Japan’ss Nuclear Emergency
Japan- UpdatepApril 6,6 2011
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Government of Japan

Table of Contents
A Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge (Enormous Earthquake
A.
Earthquake, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident)
1. Damages
2. Rescuing
g Efforts and Foreigng Assistance3. Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station

B. Key Challenges
1. Cool Down the Reactors
2. Contain Spreads of Radioactive Substances (sea, soil and atmosphere)
3 Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring
3.
4. Ensure the Safety of Food, Drinking Water and On-site Workers

C Impact on Japanese EconomyC.
1. Estimated Economic Damages and Plan for Reconstruction
2. Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in Japan

D. Responsiveness to the World
1. Cooperation with International Organizations
2. Speedy Dissemination of Accurate Information

1

A. Japan
p Faces an Unprecedented
pChallengeg(Enormous Earthquake, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident)

1. Damages
2 Rescuing Efforts and Foreign Assistance2.
3. Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station2

A. Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge(Enormous Earthquake, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident)

Tsunamis
14 meters or higherEarthquakes:
M - 9.0 quake (March 11)
M - 7 class 3 times
M - 6 class 61 times
M - 5 class 317 times

Fukushima Dai-ichi
TOKYO■

1. Casualties : over 27,000・Dead： over 12,000

・Missing ： over 15,000

2 Refugees : over 160,000
2.
160 000(As of April 3rd)3

Nuclear Reactors Near Epicenter of the Earthquake
4 Nuclear Power Stations with 14 Units
automatic
shut down
Onagawa
Unit 1 524 MW, 1984Unit 2 825 MW, 1995Unit 3 825 MW, 2002Fukushima Dai-ichi
Unit 1 460 MW, 1971Unit 2 784 MW
MW, 1974Unit 3 784 MW, 1976Unit 4 784 MW, 1978Unit 5 784 MW, 1978Unit 6 1,100 MW, 1979Fukushima Dai-ni
Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1982U it 2 1,100
Unit
1 100 MWMW, 1984
1984Unit 3 1,100 MW, 1985Unit 4 1,100 MW, 1987Tokai Dai-ni
Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1978-cold
shut down

Periodicalinspection4

1. Damages

KYODO NEWSKYODO NEWSNOAA/US Dept of Commerce, http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/5

2. Rescuing Efforts and Foreign AssistanceJapan deeply appreciates the assistance offered from134 countries and regions and39 international organizations(Rescue teams were sent from 19 countries and region)

KYODO NEWS

Ministry of Defense

US Navy/US Pacific Command(Operation Tomodachi)

63. Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station
Before the Earthquake and Tsunamis

After the Earthquake and Tsunamis

TEPCO

Air Photo Service Inc (Myoko, Niigata Japan)

7

3. Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station
Evacuation

Cause of the Damage
Grid Line

Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS① Loss of Offsite Power
due to the Earthquake

Fukushima Dai-ni NPS

Unit : μSv/hour

Reactor
Building

TurbineBuilding

Tsunami (estimated 14m)

About20M

About40M

Diesel Generator

Elevation:
about 10m
Seawater level
Seawater Pump

② Diesel Generator Inoperable
due to the Tsunami
All Motion Operated Pumps including
8
ECCS became Inoperable

B. Key Challenges
1 Cool Down the Reactors
1.
2. Contain Spreads of Radioactive Substances(sea, soil and atmosphere)
3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring
4 Ensure the Safety of Food,
4.
Food Drinking Water andOn-site Workers
91. Cool Down the Reactors(As of April 5)

10

1. Cool Down the Reactors((Unit 1))（As of 6:00 Aprilp 3rd,, 2011）

Injection
Fuel Bundle・400
Spent Fuel in the Pool・292
292 + 100 ((new))

DamagedSpentp Fuel Pool Coolingg SystemyInjecting Fresh wateror SeawaterS
Major Events・Mar.12- Venting started
・Mar.12- Hydrogen explosion
・Mar.12- Seawater injection to reactor core・Mar.25- Fresh water injection to reactor core
TEPCO

DamagedRecovered・Mar.31- Fresh water spray by concrete pumptrucksEmergency Diesel Generator
Residual Heat Removal System

