ANNUALREPORT

2020-2022

April 2020 - March 2022

Nambu Yoichiro Institute ofTheoretical and Experimental
Physics (NITEP),
Osaka Metropolitan University

31 October 2023
Copyright © 2023 NITEP, Osaka Metropolitan University.
All rights reserved.
Editors: Hiroshi Itoyama, Masako Iwasaki, Nobuyuki Kanda, Katsuichi Kanemoto, Nobuhito
Maru, Takashiro Nishinaka, Akira Oguri, Mitsuyo Suzuki and Hiromitsu Takeuchi

FRONTPIECE

form recent researches activities

The superfluid Phase transition of paired fermions
Condensation of Cooper pairs

𝑇𝑇𝐶𝐶

Center-of-Mass momentum distribution of Cooper pairs

A series of absorption images show the temperature dependence of the centerof-mass momentum distribution of Cooper pairs in the spin-1/2 Fermi-particle
system in the unitary limit using ultracold 6 Li atomic gases. A significant increase in the zero-momentum component is observed near the superfluid transition temperature (Tc ), providing direct evidence for Bose condensation of Cooper
pairs.
Belle II : installation of VerteX Detector (VXD)©Belle II Collaboration

The Belle II detector is constructed at the colliding point of SuperKEKB electron-positron
collider at KEK, the High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization, Japan. The photoshows the VerteX Detector (VXD) detector
installation.

iii

ΔBCS

1/(波長)

エネルギーギャップ

マイスナー効果

エネルギー
ギャップの出方は素粒子のディラック方程式２
そのものだ
何かあるぞ

南部博士は、BCS の近似が気になって仕方がなかった。
「ずっと考えているうちに虜になってしまった。
」と、南部博士は後年述懐している。

１ 場の量子論：素粒子の生成・消滅を取り扱う基本的な枠組み
２ ディラック方程式：フェルミ粒子の従う基本方程式

Ward恒等式
G，Σ，Γ

iv

BCS近似すると、超伝導が出るだけでなく、他にも影響が出てくるはずだ
私の得意な場の量子論１の方法を用いて調べてみよう２ωp：プラズマ
振動数
1/(波長)

ついにわかったぞ

BCS近似をすると、電子群が作る密度波１と一緒に、クーロン力に加えてギャップのない波（これを「ゼロモード」と以下呼ぶ）
が立っているね
このおかげでBCS近似をしても、電磁気学の法則と矛盾しないのだ

南部

エネルギーギャップ

南部博士がBCS理論の本質的な正しさを証明するまでに、実に2年の歳月を要した。

１ 電子群が作る密度波：電子が集団的に動く往復運動から生じる縦波振動

３

それにしてもBCS の近似は
大胆だ

粒子数が保存されない
あんな近似やっていいのかな
でもエ ネル ギーギャップがでると、確 か に マイスナ ー
効果２が導けるよね

大阪市立大学を休職中にして渡米して7年経った1957年のとある日、イリノイ大学大学
院生シュリーファーが、彼の師であるバーディーン、クーパーとの３名による最新の超伝導１理論（彼らの頭文字をとってBCS理論）に関するセミナーにやってきた。しかし、大御所のウェンツェル博士を始めとして、聴衆はその内容に懐疑的であった。

１ 超伝導：水銀等の物質が、ある温度以下でゼロの電気抵抗を示し、次項のマイスナー効果を起こすという現象。
２ マイスナー効果：超伝導体の内部では、外部磁場中でも磁束密度がゼロになるという性質。

１

南部博士の実り多き4年間
中間子

カイラリティー

エネルギーギャップ
ギャップのない励起

電荷

湯川のπ中間子の正体は、 n→pe--v
π→μ- v
私の見つけたゼロモードということになる
これをどうやって実験的に確かめればいいだろうか
β崩壊３とかπの崩壊を調べるべきだ-

対応表ができたぞ超伝導での粒子数保存
は、素粒子ではカイラリ
ティー２の
（近似的）
保存に対応しているね

素粒子
核子の質量

超伝導

対応表

BCS 理論を完成させた南部博士にとって、超伝導と素粒子との対応表を作り上げるのはそんなに難しい仕事ではなかった。湯川博士
が予言したπ中間子１の正体、その質量が軽い
理由もほぼ明らかになった。

e-

π

v-

P

GT関係式

１ GT関係式：
β崩壊への軸性カレントの寄与が、π中間子の崩壊定数とπ中間子-核子散乱の結合定数の積に比例するという関係式
２ PCAC（partially conserved axial vector current）:軸性カレントの保存則が、π中間子の質量がゼロの極限で成立しているという南部博士の主張。

n

このストーリーは、模型には依存しない一般的な現象だ

1959年のある日、南部博士は、BCS超伝
導で自分が見つけたゼロモードと全く同じやり方で、当時話題になっていた先輩ゴールド
バーガー博士とトリーマン博士によるGT関係式１が導けることに気づいた。今日PCAC２（ほぼ保存する軸性カレント）と呼ばれている考え方である。

やはりそうであったかこれで私の描いたストーリーは完全なものになった５

どっちの模型にすべきか
悩ましいよね
一長一短だ

ゴールドストン

かくして、南部博士の独創的思考は、世界中の研究者を巻き込む競合的研究へと発展していったのだった。

南部 ヨナ＝ラシニオ

そうか
フェルミオンのみの簡単な模型で早く書き上げよう

南部先生、大変です
ゴールドストン博士が、この前のプレプリントを冒頭で引用する
プレプリント２を書きました

1960年、南部博士は、これまでの研究のまとめを、中米地区の国内学会の招待講演で発表する事にした。都合で学会には行けなくなったが、新しく着任した研究協力者ヨナ＝ラシニオ博士が代わりに発表し、その内容を、会議録用のプレプリント１として世界中に送付した。素粒子におけるBCS機構を例証するヨナ＝ラシニオ博士との本論文を書くにあたり、南部博士は、BCSにより近い電磁場を含む模型か、フェルミオンのみのより簡単な模型か、どちらを選ぶか決めかねていた。

１ プレプリント：研究成果をいち早く世界中の当該分野研究者に伝えるために、雑誌、会議録に出版する
前に郵便として送付する印刷物。今日では、プレプリントサーバー上で全世界に毎日配信されている。
２ J. Goldstone, Nuovo cimento 19, 154(1961)６

１ π中間子：1935年に湯川博士により予言され、その後確認された粒子。今日ではクォークと反クォークの複合粒子と考える。質量は140MeV/c2と陽子や中性子（１GeV/c2程度）
より大分軽い。
２ カイラリティー：次のパネルを参照
３ β崩壊：中性子が、陽子と電子と反ニュートリノに（弱い相互作用で）崩壊する過程。

４

FRONTPIECE

PREFACE
Five years have passed since Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics(NITEP) was founded and we present our annual report, summarizing scientific accomplishments
made during the period of April 2020 through March 2022, namely 2020 and 2021 academic years.
On April 1st, 2022, Osaka City University and Osaka Prefectural University were put together tobecome Osaka Metropolitan University. The number of current research members of NITEP has now
significantly increased, many of us being co-members from our new physics department.
Throughout 2020-2021 AY, while we had to persevere with the spell of COVID-19, we aimed
at the formation of NITEP as an international research basis, fostering the research atmosphere ofemphasizing free imagination and originality which Professor Nambu left to us. We accomplished a
lot of noteworthy results in original research coming out from our on-campus activities that involved
the participation of graduate students, as well as from international collaborations which are alreadywell-known in the world. Several international conferences/workshops were held by us, which are bothinterdisciplinary and borderless, following the research discipline of Nambu. These are annually or
biannually held in the fields and communities of cosmic ray and gravitational wave physics, elementary
particle physics (both theory and experiments) and physical, mathematical sciences of the integrable
systems, quantum field theory and string theory. Some of them were held at our Sugimoto campus
while others are jointly held with other institutions.
Beginning with January 2021, we realized the big memorable event of 100th birthday of Nambu
for two months, collaborating with the science museum of Osaka city: it was a successful corporation
between a university and a museum. It has now become possible to make interdisciplinary investigations more systematically than before in several fields: they are elementary particle physics that areboth theoretical and experimental, many-body problem of nuclear physics and modern atomic physics
and fusion of gravitational wave probes and physics beyond the standard model. The special lecture
series, which were going on but discontinued for a while, have now come back and we hope to makethem more active. Please look at our website for more details.
The public lectures, which we have poured a lot of efforts into even before NITEP was founded,have now become well-known events which people ranging from retired citizens to high-school students
look forward to.
We would like to proceed in several directions mentioned above for further developments.
Opinions and participations from outside NITEP are very important. Feel free to express youropinions to us.
Hiroshi Itoyama, the director of NITEPv

Contents
PREFACEv

1 ABOUT NITEP

1

2 NEWS

1

3 AWARDS

2

4 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION

2

5 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
4
5.1 Exploring the internal structure of particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
5.2 Quantum corrections to Wilson-line scalar masses in flux compactification . . . . . . .
7
5.3 Development of concepts to characterize the gravity strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
5.4 Spatially-resolved observations of giant molecular clouds in the nearest spiral galaxy M33 12
5.5 Direct spectroscopic observations of operation processes in ionic liquid-based LECs . . 14
5.6 Collaborative works on superdiffusion scaling law and vortex-ring decay in quantum fluid 16
5.7 Three-body Fermi-liquid corrections in Kondo systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6 CONFERENCES & WORKSHOPS
6.1 Conferences/Symposia/Workshops organized by NITEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Conferences/Symposia/Workshops supported by NITEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21
21
21

7 MEETINGS & SEMINARS
7.1 Lectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2 Seminars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 Joint Monthly Meetings of Nuclear Theory Lab. and Ultracold Quantum Gas Lab. . .
7.4 NITEP Joint Seminar of Mathematical Physics and Particle Physics . . . . . . . . . .
7.5 NITEP Colloquium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6 Public Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22
22
22
22
22
23
24

8 PUBLICATIONS
8.1 Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 Research Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25
25
25

9 MEMBERS

50

vi

1

ABOUT NITEP

Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University was founded on Novermber 1, 2018.
Osaka City University (OCU) is known to be the only university in Japan where Yoichiro Nambu
taught as professor before he left for the United States. Since then, our physics department has beenrecognized as a first-rate research institute in physics till today, emphasizing free spirit and imagination
fostered by the group led by Professor Nambu in early fifties. In 2013, OCU awarded Professor Nambu
a Special Emeritus Professor for his Novel prize in Physics in 2008. In 2018, the President Tetsuo
Arakawa decided to open a new research institute in physics on our campus crowned under Nambu to
promote our activities and foster human resources further, aiming at the formation of an international
center where scientists both from abroad and inside Japan gather regularly. International presence of
our university has thus been strengthened.

