardiovascular events

Othersaged at least 20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

circulatory disease (ICD-10 I 00-99)

Ventricular Fibrillation on Hospital Arrival: a Nationwide Database Study
Shakya 2017

In-hospital complications after implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices:

ventricular fibrillation

Analysis of a national inpatient database in Japan
Aso 2016

The Effect of Intraaortic Balloon Pumping Under Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membranecomplications after implantation of cardiac

age categories

implantable electronic devices

Oxygenation on Mortality of Cardiogenic Patients: An Analysis Using a Nationwide

cardiogenic shock (ICD-10 codes: I05, I07, I08,
I20–I22, I33–I35, I40–I42, I46, and I49–I51)

Inpatient Database
Ohbe 2018

Early enteral nutrition for cardiogenic or obstructive shock requiring venoarterial
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a nationwide inpatient database study

Higa 2021

Relationship of Annual Health Checkups with the Subject's Subsequent Behavior of

Others

MinaCare database

Cardiovascular Risk Management in a Real-World Setting in Japan: A Retrospective
Cohort Study on Changes in Antihypertensive Drug Prescription and Blood Pressure from2015 to 2017
Okuno 2021

Intra-operative autologous blood donation for cardiovascular surgeries in Japan: A
retrospective cohort study

Kanaoka 2021

Current Status and Effect of Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation After PercutaneousCoronary Intervention in Japan

Kaneko 2021

population: Analysis of a nationwide epidemiological database
Kaneko 2021

Association of Blood Pressure Classification Using the 2017 American College of

diseasesJMDC

Nationwide

2005

Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guideline with Risk of Heart2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
Shima 2021

Validation of novel identification algorithms for major adverse cardiovascular events in a

OthersJapanese claims databaseclaims database of

OthersMedical

University Hospital,

Universi

electrical medical
Development of a predictive model for integrated medical and long-term care resource

NHI/LSEHS

national healthcare

20122014 Research methodology

20142018 Prediction modelty
Hospital

records
Takura 2021

Jichi

Jichi Medical

Others(The

consumption based on health behaviour: application of healthcare big data of patients

database (Kokuho

regionswith circulatory diseases

Database, KDB)

included

Health economics

all agesin thedatabase
account
for 6.1%of thetotal
populati
on ofJapan)
Kaneko 2020

Restfulness from sleep and subsequent cardiovascular disease in the general population

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Maeda 2017

Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Nationwide Database StudyDPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiovascular disease

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

pediatric cardiac surgery population

Childrenaged ≤12 years

Davis 2015

High-Risk Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in a Real-World Employed Japanese

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2009 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory systematherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Othersaged ≥18 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiovascular disease

Othersaged 20–49 years

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2017 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2005

Diseases of the circulatory systemventricular tachycardia ablation

Othersaged ≥18 years

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiovascular health metrics

Othersaged ≥20 years

diseasesPopulation: Prevalence, Cardiovascular Event Rates, and Costs
Kaneko 2021

Fasting plasma glucose and subsequent cardiovascular disease among young adults:
Analysis of a nationwide epidemiological database

Kitamura 2021 Safety and effectiveness of intracardiac echocardiography in ventricular tachycardia

Health economics

diseasesdiseasesablation: a nationwide observational study
Kaneko 2020

Cardiovascular Health Metrics of 87,160 Couples: Analysis of a Nationwide
Epidemiological Databasediseases

Ugata 2020

Periprocedural hypotension after conscious sedation versus local anesthesia during

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators anddefibrillator implantation for left ventricular dysfunction: analysis of a national inpatient

Othersaged ≥18 years

cardiac resynchronization therapy devices

database in Japan
Watanabe

Impact of Board-Certified Cardiologist Characteristics on Risk of In-Hospital Mortality

DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Health policy evaluation and

Low Activities of Daily Living Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Disease

DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of2020
Gohbara 2018

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiovascular disease

Othersaged ≥18 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute coronary syndrome, heart failure, orOthersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiac complications of rotational atherectomy Others

aged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

Cardiac complications in coronary spasm

Othersaged ≥20 years

utilization
Mortality in Japan - Analysis of Health Records From a Nationwide Claim-Basedaortic aneurysm/dissectiondiseases

Database, JROAD-DPC
Isogai 2016

Relationship between hospital volume and major cardiac complications of rotational

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Health policy evaluation andatherectomy: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan
Isogai 2015

utilization

Serious cardiac complications in coronary spasm provocation tests using acetylcholine or DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effectergonovine: analysis of 21 512 patients from the diagnosis procedure combination

provocation tests using acetylcholine or

database in Japanergonovine

Kitazawa 2019 Risk of coronary artery disease according to glucose abnormality status and priorJMDC

Nationwide

2008

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

2006

2009 Research methodology

coronary artery disease in Japanese men
Fujihara 2017

Impact of body mass index and metabolic phenotypes on coronary artery diseaseaccording to glucose tolerance status

HashikataUsefulness of a large automated health records database in pharmacoepidemiology

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiseasesdiseasesMDV

2011previous

Nationwide

15

epidemiological

medicalsurvey (Hisayama

facilities

Endocrine, nutritional andglycemic level, cardiovascular disease

Others18-72 years old

Endocrine, nutritional andcoronary artery disease, glucose tolerance

Others18-72 years oldmetabolic diseases

status

Endocrine, nutritional andcardio-cerebrovascular events, diabetes,

metabolic diseases

dialysis initiation

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aged ≥20 years

metabolic diseases

disease, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial

metabolic diseases
Diseases of the circulatory system
Diseases of the circulatory systemsurvey, JIKEI-Heartstudy, KYOTO-Heartstudy)Teramoto 2016 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lipid-modifying therapy prescription

MDV

Nationwide

2013

2013 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory systempatterns in the real world: An analysis of more than 33,000 high cardiovascular risk
patients in Japan
Sakamoto

Clinical features and outcomes of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia after cardiac

2020

surgery: a retrospective cohort study

Kaneko 2020

Lipid Profile and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease among Young Adults Aged < 50

disease or diabetes mellitus
DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Kajinami 2019 Real-World Data to Identify Hypercholesterolemia Patients on Suboptimal Statin Therapy MDVNationwide

2008

2017 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

Seposo 2020

Nationwide

2013

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

Years

Short-term effects of air pollution on daily single- and co-morbidity cardiorespiratory

Diseases of the circulatory system

Diseases of the digestive system

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events

Endocrine, nutritional anddyslipidemia patients with atherosclerotic

metabolic diseases

cardiovascular disease

Diseases of the respiratory system

Cardiovascular-related (I00-I99) anddiseasessurgery

diseases

JMDC

outpatient visits

Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia after cardiac

diseases

Others20-49 years of age

Othersover 20 years
all ages

respiratory-related (J00-J99) outpatient clinic
visit visits

Sasabuchi

Clinical Impact of Prescribed Doses of Nutrients for Patients Exclusively Receiving

2020

Parenteral Nutrition in Japanese Hospitals: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Toba 2016[Selection of a method for detecting cases of severe pneumothorax associated with

MDV

Nationwide

2009

2018 Intervention effectQuality of care

Diseases of the circulatory system

20122015 Research methodology

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory system

hospitalized patients who underwent central

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersaged 20-46 years

Othersaged ≥40 years

Othersexcluded patients aged

venous catheter (CVC) insertion
DPC

medical records

OthersMedicalcentral venous catheterization using information on fee-for-medical-service : Potential

Hospital,utilizability of information from Fee-for-medical-service for internal audit]Tokyoutilization

severe pneumothorax associated with central
venous catheterization

MedicalandDentalUniversityMatsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the current state of

NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

OthersA

rehabilitation in patients with ischemic stroke using consolidated data on medical andclaims and LTC

municip

nursing care]*insurance claims data

ality in2011

2015 Medical treatment status

20122016 Medical treatment status

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brain infarction

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brain infarction

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brain infarction

Diseases of the circulatory systemcerebral infarction

Diseases of the circulatory systemcerebral infarction

Diseases of the circulatory systemcerebral infarction

Diseases of the circulatory systemcerebrovascular disorder (ICD-10: I60-I69)

Diseases of the circulatory systemcerebrovascular diseaseWesternJapan
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the usage of medical and

NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

OthersA

nursing care services of stroke patients using consolidated data on health insurance

claims and LTC

municip

claims in medical and nursing care]*insurance claims data

ality inHealth policy evaluation andutilization

WesternJapan
Matsuda 2010

[DPC based situation analysis of acute rehabilitation care for stroke patients in Japan]

DPC

DPC Research Group Nationwide

Matsuda 2015

Analysis of Disease Structure for the Regional Health Care Plan Based on the National

NDB

Prefecture

Fukuoka

2008

2008 Medical treatment status2010

2010 Health policy evaluation andDatabase
Kato 2019[[Introduction to health economics for healthcare professionals] Information asymmetry

Intervention effectutilization
DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Quality of care

Socioeconomic comparison

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2012 Health policy evaluation and

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Intervention effect

2004

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

between doctors and patients]*
Fujino 2014

Impact of regional clinical pathways on the length of stay in hospital among stroke
patients in Japan

Nagayama

Medical Costs and Readmissions After Intensive Poststroke Rehabilitation: Japanese

2021

Claims Data

Hatanaka 2016 [Impact of drinking and smoking habits on cerebrovascular disease risk among maleutilization

Othersemployees]

DENSO Health

OthersInsurance Society

DENSO
HealthHealth economics

diseasesInsurance
Sayama 2015

Visualization of medical care for cerebrovascular disorders

DPC

Tanaka 2020

Proportion and risk factors of cholesterol crystal embolization after cardiovascular

DPC

J-ASPECT Study

Nationwide

2012

2013

Nationwide

2010

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course ofprocedures: a retrospective national database study
Isogai 2015

Clinical Practice Patterns in Constrictive Pericarditis Patients With Heart Failure: A

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect2011

2011 Medical treatment status

Retrospective Cohort Study Using a National Inpatient Database in Japan
Ohbe 2021

Effect of Early Rehabilitation on Physical Function in Patients Undergoing Coronary

Intervention effectResearch methodology Diseases of the circulatory system
Diseases of the circulatory system

Cholesterol crystal embolization (I749)

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

Constrictive pericarditis (ICD-10 code I31.1)

Diseases of the circulatory systempatients who underwent a coronary arterydiseases

Artery Bypass Grafting: A Nationwide Inpatient Database Study
Kawamoto[The Adherence with Critical Pathways for Angina Pectoris Undergoing Percutaneous

2013

Coronary Intervention by Utilizing the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database]

Cerebrovascular Disorders

Intervention effectdiseases

bypass grafting
DPC

PCI critical pathways Others

10

data

hospitals (NHO)

Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory system

Percutaneous coronary intervention for angina
pectoris<18 years

Shimada 2020

Guideline-Based Medications for Older Adults Discharged after Percutaneous Coronary

NHI/LSEHS

Intervention in a Suburban City of Japan: A Cohort Study Using Claims Data

The National HealthMunicipality

Insurance system andKashiwa

20122015 Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory systemafter discharge following percutaneous coronary Older persons

City

Older Adults

intervention

Late Elders’ Health
Insurance
Nakajima 2020 Prevalence of myocardial injury requiring percutaneous coronary intervention after acute

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2018 Intervention effect20182020 COVID-19

carbon monoxide poisoning
Hagiwara 2021 A comparison of the safety and effectiveness of prasugrel and clopidogrel in younger

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiseases

Injury, poisoning and certain othermyocardial injury, acute carbon monoxide

consequences of external causes

poisoning (T58)

Diseases of the circulatory systempatients undergoing percutaneous coronary

Diseases of the circulatory system

percutaneous coronary intervention

patients undergoing percutaneous coronary

intervention

population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A retrospective study using a
Japanese claims database
Maeda 2021

Changes in percutaneous coronary intervention practice in Japan during the COVID-19

NHI/LSEHS

outbreak: LIFE Study

National HealthMunicipality

Insurance and Later-

Kobe

Medical treatment status

age categories

City

Stage Elderly
Healthcare System
Seki 2019

Follow-up tests and outcomes for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary

MDV

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

NDB

Nationwide

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

NDB

Nationwide

2015

2016

Diseases of the circulatory system

Nationwide

2014

2016 Health economics

Diseases of the circulatory systemseverely calcified coronary artery lesions

Nationwide

2006

2013 Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the circulatory system

Nationwide

20182020 COVID-19

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

Treatment strategy modification and its implication on the medical cost of fractional flow MDV

CVIT-DEFER Registry Nationwide

2008

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory systemstable coronary artery disease

reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in Japan

study

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute coronary syndrome, acute myocardialintervention: analysis of a Japanese administrative databaseOno 2018

Utilization of Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Agents Among Patients With Atrial

Othersaged ≥18 years

coronary artery disease

Othersaged ≥18 years

acute coronary syndrome

Othersaged 18 years or olderintervention
Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous

Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - Retrospective Cohort Study

Coronary Intervention

Using a Nationwide Claims Database in Japan
Ochibe 2020

Study of the Effect of the Perioperative Administration of Statin on the Prognosis ofIntervention effect

OthersPercutaneous Coronary Intervention Using the National Health Insurance Claims

statin administration during PCI andcardiovascular events

Database in Japan
Pietzsch 2018

Cost-effectiveness of orbital atherectomy compared to rotational atherectomy in treating MDV

Clinical data:

patients with severely calcified coronary artery lesions in Japan

published literature

Kanazawa

Underuse of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Workers With Coronary Artery Disease - Claims

2017

Database Survey in Japan

Morishita 2021 Trends, Treatment Approaches, and In-Hospital Mortality for Acute Coronary Syndrome

JMDC
DPC

QIP

in Japan During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Tanaka 2019
Yamada 2015

Benchmark Analysis and Comparative Study of the Quality Indicators of ACS/AMI withDPC

MDV: EVE

Health economics

utilization
Othersthe DPC Data

JADECO2012

2012 Quality of care

M: 13

infarction

hospitals
Isogai 2015

Hospital volume and cardiac complications of endomyocardial biopsy: a retrospective

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory systemcomplications with endomyocardial biopsy

Othersaged ≥20 years

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory system

digoxin prescription

Othersaged 20–74 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

structural heart disease

Othersaged ≥18 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemadult congenital heart disease

Othersaged ≥15 years

acute heart failur, overweight and obese

Othersaged 20 year or older

cohort study of 9508 adult patients using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan
Ooba 2020

Frequency of Clinical Monitoring of Serum Concentrations of Digoxin, Potassium, andutilization

Creatinine, and Recording of Electrocardiograms in Digoxin-Treated Patients: A Japanese
Claims Database Analysis
Kitamura 2020 Patient characteristics, procedure details including catheter devices, and complicationsof catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia: a nationwide observational study
Mizuno 2020

Impact of facilities accredited by both adult and pediatric cardiology societies on the

diseasesDPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

outcome of patients with adult congenital heart disease

JCS-

2013

certified

2014 Health policy evaluation andutilizationteaching
hospitals
Isogai 2018

Clinical features and peripartum outcomes in pregnant women with cardiac disease: a

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2014 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course ofnationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan
Impact of Body Mass Index on Activities of Daily Living in Inpatients with Acute Heart

2019

FailureTamaki 2019

Characteristics of heart failure patients incurring high medical costs via matching specific NHI/LSEHS
Differences between determinants of in-hospital mortality and hospitalisation costs for

Diseases of the circulatory system

Hiroshi

Endocrine, nutritional andcardiac disease (pregnant women)

metabolic diseases

NHI

Municipality

2016

2017 Health economics

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

Others40 to 74 years

QIP

Nationwide

2010

2011 Health economics

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure (I50.x)

Othersaged 20 years or older

Nationwide

2011

2013 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

Othersaged 20 years or older

20122016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

excluded aged less thanma City
DPC

Pregnancy, childbirth and thepuerperium

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiseaseshealth examination results and medical claim data: a cross-sectional study
Sasaki 2017

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Wakabayashi

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasespatients with acute heart failure: a nationwide observational study from Japan
Nakao 2015

[Actual use of a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist in hospitalized heart failure patients

MDV: using a Japanese hospital database]Matsuda 2019

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the usage of medical and

NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

OthersA

nursing care services of elderly heart failure patients using consolidated data on healthclaims and LTC

municip

insurance claims in medical and nursing care]*insurance claims data

ality indiseases

Health policy evaluation andutilization

WesternJapan
Yagi 2018

Association Between Early Rehabilitation and Mobility Status in Elderly Inpatients with

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

Others

2011

2016 Health economics

Diseases of the circulatory systemchronic heart failure

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

2008

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory systemchronic heart failure

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

Others≥15 years of age

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

Others≥20 years of age

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute heart failure

Othersolder than 20 years ofHeart Failure: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of factors related to medical

60 years
NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

OthersA

and long-term care benefit costs for elderly people requiring long-term care with chronicclaims and LTC

municip

heart failure using the comprehensive medical and long-term care database]*

insurance claims data

ality inWesternJapan

Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of factors related to the

NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

OthersA

deaths of elderly people requiring long-term care with chronic heart failure using theclaims and LTC

municip

comprehensive medical and long-term care database]*

insurance claims data

ality indiseasesWesternJapan
Abe 2021

Actual state of "triple therapy" for heart failure patients in eight regions of Japan: An

MDVNationwide

20172018 Medical treatment statusDPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2017 Intervention effectDPC

ATTEND registry,

Nationwide

2010

2011 Quality of care

Socioeconomic comparison

analysis of a nationwide medical claims database
Kusunose 2021 Association between Vitamin D and Heart Failure Mortality in 10,974 Hospitalized
Individuals
Sasaki 2014

The relationship between the number of cardiologists and clinical practice patterns inacute heart failure: a cross-sectional observational study

JCARE-CARD registry

Research methodologyageKaneko 2021

Impact of hospital volume on clinical outcomes of hospitalized heart failure patients:

DPC

DPC Study Group

Nationwide

2010

2018 Health policy evaluation andNationwide

2008

2018 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure (I50,I11.0, I13.0, and I13.2)

20102018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

hospitalized heart failure patients

2012

2014 Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory system

hospitalized heart failure patientsanalysis of a nationwide database including 447,818 patients with heart failure
Kuragaichi

Temporal trends of a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist in heart failure using a

2021

nationwide database in Japan

Itoh 2020

Reverse J-shaped relationship between body mass index and in-hospital mortality of

Nationwide

DPC

patients hospitalized for heart failure in Japan
Kaku 2020

Impact of Hospital Practice Factors on Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for Heart

Diseases of the circulatory systemutilization
MDV

heart failure (ICD-10 codes I50.0, I50.1, andOthersaged ≥20 years

Othersaged ≥20 years

I50.9)

diseasesDPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide(hospital

Failure in Japan - An Analysis of a Large Number of Health Records From a Nationwides agreed

Claims-Based Database, the JROAD-DPC

toutilization

participa
te in theJROADDPC
database study)
Kaneko 2020

Characteristics and Outcomes of Super-Elderly Patients (Aged >=90 Years) Hospitalized DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2012

2014 Intervention effectfor Heart Failure - Analysis of a Nationwide Inpatient Database
Nagai 2019

Effect of intravenous carperitide versus nitrates as first-line vasodilators on in-hospital

Diseases of the circulatory systemsuper-elderly heart failure

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute heart failure

Othersaged ≥20 years

OthersAdult patients

Othersaged ≥20 years

diseasesDPC

JROAD-DPC

outcomes in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure: Insight from a nationwide
claim-based database
Kunisawa 2019 [Regional comparison of health care quality using DPC data]*

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2016 Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute heart failure, stroke

Chen 2021

MDV

Nationwide

2013

2017 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute heart failure

Nationwide

2013

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute heart failure

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Health economics

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2012

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Disease Management and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure in

Socioeconomic comparisonJapan
Ide 2021

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure From

DPC

JROAD

the Large-Scale Japanese Registry Of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (JROADHF)
Kaneko 2021

Early Initiation of Feeding and In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for Acutediseases

Heart Failure
Yasui 2021

Association between ambulance use and hospitalization costs among heart failure
patients

Itoh 2020

Serial Changes in Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of 5,740 Patients Requiring
Repeated Hospital Admissions (Four or More Times) due to Worsened Heart Failure

Kaneko 2020

Association between the number of hospital admissions and in-hospital outcomes inpatients with heart failure

Konishi 2020

Impact of population density on mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure In-hospital resource utilization, worsening heart failure, and factors associated withheart failure

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

Othersaged ≥20 years

Socioeconomic comparison

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

Othersaged ≥20 years

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

heart failure

Othersaged ≥20 years

aged ≥20 years

diseasesDPC

J-ROAD-DPC

JROAD-DPC Registry Analysis
Mitani 2020

Diseases of the circulatory system
Medical treatment status

diseasesdiseasesMDV

length of hospital stay in patients with hospitalized heart failure: A Japanese databasediseasescohort study
Kanaoka 2019

Hospitalization Costs for Patients With Acute Congestive Heart Failure in JapanDPC

J-ROAD

Nationwide

2012

2015 Health economics

Diseases of the circulatory system

Acute Congestive Heart Failure

OthersKanaoka 2019

Number of Cardiologists per Cardiovascular Beds and In-Hospital Mortality for Acute

DPC

J-ROAD

Nationwide

2012

2014 Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory system

Acute Heart Failure

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

Acute Heart Failure

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute heart failure

Othersaged ≥18 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

Heart failure

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertensive patients

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertension

Heart Failure: A Nationwide Study in Japan
Suzuki 2019

Effectiveness of Early Rehabilitation for Acute Heart Failure: A RETROSPECTIVE

utilization
JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Intervention effect2012

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of2010

2011 Health economics

COHORT STUDY
Mizuno 2017

The impact of carperitide usage on the cost of hospitalization and outcome in patients

Health economics

with acute heart failure: High value care vs. low value care campaign in Japan
Aizawa 2015

Factors associated with 30-day readmission of patients with heart failure from a

DPC

Nationwide

Japanese administrative database
Akazawa 2013 Economic impact of switching to fixed-dose combination therapy for Japanese

age categories

diseases
Othershypertensive patients: a retrospective cost analysis

Nihon Chouzai

PrefectureTokyopharmacy claims

Health policy evaluation andutilization

database
Ishida 2019

Treatment patterns of antihypertensive fixed-dose combinations according to age and

MDVNationwide

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

MDV

Nationwide

2013

2015 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertension

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2011 Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertension

Othersaged ≥20 years

Nishimura

Adherence to antihypertensive medication and its predictors among non-elderly adults in JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertensive patients

Others30-74 years of age

2020

Japan

Fukushima

Impact of Hypertension on Hospitalizations for Cardiovascular Diseases in a Worksite

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

Cardiovascular Diseases, hypertension

Othersaged 40–64 years

2019

Population: An Epidemiologic Study Using Claims Data for Workers

Ishida 2019

Current prescription status of antihypertensive drugs in Japanese patients with

MDV

Nationwide

2014

2015 Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertension

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

Resistant Hypertension

Othersaged ≥36 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertensive Japanese patients

Diseases of the circulatory systemantihypertensive therapies

Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

isolated diastolic hypertension

Othersaged ≥20 years

Patient health service utilization

Othersaged ≥20 years

Othersaged less than 75 years

number of agents prescribed: Retrospective analysis using a Japanese claims database
Ishida 2018

Current use of antihypertensive drugs in Japanese patients with hypertension: Analysis

Socioeconomic comparison

age groupby age group
Kuriyama 2015 Predicting failure to follow-up screened high blood pressure in Japan: a cohort study

Intervention effectdiseases

hypertension: Analysis by type of comorbidities
Takahashi[Antihypertensive Drug Use for Resistant Hypertension in Real-World Settings at

2017

Hospitals with Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) System in Japan]

Hiroi 2016

Analysis of second- and third-line antihypertensive treatments after initial therapy with

MDV

MDV

Nationwide

2013

2013 Medical treatment status

OthersJMDC and MDVNationwide

2008

2015 Medical treatment status

NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

2014

2014 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2005

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course ofan angiotensin II receptor blocker using real-world Japanese data
Hiragi 2021

Association between the size of healthcare facilities and the intensity of hypertension
therapy: a cross-sectional comparison of prescription data from insurance claims data

Kaneko 2020

Association of Isolated Diastolic Hypertension Based on the Cutoff Value in the 2017

Health policy evaluation andutilization

JMDC

American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines

diseases

With Subsequent Cardiovascular Events in the General Population
Ishida 2019

Treatment patterns and adherence to antihypertensive combination therapies in JapanMDVNationwide

2014

2016 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertension

JMDC, MDV

Nationwide

2008

2016 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertension

Jamm Net (Study 2)

Nationwide

2013

2014 Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertensive patientsusing a claims database
Ohishi 2019

Analysis of antihypertensive treatment using real-world Japanese data: the retrospective Others
study of antihypertensives for lowering blood pressure(REAL) study

Saito 2016

Medication-taking behavior in hypertensive patients with a single-tablet, fixed-dose
combination in Japan

OthersoldShima 2015

[Evaluation of Concomitant Drug Use Among Patients Prescribed Amlodipine 10 mg

Others

MinaCareNationwide

2010

2014 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertension

Iyaku-Joho-Kenkyujo Nationwide

2011

2013 Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the circulatory systemanti-hypertensive pill

Nationwide

2005

2011 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

hypertension

Othersaged ≥20 years

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

infective endocarditis

Othersaged ≥20 years

2012

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

infective endocarditis (I33)

Othersaged ≥20 years

2010

2015

2011

2017 Medical treatment status

2003

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Daily]
Suzuki 2015

[Patients’ Adherence of Fixed-Dose Single Pill of Amlodipine/Atorvastatin in Comparison Otherswith Separate-Pill Amlodipine + Rosuvastatin Combination Therapy (Retrospective
Cohort Study)]

Kohro 2013

The impact of a change in hypertension management guidelines on diuretic use in Japan: JMDC

Health policy evaluation andtrends in antihypertensive drug prescriptions from 2005 to 2011
Kiriyama 2021 Surgical treatment for infective endocarditis in the ageing society: a nationwide

utilization
DPC

retrospective study in Japan
Ohbe 2021

Increased risk of infective endocarditis after traumatic skin wound

Medical treatment status

diseases
Others

JMDC, National

Others

JMDC

Health Insurance andandKumamoto database

Kumam(Later-Stage Elderly

oto

Healthcare System)

database

Kurogi 2018

Comparing intracerebral hemorrhages associated with direct oral anticoagulants or

DPC

J-ASPECT Study

Nationwide

NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

OthersClinical epidemiology, course of

warfarin
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the current status of PCI

Intervention effect Diseases of the circulatory system

intracerebral hemorrhages (I61.0-9, I62.0-1,

diseases

implementation for elderly people with ischemic heart disease requiring long-term care]*A

claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality inand I62.9)
Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory systemischemic heart disease

Older persons

Older People

Diseases of the circulatory systemischemic heart disease

Others30-55 years old

Endocrine, nutritional andIschemic heart disease (hypertension, diabetes Others

40-79 years oldmetabolic diseases

and dyslipidemia)

Western
Japan
Hatanaka 2015 [Risk factors for ischemic heart disease in males in the prime of life: An eight-year

Othersfollow-up study]

DENSO Health

OthersInsurance Society

DENSO
HealthdiseasesInsurance
Huang 2012

Impact of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia on ischemic heart disease among

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Prefecture

Japanese: A case-control study based on National Health Insurance medical claims
Tsujita 2020

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Japanese patients with ischemic heart disease

Nagasak

2010

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of20162017 Intervention effecti
MDVNationwide

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiseases
Diseases of the circulatory systemischemic heart disease (I20–I25)

Diseases of the circulatory systemischemic heart diseases

Diseases of the circulatory systemischemic heart diseases

receiving vonoprazan or a proton pump inhibitor with multiple antithrombotic agents: A
nationwide database study
Fujita 2017