External Power(Mar.24- connected to the central control room)11

1. Cool Down the Reactors((Unit 2))(As of 6:00 April 3rd, 2011)

Injection
Fuel Bundle・548
Spent Fuel in the Pool・587 + 28 (new)DamagedSpentp Fuel Pool Coolingg SystemyInjecting Fresh wateror SeawaterSMajor Events・Mar.13- Venting started
・Mar.14- Seawater injection to reactor core

Possible damage ofthe suppression
i chamber・Mar.15- Sound of explosion
・Mar.20- Seawater injection to spent fuel pool(SFP)

Ministry of Defense

Damagedg

RecoveredEmergency Diesel Generator
Residual Heat Removal System

External Power(Mar.26- connected to the central control room)

・Mar.26- Fresh water injection to reactor core・Apr.
A11- Freshh water injectioni j i to SFPS12

1. Cool Down the Reactors(Unit 3)(As of 6:00 April 3rd, 2011)

Injection
DamagedSpent Fuel Pool Cooling System

Fuel Bundle
・548
Spent Fuel in the Pool・514 + 52 (new)Injecting Fresh wateror SeawaterMajor Events・Mar.13- Venting started
・Mar.13- Seawater injection to reactor core・Mar.14- Hydrogen explosion
・Mar
Mar.17
17- Seawater discharge by helicoptersand sprayed to spent fuel pool(SFP)Air Photo Service Inc (Myoko, Niigata Japan)

DamagedRecoveredcore

Emergency Diesel Generator
Residual Heat Removal System・Mar.25- Fresh water injection to reactor
・Mar.29- Fresh water spray by concrete

External Power(Mar.22- connected to the central control room)pump trucks to SFP13

1. Cool Down the Reactors(Unit 4)

(As of 6:00 April 3rd, 2011)

Injection
Fuel Bundle・0
Spent Fuel in the Pool・1331 + 204 (new)DamagedSpentp Fuel Pool Coolingg Systemy

No Fuel in Reactor Pressure VesselMajor Events・Mar.15- Fire occurred・Mar.16- Fire occurred.
・Mar.20- Seawater spray by SelfDefense Forces to spent
ffuell pooll (SFP)・Mar.25- Seawater injection to SFP

RecoveredAir Photo Service Inc (Myoko, Niigata Japan)

External Power(Mar.29- connected to the central control room)

・Apr. 1- Fresh water spray by
concrete pump trucks toSFP14

1. Cool Down the Reactors((Unit 5&6))

Functioning
Spent Fuel Pool Cooling System(As of 6:00 April 3rd, 2011)

Fuel Bundle
・Unit5 : 548
・Unit6 : 764
Spent Fuel in the Pool・Unit 5 : 946 + 48 (new)・Unit 6: 876 + 64 (new)KYODO NEWS

Functioning
Emergency Diesel Generator
Residual Heat Removal System

External Power15

Other Nuclear Power Stations in the Tohoku Area
Onagawa (3 Units)
All units (Units 1-3) wereimmediately shut down
automatically, then safely
cold shut down.
Onagawa

Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc

Fukushima Dai-ichi

Fukushima Dai-ni
Dai ni (4 Units)

Fukushima Dai-ni

All units ((Units 1-4)) wereimmediately shut down
automatically, then safely
cold shut down.

TEPCO

16

2. Contain Spreads of Radioactive Substances(sea, soil and atmosphere)
The Japanese Government and TEPCO are making the utmost effort to prevent the dispersionof flow
flow-out
out radioactive contaminated water.
waterMajorj Events

Artificial basin

Locking in radioactive materials
by spraying synthetic resin
Unit 2
Suppression poolwater surge tank

Unit 3
Unit 4

Megafloat
condensate storage tank

Unit 1・Mar. 27
Stagnant water on the basement
floor of the turbine of Unit2
and in the trenches foundto be highly contaminated.
・Mar. 29
Stagnantgwater in the trenches
and the turbine building
transferred to the storage tank,then to the surge tank.
・Apr 1・Apr.
Highly contaminated water
discovered leaking into the sea.
・Apr. 6
Leak of contaminated water
into the sea was stopped.
17

2. Contain Spreads of Radioactive Substances(sea, soil and atmosphere)

Experts are making the utmost effort to prevent dispersing radioactive substances
contained in dust,dust debris and vapor.
vapor
Spraying synthetic materials on the surface of the groundand debris to p
prevent radioactive substances dispersionp

TEPCO

18

3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring
TEPCO monitors radioactivity levels every ten minutes and releases the results
immediately. Radioactivity levels rose on March 15th, but has since fallen andremain low.
Environmental Radioactivity Levelat the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS

Monitoring posts and the readings at theFukushima Dai-ichi NPS( S /h)(μSv/h)Unit 1~6

Measurementt point
Mi t:Main Gate (1.0km from Unit2)
or West Gate(1.1km from Unit2)

E l i ini UnitExplosion
Ui2

12,000White smokefrom Unit 3

Max.

