URBAN SEARCH AND RESCUEBY JAPANESE FIRE SERVICEORGANIZATION
Fukuoka City Fire Prevention Bureau
Toru Umezaki
福岡市消防局

梅崎徹
1
7. Dec, 2017

発表内容 (Contents)
１ 都市型捜索救助（Urban Search and Rescue)
２ 地下鉄火災（Subway Fire)

2

Introduction
FukuokaTokyo

Kuala Lumpur

3

Fukuoka City

Business Complexes

International Airport

SubwayPort Facilities

4

Fukuoka City
Fire Prevention Bureau
Population

156 million

Staff of Bureau

1,080

Fire Station

Headquarter
1
Fire Station
7
Branch Station 24

Fire （2016）

283

Ambulance Attendance （2016）

76,141

Rescue Service Attendance （2016） 2,0655都市型捜索救助- Urban Search and Rescue -6

Epicenter and Magnitude2006 ~ 20152016 ~ 20177

Large Scale Earthquakes– Recently happened in JapanYear

Earthquake

Magnitude

Death & Missing

2016

Kumamoto Earthquake

6.5

160

2011

Great East Japan Earthquake

9.0

15,6902007

Niigataken Chuetsu-Oki
Earthquake

6.8

68

2004

Niigataken Chuetsu Earthquake

6.8

40

2003

Tokachi Oki Earthquake

8.0

48

1995

Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake

7.2

6,418

1993

Hokkaidō Nansei Oki
Earthquake

7.8

230

*Earthquakes with more than 10 causalities are picked up
on the table above.

8

Nankai Trough Earthquake

Likelihood of Earthquake at M7-8 within 30 Years：70％

9Tokyo Inland Earthquake

Likelihood of Earthquake at M7 within 30 Years：70％

10Enhancement of Rescue Technic
Expertise Group on Enhancing Rescue Technic
2008

Shoring at collapsed building

2009

Shoring to Wooden Frame Construction

2010

Rescue at Buckled / Collapsed Reinforced Building – Technic

2011

Rescue at Collapsed Construction – Operation

11

Urban Search & Rescue
Task Force○ Structural Rescue： 構造物からの救助○ Structural Collapse： 構造物の倒壊○ Confined Space Rescue ： 閉鎖空間・瓦礫の中の救助○ Swift Water Rescue Technician ： 急流救助技術者○ K-9 ： 災害救助犬

12

2010

Guideline; Rescue at Buckled /Collapsed Reinforced Building -Technic
米国の都市型捜索救助隊 US&R
【Urban Search & Rescue Task Force 】

１ 安全管理 Safety Management
２ 情報収集 Information Gathering
３ 人命検索 Search
４ 進入・退出路確保 Entry Space
５ 危険要因の排除 Removal of Risk Factors
６ 救出・救助 Rescue
７ 観察・応急手当 Medical Observation & Care

13

2010

Guideline; Rescue at Buckled /Collapsed Reinforced Building -Technic
米国の都市型捜索救助隊 US&R
【Urban Search & Rescue Task Force 】

１ 安全管理 Safety Management
２ 情報収集 Information Gathering
３ 人命検索 Search
４ 進入・退出路確保 Entry Space
５ 危険要因の排除 Removal of Risk Factors
６ 救出・救助 Rescue
７ 観察・応急手当 Medical Observation & Care14

1. Safety Management
Must-to-Do things before Starting Rescue Activity

1. Base of Operation

2. Identifying of Dangerous Zone

Ear Plug

3. Sharing of Operation Principle

4. PPE

15

1. Safety Management
Risk Factors

Physical Factors

・ Another collapse by aftershocks
・ Unstable structures
・ Glass chips
・ Reinforcing steel exposed
・ Object falling

Environmental
Factors

・ Dust and asbestos
・ Oxygen lacking
・ Leaks (gas, hazmat etc.)
・ Electricity leak16

