No. 36
ISSN 2423- 8430

C ASSOC
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Information Bulletin of

The Union of National
Economic Associationsin Japan

日本経済学会連合

2016

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Correspondence to be addressed:
Secretariat of the Union of National Economic Associations in Japan,
c/o International Business Institute Co., Ltd.
Tsukasa Building 3rd. F. , 518
Waseda Tsurumaki-cho,Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 162-0041, Japane-mail: rengo@ibi-japan.co.jp

COPYRIGHT 2016 BY THE UNION OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS IN JAPANINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS INSTITUTE, CO., LTD. Tel. +81-3- 5273-0473
ISSN 2423-8430

Editorial Committee
Managing Editor

Yoshihiro ITO, Waseda University
Toshiyasu KITO, Nihon University
Shin GOTO, Kanagawa University
Kazuo KIKUCHI, Meiji University
Akiyoshi ARAKAWA, Rikkyo University
Takau YONEYAMA, Hitotsubashi University
Saburo OTA, Chiba University of Commerce
Kazuhiko YAGO, Waseda University
Yoko NISHIOKA, Komazawa University
Katsuyuki KAMEI, Kansai University
Nobuo WATANABE, Josai International University

Directors of the Union
President

Kenichi ENATSU, Waseda University
Fumihiko HIRUMA, Waseda University
Tetsuji OKAZAKI, University of Tokyo
Koji ISHIUCHI, Japan University of Economics
Kappei HIDAKA, Chuo University
Mitsuhiko TSURUTA, Chuo University
Yasuhiro OGURA, Toyo University
Katsuaki ONISHI, Senshu University
Yoshiaki TAKAHASHI, Chuo University
Takahide KOSAKA, Nihon University

Secretary General
Masataka OTA, Waseda University
AuditorHaruhito TAKEDA, University of Tokyo
Hideki YOSHIOKA, Takasaki University of Commerce
Emeritus
Osamu NISHIZAWA, Waseda University
Toshio KIKUCHI, Nihon University

THE UNION OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS IN JAPAN
日本経済学会連合
The Union of National Economic Associations in Japan, established in 1950, celebrated its
60th anniversary in 2010, as the sole nationwide federation of associations of scholars andexperts on economics, commerce, and business administration. In order to obtain membershipan association is subject to an examination of its academic work. As of 2016, the Union had amembership of 64 associations, as listed on pp. 89-111.
The aims and objectives of the Union are to support the scholarly activities of its member
associations and to promote academic exchanges both among members themselves, andbetween Japanese and academic societies overseas. The main activities of the Union are: (1) the
publication and distribution of academic material concerning Japanese economics and papers
presented by member scholars, (2) the sending of members to overseas conferences, (3) the
holding and supporting of international conferences in Japan, (4) providing financial assistanceto member associations who invite foreign scholars to Japan, and (5) collecting information on
activities of member associations and the issuing of a news bulletin.
The Union published in 1974 Keizaigaku No Doko (The Trend in Japanese Economics),
based on a survey of economic studies undertaken in postwar Japan. A supplementary volume
covering Japanese economic studies after 1974 was published in 1982.
The Union and the International Economic Association (IEA) jointly held the Fifth World
Congress of the IEA in Tokyo from August 29 to September 3, 1978. The Union joined theInternational Institute of Public Finance in holding the Institute’s 37th Congress at Tokyo in
September 1981. The Union dispatched 20 member scholars to the Eighth World Congress of
IEA held in India in 1986. Most recently the Union successfully sponsored the IEA Tokyo
Round Table Conference on “Institutions in a New Dynamic Society” held between 15 and 17
September 1987, and hosted the 1996 IEA Tokyo Round Table Conference between 16 and 19
December, on the theme “The Institutional Foundation of Economic Development in East Asia.”
To celebrate its fiftieth anniversary, the Union held a special lecture meeting on May 25, 2000.
Three lecturers were invited to speak on the theme, “The reforms that the 21st Century willbring to the world economy, the Japanese economy, and Japanese management.”
To commemorate the 60th anniversary of this Association, a special lecture program washeld at the Waseda University Okuma Auditorium on October 12, 2010. Three lecturers wereinvited, each of whom spoke from his own perspective on how Japan’s economy and Japanesebusiness, in the midst of this once-in-a-century global recession, should solve their present
plight and forge new routes for the future.
The Union celebrated in 1980 the 30th anniversary of its founding by launching a varietyof activities, including the publication of The Information Bulletin. Vice-President and Professor
Paul Snowden of Kyorin University acts as editorial adviser.
Address :Secretariat of the Union, c/o International Business Institute Co., Ltd.
Tsukasa Building 3rd. F. , 518 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 162-0041, Japan

CONTENTS

Page…………………………………………………1

ACCOUNTING ASSOCIATION, THE JAPANAPPLIED MANAGEMENT, JAPAN SOCIETY FOR……………………………………………8…………………………………………………13

BUSINESS HISTORY SOCIETY OF JAPAN……………………………………23

CONSUMPTION ECONOMY, JAPAN ACADEMY FOREVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS, JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR (JAFEE)

HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS, THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF (JSHE)MANAGEMENT, THE JAPAN ACADEMY OF……………………………38………………………………………………43

POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC HISTORY SOCIETY, THE

PUBLIC UTILITY ECONOMICS, THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF

RISK MANAGEMENT SOCIETY, JAPAN…………………31……………………49………………………………61……………………………………………………66

URBAN MANAGEMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, NIPPON……………………………………………………83

LIST OF MEMBER ASSOCIATIONS…………………………………………………………89

NEW MEMBERSHIP 2016
MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES, ACADEMY OF
TRANSCULTURAL MANAGEMENT SOCIETY………………………………………110…………………………………………111

THE JAPAN ACCOUNTING ASSOCIATION
1. General Description of the Association
The Japan Accounting Association (JAA; Nihon Kaikei Kenkyu Gakkai) wasestablished in 1937, ramifying from The Japan Society of Accounting (Nihon Kaikei
Gakkai).
The Japan Society of Accounting was established in 1917. This Society was the
only national organization relating to the science of accounting in our country with themembership consisting of college and university professors of accounting and those
who were engaged in public or private accounting. However, as it was thought
necessary to organize a purely academic association composed mainly of college anduniversity professors of accounting, at the proportion of a certain number of themembers belonging to the Society, who were interested in such matter, this Association
was established, modeled on the organization of the American Association of
University Instructors in Accounting.
Ever since its foundation in 1937, JAA has played an active part in contributing
much to the development of the science of accounting in our country. Recently the
Annual Conference of the Association is held about September in the Kanto and Kansai
Regions every year by turns, one of the prominent universities in the district acting as
host, and Regional Meetings are held in six districts in every fall of the year, for the
purpose of presenting papers on the research works conducted by the members or
discussing various problems relating to accounting. Most recently the 74th Annual
Conference was held at Kobe University for three days from September 6th to 8th,2015.
The total number of the members of the Association as of March 31, 2016, is
1,863.
2. Annual Conferences
The Annual Conference is the biggest event of JAA. The conference usually takes
three days and consists of round table discussions and free-theme sessions. The unified
main theme and the host institutions where annual conferences have been held since2011 are as follows:(1) The 70th Annual Conference
The 70th Annual Conference (2011) of JAA hosted by Kurume University washeld from September 17th to 19th. The main theme of this year’s conference was1Change and Future of Accounting Standards.
On the first day (September 17th), we had presentations by two Special
Committees, one Subject Research Committee and two Study Groups after theCouncil and General Assembly of Membership. Then a welcome reception was heldat Suikoen Hotel in Kurume city.
On the second day (September 18th), we had 58 presentations about various
topics in concurrent sessions and three plenary sessions based on the financial
accounting, the management accounting and the auditing respectively. We also hadsome presentations by Korean and Taiwanese researchers in an international session.
Furthermore, commemorative lectures by three leaders from each accounting area were
held. They were open to the public. The lecturers were Kazuo HIRAMATSU who is thepresident of JAA, Michiharu SAKURAI who is the past president of the Japan Cost
Accounting Association and Yoshimasa TOMOSUGI who is the president of the Japan
Auditing Association.
On the third day (September 19th), there were heated discussions in the threeplenary sessions after 46 presentations in the concurrent sessions. We also had an
International Symposium about IFRS adoption in Korea, Taiwan and Japan. The
debaters were Jongsoo HAN from the Korean Accounting Association (KAA), Fujing
SHIUE from the Taiwan Accounting Association (TAA) and Kazuo HIRAMATSU from
JAA.
Over 800 members attended this year’s conference. There were plenty of
meaningful discussions during the period.
(2) The 71st Annual Conference
The 71st Annual Conference (2012) of JAA was held at Hitotsubashi University
from August 30th to September 1st. The main theme of the conference was Identity andContribution of Accounting Research.
The host university had previously hosted the Annual Conference of JAA about
20 years ago, when the theme was “Retrospect and Prospect of Accounting Research.”
The circumstances have changed dramatically around the academic approach toaccounting since that valuable conference. We could summarize those changes into two
trends; being cross-disciplinary and being diverse. We can interpret that these trends
have asked some questions about our identity and contributions to the academies andpractices.
Thus we set the theme of the conference “Identity and Contribution of
Accounting Research” and integrated financial accounting, management accounting,2and auditing plenary sessions into one plenary session. The program of the conference
was developed under that concept.
On the first day (August 30th), the results of their research were presented by two
Special Committees, a Subject Research Committee, and three Study Groups after theCouncil and General Assembly of the JAA. Then Professor Baruch LEV of New York
University presented his research “Accounting Research Makes Si gnificant
Contributions to Investors, Managers, Accountants, and Public Policymakers: The
Record and Future Directions.” We held a welcome reception at Tachikawa Palace
Hotel afterwards.
On the second day (August 31st), we had 47 presentations from researchers andPh.D. students in Japan in concurrent sessions and four presentations from Korean andTaiwanese researchers in an international session. In addition, we held the plenary
session, combining financial accounting, management accounting and auditing topics.
Six presentations were held in the morning and discussion was held in the afternoon.
There were many participants in the session and we could discuss the issues and future
prospects of accounting studies actively and fruitfully.
On the third day (September 1st), we had 46 presentations from researchers andPh.D. students in Japan in concurrent sessions and three presentations from Japanese
researchers in an international session. We also had special sessions for integrated
reporting and the IFRS. The special session of integrated reporting was held as a panel
discussion. The moderator was Professor Chitoshi KOGA of Doshisha University andpanelists were Mr. Hajime YASUI (PwC), Mr. Youichi MORI (JICPA), and Mr. Nobuyuki
HIRATSUKA (METI). The special session on the IFRS was held in the form of speeches.
We invited two speakers, Mr. Takatsugu OUCHI, who is the director of the IASB, andProfessor Seok Woo JEONG at Korea University.
(3) The 72nd Annual Conference
The 72nd Annual Conference (2013) of the JAA was held over three days, from
September 4th to 6th. The Nagoya Tokyu Hotel hosted the first day, September 4, while
Chubu University Kasugai Campus hosted the remaining two days, September 5 and 6.
After consideration by Program Committee Chair Kazuo Hiramatsu and professors on
the program committee, the main theme of the conference was set as Seeking for
Accounting Innovation.
This was the first time in 42 years, since the 30th Annual Conference convened at
Nagoya University in 1971, that the Annual Conference had been held in this region.
This is because we thought it is necessary, in the current period of global economic and3social upheaval, to return to the basics of accounting and create accounting that
conforms to a new era. We established three venues with Plenary sessions based on thistheme. At these venues, we looked deeper into the study of accountancy as a social
science while probing innovation from various viewpoints, such as globalization,
diversification, and interdisciplinary aspects with a frank exchange of opinions.
Following the Council and General Assembly of Membership on the first day ofthe conference (September 4th), there were presentations of the Subject ResearchCommittee Report (Report 1) and of the Special Committee Reports (Report 2),
followed by a special speech by the IAESB Chair Peter WOLNIZER. We also held awelcome reception at the Nagoya Tokyu Hotel that evening.
Beginning on the second day (September 5th) the conference was held at Chubu
University Kasugai Campus, where there were 52 presentations from researchers andPh.D. students in Japan in concurrent sessions, two presentations in the English session
and four presentations from the Korean Accounting Association (KAA) and the Taiwan
Accounting Association (TAA) in the International session. Furthermore, there were
two presentations in the Study Group Report, followed by presentations on the plenary
sessions based on the financial accounting, the management accounting and theauditing.
On the third day (September 6th), we had 51 presentations from researchers andPh.D. students in Japan in concurrent sessions and two presentations at the Chubu
Session chaired by Nobuo KAMATA with a debate by three panelists. The discussion
regarding the plenary sessions was separated into financial accounting, management
accounting and auditing. There were subsequent presentations and debates from thethree speakers at the IFRS Session moderated by Ikuo NISHIKAWA.
The content of the 72nd Annual Conference were approved by the Program
Committee. The enormous support of the members, general participants, program
members, study group leaders, and officials of the academic society resulted in a
successful conference of more than 800 attendees.
(4) The 73rd conference
The 73rd conference (2014) of JAA was held twice from September 4th to 6th
after an interval of 28 years at Yokohama National University, since the 45th
conference of JAA was held here in 1986. Yokohama National University staff,
including from professors to graduate students, deeply appreciated the chance to holdthis conference and considered it the greatest honor.
Recent accounting research has diverged into many academic fields under the4global economic environment and the speed of the research has been accelerated.
The research domains of financial accounting, management accounting and auditing
represented by the past accounting approach are becoming mutually closer, the borders
among them are becoming much more ambiguous, and innovative research in thecompound domain of accounting is reported these days. In addition, a lot ofcollaborative research with nearby research domains such as accounting and economics,
statistics, business administration, psychology, and information science is being carriedout, too. Research mainly on accounting involves various research domains and isapplied to global business. Besides, comprehensive accounting approaches such as casestudy, positive approach, historical study and so on, are adopted as appropriate.
According to the concept depicted above, the main theme of the 73rd conference of
JAA was determined as Accounting Research in an Era of Value Diversification, whichis covered by the terms “diversity” and “interdisciplinary” under economic
globalization.
On the first day (September 4th), the results of their research were presented by
two Special Committees and a Subject Research Committee after the Council andGeneral Assembly of the JAA. Then we held a welcome reception at Yokohama Bay
Hotel.
On the second day (September 5th), we had 58 presentations from researchers andPh.D. students in Japan in concurrent sessions and four presentations from Korean,
Taiwanese and U.S.A. researchers in an international session. In addition, we held two
presentations in the Study Group Report, followed by presentations on the plenary
sessions based on financial accounting, management accounting, integrated reporting,auditing and the tax accounting.
On the third day (September 6th), discussions on the Plenary sessions were held
after 51 presentations from researchers and Ph.D. students in Japan in concurrent
sessions. We also had special sessions of the IFRS. This session was held as a panel
discussion.
(5) The 74th conference 2015
The 74th conference of JAA (2015) was held from September 6th to 8th at Kobe
University after an interval of 34 years since the 40th conference of this association washeld here in 1986. All staff of Kobe University, including from professors to graduate
students, truly were grateful the chance to hold this conference and regarded it is a greathonor.
The environment concerning the accounting research has changed remarkably
5compared with those days of 34 years ago. It seems that accounting research hasreceived a big impact in particular from such factors as globalization of research
insights, which corresponds to internationalization of business management, advancesin communication and use of financial information fostered by evolution of information
processing technology, and development of research methodologies premised on theseenvironmental changes. Accounting researchers wrestle daringly with new researchtasks emerging one after another, as well as the traditional research topics in dispute
which have been argued from the old days. Much of our effort has been put in to aiming
at the height of logic and the depth of argument.
It should be unquestionable that originality is an indispensable characteristic
which must be respected most in such creative activities. Therefore, every researcher ischarged with the role of cutting and holding a frontier by adding some originalcontribution to the preceding studies in everyone’s specialized research area. According
to the concept depicted above, the main theme of the 74th conference of Japan
Accounting Association was determined as Frontiers of Accounting Research. We hopedthat many challenges would be performed at the frontier of our studies, and thisconference provided productive opportunities leading to the development and evolutionof accounting research.
On the first day (September 6th), the results of their research were presented by
two Special Committees. Then Professor Stephen H. PENMAN of Columbia University
presented his research, “Accounting Research; Present and Future.” Then we held awelcome reception at Kobe Portopia Hotel.
On the second day (September 7th), we had 54 presentations from researchers andPh.D. students in Japan in concurrent sessions and four presentations from Korean andTaiwanese, Hong Kong and U.S.A. researchers in an international session. Furthermore,
we held presentations of two study group reports and plenary sessions based on
financial accounting, management accounting and auditing.
On the third day (September 8th), discussions on the plenary sessions were held
after 49 presentations from researchers and Ph.D. students and two presentations by
Japanese scholars in an international session. We also had special sessions of the IFRS.
(6) The 75th Annual national conference
The 75th Annual conference (2016) will be held from September 12th to 14th at
Shizuoka Convention Arts Center under the main theme Accounting in a Glocal Era.
3. Information in English on JAA
6

JAA has its English bulletin named Japanese Accounting Forum, which isannually released and serves the readers to better understand the basic activities of ourassociation.
Each issue contains a summary of presentations in plenary sessions, special
committees and study groups at the Annual Conference every year. It also includes thereports of regional activities of JAA during each academic year. Its PDF version has
been available on our website (http://www.jaa-net.jp/en/index_main_en.html) since
2007.
Yoshihiro ITO (Waseda University)

7

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR APPLIED MANAGEMENT
1. Brief History of the Society
The Japan Society for Applied Management (JSAM) was established on 24 June,
1967. Founders were Shigeru NOMA (Meiji University at that time, the first President),
Takatsugu NATOH (College of Economics, Nihon University, Founder chief director, thesecond president), Minoru TAKEDA (Teikyo University, third president), Shigero
MITSUMORI (Soka University, fourth president) and other antecedent leaders. Since then,
JSAM has been served by the following Presidents: Seiji MUROMOTO (Nihon University),Toshimasa YOKOZAWA (Asia University), Noboru NAKAGAKI (Chukyo University), andFumihiko HIRANO (Nihon University).
2. The Aim and Method of JSAM
The aim of JSAM is to accumulate researches and studies on practices of business
management, to make them public and examine them comparatively, and to spread theresults to the world. For this purpose, not only academics but also business persons andbusiness consultants who are eager to research facts or principles have been assembled.
In recent years JSAM has been advocating a practical approach by emphasizing
real managerial situations and harmonizing theories and practices more clearly. This isin order to make efforts to modernize management theories which are continuously
becoming outdated in the situation of globalization advancing rapidly.
3. The Academic Ethics of JSAM
JSAM has been raising its academic ethics as follows.
(1) Principal Question
Does your research contribute towards a knowledge creation offering solutions to
global human and social problems?
(2) Six Ethical Mission Statements<A> On research questions, we should be conscious of:① the public mission and public interest to contribute towards the realization of world
peace, human welfare, social development and physically and mentally wealthysociety, and② sustainable uses of cosmic and terrestrial resources, societal resources, and humanresources.

8

<B> On research approach, we should hold③ a sense of noble conviction, consciousness and justice and social responsibility
which are based on bioethics, a spirit of animal protection and respect for humanrights,④ a firm will to contribute to social justice, as well as respect towards compliance,and⑤ honest and gentle behavior, and pride and dignity.
For that, we should not forge or counterfeit study data or plagiarise others’ articles.
We should distinguish our own opinion and others’ strictly and be conscious of our
responsibility for our own opinions.
<C> Finally, on research environment,⑥ researchers should not compromise their research based on inadequate research
conditions or environment. They should always be conscious to improve theirresearch environment for smooth progress in free and vigorous research. We shouldmake efforts to improve our research environment.
4. Outline of JSAM’s activities
JSAM now carries out the following activities.
(1) The annual national academic conference
It is held at various places in Japan every year. About 50 presentations ofresearch results by society members, and a symposium under some united subject are
conducted there every year.
(2) Local Branch Academic Meetings
JSAM has eight Local Branches in the country as follows: Hokkaido (Office inthe city of Sapporo), Tohoku (in Sendai), Kanto (in Tokyo), Hokuriku (in Kanazawa),
Chubu (in Nagoya), Chubu (in Nagoya), Kansai (in Osaka), Chugoku & Shikoku (inHiroshima), and Kyushu & Okinawa (in Kurume). Each branch holds an academic
meeting once or twice a year in each place.
(3) Publishing
JSAM has now four publications as follows:◇ Annals of the Japan Society for Applied Management (Jissen Keiei)
Refereed Articles are mainly collected. In Vol. No. 46 (published 2009), 30
articles appeared. In Vol. No. 53 (published 2016), 10 articles appeared.
9◇ The Japanese Journal of Applied Management Studies
─Articles for the Annual Academic Conference of JSAM (Jissen Keieigaku
Kenkyu), 40~50 articles announced at the Annual Academic Conference of thetime are collected.
◇ Newsletter
This is an official information paper for members. It is edited and published at theSociety Headquarters twice a year.
◇ The Fruits of JSAM Series
These are 20-page leaflets written as a result of independent or collaborative
research activities within JSAM. The first was published in 2010.
(4) Awards
JSAM started its own award system in 1998 to commend members’ excellent
research achievements. It has three prizes as follows:① Grand Prix of JSAM: to commend excellent research concerning theory development
on enterprise, industry and its applied management chiefly② The NATOH Prize: chiefly to commend experimental studies and practice researches onenterprise and industry, (named after Founder chief director NATOH)③ Encouragement Prize: chiefly to promote scholarly investigations of actual conditions
in enterprises and industries
5. The united subjects raised at annual national academic conferences in the last
decade.
Sequence Year

Research themes raised at the Site

Executive

association’s assemblies

Chairman59th

2016. 9 Problems of the information
system in the practice ofmanagement

KindaiUniversity

58th

2015. 9 Surveying a new view of thepractice of management:
A footprint of development ─
history, culture, trade from
East Asia to west Asia, andcontemporary problems

Asia University NATUME
Shigemi10

TANAKA
Keiichi57th

2014. 9 Regional economy activationby the strategic collaboration
between a company,
administration, and on NPO

Hokkai-Gakuen SUGAWARA
University
Hironobu

56th

2013. 9 Real ability and businessvitality ─ flight and softlanding of the Kansai
company in the turning point

Osaka
University of
Economics

IGATA Koji

55th2012. 9 Viewing new horizons ofmanagement practice inglocalization ～ festivals andmanagement practice

KurumeUniversity

ISA Atsushi

54th

2011. 9

Tokyo Fuji
University

KOSAKA
Zenjirou

53rd

2010. 9 Management philosophy-led
corporate and human resource
management: In search ofcongruence between
humanity and rationality

Prefectural
University ofHiroshima

OBARA
Kumiko52nd

2009. 9 Regional promotion andtourism

Ishinomaki
SenshuUniversity

HARUYAMA
Toshio51st

2008. 9 Creation of regions andUniversity of

MURAKAMI

Nagasaki

Norio

Tokyo
International
University

WATANABE
Motoyuki

Demands of innovation ofmanagement systems ～ thenew horizon of management
practice at a point of highcrisisapplied management: Voicesfrom the regions
50th

2007. 9 Corporate management
during periods of reform andapplied management: Its
challenges and prospects(Office Address)
Japan Society for Applied Management (JSAM)11c/o Professor Tadao YOSHINO, Osaka University of Economics,
2-2-8, Osumi, Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-8533, Japan
E-mail: jsam.headoffice@gmail.com
http://jsam.org(Koji IGATA, Osaka University of Economics)