Near West Gate
55.4 μSv/h

4,000
Grayish smoke from Unit 3

2,000

Min.

28‐Mar27‐Mar26‐Mar25‐Mar24‐Mar23‐Mar22‐Mar21‐Mar20‐Mar19‐Mar18‐Mar17‐Mar16‐Mar15‐Mar14‐Mar13‐Mar（as of 15:00 April 3rd, 2011）12‐Mar MainM i GGate
124 μSv/h

11‐Mar0TEPCO

119

Monitoring
Posts Dai-ichi NPS
Readings at ReadingsMonitoringatPosts
out of Fukushimaout of Fukushima Dai-ichi
Dai ichi NPS

Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS

Fukushima Dai-ni NPS

Unit : μSv/hour
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology (MEXT)

2015

1013‐Marr
14‐Marr
15‐Marr
16‐Marr
17‐Marr
18‐Marr
19‐Marr
20‐Marr
21‐Marr
22‐Marr
23‐Marr
24‐Marr
25‐Marr
26‐Marr
27‐Marr
28‐Marr
29‐Marr
30‐Marr
31‐Marr
1‐Aprr2‐Aprr3‐Aprr4‐Aprr5‐Aprr25

F k hi
Fukushima

2061km1020

514‐‐Mar15‐‐Mar16‐‐Mar17‐‐Mar18‐‐Mar19‐‐Mar20‐‐Mar21‐‐Mar22‐‐Mar23‐‐Mar24‐‐Mar25‐‐Mar26‐‐Mar27‐‐Mar28‐‐Mar29‐‐Mar30‐‐Mar31‐‐Mar1‐Apr12‐Apr23‐Apr34‐Apr413‐‐Mar14‐‐Mar15‐‐Mar16‐‐Mar17‐‐Mar18‐‐Mar19‐‐Mar20‐‐Mar21‐‐Mar22‐‐Mar23‐‐Mar24‐‐Mar25‐‐Mar26‐‐Mar27‐‐Mar28‐‐Mar29‐‐Mar30‐‐Mar31‐‐Mar1‐Apr12‐Apr23‐Apr34‐Apr45‐Apr5

Atmospheric Readings within 100km(μSv/h)(μSv/h)3030Max.

15Min.

(μSv/h)3025Miyagi

2090km

15105500100km
Fukushima Dai-ichi
Dai ichi25Max.

Iwaki

43kmMin.

0MEXT, Fukushima Prefectural Government

210.300.30

Hokkaido
630km

0 100.10

Osaka400km

0.10Max.
0.40

0.20
0.30

Min.

MEXT
14‐Mar15‐Mar16‐Mar17‐Mar18‐Mar19‐Mar20‐Mar21‐Mar22‐Mar23‐Mar24‐Mar25‐Mar26‐Mar27‐Mar28‐Mar29‐Mar30‐Mar31‐Mar1‐Apr2‐Apr3‐Apr4‐Apr

14‐Mar15‐Mar16‐Mar17‐Mar18‐Mar19‐Mar20‐Mar21‐Mar22‐Mar23‐Mar24‐Mar25‐Mar26‐Mar27‐Mar28‐Mar29‐Mar30‐Mar31‐Mar1‐Apr2‐Apr
3‐Apr4‐Apr

0.40

14‐Mar15‐Mar16‐Mar17‐Mar18‐Mar19‐Mar20‐Mar21‐Mar22‐Mar23‐Mar24‐Mar25‐Mar26‐Mar
27‐Mar28‐Mar
29‐Mar30‐Mar31‐Mar
1‐Apr
2‐Apr
3‐Apr
4‐Apr

Atmospheric Readings inTokyo Osaka and Sapporo
Tokyo,(μSv/h)

Max.

0.20

Min.