[Evaluation of Secondary Healthcare Area on ischemic heart diseases from data of

JHIA

Fukuoka BranchPrefecture

Fukuoka

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

NHI/LSEHS

National HealthPrefecture

Fukuoka

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

beneficiaries of Fukuoka Branch of National Health Insurance Association]
Fujita 2017

[A study on hospitalization behavior and setting of secondary medical care zones byHealth policy evaluation andutilization

insurer for ischemic heart disease using data on health insurance claims]*

Insurance and Later-

Health policy evaluation andutilization

Stage Elderly
Healthcare System
Chikuda 2014

Ischemic stroke after cervical spine injury: analysis of 11,005 patients using the Japanese DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effectNationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effectNationwide

2010

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diagnosis Procedure Combination database

Diseases of the circulatory system

Ischemic stroke

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute ischemic stroke

Others≥20 year of age

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute ischemic stroke

Othersaged ≥18 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute ischemic stroke

diseases

Yamashita

Comparison of hospital length of stay of acute ischemic stroke patients with non-valvular MDV

2020

atrial fibrillation started on rivaroxaban or warfarin treatment during hospitalization

Miyamoto

Expanded Indication for Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator from 3 to 4.5 h after2020

Onset of Stroke in Japan

Kada 2019

National trends in outcomes of ischemic stroke and prognostic influence of stroke center DPC

J-ASPECT (Japan

capability in Japan, 2010-2016

Neurosurgical Society

DPC

diseases

Health policy evaluation andutilization

and Japan Stroke
Society)
Otsubo 2015

Regional variations in in-hospital mortality, care processes, and spending in acute

NDB

ischemic stroke patients in Japan

National HealthPrefecture

8

Insurance

prefectu

beneficiaries andresLong-Life Medical(Fukui,

Care SystemMie,beneficiaries

Shiga,

20102012 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison

Diseases of the circulatory systemischemic stroke

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

2010

2011 Prediction model

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory systemischaemic stroke

Othersaged ≥18 years

Kyoto,
Osaka,
Nara,
Wakayama, and
Hyogo)
Lee 2013

Derivation and validation of in-hospital mortality prediction models in ischaemic stroke

DPC

QIP

Nationwide

patients using administrative data176
hospitaldiseasess
Maeda 2021

Risk of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation According to Sex in Patients Aged Younger Than 75

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory systemischaemic stroke in patients with atrial

Othersaged ≥20 years

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Ischemic Stroke

Othersaged >20 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010 Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute ischemic stroke

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemischemic stroke

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersaged ≥20 years

Years: A Large-Scale, Observational Study Using Real-World Data
Yagi 2017

Impact of Rehabilitation on Outcomes in Patients With Ischemic Stroke: A Nationwide

diseases

fibrillation

Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan
Iwamoto 2015

Effectiveness of Hospital Functions for Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment on In-Hospital
Mortality: Results From a Nationwide Survey in Japan

Wada 2015

Relationship between hospital volume and early outcomes in acute ischemic stroke

utilization
DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Health policy evaluation andNationwide

2010

2011 Health policy evaluation and

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Socioeconomic comparison

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012

Association of dialysis with in-hospital disability progression and mortality in community- DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course ofpatients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Iihara 2014

utilization

Effects of comprehensive stroke care capabilities on in-hospital mortality of patients with DPC

J-ASPECT Study

ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: J-ASPECT study
Kunisawa 2013 Association of geographical factors with administration of tissue plasminogen activator

Diseases of the circulatory system

Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Diseases of the circulatory system

Acute ischemic stroke

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute ischemic stroke

utilization
Medical treatment status

for acute ischemic stroke
Wada 2014

Effects of edaravone on early outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with

Intervention effectrecombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Usui 2019

onset stroke

diseases

Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Diseases of the genitourinary
systemstroke, dialysis

Maeda 2020

Increased Incident Ischemic Stroke Risk in Advanced Kidney Disease: A Large-ScaleJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2013

2015 Quality of care

Diseases of the circulatory system

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

2015

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Real-World Data Study
Ren 2021

Measuring quality of care for ischemic stroke treated with acute reperfusion therapy inIntervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiseasesDPC

J-ASPECT study

Diseases of the genitourinary
Diseases of the nervous system

Japan ― the close the gap-stroke ―Naganuma

Othersaged ≥20 years

acute ischemic stroke (ICD-10 codes: I63.0–

Othersaged ≥18 years

Others≥18 years of age

I63.9) or transient ischemic attack (G45)

Clinical features of isolated dissections of abdominal aortic branches

DPC

Nationwide

Real clinical management of patients with isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection

DPC

Nationwide

2016
Mizuno 2018

Ischemic Stroke, Advanced Kidney Diseasesystemisolated dissections of abdominal aortic

diseasesin Japan141
hospitalbranches
Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute myocardial infarctiondiseasess
Otsubo 2012

[Readmission rate for health care delivery system assessment]

NHI/LSEHS

National HealthPrefecture

Kyoto

2009

2010 Research methodology

Insurance and Later-

utilization

Stage Elderly
Healthcare System
Kanazawa

In-hospital cardiac rehabilitation and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial

2020

infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective cohort study

Miki 2019

Association of intensive care unit admission and mortality in patients with acute

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute myocardial infarction

Nationwide

2014

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute myocardial infarction

DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute myocardial infarction

Othersaged ≥20 years

DPC

DPC Study Group

Nationwide

2010

2013 Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute myocardial infarction

Othersaged ≥20 years

DPC

J-ROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

Acute Myocardial Infarction

DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Intervention effectQuality of care

Diseases of the circulatory system

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Othersaged ≥18 years

DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effect

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Others

DPC and non-DPC

Others

2009

2011 Research methodology

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute myocardial infarction

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute myocardial infarction

Othersaged ≥20 years

2012

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute myocardial infarction and heart failure

20122014 Research methodology

Diseases of the circulatory system

Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure

20092018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

acute myocardinal infarction, osteoarthritis and Others≥18 years of age

system and connective tissuechronic low back pain

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

acute myocardial infarction, rheumatoid

system and connective tissue

arthritis

MDV

age categories

myocardial infarction
Kanaoka 2018

Number of Board-Certified Cardiologists and Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related
Mortality in Japan - JROAD and JROAD-DPC Registry Analysis

Isogai 2015

Effect of weekend admission for acute myocardial infarction on in-hospital mortality: autilization

retrospective cohort study
Matoba 2021

Institutional Characteristics and Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction Withutilization

Cardiogenic Shock in Japan - Analysis From the JROAD/JROAD-DPC Database
Nakao 2019

Prescription Rates of Guideline-Directed Medications Are Associated With In-Hospital

diseases

Health policy evaluation andutilization

Mortality Among Japanese Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Report From
JROAD - DPC Study
Uemura 2019

Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Elderly Patients With Acute Myocardial
Infarction - An Analysis From a Japanese Nationwide Claim-Based Database

Ando 2018

Positive predictive value of ICD-10 codes for acute myocardial infarction in Japan: avalidation study at a single centera largeclaims data,

tertiary-

electronic medical

care

records

universityhospital

Isogai 2016

Atrial natriuretic peptide therapy and in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction

DPC

patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Yasuda 2016

The current status of cardiovascular medicine in Japan – Analysis of a large number of

DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

DPC

JROAD-DPC, clinical

Othershealth records from a nationwide claim-based database, JROAD-DPC
Nakai 2021

Validation of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure Diagnoses in Hospitalized

diseasesPatients With the Nationwide Claim-Based JROAD-DPC Database
Kikuchi 2021

Database Analysis on the Relationships Between Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug

Medical treatment status

5

dataset (from chart

institutio

review)ns

JMDC

Nationwide(I21.0–I21.9 and I50.0–I50.9)

Treatment Variables and Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Japanese Patientswith Osteoarthritis and Chronic Low Back Pain
Isogai 2017

Treatments and in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients with

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Medical treatment status

Pediatric Fulminant Myocarditis in Japan: A Retrospective Nationwide Database Study of DPC

Nationwide

2012

2018 Medical treatment status

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute myocarditis

ChildrenNationwide

2007

2013 Intervention effectless than 18 years old

Diseases of the circulatory system

Fulminant myocarditis

OthersNationwide

2005

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course ofaged ≥16 years

Diseases of the circulatory systemperipheral arterial disease

OthersDPC

Nationwide

2007

45-64 years old

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

pulmonary embolism (ICD-10 codes: I26.0,

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Spinal epidural hematoma

Othersaged ≥20 years

2011

2012 Research methodology

Diseases of the circulatory systemstroke, acute myocardial infarction

Othersaged ≥40, <70 years

post-stroke (ICD-10 codes: I60-I63) aspiration

Othersaged ≥50 years

rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan
Ohki 2021

Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin for fulminant myocarditis on in-hospital mortality:

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiseasesHospital Volume, Management Practices, and Mortality
Isogai 2015

Clinical epidemiology, course ofClinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesDPC

DPC Study Group

propensity score analyses
Hosaka 2014

Clinical and economic burden in patients with diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in a JMDC
claims database in Japan

Isogai 2015

Effectiveness of inferior vena cava filters on mortality as an adjuvant to antithrombotic

Health economics

diseases

therapy
Makito 2021

Spinal epidural hematoma and abscess after neuraxial anesthesia: a historical cohort

I26.9)

study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database
Kakizaki 2018[Study on the probability of incident stroke and acute myocardial infarction using DPC

DPC

data]

DPC data, Disease

OthersRegistries for JPHCa single
centerResearch(comparison of thenumber of cases)
Kumazawa

Association between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Post-Stroke

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Diseases of the respiratory system

2019

Aspiration Pneumonia

MomosakiProton Pump Inhibitors versus Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists and Risk of Pneumonia DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Diseases of the respiratory system

2016

in Patients with Acute Stroke

Sakai 2013

How Does the Accuracy of ICD Coding Influence for Resource Consumption Under the

Nationwide

2008

2008 Health economics

pneumonia (J13-J18 and J69)
patients
DPC

Casemix Based Evaluation
Hosoi 2020

Association between comprehensive geriatric assessment and short-term outcomesoccurrence of pneumonia in acute stroke

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory systemstroke cases

utilization
DPC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory systemstroke (ICD-10 code: I63)

Older persons

aged 65 or older

20102015 Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory systemacute stroke (ICD10 codes: I60-63)

Older persons

aged 75 years or older

Diseases of the circulatory systemstrokeOthersExclusion: <18 years of

Diseases of the circulatory system

cardioembolic stroke

among older adult patients with stroke: A nationwide retrospective cohort study using
propensity score and instrumental variable methods
Nishi 2017

Impact of financial incentives for inter-provider care coordination on health-care resource NHI/LSEHS

claims data of theutilization among elderly acute stroke patients

DPC/PDPS

Prefecture

Fukuoka
Prefectu

utilizationreNishimura

Development of Quality Indicators of Stroke Centers and Feasibility of Their2019

Measurement Using a Nationwide Insurance Claims Database in Japan - J-ASPECT Study

Yasaka 2018

Recurrent Stroke and Bleeding Events after Acute Cardioembolic Stroke-Analysis Using
Japanese Healthcare Database from Acute-Care Institutions

DPC

J-ASPECT

Nationwide

2013

2015 Quality of care

Nationwide

2008

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

age
MDV

diseases

Medical treatment status

Wada 2016

Outcomes of Argatroban Treatment in Patients With Atherothrombotic Stroke:

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory systematherothrombotic stroke

Nationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory systemstrokeOthersaged ≥40 years

Observational Nationwide Study in Japan
Amin 2019

Trends in hospital standardized mortality ratios for stroke in Japan between 2012 andDPC

2016: a retrospective observational study

Medi-Target
benchmarking project

diseases(All Japan Hospital
Association: AJHA)
Wada 2016

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

noncardioembolic stroke

Othersaged ≥40 years

Matsui 2015

Ozagrel for Patients With Noncardioembolic Ischemic Stroke: A Propensity ScoreVariation in Risk-Standardized Mortality of Stroke among Hospitals in Japan

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the circulatory systemstrokeOthersaged ≥20 years

Ido 2020

Effect of treatment modality and cerebral vasospasm agent on patient outcomes after

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

subarachnoid hemorrhage

2011

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Diseases of the circulatory systemaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ICD10Matched Analysis
utilization
aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the elderly aged 75 years and older

J-ASPECT Study
Diagnosis Procedure
Combination

Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the prognosis of patients

NHI/LSEHS

with subarachnoid hemorrhage: In relation to normal pressure hydrocephalus]*

medical insurance

OthersA

claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality indiseasesWesternJapan
Hironaka 2020 Outcomes in Elderly Japanese Patients Treated for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015

Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory systemaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory systemaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Nationwide Study
Ikawa 2020

Risk Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Age and Treatment

Medical treatment status

diseases

age groups

codes, I60.0-I60.7)
age group

Method from a Nationwide Database in Japan
Ikawa 2020

In-hospital mortality and poor outcome after surgical clipping and endovascular coilingDPC

systematic review

Nationwide

2010

2015

DPC

J-ASPECT

Nationwide

2010

2015 Health policy evaluation and

DPC

J-ASPECT Study

Nationwide

2012

2013

Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Nationwide

2010

2016

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

Nationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course offor aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using nationwide databases: a systematic
review and meta-analysis
Kurogi 2020

Effects of case volume and comprehensive stroke center capabilities on patient
outcomes of clipping and coiling for subarachnoid hemorrhage

Kurogi 2018

Effect of treatment modality on in-hospital outcome in patients with subarachnoid

Intervention effect Diseases of the circulatory system

subarachnoid hemorrhage

utilization
subarachnoid hemorrhage (I60.0–9)

hemorrhage: a nationwide study in Japan (J-ASPECT Study)
Oda 2021

Snowfall reduces the risk of chronic subdural hematoma onset: Analysis of an

DPCadministrative database in Japan
Kanaoka 2020

chronic subdural hematoma (I62.0, S65.0)

Othersaged ≥40 years

Diseases of the circulatory system

Takotsubo syndrom (ICD-10 code I518)

Othersaged ≥20 years

diseases

Role of climatic factors in the incidence of Takotsubo syndrome: A nationwide study from DPC

JROAD-DPC

2012 to 2016

(Japanese Circulation

Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

diseasesSociety)
Isogai 2018

Clinical characteristics of patients with Takotsubo syndrome diagnosed without coronary

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2014 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

Takotsubo syndrome

Othersaged ≥20 years

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

Takotsubo syndrome (I42.8, I42.9 or I51.8)

Othersaged ≥20 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

In‑hospital Takotsubo syndrome versus in‑

Othersaged ≥20 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Othersaged ≥20 years

MDV

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory system

Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

OthersDPC

Nationwide

2010

2015

Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

unruptured cerebral aneurysms

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015

Intervention effect

MDV

Nationwide

2003

2009 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2003

2009 Intervention effectartery evaluation: A retrospective nationwide study
Isogai 2017

Seasonal variation in patient characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of Takotsubo
syndrome: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan

Isogai 2014

Out-of-hospital versus in-hospital Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: analysis of 3719 patients

diseasesin the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan
Isogai 2019In-hospital Takotsubo syndrome versus in-hospital acute myocardial infarction among

diseasespatients admitted for non-cardiac diseases: a nationwide inpatient database study
Isogai 2016

Early beta-blocker use and in-hospital mortality in patients with Takotsubo

diseases

hospital acute myocardial infarction

cardiomyopathy
Winburn 2019

Estimating the Prevalence of Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy in a Large InHospital Database in Japan

Ikawa 2020

Propensity Score Matching Analysis for the Patients of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm

aged ≥20 years

diseases
age groupfrom a Post Hoc Analysis of a Nationwide Database in Japan
Ikawa 2019

Treatment Risk for Elderly Patients with Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm from a

Diseases of the circulatory system

Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm

Others12 to 93 years of age

Health economics

Diseases of the circulatory system

venous thromboembolosm

Othersaged 18 years or older

Health economics

Nationwide Database in Japan
Sakon 2015

Economic Burden of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal
Surgery

Takai 2013

Economic Impact of Venous Thromboembolism Following Major Orthopaedic Surgery in

diseases
Diseases of the circulatory system

Venous thromboembolism

Othersage ≥18 years

DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2017 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the circulatory system

venous thromboembolism

Othersaged ≥20 years

DPC

JROAD-DPC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effect

Diseases of the circulatory system

venous thromboembolism

Othersaged ≥20 years

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2013 Medical treatment status

Nutritional management in inpatients with aspiration pneumonia: a cohort medical claims MDVNationwide

2013

2018 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

aspiration pneumonia (ICD-10, J69)

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

2013

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

aspiration pneumonitis

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

Japan
Yamashita

Temporal Trends in the Practice Pattern for Venous Thromboembolism in Japan: Insight

2020

From JROAD-DPC

Ohyama 2019

Effect of Inferior Vena Cava Filter on Venous Thromboembolism Mortality in Japan JROAD and JROAD-DPC Registry Analysis

Nakamura

Predictors of venous thromboembolism recurrence and the bleeding events identified

2017using a Japanese healthcare database

Pregnancy, childbirth and thepuerperium

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the circulatory systemdiseases

Pregnancy, childbirth and thevenous thromboembolism

puerperium10) Diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99)
Maeda 2021

database study
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of presymptomatic situations

NHI/LSEHS

in patients with aspiration pneumonia]*

medical insurance

OthersA

claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality indiseasesWesternJapan
MomosakiPredictive factors for oral intake after aspiration pneumonia in older adults

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

aspiration pneumonia (ICD-10 code, J69)

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Effect of early rehabilitation on activities of daily living in patients with aspiration

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

aspiration pneumonia (ICD-10 code: J69)

Older persons

excluded aged under 60

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

aspiration pneumonia (ICD-10 codes, J69)

Older persons

aged 70 to 100 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

aspiration pneumonia (ICD-10 codes, J69)

Older persons

excluded aged less than

2016
Yagi 2016

diseasespneumonia

MomosakiEffect of early rehabilitation by physical therapists on in-hospital mortality after2015

aspiration pneumonia in the elderly

MomosakiEffect of dysphagia rehabilitation on oral intake in elderly patients with aspiration

2015

pneumonia

years (elderly patients)

65 yearsSasaki 2019

Quality Scope

医療の質への展望

タ活用による考察「医療の質の評価・公表等推進事業」におけるDPCデー DPC(EF file)

Nationwide

誤嚥性肺炎の2指標について

68

2016

2017 Quality of care

Diseases of the respiratory system

2013

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

aspiration pneumonia

hospitals

Tsuneishi 2017 [Association between Number of Teeth and Medical Visit due to Aspiration Pneumonia in NDB

Nationwide

Older People Using the Receipt and Health Checkup Information Database]Diseases of the digestive system

Number of Teeth, Aspiration Pneumonia

Older persons

aged 65 or older

diseasesAbe 2021

Trends in hospitalizations for asthma during the COVID-19 outbreak in JapanMDVNationwide

20172020 COVID-19

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaNagase 2020

Prevalence, disease burden, and treatment reality of patients with severe, uncontrolled

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaOthers20112015 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthma, Acid-suppressive medications

Others40-64-year-old

children (aged <18years) , adults (aged>18 years)

asthma in Japan
Tomita 2020

Acid-suppressive medication as a possible risk factor for late-onset asthma

diseases
Othersdata from 3 health

Others3 health

insurance societies

insuranc(MHI Co., Ltd)eaged ≥17 years at theindex date

Otherssocieties
Yoshida 2020

Assessment of asthma severity according to treatment steps in Japanese pediatric

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2015 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaChildrenaged 2-15 years old

JMDC

Nationwide

2015

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaChildrenaged <10 years

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofPatient health service utilization

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaOthers>15-65 years of age

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the respiratory system

AsthmaOthersaged ≥15 years

Prenatal and early-life antibiotic use and risk of childhood asthma: A retrospective cohort JMDC

patients: a descriptive cross-sectional study using an administrative claims database
Sanada 2020

[Relationship between weather and childhood asthma: the "Health Weather" projectusing weather and medical data]

Sato 2019

The Prevalence, Characteristics, and Patient Burden of Severe Asthma Determined bydiseases

Using a Japan Health Care Claims Database
Atsuta 2018

Patients with Asthma Prescribed Once-Daily Fluticasone Furoate/Vilanterol or Twice-diseases

Daily Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol as Maintenance Treatment: Analysis from a
Claims Database
Yoshida 2018

Nationwide

2005

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthma, antibiotic use

Childrenuntil age 6

JMDCNationwide

2008

2012 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

OthersasthmaChildrenaged 3 to 15 years

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaChildrenpediatric asthma

study
Hamada 2015

Asthma Controller Medications for Children in Japan: Analysis of an Administrative
Claims Database

Nishimuta[The Factual Survey of Pediatric Asthma Treatment Using Electronic Receipt Data :2014

Aiming for the Improvement of QOL of Both Patients and Their Parents]

Ishii 2020

Inhaled corticosteroid-containing regimens reduce hospitalizations and healthcare costs

diseasespatients

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Prefecture

Oita

2011

2018 Intervention effect

Health economics

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaOlder persons

65 years of age or older

NHI/LSEHS

National HealthPrefecture

Kyoto

2009

2009 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

Diseases of the respiratory system

AsthmaOthersage ≥15 years

Health economics

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthma or status asthmaticus (ICD-10: codes

Others≥15 years of age

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaamong elderly asthmatics: Real-world validation using the national health insurance
claims database
Morishima

Physician adherence to asthma treatment guidelines in Japan: focus on inhaled2013

corticosteroids

Insurance and Long
Life Medical Care
SystemSato 2020

Burden of Asthma in Elderly Japanese Patients: Using Hospital-Based Administrative

MDV

Nationwide

2014

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Intervention effectClaims Data
Takeuchi 2017 Risk of Acute Asthma Attacks Associated With Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A

diseases

J45 and J46)

Self-Controlled Case Series
Hasegawa

Prognostic nomogram for inpatients with asthma exacerbation

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Prediction model

Hirashima

Effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on mortality in patients with severe acute

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaOthersaged ≥18 years

Diseases of the respiratory systemsevere acute asthma (ICD-10 code: J46)

Othersaged ≥15 years

2016

asthmaInoue 2019

A retrospective cohort study evaluating healthcare resource utilization in patients with

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2015 Medical treatment status

Uncontrolled asthma: a retrospective cohort study in Japanese patients newly prescribed JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2015 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaOthersaged ≥16 years

Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

uncontrolled asthma

OthersNationwide

2015

aged ≥12 years

2017 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the respiratory system

asthmaOthers≥15 years of age

20142018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health economics

Diseases of the respiratory system

2011

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course ofasthma, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity

Othersaged 40-64 years

aged 3- 8 years

2017

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

asthma in Japan
Inoue 2021

with medium-/high-dose ICS/LABA
Suzuki 2020

Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, disease burden, and persistence/adherence

JMDC

in patients with asthma initiating inhaled triple therapy: real-world evidence from JapanTo 2021Real-world treatment and health care resource use among severe asthma patients in

MDV

Nationwide

Japan
Tomita 2019

Obesity, but not metabolic syndrome, as a risk factor for late-onset asthma in Japanese

asthmadiseases
OthersMHI Co., Ltd.

Others

women

three
large

Diseases of the respiratory systemdiseases

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

healthinsurancesocieties
Okubo 2017

Impact of pediatric obesity on acute asthma exacerbation in Japan

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

acute asthma exacerbation, obesity

Children

Jo 2020

Inhaled corticosteroid withdrawal may improve outcomes in elderly patients with COPD

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Health economics

Diseases of the respiratory system
Diseases of the respiratory systemchronic obstructive pulmanary disease

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

2012

2013 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

COPD (ICD10: J41-J44)

Older persons

aged ≥63 years

Nationwide

2011

2016 Prediction model

Diseases of the respiratory system

COPD

Othersaged ≥40 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

COPD (ICD-10 codes: J41, J42, J43, J44)

Othersaged ≥40 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

COPD, gastrointestinal adverse effects

Older persons

aged ≥75 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

COPD

Nakahara 2016 Mortality-Reducing Effect of Rehabilitation for COPD: Observational Propensity-Matched DPC

Nationwide

2010

2011 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

COPD

Othersaged ≥40 years

Nationwide

2005

2008 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

COPD

Othersaged ≥40 years

diseases

Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases

exacerbation: a nationwide database study
Kitamura 2021 [The pulmonary rehabilitation utilization rate among older people with chronic

NHI/LSEHS

obstructive pulmonary disease in Japan: A retrospective study using medical and long-

medical and long-

Municipality

term care claims data

city interm care insurance claims data]
Goto 2019

Kashiwa
Chiba

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Models for 30-Day Readmission after Hospitalization DPC
for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hasegawa

Factors affecting mortality following emergency admission for chronic obstructive

2014

pulmonary diseaseJo 2019

Reduction in exacerbation of COPD in patients of advanced age using the Japanese

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesdiseases
Diseases of the digestive system

Kampo medicine Dai-kenchu-to: a retrospective cohort study
Matsui 2017

Outcomes after early and delayed rehabilitation for exacerbation of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan
Cohort Study Using a Nationwide Database

Murata 2010[[Recent topics in COPD treatment] Current status of COPD patients as seen frommedical fee statement (health insurance claims) data]*

JMDCYamauchi 2014 Paradoxical association between body mass index and in-hospital mortality in elderly

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Yamauchi 2016 Mortality associated with bone fractures in COPD patients

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Hidaka 2021

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course ofpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japan

Diseases of the respiratory system
Diseases of the respiratory systemdiseasesIdentification of risk factors for mortality and delayed oral dietary intake in patients withchronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Older persons

over 65 years

COPD, bone fracture

Othersaged 40 years and older

diseases

open drainage due to deep neck infections: A nationwide study using a Japanese

Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

Diseases of the respiratory system

deep neck infection

Diseases of the respiratory system

Epiglottitis (ICD-10 code: J05.1)

Othersaged 20 or older

Diseases of the respiratory systemepiglottitis (J05.1)

Childrenchildren ≤5 years old

Otherspatients aged ≥15 years

Othersaged ≥15 years

diseases

inpatient database
Suzuki 2015

Factors associated with severe epiglottitis in adults: Analysis of a Japanese inpatient

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ICD-10 codes:

Nationwide

2016

2017 Health economics

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza

20132014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza (ICD-10 codes J101, J110, J111, and2015

2018 Prediction model

database
Takeuchi 2013 The burden of epiglottitis among Japanese children before the Haemophilus influenzaediseases

type b vaccination era: an analysis using a nationwide administrative database
Aso 2019

Systemic glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide for acute exacerbation of idiopathic

diseasespulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective nationwide study
Oda 2018

Respiratory comorbidities and risk of mortality in hospitalized patients with idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis

Urushiyama

Preoperative use of pirfenidone and reduced risk of postoperative severe respiratory

2021

complications in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Propensity score-matcheddiseases

analysis using a nationwide database in Japan
Aso 2018

Effect of cyclosporine A on mortality after acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary

DPC

fibrosisDronova 2021

J84.1, J84.8, and J84.9)

Cost-effectiveness of Baloxavir Marboxil compared with Laninamivir for the treatment of Others
influenza in patients at high risk for complications in Japan

JammNet claims
database (+clinical
trial data andliterature)

Shibata 2019

Influenza vaccination effectiveness for people aged under 65 years in Japan, 2013/2014

JMDC

Nationwide

Othersaged under 65 years

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza, pneumonia

Others≥18 year of age

2017 Health economics

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza

Others12-64 year of age

20182019 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

Influenza

Othersaged <1 year were

Nationwide

20182019 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

Influenza

NDB

Nationwide

2009

2017 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory systemseason: application of a doubly robust method to a large-scale, real-world dataset
Miyashita 2021 Risk Factors for Pneumonia and Death in Adult Patients With Seasonal Influenza and

J118)
NHI/LSEHS

SKDB

Prefecture

OthersJammNet claims

Nationwide

2016

JMDC

Nationwide

JMDC

Establishment of Prediction Scores: A Population-Based Study
Skrzeczek

Cost-effectiveness of baloxavir marboxil compared to laninamivir for the treatment of