1. Safety Management
Safety Monitoring with Device

Earthquake AlarmGas Detector

17

2010

Guideline; Rescue at Buckled /Collapsed Reinforced Building -Technic
米国の都市型捜索救助隊 US&R
【Urban Search & Rescue Task Force 】

１ 安全管理 Safety Management

２ 情報収集 Information Gathering
３ 人命検索 Search
４ 進入・退出路確保 Entry Space
５ 危険要因の排除 Removal of Risk Factors
６ 救出・救助 Rescue
７ 観察・応急手当 Medical Observation & Care18

2. Information Gathering
Prior to Operation

Weather Information

Situation on Site19

2. Information Gathering
On-Site Information Gathering

1. Possible Victims
Possibility of victims inside building, hearing from residents, neighbors
and witnesses

2. Structure
Draw layout map of inside of collapsed building based on hearing frompeople living in

3. Other Rescue Teams
Activities by other rescue teams and first responders and sharing info witheach other4. Risk Factors
Further buckling, crack on and tilt of building under operation

5. Hazmat Evaluation
Leakage of electricity, gas, gasoline and radiation

6. Aftershock
Reconsideration of operation principle through information gathering after
aftershock happens

20

2010

Guideline; Rescue at Buckled /Collapsed Reinforced Building -Technic
米国の都市型捜索救助隊 US&R
【Urban Search & Rescue Task Force 】

１ 安全管理 Safety Management
２ 情報収集 Information Gathering

３ 人命検索 Search
４ 進入・退出路確保 Entry Space
５ 危険要因の排除 Removal of Risk Factors
６ 救出・救助 Rescue
７ 観察・応急手当 Medical Observation & Care21

3. Search
Hailing to Possible Victims

1. Silent Time
2. Search Formation
3. Hailing with Loud
Speaker
4. Keep Silent
5. Listen Attentively

22

3. Search
Search with Instruments

Video Scope
Filming the inside situation
with a small camera equipped
at the top of the scope
・ Temperature Sensor
・ Sound Concentrating
Microphone
・ Gas Detector
・ Air Supply
・ Lighting

23

3. Search
Search with Instruments

Underground Sound Detector
Signalize victim’s voice orvibration for detection
・ Sonic Sensor
Communication with survivor
in need of help
・ Vibration Sensor
Vibration gets visible onscreen even if small

24

3. Search
Search with Instruments

Carbon Dioxide Surveying
Instruments

Detection of carbon dioxide
generated from breathing
Detection of the ammonia
emitted from body wastes

25

3. Search
Search with Instruments

Electromagnetic Wave
Surveying Instruments
Detect cancer work or heart
pulse of survivors by radiating
electromagnetic waves
Possible to detect multiple
victims in wide space

26

2010

Guideline; Rescue at Buckled /Collapsed Reinforced Building -Technic
米国の都市型捜索救助隊 US&R
【Urban Search & Rescue Task Force 】

１ 安全管理 Safety Management
２ 情報収集 Information Gathering
３ 人命検索 Search

４ 進入・退出路確保 Entry Space
５ 危険要因の排除 Removal of Risk Factors
６ 救出・救助 Rescue
７ 観察・応急手当 Medical Observation & Care27

4. Entry Space
鉄筋コンクリートの破壊技術
Breaching Reinforced Concrete
区分

内容

Dirty Breaching

Quickly penetrate vertically below to a void
space, allowing debris to fall into the void space,when victim is not entrapped close floor or wall

Clean Breaching

Penetrate vertically below to a void space,preventing debris to fall into the void space,when victim is entrapped near floor or wall28

4. Entry Space
鉄筋コンクリートの破壊技術要領
Breaching Reinforced Concrete - Procedure
Place hole on surface with hammer drill toinsert camera of video scope

Measure dimension of concrete

Drilling hole on surface– “Searching Hole”

