22-25 July 2019
Tohoku University
Sendai, Japan

IRIDeS, Tohoku University
Laboratory of International Strategy for Disaster Mitigation,
Regional and Urban Reconstruction Research Division468-1-S401 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8572 Japan
www. irides.tohoku.ac.jp/

The APRU International Secretariat
3019, 3/F, IAS Building, HKUSTClear Water Bay, Hong Kong
www.apru.org

Cover : designed by starline / Image used under license from Shutterstock.com

Editor in chief
Takako Izumi (Associate Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University)

Editorial Team
Chikako Hibino (Administrative Assistant, IRIDeS, Tohoku University)
Sayaka Kobayashi (Administrative Assistant, IRIDeS, Tohoku University)
Megumi Ono (Administrative Assistant, IRIDeS, Tohoku University)

2

CONTENTS

Background…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
Opening remarks…………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Presentations………………………………………………………………………………………… 13Group work discussion……………………………………………………………………………… 31
Field trip……………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
Annex I…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46
Annex II…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48

4

Background

Background

The 7th APRU (Association of Pacific Rim Universities) Multi-Hazards Summer School washeld at Tohoku University on 22-25 July 2019. Nearly 60 participants from 11 countries
participated in the event to learn the lessons-learnt and experience from the 2011 Great East

Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, the recovery efforts in the affected areas and discuss thecontribution of academia in the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction (SFDRR).

The Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) is a network of 51 premier research

universities from 18 economies around the Pacific Rim. The International Research Instituteof Disaster Science (IRIDeS) in Tohoku University was established in April 2012 as a new
integrated interdisciplinary research team aiming at conducting world leading research on

natural disaster science and disaster mitigation leaning from and building upon past lessons
in disaster management from Japan and around the world. IRIDeS also provides secretariat
services as the regional program hub to the MH Program.

The APRU-IRIDeS Multi-Hazards (MH) Program was established in April 2013. The Pacific

Rim region has high risks to natural disasters and the universities and research institutes

in the region are expected to contribute to reducing disaster vulnerability and risks andstrengthening disaster management capacity to tackle these challenges. The Program aims toharness the collective capabilities of APRU universities for cutting-edge research on disasterrisk reduction (DRR) as well as contribute to international policy making processes on DRR.
The Summer School is one of the key activities under the MH Program.
●
●
●

●

The key activities of the MH Program include:

Organization of the annual summer school

Organization of the annual APRU MH Symposium

Foster collaboration in disaster research and information/data sharing between APRU
universities

Contribute to DRR discussions at international and regional levels and to a policy making
process.

The need for and importance of science and technology application in disaster risk reduction
has been strongly emphasized especially in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction (SFDRR) adopted in 2015 at the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction.
It underlined the importance of the role of academia in focusing on the disaster risk

factors, increase research for regional, natural and local application, support action by local
communities and support the interface between policy and science for decision-making. It isextremely important for academia to work with different stakeholders to play such key roles.

This summer school is designed to learn from the experience of local government, NGO as
5well as academia and include the lectures not only from the natural science aspect but also thesocial science aspect to enable the participants to understand the diversified elements of DRR.

The IRIDeS continues to host the MH program and contribute to strengthening the disasterscience research and contribute to discussions at international and regional levels to make an
influence on DRR strategy and policy in the region.

Acknowledgement
IRIDeS as the main organizer of this summer school would like to extend a sincere
appreciation to the participants and speakers from different sectors who shared wonderfulexperiences and knowledge regarding DRR issues from different perspectives. Theirinvolvement and participation made a great contribution to the success of this event. In
addition, IRIDeS received tremendous support from the APRU secretariat based in Hong

Kong as well as Tohoku University. The organizer is also grateful for valuable suggestions

and advices provided by the faculty members of IRIDeS on the program development andplanning.

Lastly but not least, this summer school was never implemented without hard works andconsiderable support by the International Strategy for Disaster Mitigation Division of IRIDeS
and the Global Engagement Division, Tohoku University.

6

7

Prof. Hideo Ohno
President of Tohoku University

It is a great pleasure for me to welcome you to Tohoku University for “the APRU-IRIDeS MultiHazards Summer School.”

It has been eight years already since the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

happened on March 11, 2011. Tohoku University has also been playing an important role in
the response and recovery process. In order to contribute to the recovery and provide any

technical support to the process, the International Research Institute of Disaster Science(IRIDeS) was established in Tohoku University. It aims to share our knowledge and experience
globally gained from a wide range of interdisciplinary research, and to contribute to buildinga resilient society against natural disasters. IRIDeS also launched the Multi-Hazards Program

together with Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) in April 2013. Since then, IRIDeS
has become the program hub and coordinates the program activities. This summer school is
one of the major events under the Multi-Hazards Program.

Natural disasters have been serious concerns for many years especially in Asia. We havealready observed the increase of the number and scale of natural disasters especially due

to climate change, urbanization, population density, environmental degradation and so on.
In order to tackle these global challenges, three important international agreements wereadopted in 2015, namely, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris agreement, andthe Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. In particular, the Sendai Framework was

adopted at the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held here in Sendai in 2015.
It is an international blue print which states major national actions in disaster risk reductionand encourages the involvement of all the stakeholders. The support and contribution by
universities and academia is strongly needed to implement the Sendai Framework basedon a variety of interdisciplinary research and the application of science and technology. We
are expected to support action by local communities and authorities as well as support theinterface between policy and science for decision-making.

In November 2017, Tohoku University in collaboration with Sendai City organized “World

Bosai Forum” that brought more than 900 attendees from 42 countries. It provided a platform

for discussions and information exchange among disaster exerts through more than 50

sessions on various topics. We believe it is crucial to maintain discussions on new ideas andsolutions among various stakeholders, share the experience and lessons learned, and address
the voices and needs of communities and citizens. The second World Bosai Forum will beorganized on 9-12 November this year. I do hope many of you will join this important eventand share your research findings with us.

Tohoku University was selected as a “National Designated University” in 2017: only five

universities in Japan were appointed as a recognition of the university’s abilities to leadand shape global education and research. In particular we promote the organization for the8advance studies in four areas – Materials science, Next-generation medical care, Spintronics,
and Disaster science. Tohoku University recognizes the importance of disaster science
research and are determined to become a global leader in this field.

Opening remarks

To conclude, I would like to thank the APRU secretariat for their kind support andcooperation. I wish you every success in this summer school program.

9

Prof. Fumihiko Imamura
Director and Professor of Tsunami Engineering, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Good morning. My name is Fumihiko Imamura, Director of the International ResearchInstitute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University. It is my great pleasure to welcome
you to IRIDeS and to give the opening remarks at the Association of Pacific Rim Universities(APRU)-IRIDeS summer school.

We are grateful to have so many students and faculty members as participants in thisopportunity to learn from each other’s disaster experiences and research. The Great East
Japan Earthquake and Tsunami that happened in 2011, unfortunately, imposed great damageon this region. As a professor of tsunami engineering, I, together with my colleagues, madetremendous efforts to develop a new model to forecast and contribute to building a resilient
city using various structural and non-structural measures in collaboration with the private

sector, governments, and communities. Unfortunately, these efforts are not sufficient. Thismeans that there is much work to do for us to improve disaster risk reduction measures inJapan.

In addition, I believe it is extremely important to share these experiences and lessons

learned from the 2011 disaster globally, especially in the Asian region, which is very prone tonatural disasters. In this sense, this summer school is a great opportunity to share knowledge

and experiences and to solicit your ideas and feedback for future disaster management
through this four-day summer school, which includes a field visit.

