List of Dissertation Abstract(Department of Natural Environment)

NameSupervisor

Title

Abstract

OTSUKA Koki

NAKAMORI

Effects of twigs and green leaves

Twigs and green leaves that fall from trees can affect theTaizo

on the decomposition of deaddecomposition of dead leaves on the forest floor.

leaves on the forest floor

In this study did litter bag experiment and analyzed litter
mass remaining, nitrogen, soil mesofauna abundance,
microbial quantity, and microbial composition when mixed
and not mixed with dead leaves, twigs, and green leaves.
Twigs accelerated decomposition of dead leaves however,there were no significant difference in the other indicators.
Green leaves accelerated decomposition of dead leaves
and increased nitrogen, soil mesofauna, and microbialabundance, and changed the microbial composition. This
study showed clues to the effects of twigs and green
leaves on the decomposition system.

OHASHI Yuto

KOIKE Fumito Urbanization and Flight Initiation

Birds have an avian fauna peculiar to the city. The purpose

Distance of birdsof this study is to elucidate whether the escape initiation
distance influences the formation of avian fauna. The
method used was FID (Flight initiation distance). The
survey was conducted in Shizuoka City and Yokohama Cityin June-September 2019 and May-August 2020. From theresults of this study, it was found that the escape starting
distance may explain the bird community in the city park tosome extent. However, in the future, research including
eating habits and risk avoidance will be necessary.

KUSANO Yuka

NAKAMORI
Taizo

Seasonal changes in theAsellariales live in the digestive tracts of arthropods. The(Asellariales: Asellariaceae) inhas not been fully elucidated, and how and when it

infection rate of Asellaria ligiae

Ligia exotica (Isopoda: Ligiidae)

life history of Asellariales, including its seasonal changes
spreads infection and maintains its saprophytic
relationship in the host gut, which is renewed after eachmolt, remains a mystery. The aim of this study was todetermine the seasonal variation in the infection rate ofAsellaria ligiae in lacewings. The results of this study

showed that the infection rate was higher from July to
September and lower in winter.

TAKAI Fuki

WANI Ryoji

Ontogenetic trajectories of"Ammonoids, a group of the extinct cephalopods, appeared

septal spacing of the Cretaceousin the Devonian and are known to diversify more thandesmoceratid ammonoids:

10,000 species until extinction at the end of theimplications for their life history

Cretaceous.
Ammonoids had a variety of ornament and shellmorphology and had septate shells that served as
buoyancy devices. The analyses of ontogenetic trajectories
of septal spacing enable us to recognize the system ofchamber formation throughout the animal’s ontogeny.
In this study examined the ontogenetic trajectories of
septal spacing of Desmoceratoidea, which is one of theammonoids."

NISHIMURA

SASAKI

Biodiversity effects across

I investigate biodiversity effects of seed productivity which

Issei

Takehiro

multitrophic levels in naturalreflects pollination ecosystem function related tograsslands

reproduction of many flowering plant species and reveal
how biodiversity improves pollination ecosystem function.
As a result, complementarity effect and negative selection
effect is increasing with insect-pollinated plants species
richness.
Complementarity effect increases when competition
among both plants and pollinators are decreased, andincreases community seed productivity.

HARA Yuta

MATSUDA

Examining effective catch

Hiroyukimanagement rules for fluctuating in reproduction efficiency from 1988 and continued
sardine stocks

Sardine stocks peaked in the 1980s, but due to the decline
overfishing, the stocks of sardines have declined sharply.
Therefore, we examined what kind of catch was suitable in
the past with various catch coefficients. As a result, it wassuggested that it is appropriate to manage the catch byconsidering the change in the recruitment amount inaddition to the change in the stock amount.

BABA Akiko

OGATA

Attempt to construct pre- / pro-human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) is a test

Shinichihapten evaluation system using

adopted in the OECD test guidelines as an in vitro skinmodified h-CLAT

sensitization test. The accuracy of this method is highwhen it is compared with animal experiments. However,there is a substance that cannot be accurately evaluated inthis method. In our laboratory, we have found that it ispossible to accurately evaluate substances that have been
falsely negatively evaluated in conventional h-CLAT andsubstances that have been regarded as application limits
using h-CLAT(modified h-CLAT) based on short-termhigh-concentration exposure.
In order to accurately evaluate pre-/pro-hapten using
modified h-CLAT, we tried to construct an evaluation
system incorporating metabolic systems.

MAKISHIMASASAKI

Predicting diversity changes in

Habitat loss would often induce local extinction. In thisDaichi

Takehiromoorland ecosystems based on

study, we simulated moorland plant communities

spatial patterns in species

considering species distribution and area reduction

distributions and area

patterns to clarify the possibility of local extinction in thecontraction of moorlands

future. The results showed that there were differences in
the pattern of species loss with area loss amongmoorlands. In addition, there were also differences in the
response of each species to species loss due to area
reduction, and this study provides important insights into
future changes in diversity associated with landscapechange.

YOSHITAKE

SASAKI

Snow melt timing is related toHabitat loss would often induce local extinction. In thisYutaroTakehiro

plant species composition andstudy, we simulated moorland plant communities

diversity in alpine moorland

considering species distribution and area reduction
patterns to clarify the possibility of local extinction in thefuture. The results showed that there were differences in
the pattern of species loss with area loss amongmoorlands. In addition, there were also differences in the
response of each species to species loss due to area
reduction, and this study provides important insights into
future changes in diversity associated with landscapechange.

SUN Xi

SASAKI

Plant functional rarity across

Rarity is critical to biodiversity conservation. However,Takehirodifferent land use types in thefunctional rarity is still ignored in current conservation

megacity of Tokyostrategies. Urban ecosystems have different land use types
which play a significant role as refuges for species. Theseland use types have the potential to conserve rare species.
Here, we investigated the distribution of plant functionalrarity across different land use types in the megacity ofTokyo at the local scale and regional scale, respectively.