2021

influenza in Japan

ShizuokaClinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

database (sourced
from the Phase III
clinical trial)

Komeda 2020

Comparison of Hospitalization Incidence in Influenza Outpatients Treated With Baloxavir
Marboxil or Neuraminidase Inhibitors: A Health Insurance Claims Database Study

Komeda 2020

Comparison of Household Transmission of Influenza Virus From Index Patients TreatedexcludedWith Baloxavir Marboxil or Neuraminidase Inhibitors: A Health Insurance Claims
Database Study
Sugawara

Association of severe abnormal behavior and acetaminophen with/without

2019

neuraminidase inhibitors

Yokomichi

Incidence of hospitalisation for severe complications of influenza virus infection in

2019

Japanese patients between 2012 and 2016: a cross-sectional study using routinely

Diseases of the nervous systemdiseases

influenzaChildren

5-19 year of age

influenza, influenza encephalitis/

Others0-74 year of age

Children

5-19years

encephalopathy

collected administrative data
Nakamura

Severe abnormal behavior incidence after administration of neuraminidase inhibitors

2018using the national database of medical claims

Ohkusa 2018

Comparative study of preciseness in the regional variation of influenza in Japan among

NDB

NDBEMC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

NDB

Aggregated data:

Nationwide

2010

2014 Research methodology

Nationwide

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effectNationwide

2014

2015 Health economics

Nationwide

2012

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

the National Official Sentinel Surveillance of Infectious Diseases and the National

National Official

Database of Electronic Medical Claims

Sentinel SurveillanceSocioeconomic comparison

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza

Diseases of the respiratory system

bronchitis/pneumonia and influenza

Childrenaged under 18 years

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza (J101, J110, J111 and J118)

Childrenchildren aged 1–15 years

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza (J10.1, J11.1 and J11.8)

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza

children 12 to 24 months

of Infectious
Diseases
Okubo 2018

Dose-response relationship between weight status and clinical outcomes in pediatricDPC

influenza-related respiratory infections
Shibata 2018

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children in Japan: Four-year observational

diseases
JMDC

study using a large-scale claims databaseused application for
an influenza
vaccination subsidy

Sruamsiri 2017 Impact of patient characteristics and treatment procedures on hospitalization cost andMDVlength of stay in Japanese patients with influenza: A structural equation modelling
approachNakamura

Evaluation of estimated number of influenza patients from national sentinel surveillance

2015

using the national database of electronic medical claims

NDB

Aggregated data:
NOSSID, Prescription

Research methodology

diseases

Surveillance
Nakamura[Evaluation of the estimated number of influenza patients by prefecture in pharmacy

2015

surveillance using nationwide electronic medical health insurance claims]*

NDB

Aggregated data:

Nationwide

2010

2013 Research methodology

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza

Nationwide

2010

2011 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory systeminfluenza

Nationwide

2009

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

Influenza

Diseases of the respiratory system

InfluenzaA(H1N1)

Children

Diseases of the respiratory system

idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (ICD-10: code

Othersover 20 years old

Othersaged ≥18 years

Pharmacy
Surveillance

Nakano 2014

Spread of viral infection to family members from influenza patients treated with a

JMDCneuraminidase inhibitor
Sugawara

Real-time prescription surveillance and its application to monitoring seasonal influenza

2012

activity in Japan

Otherselectronic records
related todiseasesprescription drugs
Takeuchi 2012 Clinical features of infants hospitalized for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Japan:

DPC

Nationwide

2009

analysis using a national hospital discharge database
Shirado 2020

Impact of Body Mass Index on Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Idiopathic

diseases
JMDC

JMDC DPC database

Nationwide

2014

Interstitial Pneumonias
Sawabe 2020

Effectiveness of Early Versus Delayed Physical Rehabilitation on In-Hospital Mortality in2009 Clinical epidemiology, course of2018 Clinical epidemiology, course ofof agediseases

J84)

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

JMDC

Nationwide

2004

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory systeminterstitial pneumonia (ICD-10 code J84)

Interstitial Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Momo 2018

Assessment of statin-induced interstitial pneumonia in patients treated for
hyperlipidemia using a health insurance claims database in Japan

Mouri 2019

Continuous Neuromuscular Blockade and Mortality in Subjects With Exacerbation of
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias

Endocrine, nutritional andinterstitial pneumonia, hyperlipidemia

metabolic diseases
idiopathic interstitial pneumonias

Mizuno 2021

Indications and postoperative outcomes of surgery for laryngotracheal stenosis: A

MDVNationwide

2008

2016 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2014

2018 Prediction modelIntervention effectpatients who underwent surgical treatments for

Diseases of the respiratory systemdescriptive study
Tashiro 2017

Comparison of Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents Among Hospitalized Patients Withlaryngotracheal stenosis or defectDiseases of the respiratory system

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Othersaged ≥18 years

Diseases of the respiratory system

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia

Older persons

aged ≥75 years

age ≥15 years

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Japan During Large Epidemics of MacrolideResistant M. pneumoniae Infections: A Nationwide Observational Study
Tashiro 2017

Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for inpatients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pneumonia

Shimizu 2020

Predictive Validity of Body Mass Index Cutoff Values Used in the Global Leadership
Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria for Discriminating Severe and Moderate Malnutrition

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Based on In-Patients With Pneumonia in Asians
Tashiro 2019[Regional medical care: Current status and future forecast of medical expenses

NHI/LSEHS

Prefecture

Niigata

2012

2016 Health economics

associated with pneumonia hospitalization in Niigata Prefecture: Towards the

Health policy evaluation andutilization

optimization of medical expenses]*
Uematsu 2015 The Impact of Patient Profiles and Procedures on Hospitalization Costs through Length

DPC

QIP

Nationwide

2012

2013 Health economics

Diseases of the respiratory system

Pneumonia

OthersDPC

NHO 28 hospitals

Nationwide

2008

2008 Quality of care

Diseases of the respiratory system

Pneumonia

OthersAdultsNationwide

2014

2017 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia (ICD codes: J10-18, J69)

Older persons

aged >65 years

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumococcal pneumonia

Older persons

aged 75 years or older

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia

Older persons

aged 75 years or older

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

pneumonia

Older persons

aged≥65 years

pneumonia

Othersaged 18–64 years

pneumonia

Older persons≥65 years of ageof Stay in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients Based on a Japanese Administrative
Database
Kawamoto[A comparison of the medial treatment of pneumonia in adults requiring hospitalization

2011

among 28 hospitals in the National Hospital Organization]

Honda 2020

Nasogastric Tube Feeding Versus Total Parenteral Nutrition in Older Dysphagic Patients

JMDC

with Pneumonia: Retrospective Cohort Study
Ichihara 2019

[Hospitalization for pneumococcal pneumonia among older adults in Fukuoka Prefecture

NHI/LSEHS

using health insurance claims data]

Fukuoka Prefecture

Prefecture

Fukuoka

2010

2017 Medical treatment status

OthersA

2011

2016 Socioeconomic comparison

20122017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health economics

Wide-Area
Association of LatterStage Elderly
Healthcare

Matsuda 2019

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the length of stay in the

NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

hospital by route of admission and discharge for elderly people requiring nursing careclaims and LTC

municip

who developed pneumonia]*

insurance claims data

ality inWesternJapan

Matsuda 2019

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the usage of medical and

NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

OthersA

nursing care services of elderly pneumonia patients using consolidated data on healthclaims and LTC

municip

insurance claims in medical and nursing care]*insurance claims data

ality indiseases

Health policy evaluation andutilization

WesternJapan
Abe 2018

Donepezil is associated with decreased in-hospital mortality as a result of pneumonia

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010 Health policy evaluation and20112017 Clinical epidemiology, course ofamong older patients with dementia: A retrospective cohort study
Kumamaru

Association between hospital case volume and mortality in non-elderly pneumonia

2014

patients stratified by severity: a retrospective cohort study

KobayashiInterrupted time-series analyses of routine vaccination program for elderly pneumonia

2021

patients in Japan; an ecological study using aggregated nationwide inpatient data

Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory systemdiseases
Diseases of the respiratory systemutilization
DPC

MSD Japan; theNationwide

excludenumber of shipped

tohokuPPSV23 syringes

threediseases

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseases

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the respiratory systemutilizationprefectu
res
Nagano 2021

Hospitalization of mild cases of community-acquired pneumonia decreased more than

DPC

QIP

Nationwide

20182020 COVID-19

NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

2011

2014 Medical treatment status

pneumonia (during the COVID-19 pandemic)

Others≥18 year of age

Diseases of the respiratory system

Community-acquired pneumonia

Children<15 year of age

Yamazaki 2021 Antibiotics prescriptions for pneumonia analyzed by claim information in Japan

NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

2011

2014 Medical treatment status

Igari 2020

NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

2011

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory systemcommunity-acquired pneumonia

Othersaged ≥15 years

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia

OthersNationwide

2008

2018 Medical treatment status

aged 15 years and older

Quality of care

Diseases of the respiratory systemcommunity-acquired pneumonia

OthersNationwide

2014≥20 years of age

2015 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

Diseases of the respiratory system

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

OthersNationwide≥15 years of age

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

Certain infectious and parasitic

M. pneumoniae bronchitis and pneumonia

Childrenunder 18 years

diseases(A49.3, J15.7, and J20.0)

20102015 Prediction model

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

Certain infectious and parasitic

pneumonia

Othersaged 40 to 74 years

severe ones during the COVID-19 epidemic
Yahaba 2021

Antibiotics for hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in Japan:

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory systemdiseases

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseases

Analysis based on Japanese national database
Epidemiology and treatment outcome of pneumonia: Analysis based on Japan national
database
Kimura 2020

Switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics in hospitalized patients with community-

Quality of carediseases
MDV

acquired pneumonia: A real-world analysis 2010-2018
Imamura 2020 [Survey of Blood Culture in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients Utilizing Health

OthersInsurance Claims Database]Okubo 2018

Recent trends in practice patterns and impact of corticosteroid use on pediatric

CISA database (13university hospitals)

DPC

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related respiratory infections
Uematsu 2017 Prediction of pneumonia hospitalization in adults using health checkup data

NHI/LSEHS

National HealthPrefecture

kyoto

Insurance and Long-

diseasesdiseases

Life Medical Care
Insurance
Uematsu 2016 The economic burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in community-onset DPC

Nationwide

2013

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health economics

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia

Othersage 18 years or older

Uematsu 2014 Impact of guideline-concordant microbiological testing on outcomes of pneumonia

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2011 Intervention effectQuality of care

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia (ICD-10: J10– J18)

Othersaged 18 years or older

Uematsu 2014 Development of a risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality prediction model for community-

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Prediction model

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia (ICD-10: J10–J18)

Othersaged >14 years

pneumonia inpatients

diseasesacquired pneumonia: a retrospective analysis using a Japanese administrative database
Amin 2020

Capturing the trends in hospital standardized mortality ratios for pneumonia: a

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseasesdiseasesDPC

retrospective observational study in Japan (2010 to 2018)

Medi-Target

Nationwide

2010

benchmarking

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory systemdiseases

Certain infectious and parasitic

pneumonia

diseases

project: AJHA
KishimotoSivelestat sodium and mortality in pneumonia patients requiring mechanical ventilation:

2017

propensity score analysis of a Japanese nationwide databaseOta 2019

Age distribution and seasonality in acute eosinophilic pneumonia: analysis using a

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia erquiring mechanical ventilation

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory systemeonsinophilic pneumonia (J82)

Diseases of the respiratory system

pneumonia

Diseases of the respiratory systemcommunity-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial

national inpatient databasediseases

Tateda 2014

[Risk factors for the development of pneumonia: analysis of Japanese claims data]

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Sakamoto

Guidelines-concordant empiric antimicrobial therapy and mortality in patients with

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Intervention effect2017

severe community-acquired pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation

age categories

diseases
Quality of caretherapy

Othersaged over 20 years

Jo 2017

Association between dementia and discharge status in patients hospitalized with

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Patient health service utilization

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effectpneumonia
Hiyama 2018

The three peaks in age distribution of females with pneumothorax: a nationwide
database study in Japan

Imanaka 2019

An analysis of factors associated with compliance and dropout of sublingual

Diseases of the respiratory systemdiseases

Mental, Behavioral andpneumonia, dimentia (F00–F03 or G30)

Older persons

aged ≥60 years

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Diseases of the respiratory systemdiseases

Diseases of the genitourinary

pneumothorax or Catamenial pneumothorax

system(ICD-10 code: J93, N948)

Diseases of the respiratory systemcedar pollinosis

Diseases of the respiratory system

respiratory depression

Diseases of the respiratory systemacute lung injury and acute respiratory distressage categories
age group

immunotherapy on Japanese cedar pollinosis patients
Ono 2020

Relationship Between Severe Respiratory Depression and Codeine-Containing
Antitussives in Children: A Nested Case-Control Study

Kido 2017

Efficacy of early sivelestat administration on acute lung injury and acute respiratory

Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2012 Intervention effect

The relationship between high-dose corticosteroid treatment and mortality in acutechildren younger than 18
years

distress syndrome
Kido 2018Childrendiseases
syndrome (ICD-10 code J80)
DPC

Nationwide

2012

2012 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory system

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the respiratory system

MDV

Nationwide

2013

2018 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

Nationwide

2013

2016 Health economics

2015

2015 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2013

2015 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

20172018 Health policy evaluation and

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

MDV

Nationwide

2013

2019 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

2012

2013 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory systemacute respiratory distress syndrome (ICD-10

respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective and observational study using acode J80)

nationwide administrative database in Japan
Takeshima

Factors associated with severe postoperative acute respiratory failure requiring high2019

dose corticosteroid therapy

Kikuchi 2020

[The Prescription of Oral Antibiotics for Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Pediatricpostoperative acute respiratory failure

Othersaged ≥20 years

acute respiratory tract infection

Childrenaged 0 to 14 years

antibiotics, upper respiratory infections

Childrenbirth to 6 years of age

Diseases of the respiratory system

upper respiratory infection

Othersunder the age of 65

Diseases of the respiratory systemacute upper respiratory infection

Diseases of the respiratory systemacute respiratory tract infections

Diseases of the respiratory system

Upper respiratory tract infection

Children<15 year of age

acute lower respiratory tract infections

Children

3 month-15 year of age

diseases

Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

Outpatients at Acute Diagnosis Procedure Combination Hospitals (2013-2018)]
Yoshida 2018

Prescription of antibiotics to pre-school children from 2005 to 2014 in Japan: aOthersretrospective claims database study
Tsuzuki 2020

Cost of inappropriate antimicrobial use for upper respiratory infection in Japan

JMDC

Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the current status of

NHI/LSEHS

Medical treatment status

years
medical insurance

OthersA

antimicrobial agent use for acute upper respiratory tract inflammation using data on

claims (The National

municip

health insurance claims]*

Health Insurance

ality insystem and Late

WesternElders’ Health

all age groups

Japan

Insurance)
Koyama 2020

Antibiotic prescriptions for Japanese outpatients with acute respiratory tract infections

JMDC

age category(2013-2015): A retrospective Observational Study
Muraki 2020

Impact of antimicrobial stewardship fee on prescribing for Japanese pediatric patients

OthersIQVIA Claims

with upper respiratory infections
Okubo 2020

National trends in appropriate antibiotics use among pediatric inpatients with

Medical treatment status

utilization

uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections in Japan
Sugiyama 2020 [Prescription of Oral Antibacterial Drugs to Outpatients with Acute Respiratory Tractdiseases

Infection and Acute Diarrhea : The Survey Based on Medical Data Using MDV analyzer]
Hashimoto

Antibiotic prescription among outpatients in a prefecture of Japan, 2012-2013: a

2019retrospective claims database study

Certain infectious and parasitic
Certain infectious and parasitic

Acute respiratory tract infection, Acute diarrhea

diseases
NHI/LSEHS

national or late

Prefecture

elders’ health

Kumam
oto

Certain infectious and parasitic

Acute respiratory tract infections,diseases

gastrointestinal infections

Certain infectious and parasitic

non-bacterial acute respiratory tract infection

insurance system
Kimura 2019

Longitudinal trends of and factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2017 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

non-bacterial acute respiratory tract infection in Japan: A retrospective claims databaseage groups

diseasesstudy, 2012-2017
Teratani 2019

Pattern of antibiotic prescriptions for outpatients with acute respiratory tract infections

JMDC

Nationwide

2013

2015 Medical treatment status

NDB

Nationwide

2013

2016 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory systemacute respiratory tract infections

Others≤74 year of age

respiratory infections

Children≤15 year of age

in Japan, 2013-15: a retrospective observational study
Uda 2019

Nationwide survey of indications for oral antimicrobial prescription for pediatric patientsfrom 2013 to 2016 in Japan

Wada 2013

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the respiratory systemutilization

Practice patterns for lower respiratory tract infections in hospital patients with particular JMDC

Quality of care

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseasesNationwide

2004

2007 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the respiratory system

Lower respiratory tract infections

Othersaged 16 years or older

Nationwide

2007

2013 Intervention effect

Diseases of the respiratory systemchronic sinusitis (ICD-10 code: J32x) or nasal

Othersaged ≥16 years

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017

Diseases of the respiratory system

Association between rapid antigen detection tests and antibiotics for acute pharyngitis in JMDC

Nationwide

2013

2015 Medical treatment status

Others≤74 year of age

Nationwide

2008

2014 Intervention effect2005

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of2015

2017 Medical treatment status

Othersbelow 60 years old

Others50–74 years, aged 75

focus on bacteriological examinations and injection antibiotics use
Suzuki 2015

Complication rates after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: analysis of 50,734 Japanese DPC
patients

Koizumi 2019

Outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery for sinusitis-induced intracranial abscess inpolyps (J33x)
Intervention effect

Diseases of the nervous system

sinusitis-induced intracranial abscesspatients undergoing neurosurgery
Teratani 2019

Quality of care

Diseases of the respiratory systemacute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis

Japan: A retrospective observational study
Miyamoto

Perioperative Steroid Use for Tonsillectomy and Its Association With Reoperation for2018

Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study

MDV

Diseases of the respiratory system

Otherstonsillectomy, posttonsillectomy hemorrhage11) Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K93)
Sato 2019

Epidemiological analysis of achalasia in Japan using a large-scale claims database

JMDC

Ishii 2019

Application of Large Electronic Medical Database for Detecting Undiagnosed Patients in

NHI/LSEHS

Nationwide

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the digestive systemachalasia

Diseases of the digestive systemesophagogastric junction outflow obstructiondiseases
the General Population

national medical

Municipality

insurance record

Ishinomaki City(including achalasia)

database
Murata 2013

Association between hospital volume and outcomes of elderly and non-elderly patients

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Health policy evaluation and

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2018 Intervention effectwith acute biliary diseases: A national administrative database analysis
Tarasawa 2020 Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin Contributes to a Reduction In-Hospital

Diseases of the digestive systemacute biliary diseases

utilization

years or older
Diseases of the digestive system

Mortality of Acute Cholangitis with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Propensity
Score Analyses of a Japanese Nationwide Database

Diseases of the blood and blood-acute cholangitis with disseminatedforming organs and certain

intravascular coagulation

disorders involving the immune
mechanism

Murata 2011

An observational study using a national administrative database to determine the impact DPC

Nationwide

2008

of hospital volume on compliance with clinical practice guidelines
Murata 2010

Impact of hospital volume on clinical outcomes of endoscopic biliary drainage for acute2008 Health policy evaluation andQuality of care

Diseases of the digestive systemacute cholangitis

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the digestive systemacute cholangitis

Othersaged ≥16 years

Othersaged ≥16 years

utilization
DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Quality of care

Diseases of the digestive systemacute cholangitis

Nationwide

2004

2009 Quality of care

Diseases of the digestive systemacute cholecystitis (K800 K801 K804 K810)

cholangitis based on the Japanese administrative database associated with the diagnosis

utilization

procedure combination system
Murata 2011

Evaluation of compliance with the Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acutecholangitis based on the Japanese administrative database associated with the Diagnosis
Procedure Combination system

Sekimoto 2010 [Practice Guidelines for Acute Cholecystitis and Acute Cholangitis: Administrative Data
(DPC data) to Examine Trends in Patient Characteristics, Process of care, Patient
Outcomes, and Medical Resource Utilization for Patients with Acute Cholecystitis]

DPC

QIP

Murata 2013

Multivariate analysis of factors influencing length of hospitalization and medical costs of

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Quality of care

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of[﻿Association between Hospitalization or Medical Costs and Severity of Acute Pancreatitis DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2010

DPC

Nationwide

2010

DPC

Nationwide

DPC
DPC

DPC

Health economics

Diseases of the digestive systemacute cholecystitis

Diseases of the digestive systemcholecystitis (K810)

Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systemacute cholecystitis

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the digestive systemacute pancreatitis

Health economics

Diseases of the digestive systemacute pancreatitis

Diseases of the digestive system

2017 Intervention effect2016 Intervention effect2010

2015 Intervention effectNationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2008

2008 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2010

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course ofage categories

cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in Japan: a national database analysis
Murata 2012

The care processes for acute cholecystitis according to clinical practice guidelines based

Othersage ≥15 years

Childrenaged <15 years

acute pancreatitis

Older persons

aged 70 years and above

Diseases of the digestive system

aqute pancratitis (K85)Children<18 year of age

Diseases of the digestive systemacute pancretitis

Others≥18 years old

Diseases of the digestive systemacute necrotizing pancreatitis (K85)

Othersaged ≥16 years

Diseases of the digestive systemsevere acute pancreatitis (K85)

Othersaged ≥20 years

Diseases of the digestive systemacute pancreatitis

Diseases of the digestive systemacute pancreatis

Othersaged ≥20 years

acute pancreatis

Othersaged ≥20 years

on the Japanese administrative database
Murata 2012

[Preoperative antimicrobial therapy for patients with cholecystectomy for acutecholecystitis based on the administrative database associated with the Diagnosis
Procedure Combination system]

Murata 2013

[An analysis of the current status of etiology and treatment in pediatric patients withacute pancreatitis from DPC data]*

Murata 2015

diseases

Based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database]
Murata 2011

[The circumstance of antimicrobial therapy for severe acute pancreatitis in elderly
patients based on the administrative database associated with the Diagnosis Procedure
Combination system]

Ikeda

Effects of Prophylactic Antibiotics on Length of Stay and Total Costs for Pediatric Acute

Kurakawa

Pancreatitis: A Nationwide Database Study in Japan

Nakaharai

Early prophylactic antibiotics for severe acute pancreatitis: A population-based cohort

2018study using a nationwide database in Japan

Endo 2018

Impact of continuous regional arterial infusion in the treatment of acute necrotizing
pancreatitis: analysis of a national administrative database

Hamada 2016

No weekend effect on outcomes of severe acute pancreatitis in Japan: data from thediagnosis procedure combination database

Murata 2011

A descriptive study evaluating the circumstances of medical treatment for acutediseases

Health policy evaluation andutilization
Quality of carepancreatitis before publication of the new JPN guidelines based on the Japaneseadministrative database associated with the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system
Taguchi 2014

Body mass index influences the outcome of acute pancreatitis: An analysis based on thejapanese administrative database

Yasunaga 2013 Effect and cost of treatment for acute pancreatitis with or without gabexate mesylate: adiseases
DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Patient health service utilization

Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Medical treatment status

Others≥18 year of age

Severe bleeding after percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the biliary system: effect of DPC

DPC Research Group Nationwide

2007

2012 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systembiliary disease

Others

20 years and older

Nationwide

2007

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the digestive system

Inflammatory bowel disease

Children≤18 years old

Nationwide

2005

2016 Research methodology

Diseases of the digestive system

inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

Short bowel syndrome

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2008

Postoperative Small Bowel Obstruction Following Laparoscopic or Open Fundoplication in DPC

Nationwide

2010

propensity score analysis using a nationwide administrative database
Iwasawa 2020

Influence of co-initiation of antiulcer drugs on persistence and adherence to low-dose

Diseases of the digestive system

Otherslow-dose aspirin, co-initiation of antiulcer drugs

Diseases of the digestive system

Othersantiulcer drug (low-dose aspirin therapy inaspirin: A retrospective cohort study using a Japanese claims database
Iwasawa 2019

Adherence to guidelines for antiulcer drug prescription in patients receiving low-dose

Quality of care

aspirin therapy in Japan
Hamada 2015

Japan)

antithrombotic agents--analysis of 34 606 cases from a Japanese nationwide
administrative database
Takeuchi 2015 Descriptive epidemiology of children hospitalized for inflammatory bowel disease in

DPC

Japan: Inpatient database analysis
Hosomi 2018

An integrative approach using real-world data to identify alternative therapeutic uses of

diseases
JMDC

existing drugs

FAERS: adverse
events, NextBio:

and ulcerative colitis)

transcriptome data
Wing 2018

Incidence of catheter-related complications among Japanese patients with central

age group

venous catheters as well as patients with short bowel syndrome
Kobayashi

Lack of Increased Risk of Lymphoma by Thiopurines or Biologics in Japanese Patients

2020with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large-Scale Administrative Database Analysis

Sugihara 2013

Does mechanical bowel preparation improve quality of laparoscopic nephrectomy?

Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

Neoplasms

inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoma

2010 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

Diseases of the genitourinary

mechanical bowel preparation, laparoscopic

systemnephrectomy

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

Injury, poisoning and certain otherpostoperative small bowel obstructiondiseases

Propensity score-matched analysis in Japanese series
Fujiogi 2018Children: A Retrospective Analysis Using a Nationwide Database
Takeyama

Association of diagnostic delay with medical cost for patients with Crohn's disease: A

2021

Japanese claims-based cohort study

Yokoyama

A Retrospective Claims Database Study on Drug Utilization in Japanese Patients with

2016

Crohn's Disease Treated with Adalimumab or Infliximab

Murata 2020

Relationship Between the Number of Occlusal Supporting and Medical Cost: Analysis

Childrenaged 0–18 years

gingivitis or periodontal

Othersaged over 20 years

dental treatment

Othersaged between 35 and 74

consequences of external causes
JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

Chron's disease

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effect

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the digestive systemcrohn's disease (K50)

JMDC

Nationwide

2016

2017 Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

2015

2016 Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

Using Large Claims Database from Employee Health Care Insurance in Japan
Uene 2020[Differences in Annual Use of Medical and dental Treatment and Cost among workers of

JHIA

Japan Health

Different Business Types: Data on Insured Persons Registered with the Japan Health

Insurance Association

Insurance Association Osaka Branch]

Osaka Branch

Tsuneishi 2016 [Association between Number of Teeth and Medical and Dental Care Expenditure:

Prefecture

Osaka

Patient health service utilization

NDB

Nationwide

2012

2013 Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

periodontal disease

Others

40 years of age or older

Saito 2018

Type of dental visit and number of remaining teeth in Japanese elders

NHI/LSEHS

Prefecture

Mie

2014

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systemremaining teeth

Older persons

75 or 80 years

Murata 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the current status of oral

NHI/LSEHS

OthersA

20122016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

Oral careOlder persons

Older People

Diseases of the digestive system

teeth number

Older persons

75 and 80 years oldOlder persons

Analysis Using the Receipt and Health Checkup Information Database in Japan]

care for the elderly requiring long-term care]*medical insurance
claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality in

Medical treatment status

WesternJapan
Saito 2018

[The relationship between the number of teeth and medical expenses of elderly people:

NHI/LSEHS

Dental checkup data

Prefecture

Mie

2014

2014 Health economics

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Prefecture

Hokkaid2007

2007 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health economics

Diseases of the digestive systemdental status

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

2014

2015 Patient health service utilization

Socioeconomic comparison

Diseases of the digestive systemdental care service

NDB

Survey of Dental

Nationwide

2016

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Research methodology

Diseases of the digestive system

Periodontitis

Nationwide

2005

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Based on the results of dental checkups and data on health insurance claims from theMie Prefecture Advanced Elderly Medical Care Interdisciplinary Association]*
Yoshiuchi 2011 [Survey of dental treatment expenditures based on medical expense data of dental
status and general health of the elderly in Hokkaido]
Nishide 2017

Income-Related Inequalities in Access to Dental Care Services in Japan

o
Chiba

aged 70 years and above

diseases
age categories

City
Tsuneishi 2019 [The presence of teeth type using the dental notation of periodontitis patients: a crosssectional study using the receipt and health checkup information database in Japan]
Miwa 2016

Medical cost, incidence rate, and treatment status of gastroesophageal reflux disease inJapan: analysis of claims data

Disease (MHLW)JMDCOthersaged ≥20 years

diseasesdiseases

all agesMurata 2015

The changing patterns of dispensing branded and generic drugs for the treatment of

JMDC

Nationwide

2006

2011 Medical treatment status

gastroesophageal reflux disease between 2006 and 2011 in Japan: a retrospective cohort

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the digestive system

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Diseases of the digestive systempatients with colonic diverticular bleeding (ICD- Others

excluded ≤17 years of

10: K57.3)

ageutilization

study
Miyamoto

The Effect of Carbazochrome Sodium Sulfonate in Patients with Colonic Diverticular

2020

Bleeding: Propensity Score Matching Analyses Using a Nationwide Inpatient Database

Fujimoto 2021 Decline incidence in upper gastrointestinal bleeding in several recent years: data of the

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2009

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course ofJapan claims database of 13 million accumulated patients

Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Others20-74 years of age
aged ≥16 years

diseases

Miyakuni 2020 Angiography versus colonoscopy in patients with severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systemsevere lower gastrointestinal bleeding

OthersDPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systemcolonic diverticular bleeding

OthersDPC

Nationwide

20162019 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systemcolonic diverticular bleeding

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the digestive system

gastrointestinal tract bleeding

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Quality of care

Therapeutic endoscopy-related GI bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients using DPC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Intervention effectDPCnation-wide observational study
Miyamoto

Effect of tranexamic acid in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding: A nationwide

2020

inpatient database study

Moroi 2020

Efficacy of urgent colonoscopy for colonic diverticular bleeding: A propensity score-

aged ≥18 years
age categories

matched analysis using a nationwide database in Japan
Niikura 2015

Factors affecting in-hospital mortality in patients with lower gastrointestinal tract
bleeding: a retrospective study using a national database in Japan

Murata 2011

Equivalent clinical outcomes of bleeding peptic ulcers in teaching and non-teachingdiseases
Health policy evaluation andhospitals: evidence for standardization of medical care in Japan
Nagata 2018

Diseases of the digestive system

bleeding peptic ulcers

utilization
Diseases of the digestive system

Diseases of the circulatory system

GI bleeding and thromboembolic events

Diseases of the digestive system

Diseases of the circulatory system

Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Thromboembolic

Othersaged ≥20 years

age ≥40 years, <70

warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants: results from a large nationwide database analysis
Nagata 2018

Nationwide

2014

2015

Kondo 2020

[High Risk Therapeutic Endoscopy: Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding andFollow-up Analysis after Colorectal Polypectomy on Claims DataJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Intervention effectIntervention effectImai 2021

Healthcare utilization associated with adherence to antibiotics for abdominal surgeries in DPC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Quality of care

Nationwide

2010

Nationwide

DPC[Analysis of the complications that arose in cases of digestive tract hemostasis based on DPC

Thromboembolic Events in Patients Using Warfarin or Direct Oral Anticoagulants]

events
Diseases of the digestive system

Colorectal Polypectomy

Others

Diseases of the digestive systemabdominal surgeries

Othersaged 15 years and older

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systempatients with gastrointestinal surgery

Others≥18 year of age

2014

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systemcomplicated intra-abdominal infection

Others≥18 year of age

Nationwide

2014

2019 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systemdelayed bleeding, upper gastrointestinal

Othersaged ≥20 years

Nationwide

2006

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2005

2015 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2009

Othersaged 20–74 years

years
Health economics

Japan: cross-sectional analysis of administrative database
Otaka 2021

Associations between early parenteral nutrition and in-hospital outcomes in underweight DPC
patients with gastrointestinal surgery

Tsuchiya 2019 Nationwide observational study of mortality from complicated intra-abdominal infections DPC
and the role of bacterial cultures
Abe 2021

Prevention of delayed bleeding with vonoprazan in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic
treatment

Shimizu 2016

endoscopic treatment
Health economics

Diseases of the digestive systemdigestive tract hemostasis

Quality of care

Diseases of the digestive systemendoscopic retrograde2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

upper gastrointestinal mucosal injuries

2010

2010

Diseases of the digestive system

2008

2016 Medical treatment status

diagnosis procedure combination survey data]
Seta 2019diseases

Status of use of protease inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of pancreatitis after JMDC
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: An epidemiologic analysis of thecholangiopancreatographyevidence-practice gap using a health insurance claims database
Sugisaki 2018

A case-control study of the risk of upper gastrointestinal mucosal injuries in patients

JMDC

prescribed concurrent NSAIDs and antithrombotic drugs based on data from theJapanese national claims database of 13 million accumulated patients
Takada 2013

[Study on Risk of Gastrointestinal Complications in Low-dose Aspirin Therapy Using the

NDB

Nationwide

Intervention effect

OthersNational Receipt Database]Matsuda 2018

Gastrointestinal Complications, Low-dose
Aspirin Therapy[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: Attribute analysis of gastrostomy patients NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

OthersA

using data on health insurance claims in medical and nursing care]*claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality in

Diseases of the digestive system

gastrostomy

WesternJapan
Sako 2014

Prevalence and in-hospital mortality of gastrostomy and jejunostomy in Japan: a

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2017 Intervention effectIntervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

gastrostomy and jejunostomy

retrospective study with a national administrative database
Okada 2020

Outcomes of lactulose plus branched-chain amino acid infusion and lactulose alone for

Diseases of the digestive system

hepatic encephalopathy: A retrospective cohort study using a national inpatient database
Tsuchiya 2018 Mortality and Morbidity After Hartmann's Procedure Versus Primary Anastomosis

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Health policy evaluation andCertain infectious and parasitic

hepatic encephalopathy (ICD-10 codes, B18–19, Others

diseases

I85, K70–77)

Diseases of the digestive system

colorectal perforation

aged ≥20 years

Othersage of 15 years or older

Without a Diverting Stoma for Colorectal Perforation: A Nationwide Observational Study
Odagiri 2015

Factors associated with perforation related to diagnostic balloon-assisted enteroscopy:
analysis of a national inpatient database in Japan

Odagiri 2015

Hospital volume and the occurrence of bleeding and perforation after colorectal

Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systemdiseasesendoscopic submucosal dissection: analysis of a national administrative database in

Diseases of the digestive systemutilization

Injury, poisoning and certain otherperforation related to diagnostic balloon-

consequences of external causes

assisted enteroscopy

Injury, poisoning and certain otherbleeding and perforation after colorectal

consequences of external causes

endoscopic submucosal dissection

OthersJapan
Yoshihara

Association between prophylactic antibiotic use for transarterial chemoembolization and2021

occurrence of liver abscess: a retrospective cohort study

Yatsuhashi

Prevalence of ascites and its treatment in inpatients with liver cirrhosis: A cohort study

2020

using a Japanese medical claims database

Sato 2017

The ADOPT-LC score: a novel predictive index of in-hospital mortality of cirrhotic

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effect

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Prediction model

Real-world hospital mortality of liver cirrhosis inpatients in Japan: a large-scale cohort

2021

study using a medical claims database: Prognosis of liver cirrhosis

MDV

Nationwide

2011

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course ofliver abscess, transarterial chemoembolization

Others≥18 year of age

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the digestive systemliver cirrhosis (K70-74), ascites

Othersaged ≥20 years

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the digestive system

cirrhotic

diseasespatients following surgical procedures, based on a national survey
Yatsuhashi

Diseases of the digestive systemdiseases
Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive systemdiseases

Hanatani 2014 A detection algorithm for drug-induced liver injury in medical information databases using Others

MDV, medical

Nationwide

the Japanese diagnostic scale and its comparison with the Council for International

information

atsu

Organizations of Medical Sciences/the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method

databases from the

Universi

scale

Hamamatsu

ty

University Hospital(HamamCertain infectious and parasitic

liver cirrhosis

Othersaged ≥20 years

Drug-induced liver injury

Others18 years old or older

NAFLD, NASH, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular

Othersaged ≥18 years

diseases2007

2012 Research methodology

Diseases of the digestive system

2005

2019 Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

Hospital)

Hasegawa

High Healthcare Cost Burden for Liver Cirrhosis(LC) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma(HCC) JMDC

2021

Progression within Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD) or Nonalcoholic

Nationwide

Neoplasms

carcinoma

Steatohepatitis(NASH) Patients in Japan: a Real-world Data Study Using a Claims
Database
Sato 2014

Acute liver disease in Japan: a nationwide analysis of the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure
Combination database

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Diseases of the digestive systemacute liver diseaseTerai 2021

Comorbidities and healthcare costs and resource use of patients with nonalcoholic fatty

MDV

Nationwide

2011

liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the Japan medical

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health economics

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease andDiseases of the digestive systemdiseases

Othersaged ≥18 years

sepsis due to panperitonitis

Others≥18 year of age

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

data vision database
Takiguchi 2020 Vasodilator Therapy and Mortality in Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia: A Nationwide

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the digestive system

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Intervention effectNonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia (K550)

Observational Study
Yoshioka 2014 Impact of hospital volume on hospital mortality, length of stay and total costs afterpancreaticoduodenectomy
Hayashi 2020

Clinical Effect of the Acrylonitrile-Co-Methallyl Sulfonate Surface-Treated Membrane as

Pancreaticoduodenectomy

utilization
Diseases of the digestive systema Cytokine Adsorption Therapy for Sepsis due to Acute Panperitonitis: A Retrospective

Certain infectious and parasitic
diseases

Cohort Study
Fujiogi 2019

Outcomes following laparoscopic versus open surgery for pediatric inguinal hernia repair: DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

primary inguinal hernia

Childrenaged 7 days to 15 years

Nationwide

2005

2017 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

primary inguinal hernia

Childrenyounger than 15 years

Analysis using a national inpatient database in Japan
Nakashima

Laparoscopic versus open repair for inguinal hernia in children: a retrospective cohort

2019

study

Okumura 2018 Impact of Drain Insertion After Perforated Peptic Ulcer Repair in a Japanese Nationwide

JMDC

old
DPC

QIP

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the digestive system

perforated gastric/duodenal ulcers

JMDC

A systematic

Nationwide

20182018 Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

Ulcerative Colitis

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2014 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

Diseases of the digestive systemulcerative colitis (ICD-10 code: K51)

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2018 Medical treatment status

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the digestive system

Ulcerative colitis

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effectPatient health service utilization

Diseases of the digestive systemulcerative colitis (K51)

JMDC

Nationwide

2006

2016 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

Diseases of the digestive system

Ulcerative Colitis

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2018 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Diseases of the digestive system

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Database Analysis
Hern 2020

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Vedolizumab Compared with Other Biologics in Anti-TNFNaive Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis in Japan

literature review andnetwork metaanalysis

Okayasu 2019

Use of corticosteroids for remission induction therapy in patients with new-onset
ulcerative colitis in real-world settings

Moroi 2021

The clinical practice of ulcerative colitis in elderly patients: An investigation using anationwide database in Japan

Kobayashi

Impact of immunomodulator use on treatment persistence in patients with ulcerative

2020

colitis: A claims database analysis

Matsuoka

Trends in Corticosteroid Prescriptions for Ulcerative Colitis and Factors Associated with

2021

Long-Term Corticosteroid Use: Analysis Using Japanese Claims Data from 2006 to 2016

Miyazaki 2021 Real-World Prescription Pattern and Healthcare Cost Among Patients with Ulcerative

diseases
Othersaged ≥18 years

atopic dermatitis

Childrenaged <15 years

atopic dermatitis

Childrenaged 0–14 years

atopic dermatitis

Others15-60 year of age

Ulcerative Colitis

Colitis in Japan: A Retrospective Claims Data Analysis
Sato 2015

Variceal hemorrhage: Analysis of 9987 cases from a Japanese nationwide database

Diseases of the digestive system

Diseases of the circulatory systemvariceal hemorrhage

diseases
12) Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00-L99)
Kawahara[Relationship between Treatment for Allergic Diseases and Medical Expenses: The

2019

Influence That Treatment Difference of Atopic Dermatitis of Dermatologist andJMDC

Nationwide

2010

2011 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Diseases of the skin andsubcutaneous tissue

Pediatrician Gives to Medical Expenses]
Komura 2018

Economic assessment of actual prescription of drugs for treatment of atopic dermatitis:

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2011 Medical treatment status

Health economics

JMDC

Nationwide

2013

2016 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Nationwide

2013

2013 Intervention effectDifferences between dermatology and pediatrics in large-scale receipt data
Igarashi 2019

Health-care resource use and current treatment of adult atopic dermatitis patients in

subcutaneous tissue

Japan: A retrospective claims database analysis
MinaCare HDB

Diseases of the skin and

Sulfate: A Retrospective Database Study Using Japanese Health Insurance Claims Data
[Analysis of Real World Data on Epidemiological Characteristics of Hidradenitis
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Reduces the Risk of Developing Hypertrophic Scars andcontact dermatitis

age group

subcutaneous tissue
JMDC

Nationwide

2015

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

NDB

Nationwide

2013

2015 Intervention effectSuppurativa in Japan]
Suwanai 2020

Diseases of the skin andsubcutaneous tissue

Sugimoto 2018 Contact Dermatitis after Prescription of an Ophthalmic Ointment Containing Fradiomycin Others

Terui 2018

Diseases of the skin andMedical treatment status

diseases

Diseases of the skin andhidradenitis suppurativa

Othersaged 15–64 years

subcutaneous tissue
Diseases of the skin andhypertrophic scars or keloids

subcutaneous tissue

Keloids following Median Sternotomy in Diabetic Patients: A Nationwide Retrospective
Cohort Study Using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims of Japan
Kubota 2015

Epidemiology of psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis: a nationwide study using the

NDB

Nationwide

2010

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2017 Medical treatment status

Health economics

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the skin andutilization

subcutaneous tissue

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2016 Patient health service utilization

Health economics

Diseases of the skin and

MDVNationwide

2009

2017 Medical treatment status

Health economics

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

Japanese national claims database
Miyazaki 2020 Treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization in palmoplantar pustulosis

Diseases of the skin anddiseasespatients in Japan: A claims database study
Nakagami

Association between pressure injury status and hospital discharge to home: a2020

retrospective observational cohort study using a national inpatient database

Sruamsiri 2018 Persistence rates and medical costs of biological therapies for psoriasis treatment inTreatment practices and costs among patients with psoriatic arthritis: A Japanesediseases[A survey of the status of psoriasis conducted using information obtained from healthinsurance claims provided by health insurance societies]

Makino 2015

[Identifying the Pattern of Physician Consultation for Skin Diseases in Kumamoto

diseases
NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Prefecture

Prefecture, from the National Health Insurance Claims, during May of 2009]
Sato 2020

Real-world evidence of population differences in allopurinol-related severe cutaneous

age group

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)

Othersage ≥18 years

pressure injury

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

Othersaged ≥18 years

psoriasis (L40)

subcutaneous tissue

hospital claims database analysis
Terui 2014

Diseases of the skin andsubcutaneous tissue

Japan: a real-world data study using a claims database
Inui 2021

psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis

subcutaneous tissue

Kumam

Nationwide

adverse reactions in East Asians: A population-based cohort study

Taiwan,psoriatic arthritis (L40.50, L40.51, L40.52,

subcutaneous tissue

L40.53, L40.54, and L40.59)

Diseases of the skin andpsoriasi

subcutaneous tissue

2009

2009 Patient health service utilization

Socioeconomic comparison

2005

2016 Intervention effectClinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the skin andalloprinol-related severe cutaneous adverse

diseases

subcutaneous tissue

reactions

Diseases of the skin andanticonvulsant-induced Stevens-Johnson

subcutaneous tissue

syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

Diseases of the skin andSteven-Johnson syndorome, toxic epidermal

subcutaneous tissue

necrolysis (ICD-10 codes L511–L512)

oto
JMDC

Diseases of the skin and

Diseases of the skin andSkin diseases

subcutaneous tissue

South
Korea,
Japan

Fukasawa

Risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with2021

anticonvulsants in a Japanese population: Matched case-control and cohort studies

Morita 2019

Association of Early Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy with Mortality in Patients with

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Using a Nationwide Claims Database13) Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99)
Kawata 2018

Atopic dermatitis is a novel demographic risk factor for surgical site infection after

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

2008

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course ofanterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Sakai 2019

Risk of opportunistic infections in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis, using a Japanese health insurance databasediseasesdiseases

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain other

anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,system and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

surgical site infection

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associatedsystem and connective tissue

vasculitis

age categories

Uechi 2018

Effect of plasma exchange on in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary

DPC

Nationwide

2009

2014 Intervention effect

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

hemorrhage secondary to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: A

Otherssystem and connective tissue

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associatedvasculitis, secondary pulmonary hemorrhage

propensity-matched analysis using a nationwide administrative database
Kumamaru

Large hospital variation in the utilization of Post-procedural CT to detect pulmonary

2019

embolism/Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Total Knee or Hip Replacement

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Medical treatment status

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the musculoskeletalutilization

system and connective tissue

Intervention effect

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Diseases of the circulatory system

venous thromboembolism, total knee or hip

Othersaged ≥40 years

Others

16-102 year of age

fragility fracture

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

fragility fracture

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Fragility Fractures

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

Others18-65 years old

Kawasaki disease (ICD-10 code: M30.3)

Childrenaged under 18 years

Kawasaki Disease (M30.3)

Childrenaged <18 years

Kawasaki Disease (M30.3), anemia

Childrenaged ≤18 years

low-back pain

Othersaged 18-64 years

Othersaged 18 or above

hip or knee osteoarthritis

Othersaged ≥18 years

knee osteoarthritis (ICD-10-CM code M17)

Othersmore than 40 years ofknee osteoarthritis (ICD-10-CM code M17)

Othersaged over 40 years

knee osteoarthritis

Othersaged ≥50 years

osteoarthritis /chronic low back pain

Others≥18 year of age

replacement

Surgery: Japanese Nationwide Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database Study
Nagase 2011

Risk factors for pulmonary embolism and the effects of fondaparinux after total hip and

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course ofknee arthroplasty: a retrospective observational study with use of a national database in

Diseases of the circulatory systemsystem and connective tissue

diseases

total hip and knee arthroplasty, pulmonarryembolismJapan
Matsumoto

Time trends and risk factors for perioperative complications in total ankle arthroplasty:

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

2016

retrospective analysis using a national database in Japan

Yamagami

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is associated with lower proportions of surgical site DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of2021

infection compared with total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective nationwide database

Medical treatment status

diseases
Intervention effectdiseases

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain otherTotal ankle arthroplasty, end-stage ankle

system and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

arthritis

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain othersurgical site infection, Knee arthroplasty

system and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

studyMorishita 2020 Comparison of Perioperative Complications Between Anterior Decompression WithDPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Health economics

Fusion and Laminoplasty For Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Propensity Score-

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

cervical spondylotic myelopathy

system and connective tissue

matching Analysis Using Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database
Sumitani 2014 Perioperative factors affecting the occurrence of acute complex regional pain syndrome

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course offollowing limb bone fracture surgery: data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure

diseases

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain othersystem and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

Complex regional pain syndrome, fractures

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Certain infectious and parasitic

connective tissue disease- associatedsystem and connective tissue

diseasespneumocystis pneumonia

Combination database
Ishikawa 2021

Estimation of treatment and prognostic factors of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course ofwith connective tissue diseases
Hasegawa

Factors that predict in-hospital mortality in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

diseases

2015
Sugihara 2012

diseases
Impact of surgical intervention timing on the case fatality rate for Fournier's gangrene: an DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Intervention effectFracture risk increased by concurrent use of central nervous system agents in older
Central Nervous System Agent Classes and Fragility Fracture Risk among Elderly

NDB

Nationwide

2013

2014 Intervention effect

NDB

Nationwide

2013

2014 Intervention effectJapanese Individuals in a Nationwide Case-Crossover Design Study
Iihara 2019

Fragility Fractures in Older People in Japan Based on the National Health Insurance(ICD-10 code, M301)
Fournier’s gangrene (ICD-10 code, M72.6)

system and connective tissue

people: Nationwide case-crossover study
Ohara 2020

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal

analysis of 379 cases
Ohara 2020

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

NDB

Nationwide

2013

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2010

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2015

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Medical treatment status

Claims Databasediseases

Hakoda 2020

[Future trends for the number of gout patients in Japan]

JMDC

Koto 2021

Factors associated with achieving target serum uric acid level and occurrence of gouty

Comprehensive
Survey of Living

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain othersystem and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain othersystem and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain othersystem and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases

gout patients

system and connective tissue

Conditions (MHLW)
arthritis: A retrospective observational study of Japanese health insurance claims data
Kawata 2021

Type of bone graft and primary diagnosis were associated with nosocomial surgical site

diseases

infection after high tibial osteotomy: analysis of a national database
Okubo 2020

The Impact of Changes in Clinical Guideline on Practice Patterns and Healthcare
Association Between Dose of Glucocorticoids and Coronary Artery Lesions in Kawasaki

diseases

gouty arthritis

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effect

MDV

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain othersurgical site infection after high tibial

system and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

osteotomy

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the musculoskeletalutilization

system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal

DiseaseTakeuchi 2018 Changes in Hemoglobin Concentrations Post-immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients with

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

Utilizations for Kawasaki Disease in Japan
Okubo 2018

Medical treatment status

system and connective tissue

Kawasaki Disease: A Population-Based Study Using a Claims Database in Japan

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Diseases of the blood and blood-system and connective tissue

forming organs and certain
disorders involving the immune
mechanism

Kumamaru

Radiologist involvement is associated with reduced use of MRI in the acute period of low Others

2018back pain in a non-elderly population

Ohya 2016

Does the microendoscopic technique reduce mortality and major complications in

DPC

MinaCareNationwide

2013

Nationwide

2010

2015 Medical treatment status
2013

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the musculoskeletalutilization

system and connective tissue

Intervention effect

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

patients undergoing lumbar discectomy? A propensity score-matched analysis using alumbar discectomy

system and connective tissue

nationwide administrative database
Kawata 2018

Annual trends in arthroscopic meniscus surgery: Analysis of a national database in Japan DPC

Nationwide

2007

2015 Medical treatment status

Chang 2013

Assessment of statin-associated muscle toxicity in Japan: a cohort study conducted using MDVNationwide

2004

2010 Intervention effect

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

meniscus surgery

system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal

claims database and laboratory information
Necrotising soft-tissue infections of the upper limb: risk factors for amputation and death DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Suzuki 2021

Factors associated with mortality among patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections:

Nationwide

2014

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseasesDPC

An analysis of 4597 cases using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database
Ebata-Kogure

Treatment and Healthcare Cost Among Patients with Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis: A

2020

Cross-sectional Study Using a Real-world Claims Database in Japan Between 2013 andmuscle toxicity

system and connective tissue

Uehara 2014

system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases
MDV

Nationwide

2013

2019 Medical treatment status

Necrotising soft-tissue infections (M72.6)
necrotizing soft-tissue infection

system and connective tissue
Health economics

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

2019
Ueda 2020

Long-Term Pain Management and Health Care Resource Use Among an Employed

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2012 Health economics

Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

Population in Japan with Knee Osteoarthritis Combined with Low Back Pain
Ueda 2020

Longitudinal Assessment of Pain Management Among the Employed Japanesesystem and connective tissue

Population with Knee Osteoarthritis
Sakai 2019

International descriptive study for comparison of treatment patterns in patients with

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseasesJMDC

Nationwide

knee osteoarthritis between Korea and Japan using claims data

Korea

2012

2013 Medical treatment statusage

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

Socioeconomic comparison

andDiseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

Japan
Akazawa 2019 Patterns of drug treatment in patients with osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain in

MDV

Nationwide

2013

2017 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2015 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2018 Intervention effectJapan: a retrospective database study
Kawata 2017

Annual trends in knee arthroplasty and tibial osteotomy: Analysis of a national database

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases

system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal

in Japan
Kikuchi 2021

A Retrospective Database Study of Gastrointestinal Events and Medical Costs
Associated with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Japanese Patients of Working
Age with Osteoarthritis and Chronic Low Back Pain

Osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, rheumatoid

system and connective tissue
Health economics

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

age groups

arthritis
Diseases of the digestive systemosteoarthritis, chronic low back pain,
gastrointestinal events

Othersaged ≥18 years

Saka 2019

Coding and prescription rates of osteoporosis are low among distal radius fracture

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2013 Intervention effectQuality of care

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

Nationwide

2008

2013 Medical treatment status

Health economics

2014

2016 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

patients in Japan
Tanaka 2018

Real-world evidence of raloxifene versus alendronate in preventing non-vertebral
fractures in Japanese women with osteoporosis: retrospective analysis of a hospital

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

osteoporosis (ICD10: M819), distal radiussystem and connective tissue

fracture (S525, S526)

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

osteoporosis, non-vertebral fractures

Othersaged 50–75 years

Othersaged 50 years or older

osteoporosis

Othersaged 50 years or older

osteoporosis

Othersaged 50 years or older

system and connective tissue

claims database
Usui 2018

Persistence of and switches from teriparatide treatment among women and men withosteoporosis in the real world: a claims database analysis

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

osteoporosis (ICD-10 codes: M80 or M81)

system and connective tissue

Burge 2016

Real-world clinical and economic outcomes for daily teriparatide patients in Japan

MDV

Fujimori 2019

[Analysis of the persistence and compliance of switching medications for osteoporosis

NHI/LSEHS

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

osteoporosis

system and connective tissue
using E-claim database]

National HealthPrefecture

Insurance and the

HokkaidoDiseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissuelate-stage medicalcare system
Fujimori 2019

[Analysis of the persistence and compliance of medications for osteoporosis using E-

NHI/LSEHS

claim database]

National HealthPrefecture

Insurance and the

Hokkaid2014

2015 Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the musculoskeletalosystem and connective tissuelate-stage medicalcare system
Yamanaka[What is the current state of osteoporosis in terms of medical costs? Considering the2019

current state of osteoporosis in communities from the National Health Insurance data

NHI/LSEHS

long-term care

Municipality

insurance data

Higashih

2016

iroshima

system]*2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases

Yokoyama

Association between oral anticoagulants and osteoporosis: Real-world data mining using JMDC

2020

a multi-methodological approach

Taguchi 2018

Treatment costs and cost drivers among osteoporotic fracture patients in Japan: aNationwide

2005

2017 Intervention effect

MDV

FAERS

Nationwide

2008

2017 Health economics

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Othersosteoporosis and antimicrobial use

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain other

osteoporotic fracture

Others

50 years and older

system and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain other

osteoporotic vertebral fractures

Older persons

over 65 years old

system and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain other

osteoporosis, hip fracture

Older persons

60 years old and older

system and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Endocrine, nutritional andOsteoporosis, glucocorticoid treatment

Othersaged ≥18 years

system and connective tissue

metabolic diseases

rheumatoid arthritis

Othersaged ≥18 years

Rheumatoid arthritis

Othersaged 16 to <75 years

rheumatoid arthritis

Others

16 years old or older

rheumatoid arthritis

Others18 years or older

rheumatoid arthritis

Othersaged ≥16 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

system and connective tissue

retrospective database analysis
Morishita 2020 Risk factors related to perioperative systemic complications and mortality in elderly

Osteoporosis

system and connective tissue

citypatients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures-analysis of a large national inpatient

diseases

database
Fujimori 2020

[Association of the medications for osteoporosis and the hip fracture using E-claim