IRIDeS was established in 2012 after the 2011 disaster and it has a unique concept thataims to conduct interdisciplinary research. We have nearly 60 faculty members from science,engineering, humanities, social science, as well as medical science working together beyond
each research area to produce a scaled-up outcome. In addition, we conduct action-oriented

research and work very hard to make the best use of research results to enable communities
to use them practically. To contribute to these objectives, we have been organizing theWorld Bosai Forum every two years since the 2015 United Nations World Conference on
Disaster Risk Reduction to share our research results and discuss the challenges with various
stakeholders. Nearly 150,000 participants have joined the event from all over the world todiscuss important issues on disaster mitigation.

Thank you very much again for your participation in and support for this summer school. I

hope the summer school will be fruitful and you will enjoy the discussions.
Thank you very much.

10Ms. Tina Lin
Senior Program Officer, International Secretariat,
Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU)

Dear President Ohno, Professor Imamura, Professor Izumi, dear colleagues and summer
schoolparticipants.

Opening remarks

Good Morning, on behalf of APRU Secretary General, Dr. Chris Tremewan and Policy &Programs Director Ms. Christina Schönleber, I am most delighted to welcome researchers,
students and practitioners from Japan and across the Asia Pacific region to the 7th Annual

Multi-Hazards (MH) Summer School hosted by the International Research Institute of Disaster
Science (IRIDeS) here at Tohoku University.

APRU is very proud of their long standing and close partnership with the colleagues andexperts at Tohoku University. Together, we set up the APRU MH Hub in 2013 to drive forward
the mission help address the challenges relating to disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the region.

The aim of the APRU MH Hub is to harness the research capabilities in DRR of APRU

member universities around the Pacific Rim to address the shared threats of earthquakes,

tsunamis, typhoons and other natural disasters that threaten this region. As part of this highly

important work, IRIDeS has set up and is hosting regular Summer Schools and Campus Safety
Workshops, and promoting APRU annual MH Symposium.

Over the past 7 years, our esteemed colleagues from the MH Program Hub, led andcoordinated by Professor Imamura, Professor Takako Izumi, and supported by its

international Core Group have greatly contributed to shaping the international decision andpolicy making process for DRR. The Program brings impactful findings to regular program

activities, joint publications, as well as to a much boarder constituency such as United Nations
and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

APRU consider capacity building across the region a key objective of this process, including

informing future leaders about key challenges of the Asia-Pacific region to guide their thinking
to address these through research, policy development and on the ground impact.

This MH Summer School is a very important APRU activity for having you as experts andfuture leaders of the region to gain latest knowledge and insights from the perspective ofmultidisciplinary stakeholders engaged in DRR.

Later during this summer school, I will present to you in more depth how the APRU works

with our member universities and external partners to achieve and support policy impact
across a number of programs such as this MH Program and Hub.

Once again, I would like to thank Tohoku University and IRIDeS for their dedication andexpertise in continuing to develop the MH Program and achieving such far-reaching impact. I
wish you all a fruitful and highly-engaging week.

11

12

13

Overview of the International ResearchInstitute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku
University
Kiyoshi Itoh

Deputy Director / Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Tohoku University was founded in 1907 and is the third oldest university in Japan. IRIDeS is the newest

research institute of Tohoku University. IRIDeS was established in April, 2012, approximately one year after the2011 Great East Japan earthquake.

In 2007, prior to the 2011 disaster, some Tohoku University researchers had formed a multidisciplinary

research group to cope with an earthquake off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture which was foreseen to occur

in the near future. The reality of the 2011 disaster far exceeded all predictions, however, and the group was
unable to respond adequately. Tohoku University undertook a major expansion of the group to learn lessons
from the disaster, resulting in the establishment of IRIDeS.

IRIDeS aims at both the revival of Tohoku Disaster areas and the reduction of disaster worldwide. We have

two key words. One is “multidisciplinary.” Scholars in humanities, sciences, social sciences, engineering andmedicine collaborate actively. The other key word is “Practical Disaster Prevention Research.” Our ultimate
objective is to contribute to the actual society.

In IRIDeS, there are 7 Research Divisions and 37 Research Fields. To date we have conducted numerous

studies which can be categorized by “the disaster cycle”: “understand and prepare for a disaster,” “respond to
the disaster after it occurred,” “recover from the disaster,” and finally, “mitigate future disasters through DRR
education.” We also emphasize forging links with diverse stakeholders, both domestically and internationally,
as researchers alone cannot realize safer and more resilient society.

Organization of IRIDeS
There are 180 members including:‐ 53 researchers and 30 researchers withconcurrent appointments‐ 9 specially appointed visiting professors‐ 2 senior researchers‐ 70 lab workers/technical assistants/secretaries‐ 16 administrative staff(as of June 2019)14

IRIDeS forging links with diverse stakeholders

Presentations

It has been 8 years since the Great East Japan
Earthquake……
“Disaster”

災
IRIDeS members have been working hard to“turn the disaster into happiness”

15

Disaster Risk Reduction: Japan as adisaster-prone country and learningfrom past disasters
Osamu Murao

Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Japan is one of the disaster-prone countries, having earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, typhoons,heavy rains, or floods. The presentation given by Prof. Murao at the Multi-Hazards Summer School 2018
was about Japanese disaster risk reduction experiences, consisted of the following five topics:
1) How do you evaluate urban disaster risk?
2) Disaster Life Cycle

3) Sendai Framework and “Build Back Better”
4) 1934 Hakodate Great Fire

5) Japan as a Disaster-prone Country and Learning from the Past Disasters

The presentation started with a question, “How do you evaluate urban disaster risk?” and explained

urban disaster risk with definitions of “hazard,” “vulnerability,” and “exposed value.” The second topic
focused on “Disaster Life Cycle,” an idea to deal with disaster management with sequential phases,“emergency response,” “recovery,” “mitigation,” and “preparedness.” Then Sendai Framework for

Disaster Risk Reduction, which was adopted at the third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
2015, was explained, with Build Back Better concept as the third topic. Japanese people have learnt
many things from those disastrous experiences to make societies safer. The presentation introduced the1934 Hakodate Great Fire and how the disaster changed the urban fabric in the process of post-disasterrecovery, followed by other important recovery cases in Japanese history.

16

International strategy for disaster risk reduction:
implementation of the Sendai framework fordisaster risk reduction (SFDRR)
Takako Izumi

Associate Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

It is well-known that a major portion of the disaster management budget was spent during the post-disaster

phase, such as disaster response and recovery, and not for the pre-disaster phase, such as disaster mitigationand preparedness. However, since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the adoption of the Hyogo Framework
for Action (HFA) in 2005 at the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction, people have gained moreinterest in and a better understanding of disaster mitigation and preparedness.

For instance, after the enactment of the HFA, countries’ DRR efforts have increased, with the understandingthat disasters harm the GDP and national growth. Because of the tremendous economic loss following adisaster, it takes a long time to recover from its damage; therefore, investing in DRR is extremely important

Presentations

and has to be strengthened. While a certain level of improvement in this field was observed, it was obviousthat further DRR efforts were needed, and better involvement and collaboration by various stakeholders wereindispensable.

In 2015, the SFDRR was adopted at the UN World Conference on DRR in 2016. It emphasized theimportance of applying science and technology in DRR, along with scientific evidence-based policy anddecision-making. To achieve the goals of DRR, academia and universities would play a critical role; in the
SFDRR, the roles of academia are stated as follows:
1) Focus on disaster risk factors and scenarios,

2) Increase research for regional, national, and local application,3) Support action by local communities and authorities, and

4) Support the interface between policy and science for decision-making.