Confirm existence of victim entrapped or
not behind concrete barrier with camera
No Existence
Dirty Breaching

Existence
Clean Breaching29

4. Entry Space
Dirty Breaching Vertically Below
SearchingHole

1. Marking & Cutting in section

2. Penetration

3. Chipping & Hammering

4. Cutting of reinforcing steel30

4. Entry Space
Clean Breaching Vertically Below

1. Penetration & Marking

3. Cutting & Chipping

2. Prevent concrete from falling into

4. Remove concrete

31

2010

Guideline; Rescue at Buckled /Collapsed Reinforced Building -Technic
米国の都市型捜索救助隊 US&R
【Urban Search & Rescue Task Force 】

１ 安全管理 Safety Management
２ 情報収集 Information Gathering
３ 人命検索 Search
４ 進入・退出路確保 Entry Space

５ 危険要因の排除 Removal of Risk Factors
６ 救出・救助 Rescue
７ 観察・応急手当 Medical Observation & Care32

5. Removal of Risk Factors
Timber Shoring

Raking Shoring

Spot Shoring

Window Shoring, Door Shoring

Sloped Floor Shoring33

5. Removal of Risk Factors
Shoring with Rescue Shoring Tools

Rescue Shoring
Tools

MeritsDemerits

・Easy to set up – quick
composition

・ Necessary to disassemble

・ Collapse could happen when・Easy to master way to build
disassemblingup

34

5. Removal of Risk Factors
Timber Cribbing - Stabilization

35

2010

Guideline; Rescue at Buckled /Collapsed Reinforced Building -Technic
米国の都市型捜索救助隊 US&R
【Urban Search & Rescue Task Force 】

１ 安全管理 Safety Management
２ 情報収集 Information Gathering
３ 人命検索 Search
４ 進入・退出路確保 Entry Space
５ 危険要因の排除 Removal of Risk Factors

６ 救出・救助 Rescue
７ 観察・応急手当 Medical Observation & Care36

6. Rescue
Confined Space Rescue
Leader’s action – grasping situation,
creating rescue plan, sharing the sign for
rescue activities and deploying rescuers

Shoring & Setting Guide Rope

Get rescuers paired when enteringcollapsed building

Carry on calling to possible victims during
the search and keep the leader updated on
the inside situation.

37

6. Rescue
Confined Space Rescue
Shoring the collapsed building to secure
the evacuation space for safe rescue
activity

Medical observation and care after
discovering victims – Crash Syndrome
should be most cared.

38

6. Rescue
Confined Space Rescue
Get the victim to wear the protector

Wrap the victim with insulating blanket

Bind on the stretcher

Carry with two rescuers holding the headside and the foot side individually

39

2010

Guideline; Rescue at Buckled /Collapsed Reinforced Building -Technic
米国の都市型捜索救助隊 US&R
【Urban Search & Rescue Task Force 】

１ 安全管理 Safety Management
２ 情報収集 Information Gathering
３ 人命検索 Search
４ 進入・退出路確保 Entry Space
５ 危険要因の排除 Removal of Risk Factors
６ 救出・救助 Rescue

７ 観察・応急手当 Medical Observation & Care40

7. Medical Observation & Care
Characteristic symptom of victims in collapsed building – Crush Syndrome

Muscle damage due to part of body pressed by heavy stuff for a long time

Removing heavy stuff

Calcium, Myoglobin and lactic acid start leaking from necrotic muscle toblood

Hyperkalemia ⇒ Ventricular Fibrillation ⇒ Heart Arrest
Kidney Tubular Necrosis ⇒ Acute Kidney Failure ⇒ Death41

7. Medical Observation & Care
Characteristic symptom of victims in collapsed building – Crush Syndrome

Medical Observation

Pressed by heavy stuff for more than two hours?
Any anesthesia around four limbs?
30% or more of skeletal muscle crashed with heavy staff?
Black/Red-Brown colored urine?