NHI/LSEHS

database]

The National HealthPrefecture

Insurance system andHokkaid2014

2018 Intervention effectoLate Elders’ Health
Insurance
Kirigaya 2011

Management and treatment of osteoporosis in patients receiving long-term

JMDC

Nationwide

2004

2007 Quality of careglucocorticoid treatment: current status of adherence to clinical guidelines and related
factors
Shiragami[Cost effectiveness of using medical topical adhesive patches for peritendinitis patients]

OthersJammNetNationwide

2010

2012 Health economics

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

2014

peri tendinitis

system and connective tissue

Morishita 2019 Perioperative complications of anterior decompression with fusion versus laminoplasty

DPC

for the treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: propensity

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Injury, poisoning and certain other

Perioperative complications, cervicalsystem and connective tissue

consequences of external causes

ossification of the posterior longitudinalscore matching analysis using a nation-wide inpatient database
Sruamsiri 2018 Persistence with Biological Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Its Associatedligament
MDV

Nationwide

2009

2015 Patient health service utilization

Health economics

Resource Utilization and Costs
Sugiyama 2016 Treatment Patterns, Direct Cost of Biologics, and Direct Medical Costs for Rheumatoid

system and connective tissue
JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Medical treatment status

Health economics

NDB

Nationwide

20172018 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison

Arthritis Patients: A Real-world Analysis of Nationwide Japanese Claims Data
Nakajima 2021 Geographic variations in rheumatoid arthritis treatment in Japan: A nationwide

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

retrospective study using the national database of health insurance claims and specific

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

health checkups of Japan
Lane 2020

Risk of hydroxychloroquine alone and in combination with azithromycin in the treatment

JMDC

of rheumatoid arthritis: a multinational, retrospective study

Data comprised 14

Nationwide

2000

2020 Intervention effect

Diseases of the musculoskeletalsources of claims

system and connective tissue

data or electronic
medical records from
Germany, Japan, theNetherlands, Spain,
the UK, and the USA.
Nakajima 2020 Prevalence of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and age-stratified trends in clinical

NDB

Nationwide

2017

characteristics and treatment, based on the National Database of Health Insurance

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

diseases

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Yamairi 2020

Dose Adjustment of Methotrexate Administered Concomitantly with Golimumab for

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Intervention effectHigher risk of hospitalized infection, cardiovascular disease, and fracture in patients with JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

2005

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Rheumatoid Arthritis in Japanese Real-World Clinical Settings
Kasai 2019

rheumatoid arthritis determined using the Japanese health insurance database
Takabayashi

Comparing the effectiveness of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs using

2019

real-world data

Rheumatoid arthritis (M05, M06, and M080)

system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseases
Others13 Japanese national Nationwide

13

university hospitals’

Japanesclaims data (Clinicale

Information

national

Statistical Analysis

universit(CISA))

yRheumatoid arthritis

system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletalrheumatoid arthritis

system and connective tissue

hospitals
Mahlich 2017

Treatment patterns of rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese hospitals and predictors of the

MDV

Nationwide

2012

2014 Medical treatment status

Mahlich 2016

Persistence with biologic agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in JapanMDVNationwide

2012

2014 Patient health service utilization

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Katada 2014

Prescription patterns and trends in anti-rheumatic drug use based on a large-scale

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2011 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

Yamanaka

Estimates of the prevalence of and current treatment practices for rheumatoid arthritis in JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

2014

Japan using reimbursement data from health insurance societies and the IORRA cohort

initiation of biologic agentsrheumatoid arthritis

age distribution

rheumatoid arthritis

age distribution

system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

claims database in Japan(I)

Diseases of the musculoskeletalrheumatoid arthritis

system and connective tissue
diseases

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

rheumatoid arthritis

Othersaged ≥16 to <75 years

Sakai 2016

High prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

from a population-based cross-sectional study of a Japanese health insurance database
Tanaka 2016

Risk for cardiovascular disease in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a large-

MDV

Nationwide

2011

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

In-hospital complication rate following microendoscopic versus open lumbar

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Intervention effect2010

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
Intervention effectdiseases

Risk of infectious complications associated with blood transfusion in elective spinal
The Number of Patients and Therapeutic Profile of Spinal Stenosis Using Health2016

Insurance Claims in Japanage group

Othersaged 18 years or older

system and connective tissue

disease

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Diseases of the circulatory system

pediatric scoliosis

Childrenless than 19 years

Lumbar spinal stenosis

Otherspatients aged ≥20 y

spinal stenosis, spondylolis- thesis

Othersaged ≥20 years

spine surgery

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

surgical outcomes, underwent elective spine

Older persons≥65 years of age

Othersaged 20 years or older

Diseases of the musculoskeletalrheumatoid arthritis, risk for cardiovascularsystem and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal

surgery-a propensity score matched analysis
Kuboyama

rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascularcomorbidities

system and connective tissue

laminectomy: a propensity score-matched analysis
Kato 2016

Diseases of the circulatory systemsystem and connective tissue

diseasesa national inpatient database
Oichi 2018

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseasesscale epidemiological study using a healthcare database
Taniguchi 2018 In-hospital mortality and morbidity of pediatric scoliosis surgery in Japan: Analysis using

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

system and connective tissue
NHI/LSEHS

National HealthPrefecturea

Insurance (NHI) andprefectu

Late-stage Elderly

re in

Health Insurance

south-(LEHI)

Medical treatment status

diseases

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

spinal stenosis

system and connective tissue

westernJapan

Oichi 2019

[Can elective spine surgery be performed safely among nonagenarians? : Analysis of a

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

national inpatient database in Japan]
Oichi 2019

Can Elective Spine Surgery Be Performed Safely Among Nonagenarians?: Analysis of asystem and connective tissue

National Inpatient Database in Japan
Ohya 2015

Perioperative stroke in patients undergoing elective spinal surgery: a retrospective

Intervention effectdiseases

system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal

analysis using the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database
Masuda 2012

Factors affecting the occurrence of pulmonary embolism after spinal surgery: data from
Mortality and morbidity in dialysis-dependent patients undergoing spinal surgery:
Treatment patterns and health care resource utilization among Japanese patients with

Intervention effectdiseases

analysis of a national administrative database in Japan
Tomita 2021

MDV

Nationwide

2009

2017 Medical treatment status

Miyazaki 2020 Treatment patterns and medical cost of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Japan: JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Medical treatment status

Health economics
Health economics

a retrospective claims database study
Disease severity and economic burden in Japanese patients with systemic lupus
The risk of hospitalized infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2012 Health economics

Incidence and risk factors for mortality of vertebral osteomyelitis: a retrospective

pulmonary embolism after spinal surgery

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

Diseases of the genitourinary

dialysis-dependent patients treated with spinal

system and connective tissue

systemsurgery

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

ankylosing spondylitis (ICD10 codes; M08.1,

system and connective tissue

M45.0, M45.4, M45.9)

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

systemic lupus erythematosus (M321)

Othersaged ≥18 years

systemic lupus erythematosus (M32)

OthersMDVNationwide

2015

2017 Intervention effect

15 to 65 years of age

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2011 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue
Diseases of the musculoskeletal

with hydroxychloroquine
Akiyama 2013

elective spinal surgery
Diseases of the circulatory systemsystem and connective tissue

erythematosus: A retrospective, observational study
Sakai 2020

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

perioperative stroke in patients undergoing

system and connective tissue
Intervention effectdiseases

ankylosing spondylitis: A hospital claims database analysis

Tanaka 2018

surgery
Diseases of the circulatory systemsystem and connective tissue

the national administrative database in Japan
Chikuda 2012

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

systemic lupus erythematosus (M321 or M329) Others≥16 years of age

system and connective tissue

analysis using the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

diseasesvertebral osteomyelitis

system and connective tissue

14) Diseases of the genitourinary system (N00-N99)
Ikuta 2021

Association of proton pump inhibitors and concomitant drugs with risk of acute kidney

Diseases of the genitourinary

injury: a nested case-control study
Iwagami 2015

Current state of continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury inJapanese intensive care units in 2011: analysis of a national administrative database

Miyamoto

Association between intravenous contrast media exposure and non-recovery from2019

dialysis-requiring septic acute kidney injury: a nationwide observational study

Takazono 2020 Factor analysis of acute kidney injury in patients administered liposomal amphotericin B

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseases

systemDiseases of the genitourinary

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2018 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of

A cross-sectional exploratory survey on occurrence of triple-whammy prescription pattern JMDC

Nationwide

2017

2017 Medical treatment status[Comparison of characteristics and prognosis between septic and non-septic acuteDiseases of the genitourinary

diseasesHigher medical costs for CKD patients with a rapid decline in eGFR: A cohort study from
Stages of a transtheoretical model as predictors for the decline of estimated glomerular

aged ≥12 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

Certain infectious and parasitic

broad-spectrum antifungal drug, acute kidney

Others≥18 year of age

systemdiseases

septic and non-septic acute kidney injury
chronic kidney diseasesystem
NHI/LSEHS

KDB

Nationwide

JHIA

Japan HealthPrefecture20122013 Health economics

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the genitourinary

the Japanese general population
Takada 2021

Othersseptic acute kidney injury

injuryDiseases of the genitourinary
Diseases of the genitourinary

in JapanNagai 2019

Otherssystemkidney injury in Japanese intensive care units]
Imai 2020

acute kidney injury in ICU

systemin a real-world clinical setting in Japan
Iwagami 2015

Acute kidney injury (AKI; N17X)

systemClinical epidemiology, course ofchronic kidney disease

Othersaged 40-74 years

Diseases of the genitourinary

kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration

Othersbetween 35 and 75

systemrate)

Diseases of the genitourinarychronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease Older persons≥65 years of age

chronic kidney disease

Others20-69 years oldchronic kidney disease, NSAIDs

Othersaged ≥20 years

chronic kidney disease

Othersaged ≥18 years

chronic kidney disease

Othersaged from 18 to 94 years

anemia, chronic kidney disease

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

systemfiltration rate: a retrospective cohort study

Kyoto

Insurance Associationdiseases

years oldin Kyoto prefecture
Fukuma 2020

Quality of Care in Chronic Kidney Disease and Incidence of End-stage Renal Disease in

NDB

Nationwide

2010

2014 Quality of care

DPC

Nationwide

2013

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2011

2011 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofIntervention effect

Older Patients: A Cohort Study
Kikuchi 2018

Short-term prognosis of emergently hospitalized dialysis-independent chronic kidneysystemdisease patients: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan
Hagiwara 2017 The Survey of the Compliance Situation to the Antihypertensive Therapy Guideline by

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseases
NDB

Sampling datasystemQuality of care

Analyzing Japanese National Claims Data
Imai 2020

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use in patients with chronic kidney disease arePreviously-initiated hemodialysis as prognostic factor for in-hospital mortality inkidney diseasesystemDiseases of the genitourinary

often prescribed from different clinicians than those who diagnosed them
Takada 2019

Diseases of the genitourinary

systempneumonia patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease: Retrospective database study of

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseases

systemJapanese hospitals
Takada 2020

Developing and validating a multivariable prediction model for in-hospital mortality of

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Prediction model

pneumonia with advanced chronic kidney disease patients: a retrospective analysis using

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseases

systemQuality of care

Diseases of the genitourinary

Diseases of the blood and blood-systemforming organs and certaina nationwide database in Japan
Kimura 2020

Diagnosis Patterns of CKD and Anemia in the Japanese Population

Others

JMDC, MDV

Nationwide

2008

2017 Medical treatment status

disorders involving the immune
mechanism
Tohkin 2016

[Appropriate prescription pattern of medications at the special population]

NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

2011

2011 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

Diseases of the genitourinary

Diseases of the circulatory systemchronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease

Diseases of the genitourinary

Injury, poisoning and certain otherEnd-stage kidney disease, major fracture

systemconsequences of external causes

systemMandai 2020

Nationwide in-hospital mortality following major fractures among hemodialysis patientsand the general population: An observational cohort study

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Kohsaka 2020

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Kusama 2021

Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes Associated With Hyperkalemia in Chronic Kidney
Epidemiology of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated cystitis in adults in JapanJMDC

Nationwide

2013

2016 Medical treatment status

Sugihara 2012

Admissions related to interstitial cystitis in Japan: an estimation based on the Japanese

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2009 Clinical epidemiology, course of2013

2014 Health economics

Disease: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study

diseases

Diseases of the genitourinary

Endocrine, nutritional andsystemmetabolic diseases

Diseases of the genitourinary

CKD, hyperckalemia

Othersaged ≥18 years

acute cystitis

Othersaged ≥15 years

Older persons

Latter-Stage Elderly

systemdiagnosis procedure combination database
Onoue 2016

[Evaluation of regional differences in health care costs for patients undergoing

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseases
NHI/LSEHS

Fukuoka Prefecture

hemodialysis within the Fukuoka Prefecture Wide-Area Association of Latter-Stage

Wide-Area

Elderly Healthcare]

Association of Latter-

Prefecture

Fukuokainterstitial cystitis (N301)

systemSocioeconomic comparison

Diseases of the genitourinary

hemodialysis

systemHealthcare data

Stage Elderly
Healthcare data
Nakamoto[Medical expenses reduction effect by peritoneal dialysis promotion in elderly patients]

MDV

Nationwide

2015

Yokoyama[Compliance and persistence of oral calcimimetics in maintenance hemodialysis patients: MDVNationwide

2009

2015 Patient health service utilization

Health economics

2018a pharmacoepidemiological study utilizing electronic health records]

Saruwatari[Regional variations in healthcare services for patients treated by hemodialysis in

20092010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

2012

Fukuoka]2019

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the genitourinary

utilization

systemdialysis

Diseases of the genitourinary

maintenance hemodialysis patients

system
NHI/LSEHS

National HealthPrefecture

FukuokaInsurance Association

Socioeconomic comparison

diseases

Diseases of the genitourinary

hemodialysis

systemof Fukuoka
Kinoshita 2018 Hospital-Volume Effects on Perioperative Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2014 Medical treatment status

Implantation: Analysis of 2,505 Cases
Mandai 2018

Dialysis Case Volume Associated With In-Hospital Mortality in Maintenance Dialysis
Patients

Shinkawa 2019 Mortality and morbidity after pancreatoduodenectomy in patients undergoingdiseaseshemodialysis: Analysis using a national inpatient database
Akiyama 2017

Evaluation of the treatment patterns and economic burden of dysmenorrhea in Japanese

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the genitourinary

utilization

systemHealth policy evaluation and

Diseases of the genitourinary

utilization

systemIntervention effect

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseases

Treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization and costs in heavy menstrual
Longer operative time is associated with higher risk of severe complications after

dialysisOthersaged ≥20 years

dialysis, pancreatoduodenectomy

Others

Diseases of the genitourinary

aged ≥20 years

primary or secondary dysmenorrhea

Othersaged 18–49 years

heavy menstrual bleeding

Othersaged 18–49 years

nephrotic syndrome (N04.x)

Others>18 years of age

overactive bladder

Othersaged 20 years or older

overactive bladder

Othersaged ≤75 years

systemJMDC

Nationwide

2009

2014 Medical treatment status

Health economics

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Prediction modelIntervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2009 Intervention effect

Health economics

DPC

Nationwide

2006

2008 Intervention effect

Health policy evaluation and

Diseases of the genitourinary

utilization

system2008

2009 Health economics

bleeding: a Japanese claims database analysis
Sugihara 2013

Diseases of the digestive systemsystemHealth economics

women, using a claims database
Akiyama 2018

peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation

Diseases of the genitourinary
systempercutaneous nephrolithotomy: analysis of 1511 cases from a Japanese nationwide

Diseases of the genitourinary

ercutaneous nephrolithotomy

systemdatabase
Sugihara 2012

In-hospital outcomes and cost assessment between bipolar versus monopolartransurethral resection of the prostate

Sugihara 2011

Impact of hospital volume and laser use on postoperative complications and in-hospital
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of combination therapy with dutasteride and αl blocker

2012

for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japan

Othershyperplasia of the prostatesystemmortality in cases of benign prostate hyperplasia
Takayama

Diseases of the genitourinary

MDV

CombAT Study data

Nationwide

15

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Diseases of the genitourinary

hospitalbenign prostatic hyperplasia

systems
Shinkawa 2020 Risk factors of venous thromboembolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome: a

MDVNationwide

2008

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2012

2014 Patient health service utilization

retrospective cohort study
Zaitsu 2018

Impact of a direct-to-consumer information campaign on prescription patterns foroveractive bladder

Kato 2017

Persistence and adherence to overactive bladder medications in Japan: A large

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseases

Othersnationwide real-world analysis

JMDC, Medi-Trend

systemHealth policy evaluation and

Diseases of the genitourinary

utilization

systemDiseases of the genitourinary(pharmacy claims

systemdatabase provided by
Kyowa Kikaku)
Yoshida 2018

Anticholinergic burden in the Japanese elderly population: Use of antimuscarinic

Othersmedications for overactive bladder patients
Shigemi 2019

Laparoscopic Compared With Open Surgery for Severe Pelvic Inflammatory Disease andMedi-Trend (Kyowa

Nationwide

2016

2016 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the genitourinary

Kikaku)DPC

overactive bladder

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Diseases of the genitourinary

pelvic inflammatory disease(N739 andOthersaged 18 years or older

systemN980)with or without tubi-ovarian
Others≥18 year of age

recurrent pregnancy loss

Othersaged ≥18 years

percutaneous renal biopsy

Othersaged ≥15 years

renal haemorrhage

Othersexcluded under the age

end-stage renal disease

Othersaged ≥20 years

Others≥18 years of age

systemTubo-Ovarian Abscessabscess(N709)
Shigemi 2019

Therapeutic Impact of Initial Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis Among Patients WithDPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the genitourinary

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a National Inpatient

Pelvic inflammatory diseasesystem

Database in Japan
Obinata 2018

Tension-free vaginal mesh surgery versus laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Intervention effect

Diseases of the genitourinary

prolapse: Analysis of perioperative outcomes using a Japanese national inpatient

pelvic organ prolapse (N81.x)

systemdatabase
Sugihara 2011

Incidence and clinical features of priapism in Japan: 46 cases from the Japanese

DPC

Nationwide

2006

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Health policy evaluation anddiagnosis procedure combination database 2006-2008
Shigemi 2020

Effect of Japanese herbal Kampo medicines on live birth rate in women with recurrent

Diseases of the genitourinary

diseasespregnancy loss
Yamamoto

Relationship between hospital volume and hemorrhagic complication after percutaneous

2015

renal biopsy: results from the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database

Sugihara 2012

Renal haemorrhage risk after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: results from the

DPC

Nationwide

2006

Iwagami 2017

Impact of end-stage renal disease on hospital outcomes among patients admitted to

DPC

Nationwide

2011

Katsuno 2021

Burden of Renal Events Associated with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of2009

2018 Intervention effect

Associations of Polyethylenimine-Coated AN69ST Membrane in Continuous Renal

MDV

Nationwide

2014

2015 Intervention effectof 15 years

Diseases of the genitourinary
systemHealth economics

Patients with Osteoarthritis and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Database Study
Doi 2017

puerperium

systemdiseasesNationwide

systemDiseases of the genitourinary

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Pregnancy, childbirth and thesystemdiseasesintensive care units: A retrospective matched-pair cohort study

Diseases of the genitourinary
Diseases of the genitourinary

utilization

Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database

priapism (N483)

systemDiseases of the genitourinary

Diseases of the musculoskeletal

renal disease, osteoarthritis and chronic low

systemsystem and connective tissue

back pain

Diseases of the genitourinary

Replacement Therapy with the Intensive Care Outcomes: Observations from a Claims

receiving continuous renal replacement therapy Others

systemage at baseline ≥18
years

Database from Japan
Miyamoto

Temporal change in characteristics and outcomes of acute kidney injury on renal

2019

replacement therapy in intensive care units: analysis of a nationwide administrative
database in Japan, 2007-2016

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Intervention effect

Diseases of the genitourinary

acute kidney injury on renal replacement

systemtherapy

Othersaged ≥18 years

Obata 2021

The clinical usage of liposomal amphotericin B in patients receiving renal replacement

MDV

Nationwide

2008

2018 Medical treatment status

Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Prediction modelIntervention effect2012

2013 Intervention effect

Medical treatment status

therapy in Japan: a nationwide observational study
Sugihara 2013

A nomogram predicting severe adverse events after ureteroscopic lithotripsy: 12 372
patients in a Japanese national series

Adomi 2019

Factors associated with long-term urinary catheterisation and its impact on urinary tract

Diseases of the genitourinary

Othersbroad-spectrum antifungal drug (renal

Others≥18 year of age

urinary tract infection

Older persons≥75 years of age

urinary tract infections (UTI)

Older persons

aged 75 and over

Othersaged 13 to 53 years

systemreplacement therapy )Diseases of the genitourinary

ureteroscopic lithotripsy

system
NHI/LSEHS

Medical and long-

Municipality

Kashiwa

infection among older people in the community: a population-based observational study

term care insuranceCity,

in a city in Japan

claims data

Chiba

Diseases of the genitourinary
systemPrefectu
reImatoh 2018

Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and urinary tract infection in

NHI/LSEHS

elderly patients: A retrospective cohort study

Wide‐Area

Prefecture

Fukuoka

Association of Latter

prefectu‐Stage Elderly

re

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Diseases of the genitourinary
systemHealthcare
Muramatsu

Efficacy of Antimicrobial Catheters for Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract

2018

Infection in Acute Cerebral Infarction

Isotani 2019

Endurological treatment trend of upper urinary urolithiasis in Japan from the Japanese

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2012 Medical treatment status

Diseases of the genitourinary

Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database

Diseases of the circulatory system

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection,systemcerebral infarction

Diseases of the genitourinary

upper urinary urolithiasis

system15) Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O99)
Shigemi 2019

Safety of Laparoscopic Surgery for Benign Diseases during Pregnancy: A Nationwide

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effectCesarean delivery rates for overall and multiple pregnancies in Japan: A descriptive study NDBNationwide

2014

2014 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison

Pregnancy, childbirth and the

Nationwide

2013

2013 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effectRetrospective Cohort Study
Maeda 2021

using nationwide health insurance claims data
Maeda 2018

Cesarean section rates and local resources for perinatal care in Japan: A nationwide
Association between mode of anaesthesia and severe maternal morbidity during

Pregnancy, childbirth and theCesarean delivery

age group

Cesarean section

age group

puerperium
NDB

Aggregated dataecological study using the national database of health insurance claims
Abe 2018

abdominal surgery during pregnancy

puerperium

Pregnancy, childbirth and thepuerperium

DPC

Pregnancy, childbirth and theadmission for scheduled Caesarean delivery: a nationwide population-based study insevere maternal morbidity, caesarean delivery

puerperium

Japan, 2010-2013
Ishikawa 2018

Antihypertensives prescribed for pregnant women in Japan: Prevalence and timing

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course ofPregnancy, childbirth and thedetermined from a database of health insurance claims
Naruse 2021

Placental abruption in each hypertensive disorders of pregnancy phenotype: aretrospective cohort study using a national inpatient database in Japan

Michihata

Safety and effectiveness of Japanese herbal Kampo medicines for treatment of2019

hyperemesis gravidarum

Ueda 2020[Responses to obstetric bleeding: Nationwide trend survey of obstetric critical bleeding

Diseases of the circulatory system

puerperium
Pregnancy, childbirth and thediseases

Othersaged 16–49 years

Othersaged ≥19 years

Othersaged 16–55 years

Othersaged 13-50 years

newborn treatment

Childrennewborn

intensive neonatal careChildrenneonateCleft lip and cleft palate

ChildrenchildrenCongenital malformations,congenital cytomegalovirus (ICD-10 code

Childrennewborn

deformations and chromosomal

P35.1)
Congenital malformations (Q00–Q89)

Childreninfants

cryptorchidism

Childrencongenital diseases

Down syndrome, respiratory syncytial virusChildren≤24 months of age

Down's syndrome, Respiratory syncrytical virusChildrenaged 0-1 years

puerperium

JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2016 Intervention effect

Health economics

NDB

Nationwide

2010

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2011

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2005

2018 Intervention effectNationwide

2004

2008 Health economics

antihypertensives prescribed for pregnant
women

Diseases of the circulatory system

Pregnancy, childbirth and thePlacental abruption, preeclampsia,
hypertension

Otherspregnant womenpuerperium

using a database of information such as health insurance claims and specific healthPregnancy, childbirth and thecritical obstetrical hemorrhage

puerperium

diseasescheckups]*
Sato 2019

Nationwide survey of severe postpartum hemorrhage in Japan: an exploratory study using NDB

Sampling data

the national database of health insurance claims
Isogai 2017

In-hospital management and outcomes in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy: adiseases

descriptive study using a national inpatient database in Japan
Shigemi 2021

Association between rehabilitation during hospitalization and perinatal outcomes among

Health policy evaluation andPregnancy, childbirth and theutilization

puerperium

Medical treatment status

Pregnancy, childbirth and thediseases

Ophthalmic Corticosteroids in Pregnant Women with Allergic Conjunctivitis and Adverse

2020

Neonatal Outcomes: Propensity Score Analyses

Peripartum cardiomyopathy

puerperium

pregnant women with threatened preterm birth
Hashimotopostpartum hemorrhage

Pregnancy, childbirth and the

Certain conditions originating in the threatened preterm birth

puerperium

perinatal periodPregnancy, childbirth and the

Certain conditions originating in the topical ophthalmic corticosteroids during

puerperium

perinatal period

pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes16) Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96)
Shigeoka 2014 Supplier-induced demand for newborn treatment: evidence from Japan

Otherscollecting data fromJapanese insurance

Health policy evaluation andCertain conditions originating in theutilization

perinatal period

COVID-19

Certain conditions originating in theclaims (introductionof the partial
prospective payment
system)Maeda 2021

Trends in intensive neonatal care during the COVID-19 outbreak in JapanMDVNationwide

20192020 Medical treatment status

Ogawa 2018Maternal exposure to benzodiazepine and risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: A

JMDCNationwide

2005

2014

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Health policy evaluation andperinatal period
Intervention effectcase-control study using a claims database in Japan

Certain conditions originating in the Mental, Behavioral andbenzodiazepine and risk of preterm birth andperinatal period

low birth weight

Neurodevelopmental disorders17) Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99)
Ono 2015

Effect of Hospital Volume on Outcomes of Surgery for Cleft Lip and Palate

Health economics

Congenital malformations,deformations and chromosomal

utilization

abnormalities
Lin 2020

Diagnosis and medical care for congenital cytomegalovirus infection: An observational

JMDC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Medical treatment status

Quality of carestudy using claims data in Japan, 2010 to 2017

abnormalities
Ishikawa 2021

Validity of congenital malformation diagnoses in healthcare claims from a university

Othershospital in Japan

inpatient andOthersTohoku2015

2015 Research methodology

Congenital malformations,outpatient claims

Universi

deformations and chromosomal

from a universitytyabnormalities

hospital, medical

Hospital

records (as a gold
standard)
Murase 2018

Nationwide Increase in Cryptorchidism After the Fukushima Nuclear Accident

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Othersdiseases

Congenital malformations,deformations and chromosomal
abnormalities

Kimura 2020

Utilization and efficacy of palivizumab for children with Down syndrome

JMDC

Nationwide

2007

2015 Intervention effect

Medical treatment status

Congenital malformations,Certain infectious and parasitic

deformations and chromosomal

diseasesabnormalities
Nomoto 2018

[Epidemiology Study of Risk Factors of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infectious
Diseases in Children with Down Syndrome Using Medical Records]

MDV

Nationwide

2011

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Congenital malformations,Certain infectious and parasitic

deformations and chromosomal

diseasesabnormalities

Ishimaru 2019

Impact of congenital heart disease on outcomes after primary repair of esophageal

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofatresia: a retrospective observational study using a nationwide database in Japan

Congenital malformations,diseasesesophageal atresia (ICD code: Q390, 391)