In the science and technology application process, the following are extremely important.
a)

The fact that science and technology cannot solve everything, as they have limitations and constraints.

b)

Interdisciplinary research (combination of natural and social sciences).

c)d)

How would one fill these gaps? Through human behavior, education-based actions, and social science–
based awareness.

Working together with other stakeholders especially with practitioners. (Knowledge should not bemonopolized by academia. Technology and tools have to be “usable.”)Strengthening capacity development and empowerment for future DRR experts (government officials,

community leaders, etc.).

17

18

Recovery after the great East Japan
Earthquake and Tsunami of 3.11.2011
Elizabeth Maly

Associate Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

The 3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami was a massive, complex disaster—including earthquake,tsunami, and nuclear meltdown—causing devastation in the Tohoku region. The disaster struck and recovery

is occurring within the multiple contexts of society, geography, and disaster history in Japan and the affected
region. 8 years after the disaster, community and housing recovery is underway, but challenges remain.
Ongoing Town and Housing Recovery

Vulnerable to many and frequent disasters, Japan also has established laws, policies and precedents fordisaster recovery. However, the scale of GEJE, and the corresponding recovery was unprecedented, and the

Presentations

national government created a Reconstruction Agency, and a menu of 40 recovery projects fully funded by thenational government. Municipal governments are responsible for making the recovery plans for their towns,

choosing from these projects. Most municipal governments’ recovery plans include collective relocation fordisaster mitigation (which includes providing lots for private housing reconstruction as well as public housing)(Figure 1) and construction of disaster recovery public housing (Figure 2). As of May 2018, preparation wascomplete for 89% of 18,000 planned residential lots, and as of April 2018, 96% of 30,553 planned units ofpublic housing were completed.

More complicated recovery in Fukushima

Because of the nuclear meltdown at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, radioactive contamination

has led to long term displacement for evacuees. Compared to Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures, which suffered
the most severe tsunami damage, the situation and challenges faced by evacuees in Fukushima is complex.

In the first few years after the nuclear meltdown, two of the differences that show additional challenges for
Fukushima evacuees are shown in Figure 3.

1) The higher number of “indirect deaths” compared to direct tsunami deaths, reflecting the stress and negative

impact of multiple, prolonged, and uncertain evacuation. 2) The large number of people who evacuated outside
their home prefecture. This leads to more complications to provide and access support. In addition, since
the Japanese government makes a distinction between “official” evacuees (who are from areas with official

evacuation orders) and “voluntary” evacuees (who decided to evacuate away from their hometowns althoughthese areas have been designated “safe”). As the evacuation zones are revised, people from these areas will lose

their access to government support. Even after evacuation orders are lifted, few people return. For example,
in Okuma Town, where the evacuation order was lifted for 40% of the town area in April 2019, only 3.5% ofresidents returned (Mainichi Shimbun, 4/10/2019).

Overall Characteristics and Challenges for Tohoku Recovery●

Recovery in coastal areas of Tohoku faces various challenges, including the fact that the disaster area

is not uniform, but rather made up of large cities and small towns, areas that have merged with other●municipalities. Adapting standard recovery policies to local conditions was/is difficult.

Socially, the Tohoku region was also facing the situation of population aging even more rapidly than Japan19

overall; in some places, disaster is speeding up the process, as young people may not move back to former●

hometowns.

Before the GEJE, many households in the disaster area traditionally lived in large single family detachedhomes. It is difficult to rebuild in a similar way on their own, or by using government –supported housing

recovery programs. The resulting change in living environments could be especially difficult for elderly●

residents to adjust to.

The reliance on relocation to high land areas is difficult for many reasons, including the fact that housing

relocation programs do not include any other uses, making it impossible to recreate mixed use pre-tsunami●

communities with integrated housing, businesses, and shops.

Large scale investment in infrastructure relocation (mountaintop cutting, land preparation) is

disproportionate to future residential population, the futures of new residential areas may not besustainable in the future.

Some of the additional challenges for recovery in Fukushima are compounded by the Japanese recovery policies,

planning and programs based on the principles of hometown recovery (furusato recovery), in which relocation
projects carried out within individual towns. This logic of hometown recovery also informs the methods ofsupport for housing and life in the interim/temporary phase, and does not support the situation of long-term,

scattered, distant, uncertain displacement of nuclear evacuees. Issues faced by nuclear evacuees and theirformer/current/future communities may not be solvable using the Japanese recovery schema. These unsolvableproblems in Fukushima are not only a result of an inadequate Japanese recovery schema, but rather are awicked problem with no correct answer. In this case, the goal should be to improve the situation, which in thiscase means to improve the lives of the evacuees as much as possible.

Figure 1. (left) Recovery planning, which relocates residential uses to highland areas. Residential lots for private
rebuilding by homeowners are provided for sale or rent, as well as Disaster Recovery Public Housing.

Figure 2. (Right) Public Housing is provided in multi-family apartment style buildings, as well as single family
detached houses in more rural areas such as fishing villages.
20

Presentations

Figure 3. Additional challenges for Fukushima evacuees compared to those from Iwate and Miyagi prefecture
are reflected by the higher number of “indirect deaths” compared to direct tsunami deaths, and the large
number of people who evacuated outside their home prefecture.

21

Medical and Public Health Needs in Disaster
Shinichi Egawa, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.S
Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) described for the first time as a DRR framework thatdisaster affects health. Sendai Framework aims to reduce a) mortality, b) affected people, c) direct economic

loss by implementations of d) infrastructure, e) national and local strategies, f) international cooperation, and g)
multi-hazard early warning system. Sendai Framework targets to reduce the damage to critical infrastructures,
i.e. hospitals and schools. These movements are because of the imperative of health as a fundamental humanright. Heath cluster is one of the DRR clusters to improve preparedness and efficient response.

After 1995 Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake, Japan has established national disaster medical system

including Disaster Base Hospitals, Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT), Staging Care Unit andTransportation System, Emergency Medical Information System (EMIS) and Disaster Medical Coordinators.

This system helped many lives in 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakeand 2018 West Japan Floods. However, every disaster has difference in medical and public health needs.

Especially after GEJE, the change of medical needs in non-communicable diseases and mental health weremore remarkable rather than trauma. This was because of resilient buildings, aging of the community andfocusing more on mental health. Additional improvements of the national disaster medical system include thenation-wide implementation of disaster medical coordinators (Egawa 2017), improvement of EMIS function
and various liaisons for children, hemodialysis patients, Disaster Psychiatry Assistance Team (DPAT), Japan

Rehabilitation Assistance Team (JRAT), Disaster Health Emergency Assistance Team (DHEAT) and so on.
Those teams join the medical coordination sector in the prefectural disaster headquarters in the periodical

disaster drills co-organized by Cabinet Office of Japan assuming South Trough Earthquake in near future. Thus,

flexibility and preparedness of medical and public health response is mandatory. Academia can contributeby research and development to improvedisaster medicine. One of the methodologies

is simulation modeling of disaster situation.
Agent-based or system dynamics simulation

provides a better insight of disaster situation
without actual damage. For example, Ebola Virus

Disease is a highly infectious and lethal disease
and its outbreak claimed tens of thousands of
lives in West Africa in 2014. I created an agentbased simulation model, that can change theparameters related to the length of people’s andmedia’s memory. By varying the parameters,

the outcome (outbreak of the disease andresulting death toll) changes from 0 to 414 in a town of 1,000 population. Identifying the factors related to thevulnerability or coping capacity of the society can be validated using actual data.

