Ammonia
August 12, 2012
Version: 1

Product Safety Summary for Ammonia
SUBSTANCE NAME
Anhydrous Ammonia
Ammonia, anhydrous
Ammonia
Azane

GENERAL STATEMENTAmmonia in the anhydrous (gas) form is a colorless gas with a very distinct odor, and it is one of the mosthighly produced inorganic chemicals. Anhydrous and aqueous (liquid) ammonia are extensively used across a
broad range of industrial, professional and domestic applications. Anhydrous Ammonia is used in fertilizer,
cleaning agents, refrigerants, and as a chemical intermediate. Anhydrous ammonia is a gaseous substance atroom temperature. The general public and consumers should not come in direct contact with Anhydrous
Ammonia. Workers should have specific training to handle this substance.

CHEMICAL IDENTITYEC Name: Ammonia, anhydrous
EC-No. : 231-635-3
CAS-No. : 7664-41-7
Molecular formula: H3N
Structural formula:

USES AND APPLICATIONS
Ammonia Anhydrous is used in industrial applications for the formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate, asreactive agent or processing aid for water treatment, as heat transfer fluid for cooling/heating systems, as
process nutrient for pharmaceuticals, food and biofuel and for treatment of several surfaces/articles such asleather, plastic, wood and semiconductors. Professional uses in the public domain are found in the education,entertainment, laboratories and craftsmen services, as well as in the agriculture as fertilizer. Consumers may
be exposed to aqueous ammonia when using a variety of common household products including Do-It-Yourself(DIY) products such as coatings, paints, thinners and removers, washing and cleaning products (e.g.
all-purpose liquid), and cosmetic, personal care products such as hair dyes.

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIESAnhydrous ammonia is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure and has very sharp odor.
Anhydrous ammonia is a flammable gas.

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Melting point/range: -77.7 °C
Boiling point/boiling range: -33 °C
Flammability (solid, gaseous): Flammable
Ignition temperature: 651 °C (1013 hPa)
Explosion limits:
Lower: 16 Vol %Upper: 25 Vol %Molecular weight: 17.03056
log Pow: 0.23 (at 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 8611 hPa (at 20 °C)
Vapor density: 0.59 g/cm3
Dissociation constant: 9.25 (at 25 °C)
Relative density: 1.77 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Solubility in/Miscibility with water: 482 g/l (at 25 °C)

HEALTH EFFECTS
Anhydrous ammonia is gaseous therefore inhalation is the most common route of exposure. Based on theclassification of the substance (REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008) anhydrous ammonia is toxic by acuteinhalation (Category 3). Acute, short-term and chronic, long-term inhalation or dermal exposures to ammonia
can induce local and systemic effects. The critical local effect after acute or long-term inhalation exposures toammonia is irritation of the respiratory tract. Anhydrous ammonia causes severe skin and eye damage(Category 1B). Shortness of breath, convulsions and discoloration of the limbs has also been observed.
Following prolonged exposure to anhydrous ammonia, irritation to eyes, nose and throat was observed 2-3
weeks after inhalation exposure. The critical local effects after dermal exposures to ammonia are irritation andcorrosivity to the eyes and the skin.

EFFECT ASSESSMENTRESULT

Acute Toxicity (oral/dermal/inhalation)

Anhydrous ammonia is toxic by acute inhalation. Thesubstance is a gas therefore; the oral route is not a relevantroute of exposure.

Irritation/Corrosivity

Anhydrous ammonia Causes burns and is classified as(skin/eye/respiratory tract)

corrosive to the skin and eyes.

Sensitization

The local dermal effects of Anhydrous ammonia will be(skin/respiratory tract)

dominated by irritation/corrosion and sensitization to the skinor respiratory track is considered to be unlikely. The local
respiratory tract effects of the substance will be irritation.

Mutagenicity

Available data indicate that Anhydrous ammonia does not2Ammonia
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cause mutagenicity.
Carcinogenicity

Ammonia is produced in significant quantities by the bodyduring normal metabolism and therefore the substance isconsidered unlikely to be carcinogenic.

Reproductive Toxicity

There is no evidence that exposure to Anhydrous ammonia
will cause reproductive toxicity.