2NEWS
1. Masako Iwasaki was introduced as a role model for women researchers. (30 April 2020)
2. The work of Makoto Tsubota and his colleagues (NITEP preprint # 41) was reported in the
May 4 morning edition of the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, The Nikkei. (4 May 2020)
3. Osaka City University’s 140th Anniversary Exhibition Room was open on 3 November (*Opento the public after mid-December). There is a corner with Yoichiro Nambu. (3 November 2020)
4. Hiroshi Itoyama (Director of NITEP) gave a lecture at the Special Night ”Physicist Yoichiro
Nambu and the Universe” at the Osaka Science Museum. (23 January 2021)
5. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Yoichiro Nambu, NITEP and the
Osaka Science Museum held a special exhibition, ”Hogarakani: The Life and Research of Yoichiro
Nambu,” at the Osaka Science Museum. (13 January - to 28 March 2021.)
6. Annual Report 2018-2019 was released. (16 January 2021.)
7. The project ”Application of Machine Learning to the Elementary Physics Experiments” byMasako Iwasaki (NITEP) got the acceptance of FY2021 Osaka Univ. Cybermedia Center LargeScale Computer system Exploratory Research Project for Young or Women Scientists.. (16January 2021.)
8. The article ”First cryogenic test operation of underground km-scale gravitational-wave observatory KAGRA” by KAGRA collaboration that Yousuke Itoh and Nobuyuki Kanda belong has
been selected for the Highlights of 2019-20 of the ”Classical and Quantum Gravity” journal. (16March 2021.)
9. NITEP on-line public lecture (in Japanese) was open. (30 March 2021.)

10. The project ”Application of Machine Learning to the Elementary Physics Experiments” byMasako Iwasaki (NITEP) got the acceptance of FY2021 Joint Usage/Research Center for Interdisciplinary Large-scale Information Infrastructures (JHPCN) Exploratory Research Project.
(23 April 2021.)1

11. An article on the 100th anniversary of the birth of Yoichiro Nambu was published in the Asahi
Shinbun. In the article, NITEP and a comment by Director Itoyama were introduced. (10Augusut 2021.)
12. An article on the 100th anniversary of the birth of Yoichiro Nambu was published in “RONZA”(Asahi Shinbun). In the article, NITEP was introduced and Director Itoyama commented on
Prof. Nambu.(16 Augusut 2021.)
13. NITEP is mentioned at the end of Akira Nakashima’s book ”The Story of Yoichiro Nambu–The
Man Who Came Too Early” (Kodansha Ltd., 2021).(31 October 2021.)
14. Takahiro Nishinaka gave a commemorative lecture at the award ceremony of the Yoichiro Nambu
Memorial Young Scientist Award for 2021. (29 November 2021.)
15. The project ”Application of Machine Learning to the Elementary Physics Experiments” byMasako Iwasaki got the acceptance of FY2022 Joint Usage/Research Center for Interdisciplinary
Large-scale Information Infrastructures (JHPCN) Exploratory Research Project. (15 March
2022.)
16. Nobuyuki Kanda gave a lecture at the JPSJ Online Physics Lectures. (18 June 2022.)
17. Wataru Horiuchi gave a commemorative lecture at the award ceremony of the Yoichiro Nambu
Memorial Young Scientist Award for 2022. (19 December 2022.)

3

AWARDS
1. Rosa Mayta Palacios was selected as a winner of the 7th Osaka City University Special
Award for Female Researchers [Okamura Prize] on 23 October 2020.
2. Takahiro Nishinaka was selected as a winner of the Yoichiro Nambu Memorial Young
Scientist Award for 2021 on 26 July 2021.
3. Takuya Hirose (second year student in the Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University)
was awarded the Student Presentation Award of the Physical Society of Japan at
2021 Autumn Meeting based on the joint research with Associate Professor Nobuhito Maru
(NITEP) on 23 October 2021.
4. Wataru Horiuchi was selected as a winner of the Yoichiro Nambu Memorial Young
Scientist Award for 2022 on 19 December 2022.

4

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONNITEP has been putting forward international collaborations in several directions strongly since its
foundation.
In high energy experiments, Y. Seiya and K. Yamamaoto have been working at the long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment T2K, concluding that the angle δCP may be around the −π/2.
They are also working at the DeeMe experiment in preparation to search for the charged lepton flavor
violating process, µ-e conversion. M. Iwasaki and E. Nakano have been working on the international
B factory experiments of Belle and Belle II. M. Iwasaki has also been working for the future ILC
experiment on the SiD R&D and physics feasibility studies.

2

In high energy theory, N. Maru has been working with N. Okada and S. Okada on the collider
physics and the dark matter physics related to the Higgs sector in the standard model. M. Yamanaka
has collaborated with people at Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM) on muonelectron conversion in nuclei. In quantum field theory and string theory, H. Itoyama has continued tocollaborate with A. Mironov and A. Morozov, the two renowned Russian scientists at ITEP, Moscow
and produced three papers on tensor models and their algebraic properties. S. Moriyama collaborates
intermittently with Heng-Yu Chen at National Taiwan University on various aspects of conformal field
theories.
In gravitational wave observations, N. Kanda, Y. Itoh, and T. Sawada are the members of the
KAGRA collaboration, which consists of more than 400 researchers from more than 110 institutionsin 15 countries and regions around the world (as of August 2020). Kanda serves as an executive officemember of the KAGRA collaboration, Itoh is a liaison member of several LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA jointcommittees from the KAGRA collaboration, and Sawada is a coordinator of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
observing runs. In cosmic ray observations, S. Ogio and Y. Tsunesada are principal researchers of theTelescope Array experiment, the largest cosmic ray observatory in the northern hemisphere. Ogio is
the spokesperson, and Tsunesada serves as the analysis coordinator leading the science team of thisJapan-US-Korea-Russian collaboration
In theory of gravitation and astrophysics, K. Nakao has been in contact with P. S. Joshi Charotar
University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT) on strong gravity.
M. Tsubota conducted the joint research of low temperature physics with the scientists of Yale
University, Florida State University, Florida University, USA, University of Cambridge, UK, Leiden
University, the Nertherlands, Yangzhou University, China, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, and University of Konstanz, Germany, Technology Innovation Institute, UAE, publishing five
papers. In the field of strongly-correlated electron systems, A. Oguri and Y. Nishikawa have beencollaborating with an experimental group of CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Universite Paris Saclay, France,
and a theoretical group of Imperial College London. In quantum dynamics physics, S. Tanaka, K.
Kanki, S. Garmon, and K. Noba have collaborated with T. Petrosky at University of Texas at Austin,
USA for the study of non equilibrium statistical mechanics in terms of complex spectral analysis.
S. Tanaka and K. Kanki have collaborated with R. Passante and L. Rizzuto at Palermo University,
Italy on studies of the dynamical Casimir effect. S. Garmon has collaborated with G. Ordonez at
Butler University, USA, on topological properties and dynamics of quantum systems exhibiting chiralsymmetry. Y. Hosokoshi and T. Ono have conducted a Joint research project of neutron and �SR experiments with University of Zaragoza�Spain, in order to determine the magnetic structure of organic
radical crystals.

3

5

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

5.1

Exploring the internal structure of particles
Takahiro Sawada 1

I have been a member of the gravitational wave experimental physics laboratory at OCU and OMU
NITEP from 2018 to 2022, and have promoted the research on the gravitational wave experiment
KAGRA. The primary target sources for gravitational wave observations are the merger of compact
binaries; black holes and/or neutron stars, which are matters under extreme conditions. We are still
far from a complete understanding of the fundamental matter of the universe, e.g., the proton andneutron, even under normal conditions in which we live. Here I present the research on the internal
structure of these fundamental particles that we have performed during my career at this institute.
The quark model is successful in classifying hadrons. Considering that a baryon is composed ofthree constituent quarks, we can describe the baryon’s mass, magnetic moment, charge, spin, parity,
etc. These describe the long-range properties of hadrons, while the partonic picture, with elements ofquarks, antiquarks, and gluons, describes the short-range properties. Nonetheless, there is still only
incomplete theoretical and experimental understanding of how these particles and their dynamics giverise to the hadron’s quantum bound states, spin, and other physical properties, even for the proton,
which is the simplest baryon. It is not sufficient to simply add quark spin to explain the proton spin
1/2 at the parton level. This is called the proton spin crisis, in which quark spin contributes only
about 30%, with the remaining 70% considered to originate from gluon spin and the orbital angularmomentum of the quark-gluon. Confirming its origin by experiment has been a crucial topic for longyears. Furthermore, only about 1% of the proton mass is generated by interactions with the Higgs field,
while the rest is thought to arise from the nature of the strong interactions; chiral symmetry breaking
and quark confinement. The study of proton partonic structures will also lead to an understanding of
the interesting properties involved in these strong interactions.
The parton distribution function within a proton has been measured by many experiments so far.
¯¯The distribution quantities for ū- and d-quarks,ū(x) and d(x),here x is the Bjorken scaling variable,¯
were previously thought to be flavor symmetric, i.e., ū = d. This is because ū and d¯ inside the proton¯ and ū and d¯ with comparable masses
should arise from gluon branches g → u + ū and g → d + d,should have almost the same production probabilities. The NMC experiment (1990) at CERN measured the proton and neutron structure functions and was the first to suggest flavor asymmetry. The
NA51 experiment at CERN (1994) and the Fermi E866/NuSea experiment (1998) revealed the flavor
asymmetry by directly measuring the particle distribution function. Various theoretical models were
¯ asymmetry. Most theoretical models approxiproposed to explain the mechanism of this large d/ūmately reproduced the measured x-dependence of its asymmetry at the relatively small x region, butfailed to explain the phenomenon of the asymmetry abruptly dropping to zero at x ∼ 0.3. In particular, the measurements showed a tendency for the asymmetry to invert, a phenomenon in which theasymmetry reverses its size relationship at x > 0.3 , which could not be reproduced by any theoreticalmodel.
We conducted a SeaQuest/E906 experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and has
provided the most accurate measurement to date of the antiquark distribution inside the proton as afunction of Bjorken-x through observations of the Drell-Yang reaction, in which quark-antiquark pairs
annihilate, virtual photons are produced, and decay into a pair of oppositely charged leptons [[1],[2]].
Our results show that there is an asymmetry between the abundances of anti-down and anti-up quarks,
but is qualitatively different from earlier experiments. This has implications for current and future1
present address: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238
Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan4

