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w

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10

Intensity (cm

10
10
10
10
10
10

−3

−4

Crouch World Survey, 1987
Crookes and Rastin, 1973
Bergamasco et al., 1971
Stockel, 1969
Castagnoli et al., 1965
Avan and Avan, 1955
Randall and Hazen, 1951
Bollinger, 1950
Clay and Van Gemert, 1939
Wilson, 1938

Soudan 2
Minos

−5

−6

−7

−8

−9

IMB

10
10
10
10

−10

Gran Sasso
Homestake−11

Super−Kamiokande

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−13

0

2

4

−13

cm

6

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s sr

8

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10

12

14

16
3

18
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Upthru (shower)

Events/1000 days

800

600

400

200

0
10

-1

1

10

10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

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Super-K (sub-GeV)
Super-K (multi-GeV)

0

0.5

1

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0.5

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PC

0

-0.5

-1
10

-1

1

10

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1

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10

2

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3

10

4

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0.2

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IMBBaksanEnergy (MeV)

40

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

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o.Z2-.1jZ2-6801g k.2-*  *p7vI6*' +-.Z2-+3q0-.  .13q+-r0/.1o;352 ~53q0/*p68r'+up*,v8ke2 u,.Z~8.Zup+2-6 v8.17'.1043 24.3 /  3q  k'*pj^k%*p+ 3 up6 6 rQ2^3 c up.)65si2-k.24*  *,7vP*6 ' +/.Z2s680.y3qj^k;{A 24r c .3q+3Tsr7'jZ24*,687%6qs
24k.  .y3q+/r0-.ZoAu,*pv8ke2yg$`2 d *,jy3quO  35;*,++-k6  7A*p7;#$*pvqr0-.  g 6

E 

T (nsec)

Typical TQ map
980
970
960
950
940
930
920
910
900
890
880

Q (p.e.)#$*,v8r0-.  g 6    35Hs6q03 2 d *,jy3qu {A g






'- &  k'6q24687'+)v8.Z7.10-3524.Zo ced k.10/.17 56=~A0435o*352-*p687H*,7Ur' .Z0 3  *p6  3q7'o. v8.Z2)3 c +/680 c .1ob3q7o+-jy3 2-24.Z0-.Zob*p7%2-k.  3 24.100/.1+-r'u,24*,7vS*p7;3q7H. 687.Z72-*3qu 3 2-24.Z7r3524*,687%6qst7r  c .106qstk6q2-687+3q+ 3Dsr7j24*,687U6qso*,+/2^357j1.Ts0/6  24k. d v8.2 .  *,2/24.ZoVg k*p+)68'24*,jy3qut352/24.17r3 24*p6q7Uup.Z7vq24kb*p7
 352-.10*p+)jy3qu,up.1o  352-.10 240-3q7+/3q0-.Z7j d 3q7o  .13q+-r'0-.1+2-k. j16  c *p7'.1o %. ' .1j24+6qs+-j1352-2-.10-*,7v
3q7o\3 c +/680-'2-*p687 gt7 r .10  3  *p6  3q7o'. 24k'.  352-.102-043q7+/3q0/.17j d 3q+3)sr7'jZ24*,687 6qs  3X~q. 
up.17'vq24k  *p7jZupro'*p7v 24k'.+-j1352-2-.10-*,7v 357o%3 c +/680-24*p6q7D3q0-3  .Z24.Z0-+  *p+  .y3q+/r0-.ZoQr+-*,7v 3Po d .
3q7o 7*,2-0-68v8.Z7 u3q+/.10-+ZgQ{;680-.So.2^3q*,up+687 24k'*p+jy3q7 c .Ss6qr7o *p7 . 10 g k.SjZ6  3q0-*,+-687 6qs

E.E

x

attenuation coefficient(1/m)

 .13q+-r0/.  .17e24+T6qs  3 24.10 352-2-.17r352-*p687|up.17'vq24k  *m24k 2-k.1+/.  .Z24k'6o+  *,2-k 24k. .1+24*  352-.1o352-2-.17r352-*p687Qu,.17v524kQr+/*p7v {A687e24. 3q0/up6 +/*  r'u352-*p687+ *,++-k'6  7%*,7%#$*,v  g g .10-.  .+/k3qu,us6jZr+Q687 3q7*,7o*,0-.1j2  .Z2-k6o r+-*,7v"j168+  *,jb0-3 d  r6q7+D246  .y35+-r0/.b24k.  3y~8.Zup.Z7vq24k
3X~q.10-3qv8.1ob352-2-.17r352-*p687Hu,.17vq2-kVg
Dec.-3,4-96
Dec.-17-96
Jan.-18-97

Dec.-14-96
Dec.-27-96
Mar.-6-97-1

10
absorption

total

-2

10
Mie scattering
Rayleigh scattering

-3

10

200

300

400

500

600
700
wavelength (nm)#$*pv8r'0-.  g   k. 3 2-24.Z7r3524*,687 jZ6.  jZ*p.Z72  w %     .13q+-r'0-.1o*,7 r .10  3  *p6  3q7o'.
352I~53q0/*p68r'+  3y~8.1u,.17v524k+ 35up687v  *,2-k|2-k.D.Z+/24*  3 24.1o|up.Z7vq24k  +/68up*,o|u,*p7.  6 c 2^3q*,7.1o|r+-*,7v{A687e24.  3q0/up6S+-*  ru3 24*p6q7+E

 k. jZ68+  *pj0-3 d r687P04352-.*p7Ir .10  3  *p6  3q7o'.*p+ 3 c 68r'2  $5g68+  *,j043 d  r'687+ k*pj^k"u,68+-. .17.Z0-v d ~*p3b*p6q7* $13524*,687 o.1 68+-*m2 3UjZ687+/243q7e2 7r  c .10 65s k.10/.17 56=~ k6q2-687+ .Z0r'7*,22-043qj Qu,.17v524kVgk.P76S6qstVg}. }+ o.24.ZjZ24.Zo ced 3S{A jy357 c . . 0/.1+-+/.1o 3q+! j16q7+/2  # .  %   g k .10/. le*p+t.0/.1+-+/.1o *p7 24.Z0  +6qs lq24k'. *pv8ke2o'*p+/243q7jZ.s680$2-k.k.10/.17 56X~Sk6q2-687 s0-6 
24k.  r6q7Q240435j D246 24k'. {; l  # l'2-k.{A 3qjZj1.12^3q7jZ.P3q+3 sr7jZ2-*p687%65st2-k.3q7v8u,. # k*pj^kQ*,+2-k.357v8up. c .Z2  .1.17H76q0  3qu246P24k.) {; 357oDk'6q24687Do*p0/.1jZ2-*p687 l %l 24k.)3X~q.10-3qv8.
 352-.10 352-2-.17r352-*p687%u,.17v524k  k*pj^kA3qj1jZ68r7e24+s680 c 6q24kH+/jy352/24.10/*p7v\3q7'ob3 c +-680/'24*,687Vg
E

(Ql/f(θ))

i 6U7o"24k'.Q~q35upr.Q65s % 3U2 *,+  35o.D246KjZ68+  *pjD043 d  r'687+ 35+-+-*,7vK24k0/68rv8k 2-k.
j1.17e2-.10b65sT24k'.|o.24.ZjZ246q0  *m24k 246q243qu  . h+ c .2  .Z.17`z 888 3q7o w  z q8 +-6 35+;2-6 3y~86q*po+-.1u,.1j24*p7'vT3q7 dS r'687+  k*pj^k r7o.Z0-v86T0-.  +/+/240-3qku,r7vg u,6q26qs    # 3q+ 3sr7'jZ24*,687
6qs3524k up.Z7vq24k j13q7 c . s68r7o *p7 #t*pv8r0/.  g'g k.\+-up6q . 6qs24k'*p+j1r0~8.\v8*,~q.1+ 24k'.  352-.102404357+-350-.17'j d   k*,j^kU*p+.1+24*  352-.1oA2-6 c . 3 c 68r'2Iw  w   3q7'ob24k.: *p7e24.Z0-j1.Z'2 v8*,~q.1+ 2-k.
 {; ve3q*,7  k*pj^k;*p+.1+24*  352-.1oQ2-6 c .3 c 68r'2 e zT . . e 0 g
192.0

500

RUN 3106

P1
P2

/ 19
5.987
-0.9487E-04

1000

2000

3000

0.4609E-03
0.4444E-06

400
300
200
0

4000

5000
l (cm)$# *pv8r'0-.  g       ~8.10/+-r+ns680$jZ68+  *pj 0-3 d  r6q7+*p7 3+-*p7'v8up. 0/r7 6qs r .10  3  *p6  3q7o'.
o352^3 243*p7vg k.U2-*  .b~53q0-*p3524*,687 65sI2-k.  3 24.10Q2-043q7'+-3q0/.17j d 3q+H3 sr7j24*,687 6qs24*  .bs0/6  2-k.

c .Zv8*p77'*p7v 2-6\2-k..17o;6qsr .10 P3  *,6  3q7o. jy3q7 c .s68r7o;*p7%v8r'0-.  ghx








 !"  & $  !* )+  .17e24*,687.ZoK*p7A2-k. c .1v8*,77*,7vD6qs2-k*p+)j^k3q'2-.101lOr .10 P3  *,6  3q7o.P+/2-68 .1o 0-.Zv8ru350o352^3b243 *p7vb*p7 qru d 58 wD2-6K0-.Zsr'0 c *,+-k 3 c 68r'2 q8 o.13qo {A+S*p7 c 6q24k (M357o   g
t6 o'6 24k*,+\2-k.  3524.Z0D*,7 24k'.A2^357   3q+D+-up6  u d o'043q*,7.1o 3q7o c 6q24k o.y3qo ( 3q7o   {;++/2^350/24*,7vs0-6  24k'. 246qD246P24k. c 6q2/246   .10/.0-.Zu3qjZ.1oQr'+-*p7'v c 6e3524+ 6e352-*p7vP687D2-k.
 352-.10Zgk.0-.Zu3qjZ.  .17e2  3q+7*,+-k.Zo\*,7\.124. Tc .Z0 q8 w357oS687%w 52-k\.1'2-.  c .10 qq w

Attenuation Length (m)

E'w
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

0

200

400

600

800

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

No of Days after Apr. 1 1996#$*pv8r'0-.  ghx  ( 352-.10;i043q7+/3q0/.17j d 3q+ 3sr7j24*p6q7 6qs 2-*  . r+/*p7v jZ68+  *pj0-3 dT r687'+or0-*,7v
r .10  P3  *,6  3q7o.^g352-.10 u,up*,7vIk3qo%0-.Z+/2^350/24.ZoVg 7H 6X~8.  c .Z0w  2-k  k.17%2-k.  3524.Z0up.Z~q.1u *p7D2-k.)2^357   3q+
3 c 6qr'2   l3 +-*,7v8up.){A 3522-k. c 6q2-2-6  65st2-k.2^3q7 D*  u,6o.ZoVg$k'.P0/.1+/ru,2-*p7v j^k35*p7
0-.y35jZ24*,687bo'.1+/2-0-6 d .Zo 3 c 6qr'
2 688qxS(  {;+  3qu  6q+/23qu,ui65s24k.   .Z0-.  z  c .1up6  2-k.
 352-.10+/r0/s 3qjZ.  l ez  `{A+3q7o;3 c 68r'2 8  3y~8. +-k'*,s 24.Z0u352-.1+Zgk. +-6qr7oHjy3qr'+-.1ocd 24k'.D*  u,68+-*,687+ u35+/24.Zo"3 c 68r'2 #z ^w  +-.Zj1687'o+1gKr'0-*p7'v;2-k.%3qjZj1*po'.17e2T2-k. 2-0-*pvqv8.10P04352-.
*p7jZ0-.y35+-.1o 246 3 c 68r2)w{b $s0-6  3 c 68r'2w   $357oQj1u,68v8v8.Zo\2-k. gk.)24652^3qun.17'.10-v d
0-.1u,.y3q+/.1o%*,7 24k'.*  up6q+-*p6q7+ k3q+ c .1.Z7%.1+24*  352-.1o ced  7g (`g'#68+24.Z
0 .  w 0 246 c .0-6qrv8ku d w= 
{ 'g


E

d up6 6 *p7vT35224k'. .Z~8.Z7e2)o*,+-up3 d +*,7Q24k.0-+/2  +35s 2-.102-k.P3qj1jZ*po.Z722-k. 0/6 c 3 c u,.
 {;  k*pj^kU*  'up6 o.1oQ0/+/2  35+ 240-3qj1.ZoA2-6D687.P6qs  {A+3 2 2-k. c 6q2/246   687.  35+3 {;  k'*pj^k  3q+t*p7+2^3qu,up.1oPor0/*p7v24k'.rvq043qo.*p7I+-r \ .10 q8 w3q7oT3q76q2-k.10i687.  3q+$3q7
68upo;{A  k*,j^k  3q+*p7+2^3qu,up.Zo%*p7 wXx8x 6g jZ6 \ *m2-24.Z.  k*,j^k  3q++-.Z2 rH246\*p7e~8.Z+/2-*pve352-.
24k.\jy3qr'+-.D65s3qjZj1*po'.17e2 3q7'o 2-6b68r'2-up*,7. sr0/2-k.10P0/.Z~8.Z7e24*,~q.  .y3q+/r0-.Z+Ik35+I7350-0-6  .1o 2-k.

E
yj 3qr+/.S6qs 24k.S3qjZj1*,o.17e22-6;6q7. 6qs 24k'. 2  6H 68+-+/* c *,up*,2-*p.Z+ c .1u,6  o.Z .Z7o*,7v%687  k*pj^k  3q+
24k. 0/+/2 {A  k*,j^kA*  u,6o'.1oVg( k*pu,.0-.1'u3qjZ*p7vS24k.P24r c .1+)35224k. c 6q2/246  6qs24k'.To.24.1j24680 2 d 0-6qs683  3qo+  .Z0-.
 r'2\687 2468 6qs (M {;h+D3q7o  .Z68up.  3qu q.1o 3q0/68r7o 24k.Z+-.H246 0-.Zu35j1.%24k.H(24r c .1+3 224k. c 6q2/246  gk*,+  *,v8ke2)k3X~q. jy3qr'+-.1o +/2-0-.Z+-+ 687U2-k. 68upoU {; j13qr+-*,7v*,22-6\*  'up6 o.qg7 j13q+-.S24k.S0/+/2I*  up6 o.1oU2-r c .  3q+ 3H7.  687.\*,2-+ c 3q+-.\j168r'upo k3y~8.D+/r ' .10-.Zo"3+-u,*pv8ke2j10-3qj Qor'0-*p7'vS2-043q7'+- 680/243524*,687%*,st*,2  3q+76q2k357oup.ZoA'0-68 .10/u d g

 j16q0-0-.ZjZ2-*,~8.  .y3q+/r0-.246\0-.~8.Z72+-rj^kU*  'up68+/*p687+*p7%24k.sr'2-r0-.  35+ o.Z+-*,v87.1o g )u,u` {;+  68r'upo c .b.Z7j1u,68+-.Zo*p7 3|+-.1jZ687o350 d +-k.Zupu)jZ6  0-*,+-.1o 6qsP3|2-043q7+/3q0/.17e2H3qjZ0 d up*,jk.  *p+/k.10/.Q+-r'0-0-6qr7o*,7vb24k'.Dk652486 jy352-k6o'.Q3q7o 3; c 0/. v8u3q+/+T+/k.1u,u  *m24k +  3qu,u k68up.Z++-r0/0-68r7'o*p7v;24k.\0-.Z+/2I6qs2-k.S24r c .qgQ  u,68+-*,687K24.1+24+Ik3y~8. c .1.Z7 o6q7.  *m24k 24k*,+Io'.1+-*,v87
3q7oQ*m2 k3q+ c .1.Z7Qo.  687+240-3524.ZoD24k3 2*msO3T{A  *m24kD+/rj^kH3IjZ6e352-*p7vP*  up6 o.Z+ 2-k.+-k6 j  3y~8.Iv8.Z2-+j1687e2^35*p7.Zo  *m24k*,7%24k.0/6q24.ZjZ24*m~8.+-k'.1upuV2-kr+ '0-.Z~q.17e24*,7v 3q7 d j^k3q*,7A0/.y3qj24*p6q7+1g
k. r' .Z0   .  .Z0-*  .Z72Pk35o 2-6 c .S0-.Z+/2^350/24.Zo  *m24k*,7 3 d .y3q0246H0/.1+-r  . 24k'.   
.  .Z0-*  .Z72T3q7o|*,2  3q+T7652T 68+-+/* c u,. 246  3q7r's 3qj24r0/5. 6 88 6o'o {A+  *m24k*,7 +/rj^k 3+-k680224*  .I+-357VgP .17'j1. 24k'. .  .10-*  .Z7e2  35+ 0-.1+2^3q024.Zo  *m24k*,7U3 d .y3q065s2-k. 3qjZj1*,o.17e2cd r'+-*p7'vS2-k.0-.  3q*,7*p7'v (`2-r c .1+upr+3 s.  +-3q0-.Z+1ln.17jZup68+/*p7v 2-k.  *,7%24k.  c 0/.v8u3q+/+`35j10 d u,*pj)j13q+-.Z+3q7o%0/.1o*,+/2-0-* c r'24*,7vP2-k.1+/. 6X~8.10 24k..Z7e24*p0/.( g  2  8
6 o*  .Z7+-*,6873qunjZ0-68+/+ +-.1j24*,687 6qsn#$    k.10/.#U+/2^357o+$s680  c 0/.0/.1*p7s680-jZ.1oT'u3q+24*pj   35j10 d u,*pjjy3q+/.*p+i+-k'6  7*p7;#$*pv'g  gmw  gk3q+/.  6qs24k'. . ' .10/*  .17e2Pjy3qu,up.Zo r .10  P3  *,6  3q7o. -jZ687e2^3q*,7+Izw  H{A+P*p7
24k. (  *,2-kQ3 c 68r'2 q &'k6q2416 jy3 24k6 o.j16X~8.Z043qv8.5g k.)7r  c .10 6qs {A+ *,7 2-k.  *,++43  .3q+ c .Zs6q0-.qg$r .10  3  *p6  3q7o'.k3q+i0-. +/243q0/2-.1oPo352^32^3  *,7v  *,24k24k'*p+Oj16q7'v8r0-3524*,687
s0-6  83q7r3q0 d q8 'g r' .Z0  3  *p6  3q7'o. -*,7A2-k*p+j1687v8r0-3524*,687b*,+ +/j^k.1or'up.1oU2-6D2^3 q.

E

E

21

EE

R 341

155

624

184

R 176

20−inch PMT

FRP Rear Part

Acrylic
Front
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184

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Angular resolution of thrumus

2000

Entries
Mean
RMS
OVFLW

1750

Entries
Mean
RMS
OVFLW

450
400

7070
1.372
1.050
45.00

No of events

350

No of events

1500

Angular resolution of stopmus
19726
1.050
1.136
73.00

300

1250

250

1000

200

750

150

500

100

250
0

50
0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Angle between precision fit and truth fit

E FE

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

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350

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300
250
200
150
100
50
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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

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80
60
40
20
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50

60

70

50

60

70

NentodNo of events

120
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100
80
60
40
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Ai4#(, y ?#d 6M *+4k,&+9I* $h,N$,&I !R / T$T$TT  <  T$TT > F,&,- ),-$,-F6DF,&D9Q ! ,C F0-,&M$(,&DL,-(,&0N   /F7*+#$ B9c$* ! ,C8 ^)  I !$33u *+ 4k86b$)9 T y x ,D,F,&0-,&@? e ,-,&>! ,-,J0-$  ,&F,& 8IsFJ9Odpo $IL,-,&0-(lF ,&DIF$   4s6L,-! ,& >?ACBMDGFHJC?  K FMLNAO _ "!#T po $I((v !#,&I,-,& ]0&$$"!%TRe ((@! ,&B,N$,-s1$,NM $,-5)9 ,-/ ! I ,-* ,& ) ,= ,-@?\AB!s I !#,&,YF, E0-$#,&
0&( k,&&_ $ 4#(,*+ D/ ! ,C0&I$L,-$,- 1,- ,&F "! , $L9Q !#,C  rI  (,->
! ,*E;,-  0N @?AB! , ')(Zs *+4k,&C9\,-$,- $,&h)9 ,-C!  ,&F*E,- lV ,"F,&  / yE /  bI! 0'!Hg4k$# y T> *E,-*E,+ ! q! ,3#*+4v,-Y)9/ $F*)(Z0'!^F$,E* $
,-$,- 1> ! ,^^)( F')$,C,&# 0-$@?
AB! .^ F! ,&((^= ,- /# F0-,&F,&\$$( $,-b ! ,M,-  0N @?ZAB! ,],& ,I 30&,-($#qI!s *+4k,&E9C,-,& L,-,&F6F,&E * *E%&,& o  ? y ? R$R$? e (q! ,j * *EF6f91 ! ,7')(Ms *4v,-9C*+#$,N$,&D! ,7,-sF, X  k,&C* $rV #,^)'),-MB * *)%-,&LLA<4 (, y ??
AB! ,] /)>$$ * $ )'g,-/$4#') ,-  F g ! ,1,& , X  k,&O3g)*E$rV  , w
R"  # >k,&F3J#,&0-4v,-H7 !#," ,N3C0'!^ ,&-? e 5,-,&g F (l6a9\ ! F $$ *+ $7($# I !a! ,C ,&1#,-0-$DM! 8IJ o  ? y ?5/_nI! ,&F,M ! ,Y,-,&  (869c$ID /F7= $ # *+ DB! 8Ia o  y ? Super-Kamiokande
Run 1003 Sub 1 Ev 1656
96-04-01:03:01:07 0001 4a5f c6c6
Inner: 7119 hits, 62259 pE
Outer: 112 hits, 155 pE (in-time)
Trigger ID: 0x03
D wall: 1690.0 cm
Upward-Going Muon Mode

Charge(pe)>26.7
23.3-26.7
20.2-23.3
17.3-20.2
14.7-17.3
12.2-14.7
10.0-12.2
8.0-10.0
6.2- 8.0
4.7- 6.2
3.3- 4.7
2.2- 3.3
1.3- 2.2
0.7- 1.3
0.2- 0.7
< 0.2
1300
1040
780
520
260
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

Times (ns)o $#, y ?0/3dZ$,& (6;9Ih#sFj ! F $$ 7* $j X #v,-OC* $rV# ,0'!^,g* 3 ,?ZAB!#,g*Eb(lF$,1F,&0N' (,b ! ,  (6> b! ,\E0-0-(,-B4k[,C 
4v,-(8 \,&#,&F,&B !#,  F,&0-,&  w 3,- 9 ! ,O#b ! ,# /  0),M! ,0'!^F$,
9Z)DO aA 9cF$* ! ,C*+ @?.AB! ,C$(b( ,1! 8II ! , F ,- L! ,-,- r8D0&$#,?2AB! ,*E((,&/F,& (0+)9<! BL! ,C  k,&I$!Fwt!^ L0& ,-MF! 8IM! ,C * ,9c$M+?


 '8$

)+ '*7 



4 79


 

7

);5 .9" 794((&@"%79$

7


$

' 5

12)

o / /)> ! F $$ "#D= $#  "* $ ! ,&F,B+0-$'*  ) $E9cF$*#[I
$$#g0-$* 0I86 *+#$ 2 ! ,M%&,- !b#$(,I4 E0-($F,&F: g ! ,M! $F%-$@?iAB!#:20#,&
4s6  ,L $ (+F,&(#$9M !#,L# ,-",-((B) * ( (,0& ($*40V ,- ;! ,F0'rn?2A<,-F *V ,1! ,4^0'rs$F$  L,#,&,&L !#, = 4 #$b)9<0-$* 01 6b*+#$ Super-Kamiokande
Run 1769 Sub 5 Ev 34078
96-06-03:21:53:10 0023 fc1f 07fe
Inner: 0 hits, 0 pE
Outer: 0 hits, 0 pE (in-time)
Trigger ID: 0x0b
D wall: 1690.0 cm
Upward-Going Muon Mode

Charge(pe)>26.7
23.3-26.7
20.2-23.3
17.3-20.2
14.7-17.3
12.2-14.7
10.0-12.2
8.0-10.0
6.2- 8.0
4.7- 6.2
3.3- 4.7
2.2- 3.3
1.3- 2.2
0.7- 1.3
0.2- 0.7
< 0.2
880
704
528
352
176
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

Times (ns)o $#, y ?  d Z,&LF (l6j9 /)= $ # H*+ $p X  k,&C* $rV #,>
0'!^,g* 3 ,?.AB! ,C)$ B^)F B> ! ,C,-,&##(l6>F, * ,gI o  y ?5/?
4v8,C! ,C! $F%&Db ! ,C ,&=wt! $F%&s (`F,&$$@?.AB! ,CF,&#( BI((`4k, 0&#,-Jb! , ,N3]0'!^#,&&?M,&,C\,gF!^((@,N (> !#,g= ) ,-6> F,&a,&(,&0N]!#$%&$')(@*+ $#&?
X  0&,C !#,Y,-F *V ,&D V ,g9Z0-$* 0C 6D*+  ]#,I ! ,g! $F%-$aI(lF$,_n  4 F,9`,N$,-s\9cF$* X #v,-OC* $rV# ,Nw R/^) C0-$F,&Fv$#  B  R$?  ^6.\,&F,]0'! ,&
9c$Y4 0'rs$$# h,&= *)$J7F,&  0-,E! ,EF0#  a()@?AB! ,  (.s *+4k,&YH,0'!
%&,&# !a (,4 LB !#,&D0)(,&D46L( $,-* ,?
AB! ,,N$,-s]$,&7)9 ,- !#, ,-* ,& ) ,]F')$,C^( 63 u X ,-0-? y ?0/$x29c$*  Ls *"w
4v,-  T$T$T5   $u I!#(,LFr3   qF #$  R8T$TVw  R8$#_ y T$TVw )y $5 q$nx,-,

0'! $,-@?AB!#,g'( (,- *E,19<! I^V'F,-M   R   ^63&?:AB! ,g,-$,- ]\,&F,Y! ,&D,-^Vw ),&  gF$   g E! #$$#*+ $ : F  !#,1($$F !#* Fv,-0& ,& X ,&0N? y ? ?  ?
e ((Q ! F $$ b*+#$ 1I !;T :  u $x#:T T   5= $#  >* $ CT :   u x : T R

$T

1750000 > Q >= 8000 pe

Raw Data

Stopmu1st

Muboy
Intermediate Stage
Reduction

Y

Corner Clipper
Multi−muon Cut

R

N
UpwardS

Downward

Check Muboy

R

Direction

No−fit / Horizontal

N

Call Thrumu1st

Classified
as Stoppingby Muboy or
stopmu2ndY
Call Stopmu2ndo $#, y ? #d o (8\0'!^Fg F,&H9c$ ! ,^= Fg9\  *+q,-  0-$ u ='=  >9c$* ! ,
 ) + ;K FGLNAO xB9cIL,-$,-1I!  T$T$T ;:: R / TT$T$T+k,?

,-,7F,&(,&0-,&@? o $F$   j* $  ! ,D*+ (  (,b0-$ ($*+4p0V ,- j * $F,D!^! F $$ +*+  / 0&,! ,&F,C,19Q+(8\,&/,- ,&F6$?],- 0&,g(,&%-,& !L#$(,]4^ /M0'! $F,&D9c$B0&$F*E0 6>= $ # *+  &? !> ! F $$   DF   # #[I
$$#>*+ $ C),", s F,&5 L!^$,^V !;(,-  !;$F,),&!^ /)*D?YAB! ,-, ,-,& C,-,! ,-E, #k,&=20&  ,-E$#0&,/ ^( ,-Z$#2)s6+4^*EF Z F ! ,B * ,/0-,&F$@_)I! 0'!
/  Jq,Nk,&FF0#  a ! ,E /Ff*+ $q,-$,- &?;AB! ,3#*+4v,-+9B!#$%&$')(! F $$ J#hF$   7*+#$ +V9 ,&Y,0'!jF')$,!#[IjA<4 (, y ?5/?DAB! ,%-,& !

#R<) !  ,- ! L`,- !a) $(,0-#
6ME9<,-,& 1)9 ,- ,-* ,& ) , X $,CKI,& #0- $
6ME9<,-,& 1)9 ,-, #k,&=1F0#  

 :  >A,?@ /  

 *-> ,?@  &>A@ /    

R$R$R8T

D

T T     u $x T /R TR    u $x T
R$R yAi4#(, y ?5/d26]#*+4v,-B9 ! F $$  L= $ # 0&* 086*+ $#B ,B! ,! $F%&>
4v#   R^6C9 X  v,-OC* r))  , )'#? e ((Q,-$,- g7! ,"(l=F[ F,+ ,-59c$,&F*E) $>9<0&$ *E^)$9cF$* #[Ia$$ "*+ $#Mb ! ,C a*+ $D )*E (,?
 %-*+ !^(2 F4## $;9/ !#,&,! $%&$ (2*+ $  h0&(0- (lV H)9B,&= *E),&
4^0'rs$  aI((v4v,C,N (#,&L> !#,g#,N310'! # ,-&?

