The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, or stored in a databaseor retrieval system, or transmitted or distributed in any form by any means,electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the priorpermission of Cross Products Limited.
Cross Products Limited shall not be liable for errors contained herein or forincidental or consequential damages, including, but not limited to lost profits, inconnection with the performance or use of this material whether based on
warranty, contract, or other legal theory.
This equipment is Class A Information Technology Equipment (ITE) as definedin EN55022:1994.
Warning
This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio
interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Mirage Manual
Third Release, 22 April 1996 (English)
Revised, 18 March 1996
Revised, 21 February 1996
Revised, 22 January 1996
Revised, 22 December 1995
Revised, 24 November 1995
Second Release, 26 October 1995
Revised, 10 October 1995
Revised, 29 September 1995
First Release, 28 July 1995
Beta Phase 2 Release, 21 July 1995
Beta Phase 1 Release, July 1995
© 1995, 1996 Cross Products Limited. All rights reserved.
Cross Products, the Cross Products logo and SNASM are registered trademarks of
Cross Products Limited. Panzer Dragoon is copyright SEGA 1995. Xilinx is a
registered trademark of Xilinx Inc. All other trademarks and registeredtrademarks acknowledged.

Feedback
Cross Products’ Technical Publications department welcomes
your feedback about this manual and the Mirage CD Emulator.
Please fill in the following and return it via fax or mail to theaddress listed on the back cover of this manual for the attention ofTechnical Publications.

Name:
Address:________________________________________________________________________________________Post/Zip Code: __________
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Comments/Omissions/Corrections
The Mirage Hardware and The Mirage Software (MIRAGE.EXE)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This Manual

180396___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TEAR OUT AND FAX THIS FORM TO:+44 (0) 113 242 6163

Manual Conventions
The following conventions are used throughout this manual:
italicsshows a user defined entry

bold courier used to denote examples
san serifshows a button on the Mirage’s front panel

MAIN MENU->EMULATION MENU
Entries on the Mirage’s menus are shown
separated by ->.

CONTENTS

This page left intentionally blank.

1

About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1
1.2
1.3

Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
About The Mirage CD Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
What Is Included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.1
Demonstration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4 What Is Not Included. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.1
Saturn Key Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2

Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Inserting The Mirage’s HD Tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Configuring A PC SCSI Adapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Checking The Available SCSI Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Connecting The Mirage And PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
The Mirage And Windows 95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Connecting The Mirage And Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.6.1
Connecting The Mirage And Saturn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.7 Testing The PC/Mirage Hardware Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1
3.2
3.3

Checking The Available SCSI Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Connecting The Mirage and SG Indy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Installing Drivers And Build Tool For Mirage . . . . . . . . . 21
3.3.1
Installing From A tar File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.3.2
Installing The Indy Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Installed Files And Their Locations . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3.3
The CPD Mount Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Configuring CPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CPD’s Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Limitations Of CPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4 Connecting The Mirage And Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4.1
Connecting The Mirage And Saturn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.5 Testing The Indy/Mirage Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4CD Writer Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1
4.2

Connecting A CD Writer To The Mirage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Testing The CD Writer Set up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Contents

5

Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.1

Emulation Using A Saturn Target. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.1.1
Building The Final Image With A Saturn Target . . . 37
5.2 CD-R Discs Direct From The Mirage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.3 Log Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6

Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
6.1

A Typical Session With A Saturn Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6.1.1
Preparing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6.1.2
The Script File (.SCR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.1.3
Creating The .RTI File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.1.4
Before Emulation Can Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Using A Saturn Programming Box . . . . . . . . . . 41
Using A Modified Production Saturn . . . . . . . . 42
6.1.5
Starting The Emulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.1.6
Stopping The Emulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.2 Writing A CD-R Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6.2.1
Writing A CD-R Disc From An .RTI File . . . . . . . . 45
6.2.2
Writing A CD-R Disc From A Disc Image . . . . . . . 45
Testing A CD Image (.DSK) File . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.3 Testing Error Recovery Routines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.4 Log Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

7

Writing A CD-R Disc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
7.1
7.2
7.3

8

Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
8.1

c-ii

Creating An .RTI File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Testing The .RTI File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Writing A CD-R Disc From An .RTI File . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
7.3.1
Halting A CD-R Disc Write Or Test Write . . . . . . . 52
The Front Panel Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
8.1.1
DOOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
8.1.2
UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
8.1.3
DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
8.1.4
DOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
8.1.5
NUDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
8.1.6
SELECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
8.1.7
STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Contents

