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Bangladesh Setting

Water Related Disaster Management in
Bangladesh: Roles of BWDB

Mollah Ruhul Alam
Additional Director General (Planning)
BWDB DhkBWDB,Dhaka

122

Flooded Area from 1954 to 2010
Sever flood frequency increasing• Largest delta in the world,
405 rivers of which 57 Trans‐boundary• 93% catchments lies outside
Bangladesh• Abundance of water in wet
season & scarcity of water indry season• Annual Sediment load 1.0 to
1.4 billion tons
• 710 km coastline

1998 is themost severfloodttwicei during
d i 1954 – 1986 periodi d (55 & 74)(33 years)

5 times since 1987 (23 years)

above 30% area affected3441

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River Bank Erosion

Damages from Major devastating floods

Flood
E
Event

Total Length of River:
24000 km

Asset
AffectedGDP
Assetlosses
areaHouses current losses(millionAffected (‘000 sq damage (million as %US$)
F li i (million)
Fatalities( illi ) km)k )d (‘000(‘000s)) US$)
GDPReturnperiod((years))

1998

90

2128

918

31100

2647 44092 4.80%

19885514242379

4790

2880 26034 5.50%

20074010671100

16701085 68228

1987

1311671657

3057989 23969 4.90%

2004

12186028533

56

895 55900 3.30%

19749936 28700

30

53‐ 12459 7.50%

1984237830‐‐ 19258 2.00%

1200

1200 km bank line
under active erosion

1.6%

500 km bank line undersevere erosion
Annual Rate of River Bank Erosion:
6,000haAnnual Displacement : 50,000 person

5Cyclone and Storm Surges

6

Historical Cyclone Damage
Date and Year

• Occurs almost
every year
• 1970, 1991, 2007
and 2009 wereworst anddevastating
7MaximumWind speed(km/hr)

Storm Surge
Height (meter)

Death Toll

11 May,M 1965161 3.7‐7.6
37 76

19,27919 27914 Dec, 1965

217 2.4‐3.6

873

01 Oct, 1966

139 6.0‐6.7

850

12 Nov, 1970

224 6.0‐10.0

300,000

25 May, 1985

154 3.0‐4.6

11,06929 Apr, 1991

225 6.0‐7.6

138,882

19 May,1997

232 3.1‐4.6

155

15 Nov, 2007

223 6.1‐9.1

3,363

25 May, 2009

120 6.5‐7.5

19082

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Adaptive Protection and Permanent Wave
Protection: an example
Impact on Populationin the High Risk Areas

GPS control
dumping
d mping andmonitoringHigh Risk Zone will increase
High Risk Area (Sq Km)
SRES A2 Scenario
SRES B1 Scenario
2020s
2020s
2050s
2050s
Coastal Zones
Existing
Zone 1 (Tecknaf to Cox's bazar)
2,031
Zone 2 (Cox's bazar to Chittagong)
3,722
Zone 3 (Chittagong to Noakhali-Bhola)
1,472
Zone 4 (Bhola to Barguna)
500
Zone 5 (Barguna to Symnagar)
1,178
Total
8,903
Change in percentage
Population Density ('000/sq km)

0.93

Max
2,349
5,235
2,261
628
1,310
11,783
32%
1.22

Min
2,250
4,999
2,157
600
1,254
11,260
26%
1.22

Max
2,519
5,646
2,441
676
1,408
12,69043%1.63

Min
2,335
5,203
2,247
624
1,303
11,712
32%
1.63

Max
2,407
5,376
2,322
644
1,208
11,957
34%
1.22

Min
2,315
5,155
2,226
618
1,184
11,498
29%
1.22

Max
2,444
5,465
2,362
655
1,365
12,291
38%
1.63

Min
2,314
5,153
2,225
618
1,291
11,60130%
1.63

Population Exposed (million)
8.3
14.00
13.00
20.00
19.00
14.00
13.00
20.00
18.00
Note: The population in the coast area (39,436 sq km) 36.83 million, 47.92 million and 64.35 million in the year 2001, 2020 and 2050
respective, as estimated by ICZMP/WARPO ( 2005).

Stocking of Geo-bags at Bera

SpecialReport onEmission
Scenarios(SRES)

9On site Implementation work

10

Cyclone Disaster Management

Monitoring and Continuous Development

11

Ayla affected Homesteads & Infrastructures123

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Rehabilitation of Ayla damaged BWDB Structures

Data Collection

Field
Observation• Massinvolvementof localpeoplelWater Levels
Precipitation
Evaporation

Dissemination
ComputerRoom

Wireless Center• InterInter‐‐agency
coordination

Flood Forecasting

FFWC
Satellite ImageCollection

FFWC
Field WirelessStationDissemination

OutputPreparation

DataPreparation andModel Run

Daily Output(10:30‐12:00)
River Situation
Statistical Bulletin(12:00‐15:00)
Model Forecast
Forecast Bulletin
Flood Map