12

BUSINESS HISTORY SOCIETY OF JAPAN
1. Overview of activities of Business History Society of Japan
The purpose of this article is to introduce the most recent research activities andachievements of Business History Society of Japan in the five-year period 2010- 2015.
The roots of research in business history in Japan can be seen in the work of early
investigators influenced by scholarship focusing on the historical analyses ofmanagement processes in business history and entrepreneurial history from the UnitedStates.
Business History Society of Japan was founded in 1964 and since then has
produced a substantial amount of research on business history. From 1965, membershipincreased healthily from 165, to a high of 871 in 2011 and stood at 839 in 2015. With
graduate student membership at 7% of total memberships, there has been a decreasing
trend in the number of younger members, but an increasingly higher level of publicationand presentation activity among the same members. The Society holds its national
annual meeting at various universities across Japan. In addition, it has hosted monthly
branch workshops since its inception, expanding from the original Kanto and Kansai
Japan workshops in eastern and western Japan, respectively, to include additional
regional workshops in Kyushu, Chubu, Tohoku, and Hokkaido.
Beginning in 1972 with the Fuji Conference (present International Conference
on Business History), the Society has also hosted international conferences as well. At
present, the Japan and Korea Conference on Business History, Japan and France
Congress on Business History, Japan and Germany Congress on Business History, andAnglo-Japanese Conference on Business History have been held on irregular bases.
These international congresses have contributed to the accumulation of research inbusiness history from an international perspective. In 2020 the World Business History
Conference will be held at Meiji University in Tokyo.
Business History Society of Japan celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2014. Witha desire to become more international, the Society decided to offer sessions held in
English by researchers from within Japan and abroad for its 50th Annual Meeting, withEnglish sessions to be continued every other year. In addition, the Japan and Korea
Conference on Business History was held in conjunction with the 2014 Annual Meeting.
An undergraduate student session was also held.
In commemoration of its 50th anniversary, the Society published two volumes
chronicling the development of business history scholarship in Japan: An Insider’s Look13

at the Development of Business History Society of Japan (Keieishigaku no ayumi wokiku), and 50 Years of Business History in Japan (Keieishigaku no goju nen). Bothvolumes trace the developments of business history scholarship in Japan and offer thelatest standards of research in the field (for a more detailed description of the contents
of both publications, refer to section 5-2 below).
Currently, Japanese researchers of business history continue to examine themanagement behavior of entrepreneurs and enterprises from historical and international
comparative perspectives. This is done not only with regard to large enterprises, but alsowith increasing emphasis on medium and small-sized businesses, as well as on
historical consideration of the activities of Japanese businesses in terms of theirrelationships with local regions and from international perspectives.
2. Conferences(1) Annual Meetings
Business History Society has held its Annual Meeting every year since its
foundation, handling major problems and issues that researchers in business history
have concerned themselves with. They have amounted to a variety of themes ranging
from business and regional community, international society, the finance industry, themanufacturing industry, management issues in the rail industry, new directions inbusiness history, and so on. Below is an outline of these Annual Meeting plenary
themes.
Of note is the 50th Annual Meeting held in honor of the 50th anniversary of theSociety in 2015, where the 8th Japan and Korea Business History Congress was held inconjunction with the Annual Meeting and a number of sessions held in English wereconducted. The outline for this can be seen below as well.
The 47th (2011) Annual Meeting at Kyushu University, Fukuoka
Plenary theme: From Region toward the World. Organized by Munehiro MIWA, Kyushu
University
Panel discussion I: How scholars faced the great earthquake and accident at the nuclear
power generation plant. Organized by Takeo KIKKAWA, Hitotsubashi University
Panel discussion II: Following the track of Business History of Japan: facing up to its
50th anniversary. Organized by Takeshi YUZAWA, previously of Gakushuin University
Panel discussion III: The significance of and transitions in the recruitment of college
graduates at a major general trading company: comprehensive analysis of Mitsui Bussan(Mitsui Trading Co.) in prewar Japan. Organized by Yukio WAKABAYASHI, Meiji
14

University
Panel discussion IV: The holding company in Japan: Past and present. Organized by
Masahiro SHIMOTANI, Fukui Prefectural University
Individual presentations: 29
The 48th (2012) Annual Meeting at Meiji University, Tokyo
Plenary theme: Transformation of Financial Systems and Impact for Business
Management since WWII. Organized by Etsuo ABE, Meiji University
Panel discussion I: Product and Society: Synchronization of expansion and contraction.
Organized by Naoki KAWAMITSU, Doshisha University
Panel discussion II: What is needed for acceleration of preservation of economic policy
materials: the Public Records Management Act and modern economic and businesshistory materials. Organized by Konosuke ODAKA, emeritus professor of Hitotsubashi
University
Panel discussion III: Business history of harmonization in computer andtelecommunication industries: Toward concurrent comprehension in Japanese
information and communication industries. Organized by Kiyomi T AKAHASHI, Meiji
University
Panel discussion Ⅳ: Business structure and behavior in a general trading company(Sogo Shosha) in the prewar period: Focusing on Mitsubishi Corporation (Mitsubishi
Shoji). Organized by Tetsuji OKAZAKI, University of Tokyo
Individual presentations: 27
The 49th (2013) Annual Meeting at Ryukoku University, Kyoto
Plenary theme: Marketing in Manufacturers: From the Viewpoint of Business History.
Organized by Nobuhisa FUJITA, Ryukoku University
Panel discussion I: 50th anniversary of Business History of Japan commemorative
project, with regard to An Insider’s Look at the Development of Business History Societyof Japan: The foundation of the Society, internationalization, and the future. Organizedby Takeshi ABE, Osaka University
Panel discussion II: The future of foreign business history: The history of study and new
trends. Organized by Ayumu BANZAWA, Osaka University
Panel discussion III: The self-innovation of Idemitsu Kosan Co. Organized by Minoru
SHIMAMOTO, Hitotsubashi University
Individual presentations: 29

15

The 50th (2014) Annual Meeting at Bunkyo Gakuin University, Tokyo
Plenary theme: New Horizons in Business History. Organized by Nobuo KAWABE,
Bunkyo Gakuin University
Keynote Speeches: Takeo KIKKAWA, Hitotsubashi University; Harm G. SCHRÖTER, Bergen
University; Mira WILKINS, Florida International University; Young-Ryeol PARK, Yonsei
University
Discussants: Takeshi ABE, Kokugakuin University; Patrick FRIDENSON, École des Hautes
Études en Sciences Sociales; Janet HUNTER, London School of Economics
Panel discussion I (English session): Technology Transfer and Business Development inEast Asia during the Long Nineteenth Century. Organized by David SICILIA, Universityof Maryland
Panel discussion II (English session): Convergence or Divergence? : Recent Currents
and Methods in Business History Studies. Organized by Ayumu BANZAWA, Osaka
University; Takafumi KUROSAWA, Kyoto University; Minoru SHIMAMOTO, Hitotsubashi
University and Julia YONGUE, Hosei University
Panel discussion III（English session): Technology Transfer, Education and the State:
Shibusawa Eiichi’s entrepreneurial activities in the late 19th and the early 20th century.
Organized by David WITTNER, Utica College
Panel discussion IV: Beyond Anglo-American Capitalism: Shibusawa Eiichi’s Gappon
Capitalism in Future Global Perspective. Organized by Masakazu SHIMADA, Bunkyo
Gakuin University.
Panel discussion V (English session): Globalization of Industries and Regions;
Methodologies and Approaches. Organized by Pierre-Yves DONZE, Osaka University
Panel discussion VI: Research in Accounting History and Business History: Interaction
between the two. Organized by Kazuya SUZUKI, Rikkyo University.
Panel discussion VII（English session): Competition and Cooperation: The Role ofZaikai in Modern Japanese Economic Development. Organized by Peter von STEDEN,
Bristol Business School
Panel discussion VII (English session): Chinese Family Business in Transition: Case
Studies in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Organized by Ching-fang CHANG, University ofHong Kong
Panel discussion IV: M&A and the Stock Market in Prewar Japan: System Formation of
Big Business and Resource Portfolios. Organized by Hideaki MIYAJIMA, Waseda
University
Undergraduate Student Session
Individual presentations: 23 in Japanese, 12 in English
16

The 51st (2015) Annual Meeting at Osaka University, Osaka
Plenary theme: The Development of Railroad Engineering in East Asia. Organized byMinoru SAWAI, Osaka University
Panel discussion I: A conception of a “cultural resource museum” and its possibility: a
new horizon to support business history research. Organized by Masato KIMURA,
Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation
Panel discussion II: A comparative analysis of business conceptions and the leaders ofJapanese trading companies in Australia in the interwar period. Organized by Norio
AKITANI, Meiji University
Panel discussion III: The formation and development of consignment production in theJapanese automobile industry. Organized by Ken’ichiro NAKAYAMA, Sapporo University
Individual presentations: 27
At each of the Annual Meetings, between 22 and 29 individual presentations
were also made. More than half of these were talks involving research on Japanesebusiness activities in the post-war period. Approximately 40% dealt with Japanesebusiness of the Meiji, Taisho, and pre-war Showa periods. Only a small number dealt
with foreign business history. Many of the presenters were graduate students and otheryounger researchers.
(2) International conferences
Various international conferences have been promoted and undertaken in
Business History Society of Japan.
The Society’s first international conference, the Fuji Conference (present
International Conference on Business History), was held every year from 1974 to 1998
and has been held on an irregular basis since then. In addition, the Japan and Korea
Congress on Business History, Japan and France Congress on Business History, andJapan and Germany Congress on Business History have all been held on an irregularbasis. Over time, the format has shifted from invited talks to open calls for papers.
Recently there has been much cooperation between Japanese and Korean researchers
while many Japanese researchers have also participated in the Congress of the European
Business History Association (EBHA).
The 1st Joint Congress with the European Business History Association at Paris, 2012.
Theme: Business Enterprises and the Tensions between Local and Global.
17

The 31st International Conference on Business History (New Series of the Fuji
Conference) at Kyoto University, Kyoto, 2013.
Theme: The Competitive Advantage of Regions: Comparative Studies of Industries
from a Global Perspective. Organized by Takafumi KUROSAWA, Kyoto University
The 5th Japan and Korea Congress on Business History at the Korea Chamber ofCommerce and Industry, Seoul, 2011.
Theme: Entrepreneurial Thought.
The 6th Japan and Korea Congress on Business History at Fukui Prefectural University,
Fukui, 2012
Theme: Corporate Social Responsibility under Slow Growth.
The 7th Japan and Korea Congress on Business History at the Korea Chamber ofCommerce and Industry, Seoul, 2013
Theme: Financial Crisis and Deregulation in Mortgage Services in Japan.
The 8th Japan and Korea Congress on Business History at Bunkyo Gakuin University,
Tokyo, 2013
Theme: Competition and Cooperation.
The Joint Conference on Business History of Japan, Thailand and Europe at Thammasat
Business School, Bangkok, 2013.
Theme: Siam Then, Thailand Now: Creating Thai Capitalism during Two Eras of
Globalization.
There have been a variety of research themes for the international conferences
but historical research on the competitiveness of countries and regions from aninternational perspective has been especially numerous.
3. Journals issued by the society(1) Japan Business History Review (Keiei Shigaku)
Business History Society of Japan publishes the journals Japan Business History
Review (Keiei Shigaku) and Japanese Research in Business History. The first volume ofJapan Business History Review was published in 1965. By March 2016, 50 volumes had
been published.
The Japan Business History Review is published four times a year. It includes
blind, peer-reviewed research articles as well as reviews of books and Annual Meeting18

reports. A total of 43 research articles appeared in the Review in the five-year period
between Vol. 46, No. 1 (2011) and Vol. 50, No. 4 (2015). Many of these were authoredby graduate students and other younger researchers as the Review has acted as agateway forum for these business history scholars.
Articles focusing on case studies of individual companies and industrial businesshistory form the majority of research. Out of the 43 total articles, 38 deal with Japanese
entrepreneurs or companies and five deal with foreign business history. Looking at thearticles dealing with Japanese business, two-thirds focus on the prewar Showa period
and one-third on the postwar period. Recent years have seen a decrease in the number ofarticles dealing with foreign business history, but a corresponding increase in postwar
Japanese business history. A searchable index of translated titles in English of all Review
articles up to Vol. 48, No. 4 can be found at J-Stagehttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/bhsj/).
(2) Japanese Research in Business History (JRBH)
Business History Society of Japan began to publish a yearbook in English, theJapanese Yearbook on Business History, in 1984, to introduce the researchachievements of Japanese business historians to scholars overseas. It has been publishedannually since then. The book’s title was changed to Japanese Research in BusinessHistory in 2005. The latest six volumes (2010 – 2015) featured the topics listed below.
JRBH consists of feature articles, individual articles and books on Japanese businesshistory published each each year. Also, articles in JRBH can be searched on J-Stage(https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jrbh).
The last six volumes (2010 – 2015) featured the following topics.
Volume 27 (2010): Sports Business History: The Structure of Amateur and ProfessionalSports in Japan
Volume 28 (2011): A Formative History of Japanese Engineers: An International
Comparison of the Field-Oriented Approach
Volume 29 (2012): Japanese Holding Companies___

Volume 30 (2013): Japan’s General Trading Companies: Sogo Shosha
Volume 31 (2014): Japanese Department Stores
Volume 32 (2015): Commemorative Issue: 50 years of Business History Society ofJapan; The Development and Methodologies of Business History(1) “The Development of Western Business History Research in Japan; With Reference
to Simultaneity with Research in Western Countries”. (2) “The Reception of American
19

Business History in Japan: What the Japanese Academic Community Chose to Accept
and How It Responded”. (3) “An Approach to Global Business History; How theHistory of International Business Relations Has Shaped the Field”.
4. Books and Articles(1) Industrial Business History Series, 8 volumes
Accumulated research on Japanese business history has been published in three
separate volumes in Lectures on Japanese Business History (Nihon keieishi koza). The
latest volume was serially published from 2010 to 2011. It was based on the highest
level of research standards in business history of the time and has influenced subsequent
research in the field. The contents of this volume are described in the English-published
Information Bulletin No. 31 of the Union of National Economic Associations in Japan.
Between 2012 and 2015 the Japan Business History Institute serially publishedan eight-volume series on industrial business history. The contents of this are as follows.
Volume 1: Ryoichi MIWA, Mariko TATSUKI, Hajime MIWA ed., Economy of Japan
Volume 2: Tsunehiko YUI, Ryoichi MIWA, Hajime MIWA ed., Management of Japan
Volume 3: Takeshi ABE, Kyohei HIRANO, The Textile Industry
Volume 4: Eisuke DAITO, Chemical Industry I: Chemical Fertilizer
Volume 5: Eisuke DAITO, Chemical Industry II: Petrochemicals
Volume 6: Minoru SAWAI, Machine Industry
Volume 7: Takeo KIKKAWA, Energy Industry
Volume 8: Takeo KIKKAWA, Zaibatsu and Corporate groups
The planned 20-volume Industrial Business History Series (Sangyo keieishi
shiriizu) begins with two introductory edited volumes: Vol. 1 The Economy of Japan
and Vol. 2 Management of Japan. Vol. 1 describes Japan’s modern industry from its
start with its importing of foreign technology through its dramatic changes to its present
form. Vol. 2 is a general survey of Japanese business history and current conditions. It
describes how Japanese companies today are faced with a greatly changed businessenvironment and have undergone significant changes in their management as a result of
globalization.
Vol. 3, The Textile Industry through Vol. 8, Zaibatsu and Corporate Groups
describe the rise and decline of various individual industries, dealing comprehensively
with how they led Japan’s industrialization, important developments in Japanese
20manufacturing, exporting, employment, and each industry’s unique features in how they
are responding to today’s extreme challenges of globalization.
(2) Commemorative Publication
In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the founding of Business History
Society of Japan, An Insider’s Look at the Development of Business History Society ofJapan (Keieishigaku no ayumi wo kiku), and 50 Years of Business History in Japan(Keieishigaku no goju nen) were both published.
An Insider’s Look at the Development of Business History Society of Japan is acompilation of interviews with 13 leading researcher-members of the Society’s 50-year
history and includes their reflections on their own activities as well as their proposals
for the field of business history. Backed by many years of experience, their words serve
to guide the future research of those currently studying business history in Japan.
50 Years of Business History in Japan raises current central topics and issues inbusiness history, indicating scholarly consensus and recommendations for future
research. It is divided into four sections.
Section 1 deals with issues and methodology in business history, business studies,and entrepreneurial studies. Section 2 looks at Japanese business history from theperspective of types of organization and functions. Section 3 deals with the relationshipbetween business history and industrial history while examining the field from theperspective of 13 different industries. Section 4 looks at business history in 10 foreigncountries and regions such as the United States, Western Europe, Eastern Europe,
Russia and Asia. Together, the four sections provide a clear picture of business history
over the previous 50 years.
(3) Annual Award
In 1996, in order to nurture young research talent and increase membership
activity through article submissions, the Society instituted an annual research award
system that recognizes outstanding papers and their authors. The following is a list ofaward-winning authors and paper titles for the last five years.
2011 Tsutomu HIRAYAMA, “Reorganization of production systems in the metal
mold manufacture in the first half of the high-growth era”, Business History Review, Vol.
45, No. 1.
Kyohei HIRANO, “Technology Development and the Creation of an Optimum Market forJapanese Firms during War and the Revival Period: the Case of the Industrialization of21

Vinylon by Kuraray”, Business History Review, Vol. 45, No. 4.
2012 Toshihiko KOBA, “Port cargo handling in the Chikuho coal mining industry
during the Interwar Period: Mechanization of coal loading and reorganization of the port
cargo handling industry”, Business History Review, Vol. 46, No. 4.
Fu CHO, “The Growth of the Furniture Industry during the Postwar High-growth Period
in Bingo Fuchu”, Business History Review, Vol. 46, No. 4.
2013 Kiyotaka MAEDA, “Raw Materials Procurement by the Food Manufacturing
Industry during the Meiji and Taisho Eras: A Case Study of the Soy Sauce Brewery Run
by the Takanashi Family in Noda Town”, Business History Review, Vol. 47, No. 2.
2014 Not Applicable.
2015 Hideto MATSUBARA, “Decline in Satsuma mandarin consumption andgrowth of the Mikkabi brand”, Business History Review, Vol. 49, No. 3.
5. Summary
We conclude with a summary of Business History Society of Japan researchachievements in our most recent years.
Looking at the research of the last five years we see varied topics in the field of
business history such as reconsiderations of methods, industrial business history,
management formation and processes of development and so on. Looking at articles
appearing in Japan Business History Review and presentations at the Annual Meeting,
we see a trend in research focusing on Japan’s postwar period along with international
comparisons from a Japanese perspective. In contrast, there has been a decline inresearch on foreign business history.
One large development in the Society has been the concerted effort tointernationalize its activities. This includes the decision to sponsor English sessions
every other year at its annual meeting and continued holding of a series of international
conferences. The Society will take the central role of planning for the 2020 World
Business History Conference to be held in Tokyo.
In closing, with its 50-year anniversary and its accumulated successes to stand on,
the Society has begun a variety of activities in building for its future and next
generation.
(Nobuhisa FUJITA, Ryukoku University)

22

JAPAN ACADEMY FOR CONSUMPTION ECONOMY
1. Historical Background and the Establishment of JACE
The Japan Academy for Consumption Economy (JACE) was established in
December 1976. The history of JACE can date back to 1974, when it had carried out its
activities under the name of the Consumer Issues Society (CIS). From September 21,
1974 to July 30, 1976, CIS held 10 research presentation conferences. The principal
subjects were related with consumer issues and consumption economy.
The establishment of CIS is due to the historical background in the 1960s-1970s.
During those years, movements to consumer protection attracted growing attention in
the United States and Japan. Those consumer movements advocated for the rights ofconsumers, and emphasized that consumers’ quality of lives should be considered fromthe perspective of consumers besides the perspective of government and industry.
Giving priority to economic growth both in the United States and Japan had made itdifficult to reflect the views of consumers and their rights. However, along witheconomic growth, numbers of problems occurred due to the asymmetry of information
between consumers and companies. As a result, the importance of consumption
economy achieved growing recognition and it also attracted interest from academics.
In 1976, CIS was re-launched as JACE, and a first national conference was heldat Takushoku University on December 17-18. Three researches were presented under
the uniform topic of Issues of Consumption Economy ─ Directions and Developments
along with 12 researches presented under freely-selected topics. For JACE in 1976, theAcademy was needed to adopt an interdisciplinary approach to understand consumer
issues and consumption economy effectively; therefore, it consisted of members from awide variety of disciplines such as economics, domestic science, sociology, law, finance,
management, accounting, marketing, and distribution.
2. Members, Activities and the general rules of JACE
At the end of November 2015, JACE consisted of 275 individual members andtwo corporate members and has six local subcommittees: Hokkaido/Tohoku, Kanto,
Chubu, Kansai, Chugoku/Shikoku, and Kyushu. Most individual members are
academicians at universities and junior colleges.
The activities of the Academy are conducted under the leadership of the
Chairman, Takamichi INOUE (Meiji University), 31 board directors, and two auditors.
The general rules of the Academy are as follows.
Article 1: The Academy should be referred to as the Japan Academy for23Consumption Economy (JACE).
Article 2: The Academy aims to unite researchers from widely different fields toengage in interdisciplinary exchanges and to contribute to raising the level of researchconcerning the quality of consumption economy and issues involving consumption andconsumers in general.
Article 3: In principle, the Academy should place the Secretariat in the local
subcommittees under the Chairman.
Article 4: The Academy can establish subcommittees in necessary areas. The
establishment and abolition of subcommittees should be initiated by the members of therelevant area and be subject to the approval of the general meeting of members.
Article 5: The Academy should conduct the following activities in order to achieve
the purposes of Article 2.
(1) Holding research conventions and workshops.
(2) Communicating and exchanging information concerning members’ research andorganizing joint research.
(3) Publishing academic journals and other publications.
(4) Conducting research and preparing materials concerning consumption economy
and consumer issues.
(5) Communicating and exchanging information as well as materials with related
academies in Japan and overseas.
(6) Selecting recipients of academic awards (to be examined and selected inaccordance with academic award regulations enacted separately).
(7) Conducting other activities to achieve the purposes of the Academy.
3. Topics and venues of annual research conventions in the past five years
2011: A Society of Disparity and Consumer Issues (Nihon University)
2012: Consumption Economy in Participatory Society (Kindai University)
2013: Changes in Economic Conditions and Consumption Economic Problems (Chuo
Gakuin University)
2014: Abenomics and Consumer Economy (University of Nagasaki)
2015: Reconstruction of Economics of Consumption from the Point of Service (Meiji
University)
4. Shift in focus over the past four years
Through an analysis of trends in reports and subjects of papers in the Academy
over the past four years (from 2012 to 2015), the following developments are revealed.
24

Subjects are primarily concerned with consumption economy, consumer issues,environmental problems, medical care, law, banking, marketing, retailing anddistribution of agricultural products. Recently, as the service economy is evolving, oneof the emerging research trends is service research, especially research on
Service-Dominant Logic in marketing increases. As a result, JACE emphasizes qualityof life, value co-creation, value in use, and the customer as co-producer. As well,environmental problems and aging society attract attention of many researchers in the
Academy.
The following is a list of the titles of academic papers which were published in
Economy of Consumption Research.
5. Topics of recent academic papers*Title of papers are as published in Economy of Consumption Research.
(1) Consumption economy
Kisaburo SEKIYA (Nihon University), “Problems of Social Disparity as seen throughEconomic Activities”, 2012.
Kisaburo SEKIYA (Nihon University), “Form of Employment and Consumer Demand ─
Women in the Labor Market and their Behavior as Consumers ─” , 2013.
Kisaburo SEKIYA (Nihon University), “Consumption and Market Economy”, 2014.
Yuji KAWAGUCHI (Institute of Transportation Economics), “The Impact of Changes in
Economic Structures was given to Consumption Expenditure of Household”, 2014.
Atsushi KOIDE (theta kenkyushitsu), “Economic Effects and Consumer of IT
Infrastructure Services”, 2014.
Yuji KAWAGUCHI (Institute of Transportation Economics), “Impact on Consumption
Expenditure of Households in the Introduction of the Reduced Tax Rate”, 2015.
Joseph Chiaosen CHANG (Nihon University), “Economic Integration and Income
Distribution: China-Taiwan Context”, 2015.
(2) Consumer issues
Satoru WATANABE (Fukushima College School), “Research in Consumer Social
Responsibility and ‘Consumer Citizenship’”, 2013.
Megumi UCHIYA (Chuo Gakuin University), “Consumer Right to Cancel and the
Operator’s Obligation to Provide Information”, 2013.
(3) Environmental problems
Takashi MIYAZAKI (Hitachi Technology Upper Secondary Specialized Training School),25

“The Prospects of the Electricity Consumption: Distributed Generation and Module
Type Electricity Consumption”, 2012.
Kazushige NAKATO (Daito Bunka University), “A Study of Japan's Kyoto Protocol
Target Achievement Possibility”, 2013.
Takashi MIYAZAKI (Hitachi Technology Upper Secondary Specialized Training School),“A Community and Environmental Administration of the Decentralization era”, 2013.
Yuko FUJITANI (Nihon University), “Building of the Sustainable Society and Smart
Community”, 2013.
Takashi MIYAZAKI (Hitachi Technology Upper Secondary Specialized Training School),“Growth of the Reuse Market and the Change of Consumption”, 2014.
Yuko FUJITANI (Nihon University), “Utilization of Renewable Energy and Smart
Community”, 2014.
Takashi MIYAZAKI (Hitachi Technology Upper Secondary Specialized Training School),“Unsolved Electric Power Problem: A Study of the Local administration
Corresponding Power Supply and Demand in Case of Parallel off”, 2015.
(4) Medical care
Muneyoshi YASUDA (Hirosaki University), “Study on Pursue of Customer Satisfaction ofDrug Distribution Industry in Regional Medical Care”, 2012.
Muneyoshi YASUDA (Hirosaki University), “Study on Improvement in the Quality ofRegional Medical Care and Health Marketing”, 2013.
Yukihiro HAMAMOTO (Aichi Gakusen University), “The Medical Environment and theSatisfaction of the Medical Consumer”, 2014.
Yoshikai NODA (Hiroshima University), “Relation between a Patient and a Medical
Institution in a Medical Service ─ About the Evaluation to the Hospital which sees toa Hypertension Patient ─”, 2014.
Muneyoshi YASUDA (Hirosaki University), “To Raise the General Quality of Medical
Services and Drug Distribution Systems”, 2014.
Atsuhumi MATSUI (Otemon Gakuin University), “Subjects and Approaches of
Health-Care Marketing”, 2014.
Muneyoshi YASUDA (Hirosaki University), “Total Studies for Improvement of Qualities
of Health Care Services and Medical Drug Distribution”, 2015.
(5) Law
Hirohiko FUKUSHIMA (Consumer Affairs Agency), “Agenda of Consumer Affairs
Administration”, 2012.
26