experimental data and suggests that a convincing theoretical explanation for this phenomenon has
not yet been established.
We also investigated the nucleon and pion gluon distribution functions in the framework of holographic QCD, focusing on the small x region [[3]]. Based on an approximate relation, the gluon distributions were extracted from structure functions of the unpolarized deep inelastic scattering which
could be calculated with a holographic QCD model, assuming the Pomeron exchange. We explicitly
showed that the extracted proton gluon distributions were consistent with the recent global QCD
analysis results. The structure functions of the π-meson (pion) could be computed without any additional parameter, which also enabled us to predict its gluon distribution. We showed that the resulting
pion gluon density is smaller than the proton’s and agrees with the recent global QCD analysis result
within the uncertainties.
The pion, as the Goldstone boson of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking of the strong interaction,is the lightest QCD bound state. Because of its light mass, the pion plays a dominant role in thelong-range nucleon-nucleon inter- action. Understanding the pion’s internal structure is important toinvestigate the low-energy, nonperturbative aspects of QCD. Even though the pion is theoreticallysimpler than the proton, its partonic structure is much less explored because the scattering off apion target is not feasible due to the inability to create material targets made of pions. Therefore,
the study of structure of pion is also very interesting, as is the study of proton structure, and it isworthwhile to make this possible by the approach in [[3]] to extract the structure of pion. We also
investigated and provided the useful constraints for the pion partonic structure in the framework of
the color evaporation model [[4]] and non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) [[5],[6]], and also compiled one
review article [[7]].
The kaons are the lightest mesons containing s̄- or s- quarks, and these properties are considered to
be important in characterizing the properties of interior of neutron stars. We investigated the partonic
structure of Kaon in the framework of the chiral constituent quark model [[8]]. We judiciously choosed
the bare distributions at the initial scale to generate the dressed distributions at the higher scale,considering the meson cloud effects and the QCD evolution, which agreed with the phenomenologicallysatisfactory valence quark distribution of the pion and the experimental data. We showed how themeson cloud effects affect the bare distribution functions in detail and found that a smaller SU(3)flavor symmetry breaking effect was observed, compared with results of the preceding studies basedon other approaches.

References[1] J. Dove et al. “The asymmetry of antimatter in the proton”. In: Nature 590.7847 (Feb. 2021),
pp. 561–565. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03282-z. url: https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586021-03282-z.
[2] J. Dove et al. Measurement of flavor asymmetry of light-quark sea in the proton with Drell-Yan
dimuon production in p + p and p + d collisions at 120 GeV. 2023. arXiv: 2212.12160 [hep-ph].
[3] Akira Watanabe, Takahiro Sawada, and Mei Huang. “Extraction of gluon distributions fromstructure functions at small x in holographic QCD”. In: Physics Letters B 805 (June 2020),
p. 135470. doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135470. url: https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.
physletb.2020.135470.
[4] Wen-Chen Chang et al. “Constraining gluon density of pions at large x by pion-induced J/ψ
production”. In: Phys. Rev. D 102 (5 Sept. 2020), p. 054024. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.054024.
url: https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.054024.
[5] Wen-Chen Chang et al. “Fixed-target charmonium production and pion parton distributions”.
In: Physical Review D 107.5 (Mar. 2023). doi: 10.1103/physrevd.107.056008. url: https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevd.107.056008.
5

[6] Chia-Yu Hsieh et al. “NRQCD analysis of charmonium production with pion and proton beams
at fixed-target energies”. In: Chinese Journal of Physics 73 (2021), pp. 13–23. issn: 0577-9073.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2021.06.001. url: https://www.sciencedirect.
com/science/article/pii/S0577907321001258.
[7] Wen-Chen Chang et al. “Pion PDFs confronted by fixed-target charmonium production”. In:
AAPPS Bulletin 33.1 (July 2023). doi: 10.1007/s43673-023-00085-4. url: https://doi.org/
10.1007%2Fs43673-023-00085-4.
[8] Akira Watanabe, Takahiro Sawada, and Chung Wen Kao. “Kaon quark distribution functions in
the chiral constituent quark model”. In: Phys. Rev. D 97 (7 Apr. 2018), p. 074015. doi: 10.1103/
PhysRevD.97.074015. url: https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.074015.

6

5.2

Quantum corrections to Wilson-line scalar masses in flux compactification
Takuya Hirose

Recently, magnetic flux compactification has attracted attention from the viewpoint of the hierarchy problem. In [1, 2], we have shown that quantum corrections to the masses of zero-mode of thescalar field induced from extra component of higher dimensional gauge field (called Wilson-line (WL)
scalar field) are canceled in a six-dimensional Yang-Mills theory with flux compactifiaction. In [3], wehave investigated the possibility to realize nonvanishing finite WL scalar mass in flux compactification,and illustrated the finite quantum correction to the WL scalar mass in a certain case. We have also
applied the result in [3] to inflationary theory [4].
We consider a six-dimensional U(1) gauge theory with a constant magnetic flux. We assume thatcompact space is a two-dimensional torus T 2 . Here, the magnetic flux is given by the nontrivial
background (or vacuum expectation value (VEV)) of the fifth and the sixth components of the gauge
field. This background must satisfy their classical equation of motion ∂ m hFmn i = 0, where Fmn
is a field strength and m, n = 5, 6 denotes index of compact space. In flux compactification, thebackground of A5,6 is chosen as1
hA5 i = − f x6 ,2

1
hA6 i = f x5 ,2

(1)which introduces a constant magnetic flux density hF56 i = f with a real number f . Note that thissolution breaks an extra-dimensional translational invariance spontaneously. Integrating over T 2 , themagnetic flux is quantized as follows
Zgg 2
dx5 dx6 hF56 i =L f = N ∈ Z,
(2)
2π T 22π
where L2 is an area of two-dimensional torus.
To compute one-loop correction to WL scalar mass in flux compactification, we need informationof Kaluza-Klein (KK) mass eigenvalues for fields propagating in a loop. Summarizing KK mass
spectrums, the KK mass of scalar field is obtained by m2scalar = α(n + 1/2) and that of fermion field isobtained by m2fermion = α(n + 1), where α = 2gf and n = 0, 1, 2 · · · is a Landau level. Note that theKK mass of Yang-Mills theory is similar to the KK mass of fermion.

Figure 1: Example of quantum corrections to the WL scalar mass at 1-loop
We systematically analyze the divergence structure of the quantum corrections to WL scalar massand classify possible interactions providing a finite mass. We investigate two types of Feynman diagrams in figure 1. The general form of loop integral in the quantum correction can be written as
∞ Z
X
d4 k
k 2a
I(x; a, b) =(2π)4 (k 2 + α (n + x))bn=0
 −21
4π
Γ (a + 2 − ) Γ ( + b − a − 2)= b−a
ζ[ + b − a − 2, x],(3)αΓ(b)Γ (2 − )α7where the dimensional regularization was employed for loop integral in the second line. Γ(z) is a
gamma function, ζ[s, a] is Hurwitz zeta function, and d = 4 − 2 dimensions. x is the part of KK mass
characterized by the field running in the loop. x = 1/2 corresponds to the KK mass of scalar field.
x = 1 mainly corresponds to the KK mass of fermion field. a denotes the number of derivatives acting
on the single field and b corresponds to the number of the propagator.
Using eq.(3), we can classify the interaction terms providing finite correction to WL scalar massat one-loop. Of these interaction terms, we consider the simplest interaction term in six-dimensional
scalar QED. The Lagrangian is given by1
L = − FM N F M N − DM ΦDM Φ + κ(φ̄ΦΦ + φΦΦ),
4(4)where Φ is a bulk scalar field and κ is a new dimensionless coupling constant. From new interaction
term, the quantum correction to WL scalar mass at one-loop can be obtained asδm2 =|N | ln 2 κ2.
32π 2 L2

(5)

If κ = 0, the quantum correction (5) would be zero. This physical reason is that the zero-mode of
ϕ is a Namub-Goldstone (NG) boson of translational invariance in extra space. If κ 6= 0, the quantum
correction (5) would not be canceled and the zero-mode of ϕ would be a pseudo NG boson since the
new interaction term ϕΦΦ explicitly break the translational invariance.

References[1] T. Hirose and N. Maru, “Cancellation of One-loop Corrections to Scalar Masses in Yang-Mills
Theory with Flux Compactification,” JHEP 08, 054 (2019) [arXiv:1904.06028 [hep-th]].
[2] T. Hirose and N. Maru, “Cancellation of One-loop Corrections to Scalar Masses in Flux Compactification with Higher Dimensional Operators,” J. Phys. G 48, no.5, 055005 (2021) [arXiv:2012.03494[hep-th]].
[3] T. Hirose and N. Maru, “Nonvanishing finite scalar mass in flux compactification,” JHEP 06, 159(2021) [arXiv:2104.01779 [hep-th]].
[4] T. Hirose and N. Maru, “Extranatural flux inflation,” JHEP 09, 124 (2021) [arXiv:2105.11782[hep-th]].