I also analyzed the correlation between life expectancy (LE) and the INFORM disaster risk index according

to the hypothesis “healthy society is a resilient society against disaster” (Egawa 2018). LE negatively correlates
22with the INFORM risk. Japan is a country withhigh risk of natural hazards, but Japan has high LE,

less vulnerability and more coping capacity. The
effort to make the LE high is not the task of healthsector alone. Economical development, resilientand functional infrastructure, good road andcommunications assuring the accessibility to thehealth system and human development totally makes

Presentations

the LE high and INFORM risk low. Several healthrelated risk indices in INFORM risk correlates with the LE negatively suggesting that social determinants ofhealth also correlates with disaster risk.

In conclusion, DRR should be people-centered and the collaboration of health and all other DRR clusters

is the best way to protect people’s physical and mental health understanding the change of health risks in
disaster.

References:

1. Egawa S, Suda T, Jones-Konneh TEC,

Murakami A, Sasaki H. Nation-Wide
Implementation of Disaster Medical
Coordinators in Japan. Tohoku J Exp

Med. 2017; 243(1): 1-9. doi: http://doi.
org/10.1620/tjem.243.1
2.

Egawa S, Jibiki Y, Sasaki D, Ono Y,

Nakamura Y, Suda T, Sasaki H. The correlation between life expectancy and disaster risk. Journal of Disaster
Research 2018; 13(6): 1049-1061. doi: http://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1049

23

Towards disaster risk reduction city – Tagajo~Disaster-resilient city~
Takumi Fujimura

Bureau of Reconstruction Promotion, Office of Mayor, Tagajo City

Tagajo City is located in the eastern region of Miyagi Prefecture near Sendai City, about 12 kilometers awayfrom central Sendai, with a population of 62,000. Tagajo City was greatly damaged by the Great East Japan
Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011. The tsunami hit the city approximately one hour after the earthquake. The
highest wave reached 4.6 meters. One-third (662 ha) of the city was inundated by water, and about 12,000
people fled to evacuation sites such as schools.

A severe and inconvenient evacuation life started. As a result of the tsunami, a total of 188 precious lives

were lost, and over 11,000 houses were destroyed in the city. Factories and offices in the industrial area were
almost totally destroyed. Before the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, it was estimated that there wasa 99% probability of an earthquake within 30 years off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture. Therefore, citizens wererelatively prepared for earthquakes, and most were aware of how terrifying tsunamis were. At the same time,

however, most people knew that Tagajo City was never affected by tsunamis in the past, and thus adopted thementality that Tagajo would be unaffected even after the large-scale tsunami warning was issued. As a result,some people did not evacuate quickly, and others who evacuated by cars were caught in traffic jams, causing
many injuries and loss of lives.

There are four major points in the DRR city strategy.

1. “Developing a disaster-resilient city.” Four strategies have been drawn up, centering on the construction of
infrastructure.

2. “Increasing DRR capability based on self-help and mutual help.” Two strategies have been implemented so
3.
4.

that citizens and local communities can cope with disasters by themselves, rather than depending fully on
local administrations.

“Sharing disaster experience.” The aim of this strategy is to pass on the experience of disasters accurately
to future generations so that they are not forgotten.

“DRR technology.” This is a strategy that enables companies to maximize their strength and be involved inprojects that only regions damaged by the disaster can engage in, enabling these areas to turn the disaster
experience into something productive and positive.

Under the four goals, eight implementation strategies were established.
Strategy 1: “Building multiple barriers for tsunami.”

Although sea walls will be constructed along the coast as a result of the damages seen in the 2011 disaster,these are only sufficient to cope with tsunamis that will strike once in 100 years. Therefore, when a hugetsunami that occurs once in 1,000 years strikes, overflow and flooding will result. This strategy aims to
overcome this situation by considering evacuation as the basic policy, even though multiple barriers will

be built. Specifically, main projects include the development of evacuation announcement facilities to send
information accurately and swiftly, the construction of evacuation roads, the designation of temporary escapebuildings to rescue people who are unable to evacuate, and the building of barriers to reduce the force and24speed of tsunamis.

Strategy 2: “Developing earthquake-resilient city.”This strategy aims to increase earthquake-resistant roads and bridges, and to promote the retrofit of woodenbuildings to make them earthquake-resistant.
Strategy 3: “Minimizing flood damage.”

There is a higher risk of flooding due to the fact that the ground has sunk after the Great East Japan

Presentations

Earthquake and Tsunami, and due to a recent trend of heavy rain in a short period of time. To overcome
this problem, projects such as the development of a rainwater draining system and the construction of new
rainwater drain pumps have been planned.

Strategy 4: “Developing a disaster response system.”During the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, the number of people who evacuated was far greaterthan previously estimated. Thus, evacuation support was insufficient. By reflecting on that experience, wehave reviewed our disaster response system.
Strategy 5: “Enhancing self-help ability.”

The aim of this strategy is to enable citizens themselves to prepare for disasters. Paired with Tohoku

University’s International Research Institute of Disaster Science, we have developed the DRR handbook thatoutlines measures on how to cope with and prepare for disasters. We have been holding classes for citizens
making use of this handbook.

Strategy 6: “Strengthening community DRR capacity.”This strategy aims for the improvement of DRR capacity, as well as mitigation of local communities by suchtactics as voluntary emergency drills.

Strategy 7: “Sharing disaster experience.”

Many pictures of the 2011 disaster were taken, and it is crucial to preserve and compile those records
carefully, and to share it with future generations.
Strategy 8: “DRR Research Park Program.”

This strategy seeks to promote DRR technology development as well as the accumulation and creation ofindustries using DRR technology by utilizing space created from factories damaged by the earthquake.

As well as to promote the DRR city strategy, the city felt the need to enhance urban development toaccomplish recovery and reconstruction. For this reason, the Tagajo City Library was built, combining
25

restaurants, a book store, childcare center and a parents’ support center. The aim is to create the best cultural
hub in the Tohoku region.

Tagajo City experienced tremendous loss due to the tsunami. To change the way of thinking from negative
to positive to promote urban development, the city will go on with strong determination to carry out DRR
measures and reconstruction.

26

Disaster Prevention Learning in Elementary
School after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Kiyoshi Araake

Principal, Kouya Elementary School in Watari town

After the 2011 great East Japan earthquake and tsunami, our school has been implementing DRR methods

and education in our daily activities. It has been eight years since the disaster, and because most of the young
people today do not remember it, using topics or terms that are familiar to them is important, as that would
make them understand that it might also happen to them in the near future.

For example, to attract their attention, the class started with the words “There was a big disaster sometime ago in Miyagi prefecture—yes, where we live now,” like an old story was being told. This is an easier andmore effective approach for students to learn DRR in the regular curriculum, as DRR elements are introducedin each grade level or in regular subjects. Several facts about tsunamis were shared in class, such as how they

Presentations

cover a distance of 100 meters in 10 seconds, which is as fast as Olympic runners so that students gain abetter understanding of tsunamis and, thus, prepare for them. This teaches the students that they cannot win
a race against a tsunami the same way they cannot win against an Olympic sprinter. This way, students realizethat once a tsunami hits, they will get caught in it. In math class, the students placed rulers on their own

bodies to understand how high a 30-centimeter wave is; even a small tsunami of that height can wash people

away. Simultaneously, the students also felt how strong the water pressure is in their swimming classes
during the summer.

DRR education can be integrated into regular subjects such as math (recognizing magnitude), science (water

action), and social studies (geography and the Japanese constitution). Furthermore, some emotional stories

regarding the disaster were shared with the students so they feel the agony of the whole experience. An
example of this was when a digital camera with priceless memories was lost when it was washed away by thetsunami. Another was when my brand-new car was lost because of the raging waters. Moreover, appreciative

statements were also shared in class, such as the expression of gratitude for relief aid and to volunteers after
the 2011 tsunami. It is important to encourage children to develop the initiative to support others during
disasters and to offer a helping hand to their friends when they are in trouble. Although the objective of

our DRR education is to “protect lives,” it also aims to promote a healthy mind-set among children througheducation.

