2013/3/26

TURKEY and MAJOR NATURAL DISASTER RISKSInternational Roundtable Meeting Part I & II
5, 6 September 2012; Nagoya University

The Aftermath of 23.10.2011 & 09.11.2011
VAN‐TURKEY EARTHQUAKES
Beyza TASKIN (PhD)→ Geographically, Turkey has 7 regions. This is due to climate, topography andneighborhood; however not to official governmental administration.
→ We have 81 provinces, each having independent governorships and municipalities.
Each province has various numbers of districts, each having smaller municipalities
and governorship offices.
→ Please NOTE THAT: Mayors are elected by central voting of the public, while
governors are appointed by the republic !

Associate Professor of Civil Engineering
Istanbul Technical University
Secretary General,
JSCE Turkey Section

TURKEY and MAJOR NATURAL DISASTER RISKS

EQs, floods, hurricane

TURKEY and MAJOR NATURAL DISASTER RISKS

North shores suffers serious floods andlandslides; south suffer NAF !
HIGHLANDS:EQs;; landslide
due to snow

EQs;
hurricane
and floods
EQs; Draught
EQs; hurricane and somehow
tordanoes

Hurricane & Draught slightly.
THAT’S WHY THE NATIONSCAPITAL ANKARA IS SETTLED IN

Epicentral Distribution of Turkish Earthquakes: 1900-2002
M  5.01

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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN TURKEY

Prior toP
Maay 5, 2009

Republic of Turkey
Prime Ministry

Ministryy of Publicworks & Settlement

Ministryy of Interior

On & AftterMay 5, 20009

General Directorate of Civil Defense

General Directorate of Disaster Affairs

Republic of Turkey
Prime Ministry
Disaster & Emergency Management Presidency, AFAD

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN TURKEY→ Turkey’s Disaster Management System mainly focused on post‐disaster period and there were no incentives or legislations toencourage risk‐analysis or risk‐reduction approaches before adisaster event→ The 2 major earthquakes of M7.4 August 17, 1999 Kocaeli and M7.2
November 11, 1999 Düzce became the ‘turning point’ in disastermanagement system of Turkey.
→ In order to take necessary measures for an effective emergency
management and civil protection issues nationwide, AFAD conducts:
 Pre‐incident works (preparedness; mitigation; risk management)
 On
On‐incident
incident works (response) Post‐incident works (recovery; reconstruction)
 Collaboration and cooperation between governmental‐NGO‐
private institutions as well as public universities
 Handles and operates the official strong motion network

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN TURKEY→ Directly dependent to General Director, there is the EARTHQUAKEADVISORY COMMITTE with members from government, academyand Turkish Red‐Crescent. They were the leading committee topropose the Earthquake Strategy Plan‐2023.

→ Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality realized the research projectcalled ‘Istanbul Earthquake Master Plan’ by the collaboration of 4major universities of Turkey.
Turkey→ Microzonation for seismically prone zones of big cities are almost
completed within the recent 13 years after 1999 EQs.

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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN TURKEY

2011 VAN EARTHQUAKES of TURKEY

In the academic point of view:→ Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (KOERI) ofBosporus University is also providing: EQ strong motions; weather forecast; geotechnicalproblems due to natural hazards.
→ Istanbul Technical University (ITU) & Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
initiated the collaborative project ACHIEVE in 2000.
 We established our ‘Center of Excellence for Disaster Management’ in ITU in early2001.
 We trained many ‘trainers’ from public institutions: Governor’s departments,municipal departments; fire fighters; search & rescue teams; etc.
 We initiated the first ‘Emergency Management Master’s Program’ in Turkey.
→ Collaboration with JICA for many years led us to establish our own EQ Eng. research labs;
training; furthermore we were the key institution for the ‘THIRD COUNTRY TRAINING’.

Settled in the eastern Turkey, Van has
1st and 2nd degrees of seismic zones.

→ JICA also collaborated with Governmental Agencies and Municipalities.

VAN FAULT is recently discovered !

→ Today many universities have EQ Eng. Research Institutes offering MSc and PhD
programs.

2011 VAN EARTHQUAKES of TURKEY

2011 VAN EARTHQUAKES of TURKEY

22 Stations nearby recorded the shakes, however the closest station in downtown Van
City Center lost its power…
This station was settled in a governmental building and the battery was dead !!!

Recorded
PGA= 178.5 gal
Epicentral distance R=43 km
Estimated
PGA= 250.0 gal

Recorded
PGA= 245.9 gal
Epicentral distance R=17 km

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2011 VAN EARTHQUAKES of TURKEY
23.10.2012 Tabanli‐VAN EQ

09.11.2012 Edremit‐VAN EQ

 Severe damage in Ercis district: 52 of18,424 buildings totally collapsed
6 totally collapsed in central Van
5 villages almost wiped
wiped‐off
off the map
604 casualties
222 rescued under the ruinsMore than 2000 injured
Thousands of farm animals and hundredsof barns are lost

 Severe damage in Van City: 25 buildings
totally collapsed including 2 Hotels inservice.
 40 casualties
 30 rescued under the ruins


2011 VAN EARTHQUAKES of TURKEY UNFORTUNATELY, the 2 hotels were
hosting search & rescue teams, journalists,
volunteers from national and internationalNGOs.