0.00

200km
Fukushima Dai-ichi

100km(μSv/h)0.40(μSv/h)

Tokyo
230km

0.00
Max.

0.20

0.10
Min.

0.00

22

4. Ensure the Safety of Food and Water
The Japanese government inspects radiation dosages every day, and prohibits distribution
and consumption of food that fails to meet stringent criteria.

Instructions(issued by Prime Minister on 21, 23 March 2011)

Fukushima

Fukushima Dai-ichi
Nuclear Power StationT hi iTochigi
Gun-maMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Ibaraki… Not to Distribute＊Fukushima Prefecture
・Fresh raw milk
・Non-head type leafy vegetables and head
type leafy vegetables (e.g. spinach)・Flowerhead brassicas including turnip(e.g. broccoli, cauliflower)＊Ibaraki Prefecture
・FreshFresh raw milk・Spinach・Parsley＊Tochigi and Gun-ma Prefectures
・Spinach… Not to Consume
Fukushima Prefecture＊Fukushima
・Non-head type leafy vegetables and head
type leafy vegetables
24
・Flowerhead, brassicas

23

Safety of Farm Produce
Fukushima Prefecture

Fukushima
Dai-ichi
NPS

About45Km
Samekawa Village

Radioactive Contamination in Leafy Vegetables
in Samekawa-village (Fukushima Prefecture)
Samekawa-village(bq/kg)21-Mar24-Marradioactive
5,900
1,200iodine→
radioactive
1 700
1,700
68
cesiumGuidance Levels for Radionuclides
in Vegetables
JapanEU

2,000

2,000

3,000

1 250 1,000
1,250
1 000(Cs134)

500

IAEA *Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, EURATOM, IAEA
*OIL(Operational Intervention Levels )6 : Locally produced food, milk and water have been screened, and all members of the public, including infants,
children and pregnant women can safely drink the milk and water and eat the food during the emergency phase.

24

Safety of Drinking Water
The Japanese Government has been implementing necessary measures based on its
stringent criteria for radionuclides in drinking water, and monitoring radionuclide
levels every
y day.
yRadioactive Iodine(I131) in Drinking-Water in Tokyo

Guidance Levels for Radionuclides
in Drinking Water(Bq/kg)radioactiveiodine(I131)
radioactivecesiumJapan(Kanamachi filter plant)

EU300(for babies) 100

500(Bq/kg)

Japan : 300300

250210Bq/kg Reco : babies not to intake tap water200

150200 1,000

Japan (for babies) : 100

10079Bq/kg Reco was llfted.
50Under detectable level
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, EURATOM

022‐Mar23‐Mar24‐Mar25‐Mar26‐Mar27‐Mar28‐Mar29‐MarBureau of waterworks Metropolitan Tokyo Government*On March 23, the Japanese Government recommended that the residents in Tokyo area refrain fromhaving their babies intake tap water, but it lifted the recommendation in two days.

25

Safety of On-site Workers
The Japanese Government closely supervises on-site workers’ health conditions,limiting the level of their maximum exposure to radiation to 250mSv.
No workers in Fukushima NPS have been exposed
pto 250mSv or more.
On March 24, three workers exposed to more than 170mSv. were hospitalized,
but were released four days later after no health problems were found.
Emergency Dose LimitmSvemergency
dose limit

JAPAN100↓250(limitit raised(lii d forf Fukushima
F k hiemergency workers)

Workers Exposed to Radiation inFukushima Dai-ichi NPS, as of April 5
level of exposure

number of workers

more than 100mSv

21more than 250mSv

0Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency,ICRP,

26

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)

27

C. Impact on Japanese Economy
1 Estimated Economic Damages and Plan for Reconstruction
1.
2. Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in Japan

28

1. Estimated Economic Damages and Plan for Reconstruction
Damaged Stocks in Disaster Areas* estimated by the Cabinet Office of Japan• 16〜25 trillion Yen(US$195〜305 billion)• (Reference) Japan’s GDP : 500 trillion Yen (US$5.9 trillion)

Recovery and Plan for Reconstruction*from the speech of Prime Minister Kan on April 1• Short-term:
hClearingl i Debris,b i Erectingi Temporary Housing,iRehabilitating Industrial Facilities• Mid and Long-term: Disaster-Resilient, Eco-Friendly, andWelfare-Oriented City Planningg “Reconstruction Planningg Council”• Establishing• Compiling Supplementary Budgets29

2. Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in JapanTokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) normally supplies electricity to an area with apopulation of over 42 million producing almost 40% of Japan’s GDP, but lost 40% of its
generation capacity after the earthquake and tsunami.
We are making the utmost effort to match supply and demand during the peak
peak-loadload summer
on both demand side (intensive energy saving and scheduled rolling blackouts) and supply side(capacity expansion of thermal plants).
60 (GW)
52GW（Mar.11)

Peak Demandof the Month

Earthquake(Mar.11)5045GW（Jul. 31)Peak Demandof the Month

40
30

33GW
（Mar.17）
31GW（Mar.14)

29GW（Mar.14)20
10Supplypp y Capacitypy of TEPCO

0Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayJun.

Jul.

Aug.

Sep.

30

Energy Supply and Electricity Generation
by Energy Source
Total Primary Energy Supply

Nuclear
11%

Hydro
3%

Renewable
3%

21,735PJ(FY2009)

Oil
45%
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy“Energy Balance of Japan”

Total Electricity Generation
Hydro
8%

Coall
20%

Renewable
1%
Coal
25%

LNG
18%

955TWh(FY2009)

Nuclear
29%

Oil
7%

LNG
30%

Agency for Natural Resources and Energy“Current Situation of Electricity Development”

31

LocationofofNuclear
NuclearPowerPower Stations
Stations inLocationin JapanJapan
54 units (30 units of BWR and 24 units of PWR, total 49GW) in 17 sites[[3 Units]]*Tomari (HokkaidoEPC)[2 Units]* Shika(HokurikuEPC)
g*Tsuruga[[2 Units]](JAPC)[3 Units]*MihamaOi[4 Units]*[4 Units]*Takahama(K(Kansaii EPC)

[7 Units]*Kashiwazaki‐Kariwa (TEPCO)*Higashidori[1 Unit ](Tohoku EPC)

*Onagawa[3 Units](Tohoku EPC)

[2 Units]*Shimane(Chugoku EPC)
[4 Units]*Genkai (KyushuEPC)

Units]*Fukushima Dai‐ichi [6(TEPCO)Tokyo*Fukushima Dai‐ni[4 Units](TEPCO)

Unit]* Tokai Dai‐ni [1(JAPC)[3 UUnits]it ] *Hamaoka [3 Units]
Ik*Ikata(Chubu EPC)
(Shikoku EPC)
[2 Units]*Sendai (KyushuEPC)

500km

32

D. Responsiveness to the World

1 Cooperation
1.
Cti withith International
I tti l Organizations
Oi ti
2. Speedy Dissemination of Accurate Information

33

Cooperation with International Organizations
International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA)

March 19, Joint Statements confirmed- No Restrictions on Air Travel to Japan International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO)International Maritime
Organization (IMO)World MeteorologicalOrganization (WMO)()World Health Organization(WHO)

International flight and maritime
operations can continue normally into andout of Japan’s major airports and sea ports,
excluding those damaged by the tsunami.
Screening for radiation of international
passengers from Japan is not considerednecessary at this time
time.
Currently available information indicatesthat increased levels have been detected atsome airports, but these do not represent
any health risk.

•Joint Statements from above Five Organizations
http://www2.icao.int/en/NewsRoom/Lists/News/Attachments/37/PI
O.05.11.EN.pdf

34

Speedy Dissemination of Accurate Information• Japan is committed to the speedy dissemination of accurate information.
• All necessary information are available below.
Japan’s Countermeasures• 1.http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/incident/index.html• 2.http://www.meti.go.jp/english/index.html• 3.http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/pg jp gMeasurement of Radioactivity Doses• 1.http://www.mext.go.jp/english/radioactivity_level/detail/1303986.htm• 2.http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/
2 http://www nisa meti go jp/english/• 3.http://www.worldvillage.org/fia/kinkyu_english.php

Water Safety• 1.http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/2011eq/index.html• 2.http://www.waterworks.metro.tokyo.jp/press/shinsai22/press110324-02-1e.pdf

Food Safety• 1.http://www.maff.go.jp/e/index.html• 2.http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/2011eq/index.html

P t andPortsd Ai
Airportst SSafety
f t• 1.http://www.mlit.go.jp/page/kanbo01_hy_001428.html• 2.http://www.mlit.go.jp/koku/flyjapan_en/index.html

35