8.1.8
9The Menuing System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8

10

CANCEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

The Emulation Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
The SCSI Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
The Config Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
The CD Config Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
The Info Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
The CD-R Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
How Directories Are Displayed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Mirage’s Legal File Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Hardware Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

10.1 The Mirage’s Two SCSI Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
10.1.1 The External SCSI Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
10.1.2 The Expansion SCSI Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10.1.3 The Mirage’s LEDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
11

Changing Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
11.1 Changing The Mirage’s Firmware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
11.2 Removing The Personality Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
11.3 Inserting The New Personality Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

12

Upgrading The Flash Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
12.1 The Cross Products BBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
12.2 How To Re-Write The Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

13

The Mirage Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
13.1 Command-line Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
13.2 Command-line Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
13.2.1 EMULATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
13.2.2 STOP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
13.2.3 NUDGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
13.2.4 OPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
13.2.5 CLOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
13.2.6 INFO [>filename] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
13.2.7 LOG [>filename] [>>filename] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
13.2.8 MONITOR[=filename] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

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Contents

13.2.914

Built-In Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

CPBUILD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
14.1 About CPBUILD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
14.1.1 Produce An .RTI file From A .SCR File . . . . . . . . . 93
14.1.2 Build A Complete Disc Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
14.2 Command Line Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
14.2.1 Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
14.3 CPBUILD Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
14.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

15

The Scripting Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
15.1 Command Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
d-type Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
a-type Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
ISO9660 File Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
ISO9660 Directory Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Relative Position In Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Relative Position In Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
15.2 Scripting Commands And Their Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
15.2.1 Disc Definition Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Include filename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Disc filename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
EndDisc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Session disctype [filename] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
CatalogNo number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
EndSession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
LeadIn type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
EndLeadIn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
LeadOut type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
EndLeadOut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Track type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
EndTrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
SystemArea filename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Empty number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
15.2.2 Track Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Volume volumetype filename . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

c-iv

Contents

15.2.3

EndVolume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
File name [output] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
EndFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Pause number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
PreGap number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
PostGap number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Directory name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
EndDirectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
PreEmphasis switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Channels number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Copy switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Volume Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
PrimaryVolume relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
EndPrimaryVolume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
SupplementaryVolume relposition . . . . . . . . . 103
EndSupplementaryVolume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
VolumePartition relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
EndVolumePartition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
BootRecord relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
EndBootRecord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
DescriptorWrites noofoutputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
SystemIdentifier name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
VolumeIndentifier name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
VolumePartitionIndentifier name . . . . . . . . . . 104
LogicalBlockSize size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
LPath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
MPath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
OptionalLPath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
OptionalMPath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
VolumeSetIndentifier name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
PublisherIdentifier name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
DataPreparerIdentifier name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
ApplicationIdentifier name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
BootIdentifier name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
CopyrightFileIdentifier name . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
AbstractFileIdentifier name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
BibliographicFileIdentifier name . . . . . . . . . . 106

c-v

Contents

15.2.415.2.515.2.615.2.7c-vi

VolumeCreationDate date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
VolumeModificationDate date . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
VolumeExpirationDate date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
VolumeEffectiveDate date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
ApplicationUse name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Directory Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Attributes attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
MinLength number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
File Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
RecordingDate date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
FileSource name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
EndFileSource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Trigger relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Eors relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
FileNo filenumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
SectorRate sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
AutoEOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
RealTime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Channel chnumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
EndChannel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
File Interleave Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Extent relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
EndExtent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
FileInterleave unitsize gapsize . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
EndFileInterleave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
BeginTimeE relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
EndTimeE relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
BeginTimeF relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
EndTimeF relposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
File Source Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
SourceType type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
UnitSize size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
GapSize size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
SubHeader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Offset position length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
DataType type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Contents

Reallocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
CodingInformation value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
15.2.8 Hard Error Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
HardError relposition [number] . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
15.3 Comments In Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
15.4 Example Script. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
16

Log Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
16.1 How To Retrieve Log Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
16.2 A Typical Log Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
16.2.1 Time Through Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
16.2.2 Access Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
16.2.3 Name Of File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
16.2.4 Absolute Sector In Hex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
16.2.5 Absolute Sector In Decimal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
16.2.6 Time Through Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
16.2.7 Seek Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
16.3 How Emulation Errors Are Displayed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
16.3.1 Nudge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
16.3.2 The Mirage’s Error Rate Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
16.3.3 Compromised Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
16.4 Other Emulation Log Entries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
16.5 CD-R Disc Writing Log Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
16.6 Log Options From The Front Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

17

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5

Mirage Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Start Up Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Disk And General Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
CD-R Writing Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
CPBUILD Errors Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

18

Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

19

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

c-vii

This page left intentionally blank.

