No. 34
ISSN 0289 - 8721

C ASSOC
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Information Bulletin of

The Union of National
Economic Associationsin Japan

日本経済学会連合

2014

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Correspondence to be addressed:
Secretariat of the Union of National Economic Associations in Japan,
c/o International Business Institute Co., Ltd.

Tsukasa Building 3rd. F. , 518
Waseda Tsurumaki-cho,Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 162-0041, Japane-mail: rengo@ibi-japan.co.jp

COPYRIGHT 2014
Printed in Japan.
ISSN 0289-8721

BY THE UNION OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS IN JAPANINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS INSTITUTE, CO., LTD. Tel. +81-3- 5273-0473

Editorial Committee
Managing Editor
Yoshiharu KUWANA, J. F. Oberlin University
Mamoru KOBAYASHI, Senshu University
Kappei HIDAKA, Chuo University
Naoki MURAKAMI, Nihon University
Kazuko GOTO, Setsunan University
Masatoshi KOJIMA, Toyo University
Hideaki MURASE, Gakushuin University
Hiroshi KOJIMA, Waseda University
Katsumi KOJIMA, Bunkyo University

Directors of the Union
President
Kenichi ENATSU, Waseda University
Fumihiko HIRUMA, Waseda University
Tetsuji OKAZAKI, University of Tokyo
Koji ISHIUCHI, Japan University of Economics
Kappei HIDAKA, Chuo University
Mitsuhiko TSURUTA, Chuo University
Yasuhiro OGURA, Toyo University
Katsuaki ONISHI, Senshu University
Yoshiaki TAKAHASHI, Chuo University
Takahide KOSAKA, Nihon University
Secretary General
Masataka OTA, Waseda University
AuditorHaruhito TAKEDA, University of Tokyo
Hideki YOSHIOKA, Takasaki University of Commerce
Emeritus
Yasuo OKAMOTO, University of Tokyo
Osamu NISHIZAWA, Waseda University
Toshio KIKUCHI, Nihon University

THE UNION OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONSIN JAPAN
日本経済学会連合
The Union of National Economic Associations in Japan, established in 1950, celebrated its
60th anniversary in 2010, as the sole nationwide federation of associations of scholars and expertson economics, commerce, and business administration. In order to obtain membership an
association is subject to an examination of its academic work. As of 2014, the Union had amembership of 63 associations, as listed on pp. 70-90.
The aims and objectives of the Union are to support the scholarly activities of its member
associations and to promote academic exchanges both among members themselves, and between
Japanese and academic societies overseas. The main activities of the Union are: (1) the publicationand distribution of academic material concerning Japanese economics and papers presented bymember scholars, (2) the sending of members to overseas conferences, (3) the holding andsupporting of international conferences in Japan, (4) providing financial assistance to member
associations who invite foreign scholars to Japan, and (5) collecting information on activities ofmember associations and the issuing of a news bulletin.
The Union published in 1974 Keizaigaku No Doko (The Trend in Japanese Economics),
based on a survey of economic studies undertaken in postwar Japan. A supplementary volume
covering Japanese economic studies after 1974 was published in 1982.
The Union and the International Economic Association (IEA) jointly held the Fifth World
Congress of the IEA in Tokyo from August 29 to September 3, 1978. The Union joined theInternational Institute of Public Finance in holding the Institute’s 37th Congress at Tokyo in
September 1981. The Union dispatched 20 member scholars to the Eighth World Congress of IEA
held in India in 1986. Most recently the Union successfully sponsored the IEA Tokyo Round
Table Conference on “Institutions in a New Dynamic Society” held between 15 and 17 September
1987, and hosted the 1996 IEA Tokyo Round Table Conference between 16 and 19 December, on
the theme “The Institutional Foundation of Economic Development in East Asia.” To celebrate its
fiftieth anniversary, the Union held a special lecture meeting on May 25, 2000. Three lecturers
were invited to speak on the theme, “The reforms that the 21st Century will bring to the world
economy, the Japanese economy, and Japanese management.”
To commemorate the 60th anniversary of this Association, a special lecture program washeld at the Waseda University Okuma Auditorium on October 12, 2010. Three lecturers wereinvited, each of whom spoke from his own perspective on how Japan’s economy and Japanesebusiness, in the midst of this once-in-a-century global recession, should solve their present plightand forge new routes for the future.
The Union celebrated in 1980 the 30th anniversary of its founding by launching a variety ofactivities, including the publication of The Information Bulletin. Prof. Paul Snowden of Waseda
University acts as editorial adviser.
Address : Secretariat of the Union, c/o International Business Institute Co., Ltd.
Tsukasa Building 3rd. F. , 518 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan

CONTENTS

Page
ASIAN MARKET ECONOMIES, JAPAN ACADEMY FOR………………………………………1
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, JAPAN ACADEMY OF (JABA) ………………………………5

CHINESE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES, JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR…11
CULTURAL ECONOMICS, JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR ………………………………………16
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES, JAPAN ACADEMY OF ……………………………27
MANAGEMENT, NIPPON ACADEMY OF ……………………………………………………36
MONETARY ECONOMICS, JAPAN SOCIETY OF ……………………………………………45
STATISTICAL SOCIETY, JAPAN …………………………………………………………………52
TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS, THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF ………………………………59

LIST OF MEMBER ASSOCIATIONS…………………………………………………………70

JAPAN ACADEMY FOR ASIAN MARKET ECONOMIES
1. Brief History
The Japan Academy for Asian Market Economies (JAFAME) was established on
November 22 1997. In the year 1997, an Asian currency crisis broke out, which had aseriously negative impact an Asian economies. Until then, Asian economies had been
believed to develop without any problems. In this sense, the necessity of a new research
approach was widely required not by only academicians but also business people. This
was the trigger for founding JAFAME.
Although it was born only seventeen years ago and has a relatively short history, it
has accomplished steady growth as the Asian economies have grown. The kick-off
convention was held at Meiji University on November 11, 1997. The president, vicepresident and directors were elected and the keynote speech was delivered by Mr. Toshio
OISHI, ex-president of the Japan Overseas Development Corporation, under the title of“Non-economic Factors in Economic Activities: Management and Technology Transfer”
In the next year, the activities of JAFAME were extended and Western Japan Chapter was
established.
Now, JAFAME consists of Eastern and Western chapters. In 2007, JAFAME
successfully joined the Science Council of Japan and the Union of National Economic
Associations in Japan.
2. Objective
The purpose of JAFAME is to perform academic research on various fields of Asia,
which includes theoretical and empirical studies. To contribute to the development of the
Asian economy through studies is mentioned as one of the purposes in Article 2 ofJAFAME’s constitution.
The academic activities are not only publishing research papers and holding
symposiums but also exchanging research delegations with foreign academic associations.
Cooperation with business society is another important objective of JAFAME.
Currently, JAFAME seeks to form a new academic methodology for conducting
researches on various aspects of the fast-changing Asian market, which is one of thecommemorative projects of the 20th anniversary through collaboration among members.
The members of a special committee for kicking off the project will be appointed and thecommittee will be activated shortly. The committee will consist of specialists in1

economics, management sciences, marketing/distribution and humanities.
3. Members
The members of JAFAME are regular associates, general members, PhD candidates
and business people. The number of members is around 230. The expertise of themembers extends from social sciences to liberal arts. The organizations to which themembers belong are geographically located from Okinawa to Aomori. Since the annual
general meeting held at Kanagawa University in 2007, all board members are appointed
through election among members.
The number of foreign members is significantly increasing, in these couple of years.
Some of them were originally studying in Japan; others were introduced by members who
visited foreign countries. They are quite interested in contributing to JAFAME in various
fields.
The President, Vice-president and executive board members are nominated fromthe board members. JAFAME has several firms as corporate members as well. The
existing corporate members are internationally active by being involved various fields ofbusiness abroad.
4. Journal Articles and Annual General Meeting
JAFAME publishes an academic research journal, the Japan Academy for Asian
Market Economies as its annual bulletin. The members’ academic papers should be
examined and qualified by the bulletin committee and referees who are appointed by thecommittee. The qualified papers are published at the occasion of the next year’s Annual
General Meeting.
For regular communication, JAFAME publishes the JAFAME News Letter semiannually, in which the secretariat office (head: secretary general, Assoc. Professor Akira
OHYABU, Okayama University of Science) assemble information on current activities
including research meetings coordinated by the East and West chapters, introduction ofoutcomes of research projects and books published by the members.
Besides the annual meeting, the Eastern and Western chapters each hold several
research meetings in a year. Taking those occasions, board members get together and havediscussions about the development and strategy of JAFAME.
5. Latest Activities
2

The characteristics of JAFAME’s activities can be summarized with the following
three key words; cooperation with foreign experts, cooperation with other academic
societies and cooperation with small and medium enterprises.
(1) Awards and Foreign Membership
JAFAME academic awards are given to the members who have made an eminent
academic performance. This system was founded recently. In addition, JAFAME has
started a special membership system for foreign researchers. This is a system for members
who have the intention to contribute to JAFAME’s activities. The membership is basicallyapplied to foreign academicians/experts and Japanese academicians/experts in foreigncountries. So far, 33 members belong to JAFAME under the system as of July, 2014.
(2) Cooperation with foreign institutes
JAFAME research delegations have been deployed and exchanged academic
opinions with several foreign institutes in Indonesia, Laos and China (Nanjing and
Dalian). The next delegation is planned for Cambodia. A recent example of these
activities is an international symposium with Dongbei University of Finance andEconomics in Dalien on March 26, 2014. JAFAME members exchanged opinions on
aging society and its impact on regional economy.
(3) Cooperation with other academic associations
Since 2012, we have held exchange academic meetings with another academic
association, that is, the Asia Regional Research Association (ARRA), which has asignificant number of members in Western Japan. So far, academic meetings incollaboration with ARRA have been held several times. Active discussion between themembers of both associations (JAFAME and Asia Regional Research Association) has
produced fruitful outcomes in every related academic field of the members.
(4) Subsidy for independent research projects by JAFAME members
Currently, three research projects by the member groups are subsidized by
JAFAME. The outcomes will be presented in the Annual General Meeting to be held at
Aomori University in 2015.
(5) Ties with business society
JAFAME has given four corporate memberships to companies which have active3

overseas operations in business in Asia. The board members have often been invited to
Annual General Meetings as main speakers. They also have exchanged opinions withsome of board members of JAFAME in terms of Asian business strategy.
(6) Latest Annual General Meeting
The latest Annual General Meeting was managed and sponsored by Okayama
University of Science at its main campus on June 29 and 30 in 2014. At that meeting, we
invited noted management scientist, Kenichi ENATSU, professor emeritus of Waseda
University. He delivered a speech on the current business climate of Myanmar. The titleof his speech was “Last Frontier, Myanmar: Its current situation and agenda for future
development.” He mentioned effective analytical approach for studying the Asian
economy as well as the knowledge for understanding Myanmar.
6. Future Strategy
Our strategy consists of three segments. Firstly, toward our 20th anniversary in 2017,
JAFAME is planning to establish a new academic methodology, called “Asian-Market
Economics which covers Economics, Management Science, Marketing, International
Relations and Political Sciences.” JAFAME started the projects for that in 2013.
The second future strategy is to seek further expansion of foreign membership
through international exchange activities and to facilitate foreign members to hand inacademic papers to the annual bulletin.
The third priority of the strategy is put on strengthening ties with business society,particularly with medium and small firms which are active in Asia.
(Mamoru KOBAYASHI, Senshu University)

JAPAN ACADEMY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (JABA)
1. Brief History
4

The Japan Academy of Business Administration (JABA) was founded in 1926 by
342 members, and its total members were 1,948 as of September 2014. This means theSociety is the oldest and the largest of Japan’s management-related societies and one ofthe oldest scholarly management associations in the world. In September 2013, theSociety held its Eighty-seventh Annual Conference at Kwansei Gakuin University.
2. Membership, Divisions, and Administration
JABA members are scholars at colleges, universities, and research institutes, aswell as practitioners with scholarly interests from business, government, and not-forprofit organizations. Membership in JABA is open to all individuals who find value inbelonging. Anyone can download an application form for membership from the web site.
Membership in JABA is based on the following criteria: applicants to getmembership must have been conducting research in management or commerce for at least
two years after graduation from college or university; after application together with two
member’s recommendations, admittance is subject to the approval of the Council.
JABA is composed of six regional divisions: Kanto, Kansai, Hokkaido, Tohoku,
Chubu, and Kyushu. JABA holds an annual conference on a specified pivotal theme, witheach regional division also organizing its own meetings several times a year. For example,
the Kanto division organizes its own meetings every month except February and March(for the season of entrance examinations), August (Summer vacation), and September(for the annual conference). JABA is one of the most active associations in the field of
business administration.
The Presidency of JABA shifted from Prof. Toshio TAKAHASHI to Prof. Nobuchika
KAIDO in September 2013. The board member as the representative of East Japan is Prof.
Masayasu TAKAHASHI, and Prof. Norio KANBAYASHI is the representative of West Japan.
JABA has eight executive committee members, 27 councilors, 16 secretaries, and two
auditors.
3. Annual National Meetings and Symposia
Annual meetings of JABA are held each year in September. Attended by more than
700 people, the meetings provide forums for sharing research and expertise in many
management disciplines through paper sessions, symposia, workshops, and poster
sessions.
Themes of the recent five years’ conferences are as below.
2009: Business and Society ─What is expected from companies─
2010: Research on a New Principles of Business Administration5

2011: Management of Companies and Business Administration after the Lehman
Shock.
2012: New Capitalism and Business Administration
2013: Research on Academic Peculiarities of Business Administration
More detailed contents of the last two years are as follows.
The 2012 annual conference was held at Nihon University from September 6th to
9th under the central agenda of New Capitalism and Business Administration. Under thisagenda, there were three sub-themes; “Study of the Business Administration of AsianCompanies”, “Business Administration in a New Era of Expansion of Asian Domestic
Demand”, “Reality of New Capitalism and Consciousness of Executive Officers”.
The 2013 annual conference was held at Kwansei Gakuin University from
September 4th to 7th, under the central agenda of Research on the Academic Peculiarities
of Business Administration. Under this agenda, there were three sub-themes; “Diversityof Management of Modern Companies”, “Business Administration in an Era of Crisis”,“Potentiality and Presence of Business Administration”.
In addition, JABA organizes symposia for JABA members and non-member
audiences two times per year.
4. Publications
JABA publishes the outcomes of its research activities in three forms. The first one
is The Annals of Business Administration (Keieigaku Ronshu), the second, The Journalof Business Management (Nihonkeieigakkaishi), and the third, Newsletters.
The Annual Review of Business Administration: Once a year JABA edits andpublishes the Annual Review of Business Administration, which contains the summaries
of papers presented at an annual meeting. From the 2012 annual conference, The Annual
Review of Business Administration has been edited and published two styles: articles on
the central agenda in the main session have been published in Keieigaku Ronshu No.83,
in the Journal as in the past; articles on the panel or free session program have been
published by digital recording (DVD edition).
The Journal of Business Management: JABA edits and publishes the Journal ofBusiness Management. Members of JABA can submit manuscripts to the journal for
publication consideration. The editorial board of the journal is responsible for the review
process of the submitted manuscripts.
6

