IEA Technology Collaboration Programme on
Heat Pumping Technologies (HPT TCP)

Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment of Heat Pumping Technologies

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

National report France 2023
François Durier
Alternate delegate

With inputs from:Paul Kaaijk (ADEME) - Delegate
Odile Cauret (EDF)
Arnaud Kautzmann (AFPAC/EDF)
Valérie Laplagne (AFPAC/Uniclima)

The HPT TCP is part of a network of autonomous collaborative partnerships focused on a wide range of energy technologies known as Technology Collaboration
Programmes or TCPs. The TCPs are organised under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA), but the TCPs are functionally and legally autonomous.
Views, findings and publications of the HPT TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or its individual member countries.

12 December 2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

France• 550 000 km2• 68 million inhabitants• 38 million housing units
including 31 million primary
homes

Source: Council of Europe

Source: Wikipedia• Mild climate• 3 main climate zones in cold season (Energy performance of buildings regulation)• H1 : lowest temperature• H2 : medium temperature• H3 : highest temperature

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org
Source: www.développement-durable.gouv.fr

Final energy
Coal

Residential

District heating/coolingOil
On site renewables and waste
Natural gas
Electricity
Industry

Nonresidential

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Source: www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr

CO2 emissions
Photovoltaics
WindHydropower

Thermal power
Nuclear
Source: www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr

4,2 t CO2 /inhabitant due to combustion of fossil fuels

Low CO2 electricity
National production: 44 g CO2/kWhUse (with imported electricity): 56 g CO2/kWh

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Heat production from renewables
Renewable primary heat from heat pumps (TWh)adjusted for climatic variations
60184 TWh(2022)

52

50

44WoodHeat pumps

TWh/year4030

40Target 2023
(decided 2020)

20
100

Source: www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Target range 2028
(decided 2020)

Heat pump market and stock 2022•
•
•
•
•
•

Air-to-water:
Air-to-air:Heat pump water heaters:
Geothermal:
Hybrid (heat pump+gas boiler):

346 000 units
773 000 units (460 000 in one-family houses)
163 000 units
2 900 units
Largest4 000 units
market inEurope
Stock of heat pumps estimated to 7.2 million units,including 1 million heat pump water heaters
Stock of residential buildings with electric radiators/convectors: 6 million one-family houses + 4 million multifamily buildings
Stock of gas and oil boilers: 9 million units in one-family houses + 3.6 million in multi-family buildings
Stock of electric storage water heaters (electric resistance): estimated to 15 million units
Sources: AFPAC, UNICLIMA, PAC&CLIM’INFO, GIFAM

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Heat pump market 2023 (January-August)Air-to-air
Air-to-water
Heat pumpwaterheaters

Sources: UNICLIMA, PAC&CLIM’INFO, GIFAM

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Policy trends/issues• Decarbonization– Heat from renewables : 183 TWh in 2021 → 330-419 TWh by 2035 (tbc)– Heat from heat pumps : 43 TWh in 2021 → 107-120 TWh by 2035 (tbc)

••
•
•
•

Energy sobriety
Refrigerants
Ecodesign / Circular economy
Transition to digital
National sovereignty and resilience– Triple the French production capacities to reach 1 million heat pumps produced in 2027

• Training of professionnals–Installation, maintenance, distribution, manufacturingwww.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

French heat pump sector 2022
• Turnover: 6.4 billion €• 46 000 jobs (manufacturing, distribution, installation, maintenance)• 31 manufacturing sites (167 in the EU)• According to AFPAC (Association Française pour les Pompes à Chaleur - www.afpac.org):– Technologies exist for heat pumps in one-family houses– A large majority of buildings with central heating systems (multi-family or non-residential)
are compatible with the installation of heat pumps– For multi-family buildings with individual heating systems, the use of heat pumps remains
limited, and developments and innovations are still required– The sector will need +41 000 jobs in 2030 (mainly for installation and maintenance)
Source: AFPAC
www.afpac.org/file/238654/
www.afpac.org/file/238362/

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Manufacturing

Source: ouest-France.fr

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Quality• Certification of products•

Certification of installers– 16 376 companies for HP– 1 995 companies for HP water heaters• Training of installers and maintenance staff (QualiPAC)– 4400 trainees in 2022
– 101 approved trainers– 78 training centres, including 28 managed by manufacturing or distribution companies
Source: AFPAC
www.afpac.org/file/238654/

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Incentives• Subsidies– MaPrimeRénov’– Coup de Pouce (linked to the Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme)– Fonds Chaleur (geothermal heat pumps)• Loans– EcoPTZ (zero interest loans)• Reduced VAT– for existing buildings

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

R&D• Organisations involved in IEA HPT projects:– CEA– CETIAT– CETIM– EDF

www.cea.fr
www.cetiat.fr
www.cetim.fr
www.edf.fr

Project 57
Projects 54, 62, 63
Project 63 (tbc)
Projects 56, 58, 62, 64• Some others R&D players– BRGM, COSTIC, CSTB, Engie, GRDF, Mines Paris, Pôle Cristal– Universities– Manufacturers• Research projects may be granted by ADEME
www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Some current R&D topics (non exhaustive list)••••••••••••

Refrigerants
Increasing heat pump performance
Smart controls
Coupling of heat pumps with boilers and photovoltaics
Coupling of heat pumps with energy storage
Improving the way heat pumps are taken into account in the Energy performance of buildings
calculation method
High temperature heat pumps
Integration of heat pumps in industry
Improvement of geothermal collectors
Heat pumps for multi-family buildings
Reduction of noise
Alternatives to « classical » vapour compression cycle
www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Some recent technical publications

Heat pumps in nonresidential buildings(2023)Heat pumps in multifamily buildings (2023)

Hybrid heat pumps (2022)

Geothermal energy (2023)

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Thank you for your attention!

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org