8

5.3

Development of concepts to characterize the gravity strength
Hirotaka Yoshino

Black holes are fascinating: From inside of a black hole, anything (even a photon) cannot escapefrom it. Although we cannot see black holes themselves by definition, many observations strongly
indicate the existence of black holes. Gravitational waves generated during a merger of two black
holes were detected for the first time in 2015 by the aLIGO (the event GW150914), and today there
are also several gravitational wave observatories in operation such as the aVIRGO and the KAGRA.
Also, the “black hole shadows” around supermassive black holes at the centers of the galaxy M87
and of our galaxy were observed by electromagnetic observations by the Event Horizon Telescope
collaboration.
The properties of black holes are predicted by the theory of general relativity. In order to deepen our
understanding on theoretical aspects of black holes, it is important to introduce appropriate concepts.
Such concepts were often invented as generalizations of a particular concept in a simple situation.
The Schwarzschild spacetime is a well-known spherically symmetric static black hole spacetime, andit has a horizon at r = 2GM where r is the radial coordinate, G is the gravitational constant, and M
is the mass (in the unit c = 1). Penrose introduced two important concepts as the generalizations of
the horizon to general spacetimes: the event horizon and the apparent horizon. The event horizon isdetermined as the outer boundary of the region where photons cannot escape to infinity, and it is widely
accepted as the definition of the black hole. Since the location of the event horizon is determined after
the whole spacetime structure is clarified, it is a global concept. By contrast, the apparent horizon
is determined with local behavior of photons. Consider photons emitted from a surface in outside
directions. The collection of photons forms a surface, and if its area does not change instantaneously,that surface is called the apparent horizon. Note that in the case where gravity is weak, the emitted
photons expand and the area increases. Therefore, the existence of an apparent horizon indicates thatgravity is extremely strong there, and in fact, the formation of an apparent horizon is proven to be
the sufficient condition for the formation of an event horizon. For this reason, the apparent horizon
is widely used especially in numerical simulations to check the black hole formation. This example
illustrates the power of appropriately defined concepts.
Let us now describe the motivation of our study. In a
Schwarzschild spacetime, a photon makes circular motionÄ = 0t Ä < 0 (DTTS) (marginally
DTTS)
around a Schwarzschild black hole at r = 3GM due toÄ > 0strong gravity. This surface is called the “photon sphere”,
and this is an interesting surface as well as r = 2GM .
tSuch circular orbits of photons are known to determine
the shape of a black hole shadow. Therefore, it is natural
to consider generalized concepts of the photon sphere: if
properly defined, such a generalized concept would characterize the strong gravity region around a black hole. In
02019, the present author proposed one of such generalized
concepts, the dynamically transversely trapping surface(DTTS) with collaborators [1]. This is a generalizationthat has a similarity to the apparent horizon in the sensethat it is defined in terms of local behavior of photons.
Roughly speaking, the idea is as follows (please see [1] forthe more precise definition). Consider a two-dimensional
closed surface σ0 and photons emitted from that surface in the tangential directions. Such photons
propagate in the spacetime and we consider the outer boundary σt of the collection of those photons
at time t > 0. Then, we focus on the area A(t) of σt . At t = 0, the value of Ȧ is zero where dot<latexit sha1_base64="pgGQW2E2MPJJYYBnOfochowpOs4=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="GDruzPgdisDi1KXF1rEDcaieAVo=">AAACZHichVHLSgMxFD0d37XaahEEQYql4qpkRFRcFd24tGptoZYyM6Y6dF7MpAUt/oBuFReuFETEz3DjD7jwBwRxqeDGhXemA6JFvSHJyck9NyeJ6hi6Jxh7jEhd3T29ff0D0cHY0HA8MTK65dkNV+MFzTZst6QqHjd0ixeELgxeclyumKrBi2p9xd8vNrnr6ba1KfYdXjGVXUuv6ZoiiMqLaiLNsiyIVCeQQ5BGGGt24hrb2IENDQ2Y4LAgCBtQ4FErQwaDQ1wFLeJcQnqwz3GIKGkblMUpQyG2TuMurcoha9Har+kFao1OMai7pEwhwx7YDXtl9+yWPbOPX2u1ghq+l32a1baWO9X40fjG+78qk2aBvS/Vn54FalgMvOrk3QkY/xZaW988OHvdWFrPtKbZJXsh/xfskd3RDazmm3aV5+vniNIHyD+fuxNszWbl+aycn0vnlsOv6McEpjBD772AHFaxhgKdy3GME5xGnqSYlJTG2qlSJNQk8S2kyU/wRIn6</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="TJcJ/S1/wvXGfeIPau2gyI7plDo=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="GfEpYitSuN47FdiaNxRKV486S3o=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Ni1VM1VB0pJaUEVSzGsMALAy5Dw=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="mwNL57G8+U4S+Qw/HUgZuSLt7Ic=">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</latexit>

9denotes the derivative with respect to t. On the other hand, the value of Ä is not zero in general. If
Ä > 0, the photons tend to expand and gravity is not so strong there, while if Ä ≤ 0, the photons
tend to shrink, and thus, gravity is strong there. The surface σ0 is called a DTTS if Ä ≤ 0, and it
is called the marginally DTTS if the equality holds. In the above figure, the blue one is the DTTS
and the red one is the marginally DTTS. Please enjoy the sceneries of the marginally DTTSs in a two
black hole system below. When two black holes are separated, there are two marginally DTTSs eachof which encloses only one black hole. As the distance between the two black holes is made smaller,
the “common” marginally DTTS which encloses both black holes forms.

In fiscal year 2022, we published three papers [2–4] that are related to the generalization of thephoton sphere and to the nontrivial behavior of photons around a gravitational source with Prof.
Tetsuya Shiromizu (Nagoya University), Dr. Keisuke Izumi (Nagoya University), Dr. Tomikawa
Yoshimune (Tokyo Denki University), Mr. Masaya Amo (YITP at Kyoto University), and Mr. Kanjae
Lee (Nagoya University). Also in the fiscal year 2023, we submitted two works [5, 6] whose progress
was made mainly in 2022. Other than the DTTS, my collaborators have invented several generalized
concepts of the photon sphere, and each of them depicts different aspects of the gravity strength (infact, each collaborator considers that his own concept would be the best). In [2], we further extended
our concepts of the generalized photon sphere to include one parameter to specify the gravity intensity,and summarized them. In that paper, the DTTS is extended to the concept of the “transverse attractive
gravity probe surface (TAGPS)”, which has an intensity parameter γT of gravity. In that concept, weconsider the same situation as the case of the DTTS, but now we focus attention to the value of Ä/A
itself. For example, consider a situation where Ä/A is negative. As its absolute value becomes larger,
gravity can be considered to become stronger. Mathematically, a two-dimensional closed surface σ0 is
said to be a TAGPS with the parameter γT if the inequality
Ä/A ≤ (2) R(1 − γT )holds, where (2) R is the Ricci scalar of σ0 . The parameter is adjusted so that the case γT = 1 isreduced to the definition of the DTTS, and a surface with smaller γT corresponds to a surface inweaker gravity region (that is, located in a distant region from the gravitational source).
We consider the concept of the TAGPS to be actually meaningful, because it possesses someuniversal feature. Before explaining this, I would like to introduce the Penrose inequality,A ≤ 4π(2GM )2 ,where A is the area of an apparent horizon. This inequality was conjectured by Penrose through aphysical argument (1973), and it indicates that the area of an apparent horizon is bounded by thatof the horizon area of a Schwarzschild black hole with the same mass. Later, this inequality has been
proved to hold in time-symmetric initial data. In the proof, the technique of the inverse mean curvature
flow, which was introduced by Geroch in 1973, is used. Geroch introduced this technique to prove the10positive energy theorem (which states that the gravitational energy must be nonnegative under someassumption), and it was pointed out that this technique can be used to prove the Penrose inequality as
well by Jang and Wald (1977). Although Geroch’s technique was mathematically incomplete at thattime, the complete proof was given by Huisken and Ilmanen in 2001. Applying the same technique,we have succeeded in obtaining the areal inequality,A≤

4π(3GM )2,
γT2

for the area A of the TAGPS in time-symmetric initial data. In particular, in the case of γT = 1,
the area of the DTTS is bounded by that of the photon sphere of a Schwarzschild spacetime withthe same mass. The interpretation of this result is that since the strong gravity region is bounded,
the area of the boundary of that region is also bounded. As gravity becomes weaker (that is, as γT
is decreased), its region becomes larger and the area of its boundary becomes larger. Note that inmore general situations (e.g., in a space with the angular momentum), we can prove a similar areal
inequality, although its form is more complicated compared to the above one [2].
To summarize, we have succeeded in developing well-defined concepts, the TAGPS and the DTTS,
to characterize the strength of gravity. It can be expected that these concepts would play an importantrole to understand the properties of spacetimes. Because of these works, the present author received
the award of Osaka Central Advanced Mathematical Institute (OCAMI) Association Special Prize in
2022.

References[1] H. Yoshino, K. Izumi, T. Shiromizu, and Y. Tomikawa, “Transversely trapping surfaces: Dynamicalversion,” Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (2020) 023E02.
[2] K. Lee, T. Shiromizu, K. Izumi, H. Yoshino, Y. Tomikawa, “Four types of attractive gravity probesurfaces” Phys. Rev. D 106 (2022) 064028.
[3] M. Amo, K. Izumi, Y. Tomikawa, H. Yoshino, T. Shiromizu, “Asymptotic behavior of null geodesics
near future null infinity III: Photons towards inward directions,” Phys. Rev. D 106 (2022) 084007[Erratum: ibid 107 (2023) 029902].
[4] K. Izumi, Y. Tomikawa, T. Shiromizu, H. Yoshino, “Attractive gravity probe surfaces in higher
dimensions,” arXiv:2209.14124[gr-qc], accepted for publication in PTEP.
[5] M. Amo, K. Izumi, Y. Tomikawa, T. Shiromizu, H. Yoshino, “Asymptotic behavior of null geodesics
near future null infinity IV: Null-access theorem for generic asymptotically flat spacetime,” Phys. Rev.
D 107 (2023) 124050.
[6] M. Amo, K. Izumi, H. Yoshino, Y. Tomikawa, T. Shiromizu, “A generalization of photon spherebased on escape/capture cone,” arXiv:2305.11208[gr-qc].