INTRODUCTION

This page left intentionally blank.

1

About This ManualThis manual describes the Mirage CD Emulator, Mirage program
and the related software tools. After reading this manual you
should have a good understanding of the CD emulation processusing the Mirage.
This manual does not describe how to use any of the otherdevelopment tools (such as the SNASM2 Development System)that you might use to develop your projects. You should refer tothe manuals that came with these products for more details.
The manual is organised as follows:

Introduction
Provides an overview of the Mirage’s capabilities.
Hardware Setup
Shows you how to setup the Mirage.
Getting Started
Provides a Quick Start and Tutorial for CD emulation using theMirage and the Cross Products’ CD build tools.
Hardware Reference
More details of the Mirage’s hardware.
Reference
More detail on the features of the Mirage’s software. Includes abibliography of suggested further reading and a glossary ofcommonly-used CD terms.

3About This Manual

1.1

Technical Support
If you have any difficulties setting up or using the Mirage CD
Emulator, you should in the first instance refer to the relevant
section of this manual and then the Troubleshooting section.
If you are still having problems, you should contact our technicalsupport via telephone, fax or email at the contact details given
below:
Cross Products Ltd
23 The Calls
Leeds
England LS2 7EH
Telephone:
Facsimile:
BBS:
Internet:+44 (0) 113 242 9814
+44 (0) 113 242 6163
+44 (0) 113 234 0420*
support@crossprod.co.uk*The settings for connection to the BBS are 14,400/1/None.
Our technical support department is available from 9am to 8pm
local UK time.

4About This Manual

1.2

About The Mirage CD Emulator
The Mirage CD Emulator provides a pseudo CD for a target’s CDROM drive. This allows you to develop your CD projects without
having to burn CDs repeatedly.
The Mirage features:•

Emulation of up to quad-speed CDs with user-configurable
settings for the target CD-ROM drive’s characteristics such as
seek time, spin up time, focus time and error rate•

The Mirage’s internal HD connects to the development hostvia a SCSI interface and is treated as a normal DOS HD by thedevelopment host•

Emulation directly from files without the need for a time
consuming CD image build process•

Direct connection of a CD Writer for writing of a CD-R discfrom files•

Standalone unit that can emulate CDs direct to the target
system without being connected to a development host•

The Mirage’s internal HD is tray-mounted to beinterchangeable for different projects•

Several CD projects can co-exist on the same Mirage
emulation HD•

The Firmware is stored on user-rewritable Flash allowing field
upgrades5About This Manual

1.3

What Is Included
The following are included in the Mirage package:•

The Mirage CD Emulator (A)•Demonstration files stored on the internal HD•

Floppy Disk containing the Mirage and CPBUILD programs
and firmware (for PC development hosts only) (B)•CD containing the Mirage program, CPBUILD and Mirage
Mounter (for SG Indy development hosts only) (C)•This manual (D)•Power cable (E)•CD Interface cable (F) (the exact type depends upon target)•

2 SCSI terminators (G)•SCSI to SCSI cable (H) (the exact type depends upon set up)•

Hard disk drive tray key (I)

B

C

A

D
H
G

I
F

Figure 1-1: Items Included In The Mirage Package

6EAbout This Manual
1.3.1

Demonstration Files
The Mirage’s internal HD contains demonstration files that areused as examples in the Tutorial section of this manual.

The packing list or release notes may contain more up-to-date
information than was available when this manual was printed.

1.4

What Is Not Included
The following item is required for the operation of the Mirage witha Saturn target, but are not included in the Mirage package:

1.4.1

Saturn Key DiscThe Saturn Key Disc (sometimes called the System Disc) isrequired to bypass the Saturn’s built-in security when you areusing a modified production Saturn. The key disc is available aspart of the SEGA Saturn Developer’s Toolkit.

7

This page left intentionally blank8

HARDWARE
SETUP

This page left intentionally blank10

2

Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems
This section shows how to set up the Mirage CD Emulator andconnect it to your development PC and target development
system. It is assumed that your PC already has a SCSI interface
and that you have already setup and successfully installed thedevelopment tools for your target development system.