Miyuki KONNAI
Rescued under ruins after 5.5 hours

Atsushi MIYAZAKI (MD)rip: 10.11.2011
Japan Association for Aid and Relief (AAR) Volunteers
Bayram Hotel before 09.11.2011

Bayram Hotel at 10.11.2011 morning

RESPONSE STAGE
Leaded by the Governorship of Van
Province and local AFAD:RESPONSE STAGE
Donations from all over the country started to be gathered all around the nation next day. However,
Van Airport was slightly damaged which delayed the landing of planes for half of the day. The damage
was quickly repaired…

• Initiated right after the first EQ
within half an hour.
• First rescue operations werecarried out by people…
• Official Search & Rescue Teams
started their operations
immediately, both in Ercis District
and central Van.
• Arrival of official S&R Teams fromother pprovinces and S&R Teams ofNGOs started at the end of theday.

…however, the donations arrived to Van by air traffic were too much to stock, henceforth the landingarea were full of containers.

• TOTALLY 222 people from the firstEQ and 30 people from the second
are rescued under the ruins ofcollapsed buildings all ALIVE…

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RESPONSE STAGERESPONSE STAGE

Initial Damage Assessment started 2 days after the main‐shock, while there were hundreds of after‐
shocks and still ongoing S&R operations…
Istanbul Technical University was the first to arrive the site on the 26th of October for giving a handand scientific research as well.

Preliminary assessment results
indicated landslides andliquefaction around Ercis district
and typical construction failuresdue to poor quality of materials,
detailing, workmanship, etc. tocause the damages.

In collaboration with Governor of Van and AFAD officials, our team assessed structural damages inpublic buildings, governmental buildings and some schools in Van city center; Ercis district; and 7villages between 26‐29 October 2011.
Furthermore, research teams form other public and private universities arrived the region for similar
purposes.

RESPONSE‐to‐RECOVERY STAGE

RECOVERY STAGE

 Since the region was populated almost one million with more than 400,000 buildings;
AFAD was not able to realize damage assessment alone in a short while. Universities
and civil engineers and architects were invited for help via Chamber of Civil Engineers
and Chamber of Architects. Japanese Research Groups arrived the region twice.

During the response stage of emergency management, S&R; first‐aid and health teams
from 48 provinces and 39 private organizations arrived the region.

 Many people left the city especially after the second earthquake. People wereterrorized with horror…
 School children are transferred to other provinces all around the country. Ministry ofEducation cooperated with Governorship of Van immediately.
 Many homeless were hosted by 5 star hotels, holiday villages, governmental facilities
in the Aegean and Mediterranean Regions of Turkey, where the weather was warm
enough Ministry of Tourism and Culture cooperated with Governorship of Van
enough.
Van.
 Public universities were invited by Ministry of Education for damage assessment ofschool buildings. ITU alone surveyed 135 buildings.
 Still detailed investigation of moderately damaged buildings and strengthening work isgoing on.

In 14 different sheltering locations temporary housing was provided by 71,500 tents.
Turkish Red‐Crescent was holding around 60,000 tents. Foreign countries donated tents
and other needful things immediately:
European‐Union Countries: 4,575 tents
UK:
Germany:Belgium:
Spain:
Sweden:Romania:
Slovakia:

1144
500
400
329
155
100
10Ireland:
624
France:490
Luxemburg: 360
Estonia:329
Denmark: 100
Austria:32
Slovenia:
2

Other Countries’ Donations:Japan (via JICA): 30 million JPY; tents; first‐aid kits; LETTERS !
Azerbaijan: 1000 tents; 40 generators; 40 kitchens; 2000 blankets
Iran:
700 tents
Israel:100 (prefabricated‐housing)
Saudi Arabia: 5,000,000 USDMacedonia: 100,000 USD
Northern Iraq: 1,000,000 USD
Greece; Bosnia‐Herzegovina; Russia…. We are very grateful…

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RECOVERY STAGE
At the end of February, tents arereplaced with container‐cities.
Within 34 temporary housing
location, 28,500 containers andprefabricated houses are settled
housingg 180,000,ppeople.
p

RECOVERY STAGE

Meanwhile,, Turkish Prime‐Ministry,y, Housingg DevelopmentpAdministration of Turkey (TOKI) initiated 136 different projects
having 202,750 independent units for those homeless people.
Currently 10,100 people are working in the construction sites andconcrete capacity is 15,000m3 per day in 5088 hectares of new
settlement area. Tunnel formwork system is prefered for its speed.

FINAL WORDS
It is announced by Turkish Government that the cost of Van EQs to Republic of Turkey will be

5,500,000,000 TRL  3,030,700,000 USD  238,222,500,000 JPY
more and even more TAXes…

The best action taken by the government was enforcing the New Law on 31.05.2012 called:‘The Law on the Renewal of Urban Settlement Areas Subjected to Disaster Risk’
We beleive that with this law, mitigation and risk‐reduction before a future disaster event
will be realized, so that we will have less loss of human lives, buildings and money…

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR LISTENING

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