 

UpwardS

Stopmu2nd Direction

No−fitDownward

R

Horizontal
Downward

Thrumu1st DirectionR

No−fit Horizontal
UpwardUpwardS

Downward

No−fitHorizontal
Downward

UpwardR

Thrumu2nd DirectionS

No−fitHorizontal
Downward

UpwardR

NNfit directionS

No−fitY
SR

Fstmu Direction

Horizontal

Horizontal
by at least one

NR

fitter or upward byThrumu1sto $#, y ? R8T#d o (8\0'!^FY F,&hH! ,F,&0& hF $, 9/# *+jF,& #0- $ u F F L9c$*>@?ACBEDGF L ! , ,& ^x9c$C)j,-,&I !  T$T$T ;: 2: R / T$T$T$T>k,  0) b! , ,&0-$L($0 F,&D  $,g$BF, F,&0N]! ,C,-,&V9 ,&B,N$,-F6L ,&-?

 yRAW DATA

6~ 10 evts/day

UMRED

UMLIVEIntermediatestage reduction
Final Umred Output~ 1500 evts/day~ 50 evts/day

Precision Fitter~ 3 evts/day

Eye Scan~ 1.4 evts/day

Stop/Thru Separation~ 0.4 evt/day~1 evt/day

Upthrumus

Upstopso $#, y ? R$R$d X  * *)F6C9 ((= ,&#Z$($,-+F F I9c*,&(,&0N #] !#,  )'I ]! ,^^(2 q$$#D* $H,&(,&0N j#j,-,&+0-(lF ^0)$H($ >I!j)  *E),3#*+4v,-I9i* $D,-$,- Mv,-M 86b ,-,&)I,-,&F6L= ,-7>! ,C 30&,- ) !#"
           

! " #%$'&)(+*,(.-0/21435176'89*'&:30*<;=$'351>;?$@&A1=3017B'1=&C1)D-/)@E%-030F9& wG6,(H/2178.I X B'JK&CL=w<(+MN308$rO(.*'6'&PIQL489M e J'L=30DH14;RD $ ;=8 S.B'-0/T8D +;=$ .U9U D9E e IQB@-5-V6'&C;=&AWC;=89LX1435MYB'-5(+;?3089*Z8.I<(+;?M[8914J'$'&AL435W\*'&AB@;=L=30*'891
J'L=826'B'WC35*']^B@J`_)(.L46a]98.35*']\MYB'89*'1WA89L4L=&A14JK8.*'6'35*@]^;?8 bU -030F.&N/9&A(.L=1c$'(.1Yde&A&A* J'L48fWC&A141=&A6;?$'L489B']9$g;?$'&<1?(.M[&hL=&C6'B'WC;=3589*\(.*'6\L=&CWA89*'1i;?L4B'WC;=3589*\1=Wj$'&CMN&(.1k6'&A14WAL=30dK&C6^35*l;=$'&mJ@L=&CF23089B'1
Wj$,(.J@;=&ALAE:nG*[;?$'301oWj$,(+J@;?&CL)_)&p1=$,(+-5-q6'&A14WAL435de&p;?$@&r6'&s;j(.30-51:8.It;=$'&pB@J`_)(.L46l]98935*@]mMYB@89*u6,(O;j(
1=&C;(.*'6vN& fJ'-5(.35*w$'8x_y(+;?M[891=J@$'&AL435WNz *{1<_k$'30Wj$].30F9&C1hL=3514&c;?8gB'Jb_|(.L46}]98.35*']lMYB@89*'1h$,(HF9&
dK&C&A*v1=35MB'-~(+;=&A6tE (&Y_k35-0-;=$'&A*w6'301=WAB@1=1_k$,(+C; r`35*@6R8.IJ'$b/f1435WC1<_o&c$,(HF9&-5&A(.L=*@&A6RIQL=89M(WA89M[J,(.L4351=8.*g8+I;=$'&h89d'1=&CL4F.&A6^(+*'6\& fJK&CWC;?&C66,(O;j(@E x  )+\e8# . " 4 
nG*g8.B'L%d,(.Wj`]9L489B'*'6g8.I*'&AB@;=L=30*'8cJ'L=826'B'WC&A6gB'Jb_|(+L=6;?$'L489B']9$f]98930*']c(.*'61i;?89J'J@35*']cMYB@89*'1;?$'&CL=&kWA89B@-56dK&k(Je8.;?&C*b;?3~(+-'d,(.Wj`]9L489B'*'6IQL=89MB'Jb_|(+L=6u].8935*']J@3589*'1"J@L=826'B'WA&C6N30*c35*'&C-~(.1i;?30W
35*b;?&CL?(.Ws;?358.*'1N8+I6'8x_k*b_|(.L46WA8914MN30W\L=(H/aMB'89*'1[35*Z;?$'&\L=82WjZ14B'L=L489B'*'6@35*']v;?$'&\6'&C;=&AWC;=89L
 N 3  N 37 3v E^#8^L=&C6'B'WA&X;=$'&Xd,(+Wj2].L=89B'*@6IQL=89M1=B'Wj$ WC891=M[35W[L?(H/J'$'8.;=8+ 'J L=826'B'WC&A6[J'3589*@1_)&k*'&C&A6N;=835M[JK8.1=&%(J,(+;=$fG-0&A*']+;?$cWABf;o148;?$,(+;"_k3 ;?$35*@WAL=&A(.1=30*'];j(.L4]9&C;35*_|(+;=&AL-_O;=$'&"d,(.Wj`]9L489B'*'6hIQL=89M;?$'&C1=&:&CF.&A*b;?1de&AWA8.MN&C1>*'&A]9-035]930d'-5&+Et#%$'&(.d'1489-5Bf;?&"L?(O;?&"(.1t_o&A-0(.1o;=$'& L?(O;?&r8+I7&CF9&C*b;?1|IQ89L6'3 K&AL4&A*b;|F+(.-0B'&A1o8.I>L?(+*']9&r30*u;?$@&r6'&s;?&AWs;?89L)$,(HF9& de&A&C*lMN&A(.1=B'L4&A6d`/;?$'0&   LB WA8.-5-~(+dK89L=(+;?3089*    E  1Je8935*b;=&A6R89B@; 35*^;?$@&cJ'L=&sFf3089B'1Wj$,(+J@;?&C&L _t_o&[B@1=&( /cM WABf; _'30*X_k$'35Wj$l;?$@&J,(+;?$@-5&A*@].;?$XIQ89Lo;?$'L4B']98930*']YMYB'8.*'1%351|&C14;=35MN(+;?&C6XIQL=89M ]9&A8.MN&s;?L4/,(.*'6IQ89Lk1i;?89J'J@35*']NMYB'89*'-1 _K301p&C14;=35MN(+;?&C6gIQL489M;?$'&mL=&CWA89*'1i;?L4B'WC;=&A6RM[89MN&C*b;?B'MgE|#%$'301 /M
WAB@;VWA8.L=L=&C1=Je89*'6'30*'];?8[([L=(.*']9&h8.I / U9U   p30*l_|(+;=&ALC2E (&h&A1i;?35MN(+;=& ;?$'&hd,(.Wj`]9L489B'*'6
35*w89B'L6,(O;j(.14&C;hB'1435*']g(l1=30MNJ'-0&Y& 2;=L?(.Je89-~(O;?358.*IQL=89M ;?$'&   L/ MN&A(.1=B@L=&AM[&A*b;=1AE#%$'&
  LBM[&H(.14B'L=&CMN&C*`;8.If*`B'MYde&AL8.I@B@J`_)(.L46YJ'358.*<&sF9&C*`;=1(+;6'3  &CL=&C*`;7F+(.-0B'&A178.I@6'&C;=&AWC;=89L
6'&AJ@;=$\301|1=$@8 _k*g35* P35]'E  E D9E (&$,(HF9& ';%;?$@&A1=&hM[&H(.14B'L=&CMN&C*b;?1%db/(Y1=30MNJ@-5&r& fJK89*@&A*b;?35(.(.1k1=$'8x_k*30* P35]'E  E D
102Path-length cut in Super-K

No of events

10

1

-1

10

-2

10

-3

10

0

200

400

600

800

-2

Range in the detector (g cm )1000

P35]9B@L=&  E0D %#%$@&c6'8.;?1pL=&CJ'L=&C1=&A*b;h;?$@&Y6'351i;?L435d'B@;=3589*g8.I:N&  &CWC;?3 F9&Y6@&AJ@;=$v8+I  WC891=M[35W GL=(x/35*'6'B@WA&A6gB'Jb_)(.L=6gJ'358.*'1%WA89L4L=&C1=Je89*'6'30*']c;?8[(.de89B@;hD9E /9&A(.L=1V8.I-53 F9&C;=35M[&rM[&H(.14B'L=&C6\db/X;=$'&
  LB WA89-0-~(.de89L?(O;?358.
*   Ek#%$'&m-530*'&h1=$'8x_k1(.*& fJK8.*'&A*b;?35(.- ';r;=8N;=$'&M[&H(.14B'L=&CMN&C*b;?1
]930F.&A*Rdb/      /fD  U  U D9D @D   _k$'&CL=& 351p;=$'&c(.M[89B'*b;8+I:]9L?(.M[MN(.]9&<MN&A(.1=B'L4&A6
35*   1  E %# $'&;?8.;?(.-b*`B'MYde&AL8.I'B'J2G]98930*']VJ'3589*@130*;  L/ _k3 ;?$mL?(.*'].&# .U9U    1 _k$'35Wj$]9&C;m356'&C*b;?3'&A6(+1mB'Jb_)(.L=6;?$'L489B']9$f]98930*']MYB'89*  0D  u#%$'&NWC89L=L4&A14JK89*@6'35*']\*`B'MYde&AL
IQ89L;=$'&r&C*b;?35L4& X B'JK&COL h(.M[358.+(+*'6'&s?Dk6,(+;j(+1=&C;)WA89L4L=&C1=Je89*'6'30*']m;=8N-D  9U 6,(H/21)-030F.&k;=35M[&kWH(.*
dK&h&A1i;?30Mu(+;=&A635* `*  E0D9E
     1    .U9U  0G       L X  -53 F9&s;?35M[&  /2L=1    X L %N"!$N&#,!'B #' B   )( E D 
1
6p8.;=&|;?$,(++; *-,2* E ( E0D|(.1=14B'MN&C1;?$,(O;;?$'&%6@&C;?&CWC;=89L:(.WAWC&AJ@;?(.*'WC&p(+*'6c/& .[WA30&A*'Ws/Y309*   L%301
1?(.M[&V(.1:35* X B'Je&ALi  (.*'6;?$@351:351"*'8+;o1i;?L435WC;=-0/Y;=L=B'&+EnG0* *,`*tE ( E $D _  1 0G) 351:89d@;?(.35*@&A6d`/\35*b;=&A]9L=(+;?30*'][;=$'&& fJK89*@&A*b;?35(.3- 2@; 1=$@8 _k*R30* P30]'E ( E DmIQL=8.M / U9U   1  ;?8 (54 U9U   1 
 _k$'30Wj$c(.J'J'L48 @30Mu(O;?&A- / WC89L=L4&A1=Je89*'6@1;?8V;?$'&-58.*']9&A1i;PMB'89*<J,(+;?$2G-5&C*'].;=$m30* X B'Je&AL    Ex#%$@351]930F.&A1";?$'&%;=8.;j(.-@*2B@MYdK&CL:8.I J@$'8.;?8OGJ'L48f6'B@WA&A6[B'Jb_)(.L=6NJ'3589*@1"35* X B'Je&AL 6h(.MN3089O(.*'6'&o_k$'35Wj$(.J'Je&H(.L<35*w;?$'&[B'Jb_)(.L=6};=$'L=8.B']9$f]98935*@]lMYB'89*v1?(.M[J'-0& U  D  _7WC89L=L4&A1=Je89*'6@35*']g;?8\(.dK8.B@;U E U D 7WA8.*`;?(.M[35*,(+;=3589* E[#%$@&[;=8.;j(.-"*`B'MdK&CLm8.I)B'Jf]98935*@]gJ@3589*'1h30*   L_k3 ;?$vL?(.*@]9&
 .U.U    _k$'30Wj$ ]9&C;l306'&A*b;=83 2,&C6T(+1l(.* B'Jb_|(+L=6f14;?8.J'J'35*@]ZMB'89*
    2E:9p1=30*']1*,`*tE ( E $D _>;?$@&;=8.;j(+-*`B'MYde&ALh8.IoJ'$'8.;=8+GJ'L48f6@B'WA&C6B'Jb_)(.L=6J'358.*'135* X B'Je&AL 6h(.M[3589O(.*'6@&_k$'35Wj$XWA(.*uI (.+& (.1oB'Jb_|(+L=6l14;=89J'J'30*']MB'89*'1  IQ89L:J,(+;=$fG-0&A*']+;?<$ ;)/  D  ( WA89L4L=&A14JK8.*'6f
35*'];=8R(.de89B@; U E  7 WC89*b;j(.M[35*'(+;?3089*tE#%$`B'1Y;?$'& /\MN&s;?&CLJ,(+;=$fG-0&A*']+;?$WCB@;Y&C*'1=B'L4&A1c;?$'(+;;?$'&c;?8+;j(.-WC89*b;j(.M[35*'(+;?3089*^8.IoJ'$'8.;=8+GJ@L=826'B'WA&C6B@J`_)(.L46J'3089*'1h(+;;=$'&-582WH(+;=3589*8.I X B'JK&CL 6
<(+MN3089O(.*'6'&351h-0&A1=1<;?$,(+*(.de89B@;ND 7XE  3 F9&C*;?$@& /M J,(+;?$2G-5&C*'].;=$}WABf; _;=$'&;?$'L4&A1=$@89-56
MYB'89*g&A*'&CL=]./  (.1=14B'MN30*'];?$,(+;V&C*'&AL4]./g-589141V301%;?$'L489B']9$\3589*'83 =H(+;=3589*  351<D9?E >  /& @ IQ89-0-58x_k35*@];?$'&;j(+d'-5&C1V30* V&sI E  (A4  E

>/


) !)
' !"' (4  '879
X B'Je&AL 6 <(+MN3089O(.*'6'&[$,(.1Y6@&C;?&CWC;=&A6 D  E B'Jb_|(.L46 ;?$'L4B']98930*']^(.*@6 ( >/\1i;?89J@J'35*']MYB'89*'1CE#%$'& =A&C*'30;=$l(.*'].-5&r6@3514;=L=30d'B@;?3089*[8.It;?$@&(.de8 F.& B'Jb_)(.L=6X;=$'L=B'].8935*'](.*'6X1i;?89J@J'35*']MYB'89*'1)(.1(mIQB'*'Ws;?358.*X8.I =A&C*'30;=$l(.*'].-5&r301)14$'8x_k*l35* P30]91AE ( E  %E V8 _o&CF.&AL%*'&A(.L);=$'& $'89L43 =C89@* _`;?$'&CL=& 301|(
d,(.Wj`]9L=8.B'*'6\IQL489M6'8x_k*b_)(.L=6^].8935*']WC891=M[35WL=(x/MB'89*'1%_k$'30Wj$]9&s;p306'&A*b;=83 2,&C6(.1kB'Jb_)(.L=6
MYB'89*'1V6'B'&h;?8[MYB'- ;?30J'-5& WC89B'-089MYd1=WA(+;=;=&AL=30*']N(.*'6 2'*'30;=&m(+*']9B'-5(.L%L=&C1=89-0B@;?3089*tE#%$'351k*'&C&A6'1;?8dK&h14B'd@;?L=(.WC;=&A6t2E (&<*@8 _6'3514WAB'141p$@8 _T;?$'301%351k&A1i;?30Mu(+;=&A6g(.*'614B'd@;?L=(.WC;=&A6tE












Number of Upward Stopping Muons

Number of Upward Thru-Muons



140

350

120

300

100

250
200
150
100
50
0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

80
60
40
20
0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

P35]9B@L=& ( E    &C*'30;=$(+*']9-5&6'3014;=L=35d@B@;?3089* 8.I(+ -5-%&CF.&A*b;?1u356'&C*`;=382,&C6(+1NB'Jb_)(.L=6a;?$'L4B']98930*']
MYB'89*'1 -5&CI ;  (.*'6B'Jb_)(.L=6\14;?8.J'J'35*@][MB'89*'1 L435]9$b;  35* X B'Je&AL6h(.M[3589O(.*'6@&.E


 



 
 

  !  

 

 !

#%$'&cWA8914MN30WL=(x/\;?$'L489B']9$2G]98930*']X(+*'6R14;=89J'J'30*']XMYB'8.*'1r_k$'30Wj$vJe&A*@&C;?L=(+;?&m;?$'&YnG+&A*'8x/9(.Mu(
MN89B@*`;?(.35*  B'*'6'&CL[_k$'30Wj$ X B@JK&CLi 351-582WH(+;=&A6  (+*'6&C*`;=&AL;?$'&g6'&s;?&AWs;?89L[WA8.B'-56ZdK&M[351 
356'&C*`;=83 2,&C6 (.1uB@J`_)(.L46MB'89*'1CE #%$'&^WC891=M[35W\L?(H/WC89*b;j(.M[35*'(+;?3089*a30*F+(.L=3089B'1[6'35L4&AWs;?358.*'1
6'&AJe&A*'6@18.*;?$'&|(.MN8.B'*b;"8.Iq8xF9&CL=d'B'L46'&A*;?$@L=89B'].$_k$'35Wj$c;=$'&|MYB'8.*;?L=(xF.&A-01AE#86'&C;=&AL4MN30*'&;?$'301pd,(+Wj2].L=89B'*@@6 _e_o&14&A-0&AWC;=&A6R([1?(.M[J'-0&<8+-I > ( D.E ( ( 6,(H/21p_o89L4;=$^8.IP6'8x_k*`_)(.L46^;?$'L4B']98930*']

> 

YM B'89*'1g(.16'&C1=WCL=35de&A6T35* X &CW.E  E  E #%$'& =A&A*@30;?$T(.*'6T( =C35MYB@;=$,(.- 6@3514;=L=30d'B@;?3089*8.I<;?$'&C1=&;?$'L4B']98930*']c(.*'61i;?89J'J@35*']c*'&A(.Li$'89L43 =A8.*`;?(.- MB'89*'1  (.-58.*']_k30;=$X;?$,(O;%8.IB'Jb_|(+L=6gMYB'89*'1)35*;?$'&1?(+MN&YL4B'*vL?(.*'].&  351r1=$'8x_k*v35* P35]@E ( E  ;E \8914;<8.I:;=$'&WA-5B@14;?&CL=1WC89MN&YIQL489M;=$'&Y;?$@35*
L=82WjXJ,(.Li;p8+I;=$'&hMN89B@*`;?(.35*X_k$@&AL=&h;?$@&<8xF.&AL=d@B'L=6'&C*^351%14$,(.-0-58x_hE

0

0

-0.2

-0.2

cos Θ

Zenith vs Azimuth for stopping muons (641.4 days)cos ΘZenith vs Azimuth for thrugoing muons (641.4 days)

-0.4

-0.4

-0.6

-0.6

-0.8

-0.8

-1

0

50

100

150

200

250

Φ (degrees)

300

350

-1

0

50

100

150

200

250

Φ (degrees)

300

350

P35]9B@L=& (  E    &A*@30;?$}(.*'6}( =A30MYB@;?$'(.-"6'351i;?L435d'B@;=3589*w8.I|$'89L=38=A89*b;?(. -(.*'6}B@J`_)(.L46;?$'L4B']98930*']
MYB'89*'1 -5&sI ;  _"(.*'6 $'8.L=3 =C89*b;j(.-o(.*'6 B@J`_)(.L46Z1i;?89J@J'35*']MYB'89*'1 L=30]9$b;  WA89L4L=&A14JK8.*'6'35*@]^;?8(.dK8.B@;&> ( D9E ( 6,(H/21l35* X B'JK&CL 6h(.M[358.+(+*'6'&.E#%$'&R6'&C*'1=&d'-589d@1X(.L489B'*'6 D U9U (.*'6 .U9U  WC89L=L4&A1=Je89*'6g;?8c;?$@35*J,(.Li;?1k8.I;?$'&hM[89B'*b;j(.30*tE

# 8Y6'&s;?&AL4MN30*'&p;=$'&p;=$'35*uL=82Wj[L4&A]93089*X8.I ;?$'& M[89B'*b;?(.35*[;?$'L489B']9$u_k$@35Wj$(-08.;)8+I>WA8914MN30W
L?(H/21[Je&A*@&C;?L=(+;?&)__o&J'-58+;=;?&C6 ;?$'&( =C35MYBf;?$ 6'3014;?L435d'Bf;?358.* 8.Ip(.-5-;?$'L4B']98930*']w(.*'6 14;=89J'J'30*']
MYB'89*'1(+1l1=$'8x_k*30* P35]@E ( E ( (.*'6 P30]'E ( E 4 L=&C1=Je&AWs;?30F.&A- /9E ,89Lu;=$'L=B@]98935*@] MYB'89*'1X;=$'&;?$'30*fGL48fWj WA8.L=L=&C1=Je89*'6'1X;=8 > U  : :  ( U  (.*@6 IQ89Lu1i;?89J'J@35*']MB'89*'1[;?$'&;=$'35*L=82Wj
WA89L4L=&A14JK8.*'6'1p;=8 > U  :  :  D U  E X 35*'WC&<;=$'&m&C*'&AL4]./8.IP14;?8.J'J'35*@]NMYB@89*'1V351k1=MN(.-5-0&AL|;=$,(.*;?$'L4B']98930*']MYB'89*'-1 _@;?$@&C/MYB'- ;?30J'-5& G1=WA(+;=;=&ALoMN89L4& ;?$,(+*g;=$'L=B'].8935*']cMB'89*'1CE

> Azimuth distribution of all thrugoing muons

No of Events

(1)

10

3

10

2

(2)

(1)

10

1

0

50

100

150

200

250

Φ

300

350

P35]9B@L=& ( E ( P#%$@&p(=A35MB@;?$,(+-'6'351i;?L435d'B@;=3589*c8+It(.-0-@;?$@L=B']98.35*']MYB@89*'1:35* X B'Je&AL6h(.M[3589O(.*'6@&_k( 30;?$  D  U :      : U  U  #%$'&YL=&C]9358.*^-~(.de&A-0&A6    _k$@35Wj$RWA8.L=L=&C1=Je89*'6'1 ;=8&> U :   : U  L=&CJ'L=&C1=&C*`;=1V;=$'& ;?$@35*lL=82WjuL4&A]93089*l8.I7;?$@&MN89B@*`;?(.35*`_f_k$'&CL=&H(+1k;=$'&L=&C]9358.*l-~(.de&A-0&A6 D 
L=&AJ@L=&A14&A*b;?1;=$'&;?$@35WjgL=82Wj\L4&A]93089*8.I";=$'&YM[89B'*b;j(+35*tEp#%$'&Y1=$'(.6'&A6R$@3514;=89]9L=(.M L=&AJ@L=&A14&A*b;?1;?$'&<( =C35MYB@;=$6'351i;?L=30d'B@;=3589*l8.IP(.-0- B'Jb_)(.L=6g;?$'L489B']9$f]98930*']cMYB'89*@1AE           6    

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#8w&A1i;?30Mu(+;=&N;=$'&ld,(.Wj`]9L489B'*'6 IQL=8.M 6'8x_k*b_)(.L=6Z14;=89J'J'30*']RMYB'89*@1cJK&C*'&C;=L?(+;=35*'];=$'&X;?$@35*
L=&A].3589*w8.IoMN8.B'*b;j(.30@* _t_)&[L=&CMN8xF.&A6(+-5-6'8x_k*b_)(.L=6MYB'89*v&CF.&A*b;?1<_k$'35Wj$v&A*b;?&CL<;=$'&c;?89Jv8.I;?$'&[;j(.*'qE X 35*'WC&u(.*B'Jb_|(+L=6]98.35*']MYB'8.*}WH(+*}*'&sF9&ALm1?(+;=351iI /R;?$'301mWC89*'6'3 ;?358.@* _>;?$'&CL=&[WH(.*
dK& *@8cWA89*b;j(+MN30*,(+;?3089*NIQL489M MYB'89*@1)_k$'35Wj$&C*`;=&AL);=$'& ;?8.JX8.I7;?$'&r6'&C;=&AWC;=89LAE ,89L;?$'L4B']98930*']
MYB'89*'1V_)&mMu(+6'&(+*^(.6'6@30;?3089*,(.- WAB@;r89*MYB@89*'1k_k$'35Wj$^& f30;V;?$'&mdK8.;4;?89M8.I;?$@&6'&s;?&AWs;?89LCE#%$'&*'&A(.LV$'89L=83 =A89*b;?(.-76'351i;?L=30d'B@;=3589*lIQ89L%;?$@L=B']98.35*'][MYB'89*@1r(.*@614;=89J'J'30*']uMB'89*'1V351k1=$@8 _k*
35* P30] ( ?E > (.*'6 P30] ( 5E /}L=&C1=Je&AWs;?30F.&A- /9E #%$'&R1=$'(.JK&R8+I;?$'L4B']98930*'] (.*'61i;?89J@J'35*'] MB'89*
6'351i;?L=30d'B@;=3589*l30*;=$'&;?$'30*L=82WjXL=&C]93589*X_)(.1 2';=;=&A6;?8c;?$@&hIQB@*'WC;=3589*
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/U
Azimuth distribution of all stopping muons

No of Events

(1)

10

3

10

2

(2)

(1)

10

1

0

50

100

150

200

Φ

250

300

350

P35]9B@L=& ( E 4 "#%$'&m( =A30MYB@;=$,(.-t6'3014;=L=35d@B@;?3089*l8.IP(.-5-t1i;?89J@J'35*']MYB@89*'1k35* X B'Je&AL6h(.M[3589O(.*'6@&_k30;?$  D  U :      : U  U  #%$'&YL=&C]9358.*^-~(.de&A-0&A6    _k$@35Wj$RWA8.L=L=&C1=Je89*'6'1 ;=8&> U :   : D U  L=&CJ'L=&C1=&C*`;=1V;=$'& ;?$@35*lL=82WjuL4&A]93089*l8.I7;?$@&MN89B@*`;?(.35*`_f_k$'&CL=&H(+1k;=$'&L=&C]9358.*l-~(.de&A-0&A6 D 
L=&AJ@L=&A14&A*b;?1;=$'&;?$@35WjgL=82Wj\L4&A]93089*8.I";=$'&YM[89B'*b;j(+35*tEp#%$'&Y1=$'(.6'&A6R$@3514;=89]9L=(.M L=&AJ@L=&A14&A*b;?1;?$'&<( =C35MYB@;=$6'351i;?L=30d'B@;=3589*l8.IP(.-0- B'Jb_)(.L=6\14;?8.J'J'35*@][MB'89*'1CE#%$'&\d'(.Wj`]9L=89B@*'6aIQL489M6'8x_k*b_)(.L=6 ].8935*']RMB'89*'1 135* B'Jb_)(.L=6a ]98930*']RMYB'89* 6'3014;=L=35d@B@;?3089*
B'J@;?8 =A&C*'30;=$(+*']9-5&d@35*  WC891   351%].30F9&C*\db/     G        G       E:#%$'&<dK&C14;2';%F+(.-5B'&C1)IQ89L t$D _   (.*@6   IQ89L|14;=89J'J'30*'](.*'6l;=$'L=B'].8935*']MYB'89*'1k(+L=&1=$@8 _k*g35
* P35]91CE ( ?E >(.*'6 ( 5E /[L4&A14JK&CWC;?3 F9&C-0/9Ek#%$'&m;?8.;?(.-7*2B@MYdK&CLp8+I"WA89*b;?(.MN30*,(+;=3589*lIQL=8.MWA8914MN30WmL=(x/gMYB@89*'1V35*
B'Jb_|(.L46c14;=89J'J'30*']rMYB@89*Y1?(+MNJ'-0&o301&C14;=35MN(+;?&C6m;?8pdK& ( D  U ?>VIQ8.L  U 0D :     : U (.*'6
U  (  \U   IQ89L  U   :      :  U  D9E ,89L"B@J`_)(.L46N;?$@L=B']98.35*']hMYB'8.*'1";?$'&kWA8.L=L=&C1=Je89*'6'30*']*2B@MYdK&CLk351%&A1i;?30Mu(+;=&A6l;?8de&D   U > >[(.*'6g(.-0- ;?$@351%-530& 35*l;=$'&  U  D :     : U d'35*tE






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#%$'&8.d'1=&CL4F9&C6\B@J`_)(.L46g].8935*']MYB'89*l6,(O;j(Y(+I ;=&AL|d'(.Wj`]9L=89B@*'61=B'd@;=L?(.Ws;?3089*l351|14$'8x_k*35*
P35]'E ( E  E

fD/

Near-Horizon Distribution of Upward stopping Muons
27.65

Number of Events

10

3

P1
P2
P3

/ 17
5.397
2.942
45.78

1.226
0.16692.060

Region (1) Φ < 60 , Φ > 310
Region (2) 60 < Φ < 310

10

2

10

1

-1

10

-0.1 -0.08-0.06-0.04-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

cosΘ

P35]9B@L=& ( E > 26V&H(.L G$'8.L=3 =C89*b;j(.-e6'3014;?L435d'Bf;?358.*u8.I71i;?89J'J@35*']cMYB@89*'1)IQ89L U  D :    : U  U 
35*N;=$'&p;=$'35*NL=82Wj[(.*'6u;=$'35Wjc L48fWjL=&C]9358.*X( (+I ;=&ALo(mWABf;|89*X&sF9&C*`;=1|_k$'35Wj $u&A*b;?&CLo;?$@&p;?8.JtE"#%$'&-535*@&L=&AJ@L=&A14&A*b;?1r(cdK&C14;4 2'; B'1435*'] *-,`* E   ;=8;=$'351%6@3514;=L=30d'B@;?3089*tE

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M _f(+*'6     351";?$@&r/& .[WC35&A*@WC/IQ89L:6'&C;=&AWs;?35*@]B'Jb_)(.L=6XMB'89*'1CE (}&V*'8x_*'8x_ 6'301=WAB@1=1)$@8 _    (+*'6     (+L=&WH(+-5WAB@-~(+;=&A6tE


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/ 

Near-Horizon
Distribution of Observed Thru-going Muons
410
18.92 / 15

Number of Events

10

3

P1
P2
P3

14.74
2.323
78.46

1.517
0.3442
5.099

Region (1) Φ < 60, Φ > 240
Region (2) 60 < Φ < 240

10

2

10

1

-1

10

-0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02

00.02 0.04 0.06 0.08cosΘP35]9B@L=& ( 0E /  6V&H(.L G$'8.L=3 =C89*b;j(.-`6'3014;=L=35d@B@;?3089*h8.I';?$@L=B']98.35*']pMYB'89*'1IQ89L U  D :    : U  U 
35*^;?$@&Y;?$'30*RL=82Wj^(.*'6^;=$'35Wj\L=82WjL4&A]93089*w(+I ;?&CL(XWA Bf;h89*w&CF9&C*b;?( 1_k$' 35Wj$w&C*'&C;=Lh;=$'&Y ;?8.JR89L&f30;k;?$@&<de8.;4;?89MgE#%$'&h-530*'& L4&AJ'L4&A1=&C*b;?1(cde&A14;i 2'; B'1=30*'] *,`* E   ;?8;?$'301%6'351i;?L435d'B@;=3589* E  

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JK&C*'6'35WCB'-~(+L:;=8m;=$'&p6@35L=&CWC;=3589*[8.It30*'WA306'&A*@WA&kIQ89L(.-5-';=L?(.Wj`1o_k3 ;?$;?L=(.Wj9G-5&C*'].;=$u35*@1=356@& X B'JK&CL 6
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L|(.L=-08  _k$'35Wj$351h6'&A14WAL435de&A6}30* X &AWC;AE ( E (  E 6V8 _ IQ89Lh&H(.Wj$ \89*b;?& L|(.L=-08g&sF9&C*`;_)&[`*'8x_;?$'&r;=L=B@;=$uF+(.L=35(.d'-0&A11=B'Wj$g(.1;?$'&r;=L=B'&rMYB'89*X6@35L=&CWC;=3589@* _b;=L=B'& MB'89*X-0&A*'].;=@$ _`;?L=B@& *'&ABf;?L=30*'8
35*b;?&CL?(.Ws;?358.*ZJe8930*`&; _o&s;?W+E#8&C14;?30Mu(O;?&X;?$@&\6'&s;?&CWC;?3089*Z/& .[WA30&A*'Ws/  IQ89LB'Jb_)(.L=6f ;?$'L4B']98930*'](

350

Number of Upward Stopping Muons

Number of Upward Thrugoing Muons/ 

Background Subtracted

100

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

Background Subtracted

80

60

40

20

0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

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

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1400

Effective Area (m2)

1200

1000

800

600
-1

-0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1
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1.1

1.05

Efficiency

Efficiency

1.05

1

0.95

0.9

Upstopmu Efficiency

1.1

1

0.95

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

0

0.9

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cosΘ

0

cosΘ

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4
1.4
3.5

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2.5

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1.2
3

2
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1

0.8
0.6
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0

1

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cos Θ

0

0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

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Entries
Mean
RMS
OVFLW

2000

7066
58.73
67.71
113.0

400

200

1000

0

Entries
Mean
RMS
OVFLW

600

No of events

No of events

3000

Path Length Resolution for upstopmus

19724
41.94
55.36
109.0

0

0

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500|Reconstructed - Truth length| (cm)0

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1.4

Flux ( 10-13 cm-2 s-1 sr-1)

4

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cm s sr )5Flux ( 10

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3

2

1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4

1
0.2
0

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cos Θ

-0.2

0

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0

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0.6
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Observed Flux
Null Oscillation ( α=-0.193, ε=0.06 )∆m2 = 0.0033 sin2 2Θ =1.00(α=-0.022, ε=0.002)

3.5

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3
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2.5
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4

1.5
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1

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0.5
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0

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cos Θ

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1.4

Observed Flux
Null Oscillation ( α=-0.511, ε=0.018 )∆m2 = 0.00385 sin2 2Θ =1.00(α=-0.063, ε=0.009)-1

cm s sr )

1.2

-1

10

-2

2

∆m (eV )

-1

1

2

0.8

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Flux ( 10

68%CL
90%CL
99%CL

0.6

-2

10

-3

0.4

10

0.2
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0

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cos Θ

10

0

0

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0.4

0.6

sin22θ

0.8

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Data
Null Oscillation ( β = -0.373)∆m2 = 0.00253 sin2 2Θ = 0.992( β = -0.089 )

0.6

-1

10

2

∆m (eV )

0.4

2

Ratio

0.5

0.3
0.2

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10

-3

10
68%CL
90%CL
99%CL

0.1
-4

0

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cosΘ

0

10

0

0.2

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0.6

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0.8

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F)1  $'"  6!"(  $%"( ;:  "($'B%  8 !#" 7    J - 8) $%.(  $ 8  !!Q$%!  "A"E!N&%& 7 "()1  $'"0)BT &'"(!!"(6!"(  $'"(  "#6=H" 7 $%E "(   8 HN 8  8 56=H)B(&' 8) ) ?  " GI). )B(  $ 8
1  $%"(!C$'*% 8) $'   8 "(0" 7  :A1+&%"(!0B5T  "(1B(1  5&/L 8 1 $'  ) 8  $%"(! CB(  6!"(6 C.A$D 8 B( 8 1  $'  ) 8  $'"! ?   & B5T" 7 2)1  $'"RG$   )BT     8 "(3$%! B($%. 6UT    !



