Mayu Takagi
1602-111 St. Clair Ave W
Toronto, ONM4V 1N5twoXAR
http://www.twoxar.com• twoXAR is an AI-driven drug discovery company founded in 2014o Based in Mountain View, California• Mission: to improve health through computational medicine• Through the convergence of big data, cloud computing, and AI, they have built a drug
discovery platform that is faster, cheaper, and more accurate than traditional approaches• The company uses its AI platform to identify promising drug candidates and decreases
risks through preclinical studies• twoXAR develop their own drug candidates using their technology as well as collaboratewith biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to jointly discover new drugcandidates• They are profit-generating business• Co-founding team is from the Stanford School of Medicine and the MIT Sloan School ofManagement• twoXAR’s AI-based platform help to create portfolios of drug programs more efficiently
through predictive models
o this accelerates the drug development process, decreases risk, and substantiallyreduces overall costs• Andrew A. Radin is the CEO and Co-Founder of twoXAR
o He developed the company’s unique algorithmo Studied biomedical informatics in Stanford University’s SCPD graduate programo Has a Master of Science and Bachelor of Science degree in computer science• Andrew M. Radin (same name different person) is the other co-foundero He operates as the Chief Marketing Officer of twoXAR
o Holds a Master in Business Administration from MIT Sloan, a Bachelor ofScience in biochemistry and cell biology from UCSD + a Bachelor of Arts ineconomics from UCSD
• The company’s biopharmaceutical partners include:o Santeno KemPharmo adynxx
o 1stBio• They appointed Judy Lewent, Jonathan MacQuitty, and Howie Ronsen (combined they
have almost 90 years of combined R&D and commercial experience in thebiopharmaceutical sector) to establish a Business Advisory Board in November of 2017
• In March 2018, the company raised $10 million in Series A financing led by SoftBankVentures (a SoftBank Group early stage venture capital arm)o Andreessen Horowitz Bio Fund and OS Fund also joined in on the effortso Money will be used to build the company’s drug pipeline through partnerships
and to accelerate preclinical development of existing candidates•••••

twoXAR previously raised $4.3 million in seed financing from investors including
Andreessen Horowitz, CLI Ventures, and Stanford-StartX FundIn October 2018, KemPharm Inc (a clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical company
focused on the discovery and development of proprietary prodrugs) and twoXAR
announced they entered a technology collaboration to develop prodrug-based therapies
for multiple therapeutic areas and indications
o Will combined twoXAR’s AI-based technology to identify and de-risk drug
product candidates wit KemPharm’s LAT technology (developed to create new
prodrugs that are designed to address unmet patient needs)o This collaboration is meant to improve the profile of drug product candidates andgenerate long-lived composition-of-matter patentso KemPharm also executed a research and license agreement with Novoxar Inc. (asubsidiary of twoXAR), under which they will begin research to develop aprodrug that may form the basis of a target drug product candidate of Novoxar ina therapeutic area that has not yet been disclosed▪ This will make KemPharm eligible to receive specified license fees,
payment, and royalties on commercial sales of any product developed
under this agreement
On November 15, 2018 Adynxx Inc. (a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on
pain and inflammation) and twoXAR announced an agreement to develop an oral, nonhormonal drug therapy with the potential to address the underlying mechanisms ofendometriosis and improve upon the standard of careo twoXAR will use its AI technology to identify a set of drug candidates with thepotential to treat or prevent the recurrence of endometriosis and associatedsymptoms
o Adynxx will select candidates from this set to test for efficacy using in vivo
models of endometriosis based on predetermined criteria
o Following identification of one or more candidates, Adynxx will conduct
preclinical characterization work, IND-enabling work, and clinical development
At the end of November, 2018 twoXAR received a $225K Phase 1 Small Business
Innovation Research award from the National Cancer Institute of Healtho This one-year award will fund a program for twoXAR to use its AI-driven
platform to identify and validate new, first0in-class drug candidates for pancreaticductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that could improve patient survival outcomeso twoXAR will use its platform to identify drug candidates predicted to beefficacious for PDAC and then these compounds will be evaluated using in vitro
and in vivo preclinical assays
At the beginning of 2019, twoXAR announced an agreement with 1st Biotherapeutics Inc.
(a preclinical-stage biotechnology company focused on neurodegenerative diseases,
immune-oncology, and orphan diseases) to jointly discover and develop novel,
efficacious treatments to address unmet medical needs in glioblastoma multiforme
o twoXAR will use its AI technology to identify a set of drug candidates with thepotential to slow, stop, or reverse the progression of glioblastomao The two companies will then select candidates from this set to test in preclinicalefficacy models of glioblastoma

o Once one or more candidate have been identified, 1 st Biotherapeutics will use its
expertise in drug development to optimize candidates and finalize the creation ofnovel, efficacious treatments••