Toshie MOCHIZUKI (Chuo Gakuin University), “Problems Regarding the Review ofCorporations Law”, 2012.
Megumi UCHIYA (Chuo Gakuin University), “Issue of Consumer Contract Law ─
Focusing on Unjust Provision Regulation”, 2012.
Hisakazu YAMADA (Chuo Gakuin University), “Report on Results of Survey Undertaken
to Assess Local Governments’ Responses to Consumer Basic Act (No. 2)”, 2014.
Toshie MOCHIZUKI (Chuo Gakuin University), “Problems Regarding the Review ofCompanies Law and Corporate Governance”, 2015.
(6) Marketing
Tomihiro KATAYAMA (Nakamura Gakuen University), “Thinking about the Difference of
Phenomena in Marketing”, 2012.
Makoto SHIMIZU (National Institute of Technology, Toyama College), “A Case Study of
Cause Related Marketing in Japan”, 2012.
Tomoyuki TADENUMA (Nihon University), “The Study of the Permeation in IT
Communication and the Qualitative Changes of Marketing Management ─ by
Focusing on the Necessity of Integrated Marketing Approach for the Formation,
Maintenance and Development of Inter-relationship”, 2012.
Rie SUZUKI (Bunkyo Gakuin University), “Country of Origin Indication as Information
Contents to Consumer in a Global Economy”, 2012.
Kazuo KIKUCHI (Meiji University)/Takashi TAGUCHI (Ibaraki Christian University),“Reconstructing the Classification Framework of Tangible/Intangible Goods”, 2012.
Yoshiro FUJIOKA (Osaka Sangyo University), “Theoretical Relationship between
Consumer Culture Theory and Service Dominant Logic in Marketing Study”, 2013.
Kazuma IMAMURA (Ibaraki University), “Extension of Product Service and Value
Co-Creation with Customer ─ Acquisition of Co-Creation, and Conversion of a
Quality Concept ─”, 2013.
Akira OHYABU (Okayama University of Science), “How a Customer Co-Created Value”,
2013.
Haruo ARAHATA (Nihon University), “The Role and the Problems on Business of General
Trading Companies in ASEAN Countries”, 2014.
Hiroki NISHI (Hiroshima University), “An Exploratory Study on Creation of
Value-in-Context ─ Focus on the Category of the Value in the Consumers of a
Minivan ─”, 2014.
Tsuyoshi AKIYAMA (Tokaigakuen University)/Hisashi ITO (Tokaigakuen University),“Customer Lock-in Strategy to Use Social Media”, 2014.
27

Yoshiro FUJIOKA (Osaka Sangyo University), “A Corporate Strategy and Organization
Administration through the Value Co-Creation”, 2014.
ZHANG Jing (Hiroshima University), “Modeling the Value Co-Creation Retail Enterprise
System ─ Based on the New Relationship between Firm and Customer”, 2014.
Shizuka FUJIMOTO (Hiroshima University), “Switching Roles between Production andConsumption: Consumer Behavior on Video-Sharing Websites”, 2014.
Rie SUZUKI (Bunkyo Gakuin University), “Thinking about Universal Marketing”, 2014.
Yoshiro FUJIOKA (Osaka Sangyo University), “One Consideration for a New
Development in Retail Marketing: Considering Previous Research on Value
Co-Creation”, 2015.
Kazuma IMAMURA (Ibaraki University), “Involvement in the Consumption and Use Phaseof the Manufacturing Industry ─ Reconsideration of Exchange for the Dynamic
Adaptation ─”, 2015.
Kazuya TANIMOTO (Osaka City University), “Comparative Analysis of Consumer
Generated Media Mainly on the Communication Density of the Net Community”,
2015.
(7) Retailing
Tatsuro TOBA (University of Toyama), “Internationalization of Convenience StoreBusiness and Creative Adaption: A Case Study of Family Mart Co., Ltd.”, 2012.
Ayumi KURECHI (Kanto Gakuin University), “Contemporary Issues and Consumer
Services in Small Retailers ─ From the Viewpoint of Retailing Management ─”,
2012.
Takeshi OKAYAMA (Kindai University), “Retail Branding and Retail Formats”, 2012.
Tatsuaki
MINAKATA(OsakaUniversityofCommerce),“Takashimaya
Uniform-Price-Store, the Path towards Regular Chain”, 2015.
ZHU Hong Shuang (Kindai University), “A Study on the Trade Practice in China ─Focus
on the Chinese Slotting Allowance of the Electronics Retailer”, 2015.
(8) Distribution of agricultural products
Kenji TANIMURA (Nagasaki University), “Production and Distribution of Regional
Agricultural Products in the middle Meiji period Hiroshima Prefecture”, 2012.
Tadatoshi SUZUKI (Rakuno Gakuen University)/Masahiro NAKAZAWA (Rakuno Gakuen
University), “Research to a Food Safety and a Getting Confidence from Consumers ─
Circumstances of Thermal Management during Transportation ─”, 2013.
Shigeyoshi TSUCHIYA (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology), “The Changing
28

of Business ─ A Case Study of M Potato in T Agricultural Cooperative, S
prefecture ─”, 2013.
Yasushi SEKIGAWA (Nagoya Bunri University)/Yukari YAMADA (Nagoya Bunri
University)/Hiroshi YOSHIDA (Nagoya Bunri University), “The Role of Food Business
in Regional Promotion”, 2014.
Tadatoshi SUZUKI (Rakuno Gakuen University)/Masahiro NAKAZAWA (Rakuno Gakuen
University), “Research to a Food Safety and a Getting Confidence from Consumers ─
Measurement of Radiation at the Farm Production Area of Hokkaido ─”, 2014.
(9) Banking
Takahisa YAMAGUCHI (Okayama University of Science), “Effect Analysis and Evaluationof Customer Orientation in Regional Banks”, 2012.
Yasushi SEKIGAWA (Nagoya Bunri University), “The Relation of Crisis of Financial
Systems and Economic Behavior of household, Financial intermediate, Financial
Agency”, 2012.
6. Publishing Activities(1) Publication of Academic Journals
Economy of Consumption Research, Vol. 1, The Japan Academy for Consumption
Economy, 2012.
Economy of Consumption Research, Vol. 2, The Japan Academy for Consumption
Economy, 2013.
Economy of Consumption Research, Vol. 3, The Japan Academy for Consumption
Economy, 2014.
Economy of Consumption Research, Vol. 4, The Japan Academy for Consumption
Economy, 2015.
Economy of Consumption Research, Vol. 5, The Japan Academy for Consumption
Economy, 2016.
(2) Book Publication
Introduction to Consumption Economy, Keio University Press
Vol. 5, Toshiyuki ASAOKA, Writer and Editor, Marketing and the Consumer, 2012.
7. International Exchange Activities
The Academy discusses and plans participations and alliances with overseas
academic societies.
29

8. National Conference this year and Forthcoming National Conference.
The 2016 National Conference was held on September 2-3 at Okayama
University of Science. The uniform subject was Service Innovation and Consumption
Economy.
The next National Conference will be held at Osaka University of Commerce inJune, 2017.
References
1) Haruo ISHIBASHI, “JAPAN ACADEMY FOR CONSUMPTION ECONOMY”,
Information Bulletin of the Union of National Economic Associations in Japan, 2001,
pp. 16-22.
2) Takako IWATA, “JAPAN ACADEMY FOR CONSUMPTION ECONOMY”,
Information Bulletin of the Union of National Economic Associations in Japan, 2010,
pp. 27-33.
3) Economy of Consumption Research, Vol. 1-4, The Japan Academy for Consumption
Economy, 2012-2015.

(Kazuo KIKUCHI, Meiji University)

30

JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS (JAFEE)
1. Overview of the Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics
The Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics (JAFEE) was founded in
1997 and currently has more than 500 members from heterogeneous backgrounds,
including economics, business science, law, sociology, history, physics, biology,
engineering and mathematics. The primary aim of our Association is to make abreakthrough in economics and to find a new way for the market economy. We hold aconference twice a year, publish an academic journal, Evolutionary and Institutional
Economics Reviews, and cultivate the academic interests of young scholars. Moreover,
we are conducting international conversations and research programs on the following
research themes.
●Foundations of institutional and evolutionary economics●Criticism of mainstream views in the social sciences● Knowledge and learning in socio-economic life
● Development and innovation of technologies●Transformation of industrial organizations and economic systems● Experimental studies in economics● Agent-based modeling of socio-economic systems● Evolution of the governance structure of firms and other organizations●Comparisonof dynamically changing institutions of the world and otherorganizations● Policy proposals for the transformational process of economic life
The Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics has developed rapidly invarious research fields along with great changes in human society and economy.
2. Evolutionary and Institutionary Economics Review and Springer Monograph
The Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics supports two major
publications now, Evolutionary and Institutionary Economics Review and Springer
Monograph.
Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review (EIER) has been issued by
the Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics constantly since 2004 to provide aninternational forum for new theoretical and empirical approaches to evolutionary andinstitutional economics. EIER, free from the views of equilibrium economics andmethodological individualism, should face the diversity of human behavior anddynamic transformation of institutions. Initially, this journal was published by the31Association herself; now it is published by Springer. In EIER, “economics” is used in its
broadest sense. The journal covers areas from classical research in economic history,
economic thought, economic theory, and management science to emerging research
fields such as economic sociology, bio-economics, evolutionary game theory,
agent-based modeling, complex systems study, econo-physics, and experimental
economics. EIER follows the belief that a truly interdisciplinary discussion is needed topropel the investigation of the dynamic process of socio-economic change, wherein
institutions, as emergent outcomes of human actions, do matter. Although EIER is an
official journal of the Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics, it welcomes thecontributions of non-members from all over the world. All the contributions are refereed
under strict scientific criteria, although EIER does not apply monolithic formalistic
measure to them. Evolution goes hand in hand with diversity; this is also the spirit of
EIER.
Springer Monograph: Evolutionary Economics and Social Complexity
Science is published by Japanese Association for Evolutionary Economics (JAFEE). Its
Editors-in-chief are Takahiro FUJIMOTO, Yuji ARUKA; its Series Editors are S.SECHIYAMA, Y.
SHIOZAWA, K. YAGI, K.YOSHIDA, H.AOYAMA, H. DEGUCHI, M. NISHIBE, T. HASHIMOTO, M.
YOSHIDA, T. ONOZAKI, S.-H.CHEN, and D. HELBING. JAFEE has always adhered to its
original aim of taking an explicitly “integrated” approach. This path has been followed
steadfastly since the Association’s establishment in 1997. Our agendas encompass anarray of contemporary subjects including but not limited to: foundations of institutionaland evolutionary economics, criticism of mainstream views in the social sciences,knowledge and learning in socio-economic life, development and innovation oftechnologies, transformation of industrial organizations and economic systems,
experimental studies in economics, agent-based modeling of socio-economic systems,
evolution of the governance structure of firms and other organizations, international
comparison of dynamically changing institutions, and policy proposals in thetransformational process of economic life. Our starting point is an “integrative science”
of evolutionary and institutional views. Furthermore, we always endeavor to stayabreast of newly established methods such as agent-based modeling,socio/econo-physics, and network analysis as part of our integrative links.
More fundamentally, “evolution” in social science is interpreted as an essential
key word, i.e., an integrative and /or communicative link to understand and re-domain
various preceding dichotomies in the sciences: ontological or epistemological,
subjective or objective, homogeneous or heterogeneous, natural or artificial, selfish or
altruistic, individualistic or collective, rational or irrational, axiomatic or
32psychological-based, causal nexus or cyclic networked, optimal or adaptive, micro- or
macroscopic, deterministic or stochastic, historical or theoretical, mathematical orcomputational, experimental or empirical, agent-based or socio/econo-physical,
institutional or evolutionary, regional or global, and so on. The conventional meanings
adhering to various traditional dichotomies may be more or less obsolete, to be replacedwith more current ones by way of contemporary academic trends. Thus we are strongly
encouraged to integrate some of the conventional dichotomies.
These attempts are not limited to the field of economic sciences, such as
management sciences, but also include the social sciences in general, bringing an
understanding of the social profiles of complex science within our reach. Contemporarysociety appears to be evolving into a new phase chiefly characterized by an informationand communication technology (ICT) mode of production and a service network systemthat is replacing the earlier established factory system with a new one that is suited toactual observations. In the face of these changes we are urgently compelled to explore a
set of new properties for a new socio/economic system by implementing new ideas. We
are thus keen to look for “integrated principles” common to the above-mentioned
dichotomies throughout our serial compilation of publications in order to prepare for a
new social science. We are also encouraged to create a new, broader spectrum forestablishing a specific method positively integrated in our own original way.
3. JAFEE 20: International Conference on Socio-economic Systems with ICT and
Networks
Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics holds an annual conference every
year. The most recent international conference on socio-economic systems with ICT andnetworks was organized at the University of Tokyo on March 26th and 27th, 2016.
The main topic of the international conference unfolded as follows. The world
economy is changing at an increasing pace in the wake of the on-going digital
revolution with a dramatic transformation of our economy and most of our societal
institutions. Modern information and communication technologies (ICT) strengthen
forces of global flows of goods, people, information and finance, entailing a strategic
shift of balance away from traditional geopolitics focused on territorial sovereign states
towards more dynamic geopolitical interdependencies. Network analysis provides
powerful mathematical tools for analyzing the global circulations of goods, resources,
people, money and information. Global flows inform geopolitical representations, andseeing the world through flows rather than through spatially fixed territories has become
important. This conference aimed to bring together researchers from economics, physics,
33

finance, computer science, and engineering for an open-minded, cross-fertilizing
exchange of ideas in a friendly environment. This workshop was held jointly with theannual conference of the Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics (JAFEE).
Sessions were organized with the following topics.
● Agent-based Models in Economics and Finance● Data-driven Approach in Economics and Finance● Sociophysics● Complex Systems and Complex Networks● Complexity in Economic Systems● Econophysics

Our epoch-making international conference featured the following prominent
invited speakers:
Hideaki AOYAMA, Hiroshi YOSHIKAWA, Toshihiro NISHIGUCHI, Shu Heng CHEN, Siew
Ann CHEONG, Alan KIRMAN, Anirban CHAKRABORTI, Irena VODENSKA, J. Barkley ROSSER,
Robert BOYER, and Carsten HERRMANN-PILLATH,
The JAFEE20 International Conference on Socio-economic Systems with ICT
and Networks was very successful and pointed to the future development of
evolutionary economics.
4. Future Prospects of Evolutionary Economics
As Yuji ARUKA suggested in his forthcoming book, Economic Foundations forSocial Complexity Science, (co-edited with Alan KIRMAN) Springer, 2016, evolutionary
economics has developed rapidly along with the great changes in human societies andeconomies. During the last century, humans encountered a massive consumption ofphysical goods and services. In the 21st century, humans are engaged in a massive
utilization of information in various contexts. The ICT society with Everything IT
altogether is distinctly marked by the intensive utilization of information. Either themarket with high-frequency trading (HFT) and the smart grid allocation of electricity,
for instance, are always based on the idea of the smart management of information on
an astronomical scale, far beyond human intuitive scope. On the other hand, given the
scarcity of resources, we are left to our own discretion in exerting human rationality inorder to achieve the most efficient performance, under the traditional microeconomics
assumption. Myopic optimization around scarce resources rather assumes the least useof the available information. Myopic optimization, to be sure, was a winning strategy inthe stage when there was no access to big data, but this idea seems no longer reliable inthe 21st century.
34

The reality has changed. The market, as the HFT is implemented, can then work
even under essentially the same traditional rules, but produces a qualitatively new set offluctuations that never happened previously. We will not necessarily require any
political revolution. A systemic renovation suggested by Industry 4, for instance, must
automatically entail a “re-domaining” and evolution of the socio-economic systems.
The victory of AlphaGo over the human champion in 2015 provided a symbolic
event to supersede overwhelmingly human intelligence, because Igo is the most difficult
game whose total number of strategy tree modes is 10400. With the advent of this new
era in which humans coexist with artificial intelligence, we must strive to renovate ourmethod of inference in both economics and the social sciences. Even a slightly realistic
consideration of the situation will expose us to the domain of an astronomical scale. We
can illustrate this by using the example of the iterated game of the standard twoplayer-two-strategy game. Even in this simple game, a classical inference confined to
the narrow set of rationality principles would not hold to detect a solution if a broader
frame were designed to allow players’ past memories of their moves. The case of thememories of the last two preceding periods would then fabricate the possible strategy
combinations of two players of 221 by 221. By simply introducing some interactive
decision within the last preceding two turns, that would nevertheless accompany a huge
burst in the information structure. However, the procedure to examine the complex
deployment of strategy interactions on an astronomical scale is beyond human intuition.
This is the time for a radical change in our approach from a mathematically pedantic
inference to an agent-based inference in evolutionary economics.
Econophysics became established after it emerged at the end of the last century
by cultivating big data intensively. Meanwhile, with huge simulated data, agent-basedmodeling was promoting network analysis of the heterogeneous interactions, while also
making human sentiments analyzable. Sentiments could then be handled by data/text
mining, which will provide new insights for prediction. This kind of inference may beparticularly robust in the area where traditional methods do not work well. In addition,
sensor technology, in combination with machine learning, is now drastically renovating
our style of driving a car, for instance. Industrial policies are also fostering the intensive
utilization of information.
We have observed how modes of inference are adapting to societal changes underprogress. Our traditional modes of inference should be reformed in order to adapt to an
information-sensitive way, avoiding myopic purification without any strong
commitment to massive information. It is the time for the change in theories as well as
analytical tools towards the latter direction. Following the new insights from35

information-sensitive considerations, we should prepare for new approaches that canhandle the two-sided renovations of ontology and epistemology in evolutionary
economics.
Evolutionary economics is a very promising research area in social sciences, andJapan Association of Evolutionary Economics will continue to contribute to thedevelopment of evolutionary economics.
Appendix. Office and Officers of JAFEE, currently in the period from April 2015 toMarch 2018.
President Yuji ARUKA (Chuo University)
Vice-president Makoto NISHIBE (Hokkaido University)
Board members
Hideaki AOYAMA (Kyoto University)
Akiyoshi ARAKAWA (Rikkyo University)
Susumu EGASHIRA (Otaru University of Commerce)
Takahiro FUJIMOTO (University of Tokyo)
Kazuhiko FUKUTOME (Nara Gakuen University)
Shigeyuki HATTORI (Fukui Prefectural University)
Kazuhito OGAWA (Kansai University)
Toyomitsu OKAMOTO (Kyushu Sangyo University)
Hiroaki SASAKI (Kyoto University)
Norio SAWABE (Kyoto University)
Kiichiro YAGI (Setsunan University)
Masaaki YOSHIDA (Senshu University)
Masayuki YOSHIDA (Joetsu University of Education)
Toichiro ASADA (Chuo University)
Tsuyoshi IKEDA (Rikkyo University)
Akinori ISOGAI (Kyushu University)
Takanori IDA (Kyoto University)
Hiroyasu UEMURA (Yokohama National Unversity)
Hiroyuki UNI (Kyoto University)
Yoshinori SHIOZAWA (Osaka City University)
Norio TOKUMARU (Nagoya Institute of Technology)
Takayuki NAKAHARA (Hannan University)
Hiroharu HARADA (Fukuyama City University)
Mitsuharu MIYAMOTO (Senshu University)36Managerial Office of the Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics (JAFEE)
Prof. Akiyoshi ARAKAWA c/o
Faculty of Economics, Rikkyo University
3-34-1, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan 171-8501(Hiroyasu UEMURA, Yokohama National University)

37THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS (JSHE)
1. Structure of the JSHE
1.1 Foundation and History
The Japan Society of Household Economics (JSHE) was established on April 27,
1985, and the first president was Yasuhiko OHISHI. Shiro HARA became the second
president. After Shiro HARA, the Society had several professors, Jun-ichi SENDA,
Yasuhiro SAKAI, Osamu MURAMOTO, Hiroshi KAMAE, Masayuki SAKAGUCHI, Shinji
TAKEUCHI and Tsuguo FUJINO, as its president. Takau YONEYAMA has occupied thepresidency since June 2016.
The purpose of the Society is stated in the third section of its constitution. In sum,in order to contribute to improve economic activities of individuals and households, theSociety promotes interdisciplinary discussion on problems of personal finance andsocial security among members.
At the start, the total members were 1,370, out of which 508 were full members,
821 were associate members and 41 were supporting members.
In 2016, total members were 640, which consisted of 591 full members, 26
associate members, 6 supporting members and 17 honorary members.
1.2 Objectives and features
The JSHE especially focuses on the following three concepts: interdisciplinary,household finance and living. We have important future problems including an aging
society, a declining birthrate, and work-life balance in Japan. The members of theSociety discuss these problems especially from the viewpoint of household economy orliving. Moreover, the members consist of different academic fields which include
household economics, personal finance, social security and pensions, risk management
and insurance, sociology and so on. This means the Society is a valuable place forpromoting interdisciplinary studies to academicians and researchers who are interestingin the household or living.
1.3 Membership
The rules of the Society stipulate membership in the following five categories:
regular member, student member, supporting member, honorary member andinstitutional member. Regular members are mainly academicians and researchers.
Student members are mainly postgraduate students and postdoctoral researchers.
Supporting members are not academicians but people who are interested in human38living and household economy, and agree with the aims of the Society. Honorary
members are persons who have made a great contribution to the Society. Institutional
members are a corporation or group which would like to achieve the Society’s purposes.
1.4 Organization and Governance
The executive organ is the Board of Directors. Directors will be elected bymembers every two years, and some directors are appointed by the President. A director
is not able to be reappointed more than four times, or eight years. The President andVice-Presidents are selected by the election for President and Vice-Presidents every two
years. The President serves as the COE and forms an Executive Committee with aVice-President/Finance and a Vice-President/General Affairs. In addition, the President
takes the chair of the Board of Managing Directors which consists of the President,
Vice-Presidents, chairs of committees, representatives of regional divisions, and so on.
The General Assembly is the supreme decision-making organ for the Society. It is
held at the annual conference. Although the time is limited for the General Assembly,
representatives of regional divisions can voice members’ opinions in the Board ofManaging Directors.
Auditors are independent from the executive body, and they are able to join
important executive meetings. The Secretariat supports the Board of Managing
Directors, and engages in office work.
2. JSE’s Major Activities
2.1 Annual Conference
The Annual Conference is usually held in June. Each regional division has a
responsibility for holding the annual conference by rotation. The venue is usually a halland classrooms in a university to which members belong.
The executive committee for the annual conference is organized a year before theconference will be held. A scientific committee is formed as well. It is responsible forprograming of the conference. The Society gives a subsidy for promoting and runningthe conference.
The aggregate number of participants is about 150 on average. It generally ispermitted to non-members to join the plenary session without any charge, because thetheme of the plenary session often is selected from what can be contributed to theregional economy and communities.
2.2 Regional divisions
39

The JSHE has seven regional divisions: Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu,
Kansai, Chugoku/Shikoku and Kyushu. Each division organizes an academic meeting
once or twice a year, where scholars and researchers mainly in each region gather forjoint discussions. Every member can participate in any regional academic meeting, if
he/she wishes.
We have a problem in managing the regional divisions system. Since the regional
divisions are geographically divided, there is a great difference in population ofmembers among divisions. Most members concentrate in the Kanto division. On thecontrary, both Hokkaido and Kyushu have few members, and are worried about
decreasing numbers.
As members recognize the regional divisions system has contributed to thedevelopment of the JSHE, the Executive Committee have worked out plans which canmake regional divisions active.
2.3 The JSHE Award
In order to credit the outstanding work members have achieved, the JSHE Award
has been set up. For encouragement of younger scholars in their excellent work, the
JSHE also has set up a JSHE Encouragement Prize. Outstanding books the members
have published are also awarded a JSHE Book Award. These award winners are selectedby the JSHE Award Selection Committee members, who are one of the vice-presidents
and three JSHE members nominated by the President. The Award ceremony is held at
the General Assembly.
2.4 Twenty-fifth Anniversary and Future Projects
The previous Executive Committee made a plan for the revitalization of theSociety. There are lots of items for revitalization in the plan. The Executive Committee
has put these items into practice in turn. The present Executive Committee will executethe remainder of these items which have not been put into practice yet. But some items
are being carried over because of problems of feasibility.
The Planning Committee has proceeded with a plan to publish a book forcelebrating our twenty-fifth anniversary. Finally the project team for publishing thebook will complete their responsibility in 2016/17. The book is the second formal
publication by the Society. It follows the first book, which was a textbook of household
economics published in 1997.
3. Annual Conferences from 2011 to 201540

3.1 The 27th Annual Conference, 2011
It was held at Meijo University, Nagoya in June, 2011. The theme of the plenary
session was “Administration of Consumer Affairs and Household Economics”.
3.2 The 28th Annual Conference, 2012
The venue was the Liberty Hall at Meiji University, Tokyo. It was held in June
2012. The theme of the plenary session was “Admiring a Secure and Sustainable
Society”. As we had experienced huge damage from the great earthquake over thenorth-eastern part of Japan in 2011, the impact on household economy and living werediscussed. Discussing how to revive household economy and living from damage of anearthquake is one of the missions of the Society. Some discussions related to this theme
took place in the regional meetings.
3.3 The 29th Annual Conference, 2013
The regional division of Hokkaido took charge of holding the annual conferencein this year. The venue was Hokunou Kenpo Kaikan, Sapporo. The theme of the plenary
session was “The Concept of Social Security that Aims at Local Rejuvenation”.
3.4 The 30th Annual Conference, 2014
It was held at Nagasaki University, Kyushu. The theme of the plenary session was“Regional Development and Local Industry”.
3.5 The 31st Annual Conference, 2015
The Kansai division took charge of holding the annual conference in this year.
The venue was Otemon Gakuin University, Osaka. The theme of the plenary session
was “Influence of Abenomics on the Current Circumstances”.
4. JSHE’s Journal: Journal of Household Economics
The JSHE issues the Journal of Household Economics, which is an academic
journal with a formal examination system. The editorial board consists of a chief editor
and editorial members, and the chief editor is responsible for publishing the journal.
Regarding the examination system, two anonymous referees examine a submitted paper,and the editorial board decides the result for its acceptance.
The journal is issued regularly twice a year. All members can apply to the journal.
Although submissions are not accepted from non-members, they can apply if they offer
to be members of the JSHE at the same time. The most important feature of theexamination system is that the editorial board decides the acceptance of applied papers
only once. It means that there is no extended judgement over two examination periods.
This system insures that applicants can certainly know the result for acceptance once a
half-year. The accepted papers cover a wide range, and the editorial board welcomes41

interdisciplinary fields concerning household and life. The title of articles in the Journalof Household Economics can be seen via internet. You can also browse the abstract ofthese papers. The URL is as follows;
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/seikatsukeizaigaku/-char/en/
5. Concluding remarks
The JSHE is the only social-science-based academic association which covers
household economy and human life in Japan. The Society is a member of theConsortium of Human Life Science, as well as the Union of National Economic
Associations in Japan, which puts members in a position of interdisciplinary study.
While modern society aims to be a liberal and flexible society which approves ofdiversified values, the role of the JSHE in clarifying the above features is expected toincrease.

