GNSS Applications
Dinesh ManandharCenter for Spatial Information ScienceThe University of Tokyo
Contact Information: dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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GNSS Applications - 1• Surveying, Mapping and Geodesy• Transportation• Car Navigation, ITS, ADAS, V2X• Road Pricing, Toll Collection• Congestion Management• Railway Network• Marine : AIS, VMS• Aviation : SBAS / GBAS• UAV / DRONEITS: Intelligent Transport System
ADAS: Advance Driving Assistance System
V2X: Vehicle to Anything
V2V: Vehicle to Vehicle
AIS: Auto Identification System
VMS: Vessel Monitoring System
GCP: Ground Control Point• Vehicle Accidents / Emergency Services• eCall/ ERA-GLONASS / E-911• Tax / Insurance• Tax based on location or distance traveled
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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GNSS Applications - 2• Legal and Law Enforcement• Fishing Zone Management, Illegal Fishing Control• Crime Prevention

EWS: Early Warning System• Agriculture– Precise farming, Auto or Semi-Auto Driving of Tractors– Product Supply-Chain Management• Location Based Applications– Services, Entertainment, Advertisement, Gaming, Marketing• Warning during Disasters•

EWS of QZSS, SAR of GALILEO• Geo-Fencing / Geo-Securities• Robotics•

Navigation, Actions based on Location• Scientific Applications•

Space Weather : Scintillation, Radio Occultation, Plasma Bubble
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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GNSS Applications - 3• Telecommunication• Synchronize cell towers• microsecond order for CDMA
• Few hundred nanoseconds for 5G• Network Time Protocol• millisecond order• Power Grid• Phase Synchronization between grids is required for higher efficiency and avoid power failures• Time Stamping of• Financial and Banking Transactions• Legal, Clerical, Shipping Documents• Scientific Timing Applications• Time stamping of events• e. g. Global VLBI Observation, earthquake occurrences, arrival of neutrino in particle physics
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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Geo-Fencing
Geo-Security
Data Security

SafetyAnti-Spoofing
Signal Authentication
Position Authentication

Security

Connectivity

Seamless Connectivity
Indoor / Outdoor
Communication
TimingGNSSITS, Auto-Driving or
Semi-Auto Driving,ADAS, UAV, UMV,DRONE

Mobility

Automation

Mobility Data
Micro-Mobility
Big-Data
Supply-Chain Management

IoTEverything on Internet
Remote Control
Remote AccessTime Synch.
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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GNSS based Fishery Management• IUU (Illegal, Unreported and Undocumented) Fishing
Control and Management• Protect marine ecology and biodiversity• Protect the livelihood of fishermen• Promote marine agriculture• Uplift life standard of people in the fishing sector• Supply-Chain Control and Management• Let the end-customers know the sources of the marine
products• Provides better price value• Branding of products• Controls Illegal products

May 2018
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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Presenting how GPS can help fishermen

About 50 local fishermen attended the program
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

May 2018
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Queensland (Australia) Monitoring Fishing Boats
Queensland to introduce mandatory GPS trackers for commercial fishermen to track sustainable catch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qWTAZ8hmOY&t=77s

https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2017-10-20/queensland-introducemandatory-gps-trackers-commercial-fishing/9066936

Link to Video:
https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/business-priorities/fisheries/monitoring-complianceDinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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Early Warning System (EWS)• Difficulty in reaching the people at risk or reaching to the“the Last Mile”• How to send alerts to people in the risk zones?

• Shutdown of power and communication systems due toEarthquake, Tsunami etc.
• Alerts can’t be send effectively• Mobile-phones, SMS, Internet, Social Media may not work

• Even if mobile phone is working, due to bandwidth congestion,communications may not be established on time
• Delayed arrival of alert message
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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Current Early Warning System

Showing message
on signage display

Buoys
Alarm, Evacuation
Guidance

GPSBuoys

Tide gauge sensor

Seismometer

Prediction andWarning Center(Sub Unit)

Siren

Flashing light

Prediction andWarning Center (Main)
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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QZSS Early Warning System
QZSSShowing message
on signage display

Buoys
Alarm, Evacuation
Guidance

GPSBuoys

Tide gauge sensor

Seismometer

Prediction andWarning Center(Sub Unit)

Siren

Flashing light

Prediction andWarning Center (Main)
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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Road Pricing System
Singapore Case
• Singapore has already dedicated• 12% land for roads and 14% land for housing• 45% households own a car• Traffic Congestion Control is necessary forsmooth traffic• Use ERP to charge the road users on some of the roadsections.
• ERP encourages the drivers to consider alternativeroutes• It also encourages to use public transports• Singapore was the first country in the world tomanage road congestion by implementing an
Electronic Road Pricing system (ERP).
• ERP has since been used as a reference by other cities
like London.