Childrenneonates (≤ 2 days old)

infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (Q400)

Children

0–100 days old

Omphalocele (ICD-10 code: Q792)

Childrenbabies (≤2 days old)

deformations and chromosomal
abnormalities

Fujiogi 2019

Factors affecting successful atropine therapy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Prediction modelIntervention effectretrospective analysis using a nationwide database in Japan

Congenital malformations,deformations and chromosomal
abnormalities

Fujiogi 2020

Clinical features, practice patterns and outcomes of omphalocele: a descriptive study

Nationwide

DPC

2010

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofusing a nationwide inpatient database in Japan

Medical treatment status

diseases

Congenital malformations,deformations and chromosomal
abnormalities

Michihata

Hospital volume and mortality due to preterm patent ductus arteriosus

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Health policy evaluation and2016

utilization

Congenital malformations,

Preterm patent ductus arteriosus (ICD-10 code: Children

excluded: age >1 year at

deformations and chromosomal

Q250)

admission

abnormalities
Nagano 2017

Surgery versus percutaneous transcatheter embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2015

2017 Intervention effectCongenital malformations,malformation: Analysis of a national inpatient database in Japan

Diseases of the circulatory system

pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (ICD-10
code: I28.0)

deformations and chromosomal
abnormalities

Fujiogi 2019

Early Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery for Urachal Remnant Resection inChildren: A Retrospective Analysis Using a Nationwide Inpatient Database in Japan

Congenital malformations,

Injury, poisoning and certain otherdeformations and chromosomal

consequences of external causes

urachal remnant, postoperative complications

Childrenage: 0-18 years

abnormalities
18) Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-T98)
Kondo 2019

Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes among patients with abdominal aortic injury in DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effectJapan: a nationwide cohort study
Otaka 2021

Association between parenteral nutrition in the early phase and outcomes in patients

Medical treatment status

diseases
DPC

Injury, poisoning and certain other

Abdominal aortic injury (ICD-10 code: S350)

Othersage ≥18 years

Injury, poisoning and certain otherabdominal trauma undergoing emergency

Othersage of >18 years

consequences of external causes

laparotomy

Injury, poisoning and certain otheraccidental hypothermia

Othersaged ≥19 years

consequences of external causes

with abdominal trauma undergoing emergency laparotomy: A retrospective nationwide
study
Ohbe 2019

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improves outcomes of accidental hypothermia

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

JMDC

Nationwide

2011

2016 Medical treatment status

Quality of care

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Intervention effect

Medical treatment status

Yasunaga 2010 Short report: Clinical features of bowel anisakiasis in Japan

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Tsuchiya 2018 Tracheostomy and mortality in patients with severe burns: A nationwide observational

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effectNationwide

2010

2013 Research methodology

without vital signs: A nationwide observational study
Muramatsu

Epidemiological Study of Hospital Admissions for Food-induced Anaphylaxis using the2020

Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database

Nakajima 2020 Epinephrine autoinjector prescription patterns for severe anaphylactic patients in Japan:

consequences of external causes
diseases

A retrospective analysis of health insurance claims data
Okubo 2021

Effects of Glucocorticoids on Hospitalized Children With Anaphylaxis

Validation of the prognostic burn index: a nationwide retrospective study

reaction (ICD-10 code T78.0)

Injury, poisoning and certain otheranaphylaxis

age group

Injury, poisoning and certain other

Diseases of the skin andconsequences of external causes

subcutaneous tissue

anaphylaxis

Childrenyounger than 18 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

Others18-84 years

Othersaged ≥15 years

anisakiasis (ICD code, T810)

consequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain othersevere burns

consequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain otherobservational nationwide study
Tagami 2015

consequences of external causes

Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseases

Antithrombin use and 28-day in-hospital mortality among severe-burn patients: ananaphylactic shock due to an adverse foodconsequences of external causes

study
Tagami 2017

Injury, poisoning and certain othersevere burns

consequences of external causes
DPC(relationships

Injury, poisoning and certain otherbetween PBI andburn patientsconsequences of external causes

mortality)
Endo 2019

Volume-outcome relationship on survival and cost benefits in severe burn injury: a

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Health economics

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2018 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effectNakajima 2019 Effect of high-dose vitamin C therapy on severe burn patients: a nationwide cohort study DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effectretrospective analysis of a Japanese nationwide administrative database
Matsuo 2020

Age-dependent influence of premorbid underweight status on mortality in severe burnpatients: An administrative database study

Tagami 2016

Prophylactic Antibiotics May Improve Outcome in Patients With Severe Burns Requiring

Health policy evaluation andInjury, poisoning and certain otherutilizationconsequences of external causesburn injury

Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseasesburn injuries

consequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain other

Mechanical Ventilation: Propensity Score Analysis of a Japanese Nationwide Database

severe burnconsequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain otherburn (ICD-10 codes: T20–T32)

consequences of external causes
Tagami 2019

Haptoglobin use and acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy among

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effectInjury, poisoning and certain other

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2009 Intervention effectpatients with severe burn injury: a nationwide database study
Nakajima 2020 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and mortality from carbon monoxide poisoning: A nationwide

Injury, poisoning and certain otherobservational study
Nakajima 2019 Disaster-related carbon monoxide poisoning after the Great East Japan Earthquake,
Mortality and morbidity after high-dose methylprednisolone treatment in patients withcarbon monoxide poisoning (ICD-10 code: T58) Others

adult patientsconsequences of external causes

2011: a nationwide observational study
Chikuda 2014burnconsequences of external causes

OthersInjury, poisoning and certain otherdiseases

CO poisoning

consequences of external causes

acute cervical spinal cord injury: a propensity-matched analysis using a nationwide

Injury, poisoning and certain othercervical spinal cord injury (SCI)(ICD-10 code:

consequences of external causes

S141)

Injury, poisoning and certain othercholinergic crisis (T44.0)

age categories

chronic subdural hematoma (S0650)

no restriction on patient

administrative database
Ohbe 2018

Cholinergic Crisis Caused by Cholinesterase Inhibitors: a Retrospective Nationwide

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013

NDB

Nationwide

2012

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Database StudyToi 2018

Present epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma in Japan: analysis of 63,358 cases

consequences of external causes
Clinical epidemiology, course ofrecorded in a national administrative database
Okumura 2017 Epidemiology of overdose episodes from the period prior to hospitalization for drug

Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseasespoisoning until discharge in Japan: An exploratory descriptive study using a nationwide

consequences of external causes
Medical treatment status

diseasesage

Injury, poisoning and certain otheroverdose episodes (defined as an initialconsequences of external causes

definitive diagnosis of drug poisoning (ICD10:

claims database
Kanehara 2016 [Psychiatric intervention and repeated admission to emergency centers due to drug

T360-T509))
DPC

DPC Study Group

Nationwide

2010

2013

Intervention effectoverdose]
Okumura 2012 Characteristics, procedural differences, and costs of inpatients with drug poisoning in

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008

Medical treatment status[An analysis of the utilization of medical care services for femoral neck fracture patients

2010

2013 Health economics

Mental, Behavioral andconsequences of external causes

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Health economics Injury, poisoning and certain otheracute care hospitals in Japan
Matsuda 2016

Injury, poisoning and certain otherpsychiatric intervention, drug overdose

Othersaged ≥12 years

drug poisoning

Othersaged 12 or above

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

consequences of external causes
NHI/LSEHS

using the comprehensive medical care database]*

medical insurance

Municipality

A

claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality inHealth policy evaluation andInjury, poisoning and certain otherutilizationconsequences of external causes

femoral neck fracture

Fukuoka
Tsuda 2014

Effects of fondaparinux on pulmonary embolism following hemiarthroplasty for femoral

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Intervention effectInjury, poisoning and certain otherneck fracture: a retrospective observational study using the Japanese Diagnosis

femoral neck fractrue (S72.0)

consequences of external causes

Procedure Combination database
Hara 2020[Assessment of early surgery for hip fracture from the diagnosis procedure combination
database]

MDV

Nationwide

2017

2017 Intervention effect

Health economics

Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

fracture of the femur

Nishioka 2020

Body mass index and recovery of activities of daily living in older patients with femoral

JMDC

fracture: An analysis of a national inpatient database in Japan

Japan Medical Data

Nationwide

2014

Center (JMDC)

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseases

acute femoral fracture

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Older persons

excluded <60 years oldOlder persons

aged ≥65 years

consequences of external causes

Diagnosis Procedure
Combination (DPC)
database
Tanaka 2016

Validation Study of Claims-based Definitions of Suspected Atypical Femoral Fractures

OthersUsing Clinical Information
Tanaka 2012

[An investigation of factors affecting in-hospital mortality of proximal femoral fracture

DPC

claims databases,

Othersthreeelectronic medical

hospital

record databasess

DPC Study Group

Nationwide

2010

2007

Data regarding fracture incidence according to fracture site, month, and age group
Variation in fracture risk by season and weather: A comprehensive analysis across age

NDB

OthersNDB

OthersPolypharmacy of medications and fall-related fractures in older people in Japan: a

Kanto

2013

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

20132016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2011

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Nationwide

2010

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of2015

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course ofarea

and fracture site using a National Database of Health Insurance Claims in Japan
Iihara 20162009 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesobtained from the large public health insurance claim database in Japan
Hayashi 2019

Injury, poisoning and certain other

Kanto

Sampling data

Research methodology

diseases

area
NDB
NDB

Jamal 2020

Multilevel analysis of hemodialysis-associated infection among end-stage renal disease

NHI/LSEHS

Fukuoka Prefecture

patients: results of a retrospective cohort study utilizing the insurance claim data of

Association of Latter

Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan

Stage Elderly

Prefecture

Fukuoka

fracture of the neck of the femur,

consequences of external causes

pertrochanteric fractur (S72.0 S72.1)

Injury, poisoning and certain otherfracture

Injury, poisoning and certain otherfracture

consequences of external causes
Medical treatment status

diseases

Characteristics of heat-illness patients in Japan : Analysis from receipt data for the past

Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

diseases

comparison between driving-prohibited and driving-cautioned medications
Miyake 2015

atypical femoral fracturesconsequences of external causes

using the DPC database]*
Hayashi 20192012 Research methodology

Injury, poisoning and certain otherfall-related fracturesconsequences of external causes
Socioeconomic comparison

diseases

Injury, poisoning and certain otherheatstroke

Injury, poisoning and certain otherhemodialysis-associated infection

Older persons≥65 years of age

hip fracture

Othersaged ≥15 years

acute hip fracture (ICD-10 code: S70)

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Hip fracture

Othersaged <65 years

hip fracture

Older persons

aged ≥75 years

hip fracture

Othersaged ≥40 years

hip fracture

Older persons

older patients

hip fracture surgery (S72.0-2)

Older persons

Older People

hip fracture

Older persons

75 years or older

single hip fracture

Othersaged ≥60 years

hip fracture

Older persons≥65 years of age

Othersaged ≥40 years

consequences of external causes

Healthcare
Yamazaki 2020 [The effect of rehabilitation to the patient with osteosynthesis of the proximal femoral

DPC

Nationwide

2013

2014 Intervention effectImpact of Number of Drug Types on Clinical Outcome in Patients with Acute Hip Fracture JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Intervention effectInjury, poisoning and certain otherfractures]
Maki 2019consequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

Fukuda 2019

[Surgery for hip fracture within 36 hours of injury requires additional emergency care

MDV

Nationwide

2017

2017 Health economics

2012

2013 Health economics

Injury, poisoning and certain othermanagement Analysis of 2017 DPC data]*
Mori 2018

Estimated expenditures for hip fractures using merged healthcare insurance data forconsequences of external causes
NHI/LSEHS

individuals aged >= 75 years and long-term care insurance claims data in Japan

healthcare insurance

Municipality

and long-term care

City of

Injury, poisoning and certain otherKashiwa

consequences of external causes

insurance claims data
Tomioka 2018

Equality of treatment for hip fracture irrespective of regional differences in

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2014 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison

20122016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Health policy evaluation andInjury, poisoning and certain otherutilizationconsequences of external causessocioeconomic status: Analysis of nationwide hospital claims data in Japan
Matsuda 2020

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the usage of medical andInjury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

OthersA

nursing care services of elderly hip fracture patients using consolidated data on healthclaims and LTC

municip

insurance claims in medical and nursing care ]*insurance claims data

ality indiseasesWesternJapan
Nishi 2019

Comparison of regional with general anesthesia on mortality and perioperative length of

NHI/LSEHS

stay in older patients after hip fracture surgery

Fukuoka Prefecture

Prefecture

Fukuoka

Regional Association

Prefectu

for Late-Stage

re

2012

2016 Intervention effectInjury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

Healthcare for Older
PeopleNishi 2018

Association Between Financial Incentives for Regional Care Coordination and Health

NHI/LSEHS

Fukuoka Prefecture

Care Resource Utilization Among Older Patients after Femoral Neck Fracture Surgery: A

Regional Association

Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Claims Databasefor Late-Stage

Prefecture

Fukuoka

2010

2016 Health economics

Health policy evaluation andInjury, poisoning and certain otherutilizationconsequences of external causes

Intervention effectInjury, poisoning and certain other

Healthcare for Older
PeopleShoda 2012

Risk factors affecting inhospital mortality after hip fracture: retrospective analysis using

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2009 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Effectiveness of regional clinical pathways on postoperative length of stay for hip fracture DPC

Nationwide

2011

2013 Intervention effectNationwide

2012

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Intervention effectJMDC

Nationwide

2008

2013 Medical treatment status

the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database
Ogawa 2021

Seasonal impact on surgical site infections in hip fracture surgery: Analysis of 330,803

diseases

cases using a nationwide inpatient database
Mine 2020

consequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseasespatients: A retrospective observational study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure

consequences of external causes
Health policy evaluation andInjury, poisoning and certain otherutilizationconsequences of external causes

hip fracture

Combination database
Tamaki 2019

Estimates of hip fracture incidence in Japan using the National Health Insurance Claim

NDB

Aggregated data

Database in 2012–2015
Matsuda 2016

Relationship Between Depressive State and Treatment Characteristics of Acute Cervical
Spinal Cord Injury in Japan

Wada 2015

Effectiveness of surgical rib fixation on prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with

Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseasesdiseases

traumatic rib fractures: A propensity score-matched analysis
Aso 2020

Influence of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident on the Use of

OthersComputed Tomography in Children With Mild Head Injuries
Yamaoka 2020 Incidence and Age Distribution of Hospitalized Presumptive and Possible Abusive Headhip fracture

consequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain other

Mental, Behavioral andunspecified injuries of cervical spinal cord (ICD-

consequences of external causes

Neurodevelopmental disorders

10 code; S14.1), depressive state

Injury, poisoning and certain otherinjuries including rib fractures (S223, S224, orconsequences of external causes

S225)

Injury, poisoning and certain othermild head injuries, use of CT

age group
OthersDPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Safety of Tranexamic Acid During Pediatric Trauma: A Nationwide Database StudyDPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Intervention effectWada 2018

Development and validation of an ICD-10-based disability predictive index for patients

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Prediction model

Trauma of Children Under 12 Months Old in Japan

Socioeconomic comparison

diseases

Injury, poisoning and certain other

OthersAbusive head trauma

Childrenunder 36 months oldpediatric trauma

Childrenless than or equal to 12

trauma (S00 to T14)

Othersconsequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes
Research methodology

admitted to hospitals with trauma
Development and validation of a new ICD-10-based trauma mortality prediction scoring[ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEVERE TRAUMA PATIENT VOLUME, SURVIVAL BENEFIT,

years old

Injury, poisoning and certain otheraged ≥15 years

consequences of external causes
DPC

Nationwide

2007

2014 Prediction model

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2015 Health policy evaluation andsystem using a Japanese national inpatient database
Endo 2018

patients aged ≤15 years

consequences of external causes

Maeda 2018

Wada 2017

excluded younger than
20 yearsChildren

AND TOTAL HEALTHCARE COSTS ; ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE NATIONAL

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseasesconsequences of external causes

Health economics

Injury, poisoning and certain otherinjuries
Severe Trauma Patientage group
Othersutilizationconsequences of external causes

2014 Intervention effectInjury, poisoning and certain othertrauma patients with uncontrolled hemorrhagic Others

consequences of external causes

shock

aged ≥16 years

ADMINISTRATIVE DATABASE]
Aso 2017

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta or resuscitative thoracotomy

DPC

Nationwide

2010

with aortic clamping for noncompressible torso hemorrhage: A retrospective nationwide

aged 15 years or older

study
Miyamoto
2020

Pregabalin and injury: A nested case-control and case-crossover study

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Intervention effectInjury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

Diseases of the nervous systemuse of pregabalin and injury

Otherspatients aged ≥20 years

Sumitani 2011 Prevalence of malignant hyperthermia and relationship with anesthetics in Japan: data

DPC

Nationwide

2006

2008 Intervention effectOno 2016

Impact of Body Mass Index on the Outcomes of Open Reduction for Mandibular Fractures DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Injury, poisoning and certain other

KishimotoSuspected periprosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty under propofol

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Intervention effect2018

versus sevoflurane anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study

Suzuki 2014

Impact of systemic steroids on posttonsillectomy bleeding: analysis of 61 430 patients

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2013 Intervention effectfrom the diagnosis procedure combination databasediseases

Seasonal Variations in the Risk of Reoperation for Surgical Site Infection Following

Injury, poisoning and certain other

Patient-related risk factors for surgical site infection following eight types of

Sugihara 2014

Does mechanical bowel preparation ameliorate damage from rectal injury in radical

Injury, poisoning and certain other

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course ofManagement trends, angioembolization performance and multiorgan injury indicators of

DPC

DPC, JANIS

Effectiveness of surgical fixation for rib fractures in relation to its timing: a retrospective

2007

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Early Versus Late Rib Fixation in Patients With Traumatic Rib Fractures: A Nationwide

Nationwide

2008

2010 Quality of carediseases
DPC

Risks of in-hospital death and complications after fusion surgery in patients with

Others

50 years or older were

postoperative surgical site infection

Othersaged 20 years or older

Atlantoaxial Subluxation, rheumatoid arthritis

Othersaged 20 years or older

severe torso injury

Othersaged ≥15 years

minor injuries, traumatic brain injuriesChildrenaged ≤36 months

acute traumatic brain injury

Othersnot included aged >90

traumatic brain injury

Older persons

65 years old and older

traumatic brain injury

Othersaged ≥16 years

traumatic thoracic aortic injury

Othersaged ≥18 years

vertebral fractures

Older persons

over 65 years of age

vertebral compression fracture

Older persons

65 years or older

clinical vertebral fractures

Older persons

aged 65 and over

Fractures, Intracranial Hemorrhages

OthersSurgical site infections

consequences of external causes

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2006

2008 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012

Health policy evaluation andInjury, poisoning and certain otherutilizationconsequences of external causes

perioperative patient

Injury, poisoning and certain otherrectal injury

consequences of external causes
Medical treatment status

diseases

Injury, poisoning and certain otherrenal trauma (ICD-10 code: S37.0)

consequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain otherrib fractures (ICD-10 codes; S22.3–S22.5)

consequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain otherStudy
Ohya 2015

exclude age <40

postoperative bleeding after tonsillectomy

excluded

Injury, poisoning and certain otherJapanese nationwide study
Otaka 2020

aged ≥18 years

Othersconsequences of external causes

Nationwide

renal trauma from Japanese administrative claims database
Otaka 2020

OthersInjury, poisoning and certain otherdiseases

prostatectomy? Analysis of 151 rectal injury cases
Sugihara 2012

Others

Periprosthetic joint infection

consequences of external causes

gastrointestinal surgery
Kitazawa 2014 Perioperative patient safety indicators and hospital surgical volumes

mandibular fracture

consequences of external causesElective Spinal Fusion Surgery
Fukuda 2016

Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

using a national inpatient database in Japan
Ohya 2017

Malignant Hyperthermia (T883)

consequences of external causes
Intervention effectrib fractures (ICD-10 codes; S22.3–S22.5)

consequences of external causes
Clinical epidemiology, course ofIntervention effect Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseasesconsequences of external causes

atlantoaxial subluxation: analysis of 1090 patients using the Japanese Diagnosis

Diseases of the musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue

Procedure Combination database
Wada 2018

Impact of hospital volume on mortality in patients with severe torso injury

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2014 Health policy evaluation andObikane 2020

Cumulative visits for care of minor injuries are associated with traumatic brain injury in

JMDC

Nationwide

2009

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Yamaoka 2020 Impact of Number of Drugs on Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients after Traumatic Brain JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Intervention effectNationwide

2010

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Injury, poisoning and certain otherutilization
young children

consequences of external causes
Othersdiseasesconsequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain other

Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Nishina 2020

[Investigation of Characteristics and Risk Factors for Death in Elderly People Who

consequences of external causes
DPC

DPC Study Group

Suffered from Traumatic Brain Injury Occurred in Hospital]
Ohbe 2020

Early enteral nutrition in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a propensity score-

Injury, poisoning and certain other

Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseases
DPC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of2015

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course ofyears

consequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain othermatched analysis using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan

consequences of external causes

Tagami 2014

Thoracic aortic injury in Japan: Nationwide retrospective cohort study

Hamasaki

Incidence of clinical vertebral fractures and hip fractures of the elderly (65 years or over) NHI/LSEHS

National Health2020

population-large-scale data analysis using claim database in Kure City, Hiroshima, Japan

Insurance (NHI) or

Medical treatment status

diseases
Municipality

Kure
City

Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes
Injury, poisoning and certain otherdiseasesconsequences of external causes

Senior Elderly Care
System (SECS)
Kobata 2020

Effectiveness of Early Rehabilitation for Vertebral Compression Fractures: A

JMDCNationwide

2014

2018 Intervention effect2015

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Injury, poisoning and certain other

Retrospective Cohort Study
Hamasaki[Incidence of clinical vertebral fractures and the rate for operation of the elderly in Kure

2020

City; large-scale claim database analysis]

consequences of external causes
NHI/LSEHSThe National HealthMunicipality

Insurance system and

Kure
City

Medical treatment status

diseases

Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

Late Elders’ Health
Insurance
Toba 2017[Develop a monitoring procedure for cases of bone fractures and intracranial bleeding

DPC

medical records

OthersMedicaldue to falls based on integrating adverse event data extracted from medical fee

Hospital,

information and other data]

Tokyo

2012

2015 Research methodology

Injury, poisoning and certain otherconsequences of external causes

MedicalandDentalUniversity19) Others
Murata 2014

Age-related differences in outcomes and etiologies of acute abdominal pain based on a

DPC

Nationwide

2009

2011 Clinical epidemiology, course of

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010 Quality of care

MDV

Nationwide

2003

2011 Research methodology

national administrative database
Kobayashi[INVESTIGATION ON EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL CARE BASED ON

2012

CLINICAL INDICATORS BY THE UTILIZATION OF DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE

Othersacute abdominal pain (R100)

Othersmedical care at acute care hospitals

Othersdiarrhea, bronchitis, and eczema related toage groups

diseases

COMBINATION DATA]
Ueyama 2014

Application of a self-controlled case series study to a database study in children

Health policy evaluation andutilization

Li 2021

Characterizing the incidence of adverse events of special interest for COVID-19 vaccines

JMDC

across eight countries: a multinational network cohort study
Koizumi 2021

Effect of population inflow and outflow between rural and urban areas on regional

13 databases from

Nationwide

20172019 Intervention effect

COVID-19

Otherseight countries
NDB

Aggregated data

Childrenaged between 0 and 5

palivizumab treatment

years

adverse events of special interest for COVID-19

age groups

vaccines
Nationwide

2015

2015 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison

Othersantimicrobial consumption

Nationwide

2016

2016 Medical treatment status

Research methodology

Othersantimicrobial consumption

Nationwide

2012

2015 Medical treatment status

Othersoutpatient antibiotic prescriptions

Nationwide

2017

2017 Prediction model

Othersantimicrobial consumption

antimicrobial use surveillancenatinal,age category

prefectu
ral,secondmedicalarea

Mita 2021

An alternative index for evaluating AMU and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

NDB

Aggregated data

aureus agent use: A study based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims
and Specific Health Checkups data of Japan
Hashimoto

Indications and classes of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in Japan: A descriptive study NDB

2020

using the national database of electronic health insurance claims, 2012-2015

Maeda 2020

Development of the predicted and standardized carbapenem usage metric: Analysis of
the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination payment system data

DPC

Research methodology

age groupOno 2020

The first national survey of antimicrobial use among dentists in Japan from 2015 to 2017

NDB

Aggregated data

Nationwide

2015

2017 Medical treatment status

20132016 Medical treatment status

20162017 Research methodology

20112013 Research methodology

20092010 Medical treatment status

Othersantimicrobial consumption

Othersantimicrobial consumption

Othersantimicrobial use

Othersantimicrobial use

OthersAntimicrobial Drug Usebased on the national database of health insurance claims and specific health checkups
of Japan
Kinoshita 2019 Nationwide study of outpatient oral antimicrobial utilization patterns for children in Japan NDB

Nationwide(2013-2016)
Tanaka 2019

Evaluation of the usefulness of antimicrobial use survey using claims data

Health policy evaluation andChildren<15 year of age

utilization
DPC

claims data andOthersNational

electronic medical

Centrerecordsfor
GlobalHealthandMedicine

Yamasaki 2018 The first report of Japanese antimicrobial use measured by national database based on

Gu 2011

NDB

Aggregated data:

health insurance claims data (2011-2013): comparison with sales data, and trendsales data previously

analysis stratified by antimicrobial category and age groupreported[Outpatient antimicrobial drug use and antimicrobial resistance frequency in Suwa area,

NHI/LSEHS

NHINationwide

Prefecture

Nagano, Japan]

Suwa,

Medical treatment status

age group

Naganoprefectu
reMatsushita201 [Study on Prescription Status and Clinical Utility of Injectable Antimicrobial Agents by
1

Retrospective Analysis of Multicenter Medical Cost Accounting Data]

Goto 2019[Investigation on the current status surrounding biologics and the impact of biosimilars

MDV

Nationwide

2006

2010 Medical treatment status

Intervention effect

OthersAntimicrobial Drug Use

MDVNationwide

2012

2018 Medical treatment status

Health economics

Othersbiosimilar

Nationwide

2006

2008 Prediction model

Medical treatment status

Othersblood product use

Otherspreoperative haemostasis and ABO blood typing Children

on drug cost using real world data]
Sekimoto 2010 [LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS PREDICT HOSPITAL-WIDE BLOOD PRODUCT USE]

DPC

QIP

Yonekura 2019 Use of preoperative haemostasis and ABO blood typing tests in children: a retrospective

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2018 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Medical treatment status

2016
2015

observational study using a nationwide claims database in Japan
Yonekura 2018 Preoperative Blood Tests Conducted Before Low-Risk Surgery in Japan: A Retrospective

aged 1–17 years

tests
Quality of care

Otherspreoperative blood tests before low-risk surgery Others2017 Medical treatment status

Others

Detection of bloodstream infections

2015 Health policy evaluation andOthersChronic disease

OthersChronic disease

Otherschronic stage bed

20–64 years of age

Observational Study Using a Nationwide Insurance Claims Database
Tarasawa 2019 [A Study on factors related to blood culture performing rate preceding broad-spectrum

DPC

DPCRI

Nationwide

NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

Othersantimicrobial agent therapy : Analyses of clinical indicators using the DPC data]
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of outpatient functions ofchronic hospitals]*municip

claims and LTC

alities ininsurance claims data

Western

Older persons

Older People

Older persons

Older People

utilization

Japan
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of inpatient functions of

NHI/LSEHS

chronic hospitals]*

medical insurance

Othersmunicip

claims (The National

alities in

Health Insurance

Westernsystem and Late

Japan

2015

2016 Health policy evaluation andutilization

Elders’ Health
Insurance)
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the structure of sickness of NHI/LSEHS

medical insurance

inpatients by classification of long-term care beds]*

claims (The National

alities in

Health Insurance

Othersmunicip
Westernsystem and Late

Japan

2015

2015 Medical treatment status

Health policy evaluation andutilization

Elders’ Health
Insurance)
Imai 2020

Prescription of Colchicine with Other Dangerous Concomitant Medications: A Nation-