2.1

Inserting The Mirage’s HD Tray
If the internal HD tray is not inserted in your Mirage, slide it gently
into the mount. Push it firmly home until you hear a slight click.
Turn the key in the lock on the front of the Mirage to lock the tray
in place. Keep the key in a safe place.
Turning the tray key to remove the tray will turn off the Mirage’s
internal HD.

2.2

Configuring A PC SCSI Adapter
The Mirage CD Emulator connects to the PC’s SCSI bus (referred
to as the External SCSI bus) via the same SCSI interface as yourother development devices (such as the SNASM2 CartDev). The
Mirage will operate correctly with the SCSI settings that theseother devices require.
There must be an ASPI driver for the PC’s SCSI card installed for
the Mirage’s control program (MIRAGE.EXE) to operatecorrectly. See your SCSI interface’s manual for more details.
The Mirage will work correctly with any SCSI-2 compatible
interface, whether as a separate card or built into the development
PC. The Mirage will not work with the pseudo-SCSI SNASM1
interface card or any non-SCSI-2 card.

11

Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems

2.3

Checking The Available SCSI Numbers
Before connecting the Mirage to the PC, check that the Mirage’s
default SCSI number of 3 is available on the PC’s SCSI chain. You
can do this by using the SCSI utility which was supplied with yourPC’s SCSI controller.
If SCSI ID 3 is in use, you can change the Mirage’s SCSI number
by changing the MIRAGE ID setting. See “The SCSI Menu” onpage 63 for more details.

2.4

Connecting The Mirage And PC
You must make sure that all devices are powered off before
connecting them to your PC or to the Mirage. Damage may occur
if you attempt to connect devices which are powered on.
To connect the Mirage Emulator to the development PC:
1. Configure the SCSI settings for your other development
devices on the PC’s SCSI chain.

A

C
B

D

Figure 2-1: Connecting To The Mirage’s SCSI Ports

12

Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems

2. Connect the SCSI card in the development PC to the SCSI IN
port on the rear of the Mirage (Item A on Figure 2-1) using the
supplied SCSI cable. Contact your supplier if you require
another type of SCSI cable.
3. Connect any other SCSI devices on the PC’s SCSI chain (suchas a CartDev) to the SCSI OUT port on the rear of the Mirage(Item B on Figure 2-1). If you do not have any other SCSI
devices on the PC’s SCSI chain, connect a SCSI terminator to
SCSI OUT.
4. The Mirage’s Expansion Port (Item C on Figure 2-1) isreserved for a CD Writer. Connect a SCSI terminator to thisport if you do not have a CD Writer. See “CD Writer Setup” onpage 29 for more information on connecting a CD Writer to theMirage.
5. Confirm that the Mirage’s HD tray is securely inserted. For
more details see “Inserting The Mirage’s HD Tray” on page 11.
6. Connect the supplied power cable into the power socket on theMirage (Item D on Figure 2-1). The Mirage uses a universal
power supply (110V-240V).
7. Copy the MIRAGE.EXE program from the supplied floppy
disk to a convenient directory on the development PC.
The Mirage emulation HD can be either the Mirage’s internal HD
or any SCSI hard disk connected to the Mirage’s Expansion Port.
The emulaton HD is defined using the DRIVE ID setting. The
factory default is the Mirage’s internal HD (0).
The SCSI ID of the Mirage’s emulation HD on the PC’s SCSI
chain (called the External SCSI bus) is defined using MIRAGE
ID. The factory default for MIRAGE ID is 3.
See “The SCSI Menu” on page 63 and “The Mirage’s Two SCSIBuses” on page 71 for more details.

13

Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems

2.5

The Mirage And Windows 95
If you are using Windows 95, set up the Mirage emulation HD asa removable drive in Device Manager. This will avoid write
caching to the emulation HD and any disruption to an emulationin progress.
The Mirage’s menuing system does not display Windows 95 long
files names. Files stored on the Mirage’s emulation HD will havetheir filenames truncated to the standard 8 + 3 configuration whendisplayed on the front panel. The truncated filenames must be used
to reference these files from the Mirage’s front panel or fromwithin CPBUILD or the Mirage program.

2.6

Connecting The Mirage And Target
Connecting the Mirage to the target differs for each target. Readthe following section relevant to your current target.
When connecting cables, make sure that they are secure and that
their clips or screws (if present) are fastened.