The contents of the latest issue published in June 2014 are as follows:
1. “An organizational learning process for omnidirectional knowledge search andknowledge combination”, Akitsu OE
2. “Knowledge transfer through social platforms: diffusion of new technology in theinternational civil aviation domain”, Yoshinobu NAKANISHI
3. “Relationship of the business model and standardization strategy in the field of ICT:
focusing on a case study of Intel and Qualcomm”, Yasukazu TAMURA
4. “The building of inter-organizational trust : the case of connection-based trust”,
Chiaki KAWASAKI
5. “Innovation after business succession”, Hiromu ONOSE
6. “Re-invention in the technology diffusion process: a case analysis by the social
shaping of a technology approach”, Manabu MIYANO and Takuji HARA
7. “Examining boundary conditions of the trade-off relationship between exploitationand exploration: evidence from the pharmaceutical industry”, Osamu SUZUKI
8. “Partner selection in horizontal alliance formation: a competitive dynamics
perspective”, Junichi YAMANOI
9. “Effects of marketing management systems on the rapidity of market responses”,
Hiroyuki FUKUCHI
Newsletters: Twice a year JABA edits and publishes Newsletters in order that
JABA members know the current issues and topics concerning JABA.
JABA award: JABA presents an award for book(s) and article(s) that have madegreat contributions to the advancement of management research. For example, the winnerof the JABA award 2012 was Structure and Innovation of Technological System, Tokyo:
Hakutou shobou, 2011, written by Toshihiko KATO (Hitostubashi University).
5. IFSAM (International Federation of Scholarly Associations of Management)
JABA is an active member of IFSAM (International Federation of Scholarly
Associations of Management). Founded in 1992 with the strong leadership of JABA,IFSAM is an association of associations designed to foster development of international
scholarly activities directed at the understanding of management practices. It consists ofa representative association of management from each country: for example, The
Academy of Management from the USA, The German Academic Association for
Business Research from Germany, the British Academy of Management from the UK,
and JABA from Japan, and so on.
7The first World Congress was held in Tokyo in 1992. Dr. Tasuku NOGUCHI (Keio
University), who played a critical role in founding IFSAM, was elected the first chairman.
This means JABA took the leadership to establish IFSAM. In the first conference, thefocus was Management and High Technology. IFSAM has offered themes that meet theneeds of the time, for example, Globalization: Impact on Management, Education,
Research and Practice (1998, Madrid), Taking Stock (2001, Montreal), Enhancing
Managerial Responsiveness to Global Challenges (2006, Berlin), Fusion andDevelopment of East and West Management (2008, Shanghai), Justice and Sustainability
in the Global Economy (2010, Paris), and Management Re-Imagined (2012, Limerick).
The IFSAM 12th World Congress 2014 was held from September 2nd to 4th at Meiji
University (Tokyo, Japan). The Conference theme is Management Crisis, in order toresearch the three fundamental questions; “What should management do in an economiccrisis?”, “How can management studies deal with arrays of economic crisis in today’s
global and high-tech society?”, “What is the role of management researchers in an era ofsocial and environmental crisis?”
Tracks, Symposiums, and Keynote Speakers are as follows.
Tracks:Track 1: Crisis Management Track Chairs: Allen D. ENGLE (Eastern Kentucky
University), Mariko NAKABAYASHI (Meiji University)
Track 2: Research Methods Track Chairs: Christina AHMADJIAN (Hitotsubashi
University), Naoki WATANABE (Keio University)
Track 3: Management Education Track Chairs: Jaeho MOON (Tokoha University),
Yuji YOSHIDA (Chiba University of Commerce)
Track 4: Management History, Philosophy and Theory Track Chairs: Shawn M.
CARRAHER (The University of Texas at Dallas), Minoru SHIMAMOTO (Hitotsubashi
University)
Track 5: International Management Track Chairs: Peter J. DOWLING (La Trobe
University), Chie IGUCHI (Keio University)
Track 6: Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Track Chairs: Juan Jose
Duran HERRER (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid), Hideo SAKURAI (Chuo University)
Track 7: Corporate Governance, Accounting and Managerial Control Track Chairs:
Ralf BEBENROTH (Kobe University), Kazuhiro TANAKA (Hitotsubashi University)
Track 8: Strategic Management Track Chairs: Toshihiko KATO (Hitotsubashi
University), Shinichi ISHII (Osaka City University)8

Track 9: Organization Behavior and Organization Development Track Chairs: Sue
BRUNING (University of Manitoba), Fabian J. FROESE (Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen), Takumi MIWA (Kyoto Sangyo University)
Track10: Human Resource Management and Employment Relations Track Chairs:
Michael MORLEY (University of Limerick), Makoto FUJITA (Waseda University), Norio
KAMBAYASHI (Kobe University)
Track11: Knowledge, Technology and Operations Management Track Chairs:
Taehoon PARK (Osaka City University), Takabumi HAYASHI (Kokushikan University)
Track12: Marketing, Service management Track
Chairs: Edward BURNING(University of Manitoba), Munehiko ITO (Kobe University)
Track13: Entrepreneurship and Small Business Track Chairs: Bishnu Kumar
ADHIKARY (Kobe University), Jin-ichiro YAMADA (Osaka City University)
Track14: Public Sector and Non-profit Management Track Chairs: Salvador T.
PORRAS (Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa), Pedro SOLIS (Universidad
Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa), Takao NUKI (Musashi University)
Track15: Critical Management Studies Track Chairs: Yvon PESQUEUX (CNAM),
Remi JARDAT (ISTEC Paris), Masayasu TAKAHASHI (Meiji University)
Symposiums:
JABA will operate six symposiums at the conference. All of them will be run withpartners, other management-related Academies in Japan, and have specific topics
reflecting the partners’ research focuses.
SymposiumⅠ: “Revitalization Efforts by Manufacturing and Energy Industries inJapan after the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011” (Organizer: The Academic
Association for Organizational Science)
SymposiumⅡ: “Issues on Expatriate Management from Comparative Perspectives”(Organizer: Japan Society of Human Resource Management)
Symposium Ⅲ: “BOP Strategies for Business Eco-systems in Emerging Countries”(Organizer; Japan Scholarly Association of Asian Management)
Symposium Ⅳ: “The Comparison of Emerging Market Multinationals Revisited”(Organizer: Japan Association for the Comparative Studies of Management)
Symposium Ⅴ: “IFRS Adoption: Lessons from Korea and Taiwan” (Organizer: Japan
Accounting Association)
Symposium Ⅵ : “Revision and Transformation of Japanese MNEs and JapaneseManagement Systems” (Organizer: Japan Academy of International Business Studies)
Keynote Speakers:

9

“Leadership in Crisis: A Practice Based Response” (Prof. David GRANT, The Universityof New South Wales)“The War for Talent among Nations” (Prof. Rosalie L. TUNG, Simon Fraser University)
6. 2014 Annual Meeting of the Japan Academy of Business Administration
The 88th annual meeting of the Japan Academy of Business Administration washeld from September 4th to 6th 2014, at Kokushikan University in Tokyo, Japan. The main
theme of the meeting was “Beyond the Manufacturing-based Paradigm of JapaneseFirms”. Under this main theme, the following three issues were discussed; 1) Top
Management in an Age of Turning Around, 2) Is It Possible and Desirable to Reinvigorate
the Manufacturing-based Japanese Management? 3) In Search of a New Management
Paradigm in the Fields of Social Business.
7. Recent Trends of Research
The most interesting among members of JABA are research on globalization andbusiness, reexamination of Japanese production systems and Japanese-style
management, social business, corporate social responsibility (CSR), business ethics,
corporate governance, environment management, management of NPO (Nonprofit
Organizations), management of technology (MOT), movement of innovation andtechnology, and comparative research in management of other countries.
Under new conditions of globalization, ICT (Information and communication
technology) and environment problems, JABA has a social responsibility to send out
information and knowledge to minimize loss and conflict caused by irrelevant
management, thereby ensuring sustainability of nature and society.
(For further updated information on JABA refer to http://www.keiei-gakkai.jp)(Kappei HIDAKA, Chuo University)

10

JAPANESE ASSOCIATIONFOR CHINESE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIESThe Japanese Association for Chinese Economy and Management Studies has been
established by the merger of the Japanese Research Association for Chinese Economy
and the Society for Chinese Management Studies. The integration process was
substantively accomplished just in May, 2014. Shanping YAN (Doshisha University) has
been chosen as the first president. The first conference is scheduled to be held on the 8th
and 9th November, 2014, at the University of Tokyo.
The Association intends to carry on the activities held by the two associations
before the merger, and to make them more developed. The issues to be promoted at thepresent moment are: promotion of exchange with overseas researchers on Chinese
economy, introduction of presentations or speeches in the Chinese language at the
Association’s conference, co-hosting symposiums in China, utilizing the Association’s
website as the forum for the members, and the computerizing of the Association’s
publication etc.
As to the journal, the ones issued by each association before the merger will be
published in parallel temporarily.
As the beginning of full-scale operation of the Association needs to be awaited until
the first conference held in November, the activities conducted by the two associations
before the merger are described below.
1. Japanese Research Association for Chinese Economy
Overview (History and Objectives)
The Japanese Research Association for Chinese Economy (JRACE) wasestablished in 2002. The first president of the Association was Ryoshin MINAMI (20022009, Hitotsubashi University); the second president was Katsuji NAKAGANE (2010-2013,
the University of Tokyo). The objectives of the Association were to conduct positive
historical, statistical, theoretical and policy-related research on the Chinese economy, andto contribute to the development of both Japan and China and their mutual friendship(Article 2 in the By-laws of the Association). In order to achieve these objectives, thefollowing projects were undertaken. 1. The holding of research and lecture meetings; 2.
Publication of an official bulletin, the Journal of Chinese Economic Studies; and 3. Other
projects suitable for meeting the above-mentioned objectives (Article 3). In 2010, theAssociation started a new system that elected the members of the Board of Directors by11direct voting of all regular members. In 2011, the Association joined the Union of
National Economic Associations in Japan.
Our Association aimed to do more than just provide current data analysis of theChinese economy. We also hoped to encompass broad fields such as the study of corporate
management, economic statistics and economic history in China. In addition, we invited
debate on developmental economics, international economics and comparative structureswith a focus on China, as well as the submission of proposals relating to policy on Japanand China. The Association warmly welcomed the admission of businesspersons andgraduate students as well as specialist researchers, of any nationality.
Annual Meeting
The Association held a two-day meeting to present papers on subjects on the
Chinese economy every year. About 6-8 scholarly sessions were held each year. The
invited lecture, panel discussion and get-together etc. also took place during this period.
The 12th Annual Meeting was held in Kyoto University on June 22-23, 2013 jointly with
the Society for Chinese Management Studies. In this annual meeting we had six sessions
with a total of 20 presentations and two invited lectures: Keijiro OTSUKA (National
Graduate Institute for Policy Studies)’s lecture entitled “Industrial Cluster and Industrial
Development: Experiences of Japan and China and Contemporary Developing Countries,”
and Yasuyoshi KARASAWA (Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Company, Limited)’s lecture
entitled “For Further Development of Chinese Enterprises”.
Journal of the Association
The Journal of Chinese Economic Studies was established in 2003. This Journal
publishes two issues every year; 19 issues have been published up to the present. We willkeep publishing this Journal under the new Association. Contributions are restricted tomembers of JRACE. In the case of joint authorship, at least one person must be a memberof the Association. The language used must be either Japanese or English. Acceptance ofmanuscripts submitted shall be determined by the Editorial Board based on reviews by
two or more anonymous referees appointed by the Editorial Board for this purpose.
The Journal contains review articles, research notes, book reviews, special reports
etc. as well as the articles. The last issue (Vol.11 No.1) was published in March, 2014.
This issue consists of two articles: Bohan YUE, “Effects of Household Heads’ Wage Workon Farm Technology Level and Technical Efficiency in China”, and Shuli LIU, “The R&D
Activities of the Firms in China and Its Determinants”, a review article, two book reviews
and two reports on the projects of the Association.
12

Other Projects
Besides holding the annual meetings and publishing the Journal, JRACE
undertakes some projects for the members every year. Almost all projects will continue
after the new Association is established.
(1) Academic Workshop
This workshop is held in East Japan and West Japan. Emerging scholars (including
graduate students) reporting their own new ideas will obtain many valuable comments
and suggestions from participants.
(2) Workshop Studying the Current Situation of the Chinese Economy
In this workshop JRACE invites specialists on the Chinese economy (including socalled China watchers, and managers of Chinese subsidiaries of Japanese firms) andrequests them to make presentations on the current situation of the Chinese macro- andmicro-economy.
(3) International Academic Seminar
JRACE invites leading scholars in the research field of the Chinese economy fromabroad independently or jointly with other institutes and/or universities and requests themto make academic presentations.
(4) International Meeting in China
The first Conference was carried out at Heilongjiang University on September 8-9,
2012, under the strong leadership of the president of JRACE at that time, Dr. N AKAGANE
and the special cooperation of the Chinese side. In this conference a total of about 20
participants from Japan and more than 40 participants from the University presented anddiscussed on various subjects of the Chinese economy.
2. The Society for Chinese Management Studies
Overview (History and Objectives)
The Society for Chinese Management Studies was established in 2000, which was
earlier than the Japanese Research Association for Chinese Economy. China’s process oftransition to a market economy was just nearing its completion at that time, andreorganization and privatization of state-owned enterprises was just being carried out
across the country. At the same time, rapid growth of private enterprises had begun to beobserved. The opening-up policy of that country was also making remarkable progress atthat time, and China entered the World Trade Organization in the next year, 2001. In that
context, Chinese enterprises have become an all the more interesting issue to study for13social scientists. At the same time, trade with, and investment to China by Japan has
increased rapidly, and the number of companies which start direct business with China
also has increased. Accordingly, some business persons managing business with China
have begun to give social scientific attention to enterprises in that country. Against sucha historical background, the Society for Chinese Management Studies was established, inorder to offer a forum for researchers and business persons who have an interest in
Chinese enterprises and business management, and to improve the level of this field’sstudy.
Past presidents of the Association were Akira FUJIMOTO (Himeji Dokkyo University,
2000-2002), Shin’ichi KAWAI (Aichi University, 2003-2005), Isao OOKUBO (Fukuyama
University, 2006-2008), and Tomo’o MARUKAWA (the University of Tokyo, 2009-2013).
Annual Conference
The major activities of the Society were to organize annual conferences and to issue
its own journal.
Conferences were held once every year, from 2000 to 2013, 14 times in all. They
were characterized by many topics concerned with empirical studies focusing on specificcases of enterprise management, with not a few presentations given by business persons
who had managed their own business with China, and some founders or top managers ofChinese private enterprises or the representatives of Japanese enterprises who hadmanaged business with China invited as guest speakers.
As to the topics of presentations, they were characterized by Japanese affiliatedcompanies in China most constantly discussed. Issues on foreign companies as a whole
were also very often addressed. On the other hand, the process of market-oriented
transition of state-owned enterprises and the development of private enterprises were also
discussed. It is also noteworthy that overseas expansions by Chinese enterprises wereincreasingly addressed as topics. As to industrial fields, automobile and IT industries weremost often focused on. Issues on finance, distribution, labor, environment, resources,
agriculture and rural problems were also discussed.
Journal of the Association
The first issue of Chinese Management Studies was published in 2000, and a totalof nine issues was published. A referee system was introduced from the 3rd issue. Foreigncompanies in China, including Japanese firms, are the topics most frequently discussed,
as well as state-owned and domestic private enterprises. Empirical study of overseas
expansion by Chinese companies has become one of the hot topics since the 6th issue. At
14the same time, topics on management systems, managers, technology, and production
systems were also often argued. As to the industrial fields that were studied, themachinery industry, such as the producers of transportation machinery, TV sets, or
machine tools, was most frequently selected. Labor problems including those in rural
areas have also been discussed.
(Naoki MURAKAMI, Nihon University,
Midori KIZAKI, Yokohama National University)

15

JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR CULTURAL ECONOMICS

1. The Japan Association for Cultural Economics: Origins and History
The Japan Association for Cultural Economics (JACE) was founded in 1992.
International scholarship on cultural economics dates further back, however, with the
Association for Cultural Economics International (ACEI) founded in 1975. The Journalof Cultural Economics was first published in 1977.
The development of support for the arts in Japan, which arose three decades later
here than in Europe and the United States, laid the foundation for the JACE’s founding.
Cultural policy in Japan got an early start with the 1950 enactment of the innovative Law
for the Protection of Cultural Properties, which at the time led the world in its
conservation of not only tangible but also intangible cultural properties. However, local
support for contemporary art, which is now beginning to develop, lagged. In the late1980s, a movement seeking support for the arts took off among a wide swath of scholars,
members of the general public, and people involved with the arts. The 1990s saw a seriesof developments such as the foundation of the Japan Arts Council, funded jointly by
public and private investors, and the Association for Corporate Support of the Arts.
Amid these trends, Geidankyo (a public interest incorporated association representing
performers’ organizations and their individual members) joined with cultural policy officials andscholars in the fields of statistics, public finance, and architecture to invite Professor W.
HENDON, then president of the ACEI, to Japan. Hendon participated in a seminar titled“The Current Status and Challenges of Cultural Policy for the Performing Arts” on March
20, 1990, and a symposium titled “Reflecting on Policies to Support the Arts” on the 28thof that month.
Presentations at the seminar on the 20th included empirical analysis of classicalmusic in Japan, statistical analysis of the age and geographical distribution of Japan’s
artists, career development for artists, the current situation for performing artists, andsurvey results on public cultural centers. The content of each presentation was
summarized with regard to three points: supply of arts, demand for arts, and public
support. The symposium on the 28th included a presentation entitled “The Economic
Groundwork for Policies for the Promotion of Culture and Arts” by a research team at
Kyoto University and an introduction to American arts foundations and England’s Arts
Council, as well as debates on support for the arts in Japan. At the time, scholars ofarchitecture were studying public cultural centers because of the debates surrounding
16

construction of the New National Theatre, Tokyo, and also because of the large numberof these halls being built in outlying districts in the early 1990s.
Formed within this context, the JACE has from the start been an interdisciplinaryorganization whose research focuses on problems of the real world such as statisticalanalysis of supply of and demand for the arts, support for arts and culture (including
public finance and public economics), and public cultural centers (architecture, public
administration). The goals of the organization are to contribute to the systematicdevelopment of sociological and economic research on culture, as well as education inthese fields, and to promote exchanges between researchers and practitioners of the arts.
However, as described in more detail below, the scope of research within the organization
has widened steadily over the years from a narrow analysis of the relationship between
economics and arts to a more broadly defined study of “cultural economic phenomena”
or “relationships between culture, society, and economics.” At its peak, the JACE counted
680 members, and as of June 2014, it had 585 members.
2. International research trends in cultural economics
Surveying and summarizing research trends in an association that includes many
disparate members is not a simple task. Because research topics are diverse, a summaryrisks omitting important studies and points of debate. Nevertheless, we will attempt below
to describe the main trends in international and domestic research.
(1) International research trends: Empirical research based on abundant statistical data
The main international research trends are concisely reflected in a text on cultural
economics by R. TOWSE, who served as president of the ACEI from 2006 to 2008. The
table of contents is given below.
Part I General issues in cultural economics
Introduction(1) Introduction to cultural economics
Appendix: Brief introduction to the economic theories used in cultural economics(2) Economic profile of the cultural sector(3) Markets for cultural goods and services(4) Economic organization of the creative industries(5) Production, costs and supply of cultural goods(6) Consumption of cultural goods and services
17