Repeated Dose Exposure

There is no evidence of marked repeated dose toxicity.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
The substance is a gas and is highly soluble in water. In water environments the substance rapidly forms
ammonium hydroxide / aqueous ammonia, the aquatic toxicity data have therefore been generated using
aqueous ammonia and related water-soluble ammonium forms. The toxic effects to the environment areprimarily from the acidity changes that may occur. The acute toxicity of ammonia is also influenced to a lesser
degree by temperature, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. The majority of ammonia in theenvironment originates from natural sources, predominantly decaying organic matter. Environmental exposure
is not expected to add significantly to background levels of ammonia already present in the environment.
Ammonia is assimilated by aquatic plants for use as a nitrogen source and is therefore predicted to be of lowtoxicity. Ammonia does not accumulate in sediments.

EFFECT ASSESSMENTRESULT

Aquatic Toxicity

The substance is classified as very toxic to the environment(Aquatic Acute 1) due to the effects on fish. The toxicity ofammonia decreased as temperature increased from 12-22°C.

FATE AND BEHAVIORRESULT

Biodegradation

Readily biodegradable

Bioaccumulation potential

Not bioaccumulative

PBT/vPvB conclusion

This substance does not meet the criteria for classification as
PBT or vPvB.

EXPOSURE
Human Health
Anhydrous ammonia is gaseous and the most relevant route of exposure is by inhalation. Industrial workers
may potentially be exposed to ammonia when conducting field activities (e.g. when operating valves, pumps ortanks etc). Members of the public will not be exposed to anhydrous or aqueous ammonia as a result ofindustrial uses. Consumers may be exposed to aqueous solutions of ammonia at low concentrations whenusing a variety of products. Primary routes of exposure for consumers using common household products
containing ammonia are the dermal and inhalation routes. Consumers are not expected to ingest ammonia
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during the normal use of household products and oral exposures are unlikely. Consumer exposure to ammonia
will depend on a number of factors including the frequency and duration of use and the content of anhydrous
ammonia present in each product. DIY products are likely to be used intermittently during the year, for several
consecutive days. Cleaning products are expected to be used more frequently e.g. several times per week.
Consumers are likely to use hair dye products several times per year, possibly up to once/ month. The
durations of product use per day are likely to vary across the applications.

Environment
The substance is gaseous in the environment; it will become associated with water or moisture and will
therefore predominantly exist as aqueous ammonia. Ammonia is ever-present in the environment with <30% ofemissions resulting from fertilizer uses and from non-agricultural sources. In addition, there is no evidence thatammonia bioaccumulates. The risk of indirect exposure of humans via the environment is therefore notconsidered probable. Removal of ammonia in sewage treatment plants is highly efficient. Upon contact withsoil, ammonia will be rapidly converted to nitrate. Nitrate is subsequently taken up and utilized by plants orreturned to the atmosphere through normal degradation processes. Therefore accumulation of concentrationsof ammonia in soil and groundwater is not expected.

RISK MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONSThe substance is classified as flammable, corrosive, toxic by inhalation and very toxic to aquatic organisms.
The dermal and inhalation exposure of workers during and after normal operations should be minimized by theuse of good industrial hygiene practice and general measures necessary for safety and health protection ofworkers. Risk Management Measures (RMMs) include the use of engineering controls such as process
enclosure, use of local exhaust ventilation and use of special equipment with high integrity contained systems
with little or no potential for worker exposure. All the operations shall be performed in closed systems, withpipelines and vessels properly sealed and insulated, and including extract ventilation in places where emission
can occur. In addition, personal protective equipment shall be worn to minimize the potential for dermal andinhalation exposure. Then, workers shall wear protective gloves, safety glasses with side-shields, faceprotection, boots and protective work clothing. In case of brief exposure or low pollution use respiratory filter
device. In case of intensive or longer exposure, use self-contained respiratory protective device.
Worker exposure should be minimized by the use of RMMs and risk communication through appropriate
training. Exposure monitoring programs should be performed to ensure that workplace exposures are below
statutory limits and the storage of the substance should be done in tightly sealed containers. Environmental
exposure must therefore be minimized. This is achieved in practice by sending the vented gas to absorption
and by discharging waste water containing the substance to standard temperature and pressure prior toenvironmental release to surface water.

