Abstract

CAPITALIZATION OF ENERGYRESOURCES IN TERRITORIALASPECT

VALORIFICAREARESURSELORENERGETICE ÎN PROFILTERITORIAL
Petrică Sorin ANGHELUȚĂ
PhD Student, Faculty of Agri-Food and Environmental
Economics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies
E-mail: sorin.angheluta@gmail.com

Carmen Georgiana BADEAPhD Student, Faculty of Agri-Food and Environmental
Economics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Abstract

An efficient exploitation of natural resources may leadto the establishment of a country's energy
independence. In this sense, the article shows thestatus of primary energy resources, for the period
2000-2013, in Romania.
Emissions of greenhouse gases produce climatechange. One of the ways to reduce gas emissions
greenhouse is given to capitalization of renewableenergy resources. Reserves of fossil fuels are notinexhaustible. For this reason, are becoming
increasingly significant actions of identifying
alternative energy resources.
Considering the situation of the energy resources, thearticle presents a situation for the production ofelectric energy by categories of electrical centrals. Fora good use, durable, of the natural resources, and forrealise a sustainable development, it is need theinvolvement of all stakeholders from local andregional communities.

RezumatO exploatare eficientă a resurselor naturale poate conduce lastabilirea independenței energetice a unei țări. În acest sens,articolul prezintă starea resurselor de energie primară, pentru
perioada 2000-2013, în România.
Emisiile de gaze cu efect de seră produc schimbări climatice. Una
din modalitățile de reducere a emisiilor de gaze cu efect de serăeste dată de valorificarea resurselor regenerabile de energie.
Rezervele de combustibili fosili nu sunt inepuizabile. Din acest
motiv, sunt din ce în ce mai importante acțiunile de identificare aresurselor alternative de energie.
Având în vedere situația resurselor energetice, articolul prezintăo situația referitoare la producția de energie electrică pe categoriide centrale electrice. Pentru o bună utilizare, durabilă, a resursele
naturale, precum și pentru a realiza o dezvoltare durabilă, este
nevoie de implicarea tuturor factorilor din comunitățile locale șiregionale.
Cuvinte cheie: resurse naturale, economie verde, România

Keywords: natural resources, green economy,

Romania

JEL CODES: O13, P48, Q42………………
Keyword…………………

Proceedings of the 11th Administration and Public
Management International Conference”Strategic Management for Local Communities”

ANGHELUȚĂ Petrică Sorin and BADEA Carmen Georgiana

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CAPITALIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN TERRITORIAL ASPECTAt the territorial level is desired balanced development by stimulating economic growth based onknowledge. It also aims to achieve environmental protection, sustainable use of natural resources andstrengthening social cohesion.
In this regard, an important financial contribution I can provide European funds. These funds can be used
for environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and prevention ofnatural hazards, expanding the use of alternative energy sources and improving energy efficiency inindustry and in the household.
Nonrenewable energy resources are on the verge of exhaustion. In the European Union it desires that,
until 2020, the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption to be 20%. The
national objective is 24% (ME, 2015). For this reason, in Romania should develop and implement a legal
framework and mechanisms for targeting EU funds in the renewable energy sense. According toEuropean commitments, Romania should like 2020 to improve its energy efficiency by 19% and reducegreenhouse gas emissions by 20% effect. Also, to meet its target, Romania will have to capitalize 63.5%of the total potential of renewable energy sources at its disposal. The European energy sector is heavily
dependent on fossil fuels. This fuel is exhausted by burning pollutes the environment and accentuates
the greenhouse effect. Therefore, to support the identification of other energy resources, the EuropeanUnion formulated a series of policies and measures for the use of renewable energy resources. In theEuropean Union for the next period seeks to put great emphasis on energy efficiency. An important
objective is on supporting the transition to an economy with low carbon consumption. Investments must
be made in the coming years is the increase of energy efficiency of housing and public buildings, the useof heating and cooling from renewable energy sources, development and implementation of integrated
strategies to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and sustainable Energy action Plans favorable for urban
areas, including public lighting systems and smart grids. The actions of thermal rehabilitation of housing
can lead to the increase of energy efficiency and increase the attractiveness of urban areas.

2. PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY
It is considered that electricity production is given by the total quantity of electricity obtained from solid,
liquid and gaseous fuels, both in thermal power plants, hydroelectric, nuclear and other energy sources.
It notes that, globally, to produce electricity, using increasingly more renewable sources. Due to thedevelopment of alternative energy sector, Romania has the ability to produce electricity "green", with low226

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1. INTRODUCTIONANGHELUȚĂ Petrică Sorin and BADEA Carmen Georgiana

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CAPITALIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN TERRITORIAL ASPECT

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greenhouse gas emissions. In this way, the EU requirements can be met relating to energy production
from renewable sources. The electricity that comes from renewable sources cannot totally replace energy
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produced by power stations using conventional materials. However, electricity produced from renewablesources can become an important pillar of the national energy system (ICEMENERG, 2015). One of theobjectives of Europe 2020 is given share of renewable energy fulfilling of all energy consumed at least
24%. Thus, based on the upward trend of Romania has the opportunity to achieve and exceed this value.
Regarding regional development, an important objective is improving the quality of the environment. Oneway of achieving this objective is given by the energy efficient use of resources. Energy resources
available today are: coal, natural gas, petroleum products and other resources. In the last ten years,electricity production nationally registered alternative differences in plus and minus over the previous year.
Thus, in the Table 1 shows the production of electricity for the period 1992-2013, in million kilowatt hours.
TABLE 1 - PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR THE PERIOD 1992-2013
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

Total
54.19555.47655.136
59.26761.35057.14853.49650.71351.93553.86654.93556.64556.48259.41362.69661.67364.95658.01660.97962.21659.04758.888Categories power plants
thermoelectrichydroelectric
power plants
power plants
42.49511.70042.70812.76842.09013.04642.573
16.69444.20915.75534.23917.50929.31018.87927.22518.29031.70114.77833.49714.92333.37616.04638.48013.25934.42116.51333.651
20.20738.70918.35537.99515.96636.52917.19630.44815.80728.80720.24334.13614.94632.60412.33727.44315.307wind power
plants359306
1.387
2.640
4.520

nuclear power
plants
1.386
5.400
5.307
5.198
5.456
5.446
5.513
4.906
5.548
5.555
5.632
7.709
11.22611.752
11.62311.747
11.466
11.618Source: conducted by the authors based on existing information on the website of the National Statistics Institute

Although it appears that annual variations in electricity production, in 2013 is about 9% higher than thatrecorded in 1992.
From the data it can be concluded that in 20 years (1992-2013) electricity production in thermoelectricpower plants has achieved almost halved. Also, the share of hydropower plants in the production ofelectricity has remained relatively constant. It is important to note that in 1996 the share of electricity
produced in nuclear power plants was only 2% and in 2013 is 20%. Wind power plants began producing227

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CAPITALIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN TERRITORIAL ASPECT

electricity in 2007. In just six years, the share of electricity produced from wind power plants increasedThus, the variation of electricity generation in wind power plants for 2007-2013 is shown in Figure 1.

FIGURE 1 - PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY IN WIND POWER PLANTS, FOR 2007-2013
Source: conducted by the authors based on existing information on the website of the National Statistics Institute

The primary energy resources include: bearers of primary energy production, importing primary energy,stocks on 1 January of primary energy carriers in establishments producing, consuming units anddistribution units. In the category of primary energy bearers production includes net coal, oil natural gas
used, firewood, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy and renewable electricity unconventional (NSI, 2015)).
With this in mind, in Table 2 are presented for the period 1992-2013, total primary energy resources andthe share of coal in these resources, expressed in thousands of tonnes of oil equivalent.

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from 0.005% (2007) to 7.67% (2013).

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CAPITALIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN TERRITORIAL ASPECT

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TABLE 2 - TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY RESOURCES AND COAL, FOR THE PERIOD 1992-2013
Categories of primary energy sourcesYear
Total energy resourcesof which: coal
1992
50.94312.171
1993
50.68310.793
1994
50.164
11.523
1995
55.941
12.172
1996
55.93612.1091997
51.275
11.397
1998
46.2059.381
1999
39.7917.511
2000
40.3608.058
2001
42.6648.977
2002
43.9929.775
2003
45.3779.912
2004
47.1379.6112005
47.2899.408
2006
47.6309.906
2007
47.46010.6162008
48.16610.1302009
42.7298.078
2010
42.4677.393
2011
42.4308.299
2012
41.7277.846
2013
39.251
6.060
Source: conducted by the authors based on existing information on the website of the National Statistics Institute

The graphical representation for total primary energy resources is shown in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2 - TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY RESOURCES, FOR THE PERIOD 1992-2013
Source: conducted by the authors based on existing information on the website of the National Statistics InstituteFrom the data presented, it appears that total primary energy resources decreased in 2013 to about 77%of the value it had in 1992.