(7) Welfare economics and public financePart II The “traditional” economics of arts and heritage
Introduction(8) Economics of the performing arts
(9) Economics of cultural heritage(10) Economic evaluation of cultural policy
Part III Artists’ labor markets and copyright
Introduction(11) Economics of artists’ labor markets; theories(12) Economics of artists’ labor markets: empirical research(13) Economics of copyrightPart IV Creative industries(14) Introduction(15) Economics of creative industries(16) Economics of the music industry(17) Economics of the film industry(18) Economics of broadcasting(19) Economics of book publishing(20) Economics of festivals, creative cities and cultural tourism
Part V Conclusion and exercises and problems
Although TOWSE’s text does not touch on it, another field of research that enjoys
much attention internationally but little in Japan is empirical analysis of the art market.
One of the reasons for the thriving empirical research on culture abroad is the high qualityof relevant statistics. Masaki KATSUURA (Meijo University) points out that official,systematic statistics on arts and culture are not published in Japan. On the other hand,excellent statistical data are often available elsewhere, such as in Finland’s Cultural
Statistics, England’s Facts About the Arts, Australia’s Cultural Trends, and the culture
and arts portion of the United States’ Statistical Yearbook.
The labor market for artists has also been more thoroughly studied abroad than it
has been in Japan. Tadashi YAGI (Doshisha University) has surveyed international
research and concluded that an analysis of the labor market for artists may provide useful18

insights into other labor markets because the problems encountered by artists also arisein the general labor market in conjunction with the transition to a knowledge economy.
Artists face uncertainty in their careers related to factors including the instability ofmarket valuation for artworks; the fact that in film and performing arts different artists
are cast in each production, leading to disjointed employment patterns; and the fact thatno artist can be a good match for all creative jobs. This career instability leads to the
problem of unstable income. Disparities in talent also strongly impact differences inincome, leading to the “superstar” phenomenon. YAGI argues that there is a need for a
factor analysis of the long-term fluctuations in valuation of artists.
3. Research trends at the Japan Association for Cultural Economics
Due to differences in the timing of and factors leading up to the founding of the
JACE versus other countries, as well as significant disparities in cultural policy andavailability of statistics, research themes within the JACE differ from those abroad. At
the ACEI, there is a strong tendency to apply economics to cultural phenomena andanalyze phenomena of cultural economy through an economic lens. By contrast,
discussions within the JACE are more interdisciplinary. For instance, because Japan was
experiencing a boom in construction of cultural facilities including the New National
Theatre, Tokyo, at the time of the JACE’s founding, Japan has seen a large number ofstudies of these facilities by scholars of architecture and social science. A broadclassification and review of research by JACE members follows.
(1) Supply of and demand for culture
Hiroyuki SHIMIZU (Nagoya University) has noted the following points about
research concerning the performing arts and cultural facilities in Japan: statistical data
have been collected for 20 years on supply of and demand for performing arts as well as
on performances; much research analyzes or evaluates arts and culture facilities and theactivities of arts and culture foundations; many papers offer policy proposals; many
papers link cultural facilities with urban environments; and some important research
provides a historical perspective. However, SHIMIZU also points out that young artists andconsumers of art are losing their connection with cultural centers.
In recent years, although popular music and rock concerts are selling out, thenumber of classical music listeners has fallen steadily. A similar trend has been observed
abroad, with classical concert attendance tracing a steady downward path. In some places,
short “cocktail concerts” pairing a classical performance of approximately 40 minutes
19with wine or other drinks have gained popularity among young listeners. To better
understand these phenomena and make policy proposals from a fresh perspective, there
is a need for deeper analysis of the factors that influence demand for culture and thereasons behind changes in demand.
To understand the demand structure for culture and the factors that influencedemand for culture, scholars have used data such as the Survey on Time Use and Leisure
Activities to analyze how cultural consumption is impacted by a range of factors including
age, gender, education level, income, occupation, and region. These analyses have shownthat education level has a large impact on classical music appreciation. Utilizing panel
data allows for more detailed investigation of questions such as how listening is
influenced by the presence or absence of small children in a household or the work
schedules of its inhabitants.
In another effort to understand the demand structure of culture, Masahiro ARIMA(University of Hyogo) has used National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure data
to analyze shifts in household expenditure on culture and factors that impact these shifts.
The results show that the region in which a person lives significantly influences how
much he or she spends on attending movies, plays, and events at cultural facilities, withthe largest household expenditures observed in the Kanto, Tokai, and Hokuriku regions.
In addition, individuals living in cities with a population exceeding 150,000 people spend
approximately 5.3 times more than those living in smaller cities on attending movies,
plays, and cultural center events.
Researchers have also pursued a number of interesting questions about the supplyof culture, including why performing arts organizations have tended to operate as nonprofit organizations and why there is an oversupply of artists and creators. Relevant topics
of research include industry organizations that supply culture, the labor market for artists,and career development. We will touch on industrial organizations in the section on thecultural industry below, so will limit the discussion here to a brief introduction of
empirical research on career trajectories for artists. Every five years since 1986, Setsuo
SUOH (professor emeritus, University of Hyogo) and colleagues have carried out a surveyof 4,000 Japanese artists that includes a detailed look at income among musicians.
According to this survey, when research began solo performer income exceeded that oforchestra members, but the trend reversed in 1991, with members of musical ensembles
earning more ever since. Income among orchestra members has grown notably incomparison to average company employee income since the collapse of Japan’s bubble
economy. Among vocalists, survey results showed that men earn about twice as much as
women.
20

(2) The culture and creative industries: Industrial organization and spatial agglomeration
The research on the supply of culture has focused not only on scale but also on thetype of organizations providing the services. Masaki KATSUURA and Sadanori NAGAYAMA(Japan Statistical Association) and Yoshiro MATSUDA (professor emeritus, Hitotsubashi
University) used micro data from the 2004 Basic Survey on Service Industries to carryout a detailed reclassification of businesses belonging to the culture and arts industry andanalyze the characteristics of this industry in Japan. This reclassification was necessary
because industry categories in Japan’s Basic Survey on Service Industries are rough anddo not provide detailed understanding.
The detailed analysis yielded indices such as the number of total and full-time
employees, earnings, expenses and capital investment per company; earnings, expenses,
and salary paid per employee; earnings to expense ratio; and percentage of total expenses
spent on salaries. The analysis revealed that visual artists comprise a large portion of thearts industry, while the theater, dance, and music sectors make up smaller portions; that
there are 2.6 times as many flower arranging schools as tea ceremony schools; and that
70% of music schools teach Western-style music. In addition, supporting SUOH’s findings
discussed above, the study found that orchestras pay their members an average of
7,630,000 yen each, a high salary that accounts for over 100% of expenses and most likely
is compensated for through subsidies. The supply structure of culture thus links to the
problem of public support from the government.
Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the supply of culture varies widely byregion. Seventy-four percent of theaters, performance facilities, variety shows, and sports
performances are concentrated in Tokyo. On the other hand, between 1989 and 2004 theconcentration of theater troupes decreased in the Tokyo-Yokohama region and increasedin the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe region. Culture- and arts-related enterprises employ one to four
people on average, a very low number. Sole proprietorships make up a high percentage
of businesses, and full-time employees comprise a smaller percentage of workers than inother industries.
Kazuko GOTO (Setsunan University) and Masayuki OKUYAMA (Tama University)
surveyed Tokyo’s creative industries in 2009. Mitsuhiro YOSHIMOTO (NLI ResearchInstitute) had already used data from the 2006 Establishment and Enterprise Census ofJapan to show that creative industry enterprises numbered 250,000 nationwide, with
2,190,000 employees. Those figures represent 4.4% and 4.0% respectively of enterprises
and employees in all industries. YOSHIMOTO also found that 35% of employees and 17.1%
of enterprises in the creative industries were concentrated in Tokyo’s special wards. GOTO
21and OKUYAMA used the same 2006 data to study the current state of Tokyo’s creative
industries in detail. They also used address information on 5,000 creative industry
enterprises from 2009 to study geographical distribution. Their research revealed thatwithin Tokyo, creative industry enterprises are concentrated in the Minato, Shibuya, andChiyoda wards. This geographic concentration is closely related to the concentration ofcreative human resources and the location of major advertising agencies and television
stations, which control content distribution.
(3) Externalities of culture and fiscal problems
The tendency for orchestras to be run as not-for-profit organizations with extremely
high ratios of labor costs, and to therefore fall victim to BAUMOL’s cost disease, has been
pointed out using research by William J. BAUMOL and William G. BOWEN. Not all industries
related to culture suffer from cost disease, however, and the more commercial enterprises
concentrated in Tokyo have played a role in the transition to a for-profit industry. The costdisease or unprofitability of cultural organizations alone, therefore, does not lead to theconclusion that public support is necessary.
The existence of externalities has become an important argument for public support
for culture. These externalities tend to lead to an undersupply of culture. We can interpretthe regional disparity in the supply of culture as resulting from the fact that externalityinduced undersupply is expressed more strongly in outlying areas, where the cultureindustry cannot survive commercially. Analysis of the labor market for artists alsosuggests that because opportunities for education and side jobs are abundant in metropolis,
the metropolis has attracted many artists, who rely on second jobs because their incomes
are typically unstable.
Common approaches to expressing the externalities of culture include thecontingent valuation method, the hedonic approach, and the travel cost approach. Emiko
KAKIUCHI (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies) and colleagues have used thecontingent valuation method to evaluate cultural value in the context of preserving
important cultural assets and landscapes.
The question of what types of policy intervention should be implemented in relation
to the supply of cultural goods and services with externalities is a problem of publicfinance or public policy. Because public policy related to culture is essentially cultural
policy, we may also think of this as a problem of cultural policy. Government intervention
takes the form of regulations, subsidies, and tax policy. Cultural assets are protected bylaws, artists and cultural organizations receive subsidies, and tax policy also provides
indirect support. The problem of public finance has been debated extensively from the22perspective of subsidies as incentives. Kazuko GOTO (Setsunan University) and Kosuke
NORIMOTO (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) have alsostudied tax incentives for arts and culture, a topic that has recently gained importance assubsidies fall in inverse proportion to Japan’s budget deficit.
A fair amount of research has also been carried out on the subject of managing
cultural organizations. Nobuko KAWASHIMA (Doshisha University), Kisei EI (director, Kani
Public Arts Center) and others were early proponents of cultural marketing, arguing that
customer acquisition is necessary for public cultural facilities and that these facilities must
develop accounting and management skills. They also argued for the need to develop adiverse range of funding sources rather than rely solely on subsidies. This perspective on
the problem shares a point of contact with the field of business administration.
(4) Economic impacts of expenditure on culture in the context of urban and regional
development
A frequent rationalization of subsidies for culture, and one which is related to
culture’s externalities, is the economic impact of expenditures on culture. Hiroyuki
YAMADA (professor emeritus, Kyoto University), Masuyo ARAI (Keio Economic
Observatory), and Hideho YASUDA (then with the Tokyo Metropolitan Gov. In-Service
Training Institute’s Research Division) used inter-industry tables from Tokyo in 1990 toinvestigate the economic impacts of expenditure on culture. They found that in the Tokyo
area, investment in arts and culture had a larger impact than investment in construction
or infrastructure.
Evidence of the economic impact of expenditure on culture suggests the significant
scale of culture’s impact on local economies. With the rise of the creative economy basedon knowledge, creativity, innovation, and intellectual property in the 2000s, theimportance of the culture and creative industries for cities has attracted attention. Both R.
FLORIDA’s writings in the United States on “the rise of the creative class,” and C. LANDRY’s
proposals for the “creative city” in England are products of the early 2000s. Regional
revitalization centered on art has since drawn attention in Japan, with Masayuki S ASAKI(Doshisha University) and many other researchers analyzing and proposing policies
related to the “creative city” and culture-based regional economic revitalization.
Advocacy for the creative city has its roots in thinking by the urbanologist J. JACOBS on
endogenous, decentralization, and diversity-based urban development.
(5) Applied economics, or a new theory of social economics?
Above we have surveyed the main research trends since the JACE’s founding.
23However, many valuable contributions have been made not only from social sciencefields such as economic history, sociology, law, and public administration, but also fromthe fields of art, museology, and library science. Researchers are divided over whether
cultural economics should be defined as a field of applied economics in which economic
theories are applied to culture, or whether existing economic theory should be questioned
through empirical analysis of cultural phenomena, leading to a wider theoreticalframework of social economics.
At the very least, the cultural goods and services dealt with in cultural economics
have different characteristics than other goods and services. Tamon YAMADA (professor
emeritus, Keio University) has argued that because information regarding the exchangeof cultural goods is incomplete and equilibrium fluctuates based on exogenous factors
such as changes in skills and tastes, a gap between producer and consumer valuation ofcultural goods constantly exists. As a result, transactions involving cultural goods
comprise a dynamic system with a fluctuating endogenous equilibrium. Yamada’s
research evokes the difficult problem of how to value culture, or in other words, of how
to handle the cultural versus the economic value of the arts. Jun IKEGAMI (professor
emeritus, Kyoto University) has proposed the concept of intrinsic value and pointed out
the limitations of traditional welfare economics.
The problem of the value of culture arose because research within the JACE has
focused not only on cultural reproduction, but also on original creation. With thedevelopment of the Internet, culture has increasingly been distributed as an information
product, bringing the fields of cultural economics and information economics closer
together. However, cultural economics differs in that it deals with the relationshipbetween the primary (original) and secondary (reproduction) markets for cultural
production, and frequently deals with industry organizations for cultural production.
4. Association Conferences and Publications
The JACE holds an annual research conference each year in June or July, as wellas an academic lecture event or symposium every fall. The JACE has also strengthened
its connection with the ACEI over the years, through an ACEI workshop in 1999 held inTokyo and the 17th Association for Cultural Economics International Conference in 2012
held in Kyoto. The Association’s academic journal published its first collection of articles
in 1995, and two more issues were published in 1996 and 1997. Since 1998, two issuesof the Journal of Cultural Economics Japan have been published each year. Scholars
selected from JACE’s membership edit the journal, and international academics are24

involved in the peer review process. The Association also publishes a quarterly newslettercontaining information about research, regional activities, and current social andeconomic trends relating to culture.
Although it is impossible to list all the topics covered at these conferences in thislimited space, I will give a brief overview of the 2012 international conference at
Doshisha University. The ACEI conference takes place once every two years, usually
alternating between Europe and the United States. The 2012 conference was the first timethe event was held in Asia. Three hundred and twenty papers were submitted from 62
countries, from which more than 200 were selected for presentation. Approximately 350
conference attendees came from 40 countries, including 250 from abroad and 100 fromJapan.
The conference also marked the 20th anniversary of the JACE’s founding, andmembers poured all their resources into preparing for it. Agency of Cultural Affairs
director Seiichi KONDO was invited to give the welcoming speech, and religion scholar
Tetsuo YAMAORI delivered a lecture on the process of urban formation in Kyoto, where theconference was held. Experts in the economics of copyright, spatial economics, andcultural economics delivered the keynote speeches:

・ Professor S. LIEBOWITZ (Ashbel Smith Professor of Economics, Center for theProperty Right and Innovation, University of Texas): “What Has the Internet
Wrought for the Production of Entertainment and Culture?”