JMDC

Nationwide

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2017 Medical treatment status

Othersinappropriate colchicine prescriptions

Socioeconomic comparison

Othersmultinational pharmacoepidemiologic studies

Wide Survey Using the Japanese Claims DatabaseLai 2018

Applying a common data model to Asian databases for multinational
pharmacoepidemiologic studies: opportunities and challenges

Japan,

Research methodology

Taiwan,
Hong
Kong,
South
Korea,and US

Amano 2020

The Prevalence and Characteristics of Older Japanese Adults with Polypharmacy, Based

NHI/LSEHS

on Regionally Representative Health Insurance Claims Data

National HealthPrefecture

2016

2016 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

Otherspolypharmacy among elderly

20142014 Medical treatment status

Patient health service utilization

Otherspolypharmacy in older outpatients

Older persons

aged ≥75 years

Nationwide

2009

2015 Quality of care

Otherspotentially inappropriate medication

Older persons

patients aged 65 years

Nationwide

2011

2011 Medical treatment status

Othersprohibitions or cautions on driving

Others

25 years and older

2006

2007 Quality of care

Otherspotentially inappropriate medications

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Otherslower-dose prescription drugs

Othersduplicative prescriptions

Insurance and Late-

Nagasakistage Elderly Health
Insurance
Ishizaki 2020

Drug prescription patterns and factors associated with polypharmacy in >1 million older

NHI/LSEHS

adults in Tokyo

Tokyo Metropolitan

Prefecture

Tokyo

Association of
Medical Care for
Senior Citizens

Sato 2018

Potentially Inappropriate Medication Prescribing and Risk of Unplanned Hospitalization

MDV

among the Elderly: A Self-Matched, Case-Crossover Study
Iihara 2014

[Survey of Usage of Medication with Driving with Prohibition or Caution by the National

and above
NDB

Sampling data

Health Insurance Claims Database in Japan]
Akazawa 2010 Potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly Japanese patientsJMDC

Nationwide(5
corporate health
insurancesocieties)

Ogata 2019

Lower-dose prescriptions in the post-marketing situation and the influencing factors

MDV

Nationwide

2015

2015 Medical treatment status

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2012 Medical treatment status

thereonTakahashi

Social network analysis of duplicative prescriptions: One-month analysis of medical

2016

facilities in Japan

Health policy evaluation andutilization

age groupBrauer 2020

Application of a Common Data Model (CDM) to rank the paediatric user and prescription JMDC

NationwideSouthprevalence of 15 different drug classes in South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and

Korea,

Australia: an observational, descriptive study

Hong

2009

2013 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparisonprescription prevalence of 15 different drug

OthersChildren

18 years or younger

Older persons

aged ≥75 years, or thoseclassesKong,
Taiwan,Japan
andAustralia
Seki 2015[Drug Utilization Study of Potential Drug-drug Interactions using the Sampling Dataset of NDB

Sampling data

Nationwide

Investigation of the Existence of Supplier-Induced Demand in use of Gastrostomy Among NHI/LSEHS

Late Elders’ HealthPrefecture

Older Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Insurance

2011

2012 Medical treatment status

Otherspotential drug-drug interactions

2010

2013 Health policy evaluation andOtherseating difficulties (F50: Eating disorders; J69:

the National Database of Health Insurance Claim Information]
Maeda 2016

Fukuokautilization

Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids; R13:

aged 65 to 74 years with

Dysphagia; R630: Anorexia; and R633: Feedinga specific disability

difficulties)
Kondo 2021

Efficacy of Prophylactic Antibiotics during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2017 Intervention effect

Otherspatients receiving ECMO treatment

Others≥18 year of age

In-hospital mortality and successful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane DPC

Nationwide

2010

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Othersreceiving VA-ECMO (cardiogenic shoc,

Othersaged ≥19 years

underwent ECMO

Othersaged ≥18 years

gastrointestinal bleeding (receiving ECMO)

Others≥18 year of age

Nationwide Cohort Study
Aso 2016

oxygenation: analysis of 5,263 patients using a national inpatient database in Japandiseasespulmonary embolism, hypothermia, poisoning,or trauma)

Muguruma

Epidemiology and volume-outcome relationship of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation DPC

2020

for respiratory failure in Japan: A retrospective observational study using a national

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effect

Health policy evaluation andOthersutilization

administrative database
Kondo 2020

Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor antagonists for stress ulcer

DPC

Nationwide

DPC

Prefecture

20102017 Intervention effect

Others2010

2010 Health policy evaluation andOthers

Diseases of the digestive systemprophylaxis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a propensity score-matchedanalysis
Matsuda 2013

Analysis of Transfer Distance of Emergency Stroke Cases in Kumamoto, Japan

Kumam
oto

utilization

emergency cases by pathology base(neurological, cardiologic, pediatric and injury
cases)

Kuwahara[[Outline and problems of DPC system reform] Evaluation of emergency medical care

2010

using DPC data]*

Sugitani 2016

Postmarketing Benefit-Risk Assessment for Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents Using aDPC

hospitals participated Nationwide

2009

2009 Medical treatment status

Nationwide

2011

2014 Health policy evaluation andNationwide

2006

2008 Prediction model

Othersemergency medicine

Otherserythropoietin agents

Others≥15 years

Othersfresh frozen plasma (FFP) and albumin

Othersadult

Othersaged 18 years or older

in the study group
MDV

Health Care Database
Sekimoto 2010 [RISK-ADJUSTED ASSESSMENT OF FRESH FROZEN PLASMA AND ALBUMIN

Health economics

utilization
DPC

QIP

Medical treatment status

PRODUCT USE IN ACUTE-CARE HOSPITALS IN JAPAN: AN ANALYSIS USING

products

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA]
Uchida 2011

Impact of remifentanil introduction on practice patterns in general anesthesia

DPC

Nationwide

2006

2007 Medical treatment status

Othersgeneral anesthesia

Takeda 2019

Utilization of arterial pulse waveform analysis during non-cardiac surgery in Japan: a

MDVNationwide

2014

2016 Medical treatment status

Health policy evaluation andOthersnon-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia

MDV

Nationwide

2014

2016 Intervention effect

Others

20132014 Patient health service utilization

utilization
retrospective observational study using a nationwide claims database
Takeda 2020

The association between arterial pulse waveform analysis device and in-hospitalwith an arterial catheter

mortality in high-risk non-cardiac surgeries
Ito 2019

Can income-based co-payment rates improve disparity? The case of the choice between

patients undergoing high-risk surgery undergeneral anaesthesia

NHI/LSEHS

brand-name and generic drugs
Kinoshita 2019 Effect of tranexamic acid on mortality in patients with haemoptysis: a nationwide study

DPC

Miyawaki 2019 Effect of a medical subsidy on health service utilization among schoolchildren: A

NHI/LSEHS

Medical Care System Prefecturea largeof Latter-stage

prefectu

ElderlyreNationwide

NHI

Prefecturecommunity-based natural experiment in Japan

Prefectu

Health policy evaluation andOthersbrand-name drug, generic drug

Older persons≥75 years of age

utilization20102017 Intervention effect2012

2017 Health policy evaluation andre N’sOthershaemoptysis (ICD-10 code: R042)

Othersage ≥18 years

Health economics

Othershealth service expenditureChildrenaged 6–11 at baseline

Othersaged ≥18 years

utilization

NHI
organization
Osawa 2020

Machine-learning-based prediction models for high-need high-cost patients using

Others

MinaCareNationwide

OthersJapanese data came

Prefecture20132016 Prediction model

Health economics

OthersHigh-need, high-cost patients2014

2014 Health economics

Socioeconomic comparison

Othershigh-need high-cost patients

nationwide clinical and claims data
Tanke 2019

A challenge to all. A primer on inter-country differences of high-need, high-cost patientstwofrom two prefectures

prefectu

of insurance claims ofresthose not currently(Canadaemployed,
England,Germany, Japan,theNetherlands,
Spainand theUnitedStates)Imahori 2019

[Does income affect medical care and long-term care expenditures for the elderly? :NHI/LSEHS

Evidence from claims data of a municipality in Japan]

National HealthMunicipality

X city20142015 Health economics

Socioeconomic comparison

Othersmedical care expenditures

Othersaged ≥66 years

Municipality

city A,

2007

2009 Health economics

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Othershealthcare costs

Older persons

aged 65 years or older

Insurance and LaterStage Elderly
Healthcare System,
long-term care data

Akiyama 2018

Healthcare costs for the elderly in Japan: Analysis of medical care and long-term careclaim records

NHI/LSEHS

MC (NHI) and LTC
insurance data

HokkaidodiseasesAkiyama 2017

[Seasonal effects on healthcare costs: Using panel data from medical and long-term care NHI/LSEHS

NHI and/or MCclaim records of the elderly in Hokkaido]

insurance systems for

Hokkaidthe elderly aged over

Municipality

city A,o

20072009 Health economics

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Othershealthcare costs

Othersthe annual outpatients medical expenditures

Older persons

over 65 years oldOlder persons

elderly between 67 anddiseases

65 years old, LTC
insurance data
Hiratsuka 2017 [Relationships between medical expenditures and the Specific Health Checkups scheme

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

Mishima

2008

2012 Health economics

2005

2013 Health policy evaluation andOthersmedical spending

2008

2013 Health economics

Othersmedical expenditure

2001

2005 Health policy evaluation andOthershigh-cost technologies (MRI, ESWL)Othersmedical expenditure

Othersspecial health check-up

Othersmedical and long-term care expenditures in the Older persons

City

in Japan: A Study of outpatient medical expenditures and questionnaire responses
concerning lifestyle that form part of the Specific Health Checkups scheme in Japan]
Fukushima

Patient cost sharing and medical expenditures for the Elderly

JMDC[Investigation of risk factors for increased medical expenses by matching data on health

NHI/LSEHS

Nationwide

2016
Tamaki 2014

Health economics

utilization
NHI

Municipality

insurance claims: An analysis of questionnaires and each test item in specific healthMishima

72 years oldcitycheckups]*
Otsubo 2011

Evaluation of resource allocation and supply-demand balance in clinical practice with

Othershigh-cost technologies

claims data from 16

Nationwide

16

sampled hospitals

sampled(QIP), National

hospital

Survey of Medicals (QIP)utilization

Care Institutions andNational Patient
Survey (MHLW)
Tomio 2010

[Association between the past health checkup results and health expenditures using the

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

National Health Insurance claims data]

a

2006

2007 Health economics

2008

2008 Health economics

2006

2009 Health economics

Othersaged 45–84 years

municip
ality inKumam
oto

Mitsutake[Examination of specific health guidance recipients based on specific health checkup

2010

data and medical expense data]*

Othersa health insurance

Othersa health

society and NHI (5insuranc

Municipalities)e

Otherssocietyand NHI(5
Municip
Mori 2020

Association of long-term care needs, approaching death and age with medical and long-

NHI/LSEHS

term care expenditures in the last year of life: An analysis of insurance claims data

insurance claims

Municipality(medical and LTC

Soma
City

aged ≥65 years

last year of life

insurance systems)
and death certificates
Hamada 2019

Household Income Relationship With Health Services Utilization and Healthcare

NHI/LSEHS

medical and LTC

Municipality

claimsExpenditures in People Aged 75 Years or Older in Japan: A Population-Based Study Using

suburba

2012

2013 Socioeconomic comparison

Patient health service utilization

Othershealthcare services utilization

Older persons

aged 75 years or older

Socioeconomic comparison

Othersinpatient health care costs

Older persons

aged 75 years and older

n city intheMedical and Long-term Care Insurance Claims DataTokyo
Yasui 2016

[Analysis of the inpatient health care costs for the late elderly]

NHI/LSEHS

Fukuoka Prefecture

Prefecture

Fukuoka

2010

2014 Health economics

Prefecture

Siga

2008

2008 Health economics

Othersmedical expenses for the elderly

Older persons

aged 65 years and above

medical care and LTC Prefecture

in a

2000

2004 Health economics

Otherscost of end-of-life care for the elderly

Older persons

aged 65 and overby National Healthprefectu

Insurance

re in the2003

2007 Health economics

Othershealth service utilizationdisease-specific medical expendituresless than 18 years of age

WideArea Associationof LatterStage
Elderly Healthcare
Anzai 2011

[A comparative analysis of medical expenses for elderly people with or without

NHI/LSEHS

certification of long-term care need]*

National Health
Insurance, HealthCare System for theLate Elderly

Hashimoto

Micro data analysis of medical and long-term care utilization among the elderly in Japan

NHI/LSEHS

2010

Kyushudistrict
Noguchi 2010[[Empirical verification of medical and long-term care policies] Empirical verification

NHI/LSEHS

WAM NET

Municipality

Nakatonbased on National Health Insurance claims data of the impact of uneven distribution ofnbetsu-medical resources on the range of medical consultations, the number of treatment days,chou

Health policy evaluation andutilizationand medical costs]*
Tanihara 2012 A comparison of disease-specific medical expenditures in Japan using the principal

JMDC

Nationwide

2006

2006 Health economics

Research methodology

OthersNationwide

20182020 COVID-19

Health economics

Othershospital charges

Nationwide

2007

2017 Medical treatment status

Othersidentified heparinoid prescription

2010

2015 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Othershepatic portal venous gas (ICD-10 code R93.2)

Others2014

2014 Health policy evaluation andOthersphysician home visits

Older persons

Othersin-home medical carediagnosis method and the proportional distribution method
Shin 2020

Economic impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute care hospitals in

DPC

QIP

Japan
Mimura 2019

The Association Between Internet Searches and Moisturizer Prescription in Japan:

JMDC

Retrospective Observational Study
Koizumi 2018

In-Hospital Mortality for Hepatic Portal Venous Gas: Analysis of 1590 Patients Using a

DPC

Nationwide

Japanese National Inpatient Database
Teramoto 2019 Impact of a national medical fee schedule revision on the cessation of physician homediseases
NHI/LSEHS

visits among older patients in Tokyo: A retrospective study

Tokyo Metropolitan

Prefecture

Tokyo

Association ofwere excluded

utilization

Medical Care
Services for Older
Senior Citizens
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of user characteristics by type NHI/LSEHS

medical insuranceof home medical treatment]*claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

OthersA
ality inWestern
Japan

2015

2015 Medical treatment status

aged 75 years or older

Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the current status of home

NHI/LSEHS

care management guidance by pharmacists]*

medical insurance

OthersA

claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality in2016

2016 Medical treatment status

Othershome medication management and guidance by Older persons

Older People

pharmacists

WesternJapan
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of characteristics of elderly

NHI/LSEHS

people requiring home nursing care by frequency of home nursing care]*medical insurance

OthersA

claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality in2015

2015 Health policy evaluation andOthershome care service

Othershome nursing careOlder persons

Older People

utilization

WesternJapan
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of user characteristics by type NHI/LSEHS

medical insuranceof home nursing care]*claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

Othersality inA

2015

2015 Health policy evaluation andutilization

WesternJapan
Ishizaki 2018

[Home medical treatment by a medical institution outside Tokyo for home care patients

NHI/LSEHS

Prefecture

Tokyo

2014

2014 Medical treatment status

Othersin-home medical careOlder persons

aged ≥75 years

Prefecture

A

2010

2010 Health policy evaluation andOthersaccess to home visit nursing

Older persons

aged ≥75 years

Medical treatment status

Othersoverall hospital admissions

Childrenchildren

Medical treatment status

Othershospitalized patients

Older persons

65 years old and older

who have an insurance card address in Tokyo]*
Naruse 2017

Measurement of special access to home visit nursing services among Japanese disabled

NHI/LSEHS

elderly people: using GIS and claim data
Kato 2017

Effect of reducing cost sharing for outpatient care on children's inpatient services inmedical and longterm care insurance

Prefectu

claims datareutilization

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Health policy evaluation and

DPC

Nationwide

2016

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofJapan
Tarasawa 2020 [The characteristics of hospitalized patients and the proportion of hospitalization by

utilization

ambulance from the viewpoint of presence or absence of home medical care before

diseases

hospitalization : Cross-sectional analysis using large-scale DPC data for elderly people]
Matsuda 2019

[An analysis of the current status of hospitalization from nursing homes and welfare

DPC

DPC Study Group

Nationwide

NHI/LSEHS

Long-term care andMunicipality

2016

2016 Socioeconomic comparison

2012

2013 Clinical epidemiology, course of

OthersHospitalizations from nursing home

Older persons

Older People

Socioeconomic comparison

Otherspotentially avoidable hospitalizations

Older persons

aged ≥75 years

Health policy evaluation andOlder persons

aged 75 years or older

facilities based on DPC data]*
Jeon 2018

Potentially avoidable hospitalizations, non-potentially avoidable hospitalizations and inhospital deaths among residents of long-term care facilitiesanational healthsuburbainsurance claims datan city of

diseases

Chiba
prefectu
reMitsutake[The associations between readmission within 30 days and the medical institute factors

2018

among older patients receiving home medical care]

Sasabuchi

Effect of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes on preventable hospital admissions: a

2018

retrospective cohort study in Japan

NHI/LSEHS

Prefecture

Tokyo

2013

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Othersreadmission

Prefecture

Kumam

2013

2016 Medical treatment status

OthersOtherspreventable hospital admissions

Nationwide

2000

2010 Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison

Othersshort-term inpatient health care provision

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Medical treatment status

Health policy evaluation andOthersuse of human albumin

Othersaged 15 years or older

DPC

Nationwide

2011

2011 Medical treatment status

Intervention effect

Othersadult patients admitted to ICUs

Othersaged 20 years or older

Medical treatment status

Othersaged ≥18 years

diseases
NHI/LSEHS

National Health
Insurance, Lateutilizationoto

Elders’ Health
Insurance
Yuda 2018

The medical assistance system and inpatient health care provision: Empirical evidence

Othersfrom short-term hospitalizations in Japan

Survey of Medical
Care Activities in
Public Health
Insurance, Factfinding Survey on
Medical AssistanceYano 2019

Establishing a hospital transfusion management system promotes appropriate clinicaluse of human albumin in Japan: a nationwide retrospective study

Iwagami 2015

Choice of renal replacement therapy modality in intensive care units: data from autilization

Japanese Nationwide Administrative Claim Database
Ohnuma 2018

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Others

ICU survivors

Hayashida

Predictors associated with unplanned hospital readmission of medical and surgical[Revenue and cost in Japanese ICU focused on the use of life-support system and length DPC

hospitals participated Nationwide

2010

2010 Health economics

OthersICU

2013

of stay in the diagnosis procedure combination/per-diem payment system]in the research group
Nationwide

20182019 Research methodology

OthersSOFA Score

Othersaged ≥15 years

Nationwide

2012

2014 Medical treatment status

Othersadministration of life-sustaining treatments

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

intensive care unit survivors within 30 days of discharge

Tarasawa 2021 [Evaluation of Unknown Registration and Utilization of SOFA Score : Analyses of ICU

diseases

DPC

Emergency Inpatients Using Large-scale DPC Data]
Sakai 2021

Ohbe 2021

Decreased Administration of Life-Sustaining Treatment just before Death among Older

DPC ResearchInstitute

NDB

Sampling data

Inpatients in Japan: A Time-Trend Analysis from 2012 through 2014 Based on a

(LSTs) and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions

Nationally Representative Sample

just before death in older inpatients

Intensive care unit occupancy in Japan, 2015-2018: a nationwide inpatient database

DPC

Nationwide

2015

2018 Health economics

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2012 Health policy evaluation and2015

Hospital Bed Ratio

Hayashida[Revenue and cost in Japanese ICU focused on the use of life-support system and length DPC

Nationwide

2010

2010 Health economics

2013

of stay in the diagnosis procedure combination/per-diem payment system]

Tomio 2017

Tuberculosis screening prior to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy among patients with

Nationwide

2013

2014 Medical treatment status

study
Sasabuchi

The Volume-Outcome Relationship in Critically Ill Patients in Relation to the ICU-to-

Health policy evaluation andOthersICU bed occupancy

utilization
OthersICU admitted patients

OthersICU

Othersimmune-mediated inflammatory diseases (M05 Others

utilization

JMDC

Quality of careimmune-mediated inflammatory diseases in Japan: a longitudinal study using a large-–06 for rheumatoid arthritis, K50 for Crohn’sscale health insurance claims databasedisease, K51 for ulcerative colitis and L40 foraged 15–69 years

psoriasis)
Yamana 2020

Outpatient Prescriptions of Kampo Formulations in JapanJMDC

Nationwide

20172018 Medical treatment status

Otherspatients with outpatient prescriptions of Kampo
extract formulations

Michihata[Japanese Herbal Kampo Medicine for Pediatric Inpatients in Japan : A Retrospective

2018

Nationwide Study]

Katayama

Prescription of kampo drugs in the Japanese health care insurance program

2013

DPC

DPCRI

Nationwide

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

OthersHerbal Kampo medicine

Othershealth care claim

Nationwide

2009

2009 Medical treatment status

OthersPrescription of Kampo Drugs

records, which had
been collected by
MHLWChildrenaged <20 years

Hayashida

The relationship between sedative drug utilization and outcomes in critically ill patients

2016

undergoing mechanical ventilation

Sasaki 2016

Hospital Volume and Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Children: Analysis of a National DPC

DPC

QIP

Nationwide

2008

2010 Intervention effectNationwide

2010

2013 Health policy evaluation and

DPC

Nationwide

2010

NDB

Nationwide

MDV

Nationwide

Othersundergoing mechanical ventilation

Othersaged ≥20 years

Othersmechanical ventilation

Children

15 years old or younger

2016 Intervention effect

Otherspatients with mechanical ventilation in

Others

20 years and older

20182019 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Others20132019 Medical treatment status

Othersrheumatoid arthritis (M05, M06), Crohn’s

20142015 Research methodology

Others16 diseases

Othersaged ≥18 years

2012

2013 Prediction model

Othersacute myocardial infarction, congestive heart

Othersadult patients (≥18

Inpatient Database in Japan
Yagi 2021

Outcomes After Intensive Rehabilitation for Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A

Medical treatment status

utilization

Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Ibayashi 2021

Estimation of the number of patients with mitochondrial diseases: A descriptive study

intensive care units

using a nationwide database in Japan
Matsumoto

Changes in the Penetration Rate of Biosimilar Infliximab Within Japan Using a Japanese

2021

Claims Database

Yamana 2017

Validity of diagnoses, procedures, and laboratory data in Japanese administrative datadiseasesmitochondrial disease (ICD10: D640,
E744,E888, G318, G713, H472, H494, H498)
disease (K50), ulcerative colitis (K51), andpsoriasis (L40) (ICD10)

DPC

NHO, chart review

Othersfour

results as reference

acute-

standards

care
HMO
hosapitals(Shizuoka, Kochi,Fukuoka, andSaga
Prefectu
res)

Yamana 2015

Categorized diagnoses and procedure records in an administrative database improved

DPC

Nationwide

mortality prediction

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

failure, acute cerebrovascular disease,

years)

gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pneumonia, or
septicemia
Sano 2021

Large decrease in paediatric hospitalisations during the COVID-19 outbreak in JapanMDVNationwide

20172020 COVID-19

Medical treatment status

Otherspaediatric hospitalisations (food allergy, acuteChildrenaged 1–17 years

lower respiratory infections, Kawasaki disease,intestinal infectious diseases, febrile
convulsions, asthma, appendicitis, inguinal
hernia and trauma)
Mitsutake

Patterns of Co-Occurrence of Chronic Disease Among Older Adults in Tokyo, Japan

NHI/LSEHS

2019

Tokyo Extended

Prefecture

Tokyo

2013

2014 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Association of

Others22 chronic diseases

Older persons

aged 75 or older

Othersnine types of diseases as predisposing factors

Older persons

aged 75 years or older

Others≥18 years

Othersat least 40 years old

Others<20 years of age (F90-

diseases

Medical Care System
for the Latter-Stage
Elderly People
Naruse 2015

Diseases that precede disability among latter-stage elderly individuals in Japan

NHI/LSEHS

long-term care

Prefecture

Fukui

2011

2012 Clinical epidemiology, course of

insurance systemdiseases

Health policy evaluation andutilization

for disability (cancer, cerebrovascular disorder,
arthropathy, fracture, pneumonia, dementia,
psychiatric disorder, neurological disorder)

Moriwaki 2018 [Evaluation of healthcare safety indicators by the Diagnosis Procedure Combination

DPC

Nationwide

2014

2015 Quality of care

DPC

Nationwide

2012

2013 Prediction model

Others6 healthcare safety indicators

Othersacute myocardial infarction, congestive heart

data]
Yamana 2015

Procedure-based severity index for inpatients: development and validation using

Research methodology

administrative database

failure, acute cerebrovascular disease,gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pneumonia, or
septicemia

Fujiu 2018

Evaluation of Regional Vulnerability to Disasters by People of Ishikawa, Japan: A Cross

NHI/LSEHS

Sectional Study Using National Health Insurance Data

KDB (national health Municipality

Hakui

insurance data)

City in2015

2015 Health policy evaluation andOthersutilization

disaster-vulnerable patients (specifically, hart
disease, CVD, dialysis)

Ishikawa
Prefectu
reMurata 2013

Association between ambulance distance to hospitals and mortality from acute diseases

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Socioeconomic comparison

in Japan: national database analysis

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Othersdiseases

acute diseases (acute myocardial infarction,
brain infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, andpneumonia)

Takeda 2016

Estimating the Ratio of Patients with a Certain Disease Between Hospitals for the

Others

Allocation of Patients to Clinical Trials Using Health Insurance Claims Data in Japan

health insurance

OthersOsaka

claims data, chart

Universi

reviewty

2015

2015 Research methodology

Others329 diseases

F98)

Hospital
Shimizu 2014

Assessment of Medical Information Databases to Estimate Patient Numbers

Others

JMDC, MDV, JMIRINationwide

2009

2012

Research methodology

OthersNationwide

2005

2019 Medical treatment status

Others

Nocturnal enuresis(ICD-10:R32)

2012

2018 Research methodology

Othersnot specified

2016

2018 Prediction model

Otherscomorbidities composing Charlson comorbidity(IMS-JPM)

Seven diseases: benign prostatic hyperplasia,
Parkinsonʼs disease, herpes zoster, gout,
asthma, epilepsy, and atopic dermatitis

Kasamo 2021

Changes in prescribing trends and initial pharmacotherapy of children with nocturnal

JMDC

Childrenchildren < 16 years

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersdid not include patients

enuresis in Japan: a large-scale medical claims database analysis
Nakatani 2021 Data resource profile of Shizuoka Kokuho Database (SKDB) using integrated health- and NHI/LSEHS

Shizuoka Kokuho

care-insurance claims and health checkups: the Shizuoka Study

Database

New outcome-specific comorbidity scores excelled in predicting in-hospital mortality and DPC

QIP database

Prefecture

ShizuokaPrefectu
reShin 2020

Nationwide

healthcare charges in administrative databases

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesindex (CCI), Elixhauser comorbidity (EC),
Gagne’s combined comorbidity scores

Shinjo 2017

The degree of severity and trends in hospital standardized mortality ratios in Japanbetween 2008 and 2012: a retrospective observational study

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2012 Prediction model

Health policy evaluation andutilization

OthersHospital standardized mortality ratio

less than 15 years old

Tanihara 2015 Assessment of text documentation accompanying uncoded diagnoses in computerized

NHI/LSEHS

health insurance claims in Japan

National HealthPrefecture

Insurance

Kumam

2010

2010 Research methodology

Othersall disease categories

2005

2009 Research methodology

Others

Not specified

2004

2004 Health economics

Others

Not specified

2014

2015 Medical treatment status

Othersphysician-manned prehospital emergency

2009

2014 Research methodology

Others

Not specified

oto

Organization of
Kumamoto
Prefecture
Ooba 2013

Claims-based definition of death in Japanese claims database: validity and implications