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G + .    ' )   + .   +*1  $%"0! 8 $%B  #:<1 $'! B$%.()J6UT 


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 ) 8  B$%.()  F1  $'"KB5TE$'!  $%61  $%"(0$'       5A Q1  $'"KB5T
Escape Probability

1

Neutrino

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 1
10

2

3

10

4

10

10

Escape ProbabilityEν1Anti−neutrino

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 1
10

2

3

10

4

10

10

Eν̄

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

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$'!  $'61  $'"( $%  #:<1 $'! B$%.() 6 T G   "($ 4  $'"(
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6 ( 15  ! ?
:  "$'B2" 7 4.AT "!
% J:<1   "(!0"<1 8  6UT 6  8)( 1 A!0$%   8) G$     !"(&D5

  )$'1  B(  !&'" GI;" G ?  7  3$%$  $D& )BT " 7  C"J$%!   );$ EG$'&%&- 8 4T   3$%!  $'61  $%"( " 7  8  T )B($')!$'! B($/.( 6UT 

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         H 8   &%T 5 #3"("(&'"J :<$'&     ! 4.(E!" G    7 " 8   $' 8 &'!!#" 7  N  )
!$  T3"&%!  ) 8 "(1&'C6= &DB( 1 C" 7 1"(C)1  $'"(! 7 "(  +* $'$%&D  $'"($'  #C5&D 8  $ 8    ) ?   8 )   " 7   BU&' AT 8 "(  $'! 6&D 8 "(&' G$  CN5!! B($%.
6T . %  % .     ."!@?  H6!$ 8 $'43$'!     +* !    #C5&D 8  $ 8
   )2B   88    6 T   8   &I6&D 8 ,"(&%N$'  ";)! !$ G   ?
 #!&'"( " 7  3!$ C)=)!H"(  3 N  ) !$  T " &% ? "( 5  " &')!
G$    $   8 "(J!1 8 95!  J$%!"  N& 8 "(   ! 5 <     . 5 G)45! 7 "(0 N  ) !$  T;" &')! G$   5$') 8 1! 5 !&%"( " 7  R!$ 5 8 6 R1 8  !  )=) ?
 $'!$%!!" G$'  $'B ? ?  + ? :<$' 8   2 JN  )$%$'&'  $%"(;  R$%! "(="  $%"(& "N! ( 1K" 7  K)!$  T;"( 8 >B(   1B(#5 8 )E)  " 7 !$%B(&%! 7 "(   N  )
$%$'&'  $%"(! 4  "#3&D 8) $ 8     ?  !!12$'B <   %  # <= 8) ) 1  K1"( 
1  $%"(!3$'!!" G+$'  $%B ? ?  ?  "(0  $%&'! " 7  0UT<!$ 8 !#" 7  +* $'$%&D  $'"(
4  "#C&' 8) $ 8    )Q$'!  <&D$% $%  7 ?   /! ?


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$'B(1 ? +   2&%! " 7 $ =   "(!!$'6&% !$ )!$  T "&')! ?  $%B(1  5 7 "(H 7 ?    !
         ' 8   +* !H 8   1)J$%  C:<1J5         T!  &'  "   8 "( G$   $'!"  )E& $'!  $%61  $%"(; ( 1&  "   8 "(  2   1" 7  0:<1 "(         !@?

$'&%   :<19$%!E - 8) $%.()&%T + "($'  !"(1 8 )! " 7 )B(  $ 8 )1  $'"(!N!1&  $'B 7 "(#3  ? "( +* 5$'$'&D  $'"! 5A   5  J$'!H"  7 "(  +* !QG$  ;E!!H&')!!  5   5    #B1&D !$ )K" 7  #$%$'&'  $%"( )B($'" !Q6 );!  $%N  J6 T   5  !
 "06= '   +           ?. G  $%!  K$'HB(&'   $'!FE52  H $'BE"(   8   &  2=)  1 5  8   &Q!$  T $'1!E" 7       ? F"      7 "  +* N5!!)! 6 " .(#3   5   $%!0&'!"   "($%  !"(1 8  7 "(  +* $%$'&'  $%"(! ?  $  $%"( 1"(!
! 8   ) 7 "(  F$% 8 "(2$'B$' 8) $'"(2" 7  )$'S  )1  $'"C1  "C1&  $%&' 8 "(1&'"6

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 $'B(11 " 7 1  $'"$'1 8 ) K1"(! 7 "(?     <$'K1 "#3&D 8  $ 8    ) ?  $'B1  ) 7 "( 7 ?    ! ?

 +*

$'$%&D  $'"(! $'! 8   )$%B2 8 B( 8 1)  $%   8) $'"(! $'  C" 8 E6=)&'" G     8) " ?  1!   "    &%"!$%1&D  $'"!I"($' 7 ?   + !  " 8 & 8 1&'    3B(1&D5IG$'" G! 7 "(:<1     G$ 8  8 "(  $%  " 7  !$'B(5& 7 "( .5$'"(1! )1  &'$%"E!!!   A$%B$'  "0 8)8 "(1   !45 6  8 1!" 7 1  $%"RUTA!$ 8 !H! G )&'&-!   $  B1&DI!$ " 7    +* $'$%&D  $'"( )B($'"( 7 "(       ? "(  0)1  $'" )BT!  8  1  !$'1&D  $'"(! !!12     " 7   5$'$'&D  $'"C"A1 8) !  7 "( ( ( 5  7 "( 5  7 "( +  +  ?  " GI).  R)1  $'" L*1">! 8   $%B B(&%$'!QN$%&%T  L=)  "(  3)1  &'$%"RN5!!H "A!" H8 5B(31 8  G$   $ -))  6 8 $%B  $'"(!   ! ?  ! 8 "()! 7 "R6="    J:<1 5  5    !" G $'  $%B ? ?   ?   #C&' 8) $ 8  )   5 !$% 8   B1&D!$ C" 7  C!$ #G$%$'&'  $%"(! " 88 1F$%!
.( T !N&%& 5   #3&D 8  $ 8  )   8  6  8 "(!$') J="($%  !"(1 8  7 "(  +* $ML
$'&'  $%"(   /!@?  $    :<1 B1&D).A$D  $'"(E$'&/T>5$'!! 7 "( 1  $'"JUTA!$ 8 !
 = 8) !F&%$ 5 8 B L 8 1  $'  ) 8  $'"  1&  $'&% L  "(1&'"6N! 8   $'B ?

./.


4

10

χ

M (GeV)

Earth
3

10

2

10

1

10

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

Angle(°)
410χ

M (GeV)

Sun/Galactic Center
3

10

2

10

1

10

2

4

6

8



10

12

14

16

18

20

Angle (°)

$'B(1 ?    "! G$ 8  8 "  $'  " 7 1  7 "(  +* $%$'&'  $%"(! $%       5:<1J+#C&' 8) $ 8    ) 7 "( .5$'"(1!  +* N5!!)! ?
      :  

  











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 "0"  +* !4 8 !G 31!3"(&%TE1UG <L  1B("($%B01"(! 5 !$% 8   )T!    $'!  $ 8 &%&%T8 "(2 7 "( $'B( )1  $'"3)BTR!5E&%0B($/.(  &'" G ) &'$%E$  "  * N!!
E"(!  " 7  3!$%B(&-$'!  <  8    "06=3!J$' 1UG  1"(! ?
 ""  $%! ! 8  5 G Q&'"A"  7 "(IK!    $%!  $ 8 &%&%TK!$'B$  8     8 !!$' 8 "()! 7 "("
 $'K"()  ""(  $%E$ S!$%B(&  "6 8  B("(1R  $'"(! 7 "( .5$'"(1!  +* N!!)! ?  )!
8 "( !$ )! 8 "(!$')K 8 "(!).5  $%.( !$% 8  G$     8 1)    * &'" GI &'$%E$  ! 5 E"!  " 7  !$'B(5&!"(1&'R6  !0G$  $'6="1  . 5! G  8 0! 7 "(  $'B ? ?   ?  !  <&'$'$'  5 ?  + !  F1UG   1<L*B("$'BC1"(N  #$'! 8 "(!$'!    G$  "(! 8 $%&'&D  $'"! 5( ").5&ML1    N6 8  B("1 7 "(  +* !45 8 )!G 1!   + T(45R  2"(!$ 8 1  $%" "(    &'"R 7      $'B$'  "0 88 "1  "(! 8 $'&'&'  $%"(! ?   )$   B(&'F$'!  $%61  $'"( 7 "(

.

 

500

80

450

70

400
60
350

Number of events

Number of Upward Through-going Muons   306 8  B("(1E2&%!"  )$' 8 "(2$%!"(R$% 8 "()! G$  05& 7 L 5B(&')! B($%B
7 "(  "  $'!0!" G $'  $'B ? ?  <?  J"(! 8 $%&'&D    "    5&'"G !N"(E&'$ )
 "    "  &S"(6!). 1UG   1AL*1"! ?  !#GI 8 +!   3 E$'!C" !    $'!  $ML
8 &%&%T0!$%B($  8     8 )!!$' 5 TE" 7  ! 8 "()! ?  ").5&%1    Q6 8  B("1 7 "(  +*

300
250
200
150

50
40
30
20

100

0

10

WIMP signal expected in this region50-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1



cos Θ

0

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Cone Half-angle (degrees)'$ B(1 ?   K&' 7  )& !" G! )$  >B(&'3$%!  $'61  $'" " 7   E;6 8  B("(1G$  J )!  8)F "     ?  K$'B(  & $'$ 8   !  #!EC$' 8 "!HG$  J& 7 L B&'!
7 "( "  ?
!45 8 )! 7 "(  C:<1   #3&D 8  $ 8     5  8   "(    &'"R .(  )!  "R6 
!!$'B() 7    $'2C$';")  "E"(6  $'  #="(!$  $'"( " 7   8 )&')!  $'& !"(1 8 K1$%B   "    &%").  ?   8   "(    5&'"N).()  G !3!!$%B(  $'2K65! "(  $%.5&  $'2R" 7 1UG   1B("($%B 1"(! ?  $%!36&'!C1!  " N5  2&'$%.  $'2$'! L )$   B(&'2$'!  $'61  $'"( 7 "(31UG 
 $%61  $'"(" 7  N"6!).()    8 " 8) &%T ?   1B("($%B#K1"(!SG$  E!  8   "  :<1 5 5&'"(BG$    H <  8)  6 8 AB"(11!$%B   "(    &'" G$  >>G$  "1  "(! 8 $%&'&D  $'" $'!H!" G $'  $'B ? ?   ? "(  0:<1 5
 )Q$%! $  $'"(5&6 8  B("(1" 7 $'BE)BT21  $%"(! !1&  $'B 7 " 8 "(!E$ 8 4T$'  ) 8  $'"! $%  :<1 5 61   $%! $%! 6 "(1   "(! " 7 EB($  1S&'!!     "(6! .(  2"(!$ 8 1 1    8  8  6  B&' 8  )    ! ?  $'!  $%61  $'"(E$' 8 "! G$  

. +




300

50

WIMP signal expected in this region

45

250

40

Number of events

Number of Upward Through-going Muons& 7 L*B(&%! B($'B 7 "( "  $'! &'!"!" G $%  Q!2B(1 ?   8 "(!="<L
$'B&'"  ! 7 "(   #3&D 8  $ 8  )  C!" G $%  $'B ? ? ?  ! G  8 !)  )R$%! "!    $'!  $ 8 &%&%TJ!$'B$  8     8 )!!" 7 1UG ,1"(! 8 "(E$%B 7 "(   8 )  #" 7  N:<1 #3&' 8) $ 8  )   ?  ) 8  G  ""  !);5 T  .A$') 8  7 "(  +* $%$'&'  $%"(!
7 "(   8 )   " 7     5 :<1E"(2#3&' 8) $ 8  )   ?  &'!"C"  ) 1 G N1"2   8) "(!
&'$ 5  + 5 2$'"   5     ' 5  :  5    "   8  .N5&'!" "  +*!45 8 )!   TJ"N"  !5 T !$'B(  1!H" 7  +* $'$%&D  $'"(    +* 1 &'$'2$  ! 7 "(      +5   :<1+6UT  + 5 E$%"   5     ' 5 5  A! $'  7 ! ?    5  + 5 +  5  ! != 8) $/.()&%T 5 5    * 1 >&'$%E$  ! 7 "(   #C5&D 8  $ 8
   )F6UT  #56=" .(3   8) "!F3$' 7 ! ?   . 5  5  5 /! != 8) $%.()&%T ?

200

150

100

30
25
20
15
10

50

Towards The Sun035-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.20

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

cos Θsun



5
1

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Cone half-angle (degrees)

 $'B(1
?      &' 7  )& !" G!   )$   B&'N$'!  $%61  $%"(+" 7   >5 6 8 (LB("(1G$  )!   8)# "  :<1 ?  2$%B(  )&S$'$ 8    !  2!22$% 8 "()!CG$  & 7 L*B(&%! 7 "( "  ?  &%&-&D56=)&'!!2C! $'  $%B ? ?  <?

  87        ).5&%1     1  &'$%E$  ! $% $ = H8 "(C!$ )! 7 "(       5 :<1J #C5&D 8  $ 8C   )3;GI 8 "(2K"(1Q&'$%E$  ! G$    "(! 7 "( "  F   8) "(! ?   1 ;&'$%E$  !

.



WIMP signal expected in this region
300

60

250

Number of events

Number of Upward Through-going Muons



200
150
100
50

50
40
30
20
10

Towards the Galactic Center0-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2

0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

cos Θgalactic

1

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Cone Half-Angle (degrees)

 $'B(1
?      &' 7  )& !" G!   )$   B&'N$'!  $%61  $%"(+" 7   >5 6 8 (LB("(1G$   !  8 3 "  $#3 &' 8) $ 8  )   ?  R$%B(  & $'$ 8   )!  0!EK$'
8 "()!HG$   & 7 L B(&')! 7 "( "  ?  &'& &'6 &'! 3!5E3!$%  $'B ? ?  <?

7 "(   8 !E" 7     5 :<1 5  #3&D 8) $ 8    )K$%+$ -) #8 "(N!$ )!K$'!C!" G+$'
 $'B ? ? . 5 ? .  5 ? ./.<?
F " G 8 "(U.()   ! 1 2&%$'2$  ! ).5&%1  )N$%E$ -))  8 "(F!$ )!  " 1 2&%$'2$  ! !
 7 1 8) $%"(2" 7  +* E!! ?  "#"  )! 7 "( 4 8 NN!! G $   8 "(!="$'B 8 "(G$ 8  8 "(  $%!  " 7   1  7 "(  $'B ? ?         1 +&%$'2$  $%  
8 "(!="$'B 8 "K5 8 "( 8  7 "($  ! 8 "(&%&' 8) $%"(  8 $' 8 T ?  #!1&  $%B 1 J&'$%E$  !
7 "(       5 :<1 5  #3&D 8  $ 8    )!2 7 1 8) $'"( " 7  +* N5!!E !" G $'% $'B ? ? .  5 ? . + 5 ? . != 8) $%.()&%T &'"BG$   8 "(!="$'B &'$%E$  ! 7 "( "     8) "(! ?  !C&'$%E$  !I4.(C6=) &'"  ) 1  "   #!  ?


. 


x 10

-13

Super-K Limits
MACRO Limits
Kamiokande Limits
Baksan Limits

0.5

-2

-1

Flux Limit (cm sec )

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

0-5

0-10

0-15

0-20

0-25

0-30

Cone Half-Angle From Center Of Earth (Degrees) $'B(1? .  "(2$'!"R" 7 :A1=) L  8 ? & ?   8 !! )1  $'" L*$'1 8 )01UG EK1"(1  &'$%E$  ! 7 "(      J$% $ = H8 "(35& 7 L 5B(&')! G$    "(! 7 "(P"  )H <=) L$'2  ! ?
 




 

 






 

J






  :<$' 8   ::  8 "  $'! NUT 7 S52  ! G$ 8 C  "A"(&/T 8 "(!  $%3$  $'! $ 8 1& 
 "K1&'H"(1  $'$%.A$'1&2  )!SG$ 8 NB(" .(    ::   5B(B($D ? H).()  &%!!
!  < 8 $'! G  4. 1!)     8 "A G$  K6 T # ? # 1BN    " B(  NUT  ::  E"A&%!6UT>.5TA$'B $  !$%1  52  !C 8 & 8 1&D  $'B  0 <  8  
 1  7 "(  +* $%$'&'  $%"(#$%      2  H:<1E 8 "(2 $  G$  E:<1=) L&'$'2$  ! ?  &'!"RB($%.  352  ! " 7  :: 5 "( 8  8 & 8 1&'  Q.5$'"(1! A1  $  $')! 7 "(G$ 8    <=)$'2  & 8 "(!  $%  ! 7 "(  88 )&')  "( L 6!)! 8 )! 7 "(: Q: 
7 "(   *      .  " ?   B()  )0  "  &A" 7 . +   ::  2"<)&'! 6UT#.5 T<$%B  6   GI    #" ! 5 #J6=  G )NL .  #" !  .  #" ! 5A   6   GI)#    5$ 6   GI .    #3 ! 5 %  6   GI)  % &   '   % &  )' ( )  ?
 &%& !TA6 "(&'! #"  ) !!12  $'"(! 1!0I &D$%#$'R:A 8) ? +? *? (?    - , 8)

.

 

x 10

-12

IMB Limit
Kamiokande Limits
Baksan Limits
MACRO Limits
Super-K Limits

0.12

-2

-1

Flux Limit (cm sec )

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0

0-5

0-10

0-15

0-20

0-25

0-30

Cone Half Angle From Center of Sun (Degrees)$'B(1 ? .  "(2$'!"R" 7 :A1=) L

8 ? & ?   8 !! )1  $'" L*$'1 8 )01UG EK1"( 1  &%$'2$  ! 7 "  2:<1$'$-) 38 "(0& 7 L B&'!HG$    "(! 7 "( "  )< $ML
E)  ! ?

 "A&%! 7 "(#G$ 8  .5 8 11 !     6 ! 8 B(  8 "(&'"!TA2E  T ?   "(&/T+2"A&%!
E
G$ 8  !  $'!   7 "(&%&'" G$'B 8 "($  $'"(! GIK 88 )  ) 

 #3!

%  
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x 10

-12

Baksan Limit
IMB Limit
Kamiokande Limit
MACRO Limits
Super-K Limits

0.12

-2

-1

Flux Limit (cm sec )

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0

0-5

0-10

0-15

0-20

0-25

0-30

Cone Half Angle From Galactic Center (Degrees)$'B(1 ? ./.  "(2$'!"R" 7 :A1=) L

8 ? & ?   8 !! )1  $'" L*$'1 8 )01UG EK1"( 1 C&'$%E$  ! 7 "(   #C5&D 8  $ 8    ) $%#$-))  8 "(S& 7 L B&'!=G$    "(! 7 "( "  
<=)$%E)  ! ?

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8 "(&%&D6 "(  "(! 5   $%! $'! 6 )T("  3! 8 "=C" 7    !$%! ?
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$%$'&'  $%"(J  )! 7 "(F$ =  $%$'&'  $%"( 8 &'! ?  R4.R1!)  R"(&%$'C"5L
B( 4.5$%&D6&%  * 5  #  G$ 8 K! 6 ) 8 5& 8 1&D  C1!$%B   :  :   "Q"(6  $'C&'$%E$  !
"(>$'$%&D  $'"(   )! ?     * 5$'$'&D  $'"   ! 7 "( BU1B(#6 "(!"(>$'$%&D  $'"(

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10

-11

AMANDA (soft spectrum)
AMANDA (hard spectrum)
BaksanMACRO
Super-K

Limits on WIMP-induced upward muons (cm

-2

-1

sec )



10

10

10

10

10

-12

-13

-14

-15

-16

10

10

2

10

3

10

4

Mass of Neutralino (GeV)$'B(1 ? .  :<1  L  8 ? & ?   * L $'1 8 +1UG  1"(  1 ,&%$'2$  ! 7 "(   5   7 "( $-))    * N!!)!Q&%"(BG$   8 "()! "($%B0&'$'2$  ! 7 "(P"     8 L

 "(! ?

;6AL  1   8 L  1  $%$'&'  $%"( 7 "(      J:A1>#!" G>$' $%B ? ? .
 $'B ? ? .  )!  8) $%.&%T ?  >$'$%&D  $'"(+  ! 7 "( + +  $'$%&D  $'"(
  5E"( $%  E)$D  .5&'1)! ? :<$% 8   2$%$'&'  $%"(>  !3$%  0BU&' 8) $ 8K8   )
E"A&ML*)=))  5E 2N5$'&/T#"  !$ )!$  TR" &'  !H .F"  6=)
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B(1$'!$'B 7 "( 6 8  B("1  Q 1 8 &'45  8 "($%& "A1 8 6UT2&'!  $ 8 ! 8   )$%BK"   B( 
A1 8 &')$ $' &'" G 6 8  B("(1,   8) "(! ?  EE$%  B(  !31!)  #3 5 F )5  5     8 ?  " .().A$' G " 7 &'& $' 8     8  $%"(< $%E)  ! 8 1  &/T>&')>"( $%;"(  L
 $'"&'"BEG$      5B(  ! 1!    "(!1)!3 8 $' .()!" 7  8 6  7 "(1;$'



MACRO
BaksanSuper-K

Limit on WIMP-induced upward muons (cm

-2

-1

sec )

-11

10

-12

10

-13

10

-14

10

-15

10

-16

10

10

10

2

10

3

4

10

Mass of Neutralino (GeV)$'B(1 ? . #  :<1  L  8 ? & ?   * L $'1 8 +1UG  1"(  1 ,&%$'2$  ! 7 "(  :<1 7 "( $ =)    * N!!)!S&'"(BFG$   8 "()! "($%B &'$%E$  ! 7 " "  )    8  "(! ?
  7 ?   @?   .()    )!B($%. 6UT     5 G)  $'!     * 16 !$  T 5 $'!  &'!  $ 8 ! 8   $%B 8 "(!! L*! 8  $'" 5   $'!    B  N!! 5 $%!  R4.UL5B(E!=)," 7     * &'  $/.(  "    B  N5!! ?  2).()    !C5B( 7 "(
"! ?  F!!$  $%.UL F  8 "1  ! AB 54TE  H)BT0)="!$  E$'!S" 7   !
$  T2" 7  8 < $'2  )=)! "  F)BT  !"(&% A5  B  N!!   F&' .(& " 7

6 8  B("1 ?  " B(  E"( 8)8 1  R <)!!$%"(! 7 "(  K).()    #"(!  "   $'  "3 8)8 "(1      * .(&%" 8 $  TK$'!  $%61  $'"( 5   7 "(RL 7  8  "( !1)!!$'"(E0B5T
 !"(&' ?  8   $'! $%! "(  C .()     8 5J6 G$  )J5!     

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 %  (    ((G         ( A   F  - 5      % 5      !   ?  IN$%!2" $'BJB(1 7 "(#   * 8 "E)! 7 "    $'20  8  $%  6 " .(" 1  $%"(#%   

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10

-11

MACRO (10°)
MACRO (5°)
MACRO (3°)
Super-K

Limit on WIMP-induced upward muons (cm

-2

-1

sec )

 

10

10

10

10

10

-12

-13

-14

-15

-16

10





10

2

10

3

10

4

Mass of Neutralino (GeV)$'B(1 ? .  :<1  L  8 ? & ?   * L $'1 8 +1UG  1"(  1 ,&%$'2$  ! 7 "(  #C&' 8) $ 8 )   7 "E$-))    * N5!!)!&%"(B G$   8 "(! "($'B &%$'2$  ! 7 "("  )   8) "(! ?
1  "  2=)$%"<$ 8 E"  $'"" 7     5 :A1  "(1B(  0BU&D 8) $ 8 &%" ? :A$' 8     * ! 4.(K ; AGI&%&'$D5 .&'" 8 $  T $%!  $'61  $'" 5 )$'24J! ;$'!   5  "N6  <?
  :<1 2" .()!KG$  +)!  8 R "  -#3&D <T  J!=) " 7 56="(1  ./.   5! 8 ?  
 8 &%$'  $ 8 $%! $' 8 &'$%   6 "(1  */. &'  $/.(  "  3BU&' 8) $ 8 &' ?
       !  .("(&%1  $%"(!=) "1  :<1 $'! 56="(1     5! 8  $'  !12E)  $%!0!  "   :<1 !2! ) G$   =  ! ) " 88 1$'B  56="(1   1
.  ?   G$'  ) 5  R  ! )G$   )!  8)3 "  2:<1$'!Q!16   8  ) ?  A1!  !$'B& " 7    * GI"(1&'6 0 A1& 2"<1&D  $'"( " 7 ).    G$  ;= ;$%  1 E$%$'1 $%   8 )6  ?  $%!$'! !" GJ$' $%B ? ? . <?
    $'!  R"(&/T;  $'2  G$ 8 !3"(1 8 ).A$') 8  7 "(   *    8 L

 $'" ?    J )T !  "(1 8 )  .<$% 8  7 "(5 1& 2"<1&D  $'"(,6! "( .<?
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AB>TA# <="!1 ?   T 8 "( E) $  $' .  G$    "  5&I  "(!1" 7   B>TA     $% . .     G$   5+< "(!1" 7 .  ABJT< ? G$  +6 "(1  # 8 ? & ?  )T 8 &'$'

.