・ Professor Masahisa FUJITA (director, Research Institute of Economy, Trade andIndustry): “Diversity and Culture in Knowledge Creation: The story of the Towerof Babel revisited”

・ Professor V. GINSBURGH (former President, ACEI): “Economics of the Arts: A
Subjective and Personal View”
In addition to the presentation of papers in subcommittees, the conference featured
special sessions on the video game industry, an Asian perspective on intangible cultural
heritage, ebooks, and an invitational session on creative industry statistics withparticipation from UNESCO’s statistical research center and from the creative industry
25

division of Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry. Discussion about the latest
on-the-ground trends thrived due to participation from Shigeru SAITO, president of Kyotobased video game company TOSE Software, in the video game session; former UNESCO
secretary general Koichiro MATSUURA in the intangible cultural heritage session; andImpress Holdings director Masahiro KITAGAWA and former Shonen Jump editor at
Shueisha Hisashi SASAKI in the ebooks session.
5. Prospects and Issues for the Future
Now in its 22nd year, JACE is currently debating the future direction of the
Association. As Japan and other countries transition to a knowledge economy, culture,creativity, and innovation will become increasingly important. Among the many areas the
Association must focus on are the education of young scholars, the feedback of research
results into society, and the establishment of cultural economics as an interdisciplinary
academic field. Based on the outcomes of the 2012 international conference, the JACE
has also focused on creating a network of Asian cultural economists, and in 2011 and2013, Asian workshops were held toward that end. As we explore deeper research ties
with related academic associations, we are developing a vision for the future that includes
expanding the international research network.
(Kazuko GOTO, Setsunan University)

26

JAPAN ACADEMY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES

1. Foundation and Objectives
The Japan Academy of International Business Studies (JAIBS) was founded in July
1994 as the first academic society to study international business in Japan. The Academy
aims at providing a global forum of intellectual exchange and cross-disciplinary
collaboration on important issues of international business from interdisciplinary
perspectives. Interdisciplinary perspectives in concrete terms means encompassing
various academic fields such as international management, international marketing,international human resource management, comparative business studies, international
economics, international relations, international law, international sociology and crosscultural management. The Academy is naturally an academic organization with acomplement of scholars and researchers; however, it also invites active participation frompractitioners in the business world to create a synergistic effect and to jointly makecontributions of an international scope with impact on the greater society.
In the 20 years since its inception, the Academy has grown and prospered under theactive leaderships of four Presidents, i.e., from 1994 to 2000, Yasuo OKAMOTO, Emeritus
Professor of University of Tokyo; from 2000 to 2006, Kenichi ENATSU, Emeritus Professorof Waseda University; from 2006 to 2012, Kiyonori SAKAKIBARA, Professor of Hosei
University; from 2012 to present, Kenichi YASUMURO, Professor of Osaka University ofCommerce. The Academy’s current membership has grown to include 761 individual
members and four corporate members.
The Academy regularly promotes an extensive range of academic activities that
include, for example, the hosting of collaborative research meetings not only with foreign
academic organizations, such as the Academy of International Business (AIB),International Federation of Scholarly Associations of Management (IFSAM) or the
Korean Academy of International Business, but also with the Japan Academy forInternational Trade and Business and the Japan Society for Human Resource
Management, for the purpose of enhancing in-depth academic exchanges with relatedsocieties. The Academy also consists of regional divisions, that are the Hokkaido/Tohoku,
Kanto, Kansai, Chubu, Chu-Shikoku and Kyushu divisions.
Besides its research oriented activities, as befits the Academy’s nature as an
academic organization in the study of international business, many of its members
actually undertake to visit a number of countries for the purpose of conducting research27

in the field. In similar fashion, being a part of the larger global village, the Academy’s
members also actively engage with the rest of the world through making donations andoffering assistance to various natural disaster relief programs such as those related torecent earthquakes. As an academic society centered on the study of international business,
JAIBS through its various research and other activities hopes to make its own contribution
towards building a better society for the world on a continuous basis.

Ⅱ．Annual Conferences from 2009 to2013
Among a variety of activities of the Academy, the annual conference held in falleach year is without doubt its most important function. The conference theme of eachyear reflects the business environment of the time and keynote speeches and the papers
presented signify the current research focus, concerns and issues that are widely sharedboth by academicians and business practitioners.
It is, therefore, useful and informative to review the chronological history of the
Academy’s annual conferences and to see how the Academy has evolved over the past
years. Since the first 15 annual conferences from 1994 to 2008 have been reported in the
Information Bulletin of the Union of National Economic Associations in Japan, No. 24,
previously, we shall summarize in the following the annual conferences from 2009 to2013 for the most recent five years.

1. The 16th Annual Conference in 2009 (Oct. 24-25, Yokohama National University)
Conference Theme 2009: Global Development Strategy for the 21st Century
Keynote Speech I: CHO Du-sop (Yokohama National University)“From Technology Transfer to Technology Creation”
Keynote Speech II: Tomofumi AMANO (the University of Tokyo)“Some Viewpoints on Emerging Market Strategy and International Management
Strategy”
Keynote Speech III: Kenichi YASUMURO (Osaka University of Commerce)“A Roadmap for Global Development Strategy for the 21st Century”

28Special Lecture I: Takeshi NAKATSU (Shiseido)“Global Strategy of Japanese Firms (Cultural Product Area)”
Special Lecture II: Masakatsu HIOKI (Komatsu)“Human Management Strategy in Global Management: with a Focus on
Komatsu’s Case”

2. The 17th Annual Conference in 2010 (Oct. 23-24, Hokkaido University)
Conference Theme 2010: Globalization in the New Era and Sustainability
Keynote Speech I: Kanji TANIMOTO (Hitotsubashi University)“Globalization and Sustainability: towards a New Business Model”
Keynote Speech II: Tsuyoshi SHIMIZU (the University of Tokyo)“Sustainable Management and Development of a Complaints Handling Process”
Special Lecture I: Kanetoshi ODA (Nippon Poly-Glu Co., Ltd.)“Small-Medium Enterprise Have Chances to Win in BOP Business”
Special Lecture II: Kiyoshi SUGIYAMA (Nitori Co., Ltd.)“Tips for Success of Foreign Factory Management”
3. The 18th Annual Conference in 2011 (Oct. 22-23, University of Toyama)
Conference Theme 2011: International Business and Innovation
Keynote Speech I: Hiromichi MORIMOTO (Tokyo Metropolitan University)“Rejuvenation of Japanese Firms and Business Model Innovation: The Great
East Japan Earthquake and Electronics Industry”
Keynote Speech II: Kiyonori SAKAKIBARA (Hosei University)“Innovation of Reverse Innovation”
Special Lecture I: Wataru OTANI (YKK Corporation)“Global Management and Evolution of the Technology Development in YKK”

29

Special Lecture II: Yasuhiko SHIOI (Kokando Co., Ltd.)“The Status Quo of Pharmaceutical Products in Toyama Prefecture and Global
Development of Kokando”

4. The 19th Annual Conference in 2012 (Oct. 27-28, J. F. Oberlin University)
Conference Theme 2012: Grand Design for Revitalization of Japan
Keynote Speech I: Yasuyuki FURUSAWA (AEON Co., Ltd.）“AEON’s Response to the Great East Japan Earthquake”
Keynote Speech II: Toshio WATANABE (Takushoku University）“How to confront China?”
Moderator: Shigeto MOROKAMI (Meiji University）
Research Report I: Junjiro SHINTAKU (the University of Tokyo）“Impacts by the Overseas Production of Japanese Companies on the Japanese
Economy: The value-added analysis of overseas production”
Commentator: Kiyonori SAKAKIBARA (Hosei University）
Moderator: Yoshiharu KUWANA (J. F. Oberlin University)
Research Report II: Yoshitaka OKADA (Sophia University)“The Frontier of System Reform and Business: Sustainability and Distributed
Knowledge”
Commentator: Kenichi YASUMURO (Osaka University of Commerce
Moderator: Yoshiharu KUWANA (J. F. Oberlin University)
Research Report Ⅲ: Hiroshi HOSHINO (Kyushu University)“Business, NPOs and the Community: Value Creation from Cross-sector
Collaboration”
Commentator: Hideyuki SUGAWARA（Hokkai Gakuen University）
Moderator: Shigeto MOROKAMI (Meiji University）
Fellow Commemorative Lecture: Shiro TAKEDA (Yokohama National University)“The Need for New Paradigms in Global Market Development: The Transition
from ‘Consumer Selectable Products’ to ‘Consumer Selectable Management’30and the Further Transition to ‘Management Enabled Consumer Selectable
Management’”
Moderator: Takeshi FUJISAWA (Kwansei Gakuin University）
Special Program: Combined Symposium with Korean Academy ofInternational Business
Report 1: Ku-Hyun JUNG (KAIST), Young-Ryeol PARK (Yonsei University)“Characteristics of Emerging Korean Multinationals”
Report 2: Yong-Duk KIM (Soongsil University), Yeong Seon YOON (Soongsil
University)“Analysis of the Effectiveness of Korean Government Investment
Policies in FDI”
Moderator: Masataka OTA (Waseda University）
Forum: “Initiatives Taken by leading Companies towards Global Human
Resources Management”
Panelists: Yasutoshi HOSHINO (Siemens Japan K.K.), Masakatsu HIOKI (KomatsuLtd.), Kaoru KUZUME (Marubeni Corporation)
Moderator: Emiko MAGOSHI (J. F. Oberlin University)
Chairman: Mitsuhide SHIRAKI (Waseda University)
5. The 20th Annual Conference in 2013 (Kinki University)
Conference Theme 2013: “Globalization and Regional Innovation”
Keynote SpeechⅠ: Katsuhiko WAKABAYASHI (Hardlock Industry Co., Ltd.)“The Secret of One-of-a-kind Product Development”
Moderator: Shouhei TABATA (Kinki University)
Keynote SpeechⅡ: Norimichi SOGA (Nitta Gelatin NA Inc.)“g-DNA Management Gelatin, Global, Growth”
Moderator: Shouhei TABATA (Kinki University)
Keynote SpeechⅢ: Hidemi KUMAI (Kinki University)“How to Face Adversities: The Challenging Process of Creating the World’sFirst Complete Pacific Bluefin Tuna Farming System”
Moderator: Shouhei TABATA (Kinki University)

31

Research ReportⅠ: Takeshi OTOWA (Hiroshima City University）“Innovation and International Expansion from a Local Company Perspective”
Commentator: Makoto KANDA (Meiji Gakuin University)
Moderator: Toru TAKAI (Nihon University)
Research Report Ⅱ: Kazuhiro ASAKAWA (Keio University)“Current State and Issues in ‘Local for Global’ Types of Innovations in
Multinational Corporations”
Commentator: Kenichi YASUMURO (Osaka University of Commerce）
Moderator: Toru TAKAI (Nihon University)
Fellow Memorial Lecture: Tetsuo ABO (the University of Tokyo）“International Transfer of the Japanese Style Production System and Buildinga Competitive Advantage: Hybrid Factories and the Local Market
Environments in the Six Continents”
Moderator: Hiroshi ITAGAKI (Musashi University）
Special Program: Makoto TAKAI (Kwansei Gakuin University）“The End of the Sustainable Economic Development Era and the Transition of
the Corporate Paradigm: Looking Back at the Starting Point of International
Business Research”
Moderator: Shigeto MOROKAMI (Meiji University）
Forum Ⅰ : Combined Symposium with Korean Academy of International
BusinessYong-Duk KIM (Soongsil University), Jeong-Oh HAM (KOTRA)“The Determinants of Performances of Korean Investment Companies in
China”
Joon-Seok OH (Sookmyung Women’s University)“A Study on the Outbound FDI and CSR of Korean Manufacturing Firms”
Moderator: Chie IGUCHI (Keio University）
Forum Ⅱ : “Questioning the Methodology of International BusinessResearch: Twenty Years since the Foundation of JAIBS”
Panelist: Takehiko ISOBE (Keio University）
Kiyonori SAKAKIBARA (Hosei University)
32

Junjiro SHINTAKU (the University of Tokyo）
Hirohumi TATSUMOTO (University of Tsukuba）
Moderator: Woosuck JUHN (Chukyo University）
A tradition and innovation forum: Local to Global
Panelist: Kotaro NISHIBORI (Hiyoshiya Workshop Co., Ltd）
Shinji TANISHIRI (Tamanoi Vinegar Co., Ltd.）
Moderator: Yukiko SHINOMIYA (Kinki University）

III. Journal and Newsletter Publications
From its founding in 1994 until 2014, each year the Academy has published theAnnual Bulletin of the Japan Academy of International Business Studies，which featurespeer-reviewed papers and reports contributed by speakers and presenters selected in theprevious year’s conference. Starting in 2009, the Academy changed its annual publication
into a bi-annual peer-reviewed journal format called the Journal of International Business,
the first volume of which was already published in April 2009. This new journal is
expected to accommodate future growth in both quality and quantity of research papers.
In addition, a JAIBS Newsletter that is published bi-annually plays an importantrole in public information dissemination, e.g., reporting on the nationwide conferences，
financial reports, introduction of upcoming chapter events and detailed contents related
to other activities.

IV. Other Activities
Other activities of the Academy include annual conference, publications, chapterbased workshops, awards and international exchanges.
In addition to the annual conferences，there are also chapter-based workshop
meetings. Currently, the Academy has six active chapters nationwide, of which two
chapters are organized under the Kanto Branch and four chapters under the Kansai Branch.
In the Kanto area, the two chapters are as follows: (i) Hokkaido & Northeast Chapter(Chapter Chief: Satoshi IWATA of Hokkaido University); and (ii) Kanto Chapter(Branch/Chapter Chief: Junjiro SHINTAKU of the University of Tokyo). Together these twochapters hold six workshop meetings annually. In the Kansai area, the four chapters are33

as follows: (i) Chubu Chapter (Chapter Chief: Masami KAJIUARA of Aichi Gakuin
University); (ii) Kansai Chapter (Branch/Chapter Chief: Takeshi FUJISAWA of Kwansei
Gakuin University); (iii) Chugoku/Shikoku Chapter (Chapter Chief: Takeshi OHTOWA of
Hiroshima City University); and (iv) Kyushu Chapter (Chapter Chief: Hiroshi HOSHINO of
Kyushu University). Together these four chapters hold six workshop meetings annually
as well. The workshop meetings are well-attended by members and provide excellent
opportunities for professional exchange of information and ideas as well as fordiscussions among the members in a less formal atmosphere on a regular basis.
To coordinate its active schedule of events and to keep its members well-informed,e.g., from issuing calls for papers related to annual conferences to publicizing chapterbased local activities，the Academy periodically disseminates a wide range of news andinformation in the form of an electronic newsletter.
The Academy provides research grants to promising young researchers toencourage and support their budding careers. The Academy also gives awards tooutstanding research papers and books contributing to the advancement of international
business studies. A list of the JAIBS Awards for the past five years from 2009 to 2013 issummarized in the next section.
The Excellent Dissertation Award was started in 2006 to recognize the best paper
published in the Annual Bulletin of JAIBS whose author is a graduate under 35 years old.
The former Encouragement Award for papers was terminated in 2003. Instead the JAIBSAwards comprise the Best Book of the Year Award and The Most Promising Paper of theYear Award. With the establishment of the Excellent Dissertation Award starting in 2006,
the annual JAIBS Awards at present consist of three Awards in total.