In the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, vast amounts of private property were lost, and people were forced tolive under difficult conditions. However, at the same time, people tried to get creative to survive under theseinconvenient and difficult circumstances. Students who did not experience the 2011 disaster were taught that
tremendous recovery efforts made it possible for people to return to their normal lives, which is extremely
precious.

As the class ended, stories of recent disasters, such as the heavy rains and flooding in West Japan, wereshared, and our students expressed sympathy and encouragement to children in the affected areas, who are
currently going through a difficult time.

27

28

Nowcasting and Forecasting Major Earthquakes
John Rundle

Distinguished Professor, University of California, Davis, USA

Nowcasting, Forecasting and Prediction – What’s the Difference?
●

A nowcast is a determination of the current state of a complex dynamical system using indirect means.
An example of a nowcast is: “A region in a circle of radius 100 km around Sendai is 30% through its●

earthquake cycle for a magnitude 6 earthquake.”

A deterministic prediction can be defined as a deterministic statement that can be verified by a single

observation. An example of a prediction is: “There will be a magnitude 6 earthquake next week in Sendai●

within 100 km of Sendai.”

A probabilistic forecast can be defined as a statement of probability that requires multiple observations

Presentations

to establish a confidence level. An example of a forecast is: “There is a 40% chance of a magnitude 6
earthquake within 200 km of Sendai during 2019.”

Nowcasting

Nowcasting is a term originating from economics andfinance. It refers to the process of determining the uncertain
state of the economy or markets at the current time byindirect means. We apply this idea to seismically active

regions, where the goal is to determine the current state of
the fault system, and its current level of progress through theearthquake cycle. In our implementation of this idea, we use

the global catalog of earthquakes, using "small" earthquakes

to determine the level of hazard from "large" earthquakes in
the region.

Our method does not involve any model other than theidea of an earthquake cycle. Rather, we define a specificregion and a specific large earthquake magnitude of interest,
ensuring that we have enough data to span at least ~20 ormore large earthquake cycles in the region. We then computethe earthquake potential score (EPS) which is defined as the
cumulative probability distribution P(n<n(t)) for the current
count n(t) for the small earthquakes in the region.

From the count of small earthquakes since the last large

earthquake, we determine the value of EPS = P(n<n(t)). EPS
is therefore the current level of hazard, and assigns a number
between 0% and 100% to every region so defined, thus
providing a unique measure. Physically, the EPS corresponds

to an estimate of the level of progress through the earthquake cycle in the defined region at the current.
29ForecastingThis lecture reviewed and discussed a currently operating

real time earthquake forecast for California and the world. The

forecast method was described in terms of the standard modelof elastic rebound theory of earthquakes, and also provide

a guide to its use and interpretation of results. The forecast

methodology includes both a forecast and a residential damage
estimator The basic forecast method was then reduced topractice and is currently online at www.openhazards.com. A

mobile app (“QuakeWorks”) implementing the forecast can be
downloaded from the Apple App Store.

The earthquake forecast provides a computation of theprobability of a major earthquake occurring in a user-defined
region over the next 3 months, 1 year, or 3 years. Magnitude
ranges of earthquakes calculated for the forecast are M= >5,>6, >7, and >8. The forecast probabilities, which can changevery rapidly in time, make use of a real-time seismic catalog

comprised of the USGS earthquake catalog, updated with the

30-day real time feed. Calculations are performed daily at about 21:30 Pacific Time and are then updated on
the web site at about midnight Pacific Time.

Both prospective and retrospective (“backtesting”) have been performed on the general forecast methods

to determine accuracy and reliability, yielding a 1-year accuracy of about 80%-85% in space and time. Testing
has used standard methods of forecast validation and verification developed in other fields. The forecast

is extensible, and is used as input to a standard ground motion algorithm, which is then used as input to a
published structural damage model. The damage model assumes that structures conform to the International
Building Code applicable at the time they were built.

The resulting calculations allow the user to obtain an estimate of the probability of an earthquake, theresulting peak ground acceleration, and the likely damage to residential structures having specified properties.

30

31

GROUP WORKThe following questions were given to the groups:
1)2)Develop a DRR project proposal that applies and uses your research results/findings. It has to include
both natural science and social science perspectives.

Who needs to get involved in project implementation? What are their roles in the project?

GROUP1

INTEGRATIVE DISASTER REDUCTION

Group:1

BACKGRAND
Flood
Quincycase study flood in CHINA

Need solution!!!
Year

Objective: Reduce the Risk
Methodology: R=Hazard ×Vulnerability
Capacity
Activity:①definition of flood in china →data of occurrence, mapping the data(analysis with suffers)→data from the government, community
date of rainfall→data from climate center
date of infrastructure →data from governs
date of land use change②definition of vulnerably→social vulnerably→interactive to the community, data of demographic profile from the government
physical vulnerably→ street, people live
③definition of capacity→policy roles related to disaster/flood
date from the central government +local government
date of facilities rollup to disaster program from gorvenment
local program related to disaster

32

GROUP2Group work discussions

Group:2-engineers(civil,structural)-Seismologists,
geologists,-localgovernment
officials-medical/ rescue
workers
Geology&Engineer-Feedback onmonitoring ability-continual
monitoring-feedback on what
data types weremost useful fordisaster response
decision making-reconstruction
projects(roads,
buildings,…)-temporary housing,hospital, school ,constriction
consultation-Officers-scholars

Check the crowd
Reconsider the setup of urban design
Management

Social-implement-technicians

Relocation
Science-local government-Officers-allocate livinghood materials
officials-medical/resuqueworkers-technicians
Officer Population survey,-seismologists,-Engineers
geologists,
evacuation plan & route,
Scholar-Geologist
physical scientist-Seismologist
evacuation center
Electronics Nature-Local government
Nature-Residents
Science-MedicalScience-establish communication
Electronic
Earthquakeroots between officials &Drilling, test,-monitorscientists
TSUNAMIinstallation of
instruments and -identify high risk areas-search for（Japan)-trigger systemdata(shaking low ground, liquefactions)hardwareerrors or-keep officials-monitor-keep instruments maintained
Local
any
(gov, medicals of -retrofitting recommendthesystemGovernment
Disasterdamage on
new hazards
make sure it is↓←NGO
equipment(aftershocks,
Preventive Public
functioningliquefaction..）-repair andpopulation

Education-Monitor hospital capacities/supplies-sanitation(water, food,livehood)-how response system works-the population must seriously affected (why?)-the main cause of live loss/injury

CDC
hospital
Public Nature
health Science

ready fornext
operation

33

GROUP3

Group:3

DEVELOPING MANILA INTO A SUSTAINABLE & RESILIENT CITI

Background:-frequently sufferingfrom natural disasters-highly populated-no city wide plans
natural disasters
Researchproblems:-infrastructure?
-education?
-awareness?
-sustainability?
Objectives:-↑sustainabilityof actions-↑cooperation ofdifferent sectors

34

RESILIENCE
CYCLE

Pre-disaster-Disaster simulation
Government-Resourcefulness (observation strength)↓-Enough Health Resources
Multi-stakeholder -Robustness-Skillful human resources-Redundancy↓-Education
Public Participation-Redundant infrastructure-Communication system

Post-

disaster・Recovery -Evacuation-Local-Infrastructure
government improvement-Citizen-Relocation-Psychologically care
-Benefit associations

During-disaster・Response-Localgovernment-Citizen(safeandMutual(〜）-Evacuation site

construction-Suitable nutrition
food ,clean water-Quarantine-Protection-Message delivery

GROUP4

Group work discussions

Group:4-1
SEDRP 7 Targets
1. Disaster mortality
2. No-of affected people
3. Economic loss
4. Infrastructure damage
5. DRR national/local strategy
6. International cooperation
7. FWS and DR information

4 Priorities
1. Understanding disaster risk
2. Strengthening disaster risk governance tomanage disaster risk
3. Investing in DRR for resilience
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for
effective response and Build back betterfor effective response and to Build backbetter in recovery, rehabilitation &reconnection.