Super-K Flux Limits From Sun vs Expected WIMP induced Flux

Super-K Flux Limits from Earth vs Expected Flux

10

-9

-8

Theoretical Flux from χ annihilation
Super-K Flux Limits

-12

10

10

Flux of upward muons (cm-2 sec-1)

Flux of upward muons (cm

-2

-1

sec )

10

-15

-18

10

-21

10

10

-11

10

Expected Flux from χ annihilation
Super-K Flux Limits

-14

10

10

-17

-20

10

-23

-24

0

10
200

400

600

800

1000

0

200

Mass of Neutralino (GeV)

400

600

800

1000

Mass of Neutralino (GeV)$'B(1 ? . *   <= 8) ) 1UG  1"(  1  7 "(5$'$'&D  $'"!; .5&'1   1!$%B     " &'"(B>G$   :<1=) L &'$%E$  ! 7 "   8 5! " 7  5   &% 7  & :<1 $%B(  )& ?

 )$'Q .()    K$'! 8 "(!$'!  )  G$     7 "(&'&%" G$%B0!$%B(  1)! 7 "(F   * !$%B(&   
 1& 2"<1&D  $'"(!" G!    <= 8)   2&'$  1E.5$'  $%"( 5   8 " 8) 5!
 $%"< ?  0$  !Q" 88 1"(&%T $%  &%" G )BT>6$'! ?       6=)!    ="$' $'!R     . #3 !    % .    ' 6 ?  " GI).   5!).()& "(6&%2!
G$    $%! 8 &D$% ?    $'&% 8 $  $  1 8 >6  7 "(1>$'   7 ?     ?       A1&E"A1&'  $%"(!$%B(&-$'   . L * " ! B5T 6$' $%! !" G;$% $'B ? ? ?

J"" . "3"   $' 8)  #N  )    8  $%"(0<=)$%E)  ! !)2UT .A$') 8 
7 "(K   * !$'B& +&'&S"  #<=)$%E)  !K4.N"(6  $'  1 #&'$'2$  !"(  * L* 1 8 &%"( 8 "(!! L ! 8  $%"(R!  7 1 8  $%"(K" 7   * E!! G$ 8 4.( 1&')K"(1  $  )
E"(!  " &%& " 7     &'&%" G )>)B($'"( ?  .  ; :  .    8 &'1,N&D5B(#="(  $%"(
" 7       &%&'" G ) )B($'"+G$     "  & < "(!1 " 7 .  B4T+  2"(    : B("(1 !2"(6  $') !  $ 8  0&%$'2$  !  .  5 . .   
8 ? & ? :<16!  1)  &%T    ; &%GI$%!!C< $%E)   .  1!$%B  "  5& < "(!1N" 7 .  B 4T  8 &%1)!  0G"(&'0" 7
    )B($'"   2"(    8 ? & ?  &%!"   =  *  8 "(&%&D6 "(  $%"(G$ 8  1!!



17bb annihilation
cc annihilation-1

ΓA (sec )

10
16
10
15
10
14
10
13
10
12
10
10

2

10

10

3

10

4

Mχ (GeV)

10

13

10

12

10

11

10

10

-1

ΓA (sec )10

14

WW annihilation
ZZ annihilation

10

2

3

10
M χ (GeV)



10

4

$'B(1 ? .   :<1  L  8 ? & ? 1  &'$%E$  "(   * $'$%&D  $'"(2   $%      
7 "( $ =  $%$'&'  $%"( 8 )&'! ?
&'$  1$%  E!  B(    "  &  <="(!12" 7   B5L 4T &%!" 1&%"(1  2"(!  " 7    B$'"( ?       5&'&'" GI )B($'" &'"(B>G$    8 ? & ? 1 0&'$%E$  ! 7 "( "  
$' 8)    8) $%"(  < $%E)  ! 8  6  7 "1 $' $'B ? ?  (?







       




 




 

 



 










#3$/.(  2&'BRA16=)#" 7I7 0E  )!3$  $%!$'2="(!!$%6&'  "J"J 8 "E5$'!"( 6= L    * N!!2 8 "(!! L*! 8) $'"(
 G ) $' 8)  $%$% 8  ! 8 )! ?  " GI).N$ 7  $'!  " G 5  )"( 8 >E 5N"( L  "5L*" 8 "(!="( 8 R6=  G ) $% 8     8) $'"(
  !IN$%$% 8     8  $'"N  ! 7 "    * $%$'&'  $%"(! $'  5  E  Q:<1E6UT
N  $%B>&'$%!  $ 8 5!!1E  $'"(!R6 "(1  2"<)&/L    1 8   $%  $')!G$ 8  8 5<L"  6=C 8)8 "(1   7 "( !$% 8 36 "     !)=);"   * A1 8 &')"( 8 "!! L ! 8) $%"( ?  )



#
26

bb annihilation

10

25

cc annihilation

10

24

10

23

-1

ΓA (sec )

10

10

10

2

10

3

10

4

Mχ (GeV)23

WW annihilation
ZZ annihilation-1

ΓA (sec )

10

10

22

10



2

3

10
M χ (GeV)

10

4$'B(1 ? .   :<1  L  8 ? & ? 1=)&'$'2$  "(    * $%$'&'  $%"(   $'  2:<1
7 "( $ =  $%$'&'  $%"( 8 )&'! ?
G  "(1  &'$%  $%"()$%B "U 8  " 7 2$'"( " G!  $  8 "(&%&D6 "(  "(!#$% N $%BE"A&ML*$%   8 "(E$%!"(" 7  !)!$  $/.<$  $%! " 7  $% 8     8) $%"( < $%E)  !
 1UG  1"(   8  "(! ? J"(Q  $%&'! F <&D5$')$'   7 ?    5 .  ?   1! "( 8 !1 8   8 "(E$%!"($%! E 5 "( 8  "6  $%N&%$'2$  ! "   * L* 1 8 &%"( 8 "(!! L ! 8  $%"( !
 7 1 8  $%"(," 7 N5!! 7 "(  :A1=) L &'$'2$  !QG$ 8  8   )+6  8 "(E),G$    
!1&  !" 7 $' 8)    8  $%"(  <=)$%E)  ! ?
 E$' 8     8) $%"(+   7 "(C! 8 &D#,!$%<L* )  $'  ) 8  $%"(!3$'!CB($%.,$'  ? ? .  3$%$' 8     8) $'"(3  S$'   ? . <?   !  2"<)&/L     1  $  T
G$ 8 5$'!!H$' 8 & 8 1&'  $%B    1 J" 7 1UG >1"! 7 "(    * $'$%&D  $'"(! 61 "  $'  S$' 8)    8) $'"(C   $'!   A1  $  T   B($/.(C$'   ? . ?  CB()&  $%!
G$'&'&5 K"(3  $%&'! " 7  I: Q:  E"A)& ?  " GI).  S1  5&'$'" )"(2$'  &%THG$'&'&
 8  T $%  "  36 "(!" " &'  "( !    G"!CN!! $'! 8 &'"(!!  "    " 7  C1  &%$'" ?
  8  7 "(RB($%. 1  &%$'"RE!! 5  7 1 8) $'"(   8  4.(#J1=)H &'" GI





NGP

NEP
Dec
Jun

S

GC

S : Position of Sun
GC : Galactic Center
NEP : North Ecliptic PoleNGP : North Galactic Pole$'B(1 ? .     1& E"A1&'  $%"(R6= 8 1! " 7 E"  $'"(0" 7 :<1  "(1B(NBU5&D 8  $ 8 &'"# 5   !S)."(&'1  $'"E5"(1  H:<1 ?   1!1 " 7    2N:<1 ! .()&'" 8 $  TK 8 !IN <$%1 " 7 . #    5! 8 5 G)45!H$%   8 6   !1 " 7     J:<1 ! .()&'" 8 $  T4 8 !Q02$'$'1 " 7 .     5! 8 ? $'B1"(6  $% 7 "   7 ?  * @?


6="(1 ?    T!!12  $%"(;E#$'   7 ?  .  $'!    $ 7 1  5&'$'"N$'!H .A$%   "(  1   $  !QN <$%1 2$'$%1 .5&%1KG$%&'& 8 "(2 7 "( $%$'&'  $%"(  "  "<LA1  !    = 6 "(!"(! ?  7  01  5&'$'"$'!&%$'B(  )   L*6 "(!"( E !!  $  !
N <$%1 2$'$%1 .5&'1G$'&'& 8 "(2 7 " $'$%&D  $'"(  "  1<L &')  "(! 6  1  ! ?
 $'! $'! !" G$% $'B ? ? .<?  F!"(&'$% ! 8 1 .()! ))!   H6="(1! 7 "    ;:<1 6=  G );G$ 8    $'! 8 "!  $% ?
 Q! 8 "( 1  $  T2G$ 8  $'!! $%   $'$' 8)    8  $'"   Q61  "  $%   $ML 8     8) $'"(2  $'!  " A1$'&'$%6$'  $%"(<L  $'2 L ! 8 &'     + B($%.26UT   ?  5 ?  # ?
 $'!H !F1="( !G )&'& !      * L 1 8 &%"( 8 "(1&'$'B ?  "E 88 "(1  7 "( '    (   ?  $    $'!     .  G$ 8 
%
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3
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2
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6
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$'!   8 1)  61 8 2" 7 8 "(&' >N  ) ?  ,"(&/T  "!2E"A&%! G$ 8 ,B($%.
     8 "(!$% ?  $    )!1  $%"  1 )!Q$%  #B(   > 







*





Residuals (cpd/kg/keV)

Residuals (cpd/kg/keV)

Residuals (cpd/kg/keV) !!1E  $'"!K5+1!$'B   ? . 5 "( 8  8 "(!  $'?   1!  2  K1   $'"R" 7   ! $%J    * &D5!  $ 8 ! 8   $'B0< $'2  7 " #$'  $'! 8 5!  "   1 " 7 1UG  1"(! 8 6  8 & 8 1&D   7 "     * G$  6="  >! 8  &D5Q$'   8) $%"(! ?
 $'! ! 6 "(6UT 5E$%"( " G! A$   C5$'!F!" G $' $'B ? ? ?  ! 8  ) 6  ! 8 &') 7 "RUT "    B(  E!!R!$' 8  ! 8 5&D 8 "(!! L ! 8  $%"( $%!"(="  $%"(& "    "  & A1 8 &')"( 16  ? "     * G$  > <$D& .( 8) "$'  ) 8  $'"! 5   8 "(RL
0.1

2-4 keV
I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1
0.1

500

1000

1500

2000

2-5 keV
I

II

III

IV

2500

Time (day)
V

VI

VII

0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1
0.1

500

1000

1500

2000

2-6 keV
I

II

III

IV

2500

Time (day)
V

VI

VII

0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Time (day)$'B(1 ?     15& E"A1&'  $%"(;" 7  R)!$%1& !$'B&' L $  ).    $'      <=)$%E)  !H 7 1 8  $%"( " 7  $'2 ?    "  &-<="!1#1!J$'!      BE T ?





−40

WIMP−nucleon Cross−section (cm2)

10CDMS 00
Edelweiss
CDMS 03ZEPLIN
DAMA

−41

10

−42

10

−43

10

2

10



WIMP Mass (GeV)$'B(1 ?          &'&%" G )N)B($'"  "B(  SG$   $' 8)    8) $%"( < $%E)  ! ?

3

10

8 ? & ? &'$%E$  ! 7 "( "  

$%!"( $'!R!  $'B(  7 "(G  !$% 8   ! 8  6  8   1) "(&%T 6UT  J:<1 ?  &'!" 7 "(    * G$   <$'& . 8) "(C$'  ) 8  $'"!    +  (?   7 "( 5 1!$'B  R.5&'1)!
" 7   7 "(  :<1 "( 8 ,).5&%1    EE <$'K1 ,E$%$'K1   $%" " 7 $% 8    8) $'"(    7 "(! 8   $%B2"   TA"(B()  "    1  " 7 1UG >1"! 7 "(    *$%$'&'  $%"(!H$'  2:<1 7 "(5  <$D& .( 8  "(    * ?  $%!$'! !" G,$%  R&%" G )  G "
8 1 .(!C$' $'B ? ? ? F"      !0!1&  ! 8 "  6 R! 8 5&'  " "  )  B(  A1 8 &')$!$' 8       * !$% 8 "(1&'$'B  "3)1  "(!S)E"  6  !2!     "3"  "(! ?  $'!
$'! $%! 8 1!!)>$' 7 1    $'&-$'   7 ?  . @?

 )!    )1 .5&%1!  $')=))  " 7   1&%TA$'B3:  :  E"A)& ?    1  $'"(! G$'&'&A&'$%I$%R6=  G )  )! 8 1.!   )TK 21 "(   .5&'1)! 8 "(! 7 "(  
7 52  !S$%N:  :  (:  #   E"A& ?  "3B(  "(1B(E$%4" 7  H!!$  $%.A$  $'! "(!      .(    3$'   AB2" 7 #E$%1    8) "($'! " A1$%.5&')   "  3 .(   F$%  > F  '   " 7 1UG N1"(E   8) "( 7 "(     * G$  E! 8 &' 8 "(1&'$'B(!S





 F).()    Q$'N
1"(    8  "(

L*B( UTA"B(    8) " $'! "(1B(&%T0!2 !    $'N  F

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("      * G$  K! 8 5&D 8 "(1&'$%B 5 $'B ?  $' 8 &'1!   !1 " 7  1 <! 7 "(    *$%$'&'  $%"($'    5    :<1 ?   8 NGI !  "(6  $%+ 8 "6$'  1+&%$'2$ 
7 "(    5  NN:<1 ?  $'! G 5! "(H6UTE$'B  F"(6! .() E <= 8)   1 2$'
4 8  8 "( 8 "()! "($%B  "N0B($/.(JN5!! 7 "(  K:<1;    > 7  ! 8 &'$%B06 T  $ =   <="!1! 5   "(6  $'$'B0 8 "6$'  8 ? & ? &%$'2$  ?  $%!H$%! !" GJ$'$'B ? ?  # ?
:<$% 8 0GING 5 K ";"6  $% 8 "(!).5  $%.(  8 ? & ? 1=)K&'$%E$  ! GI 8 "(!    "<L
E"(! 8 1.  ">E N 8 ")! "() 8  6   GI) $' 8)  $%$' 8     8  $%"(   ! ?
 K4!"(>6 $'B 5 $%!F$%!  KE <$'1P$' 7 >  $%"0" 7 $% 8 F "N$%$' 8     8) $'"(

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$%J6 "      >:<1 ? $'B(1 7 "(

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$ 7 7 "(RB($%. .5&'1" 7    * N5!! 8 "(!! L*! 8) $'"(  $'! $% 7  1UG J1"(  1 $'!B(  )  >:<1  L &%$'2$  !  5  $'! .5&'1C$%!1&% "(1     8 ? & ? #3)&'$%!$'B $%! 5 $' "(  " "(6  $'  8 ? & ? 1 0&'$%E$  "    * L A1 8 &')"( 8 "!! L ! 8) $%"( GI!"(&/.(   ? .   "0B(  7 "(0B($/.( .5&%1" 7    * N5!! ?
;     '$ "    $' 8) :< 1     8)L  $%"(&%$'2 $       5


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

?. 



  1! 1!$'B    "(<L*2"(!  5!) 8 1.3$' $%B ? ?  7 " ! 8 &D5    * ! 5  8 "(RL
6$'):<1=) L &'$'2$  ! 7 "    >>:<1J!" G>$% $%B ? ?  # $'  C)"(2$'  "( " 7  ? .  5  1!$'B   ? . 5 "( 8  !"(&/.( 7 "( 7 ";B($/.()    * E!! ?  $'!
&%!I1!  "KB(   8 ? & ? 1  &%$'2$  "(    * L A1 8 &')"( 8 "(!! L*! 8  $'" ?  $'!I$'!S!" G $' $'B ? ?  &'"B G$    >: 5  &/G$'!!#1=)K&%$'2$  !      6 !    )B($'"( ?

$'B(1 ?   ; <$'1 2$'$'1   $%" " 7 $' 8) .A!3$'$' 8)    8) $'"(   )! 7 "(! 8 5&DJ!$'<L 8 "(1&')    * ! ? $'B(1 7 "(   7 ?   "@?



#
S-K Flux Limits of WIMP-induced Muons from Earth and Sun

-10

-11

10

Flux of upward muons (cm

-2

-1

sec )

10

-12

10
-13

10
-14

10
-15

10
-16

10

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Mass of Neutralino (GeV)$'B(1 ?  #  "(K6$') &'1 3&%$'2$  ! 7 "      5:A1!  7 1 8  $'"C" 7 )1  &'$%"N!! ?
 A1!SGI !)    G "1&'I"(1   !$'B($  8   $%"(K "(  $'"(K" 7      * E  ) ! 8 
7  ."();6UT        <=)$%E)  ?
,  ) 8  T "(1   !5E3<) 8 $%! 7 "( <$'&=. 8) "(    * ! ? F" G $%   ? ? .  5
G 1!  :<1  L &'$'2$  ! 7 "(  :<1 !" G $' $%B ? . # $'   )"(2$'  "(I
G 01!  RE <$'1    8  )+  $'" 7 "(!$'<L 8 "(1&'    * G$ 8 $%!  R1 "   8 1.N$% $%B ? ?  ?   :A1=) L &'$'2$  ! "(    * L*"  "( 8 "!! L ! 8) $%"( 
!" G$' $%B(1 ? * &'"B2G$  J&'$'2$  ! 7 " "  )F$' 8)  < $%E)  !Q&%$ 5)   
;   8 "(&'&'6="  $'"(  . *    &')BU  L !  .  @?  ! GI 8  !) 7 "(  $'! B1  :<1  L &%$'2$  !C"(    * L*"  "( 8 "(!! L ! 8  $%"(  6 "(1    $%E)!E" !)!$  $/.(   "(! 7 "P"  $% 8     8) $'"(   $'2  ! ?

&'!"0R&%$'2$  "(    * L*"  "( !$'<L   Q8 "(!! L ! 8  $%"(J1!$'B2:<1  L &'$%E$  !

7 "(  2:<1 G$   !   ? * 4TA! !6 ),6UT 8 & 8 1&'  )6 T F&'&%$'"      .   5G   T!" GI   3 N 1&S2"<1&D  $'"( !) $%     8 5"  6=26  8 51!




#


−40

WIMP−nucleon Cross−section (cm2)10Super−K
EdelweissCDMS
ZEPLIN
DAMA

−41

10

−42

10

−43

10

1

10





2

10

3

10

WIMP Mass (GeV) $'B(1 ?   :A1=) L  8 ? & ?   8 &%1!$%"( B$'"( !"(&%$' &'$% 7 "(0    * L* 1 8 )&'"(! 8 5&D 8 "(!! L*! 8) $'"(J&%"(BRG$   8 "(!="($'B2)!1&  ! 7 "( "  $' 8     8) $'"(  L=)$'2  ! ?
" 7     * G$    <$D5& .( 8) " 8 "(1&%$'B  ","  " !$' 8   $%!2$%!R1&% "(1  6UT 1&%&!45 8 )! 7 "(    * L $'1 8 ) $%$'&'  $%"(! $%  :<1 7 "( :<1=) L ?  $%! $'! !" GN$'$'B ? ?  <?



#.
−34

WIMP−Proton Cross−Section (cm2)10Super−K (1679.6 days)
UKDMC NaI from combined Na and I
Elegant V

−35

10

−36

10

−37

10

−38

10

−39

10

1

2

10

3

10

10

WIMP Mass (GeV)-3

σ p SD (pb) · (ρ χ / 0.3 GeV cm )$'B(1 ? *  :A1=) L  8 ? & ?   8 &'1!$'"(E)B($'"( 7 "(    * L "  "(  <$'&.( 8) "( 8 "(!! L! 8  $%"(;5&'"(BG$   8 ")! "($%B  8 ? & ?   8 &'1!$'"( &%$'2$  ! 7 "( "     8  "(! ?
10

1

DAMA/NaI
10

10

10

-1

Super-Kamiokande 2000

-2

-3

0



10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

M WIMP (GeV)$'B(1 ?     !  $%N  ! " 7 :<1=) L &'$%E$  !H"(    * L*"  "( !4 8 !CN5R6UT F&%&'$%"

    &%"(B G$         &%&'" G )0B$'"(01!$'B  $'S5 1&2"<1&D  $'"($%! 8 1!

6 T     * G$   !$'<L 8 "(1&'$'B  "0"  "(! ? $'B(1 7 "( .  @?




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 

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 

 '&

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( 2E L  4T L*) 1!  ! (  ) ! 52!"(  +$%  !261!  !#" 7   " !  "  "!
"  "(! G$ 8 G ) !  $'! 8 " .(2$'   *  ! 6 T   !S&DF!  &'&%$  ! ?    $'2I" &%
" 7   T<$ 8 5& (  ) $'!F!" G$' $%B ? *? ?  $'1  $'"(! B( 7 " 6 "(1   E!  "" .  ! ?   T,  22"(!  &'12$'"1! !"1 8 !K$%  01$/.()!2G$    "  5& =" GI2$   $'!     F   > )B  ! ?  )T !" G 0"(AL  E& != 8) 2G$    C 16 ,++" 7 "  "(!   1$  )BTE$'  .5&    &%" G )B($%!  
 G+ 
8 B()!  "  - F  7 "( %  F  J" !   - @?  #=" GIH&D4G  ) 8 #.5$')!
1  " ( " ! )B($')!S0"( (  ) 5! 6=)      $/.(&/T   8) )N S  ! )B($')!   "@?
 )T E$%&%T0"<1 8 )J  8 "!2"(&'"(B$ 8 5& $'!   8 !  AL*!$ 7  !   8 )$%B # 4.(
6=);245!1 ? "(NUT (  )  ! 5  7  )B(&%" G!H   $'B21  "E$%"0G 4.()!Q4.(#6=)
   8)   7    E$'$  $D5& 61!  5 G$ 8  8  &'!  1  ">! .(&  TA! ? J"(N  $%&'!C"((  ) ! 8  6  7 "(1 $'   7 ?   @?


#



##
BATSE Trigger 8105

1.40•104

Ch: (1: 4)
Time Res: 0.128 s
1.30•104

Rate (counts s-1)

1.20•1041.10•104

1.00•1049.00•103

8.00•103
-10

0
10
20
Seconds Since Trigger (000513 : 64253.177)

30

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 9

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?  JB1&DK$'!  $%61  $'"( " 7 )   :  (  )  !GI;$'!"  "($ 8  8 "(!!   )  $' ! UT
G$ 8  1&% "(1  RBU&' 8) $ 8 "$'B$' 7 "(   (  ) )!   # @?
)    :  8 "!$%!  )J" 7  %    &  % -     $ 8    ! 8 $'  $%&'&D  "( 5 !!$  $%.(  " < 4TA!
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Size of Angular Region

Angle between upmu and GRB (degrees)



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14
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0

5

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140
upmu arrival time

130
120
110
100

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90
80
70
60
50

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

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Wc*250

Upward thru muons in galactic coordinates

Data (1679.6 days)

Data (1679.6 days)
M.C. without oscillations
M.C. with oscillations

225

M.C. with oscillations

70

Number of Events

Number of Events

M.C. w/o oscillations

80

200
175
150
125
100
75

60
50
40
30
20

50

10

25
0

Upward stopmus in galactic coordinates

90

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

Galactic latitude (in Degrees)

80

0

-80

-60

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-40

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0

20

40

60

80

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Stopping power [MeV cm2/g]* # ""%" #,!  &." " !  # "  4 1  ! " & #,! &  ? /.#0/ 8  +@ 1  ! % # &.+"  # J&% (+" # &-   ! +"   " "" " &"        ! * #  " *"  1 &   ! $ "["" &." #    ! $ # !  *  &  ! 1   # "  ! &.+" # 1 &   ! "(  [ ! # & #      !  ! "  4Q ""J ! 1  ** "J # ""%  (+" `  """   #,!  & -7"(" &% !  !    # E0# W#  A1  ""%"*  ! - ! *  &  "F   !  ! "  4> ""  ! % # &."F"F"% &% !  !
   # E0# /0#   +1 " &1 #   ! "  4  ! % # &" % "% "+"%" &." #    ! #,! d  ! Q P # &   !  ! "  4(" ' W  ,+  !W /,` 2#  9
  #,!    !  ! +"  4  * % # " &."    !
 "" " # "  . #     ! "'"'*  # -S  # &3' / Y ) ,+$ $ & %  & # & #    &. !  !- $* &    " ! "   " #  ! 
((%F     -* 1 & &. # & # " #  !   "  T(  ! &" "   &"D" # [*  B1  ! & #  ! * % # ">   ! "  "  &% " !    ! "% 1 ^ !  "   " # - # &(  ! +"  4Z "" " # < 1     ! " # ">1 #  (* ""  ! &'&   %" &  ! "  4 ! $ &" !  "5%"  !
 "" # [*    "  =% " ! ;  ! " %D    "( ! < -** +" :  # [  S # !   #   " #  " &  " , # & &"J" # [*    "J*  4 "1" #,!  # " &."  !   4%" & - " # &"    !    ! " % 1   %"   ! +"  4V ! 4 &"       !  P # &  ! %    
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 7* "  +1 "" "  W /,` $#     &"5 ! 1 # &. ;: I  <  $& #  !  4 "   # & ! #   $ & W YY    ! T(  ! &" # & # 1  ;  !  ! +"  4 #( " %   ";  # &  $ " #    " & $ % @"   # &. #    & W YY 8  ! & ¦ # "  ;  !
(( ! & "  %   "%d "%1+&  ! " #,!   ! &" 4 *   ! &" % +"d" # % !
"  &9 &% ! % # " ;  !
 # & # " # [*    # & W Y )  + $ / Y )  + $ c Y )  + $ W YY ) ,+$ / Y,Y ) ,+$ c YY ) ,+$ W YYY )  + $(/ YYY )  +$ c YYY ) ,+$ W Y,YYY ) ,+$ #,! ;\ Y,YYY ) ,+ #  "  ! #   " " &    & # #  " " # +*  ( "  &% " ! # " %   # " "%    # "F;  ! " &  &.%" &   " #    " & # " %   # " &   !  +"" & #,! ((&.' -* 1 &. " # +1 &  !  "  &% " ! #,!  !  ! : %"  &% +" !- (  ! & " # &  # "  "  ! +"   " #  (((
 "   # & # 1 " &.+"  ! &  &%" & &A* "  " #,! 1     " #    " &. % @1  # ""  #,! T(  ! &("# "  &% " !    /  =c GCH JI K  % +"  " &.$'- *" ! 1 ' ! &B   !  ! "  4 # & ! &." #,! 
1  #,!   - &F*   ! &"D-. 3 4 &.J   !   ! &.+ ! &.JR ¤ #  $ &.$"%"     # &% 1  "  &% " !  11 "" % # "B1   "  ! &    /.# c 8  +@ 1 " ! 1 A 4  4  : "1 #,!!  ! ;  !
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  ! & " # "   !  &"  ! +"  4 $  & % # "   !  &. # & &.$  ! %" +&   "+"%" &" #    !     ! " # &&."  ! "  4 #
 "  # & W Y )  +$ / T(  ! &" %  &   /  c GCH I K  # "%  -" " (  #   "
 

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1 & !  ! & " %  &   /  c=GCH JI K  %  &  # 0; [1  ! 1 4 #( ;: I =<   #  8  ! & ¦ # "  T(  ! &" # & # 1 U;  !  ! "  4 #  !- %  &. & 0**+1 &  #   '" "  =% !  !    # E0# /0#   #, "+  ! & "   &.  0 [ ! 1 # & ! &. # & &) ¡     &.+1 &  "E"   # &  !   "A     &.    !  ! "  49 ""A ! % # &" " # "  ! #  4(%   # '=% ! " &3%" &"-$ &   ! "E"  ! " &!  &  & #   " # &E( " 4 -    ! +"   " # !   & !
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PMT

θ

Dwat
42

D pmt

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D pmt = Distance from muon entry point to PMT.

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E.# \  )    &." 43¦ "% ! S  +""  !
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< 1 & # /0# WW#(.-"  " # 1[1 # "  8$+&.1+&  4 &.$ J8  % 81 #  1  # &. # 1  ""1+& 1 # "      ! !