Ⅴ. List of JAIBS Awards[2009 JAIBS Academic Award for the Best Book of the Year]
Hideko, KONO, Guest Engineer: the Chain between inter-company network, humanresource development and organizational capability, Hakuto-Shobo publishing company,
2009.
[2009 JAIBS Academic Award for the Most Promising Paper of the Year]
Emiko MAGOSHI with Eunmi CHANG, “Diversity management and the effects on employees’organizational commitment: Evidence from Japan and Korea,” Journal of World Business,
January, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2009.
34

[2009 Excellent Dissertation Award]
Kiyohiro OKI, “Capability-Building of Foreign Subsidiaries under the International
Functional Division of Labor: A Case Study of a Japanese HDD Manufacturing Company,”
Japan Academy of International Business Studies, Vol.1, No.1.
[2010 JAIBS Academic Award for the Best Book of the Year]
Takehiko ISOBE, Shige MAKINO & Christine M. CHEN, National Borders and Enterprise:
Analysis of Institutions and Global Strategy,” Toyo Keizai INC, 2010.
Yasuo SUGIYAMA, Evolution of Global Strategy: Transnationalization Process of JapaneseCompanies, Yuhikaku, 2009.
[2010 Excellent Dissertation Award]
Heejin KIM, “The Entry Mode of Overseas Subsidiaries and Global Product Development:
Case Study of Denso’s Italian, Korean and American Subsidiaries,” Japan Academy ofInternational Business Studies, Vol.2, No.1.
[2011 JAIBS Academic Award for the Best Book of the Year]
Masakazu IMAI, International Business in a Big Emerging Country, Russia: Business
Location and Evolution of Company Activity, Chuokeizai-Sha, Inc.
[2011 Excellent Dissertation Award]
Heekyung NA, “Exploiting Cooperation in R&D Organization Design: A Case Study of a
Mobile Handset Firm in Korea,” Japan Academy of International Business Studies, Vol.3,
No.2.
[2012 JAIBS Academic Award for the Best Book of the Year]
Akira TANAKA, Postwar Japan's Mineral Industry: A Comparative History of Its
Procurement System and Sogo Shosha, the University of Nagoya Press, Nagoya, 2012.
Kazuhiro ASAKAWA, Global Research & Development Management, Keio University
Press, Tokyo, 2011.
[2012 JAIBS Academic Award for the Most Promising Paper of the Year]
Minheng HAN, “A study on the evaluation of Japanese expatriates from the view point of35

local employees : the case of Japanese overseas subsidiaries in China,” Japan Academyof International Business Studies , Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012[2013 Excellent Dissertation Award]
Tsung-Ming YEH, “Do Private Equity Funds Increase Firm Value? Evidence fromJapanese Leveraged Buyouts,”Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Vol.24, No.4, 2012.
[2013 JAIBS Academic Award for the Most Promising Paper of the Year]
Mizuki KOBAYASHI, “Local advantage and the local supplier relationship of the subsidiaryof MNC in the host country: A case study of Japanese electronic manufacturing
companies in China,” Japan Academy of International Business Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2,
2013.
（Takao YAMAMOTO, Kanagawa University,
Reiko TAKENOUCHI, Yamanashi University)

36

NIPPON ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT
1. Profile of the Nippon Academy of Management
The Nippon Academy of Management (formerly the Nippon Academy ofManagement Education) marked its 35th anniversary in 2014. The Academy wasestablished in 1979 by the late Professor Akira YAMASHIRO based on his philosophy of“practical management with theory and practice” in order to research and practicemanagement education for developing business leaders and managers.
The purposes of the Academy were to facilitate “creation of new knowledge” and“development of human resources” through the interaction of academic research andpractical experiences. However, the name of the Nippon Academy of Management
Education was changed to Nippon Academy of Management in 2011 in order: (a) to
expand its fields of study, and (b) to cover practical management issues including
nonprofit organizations, not limited to education.
The mission of the Academy is to create new knowledge and to develop humanresources through academic studies and practical experiences for management. The
Academy has three objectives as follows; 1) a practical study on activities of management
entities, 2) a study on Japanese management and international management, and 3) a study
on management education for developing the practical abilities and skills of businessleaders and managers. As seen in the objectives, the Academy places a high importanceon “practical management” and “management education” and plays an important role
among other institutes related to management.
Research conducted in the Academy mainly focuses on comparative management
based on Japanese management by interacting with other countries or areas (e.g., USA,
Europe and Asia). The Academy exchanges opportunities to share results for its studies
with the Academy of Management (Management Education & Development). It also
holds industry and academia interaction study meetings for sharing and analyzing hot andimportant topics with experienced professional people to achieve its vision, “practicalmanagement with theory and practice.” There are five regional study groups and threestudy groups on the basis of research topics, that is, the Practical Management Study
Group, the Japanese and International Management Study Group, and the Management
Education Study Group.
While the Practical Management Study Group facilitates research that establishes
practical management in theory and practice, the Japanese and International Management37

Study Group conducts research that examines what will be changed or unchanged as aconsequence of the process of globalization and how hybrid management model fusing
multicultural management will be formulated. The Management Education Study Groupfocuses on a study of management education for developing practical abilities and skillsof business leaders and managers, which are the most essential strategic factors fororganizations.
The Nippon Academy of Management produces excellent results from the activities
mentioned above, that are the establishment of practical management and thedevelopment of capable human resources.
2. Activities in the past five years
The Nippon Academy of Management has held national conferences, industry andacademia interaction symposiums, regional meetings, and research workshops.
Here, we report the national conferences from 2009 to 2014. We had two national
conferences every year and each conference was accompanied by a company visit
including a discussion or exchange of opinions with the company’s managers on Day 1.
Then there were research reports and symposiums on Day 2 and 3. The following are
outlines of major activities in the national conference from 2009 to 2014.
1) 2009
The 60th national conference was held from October 23rd to 25th at the Higashi
Chiyo Campus, Hiroshima University. The main theme of the conference was the New
Japanese Way of Management.
On Day 1, we visited the Hiroshima Plant, Head Office of the Mazda Motor
Corporation and exchanged opinions on “Strategic CSR Activities in Mazda” with an
employee who was in charge of CSR.
On Day 2, the following four research reports were presented under the main
theme: “Transformation and Development of Human Resource Management at JapaneseAffiliated Companies in the People’s Republic of China,” “For the Rebuilding of theJapanese Model of Human Resources Development,” “Quest for the New Paradigm ofJapanese Management: Overcoming the Difference Between Profit and Non-Profit
Organizations,” and “Introducing the Process of Development of Cosmetic Brushes andEstablishing Such a Market, and Examining Ways to Activate Enterprises.” The Korea
Management Association also presented “A Study on Human Resource Cultivation by
Introducing the Mentoring System” as a fellowship report.
The president of Fukutome Meat Packers, Ltd., Shuji NAKAJIMA, delivered a special38speech about establishing and spreading his management philosophy, entitled“Management Philosophy of Fukutome Meat Packers as a Compass or Signpost for Life
and Business.”
On Day 3, research reports and panel discussions along with the main theme were
presented. Tatsuya OGAWA (Tokyo Fuji University) presented “the Possibility ofOvercoming Corporate Scandals by Negative Organizational Learning and the Issue ofManagement Education” as a fellowship report. During the panel discussions, we
discussed the importance of developing human resources as the fundamental principle ofJapanese management and the need for reconsidering the relationship between
organizations and individuals.
2) 2010The 61st national conference was held from June 25th to 27th at the Shinagawa
Campus, Rissho University. The main theme of the conference was the Development andTasks of Small and Medium-sized Business Enterprise in Japan.
We reconfirmed the importance of clarifying the modern characteristics of small
and medium enterprises (SMEs) that have contributed to the development of industry andtechnologies in Japan by discussing the role of SMEs and their development along withthe dramatic changes in the business environment. It was the first time that we discussed
SMEs as a main theme at our national conferences.
On Day 1, we visited the niche top companies, Ohashi Engineering Co., Ltd. andSayaka Co., Ltd., in Ota Ward, Tokyo, where SMEs are densely concentrated. We visitedtheir factories and exchanged opinions with their entrepreneurs about the globalizing
market and product development in SMEs.
On Day 2, the following three research reports were presented in a plenary session:“Social Role which the Small Business Executive Accomplishes,” “A viewpoint fromturnaround professionals: How to manage small and medium-sized enterprises, in dealing
with the issues in their own practice,” and “Small-medium sized companies in Japan andManagement Education in a University.” The third and last report presented the results ofinterviews on SMEs conducted by Rissho University, and the teaching effectiveness ofmanagement education by entrepreneurs in Rissho University.
There were three speeches in the plenary session. Moriyuki S ARUWATARI, presidentof Sayaka Co., gave a speech about meeting customers’ needs quickly and changing typesof business as a strength in small-scale enterprises. Two special speeches were alsodelivered. The first speech’s title was “the Globalization of Studies on SMEs and its
Implication” presented by Itsutomo MITSUI (Yokohama National University), chairman of39

the Japan Academy of Small Business Studies. He mentioned a need to review theJapanese version of the Small and Medium Enterprise Charter and entrepreneurshipeducation. The second speech’s title was “the Characteristics, Circumstances, andStrategies of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises” presented by Naoyuki AIKAWA fromthe National Association of Shinkin Banks. He emphasized the need and importance ofmanagement in SMEs according to the company’s size and business environment.
On Day 3, research reports were presented in a general session and a symposium
was held along with the main theme of the conference.
The 62nd national conference was held from October 29th to 31st at the Miyoshi
Campus, Tokai Gakuen University. The main theme of the conference was the Modern
Managerial Significance of Long-life Enterprise: Tradition and Innovation.
We visited the limited partnership, Hatcho Miso, which was founded in the early
Edo period. We also visited a factory that manufactures miso (bean paste) and exchanged
opinions about management of long-life enterprises with president of this company.
Long-life enterprises are companies that gain more fans in the market and society
not only by utilizing their traditions, but also by engaging in business innovations. We set
long-life enterprises as the main theme of the conference because studying about anddiscussing the characteristics and management of long-life enterprises would contributeto understanding Japanese management and a greater consideration of management issues
in modern companies. Three reports, “The Emergence of New Business Models andEntrepreneurship Education: Tradition and Innovation in Management Education,” “Themanagerial excellence of long-lived companies: In search of value-driven businessbehavior,” and “The Concept and the Contemporary Significance of Corporate Going
Concerns” were presented in a plenary session.
The Korea Management Association reported the effectiveness of the three-stage
principles of the TRIX Technique in a fellowship report under the theme of “Solving
Corporate Problems by TRIX Technique,” by referring to the case of Southwest Airlines
Co.
Yoshihiro YASUI, Brother Industries, Ltd. delivered a special speech, “My View of
Humanity and Thoughts for Management.” He introduced his philosophy “Tomoiki,”which means live, let live, and be kept alive. He presented team building and the role ofleadership, by recognizing that “consumption and production” and “nature and humanbeings” live and grow together.
On Day 3, research reports were presented in a general session.

403) 2011
The 63rd national conference was held from June 17th to 19th at the ShonanHiratsuka Campus, Kanagawa University. We changed the academy’s name to “Nippon
Academy of Management” this year and set the main theme of the national conference as
Exploring the Origin of Management: Methods for Generating and Emerging Wisdom.
On this occasion, we thought that it was essential to remind ourselves of the starting pointof the theory and practice of management.
On Day 1, we visited ULVAC, Inc., which is a leading global supplier of flat panel
display, equipment, materials, analysis, and services with the application of vacuum
technology. We also had a factory tour, discussions, and exchanges of opinions with thepresident of ULVAC.
On Day 2, four research reports under the theme of wisdom (e.g., “Social Business by
Multi-Stakeholders: in the case of Recycling” or “A Semantic Approach to Retaining andApplying Resources: a Scheme to Manage Resources for a Finite World”) were delivered
in a plenary session.
Yoshinobu FUKUSHIMA from Biso Co. gave a special speech regarding his
management philosophy under the theme of “Management in My Own Way andUtilization of Human Resources: a Company for Society, a Company for All.”On Day 3, panel discussions were held in plenary and general sessions.
The 64th national conference was held from October 28th to 30th at the Universityof Marketing and Distribution Sciences. The main theme of the conference was “Crisis
Management: what should be requested, and what must we do?,” which was set for the
purpose of exploring and verifying ways of dealing with an unprecedented situation
brought by complete changes in the current risk management systems.
On Day 1, we visited the Solution Center of Sysmex. This company is a global
company that supplies the instruments, reagents and software for urine particle analysis
or blood testing to healthcare facilities.
On Day 2, discussions and research reports entitled “The System and Developmentof Sustainable Management of a Modern Company” and “The Importance of Social
Logistics” were held. The former was about a study of corporate sustainability from theperspective of crisis management, and the latter was about a study of support activities
after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Yoshio MATSUMOTO (Nihon University) as chairmanof the Nippon Academy of Management gave a keynote speech entitled “The Roles ofAcademics and Scientists during Emergencies.”
Research reports and discussions in a general session focused on management after
41

the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Toshikazu SAEKI, Shinko Care Life Co., Ltd. gave a special speech, “My Thoughts
and Feelings on Life Care Services for The Elderly”, about care and support services forthe elderly regarding the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake.
On Day 3, research reports were presented in a general and a Korean session.
4) 2012The 65th national conference was held from June 22nd to 24th at the College ofCommerce, Nihon University. The main theme of the conference was Paradigm Shift in
Business Models.
On Day 1, we visited NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories (STRL),
where we had a chance to experience the latest technology and to discuss the next
generation broadcasting systems. STRL is a sole research institute in Japan specializing
in research about broadcasting technologies including the development of next generation
broadcasting media and universal broadcasting services, advanced content production
technology, and devices and materials for broadcast.
On Day 2, a plenary session was conducted on the following themes, “Strategy ofLaunching a Business in the Digital Age”, “Managing and Manufacturing after an
Earthquake Disaster”, and “For a Further Leap over the Convoy System.” In the sessionof “Strategy of Launching a Business in the Digital Age”, Haruaki DEUCHI from theLifenet Insurance Company presented a survey on the venture business. The second
session reported a business continuity planning and business models, whereas the third
session discussed healthcare management in the future.
Tsuneo SAKAI, the president of the Japan Hospital Association, which is the only
hospital association in Japan belonging to the International Hospital Federation, gave a
special speech entitled “The Paradigm Shift in Healthcare Management.”
On Day 3, research reports were held in a general session.
The 66th national conference was held from November 2nd to 4th at Hokkai
Gakuen University. The main theme of the conference was Regional Industrial
Development and Training Successors.
On Day 1, we visited the Hokkaido Brewery facilities of Sapporo Breweries Ltd.
and exchanged opinions regarding environmental management.
On Day 2, in a plenary session, we had the following three research reports. First,“The growth of the food sample industry and training successors” was delivered in termsof regional industrial development and training successors. Second, “NEXT-Dojo” which42is an organization for training executive managers and “Business Succession of Local
Industries” was given as an example of a successful case for business succession. Both
topics represented the relationship between the prefectural government and regional
industry in Nagaoka City, Niigata. Third, SMEs in Hokkaido reported on “Activity of
personnel training and succession planning of Small Business Entrepreneurs in Hokkaido”
by focusing on their status of the association and achievements. Lastly, “Successor
planning begins with the development of a corporate culture that succeeds in its dream”
was reported under the theme of business succession.
Ichiro INOUE from Hikari Gokin Co., Ltd. gave a special speech on human resource
development entitled “Manufacturing, human resource development, urban development.”
On Day 3, panel discussions and research reports were delivered in a generalsession.
5) 2013
The 67th national conference was held from June 7th to 9th at Wako University,
Machida City, Tokyo. The main theme of the conference was Construction of the Local
Management Area by Enterprises.
On Day 1, we visited the Mitsutoyo Corporation, which is a leading company
offering precision measuring instruments. We also toured the Numata Memorial Hall and
Mitsutoyo Museum, and exchanged opinions about their business including their researchdevelopment and their production and sales systems.
On Day 2, the reports, “Case Study of JICA Technical cooperation projects,”“Adjustment between Business Models for Core Business and for New Business, andOverseas Business Strategy,” “Regional Economy and Industry Development throughEnterprise Initiative: a Case Study on Bandung City as a regional capital in Indonesia,”and “Construction of the Local Management Area of ‘Ohmi Merchants’ in Japan” were
presented. These research reports suggested that the reconstruction of local management
is highly needed in Japan.
Takaaki TANAKA from Toshiba Corporation gave a special speech, “How will
Japanese companies compete in China?” which discussed promoting localization ofmanagement and a need of change in terms of the viewpoint of the head office.
On Day 3, the following two research reports, “Indonesia as Number Two” and“Changing the Concept in BOP Business: The important way and expansion from
Strategic CSR to CSV” were delivered in a plenary session. Research presentations in a
general session were subsequently delivered.