LinkedIn page of Andrew A. Radin (CEO and Co-founder) https://ca.linkedin.com/in/andrewradin?trk=org-employees_mini-profile_title
LinkedIn page of Brian Moriarty (CFO) https://ca.linkedin.com/in/brianmoriarty?trk=org-employees_mini-profile_title

https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/twoxar-incorporated#section-interest-signals-bybombora• Competetors:
o Recursion Pharmaceuticals - https://www.recursionpharma.com
o Cyclica - https://cyclicarx.com
o BenevolentAI - https://benevolent.ai• Number of employees: 11-50• Conducted 2 rounds of funding and raised $14.3M in total• 5 investors:o Andreessen Horowitz
o StartXo Softbank Ventureso OS Funcho CLI Ventures
https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/ai-player-twoxar-teams-up-1st-biotherapeutics-teamglioblastoma• twoXAR uses AI to speed up drug discovery and identify drugs that have the highest
probability to move forward into clinical trials and benefit patientso Does this by crunching data to make predictions
o Hey incorporate every possible bit of data they can get for that disease to come up
with statistical prediction on which drug candidates will be efficient in treating it• Radin the CMO states that the quickest way to get programs up and running is throughpartnerships• Since their focus is discovery, their plan is to first build up many partnerships and manycandidates
https://www.openpr.com/news/1590042/Incredible-possibilities-of-Artificial-Intelligence-InLife-Sciences-Market-2019-With-huge-Growth-by-Focusing-on-Players-as-IBM-CorporationAiCure-LLC-NuMedii-twoXAR-Atomwise-Lifegraph-Limited-Cyrcadia-Health-Zebra-MedicalVision-APIXIO-Enlitic.html• twoXAR was listed as a key player in the AI in life sciences market in the ResearchInsights reporthttps://medium.com/future-literacy/moving-drug-discovery-into-the-fast-lane-os-fund-invests-intwoxars-ai-driven-approach-67c907fc68f7

••••••••••

twoXAR can rapidly move from input data to drug candidates that can be tested in vivo –reducing the time and cost associated with drug development
Jeff Klunzinger (Founder and GP at OS Fund) believes twoXAR’s platform will lead to aportfolio of drug programs unprecedented in scale and scope
twoXAR’s platform has produced real results in animal studies → with 30% of their drugcandidates showing efficacy across four different diseaseso Traditional discovery methods yield a ~2% success rate and this stage of drug
development
twoXAR’s validation studies have led to multiple collaborationo Including one with Santen to discover new treatments for glaucoma
twoXAR has proven industry expertise in computational discovery as well as
pharmaceutical development
Their AI-driven approach allows twoXAR to build a portfolio at a massive scale with acapacity to identify promising drug candidates for hundreds to thousands of diseaseo They have already tackled hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), rheumatoid
arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and many more diseases
The scalability and efficiency of twoXAR’s platform allows them to extract high-value
drugs from existing compound libraries before other companies using existing highthroughout screening methodso Can screen compound libraries to identify drug candidates more efficiently →resulting in lead candidates in a matter of weeks
twoXAR is less likely to produce false-positive drug candidates because it uses multiple
computational methods to corroborate results.
o The degree of confidence is much higher with twoXAR’s predictions because theyuse multiple unbiased, statistically-independent, and optimized methods —applying multiple lenses to the same data for better results.
They are also more likely to identify promising drugs others might misso twoXAR looks for patterns across diverse and independent data sources ofbiological, chemical, and clinical data to identify drug-diseases assoications
most other AI-driven drug discovery companies use fewer data points sources whichnarrows their perspective

https://www.forbes.com/sites/intelai/2019/02/11/how-ai-is-revolutionizing-drugdiscovery/#5e40776eab4a• Getting from an initial idea to the start of the animal-testing phase typically takes 4-6yearso Using AI has allowed twoAXR to reduce that time to about 3 months
https://medcitynews.com/2017/03/twoxar-artificial-intelligence-drug-discovery/• AI takes away human bias
• twoXAR’s platform can sift through both small and large molecule libraries• The company’s aim is to use AI to make predictions that can drive rational decision
making in drug discovery• In February 2017, twoXAR announced a partnership with Osaka, Japan-based Santen
Pharmaceutical•o twoXAR will use its AI platform to discover, screen, and prioritize novel drugcandidates that are most likely to treat ocular indications, specifically glaucoma
Previous to this the platform was applied to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or livercancer) to screen a library of more than 25000 potential drug candidates
o They then identified the 10 top candidates for HCC
o Proof-of-concept studies were then performed by the Asian Liver Center atStanford Universityo They then fond that its candidate, TXR-311 showed positive results in cell-based
assayso https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170314005606/en/twoXARAnnounces-Preclinical-Proof-of-Concept-Data-Liver-Cancer

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170619006292/en/twoXAR-AnnouncesPreclinical-Proof-of-Concept-Data-Type-2
June 19, 2017
• twoXAR announced that its candidate, TXR-411 ha shown promising results in the db/db
mouse model of type 2 diabetes
o TXR-411 is a molecule that twoXAR identified as having a high probability ofbeing effective in treating T2DMo Proof-of-concept studies in the db/db mouse model were performed by Melior
Discovery (a leading research provider of preclinical services)o The aim of these studies was to demonstrate proof of concept of twoXAR’s AT
platform as a discovery engine capable of uncovering new therapies across adiverse set of diseases• Initial examination of TXR-411 data showed an approx. 50% decrease in glucose levels
without the weight gain associated with rosiglitazone• twoXAR was able to select this disease, identify and shortlist candidates, and generate
efficacious preclinical results in less than 3 months• In the last 12 months, twoXAR publicly announced positive preclinical proof-of-concept
data in rheumatoid arthritis, liver cancer, and now type 2 diabeteso Across these studies, 30% of the novel candidates they tested in preclinicalstudies showed statistically significant efficacy signals in the in vivo models’respective endpoints
http://www.pharmexec.com/emerging-pharma-leaders-andrew-radin-and-andrew-m-radin• Their approach places the cloud in the service of investigatory biology with a customized
software – trademarked DUMAo This software can roman unbiased through billions of data points associated witha specific disease indication to tease out trends and abnormalities and render
likely drug candidates and predictive assessmentso It does this at a rate 175000 times faster than conventional screening methods• It adds more certainty to early-stage markers, which helps de-risk the odds for failures inlater stages of development