STATE AGENCY REVIEWThis substance has been registered under REACH (EC) No. 1907/2006.

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Anhydrous ammonia is on the OECD list of High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals.
Anhydrous ammonia is listed in the following Chemical Inventories: TSCA, EINECS, ENCS, AICS, DSL, KECI,PICCS, IESCS, and NZIOC.

REGULATORY INFORMATION/CLASSIFICATION AND LABELINGClassification of the substance according to REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008:
Flammable gases:

Flammable gas 2; H221 Flammable gas.

Gas under pressure:Pressurized gas; H280 Contains gas under pressure; may
explode if heated.

Acute toxicity:

Category 3; Inhalation; H331 Toxic if inhaled.

Skin (Corrosion/irritation):

Category 1B; H314 Causes severe skin burns and eyedamage.
Hazards to the Aquatic environment:

Aquatic Acute 1; H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

Labeling according to REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008:
Pictogram: Signal word: DangerHazard statements:

H221 Flammable gas.
H280 Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated.
H331+EUH071 Toxic if inhaled. Corrosive to the respiratory tract.
H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

CONTACT INFORMATION WITHIN COMPANY
For further information on this substance or product safety summaries in general, please contact:
Company: UBE Industries, Ltd.
Department: Industrial Chemicals Business Unit
Address: Seavans North Bldg., 1-2-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo
Town/Country: Japan
Postal code: 105-8449
E-mail: ube-basic@ube-ind.co.jp

Additional information can be found at:
http://www.ube.co.jp

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Version: 1GLOSSARY
Acute toxicity

Harmful effect resulting from a single or short term exposure to asubstance.

AICS

Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances.

Biodegradation

Decomposition or breakdown of a substance under naturalconditions (actions of micro-organisms etc).

Bioaccumulation

Progressive accumulation in living organisms of a chemical
substance present in the environment.

Canadian DSL

Domestic Substances List of Canada.

Carcinogenicity

Substance effects causing cancer.

CASChemical Abstracts Service (division of the American ChemicalSociety).

Chronic toxicity

Harmful effect after repeated exposures or long term exposure to asubstance.

EINECS

European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances

ENCS

Existing Notified Chemical Substances (Japan).

Flash point

The lowest temperature at which vapor of the substance may form
an ignitable mixture with air.

Genotoxicity

Substance effect that causes damage to genes, including
mutagenicity and clastogenicity.

GHS

Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling ofChemicals

HPV

High Production Volume Chemicals.

Hydrolyze

Undergo hydrolysis; decompose by reacting with water.

IECSC

Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances Produced or Importedin China.

Intermediate

Substance that is manufactured for and consumed in or used forchemical processing in order to be transformed into anothersubstance.

KECI

Korean Existing Chemical Inventory.

Monomer

Means a substance which is capable of forming covalent bonds
with a sequence of additional like or unlike molecules under theconditions of the relevant polymer-forming reaction used for theparticular process.

Mutagenicity

Substance effect that cause mutation on genes.

NZIoC

New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals

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PBTPersistent, bioaccumulative, toxic chemical.

Persistence

Refers to the length of time a compound stays in the environment,
once introduced.

PICCS

Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances.

Risk Management Measures

Engineering controls, conditions and protective equipment neededto be implemented to ensure that the risks to human health and theenvironment are adequately controlled.

REACH (EC) No. 1907/2006

European Commission Regulation concerning the Registration,Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals.

REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008

European Commission Regulation on Classification, Labeling andPackaging of Substances and Mixtures.

Reproductive toxicity

Including teratogenicity, embryotoxicity and harmful effects onfertility.

Sensitizing

Allergenic.

Sediment

Topsoil, sand and minerals washed from land into water forming in
the end a layer at the bottom of rivers and sea.

TSCA

Toxic Substance Control Act (USA).

Vapor pressure

A measure of a substance’s property to evaporate.

vPvB

Very persistent, very bio-accumulative.

DISCLAIMER
This information is furnished without warranty, expressed or implied, except that it is accurate to the best
knowledge of UBE INDUSTRIES, LTD. The data on this sheet related only the specific material designatedherein. UBE INDUSTRIES, LTD. assumes no legal responsibility for use or reliance upon these data.

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