• ERP-2 is now being developed based onSpace is limited to built new ERP gates• Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Technology
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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Dynamic Road Pricing (DRP)
DRP For:➢ Gate-less Toll Charging➢ Traffic Congestion Monitoring and Reduction➢ Parking Service and Management➢ Emergency Route Planning➢ Vehicle Monitoring for Safer and Secure Services➢ MaaS (Mobility As A Service)➢ Micro-Mobility Services and Management➢ Driver’s Behavior Monitoring➢ Traffic Data Analysis

Key Features of DRP:
➢ High-Accuracy Position Data
➢ Lane-level positioning capabilities➢ Secured and Certified Position Data
➢ Using signal authentication and Position
certification system to protect from spoofing,data tampering etc➢ Proprietary AI based Technology➢ Prediction of traffic congestion in advance forbetter route management➢ Cross-border Implementation System➢ The same system can work seamlessly
regardless of national boundary➢ Easy and Simple implementation in vehicles

Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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Dynamic Road Pricing
Toll Charging, Traffic Congestion Management, Traffic Monitoring

Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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Indonesia to use gateless multi-lane toll system from next year
Nationwide implementation in 2023
•Indonesia will be implementing its gateless highway toll collection
system by next year, beginning in Jawa and Bali, according toIndonesian news site Detik. Following its implementation in thetwo locations, the system has been planned for nationwide rollout
in 2023, according to the news site.

•The uninterrupted-flow toll gantries use what is known as a mutlilane free flow (MLFF) system, which is one of the methods aimed
at at reducing traffic congestion. The system for Indonesia isprovided by Hungarian company Roatex through local Indonesianfirm PT Roatex Indonesia Toll System.

•There will no longer be physical gates or barriers, so it can be said
that from the users’ perspective, these will be replaced with virtualgates, said chief business development officer at PT Roatex
Indonesia Toll System, Emil Iskandar.
Source: https://paultan.org/2021/08/16/indonesia-to-usegateless-multi-lane-toll-system-from-next-year-nationwideimplementation-in-2023-report/
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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MLFF ( Multi Lane Free Flow)

Source: https://indonesiabaik.id/infografis/mengenal-mlff-bayar-tol-tanpa-harus-berhenti
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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MLFF ( Multi Lane Free Flow)
What Is MLFF?
Multi Lane Free Flow (MLFF), which is a toll payment process without stopping, itmeans that toll road users do not have to pick their vehicles at toll gates. The
technology applied to MLFF is the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS),
which is a system that allows transactions through applications on smartphones andread via satellites.
This technology makes readers unnecessary in every place because they use
satellites, in contrast to radio frequency identification or RFID. GNSS wears tools
installed in the car. When the vehicle is at the toll road substation, it will be readthrough the system on the satellite.
MLFF Implementation Plan
By using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, for theimplementation of the first phase, MLFF technology will be applied to 40 toll roads inIndonesia spread across Java, and Bali in 2022. The investment value of the MLFF
project is IDR 4.4 trillion, with PT RITS's concession period being 9 years from thedate of commercial operation.
The use of electronic money has reduced the transaction time to 4 seconds
compared to 10 seconds of manual transactions. So, the use of MLFF certainly has
enormous benefits because it can reduce the queue time to zero seconds.
The implementation will run with a scheme of about 50% of the total substations at
toll gates will be used for MLFF, while 50% will be used for users who makeconventional cashless payments. Let's support this sophisticated contactless
payment technology or known as MLFF so that it will soon run in Indonesia.

Source: https://indonesiabaik.id/infografis/mengenal-mlff-bayar-tol-tanpaharus-berhenti
Dinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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City Environment Monitoring
Before Lockdown Period

During Lockdown Period

Kathmandu

Kathmandu

Photo Sources: https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/nepals-smokymountains/?fbclid=IwAR31xbeCKSSj9_gN0AU7BKMquQAzTg0Z6J-LUTmtsZu9o7o9ozsddu8Z5Vo

Prototype System••••

Monitor City Air Quality
PHT & VO
Dynamic and Real-TimeSensor
Use Low-Cost Sensor Systems
Implement the Sensor in Public Buses

PM1, PM2.5
and PM10Accelerometer &Gyro
ESP-32
Microcontroller

CO andNO2 Sensor

GNSS
ReceiverDinesh Manandhar, CSIS, The University of Tokyo, dinesh@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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