Group:4-2

Framework for an Early Warning System in the Cordillera Region in the Philippines(landslide and typhoon)

1.Risk Mapping andAssessment □-Understand the risks toproperly mitigate it-Based on high-quality
simulations, site investigation,
post data, local knowledge, etc.
Involved: National
government ,local
government ,academia, NGOs,
local leaders.

2.Insuranace ※-Government should corporativewith insure companies to sell
the catastrophe policies.
-Government responsible forclaims and compensation.
-Insurance companies
responsible for selling policies
by their own sales channels.
Involved: government, Insurancecompanies

3.Early warning systems ○-Using satellites we gain weather
information, we can forecast
rainfall and humidity, minimize
the use of sensors and reduce
costs.
-Establish a central of dateprocessing
Involved National government,International agencies, academia,
local government.

5.Development of acommunication strategy ☆△-Use local language-”bath ngaw”(bells,sirens)

6.Development of a evacuationplans □
-Based on the hazards. The
characteristics of population
including minorities,
communities strategies.
-Find the safe zones anddevelop evacuation
Involved: National
government ,local
government ,academia, NGOs,
local leaders. Community
members, private sectors.

7.Education of local
communities ☆※○-Conduct of seminars, capacity
building trainings.
-Develop pamphlets(using local
language, and in the active andcontact)
Involved: Local community
leaders,
academia(resherchrs),NGOs,loc
al community members, local
disaster risk reduction andmanagement council.

-landlines
Involved: local media, local
DRRM council, local community
leaders, academia, national
govt (department of science&technology)

4.Sageline studies ☆△-Sociological (ethnic minority
population, local language,
culture, role of women andelder in DRR)e use of ‒-Infrastructure-Economic(solove it live hood)
Involved local government,
academia, NGOs, elder local
community

Group member*Yixuan Wang△*Yang Hangyi ※*Yui Numazawa○*Joanna Laddaran☆
*Ruben Vargas□

35

GROUP5

STUDY FRAMEWORKGroup:5-1

・Global Framework
SDGʼs
SEDRR
goal2

ClimateChangeThe New urban Agn.
Strengthening urban-rural linkage

DRR & CCA
Urban-Rural Nexus

Rural

Drought

Framework Development
ClimateChange
Food

Water

Food

Urban

Members

Hazard Focus

Priority

Key actors①VibhasFloods & Drought

Water security

Local gov,
community②Rolando

Floods & Drought

Food security③Suju

Multi hazards

Disaster statistics

Research org.

④NareshEarthquakes

Resilient city

Local gov,
community⑤AbdulMulti hazards

Health & wellbeing

Local gov,
Hospital etc.

⑥ZainulFloodsCommunity refill

Local gov,
community

Health*stakeholders

・Local municipalities
・Community groups
・Department of Health/Hospital
・Schools /Institutes
・Department of water, drainage, irrigation・NGOʼs・Community Wellbeing Organization

LOCAL LEVEL APPLICABILITY

Group:5-2

DRR & CCA PLAN

Strengthening Food & Water security through city Region perspective

Flood
Water contamination→Flood quality→Disease outbreak

36“

Drought
Water shortage→Food production→Food & nutrition security

Key actors

Key areas of intervention

Specific strategy

Policy recommendation

Local gov,

Policy coordination

Local strategy plan
Zoning plan
Public awarenessEstablish an independent body toensure Urban-Rural cohesion

Community Org.
(NGOs,CSOs,NPOs)

Collaborative Eng.
Improve solidarity
Improve partnership

Improve production methods
Improve water efficiency
Producer-consumer relationship

Collaborative Food Alliances

Healthful,academia/Researcher

Preventive, Promotion,
Durative & Rehabilitation
・Research→inactive water, food/security

・Education awareness・Strengthening the collaboration
among health sector .
doctor, epidemiologist ,nurse
・Temporary health fallings
・Cor & chns research data
・Community risks to the local
government & community
・Suggesting innovative solutions

Guideline for emergency
situation-healthwellbeing's(handbook)-Academia-policy
engagement

GROUP6

Group work discussions

Group:6
OBJECTIVE

IMPROVE THE PREPARATION SYSTEM AND
IMPLEMENTION
ON TSUNAMI DRIVEN BY SUBMARINE LANDSLIDEON SUNDA STRAIT,INDONESIA

・Early warning system

・Citizen・Tourist・Government
・NGO・Local sectors
・Industry・Public
Hazard information/knowledge,education
Disaster・Assessment disaster response
・Build the new building that

acceptable standard for disaster・International
・National
・Local・Tsunami
・Disaster Civil
・recalling memories
about future disaster

Work
Together
betweenagencies

Situation-Sunda stuit Tsunami
Dec 22,2018 21:20 utc+7
Highest =13m high,Ave 6m highBackground-mortality 429
people,Injured-1,530people,manymortalities in 709
Tourists=tourism area,Destroyed500 permanent, semi-permanent
Bldgs.
Assessment-Many people diedlost of damage,:potential for “slowonset tunami →submarine
landslide because of volcano.
RecommendationsNew building-re-development
especially on tourism area
More many rules to diverse powerof the tunami

37

GROUP7Group:7
BACKGROUND
Uufunctioning EWS“Buoy”in Sunda strait
TsunamiCause: stden, not wellmaintain
Impact: worse the damage

DRR PROJECTINVESTING IN MORESUSTAINABLE EWS

Understand・existing technologies
compare & Asean gaps(new development)
・Disaster mechanisms & hazards
・Feasibility, acceptability,& social impacts
・Financial considerations

Plan

Modify・EWS to meetnational &local
needs
・EWS toaccommodate worst
case scenario

Act

Do

Check

Implement
・most effective technology
・Financial plan
Coordinate
・with local and national
stakeholders
Communicate
・with national to local
government to improve
be repairing procedures

Evaluate
・Effectiveness of EWS・Health &Social impacts
・Implementation
challenges and successes

38

GROUP8Group:8-1

Title:
Multi level stakeholder approach for strengthening urban disaster resilienceNGO,municipal common,
Elderly community
Disable community
Interest based community

Prediction

Method :GIS&CA

Meeting between
urban
stakeholders

Evolution of the disaster (e.g. earthquake)
Dissemination
to community level/public

Outcome・Inclusive Process
・Stakeholders Commitment
・Collective responsibility

Multi-hazard chain
Multi-disaster risk
mapsimulation

Decision mange(optimizing problem)by GOVTGOVT
Community Leaders
Private sector
Academia/Experts

Group:8-2

Group work discussions

Parties Involved
GOVT
Community Leaders
Private sector
Academia/Experts

OUTPUT of STAKEHOLDERMEETING

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Mitigation-Government*Build evacuation center*Making Integrated
Roadmap*Evacuation & Monitoring*Strengthening
vulnerable & facileness*Zoning plan*Communication &Coordination*Dispatch rescue team

*Build back better(BBB)*Committed tocommunity
Participation on recovery
process*Making a hazard map*Preparing drilling forcommunity*Provide disastereducation curriculum forschool-Private sector*BCP*Finance stocking*Finance evacuation
center & possible*Provided emergency
food/ stockpile*Provide heavyequipment forreconstruction*Provide investment for(BBB)-Community*Shared information*Increase social capital*Provide feed to Govt.
plan*Following the plan
*Collecting data ofmembers(Vulnerable
member)*CO-production ofrecovery policy*Update local knowledge-Experts/NGO*Updating data collection*Provide recommendation
for Govt.
*Building capacity ofcommunity to prepare
disaster*Provide information*Collection data of impact
or disaster*Promote technology +innovations for recovery*Disseminate local
knowledge

39

40

41

Field trip with the participants to Arahama Elementary School andOnagawa Town on 24 July 2019

The participants joined the field trip to the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in2011. The places include the Arahama Elementary School in Sendai City and Onagawa Town. At Onagawa town,

the session of Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences (TEAMS) was conducted by TEAMS, TUMSAT,UNESCO and IRIDeS.