43

The 68th national conference was held from October 18th to 20th at Kyushu
Sangyo University. The main theme of the conference was Entrepreneurs andmanagement in the Region.
On Day 1, we visited the factory of Fukuya Co., Ltd. and “Haku-haku (i.e., Hakata’s
cuisine and culture museum),” and we exchanged opinions about companies in the region.
On Day 2, four reports on the strategy of regional management in Fukuoka, “theStrategy of Reversing the Situation by a President on the Edge,” “Small Business
Innovation,” “Independence of women will change the future of Japan: How to change apinch into an opportunity,” and “Independence of women, and gender equality inenterprises: Realizations of gender equality in enterprises promote independence of
women” were delivered in a plenary session.
Masataka KAWAHARA from Fukuya Co., Ltd. gave a special speech, “Mymanagement concept: Management which harnesses people,” which was about the
management utilizing human resources and the importance of management based on his
management philosophy.
On Day 3, the reports, “Management practice of entrepreneur support” and “The
Knowledge Infrastructure to bring up Entrepreneurs” were delivered in a plenary session.
We were able to have productive discussions with the entrepreneurs who presented theresearch reports.
5) 2014The 69th national conference was held from May 30th to June 1st at the Hongo
Campus, Bunkyo Gakuin University. The main theme of the conference was New
Japanese growth industries and Management Innovation.
On Day 1, we visited “JP Tower” which was built on the site of the former Tokyo
Central Post Office building and we had a tour of “KITTE”, which is a commercial facility
located in the tower. We exchanged opinions with the administrator of the tower, Japan
Post Co., Ltd. about the redevelopment projects.
On Day 2, research reports about the strategic background and the problems ofproviding office spaces for ventures and plant factory businesses were delivered as
examples of growth industries in Japan. In a new business session, structural changes in
an industrial society and nursery care services and housekeeping services were discussed
as new businesses.
Toru TAKAHASHI from Japan Post Co., Ltd. gave a special speech entitled“Innovation in Japan Post Holdings.”
On Day 3, poster presentations about trends of academia-industry cooperation and44

research reports were presented in a general session.
3. New Attempts and Future Direction
The Academy has started preparing for the launch of the academic journal Nippon
Management Review. We would like to invite authors from various areas including thegovernment, industry, and academia. “Management Philosophy of Modern Chief
Executive Officers” will be a feature topic in the first number of the journal.
We have been making efforts to further develop the national conferences which areheld twice a year. To do so, only one university used to be in charge of a conference, but
we have changed this and the 68th conference was organized based on the consensus of
all universities belonging to the Chugoku-Kyushu Regional Study Group.
In the 69th
conference, panel presentations about the collaboration between industry and academia
were exhibited through a Call for Papers. Some universities also contributed to theconference by participating in the panel presentations. Additionally, the three divisions of
the academy have been working well and have contributed to an establishment of ouridentity, “practical management” and “management education.”(Masatoshi KOJIMA, Toyo University)

45

JAPAN SOCIETY OF MONETARY ECONOMICS
1. Outline of JSMEThe Japan Society of Monetary Economics (JSME) studies monetary economics
and related subjects from the perspective of theory and policy and contributes to theadvancement of learning and economic development. Since its foundation in l943, theSociety has been pursuing its mission to contribute to the progress of economic
development through academic research in a variety of fields related with monetary
economics and finance．In order to attain its goal, the Society performs the following
activities; a. Study and research, b. Conferences and seminars, c. Publication of news formembers, reports, and books, d. Support for study and research, including research fromother institutions, and e. Other activities needed to attain the goals of the Society.
(1) Brief History
The JSME was first organized in 1943. It is one of the earliest academic societies
or associations in economics founded in Japan, lasting more than 70 years. The
organization of the JSME dates back to a group of people who proposed its founding. The
group’s prospectus reads as follows;• Research in the fields of theory and policy of money and finance can achieve their
purposes most effectively by comprehensive cooperation of academics with practitioners.
• Although monetary and financial problems are so urgent these days, it is greatly
regrettable for our nation that we do not have any such academic society to live up to ournation’s expectations in this country so far.
• The most significant characteristic of the Society is the deepened awareness of theneed for integration or close cooperation of theory, policy and practice of money andfinance.
At the inceptive stage of founding the Society, Toyo Keizai Inc., a major publisher,went a long way toward establishing it. Tanzan ISHIBASHI recalled, in a pamphlet titled“The Birth of the JSME” [or “The Prenatal Episode of the JSME], that the Study Groupof Monetary Systems, sponsored by Toyo Keizai Inc. had laid the groundwork for its
founding.
(2) Major Activities
The Society has four major activities to facilitate members’ research. First, we havegeneral Annual Meetings twice a year. The spring Annual Meeting is held in the Kanto
region, and the fall Annual Meeting is held in other areas. In addition to the bi-annual46general Annual Meetings, the society has five Study Groups which meet in five regions,
i.e., Hokkaido Area, Kanto Area, Chubu Area, Kansai Area and Nishi-Nihon (Kyushu,
Chugoku and Shikoku) Area, and four special Study Groups, which are the Monetary
History group, International Monetary Economics group, Central Banking group andReconstruction Finance Study Group. These groups hold seminars twice or three times ayear. The Reconstruction Finance Study Group started in 2011 for the purpose of
supporting recovery from the damage from the Great East Japan Earthquake by academic
studies. Since then, seven meetings have been held and discussed various topics on thefinancial recovery problems.
Second, the Society publishes two academic journals, the Review of Monetary and
Financial Studies (Kinyu Keizai Kenkyu) and the Japanese Journal of Monetary and
Financial Economics. The Review of Monetary and Financial Studies is published twicea year. Each volume of the journal consists of several articles, which are approved byreferees appointed by the editorial board, book reviews as well as a summary of theSpecial Lectures, the Presidential Address and the Panel of the latest general Annual
Meeting. The submission of articles had been open to non-members since l998.
The Japanese Journal of Monetary and Financial Economics is an online journal,
which was first published in 2013. The journal accepts papers related to theoretical andempirical research on money and finance in accordance with the objectives of the Japan
Society of Monetary Economics. More specifically, the journal accepts papers on thefollowing research topics: money, financial transactions, monetary policy, financial
markets, financial institutions, financial industries, corporate finance, and international
finance. The Society intends to share with the global academic community the important
Japanese experiences in the monetary and financial fields, as well as to promote academic
research in the fields generally.
Third, due to the recent progress in information and communication technology,
the Homepage Committee of JSME has been actively promoting the use of the Society’s
website in both Japanese and English. As a result, the JSME website has been increasingly
used not only by JSME members but also by non-members who are interested in JSME
activities.
Fourth, in response to the recent globalization of the financial markets andinternational linkage of monetary policies, the Society has been promoting international
activities such as opening of English pages on its website and holding English
presentations and sessions at Annual Meetings. In 1998, the Society concluded anagreement with the China Society for Finance and Banking. The Society also concluded
an agreement with the Korea Money and Finance Association in 2011. Under the47

agreement for Academic Cooperation and Exchange between Japan and Korea,
Partnership Sessions have been held several times.
(3) President and Members of the Society
Eiji OGAWA (Hitotsubashi University) succeeded Hideo FUJIWARA (Doshisha
University) as President of the Society in May 2014 and has been promoting the Society’s
activities. The membership has been increasing, and covers a wide range of academicians
and practitioners who are interested in monetary and financial economics. In particular,
the number of graduate student members has been increasing in recent years. Currently,
the society has 1,364 individual members, seven supporting institutions, and 14 special
institutional members as of June 2014．
2．Annual Meetings
We have a two-day general meeting twice a year. Each meeting includes apresidential address and ends with a special panel discussion. The topics chosen as acommon theme for panel discussion are important issues of the Japanese economy at eachpoint of time. In this section, we summarize the meetings for five years briefly.
(1) Universities organizing the meetings
The annual meetings have been held in many universities. The following list shows
the universities where the annual meetings were held from Fall 2009 to Spring 2014. The
chairman of the organizing committee is elected from those universities.
Fall, 2009: Kagawa University
Spring, 2010: Chuo University
Fall, 2010: Kobe University
Spring, 2011: Meiji University
Fall, 2011: Kinki University
Spring, 2012: Rissho University
Fall, 2012: The University of Kitakyushu
Spring, 2013: Hitotsubashi University
Fall, 2013: Nagoya University
Spring, 2014: Keio University(2) Symposium (Kyotsu Rondai)
In an annual meeting, we have a special panel session in the afternoon of the second
day as a closing session of the meetings. In the session, one selected theme (Kyotsu
48

Rondai) is discussed by a couple of panelists. The themes of the meeting over five years
have been as follows:
Fall, 2009: Financial Regulatory Reforms after the Global Financial Crisis
Spring, 2010: Perspectives of Market-Based Indirect FinanceFall, 2010: Diversity vs. Universality of Regional Finance ― Toward a New Modelof Regional FinanceSpring, 2011: Some Issues concerning New BIS Regulations
Fall, 2011: A System of Public Finance for a New Era
Spring, 2012: M & A and Enterprise Value
Fall, 2012: A New Stage for Regional FinanceSpring, 2013: Retrospection of Quantitative Easing Policy
Fall, 2013: Market-Based Indirect Finance and the Evolution of Financial Systems
Spring, 2014: Five Years after the Lehman Shock: This Time Is Different
As the Lehman Brothers went bankrupt in 2008 and the financial crisis spread
globally, themes relating with the financial crisis and financial regulatory reform werediscussed repeatedly in these five years.
(3) Panel sessions of Meetings
With lots of individual presentations, a couple of panel sessions are held in annual
meetings. The panel sessions are organized by four special Study Groups: the Monetary
History group, International Monetary Economics group, Central Banking group andReconstruction Finance Study Group.
(4) Invited presentations
In an annual meeting, we have one invited lecture. We have invited speakers who
have distinguished careers in the academic field or a more practical financial field. Somespeakers are from foreign universities, some are from central banks, the Ministry of
Finance or financial supervisory authorities. The lectures are very valuable and give us
lots of good suggestions and ideas. The following is the list of the themes and names ofinvited speakers over five years.
Fall, 2009: On the Securities Market after the Global Financial Crisis
Speaker: Atsushi SAITO, President and CEO of Tokyo Stock Exchange Group,Inc.
Spring, 2010: Challenges and Efforts in Financial Administration
Speaker: Katsunori MIKUNIYA, Commissioner of Financial Services Agency
Fall, 2010: Roles for a Central Bank ─ Based on Japan’s Experience of the Bubble, the49

Financial Crisis, and Deflation ─
Speaker: Masaaki SHIRAKAWA, Governor of the Bank of Japan
Spring, 2011:
Ⅰ . Money, Government Securities and a Central Bank: Interdependency ofConfidence
Speaker: Masaaki SHIRAKAWA, Governor of the Bank of Japan
Ⅱ. The Implementation of Monetary Policy: How Do Central Banks Set Interest
Rates ?
Speaker: Benjamin FRIEDMAN, Harvard University
Fall, 2011: International Financial System: Today and Tomorrow
Speakers: Toyoo GYOHTEN, President of Institute for International Monetary Affairs
Takehiko NAKAO, Vice Minister of Finance for International Affairs
Spring, 2012: Current State of Financial Supervision
Speaker: Ryutaro HATANAKA, Commissioner of Financial Services Agency
Fall, 2012: The Rise of China: Opportunities and Challenges for Japan
Speaker: Chi Hung KWAN, Nomura Institute of Capital Markets Research
Spring, 2013:
Ⅰ. What Future for the Eurozone Governance?
Speaker: Jean TIROLE, IDEI, Université Toulouse 1
Ⅱ.Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing and the Financial System: Toward
Realization of a Vigorous Financial System
Speaker: Haruhiko KURODA, Governor of the Bank of Japan
Fall, 2013: Current Issues around Shinkumi Banks and the Future Role of the Shinkumi
Federation Bank
Speaker: Junichi NAITO, President of the Shinkumi Federation Bank
Spring, 2014: Theory and Recent Central Bank Experience
Speaker: Kazuo UEDA, University of Tokyo(5) Future meetings
The annual meetings will be held on the following schedule. As for the fallmeeting of 2014, it will be held at Yamaguchi University. The spring meeting of 2015
will be held at Tokyo Keizai University and the fall meeting of 2015 will be held at
Tohoku University.
3．Current situation and perspectives of JSMEThe Society has been active for more than seventy years. One of the aims of the50

Society is the exchange of ideas and knowledge between academic people and people
from more practical institutions like the ministry of finance, central bank and financial
supervisory authority. Such activities are very important especially when the monetary
policy becomes a key to boost the economy. Japan experienced severe recession anddeflation, and then adopted its zero interest rate policy, quantitative easing, and inflation
targeting policy. Now many other developed countries have experienced a similar
situation. In order to get through these economic difficulties, the Society should be theplace to discuss current monetary policy, and also it should suggest the optimal policy to
the world based on its experiences.
(Yuri SASAKI, Meiji Gakuin University）

51

JAPAN STATISTICAL SOCIETY
1. General Description
The Japan Statistical Society (JSS) was established in 1931 by a group of
statisticians in Japan immediately after the 19th Session of the International Statistical
Institute (ISI) held at Tokyo. In the early stage of the JSS, a special emphasis was on
official statistics and economic statistics, but later the JSS attracted mathematicians andresearchers in other areas, including engineers in statistical quality control and biometrics,
which have been closely related to statistics since World War II. To date, the members of
the JSS have diversified in the various fields of official statistics, mathematics, biology,
economics, engineering, psychology, education, sociology, finance, management
sciences, medical sciences, and other related fields of applications of statistical methods.
During 83 years since its establishment, the JSS has been recognized as one of theleading academic groups among Japanese scientists. The JSS has contributed indeveloping statistical methodologies with suitable applications in tremendously broad
fields in the community of science, government, and industry.
In Japan, there exist several independent societies that promote research andeducation in statistical methodologies and applications. The JSS has tried to build up
closer connections with the other statistics–related societies. A consequence of the JSS’s
efforts is the Japanese Joint Statistical Meeting, where the JSS and other statisticalsocieties, such as the Japanese Society of Applied Statistics, the Biometric Society ofJapan, the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics, and the Behaviormetric Societyof Japan, have jointly held a large scale research convention every September since 2002.
Since 2011, the JSS has been incorporated to accommodate requirements foradvanced research and education of statistics from outside the JSS. One of the JSS’s
activities to meet the demands is the Japan Statistical Society Certificate which started in2011 (See Section 6). Since 2012, the JSS has participated as a stakeholder in the JapaneseInter-University Network for Statistical Education (See Section 7).
2. Information on the Japan Statistical Society
The annual meeting of the JSS (the Japanese Joint Statistical Meeting since 2002)
offers a convenient place where leading statisticians come from all fields and get together
to exchange new and old ideas for solving statistical problems. In addition to the Annual
Meetings, the JSS has held an independent small scale annual research meeting in Marchsince 2006.
The JSS publishes the Journal of the Japan Statistical Society (JJSS) both in52

English and in Japanese, each biannually. Abstracts and full texts of papers on all issues
are available from the JSS website, except the latest one. The editors for the English JJSS
have been Sadanori KONISHI (1999-2000, Kyushu University), Genshiro KITAGAWA (20012002, Institute of Statistical Mathematics), Tatsuya KUBOKAWA (2003-2004, University ofTokyo), Katsuto TANAKA (2004-2006, Hitotsubashi University), Masanobu TANIGUCHI(2006-2010, Waseda University), Masato KOBAYASHI (2010-2013, Yokohama National
University), and Yoichi NISHIYAMA (2013-2015, Institute of Statistical Mathematics) while
the editors of the Japanese Journal have been Yoshihiko TSUKUDA (1999-2000, Tohoku
University), Yoshihiro YAJIMA (2001-2002, University of Tokyo), Satoru KANOH (20032004, Hitotsubashi University), Toshinari KAMAKURA (2004-2006, Chuo University),
Yasuhiro OMORI (2006-2008, University of Tokyo), Toshiaki WATANABE (2009-2010,
Hitotsubashi Institute of Economic Research), Makoto AOSHIMA (2010-2013, Universityof Tsukuba), and Hisashi TANIZAKI (2013-2015, Osaka University). The Society also
publishes newsletters quarterly. All academic correspondence on the JJSS should be sent
to the Editor, Professor Yoichi NISHIYAMA, ISM, via the e-mail address posted on the JSS
website.
All business correspondence on the membership of the JSS, the annual meeting,
the Journal, and others is handled by the administration office of the JSS, whose address
is: c/o Sinfonica, Nohgakushorin Building 5F, 3-6 Kanda-Jimbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
101-0051, Japan, phone/fax: +81-3-3234-7738, and e-mail: shom@jss.gr.jp. The JSS
website is located at: http://www.jss.gr.jp. Information on the current and past activitiesof the JSS can be obtained from there. The JSS is open to both individuals and institutions
that have statistical research interest in the world.
The regular members of the Society receive the printed form of the Program of theAnnual Meeting, JJSS and quarterly Newsletter. The Newsletter includes valuable
information on future academic meetings including conferences, academic job
opportunities, new academic theses (M.A. and Ph.D.), books and computer software
information, and a series of essays on statistics by influential and leading statisticians inJapan. Besides regular members, there are several categories of memberships including
Fellows, Senior Fellows, Students, Corporate members. For details of membership of theSociety, please see the JSS website.
Overseas non-members and libraries can purchase the Journal through The Japan
Publications Trading Co., Ltd., Tokyo international P.O. Box 5030, Tokyo 100-3191,
Japan, phone: +81-3-3292-3751 or 9337, and fax: +81-3-3292-0410.
3. Annual Meetings53