(Takau YONEYAMA, Hitotsubashi University)

42

THE JAPAN ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT
1. Brief History
In April 1974, a small study group was launched at Chiba University ofCommerce. It was made up for four members, including Toshio KIKUCHI (Nihon
University), Hisao FUJII (1933-1991), Masao TOKUTANI (1940-2013), and Nobuhisa OBU(1943-2009). Seventeen years later, on July 27 1991, a general meeting for establishing
the Japan Association for Research on Business Administrative Behavior (Keiei Kodo
Kenkyu Gakkai) with that study group as its parent body was arranged at the College of
Economics, Nihon University. Toshio KIKUCHI was elected as the first president. In 2002,
the English appellation of our organization was changed from the Japan Association for
Research on Business Administrative Behavior to the Japan Academy of Management.
We celebrated its 25th anniversary in August 2016.
2. Outline of the Academy
The objectives of the Academy are to promote research on administrative
behavior. At the same time, the Academy stimulates an interdisciplinary approach
toward administrative behavior including Management, Economics, Accounting,Marketing, Law and other related social and natural sciences, breaking down thecloseness of segmented academic fields. The Academy also promotes international
academic exchange.
Our Academy’s activities are governed and managed by the following officers:(1) One President and Three Vice-Presidents(2) Sixty-Four Councilors(3) Members of Eight Executive Committees(4) Two Auditors
As of July 2016, the Academy had approximately 430 members. Most of themembers are professors in universities and colleges. The Academy, however, supports
the collaboration of academics and businesspersons.
The Academy has three regional conferences: quarterly in the Kanto district(April, June, October, and December), semi-annually in the Chubu district (June andDecember), and annually in the Kyushu district (April). These conferences usually
include two or three reports. We celebrated the 100th Kanto regional conference at theCollege of Economics, Nihon University on June 25, 2016.
3. Award
43

Our Academy presents an award for article(s) that have made great contributions
to the research of administrative behavior. This system was founded this spring.
Unfortunately, its first award was not granted at the general meeting on August 20,
2016.
4. Annual Meetings (2011-2016)
The Annual Meeting is held in late July or early August as a rule, and includes a
symposium under a unified theme and eighteen research reports. The latest annual
meeting was held at Meiji University on August 20-21, 2016. The next annual meetingis scheduled to be held at Soka University in September, 2017.
As can be seen below, unified themes for recent symposia have been on crisis
management, corporate sustainability, innovation, governance of non-profit
organizations, and corporate social responsibility, which reflect not only recent
management issues but also the guiding principles of the Academy.
In 2011, special symposium regarding the Great East Japan Earthquake titled“What can we learn from Big Natural Disasters?” was held in addition to the normal
unified theme symposium. Five speakers presented insightful reports. Toshio K IKUCHI
and Katsuhiko SAKURAI (Nagoya University) coordinated the symposium.
(1) “Fukushima Nuclear Power Station, the TEP accident, and Its Critical Lesson ─How can Theory of the Firm Contribute?” by Hideki IKENOUCHI (Kyushu Sangyo
University)(2) “Survey of Economic and Industrial Damage due to the Great East Japan Earthquake”
by Taeko NAKAMA (Japan University of Economics)(3) “Remarks upon the Socio-Historical Climate of Europe and Japan ─ Facing theCatastrophe of Fukushima and the Great East Japan Earthquake on 3.11” by Kiyoharu
IWAI (J. F. Oberlin University)(4) “Problems Concerning Damage to the Agriculture and Fishery” by Yoshiaki
HORIKOSHI (Yamanashi Gakuin University)(5) “Some Lessons from Failure of the Management Cycle” by Masao TOKUTANI (Tokyo
University of Agriculture)
22nd Annual Meeting (August 7- 9, 2012: Yamanashi Gakuin University)
The Unified Theme was Corporate Sustainability and Management Behavior.
(1) “Regional Commitment and ‘Regional Potential’ – a Review on ‘Community Ties’”
by Hiroaki ITAKURA (Kagawa University)(2) “A Study on Synchronized and Desynchronized Production in the Resource
44

Circulation Model using ‘3R matrix’” by Hiroshi YAMASHITA (Meiji University)(3) “Analysis on the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster and Corporate Bankruptcy,
and Turnaround” by Saburo OHTA (Chiba University of Commerce)(4) “Corporate Social Responsibility and Engagement” by Jihyang LEE (Kyushu
Kyoritsu University), Yuji YASHIMA (Kyushu Kyoritsu University), and Damon
DRUMMOND (Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University)(5) “Problems for Institutionalization of Integrated Reporting” by Osamu FURUSHO(Nihon University)
23rd Annual Meeting (August 10-11, 2013: Chiba University of Commerce)
The Unified Theme was Overcoming the Recession and Management Behavior.
(1) “Japanese Economy’s Exit from Deflation and Administrative Behavior” by Saburo
OHTA (Chiba University of Commerce)(2) “An Empirical Study on the Business Innovation in Innovative SMEs” by Yasuo
TSUCHIYA (J. F. Oberlin University)(3) “The Rebirth of Regional Economy and Management Innovation of Regional
Enterprises” by Masaharu KUHARA (Showa Women’s University)(4) “The Possibility of Revival of Japanese Manufacturers that have Lost the Essence of
Manufacturing” by Keizo SAKURAI (Japan University of Economics)(5) “Exploring Strategic Frameworks for Innovation: How can Japanese Companies
Innovate by Working with Foreign Highly Skilled People?” by Satoko YASUDA (Kwansei
Gakuin University)
24th Annual Meeting (August 9-10, 2014: College of Commerce, Nihon University)
The Unified Theme was Governance of Non-Profit Organizations.
(1) “The Measurement of Efficiency and Comparability for NPO Accounting Standard”
by Osamu FURUSHO (Nihon University)(2) “Some Problems on Governance of Non-Profit Organizations” by Isuke KOUTOU(Chukyo Gakuin University)(3) “The Governance of Not-for-Profit Organizations – the governance of medical andlong-term care business” by Yumi MATSUBARA (Meiji Yasuda Institute of Life andWellness)(4) “Organization and Governance of the German Social Security System in the Elderly
Care Section” by Harunobu ONAGI (Nihon University)(5) “Governing the Non-Profit Organization – Employment satisfaction, Patientsatisfaction, Outcome evaluation” by Takao ANDO (Medical Corporation Eiseikai)
45

25th Annual Meeting (August 7-9, 2015: Chuo Gakuin University)
The Unified Theme was Socially Responsible Management and Management
Behavior.
(1) “Socially Responsible Management and Top Executives’ Managerial Behavior” by
Mitsuhiro HIRATA (Chuo Gakuin University)(2) “The Effective Utilization of Resources and Corporate Social Responsibility” by
Hitomi AWAYA (Keiai University)(3) “Social Responsibility Management and Corporate Governance” by Hideki
IKENOUCHI (Kyushu Sangyo University)(4) “Social Responsibility Management and Stakeholder Approach” by Katsuhiko
SAKURAI (Tokai Gakuen University)(5) “Social Responsibility Management and Management Behavior – an Approach fromManagement Accounting” by Keiichi HASEGAWA (Waseda University)
26th Annual Meeting (August 20-21, 2016: Meiji University)
The Unified Theme was Exploitative Enterprises Called “Black Companies” andManagement Behavior.
25th anniversary memorial lecture titled “Governance of Exploitative Enterprises”
was delivered by Tadashi MITO.
5. The Japan-China Enterprise Management Symposium
The Japan-China Enterprise Management Symposium started in 1984, andsymposia have been held in Japan and China by turns. The Academy began organizing
the Japanese part in 2000. It has been suspended since the 24th symposium in 2012.
24th Japan-China Enterprise Management Symposium was held in Anhui, China
on August 19, 2012. The Symposium theme is “Innovation of Management under the
Information Age and the Network Society.”
6. The Japan-Mongolia International Symposium
Since the Academy and Economy and Business Union of Mongolia (President:
Tuvd DORJ) organized the First Japan-Mongolia International Symposium in Ulan Bator
in 2000, Symposia have been held in each country by turns. Several reporters reportfrom both countries. The symposia are held at the same time as Annual Meetings inJapan.
The 15th Japan-Mongolia International Symposium was held in Baganuur,
46

Mongolia on August 9-10, 2016. Four Japanese reporters and six Mongolian reporters
gave their presentations. The main theme was Some Problems on Development,
Environment, and Management.
(1) “Corporate Response to Environmental Problems ─ Some Problems on Corporate
Inner Control and Compliance” by Toshio KIKUCHI(2) “Corporate Governance in Transition” by Nobuo SAKUMA (Soka University)(3) “Tax Accounting Issues Relating to Multinational Companies under the Business
Environment for Globalization” by Yoshiaki HIRANO (Nihon University)(4) “Current Issues on Social Impact Investment” by Masato MAKINO (The Institute ofBusiness Administrative Behavior)
The 16th Japan-Mongolia International Symposium will be held at Soka
University in September, 2017.
The 11th Japan-Mongolia International Symposium was held in Erdenet,
Mongolia on August 19, 2011. The main theme was Environment and Personnel
Development.
The 12th Japan-Mongolia International Symposium was held at Yamanashi
Gakuin University on August 7-8, 2012. The main theme was Harmony of Environment
with Economic Growth, and Management Behavior. Four Japanese reporters and four
Mongolian reporters delivered their presentations.
The 13th Japan-Mongolia International Symposium was held in Darkhan,
Mongolia on August 5-7, 2014. The main theme was Some Problems on Policy, Industry,
and Management.
The 14th Japan-Mongolia International Symposium was held in Chuo Gakuin
University on August 7-8, 2015. The main theme was Some Problems on Environment,
Natural Resources, and Management. Four Japanese reporters and four Mongolian
reporters made their presentations.
7. Publications
The Academy has published 25 volumes of The Annals of the Japan Academy ofManagement since 1992. The Annals is published on an annual basis, and contains all of
the papers on the unified theme, and peer-reviewed papers on free themes, and a few
book reviews.
The Academy issues a News Letter three times a year for the members. It contains
internal information on the Academy’s ongoing activities. Eighty nine News Lettershave been issued up to April 2016.
The special issue celebrating its 10th anniversary was published in July, 2000 and47

its digital edition is available on our website now.
8. Research Projects
The Academy calls for research project(s) from the Academy members and gives
research grant(s) to a few projects. The themes of projects which were adopted recently
are as follows:
Iwayuki SUZUKI, Y. ZHANG, and P. HWANG
Current Status and Comparative Study of Human Resource Development System byLocal, Japanese, Chinese, and Korean Companies in Mongolia
Yasuji SEKIOKA, Nobuhiko ISO, Kazuhiko ISHII, and Fumie SHIGETA
Current Issues on Governance of Non-Profit Enterprises
9. Future Research
One of the aims of the Academy is to study the theory, policy and practices ofadministrative behavior. In the 21st century, revolutionary changes are accelerating in
the eco-system of administrative behaviors. To respond to the dynamic environment in
the 21st century, research programs on administrative behavior must develop an
innovative concept. A broad range of topics have to be embraced in our research. The
major topics are as follows:(1) Corporate Governance(2) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)(3) Business Ethics(4) Environmental Issues(5) Innovation(6) Governance of Non-Profit Organizations.
Fortunately, members of the Academy are eager to study those topics. In theintervening quarter-century, the efforts to vitalize research activities have been
continued. We hope each member can contribute to the development of research on
administrative behavior.
Masato MAKINO (The Institute of Business Administrative Behavior)48

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC HISTORY SOCIETY
The Political Economy and Economic History Society was originally establishedin 1948 as the Agrarian History Society. The objective of this Society was to study theoverall process of the agricultural reform after WWⅡ and to forecast the future ofJapanese society. The initial membership included scholars of economic theory, as wellas legal and rural sociology. The Society aimed to clarify the specific characteristics ofthe agricultural reform from the viewpoint of social science in worldwide and historicalperspectives.
In its early years, the Society held an annual conference and published The
Bulletin of Agrarian History. Since 1958 it has published The Journal of Political
Economy and Economic History quarterly. In October 2002 the Society decided tochange its name from the Agrarian History Society to the Political Economy andEconomic History Society.
Today, the Society is headed by a Board of Directors with over 20 members,
which supervises the Editorial Committee, the Study Committee and the Secretariat.
The Editorial Committee publishes The Journal of Political Economy and Economic
History quarterly. The Journal maintains a high reputation for the quality of articles,
judged under a double-referee examination. The Study Committee manages bi-annual
conferences in Spring and Autumn. The Spring Conference, usually held in Tokyo,
consists of a symposium on an up-to-date subject. The Autumn Conference, a two-day
meeting, holds several panel discussions, seminar sessions, as well as a symposium.
The Society has four divisions: Economic Theory and Current Analysis, Agrarian
Issues, Japanese Economic History, and Economic History of the World. The Society
also contains seven “forums”, which gather scholars and students, inside as well as
outside the Society, to deal with specific issues. The present “forums” consist of thefollowing themes: Welfare Society, Environment, Military Industry and Weapons
Transfer, Urban and Economic History, European Integration, Music and Society, andGlobal History of Textiles.
The following is a review of the Society’s academic activities in its meetings from2011 to 2013.
1. The Conferences in 2011
The Spring Conference of the Society was held on 25 June at the University ofTokyo in the form of a symposium on “Inside and Outside the Urban Public: With
special reference to 20th Century Asian Cities”. After the introduction by Shuichi
49

TAKASHIMA (Aoyama Gakuin University), three papers were presented: “Plague Panic in
Shanghai, 1910” by Yuki FUKUSHI (Research Institute for Humanity and Nature), “Small
Shopkeepers and Manufacturers in Tokyo” by Masayuki TANIMOTO (The University ofTokyo) and “Transformation of Publicness in Japan in the 1970s” by Chikako K ATO(Yokohama National University).
The Autumn Conference was held at Ritsumeikan University on 22-23 October
2011, consisting of two panel discussions and 23 seminar sessions, as well as a
symposium entitled “Academic Tasks for the Reconstruction of Local Economies andSocieties after the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake and the Fukushima Nuclear
Accident”. The papers read at the symposium were as follows: “Introduction” by
Tomoji ONOZUKA (The University of Tokyo), “Rebuilding Local Societies and the Social
Structure of Damage caused by Earthquake Disasters: From the Perspective of
Intraregional Economic Circulation” by Tomohiro OKADA (Kyoto University),“Agricultural Recovery Efforts in Tsunami-Damaged Areas: A Case Study of Miyagi
Prefecture” by Katsuhito FUYUKI (Tohoku University), “‘Welfare to Work’: Post-tsunami
Reconstruction Policies for Coastal Fisheries” by Kazutoshi KASE (The University ofTokyo) and “The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster and the Collapse of Special-Interest
Financing” by Shuji SHIMIZU (Fukushima University). Two comments followed: “How
Italian Civil Society Copes with Nuclear Power Plants: The 2011 Popular Referendum
and Regional Disparities” by Natsuko TANAKA (Tsuru University) and “‘Beyond What
the Experts Expected’: A Historical Examination of the Navy and the Great Kanto
Earthquake” by Jun SUZUKI (The University of Tokyo).
The following are summaries of the main papers read at the Conference (citedfrom The Journal of Political Economy and Economic History, no. 215, 2012, pp.
79-80).
The objective of the first paper, Tomohiro Okada, “Rebuilding Local Societies
and the Social Structure of Damages caused by Earthquake Disasters”, is to show theprospects and issues on rebuilding affected local societies based on the concept of
intraregional economic circulation after elucidating the social structure of damages
caused by the Eastern Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. To do this, 1) this paper criticizes
the discourse that limits the scope of disaster-hit areas to the Tohoku region by showing
the heterogeneity and regionality of the social structure of damages in the aftermath ofthe earthquake and tsunami; 2) from the context of capitalist development from the
mid-war period that saw the implementation of Tohoku Shinko Jigyo (Tohoku
Development Project) towards the contemporary phase of economic globalization, thepaper analyzes the socioeconomic factors within the disaster-hit areas and the political50

economic factors behind the policy conflicts concerning local revitalization; and 3) byexamining the policy issues concerning the restoration of disaster-hit local societies andthe reestablishment of victims’ lives through the case of a city that was seriously
damaged by tsunami, Kesennuma City in Miyagi Prefecture, this paper shows theimportance in restoring the intraregional reinvestment capability and intraregional
economic circulation of the affected local societies.
In the second paper, Katsuhito FUYUKI considers the agricultural recovery efforts
in the tsunami-damaged areas. The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011
caused extensive damage to agriculture in the Tohoku region. Miyagi Prefecture was
especially devastated by the massive tsunami that flooded 10% of its cultivated acreage.
Furthermore, rural communities themselves were damaged much as the land was, andhave yet to recover adequately. The Miyagi Prefecture Basic Disaster Reconstruction
Policy includes in its “Basic Concepts” what it calls “Not just Restoration”, [but also]“Restructuring”. It explains the concept as follows: “While coordinating land usage, theprefectural government will make plans to improve agricultural output throughagricultural land integration, large scaling of operations and transitions of crops planted.
In addition, the agribusiness for the ‘sixth industry’ will be proactively developed forthe revitalization and reconstruction of a competitive agricultural industry”. The key
words (Miyagi Prefecture translation) here are “integration”, “large scal[e]”, and“business”. In line with the Prefectural plan, some private enterprises have alreadyjoined the reconstruction effort in cooperation with large-scale agricultural corporationsin Sendai City. By contrast, however, many medium and small family farmers and theirlands have not yet recovered. The government should henceforth not pursue only thesingle model of “large-scale agribusiness through integration of farmlands”, but should
also closely examine the grave situation of small-scale family farms and seek to address
their needs.
In the third paper, Kazutoshi KASE reconsiders the post-tsunami reconstruction
policies for coastal fisheries. The homes and workplaces of coastal fishermen arenecessarily located very near the coastline and were accordingly hit especially hard by
the March, 2011 Tohoku earthquake and resultant tsunami. Given the scale of thedamage and fatalities, it was immediately clear that coastal fishermen in Iwate, Miyagi,
and Fukushima Prefectures would be unable to resume their fishery activities without
special public aid. Governmental relief and recovery plans being slow to materialize,
however, many fishermen lost hope and the will to rebuild. This in turn posed the threatthat local economies, based as they had been on the fisheries industry, would go into
decline. Young people would have to leave the area, and the middle-aged and the elderly,
51who cannot readily enter new fields of work, would remain, living on welfare benefits.
It was under these circumstances that the government adopted a relief plan that wasmuch more powerful and effective than those following previous disasters had been.
Especially important was the change in the policy principle that fishermen’s private
assets should not be subsidized. Concretely, the government approved a plan to offer
subsidies that would enable individual fishermen to replace their boats and related
equipment at one-ninth or one-sixth the regular price. Encouraged by these new policies,
most coastal fishermen once again became motivated to rebuild. Many people havecriticized the government’s relief plan, but it is a reasonable approach because it
encourages coastal fishermen to work actively for the reconstruction of their businesses.
The government naturally did not adopt these policies out of generosity or kindness.
Rather, it agreed to subsidies of this kind because it feared that the majority of thoseremaining in the coastal region, where there were no good employment alternatives tothe fisheries industry, would become permanently dependent on welfare benefits. The
government’s policy can therefore be understood as an example of welfare state
reorganization, or in other words, as a policy of encouraging a shift “from welfare towork.”In the fourth paper, Shuji SHIMIZU examines the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster andthe collapse of special-interest financing in Japan. The disaster at the Fukushima nuclear
power plant (NPP) will without doubt bring extensive damage to the stricken area for along time to come. Local communities have been fragmented and conflicts have erupted
among victims over what stance to take toward radioactive contamination issues. No
one can predict whether, as a result of the accident, Japan will completely do away with
nuclear power or not. However, one significant factor will be the extent to which thespecial-interest system for NPP sites remains intact. The building of NPPs stimulates
regional economies only temporarily and to a limited degree, while the structure of theregional economy changes drastically and becomes unsustainable without new capital
investment in the plant. Following the Fukushima accident, the scope ofdisaster-prevention arrangements will expand significantly and the number of local
governments involved in them will triple. It is highly likely that regions and local
governments that do not benefit directly from NPP employment and tax revenues will
also have a strong say in the location and operation of NPPs. This paper therefore
predicts that there will be a marked reduction in the effectiveness of the special-interest
system.
2. The Conferences in 201252