11

5.4

Spatially-resolved observations of giant molecular clouds in the nearest spiralgalaxy M33
Kazuyuki Muraoka

The understanding of the formation process of high-mass stars (typically > 8 M ) is one of the mostimportant issues in modern astronomy because high-mass star formation eventually drives galaxy evolutions through the feedbacks such as radiation pressure, photoionization, and supernova explosions.
In the past few decades, many observational studies toward the Local Group of galaxies suggested
that giant molecular clouds (GMCs) are major sites of high-mas star formation. Thus, the detailed
study of GMC properties and the evolution of GMCs is indispensable.
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is the most powerful instrument topromote spatially-resolved (i.e., parsec-scale) studies for extragalactic GMCs owing to its exquisite sensitivity and angular resolution. We performed ALMA 1 pc-resolution observations including 12 CO(J =2 − 1), 13 CO(J = 2 − 1), and C18 O(J = 2 − 1) emission lines toward three massive GMCs (> 106 M )in M33, which is one of the nearest spiral galaxies in the Local Group. The targeted GMCs are
NGC 604-GMC, GMC-8, and GMC-16, which show different star-formation environments. NGC 604GMC is associated with the most luminous giant HII (ionized gas) region in the Local Group, and isalso associated with young (< 5 Myr) stellar clusters. GMC-16 is associated with small HII regions
and old (10 – 30 Myr) clusters, while high-mass star formation does not occur in GMC-8. The overall
distribution in 12 CO(J = 2 − 1) line for each GMC, which is previously observed by the IRAM 30 m
telescope at 49 pc resolution, is displayed in the top panel of Figure 1.
The ALMA 1 pc-resolution maps in 12 CO(J = 2−1) line emission clearly depict internal moleculargas structures within the target GMCs as shown in the bottom panel of Figure 1. In the NGC 604GMC, several shell- or arc-like CO structures in the northern field, and there exists a lot o molecularfilaments with a length of 5 – 20 pc elongated toward various directions and small (typically lessthan 10 pc) clumps in the southern field. In addition, we found C18 O(J = 2 − 1) emissions, whichcorresponds to dense clumps, in some CO shells/filaments. We examined the velocity structures of the
12 CO(J = 2 − 1) line emission in the shells and filaments containing dense clumps, and suggested thatcloud-cloud collisions induced by an external atomic gas flow and the galaxy’s rotation compressed
the molecular material into dense filaments/shells which are ongoing high-mass star formation sites.
In GMC-8, the overall internal molecular-gas structure is less filamentary: one of the remarkablefeatures in 12 CO(J = 2 − 1) line emission is a widely extended and round-shaped structure with adiameter of ∼ 50 pc. Such a morphological feature of molecular gas in GMC-8 is quite diffeferent fromthat in NGC 604-GMC. In addition, we found that the fraction of the relatively dense gas traced by
the 13 CO(J = 2 − 1) line with respect to the total molecular mass is only ∼2Considering the inactive
star formation in GMC-8, we suggest that the onset of high-mass star formation needs the growth ofcharacteristic (such as filamentary) molecular-gas structures and the increase in molecular gas density.
GMC-16 is composed of several filamentary structures both in 12 CO(J = 2−1) and 13 CO(J = 2−1)
lines. The typical length and width of the filaments are 50 – 70 pc and 5 – 6 pc, and the total mass is∼ 106 M , which are consistent with those of giant molecular filaments (GMFs) as seen in the Galactic
GMCs. We found that the elongations of the GMFs are roughly perpendicular to the direction of thegalaxy’s rotation, and several HII regions are located at the downstream side relative to the filamentswith an offset of 10 – 20 pc. These observational results indicate that the GMFs are considered to be
produced by a galactic spiral shock.
Our ALMA observations successfully revealed the parsec-scale local star formation activity inwhich the galactic scale kinematics may induce the formation of the parental filamentary clouds. The
details of these studies are reported in our series of papers ([1], [2], [3]).

12Figure 1: (top) Molecular-gas distributions in 12 CO(J = 2 − 1) line emission for NGC 604-GMC(left), GMC-8 (center), and GMC-16 (right), which are observed with the IRAM 30 m telescope at
49 pc resolution. The circles in black indicate the observed field by the ALMA. (bottom) Integrated
intensity maps in 12 CO(J = 2 − 1) line emission for NGC 604-GMC (left), GMC-8 (center), and GMC16 (right) observed by the ALMA. Internal molecular-gas structures within each GMC are clearly seen.

[1] Tokuda, K., Muraoka, K., Kondo, H., et al. ”ALMA Observations of Giant Molecular Clouds inM33. I. Resolving Star Formation Activities in the Giant Molecular Filaments Possibly Formed by a
Spiral Shock”, 2020, ApJ, 896, 36[2] Muraoka, K., Kondo, H., Tokuda, K., et al. ”ALMA Observations of Giant Molecular Cloudsin M33. II. Triggered High-mass Star Formation by Multiple Gas Colliding Events at the NGC 604
Complex”, 2020, ApJ, 903, 94[3] Kondo, H., Tokuda, K., Muraoka, K., et al. ”ALMA Observations of Giant Molecular Clouds inM33. III. Spatially Resolved Features of the Star-Formation Inactive Million-solar-mass Cloud”, 2021,
ApJ, 912, 16
13

5.5

Direct spectroscopic observations of operation processes in ionic liquid-based
LECs
Katsuichi Kanemoto

In light-emitting devices including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), the recombination process where electrons and holes meet is the most fundamental and important process. Although there
are some methods to evaluate the recombination process of OLEDs, the techniques to evaluate timeresolved measurement of the operation process has not been fully established, and its realization isimportant for the development of the field of semiconductor physics. In this study, we report on thedevelopment of a technique to directly observe the change of electronic states in a phosphorus-basedionic liquid-based light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), one of the most established light emitting
devices, during the operation process when a driving bias is applied by spectroscopic measurements.
An LEC consisting of a mixed film of luminescent polymer Super Yellow (SY) and phosphorus ionicliquid ((P816Mes: Nippon Chemical Industry) was sandwiched between a transparent ITO electrodeand a translucent Al electrode. OD) was obtained. Time-resolved measurements were performedby amplifying the output from the photodiode and then directly capturing it with a high-resolution
oscilloscope.
Figure 1 shows the results of CCD detector measurements of optical absorption when each voltage
is applied at steady state device operation. In this LEC, the current and emission rise around 0.6
V and 2.7 V, respectively, and each voltage corresponds to the injection start voltage of holes andelectrons. Therefore, the absorption signal from 1.5 to 1.7 eV that appears around 1.5 V corresponds
to the hole absorption transition. Such measurements under steady-state excitation are useful forobserving holes and electrons existing with relatively long lifetimes [1].
Figure 2 shows the results of the experiment in which the device was kept in a steady state at
2.2 V for about 5 minutes and then a square wave voltage was applied from 2.2 V to 3.8 V. The
signal at 1.8 eV and the signal at 2.35-2.40 eV slightly increased after 3 V, and this transition was
identified as an electron signal. The hole signal around 1.5 eV was generated before the luminescencebecame steady, and then it reached steady state. On the other hand, the electron signal appeared ataround 2.3 eV with a delay from the hole signal. From these results, it is inferred that in this LEC,
luminescence is generated under well-doped holes, and that electron doping progresses gradually inparallel with the luminescence. Such generation processes of holes and electrons have not ever been
experimentally observed. The establishment of these observation methods is expected to contributeto the development of semiconductor physics in the future.

14

Figure 1: (Left) Absorption spectra during steady-state bias application in LEC. The inset is anenlarged view. Figure 2: (Right) Time-resolved absorption spectra of LEC after the bias is increased
from 2.2V to 3.8V. The inset is the intensity of time-resolved electroluminescence.
[1] K. Yasuji, T. Sakanoue, F. Yonekawa, K. Kanemoto, Nat. Commu. 14, 992 (2023).

15

5.6

Collaborative works on superdiffusion scaling law and vortex-ring decay inquantum fluid
Satoshi Yui

We have studied quantum hydrodynamics in a superfluid helium-4 using theoretical and numericalmethods. In our recent papers [1,2] we collaborated with the cryogenic group of Wei Guo at Florida
State University and studied (1) the superdiffusion scaling law of quantum turbulence and (2) vortexring decay in a quantum fluid. In the following, I briefly explain the two collaborative works.
Universal superdiffusion of quantized vortices [1].— If you stir the coffee with a spoon, the milk
will be quickly mixed. The eddies in turbulence can rapidly transport embedded particles. In classicalfluid dynamics, turbulent diffusion has been extensively studied. However, for quantum turbulence,
the knowledge on turbulent diffusion is very limited. Recent developments of visualization enable us
to observe individual quantized vortices by using tracer particles. The tracer particles can be trappedby vortex filaments (core of quantized vortices) and move with the vortex filaments. Preceding experiments visualized some simple events (e.g., reconnection and Kelvin wave), but the vortex diffusion inquantum turbulence remained unknown. The vortex diffusion could be a new way to understand thephysics of quantum turbulence.
In 2021, the cryogenic group of Wei Guo at Florida State University observed the diffusion ofquantized vortices in quantum turbulence of superfluid helium-4 [3]. In the experiment, quantum
turbulence was generated by thermal counterflow and solidified deuterium particles were used tovisualize the motion of vortex filaments. The mean-square displacement ∆x2 (t) of vortex filaments
was analyzed, where ∆x denotes the displacement for the diffusion time t. The scaling law is expressedas∆x2 ∝ tγ(6)with the scaling exponent γ. The diffusion scaling is classified as the following:γ = 1 (normal diffusion),γ > 1 (superdiffusion).
The well-known Brownian motion belongs to normal diffusion because of its random motion. The
experiment found that the vortex filaments exhibit the superdiffusion with the exponent γ = 1.6
at small times. Interestingly, the scaling law transitions to normal diffusion at long times. They
argued that this transition of diffusion comes from vortex reconnection, because the reconnection
randomizes vortex motion. The scaling exponent were insensitive to the vortex line density and thetemperature. Such a universal scaling law could be a new way to understand quantum turbulence.
However, the origin of superdiffusion was not clear and the temperature range of the experiment waslimited, specifically 1.7-2.0 K.
In such a situation, the cryogenic group of Wei Guo asked us to investigate the diffusion of quantizedvortices by using numerical simulation. We performed the simulations of the vortex filament model
to investigate the diffusion scaling. To investigate the diffusion in wide temperature range, we planed
to perform the simulations of the two cases:(a) vortex injection at 0 K (pure superfluid),(b) thermal counterflow above 1 K.
First, we analyzed quantum turbulence at 0 K. In this case, the normal-fluid component vanishes,
and the thermal counterflow cannot be induced. Then, we made quantum turbulence by a continuous
16