< Arahama Elementary School, Sendai city>42< Session of Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences (TEAMS)>
Title of the session: Restoration and maintainance of sustainable and rich coastal seas through Sciences:
How does Tohoku Ecosystem-associated Marine Sciences Project communicate coastal stakeholders toward
restoration of coastal ecosystems from multiple-hazardous events?

Lecturer group: Hiroshi Kitazato (TUMSAT) and Yuri Oki (TUMSAT, TEAMS), Soichiro Yasukawa (UNESCO),
Akihiro Kijima (Tohoku Univ., TEAMS)

Aims of the session: Coastal areas are one of the most highly populated zones of the world. Because, trafficsystems and fisheries are well developed along the coasts. On the other side, multiple disastrous events
frequently take place at the areas. More than half of the world populations, thus, are concentrate into thecoastal zone. We need to know what kind of both natural and societal systems play to sustain coastal lives.

Coastal ecosystems are sustained by material transportations of both terrestrial and marine realms. Riversystems that are flown from surrounding mountainous lands transport both sediments and nutrients into
coastal seas. Nutrients and sediment particles are also brought from open seas by the offshore and/or longshore currents. These material cycles basically sustain coastal ecosystems.

According to these material cycles at coastal areas, gradual distribution of coastal habitat exists along coasts.

Field trip

These ecosystems are lead ground, salt marsh, tidal flat, sea grass meadows, sandy beach and others. It calls
ecotone. Each ecosystem has own ecological function each other.

Northeastern coast of the Japanese Islands are rich in nutrients, diverse and big in biomasses of marineorganisms. This is because the area is one of the biggest fishing fields in the world.

On March 11, 2011, big Earthquake and Tsunamis hit northeast Japan and washed coastal systems out

from coastal areas including fishery systems. For the aims to monitor recovery processes of disturbed marine
ecosystem and transfer useful information to the local stakeholders, we have been made researches on
mappings of marine environments and organisms, recover of marine aquaculture systems, interviews withlocal peoples for social analyses and small workshop meetings with local fishermen, divers and scientists.

During the workshop, we plan to show conceptual ecological models of coastal systems, world tendency ofdisaster risk reduction movements, and showing a couple of success stories how scientists transfer / share
their knowledge together with local citizens. Details are shown in the following agenda.
Agenda:# Keynote 1: Visualization of coastal ecosystems through “habitat mapping” data accumulation towardsustainable managements of coastal ecosystems (Hiroshi KITAZATO, TUMSAT)# Keynote 2: Current global activities of ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) research (SoichiroYASUKAWA, UNESCO) (remote presentation through Skype or Zoom from Paris)# Keynote 3: Lessons from success stories at the Tohoku Areas (Yuri OKI, TUMSAT-TEAMS)

Case study 1: Sustainable oyster aquaculture at Togura, Minami-Sanriku Town, Miyagi Prefecture
43

Case Study 2: Sea-wall construction with protecting coastal ecosystems (Ecotone) at Okirai Bays, Iwate
Prefecture

Case Study 3: Accumulation of local knowledge through workshops with coastal fishery peoples (including
Ama divers) and scuba divers. Onagawa, Miyagi Prefecture and Toba, Mie Prefecture# Visit Onagawa Field Research Center, Tohoku University guided by Prof. Akihiro KIJIMA (Tohoku Univ.TEAMS)

44

<Onagawa Station>

Field trip

45

ANNEX I: APRU-IRIDeS Summer School Program
22-23, 25 July: Seminar at the IRIDeS building on the Aobayama New Campus, Tohoku University
24 July: Field trip to Arahama elementary school and Onagawa Town

22 July
Lessons learnt from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
08 : 30 ― 08 : 45 Registration (please be seated by 8:50am)
09 : 00 ― 09 : 15 Opening

Welcoming address by President Hideo Ohno (Tohoku University)
Welcoming address by Prof. Fumihiko Imamura (IRIDeS)
Opening remarks by Ms. Tina Lin (APRU secretariat)

09 : 15 ― 09 : 25 Group photo

09 : 25 ― 09 : 55 “Overview of the International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku
University” by Prof. Kiyoshi Itoh (IRIDeS)

09 : 55 ― 10 : 30 Movie [Great Tsunami]
10 : 30 ― 10 : 50 Coffee break

10 : 50 ― 11 : 50 “Disaster Risk Reduction: Japan as disaster-prone country and learning from pastdisasters” by Prof. Osamu Murao (IRIDeS)

11 : 50 ― 13 : 00 Lunch

13 : 00 ― 14 : 00 “International strategy for risk reduction: Implementation of the Sendai

Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) by Prof. Takako Izumi (IRIDeS)

14 : 00 ― 15 : 00 “Recovery after the great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 3.11.2011”by Prof. Elizabeth Maly (IRIDeS)

15 : 00 ― 15 : 15 Coffee break

15 : 15 ― 16 : 15 “Medical and Public Health Needs in Disaster” by Prof. Shinichi Egawa (IRIDeS)
18 : 30 ―23 July

Reception at Hotel Metropolitan Sendai

Role of different stakeholders: Academia, Local government and NGO
09 : 00 ― 09 : 20 “APRU Introduction” by Ms. Tina Lin (APRU secretariat)

09 : 20 ― 09 : 30 “APRU Multi-Hazards Program” by Prof. Takako Izumi (IRIDeS/APRU MultiHazards Program)

09 : 30 ― 10 : 45 “Towards disaster risk reduction city -Tagajo ~disaster resilient city~”
by Mr. Takumi Fujimura (Tagajo City)

10 : 45 ― 11 : 00 Coffee break

11 : 00 ― 12 : 00 “Beyond the disaster: what CSOs in Japan learned from Tohoku experience”
by Mr. Goh Igarashi (AAR Japan)

12 : 00 ― 13 : 00 Lunch

13 : 00 ― 14 : 00 “Disaster Prevention Learning in Elementary School after the Great East
Japan Earthquake” by Mr. Kiyoshi Araake (Kouya Elementary School)46

14 : 00 ― 14 : 30 Coffee break

14 : 30 ― 16 : 00 Group work 1: Learning from each other: Poster presentation (including coffee break)
16 : 00 ― 17 : 00 Group presentation

24 July: Field trip

Arahama Elementary School and Onagawa Town

25 July
Seminar and Group work
09 : 00 ― 10 : 00

10 : 00 ― 11 : 00

“Nowcasting and Forecasting Major Earthquakes” by Prof. John Rundle(University of California, Davis)“Strategy for the New Stage of Hydro-Met Disasters in Japan”

by Prof. Kuniyoshi Takeuchi (University of Yamanashi)

11 : 00 ― 11 : 15 Coffee break
11 : 15 ― 12 : 15
12 : 15 ― 13 : 00

“The severe weather and the large decadal typhoon rainfall increase in Taiwan”

by Prof. Hung-Chi Kuo (National Taiwan University)
Lunch

13 : 00 ― 14 : 00 “Climate Change and Disasters” by Dr. Riyanti Djalante (UNU)
14 : 00 ― 14 : 30 Coffee break

14 : 30 ― 15 : 30 Group work 2:

1) Please develop a DRR project proposal that applies and uses your research

results/findings. It has to include both natural and social science perspectives.