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FE0# / Wccharge*distance/acceptance

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Distance travelled by light (m)   $"

J8 

(

(

50

(

E.# c    0*  ! (  ! &  #  # &%&. ( !  # &   !  1 # "   # &"1  ""%1 &  !-  "5-"%& #,! 1+ #,! 
1# 1+*$& #,! 1+ # " #  ! 1 &   !  *$  &  ! &" # (  -"%& #,! 1+ #% "%e" &. " # % 1 # "  @+&1+&  4  # 1 J8   '   "8" &% !  !  "% E0# \ #,! " & ( 8  #,!   # " # 1+1 $* & #,! 1  #,!  "  #  =%  ! # " "% &% !  !    " E0# & @    ªFª
  #  
" #,! # "- &." # " 4 !  " #  Q P # &   ! 1  ! " & #,! & # G    M    N((( 1 # "  (8  " # &" # &  ! !  ! :  !   "+ & 45 &.     & "  "1+   #  &" &  ;  ! &." # 1CS 8  1  # "    !  !  !    # &   ! E0# / 1 #,!
#,!   &.$" " # "  ! "  &@1  "%"1 &   ! " &  & " # % J( ! "" &  ["   # - !, #,!  "   +& " #  !  " #  4Z # "  / ( #   "  " 1 +"%& #  ! J 8  " #  " &." "% # "  ! 1  "%"1 &   ! " # " # *-*    &  &. " # % 1  # "     ! 4 &  "  ( 8  " % 1 ((" # &" 4 &. &%  ! 1  ! - &   ! "  & YY 1

 '   K   #   Y /0#& Y,YY 1W 

 E*   1+&Q*   ! & #  ! &@   ! &." # 1CS  # " &    # &  " # &.+" &. #,! / &. % #  #  " G  G

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"

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! 1 #   ! @1  "%"1 & (  ! " #,! /1 & " # " # **    %   $& #  ! &. # !" #  71  ""%1 &. 1 # "  #  !-  # 1c Y 1  &.$ &" # 1CS       #,! / & "8"%& # & "%&1 #  "%"  "  
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FE0# \ %    "! " 1 #$ 1%   !'& **    ( ) & 1 +*(8 ,.- !  ¦ "$ ! 0S /21 31 / !  & 11/   - !- 4/(
 E.0# / 5&,! +  "6 - "7 & S  ! /21  &0898 "1 :*(8 , "    %- 1  &08;8 %- "- !   - 1  !
¡ !
c Y 1 6  - <! &,!  % "- 1  * & "=" " 1"" - ! E0# \ #0/0# ¨ (  &08 "/ ! 3 >4/31 &08 -   &   & 1  &, 
1  &           /21 3  6  / !  & 1CS : 8  !  / &,! - / ! - P - !    / - ! 6 "/ ! % ?M  
 A@    I B C9 D
 
 @
?M  W I 
BC9D
A@

FE5E & 

F      -9GH I H - I ¡ JI E E5E \ E ,KJLG F -  GNM / $M - /#I G & I H M3L G  /#I  F / L 8 H  5O 3M N  &  F - 8;8QP +M /#I G & IJNRS/  & I - /#I - P - I"T6 L /#I E  / F  1  -;GU-;G I"/0 
/ P G$3 1 H E RVI G O -  /0R) "G$WM / $M - /#I G    - I M & GG F -  6 L /#IXO & 5Y
8  I"T0  E , / G -9GZ M :6Z/  O  /#6 - I  I[ 8;\  F WM &08 ML 89& 3H " & 1  & T >M / $M H
M &  T  & 1  & T H /21 H- 3$ IJK1 &08 LG /]R H-;G & I M  & 1  8 3H P[\8 - T  - I F & ^ "_   RS/ cb
1 & $- / LG 8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 / 6 L /#I  1  I[ G F -;Ma & 1   /  c=GCHed I K%f E ,K-;Gg-9GUG$ / F I- I !- T L$ E5E  E ,KJLG /0I hM & I G$  &   & 1 3 & T UM / $$3M HWM &  T  & G & 6  1 &08 LG /0R
8 - T    & 1  8 H-;G & I MN-9G I/0 M /#I G & I[ & I H>-9GiM / $$ 8j& H F -  4/0 &08 6 L /#I  & M S Y 8  IT0  E
- T 

  & M S Y 8  IT0   T $ & 3 hM &  T  & I H 1 -9MkY 1 $G & E

WE
Monte-carlo

35

muon length greater than 30 m
muon length between 20 and 30 m
muon length between 10 and 20 m
muon length less than 10 m

corrected charge

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Distance travelled by light (m)E5E   ,K & 1 3 & T UM / $M H M &  T  LG- IT   L & - /0I E5E0/ & G & R L I M - /#I/0RO  /0$/#I
 & 1  8 H-9G & I M3 RS/  6 L /#I G /0R51 & $- / LG O &  Y 8  IT0 G E G F  M & I G$3  & 1  & T  M / $M H
M &  T U- I M & GG F -  6 L /#I:O & 5Y 8  IT0  E
!- T L"$I ) \ O /0 3G$-;G $/ & MM / L I[KRS/  -;G`-9G  &  G$- I M  6 L /0IO &  Y 8  IT0 - I M3$ & G$G 
& HH- - /0I &08[8 - T  R  /#6/ L G$-;H  ¦ 3$ I S0/21 M /#I  T  G!G$M & $ 3$3H'- I[4/i  M /#I  E , /= 3G
-;G  \ O /0 G-9G  F $ T  I 3 & H 8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 /g6 L /#I  1  I[ G & 1 & - / LG O & 5Y 8  IT] G7G / & & I \ O  /0$/#I F "-9M /0  F -9G F / L 8 H  & 1  T#/0 G$M & $ 3$3H T  G &0P G /  P 3H & I H $H"-9H
 O 8 /] E ,KJLG F   M - 1  8 \L I H /8 - T  G$M & $ - IT E ,K-;G O 8 /0 -;GG$ / F I - I
!- T L"$ E5E E F  F +G$  & 6  & I M / $M H M &  T Z-;G & OO  / - 6 &  8 \ M /#I G & I[
& I H -9GK- I H O  I H" I[=/]R!6 L /#I:O &  Y 8  IT0  E, / & MM / L I[RS/  -;Gi 3M - I "8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 / & I H H & &  1  I[ G  F UM &08 ML 89& 3H 

6  & I M / $M HM &  T  & R 3 & O"O 8;\ - I"TU M / $M - /0I G - I   L & - /0I E5E / & I H ML $ - ITg/ L& I \ *(8 ,KG F -9MZH /gI"/0 G & -9G R \ M /#I H- - /#I G RS/  1 & $- / LG 6 L /#IZO & 5Y 8  IT0 G & G / L 8 - I 3H- I GM - /#I E E \ E / & I H "$ 3H & G$3M /#I H Y / H O / 8;\ I/06 - &08 HGM- P H - I JI E5E c E ,K¡

1 & $- & - /0I /0R6  & I M / $M 3H M  &  T  & G & R L I M - /#Ia/]R6 L /#IaO & 5Y 8  I"T0  -9GgG / F I - IWMonte-carlo

35

muon length greater than 30 m
muon length between 20 and 30 m
muon length between 10 and 20 m
muon length less than 10 m

corrected charge

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Distance travelled by light (m)E5E E & 6  O 8 /0 & GK- I E E    M O"  & KRS/   8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 /  1  I[ G=- I -9G O 8 /0 iG$M & $ $3H O  /04/#IZT  G &0P G /  P H E G F M & I G R  /#6 -;G O 8 /0Q  6  & I M / $M H
M &  T U-;G- I H O  I H IJi/0R " 6 L /#I O &  Y 8  IT0  E
!- T L"$

T L E E  @ Y YY c \   a Y & Y &  a  W Y \c

F   -9G  6 L /#INO &  Y 8  IT0 N- Ig6  3$G & I H    -9G 7 5O 3M H 1 &08 L /0RRS/  & I"/#I YVG / F 3$- ITZ6 L /#I E

 G   

 I   N         

FE5E c 
 





 I     N

RVI & HH- - /#I $/  M G M & LGH P[\ G$M & $ 3$- ITa/0R ¦ "$ IS0/21 8 - T  - I[$/ >M /0I  I/0I Y
G$ / F $- IT:6 L /#I G F - - IW (G & 6  O &  Y 8  IT0 > & I"T  &08 G / G / F & 1 & - & - /#I F -9M<-;Gcb
M / $ 89& 3H F -    E ,K-9GZ-9G+G$ / F I - I !- T E(E5E `  RS/  & Y Y \  &  & 46+/ G O -9M I L $- I/
8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 /  F 3$ F  G$ / F ")M / $ 8j& - /#I F -   6  & I M &  T  RS/  6 L /#I G - IZ F /O &  Y 8  IT0 >$ T - 6 G  E  W Y 6  & I H  & Y  & c f  E - I M / L T#/ &08 -9G $/ G$ 8 3M
cbH M i6 L /#I G F -     /  c=GCHed I K%f  F  6 LG & MM / L I[RS/  " 1 & - & - /#I - I M &  T 

W`

24
22

< Qcorr (pe) >

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Muon Path-length (m)!- T L"$

E5E  8  & I M / $M 3H<M &  T 

G$M /#I H / $H3 

 



 & G & R L I M - /#I /0R6 L /#I 8  IT0  & I H 
Y f
E f  W'Y f  Wc f
W'
Y f
Wc f  /'Y f  /c f/'
Y f
/c f  \'\'Y f  \c f
\c f  &'Y f&'
Y f  &c f





W#E \

YE

YE
YE
#W E Y

/5E Y
/5E Y

W#E Y

, &0P8  E5E W i& G & R L I M - /#I:/0R!6 L /#I:O & 5Y 8  IT] 

F - "- Ic b G & 6  O & 5Y 8  IT0   T - 6  RS/ H-  I[1 &08 L3G /0R  /  c 8  + M 6 E,K RS/  RS/  & M O &  Y 8  IT0  $ T - /0I F  & GG$- T#I H & G \ G  6 & -9Mi$ /  B F "-9M F & Gcb  L &08 4/< : 6 G /0R  6  & I M &  T  /0R &]898 6 L /#I G F -  /  c 8  + M 6 & I H
F - "- I hG & 6  O & 5Y 8  IT0 :- IJ  1 &]8 E ,K-;G-9G &]P L 8j& H:- I , &0P8  E5E W#E

< Qcorr (pe)>

WEY
20
18
16
14
12
10
8

40 m < L < 45 m

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

2.8

3

< Qcorr (pe) >dE/dX (MeV/cm)
20
18
16
14
12
10
8

7 m < L < 10 m

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

dE/dX (MeV/cm)

 1 G cb RS/  I/#I YVG$ / F - ITN6 L /#I G / P & - I HZLG$- IT & Y \  &  8 /#I[ E5E `     / hG & 6 h & IT  /0RO & 5Y 8  IT] G¦`& 8 F - - I 

!- T L"$¨ #  3476    

# A4 1 $ 

2



  & 1  O 8 /]$ 3H M / $M 3H & 1 3 & T  M &  T   & R   M / $$3M - /#I G & I H M3L G & G
HGM$- P 3H  /e1 FY E c 6 &08 /#IT " 6 L /#IZO & 5Y 8  IT0  RS/  & I/  6 &08 - /#I - P - I"T 8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 /6 L /#I  1  I[ - I !- T E E EW Y E ,K-9G -9G7GG$ I[ - &08;8;\+& M / $M HH  H  O 8 /0 & 71 & $- / LG O / - IJ G¡
&08 /#I"T  6 L /#IX  & M S & I H F WM & I G$3  & - -9G & OO  / - 6 &  8;\ M /#I G & I[ E  IX 
/0 3h & I H  H  H  O 8 /0 RS/  & G$ / F - IT 6 L /#I F -9M  & G "+G & 6  6 L /#I  I[  \¡O / - I[ & I H H-9M - /0I & G  - /#I - P - IT /#I 'M & I P 'G$3 I - I !- T E E5E W Y  $- T  )O & I  8  F 3$F hM & I GhJL T  L O F & $H LM L & - /#I G & G /#OO / G$3H $/ & I - /#I - P - ITg6 L /#I E  L & - 6 -;G 4/
M /#I G LM & R L I M - /#I F -9M+M & I H-;G - IT L"-9G$ P  F  I 3G$ F / M & GG E ¨ iG$ &]898 H-;G$M3LG$G
-;GK- I  I  GM - /#I E

90Mean corrected photo-electrons / 0.5 m

Mean corrected photo-electrons / 0.5 m

W E0W

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

0

2

4

6

8 10 12 14 16 18 20

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

Projected Distance Along Track (m)!- T L"$

0

0

2

4

6

8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Projected Distance Along Track (m)E5E W Y  H ¡  H  H-;G - P L - /0I/0R & I/  6 &08 - /#I - P - IT'6 L /#I 8 /0IJ  ¦`&  8 /  1  I[  8  R

O & I  8  & I H & G / F 3$- ITa6 L /0I  1  I[  - T  ZO & I  8  F - 
H-9M - /#I E                L" & - 6 -;G 4/  L & I[ - & - 1  8;\ H-9G - IT L-;G$ P  F  I¨ hH I 
&  & G RS/ 898 / F G ? M     @ G & 6 W I[  \ O / - I[ & I H





 



 



       F / M & G$3GNG / F I - I !- T E E EW Y E

           A@F      -9GH" I 3H - I ¡ JI E E    -;GH I H - I ¡  L & - /#I E5E
  

B 



 E5E  

B C9 D -9G JI E E5E & E ,K GL 6 - I JI E E5E  -;G

G & -9G -;M &08 3$ /  - I           ;- G H I H - I¡¡&   I L O"4/ " 89& G "!i6 /0R   6 L /0I  & M (& I H+-9G &#  I+/21 3 /0I 8;\  / G P - I G RS/  F -9M / %$ E ,K  & G /#IgRS/  -;G!-;G  & RS/ G /#6   1  I[ G /]RO &  -9M3L 8j&  8;\ G$ /    @O &  Y 8  IT0 G RS/  F -;M   -;G I"/0 T0/5/ H  3$ & $ 6 & I \+P - I G RS/  F -;M   & 1  & T 
M / $M 3H M &  T <-;G 6 LM G 6 &08;8   & I <' & O M H 1 &08 L" & I H G$- I M F  &  /#I 8;\- I[ 3$G 3H - I L O F & $H 1  I[ GLM L & - /0I G R  /#6

 6  & IZ1 &]8 L F - 8 =G$ & $M"- IT(RS/  G$ / F - ITG 8j&  T  I  T & - 1 N'&5MLG$- /#I G R  /#6

 6  & I 1 &08 LUM & I>6 - 6 -9M

=1 &08 LG /0R

! E=/
1 & - &0sinP8  2Θ=1.0) F -9M-;G
$ &]8 G$ / F - IT  1  I[ G E , /  6+/e1 )G$L"M M & G$3G F  H" I  & I/0 "(∆m =0.002
H I H & G 
2@           


 





2

  


 E5E E        RS/ F  & OO 8 -;H NML i4/ G$ O &  &  P  F 3 I G$ / F - IT & I H I"/#I YVG / F 3$- IT 6 L /#I G
F  & OO 8 -93H "`M- Y G  L & K- I JI E;E5E  & I H  1 & $- &0P8  H I H+- I JI E;E5E E 4/ &08;8 

!

¡

¡

/ H & \ G /0R L O F & H $L T#/ - I"T'6 L /#I H & &'& I H & $ \  &  & 46+/ G O -9M I L $- I"/ 8 /#I[ ¦`&  8 /H"G$M3$- P 3HW- I

G$ / F I - I !- T E E5E ! ! E

3M E & E & E ,K" P  & 1 - /  /0R



&I H

/#I H & &Z& I HA8 /0IJ  ¦`&  8 / -;G

200

800
700

160
140

No of events

600

Data
Monte-Carlo (no Osc)
Monte-Carlo (Osc)

180

Data
Monte-Carlo (no Osc)
Monte-Carlo (Osc)(∆m2 =0.002 sin2 2Θ =1.0)

No of events

500

120
100

400
300

80
60

200
40
100

20
0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3
2

3.5

4

4.5

5

0

-4

log10(χ )E E ! ! 2¤ -;G - P L - /0I G /]Ri  1 & - &0P8 G
H & & & G F  8;8 & G 8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 / E
!- T L"$



-2

0
2
4
6
[ mean qcorr - Q(L) ] 8  R gO & I  8  & I H

810 $- T  (O & I  8  RS/  " I & OO 8 -93H -9G &08 T#/ $-  6 4/ / L8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 /  1  IJ G & I H & I  1  IJ F & G
 / $ /   & $ E ¨ -  -9GML F  RS/ L I H & $/0 &]8
M /#I G-9H3$3H G$ / F - IT - R   / ¨/0R  ! /  G$ / F - IT6 L /#I  1  I[ G - I  & $ Y \  & $6Z/ G O 3$-;M A8 /0IJ  ¦`&  8 / E ¨ -  -;GML K    M-; I M \ /0R H M - IT G$ / F $- IT 6 L /#I  1  IJ G & G & R L I M - /#I/]RO & 5Y 8  IT0 -;G

!E
O 8 /0 3H+- I !- T L"$ E5E ! /5E ,KG3G - 6 & 3H P& M  T  / L I H R  /#6 I/0I YVG / F 3$G7- I( "-9GQG & 6ZO 8 -9G &0P / L  E

efficiency for showering detection

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

10

15

20 25 30 35 40
Muon Path Length (m)4550

E5E ! / ¡  Mc-; b I M \ /0R  NM3L - I -9H" I[ - R \ - IT G$ / F - IT 6 L /#I  1  I[ G  - E  E &0898
6 L /#I G RS/  F "-9M   5/ E  8  + M 6 !- T L"$

¨

 




#  # A4 1 $   I & O"O 8 -;H  &08 T0/ $-  6 F -  'ML G & I H  G / 8 H & G)HGM- P H - IW O $ 1 - / LGG$3M - /#I'4/ &08;8 L O F & H $L T#/ - I"T 6 L /#I  1  I[ G - I(  & $ \  &  8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 /G & 6+O 8  E ,K I  T \ G O 3M L 6 /0R KL O F & $H+G$ / F $- ITU6 L /#I  1  I[ G R  /#6  & $ \  & 
& 46+/ G O -9M I L $- I/ 8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 / -;GUG / F I - I !- T E E5E ! "E G F  M & I G  6  & I I 3 T \ /0R  O &  I[ I L $- I"/ G /0R L O F & $H G$ / F $- ITg6 L /#I G &0P / L ! ,  + E I !- T E;E5E ! 

F + & 1  &08 G /O 8 /0$ H   I  T \ G O M L 6 /0R &0898 I/#I Y G$ / F $- IT L O F & H $L 6 L /#I G E- I M3 " I L 6 P 3 /0R L O F & $H:G$ / F - IT 6 L /#I G`-;G G 6 &08;8 M /#6ZO & $3H 4/  I[ -9$ L T#/ - IT
6 L /#I G & 6ZO 8    6  & I  I  T \ /0RiI/#I YVG$ / F - IT 6 L /#I G & 6+O 8  -9G(G & 6  & G  & '/0R

!E&
0& 898 $L T#/ - I"T 6 L /#I G 1 - P E ! $ $ )  + E ,K 6 L /#I  I 3 T \ G O 3M $L 6 /0R   M &  T#/ $-93G/0R  1  I[ Gh-9GG$ / F I - I !- T E E5E ! & E ,K 6  & I<6 L /#I  I  T \ /0R (G$ / F - IT G & 6ZO 8 g-;G&0P / L /  $ )  + E

ShoweringNon-showering

0.6

Stopping
0.5

-2

-1

-1

cm s sr )0.7

dΦ/dlogEυ( 10

-13

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1

2

10

10
10
Eυ (GeV)

3

10

4

10

5

E5E !    3L - I/  I  T \ G O M $L 6 0/ R ]& 898   M &  T#/ -9G /]R L O F & $H 6 L /#I G E

!- T L,KJLG  NG$ / F - IT G & 6ZO 8 U$ O $G I[ G g- T 3G  I  T \ I L $- I/ H & & G$ G IL O 3 & 6 - / ]& I H E  I  1  I[ H-9G O 8j& \ /0R & I L O F & $H<G$ / F - IT6 L /#I -;GG / F I - I-IE =/5E ,K & IT L 8j& 'G / 8 L - /#I /0R L O F & H.G / F 3$- I"Ta6 L /#I G+-;G G - 6 & 3H $/ P !- T E 5E

!  /  P[\ 8 / /  - IT &  "gH- 3$ I Mg- I M /0I G $LM H & I H $L  6 L /#I H-;$M - /#I G E ,K"-9G-9G G / F I - I !- T E E5E ! 5 E  / F  & F K & 1 -9G / 8j& H -9G!H & & G$ & 6Z/#I"T=  8 /#I[  ¦`&  8 /F  F / L 8 H 8 -   $/ H /+ hG & 6  RS/  "UH & & E


¨




  # %$  



 

# A4 1 $ 


 


 I F  & OO 8 -93H G$ / F - IT &08 T#/ $-  64/ iL O F & $H L T#/ - ITh6 L /#I H & & G$ F 
/ P & - I 3H & 4/] &08 /0R   /  1  I[ G E   RS/ $ F  O 8 /0i 3-9 P  I - <H"-9G $- P L - /#I  F  I 3H 4/

!E
1

-1

0.7

ShoweringNon-showering
Stopping

0.6
0.5

dΦ/dlogEµ( 10

-13

-2

0.8

-1

cm s sr )

0.9

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 -1
10

1

10

2

10
10
Eµ (GeV)

3

10

4

10

5

E5E ! & 8 L /0I  I  T \ G O M $L 6 /0R &]898   M &  T#/ -9G /]R L O F & $H 6 L /#I G E

!- T L G - 6 &  " P& M  T  / L I H R  /#6 H / F I F & $H T#/ - IT M / G 6 -;MN & \ 6 L /#I Gi- I  P - I M 8 / G$3G
4/' h / $- P3/#I  LG 8 -   RS/ KL O F & H $L T0/ - IT & I H G 4/#O"O - IT 6 L /#I G E 
                  & OO 8 -;H / LgG / F 3$- IT &08 T0/ $-  6 $/ 0& 8;8  / $- P/#I[ &]8 $L T0/ - IT M / G 6 -;M  &2\ 6 L /#I G
R  /#6 3M E "E "E ,K P  I -  1 G & P - 6 L  &08 H-;G $- P L - /#I /0R G$ / F - IT 6 L /#I G I  &   / $- P/#I -9G=G / F I - I - T E E5E ! E  G F (M & I G$3  - I  / M   T - /#IWR  /#6 F  6Z/ G/0R  M /#I[ & 6 - I & - /0I & $-;G$GU-9GhG & 6  & G RS/  "$L T#/ - IT 6 L /#I G $  / & $  E   $/#O /0R  & I  /  = &"O / - I[ &  P /0$$/#6 /0R7 " & I  E  / F  1 3 F  I F   \ $/ H / &  LG- ITJI E & E0/ 3$i-9G &hP L 6+O+6 & - I 8;\ - I' " $  K   #   $%$ ! E ,K-9G-;G 6 & - I 8;\ M & LG$3H P[\ G$ / F - IT
M /  I  YVM 8 - OO G I  &   P /04/#6 /0R!  & I   RS/  F "-9M gH-;$3M - /#I -;G P& H 8;\ M /#I Y I $  M H &08;8  1  I[ G RS/  F -;M "= I[  \ O / - I[ -;G &G LM H P[\ 6+/ $  & I E E , /  6+/21  "G$  1  IJ G  &08;8  1  IJ G RS/  F -;M  O M3-9G$- /#I

!E
Angular resolution of Showering thrumus
250

No of events

200

150

100

50

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Angle between precision fit and truth fit- T L"$ E5E !   IT L 89& hH-9M - /0I P  F  Ia  O $3M-9G- /#I  & I H $L"  H-9M - /0I G RS/ 
L O F & H G$ / F - IT 6 L /#I G & G 6  & GL$3H F -  & & $ \  &  8 /#I[  &  8 / G & 6ZO 8  E ,K
G$ & H"HW"-9G $/#T  & 6  O G$ I[ G  /0R  4/0 &08 &  & & I H M / $$3G O /#I HG 4/ !  /   H  6 - I H:'&5- O / - I[ F & G F - - I / 6 /0R "  P /04/#6  F  O & G$GH 4/ & I  M 8 LG Y
- IT &08 T#/ $-  6 M &0898 
H    & E  RK    P& GH '&5- (O / - I[ F & G & P /04/#6 /0R!  & I    I 3G$( 1  I[ G F 3$'$ 6Z/21 H E ,K     M-; I M \4/ $ 6Z/21  3G$ 1  I[ G+-;G &0P / L  $  E ,K I  & ( / $- P/#I[ &]8 H-;G $- P L - /#I /0R G / F 3 Y
- IT<6 L /#I G F -  & I H F -  / L (   aML -9G(G / F I - I - T E E5E ! E5E  -  -;G  +ML  P L 6+O T#/ G & F & \ G 8 - T  8;\(P L I"/0 M /#6+O 8   8 \ E /  -9G & I &08;\ G$-;G F 
LG$  P& M  T  / L I H 3G - 6 & 3H & R  >ML E ,K(3G - 6 & 3H P& M  T  / L I H-9G E   ! "!M+ #%$'& ,*& ,*(*-) E  M & LG$ /0RK  "- T  8 \ & G \ 6+6  -9M+$ /  P& $G  M & L"G$H [P \  P L 6+O 
F (M /5/ Gg3$ /  F -;M>-9G  & 1  & T  /]R NL O F & $H & I HWH / F I F & H<$ / $G E ,KJLG RS/ @ E   /65?E   !,KH-;G $- P L - /#I /0R L O F & $H G / F 3$- I"T 6 L /#I
H & & F -  & I H F -  / L P& M  T  / L I HWG$L P  & M - /#I -9GG / F I - I - T E 5E E ! "E
G$ / F $- IT 6 L /#I G'/.10'243

! E=E
Azimuth distribution of all showering muons

10

3

10

2

(2)

Zenith vs Azimuth for showering muons (641.4 days)

(1)

0

-0.2

cos Θ

No of Events

(1)

-0.4

-0.6
10
-0.8

1

0

50

100

150

200

250

Φ (degrees)

300

-1

350

0

50

100

150

200

250

Φ (degrees)

300

350

- T L"$ E5E ! ,K" & P - 6 L  &]8 H-;G - P L - /0I)/0R &0898 G$ / F - ITi6 L /#I G - I L O   & 6 - /  & I H"
F -   ! %$  K    #   $$  ,K($ T - /0I 8j&0P  8 H  /  F "-9M<M / $$3G O /#I HG $/ $    / & $  $ O $3G$ I[ G " - I  / M   T - /#I/0R  6+/ L I[ & - I E    




 

6  

 )I 3L - I/  I 3 T -;G /0R &0P / L ! ,  + & I HW"- T 3  I L $- I"/ / GM- 8;8j& - /#IO  / P&]P - 8 - \ & GG$L 6 - IT f ,  $$ $ /  + ,  & I H  , / # ! $  -9G I  T 8 - T - P8  E ,KJLG  / P G 1 H@

H-9G $- P L - /#Ih/0R G$ / F $- IT=6 L /#I G G$ / L 8 H & T $3 F -   O H-;M - /#I G R  /06 I/=/ G$M- 8989& - /#I E
F KH / & R L 898 Y G$M &08  / G$M3- 8;8j& - /#I & I &08 \ G$-9G  F iM /#6+O & $   I L 6 P  H-;G $- P L - /#I/0R / P G$3 1 H G$ / F $- IT H & &'& I H 8 /#I[  &  8 / & R 3 I/  6 &08 - P - ITh4/  & M /0 3 E G F   RS/ 

G$ R  /#6

- T E E E !    \(& T $3`$ & G /#I &0P8;\ F  898 E  / F  1  F  F / L 8 H 8 -   4/ H 6+/#I G  & 

-;G F -  & RS/  6 &08 / G$M3- 8989& - /#I & I &08;\ G-9G E

 
          

 =1 3 \ - T   I  T -93G  U &   P M /#6 3G /#O5 -9M &0898 \  -9M  4/ZI L $- I/ G & I H I L $- I/ G
M & I  & 1  & I -  O  / P&0P - 8 - \ /0RUT   - I"T &0P G /  P H  !  & E ,K I 3L - I/ &]P G /  O" - /#I

!E
Cut on top of tank and bottom
26.02

3

Cut on top of tank and bottom
23.38

0.78490.708910.80

10Region (1) Φ < 60 , Φ > 240

Number of Events

Number of Events

10

P1
P2
P3

/ 15
1.761
1.642
66.55

Region (2) 60 < Φ < 240

10

2

10

1

3

/ 15
1.785
1.594
67.23

0.76450.7109
10.81

Region (1) Φ < 60 , Φ > 240
Region (2) 60 < Φ < 240

10

2

10

1

-1

10

P1
P2
P3

-1

-0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02

010

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08

-0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02

cosΘ

0

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08

cosΘ

- T L"$ E5E ! E    YV / $- P/#I[ H-9G $- L - /#I /0R G$ / $- ITW6 L /#I G RS/  $  !  K   #  $$  - I  - I & & I H -9M   / &]M 8  $ T - /#P I E ,K 8  R 7O &F I  8 G / F G "-9GH-9G - P L - /#I F  -  / L   >ML & I H "($- T  )O & I  8 G / F G -;G)H-9G - P L - /#I F -    
ML E   ML G & $hG & 6  & Gi- I - T E & E E
EO  / P&0P - 8 - \ -9G T - 1  I P[\ 

_ .