Figure 1: Quantum turbulence obtained by our simulation of the ring injection at 0 K. The blue lines
show the vortex filaments and the red spheres show the tracer points.
injection of vortex rings. At 0 K, the motion of vortex filaments is described by the Biot–Savart law:Zds
κ(s1 − s) × ds1= vs (s) =
.
(7)
dt
4π L
|s1 − s|3
Here, s denotes the position of vortex filaments, vs denotes the superfluid velocity, κ denotes thequantum of circulation, and the integral is performed along the all vortex filaments. In these simulations, the tracer particles are injected into the computational box to trace the trajectories of vortex
filaments. Figure 1 shows the typical snapshot of quantum turbulence (i.e., tangle of vortex filaments)
obtained by our simulation. As a result, our simulations confirmed the superdiffusion scaling law∆x2 ∝ tγ with the exponent γ = 1.6 at small times. The normal diffusion at large times was also
obtained and was related to the reconnection. We further made the theoretical insight on the scaling
law by connecting the temporal correlation of the vortex velocity to the diffusion scaling.
Second, we performed the simulation for a thermal counterflow above 1 K. At finite temperatures,the two-fluid components coexist and the mutual friction between them arises. Thus, above 1 K, thevortex motion becomesds= vs + αs0 × (vn − vs ) − α0 s0 × [s0 × (vn − vs )],dt(8)where α and α0 refer to the temperature-dependent parameters for the mutual friction, and vn denotes
the normal-fluid velocity. As a result, we confirmed that the scaling law is almost sustained above
1 K, and the obtained results were consistent with the experiment. Thus, we can conclude that thesuperdiffusion scaling law is a universal law for quantum turbulence.
Vortex-ring decay [2]. In superfluid helium-4, the two-fluid components coexist. When the vortex
filaments move, the mutual friction between the two fluids occurs. The origin of the mutual frictionis the scattering between the core of quantized vortex and the thermal excitations. Understanding
the mutual friction should be important for fields of various quantum fluids. However, the detailsof the mutual friction remains unclear and there are various models for the mutual friction. Whichmodel describes real dynamics of quantized vortex? This is a long standing problem in quantum
hydrodynamics.
The cryogenic group of Wei Guo and we cooperatively studied a vortex-ring decay to evaluate
the models of the mutual friction. The vortex ring propagates due to the self-induced velocity and17shrinks due to the mutual friction. This vortex-ring decay is one of the most fundamental dynamics
in quantum hydrodynamics. In the experiment, the solidified deuterium particles were injected tovisualize the vortex ring. On the other hand, we performed the simulation using the different models.
Here, we used the coupled simulation of the quantized vortices and the normal fluid, which has recently
been developed [4,5]. We compared the simulation results of the different models with the visualization
result. As a result, we found one model agrees well with the visualization results.

References[1] S. Yui, Y. Tang, W. Guo, H. Kobayashi, and M. Tsubota, “Universal anomalous diffusion ofquantized vortices in ultraquantum turbulence”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 025301 (2022).
[2] Y. Tang, W. Guo, H. Kobayashi, S. Yui, M. Tsubota, and T. Kanai, “Imaging quantized vortex
rings in superfluid helium to evaluate quantum dissipation”, Nature Communications 14, 2941
(2023).
[3] Y. Tang, S. Bao, and W. Guo, “Superdiffusion of quantized vortices uncovering scaling laws inquantum turbulence”, PNAS 118, e2021957118 (2021).
[4] S. Yui, H. Kobayashi, M. Tsubota, and W. Guo, “Fully coupled two-fluid dynamics in superfluid
4 He: Anomalous anisotropic velocity fluctuations in counterflow”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 155301(2020).
[5] L. Galantucci, A. W. Baggaley, C. F. Barenghi, and G. Krstulovic, “A new self-consistent approach of quantum turbulence in superfluid helium”, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 135, 547 (2020).

18

5.7

Three-body Fermi-liquid corrections in Kondo systems
Yoshimichi Teratani, Kazuhiko Tsutsumi, and Akira Oguri

Universal low-energy behavior of interacting Fermi systems has been one of the most fascinating
properties in condensed matter physics. Landau’s Fermi liquid theory [1,2] phenomenologically explains transport properties of electrons in a wide class of metals and normal liquid 3 He successfully,
and may also be applied to exotic systems such as neutron stars and ultra-cold Fermi gases. It starts
with an expansion of the excitation energy δE of many-body eigenstates with respect to the deviationof the momentum distribution function δnpσ of quasiparticles from its ground-state value:δE[npσ ] =Xεp δnpσ +pσ1X
f0 0 δnpσ δnp0 σ 0 + · · · .
2 pσ p σ,p σ
p0 σ 0The expansion coefficients, i.e., the single quasiparticle energy εp and the interaction between quasiparticles fp σ,p0 σ0 , can be expressed microscopically in terms of the Green’s function and the vertex
corrections, defined in the quantum field theory.
In 1970s, Nozières extended the phenomenological Fermi-liquid description to the Kondo systems
expanding the scattering phase shift in a way that is analogous to the above equation [3]. Fully
microscopic description was also constructed by Yamada and Yosida [4,5], and it has been extended
later to out-of-equilibrium quantum dots driven by a bias voltage V [6,7]. The phenomenology andmicroscopic theories complement each other and explain the universal behavior at temperatures T
much lower than the Kondo energy scale TK . In particular, these theories were successful in a highly
symmetric case where the system has both the particle-hole (PH) and time-reversal (TR) symmetries:
in this case the quadratic ω 2 , T 2 and (eV )2 corrections emerge only through the life time of quasiparticles, with ω the frequency. However, when the PH or TR symmetry is broken by external fields
or other potentials, the quadratic corrections emerge also in the energy shifts of quasiparticles which
are necessary to describe exactly the next-leading order terms around to the Fermi-liquid fixed point.
What is it that determines the energy shifts of the quadratic order? It has been left as an unresolved
problem for over forty years.
The answer to this long-standing problem has been given recently in two complemental ways: onealong Nozières’ description [8–10] and the other along that of Yamada and Yosida using the higer-order
Ward identities [11]. It reveals the fact that the quadratic quasiparticle energy shift can be expressed[3]completely in terms of the static two-body χσσ0 and thee-body χσ1 σ2 σ3 correlation functions, definedwith respect to the equilibrium ground state:
Z 1/T
χσσ0 = limdτ hδndσ (τ ) δndσ0 i ,δndσ = ndσ − hndσ i ,
T →0

χ[3]
σ1 σ2 σ3 = − lim0

Z 1/T Z 1/Tdτ3dτ2 Tτ δndσ3 (τ3 ) δndσ2 (τ2 ) δndσ1 .

T →0 00Here, ndσ is the occupation number of an localized level with spin σ of the Anderson impurity model,
and Tτ is the imaginary-time ordering operator. The quasiparticle energy shifts of order ω 2 , T 2 and(eV )2 contribute to the next leading-order terms of the transport coefficients, such as the nonlinear
conductance, the current noise, and thermal conductivity. We gave a complete microscopic Fermiliquid description for the low-energy transport, which is asymptotically exact up to the next-leading
order and has potential applications [11–15]. We have also carried out calculations of the three-bodycorrelation functions for a wide class of quantum impurity systems, using Wilson’s numerical normalization group approach. Recently, the three-body contributions have experimentally been deduced
from the nonlinear conductance at finite magnetic fields, and the results show a reasonable agreementwith the theory [16].
19[1] L. D. Landau, Sov. Phys. JETP 3, 920 (1957).
[2] A. J. Leggett, Rev. Mod. Phys. 47, 331 (1975).
[3] P. Nozières, J. Low Temp. Phys. 17, 31 (1974).
[4] K. Yosida and K. Yamada, Prog. Theor. Phys. 53, 1286 (1975).
[5] K. Yamada, Prog. Theor. Phys. 54, 316 (1975).
[6] S. Hershfield, J. H. Davies, and J. W. Wilkins, Phys. RevḂ 46, 7046 (1992).
[7] A. Oguri, Phys. Rev. B 64, 153305 (2001).
[8] C. Mora, P. Vitushinsky, X. Leyronas, A. A. Clerk, and K. Le Hur, Phys. Rev. B 80, 155322 (2009).
[9] C. Mora, C. P. Moca, J. von Delft, and G. Zaránd, Phys. Rev. B 92, 075120 (2015).
[10] M. Filippone, C. P. Moca, A. Weichselbaum, J. von Delft, and C. Mora, Phys. Rev. B 98, 075404 (2018).
[11] A. Oguri and A. C. Hewson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 126802 (2018).
[12] Y. Teratani, R. Sakano, and A. Oguri, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 216801 (2020).
[13] K. Tsutsumi, Y. Teratani, R. Sakano, and A. Oguri, Phys. Rev. B 104, 235147 (2021).
[14] A. Oguri, Y. Teratani, K. Tsutsumi, and R. Sakano, Phys. Rev. B 105, 115409 (2022).
[15] K. Tsutsumi, Y. Teratani, K. Motoyama, R. Sakano, and A. Oguri, Phys. Rev. B 108, 045109 (2023).
[16] T. Hata, Y. Teratani, T. Arakawa, S. Lee, M. Ferrier, R. Deblock, R. Sakano, A. Oguri, and K. Kobayashi,Nat. Commun. 12, 3233 (2021).