42

7. Medical Observation & Care
Characteristic symptom of victims in collapsed building – Crush Syndrome

Proportion of Skeletal Muscle– in Case of Adult
One Upper Limb：15％
One Lower Limb：30％
Head and Trunk：10％

43

7. Medical Observation & Care
Characteristic symptom of victims in collapsed building – Crush Syndrome

Emergency Medical Care

2,000ml or over infusion solution before removing heavy stuff
Electrocardiogram ⇒ Defibrillation when ventricular fibrillation happens
Securing hospital which can do blood dialysis
Sodium bicarbonate ⇒ Correction of Acidosis
Calcium Gluconate ⇒ Prevention of Arrhythmia Death*only when a doctor attends the scene

44

都市型捜索救助（Urban Search And Rescue）
Expert Group for Enhancing Rescue Technic, 2010
Guideline; Rescue at Buckled / Collapsed Reinforced Building - Technic

Encouraging local fire service organizations to make training inline with the guideline

Implementation and review at each local fire service organization

Enhancement of rescue skill for possible future large scale
earthquake45

発表内容 (Contents)
１ 都市型捜索救助（Urban Search And Rescue)
２ 地下鉄火災（Subway Fire)46

地下鉄火災- Subway Fire -47

Korea Daegu Subway Fire
Date & Time

09:53 Feb 18, 2003

Place

Jungangno Station of the Daegu Metropolitan
Subway in Daegu, South Korea

Cause

Arson Attack - a 56 aged man set fire withflammable liquid.

Deaths192

Injuries

148

Firefighters on
Operation

1,150 （Fire Engine 222 and Helicopter １）

48

Korea Daegu Subway Fire
No.1079

Fire

No.108049

Korea Daegu Subway Fire
Firefighting
by Taegu Fire and Safety
Department
Fire breakout
1minFire breakout learnt of
10minCommand to mobilize
3minFire service team arrival
Approaching the insident site along
rails from nearby stops

Fire got under control 3h45min
after breakout

50

Japan Subway

51

Fukuoka City Subway
Started Operation

1981

Operator

Fukuoka City Transportation
BureauNumber of Stations

Total 35
Airport Line 13
Hakozaki Line 7
Nanakuma Line 16

Passengers Carried（per day）

426,000

52

Fukuoka City Subway
Bore Diameter： W8.1m, H5.6m
Power Current：
Direct Current 1500V
Air Vent① set at every midpoint
between stations② Normal 2,500㎥/min③ in Fire 5,000㎥/min

53

Fukuoka City Subway
Flame Proof Zone
Fire and flame proof shatter – to work
automatically with smoke detector, islocated at the stairs of the platform toprevent smoke from spreading acrossthe station.

54

Fukuoka City Subway

Emergency Door Cockinside Vehicle

Emergency Door Cockoutside Vehicle55

Fire Fighting Device and Tool

Fire Extinguisher

Drencher（Water Curtain）

Sprinkler

Fire Hydrant
Water Pipe

56

Fire Fighting Device and Tool

Emergency Phone

Emergency Power Point

Smoke Control System

Radio Communication
Support System

57

Operation Procedure in FirePower Transmission
haltedSmoke Discharger
activated

Command Team①

Operation
Command Center

Command Team②

Connected to Radio Communication Support System

Field Command Cell set up

58

Operation Procedure in Fire

Fire Service Team①
Dashing toFire Hydrant

Fire Service Team②

Discharging water into pipe
connected to subway station

Evacuation Instruction and Firefighting

59

Operation Procedure in Fire

Rescue Team
Search and Rescue

Ambulance TeamFirst Aid Site

Triage60

Operation Procedure in Fire

61

発表内容 (Contents)
１ 都市型捜索救助（Urban Search And Rescue)
２ 地下鉄火災（Subway Fire)62

ご清聴ありがとうございました
Thank you for listening

63

Q&A

64