The Spring Conference of the Society held on 30 June 2012 at the University ofTokyo consisted of a symposium entitled “The Historical Phase of the Crisis of System:
The Crisis of Euro and Dollar”. Following the introductory presentation by Kazuhiko
YAGO (Waseda University), four papers were presented: “Crisis of Industry andEuropean Integration: The French Government’s Strategies on the Crisis of Industry
after WWⅡ” by Yukihiko ISHIYAMA (Yokohama National University), “Crisis of Euroand UK: Background and Consequences of Britain’s Non-participation in the Single
Currency” by Ayumi SUGAWARA (Tohoku University), “American Foreign Economic
Policy and Growth Model” by Akira OHASHI (Kinjo Gakuin University), and “Global
Crisis and East Asian Economic Area” by Fumio KANEKO (Yokohama City University).
The Autumn Conference was held at Keio University on 10-11 November 2012
and consisted of five panel discussions and 23 seminar sessions, as well as a symposium
entitled “On the End of Rapid Economic Growth: Manufacturing, Domestic Demand,and Regional Societies”. The papers read at the symposium were as follows: “Preface”
by Masakazu NAGAE (Senshu University), “The Japanese Economy’s Dependence on
Exports and Foreign Demand” by Kenichi MURAKAMI (Tsuru University), “The Effect on
Rural Communities of the Shrinking Role of Farmers as a Source of Low-Wage
Manufacturing Labor” by Shigeo TOMODA (Rural Development Planning Commission),“Report on U.S. Industrial Dynamics: From Aerospace Industry to Software Industry:
Industrial Diversification and Transformation in the Labor Market in the Seattle
Metropolitan Area” by Hiroyuki YAMAGATA (Rikkyo University), and “Globalization and
Korea’s Export-led Growth Model: Its Toughness and Vulnerability in Globalization”
by Koji SANO (Fukushima University). Three comments followed: “Japan’s High-growthand Post-high-growth Periods in Historical Context: The Long View” by Osamu SAITO(Hitotsubashi University), “Why We Prioritize the Manufacturing Sector and Domestic
Demand: A Comment on A Priori Assumptions” by Tomoari MATSUNAGA (Yokohama
National University) and “What Comes after High-Speed Growth?” by Haruhito TAKEDA(The University of Tokyo).
The following are summaries of the main papers read at the Conference (citedfrom The Journal of Political Economy and Economic History, no. 219, April 2012, pp.
79-80).
The first paper, “The Japanese Economy’s Dependence on Exports and Foreign
Demand” by Kenichi Murakami, analyzes the structure of the Japanese economy as an“economic superpower” dependent on exports and foreign demand, in terms of the
reproduction schema of Marxian theory. The foundations of Japan’s post-war economy
were established during the period of rapid economic growth, based on an accumulation53

process led by “Department I” production, especially the production of capital goods
and raw materials. In the mid-1970s, global recession forced Japanese industry to adjust
to new circumstances, and Japanese companies gained greater international
competitiveness, particularly in the automotive and electric sectors and others related tothe machine industries. This was due to the adoption of “slim management” and theintroduction of micro-electronics technologies. “Slim management” reduced
employment and capital investment, increasing labor intensity and efficiency in order tobuild up capital more effectively. The significance of “slim management” for Japan’s
reproduction structure was that it not only realized sharp production increases andgreater international competitiveness but also brought about a contraction of domestic
demand in both investment and consumption. As a result, the Japanese economy
became dependent on exports. Domestic demand grew more than exports from the latter
1980s into the 1990s, but the Japanese economy again became more deeply dependent
on foreign demand from the late 1990s on. In the 2000s, foreign demand drove an
increase in domestic output by the automotive, industrial machinery, metal products,
and chemical products industries, despite the concurrent expansion of Japanesecompanies’ electrical equipment factories elsewhere in Asia. Domestic demand showed
less growth than domestic output during this period, much as it did in the second half ofthe 1970s, because Japanese companies in the leading industries were maintaining andstrengthening their competitiveness by employing more non-regular workers (including
dispatched workers, contract workers, part-time workers and others) than regular
employees. The result has been the contraction of the domestic economy, because the“contradictions between production and consumption” in the domestic economy haveinevitably widened in the face of ever-harsher competitive conditions worldwide. This
paper shows that as an “economic superpower” dependent on exports and foreign
demand, Japan’s economy has been founded on domestic wage differentials and on
poverty and has brought about a condition of overproduction in the world economy.
The second paper by Shigeo TOMODA considers farmers in rural communities assources of low-wage manufacturing labor. The 1973 oil shock is generally regarded as
marking the end of rapid economic growth in Japan. For rural communities in Tohoku,
however, 1973 did not represent an end so much as a type of beginning. The Tohoku
region continued to grow economically between 1975 and 1980 and maintained its
economic vitality throughout the 1980s. Even during this period, however, there was acontinuous flow of labor to the cities as people sought better working conditions. The
result was the collapse of the abundant labor force in rural areas, which had been thelocational factor for the manufacturing that drove the “high economic growth” of54

Tohoku’s rural communities in the first place. The trend was then solidified by theemigration of members of farming households in response to the bubble economy at theend of the 1980s. By the latter 1990s, the farming sector had lost its role as a supplier oflabor, and it became increasingly difficult for companies located in rural communities torely solely on the local labor force. The more difficult it is to locate companies in thearea, the greater will be the outflow of the population, further compounding the problem.
Measures are therefore needed to make the best use of the labor force existing in theregion.
The purpose of Hiroyuki Yamagata’s third paper is to analyze the dynamism of
the modern U.S. industrial structure mainly connected with the process of the growth of
the service sector, informationization, and external economy. This paper analyzes theindustrial diversification process in the Seattle metropolitan area as a case study of theseprocesses. Furthermore, we discuss the importance and possibility of sustainableregional industrial and labor policy in the global era on the basis of the Seattle casestudy. In the 1980s, changes in the industrial composition occurred in the U.S. The
relative position of the manufacturing industry decreased, while the service andfinancial industries grew. The aerospace and software industries are integral parts ofSeattle’s industrial composition and the position of both changed dynamically after the
1990s. The aerospace industry was reduced as a result of restructuring of Boeing after
the Cold War, and the IT service industry, mainly software industry, grew rapidly
instead. The agglomeration and growth of Microsoft and small- and medium-sized
software companies contributed to this phenomenon and were encouraged by thefollowing factors. First, software companies regard skillful software engineers as very
important resources. Second, the charm of Seattle as a place to live attracts bothcompany founders and skillful software engineers. Third, a key local trade group(Washington Technology Industry Association, WTIA) provides useful programs suchas co-buying of health care programs to software companies. We can think of these
programs by WTIA as virtual local industrial policies. In the 2000s, the growth of U.S.
industry and employment were delayed by a decrease in the number of the
manufacturing industry employees. The software industry jumped to the position ofleading Seattle industry, and software engineers living in Seattle formed the base of new
industry creation, including the biotechnology and interactive media. Finally, the growthof the IT service industry in Seattle brought an increase in household income in thehigh-ranking range as well as globalization of the Seattle labor market. Both state andcity industrial and labor policies are changing in Seattle in response to the changes inboth industry and work force needs. This paper discusses the characteristics of these55

policies, and shows the importance and effects of community and local government-led
actions on globalization. Two comments followed: “Japan’s High-growth andPost-high-growth Periods in Historical Context: The Long View” by Osamu SAITO(Hitotsubashi University), “Why We Prioritize the Manufacturing Sector and Domestic
Demand: A Comment on A Priori Assumptions” by Tomoari MATSUNAGA (Yokohama
National University), and “What Comes after High-Speed Growth?” by Haruhito
TAKEDA (The University of Tokyo).
In the fourth paper, Koji SANO aims to reveal that the Korean economy, with
development of globalization, has transformed from a “state economy-oriented
export-led growth model economy” into a “globalization-oriented export-led growthmodel economy” and to analyze its significance and limitations. Firstly, Korea’s growthmodel in the mid-1960s through mid-1990s period can be defined as a “state
economy-oriented export-led growth model economy,” in which Korea depended onJapan and the United States for its capital, technology, capital goods and intermediate
goods, and assembled labor-intensive products by use of its low-cost but good quality
labor, and exported finished products to the U.S. market. Japan was its model that wasaggressively formed by exploiting the environments of economical, international
politics, and historical conditions, such as the Cold War, the Vietnam War, and the Plaza
Accord. Secondly, with the Asian Currency Crisis in 1997 as the turning point, in theprocess of the prolonged and vigorously executed new liberalism-based structuralreforms, Korea sought to break away from the “Japan model” and realized a“globalization-oriented export-led growth model economy.” This is a “growth model inwhich Korea’s global procurement is carried out mainly by zaibatsu or financial
combine groups, while importing from Japan high value-added components, core
capital goods, and intermediate goods, and exporting finished and intermediate products
to the U.S., EU, and developing countries.” This model, as seen in the V-shaped
economy recovery process from the post-2008 global financial crisis, presents
toughness in globalization. Thirdly, this growth model is susceptible to the influence of
the world economy, and has instability and vulnerability in trade and finance. Korea’s
domestic demand has long been stagnated, slowing down the economic growth rate,
which can be attributed to a weak trickle-down effect, where good achievements oflarge businesses are not reflected on wages or family finances. An expanding low-wage
worker class and widening income gaps especially in temporary-working and small
self-employed working classes are currently a serious issue. Furthermore, Korea has
many pressing issues, such as the monopolization by zaibatsu or financial combine
groups, etc., which results in distorting the economy and it is assessed that it should not56

be the growth model which Japan should aim for.
3. The Conferences in 2013
The Spring Conference of the Society was held on 29 June 2013 at the Universityof Tokyo with a symposium entitled “The Historical Process of ‘Development’ in the
Tohoku Region: With special reference to the International Opportunity”. Following the
introductory presentation by Takenori MATSUMOTO (The University of Tokyo), four
papers were presented: The Policy for Military Horses and the Horse Production in the
Tohoku Region: The Formation of the Industrial Structure as Dependent on the State
Capital” by Masatoshi OTAKI (Kyoto University), “Population Issues and the Tohoku
Region: ‘Development’ in the Tohoku Region from wartime to the postwar period of
WWⅡ” by Atsushi KAWAUCHI (The Network of Historical Documents), “Policies ofElectrical Power and Manufacturing Districts in the Tohoku Region in Japan’s
high-growth Era” by Mitsuo YAMAKAWA (Teikyo University), and “Network and Growthof Industrial Structure in the Tohoku Region” by Ichiro SAKATA (The University ofTokyo).
The Autumn Conference was held at Shimonoseki City University on 19-20
October 2013 and consisted of five panel discussions and 21 seminar sessions, as well
as a symposium entitled “Vocational Ability and Education: Dialogue between
Economic History and Pedagogy”. The papers read at the symposium were as follows:“Preface” by Hiroshi ICHIMURA (Dokkyo University), “The Development of Policies on
the Training of Skilled Workers in the Latter 1930s” by Minoru SAWAI (Osaka
University), “Substitutability and Complementarity between Yoseiko and High-School
Graduate Workers during Japan’s High-Growth Era” by Takahiro OBA (Sapporo Gakuin
University), and “Reexamining the Social Context of the 1970s Policy Shift Regarding
High School” by Yuki Honda and Takaaki TSUTSUMI (The University of Tokyo). Twocomments followed: “Constructing the Links between Education and Work in France”
by Noriko MATSUDA (Shizuoka University) and “School and Work in Japan and theUSA: A Reflection from Comparative Study of Employment System” by Teiichi
SEKIGUCHI (Chuo University).
The followings are the summaries of the main papers read at the Conference(cited from The Journal of Political Economy and Economic History, no. 223, April
2014, pp. 79-80).
In the first paper, Minoru SAWAI examines the policies on the training of skilledworkers in Japan in the latter 1930s. With the rapid expansion of the machine and metalindustries in the reflation era that followed the Manchurian Incident of 1931, the57

shortage of skilled workers became a focus of Japanese industrial policy-making. The
anticipated explosion in demand for skilled workers and mechanics spurred discussion
about bridging the gap between the demand and supply of skilled workers throughtraining not only of apprentices in the factories but also of graduates of technicalschools and national, public, and private training institutes (as distinct from in-housetraining at private firms). This essay examines the process by which training policies
were developed by the following government ministries: the Ministry of Education(responsible for school-based education), the Ministry of Commerce and Industry(responsible for training measures developed in conjunction with private firms), and theMinistry of Welfare, established in 1938 from what had been sections of the Home
Ministry (responsible for allocating human resources/labor force). National and publictraining institutes for mechanics enjoyed popularity because they offered a one-year
schooling period before the start of work rather than on-the-job training. Youngcandidates for skilled workers appreciated going to the “schools” that distinguishedthem from factory apprentices. In this sense, school-consciousness persisted evenduring the war years.
The second paper by Takahiro OBA aims to clarify the ways in which yoseiko andhigh-school graduate workers were “substitutable” and “complementary” with eachother during Japan's high-growth era of the mid-1950s to early 1970s, and to explain
why this relationship developed. “Yoseiko” in this article are defined as “junior-highschool graduates undergoing training in corporate apprenticeship schools and those who
had already completed 3 or 4 years of such training.” In particular, I address thefollowing questions: (1) Why did high-school graduate workers take the place of
yoseiko in the steel industry? (2) Why did junior-high school graduates continue to be
trained as yoseiko in the automotive industry? According to the personnel management
officers of Yawata Iron & Steel, Kobe Steel, and NKK, the three companies began toemploy high school graduates to work with new technology, equipment and machineryin the late 1950s and 1960s, whereupon they stopped training junior-high school
graduates and shut down the apprenticeship schools. In other words, the adoption of
new technology, equipment and machinery decreased the value and need for the highly
skilled manual laborers on whom the companies had hitherto relied, causing the steel
companies to substitute high-school graduate workers for yoseiko. At this stage, there
was “substitutability” between yoseiko and high school graduate workers in the steel
industry. During the same period, however, Toyota Motor and Denso continued to
employ yoseiko and to train them to become highly skilled workers. According to theassignment data of Toyota Motor and Denso, yoseiko were assigned to the machine tool,58

prototype development, and maintenance sections, while other workers, including highschool graduates, worked on factory production lines. That is, Toyota Motor and Denso
placed a high value on skilled workers and practiced a division of labor in theircompanies. In other words, yoseiko and high-school graduate workers playedcomplementary roles in the automotive industry. This paper demonstrates that therelative value and need for highly skilled workers is responsible for the “substitutability”
between yoseiko and high-school graduate workers in the steel industry and their“complementarity” in the automotive industry in Japan’s high-growth era.
In the third paper, Yuki HONDA and Takaaki TSUTSUMI reconsider the social context
of the 1970s policy shift regarding high school in Japan. Since the 1970s, Japan’s
high-school system has been characterized by a lack of institutional diversity, or in otherwords by an oversupply of general studies programs and undersupply of vocational
programs. This paper reexamines the social context of the 1970s policy shift andproposes an alternative to the dominant view that the striking decline of high-school
vocational courses in the 1970s and 1980s was the inevitable result of their dysfunctions.
In the 1960s, Japan’s educational policy-makers pursued the institutional diversificationof high schools in response both to the high demand for trained manpower indeveloping industries and to the increase in the proportion of students advancing to highschool. Around 1970, however, educational policy made an about-face, depreciating
vocational programs and promoting the flexible and individualized approach of generalcoursework. One possible explanation for this abrupt change in policy is that just when
the Japanese government was facing serious financial challenges following the oil shockin 1973, it was also confronted with the need to establish more and more high schools,
especially in metropolitan areas which had seen significant population increases during
the high-growth years of the 1960s. The only way to reconcile these conflicting
circumstances was to establish general studies programs, the construction and operationof which were far cheaper than those of vocational courses. Another possible factor was
the demand for general-studies high schools by members of the upper and middle
classes, including government officials, teachers and academics, who most highly
valued the path to university and white-collar careers. These factors together served tocounteract and overwhelm the demand for vocational education that persisted fromsmall and medium-size enterprises and from families that expected their children to takestable jobs after graduating high school. The result was the establishment of vertical
diversification among schools and among students within general courses and the steadydecline of the relevance of high-school education to occupational training. This paper
suggests the need for a thorough reconsideration of Japan’s high-school policies, both59

past and present.
4. Present Stage and Future Prospects of the Society
The Political Economy and Economic History Society, today, with its nearly 900
members, promotes academic studies from three points of view: an interdisciplinary
standpoint, with contemporary interests and a critical approach. From these points ofview, the Society held the Spring Conference in June 2014 on “Exploration of theoutbreak of World WarⅠ: The collapse of the international division of labor”. The
Autumn Conference was held in October 2014 at Aoyama Gakuin University, with asymposium titled “What is the Middle Class?: Comparison between Developed andEmerging Countries”.
The Society also took part in international academic exchange: this Society, incollaboration with other academic societies, took part in the 18th World Economic
History Congress in Kyoto on July and August 2015, and played an active role inenriching international academic relations worldwide. Through its activities, the Society
shall develop a network for the scholars of economic history, political economy andagrarian issues globally.
(Toshihiko IWAMA, Tokyo Metropolitan University)

60THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF PUBLIC UTILITY ECONOMICS
1. Organization and Purpose
The Japan Society of Public Utility Economics was founded in 1949, and has
steadily conducted its activities over 67 years since its foundation. As of April 2016, theSociety is made up of 372 individual members and 52 institutional members under apresident and two vice-presidents with tenure of two years. The affairs of the Society
are managed by the president, vice-presidents, a board of managing directors, a board oftrustees and a secretary-general.
The Society has operated four regional sections, Kanto, Kansai,
Hokkaido-Tohoku and Kyushu. The Kanto and Kansai sections were firstly establishedin 1975, and then the Hokkaido-Tohoku section was born in 1992. In 2007 the Kyushu
section was separated from the Kansai and operated independently. However, it wasclosed in 2016 because of the difficulties of maintaining certain number of members,
and merged finally into the Kansai section.
The purpose of the Society is to foster professional research and investigations on
public utilities from economic, political and technical points of views, and to analyze
the actual markets of infrastructure and public service. The concrete analysis is focusing
on electricity and gas, water and sewerage, railways and buses, airlines and airports,
telecommunications, broadcasting and postal services etc. The activities of the Society
are to attain healthy development of public utilities and thus contribute to publicwelfare.
2. Academic Activities: Conferences and Journals
An academic annual conference has been held every year in June since theestablishment of the Society. The main themes from 2010 to 2016 are shown below.
Each conference comprises a symposium and panel discussion related to the main theme.
It is useful to express and exchange opinions between our members and guests and toprovide significant implications for making policy designs.
＊60th Annual Conference, Hokkai Gakuen University, Sapporo, June 2010.
Public Utilities in the Period of Decentralization＊61st Annual Conference, Nihon University, Tokyo, June 2011.
Overseas Expansion of Public Utilities: Constructing Infrastructures to WithstandDisaster61＊62nd Annual Conference, Doshisha University, Kyoto, June 2012.
Recovery from the East Japan Earthquake and Issues of Public Utilities: Rebuildingof Social Infrastructure＊63rd Annual Conference, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, June 2013.
Revitalization of Regional Economy and the Role of Public Utilities＊64th Annual Conference, Komazawa University, Tokyo, June 2014.
Smarter Society and Public Utilities＊65th Annual Conference, University of Hyogo, Kobe, June 2015.
Fairness and Efficiency of Public Utilities＊66th Annual Conference, Rissho University, Tokyo, June 2016.
Sustainability of Public Utilities
Chair: Fumitoshi MIZUTANI (Kobe University)
Keynote speech: Seiji ABE (Kansai University)
Moderator: Kiyoshi NISHIMURA (Kansai Electric Power Company)
Panelist: Hiroshi YAMAMOTO (Otsu City Public Enterprise Bureau)
Kazuo DOBASHI (The Conference of LP Gas Associated Organizations)
Yosaku FUJI (Kansai Electric Power Company)
Munenori NOMURA (Kwansei Gakuin University)
Masahiro MARUYAMA (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry)＊67th Annual Conference, Kindai University, Osaka, June 2017.
One of the main activities of the Society is to publish the Journal of Public Utility
Economics, which is issued three times a year (formerly four times until 2011). The
contents include minutes of the symposium and panel discussions of annual conferences,
articles examined rigorously by referees, book reviews and activity records of regional
sections etc. The Society has also an award system, under which it annually grants
Academic Awards and Incentive Awards to excellent books written by relatively young
members.
3. Special Research Activities
62After the East Japan Earthquake 2011, the Society established two study groups inorder to investigate energy policies and pursue strategic solutions for energy markets.
One is the Electric Power Study Group; its convener is Hirotaka YAMAUCHI (Hitotsubashi
University). The other is the Gas Study Group; its convener is Haruo ISHII (ToyoUniversity). An open symposium and panel discussions consisting of our groupmembers and non-member guests have been held four times as shown below.
＊Reconstruction of Energy Industries in the Transitional Period for Paradigm, Keio
University, Tokyo, 29th February 2012.
＊Points of Electricity Reform and Theoretical Verification, Keio University, Tokyo,
19th March 2013.
＊Perspectives and Issues for Market Reform of Gas Industry, Nihon University, Tokyo,
18th March, 2014.
＊Reform of Electricity Industry System and Optimum Energy Mix, Nihon University,
Tokyo, 29th March, 2016.
4. Publishing Books of Energy Sectors
The Electric Power Study Group managed to publish two academic books in 2015
by collaboration with the International Environment and Economic Institute. They arecooperative performances produced by academia, utilities and think-tank researchers.
＊Hirotaka YAMAUCHI and Akihiro SAWA, Verification of Electricity System Reform:
Open Discussion and Option for the Nation, Hakutou Shobo, 2015.
This book consists of seven chapters by twelve authors shown as below. The
contents are related to Policy Studies implemented by the Electric Power Study Group.
As it covers both theoretical explanations and empirical evidence for electricity market
reforms, it is easier for policy makers and students to obtain some detailed information
about energy reforms.
Chap. 1 Discussion for Electricity System Reform
Chap. 2 What is Unbundling: Separation of Generation from Transmission
Chap. 3 What is the Perfect Liberalization of Retail Supply Market?
63

Chap. 4 Ensuring Supply Volume and Capacity Market
Chap. 5 Ideas and Facts of Energy Policy in Germany
Chap. 6 New Technologies of Electricity and their Mechanism
Chap. 7 Nuclear Power and System Reform
Kiyoshi NISHIMURA (Kansai Electric Power Company, Waseda University)
Hideki IDE (Keio University)
Masayuki YAJIMA (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry)
Mika GOTO (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Naoki TODA (Tokyo Electric Power Company)
Hiroshi OKAMOTO (Tokyo Electric Power Company)
Tsuruhiko NANBU (Gakushuin University)
Toru HATTORI (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry)
Munenori NOMURA (Kwansei Gakuin University)
Junichi OGASAWARA (The Institute of Energy Economics)
Sumiko TAKEUCHI (International Environment and Economic Institute)
Akihiro SAWA (International Environment and Economic Institute)＊The Electric Power Study Group of the Japan Society of Public Utility Economics
and International Environment and Economic Institute (eds.), Complete Understandingof Electricity System Reform: Key Words 360, Denki Shimbun, 2015.
This book consists of seven chapters and one appendix by twelve authors shown
as below. The contents are included essential concepts of Electric Power Industry anddescribed by simple explanations such as dictionary. It is convenient to understand thewhole shape of electricity liberalization and the crucial points of the regulatory scheme.
Chap. 1 Direction of Electric Power Industry after Electricity System Reform
Chap. 2 Institutional Designs of Electricity System Reform
Chap. 3 Perfect Liberalization of Retail Supply Market
Chap. 4 Facts and Issues of Renewable Energy
Chap. 5 Mechanism for Stable Supply
Chap. 6 Electricity Liberalization in Foreign Countries
Chap. 7 Changing Figure of Electric Power Industry
Appendix Basic Key Words

64

Naoki TATSUMI, Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC
Tetsuya KUWAHARA, Kanden Energy Solution
Masahiro MARUYAMA, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Shinichi KUSANAGI, University of Hyogo
Kiyoshi NISHIMURA, Kansai Electric Power Company
Toru HATTORI, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Hisanori GOTO, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Naoki TODA, Tokyo Electric Power Company
Sumiko TAKEUCHI, International Environment and Economic InstituteKenji ASANO, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Junichi OGASAWARA, The Institute of Energy Economics
Takeshi ITO, Accenture Strategy
5. Sustainable Devices for Future
The Society faces the problem that the candidates to make presentations inacademic annual conference are decreasing. In addition, the number of persons to write
articles in the periodical journal is also declining gradually. It is important for us to givethe chance for younger academic members to support their research conditions. The
Kansai section has tried to promote a research group meeting from 2014. It is a
facilitating device by which younger members can take a chance to express theiropinions and make drafts for the academic annual conference.
＊1st research group meeting, 17th October 2014, Umeda Sky Building, Osaka＊2nd research group meeting, 18th December 2014, Osaka University of Commerce,
Curio-City, Grand Front Osaka, Osaka＊3rd research group meeting, 9th March 2015, Osaka University of Commerce,
Curio-City, Grand Front Osaka, Osaka＊4th research group meeting, 30th March 2016, Osaka University of Commerce,
Curio-City, Grand Front Osaka, Osaka(Munenori NOMURA, Kwansei Gakuin University))

65

JAPAN RISK MANAGEMENT SOCIETY
Introduction
In this paper, firstly we introduce the activity of the Japan Risk Management
Society (JARMS). Secondly we point out the trends and the direction of the research on
risk management as a background of the activity of JARMS. Thirdly and as an annex
we sum up traditional theories of risk management which members of JARMS utilize asa basis.
1. Outline and History of JARMS
1.1. Roots and Background of Academic Research on Risk Management
Before examining trends in academic research on risk management based on theactivity of JARMS, we summarize the origin and background of this field as follows.
Table 1: Roots of risk management and its academic research
Roots of risk management
1. “Risikopolitik” by enterprises in Germany in 1920s.
2. “Insurance management” as one of the survival strategies by firms in the U.S.A. in the
1930s under the Great Depression.
3. “Crisis management” seen in the Cuba Crisis in 1962.
Roots of academic research on risk management
1. «Security Function» in Administration Générale et Industrielle by Henri FAYOL in
1918.
2. “Risk Management: New Phase of Cost Control” by Russell B. GALLAGHER in Harvard
Business Review, vol. 34, no. 5 in 1956.
3. Introduction of risk management theory of the U.S.A. into Japan in the 1960s.
4. Foundation of JARMS in 1978
5.Publication of Risk Management Frameworks like Enterprise Risk Management(ERM) by COSO (2004) and ISO 31000: Risk management – Principles andguidelines (2009)
Table 2: Matters relating to risk management in Japan
1. IJPC (Iran Japan Petrochemical) project, made difficult by the Iran-Iraq War in 1980
- Consciousness of speculative risk 2. Glico-Morinaga affair in 1984-1985
66

-

Consciousness of risks against firms like kidnapping of president and blackmailwith poisoning of products 3. The Great Hanshin Earthquake destroyed the city of Kobe on January 17th, 1995.
- The first earthquake that hit a modern big city like Kobe 4. The Sarin nerve-gas attack on the Tokyo subway system by Aum Shinrikyo on March
20th, 1995.
- The first terrorist attack with chemical material in a modern big city like Tokyo 5. The terrorist attack in the U.S.A. on September 11th, 2001.
- Consciousness of terrorists’ attack and of risk and security management abroad 6. Corporate scandals such as Snow Brand affair in 2000 and 2002.
-

Concepts like internal control, corporate governance and compliance from theviewpoint of risk management 7. The Great East Japan Earthquake, Tsunami and Incident in Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Plant on March 11th, 2011.
-

The first combination of big catastrophes. Consciousness of the worst scenario –1.2. Outline of JARMS
In 2013, the Japan Risk Management Society (JARMS) saw the 35th anniversaryof its founding. This society is the first academic association on risk management inJapan. In 2018, JARMS will celebrate its 40th anniversary of foundation.
In 1978, 29 scholars had a meeting at Kansai University, Osaka and on thatoccasion JARMS was founded. Since then, JARMS has hosted 36 national conferences
and more than 100 local conferences. During this time, JARMS has contributed
significantly to the academic development and practical application of risk and crisis
management in Japan as well as abroad.
In November 1984, JARMS was officially recognized as a registered academic
association under Article 18 of the Japanese Academic Council Law. In October 1992,
JARMS entered the Union of National Economics Associations in Japan. In 2007
JARMS became a member of the Japan Federation of Management-Related Academies(JFMRA, http://www.jfmra.org/).
The characteristics of the approach of JARMS are as follows:-

As the oldest academic association in Japan on risk management, JARMS respects aclassical theory like insurance management.