20

6

CONFERENCES & WORKSHOPS

6.1

Conferences/Symposia/Workshops organized by NITEP

1. The international workshop Space-time topology behind formation of micro-macro magnetovortical structure manifested by Nambu mechanics, 28 September - 1 October 2020, Media
Center, Osaka Metropolitan University. (co-organized).
2. The international workshop “Elementary Particle Phenomenology Workshop 2020”, 26-28 November 2020, Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University.
3. The international workshop “Randomness, Integrability and Representation Theory in Quantum
Field Theory 2021”, 22-25 March 2021, Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University.
4. The international workshop “Helicity and space-time symmetry � a new perspective of classicaland quantum systems”, 5-8 October 2021, Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University. (coorganized)
5. The international workshop “Elementary Particle Phenomenology Workshop 2021”, 6-8 November 2021, Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University.
6. The international workshop “East Asia Symposium on Fields and Strings 2021”, 22-27 November
2021, Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University.
7. The international workshop “Particle Physics and Gravitational Waves”, 22 February 2022,
Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University.
8. The international workshop “Geometry, Representation Theory and Quantum Field”, 22-25
March 2022, Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University. (co-organized by NITEP and
OCAMI)
9. The international workshop “Recent progress in nuclear cluster physics”, 19-20 October 2022,
Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University.
10. The international workshop “Elementary Particle Phenomenology Workshop 2022”, 16-18 March
2023, Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University.

6.2

Conferences/Symposia/Workshops supported by NITEP

1. The international workshop “Randomness, Integrability and Representation Theory in Quantum
Field Theory 2021”, 22-25 March 2021, Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University. (cosponsored by NITEP and OCAMI)
2. The international workshop “East Asia Symposium on Fields and Strings 2021”, 22-27 November
2021, Media Center, Osaka Metropolitan University.

21

7

MEETINGS & SEMINARS

7.1

Lectures

1. 5th NITEP Lecture Series: Hideki Ishihara (NITEP), Introduction to Nuclear Reaction Theory.
6 February 2023, 9:45-18:45, Large Seminar Room of Umeda Satellite, Osaka Metropolitan
University.

7.2

Seminars

1. dummyr:dummy

7.3

Joint Monthly Meetings of Nuclear Theory Lab. and Ultracold Quantum Gas
Lab.

1. 9th Meeting: Kohei Kato, Study of a small number of systems with cooled atoms. (29 May
2020, 13:00-15:00, Zoom).
2. 10th Meeting: Yohei Chiba, α cluster structure in the ground state of atomic nucleus. (30 June
2020, 13:00-15:00, Zoom).

7.4

NITEP Joint Seminar of Mathematical Physics and Particle Physics

1. Nagisa Hiroshima (University of Toyama), Modeling evolution of dark matter substructure andannihilation boost, 1 December 2020, 16:30-, 4th Lecture Room (F205).
2. Takahiro Nishinaka (Osaka City University), Peculiar relations between Argyres-Douglas theories and Lagrangian theories, 13 May 2021, 10:00-, Zoom.
3. Toshifumi Noumi (Kobe University), Swampland conjectures and gravitational positivity, 1 July
2021, 10:00-, Zoom.
4. Nobuchika Okada (University of Alabama), Non-Local extension of the Standard Model, 5 August 2021, 10:00-, Zoom.
5. Tomoki Nosaka (SISSA), M2-branes and discrete Painleve systems, 9 September 2021, 9:00-,
Zoom.
6. Teppei Kitahara (Nagoya University), Constructing Massive Scattering Amplitudes for Electroweak Effective Field Theory, 9 October 2021, 10:00-, Zoom.
7. Yutaka Yoshida (University of Tokyo), Monopole bubbling and BPS ’t Hooft operators in three,four, and five dimensions, 12 November 2021, 10:00-, Zoom.
8. Tatsuma Nishioka (Osaka University), CFT duals of three-dimensional de Sitter gravity, 13 June
2022, 9:00-, Zoom.
9. Tomo Takahashi (Saga University) , Probing the early Universe with 21cm line, 22 June 2022,
9:00-, Zoom.
10. Yuta Hamada (KEK) , Swampland conjectures of quantum gravity, 27 June 2022, 9:00-, Zoom.
11. Yoshifumi Nakata (University of Tokyo), Information Paradox of Black Holes and Quantum
Information -Quantum Error Correction in Quantum Chaotic Systems-, 4 July 2022, 9:00-,
Zoom.
22

12. Masaki Yamada (Tohoku University), On the origin of matter in the universe and transport
equations: Spontaneous/wash-in baryogenesis, 6 July 2022, 9:00-, Zoom.
13. Masaki Yamada (Tohoku University), On the origin of (dark) matter in the universe and nontopological solitons: Affleck-Dine baryogenesis and Q-ball, 13 July 2022, 9:00-, Zoom.
14. Norihiro Iizuka (Osaka University), Black holes and superstring theory, 1 August 2022, 9:00-,
Zoom.
15. Masako Iwasaki (Osaka Metropolitan University), Applying machine learning to particle physics
experiments, 11 January 2023, 9:00-, Zoom.

7.5

NITEP Colloquium

1. 9th Colloquium: Futoshi Nimato (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), Frontiers and applications of
nuclear physics via beta decay. 10 December 2020, 13:20-15:00, Zoom.
2. 10th NITEP Colloquium: Takeshi Mizushima (Osaka University), Thermal spin transport phenomena in topological superconductivity and superfluidity. 14 December 2020, 15:15-16:30,
Zoom.
3. 11th NITEP Colloquium: Yu-ichiro Sekiguchi (Toho University), The universe explored by gravitational waves 15 December 2020, 15:30-17:00, Zoom.
4. 12th NITEP Colloquium: Jun Takeda (Yokohama National University), Extreme spatio-temporal
spectroscopy with subcycle near-field. 17 December 2020, 16:30-18:00, Zoom.
5. 13th NITEP Colloquium: Atsuhiko Ochi (Kobe University), Particle beam analyzer for energy
frontier experiments. 20 January 2021, 16:30-18:00, Zoom.
6. 14th NITEP Colloquium: Daisuke Ida (Gakushuin University), Why there is no black string infour-dimentional space-time. 27 January 2021, 13:20-15:00, Zoom.
7. 15th NITEP Colloquium: Yoshimichi Teratani (Osaka City University), Roles of three-bodycorrelations on nonlinear current and noise through multilevel Anderson impurity. 28 April
2021, 16:00-17:30, Zoom.
8. 16th NITEP Colloquium: Takahiro Nishinaka (Osaka City University), Supersymmetry andmathematical physics. 27 October 2021, 17:10-18:40, the Room for Cultural Exchange of theMedia Center.
9. 17th NITEP Colloquium: Yutaka Ohira (Tokyo University), Origin of first cosmic rays andcosmic magnetic fields. 10 November 2021, 16:00-18:00.
10. 18th NITEP Colloquium: Takashi Ino (KEK), Neutron lifetime measurements and neutron
fundamental physics research at J-PARC. 14 December 2021, 16:00-17:30, E211 Lecture Roomof the Faculty of Science.
11. 19th NITEP Colloquium: Wataru Horiuchi (Osaka Metropolitan Univercity), Study of nuclear
structure and reactions using few-body quantum mechanical methods.
Naoyuki Itagaki (Osaka Metropolitan Univercity), Mixing of different depictions of nuclear structure and the role of non-central forces. 7 July 2022, 10:45-12:25, Zoom.

2312. 20th NITEP Colloquium: Ritsuki Inoue (Osaka Prefecture University), Search for solvable potentials by extensions of supersymmetric quantum mechanics.
Zhanna Kuznetsova (Federal University of ABC (UFABC)) Beyond the tenfold way: 13 associative Z2*Z2-graded superdivision algebras.
Francesco Toppan (Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF)) First quantization of
braided Majorana fermions. 8 July 2022, 13:00-15:50, A13-306 Meeting Room of the Faculty of
Science.
13. 21th NITEP Colloquium: Naoyuki Haba (Osaka Metropolitan Univercity), Exploring new physics
beyond the Standard Model. 15 July 2022, 13:15-14:05, Zoom.
14. 22th NITEP Colloquium: Mikio Koyano (JAIST), Electron Transport Phenomena and Thermoelectric Properties of Transition Metal Dicargenides in Microdomains. 30 August 2022, 15:0016:30, Science hall of A12.
15. 23th NITEP Colloquium: Hajime Nanjo (Osaka University), New particle physics probed by K
mesons. 27 September 2022, 16:30-17:30, E108 Meeting Room of the Faculty of Science.
16. 24th NITEP Colloquium: Tetsuya Shiromizu (Nagoya University), The power and attractivenessof the positive energy theorem of space-time. 18 October 2022, 16:30-17:30, E211 Lecture Roomof the Faculty of Science.
17. 25th NITEP Colloquium: Toshihiro Fujii (Osaka Metropolitan University), Toward the development of cosmic ray science. Hirotaka Yoshino (Osaka Metropolitan University), On the physics
of gravitational fields. 31 October 2022, 16:45-18:25, Zoom.
18. 26th NITEP Colloquium: Ken-Ichiro Imura (Institute of Industrial Science, the University ofTokyo), Physics of non-hermitian quantum systems. 15 November 2022, 16:00-17:30, E211
Lecture Room of the Faculty of Science.
19. 27th NITEP Colloquium: Takeshi FUkuhara (RIKEN), Condensed matter research with quantum gas microscopy. 6 December 2022, 16:30-18:00, E108 Meeting Room of the Faculty of
Science.
20. 28th NITEP Colloquium: Yoshiharu Kawamura (Shinshu University), On the mystery of generation in the standard model 7 December 2022, 15:00-16:30, E101 Lecture Room of the Facultyof Science.
21. 29th NITEP Colloquium: Saoshi Iso (KEK), Relativistic quantum observation problem anddecoherence associated with particle generation 23 December 2022, 15:00-16:30, Science hall ofA12.
22. 30th NITEP Colloquium: Shin-ichiro Iwai (Tohoku University), Strongly correlated attosecond
electron dynamics pioneered by single-cycle 6 fs optical strong electric field 7 February 2023,
16:45-18:15, Science hall of A12.