Data from Other
Organization
SPARSO Satellite
Image
BMD Radar Picture
Weather Forecast
Pressure Isoline
Indian Information
Water Levels , Rainfall& Forecast• Livelihood
promotion

13

FFWC Output

06:00-09:00

09:00-10:30

10:30‐16:00
PM’s SSecretariat
PM’t i t
Concerned
Ministries & DMB
13:00‐16:00
President’s
Secretariat
RadioTelevisionNews Media
Newspaper
Donors & Foreign
MissionNGO’s & others
FFWC Website

14
10:00-11:30

10:30-15:00

10:30-16:00

Warning Dissemination by Cell Broadcasting• Daily Rainfall Situation• Rainfall Surface Map• Daily River Situation• Flood Inundation Map• Dhaka City Flood Inundation Map• Daily Situation Summary & Warning Message• 24,24 48 & 72 hrs.
h Forecast
Ft• Experimental 10 days forecast of certain places• Reports, Study and Evaluation
15

National DMC

District DMC

FloodForecasting

CDMP/DMBFFWC/BWDB

MobileM
bil SServicei P
Providerid(District Level)

Upzila DMC

Union DMC
Union Info. Center

Union level warning/evacuation order, etcby human, through speaker at mosque,etc

Citizens

1643/26/2013

Dissemination of FF Information• Role & responsibilityof Ministry of Water
Resources (MoWR)
pages
g 81
described in p& 82 (Chapter 4)• Printed Copy and Fax: Limited, policy makers and top
officials• E‐mail: Over registered 600 address in different groups,BWDB, Disaster agencies, NGO, Research Organization,• Role & responsibilityof Bangladesh Water
Board
Developmentp(BWDB) described inPages 82 to 88(Chapter 4)• www.dmb.gov.bd

Development partners, DC, Media• Web‐site: www.ffwc.gov.bd• Phone: Continuous response• Cell Phone Broadcast: Started from July, 2011, dial
10941 from Teletalk, Banglalink for Voice Message(charge applicable)

18

17

National Mechanism for Policy
Guidance and Coordination

Strategic Goals:

National Disaster Management Council (NDMC)Inter‐Ministerial Disaster Management
Coordination Committee ((IMDMCC))

BWDB
isinvolved

National Disaster Management Advisory
Committee (NDMAC)

Goal‐1: Professionalizing the DisasterManagement System
Goal‐2: Mainstreaming Risk Reduction
Goal‐3: Strengthening Institutional
Mechanism
Goal‐4: Empowering at Risk Community

Local Level
Coordination

Goal‐5: Expanding Risk Reduction
Programming
Goal 6: Strengthening Emergency
Goal‐6:Response System

City Corporation Disaster Management Committee(CCDMC)

Goal‐7: Developing and Strengthening
NetworksDistrict Disaster Management Committee (DDMC)
Upzilla Disaster Management Committee (UzDMC)
Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC)

19205

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Disaster Management Policy 2012
Under preparation• Three Chapters• Chapter‐1: Background ofPolicy Preparation• Chapter‐2:Description ofDisaster Management Policy• Chapter‐3: Monitoring andEvaluation

Flood Booklet/ Flood
Preparedness atCommunity Level• Roles and Responsibilities of
all Relevant sectors defined• Considered almost all therelevant policies• Conflict among policies
avoided2221

Raise the foundation

Future Structural Programme

Teach Swimming• Coastal Embankment Improvement (CEIP) underEmergency Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project(ECRRP)

Tree plantation
Storee dry food•Upgradingdtheh heighth h off theh coastall embankmentb kconsidering
dClimatelChange for protecting cyclone damage, adaptation to climate change• Capital Dredging with River Training work for revival ofRiver System•

Bamboo Fencing and secure drinking water
Oral Saline Preparation

River narrowing, deepening , land reclamation , sedimentmanagement , quick drainage and drought protection• Continuation
C titi off Tidal
Tid l RiverRiManagementMt iin Coastal
C t lAArea• Restore the river conveyance capacity naturally

Go to Shelter

Increase Coping Capacity
23• Main River Flood and Bank Erosion Management• Expansion of Surface Water Irrigation by FCDI Project,Barrage etc.
246

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Future Non‐Structural Programme• Extending the lead time of forecast• Expanding flood forecasting in the coastal zone of Bangladesh• Upgrading collection and transmission of rainfall and waterlevel data
• Developing and implementing flash flood forecasting tool
• Establishing network of key stakeholder for disseminating
information• Establishing monitoring, evaluation and feedback system• Developing people centered flood warning dissemination

Combination of Structural Measures
and Non‐Structural Measures
Effectiveness

Adaptation

Safety Level

Target

Levee

StructuralMeasures
Barrage
Reservoir
System(BasicInfrastructures)Multilateral cooperation andcollaboration are required in these areas25

Non-Structural Measures
Mitigation

Levee
26

Control, Protection
Investment

26

Thank you27

7