2) Who needs to get involved in the project implementation?
What are their roles in the project?

15 : 30 ― 15 : 45 Coffee break

15 : 45 ― 16 : 30 Group presentation
16 : 30 ― 16 : 45 Closing

47

ANNEX II: List of Participants

Name

Title

1 Hongyi Yang

Master Student

3 Hongqian Xu

Master Student

2 Yaxiong Chen
4 Yaping Ma
5 Wei Lyu

6 Danhui Fang
7 Ke Wu

Master Student
Lecturer

Fudan University

China

Wuhan University of Technology

China

China

Associate professor China

Associate professor China

China

9 Longping Tang

Master Student

China

11 Yat Long Hung

Student

China

10 Dun Jia

12 Louise Wen Fong Kwok

Student

PhD Student
Student

University/Organization

China

PhD Student

8 Liwei Liu

Wuhan University of Technology

Wuhan University of Technology

Wuhan University of Technology

Wuhan University of Technology

Wuhan University of Technology

China

University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)

China

University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)

China

University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology

13 Bindu Pabasara Embuldeniya Master Student

China

15 Muhammad Rizqy Septyandy Lecturer

Indonesia

Universitas Indonesia

17 Abdul Kadir

OSHE UI -Occupational Indonesia

Universitas Indonesia

19 Vibhas Sukhwani

PhD Student

Keio University

14 Avinia Ismiyati

Master Student

16 Alin Halimatussadiah

Assistant professor

18 Syamsul Bachri

Lecturer

20 Ruben Rodrigo Vargas Tapia Master Student

Indonesia
Indonesia

Indonesia
Japan

Japan

The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
Universitas Indonesia

Universitas Indonesia

State University of Malang

Kyoto University

21 Shuxian Feng

Master Student

Japan

Meiji University

23 Fangyu Yan

PhD Student

Japan

Osaka University

22 Tingchao HE

24 Yixuan Wang

25 Gusti Raganata

26 Minami Yamamoto
27 Bowei Ke

48

University location

PhD Student

Master Student

Master Student
Student

Master Student

Japan

Japan

Japan

Japan

Japan

Nagoya University
Osaka University

The University of Tokyo

The University of Tokyo

Tokyo institute of Technology

Name

Title

28 Naresh Subedi

Master Student

30 Shuka Endo

Student

29 Yui Numazawa
31 Wu Haotian

32 Shiori Nakamura
33 Hina Kumagai
34 Nao Kurosu
35 Miyu Sato

36 Nur Zainul Arifin

37 David Paul Grinlinton
38 Keiko Kano

Student

PhD Student
Student

Student

Student

Student

PhD Student
Professor

Researcher

39 Maricor Conwi Dayandante Master Student

University location
Japan

Tokyo institute of Technology

Japan

Tohoku University

Japan

Japan

Japan

Japan

Japan

Japan

Malaysia

New Zealand

New ZealandPhilippines

Master Student,University
Philippines
Extension Speciallist Ⅱ
PhD Student ,Head, Training andPhilippines
41 Glennis Suminguit Uyanguren
Entrepreneurship Education Division
Researcher,Extension &Philippines
42 Neil Dela Cruz Grimaldo
Professional Staff

40 Joanna Rose Telles Laddaran

University/Organization

43 Matthew Travis Martinez Alcantara Master Student, Faculty Philippines

Tohoku University

Tohoku University

Miyagi Gakuin Women's University

Miyagi Gakuin Women's University

Miyagi Gakuin Women's University

Miyagi Gakuin Women's University
University of Malaya

The University of Auckland

Philippine School of Business Administration-Manila

University of the Philippines Institute for
Small-Scale Industries
University of the Philippines Institute for
Small-Scale Industries
University of the Philippines Institute for
Small-Scale Industries
University of the Philppines Diliman

44 Rolando Agustin Tagaban

Administrative Officer V Philippines

46 Sung-Ju Yea

Master Student

48 Satoki Tsujino

Post-Doc.Researcher Taiwan

National Taiwan University

50 Hung-Pin Ben Huang

Professor

National Taiwan University

45 Ahmad Tashrif Bin Sarman Research Associate

Singapore

47 Seong-Hyun Lim

South Korea

49 Calvin Liusnando

Graduate Student

Student

South Korea

TaiwanTaiwanUniversity of the Philppines Diliman
National University of Singapore
Seoul National University

Seoul National University

National Taiwan University

51 Farman Ullah

COLABS Exchange Student Thailand

Asian Institute of Technology

53 Rebecca Ann Fildes

PhD Student

University of California,Davis

52 Bottreypich Cassey Chap
54 Rikki PeckStudent

USA

DNP

USA

USA

University of California,Davis
University of Washington

49

Name

Title

55 Haylea Ariel Hannah

PhD Student

57 Gail C Johnson

Lecturer

56 Nicole Ann Errett

58 Mayumi Anne Willgerodt

59 Tina Lin

60 Takumi Fujimura

Lecturer

University location
USA

University of Washington

USA

University of Washington

USA

Associate professor, Vice-Chair USA

Senior Program Officer China
Japan

University of Washington

University of Washington
APRU Secretariat
Tagajo City

61 Go Igarashi

Programme Manager JapanAAR Japan

63 Kuniyoshi Takeuchi

Professor Emeritus

University of Yamanashi

62 Kiyoshi Araake
64 Hung-Chi Kuo

Principal

Japan

Professor

TaiwanJapan

Kouya Elementary School
National Taiwan University

65 Riyanti Djalante

Academic Programme Officer Japan

United Nations University

67 Hiroshi Kitazato

Specially appointed professor JapanTokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TEAMS)

Professor Emeritus

Tohoku University (TEAMS)

66 Soichiro Yasukawa
68 Yuri Oki

69 Akihiro Kijima

70 Fumihiko Imamura

Programme Specialist France
Researcher

Japan

Director/Professor

Japan

Japan

UNESCOTokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TEAMS)
Tohoku University (IRIDeS)

71 Kiyoshi Itoh

Deputy Director/Professor Japan

Tohoku University (IRIDeS)

73 Takako Izumi

Associate Professor Japan

Tohoku University (IRIDeS)

72 Osamu Murao
74 Elizabeth Maly

75 Shinichi Egawa

Professor

Japan

Associate Professor Japan
Professor

Japan

77 Kazuya Sugiyasu

Assistant Professor

Japan

79 John Rundle

Distinguished Professor/
USA/Japan
Visiting Professor

76 Sébastien Penmellen Boret Associate Professor Japan78 Julia Gerster-Damerow

50

University/Organization

Researcher

Japan

Tohoku University (IRIDeS)

Tohoku University (IRIDeS)

Tohoku University (IRIDeS)

Tohoku University (IRIDeS)

Tohoku University (IRIDeS)

Tohoku University (IRIDeS)

University of California,Davis/Tohoku University (IRIDeS)