-

JARMS introduced “speculative risk” into the field of risk management already inthe 1970s.

-

JARMS adopts by interdisciplinary approach.
67

-

JARMS’ approach is practical, having not only academicians but also many businessperson as members.

-

JARMS is not satisfied with research on risks only. JARMS emphasizes“management” of risk. Thus JARMS members work on how we “manage” risks bychoosing and deciding risk treatment alternatives.

-

Having no economic connection with any particular enterprises, JARMS dares tocriticize or make a proposal, if necessary, to government or firms, etc.

-

JARMS works on not only economical or physical risks but also human and mental
ones. As examples, JARMS has proposed concepts like “managers’ risk”, “mental
health risk management” or “social risk management”.

-

As “shinise” (an old established shop) on academic research on risk management,
JARMS is “small but brilliant” in contributing to society.

1.3. Annual National Conference
Every year, JARMS holds an annual national conference and two or three local
conferences.
As an example, the 26th Annual National Conference of JARMS was held at
Hakuoh University in September 2002 to discuss risk management after the terrorist
attack on September 11 in the previous year. Following the increase of corporate crimeand insincerity, on the first day of the Conference, members discussed gigantic
corporations and risk management. Having seen the bad management and bankruptcy of
big corporations not only in Japan but also in the United States, reliable corporate
governance systems were pursued in the discussion. On the second day of theConference, members discussed the airline industry and risk management. Following
the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, the problems of airline insurance and theairline industry itself were discussed.
To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the theory, “General and Industrial
Administration” by Henri FAYOL and also to pay tribute to the memory of the founder,
Dr. Toshiaki KAMEI who passed away on the 14th of January 2016, JARMS held the40th Annual National Conference of JARMS. The members gathered at newly opened
Umeda Campus of Kansai University.
Following are the general themes adopted in each national conference and thenames of the host universities.
Table 3: National Conferences of JARMS
No.

Year

Host University

General Theme of the National Conference
68

1st

1979

Doshisha University

2nd

1980

Hiroshima University

3rd

1981

Kansai University

Direction of Risk Management Study in
Japan

4th

1982

Osaka University of
Economics

Internationalization and Risk Management

5th

September
1983

Tokyo Prefectural
College ofRelation between Financial Management
and Risk Management

Commerce
6th

September
1984

Momoyama Gakuin
University

Function and Limit of InsuranceManagement

7th

September
1985

Tohoku Gakuin
University

Business and Risk Management Towards
21st Century

8th

September
1986

Konan University

Ideal Family Risk Management

9th

September
1987

Komazawa University

Speculative Risk and Risk Management

10th

September
1988

Kobe University ofCommerce

Choice of Risk Treatment Tool

11th

September
1989

Aichi Gakusen
University

Business Administration and Risk
Management

12th

September
1990

Kyushu International
University

Ideal International Crisis Management

13th

September
1991

Kansai University

Change and Perspective of RM

14th

September

Okayama University

Risk Management Consulting

1992

of Commerce

1. Non-Life Insurance Agents and RM
2. Business Consultants and RM

15th

September
1993

Senshu University

Future Image of Risk Management

16th

September
1994

Shimonoseki City
University

1. Economic System Transformation andRisk Management
2. Bankruptcy and Risk Management

17th

September
1995

Tezukayama
University

1. Risk Management under Imperfect
Information
2. Corporate Disaster and Risk
69

Management
18th

September
1996

Aichi Gakusen
University

1. Deregulation and Risk Management
2. Revision of Insurance Business Law and
Risk Management

19th

September
1997

Waseda University

1. Ideal Risk and Crisis Management
2. Risk Management in Foreign Countries

20th

January
1998

Kansai University

Uneasy Situation of Insurance andFinancial Business and Risk Management

21st

September
1998

Hakuoh University

Legal Risk Management

22nd September
1999

TohokuFukushi University

1. Risk Management and Counseling

23rd

Septemeber
2000

Osaka
City University

Strategic Risk Management
1. Environmental Problems and RM
2. Start up of Firms and Risk Mangement

24th

March 2001

Kansai University

Risk Management in the 21st Century

25th

September

Hiroshima Shudo

Corporate Governance and Risk

2001

University

Management

26th

September
2002

Hakuoh University

1. Gigantic Firms and Risk Management
2. Airline Industry and Risk Management

27th

September
2003

Osaka University ofCommerce

1. Corporate Value Improvement and Risk
Management
2. IT and Risk Management

28th

September
2004

Shimonoseki City
University

1. Natural Disasters and Risk Management
2. Crisis Management – Lessons fromHistory

29th

September
2005

Chiba University ofCommerce

1. CSR and Risk Management
2. Character of Managers and Risk
Management

30th

September
2006

Osaka City University

1. Nonpayment of Insurance Claims andRisk Management
2. New Corporate Law and Risk
Management

31st

September
2007

Senshu University

Role of Risk Management in Modern
Enterprises

2. Aging problems and RM

1. Role of Risk Management in General70Enterprises
2. Role of Risk Management in Insurance
Company
32nd September
2008

Okayama Universityof Commerce

Business Ethics and Risk Management

33rd

September
2009

Tohoku Fukushi
University

Employment and Risk Management

34th

September

Kansai University,

Modern Society and Risk Management

2010

Faculty of Safety
Science

1. Mental Health from the Viewpoint of
Risk Management – Reconsideration of
Mental Risk Management
2. Security of Children from the Viewpointof Risk Management – Reconsideration ofCommunity and Risk Management

35th

September
2011

Shiraume Gakuen
University

The Great East Japan Earthquake and Risk
Management

36th

September

Shokei University

Reconsideration of Disaster Prevention

2012

Type Risk Management

37th

September
2013

Kansai University,
Senriyama Campus

Trends on Risk Management Research-35 years’ Research on Risk Management
by JARMS

39th

September
2015

German Institute ofJapanese Studies

100 Years of Risikopolitik – Risk Paradox

October
2016

Kansai University,
Umeda Campus

100th Anniversary of Risk Management
Theory– 100 Years of Security Function by Henri

40th

─

FAYOL1.4. Journal of JARMS, Risk and Management
JARMS publishes a journal called Risk and Management (Kiken to Kanri).
From No. 13 in 1985, this journal changed its style into a real book. Its colorful
appearance is outstanding compared wiht other academic journals in Japan. The
renewed journal of JARMS is called JARMS Report. JARMS Report No. 1 corresponds
to Risk and Management No. 13 and thus the latest issue JARMS Report No. 35
corresponds to Risk and Management No. 47.
Following are the titles of JARMS Report published since 1985.
71

Table 4: Journal of JARMS, Risk and Management (JARMS Report)
No. of JARMS
Report/No. of Risk andManagement

Month andYear of
Publication

No.1/No.13

March 1985

Function and Scope of Insurance Management

No.2/No.14

March 1986

Criminal Risks of Business and Risk
Management

No.3/No.15

March 1987

Modern Society and Risk Management

No.4/No.16

March 1988

Glossary of Risk Management Terms

No.5/No.17

March 1989

Selection of the Risk Treatment Device

No.6/No.18

March 1990

Business Management and Risk Management

No.7/No.19

March 1991

Internationalization of Risk Management

No.8/No.20

March 1992

History and Future of Risk Management

No.9/No.21

March 1993

Business Consultant and Risk Management

No.10/No.22

March 1994

Prospects of Risk Management

No.11/No.23

March 1995

Bankruptcy and Risk Management

No.12/No.24

March 1996

Corporate Disaster and Risk Management

No.13/No.25

October 1996

Risk Management Advisors and Consultants in
Crisis Management

No.14/No.26

March 1997

Deregulation and Risk Management

No.15/No.27

October 1997

Management Strategy and Risk Management

No.16/No.28

March 1998

Risk Management of Foreign Countries

No.17/No.29

September
1998

Uneasy Situation of Insurance and Financial
Business and Risk Management

No.18/No.30

March 1999

Legal Risk Management

No.19/No.31

March 2000

Aging Society and Risk Manaement

No.20/No.32

March 2001

Risk Management of New Business and Family
Risk Management

No.21/No.33

March 2002

Corporate Governance and Risk Management

No.22/No.34

March 2003

Gigantic Firms and Risk Management

No.23/No.35

March 2004

Corporate Value Improvement・IT and Risk
Management

No.24/No.36

March 2005

Natural Disaster and Risk Management

No.25/No.37

March 2006

CSR and Risk Management72No.26/No.38

March 2007

Nonpayment of Insurance Claims and Risk
Management

No.27/No.39

March 2008

Role of Risk Management in Modern Enterprises
Special Edition 30th Anniversary 1978-2008

No.28/No.40

March 2009

Business Ethics and Risk Management

No.29/No.41

March 2010

Employment and Risk Management

No.30/No.42

March 2011

Modern Society and Risk Management

No.31/No.43

March 2012

The Great East Japan Earthquake and Risk
Management

No.32/No.44

March 2013

Reconsideration of Disaster Prevention Type
Risk Management

No.33/No.45

March 2014

History of Risk Management Research, Special
Edition 35th Anniversary

No.34/No.46

March 2015

Crisis Breakthrough and Risk Management

No.35/No.47

May 2016

100 Years of Risikopolitik –Risk Paradox-

1.5. WEBJARMS
In November 1996, JARMS opened its Web site, WEBJARMS. WEBJARMS is
one of the first Web sites created by an academic association of social science. The firstversion of WEBJARMS was created in November 1996 through the internet server
NACSIS of the Ministry of Education.
In
March
1999,
the
secondversionof
WEBJARMS(http://homepage3.nifty.com/jarms/) was created through internet server of Nifty, thelargest internet supplier in Japan. In 2009 after the fundamental renewal, the third
version of WEBJARMS was open through the internet server of the Ministry of
Education again.
In March 2012 the internet server service for academic associations by the
Ministry of Education stopped operation. Thus, the fourth version of WEBJARMS has
been open at the following URL since April 2012: http://www.jarms.jp/
1.6. International Exchange
JARMS has connections with academic associations in Korea such as the Korea
Risk Management Society and also with those in Taiwan such as the Taiwan Risk
Management Society. JARMS exchanges guest speakers at meetings almost every
year.
Recently JARMS invited some scholars from Europe such as Dr. Franz
73

WALDENBERGER of Munich University, Germany or Dr. Olivier TORRÉS of Montpellier
University, France.
International exchange has become intense these years. In September 2013,
JARMS held jointly with French Embassy a conference on “New Risk and SME”. M.
MASSET, Ambassador of France in Japan came to Senriyama Campus, Kansai University
to participate in all the parts of this event with the rest of the French delegation. In
November 2014, JARMS held jointly an AMAROK “Conference on Health of SME
Managers” by inviting Professor TORRÉS. In September 2015 JARMS co-organized its
39th National Conference with the German Institute of Japanese Studies at thisinstitution in Tokyo.
These kinds of academic exchange will contribute to sharing each country’s
valuable information on risk management issues.
2. Trends on Risk Management Research
The fundamental task of risk management study, research and implementation is
to manage the variety of risks that have the potential to affect individuals, organizations,business and other entities.
Because risk management is such a fundamental factor in the process of decision
making, the process of risk control and risk finance can be affected from time to timeby the environment in which such decisions are made. In other words, circumstances atdifferent times are bound to produce new risks. As a result, the risk manager must
estimate and, as accurately as possible, predict such changes of environment and use
their best endeavors to minimize the losses suffered by entities that face such risks.
Considering that broadly speaking, the community at large became aware of andsensitized to risk management concepts and issues in the beginning of 21st century, it ispossible to identify some particular circumstances that illustrate the contemporary risk
management approaches and policy. (From Kazuo UEDA, “JAPAN RISKMANAGEMENT SOCIETY” Information Bulletin of the Union of National Economic
Associations in Japan, No. 18, 1998, p. 74-p. 75.)
Dr. Kazuo UEDA mentioned, in 1998, the following three topics as trends of risk
management issue.
- Catastrophic events that cause destruction and loss (e.g. the Great Hanshin
Earthquake in 1995 and the poison gas incident caused by the Aum cult in1995).
- The reform of the Japanese financial system – the so-called “Japanese Big
Bang”.
74-The occurrence of, and resultant erosion of consumer confidence by,bankruptcies within the banking, securities and life insurance sectors of theJapanese economy.

Fifteen years have passed since 1998. Besides those three topics mentioned by
Dr.UEDA in 1998, now we can identify another five topics under the circumstances up
to 2013.
(1) Problems relating to mental health(2) Linkage with various concepts such as business ethics, corporate governance,internal control, CSR (corporate social responsibility) and compliance.
(3) Consciousness of terrorist’ attack after September 11, 2001 again with suchmatters as in Algeria in January 2013.
(4) Financial risk management after the collapse of an economic bubble in the
1990s and the Lehman Shock in 2008.
(5) Consciousness of the worst scenario of natural disasters and industrial accidents
post-March 2011.
3.1. Problems relating to mental health
Under the depression of the Japanese economy, lots of people feel uneasy. Lotsof company employees are suffering from restructuring policies and reduction ofincome, etc. People are depressed and irritated. The increase of the suicide of
middle-aged persons, unemployment, atrocious crimes and juvenile delinquencies have
led to the introduction of a psychological approach to risk management study.
JARMS members established a concept of Crisis Management Counseling in
1999, thus introducing psychology and counseling into risk management. Thus familyrisk management is broadened, from mere treatment of investment and life insurance,
to a management science of mental health and crisis.
In 2000, JARMS founded the Family Crisis Management Society in order tofocus on the discussion concerning the problems such as family crisis, mental health of
employees and managers, and juvenile delinquencies.
The Family Crisisi Management Society was later changed to the Risk
Professional Society. Now it has become the Social Risk Management Society.
3.2. Business Ethics and Corporate GovernanceIn 2000, Snow Brand Milk caused a food poisoning epidemic, and it was
revealed that Mitsubishi Motors Corp. had concealed information on its defective cars.
In 2002, it was revealed that Snow Brand Foods had replaced its product labels to turn75

cheap beef into expensive beef. Similar corporate crimes were continuously revealed.
Corporate insincerity and lack of awareness of crisis management are accusednationwide each time this kind of incident is revealed.
Besides these kinds of corporate insincerity, the situation where Japanese banks
still remain unstable, the increase of bankruptcy of big firms such as Sogo madeconsumers lose their faith in Japanese industry and managers.
Under these circumstances, JARMS chose Corporate Governance and Risk
Management as the general theme of its 25th annual conference at Hiroshima Shudo
University in 2001. Members discussed the ideal corporate governance to prevent
corporate insincerity, crime, and bad management caused by managers’ fault.
This topic is still one of the most important problems of corporate risk
management. Thus on various occasions, JARMS continues to focus on the proposal ofa better corporate risk management system as a means of corporate governance.
JARMS has the advantage to have traditionally pointed out incompetence of managers
as a main cause of bad management (managers’ risk) based on the theory of the founder,
Dr. Toshiaki KAMEI.
3.3. National Crisis Management after September 11, 2001
Horrific terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001 and inAlgeria in 2013 overthrew the common sense of national security and that of security
management abroad. These incredible incidents made clear the necessity to be more
conscious of crisis management at both the national level and the individual level. Alsothese incidents led to problems for the airline industry and non-life insurance.
Conclusion - Contemporary trends in risk management To conclude, we would like to list up contemporary trends in risk management
besides the three topics mentioned above. Thus the following are research directions inrisk management study.
1. Necessity to be conscious of the “worst scenario” post-March 11.
2. Paradigm shift in risk management (1) - from management of pure risks tomanagement of all risks containing speculative risk
3. Paradigm shift in risk management (2) - not only financial and material risk
management but also human and mental risk management
4. Development of risk management as an application for business administration andstrategy
5. Combination with various concepts of management such as promotion of corporate76

value, corporate governance, business ethics, internal control, corporate social
responsibility, compliance, environmental management, etc.
6. Publication of framework models of risk management such as ERM(2004) and ISO
31000 (2009).
7. Standardization of risk management such as AS/NZS 4360: 1999 Risk Management
and ISO 31000 (2009).
Figure 1: Risk Management Process by ISO 31000 (2009)

Establishing the context

Risk identification
Risk analysis
Risk evaluation

Monitoring and review

Communication and consultation

Risk assessment

Risk treatment

8. Development of risk information disclosure as a means of risk communication bybusiness firms: role of communication

77

Figure 2: Business Risk Information Disclosure as a means of risk communication(a) Internal Communication(Top Management←→Middle Management(b) External Communication(Enterprise←→Stakeholder: stockholder,investor, consumer, community）←→Lower Management, Genba）↓ Risk Information Disclosure① Communication to understand risk surrounding enterprise→Mutual
understanding about the situation on risks② Communication to understand how to handle risks:→Mutual understanding about the risk treatment
1. Organization of risk management function: role of coordination- type 1: risk management at top management level:1) coordination between top management level risk management andfunctional level risk management2) basis of crisis management committee in emergency-

type 2: risk management in each function

Figure 3: Organization of risk management function

Top
Management

RM
Risk Management Committee
Coordination

betweenTop

Management Level RM andFunctional Level RM

Production

Marketing

Human Resources

Function

Function

Function

RM

RM

RM

2. Social Risk Management: in modern times we see risk being gigantic, global,
diversified and social. For example the possibility of another great earthquake in Japaninfluences all parts of Japanese society. In order to face such social risk, various risk
78

management approaches must cooperate together. That is to say personal risk
management (RM), family RM, community RM, local government RM, business RM,
school RM, governmental RM should be linked to cope with social risk.
With all the activity mentioned and introduced in this paper, the Japan Risk
Management Society, JARMS, is contributing much to the academic development andpractical application of risk management in Japan.
References:
Toshiaki KAMEI “The Nature and Classifications of Risk Management” Kansai
University Review of Economics and Business, Vol. 19, No. 1-No. 2, March 1991.
Kazuo UEDA, “JAPAN RISK MANAGEMENT SOCIETY” Information Bulletin of theUnion of National Economic Associations in Japan, No.18, 1998.
Katsuyuki KAMEI, “JAPAN RISK MANAGEMENT SOCIETY” Information Bulletin of
the Union of National Economic Associations in Japan, No.22, 2002.
Annex: Main Framework of Risk Management theory
Members of JARMS approach Risk Management from various points of view andfields such as business administration, finance, accounting, marketing, strategy,
insurance, economics, psychology, philosophy, history, etc. Whatever background they
have, members of JARMS refer to the authorized Risk Management doctrine of Dr.
Toshiaki KAMEI, founder of JARMS and pioneer of Risk Management science in Japan.
Here are the main frameworks of Risk Management based on Dr. Toshiaki
KAMEI’s theory.
1. Definition and Purpose of Risk Management
Risk management has its roots in (1) Risikopolitik in Germany during the 1920sand (2) insurance management which developed in the United States during the 1930s.
In Germany, Risikopolitik started as a science to protect firms from hyperinflation andas a management approach for survival. In the United States, the great depression urged
the development of insurance management as a means of business rationalization andcost control.
To be more specific, risk management in the United States proceeded as businessrisk management to protect business. In the beginning, it was conceived as managementof pure risks (static risk) and as insurance for insurable risks, but in due course, theconcept was broadened to all aspects of business risk including speculative risks(dynamic risk). As such, management of business risk became a scientific discipline,79and to that extent, risk management exceeded the framework of financial management
as a means of insurance against natural calamity to encompass all risks inherent inproduction, marketing, finance, labor relations and the other aspects of management.
Thus it was necessary to understand risk management as a means to protect businessfrom failure and bankruptcy.
In this sense, the term “risk” should include not only emergency or contingency
but also hazards which are likely to result in emergencies as political, economic orsocial factors. In order to protect business from failures, it was necessary for risk
management to confront not only one-time risk but also continuing hazards indeveloping business strategy. Clearly, this meant that management of risk by insurance
was no larger sufficient for survival of business.
Management of non-insurable risks must deal with those for which protection by
insurance is not available as well as those which make insurance uneconomical. It has todeal with a large variety of speculative risks.
A problem which arises here is that management of speculative risks is a part ofongoing activity of all organizational or functional units within an enterprise, and it isdifficult to associate a particular organizational or functional unit to a specific risk
management approach. For example, market research, sales promotion, advertisement,
credit research, quality control, hedging and so on, are all means of management ofmarketing risks, but none of them has any clear correspondence to actual and specificrisks.
Risk management is not an offensive management aimed at growth andmaximization of return, because it is defensive in nature and aimed at protection ofbusiness concern. It does not aspire to increase revenue and profit, but tries to reduce
costs – especially those arising from risks – that are charged on income. It attempts to
identify the risks and to control such risks so that they are manageable. Risk
management is an activity to realize rational handling of risks and to account for it.
(from Toshiaki KAMEI “The Nature and Classifications of Risk Management” Kansai
University Review of Economics and Business, Vol. 19, No. 1-No. 2, March 1991, p. 1-p.
3)
2. Typology of Risk Management
2.1. Insurance Management Type and Business Management Type Risk
Management
There are three types of risk management: (1) insurance management type, (2)business management type, and (3) management strategy type. The insurance80management type approach is mainly used for administration of pure risks. Effective
use of insurance constitutes the core of risk management, while prevention of accident
is considered as the preliminary step. Prevention of accidents involves protection fromcalamity and accidents such as fire, explosion, earthquake, theft, traffic accidents,
product liability and so on, as well as promotion of safety and prevention ofwork-related accidents.
Risk management of business management type and that of management strategy
type deal with all aspects of business risks, including pure and speculative risks.
Insurance is not necessarily the crucial part of these approaches, because they are themixture of all rational ways and means to be applied scientifically to reduce exposure torisks. Management of risks, according to these concepts, extends not only to individual
departments or functional units but also to overall management of the company as awhole.
In other words, when management of risks is implemented on department level, it
constitutes a business management type risk management, while its implementation on
the entire company makes it an element of management strategy.
2.2. Management Strategy Type Risk Management
Management strategy type risk management is expected to provide consulting,assistance, coordination, monitoring and similar service regarding general as well as
departmental management. In essence, it should assume the role of an internal
consultant in the matter of business risks. Risk management of this type deals with any
and all of business risks, and in this context, management of speculative risks and risks
involved in management strategy becomes an especially important aspects of the task.
For example, it is required to manage risks inherent in development of new
products, penetration into an overseas market or into a new area of business. At thispoint, a number of crucial decisions must be taken whether the risks are to be acceptedor avoided, or if the risks are to be accepted while provisions are to be made against
possible losses. Under these circumstances the distinction between strategy and risk
management becomes not very clear.
Yet, business strategy type risk management must remain as a staff function toprovide consultation to general and departmental management. Its responsibility is to
give advice, and not to participate in decision making.
In this respect, it is important to recognize that decision making is not a
momentary act but a series of processes leading to the decision. It consists of (1)acquisition and preparation of information, (2) planning and (3) selection ofalternatives.
81