@ H



  _ :  # 

 E5E

F   #  -9G "+ 3M - 1 +M / 8 L 6+I H O"   / L T  + &   & & T - 1  I 8 - I  /]R G$- T & IT 8  # J -9G  I 3L - I/ M / G$G YVGM - /#I & & T - 1  I  I  T \ :ZE ,K 6  & I'R $3 O &  /0R &I L $- I/ P M /#6 G7  L &08 4/  &   G7H- & 6  3 & &]P / L J& $U,  + E , /  1 &08 L &  i M G

/0R I 3L - I/ &0P G /  O" - /#I F  & O"O 8 -;H  I E E5E 4/   0& 898 G / F 3$- IT 8 /0IJ  &  8 /  1  I[ G
I  R E  !  & E ,K"-9G -9GhG / F I - I - T E E E0/ $ E
LG$- IT  1 &08 L3G /0R +& I H  #  M /06ZO - 8 3H<- 
 G F )M & I G   M G /0R &0P G /  O" - /#I &  I  T 8 - T - P8  RS/  ")- T G  I 3 T \ I L $- I/
G & 6+O 8  - I

L O  Y  E, /O 3 RS/  6 / GM- 898j& - /0I & I &08;\ G$-;G F - <L O F & $H G$ / F $- IT:6 L /#I G  F 'LG$ "'G & 6 H I - - /#I /0R, & G'- I  JI E & E  RS/  $L T0/ - IT<6 L /#I G & I H F - " G & 6  1 &]8 L3G RS/ 

W& I H  E ,K3G$+$ / $G & 'M /#I G$ 1 & - 1  G$- I M &0P /21  ! , +  ' / GU- I &0P G / 8 L  L && G F  8987& G   / $- P/#I[ &08 4/1 3 -9M &]8  & - / M / L 8 H P  6 LM 8j&  T   =/ E ,K P 3G


!E


90
90

After Background Subtraction

80

Without Background Subtraction

80

70

No of events

No of events

70
60
50
40
30

60
50
40
30

20

20

10

10

0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

- T L"$ E5E !    I -  & IT 8  H-;G $- P L - /#I /]R &08;8  1  I[ G(-;H I[ - H & GUL O F & H G$ / F - IT
6 L /#I G F -  / L P& M  T  / L I H(GL P  & M - /#I  8  R !O & I  8  & I H & R  P& M  T  / L I H'G$L P  & M - /#I $- T  O & I  8  - I L O 3 & 6 - / ]& I H E
1 &08 L /0R

, @ ! $ E  RS/  ! $+H E / E R F  I, - I JI E & E RS/  I L 898 Y / GM- 898j& - /0IZ/ MM3L$G &B @  $  ! / E & I H @ $$ !  M / $3G O /#I H- IT(4/ M-AYVG  L & $ O  / P&0P - 8 - \ /]R $ E 5E ,K L"G P  I -  & IT 8  H-;G $- P L - /#IN/]R L O F & $H'G$ / F - IT=6 L /#I G & T G F  898 F -  I L 898 Y / GM- 898j& - /0I E,K P 3G " / MML"$G & ,@     M / $$3G O /#I H- ITa4/  H E / E R F " I  , / # @ $  /  f ,@ $% $ $  /   + ,  B?@ $ $ /=/ & I H @ $% $ E ,K &08;8 / F 3H $ T - /#I G & $G / F I - I- T E 5E E0/ ! E  /0   & P 3M & L"G$ /]R " 89&  T  &0898 / F H $ T - /0I G  P G NO / - I[  & G I/O  \ G-9M &08 G- T#I - M & I M E  8 G / R  /#6

"(H-  I M3(- I

, P  F  I<  P G  & I H I L 8;8/ G$M3- 8989& - /#I O / - I[  /#I M /#I M 8 LH3G  & (   / P G 1 H/ G$M3- 8989& - /#I &  "E &  M E 8 E                   

L &a-9G(M /#I G-9G  I[ F -  I L 98 8 Y"     & 7 =L O F & H 6 L /#I H & & G$  & G P  I G O 8 - - I[$/  M &  T#/ $-93G  F  F / L 8 H 8 -   4/
LG$  R L 8;8 O / F  /0R "  H & & G G F -   I 3 T -;GG O & II - I"T  H3M & H3G E ,KiM-AYVG  L & $


/F

!$
90
80
Monte-Carlo
Data

No of events

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

0

cos Θ

- T L"$ E5E ! /#6+O & -9G /#I/0R L O F & HWG / F 3$- I"T 6 L /0I H & & & I HN8 /#I[ H I - - /#I LG$3HW-;G  M         M  # !   # ! ,    ! $'& -   %#
$,@   !  
A@ ##%$           M  # !   # !   # !  # ! ,     ! $'& -      ! 
 A@ # #%$        M  # !   # !   # !  # ! ,     ! $'& -      ! 
 A@ #,  ,  ,  ,





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

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



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








&  8/ E(,B  D & I H  & $  G & 6  & G - I  I G E & E  & I H & E  E ,K  6 - I  JI E E5E  -;G& R  I/  6 &08 - P & - /#I M /#I G & I[RS/  < & - / /]R &]P G / 8 L  L & /0R G$ / F - IT 4/ I/0I Y-

G$ / F $- IT 6 L /#I G E ,K L I M3 & - IJ \-9G`3G - 6 & H PJ\ F 3- T  - IT  & M:G$ / F $- IT & I Hb$'& $*- E ,K & - / M & IT G P[\ Y E
I/#I Y G$ / F $- IT6 L /#I  1  I[ - I) (8 /#I[  &  8 / P[\  b.

-;GG - 6 & 3H 4/ P  E5E  E ,K" P G Y " -;G / P & - I 3H F " I , /=/ %$  RS/ @&   , / # @ $     f , @ $%$ $ /=/   + ,  B @  $%$   D @  $%$    @ $%$ / $ 

EE  E $NH /]R

4/

$

-

!!
Showering Upthrumus
0.8
0.7

without effects of absorption
with effects of absorption

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

- T L"$ E E0/ $&0P G /  O" - /#I E

0-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

 -9G $- P L - /#I+/0R G$ / F $- IT L O F & $H 6 L /#I 8 /#I[ 0&  8/ F -  & I H F -  / L

 @ $ $ $ E ,K<M / $G O /#I H- IT , RS/  I L 898 Y / GM- 898j& - /0I / M3MLG & , @ & E   RS/   $H /0R F  I
B @ $ / $   D @ $   E#  @ $%$ &   @ $ $ E ,K &0898 / F H $ T - /#I - I
 f ,    , / #  O &  & 6  UG O & M F -  &]898   H & & G$ G(-;GNG / F I - I - T E E5E /=/5E ,K
L & /0R L O F & $H G$ / F $- IT  I/0I YVG / F 3$- I"T & I H G 4/#OO - IT 6 L /0I GKLG$- IT &0898  H & & G Gi-;G
G$ / F I - I - T E 5E E / & E ,KM /#6ZO & $-;G /#I /0R  &]898 / F Ha T - /#I &08 /#IT F -   &08;8 / F H








-





$ T - /#I:/ P & - I H P[\ M /#6 P - I - IT &08;8  I 3L - I/ H & & G G  - I M 8 LH- IT M /#I[ & - I 3H: 1  I[ G - I L O  Y  -;GKG$ / F I - I - T E E5E / "E  #   6    


#  



- I M3 F U & 1  -9G / 8j& H &  - T 3G  I  T \ H & & G F  F / L 8 H 8 -   4/ LG -;G G & 6ZO 8 
RS/  & G  /0O  \ G-9M &08 G$ & $M"GG$- I M  & 46+/ G O -9M I L $- I/ P& M  T  / L I H  F "-9M RS/ 898 / F G& : M ('&  G O M $L 6  -9GHL"MH E  8 G / F -   - T G  I 3 T \ G & 6+O 8   & I"T L 8j& 

!/1
Observed Flux
Null Oscillation ( α=-0.127, ε=0.019 )∆m = 0.006 sin 2Θ =1.00
2

2

-1

10

(α=0.141, ε=0.005)

0.8∆m2 (eV2)

-2

-1

-1

cm s sr )

1

0.6

-13

Flux ( 10

-2

10

0.4
-3

10
68%CL
90%CL
99%CL

0.2
-4

0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

- T L E5E / !



0

10

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

sin22θ

0.8

1

G$M3- 8989& - /#I GL 8 GiL"G$- I"T L O F & $H G$ / F - ITZ6 L /#I G E

H-9G 4/  - /0I P  F 3 Ia6 L /#I & I H O & $ I[ H"-9$3M - /#I -;G 1  \ G 6 &0898 & I H -9G 3G - 6 & H $/ P 
b $'&   !   E ,K-9G M & I &08 G / P :G I - I - T E5E5E /  F "$ F W & 1  O 8 /0$ H       & IT 8  P  F  I< $L" I 3L - I/ H-9M - /0I & I H "g$3M /#I G LM H 6 L /#I H-;$3M - /#I:RS/ &0898 L O F & H G / F 3$- IT 6 L /#I G E ,K 6  & I & IT 8 >-9G  /  !  E   F - 8;8  \ $/ H / &0898& G  /#O  \ G$-;M &08 G & MGiH /#I h- I O $ 1 - / LGM & O"  F -  -9GKGL P G & 6ZO 8  E   $ $   F - 8;8 6 &   I L $- I/ GK I  T  -;M  I/ L T  4/'O  / HL"M I 8;\   8 *G F -  G
L O F & H G$ / F $- IT:6 L /#I G E ,KJLG R  /06 - T E 5 E ! F 'M & I G  & 6+/ G =/0RQ    8W*
G$- T0I &08 - I hL O F & HWG / F 3$- I"T 6 L /0I H & & G F - 8;8 M /06  F - - I ! '$ H T $3G E ,KJLG F 
8 / /  3H RS/  & I '5& M3G$Gg- I M /#I 3G F -   &08 R Y & IT 8 G    !& I H ! $ &  / L I H "ZM3 I[ 3 /0R 









 & 

 &I H

L I & I H &08j& M -;M-9G I/  &"M3GG- I I[ 3 E ,K-9G7-9G7G$ / F I - I , &0P8  E E  E  G F M & I G 3$ / P G$3 1 H H & & -;GZM /#I G$-;G  I[ F -  P& M  T  / L I H E
M E 8 E  L & 8 - 6 - U/0R   8W*!Y - I HL"MH L O F & $H 6 L /#I G & G &3G$>M /#I G & I H  I M ]& 8 ML 8j& H "  $ 
R L I M - /#I /0R   8W* 6 & G$GULG$- ITW " G & 6 +$3M- O  & Gg- IM E 5E ! 5E  E M /#6+O & $-;G /#I /0R

!
1

-1

2

2

∆m (eV )

10

-2

10

-3

10
68%CL
90%CL
99%CL
-4

10

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

sin22θ

0.8

1- T L"$ E5E    898 / F H $ T - /0I GLG$- IT L O F & $H I"/#I YVG / F 3$- IT  L O F & $H G $/#OO - IT & I H
L O F & HWG / F 3$- I"TZ6 L /#I G E

1

-1

2

2

∆m (eV )

10

10

-2
99% CL
Allowed region

10

using all neutrino
datasets in SK

-3

68%CL
90%CL
99%CL
10

-4

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

sin22θ

0.8

1- T L"$ E5E   /06ZO & $-9G /#I /0R  &08;8 / F H $ T - /0I G LG$- IT &0898  M &  T#/ -93G /0R L O F & H 6 L /#I G&08 /#I"T F -  "     $  & I H    &0898 / F 3H $ T - /#I G  I  &   & $ / F  / P & - I 3H P[\
H / - I"T+/ G$M- 8989& - /#I & I &08j& \ G$-;GKLG$- IT &0898  I L $- I/ H & & G$ G- I L O  Y E

! 
Stopping Upmus
Observed Flux

1.6

Null Oscillation (α=-0.203 ε=0.069 β = -0.37)

-1
-2
-13

Flux ( 10

1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4

Observed Flux
Null Oscillation ( α=-0.203, ε=0.069)∆m2 = 2.29e-03 sin2 2Θ =0.986(α =-0.056 ε = 0.009)

2.5

Flux ( 10-13 cm-2 s-1 sr-1)∆m2 = 2.29e-03 sin2 2Θ =0.986(α =-0.056 β = -0.09 ε = 0.009)

1.4

Non-Showering Upmus

3

1.8

-1

cm s sr )

2

2

1.5

1

0.5

0.2
0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

Upward Showering Muons
1.4

Observed Flux
Null Oscillation ( α=-0.203, ε=0.069 γ = 0.05)
22∆m = 2.29e-03 sin 2Θ =0.986(α =-0.056 γ = -0.02 ε = 0.009)

1

-2

-1

-1

cm s sr )1.2

Flux ( 10

-13

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

cos Θ

0

- T L"$ E5E   8 L & /0R &0898  M &  T#/ -93G /0R L O F & H 6 L /0I G $/#T   F -   P G Y  F - / G$M3- 8989& - /#I G LG$- IT &0898   M &  T#/ -93G E  L & 8 - 6 - G F -  /#I 8;\ G / F 3$- I"T L O6 LG & G M /#6+O & H $/ &08;8 L O" "$L 6 L"G -9G7G$ / F I - I- T G E E5E   E E  E & I H E E   RS/    &    L I & I H  &]8j& M -9M  I[ 3G O 3M - 1  8;\ E 
   :        I 8 /5/  H RS/  & I '&5M3G$G &  / L I H  &08j& M -;M 89& - LH"

@ $  $/ G$3`- R -9GG$L P G$ M /#6 GR  /#6 M / G 6 -9M+ & \ - I[ 3 & M - /0I GN- I  - IJ G  8989&  6 3H-9L 6 E G F  M & I G R  /#6 G$LM

! 
Point-Spread Function for showering upthrumus
Entries
3129
Mean
2.184
RMS
2.052
250
OVFLW
4.000

No of events

300

200

150

100

50

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Angle between µ fit and truth υ direction (°)- T L"$ E5E   * / - IJ Y O $ & H R L I M - /#I P  F  I I L $- I/ G & I H 6 L /#I G RS/  " L O F & $H
G$ / F $- IT G & 6+O 8  E  & H"H & $ & - I H-9M & 3G   /0R  4/0 &08 &  & & I H -9GK  L &08 4/   !  E



/#I 


!$



 & 

 & &



$

$






&M T/L I H$ E!
$ %E 
E

 & &

$

$

L I
 & M  T / L I H$ %E 
$ E
E!

&]8j& M -9M  I[ 3 & &  &M T/L I H$$ E !E
$
5E 
, &0P"8  E5E   P G$3 1 3H & I H''& O 3M H+L O F & HZG / F 3$- ITh6 L /#I GQ- I M /0I G F - ' &08 R Y & IT 8 G     & I H ! $  &  / L I H L I   &   & I H  &08j& M -;M6  I[  E- T E E5E    I/ G & -;G -9M &]898;\ G- T#I - M & IJ  &5MGG F & GG$3 I &  / L I H  

@ $E

               F 3$G$3 I F - - I 5 ! H & \ F - I H / F & I H # @   &  / L I H & I \/0RK ZG$ / F - IT L O"6 LG E  G [\ 6 & O /0R &0898 G$ / F - IT L O6 LGN-9GUG$ / F I - I - T E E E $ E
 & MGQL"G$- I"T & IT L 8j&  M 8 LG $- IT & G F  898"& G R  /#6 G$ 8 M 3H O / - I[ G / L$M3GQ & G P  I H /#I /G &I H G

F -  L O F & $H>G / F 3$- I"T 6 L /#I G !    E  /  1 -;H I M3 RS/  O / - I[ G / L$M3G F & G=G I - I: -;G

-11

10

Limits on WIMP-induced upward muons (cm

-2

-1

sec )

!

-12

10

Super-K (all upthrumus)
Super-K (showering upthrumus)

-13

10
-14

10
-15

10
-16

10
10

2

3

10
10
Mass of Neutralino (GeV)

10

4- T L"$ E5E    8W*!Y - I HL"MHL O F & H 6 L /#I  L & 8 - 6 - G R  /#6  &  ZLG$- ITg/0I 8;\ L O F & $H
G$ / F $- IT 6 L /#I G & I H &08;8 L O" $L 6 L /#I G E
H & & G$ E,KJLG F M /#I M 8 LH"  & =-;G I"/  1 -;H I M3 RS/  & G  /0O  \ G-9M &08 G / LMG - I G$ / F Y
$- IT L O F & $H 6 L /#I H & & G$ E

-11

10

Limits on WIMP-induced upward muons (cm

-2

-1

sec )

!E

-12

10

Super-K (all upthrumus)
Super-K (showering upthrumus)

-13

10
-14

10
-15

10
-16

10
10

2

3

10
10
Mass of Neutralino (GeV)4 L I LG- IT/#I 8 \ L O F & $H

-11

10

Limits on WIMP-induced upward muons (cm

-2

-1

sec )

- T L"$ E5E  E   8 * Y - I H"LM3HgL O F & $H 6 L /#I  L & 8 - 6 - G R  /#6G$ / F $- IT 6 L /#I G & I H &08;8 L O" $L 6 L /#I G E

10

-12

10

Super-K (all upthrumus)
Super-K (showering upthrumus)

-13

10
-14

10
-15

10
-16

10
10

2

3

10
10
Mass of Neutralino (GeV)- T L"$ E5E     8W*!Y - I HL"MH+L O F & $H 6 L /#I  L & 8 - 6 - G R  /06
/#I 8;\ L O F & $HWG / F 3$- IT 6 L /#I G & I H &08;8 L O" $L 6 L /#I G E

104  &]8j& M -9M

 I[ LG$- IT

!
80

Upward showering muons in galactic coordinates
Data (1679.6 days)
M.C. (no oscillations)
M.C. with oscillations

Number of Events

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Galactic latitude (in Degrees)- T L$ E5E  &]8j& M -9M 8j& - L"H)H-;G - P L - /0I /0R L O F & H G / F 3$- I"T 6 L /0I G E- T L"$ E5E% $  L & 4/ - &08 M / / $H"- I & G /0R &08;8 L O F & $H G$ / F - IT6 L /#I G - I
 & 6 - /  & I H E- T  & G$M3 I G- /#I -9GK- I  / LG & I H H"M 8 - I & - /0I -9GK- I H" T G E

L O 3Eµ = 10 Gev

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

2

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

8

OVFLW

9

10

0.000

No. of Events

10

Eµ = 20 Gev
2

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

8

OVFLW

9

10

5.000

Eµ = 1000Gev

2

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

8

OVFLW

9

10

15.00

Eµ = 2000Gev

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

OVFLW

Eµ = 50 Gev
2

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

8

9

10

8

OVFLW

9

2

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

OVFLW

8

9

10

25

OVFLW



0.000

20
15
10

Eµ = 200Gev

5
0

10

0.000

Eµ = 100 Gev

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

2

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

8

OVFLW

9

10

4.000

Eµ = 500Gev

2

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

8

9

10

31.00

Eµ=5000Gev

2

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

5

OVFLW

4

Eµ=10000Gev

8

9

10

54.00

3
2
1

c b
- T L"$ E E !  H-;G $- P L - /#I+RS/  6 L /#I 8 /#I[ 

2

0.000

No. of Events

20

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

No. of Events

No. of Events

30

No. of Events

No. of Events
No. of Events

0.000

40

0

No. of Events

OVFLW

50

No. of Events

No. of Events

!

0

2

3

4

5

6

7

∆E/∆X (MeV/cm)

8

9

10

&  8 /  1  I[ G & `1 & - / LG 6 L /#I  I 3 T -;GR  /#6 $   $/ ! $=,  E ,KKH & GH 8 - I 7- I  & M O 8 /] $ O $3G$ IJ G  $3G$ / c8 H'
b LG$3H 4/  
G$ O &  & =G / F 3$- I"T & I H I/#I Y G$ / F $- ITg6 L /#I  1  IJ G F -;M M / $$3G O /#I HG 4/ @
8   M 6 E

! $Super-Kamiokande
Run 2101 Sub 3 Ev 15239
96-07-05:01:46:37 0013 dee4 0606
Inner: 10877 hits, 191405 pE
Outer: 249 hits, 863 pE (in-time)
Trigger ID: 0x0b
D wall: 1690.0 cm
Upward-Going Muon Mode

Charge(pe)>26.7
23.3-26.7
20.2-23.3
17.3-20.2
14.7-17.3
12.2-14.7
10.0-12.2
8.0-10.0
6.2- 8.0
4.7- 6.2
3.3- 4.7
2.2- 3.3
1.3- 2.2
0.7- 1.3
0.2- 0.7
< 0.2
2000
1600
1200
800
400
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

Times (ns)

- T L$ E E  Q1  I[ H-9G O 8j& \ /0R & I L O F & $H G$ / F $- IT+6 L /#I E      ,K O  & G%Y !</0R L O   & 6 - /  & I H '& O $- 6  I[/#O  & H R  /#6  O - 8 !  $/ L 8;\
 $ $ ! E  M / M 3H !    L O
8;8
F & H $L 6 L /#I G & I H E L O F & H G 4/#O"O - IT 6 L /#I G=HL$- IT

-;G O - / H F -  4/0 &088 - 1  - 6  /0R !  $UH &2\ G E ,K P  I -  & IT 8 H-;G $- P L - /#I /0R L O F & $HL T#/ - IT & I HWG 4/0OO - I"T 6 L /#I G)-9GM /#I G-9G  I[ F -    / GM- 8;8j& - /#I G E  1 & $-; \ /0R& G  /#O  \ G$-;M &08 G & MGZ & 1  &08 G / P 3 I H /#I  F -  :L O F & $H T#/ - IT<6 L /0I G G$LM & G
G$ & $M3G RS/    * & II -;- 89& - /#I G)- I +M I[  /]R  &    L I & I H  &08j& M -;M  I[ 3 
H- LG$  L & R  /06

 T &089& M -9M O 8j& I   & G F  898 & G R  /#6

 & I G-9 IJ G / L"$M3G)G$L"M & G   G

& I H  G E  / G$- T#I &08 G F G$ I E  / F  1  $3G$L 8 G R  /#6   * G$ & $M"G  & 1  I &0P"8 H LG $/W/ P & - I G $- IT  IJ 8 - 6 - G /0I & II -9- 8j& - /#I  &  & G F  8987& G   *  8j& G -;M
G$M & $ 3$- IT M / G$G YVGM - /#I G E  L 8 - 6 - G /#I   *!Y I L"M 8  /#I G$M &08j& !M / L O 8 - IT G O &  - &]898;\ $L 8 / L G /#6  /0R     ]& 898 / F H $ T - /0I & I H  8 - 6 - G /#I   *!Y O  /04/#I G O - I M / L O 8 - IT& $ 6+/ $ G I G- - 1   & I & I \ H-9M H" 3M - /#I '& O $- 6  I[ E
 8 G / F ( & 1  P 3 I &0P"8  4/ -;G / 89&  & G & 6+O 8  /0R L O F & $H 6 L /0I G F "-9M 8 / G$3G= I  T \ / L T   & H"- & - 1  O  / M3G$G$3G E ,K-9GhG & 6ZO 8 '-9G  - T "G hI L $- I"/  I  T \ H & & G$ - IL O   & 6 - /  & I H F -  6  & I'I L $- I/  I  T \ /0R ! ,  E  G$LM+- T ( I 3 T -;G 

I L $- I/ / GM- 898j& - /0I O  / P&]P - 8 - \ -;G I  T 8 - T - P8  & I HW I M  P  I -  & IT 8 hH-;G $- P L - /#I

! !


! 


/0R  -9GH & & G$ G$ / L 8 H P M /0I G$-;G  I[ F -  I L 898 / GM- 8;8j& - /#I & I H -;G7-;G / P G 1 H E - I &08;8;\& I:/ G$M3- 8989& - /#I & I &08 \ G-9G`-;G`H /#I  P[\ M /#6 P - I - IT &08;8 "  M &  T0/ $-;G /0R L O F & $H T#/ - IT

6 L /#I G E ,K"NM /#6 P - I H  L & /]R &08;8 " $3NM &  T#/ -9G /0R L O F & $H 6 L /#I G-;GiM /#I G-9G  I[F -  / G$M- 8989& - /#I G E  898  & G  /#O  \ G$-;M &08 G$ & $M3G F 3$K$ O  & 3H F -  -;G!G & 6ZO 8   G$- I M
 & 46+/ G O -9M I 3L - I/ P& M  T  / L I H(-;G $H"LM3H & 3G$ - T U I  T -9G E  / G- T#I & LG/0R & G  /#O  \ G$-;M &08 G / L$M3G F 3$UG$ I - I -;GiH & & G E

L$ IJ 8;\ L O  Y=Y   -;G /#O  & - IT G- I M3  & I L &  \  $ $  F - g$H"LM3HZ- II !H M $/ 

*  ,KG E  -9G+M /0IJ - I L- IT $/ M / $H L O F & $H T#/ - I"T 6 L /#I H & & E  898 G$ & $M3G - I  -;G3G$-9G F - 898)P  M /#I[ - I LH F -  L O 3 Y=Y   H & & G$ E I"RS/  L I &  8;\ P M & LG$ F  &  P& M  T  / L I H 8 - 6 - H   8 - 6 - G /0I    *QG & I H /0 " O / - I[ G / L$M3G+M & I /#I 8 \ T  / F

& G  G  & L"$  / /0:/0RU   & O / GL$ E  R F  &  8 LM [\ F  M / L 8 H H M & I L $- I/
G$- T0I &08 G R  /#6  & I G-9 I[ G / L"$M3G GLM & G T & 6+6 &  & \ P L$G G E  / F  1 3 " G$L 8 G /0R

R L L T  I  & - /#I /0R L I H" F &   L I H3$-9M3:H M $/ $G F - & $ & I[ -;M- O & 3H F - : IJ JLG$- & G 6 E-; 8j&  T + M - 1  & $ & G  

   









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  kMO8+;SNS M;!$' %&Q%)L;%&g!-pG= N? A@ P +(H5%&pQJN!$p8!$' JV"y n&SV%&+;g JNg {vn&m0!QsfMO8$%)p"! M;s!$' %q+;g+;S@j3p"JVp)k

1:g0SNj6!$' MOp$%Z \[ p +5$%(n*' MOp$%)g e ' MOp"%'0JN!.!-J P %)p.+;$%(h %4! e %)%&g    e ' %&"%   RJVp.y %4g %&yJVgv%  m+5!$JVMOg  k  +;g y     e ' %&"%P  k S   !    

M;|+Y{OJ@LO%)g P m MOg!--+5nIH%)g>!$"jx M;JVg!

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e ' %&"%   JVp +Gm g J@!/LO%)n)!-M;2sf"M P %)g>!$"jvx MOJVg!,!$MG!$' %QZ \[ +;g y  JVp,y0JV$%)n)!$JVMOgvn&M;p$JVg0%QM5s#!$' % P m MOgU!-$+;nIH k

  JVpF!*+;g n)%:h %4! e %)%&gz!$' %8%&g!-Fjvx M;JVg! +;g yv!-'0% Z \[ JVp,SV%)p$p,!-' +;g  P

P e JN!-'0MOm0!ln*'+5g {OJVg0{ !$' %SVM9n=+5!$JVMOg !-J P %2M;s#!$' %8%&g!-FjEZ \[ S/m g!-JVS?!$' %8{OM9M3y g0%&p$p M;sd ! x+5-+ P %)!$%& JVp P +63W J P J )%&y?k[ ' %vy JN$%)n)!-JNMOgwJVp B"JV{O{OSN%&y~+;"MOm g yw!$' %U$pF!G{Om %&p"pqy0JV$%)n)!$JVMOg[ ' JNp,{OM9M3y g0%&p$p M;sd !2x+;$+ P %)!-%),JVp,y %4g %)yY+;p,sfMOSNSVM e p  

e ' %&"% P    S




#

P  SP k S dJVp,!-' %:!$J P JVg {7"%&p"JVy m+5Sh %4! e %)%&g\!$' %Q%XW3x %)n)!$%&yY+5g y P %=+5p$m "%&y\Z E[ !-J P %)p/sfMOT +7{OJNL;%&g P m M;gK!--+5nIHK+;g yUy0JV$%)n)!$JVMOgU+5g y    e ' JVn*'vJVp(!-' %:$+5!-JNM|M;sdg>m P h %& M;s#Z E[ p,JVg!-' %/ ' %)$%&g H;MLzn)MOg %:!-Ml!$' %:!-M;!-+;S?p$%)SV%)n)!-%)yYZ \[ p)k [ ' %8sfm g n4!-JNMOg  P   S JVp,y %4g %&yz+;psfMOSVSNM e p

JNs    
JNs    'e ' %&"%      

!$' %&g  

!$' %&g

P     S     $'& $'& #    #  ! $'&     P   SP  k S

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JNs   l
 MO
JNs '  ' P  8S#    "!'% $# &%&% (, $ # #  '% )( P  8S









P k S$#[ ' %uy JV"%&n)!$JVMOg JVp B"JN{O{OSN%&y]+5$MOm g0y]!-' %$T&p"!l{Om0%&p$p|y JV"%&n)!$JVMOg e ' JVSN%4H;%)%&x JNg {Y!-'0%K%&g!-Fj

x MOJNg!RZ \[  W3%)yqm g!$JVS Q1

JVp P +6W3J P J )%&y?k 16g n&% +6h %&pF!R !  y JV"%&n)!$JVMOg|JVp sfMOm0g yl!-' %)gG!$' %p$%&n)MOg yip$%4! M5sB"JN{O{OSNJVg {qMOx %)-+5!$JVMOg0p6h %){OJVg0p<sfMO8+;SNS#%4LO%&g!$p M;!$' %&6!$'+;g P m S@!-J  P m M;g  T +;g y!-' JNp2!$J P %:h M;!$'E!$' %|y0JV$%)n)!$JVMOgE+;g yE!-' %Q%&g!$"jEx M;JVg!DZ E[ +;$%:L5+;$JN%&y?k [ ' %&p"%7+;"% n*' M;p$%&gsf$M P '0JN!-p e '0JVn*'QM3n)n&m  e JN!$' JVg8+  k /g p!-J P JNg { e JVg0y M e +;"MOm g y8!-' % !$-+;nIH k [ '0%({;M3M9y g %)p$p
M;s  ! JVp +;{+;JNg7n=+5SVn&m0SA+5!$%&y e J@!-'*    JVg  g?k  k :"%&x SV+;n&%)ylhj   3k [ ' %,g>m P h %& M;s Z \[ pe JN!-'  #  +   ,P S '  ug0p:+;$% n&MOm0g>!$%&yi+;g yzJNs !-'0JVp<g>m P h %)<JVpD{O$%&+5!-%)<!-' +;g }!$' %P m MOgIJVpGSA+5h %)SV%&yI+;p P m S@!-J  P m M;g   k  gj~M;!-'0%&}%)LO%)g!KJVpGg M e n)SA+;p"p$J@%&yo+;pG!-' "m {OMOJNg {P m MOg?k !R%&+;n*'}!$$JV+;S0y JN$%)n)!-JNMOg=N? A@G+;SNp$M:n&+;SVn)m SA+5!$%&pR+;g0M;!-' %) {OM9M3y g0%&p$pRx+5-+ P %)!$%& e ' JNn*'qJNp

m p$%)yEhjq!-' %:m x P mU$%)y m n)!$JVMOgUJNgU+;p"p$%&p"p$JNg {l!-' %  m+5SVJN! jqM;s!$' %6 !=k [ '0JVp/{OM9M9y g %&p"pGP ,-  S
JVp,y %4g %&yz+;p,sfMOSVSNM e p,- /. 
.10

P  k S

e ' %&"%2!$' %Dg>m P %&$+5!-M; %XW9!-%)g y p ML;%&+;SVS0Z E[ p JVg ' %)$%)g"H;ML}n&MOg0%<+;g0y}!$' % y %&g M P JNg+5!-M;
JVp:MLO%)Qp"m P M5s/+;SNS n*'+5${O%)p +Ts !-%&D!-' % Kp$%4!-p8M;sn&SN%=+;g JNg {Kn)m0!-p)k  !:!-' JNp6p"!-+;{O%l!-' % P m MOgT%&g!-Fj x MOJNg!Q+;g yiy JV"%&n)!$JVMOg JNp6g+;SNJ &%)y?k  m $JNg {U!-' %G"%&p"!QM;s!-' %}+;SN{OMO"JN!-' P=N? (@ g0M e

n&SA+5p$p$J@%&p,!$' %:!-MOx MOSVM;{;juM5s#!$' %:!*+;{O{;%&yE%)LO%)g!=k SVS>!-' "m {OMOJNg { P m0MOg p e ' JNn*'l'+=LO%/!-'0%/!-M;!-+;S3g>m P h %) M;s ' JN! Z \[ p SN%&p"p !-'+;g  6+;"%%XW0+ P JVg %)yz!-Mqn*' %&nIHYJ@s !$' %)jz+;$% n&MO"g %&  n)SVJVx0x %)$p&k [ ' %)p$%G+;"% P m M;gz%)L;%&g!-p e '0JVn*' p$n)-+;x %!-' %l%)y {O%&p:M5s !-' %   +;g0yi'0%&g n)%l'+=LO%7LO%)"j p"' MOF!:x+5!$'  SN%&g {;!$' p&k  s+ P m0MOg %&g!-%)$p:g %&+;
!-' %:!-M;x\n)MO$g %)2+;g yvJNs