7.6

Public Symposium

1. Special Seminar for Citizens 2022 “Physics in the 21st Century” was held on November 12,
with three lectures by NITEP members Katsuichi Kanemoto, Nobuhito Maru, and Kazuyuki
Muraoka. 12 November 2022, 15:00-17:40, the large lecture theater of Tanaka Memorial Hall,
Osaka Metropolitan University.
24

8

PUBLICATIONS

8.1

Books

1. Sanefumi Moriyama, “M-Theory and the Matrix Model – SGC Library 158,” SAIENSU-SHA
Co., Ltd (2020), ISBN 4781914764
2. Nagisa Hiroshima (Chap.4), “Reading the World through the Window of Mathematics” Tetsuo
Hatsuda et al. (eds.), Iwanami Shoten, Publishers (2021), ISBN 9784005009435

8.2

Research Papers

1. Yoshiko Kanada-En’yo, Yuki Shikata, Yohei Chiba, Kazuyuki Ogata, “Neutron dominance inexcited states of 26 Mg and 10 Be probed by proton and α inelastic scattering,” Phys. Rev. C 102,014607 [17 pages] (2020) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.102.014607
2. Yoshiko Kanada-En’yo, Kazuyuki Ogata, “Microscopic calculation of proton and alpha-particle
inelastic scattering to study the excited states of 6 He and 8 He,” arXiv:2004.14597 [nucl-th]
3. Sosuke Inui, Makoto Tsubota, “Spherically symmetric formation of localized vortex tangle
around a heat source in superfluid 4 He,” Phys. Rev. B 101, 214511 [8 pages] (2020) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.101.214511
4. Nguyen Tri Toan Phuc, Mengjiao Lyu, Yohei Chiba, Kazuyuki Ogata, “Manifestation of thedivergence between antisymmetrized-molecular-dynamics and container pictures of 9 Be
via 9 Be(p, pn)8 Be knockout reaction,” Phys. Lett. B 819, 136466 [6 pages] (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136466
5. Jagjit Singh, Takuma Matsumoto, Kazuyuki Ogata, “Systematic study on the role of various
higher-order processes in the breakup of weakly-bound projectiles,” PTEP 2021, 073D01 [15pages] (2021) https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptab055
6. Sacha Davidson, Yoshitaka Kuno, Yuichi Uesaka, Masato Yamanaka, “Probing µeγγ contact
interactions with µ → e conversion,” Phys. Rev. D 102, 115043 [12 pages] (2020) https://doi.
org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.115043
7. Sanefumi Moriyama, “Spectral theories and topological strings on del Pezzo geometries,”
JHEP 2020, 154 [55 pages] (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2020)154
8. Yoshiki Chazono, Kenichi Yoshida, Kazuki Yoshida, Kazuyuki Ogata, “Proton-induced deuteronknockout reaction as a probe of an isoscalar proton-neutron pair in nuclei,” Phys. Rev. C 103,
24609 [7 pages] (2021) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.024609
9. R. U. Abbasi, et al. (Telescope Array Collaboration), including S. Ogio and Y. Tsunesada,“Search for point sources of ultra-high-energy photons with the Telescope Array surface detector,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, Issue 3, 3984–3993 (2020)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3618
10. R. U. Abbasi, et al. (Telescope Array Collaboration), including S. Ogio and Y. Tsunesada,“Search for Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos with the Telescope Array Surface Detector,” JETP 158,
8(2) (2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/S0044451020080052

25

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294. C. Beleño et al. [The Belle Collaboration, including M. Iwasaki and E. Nakano], “Measurementof the branching fraction of the decay B + → π + π − l+ νl in fully reconstructed events at Belle,”
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297. S. H. Park et al. [The Belle Collaboration, including M. Iwasaki and E. Nakano], “Search forthe dark photon in B 0 → A0 A0 , A0 → e+ e− , µ+ µ− , and π + π − decays at Belle,” JHEP 04, 191(2021) doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2021)191 [arXiv:2012.02538 [hep-ex]].
298. J. T. McNeil et al. [The Belle Collaboration, including M. Iwasaki and E. Nakano], “Measurement of the resonant and nonresonant branching ratios in Ξ0c → Ξ0 K + K − ,” Phys. Rev. D 103,
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302. Y. B. Li et al. [The Belle Collaboration, including M. Iwasaki and E. Nakano], “Measurements ofthe branching fractions of the semileptonic decays Ξ0c → Ξ− `+ ν` and the asymmetry parameter ofΞ0c → Ξ− π + ,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, no.12, 121803 (2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.121803[arXiv:2103.06496 [hep-ex]].
303. Y. Guan et al. [The Belle Collaboration, including M. Iwasaki and E. Nakano], “Measurementof branching fractions and CP asymmetries for Ds+ → K + (η, π 0 ) and Ds+ → π + (η, π 0 ) decays at
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305. F. Abudinén et al. [The Belle-II Collaboration, including M. Iwasaki and E. Nakano], “Searchfor B + → K + ν ν̄ Decays Using an Inclusive Tagging Method at Belle II,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 127,
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306. Y. Li et al. [The Belle Collaboration, including M. Iwasaki and E. Nakano], “Evidence for the decay Ω0c → π + Ω(2012)− → π + (K̄Ξ)− ,” Phys. Rev. D 104, no.5, 052005 (2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.052005 [arXiv:2106.00892 [hep-ex]].
307. L. K. Li et al. [The Belle Collaboration, including M. Iwasaki and E. Nakano], “Measurement ofbranching fractions and search for CP violation in D0 → π + π − η, D0 → K + K − η, and D0 → φη
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49

9

MEMBERS

Director

Hiroshi Itoyama, NITEP, Professor with term

Deputy Director

Nobuyuki Kanda, NITEP, Professor

Research Scientists

Hideki Ishihara, NITEP, Professor with term
Hiroshi Itoyama, NITEP, Professor with term (Director)
Nobuyuki Kanda, NITEP, Professor (Deputy Director)
Katsuichi Kanemoto, NITEP, Professor
Nobuhito Maru, NITEP, Professor
Takahiro Sawada, NITEP, Lecturer with term
Hiromitsu Takeuchi, NITEP, Lecturer

Concurrent Research Scientists

Naruhiko Aizawa, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Masaki Arima, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Global Education, Professor
Yohei Chiba, Graduate School of Science, Assistant Professor with term
Toshihiro Fujii, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Savannah Garmon, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Naoyuki Haba, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Hiromitsu Hamabata, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Wataru Horiuchi, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Yuko Hosokoshi, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Takuya Iida, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Shin Inouye, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Hiroki Ishibashi, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Osamu Ishikawa, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Naoyuki Itagaki, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Yousuke Itoh, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Masako Iwasaki, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Kazuki Kanki, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Taketoshi Kawai, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Atsuko Kosuga, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Yoshiki Kubota, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Hiroyuki Maezawa, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Chihiro Matsuoka, Graduate School of Engineering, Professor
Kohji Mizoguchi, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Tsuyoshi Mizuguchi, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Sanefumi Moriyama, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Kazuyuki Muraoka, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Eiichi Nakano, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Ken-ichi Nakao, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Yuunori Nishikawa, Graduate School of Science, Lecturer
Takahiro Nishinaka, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Kenichi Noba, Graduate School of Science, Lecturer
Satoru Noguchi, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Ken Obara, Graduate School of Science, Lecturer
50

Kazuyuki Ogata, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor(Cross appointment with Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University)
Shoichi Ogio, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Akira Oguri, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Toshikazu Onishi, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Toshio Ono, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Goro Oohata, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Takeshi Oota, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor with term
Koichi Sato, Graduate School of Science, Lecturer with term
Yoshihiro Seiya, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Mitsuru Sugisaki, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Satoshi Tanaka, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Makoto Tsubota, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Yoshiki Tsunesada, Graduate School of Science, Professor
Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Masato Yamanaka, Graduate School of Science, Assistant Professor with term
Hideo Yano, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Hirotaka Yoshino, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor
Munekazu Horikoshi, Graduate School of Science, Associate Professor

Endowed Course: Laser Cooled Atom Lab

Shin Inouye, Graduate School of Science, Professor (Concurrent with the NITEP researcher)
Kohei Kato, Graduate School of Science, Assistant Professor with term

Concurrent Post Researchers

Hiroyuki Sakuragi, Vice President (Graduate School of Science)

Research Fellows

Yoshimichi Teratani, Graduate School of Science, Assistant Professor with term
Natsuki Teshima, Graduate School of Science, Assistant Professor with term
Kazuhiko Tsutsumi, NITEP, Assistant Professor with term
Satoshi Yui, Graduate School of Science, Assistant Professor with term

Special Researchers

Hidetoshi Awata, Graduate School of Mathematics, Nagoya University
Keitaro Fujita, Graduate School of Science
Takuya Hirose, NITEP
Nagisa Hiroshima, School of Science, University of Toyama
Hiroyuki Kanno, Graduate School of Mathematics, Nagoya University
Rosa Mayta Palacios,
Reiji Yoshioka, Osaka City Advanced Mathematical Institute51

Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP),
Osaka City University,
3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
https://www.nitep.osaka-cu.ac.jp/en/index.html