Member Country Report 2021
Germany

The HPT TCP is part of a network of autonomous collaborative partnerships focused on a wide range of energy technologies known as Technology Collaboration
Programmes or TCPs. The TCPs are organised under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA), but the TCPs are functionally and legally autonomous.
Views, findings and publications of the HPT TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or its individual member countries.

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AgendaGeneral

Source: Facts•• Market• Policy• R&D• Summary

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Generaland the 16 Länder (states) each have areas ofresponsibility of their own.

• 357,340 km²• 83.1 mio. Inhabitants• 41.506 mio households

42.3 % 1-person 33.2 % 2-persons 11.9 % 3-persons 9.1 % 4-persons 3.5 % 5+ persons
Almost 50 % of people live in rented accommodation, this is the highest level on a EU comparison

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Source: Facts• Germany is a federation. The federation

10 neighbouring countries

GermanySource: Facts

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General• Germany enjoys a moderate climate. In July, the mean temperature is 16.9 °C,
and in January -0.5 °C. The most recent winters in Germany were particularly
mild, and the summers particularly hot. With a mean temperature of 10.5 °C,
2018 was the warmest year since records began.
• Germany is the most populous country in the EU and one of the most denselypopulated; around 77 % of its inhabitants live in densely and highly populatedareas. Around 30 % of the population resides in big cities with more than
100,000 inhabitants, of which there are 80 in Germany, four with more than
one million inhabitants, Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne.
Source: Facts
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GeneralHeating energy for a cosy home
The 10-year overview
shows that there is aclear trend towards
renewables, with heatpumps and district
heating each gaining
10 % and natural
gas/biomethane losing
roughly 15 % over thelast decade.
Source: BDH

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Source: BMWiMCR Germany 7.9.21

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AgendaSource: bwp• General•

Market• Policy• R&D• Summary

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Sales of heat pumps

Air-Water

Ground-coupled

Source: bwp
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Sales of domestic hot water heat pumps

Source: bwp
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House-building permission# authorized new buildings
gas
misc.
heat pumps

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Source: bwp

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Total Sales of heat pumps
Domestic hot water
Ground water
Ground coupledAirSource: bwp

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Heatingsystems

Source: BDH

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bioHPs
oilgas

Source: bwp

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Total amount of central heat generators 2020

Source: BDH

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Efficiency structure of installed heating systems 2020
Only 21 % of the21.2 million heatgenerators areefficient and use
renewable energy

Source: BDH

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Industrial heatSource: BDH

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Comparison for heat pumps in selected European countries

Source: bwp

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Roadmap Dekarbonisierung

AgendaStrategies• General• Market•

Policy• R&D• Summary

Leitpapier
Climate change act
BundesförderungGreen Deal
Impulse paper
Förderprogramm
Climate protection act
Energiepreisreform

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Policy• Climate Change Act 2020 2021 (amendment)• Film: The German government’s Climate Action Programme Link
• Germany is to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 65 % of the1990 levels by 2030.
• Since the start of 2020, a government scheme has rewarded
property owners replacing older oil-fired central heating.
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Grants for "Heating with Renewable Energy"
Heating system

Building Stock

New Build

Subsidy
rate

Subsidy rate/bonus
Replacement oil heating

Subsidyrate

1. Biomass- or Heat pump system

35%

45%

35%

2. Solar collector system

30%-30%3. Renewable energy hybrid heating(combination of 1. + 2.)

35%

45%

35%

4. Gas hybrid heating, (combinationgas-condensing boiler with 1. or 2.)

30%

40%

5. Gas hybrid heating (combination gascondensing boiler with subsequent
addition
MCR Germany
7.9.21of 1. or 2. within 2 years)

20%-

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PolicyBusiness associations:
BDH, BDEW, BWP, BVF, B.KWK, Geothermie, FGK, BTGA, VDMA,ZVEI, ZVSHK ...
Technical societies:
DKV, FKT, IZW, VDI, VDE ...

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This paper is not intended
to be complete or definitive.

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BDH Federation of German Heating Industry

The German heating industry occupies
a world-leading technological position
Source: BDH

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BDH Heat Generators

Source: BDH

Gas condensing technology: Modern gas condensing boilers are highly efficient and can make a decisive contribution
to reducing your private energy consumption. Read more
Oil condensing technology: Modern oil fired condensing boilers make heating more environmentally friendly andefficient. Read more
Heat pumps: With a heat pump you can use the environmental heat that is present in the soil, in the ground-water andin the air for heating or cooling. Read more
Hybrid Heat Pumps: Hybrid HPs are suitable for use in new buildings as well as in existing buildings. Read more
Solar thermal energy: With a solar thermal system, sunlight is converted into heat. This can be used for heating and
DHW heating. Read more
Heat from wood: Wood is a renewable resource that absorbs about as much CO2 as it releases when burning. Read more
Cogeneration of heat and power (CHP): Heating which generates electricity, also known as decentralised CHP(cogeneration of heat and power), on the other hand, generates both electricity and heat at the same time. Read more
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Agenda• GeneralSource: Facts• Market• Policy•

R&D• Summary

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Research• The German government is aiming for a climate-neutral building stock by2045. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to reduce the heat
demand on the one hand and to achieve a climate-neutral heat supply onthe other.
• The German government is therefore funding projects in the areas ofresearch, development and demonstration as a part e.g. of the 7th Energy
Research Program. (Link) Report 2020 Report 2019 Report 2018
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Research• Since 2010, research projects in the fields of heat pump and refrigeration
technology have been funded with more than 71 million €.
• In the past few years, development has focused mainly on HPs for buildings(single-family houses, multi-family houses, non-residential buildings) and themain areas of development are refrigerants, components, integration anddemonstration. There are also some projects addressing HPs for industry.
• Currently, another main topic is the generation of cold at temperatures
below 0 °C by water-based absorption and adsorption processes. Source: BMWiMCR Germany 7.9.21

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Research• In addition, a major project on the topic of heat pumps in district heatingnetworks "Reallabor GWP" has been started as of 01.04.2021.
The Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy is funding this projectwith 21 million €.
Link 1 Link2 (only in German)

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R&D• A large number of universities, research institutes and industrial companies are working
on heat pump technologies in Germany.
• In particular, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, the Technical
University of Dresden and the E.ON Energy Research Center at RWTH Aachen University
on the research side and Vaillant, Viessmann, Stiebel Eltron and Bosch-Thermotechnikon the industry side are to be mentioned.
• New Institutes for large energy systems:
German Aerospace Center’s (DLR) Institute of Low-Carbon Industrial Processes
Fraunhofer Research Institution for Energy Infrastructures and Geothermal Systems (IEG)
This paper is not intended
to be complete or definitive.
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Summary• Heat pumps as heating systems are dominant in new build.
• There is further a great potential in the building stock.
• A government scheme rewards property owners replacing older oil-fired
central heating.
• Air to water heat pumps have ~80 % market share.
• Great potential also in commercial + industrial applications• High electricity prices in comparison to gas and oil are a strong barrier for HPs.

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Sources• Facts about Germany

https://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/en• BDH

https://www.bdh-industrie.de/en/• bwp

https://www.waermepumpe.de/• Bafahttps://www.bafa.de/EN/Energy/energy.html• Federal Government

https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/issues/climate-action• BMWi7th Energy Research Programme• BMWihttps://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/EN/Dossier/energy-transition.html

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