In an Annual Meeting (a Joint Statistical Meeting since 2002), many economicsrelated sessions, for instance, empirical economics, econometrics, official statistics,
finance, and marketing sciences, are programmed. Other major fields are medical science,
genomic science, psychology and educational science. The Abstracts in Japanese in theProceedings will give information on the titles of the papers and the affiliations of the
speakers for further inquiries. Unfortunately, most papers and reports presented in eachsession are not available in English.
A standard setup of an Annual Meeting is as follows: Day 1: tutorial seminars for
non-experts and invited talk sessions for general audience; Days 2-4: ordinary sessionsof individual presentations of recent research and special topic sessions organized bydesignated members. The tutorial seminars serve as a springboard to cutting-edge
statistical technologies for non-experts.
The 77th JSS Annual Meeting (the Japanese Joint Statistical Meeting 2009) Date: September 6-9, 2009
 Venue: Doshisha University (Imadegawa, Kyoto) Number of sessions: 62 (ordinary: 43; special topic: 16; competition: 3)







Tutorial seminar: Introduction to nonparametric regression (by Kunio T AKEZAWA,
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization); Econometric methods for
DSGE models and VAR models (by Toshiaki WATANABE, Hitotsubashi University,and Ippei FUJIWARA, Bank of Japan)
Invited talk session: The first national achievement exam (by Yoshiaki FUJII, National
Institute for Educational Policy Research, Toshihiro SHIGENAGA, Nishinooka JuniorHigh School, Takahiro TSUCHIYA, Institute of Statistical Mathematics, and Fumiko
YASUNO, NIEPR).
Number of economics-related sessions: 11 (e.g., official statistics, financial
econometrics, and economic statistics).
New JSS President Yasuto YOSHIZOE gave a presidential address entitled “Between
economics and statistics.”

The 78th Annual Meeting (the Japanese Joint Statistical Meeting 2010)
 Date: September 5-8, 2005.
 Venue: Waseda University (Nishiwaseda, Tokyo)
 Number of sessions: 67 (ordinary: 48; special topic: 19)
 Tutorial seminars: A unified approach to surveys (by: Takahiro TSUCHIYA, Instituteof Statistical Mathematics, and Takahiro HOSHINO, Nagoya University); The current
54





situation of Bayesian statistics (by Fumiyasu KOMAKI, University of Tokyo)
Invited talk session: 2010 election of the House of Councillors and the voters’
behavior (by Aiji TANAKA, Waseda University); Behavioral finance and financial
markets (by Takaaki YOSHINO, Daiwa Securities Co. Ltd.).
Number of economics-related sessions: 11 (e.g., Statistical finance, Econometrics,
and Official statistics)

The 79th Annual Meeting (the Japanese Joint Statistical Meeting 2011)
 Date: September 4-7, 2011
 Venue: Kyushu University (Iyo, Fukuoka)
 Number of sessions: 57 (ordinary: 38; special topic: 15; competition: 4)
 Tutorial seminars: Individualized medical treatments based on Genome information(by Kiyoya IMOTO, the University of Tokyo); Theory of spatio-temporal statistics andits application to economic analysis and brain signal data (by Yasumasa MATSUDA,
Tohoku University, Atsushi YOSHIDA, University of Tsukuba, and Fumikazu
MIWAKEICHI, Institute of Statistical Mathematics)
 Invited talk session: Reading The Tale of Genji by a computer (by Masakatsu

MURAKAMI); The goal of the new standard of study (by Atsushi NAGAO, National
Institute of Educational Policies)
Number of economics-related sessions: 8 (e.g., econometrics, statistical finance, andofficial statistics)
New JSS President Akimichi TAKEMURA gave a presidential address entitled“Pursuing statistical research that expands further.”

The 80th Annual Meeting (the Japanese Joint Statistical Meeting 2012) Date: September 9-12, 2012






Venue: Hokkaido University (Sapporo, Hokkaido)
Number of sessions: 70 (ordinary: 44; special topic: 21; competition: 5)
Tutorial seminars: Algebraic basis for Principal Component Analysis and its
extensions to non-metric three-layer-array Factor Analysis (by Kohei ADACHI, Osaka
University); Text mining (by Akio YASUDA, Fujitsu, Haruhiko KANDA, Nomura
Research Institute, and Masako YAGI, Math System).
Invited talk session: The Japan Statistical Society Certificate: its trend and an analysisof the 2011 exam (by Manabu IWASAKI, Seikei University, and Kiyotaka YOSHIDA,
Seikei University); How to use statistics for developing new medicines (by Takashi
OMORI, Doshisha University, and Tomoki ANDO, Pharmaceuticals and Medical
55




Devices Agency)
Number of economics-related sessions: 13 (e.g., economic surveys, monetary flow
statistics, and econometrics).
The JSS organized international sessions with the Korean Statistical Society and theChinese Statistical Association.

The 81st Annual Meeting (the Japanese Joint Statistical Meeting 2013)
 Date: September 8-11, 2013









Venue: Osaka University (Toyonaka, Osaka)
Number of sessions: 58 (ordinary: 37; special topic: 17; competition: 4)
Tutorial seminars: Advances of graphical modeling in statistics (by Naoyuki HARA,
Niigata University); Big data and statistical analysis (by Masahiro MIZUTA, Hokkaido
University, Hiromasa MINAMI, Hokkaido University)
Invited talk session: Viewing health-related statistics (by Yoshitaka MURAKAMI);
Career development in big data era: The goal of the Japanese Inter-University
Network for Statistical Education (by Yasuto YOSHIZOE, Aoyama Gakuin University).
Number of economics-related sessions: 10 (e.g., economic time series, marketing,and financial time series).
New JSS President Naoto KUNITOMO gave a presidential address entitled“Measurement errors and statistics.”

4. Future Meetings
The 82nd Annual Meeting (the Japanese Joint Statistical Meeting 2014) will be held
on September 13-16, 2014, at the University of Tokyo. The program is now posted at the
JFSSA webpage: http://www.jfssa.jp/taikai/2014/. To emphasize collaboration withstatistical societies in other countries, the JSS will continue the exchange program with
the Korean Statistical Society and likely expand such programs with other statisticalsocieties.
5. JSS Awards:
The following members received the JSS awards from 2008 to 2014:
 In 2008: Akimichi TAKEMURA (University of Tokyo).
 In 2009: Nakahiro YOSHIDA (University of Tokyo).
 In 2010: Yuki MIURA (the Japan Statistical Association), Yoshihiro YAJIMA(University of Tokyo), and Mitsuaki FUJII (Professor emeritus, Tokyo Institute ofTechnology).
56






In 2011: Mitsuru IDE (the Japan Statistical Association) and Takeshi HAYAKAWA (Fuji
University).
In 2012: Yutaka TANAKA (Professor emeritus, Okayama University) and Michiko
WATANABE (Keio University).
In 2013: Nobuhiko TERUI (Tohoku University) and Taku YAMAMOTO (Nihon
University).
In 2014: Shinto EGUCHI (Institute of Statistical Mathematics) and Koichi SUGIYAMA(Chuo University).

6. Japan Statistical Society Certificate
In 2011, the JSS launched the Japan Statistical Society Certificate, a standard exam
system for evaluating an examinee’s statistical abilities. It has two broad categories, theone for measuring academic knowledge and the other for assessing skills required forsurveys. The former has four levels: Level 1 provides comprehensive exams appropriate
for advanced undergraduate students; Level 2 offers exams of the basics of statistics
suitable for first-year and second-year university students; Level 3 focusses on descriptive
statistics and elementary probability theory studied by high school students; and Level 4
is designed for junior high school students who start to learn statistics at school.
The exams for survey skills comprise two kinds: the grade for survey designers
tests abilities for organizing surveys, such as selection of sampling schemes andestimation of the sample size; the grade for survey practitioners asks about fundamentals
necessary for surveys in practice, such as handling non-respondents and editing response
errors.
From 2011 to 2013, the JSS Certificate was held once a year in November. From
2014, it is scheduled to be held twice a year in June and November.
Since 2011, the JSS has provided international exams with the Royal StatisticalSociety. They are a translated version of the RSS exams mainly aiming at postgraduate
students.
7. Japanese Inter-University Statistical Education Network
The JSS has been an active stakeholder of the Japanese Inter-University Network
for Statistical Education since 2012. The JINSE has implemented “Quality Assurance inStatistical Education for Development of Human Resources with Data-Oriented Problem
Skills,” selected in 2012 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (MEXT) as a Program for Promoting Inter-University Collaborative
Education. The goal of the JINSE consists of setting up the standard of statistical57

education for undergraduate and graduate students, constructing curriculums to meet thestandard, performing the curriculums at the eight universities that take part in the JINSE,
setting up a suitable evaluation system, and checking its performance through the external
evaluation committee. The standard was set up in 2013. The construction of thecurriculums is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2014. Several on-line materials
have been provided so far and more are coming soon.
(Hiroshi SAIGO, Waseda University, and Hiroshi KOJIMA, Waseda University)

58

THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS
1. Introduction
The Japan Society of Transportation Economics (JSTE) was founded in 1941,
making it one of the oldest academic societies in Japan. The Society has 496 members,
including 6 lifetime honorary members and 30 corporate members (as of April 2013).
JSTE celebrated its seventieth anniversary in 2011, and published the Transportation
Encyclopedia to mark the anniversary.
JSTE has held an annual meeting every fall, except for 2001, the 60th anniversary.
An annual meeting usually consists of two sections. One is called Toitsu Rondai (“Special
Issue” referring to a Panel Session), which focuses on a issue at that time or related to thehost University and surrounding areas around it, while the other is called Jiyuu Rondai(“General Issue,” referring to Section Meetings). Various papers have been presented at
the meetings over the last five years; both Special and General Themes will be shown in
Chapter 3.
All speakers at annual meetings can submit papers to the Koutsugaku Kenkyu(Annual Report on Transportation Economics). JSTE has used the peer review system for
Koutsugaku Kenkyu since the late 1990s.
Two regional divisions, the Kanto Bukai (Eastern Division) and Kansai Bukai(Western Division) hold meetings separately. The Kanto Bukai holds meetings as neededin Tokyo and the Kansai Bukai holds monthly meetings in Osaka, except for in September,
October, February and March.

2. Research Trends in the Society after 1970
2.1 Increases in the numbers of Papers presented at annual meetings
The number of papers presented at annual meetings has doubled over the last 40
years. The average numbers of papers per year per decade in an annual meeting are as
follows: 1970-79: 10.1, 1980-89: 12.5, 1990-99: 13.9 and 2000 -10: 23.9.
The increase in number of published papers coincided with the dynamic changes
that occurred in the transportation policies in Japan. The deregulation of Japan’stransportation policy was more than 10 years behind that of Western Europe and North
America. The year the Ministry of Transportation (MOT) abolished its regulation on
capacity was 1996. Subsequently, deregulation proceeded slowly under the reorganized
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT). Deregulation has madetransportation a more exciting area for research and has attracted younger scholars to the59field.
To the extent that there are more young new JSTE members, the number ofsubmitted papers on evaluation of the deregulation policies using empirical approaches
has increased markedly. Furthermore, many new JSTE members are from fields ofmanagement and civil engineering. Additionally, the number of joint-author papers has
increased, now reaching 68% of all reports in the annual meeting in 2012.
2.2 Change of Focused Modes and Fields
The papers in Koutsugaku Kenkyu mostly focus on a specific transportation mode.
The number of papers on cross-mode has constantly decreased since the 1970s: thatmeans that transportation research has become more specialized in one particular modeor topic.
This trend probably relates to the fact that the number of empirical studies among
JSTE members has increased. Because data in transportation fields are collected andpublished according to each mode, it is difficult to adjust them for comparisons amongmodes.
Because of the rapid progress of aging in Japan, regional transport has become oneof the most significant problems for local governments. Regional train and bus operators
in rural areas have closed their lines and to maintain the mobility of society local
government should work out a policy under the severe financial situation. The number ofthe papers on regional transport has increased on that account.

3. Annual Meetings of the Last Five Years (2009-2013）
In this section, the papers released in annual meetings and approved in Koutsugaku
Kenkyu are introduced. We will show the invited papers of on each Special Issue first,
then the papers of on the Special Issue, and finally the papers on the General Issue,
grouped according to transportation modes and issue. The affiliations of authors are as at
the time of each meeting.
3.1 68th, 2009: Special Issue, Transport and Environment at Takushoku University(Tokyo)Special Issue Invited Papers
Hiroshi SHIMOMURA (JRI) “The Trend of Green Logistics in the Business Sector”,
Katsuhiro YAMAGUCHI (MLIT) “Transport Policy in Japan and Prevention of Global60Warming”, Hiroshi NISHIMURA (Osaka City Univ.) “Global Environmental Problems andLiberty of Traffic ─ ‘Responsibility to future generations.’ What’s that?”, Yoshitsugu
KANEMOTO (Univ. of Tokyo) “Global Warming and Transport Policy”
Special Issue Papers
Hiroaki INOGUCHI, Takamasa AKIYAMA, Masashi OKUSHIMA (Kansai Univ.)“Evaluation of Environmental Improvement Policy on Urban Networks Considering
Hybrid Vehicles”, Katsuhiro YAMAGUCHI (Univ. of Tokyo), Kiyoshi YAMASAKI “Economicand environmental impact analysis of the Chuo Maglev Super-express project”, Makoto
ASHIDA, Huachun SONG (Takushoku Univ.) “Best Practices in Logistics Management
Awards of Japan and the U.S.”.
General Issue Papers
Railway Transport
Fumio KUROSAKI (JREC) “An Analysis of Vertical Separation of Railways”,
Masahide DAIGO (Kansai Gaidai Univ.) “Airport Access Improvement Schemes in
London: Problems and Suggestions”
Regional Transport
Hiroyuki YAMADA (Kyoto Univ.) “The Development of Metropolitan
Transportation Policy and Planning Systems in the United States ─Focusing on Boston
Metropolitan Area ─ ”, Hideko TERADA (Hiroshima City Univ.) “Changing theInterrelationship of Port Management Authorities and City Planning Bureaus over Port
Area Land Uses”, Masafumi TAMURA (Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture), Toru TAMURA(Muroran Institute of Technology) “A Study of Space Structure in ‘Compact Cities’ withTransportation Sectors”, Akiko SAKANISHI (Nara Prefectural Univ.) “Employment
Suburbanization and Change in Metropolitan Commuting Behavior”
Road Transport
Satoru HASHIMOTO (Hitotsubashi Univ.), Shigeki OZAWA (ITE) “Characteristics
Comparison between Rail Freight Transportation and Trucking”, Yusuke SUZUKI (KobeUniv.) “An Analysis of Road User Cost and External Costs of Motor Vehicles”
Tourism, Air Transport
Shinji HAYAKAWA (ITPS), Takao GOTO (Kyushu Sangyo Univ.) “Impact of Access
Improvements on the Number of Visitors to Sightseeing Spots”, Nobuaki ENDO (Tokyo
61