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n*'+;${;%QJNp SV%&p"p/!-'+5g

PE_ !$' %&gv!-' JNp,%)L;%&g!6JNp,n&SA+5p$p$J@%&yE+;p2+ln&M;$g %)  n)SVJNx x %)&k=N? (@I!-' %)gWSVM9M H>pusfMOKpF!-MOx x0JVg { P m0MOg pv+ P MOg { !$' % $% P +5JVg JNg { %4LO%&g!$p&k K9!$MOx x JNg {P m MOg p<+;$%Q$%)n&MO{;g J )%&yYhjESVM9M >H JVg {q+5!2!-' %Qg>m P h %&DM;s x ' M5!-M  %&SV%)n)!$$MOg p2x "M3y m0n&%&y e J@!-' JNg
 P %)!$%&$pP 3,6
S M;s !$' %qx0$MTB"%)n)!-%)y]%X3W J@! x MOJNg>!8JNgi!$' %  +;g0y]+;SNp$MU!-' %}g>m P h %&8M;s x ' M;!$M 
0%&SV%)n)!$$MOg p e J@!-' JNg P %4!-%)$p:M;sR!-'0%lx $MTB"%)n)!$%&y %X3W JN!8x MOJNg>!<JVgY!$' %}1  P - 3&S kDg %)LO%)g! JNp
0
n&SA+5p$p$J@%&y\+;p p"!$MOx x JNg {GJNsdJN! p$+5!-JNp"%)p2+5! SV%&+;p"! MOg0%QM5s#!$' %:sfMOSVSNM e JNg {7n)MOg y J@!-JVM;g p

 0 3   Gx % 0 3 ;x %

 0 - 3 ' 5x %
00-3  lx %3  T lx % ; Mu1  y +5!*+}+=L;+5JVSA+5h SV% 0 3  Tlx %=N? (@:g0M e x0$M9n&%&%)y p.!-M<n&+;SVn)m SA+T!-% !-'0%SN%&g {;!$' M5s p"!$MOx x JNg { P m MOg p)k [ ' JNp#JNp.y %)!$%& P JVg0%&yh>jzn&MOg0p"!-"m n)!$JVg {K+uy  5y '0JVp"!$MO{O$+ P M;s !-'0%7MOh p"%&"L;%&yi%&g %)${;j\SVM;p$p<hjE!-' % P m MOg?k s(+5!
+;gj\pF!*+;{;% !-'0%|g>m P h %&DM;s x ' M5!-M  %&SV%)n)!$$MOg p2JVgz+qMOg0%  P %)!$%&2JVg!-%)"L5+;S.JVp2SV%)p$p2!-'+;g


 M;s

 

!-' %q+=LO%&$+;{O%GL5+;SVm %lML;%&8!-' %G$pF!TOk  P %)!-%)8M;s!$-+;nIH +5g yJ@s!$' JVp8x MOJVg!8JNp:{O$%&+5!-%)Q!$'+;g!-' %Kx %=+AHx MOp$J@!-JNMOgM5s,!-' %Ky  Ty ' JNp"!-M;{O-+ P
p"!-M;x x JVg0{}x MOJNg>!&k [ ' JVp JNp,p$' M e gzJNg

JV{Om0$%  k TOk!$' %&g]!$' JVp x MOJNg!|JNp|n&M;g p$JNy %&"%&yw!-MYh %q!$' %

1600

1400

dE/dX distribution

1200

stopping point

1000

800

600

400

200

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Length along Muon Track (m)JV{Om0$% |kUT %&g {5!-']y %4!-%) P JVg+5!$JVMOgiJVg P m h MjisfM;|+Ep"!-M;x x JVg0{ P m M;g?k [ '0%u' JNp"!-M;{O-+ P
p$' M e p!$' % 33   y JNp"!-"JVh m3!-JVM;g sfMOi+pF!-MOx x0JVg { P m MOg k !-'0%oy+5p$' %)y SVJNg %wJVg0y JVn&+5!-%)p !$' % 3 3   - +;g yY!$' %|"p"!8h JNg e JN!$' +uL5+;SVm %|SVM e %)<!-' +;gY!-' JNp6JVp<n*' MOp$%)g !-MUh %7!-' %7SN%&g {5!-'M;s#!$' %8p"!$MOx x JNg { P m MOg[ '>m p%=N? A@zJVp2g JNp$' %)y?k W'+5!= N? A@zn&+;SVn)m SA+5!$%&p sfMO<%&+;n*' P m M;g %)LO%)g!8JVp<J@!-p2%&g!-Fj

x MOJNg! +5g yuy JN$%)n)!-JNMOg _ JN!$p !-MOx MOSVM;{;j P e ' %)!$' %&JN!(JVp(+Q!$' $m0{OMOJVg0{ _ pF!-MOx0x JVg { _P m SN!$JVx SN% P m M;g 

T _ P m SN!$JVx SN%  P m MOg   MOn)MO$g0%&  n&SNJVx x %& S +;g y:! e MD{OM9M9y g %&p"pM;s9 !-p P  +;g y  ,-  S4k e ' JVn*'
 +5g y  - 6sfMO8%)L;%&g!-p sfMOJVg y JNn=+5!$%&p:!-'0%  m+;SNJN! j M;s!-' %G !&k  JVpF!-$JNh m0!$JVMOg M;s/h M;!$'e ' JVn*'7=? AU@ {+=LO%Q{OM9M3yK0!-p,sf$M P MOg %:$m0g\n&+;g\h %:sfMOm g yEJVg JV{Om "% |k ME  
B  rJNpqy %)p$JN{Og %&yr!$M]%}n)JV%&g!$SNjI !KpF!-MOx x0JVg { P m MOg pK+;g yrJNpu$m0grMOgrMOg0SNj~!-' M;p$% 

Good fit

No of events

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

T

0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

1

fcone
No of events

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

Good Fit0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

1

muboy gof

JV{Om0$%|k   JNp"!$$JVh0m0!-JNMOgUM;s !$' %Q! e MK{OM9M9y g %&p"p2L5+;"JA+;h0SV%&p m p"%&yYJNg =N? A@vsfM;2'0MO$J &MOg!*+5S
P m MOgE%)L;%&g!-p e ' JVn*' e %)$%Qn&SA+5p$p$J@%&y\+;p h M;!-'v!-' "m {OMOJNg {}+;g yEp"!$MOx x JNg {lsfMO e ' JVn*' P m h Mj{+=LO%Q{OM3M9yK !$p&k MO +;SVS %)L;%&g!-pDJVgK!-'0JVp x SVM5!/!-' %: ! e +;p2n&MOg0p$JVy0%&$%)y  {OM3M9yK !  e ' %)gE!$' %'+;g y   !7y0JV$%)n)!$JVMOg +;{O$%)%&y e J@!-'!$' % P m0h Mjiy JV"%&n4!-JVM;g e JN!$' JVg   k [ ' %uL;%&F!-JVn&+;S(SVJVg0%
$%&x0$%&p"%&g!-pD!-' %8!-' "%&p"' MOSVyEL5+;SVm %)p,sfMO,!-' %8! e Mq{OM9M3y g0%&p$p"%&pDm p$%)yzJVgv!-'0% "%&y m n4!-JNMOgEsfM; !$' % ! !-MGh %8n)MOg p$JNy %&"%&yE{OM9M3y?k%)LO%)g!-p e '0JVn*'\+;$%8n&SV+;p$p"JN%)yE+;p p"!-M;x x %)$p2%&J@!-' %),h>j>=N? A@KMO    ? k ! p"!*+5"!-phjuSNM3n&+5!-JNg {Q!$' %  %&+;$SNJV%)p"!' JN! Z \[ p e JN!$'Kn*'+;"{O%<{O"%=+5!$%& !$'+;g

x % e ' JVn*''+;pl+5!7SV%=+5p"!  g0%&JV{;'9h MO"JVg {zZ E[ pG' J@! e JN!$' JVg + \ g p e JNg y M e +;g y e JN!$'w+ P JVg J P m P
n*'+;${;%:M;sx %5k [ ' %:Z \[ e ' JVn*'v'+5p !-' % P +6W3J P m P n*'+;"{O%:+ P MOg {|!$' %&p"% |+;g y e '0MOp$%!-J P %KJNp e JN!$' JVg Y
 g pGM;s !-'0%v $p"!}Z \[ JVplp"%&SV%)n)!$%&yo+;p7!-' %vJNg JN!$JA+;SR%&g!$"jwx MOJVg!&k  s<+;gj! e M Z \[ pl'+=L;%K%  m+;Sn*'+;"{O%u!-'0%&g]!-'0%KZ \[ e ' JVn*']' +;p P MO$%}g %&JN{O'>h M;$p|'0JN! e J@!-' JNg
zg plJVp

n*' MOp$%)gX+5p|!-' %UJNg JN!$JA+;S %)g!-"j]x MOJNg!=k [ ' %UJNg JN!$JA+;S %CW0J@!lx MOJVg!7JNp|!*+AH;%&gw!$M h %u!$' %n*'+;${;%  e %&JN{O'!-%)yzn&%)g!-%&2M;s P +5p$p,M;s +;SVS Z E[ p e J@!-'vn*'+;"{O% {;$%=+T!-%&/!$'+;g 0 k lx %;kCW  n=+;SNn&m SV+5!-%)p

WJ@!-'8!-' %)p$%/+5p JVg0JN!-JV+;S;{;m %&p"p$%&p#sfMOd!$' %(p"!*+5"!-JNg {D+;g y|% 3JN!#x MOJNg!-p _   ?

  

!-' %:! e Mu{OM9M3y0g %&p"p,x+;-+ P %4!-%&"p n=+;SNSV%&y  -  e ' JNn*'\JNp,y %)g0%&yY+5p sfM;SVSVM e p,- 

e ' %&"%JQ

T # QQ  +   + ,  QQ  +    $
+,
 $


P |k  S

 + , JVp2!-' %|g9m P h %)6M;s(Z \[ p e JN!$'Yn*'+;"{O%7{O"%=+5!$%&2!-'+;g }x %7JNg + ' %)$%)g"H;MLn&MOg % e J@!-'E'+;SNs#+;g0{OSV%_

e ' %&"%0Q +  + , JVp !$' %6!-M;!-+;S?g>m P h %&,M5s Z \[ p JVgv+' %)$%)g"H;MLEn&MOg0% e JN!-'v'+5SNsd+;g {;SV%Q   $ JVp8!-'0%ug>m P h %&QM;s2Z \[ p e J@!-' n*' +;${O%q{O$%&+5!-%)Q!$'+;g vx %qJVg+ ' %)$%&g H;ML]n)MOg %

h %4! e %)%&gl+;g0y _Q +   $ JVp/!$' %:!-M;!-+;S?g>m P h %& M;s Z \[ pDJNgE+ ' %)$%)g"H;MLEn&MOg0%Qh %)! e %&%)g[ ' %7!$%& P      JNg y JNn=+5!$%&p6' M e SVSN%&yz!$' %JVg y JNn=+5!$%&p2!-' %lp" '+;$x0g %&p"pQM5s !-' %7%)y {O%lM;s !$' %JVp/p"' M e gEJNg

l+;g y ' %)$%&g H;MLin&MOg %lJNp:+;g yY!$' %7!-%) P

     ' %)$%)g"H;ML $JNg { k  $MOm {;' p H;%4!-n*'iM;s , - 

JV{0k  k 0k    Kg M e h %){OJVg p/+ P MO"%<x "%&n)JVp$%:"%&n)MOg p"!$$m n4!-JNMOgvh>jK+7{O$JNy

70
42








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













 

All hit pmts within 42 degrees

All hit pmts within 70 degrees

JV{Om "% |k   K3n*' % P +T!-JVn:L9JV% e M;sd!-'0%Q{;M3M9y g %)p$p,L5+;$JV+;h SV% ,- _ 

p$%=+5$n*'}h>jH;%)%&x JNg {6!-' %,%)g!--+5g n&%,x MOJVg!# W3%&y}+;g ylL5+;"j9JNg {<!-'0% P m MOg7!$-+;nIH y JV"%&n4!-JVM;g7m g!-JNS!-' %:sfMOSNSVM e JVg {|{OM3M9y g %)p$p M;sd !2JVp P +6W3J P J )%&y?kT        


. 

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#

 

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

T 
#,





#     #T      ,P |k S <JVpG!-' %E' J@!}!$J P %UM;s:%)g>!$"j   Z \[ _  DJVpG!-' %v!-J P JNg { $%)p$MOSNm0!-JNMOg e '0JVn*'XJNp
n*' MOp$%)g\!$Mqh % }g0p sfM; +;SVS Z E
 [ p6+;g y  dJVp,{;JNLO%)g\hj 

e ' %&"% " # + 

#  

P kT  S



e ' %&"%  JVp(!-' %<p$x %&%&yvM;s.SNJV{O'!JVguL5+;n)m m PE_  JNp!$' %6$%4sf-+;n4!-J@LO%6JNg y %XWuM;s e +5!-%) _ + QJVp!$' %y JVpF!*+;g n)%Gh %4! e %)%&g !$' % P m MOgi%&g!-Fj x MOJVg!Q+;g y !-'0%}x MOJNg>!Q+5SVMOg {K!$' % P m MOg !-$+;nIH e ' %)$%x ' M;!$MOgwJVp % P JN!$!$%&y !$M +z{OJ@LO%)g~Z E[ _ +;g y   u!-'0%Ky JVpF!*+;g0n&%u!$-+=LO%)SV%&y~hjx ' M;!$MOg]sf$M P
!-' %8% P JVp"p$JNMOgUx M;JVg! +;SNMOg {7!-'0% P m MOgU!-$+;nIHu!$Mq+l{OJ@LO%)g\Z \[ k [ '0% p"m P JVp!*+(H5%&gEML;%&D+;SVS
Z E[ p sfM; e ' JVn*'(     _ e '0%&$%8S?JNp !-'0%:SV%&g0{;!-'UM;s.!$' %6!-"JA+;S P m MOgK !$-+;nIHqJVg p"JVy %<!$' %  k  p$n*' % P +T!-JVnlL9JV% e M5s!$' %7L5+;$JV+;h SV%)p6m p"%&ysfM;6n=+;SNn&m SV+5!-JNg {    JV{0k|k k

JVg

 



  JNp6p$'0M e g

2s !-%&(!-' % P m MOguy JV"%&n)!$JVMOgq'+;p/h %&%)gKg+;SNJ )%&yum0p$JVg0{|!-' %6+;h ML;% P %4!-' M9yq!$' %<sfm g0n)!-JNMOg



,- d
 JVpd$%)n=+;SNn&m SV+5!-%)y7m p$JNg {  g?k k  e JN!-'Q!-' %g+;S> !=k [ '>m pR+5! !$' % %)g y _  

!-m "g p!-' % P m0MOg:%&g!-Fj:x MOJVg! _ y0JV$%)n)!$JVMOg _ +5g y:! e M {OM9M3y0g %&p"p.L5+;SNm %&p[ ' % y0JVp"!$$JNh m0!-JNMOgUM;s        Y+;g yp$' M e gzJNg

JV{Om0$%  k 









,-

 7$%  +;g y       #k,- / sfM;,%)LO%)g!-p6JNg e '0JVn*'\!$' %: ! e +5pD{OM9M9yEJN p       !~JVp|p$x %&n&JV+;SVJ &%)y]!-M#">m JVnIH>S@j  !l!$' $MOm0{O'  {;MOJVg { P m MOg0pG+;g y~JVp P MO"%KSVJ H;%&S@j !-M

 

PMT

S-K
d ph
42

d mu

Muon Direction

Point of Emission of
Photon Along Muon track

Muon Entry point in ID

JV{Om0$%  k  K3n*'0% P +5!-JNn6L3JN% e M;s#!$' %:L5+;$JV+;h SV%)p/m p"%&y\sfM;,n=+;SNn&m SV+5!-JNg {      $%)!$m $g P JVp"0!-p&k [ ' % P +5JVgYsf%=+T!-m "%&p:M;s(!-' JNp8+;SV{;MO$J@!-' P +;"%lp$J P JVSV+; !-M  T    k [ ' %$pF!8{Om %&p"p6sfMOD!$' %7%)g>!$"jzx MOJNg!6JVp<%XW0+;n)!$SNjE!-' %|p-+ P %l+;p6JNg  T    k [ ' %7$pF!:{Om %)p$p
sfMO6!-' %l%CW3JN!8x MOJVg!:JNp6{OJNL;%&g hjY!-'0%ln*'+;${;% e %&JN{O'!-%)yn)%&g!-%)QM5s P +;p"p:M;s/+5SVS#Z E[ p e J@!-'n*'+;${;%Q{;$%=+T!-%&,!$'+;g   T:x %;k16g n)%K!-' %vJVg0JN!-JV+;SR{Om %)p$pG'+;plh %&%)g P +;y %usfM;7!-' %U%)g>!$"j~+5g y~%XW3JN!Gx MOJVg!$p|!-' "m P m T&p"!

n&MOm g!$p/!-' %Dg9m P h %)/M;sdZ \[ pGPQ  XS e ' MOp$%6!$M;!*+5S n*' +;${O% '   T6x %6+;g yK+;$%DSVM9n=+5!$%&y+5! P MO"%:!-'+;g

P %4!-%&"p2sf"M P !$' % %)g!-"jEx MOJVg!&k  !D+;SNp$M}n&MOm g!$p2!$' % SNJVpF! M;s Z \[ p<+ P M;g {Q    qZ \[ p e ' JNn*'~+;$%USNM3n&+5!-%)yw+5!lSN%&p"p|!-'+5g  P sf$M P !$' %K%XW3J@!lx M;JVg!
PRQ    XS4k s %)JN!$' %&GQ    KM;GQ       U!$' %&g !$' %G%XW3JN!:x MOJNg>!6JVp:%)L5+;SNm+5!$%&ym p$JNg {q!$' % p$+ P % x "%&n)JVp$% {O$JNy\p"%=+;"n*' P %4!-' M9yEm p$%)yYJVg     \h>j P +63W J P J )JVg {7% ">m+ !-JVM;g  k _ %C0W n)%&x0!!-'+T!(!$' %2p$m P JVpRn&+;$"JV%&y}MLO%) +;SNS Z \[ psfMO e ' JNn*'  '  sfMO !-' %2n=+5p$%Q   ! q+5g y   '  sfMO/!-'0%Qn&+;p$%0
Q     0k!-' %v+;h MLO%

WJ@!-' !-' JNpQ+;pQ g+;S  ! _     ! n&+;SVn)m SA+5!$%&p6!$' % P JVg0J P m P y JNp"!*+5g n&%}h %4! e %)%&g !$' %%&g!-Fjvx MOJNg! +;g y\Z \[ p e J@!-'U!-M5!*+;S?n*' +;${O%8{O"%=+5!$%&/!$'+;g   T:x %;k  s#!$' JVp y JNp"!-+;g n&%:JNp,SV%)p$p

No of events

  

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Good Fit0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

1

No of events

stopmu2ndgof
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Good Fit0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

1

rcone

VJ {Om0$% |k  6JNp"!$$JVh0m0!-JNMOgwM;s6pF!-MOx P m  g y0{OM;sP !-MOxox+;g %)SSl+;g y ,- PfSVM e %)qx +;g %&S S7JVg
   qsfM;('0MO$J &MOg!*+5S pF!-MOx0x JVg { P m MOg}%)L;%&g!-p,JNg e '0JVn*'u!$' %20! e +;p n)MOg p$JNy %&"%&yK{;M3M9y
P m p"JVg {}!-' % p-+ P % n)$J@!-%&"JVMOg\+;p2JVg JV{ |k  S k [ ' % L;%&"!$JVn&+;S#SNJVg %)p $%&x0$%&p"%&g!-p6!$' %8!-' "%&p$'0MOSVy
L;+5SVm %)p sfM;/!-' %  T   U !,!$Mqh %:n&M;g p$JNy %&"%&yz{;M3M9y?k!-'+;g  P +;g yl{OM9M3y0g %&p"p JVp#{O$%&+5!-%)#!-' +;g 0kD!-'0%&g7!-'0% L5+;SVm % M;s P m0j9glJVpd!*+(H5%&gl!-M<h % T;k   !l!-'0%&gln=+5SVn&m0SA+5!$%&p !$' %/{OM9M3y0g %&p"p L5+;SVm % -  sfMO {OM9M9y    !v !-p n&+;g\h %:sfMOm g yvJNg #JV{ k |k

M;s



 

,- d
 m p$JNg {:% ">m+T!-JVM;g |k 0k 6JNp"!-"JVh m3!-JVM;g









!O  JVpE+;SNp$Mwp$x %&n)JA+;SNJ )%&y^!-M ">m JVnIH>SNjX !v!-' "m {OMOJNg { P m MOg0pESNJ H5%Y!-' "m P m  g0y?k!O JVg J@!-JA+5SVSNj P +(H;%)pn)SV%&+;g JVg0{ n)m0!-pR!-M {O%)!$JNyqM;s y+; Hlg MOJVp"%D'0JN!Z \[ p/+;g0yup$%)SV%)n)!-pMOg S@j7!-' M;p$%Z E[ pPRQ  + (S e ' JVn*' '+=L;%l+5!6SN%=+;pF!T|g %=+;"%&pF!:g %&JN{O'>h M;D' J@! e J@!-' JNg

g0p&k

!O  !$' %&gp$%&SN%&n4!-p7!-'0%K%=+;"SVJN%&p"!   Z \[ pl' J@!l+ P MOg {z!$' %&p"%Un&SN%=+;g !$m h %&p&k  P MOg0{z!-' %)p$%  z
 !$m h %&p
!O  !$' %&g SNM3M H>p2sfMO<n)SVm pF!-%&"p6M;s(Z \[ pP P JNg J P m P

n&SVm0p"!-%)IS e ' JNn*'z+;"%Q+;SVS?'0JN! e JN!$' JVgg>m P h %&6M;s!-m h %&p6"% ">m JN$%&yYsfM;6+

Gg0p<+;g0yEp"m n*'z!$'+5!,!-'0%Qn*' +;${O%QM;s#%=+;n*'\Z\[ JNgv!$' %



 

70
Good Fit

No of events

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

1

Thrumu1st rcone

JV{Om0$% |k   6JVpF!-$JNh m0!$JVMOg]M5s ,-  7m p$%)yrJVg     !IsfM;}%4LO%)g>!$pqsfMO e ' JNn*'XJ@!G{+=LO%
O{ M3M9y  !-p4P m0p$JVg0{E!$' %Gp-+ P %qn)$J@!-%&"JVMOg +5p JNg #JV{ |k  S4k [ ' %GLO%)"!-JNn=+;SRSNJVg %7"%&x "%&p"%&g!-p|!$' %!-' "%&p$'0MOSVyvL5+;SVm %6sfM; ,-   sfM;/!-' %: ! !-MGh %8n&MOg p"JVy %)$%)yz+G{OM9M3yUMOg0%;kn&SVm0p"!-%)1T  T  T   e ' %)$%  <JVp !-'0% n*'+5${O% M;s !-'0%|Z \[ +;"MOm g y e ' JVn*'\!-' %Qn&SNm p"!$%&JVp P +;y %;kI16g n)%vp$m n*'on&SVm0p"!-%)$pGM;s<Z \[ pq' +L;%\h %&%)gIsfM;m g yw!-' %)go!$' %Un&SNm p"!$%& e JN!$'~!$' %SA+;"{O%&pF!<Z \[ pDJVp n*' MOp"%&g +5g y\!$' % n)SVm pF!-%)2x MOp"JN!-JNMOgE+;g yE!-J P %:JVp {OJ@LO%)g\hj\+=LO%&$+;{O%QM;s !$' %x MOp"JN!$JVMOg p(+;g0yu!-J P %)pM;s+;SVS Z \[ p,JNg}!$' JVpn&SVm0p"!-%)&k [ ' %)g _ !O  p"%&SV%)n)!$p/+;SNS Z \[ p e ' JVn*'e %)$%7' J@!2%=+;"SVJV%),!-'+;gE!-' JNp<+=L;%&-+5{O% !$J P %;k [ ' % P m MOg\%&g!-Fj\x MOJNg>!D+;g0yz!-J P %8JVp {OJ@LO%)gYhj!-' %8+=LO%)-+;{;%:x MOp"JN!$JVMOgU+5g yK!-J P %DM;s.!-' %)p$%:%=+5$SNjq' J@!-p&k [ '0JVp g0JVp$'0%&p,p$%)SV%)n)!-JNMOgUM;s.!-'0%6%&g!-Fj
x MOJNg!=k

 p"J P JVSV+;,x $M9n&%)y m "%lJVp<sfMOSNSVM e %&yz!$MKp$%)SV%&n4!:!-' %|%XW3JN!:x MOJNg>!&k!  p"%&SN%&n)!$p KZ \[ pe JN!-' P +6W3J P m P n*'+;"{O%q+ P M;g {K!-' %}SVJNp"!:M5s/n&SN%=+;giZ \[ p m p$%)y JVg !$' %}+;g+;S@j3p"JVp)k  !8!$' %&g

SVM9M H>p2sfMO2n&SNm p"!$%&"p<M;s(Z \[ p:+5$MOm g0y\!-'0%&p$% uZ \[ p)k [ ' %)gYsfMOD%&+;n*' n&SNm p"!$%&D+;SVSdZ \[ pe JN!-' P MO$%,n*' +;${O%,!$'+;gl!-' %2+=LO%)-+;{;%2n*' +;${O% M;s !-'0JVp n&SNm p"!$%&R+;"% p$%&SN%&n4!-%&y k [ ' %&g}sf$M P !-' JNp
SVJVpF!,sfp"! P m\SNM3n&+5!-%)p,!-' %QZ \[ e ' JNn*'zJNp s +5"!-'0%&p"! sf"M P !-'0% %)g>!$"jvx MOJVg!2+;g0yzn=+5SVn&m0SA+5!$%&p,JN!$p

 



y JVpF!*+;g n)%>P +  AS4k !O   SN!-%)$p2MOm0!D+;SNS.Z E[ p e ' MOp"%|y JNp"!-+;g n&%Qsf$M P !-' %Q%&g!-FjEx MOJNg!DJNp+  [ ' %2!-$JV+;S%XW3J@! x MOJVg!$p(n)MO$"%&p"x MOg0y JVg {Q!-M %=+;n*'Kn)SVm p
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70
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No of events

50
Good Fit
40
30
20
10
0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Fstmu Goodness

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No of events

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40
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0

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0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

5

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60
40
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100
80
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No of events

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30

20

10

0

0

5

10

15

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25

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35

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NNfit Goodness

JV{Om0$% |k  6JVpF!-$JNh m0!$JVMOgYM5s a  {OM9M9y g %&p"pQsfM;:' MO$J &MOg!-+;S !-' "MOm {O'  {OMOJNg { P m M;g p8JVg
e ' JVn*'K !/JVp {;M3M9y Pfy %)!$%& P JVg0%&yKm p"JVg {|p-+ P %<n)$JN!$%&"JVMOgu+;p/JVg JV{ k  k  S k [ ' %6L;%&"!$JVn&+;S SNJVg %)p
$%&x0$%&p"%&g!-pD!-' %Q!-' "%&p$'0MOSVyEL;+5SVm %:sfMO,!-'0% 3a!E{OM9M9y g %&p"p6+5! e ' JNn*'\!$' %  !2JNpDn)MOg p$JNy %&"%&y{OM3M9y?k  

 T ,k  m {+5%)L   _ Z '>j9p"JVn=+5S2%4L3JN% e _ + _    T P  TS
  Dk|k <n*'+;   _ Z 'j3p"JVn)p %)!"!-%)$p _"!  _ TP T   S
 # k$ %&JNg %&p   _ Z '>j9p"JVn=+5S2%4L3JN% e .%4!$!$%&$p _"!  _   P T S % [ k'&lk)(Q+5JVp$p"%& _ ' %&x  x '   T

7P   S +*7k m"H>m y +   _ K3m0x %)  &8+ P JVM(H5+5g y %T  7P T  S

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 MOSNSA+;h MO-+T!-JVM;g _ Z 'j9p$JVn&+;S,2%4L3JN% e %4!$!-%)$p _  !_\%&p"p$JN%& _.-0/ 21 354 )687 :9 ;. <357>= # ?@?BA C7#DFEHG? / I J7#3K?L7M6ON 2DP7Q?SRUTJ4:9 ;WV <357Q?+X <<TZY;R[%\ ID J7Q]I3)1 _ Z '?k7k [ ' %)p$JNp _  MOpF!-MOg_^Dg J@LO%)$p$J@! j _ P T S a`7k'Qk D' P +;y   _ K ; 1

 MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;Sb %)L9JV% e .%4!$!$%&$p _ c _  T T T`7k'Qk D' P +;y   _ K ; 1

 MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;Sd2%4L9JV% e .%4!$!$%&$p _ 5e _   T T

P  (SP  T S

 # K k m"H>m y+   _ K3m x %&  &8+ P JNM HT+;g y %P  (S MOSNSA+;h MO$+5!-JNMOg _ Z 'j9p$JVn)pf%)!"!-%&"p _5g )hc _ T  MOSVSV+;h M;-+5!$JVMOg _ Z 'j3p"JVn&+;SB2%4L3JN% e .%4!$!$%&$p _ cUj _   T  

 #i&lk  {Om0n*' J   _ &8+ P SA+;g0y

P  S

 T

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 MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;S %)L9JV% e .%4!$!$%&$p _ cj _   T  TGP  S

