IEA HPT COUNTRY REPORT: CANADAOVERVIEW OF HP POLICY & RD&D ACTIVITIESCanmetENERGY
In Varennes

UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉPRESENTATION OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES
Purpose: Understand current landscape for heat pumps in Canada
Showcase work to address market needs and support adoption

PolicyPolicy Drivers
HP related policies, programsContext
Climate, energy markets
Snapshot: ASHP potential

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HP RD&D
Supporting adoption across Canada

UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉCANADIAN CONTEXT: POLICY DRIVERS
2050
Net zero emissions

Built Environment: Key Focus Area
18% of national direct emissions
Residential Buildings:• 56% of res. bldgs use fossil fuel heating• Space, Water Heating: 99% of res. bldg emissions

2035
Net zero grids (draft reg.)

2030Emission Reduction Plan: 40% below 2005 levels
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UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉCANADIAN CONTEXT: SUPPORTING POLICY

Canada’s 2030 Emission Reduction Plan
“Regulatory standards, incentive framework tosupport transition off fossil fuels for heating”

Current National Policy & Programs
Canada Greener Homes Program: HP Incentives (HPs #1 upgrade under program)
Oil to HP Affordability Grant
Canada Green Buildings Strategy (in development)▪ Standards, incentive framework for transition off fossil fuels for heating

UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉCANADIAN CONTEXT: SUPPORTING POLICY
Select Regional Policies

Home Energy Retrofit Accelerator
City of Edmonton: Up to $5K CAD for HPs

CLEAN BC Rebate Program
Up to $6K CAD for HPs

NS Heating System Rebate
Up to $1.6K CAD for HPs

City of Vancouver
Jan 2023: No AC only systems
Home Energy Rebate Plus
Up to $7.8K CAD for HPs

Efficient HP Program
Up to $2.8K CAD for HPs

UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉCANADIAN CONTEXT: CLIMATEWhitehorse, YK
Climate:⚫ HDD:⚫ CDD:⚫ Tdesign:⚫

Montreal, QC

Subarctic
6580
10-41.1°C (-42°F)

Climate:⚫ HDD:⚫ CDD:⚫ Tdesign:⚫

Cold-Humid
4200
250-22.8°C (-9°F)

Vancouver, BC
Climate:⚫ HDD:⚫ CDD:⚫ Tdesign:⚫

Marine2825
40-7.2°C (19°F)

Halifax, NS
Climate:⚫ HDD:⚫ CDD:⚫ Tdesign:⚫

Edmonton, AB
Climate:⚫ HDD:⚫ CDD:⚫ Tdesign:⚫

Very Cold
5120
20-30.0°C (-22°F)

Toronto, ON
Climate:⚫ HDD:⚫ CDD:⚫ Tdesign:⚫

Winnipeg, MB

HDD = Heating Degree Days

Cold-Humid
4000
100-16.1°C (3°F)

Climate:⚫ HDD:⚫ CDD:⚫ Tdesign:⚫

Very Cold5670
170-32.8°C (-27°F)

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Cold-Humid
3520
280-17.8°C (0°F)

UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉCANADIAN CONTEXT: ENERGY* Utility Rates as of Nov. 2022, including carbon tax and rate riders

Whitehorse, YK

Montreal, QC

Electricity: $0.14/kWh
113 gCO2e/kWh
⚫ NG:
N/A
⚫ Fuel Oil:$2.18/L⚫

Electricity: $0.10/kWh
1.5 gCO2e/kWh⚫ NG:$17.15/GJ⚫ Fuel Oil:$2.27/L⚫

NG

Vancouver, BC
Electricity: $0.14/kWh
20 gCO2e/kWh⚫ NG:$15.31/GJ⚫ Fuel Oil:$2.18/L⚫

Halifax, NS
Electricity: $0.18/kWh
760 gCO2e/kWh⚫ NG:$33.96/GJ⚫ Fuel Oil:$2.07/L⚫

Edmonton, AB

Electricity: $0.18/kWh
670 gCO2e/kWh⚫ NG:$8.27/GJ⚫ Fuel Oil:$2.18/L⚫

Toronto, ON
Electricity: $0.16/kWh
30 gCO2e/kWh⚫ NG:$15.00/GJ⚫ Fuel Oil:$2.42/L⚫

Winnipeg, MBElectricity: $0.11/kWh
1.3 gCO2e/kWh⚫ NG:$12.25/GJ⚫ Fuel Oil:$2.18/L⚫

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UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉCANADIAN CONTEXT: TRANSITION TO HP
Transition NG Furnace to Air-Source (air-air) HPs: Utility Rates (2022 snapshot)
Note: Sample analysis (specific home, HP type, etc.)
Results dependant on utility rates, HP type, archetype
Subject to change in future
Grey areas on map: NG not available

Approximate Equal Annual Utility Costs

8Reductions in Annual Utility Costs

UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉCANADIAN CONTEXT: TRANSITION TO HP
Air-source (air-air) HPs in Canada: Key element of space heating decarbonisation

Energy, GHG, cost impacts depend on regional, integration
Energy Use: Decrease in all cases
GHG Emissions: Decrease in most regions*Utility Costs: Savings dependant on region
NG Furnace

Central CC ASHP

Energy Use: Decrease in all cases
GHG Emissions: Decrease in most regions*Utility Costs: Decrease in all regions
Oil Furnace

Central CC ASHP

Transition from elec. BB to HP also yields energy, GHG, cost savings
Note: Results dependant on utility rates & system costs used, and may change in future* Fed Govt.: Target Net-zero electricity grids by 2035

9UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉ

WHAT OTHER BARRIERS EXIST?
Driving HP adoption also means considering other issues

How do systems actually perform? How can deployment be supported?
Performance ratings for Canada
Training/guidance on HP integration
Support to codes, standards

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Implications of large HP adoption
Grid impacts of HP adoption
Flexibility provided by HP sys.

UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉSUPPORTING ADOPTION: HP PERF. RATINGS
Evolution of Air-source HP Regulations (min performance)

Prior to Jan 1, 2023

Jan 1, 2023 – Dec 31, 2024

Jan 1, 2025 and later(Split Central HP)
HSPF (Region V) ≥ 7.1
SEER ≥ 14(Split Central HP)
HSPF2 (Region V) ≥ 6.0
SEER2 ≥ 14.3
(5F test point optional)(Split Central HP)
HSPF2 (Region V) ≥ 6.0
SEER2 ≥ 14.3
(5F test point required)

Additional work: Supporting development of new load-based test standard (EXP 07)
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UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉSUPPORTING ADOPTION: HP PERF. RATINGS
Collaboration between NRCan, other organizations to support development of new test standard (SPE- 07)

Current Standard

CSA SPE-07(In development)

Struggles to reflectin-field perf. in Canada

Load-basedMore realistic perf. estimate
Identifies variation btwn HPs
Adapted to Canadian climates

HP A

HP B

HP CHP D12UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉSUPPORTING ADOPTION: HP SIZING
Improving HP Sizing: Maximizing HP Performance Benefits

Balance Point Temperature ( C)

NRCan ASHP Sizing & Selection Toolkit

Simulation-based Sizing Analysis

Framework for sizing, selecting air-source HPs in Canada

How should I size based on region, home?

Webinars/training to support installers (Market need)

Sample map of balance point temperatures
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UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉSUPPORTING ADOPTION: HP ELEC DEMAND
Understanding HP elec. demand critical for greater adoption
Sample: Transitioning from NG Furnace to HPs in Toronto

VCHP Max when full elec. aux, TOutdoor<TMin,HP (-23°C)
CCHP Max demand: HP + elec. aux (TMin=-23°C)
Extended HP (Tmin,HP=-25°C) range reduces increase

How do different ASHP tech. influence demand?
How can HPs provide flexibility via controls, storage?

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UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉBEYOND RESIDENTIAL SECTOR: C/I SECTORHigh Temperature HPs (HTHP) as Retrofits in C/I Buildings (Annex 60 work)
60 ⁰C
SourceSample applications:• District Heat (40°C)• HR CHW (data centre, labs, 35°C)• Geothermal (-5°C to +5°C)

80 ⁰C

HTHP: Strong potential as C/I HP retrofit solution

HTHP Assessment Tool (Under development)

Connect to HT heating sys. w/o need for costly renovation

Comparison of various HVAC systems

Enables low-T DH, heat recovery, renewable integration• Boiler/chiller, conven. HP, HTHP (various config)

Our Work: Testing, modelling, assessment tool development• GHG, energy, operational costs

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UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉBEYOND RESIDENTIAL SECTOR: INDUST. SECTORHigh Temperature HPs (HTHP) for Industrial Applications (Annex 58 work)
Partners

Source temperatures
up to 90°C

Sink temperatures
up to 150°C
Refrigerant Options:
R718, R744, others

HTHP: Solution to support decarbonisation of industrial processes
Evaluation of HTHP potential in industrial processes
Understanding Canadian market and refrigerant options

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UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉCANADIAN R&D FOR NEXT GEN HP SYSTEMSElec Demand and Flexibility of HP Systems
HPs must be optimized to support peak management
R&D Activity: HP + Thermal Storage systems (Grid Optimized HPs),
Advanced controls

Transition to Low-GWP Refrigerants
Transition to low-GWP refrigerants requires new solutions
R&D Activities: CO2-based HP systems and thermal networks
Refrigerant mixtures for cold climatesFirst Cost of GSHPs
GSHPs are an efficient solution, but have high first cost
R&D Activity: Compact ground heat exchangers
CO2 DX GSHPS
Standing Column Wells
17UNCLASSIFIED - NON CLASSIFIÉ

KEY TAKEAWAYS
Heat Pumps: A Key Element of Canada’s Decarbonisation Strategy
ASHPs: Breakeven or savings on annual utility costs under most scenarios/regions

National & regional policy driving increased uptake

Market Support Activities Critical to Driving Uptake
Proper sizing and integration needed to capitalize on system potentialTraining, industry support needed to broaden awareness of best practise

R&D for Next Generation Canadian Systems
Focus on affordable systems well adapted to Canada
Strong need for energy flexible HP systems, retrofit solutions
18© His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2023