Univ. of Marine Science and Technology) “The Internationalization of Airlines and its
Effect on Performance”, Jun MIZUTANI (Osaka Univ. of Commerce) “Airline Merger andMarket Structure Change in Japan: a Conduct-parameter and Theoretical-price Approach”
3.2 69th, 2010: Special Issue, The Functions and Roles of Transportation in Fostering
Tourism at Toyo University (Tokyo)
Special Issue Invited Papers
Hiroshi MUTO (JTA) “Measures for Promoting a Tourism Nation”, Jun KOYANAGI(Odakyu Electric Railway) “Transporter and Tourism ─ Focusing on The Railway
Company ─ ”, Shunshi MATSUZONO (Toyo Univ.) “Interrelation of Travel Industry andTransport Industry ─ Paradigm Shift on which the Travel Industry is Urged ─”Special Issue Papers
Masashige FURUTANI, Akira KANEKO (Toyo Univ.) “A study of the Relations between
MICE and Traffic Accessibility for Regional Development through Cluster Plans”,
Hirokazu KATO (Yonago National College of Technology)” The Present Situation of theActual Use of Short-distance Intercity Expressway Buses and the Challenges of their
Sustainable Maintenance and Development”, Motoko NOSE, Katsutoshi OHTA, Masamichi
HORI, Hideki FURUTA (Toyo Univ.) “A Study of Transport Passes from the Tourism
Promotion Viewpoint ─ Focusing on the Pass Convenience for International Tourists”,
Naohiko HIBINO, Shigeru MORICHI (GRIPS), Takako SHIMADA (CITE) “A Study on Travel
Behavior of Chinese Tourists to Japan by Region ─ Basic Analysis for Inbound Policy─”, Hiroyoshi KOZU (Aichi Univ.) “The Economic Effects by the Merger of a Tourist City
based on Agglomeration and Transportation”
General Issue Papers
Railway and Bus Transport
Kazushige TERADA (Tokyo Univ. of Marine Science and Technology) “A Study on
Municipal Behavioral Change in Interregional Local Transport Policy-Making: Does
Switching from the Ear-marked Revenue Sources to the General Revenue Sources
Matter?”, Noriyoshi NAKAYAMA (Nagoya City Univ.) “Effects of Subsidies on Efficiency:
A Case Study of Publicly-Owned Subways”, Hiromi KAMATA (Bunri Univ. of Hospitality),
Hirotaka YAMAUCHI (Hitotsubashi Univ.) “An Analysis of the Diversification Strategies ofRailway Companies in Japan”, Kazuya ITAYA (ITE) “Classification of Abolished Railroad
Cases ─ Mainly about Related Actors”, Toru WATANABE (Waseda Univ.) “The Federal
Financial Aid System for Local Transport in Germany after the Federalism Reform: With62

a Main Focus on the Shift from the Municipal Transport Financing Law to the
Disentanglement Law”, Daisuke KOBAYASHI (Chuo Univ.) “Cooperation among
Organizations of Local Transportation in Germany”
Hiroaki NISHIUCHI, Taro ARATANI, Tomoyuki TODOROKI (Nihon Univ.) “A Study on
Availability of Cruising Vehicles as a Public Transportation Mode ─An Effectiveness
Analysis focusing on a Post Car Era─”, Hiroaki SAKAI, Yusuke SUZUKI (Kobe Univ.) “ThePurpose of Hiving-off Strategy in the Private Bus Industry: Analysis of the Relationshipbetween Parent and Subsidiary Company”
Air Transport
Ryo WATANABE (ITE) “A Study of Fares for Domestic Flights in Japan”, Se-il MUN,
Yusuke TERAJI (Kyoto Univ.) “The Allocation of Services among Multiple Airports in a
Metropolitan Area: a Case Study of Osaka”, Hitoshi OGUMA (ITE) “Vertical Integration
between Airlines and Airports and the Subject of Competition Policy in the European
Union”, Masahide DAIGO (Kansai Gaidai Univ.) “A View for Berlin Airports Integrated
into the New Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport”
Transportation Theory
Sotaro YUKAWA (Shiga Prefectural Univ.) “Prehension and Classification of Urban
Transportation in Japanese Regional Cities”, Shigeki OZAWA (ITE) “A Study on Slot
Allocation regarding Rail Freight Transport”, Akihiro NAKAMURA (Tezukayama Univ.)“Which Transportation Services are Sustained as National Minimum Services?”
Road Transport
Yuki IKEDA, Kei FURUYAMA (Tottori Univ.) “Decentralized Provision of Interregional
Transport Infrastructure and Its Effects on Industrial Location”, Shuichi MATSUMOTO (KeioUniv.), Akihiro NAKAMURA (Tezukayama Univ.) “Economic Analysis on the Influence of
Eco Driving”, Takamasa AKIYAMA, Hiroaki INOKUCHI (Kansai Univ.), Masashi OKUSHIMA(Tokushima Univ.) “Application of a Zonal Distance-based Toll System to Urban
Expressways”, Shinichi MUTO (Yamanashi Univ.), Shin KIRIKOSHI (Snow Research Center)“Generalized Spatial Computable General Equilibrium Model by Using Barro’s CES
Function ─Focusing on Transport Modeling─” Yuichiro KANEKO (Nihon Univ.) “Risk
Analysis of PFI Road Projects using Post-project Evaluation Data”, Yuki MISUI (Takasaki
City Univ. of Economics), Toshinori NEMOTO (Hitotsubashi Univ.) “Road Planning
Through Long-run Marginal Social Cost Pricing”, Hitoshi IEDA, Takahiro IGO (Univ. ofTokyo) “International Comparison of the Development Level of Expressway Networks
63with Consideration of Geo-economic Differences”
3.3 70th, 2011: Special Issue, Transport Policy in a Sustainable Society at Kobe
University
International Symposium for 70th Anniversary
Kenneth BUTTON (George Mason Univ.) “The Past, Present, and Future of US
Transportation Policy: A Public Choice Theory Perspective”, Chris NASH (Univ. of Leeds)“European Union Transport Policy and Sustainability ─ the role of rail”, Hirotaka
YAMAUCHI (Hitotsubashi Univ.) “Transport Policy in a Sustainable Society”
General Issue
Transport Infrastructure
Hitoshi IEDA, Yasuto KONDO (Univ. of Tokyo) “Comparison of Expressway
Development Level in Network Density and in Resource Input: An International andRegion-wise Relative Evaluation”, Yuki MATSUNO (Toyo Univ.) “Great Natural Disasters
and Risk Financing for Railway Facilities”
Road Transport
Masaji OGAWA (Hagoromo Univ. of International Studies) “Factorial Analysis on
Car Usage using JGSS data：Urban Structure’s Depressive Effects from Each Purpose of
Car Usage”, Kazuhiro OHTA (Senshu Univ.), Hironori KATO (Univ. of Tokyo), Katsumi
TANABE (Keio Univ.) “Welfare Implications of the Price Cap Regulation Combined with
the Total Revenue Constraint: the Mechanism and Functions of the Kato-Tanabe-Ohta
Model”
Urban Transport, Tourism
Yuki MITSUI (Takasaki City Univ. of Economics), Hiromi KAMATA (Bunri Univ. of
Hospitality), Hirotaka YAMAUCHI (Hitotsubashi Univ.) “Trading Areas of Tourist
Destinations ─A Case of Onsen”, Takao GOTO (Kinki Univ.) “A Demand Analysis ofRegulated Taxicab Markets”, Hironori KATO (Univ. of Tokyo), Kazusei KATO (Nihon
Univ.) “Reviews of Guidelines on Value of Travel Time for Road Users in US and UK
and Their Implications to Japan”, Toshio MATSUZAWA (Osaka City Univ.) “Providing
Affordable Public Transport Service in the Central City”
Railway Transport
64

Shinya HANAOKA (Tokyo Institute of Technology) “Mode Choice and Passenger
Characteristics of High Speed Rail and Air Transport in China” Daisuke FUJII (ToyoUniv.) “A Consideration about Measures for the Parallel Line due to the Projected
Shinkansen”, Yuichi TAKAHASHI (JR Kyushu) “A Study on Initiatives to Vitalize Local
Lines”, Shumpei HARADA (Hitotsubashi Univ.) “An Analysis of Urban Railways Cost
Structure in Japan”, Masahide DAIGO (Kansai Gaidai Univ.) “The Effect that
Reorganisation of the Railway Business Has on Safety: In the Case of the European
Market”, Masaki SAITO (Japan Aircraft Development Corporation) “Low Cost Carrier
Entry on the Long-haul Markets in the U.S. Domestic Market” Sunsook KIM (Doshisha
Univ.), “Cost Structure of Full-Service Network Airlines in Asia-Pacific Region”, Hideki
FUKUI (Ehime Univ.) “An Empirical Analysis of Slot Trading in the UK”, Shinichi SAITO(Simane Prefectural Univ.) “A Study of Airport Managements in the UK: from Investors’
Perspective”
Regional Transport
Takamasa AKIYAMA, Hiroaki INOKUCHI (Kansai Univ.), Masashi OKUSHIMA(Tokushima Univ.) “Empirical Analysis of Sustainable Public Transport Planning for a
Rural City”, Hisahi OOI (Oita Univ.) “Quantitative Analysis of Optimal Operators’ Size
for Managing Omnibus Industries in Japan”, Akiyoshi MATSUZAKI (Aoyama Gakuin
Univ.) “Demand Transportation in an Area with Inconvenient Transportation: a Case of
Koga City, Ibaraki Prefecture”
3.4 71st, 2012: Special Issue, Revisiting the issue of public or private in transport
infrastructure at Nihon University (Tokyo)
Special Issue Invited Papers
Yoshitaka KUROSAWA (Nihon Univ.) “Coordination between Public and Private
Sector in Infrastructure Financing”, Katsumi TANABE (Keio Univ.) “Private Participationin the National Government Administration Airports”, Ryoichi NISHIKAWA (ENEC) “Trendof Highway PPPs in Western Countries and its Implications to Japan”, Ryu K ATAYAMA(PricewaterhouseCoopers Japan) “Trend of PFI/PPP Market in Japan and a Consideration
toward Introducing PPP Schemes into Transportation Infrastructure”
Special Issue Papers
Yosuke TACHIBANA, Masafumi TAMURA (Hachinohe Univ.) “The Applications of
Mechanism Design Theories for Transport Policies”, Fumio KUSUSAKI, Takuya KAWATA
65

(ITE) “An Analysis of PPP Railway Operation for Unprofitable JR Lines: From the Caseof the Takayama Line”, Shigeki OZAWA (Daido Univ.), Toshinori NEMOTO (Hitotsubashi
Univ.) “Track Access Charge Roles in Railway Vertical Separation in the European
Union”, Hideko TERADA (Hiroshima City Univ.), Kazushige TERADA (Tokyo Univ. of
Marine Science and Technology) “Port Privatization and Governance in Port
Management: Some Evidence from the Kitakyushu Port and the
TokuyamaKudamatsu Port”.
General Issue
Railway Transport
Kunihiro KISHI (Hokkaido Univ.) “Need Analysis of Level of Intercity Public
Transportation Services along the Hokkaido Shinkansen Line”, Masahide DAIGO (Kansai
Gaidai Univ.) “The Background of Redesign of the Franchise System in British Railways”.
Bus Transport
Kiyohito UTSUNOMIYA (Kansai Univ.) “An Analysis of Demand for Local Bus in
Japan”, Yoshizumi ARAI (Gunma Pref.) “A Study on Creation of Sustainable Local Public
Transportation in a City with Declining Population: A Case of ‘Orihime Bus’ in Kiryu
City, Gunma”, Kaichi ICHIKAWA (Nikkei Inc.) “An Analysis of the Introduction, Operationand Usage of Municipal Community Buses and Community Taxis as Local Public
Transportation in Japan ─Focusing on Cost-effective Sustainable Local Transportation─”Road Transport
Masaki KIMURA, Nobuo AKAI (Osaka Univ.), Takashi KURAMOTO (Konan Univ.)“The effect of privatization of the Japan Highway Public Corporation: Using Data
Envelope Analysis”, Koichi FUJISAKI (former ITPS) “An Empirical Analysis of Effect ofGasoline Prices on Travel Behavior: Examination by means of Building Error Correction
Models”, Yusuke SUZUKI (Kyushu Sangyo Univ.) “External Cost of Trucks in the Cities
of Japan”
Air Transport and Maritime Transport
Dimitar M. DIMITROV (Hitotsubashi Univ.) “Government Role in the Aviation
Industry ─ A case study of the Arabian Gulf countries ─ ”, Takashi KURAMOTO (Konan
Univ.), Nobuo AKAI (Osaka Univ.) “Factor Analysis for the Efficiency of Japanese Portsfrom the Viewpoint of the Financial Factor”

66Regional Transport
Mariko HIJIKATA (ITE) “Philosophy and Practice in German Regional Public
Transport Policy”, Yoshinori TAKAHASHI (Kinki Univ.), Chikako KEUMI (Osaka Seikei
College) “Travel Behavior of ‘Active Senior’ Citizens in Japanese Metropolitan Areas:
Interview Evidence Obtained in Takatsuki City, Osaka”
3.5 72nd, 2013: Special Issue, Issues and Prospects of Logistics Policies at Ryutsu Keizai
University (Chiba)
Special Issue Invited Papers
Jiro NAKAMURA (Nippon Express Co., Ltd.) “Significance of Seamless Logistics
Connectivity ─ Necessity to Promote Public-private Partnerships ─ ”, Seiichi KUBOTA(JILS) “Logistics Concept 2020”, Akihiko KANAI (MLITT) “Issues and Prospects of
Logistics Policy”, Hirohito KUSE (Tokyo Univ. of Marine Science and Technology)“Logistics Policy for Disaster Prevention ─Supply Chain Management of Survival Foods
and Goods─”, Toshinori NEMOTO (Hitotsubashi Univ.) “Asian Common Transport Policy
under a Globalized Supply Chain”
Special Issue Paper
Taro ARATANI (ITPS) “Possibility of Modal Shift from Truck Transportation to
Ferry-boat and RORO-Ship”
General Issue Papers
Regional Transport
Ryo WATANABE, Daisuke FUJII (ITE) “A Study on the Transportation Policy for
Vertical Separation and School Pass Aid of the Rural Railways in Japan”, Mamoru
MATSUMOTO (Univ. of Kitakyushu), Takao GOTO (Kinki Univ.) “An Analysis of Soft
Budget for Japanese Mixed Enterprises in the Transportation Sector”, Kiyohito
UTSUNOMIYA (Kansai Univ.) “Demand for Local Public Transportation in Germany: An
Analysis on Price Elasticity”, Akeyoshi MATSUZAKI (Aoyama Gakuin Univ.) “TheMeasurement of Returns to Scope between the Subway and Bus Divisions in Municipal
Transportation Bureaus: A Case of Eight Bureaus in Urban Areas of Japan”, Yuki
MATSUNO (ITE) “Analysis of the Supply-Side Effect of Taxi Deregulation”
Road Transport
Katsumi TANABE (Keio Univ.) “Car taxes structure in Japan: Simultaneous
Estimation of Gasoline Demand, Fuel Consumption and Car Ownership”, Shinichi MUTO
67

(Yamanashi Univ.) “Interregional Input-output Table Considering Private Transport”,
Takamasa AKIYAMA, Hiroki INOKUCHI (Kansai Univ.), Masashi OKUSHIMA (Tokushima
Univ.) “Distance-Based Toll Determination of Urban Expressways for Traffic Demand
Adjustment”
Mami FURUHATA (ICAO) “The Jurisdiction Over Unruly Passengers On Board
Aircraft”, Tomoyuki TODOROKI (Nihon Univ.), Hiroaki NISHIUCHI (Nagaoka Univ. ofTechnology) “A Prediction of Transport Mode Choice Behavior by Introducing Seaplanes
─A Case Study of Travelers’ Behavior Between Tokyo Metropolitan Area and Miyako
City─”
Tourism and Transport
Hitoshi OGUMA (Kanazawa Univ.) “The Change of Relationship Between Tour
Operators and Airline in Europe: Some Implications for Competitive Policy”, Takeshi
KURIHARA, Taro ARATANI (ITPS) Naohisa OKAMOTO (Tsukuba Univ.) “A Comparison ofJapanese and Foreign Visitors’ Travel Spending by Destination Area”, Hideki FURUYA(Toyo Univ.) “Estimation of Relative Tourism Attraction Indexes by Two Data Fusion”
4. Conclusion
We have experienced drastic change in transport policy since the 1990s. The timeof deregulation in transport for over 20 years brought changes in industry and businessmodel of transport operators. In the General Issues in Koutsugaku Kenkyu, there are many
papers on regional transport problems, especially about moribund public transport service
in rural areas.
The Special Issues from 2009 to 2013 were as follows, “Transport and Environment”(2009), “The Functions and Roles of Transportation in Fostering Tourism” (2010),“Transport Policy in a Sustainable Society” (2011), “Revisiting the Issue of Public or
Private in Transport Infrastructure” (2012), “Issues and Prospects of Logistics Policies(2013). We found that members of JSTE confront the same problems as Japanese society
in general now.
(Mami AOKI, Doshisha University)

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