 T# ik k <' g   _ & I& T T ik <k)(:MOg &+;SV%   (8+;"n&JA+|+;g y *lk ; JN _ 2%4L3JN% e p2M;s \M3y0%&$g\Z 'j3p"JVn)p _ eU _    P   S
 T  ik m H9m0{OJN!-+l+;g y [ kK*+;g+;{OJNy+ _ ZR'j9p$JNn&p>%)!$!$%&"p _)g ! e  _   P T S
 T#i8k |k <SNx ' %& _ kk MOSVSNJVg _ +;g y 8k <k L2%& P +;g0g _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;S,2%4L9JV% e _ c _ T   P T  S

 T%  k ZR"J P +;nIH _ +;p"!$$M  x '   T  >P  S T LQkJVx"H>JVg _ ' %)x  x ' T P T S T # k Dk \n&y M;g+;SVy   _ +;pF!-$M  x '  T T   P  S T  7k ; k"K3x %&${;%&S J  _<Z!   _ T  P  S

 MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ <p"!$$MOx0'>j9p"JVn=+5S  MOm $g +;SK3m x0x SV% P %)g>! _ T #  k L k [ +=j9SVMO _ 2%4L9JV% e p2M;s \M9y %&"gzZ 'j9p$JVn)p _?_  T T P T NS
 T#*kK>!*+;JN$p _ .J@L9JVg {  %)L9JV% e p JVg2%)SA+5!$JNL9JN! j _?_  P  S
 #  k ; k /+;' n&+;SVS +;g yZ2+j P MOg y :+=L9JVp _ Z m h0SVJVn&+5!-JNMOg pM;s <p"!$$MOg0M P JNn=+;S K3M9n&JV%4! juM5s Z#+ n)JNn _ !!  _  P  S

  Ti8k  JNMOg!*+   _ Z '>j9p"JVn=+5S %)L9JN% e %4!$!-%)$p _ ) _ T  P T  S
  i&lk LDJN-+5!-+   _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;S" %)L9JV% e %)!"!-%&"p _  _ T P T  S
 # |k [ "J P h0SV% _ 2%4L9JV% e p M;s \M9y %&"gzZ 'j9p$JNn&p _  j _  P T  S  % ik z+;SN%&H   _ K9m x %)  &Q+ P JNM HT+;g y % T T TP  S

  ik m"H>m {OJN!-+l+;g yh  j _   P  S

 MOSVSV+;h M;-+5!$JVMOg _ Z 'j3p"JVn&+;S2%4L9JV% e %)!"!-%&"p _ cUj _&8+ e +;p$+(H>J _ \M;g>!$' SNj ; M;!$JVn)%&p,M;s2MjO+;S <pF!-"MOg M P JVn&+;S K9M3n)JV%)! j _

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  # <kK9x JV%)$JVg0{ _ MOm0$g+;SM5s Z 'j9p$JVn)p _ c _   P  S   k L<+;S &%)g\+5g y 7k"LDM9MOx %) _  %&x MOF!-p M;s ZR"MO{O"%&p$p2JVgEZ 'j9p$JVn)p _  _ T 7P   S
  # ik K k [ m "g %& _  g!$%&$g +5!-JNMOg+;S  M;m $g+5S?M;s EM3y %)$g\Z '>j9p"JVn&p _ ! e _ T P   S
 #  k Ry0pfB"MK+5g yEZ#k)(:MOg y MOSNM _ Z 'j9p$JNn&p>.%4!$!$%&$p _)g h),e _ P T (S #  k' JVn*' _ Dp"!$$MOx+5"!-JNn&SN%8ZR'j9p$JNn&p _  _  P T S
  T k)(8M;m SVy _ <pF!-$M;x 'j3p"JVn&+;S  MOm $g +;S _ h) _ P T  S
   K k m"H>m y+   _ K3m x %&  &8+ P JVM HT+;g y0%
P  S

 # K9m x %)  &Q+ P JNM HT+;g y %T P  S4k

 MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ Z 'j9p$JVn&+;S %)L9JV% e %)!"!-%)$p _  _ MOSVSV+;h M;-+5!$JVMOg _ ; m n)SV%=+5 g p"!$$m P %&g!$pz+;g0y \%)!$' M3y0p _ Uj !Y_  %i k 7k,d+5g y+;mz+;g y,k k5J@sfp$' J@!  _  #?@?J4 T@7  _7M6fA 1#? _ MOg y M;g <y y0JVp$M;g 
%&p"SV%4j<P T   S4k  LQk&:m P %   _ ; m n&SN%=+;  g pF!-"m P %)g!-pD+;g y \%)!$' M3y0p _ h)c _ P T S4k
 #i8k

 SA+;m p   _ ; m n&SN%=+;  g p"!$$m P %&g!$p \%)!$' M3y0p6JVg Z 'j9p$JNn&p+ %&p$%&+;$n*' _    !_   

P T (S   [ k [ +;g J P M;$J   _     [ $+;g p$+;n)!$JVMOg p MOg ; m n&SN%=+;%K3n)JV%&g0n&%dh _   P T S4k
 #

R+;$S _ N Y @4@T A"7 a9 ;U4 @7#3

@43US7 = 7 1 @? A  / 7  1_Y;QR@Y%D D  

 ?<3 Y;QR[%\ ID J7Q]I3)1 /Z '?k7k [ ' %)p$JVp _  MOpF!-MOg_^ k _ P  S

 #  k K k(:%&M;${O% _- R<D 3UY2; 1 7M6 <TdN  DP7Q?SRUTJ4   I J7 <3  Ti= ;   <V"! - 3 #$ I3 _ Z '?k7k [ ' %&p"JVp _ ^Qk+;p$' JNg {;!$MOg _ P T ST  # ik K3'0JVM &+ e + _ N Y C4@T687  C7#M7#3 @4  

<3 [ ' %)p$JNp _ ^Dg0JNLO%)$p"JN! jvM;s [ M(H>j;M _; ML k T @4S7  _ Z '  I

 T 3K] 7 / "T '!"!-x   !$y p$%)"LO%)&TOk sfg+;S k {;ML sfM;p"!-%) M3M ;  Z ' M5!-M P m0SN!-JNx SVJN%&  P x SVM;p$JVM;g?k x y0s   '!"!-x   e,e,e  p H k JNn&"&ktm  !$M HjOM k +;n;k B"x n&+;m p"%  n)M P}P J@!$!-%)% JNg y %CW  %;kt'! P S

P Z +;F!-JV+;S  g {;SVJVp"' !-$+;g p"SA+5!$JVMOg p'!"!-x   g g0{O$MOm0x?k x0'>j9p"JVn&p)k p"m gj9p$h?kt%&y m SM;s$%)x M;"!-p+;$%+=L5+;JNSA+;h SN%+5!

 ,1  M;SVSA+5h MO$+5!-JNMOg _ k P h $MOp"JVM   _ <pF!-$M;x+;"!$JVn)SV%ZR'j9p$JNn&p _ c _ T  P T S  % MO+  MOg g %) _ N Y2; 1 7M6 Y 7  >9 ;. <357Q?+; ?<3 <TfY;QR[%\ ID J7Q]I3)1
@4M7   #Z '?k7k [ ' %)p$JVp _ ^Dg J@LO%)$p$J@! jUM;s z+;"j9SV+;g y _ P T (S  kMO' P +;g0g _ 8kU&:MOx x\+;g yQk RM;p$p _  # Y2;K1 7M6 #
9 ;. <357'   I3)1 # 'I <3

[ M HjOM _ P T S : ; jO%&SNSVM e "%&x MO"!    _ P T   S

     9 ;W <357 E ?Q4   I J7#3K? X <<T N  DP7Q?SRUTJ4

Y;R[%\ ID J7Q]I3)1 &lk p$' JN'+;-+ _ Z '?k7k [ ' %&p"JVp _ ^Dg0JNLO%)$p"JN! j M;s  i&lk ; J@!$!*+ _ 9 ;W <357ZE ?Q4   I J7#3 N 3  Q? ? 7M6 R)X  1  T C7#; #T.V .7 <3 I3)1aYM7@R R <3= ;U7#3K? <3 Y;R[%\ ID J7Q]I3)1 Z '?k7k [ ' %&p"JVp _ 16p$+(HT+ ^2g JNL;%&$p"JN! j<P  S  #i&lk \n M;g g %&SNSZN?C4@T 687  ;     T  #T 3 # 3 ;W <357Q?_6C7#D?Q7#; C4 @?VK k <k [ '0%&p$JNp _ z+;p"p-+;n*'>m p"%)!"!-p g0p"!-J@!-m0!$%8M;s [ %&n*'0g MOSVM;{;jP   S

   IV   .4 J4

  # 7k /+;p$x %& _; m n)SV%=+5DZ 'j9p$JNn&pDZR"M3n)%&%)y JVg {;p K9m x x SN% P %&g! !)!  _ T  T P   S
 # ik L2MOg y+    _ ZR'j9p$JNn=+;S" %)L9JV% e +  _    P T  S
  T |k <{O$+ e +;S J  _ Z 'j9p$JVn&+;S %)L9JV% e + h _ T  TP T S  a(lk /+T!$!-JNp"!$MOg J J  _ <pF!-"MOx+;F!-JVn)SV%:Z 'j9p$JNn&p _! c _   P  ST
 # [ k'&lkO(8+;JNp$p$%)7+;g0y k5LDMOg y + _ <g0g9m +;S0 %)L9JN% e M;s ; m n&SN%=+;|+;g ywZ#+;"!$JVn&SN%>K9n&JV%)g n&% _ _ T  P  (S  % ik)(8Sm0nIH _ ,k2%4j+ _ +;g y  k RMO{;! _ kZ '>j9p"JVn&pG  e _ P T S
 |ZdkJVx+;"J?+;g0y [ kK9!-+;g %4L _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;S" %)L9JV% e+  _    P T  TS  # [ k'&lk(Q+;JNp$p"%& _  7Q?D J4  ? I3)1

  J4

:T?J4@? _ /+ P h "JVy {;% ^2g JNL;%&"p$JN! jZ $%)p$p  +*7k m"H>m y +   _ K3m0x %)  &8+ P JVM(H5+5g y % MOSNSA+;h MO-+T!-JVM;g _ Z 'j9p$JVn&+;S,2%4L3JN% e %4!$!-%)$p _  _  #+*7k m"H>m y +   _ K3m x %&  &8+ P JNM HT+;g y % MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ Z 'j9p$JNn&p %)!$!$%&"p _g   e _ T  

P T S   P T  S

P T S #i&lk.(lk  %&{;% P +;g J  _ \MOg!-' S@j ; M;!$JVn)%&pRM;s  Mj+;S Dp"!-"MOg M P JVn&+;SK3M9n&JN%)! j _   c _  

P T T S # [ kK3+(HT+ P M5!-M _ k ' JVh +}+5g y [ k <k  %)%&$p _ <pF!-$M;g M P jv+5g y <p"!$MOx 'j9p$JNn&p _ hc,e _ P  S  T  k ; +=L5+;"$M _ <k K k $%)g"H _ +;g y

P T S   <k<SNn&M9nIH  K k7k ik W' J@!-% _ Dp"!$$MOx 'j9p$JNn=+;S  MOm $g +;S _    _   L<1  M;SVSA+5h MO$+5!-JNMOg _ Dp"!$$MOx 'j9p$JNn=+;S  MOm "g+;S _ Uj _  T  P  T S

 # K k  m0$SV%)p _ &lk k ; MOSNSV%)!"! _ +;g y ik K k [ m $g %) _ Dp"!-"MOx 'j9p$JNn=+;S  MOm $g +;S _   _  TGP  T S
  % K k 7k

W' JN!$% _ <kNK k $%&g H _ +;g0y k :+=L9JVp _ Dp"!$$MOx 'j9p$JNn=+;S  MOm $g +;S _ ,e  _  TP T S    k ZR"J P +;nIHU+;g0y ik$&lk)(:$MOp"p _ +;pF!-$M  x '   T  7P  S
 # K [ $% P +;JNg %8+;g y  k  k)(:m g g _ ZR'j9p$JNn=+;S" %)L9JV% e %)!"!-%)$p _   _    P T  S T
   ,k kO&:MOSNh]+;g y k K [ m "g %& _  T -  3 / @? _ <y y JNp$MOg  %&p$SN%)j _  %&y e M9M3y J@! j<P T  S

 #|Zdk)(8M;g y MOSNMl+;g y (GkU(8%)S P JVg J _ ; m n&SN%=+; Z 'j9p$JVn)p _)g h  j _ T  P T TS
 # K k Z#%&"S P m3!$!-%)    _ <p"!$$MOx0'>j9p"JVn=+5S  M;m $g+5S _  ! e _    P T  Sk%&%Q+;g0y$K k # Dk%)JVg>h %)${ _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;S" %)L9JV% e %)!"!-%&"p _ hc _ T  

PT   S

  T ik&Q+ P JNMOg"H;M e p H9J _ ' %)x  x ' TP T  S   7k /+;SVy e %&SNS   _ ZR'j9p$JNn=+;S %)L9JN% e %4!$!-%)$p _   _  T P T S
 #i&lk(8"JV%)p"!|+;g y  k5K3JVS H _M; +T!-m "% _ h  h _  %4!$!-%)$p _   _  T  P T S  % ik \MO$J   _ &8+ P JVM HT+;g0y %P T S : k ik&:-+5m p$p _ ZR'j9p$JNn=+;S02%4L9JV% e
 MOSNSA+;h MO-+T!-JVM;g _ ZR'j9p$JNn&p>%)!$!$%&"p _)g )c _ P T  S

 LQk ,kLD+;h %)2+;g y_(Gk' kU&8+;g % _ ZR'j9p$JNn&p 2%)x MOF!-p _ !! e _  P T  S  # K k$ k%(8SV+;p$'0M e _A; m0n&SV%&+;dZ '>j9p"JVn&p _  _  0P T  TS |k6K3+;SA+ P +;g y  k <k ]+5$y _ ZR'j9p$JNn&p
%4!$!-%)$p _ ! h _ T >P T NS K k%)JVg>h %)${ _ Z '>j9p"JVn=+5S  %)L9JV% e %4!$!-%)$p _ ! c _ T   

P T   S4k   ,k WJ@!$!-%)gEZR'j9p$JNn&p>%)!$!$%&"p _)g ! j, _    P T TS  # k WJVSNn &%,H _; m n)SV%=+5 ZR'j9p$JNn&pDZ $M9n&%&%)y JVg0{Op%K3m x x SN% P %&g! _!! e _ "TP  S
 #LQk)(8M;SVy h %&"{ _ Z 'j9p$JVn&+;S %)L9JV% e %)!"!-%&"p _ Uj _ T"T P T S
 #  k RSNSVJNp    _"; m n)SV%=+5DZ 'j9p$JNn&p _)g h _  P T  NS
  Ta(lk  m0g { P +;g _ kQ&8+ P JVMOg H;M e p H>J _ +;g0yd&lk(:$JN%&pF! _ Z 'j3p"JVn)p %&x MO"!$p _   e _ TOP T S    k  y pfB M _ N ?SR@4 ? 7M609 ;. <357 @4 J7#3_7M609 ;W  <357^2x x p$+;SA+ ^Dg0JNLO%)$p"JN! j _ K e %)y %&g:P T (SC]= I  9Z '[ ' %)p$JNp _  #i k(:JV$+;$y0%&SVSNMl+;g y k [ k,(8"JVp$+;$m _ ; m n)SV%&+;2ZR'j9p$JNn&p _,g ! c  _   P T   S
  % [ k +;S H _ &lk k 16SVJNL;%8+;g y kK3"%&y g0JVnIH>J _ Z 'j9p$JVn)p %4!$!-%)$p _,g hhc _   P T NS   [ kL2%&h h %&H5%& _ Z 'j9p$JNn&p %4!$!-%)$p _g  eKj _ P T S
 # 7k"LDM9MOx %) +;g y [ Z SV%)' g _ Z 'j9p$JNn&p %4!$!-%)$p _g    _ T P  S    k Ry0pfB MK+5g yEZ#k)(:MOg y MOSNM _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;S" %)L9JV% e _ +_ ?_ T   P T  S
 # ik)(8M9M3y P +;gK+;g y  k WJ@!$!$%&g _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;S" %)L9JV% e _ +_h !_   P T S
 # k)(8M;m SVy _ x $J@L5+5!-%:n)M PqP m g JVn&+5!-JNMOg
 # k)(8M;m SVy _ <pF!-$M;x 'j3p"JVn&+;S  MOm $g +;S _ h  !_   T P T  S
 T k)(8M;m SVy _ <pF!-$M;x 'j3p"JVn&+;S  MOm $g +;S _ h) _ P T TS
  ik&Q+ P JNMOg"H;M e p H9J _ Z 'j3p"JVn&+;S2%4L9JV% e _ +  _   T P T TS
 # 7k<g y %)$p"MOg  T@7  7M6+ T -  <T _  SA+5nIH e %&SNS K3n&JN%&g!-J@nQZ m h SVJNn=+5!$JVMOg0pGP T  S
 %a(lk  m g0{ P +5g\+5g y ik&Q+ P JNMOg"H;M e p H9J _ Z 'j3p"JVn&+;S2%4L9JV% e _ + !_   P T   S i k %&${;p"!-"M PE_  k  y pfB"M _ +;g yzZ#k(:MOg y0MOSVM _ Z '>j9p"JVn=+5S %)L9JN% e _ + _ T   7P T   S
 #i k %&${;p"!-"M PE_  k  y pfB"M _ +5g yzZdk)(8M;g y MOSNM _ Z 'j9p$JVn&+;S"2%4L9JV% e _ + _ T TP T S   M;!$!$JVg M J  _ <pF!-$M;x+;"!$JVn)SV%:Z 'j9p$JVn)p _ h _  P T S
 # K k2J@! :+;g0y 7k K3%&nIH5%&S _ ; m n&SN%=+; Z 'j9p$JNn&p _)g hUj  _    P T  S
 # |k %&"% )JVg p H>j J  _ Dp"!-"MOx+;F!-JNn&SV%8Z 'j9p$JNn&p _  _  P T S
 T%  kRy0pfB M _ 9 ;W <357#V 3)1I;U4 1 = ;U7#3;  @?+A C7#D 9 ;.  <357aN 3U3 T   I J7#3K?<3  T

-  <T I3)1  T+Y;.3 6JVx SNM P + [ ' %&p"JVp _ ^2x x p$+;SA+ ^Dg J@LO%)$p$J@! j _ K e %&y0%&g

P T ST T T  Z#k$(8MOg0y MOSVMG+5g y  kK3JVS H _ ZR'j9p$JNn=+;S %)L9JN% e %4!$!-%)$p _ h _ T  T

P T S

 T # |k k)(8'0%     _"; +5!$m $% _  j5e _  P  S

 T%  k  JVg g0%)j +;g0y#3 ID J4@? _ Z $JVg0n&%)!$MOg ^Dg J@LO%&"p$J@! jiZR"%&p"p _K k [ $% P +5JVg % _P T (S T Id&Q+ P JNM HT+;g y % T# .4 J4

 MOSVSV+;h M;-+5!$JVMOg _ k \M;$J   _ ZR'j9p$JNn=+;S) %)L9JV% e _ +   _ P T S ,1  MOSNSA+;h MO-+T!-JVM;g _ k  P h0$MOp"JVM   _ Z '>j9p"JVn=+5S  %)L9JV% e _ +  j _   

P T S4k

 T % 7k K3%)nIH;%)S _ [ k K9!-+;g %4L _ +;g0y [ k$&lk (8+;JNp$p$%) _ Dp"!$$MOx 'j9p$JNn=+;S  MOm $g +;S _ h _    P T T S
 T # /+(H>p-+;g MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ k ik MOSVJN%)L   _A; m n)SV%=+5 Z 'j9p$JVn)p P ZR"M3n)%&%)y JVg {;p K3m x0x SS _g   _ P T S

  M;SVSA+5h MO$+5!-JNMOg _ k kMNK3%&n)n&M   _ Z 'j9p$JNn&p>.%4!$!$%&$p _)g !  _   P T (S T %  T% ,1 MOSNSA+;h MO-+T!-JVM;g _ k  P h $MOp"JVM J  _ <pF!-"MOx 'j9p$JVn&+;S  MOm "g+;S _   ?_ T

P  T S

 T T %d&Q+ P JNM HT+;g y %P T S

 T T(T  /+(H>p-+;g MOSNSA+;h MO-+T!-JVM;g _ *7k61<j+ P +   _ Z '>j9p"JVn=+5Sa %)L9JV% e _ +hc _ T T M;SVSA+5h MO$+5!-JNMOg _ k k MOSVJN%)L   _ Z "M3n)%&%&y0JVg {Op|M;s  ;!$'  g!-%&"g+5!$JVMOg+5S M;p P JVn+2+jKn&MOg0sf%)$%)g n&%4P  M P % S !_    P T  S
 T T #    MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ Qk"K9LOMOh M9y+   _ <pF!-"MOx 'j9p$JVn&+;S  MOm0$g+;S _ h !  _   P T (S T T %   ;   MOSNSA+;h MO-+T!-JVM;g _  k <' "%&g p   _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;Si2%4L3JN% e _ +  ?_  
P  (S T TIQ'>!"!-x   SNJVp$+0k x0'>j9pF!-M ktp$% n&{OJ  h JNg %)y pfB"M + P +5g y+  W 5+;g g?ktn&{OJ T T# |k \MO-+5SV%&p _ ; m0n&SV%&+;2Z '>j9p"JVn&pDZ $M9n&%)%&y JNg {Op%K3m x x0SV% P %&g! _!)! j _ P   S
 T T %  kZ $J P +;nIH _ 7kNK9%&nIH;%)S _ +;g y <k K0+;y MOm0SV%)! _ <g0g9m +;S2%4L9JV% e M;s ; m n)SV%&+; +;g y}Z#+;"!$JVn&SN%

K9n&JV%)g n&% _ h _  T P T  S

 T T #K k(:MOS e +;SA+ -  4 ; ?J7#3  <D <<? 7#3 <T
Y @4 J7#3 6C7#D

<T   7  3J4

C]

C=

VJ9 ;4 @7#3 -  #? J4V Y 4I2 <3  C7Q?@?V= I   Y C4@T _ Z '?k !-'0%&p$JNp _ ^2g JNL;%&"p$JN! j 1<s/+5SVJNsfM;g JA+ _  %) H5%&SV%4j P  S
 T T %    MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ 8k  %)$g+;h %&J   _ Z 'j3p"JVn)p %)!"!-%)$p _g  Uj _ P  S
 T T %    MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ Qk  %&"g+;h %&J   _  %)L9JV% e p ; m MLOM  JVg % P !-M _  ?_ T P  S T %  $K n&MOSNSA+;h MO$+5!-JNMOg _ Qk <h m p$+;JVy0J   _ Z 'j3p"JVn&+;SL %)L9JV% e %)!"!-%)$p _   _   _P  S4k

 $K}n)MOSVSV+;h M;-+5!$JVMOg _ Qk Dh m p-+5JVy J   _ Z 'j9p$JVn&+;S,2%4L3JN% e _ + ?_ T  4P  (S T  #  $K  M;SVSA+5h MO$+5!-JNMOg _ 8k <h m0p-+;JNy J   _ ' %&x  %XW  T P  S T T 

 T % 
 T  I

:   K"Kvn&MOSNSA+;h MO-+T!-JVM;g _   %&g M;JN!   _ Z '>j9p"JVn&p %)!$!$%&"p _g    _  P  (S(Z:  ;  MOSNSA+;h MO$+5!-JNMOg _ 7k  SVJVg0%   _ ZR"M3n)%&%)y JVg {;p,M;s ;!-'  g>!$%&"g+5!-JNMOg+;S M; H p"' MOx MOg !$' %  y %)g>!$JNn&+5!-JNMOg M;s :+; H \+5!$!$%& _ %&y J@!-%&y hj ; k  k <kJ3K x M9MOg %& +;g y|k&:m y "jO+=L9!$p$%4L P   S T # k&8+ P JNMOg"H5M e p H>J    _ Z 'j9p$JNn=+;S %)L9JV% e %)!"!-%)$p _ e  _  T  P T (S T  %d^ & :+; H z+5!$!$%& MOSVSV+;h MO-+5!$JVMOg _ [ k  k K3m P g %)   _ ; m0n&SV%&+;ZR'j9p$JNn&pGP Z $M9n&%&%)y 

JNg {OpK3m0x x SV% P %)g!CS _g eKj _  

P T SUZ $M9n&%)%&y JNg {Op _  P %&$JNn=+;g  g p"!$JN!-m3!-%lM;sZ 'j3p"JVn)p  M;g sf%)$%)g n&% Z $M9n&%&%)y JVg0{Op _ ,eKj _    P   TS T  #K k)*(MOp"' JVy +K%)!=k?+;Sk K3x JNg 
 T  % Z#k ^2SVSNJVM _ ik &8+ P JVMOg"H5M e p H>J _ +;g yWZ RMO{O%)S _  MOm "g+;S6M5sOLDJV{;' R g0%&${5j^Z 'j3p"JVn)p _j ! j5e _   P  TS T % 7k (:$M9M PE_ ; k|k \M H>' ML _ *k K kK9!-"JV{+5g ML _ /!-M P JVn :+5!*+u+;g yh0SV%&p _ e  _ T P  TS; m0n&SV%&+; :+5!-+ [ +  T% <k K3+B"J _ Y2; 1Z7M6 ;R)X  1IV .7 <3 D ;U7#3K? <3 < 3 Y;R[%\ ID J7Q]I3)1 /ZR' k 7k [ ' %)p$JNp _; JVJN{+5!*+i^Dg J@LO%&"p$J@! j<P   S

 T T dQk /! H>JVg p J  _ <pF!-$M;x 'j3p"JVn&+;S  MOm $g +;S _ hh _ T(T
 T # Z#k \%&p =+;"MOp _ K3n)JV%&g0n&% _ c !_  T P  TS
 T% [ k ZRJN-+;g _ Z '>j9p"JVn&p> %&x MO"!$p _ hhh _  P  S T I <k k \%&%){+;g   _ ; +5!-m0$% _ h _ T P T   S
 T#Q'>!"!-x   {O+ PqP +;$+j;k P p"sfn5k g +;p-+0kt{OML h+5!$p$% {O$h SVJN{O'!-n&m0"LO%
 T %Q'>!"!-x   e,e,e kth+5!$p$%5k P p"sfn5k g+5p-+0kt{OML h+5!$p$% {O$h n=+5!-+;SVMO{ n&m "$%)g>!
 T #k K k Z#+;n&JN%&p$+;p   _ Dp"!$$MOx 'j9p$JNn=+;S  MOm0$g+;S K9m x x SN% P %&g! _!  _  P T S

 T %  kU&:M PqP %&"p    _ <p"!$$MOx0'>j9p"JVn=+5S  M;m $g+5SK3m x x0SV% P %&g! _! h  _   P  TS
 T% |k :+; +5g y  k 6% 2mB"m SA+ _ +;p"!$$M  x '    P  S
 T% k?j3m3!-J H5MLv+;g y_Qk  SA+;g0y0sfMO$y _ +;p"!$$M  x '   T TJP   S
 T T  Z#k \%)p &+;$MOp _ Dg g>m+;S) %)L9JV% e M;s <pF!-$M;g MOg M P jl+;g y <pF!-"MOx 'j9p$JVn)p _  j _ T P  (S T # 7k(8m0%)!$!-+    _ +5p"!-"M  x0'    P  S
 T%K3m x %&.&Q+ P JNM HT+;g y %,e  _  T  P   S

 M;SVSA+5h MO$+5!-JNMOg _ K k m H9m0y+ J  _ Dp"!-"MOx 'j9p$JNn=+;S  MOm "g+;S _ T I Z#k M3M9y p _ +;p"!$$M  x '     4P  S
 T #k Zdk(8+L9"JVSVS _ |k ik &8+;p$x0J.+;g yEZ#k k

M9M9y p _ ; +5!-m0$% _  ! c _ T 

P   S T%dQk 6m0g n=+;g\+;g y <k [ ' M P x p"MOg _ Dp"!-"MOx 'j9p$JNn=+;S  MOm "g+;S _ hc  _  P T  S
 T # <k '+;g0{ _ +;pF!-$M  x '   T  T  P   S
 T% <k '+;g0{ J  _ Dp"!-"MOx 'j9p$JNn=+;S  MOm "g+;S _ c) _   P  S
 T%i(Gk  g0{O%&S P +;gv+5g y ik [ '9m0g P +5g _ ' %&x  x '     P T S T % |k(K9!*+;n*'j9-+ _ N Y C4@T0687 :N ? @7@RUTQ?J4 H7 <3U5Y 7#; C4 @? 7M6:9 ;. <357Q? X < TiY;R V
\ ID J7Q]I3)1 _ Z '?k!-'0%&p$JNp _ ^2g JNL;%&$p"JN! j\1<s ]+;p"' JVg0{;!-MOg _ K3%=+T!$!-SN%P   S

 T T   kW%&+;$g %)yU+;g yP&lk z+5g g ' %)J PE_ Dg g>m+;S,2%4L9JV% e M5s ; m n)SV%&+; +5g yKZ#+;"!$JVn&SN% K9n&JV%)g n&% _Uj _   P  S T  # 6m0!$!-+JK k*k J  _ Z 'j3p"JVn&+;S2%4L9JV% e+  h _     P  TS T % |k kK9!*+5p"!-M _ +;p"!$$M  x '  T  P  S T  IdQk(8+;g y0' J J  _ <p"!$$MOx +;"!$JVn&SN%:Z 'j3p"JVn)p _  _  T P T  S
 T #d&Gk+;p$'>h m0$ga687  <T>Y;R VJ\  7    G7  I J7#3 _ Z $M9n&%)%&y JNg {Op M5s  g!-%&"g+5!$JVMOg+5S

P JVn 2+=j\n)MOg0sf%)$%&g0n&%  _ [ p$m"H>m h+ _  +;x+5g:P  S4k  k LD+;h JV{ _ !-+;S Hv+T!D!$' %g0%&m0!$$JVg0M e MO H9p"' MOx _ Dm {Om pF! 

 M;p  ' JNh+