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CAPITALIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN TERRITORIAL ASPECTIs there a high primary energy consumption in both the public sector and the private sector. This ismanifested by higher costs for businesses, the public budget, but also for the population. At the sametime, is maintained high level of carbon dioxide emissions. However, there is interest in combating climatechange by using energy with low carbon emissions and renewable energy, and promoting energy
efficiency (ELCEN, 2015).
In recent years, the share of renewables in final energy consumption volume increased. However,renewable energy is not sufficiently exploited to energy efficient public institutions or thermal power plants.
The share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy (EUROSTAT, 2015),
for Romania and the European Union for the period 2004-2013 is shown in Figure 3.

FIGURE 3 - THE SHARE OF ENERGY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES IN GROSS FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY, FOR
ROMANIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION, FOR THE PERIOD 2004-2013
Source: conducted by the authors based on existing information on the website of the EUROSTAT

It is important to note that the EU proposed target is 20% and for Romania is 24%. From the graph, itappears that Romania has reached the programmed target. Both European policies and national policies
recommended to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
Under these circumstances, it increased both the level of investment and the number of projects for
producing energy from renewable sources. Energy resources available to Romania are diverse, but small
quantity. They consist of both fossil and mineral primary resources (oil, natural gas, coal and uranium)
and renewable resources. The business environment from a community contributes to the success of thelocal economy and the sustainable development of that community. Thus, if the business environment is230

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3. RENEWABLE RESOURCESANGHELUȚĂ Petrică Sorin and BADEA Carmen Georgiana

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performing, whose investment to increase energy efficiency, both in production activities and for activities
represented by the services sector, these investments can be a key element for increasing economic
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performance. At EU level was decided to create until 2020 cogeneration of electricity and heat for that
use the waste. The cogeneration plants should take for about 40% of the waste burning a community.
Given the speed with which technology advances are necessary programs to inform and awareness ofcommunity members on the need for energy efficiency and use of renewable resources(TRANSELECTRICA, 2015). Another important aspect of efficient public lighting is given based on theuse of renewable resources. Are necessary studies in order to increase energy efficiency at localcommunities and regional communities. Also, investments are needed on efficient energy consumptionof public institutions.
Another important source of renewable energy is provided by solar radiation. To capture it using
photovoltaic and thermal solar collectors.

CONCLUSIONSFrom the above data, we find that Romania has significant natural resources, including energy resources.
At the territorial level, depending on relief, we estimate that for renewable energy resources we haveopportunities for the capitalization. However, climate change and rational exploitation of natural resources
may adversely affect the ability to exploit energy resources. For an efficiency the energetic buildings, isnecessary to investment through the implementation of systems using renewable energies. Also,investments can be made so that there is the possibility of producing electricity and heat, in both biomassand biogas power plants and in geothermal plants. Another possibility for the use of renewable resources
is given the extension of intelligent lighting systems in the street, respectively road transport.
REFERENCES
Compania Națională de Transport al Energiei Electrice "TRANSELECTRICA" S.A. (2015). Raport anual aladministratorilor. Retrieved September 25, 2015 from: www.transelectrica.ro/Electrocentrale Bucureşti S.A. (ELCEN) (2015). Responsabilitatea Socială Corporatistă. Retrieved September
27, 2015 from: www.elcen.ro/
EUROSTAT (2015). Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption. Retrieved September 30,
2015 from: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
Institutul Naţional de Cercetare - Dezvoltare pentru Energie ICEMENERG (2015). Evaluarea potențialuluinațional de cercetare științifică în domeniul energetic. Retrieved September 26, 2015 from:www.icemenerg.ro/
Ministerul Economiei, Comertului si Turismului (2015). Planul Naţional de Acţiune în Domeniul Energiei din
Surse Regenerabile. Retrieved September 28, 2015 from: www.minind.ro/
The National Statistics Institute (2015). Primary energy resources by origin and categories. Retrieved
September 24, 2015 from: www.insse.ro231