JMDC

Sato 2012

Impact of teaching intensity and academic status on medical resource utilization by

DPC

Nationwide
study group

Nationwide

teaching hospitals in Japan

40

Othersaged 20 to 74

Childrenschool-age children

Othersaged ≥15 years

OthersExcludes children undernational
universityacademicteaching
hospitals

Ohbe 2019

Physician-manned prehospital emergency care in tertiary emergency centers in Japan

DPC

Sato 2019

Enabling Patient Traceability Using Anonymized Personal Identifiers in Japanese

OthersNationwide

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

Universal Health Insurance Claims Databasenational-level

Nationwide

municip

insurance claims data

ality-(NDB) andadminist

prefectural-level

eredinsurance claims data

health

medical service

insurance
programs in Mie
Prefectu
reKubo 2017[The need and key points for patient matching in clinical studies using the National

NDB

Nationwide

2013

2014 Research methodology

Otherspatient matching

NDB

Nationwide

2013

2014 Research methodology

Otherspatient matching

2009

2013 Health policy evaluation andOthersuse of medications and health care services

Othersnatural history of various diseases

Others‘rule-out’ diagnoses

Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB)]
Noda 2017[Improvements and verification of the patient matching (name matching) method in
health insurance claims information and National DataBase (NDB) on specific medical
checkups]*

Nagamine[Consultation trends before and after the introduction of the subsidy system for child2016

medical expenses in municipalities: From an analysis of health insurance claims fromNHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

A cityutilization

City A before and after the introduction of the system]*Matsuda 2015

A Pilot Study of Developing the Health Data Analysis System in the Japanese

OthersOccupational Setting

claim data of one

Othersone

enterprise managed

enterprihealth insurance

se

2011

2012 Health policy evaluation andutilization

managed health
insuranceTanihara 2011 A statistical analysis of 'rule-out' diagnoses in outpatient health insurance claims in

OthersJapan

corporate health

Othersinsurance societies

corporat

2006

2006 Medical treatment statuse health
insurancesocieties

Kawaguchi[Study about Evaluation of Hospital Efficiency and Function Used by DPC Data Set]

DPC

Nationwide

2005

2007 Research methodology

Others

Not specified

Fukuda 2019

[The Development of Dataset Tables for NDB Analyses]

NDB

Nationwide

2009

2016 Research methodology

Others

Not specified

Fukuda 2019

[A comparison of correction methods for medical fee revisions in health expenditure

NDB

Nationwide

2009

2016 Research methodology

Others

Not specified

Nationwide

2011

2013 Prediction model

Otherscomorbidity index

Nationwide

2015

2016 Medical treatment status

OthersDischarge drug information management

2010

Health policy evaluation andutilization

analyses using claims data]
Imai 2017[Development and Validation of a Medicationbased Comorbidity Index for Use with an

OthersAdministrative Database in Japan]
Bono 2017[Approach Aiming at the Increase with the Discharge Drug Information Management

NHO: National
Hospital Organization

DPC

Instruction Charges Calculation Method Review]

Federation ofClinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesNational Public

instruction charges

Services Personnel
Mutual Aid
Associations
Ohtsu 2014

[The Impact of Short-term Health Insurance Card and Eligibility Certification Card on

NHI/LSEHS

Health Care Access in Japan : Findings from National Health Insurance Receipt Data]

short-term healthMunicipality

X city2008

insurance card and2011 Health policy evaluation andPatient health service utilization

Others

Not specified

utilizationhigh school age andeligibility certification

seniors over 75

card data
Tanihara 2012 Estimating medical expenditures spent on rule-out diagnoses in Japan

Otherscorporate health

Othersinsurance societies

corporat

2006

2006 Health economics

Medical treatment status

Others

Not specified

2009

2010 Research methodology

Health policy evaluation andOthersaffordable healthcare planninge health
insurancesocieties

Nishi 2012

[Study of the indicators of affordable healthcare planning using electronic medical claim
data]

NHI/LSEHS

Fukuoka National
Health Insurance
Organization

Prefecture

Fukuokautilization

Itoh 2021

Comparison of progression of care-need levels among long-term care recipients with and NHI/LSEHS

medical care claim

without advanced care management in a rural municipality of Japan: A population-based

records from a ruralmunicip

observational study

municipal

OthersA ruralality ingovernment and the

Japan

2012

2017 Intervention effect

Othersprogression of careneed levels among long-

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Older persons

aged ≥75 years

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

term care recipients

Survey of Long-TermCare Benefit
Expenditures
Kim 2021

Comparison of care utilisation and medical institutional death among older adults by

NHI/LSEHS

home care facility type: a retrospective cohort study in Fukuoka, Japan

medical claims

Prefecture

Fukuoka2014

2017 Patient health service utilization

Othersdatabase and an LTC

care utilisation and the incidence of medical
institutional death

insurance claims
database (provided
by the Fukuoka
Prefecture
Association ofLatterstage Elderly
Healthcare)
Kono 2021

Five-year disease-related risk of mortality in ambulatory frail older Japanese

NHI/LSEHS

long-term care andMunicipality

Izumi,

health insurance

Misaki,claims dataand(accumulated

Izumiots

electronically by localugovernments; SOHA

2012

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

OthersdiseasesFive-year disease-related risk of mortality inambulatory frail older(Osaka)study)
Iwagami 2019

Mori 2019

Association between recorded medical diagnoses and incidence of long-term care needs

NHI/LSEHS

medical and long-certification: a case control study using linked medical and long-term care data in two

term care insurance

Japanese cities

claims

The associations of multimorbidity with the sum of annual medical and long-term care

NHI/LSEHS

expenditures in Japan

medical insurance

Municipality

two

2012

citiesMunicipality

claims data (of theKashiwa2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseases2012

Health policy evaluation andOthersall disease categories

Older persons

people aged ≥75 years

Othersmultimorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index

Older persons

adults ≥75 years

utilization2013 Health economics

city

scores)Late-Stage Medical
Care System for the
Elderly) and LTC
insurance claims data
Sakai 2019

Validation of claims data to identify death among aged persons utilizing enrollment data

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2015 Research methodology

20122017 Quality of care

OthersInpatient and outpatient deaths

Older persons

aged 65–74 years

Others

Not specified

Older persons

aged 75 years or older

Others

Not specified

Older persons

Older People

Othersrisk of functional decline

Older persons

65 years old or older

Otherscommon diseases

Older persons

Older People

Others

Not specified

Older persons

Older People

Others

Not specified

from health insurance unions
Matsuda 2019

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: A study on evaluating the quality of

NHI/LSEHS

collaboration between home medical care and long-term care]*medical insurance

Othersmunicip

claims and LTC

ality ininsurance claims data

Western

Health policy evaluation andutilization

Japan
Masuzawa[Analysis of a long-term health care organaization from structural analysis of medical

2019

expenditures of the elderly]

NHI/LSEHS

National HealthMunicipality

YokohaInsurance and thema,late-stage medical

Kawasacare system

2010

2015 Health economics

2014

2015 Prediction model

2015

2015 Health policy evaluation andki, andOdawarTakada 2018

Development and validation of a prediction model for functional decline in older medical

MDV

Nationwide

inpatients
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of the structure of injury andClinical epidemiology, course of
diseases

NHI/LSEHS

disease according to the level of nursing care required]*

medical insurance

OthersA

claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality inutilization

WesternJapan
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: A trial study on the economic effects of

NHI/LSEHS

long-term care prevention and comprehensive lifestyle projects]*

medical insurance

OthersA

claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality in2008

2014 Health policy evaluation andutilization

WesternJapan
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: Examination of the ideal "family

NHI/LSEHS

pharmacy" from the perspective of the calculation of pharmaceutical management fees]*

Dispensing claims

Othersmunicip

Insurance system andality in

Late Elders’ Health
Cumulative number of hospital bed days among older adults in the last year of life: A

NHI/LSEHS

retrospective cohort study

medical insurance

2015

2015 Health policy evaluation andutilization

Western

Insurance)
Ishizaki 2017

A

(The National HealthJapan
Municipality

claims and LTC

Soma

2006

2009 Medical treatment status

Othersmain cause of deathOlder persons

aged ≥65years

2007

2009 Health policy evaluation andOthersnursing care needs

Older persons

aged 65 years and above

Older persons≥65 years of age

Cityinsurance claims data
Akiyama 2015

[About factors relating to the admission of the elderly with nursing care needs

NHI/LSEHS

certification]

National HealthMunicipality

Hokkaidlate-stage medicalocare system (+LTC
Development of a database of health insurance claims: standardization of disease

JMDC

utilizationprefectu

insurance)
Kimura 2010

A city in

Insurance and thereNationwide

2003

2003 Research methodology

OthersDevelopment of a database20092009 Research methodology

Others

Not specified

2014

2014 Health policy evaluation andOthersambulatory care sensitive conditionsclassifications and anonymous record linkage
Matsuda 2010

[Development of a consolidated analysis system for health insurance/long-term care

NHI/LSEHS

insurance claims and specific health checkup data]*

medical insurance

Municipality

A

claims and LTC

municip

insurance claims data

ality inFukuoka

Hirota 2020

Association between clinic physician workforce and avoidable readmission: aretrospective database research

DPC

Nationwide

utilization

Fujita 2016

Income Related Inequality of Health Care Access in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

2012

2014 Socioeconomic comparison

Patient health service utilization

Othershealth care accessSuzuki 2014

[Regional diagnosis of municipalities within the prefecture using public data: Regional

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Prefecture

Chiba
Miyagi2012

2012 Health economics

Socioeconomic comparison

Others

Not specified

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

four

2006

2010 Patient health service utilization

Othersdisease type and healthcare-seeking behavior

Nationwide

2006

2006 Prediction model

Othershospital performance

Nationwide

2015

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Otherscomorbidity status of hospitalized elderly

Others0-74 years oldOlder persons

aged ≥60 years

Othersunder 75 years

City
disparities in medical expenses: Regional diagnosis based on data on health insurance
claims]*Kisa 2012

Medical Reimbursement Receipt Analysis to Determine the Relationship between

towns in

Disease Type and Patients' Healthcare-seeking Behavior

HokkaidoMiyata 2010

Assessment of hospital performance with a case-mix standardized mortality model using DPC

Health policy evaluation andan existing administrative database in Japan
Nojiri 2019

Comorbidity status in hospitalized elderly in Japan: Analysis from National Database ofutilization
NDB

Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups
Miyazaki 2012 A study on medical cost analysis and construction of an evaluation system fordiseasespatients

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Prefecture

Shimane2001

2010 Health economics

Health policy evaluation and

DPC

Estimate ofPrefecture

Yamagat20122013 Health policy evaluation andoptimization of medical costs in Shimane Prefecture (2010)
Iwabuchi 2014 [Disease estimation and medical practice estimation using DPC data and regional

Others

Not specified

Othersnot specified

Othersnot specified

Othersnot specified

utilization

population estimates: Reflection of a decline in biological functions and development of

populationautilization

lifestyle-related diseases]*
Kuwabara

Contribution of case-mix classification to profiling hospital characteristics and2011

productivity

Fushimi 2010[HCSI initiative research paper: Factors associated with hospital selection of inpatients

DPC

Nationwide

2006

2006 Health policy evaluation and

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2008 Patient health service utilization

DPC

Nationwide

2006

2008 Research methodology

Others

Not specified

2013

2017 Health policy evaluation andOthers

Not specified

utilization

analyzed by patient survey data and DPC data]
Tanaka 2011[[For more efficient management of the operating department: What is the index of

Health policy evaluation andutilization

efficiency?] Examination and multi-institutional comparison of the index of efficiency ofoperating room management]*
Sato 2020

Retrieving and Analyzing Hospital Service Suspensions from Regional Healthcare

OthersInsurance Claims Data

insurance claims

PrefectureMieutilization

dataset of 91 regional
public insurance
providers in the Mie
prefectural area

Mitsutake[Examination of international statistical reports created by utilizing databases such as2020

health insurance claims information]*

Kimura 2019

Validation and Recalibration of Charlson and Elixhauser Comorbidity Indices Based on

NDB+NDB Open data

Nationwide

2009

2014

Nationwide

2011

2016 Prediction model

Medical treatment status

2013

2014

Nationwide

2014

medical treatment information

Health policy evaluation and Others
utilization

JMDC

Research methodology Others

Not specified

Othersaged ≥18 years

Medical treatment status

Socioeconomic comparison Others

Not specified

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

2014

Research methodology

Others

Not specified

Data From a Japanese Insurance Claims DatabaseDoi 2018[An Analysis of Factors Affecting Regional Differences in Home-care Utilization Levels

NHI/LSEHS

Using Geographic Information Systems]

National HealthMunicipality

Insurance and Later-

Funabashi city

Stage Elderly
Healthcare System
Tanihara 2017 [Comparison of the number of health insurance claims per population by major

JMDC

Statistics of Medical

classification of injuries and diseases in the social medical treatment survey and society

Care Activities inhealth insurance claims data]*

Public Health
Insurance (MHLW)

Kimura 2015

[Same Examinations in Different Healthcare Providers in the Same Month of Referral,

NDB

Nationwide

2011

2011

Medical treatment status

Otherssame examinations in different healthcare[Combined Anonymization Considering Attackers in Data Holders]

JMDC

Sampling data

Nationwide

2005

2011

Research methodology

Others

Not specific (diabetes)

Kobayashi[Calculation of clinical indices using DPC data: Focusing on AHRQ Patient Safety

DPC

Nationwide

2009

2009

Quality of care

Research methodology Others

Patient Safety Indicator

2012

Indicators]*

Ohbe 2021

Effect of Daikenchuto for Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Enteral Feeding

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effectAnalysis by Reimbursement Claim Database]Takenouchi

provider2013

Othersenteral feeding intolerance

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersearly enteral nutrition in mechanicallyIntolerance: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis Using a Nationwide Administrative
Inpatient Database
Ohbe 2021

Small-bore feeding tube versus large-bore sump tube for early enteral nutrition in

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2018 Intervention effectPrefecture

Tokyo

2013

2014 Health economics

Prefecture

Nara

2014

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course of

Othersaged ≥18 years

Othersenteral nutrition patients

Older persons

aged 75 years or older

OthersLong‐term prognosis of enteral feeding andOlder persons

aged ≥75 years

Othersaged 11–59 years

Otherspatients aged 50 years

mechanically ventilated patients: A nationwide inpatient database study
Maeda 2019

A comparative analysis of treatment costs for home-based care and hospital-based careventilated patients
NHI/LSEHS

in enteral nutrition patients: A retrospective analysis of claims data

Tokyo Metropolitan

Medical treatment status

Association of
Medical Care for
Senior Citizens

Tsugihashi

Long-term prognosis of enteral feeding and parenteral nutrition in a population aged 75

2021

years and older: a population-based cohort study

NHI/LSEHS

national healthinsurance claims indiseasesparenteral nutrition

the Nara Prefecture
Kinoshita 2018 Prescription pattern and trend of oral contraceptives in Japan: A descriptive study based

Otherson pharmacy claims data (2006 - 2014)

pharmacy claims

Nationwide

2006

2014 Medical treatment status

Othersoral contraceptives

Othersinpatient orthopedic surgical casedatasets provided by
the nationwide
pharmacy chains

Nakata 2017

Efficiency of inpatient orthopedic surgery in Japan: a medical claims database analysis

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2014 Health policy evaluation and

Watanabe

Association between outpatient orthopedic surgery costs and healthcare facility

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2014 Health economics

2018

characteristics

Shoda 2015

Prophylactic effect of fondaparinux and enoxaparin for preventing pulmonary embolism

DPC

Nationwide

2008

2010 Intervention effect

DPC

Nationwide

2007

2010 Clinical epidemiology, course ofutilization
Health policy evaluation andOthersoutpatient orthopedic surgery

Othersafter total hip or knee arthroplasty

Othersorthopaedic surgery

orthopedic surgery

utilization

after total hip or knee arthroplasty: A retrospective observational study using theJapanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database
Chikuda 2013

Impact of age and comorbidity burden on mortality and major complications in older
adults undergoing orthopaedic surgery: an analysis using the Japanese diagnosis

Intervention effectdiseasesor olderprocedure combination database
Kadono 2010

Statistics for orthopedic surgery 2006-2007: data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure DPC

Nationwide

2006

2007 Medical treatment status

OthersNationwide

2008

2013 Intervention effect

OthersCombination database
Fuji 2017

Incidence of venous thromboembolism and bleeding events in patients with lower
extremity orthopedic surgery: a retrospective analysis of a Japanese healthcare database

MDV

Diseases of the circulatory system

lower extremity orthopedic surgery, venous
thromboembolism

Urushihara[Socioeconomic impacts of policy on Rx-to-OTC switch to prescription of ethical drugs in Others

National Prescription Nationwide

2018

Japan]

Audit (IMS Health)Suzuki 2018

Trend in otolaryngological surgeries in an era of super-aging: Descriptive statistics using

DPC

2008

2014 Health policy evaluation and2007

2014 Medical treatment status

20122014 Health policy evaluation and

Health economics

Others

OTC switching

Otherspatients underwent otolaryngological surgeries

Patient health service utilization

Othersoutpatient service utilization

utilization
Nationwide

a Japanese inpatient database
Miyawaki 2017 Impact of medical subsidy disqualification on children's healthcare utilization: A

NHI/LSEHS

NHI

Municipality

a citywithindifference-in-differences analysis from Japan

Childrenschool-age children

Othersaged ≥18 years

utilization

the
Tokyo
metropolitan
Nishioka 2020

Frequent outpatient attendance among people on the governmental welfare programme

Othersin Japan: assessing both patient and supplier characteristics

medical assistance

Municipality

twoclaim data, municipal

suburbapublic assistancen

databases

municip2016

2016 Patient health service utilization

Socioeconomic comparison

OthersFrequent outpatient attendance

2012

2015 Medical treatment status

Clinical epidemiology, course of

Otherscatheter ablation, gastrointestinal endoscopic

alities,
Osaka
and
Tokyo
Matsui 2018

Recent Trends in the Practice of Procedural Sedation Under Local Anesthesia for

MDV

Nationwide

Catheter Ablation, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Endoscopic Surgery in Japan: A

diseases

examination and surgery, dexmedetomidine

Retrospective Database Study in Clinical Practice from 2012 to 2015
Yonekura 2018 Preoperative pulmonary function tests before low-risk surgery in Japan: a retrospective

JMDC

Nationwide

2012

2016 Medical treatment status

20132014 Intervention effectQuality of care

Otherspulmonary function tests

Othersaged 20–64 years

Othersunderwent rehabilitation and were discharged

Older persons

aged ≥75 years

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

cohort study using a claims database
Mitsutake

Associations of Hospital Discharge Services With Potentially Avoidable Readmissions

NHI/LSEHS

Tokyo Extended

2020

Within 30 Days Among Older Adults After Rehabilitation in Acute Care Hospitals in Tokyo,

Association ofJapan

Medical Care forPrefectureTokyo

to homeLatter-Stage Older
PeopleTsuchiya-Ito

Association of household income with home-based rehabilitation and home help service

2020

utilization among long-term home care service users

Mitsutake[The outpatients of life rehabilitation by medical insurance service among older aged

2018

over 75 in Japan]

Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of characteristics of

NHI/LSEHS

LTC insurance claims Municipality

Kashiwaand medical claims

City

NHI/LSEHS

2012

2013 Socioeconomic comparison

Health policy evaluation andOthersutilization

Prefecture

Tokyo

2014

2014 Health policy evaluation andOthersmunicip

2011

2016 Clinical epidemiology, course ofhome-based rehabilitation and home help
services

Othersmaintenance rehabilitation

Older persons

75 years or older

Othersrehabilitation services

Older persons

Older People

Othershome rehabilitation

Older persons

Older People

Otherseffects of smoking on prognosis after elective

Others

20 years of age or older

Othersaged ≥18 years

utilization
NHI/LSEHS

outpatient rehabilitation and short-term intensive rehabilitation recipients]*

medical insurance
claims and LTC

alities ininsurance claims data

Westerndiseases

Health policy evaluation andutilization

Japan
Matsuda 2018

[Big data analysis of medical and nursing care: An analysis of user characteristics by type NHI/LSEHS

medical insuranceof home rehabilitation services]*

claims and LTC

Othersalities ininsurance claims datamunicip
Western

2015

2015 Health policy evaluation andutilization

Japan
Yoshikawa

Effects of active smoking on postoperative outcomes in hospitalised patients undergoing

2019

elective surgery: a retrospective analysis of an administrative claims database in Japan

Mano 2015

Adherence to changing from brand-name to generic atorvastatin in newly treated

MDV

Nationwide

2018

Clinical epidemiology, course of
diseasesJMDC

Nationwide

2011

2012 Patient health service utilization

JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2011 Patient health service utilization

JMDC

Nationwide

2014

2016 Patient health service utilization

patients: a retrospective cohort study using health insurance claims
Takizawa 2015 Price difference as a predictor of the selection between brand name and generic statins
Comparison of adherence, persistence, and clinical outcome of generic and brand-nameClinical Trajectories of Suicide Attempts and Self-harm in Patients Admitted to Acute-statin therapy

Othersstatin users

Othersstatin users

Othersaged ≥18 years

Medical treatment status

Otherspatients hospitalized for suicide attempts or

Othersaged ≥10 years

COVID-19

OthersOthersexcluded aged more

Health policy evaluation andutilization

DPC

Nationwide

2015

2017 Clinical epidemiology, course of

MDVNationwide

20192020 Medical treatment status

DPC

Nationwide

2010

2016 Intervention effect

Shiragami[An empirical study reviewing factors impacting coverage of the topical adhesive patch by JMDC

Nationwide

2008

2010 Medical treatment status

2013

health insurance]

Mizuno 2019

Indications and outcomes of paediatric tracheotomy: a descriptive study using acare Hospitals in Japan: A Nationwide Inpatient Database Study
Miyawaki 2021 Changes in Surgeries and Therapeutic Procedures During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A

OthersHealth policy evaluation andutilization

statin users: A retrospective cohort study using the Japanese claims database
Ohbe 2021

Health policy evaluation andutilizationin JapanGao 2021

surgeries

diseases

selfharmLongitudinal Study of Acute Care Hospitals in Japan
Koizumi 2019

Tranexamic acid and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage: propensity score and instrumental

number of surgeries during the COVID-19
outbreak

Otherspatients who had undergone tonsillectomy

Others

topical adhesive patch

Otherstracheotomy

OthersTransplantation

variable analyses

than 61 years
Health policy evaluation andutilization
JMDC

Nationwide

2005

2017 Medical treatment status

NDB

Nationwide

2009

2010 Health economics

Intervention effectJapanese claims database
Kitazawa 2017 Cost Analysis of Transplantation in Japan, Performed With the Use of the National
Database

Childrenaged 0–15 years

Supplement file 5 List of frequently occurring diseases
1) Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

hepatitis B and C, sepsis/ septic shock2) Neoplasms

cancer (general), colon cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer

3) Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

the immune mechanism4) Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

diabetes (with dental, hypertension, kidney outcomes etc.), obesity5) Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders

psychiatric disorders (general), psychotropic/ antidepressant/ antipsychotics,
depressive disorders, schizophrenia, dementia

6) Diseases of the nervous systemdementia (Alzheimer disease), Parkinson’s Disease7) Diseases of the eye and adnexa

glaucoma8) Diseases of the ear and mastoid process

otitis media

9) Diseases of the circulatory system

cardiovascular diseases (general), atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrest, heart failure,
myocardial infarction, coronary syndrome/ intervention, hypertension, ischemic
stroke, stroke cases10) Diseases of the respiratory system

asthma, COPD, influenza, respiratory infections, pneumonia (including aspiration
pneumonia)

11) Diseases of the digestive systemacute pancreatitis, dental, gastrointestinal bleeding

12) Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

atopic dermatitis, psoriasis

13) Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis

14) Diseases of the genitourinary systemchronic kidney disease (CKD), dialysis

15) Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

psychiatric disorders in pregnancy (psychotropics, antidepressant)16) Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period(diverse diseases)17) Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities(diverse diseases)18) Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes

fracture (particularly hip fracture)19) Others (multidisease, not focused on specific diseases)

antimicrobial use, healthcare costs, hospitalizations/ ICU, multidisease, notspecifiedSupplement file 6 Research theme by diseases*medical treatme*intervention effe*clinical epidemi *health economic*health policy ev *quality of care *research metho *patient health s *socioeconomic *prediction mode*COVID-19
Total n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

*others%n%1) Certain

117

37

31.6

24

20.5

51

43.6

21

17.9

11

9.4

6

5.1

5

4.3

0

0.0

1

0.9

2

1.7

2

1.7

0

2) Neoplas

162

52

32.1

55

34.0

31

19.1

22

13.6

19

11.7

7

4.3

8

4.9

3

1.9

6

3.7

3

1.9

0

0.0

1

0.0
0.6

3) Disease

19

4

21.1

11

57.9

4

21.1

1

5.3

0

0.0

1

5.3

1

5.3

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

4) Endocri

171

45

26.3

44

25.7

60

35.1

24

14.0

7

4.1

9

5.3

8

4.7

21

12.3

6

3.5

1

0.6

1

0.6

0

0.0

5) Mental,

110

54

49.1

23

20.9

28

25.5

14

12.7

17

15.5

9

8.2

2

1.8

7

6.4

5

4.5

1

0.9

0

0.0

2

1.8

6) Disease

69

27

39.1

22

31.9

19

27.5

11

15.9

6

8.7

6

8.7

2

2.9

1

1.4

2

2.9

2

2.9

0

0.0

1

1.4

7) Disease

22

8

36.4

5

22.7

5

22.7

2

9.1

1

4.5

1

4.5

1

4.5

5

22.7

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

8) Disease

4

1

25.0

3

75.0

1

25.0

0

0.0

2

50.0

1

25.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

9) Disease

281

65

23.1

99

35.2

84

29.9

25

8.9

37

13.2

19

6.8

13

4.6

15

5.3

9

3.2

4

1.4

2

0.7

0

0.0

10) Diseas

135

35

25.9

47

34.8

46

34.1

14

10.4

8

5.9

11

8.1

3

2.2

4

3.0

2

1.5

6

4.4

3

2.2

0

0.0

11) Diseas

115

24

20.9

52

45.2

29

25.2

24

20.9

11

9.6

12

10.4

3

2.6

4

3.5

1

0.9

1

0.9

0

0.0

0

0.0

12) Diseas

17

8

47.1

6

35.3

5

29.4

6

35.3

1

5.9

0

0.0

0

0.0

2

11.8

1

5.9

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

13) Diseas

93

28

30.1

33

35.5

39

41.9

15

16.1

4

4.3

4

4.3

1

1.1

5

5.4

2

2.2

1

1.1

0

0.0

0

0.0

14) Diseas

75

16

21.3

32

42.7

29

38.7

10

13.3

6

8.0

5

6.7

0

0.0

2

2.7

2

2.7

3

4.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

15) Pregna

25

11

44.0

8

32.0

10

40.0

1

4.0

1

4.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

2

8.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

16) Certain

8

2

25.0

4

50.0

1

12.5

1

12.5

1

12.5

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

1

12.5

0

0.0

17) Conge

13

3

23.1

5

38.5

4

30.8

1

7.7

2

15.4

1

7.7

1

7.7

0

0.0

0

0.0

1

7.7

0

0.0

1

7.7

18) Injury,

110

15

13.6

48

43.6

47

42.7

10

9.1

10

9.1

2

1.8

5

4.5

0

0.0

3

2.7

2

1.8

0

0.0

3

2.7

19) Others

238

74

31.1

38

16.0

38

16.0

38

16.0

62

26.1

11

4.6

30

12.6

15

6.3

17

7.1

12

5.0

4

1.7

2

0.8

*up to two diseases/ theme could be choose