(1) Acquisition and preparation of information relates to research and collectionof information concerning risks, classification and compilation of relevant data. (2)Planning consists of analysis, evaluation of information and data, and identifications ofways and means to risk management. (3) Selection of alternatives consists ofcomparison of various risk management alternatives and selection of the approach to betaken. A risk management department must be involved in some or all of these steps asconsultant to the management. (from Toshiaki KAMEI “The Nature and Classifications of
Risk Management” Kansai University Review of Economics and Business, Vol. 19, No.
1-No. 2, March 1991, p. 3-p. 4, p. 9-p. 10.)
3. Process and Principles of Risk Management
The process of risk management consists of three steps. (1) The first step isresearch and identification of risk based on the collection of information. (2) The
second step is measure and analysis of risk identified in the first step. The measure
and analysis of risk is conducted according to the criteria of (A) frequency orprobability and (B) seriousness or severity. (3) The third step is the selection of risktreatment means. There are mainly four risk treatment means; avoidance of risk,
reduction of risk, transfer of risk and retention of risk. In risk management, after theidentification and analysis of risk, the selection or the combination of risk treatment
means is done considering the function of cost and the benefit. Risk treatment means is
also distinguished as two main pillars: risk control and risk finance. Risk control is anattempt at protection and prevention against the occurrence of perils or accidents. Risk
finance is a preparation of finance resources for future occurrence of losses by perils or
accidents.
One principle of risk management is that risk is firstly to be avoided, then reduced,
and then transferred, and finally retained. Another principle is that it is important torecognize three aspects of risk in risk treatment: risk repeats, risk changes and risk
hides.
(Katsuyuki KAMEI, Kansai University)

82

NIPPON URBAN MANAGEMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTRESEARCH ASSOCIATION
1. History and Outline of the Association
The Nippon Urban Management and Local Government Research Association(NUMLGRA) was founded on 23rd June in 1984 during a founding convention held inOsaka, with its purpose as an interdisciplinary and international research organization.
The objectives of the Association are as follows: (1) promoting theoretical andpolitical research works for more scientific, modernistic and democratic local autonomy
systems, (2) contributing to local autonomy development.
To accomplish these objectives, the Association has performed some activities asfollows: (1) holding a national convention annually and regional meetings at regulartimes in the year, (2) publishing bulletins and collected papers on the latest issues inlocal autonomy and administration, (3) offering new public policies, (4) doing joint
research with related parties, (5) encouraging friendly relationships among members,
The Association consists of 296 individual members, 31 student members, nine
subscript members and two honorary members (as of July 2016).
2. Annual National Convention (1985-2015)
The annual national convention of the Association is usually held every autumn.
At each convention, a common theme is set up by the host university. As the problems
related to local autonomy are various and complicated, the Association needs to adopt
interdisciplinary approaches to tackle them. Therefore, researchers in many different
fields are invited to present works at the convention.
The common themes, the presentations and the host universities since the 27th
convention in 2010 are as follows:
The 27th annual convention was held at Josai University in September, 2010 withthe common theme of Decentralization and Revitalization of Local Economy. Under
this theme, a symposium “Revitalization of Local Economy in Saitama” was held withfive panelists: Tadahiro TONE (Chief Director of Saitama Prefectural University,
Chairman of SAITAMA Employers Association), Yoshiaki KAWAI (Mayor of Kawagoe),
Yoshirou FUJINAWA (Mayor of Tsurugashima), Kuniyasu KUKI (Mayor of Chichibu),
Mari KOBAYASHI (Waseda University).
The 28th annual convention was held at Kansai University in October, 2011. Its
common theme was Perspectives on Regional Sovereignty Reform. Under this theme,
a symposium “Problems and Perspectives on Municipality” was held with four83panelists: Kaoru KURATA (Mayor of Ikeda), Eisho FUJITANI (Mayor of Omihachiman),
Ryuji TANEDA (Editing committee member of Nikkei Inc.), Naohisa WADA (ToyoUniversity).
The 29th annual convention was held at Nihon University in September, 2012. Its
common theme was Recovery from Earthquake Damage: Reconstruction and Local
Government. Under this theme, a symposium was held. Following the keynote speechby Masahiro ARIMA (University of Hyogo) and Shinichi TOGASHI (Shumei University), a
panel discussion was held with two speakers: Hideki MATSUZAKI (Mayor of Urayasu),
Tadamitsu WAKASAKI (Vice-mayor of Kamaishi), and chaired by Yoichi KOMATSU(Kansai University).
The 30th commemorative convention was held at the University of Hyogo in
September, 2013. Its common theme was Globalization and Social Innovation. Under
the above theme, a symposium was held with five panelists: Yuzuru OGURA (Director of
Sharaku (NPO)), Takeshi JITSUYOSHI (Director of Hyogo Community Foundation,
Director of Shimin-katsudo center Kobe), Akiko SUGIYAMA (Branch Manager in WestJapan of Music Securities Inc.), Satoshi HOKKYO (Director of Office for Promotion ofRegional Cooperation Kinki Labor Bank), Shigenori FUNAKI (Director of HakuhodoInc.) and chaired by Isamu HATSUTANI (Osaka University of Commerce) .
The 31st annual convention was held at Toyo University in September, 2014. Its
common theme was The Progress of Decentralization: Local Government in Second
Stage. Following the keynote speech by Kenji ISHIZU (Mayor of Kitamoto City in
Saitama), a symposium was held with four panelists: Toshinobu FUJII (Toyo University),
Masao KAWANO (Emeritus Professor of Yokohama National University), Shinsaku
ARIMA (Miyazaki Municipal University), Tadayoshi NAGASHIMA (member of the Houseof Representatives and former mayor of Yamakoshi-mura).
Another symposium was also held. The theme was “Recovery from earthquake
damage and perspectives for the future in Urayasu city”. Following a keynote speech by
Hideki MATSUZAKI (Mayor of Urayasu), the symposium was held and chaired by
Shinichi TOGASHI (Toyo University)
The 32nd annual convention was held at Okinawa International University in
September, 2015. Its common theme was Regional Revitalization and Local
Government. Under the above theme, a symposium was held with four panelists:
Hidemasa IKEMIYAGI (Meiji University), Moritake TOMIKAWA (Former President of
Okinawa International University), Koshi HASHIMOTO (Kansai University), Mitsuya
YAMADA (Nihon University), chaired by Yoichi KOMATSU (Kansai University).

84

The 33rd annual convention was held at Wako University in September, 2016. Its
common theme was Local Government in Era of Decreasing Birthrate and Aging
Population. In this convention, we held two symposiums. First symposium was held
under common theme. Following the keynote speech by Joichi ISHIZAKA (Mayor of
Machida), a panel discussion was held by two speakers; Hiroshi TOBITA (The Japan
Research institute for Local Government), Saeko WADA (Utsunomiya Kyowa
University), and chaired by Masataka SHIMIZU (Wako University). Second symposium
was held under the theme “Regional Revitalization and Human Resources
Development”. Following the keynote speech by Takayuki KATSURADA (Development
Bank of Japan), panel discussion was held by three speakers; Yasuhide O ZAWA (Kobe
Women’s University), Nobuyuki KATSUURA (Josai University), Naoyuki HARADA (Wako
University), and chaired by Kunihiro KANEKO (Tama University).
Many participants made significant suggestions and inspiring comments about thecommon theme.
3. Publications
The Association issues a bulletin entitled the Journal of Urban Management andLocal Government Research. It is issued twice a year, and until now, it has been issued
58 times, the latest one being volume 31 number 1. The first bulletin of the year consistsof presentations and extracts from the symposium under the common theme of theprevious national convention, summaries of voluntary presentation sessions, andpresentations at each regional branch. The second bulletin of the year consists of papers
contributed by members.
The titles of the papers are remarkably various, and they reflect the nature of the
Association as an interdisciplinary study group. The topics of the papers can beclassified broadly into six categories as follows: (1) local autonomy systems, (2)regional management, (3) regional industrial developments, (4) financial affairs of local
governments, (5) governmental accounting and auditing, and (6) information processing
and new media in the public sector.
The Association has published a collection of research papers, The Frontier ofLocal Autonomy (Seibunsha, 2009), commemorative of the twenty-fifth anniversary of
the Association, and The Deepening of Local Autonomy (Seibunsha, 2014),
commemorative of the thirtieth anniversary of the Association.
A local autonomy study series was planned by the Association’s board of
directors on September, 1995. The purposes are to present problems about the new85

fields of local autonomy and to introduce the direction of studies about local autonomy
in the world. Then, in March, 1998, the Association also published a book titled
Forefront Theory of Local Autonomy (Keso-Shobou, Tokyo, 1998), consisting of 13
chapters including the preface.
4. Trends and Projections for the Association
The Association is composed of researchers and scholars from various specialized
fields in social science, and has actively contributed to the development of local
autonomy. It has adhered to interdisciplinary studies since its starting day and has alsooffered useful suggestions to the public on the basis of academic research. The
Association has tried to live up to the expectations of public demands, which call daily
for new methods in local governments and communities.
Presently, the Association is confronted with new social requests in theoreticaland practical fields in order to face newly arisen social conflicts within our society.
The 21st Century society has experienced an unforeseen transformation throughthe revolutionary advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
Such advanced ICT has shrunk both the time and space and created a world increasingly
depending on mutual exchanges on global scale. Technology revolutions have brought
about the high speed of globalization, overcoming national and cultural divides andgreatly affect individual day-to-day life and work and the activities of local government.
On one hand Japan was the first country in the world which was hit by theshrinking population and ageing society, to experience a rapid decrease in workforce.
One the other hand, it is a big problem to maintain each local community as a livingsocial foundation for residents. In order to provide safe and stable living conditions into
the future, the activities of national and local government is very important andconfronted with these issues, the Association cannot continue to employ the existingmeasures reflecting the empiricism of the public and private sectors. New optimal
resolutions and practical ones are needed on the bases of a theoretical background. The
Association is obliged to play a role to search for new ways.
Considering such situations, the Association has reviewed its own administrative
system, and has come up with the following action plans. First is to open the national
convention to the public and encourage participation in conferences concerning local
autonomy to promote international debate on decentralization. Second is tocommunicate more actively with other academic societies by setting integrated targets
for discussion. Third is to have the functional capital facility to meet information
technology development and correspond to various requirements of our members.
86

(Office Address)
Nippon Urban Management and Local Government Research Association
c/o Seibunsha Pub. Co.
Daiwa-Minamimorimachi Bldg.
Kita 2-6, 2-chome, Tenjinbashi, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-0041, Japane-mail: tihoujichi@skattsei.co.jp
http://www.skattsei.co.jp/tihoujichi/(Nobuo WATANABE, Josai International University)87List of Member Associations
2016
THE JAPAN ACCOUNTING ASSOCIATION
日本会計研究学会
・Established: 1937
・Number of Members: 1,862
・President: Hisakatsu SAKURAI (Kobe University)
・Publication: Monthly bulletin, Kaikei (Accounting) , Japanese Accounting Forum Annals,
JAA Kaikei-Puroguresu (JAA Accounting Progress)
・Liaison Office of the Japan Accounting Association
c/o International Business Institute, Co., Ltd.
Tsukasa Building 3rd F. , 518 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japane-mail: jaa@ibi-japan.co.jp
http://www.jaa-net.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Hiroshima University on September 21-24, 2017.
THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE
経営行動科学学会
・Established: 1997
・Number of Members: Individual 800, Collective 19
・President: Midori EGAWA (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
・Publication: Japanese Journal of Administrative Science (Keieikodokagaku)(Refereed journal published three times a year)
Proceedings for the Annual Convention of the Japanese Association of Administrative
Science (JAAS)
The Japanese Association of Administrative Science (JAAS) Newsletter (Occasional publications)・The Japanese Association of Administrative Science (JAAS)
c/o Institute for Organizational Behavior Research
Recruit Management Solutions Co., Ltd.
1-9-2, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japane-mail: jaas@recruit-ms.co.jp
http://www.jaas.jpn.org/
The 20th annual meeting will be held at Doshisha University on November 4-5, 2017.
THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOCIETY OF JAPAN
日本農業経済学会
・Established: 1924
・Number of Members: 1,500
・President: Kiyohide MORITA (Tohoku University)
・Publication: Bulletin of the Society, Nogyokeizai Kenkyu (Journal of Rural Economics) - quarterly
The Japanese Journal of Rural Economics - annual
・The Agricultural Economics Society of Japan
c/o Norin Tokei Kyokai
Meguro Sumiya Building, 3-9-13, Shimo-Meguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0064, Japane-mail: aesj@aafs.or.jp
http://www.aesjapan.or.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Chiba University on March 28-29, 2017.
89

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR APPLIED MANAGEMENT (JSAM)
実践経営学会・Established: 1967
・Number of Members: 390
・President: Koji IGATA (Osaka University of Economics)
・Publication: Applied Management (No.1-53)
Newsletter ― 2 times a year
・Japan Society for Applied Management (JSAM)
c/o Professor Tadao YOSHINO,
Osaka University of Economics,
2-2-8, Osumi, Higashiyodogawa-ku,
Osaka-shi, Osaka533-8533, Japane-mail: jsam.headoffice@gmail.com
http://www.jsam.org
The next annual meeting will be held at University of Miyazaki, 2017.
JAPAN SCHOLARLY ASSOCIATION FOR ASIAN MANAGEMENT (JSAAM)
アジア経営学会
・Established: 1993
・Number of Members: 335
・President: Takahide KOSAKA (Nihon University)
・Publication: The Journal of Asian Management Studies
・Japan Scholarly Association for Asian Management (JSAAM)
・Executive Secretary Yoshikazu SAKAMOTO
c/o College of Commerce, Nihon University
5-2-1 Kinuta, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8570, Japane-mail: jsaamoffice@ifeama.org
http://www.ifeama.org/jsaam
The next annual meeting will be held at Tohoku University on September 8-10, 2017.
JAPAN ACADEMY FOR ASIAN MARKET ECONOMIES
アジア市場経済学会
・Established: 1997
・Number of Members: 244
・President: Yoshihito TAKAHASHI (Senshu University)
・Publication: Japan Academy for Asian Market Economies ― annual
JAFAME Newsletter (Occasional publications)・Japan Academy for Asian Market Economies
c/o Koji HAYAMA
Faculty of Economics and Business, Wako University,
2160, Kanamachi, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 195-8585, Japane-mail: koyan@wako.ac.jp
http://www.jafame.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Wako University in July, 2017.
90

JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR ASIAN STUDIES
アジア政経学会
・Established: 1953
・Number of Members: 1,195
・President: Tomoo MARUKAWA (University of Tokyo)
・Publication: Asian Studies ― quarterly・Japan Association for Asian Studies
c/o Ochanomizu Academic Association NPO
Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Building 3rd. 204,2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japane-mail: jaas-info@npo-ochanomizu.org
http://www.jaas.or.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Kitakyushu International Conference Center on November 19,
2017.
JAPAN ACADEMY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
日本経営学会・Established: 1926
・Number of Members: 1,912
・President: Yoshiharu HYAKUTA (Komazawa University)
・Publication: Keieigaku Ronshu ― once a year
Journal of Business Management ― once or twice a year
・Japan Academy of Business Administration.
c/o The Office for Management Research,
Graduate School of Commerce, Hitotsubashi University, Dai 2 Kenkyukan,
2-1, Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8601, Japane-mail: nihon.keiei.gakkai@gmail.com
http://www.keiei-gakkai.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Okayama University on August 30-September 2, 2017 with thesymposium “Management That Is Public and Efficient ― New Directions for Business Administration”.
BUSINESS ANALYSIS ASSOCIATION
日本経営分析学会
・Established: 1984
・Number of Members: 438
・President: Hisashi MORI (Meiji University)
・Publication: Japan Journal of Business Analysis (annual)・Business Analysis Association
c/o Rikkyo University
M701 Office, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japane-mail: info@keiei-bunseki.org
http://keiei-bunseki.org
The next annual meetings will be held at Kansai University on April 30, 2017 with the symposium“Public Disclosure and Business Analysis”.

91

JAPAN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION (JBCA)
国際ビジネスコミュニケーション学会
・Established: 1934
・Number of Members: 190
・President: Nobuo KAMATA (Toyo Gakuen University)
・Publication: The Journal of International Business Communication
・Japan Business Communication Association
c/o Professor Takehisa KOBAYASHI
Faculty of Economics and Business, Wako University,
2160, Kanai-cho, Machida-shi, Tokyo 195-8585, Japane-mail: kobatake@wako.ac.jp
http://www.jbca.gr.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Toyo Gakuen University, 2017.
JAPAN SOCIETY FOR BUSINESS ETHICS
日本経営倫理学会
・Established: 1993
・Number of Members: 450
・President: Mitsuhiro UMEZU (Keio University)
・Publication: Journal of Japan Society for Business Ethics
Newsletter of Japan Society for Business Ethics ― 3 times per year
・Japan Society for Business Ethics
Sakurai Bldg. 3F,
4-5-4, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japane-mail: info@jabes1993.org
http://www.jabes1993.org/
The next annual meeting will be held at Keio University in June, 2017.
BUSINESS HISTORY SOCIETY OF JAPAN
経営史学会
・Established: 1964
・Number of Members: personal 831, institutional 16
・President: Takeo KIKKAWA (Tokyo Univercity of Science)・Publication: Japan Business History Review ― quarterly
Japanese Reserach on Business History ― annually
・Business History Society of Japan
c/o Professor SHIMADA Office
Faculty of Business Administration,
Bunkyo Gakuin University,
1-19-1, Mukogaoka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-8668, Japane-mail: jimukyoku@bhs.ssoj.info
http://bhs.ssoj.info/
The next annual meeting will be held at Fukui Prefectural University on October 21-22, 2017.
92

JAPAN SOCIETY OF BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
日本経営数学会
・Established: 1959
・Number of Members: 120
・President: Hitoshi TAKEDA (Bunkyo University)
・Publication: Journal of Business Mathematics
・Japan Society of Business Mathematics
c/o Professor Akira UCHINO
School of Commerce, Senshu University,
2-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8580, Japane-mail: uchino@isc.senshu-u.ac.jp
http://sites.google.com/site/jpbizmath/
The next annual conference will be held at Gakushuin University on June 17-18, 2017.
CIRIEC Japanese Section(Japan Society of Research and Information on Public and Cooperative Economy)
国際公共経済学会（公共･協同経済国際研究情報センター日本支部）
・Established: 1985
・Number of Members: individual 281, cooperative 5・Representative: Munenori NOMURA (Kwansei Gakuin University)
・Publication: International Public Economy Study
・CIRIEC Japanese Section
c/o Professor Akihiro ITO
Faculty of Commerce, Nagoya Gakuin University,
1-25, Atsutanishi-machi, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8612, Japane-mail: japan@ciriec.com
http://www.ciriec.com/
The next annual meeting will be held at Rikkyo University on December 2-3, 2017.
JAPAN SOCIETY FOR COMMODITY SCIENCE
日本商品学会・Established: 1935
・Number of Members: 153
・President: Yasuhiro YAMAMOTO (Chiba University of Commerce)・Publication: Quarterly bulletin, Shohin Kenkyu (Studies on Commodities)
・Japan Society for Commodity Science
c/o Univ. Coop Support Center for Academic Societies,
3-30-22, Wada, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 166-8532, Japane-mail: jscs@univcoop.or.jp
http://jscs.jpn.org

93THE JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC STUDIES (JACES)
比較経済体制学会
・Established: 1963
・Number of Members: 250
・Chief Representative: Yasushi NAKAMURA (Yokohama National University)
・Publication: Japanese Journal of Comparative Economics ― annually 2 volumes
・The Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies (JACES)
c/o Associate Professor Mayu MICHIGAMI
Faculty of Economics, Niigata University,
8050, Ikarashi, 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japane-mail: michigami@econ.niigata-u.ac.jp
http://www.jaces.info
The next annual meeting will be held at Kansai University on September 16-17, 2017.
JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR CHINESE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
中国経済経営学会
・Established: 2014
・Number of Members: 456
・President: YAN Shanping (Doshisha University)
・Publication: Journal of Chinese Economic Studies (Publish twice a year)
Journal of Chinese Management Studies (Publish once a year)
・Japanese Association for Chinese Economy and Management Studies
c/o Professor Kazutsugu OSHIMA
Department of Economics, St. Andrew’s University
1-1, Manabino, Izumi-shi, Osaka 594-1198, Japane-mail: jacem.office@gmail.com
http://www.jacem.org/top.html
JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT(JACSM)
日本比較経営学会
・Established: 1976
・Number of Members: 199
・President: Yoshiharu HYAKUTA (Komazawa University)
・Publication: Journal of the Association for the Comparative Studies of・Japan Association for the Comparative Studies of Management
c/o Professor Dr.Takeshi MATSUDAManagement

Faculty of Economics, Komazawa University,
1-23-1, Komazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8525, Japane-mail: pine@komazawa-u.ac.jp
http://www.jacsm.net
The next annual meeting will be held at Fukuoka University on May 13-14, 2017 with the main theme“Seeking Symbiosis Between a Market Economy and Civil Society ― Independence and Coexistence ofCivil and Commercial Society”.
94

JAPAN ACADEMY FOR CONSUMPTION ECONOMY
日本消費経済学会
・Established: 1974
・Number of Members: 275
・Chief Representative: Takamichi INOUE (Meiji University)
・Publication: Annals of the Japan Academy for Consumption Economy
・Japan Academy for Consumption Economy
c/o Professor Takamichi INOUE
School of Commerce, Meiji University,
1-1, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8301, Japane-mail: tinoue@meiji.ac.jp
http://jace.jpn.org
The next annual meeting will be held at Osaka University of Commerce on June 30-July 2, 2017.
JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR CULTURAL ECONOMICS
文化経済学会＜日本＞・Established: 1990
・Number of Members: 568, Patrons 9, Corporate membership 4
・President: Masaki KATSUURA (Meijo University)
・Publication: Journal of Cultural Economics Japan
Newsletter of Japan Association for Cultural Economics
・Japan Association for Cultural Economics (JACE)
c/o Galileio, Union Building 2nd 4F,
1-24-1, Sugamo, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0002, Japane-mail: g018jace-mng@ml.gakkai.ne.jp
http://www.jace.gr.jp
The next JACE annual conference will be held at Oita Prefectural College of Art and Culture on July 1-2,
2017.
THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY
経済社会学会・Established: 1966
・Number of Members: 302
・President: Takao MAMADA (Rikkyo University)
・Publication: The Annual of the Society of Economic Sociology
・The Society of Economic Sociology
c/o Professor Masaaki KAMINUMA
School of Social Sciences, Waseda University,
1-6-1, Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japane-mail: kaminuma@waseda.jp
http://web.waseda.jp/assoc-soes/
The next annual meeting will be held at Nagoya Gakuin University on September 16-17, 2017 with thesymposium “The Economic Sociology of Work”.
95THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT
経済学史学会・Established: 1950
・Number of Members: 613
・President: Hideo TANAKA (Aichi Gakuin University)
・Publication: The History of Economic Thought
The Society for the History of Economic Thought Newsletter
The Proceedings of Annual Meeting
・The Society for the History of Economic Thought
c/o Professor Hideo TANAKA
School of Economics, Aichi Gakuin University,
3-1-1, Meijo, Kita-ku, Nagoya-shi,
462-8739, Japane-mail: jgata@dpc.agu.ac.jp
http://jshet.net/
The next annual meeting will be held at Tokushima Bunri University on June 3-4, 2017 with the plenary
lecture by Nicholas PHILLIPON, The University of Edinburgh.
THE JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHERS
経済地理学会・Established: 1954
・Number of Members: 692, patronage members: 3
・President: Kenji YAMAMOTO (Kyushu University)
・Publication: Keizai Chirigaku Nempo (Annals of the Japan Association of Economic
Geographers) ― quarterly・Japan Association of Economic Geographers
c/o Faculty of Economics, Seikei University,
3-3-1, Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japane-mail: jimukyoku@economicgeography.jp
http://www.economicgeography.jp/index.html
The next annual meeting will be held at Meiji University on May 26-29, 2017 with the symposium“Reconsidering Tokyo as a World City”.
JAPAN ECONOMIC POLICY ASSOCIATION
日本経済政策学会
・Established: 1940
・Number of Members: individuals 1,019 institutional 2・President: Takashi YANAGAWA (Kobe University)
・Publication: Keizai Seisaku Gakkai Journal(Journal of Economic Policy Studies) ― semi annuallyInternational Journal of Economic Policy Studies ― annually
・The Japan Economic Policy Association
c/o Granduate School of Economics, Kobe University,
2-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japane-mail: jepa-headquarters@jepa-hq.com
http://jepa.jp
The 74th annual meeting will be held at Asia University on May 27-28, 2017 with the symposium“Changes in the Economic Environment and Economic Policy ― Asian Economic Relations andJapan’s Involvement”.
96

JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS
進化経済学会・Established: 1997
・Number of Members: individuals 457, honorary 2, collective 1・President: Yuji ARUKA (Chuo University)
・Publication: Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review(biannual international journal, from Summer 2004)
Evolutionary Economics Proceedings
Newsletter of the Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics(Occasional Publications)
Evolutionary Controversies in Economics (English) from Springer - Verlag Tokyo
Genesis Evolutional Economics, vol.1, 2 (Japanese) from Springer - Verlag Tokyo
Handbook of Evolutionary Economics (Japanese) from Kyoritsu Shuppan Tokyo・Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics
c/o Academy Center
358-5, Yamabuki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0801 Japane-mail: a-arakawa@rikkyo.ac.jp
http://www.jafee.org
The next annual meeting will be held at Kyoto University on March 25-26, 2017 with the symposium“The Links Between Natural Sciences and Social Sciences.
JAPAN FINANCE ASSOCIATION
日本経営財務研究学会
・Established: 1977
・Number of Members: 556
・President: Hideki HANAEDA (Chuo University)
・Publication: Japan Journal of Finance ― half - yearly・Japan Finance Association
c/o Graduate School of Business Administration, Kobe University,
2-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japane-mail: zaim@b.kobe-u.ac.jp
http://www.b.kobe-u.ac.jp/~keieizaimu/
The next annual meeting will be held at Kansai University on September 23-24, 2017 with thesymposium “Payout Policies”.
THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS
生活経済学会・Established: 1985
・Number of Members: 650, Cooperative member 6
・President: Takau YONEYAMA (Hitotsubashi University)
・Publication: Journal of Household Economics― twice a year
・The Japan Society of Household Economics
3-7-4, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
101-0061, Japane-mail: he-office@jsheweb.org
http://www.jsheweb.org/
The next annual meeting will be held at Tohoku Fukushi University on June 24-25, 2017 with thesymposium “The Concept of a Theory of Living in Household Economics”.
97

JAPAN SOCIETY OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
日本労務学会・Established: 1970
・Number of Members: 844
・President: Atsushi SEIKE (Keio University)
・Publication: Japan Journal of Human Resource Management
・Japan Society of Human Resource Management
c/o International Business Institute, Co., Ltd.
Tsukasa Building 3rd. F. , 518 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japane-mail: jshrm@ibi-japan.co.jp
http://www.ibi-japan.co.jp/jshrm/
The next annual meeting will be held at Senshu University on July 14-16, 2017 with the symposium“Globalization and the Transformation of Labor-Management Relations”.
THE SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL STUDIES, JAPAN
産業学会
・Established: 1975
・Number of Members: 291
・Representative: Hiroshi ITAGAKI (Musashi University)
・Publication: Annals of The Society for Industrial Studies, Japan・The Society for Industrial Studies
c/o Professor Yuan Zhija
Rissho University,
4-2-16, Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8602, Japane-mail: japan593271@yahoo.co.jp
http://www.sisj.org/
The next annual meeting will be held at Josai University on June 10-11, 2017.
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INSURANCE SCIENCE
日本保険学会・Established: 1940
・Number of Members: honorary 24, ordinary 899 including
15 foreigners, supporting organizations 86
・President: Yasuo FUKUDA (Nihon University)
・Publication: Journal of Insurance Science (Hoken-gaku Zasshi) ― quarterly
・The Japanese Society of Insurance Science
c/o The General Insurance Institute of Japan,
2-9, Kanda-Awajicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8335, Japane-mail: gakkai@sonposoken.or.jp
http://www.js-is.org/
The next annual meeting will be held at Shiga University on October 28-29, 2017.

98

JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STUDIES
国際会計研究学会
・Established: 1984
・Number of Members: 575
・President: Takashi HASHIMOTO (Aoyama Gakuin University)
・Publication: Kokusai Kaikei Kenkyu Gakkai Nempo (Bulletin of Japanese
Association for International Accounting Studies)Japanese Association for International Accounting Studies
c/o Eiji HISAMOCHI
Graduate School of Business Administration, Aoyama Gakuin University,
4-4-25, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8366, Japane-mail: office@jaias.org
http://jaias.org
The next annual meeting will be held at Aoyama Gakuin University on September 1-3, 2017.
JAPAN ACADEMY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES
国際ビジネス研究学会
・Established: 1994
・Number of Members: individual 763, corporate 5・President: Mitsuhide SHIRAKI (Waseda University)
・Publication : Journal of International Business・Japan Academy of International Business Studies
c/o Professor Tomoaki SAKANOSchool of Commerce, Waseda University,
1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
Liaison office:International Business Institute, Co., Ltd.
Tsukasa Building 3rd. F. , 518 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japane-mail: jaibs@ibi-japan.co.jp
http://www.ibi-japan.co.jp/jaibs/html/index.html
The next annual meeting will be held in fall, 2017.
c/o

THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
日本国際経済学会
・Established: 1950
・Number of Members: individual 984, corporate 3
・President: Jota ISHIKARA (Hitotsubashi University)
・Publication: Kokusai-Keizai and The International Economy ― both are issued once yearly
・The Japan Society of International Economics
c/o Professor Koji AOKIFaculty of Economics, Konan University,
8-9-1, Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japane-mail: head-office@jsie.jp
http://www.jsie.jp/
The next annual meeting will be held at Nihon University in fall, 2017.
99

JAPAN ACADEMY FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND BUSINESS
日本貿易学会・Established: 1960
・Number of Members: 410, corporate: 5・President: Takeshi FUJISAWA (Kwansei Gakuin University)
・Publication: ①The Annual Bulletin of the Japan Academy for International Trade and Business②Research Paper of Japan Academy for International Trade and Business③JAFTAB News ― twice yearly・Japan Academy for International Trade and Business (JAFTAB)
c/o Professor Takeshi FUJISAWA
School of Business Administration, Kwansei Gakuin University,
1-1-155, Uegahara, Ichiban-cho, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo, 662-8501, Japane-mail: z88005@kwansei.ac.jp
http://www.jaftab.org
The 57th annual congress will be held at Aichi Gakuin University, Meijo Koen Campus on May 27-28,
2017 with the Common theme “The Significance of Mega-FTA ― In relation to the current status andissues of WTO ―”.
JAPAN ACADEMY OF LABOR AND MANAGEMENT (JALM)
労務理論学会・Established: 1991
・Number of Members: individual 319
・President: Masatsugu TAKEDA (Chukyo University)
・Publication: Labor and Management Review (Romu-riron Gakkaishi)
・Japan Academy of Labor and Management (JALM)
c/o Professor Daizo YAMAMOTO
Faculty of Business Administration, Aichi University,
4-60-6, Hiraike-cho, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 453-8777, Japane-mail: daizo@vega.aichi-u.ac.jp
http://www.jalmonline.org
The next annual meeting will be held at Tokyo University of Science, Suwa on June 10-11, 2017 with thesymposium “A Summary of Changes in Wage Management”.
JAPAN LOGISTICS SOCIETY
日本物流学会・Established: 1983
・Number of Members: individual 492, corporate 19
・President: Toshinori NEMOTO (Hitotsubashi University)
・Publication: Journal of Japan Logistics Society
・Japan Logistics Society
c/o Nittsu Research Institute and Consulting, Inc,
9-3, 1-chome, Higashishinbashi, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 105-8322, Japane-mail: logistics@nifty.com
http://www.logistics-society.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Tokyo Keizai University on August 31-September 1, 2017.
100

JAPAN SOCIETY OF LOGISTICS AND SHIPPING ECONOMICS
日本海運経済学会
・Established: 1966
・Number of Members: individual 234, corporate 23
・Representative: Hiroshi HOSHINO (Kyushu University)
・Publication: Journal of Logistics and Shipping Economics
・Japan Society of Logistics and Shipping Economics
c/o Kazuhiko ISHIGURO Laboratory,
Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University,
5-1-1, Fukae-minami, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japane-mail: sec@jslse.jp
http://www.jslse.jp

JAPAN ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT
経営行動研究学会
・Established: 1991
・Number of Members: individual 424, corporate 4・Representative: Toshio KIKUCHI (Nihon University)
・Publication: The Annals of The Japan Academy of Management, News Letter
・Japan Academy of Management
c/o The Institute of Business Administrative Behavior,Tokyo Chuo Building, 707,
4-4-8, Iidabashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0072, Japane-mail: jarbab@alpha.ocn.ne.jp
http://www.jam1991.org/
The next annual meeting will be held at Soka University on September 5-7, 2017.
THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
日本管理会計学会
・Established: 1991
・Number of Members: individual 697, corporate 8
・President: Noboru HARADA (Mejiro University)
・Publication: The Journal of Management Accounting, Japan・The Japanese Association of Management Accounting
c/o Professor Takashi SHIMIZU
Graduate School of Accountancy, Waseda University,
1-6-1, Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japane-mail: jama-info@sitejama.org
http://www.sitejama.org/index.html
The next annual meeting will be held at Fukuoka University on August 27-29, 2017.

101

NIPPON ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT(Formerly: NIPPON ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION)
日本マネジメント学会
・Established: 1979
・Number of Members: individual 643, corporate 5・President: Yoichi KAKIZAKI (Toyo University)
・Publication: Management Development (Annals), published by the administrative
office of the academy
・Nippon Academy of Management
c/o Yamashiro Keiei Kenkyujo
S&S Building 3F, 6-36, Shin-ogawamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-00814, Japane-mail: name@kae-yamashiro.co.jp
http://nippon-management.jp/
THE ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY
経営哲学学会・Established: 1984
・Number of Members: 300
・Representative : Yoshitaka OHIRA (Hokkai-Gakuin Unversity)
・Publication: Keiei Tetsugaku Journal(Journal of Management Philosophy)
・The Academy of Management Philosophy
c/o Professor Yoshitaka OHIRA
Faculty of Business Administration, Hokkai-Gakuen University,
4-1-40, Asahi-cho, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 062-8605, Japane-mail: officel@jamp.ne.jp
http://www.jamp.ne.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Kumamoto Gakuen University on August 28-30, 2017.
JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
日本経営システム学会
・Established: 1981
・Number of Members: regular 640, advisory 10
・President: Tetsuhisa ODA (Aichi Institute of Technology )・Publication: Journal of Japan Association for Management Systems – three times per year,
International Journal of Japan Association for Management Systems (IJAMS) – once a year
JAMS NEWS – quarterly・Japan Association for Management Systems
c/o Ballard Heim No. 703, 1-20-3, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japane-mail: keieisys@jams-web.jp
http://www.jams-web.jp/
The 58th national conference is supposed to be held at Tokyo Keizai University, Kokubunji Campus on
May 27-28, 2017.
102

THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES
経営学史学会・Established: 1993
・Number of Members: 288, Cooperative 2・President: Masahiko YOSHIHARA (Aomori Chuo Gakuin University)
・Publication: An annual report (published by Bunshindo, Tokyo)
・The Society For The History of Management Theories
c/o College of Business Administration and Economics, Aomori Public University
153-4, Aza Yamazaki, Oaza Goushizawa,
Aomori-City, 030-0196, Japane-mail: gakusi@meiji.ac.jp
http://keieigakusi.info
The next annual meeting will be held at Aomori Chuo Gakuin University on May 19-21, 2017. The main
theme will be “Challenges for Research in the History of Management Theories”.
JAPAN SOCIETY OF MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
日本商業学会・Established: 1951
・Number of Members: honorary 17, ordinary 1,114, supporting company 10・President: Katsuyoshi TAKASHIMA (Kobe University)
・Publication: Journal of Marketing and Distribution ― four times a year
・Japan Society of Marketing and Distribution
c/o Proactive Inc.
Bay Wing Bldg.
85-1, Edo-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0033, Japane-mail: jsmd@pac.ne.jp
http://jsmd.jp/
The next annual conference will be held at University of Hyogo on May 26-28, 2017.
JAPAN SOCIETY OF MONETARY ECONOMICS
日本金融学会・Established: 1943
・Number of Members: 1,350
・President: Eiji OGAWA (Hitotsubashi University)
・Publication: Review of Monetary and Financial Studies ― biannuallyJapanese Journal of Monetary and Financial Economics ― biannually, online journal
・Japan Society of Monetary Economics
Toyo Keizai Building,
1-2-1, Hongoku-cho, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0021, Japane-mail: jsme@d8.dion.ne.jp
http://www.jsmeweb.org/
The next Spring meeting will be held at Waseda University on May 27-28, 2017 and Autumn meeting
will be held at Kagoshima University in October, 2017.
103

THE ACADEMIC ASSOCIATION FOR ORGANIZATIONAL SCIENCE
特定非営利活動法人 組織学会
・Established: 1959
・Number of Members: individuals 2,027, corporate 13
・President: Shigeru ASABA (Waseda University)
・Publication: Organizational Science ― quarterly
・The Academic Association for Organizational Science
Mitsubishi Building 1st. B,
2-5-2, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japane-mail: soshiki@rio.odn.ne.jp
http://www.aaos.or.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Shiga University on June 17-18, 2017.

JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR PLANNING AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
一般社団法人 日本計画行政学会
・Established: 1977
・Number of Members: 1,020
・President: Toshinori NEMOTO (Hitotsubashi University)
・Publication: Planning and Public Management ― quarterly・Japan Association for Planning and Public Management
c/o The Institute of Statistical Research,
1-18-16, Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0004, Japane-mail: japa@isr.or.jp
http://www.japanpa.jp/
The next annual meeting will be held at Aoyama Gakuin University on September 8-9, 2017 with thesymposium “Industry 4.0 and its Implication for Social Capital”.
JAPAN SOCIETY OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
経済理論学会・Established: 1959
・Number of Members: 850
・Chief Representative: Tetsuji KAWAMURA (Hosei University)
・Publication: Political Economy Quarterly ― quarterly・Japan Society of Political Economy
c/o Professor Atsushi SHIMIZU
Faculty of Economics, Musashi University,
1-26-1, Toyotamakami, Nerima-ku,
Tokyo 176-8534, Japan.
e-mail: secretariat@jspe.gr.jp
http://www.jspe.gr.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Chuo University in October, 2017.
104THE POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC HISTORY SOCIETY
政治経済学・経済史学会
・Established: 1948
・Number of Members: 800
・Representative Director: Shiro YAMAZAKI (Tokyo Metropolitan University)
・Publication: REKISHI TO KEIZAI(The Journal of Political Economy and Economic History) ― quarterly
The Political Economy and Economic History Society
c/o Hongo Post Office Box 56
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8691, Japane-mail: seikeishi@gmail.com
http://seikeisi.ssoj.info/
The next annual meeting will be held at Osaka University of Commerce on October 14-15, 2017.

THE POPULATION ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN
日本人口学会・Established: 1948
・Number of Members: 344
・President: Ryuichi KANEKO (National Institute of Population and Social Security Research)・Publication: Jinkogaku Kenkyu (The Journal of Population Studies)
・Population Association of Japan
c/o Association for Supporting Academic Societies (ASAS)
Koishikawa Urban 4F, 5-3-13, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japane-mail: paoj@asas-mail.jp
http://www.paoj.org/
The next annual meeting will be held at Tohoku University on June 10-11, 2017.
THE JAPAN PORT ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION
日本港湾経済学会
・Established: 1962
・Number of Members: 204
・Representative Manager: Hideki YOSHIOKA (Takasaki University of Commerce)・Publication: Kowan Keizai Kenkyu(The Annual Report of the Japan Port Economics Association)
・Japan Port Economics Association
c/o Takasaki University of Commerce,
741, Negoyamachi, Takasaki-city, Gunma 370-1214, Japane-mail: yoshioka-hdk@uv.tuc.ac.jp
http://port-economics.jp/
The next annual meeting will be held at Rissho University, Shinagawa Campus on September 6-8, 2017.

105

THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC FINANCE
日本財政学会・Established: 1940
・Number of Members: 880
・Chairman: Masaru KANEKO (Keio University)
・Publication: Public Finance Studies (Zaiseikenkyu)
・The Japan Institute of Public Financec/o Academic Societies Center, Galileo, Inc.,
Union Building 2nd 4F, 1-24-1, Sugamo, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0002, Japane-mail: g016jipf-mng@ml.gakkai.ne.jp
http://www.gakkai.ne.jp/jipf/
The next annual meeting will be held at Rikkyo University, Ikebukuro Campus on September 16-17,
2017.
THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF PUBLIC UTILITY ECONOMICS
公益事業学会・Established: 1949
・Number of Members: regular members 354, corporation members 52
・President: Hideki IDE (Keio University)
・Publication: Journal of Public Utility Economics
・Koeki Jigyo Gakkai (The Japan Society of Public Utility Economics)
c/o Urban Net Nihonbashi Bldg.,
2-14-10, Ningyo-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0013, Japane-mail: koeki@icr.co.jp
http://www.jspu-koeki.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Kindai University on June 10-11, 2017.
THE JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL
日本地域学会・Established: 1962
・Number of Members: 1,042
・President: Yoshiro HIGANO (University of Tsukuba)
・Publication: Studies in Regional Science (Chiikigaku Kenkyu) - the Journal of theJapan Section of RSAI Vol.45 No. 1, No.2, No.3, No.4 ― annually
・The Japan Section of the Regional Science Association International
c/o Professor Yoshiro HIGANO
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City 305-8572, Japane-mail: higano@jsrsai.envr.tsukuba.ac.jp
http://www.jsrsai.jp
The next 54th annual meeting will be held at Ritsumeikan University on October 6-8, 2017.

106

JAPAN RISK MANAGEMENT SOCIETY
日本リスクマネジメント学会
・Established: 1978
・Number of Members: individual 300
・Representative Management: Kazuo UEDA (Senshu University)
・Publication: JARMS Report (Risk and Insurance Management)
・Japan Risk Management Society
c/o Professor Katsuyuki KAMEI
Faculty of Safety Science, Takatsuki Muse Campus, Kansai University,
7-1, Hakubai-cho, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1098, Japane-mail: kamei@kansai-u.ac.jp
http://www.jarms.jp/
The 41st annual meeting will be held at Tohoku Fukushi University on September 23, 2017.

THE SOCIETY FOR THE ECONOMIC STUDIES OF SECURITIES
証券経済学会・Established: 1966
・Number of Members: 550
・Representative: Tsuneo SAKAMOTO (Meiji University)
・Publication: Annual of the Society for the Economic Studies of Securititese ― annually・Society for the Economic Studies of Securities
c/o Japan Securities Research Institute,Tokyo Shoken Kaikan,
1-5-8, Nihonbashi-Kayaba-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0025, Japan
http://www.sess.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Sapporo University on June 17-18, 2017.
JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR SOCIAL POLICY STUDIES
社会政策学会・Established: 1950
・Number of Members: 1,190
・Representative: Koshi ENDO (Meiji University)
・Publication: SHAKAI-SEISAKU(Social Policy and Labor Studies)・Japan Association for Social Policy Studies
c/o Professor Yasuhiro TSUKAHARA
School of Information and Communication, Meiji University,
1-1, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8301, Japan
http://jasps.org/
The next annual meetings will be held at Meisei University on June 3-4, 2017 with the symposium“Questioning the Commercialization of Welfare”.
107THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE OF ACCOUNTING
会計理論学会・Established: 1986
・Number of Members: individual 162
・Representative: Hiroshi YOSHIMI (Hokkaido University)
・Publication: Annals of The Japan Society for Social Science of Accounting
・The Japan Society for Social Science of Accounting
c/o Faculty of Business Administration, Tokyo Keizai University,
1-7-34, Minami-cho, Kokubunji-shi,
Tokyo 185-8502, Japan
http://www.tku.ac.jp/~takeo_it/riron/riron.html
The next annual meeting will be held in fall, 2017.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTOTY SOCIETY
社会経済史学会
・Established: 1930
・Number of Members: 1,400
・Representative: Satoshi BABA (University of Tokyo)
・Publication: Shakai Keizai Shigaku (Socio-Economic History) ― quarterly・Shakai Keizaishi Gakkai (Socio-Economic History Society)c/o Professor M.SHIZUMESchool of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University,
1-6-1, Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japane-mail: sehs@kurenai.waseda.jp
http://sehs.ssoj.info/
The next annual meeting will be held at Keio University on May 27-28, 2017.
THE JAPAN STATISTICAL SOCIETY
一般社団法人 日本統計学会
・Established: 1931
・Number of Members: 1,547
・President: Manabu IWASAKI (Seikei University )・Publication: Journal of the Japan Statistical Society ― biannually・Japan Statistical Society
c/o Statistical Information Institute for Consulting and Analysis,
Nogaku Shorin Building 5F, 3-6, Kanda-Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo 101-0051, Japane-mail: shom@jss.gr.jp
http://www.jss.gr.jp/
The next Spring meeting will be held at National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies on March 5, 2017.
The next annual meeting will be held at Nanzan University in September, 2017.

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THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS
日本交通学会・Established: 1941
・Number of Members: 461, student 7, company etc. 30
・President: Kenichi SHOJI (Kobe University)
・Publication: Koutsugaku Kenkyu (Annual Report on Transportation Economics)
・The Japan Society of Transportation Economics (Nihon Koutsu Gakkai)
c/o Unyu-Chosa-Kyoku, 34, Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japane-mail: info@koutsu-gakkai.jp
http://koutsu-gakkai.jp
The next annual meeting will be held at Wakayama University in October, 2017.
NIPPON URBAN MANAGEMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT RESEARCHASSOCIATION
日本地方自治研究学会
・Established: 1984
・Number of Members: individual 330
・Representative: Hidemasa IKEMIYAGI (Meiji University)
・Publication: Journal of Urban Management and Local Government Research(Annuals of Nippon Urban Management and Local Government
Research Association)
Nippon Urban Management and Local Government Research Association
c/o Seibunsha Pub. Co.,
Daiwa-Minamimorimachi Bldg.,
Kita 2-6 , 2-chome, Tenjinbashi, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0041, Japane-mail: tihoujichi@skattsei.co.jp
http://www.skattsei.co.jp/tihoujichi/
The next annual meeting will be held at Matsuyama University, 2017.

109

New Membership 2016

ACADEMY OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES
多国籍企業学会
DATE OF ESTABLISHED: August 1, 2007
OBJECTIVES:
The Academy of Multinational Enterprises is a professional society for academics andpractitioners with an interest in conducting theoretical and empirical research on Multinational
Enterprises (MNE) and international economics. Our aim is to develop new theories based on
observation of various phenomena and practices of Japanese MNEs and its economies as well asbased on interdisciplinary perspective.
NUMBER OF MEMBERS: Individual 214
REPRESENTATIVE:
President: Kazuhiro ASAKAWA (Keio University)
ANNUAL MEETINGS:
We hold the annual meeting once a year.
PUBLICATION: MNE ACADEMY JOURNAL
ADDRESS: Secretary General, Academy of Multinational Enterprises
c/oProfessor Yoshinori YASUDA,
Faculty of Business Administration, Soka University,
1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji City, Tokyo, 192-8577 Japan
Email: mne@ibi-japan.co.jp
http://www.mne-jp.org/sub6.html

The next annual meeting will be held at Nihon University on July 15-16, 2017.

110

TRANSCULTURAL MANAGEMENT SOCIETY
異文化経営学会
DATE OF ESTABLISHED: March 11, 2003
OBJECTIVES:
Transcultural Management Society (TMS) is an interdisciplinary organization whose purpose is to
explore and establish the academic field of cross-cultural management or transcultural
management. TMS considers collaboration of the academic field and the business circle crucial inits endeavor.
The membership reflects this spirit and TMS encourages active exchange of opinions among
members of academic and business backgrounds. TMS promotes communication and interaction
among members of diverse cultures: profession, gender, age, nationalities, ethnic group, language,
religion and other attributes. TMS covers the following fields: Cross-cultural management,international business, diversity management, multinational companies, global corporations,human resources management, strategic alliance, global marketing, personnel motivation,
implication of information technology, business ethics, corporate governance and others.
NUMBER OF MEMBERS: Individual 420, Institutional 6
REPRESENTATIVE:
President: Emiko MAGOSHI ( J. F. Oberlin University)
ANNUAL MEETINGS:
Nation-wide meetings: three times per year (around March, July and November)
PUBLICATION: Transcultural Management Review
ADDRESS: Secretary General, Transcultural Management Society
c/oProfessor Toshikazu TAKAHASHI,
Faculty of Business Administration, Rissho University,
4-2-16 Osaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 141-8602
e-mail: ibunkakeiei@gmail.com
http://ibunkakeiei.com/

The next annual meeting will be held at Rissho University on February 25, 2017.

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