2.6.1

Connecting The Mirage And Saturn
To connect the Mirage CD Emulator to the Saturn:

1. Connect the CD Emulator port (see Figure 2-2) on the target
system to the CD INTERFACE port on the front of the Mirage
using the supplied cable.
2. Power on in this order: CartDev, Saturn, Mirage and PC (withno delay between the Mirage and the PC).
This completes the Mirage hardware setup.

14

Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems

TM

MT

Virtual CD Switch

VCD

Saturn CD Switch

VCD/CD RESET© Cross Products Limited 1995

CD Emulator PortReset Switch

Figure 2-2: Connecting The Mirage To A Saturn Target

2.7

Testing The PC/Mirage Hardware Setup
The following indicators will enable you to confirm your Mirage
CD Emulator is set up and operating correctly:
1. The green POWER LED and the green hard disk drive
POWER LED light when the Mirage is powered on. For more
information on the position and operation of these LEDs see“The Mirage’s LEDs” on page 74.
2. The development PC should be able to locate the Mirage’s
emulation HD on the SCSI chain. When you access theMirage’s HD from the PC, the yellow disk access light (whichshows HD access when not emulating) should light. A typicaldirectory listing for the Mirage’s hard disk looks similar to:Volume in drive D is MS-DOS_6
Directory of D:\
DEMO_SD<DIR>
08-02-95
2:09p
MIRAGE<DIR>
08-02-95
2:12p
DEMO_3P<DIR>
08-02-95
2:12p
3 file(s)0 bytes
841,285,632 bytes freeFigure 2-3: A Typical Directory Listing15

Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems

The files stored in the DEMO_SD and DEMO_3P directories
are the demonstration files that can be used to build a working
CD image. See “Quick Start” beginning on page 35 for moredetails.
3. During its power-on stage, the Mirage performs a self-test.
During the self test the Mirage will display the sequence of
messages shown in Figure 2-4 on its front panel.
If an error occurs, refer to “Troubleshooting” on page 123 formore details.

Top line of display depends
upon personality module.
Bottom line depends uponfirmware version.
SCSI number depends upon
DRIVE ID.

Bottom line of display depends
upon type of hard drive.

Figure 2-4: The Mirage’s Start Up Displays

4. The Mirage’s internal HD is supplied ready formatted andcontains demonstration files. The “Tutorial” section on page
39 of this manual takes you through the various stages ofbuilding and emulating a CD using these files. If you have used
a CD Emulator before then refer to “Quick Start” beginning on
page 35 to confirm that the Mirage is operating correctly.

16

Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems

Your Mirage may not contain the latest firmware. Your Mirage’s
firmware version can be displayed by using MAIN MENU->INFO MENU->F’WARE VERSION from the Mirage’s front panel. Check with the
supplier of your Mirage to see if a more up to date version isavailable.

17This page left intentionally blank.

3

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems
This section shows how to connect the Mirage CD Emulator to an
SG Indy.
With a Saturn target it is necessary to have firmware release L orlater installed on your Mirage for use with an SG Indy.

3.1

Checking The Available SCSI Numbers
Before connecting the Mirage to the Indy, check that the Mirage’s
default SCSI ID of 3 is available on the Indy’s SCSI chain. You
can do this by:
1. Select the ‘System Manager’ from the System Toolchest.
2. From the Hardware menu select ‘Summary’. A list of the SCSI
numbers in use on your system will be displayed. Note that inaddition to this list 0, 1 and 2 are reserved for other uses.
3. If SCSI ID 3 is in use, you can change the Mirage’s SCSI
number by changing the MIRAGE ID setting. See “The SCSI
Menu” on page 63 for more details.
You must make sure that all devices are powered off before
connecting them to your Indy or to the Mirage. Damage may occur
if you attempt to connect devices which are powered on.

3.2

Connecting The Mirage and SG Indy
To connect the Mirage Emulator to the development SG Indy:
1. If you do not have any other SCSI devices attached to yourIndy, remove the Indy’s SCSI terminator from the Indy’s SCSI
port (Item A on Figure 3-1).
2. Connect the SCSI port on the rear of the Indy (Item A on
Figure 3-1) to the SCSI IN port on the rear of the Mirage (Item19

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems

B on Figure 3-1) using the supplied SCSI cable. Contact yoursupplier if you require another type of SCSI cable.

A

B

D
C

E

Figure 3-1: Connecting The Indy To The Mirage’s SCSI Ports

3. Connect any other SCSI devices on the Indy’s SCSI chain to
the SCSI OUT port on the rear of the Mirage (Item C on Figure3-1). If you do not have any other SCSI devices on the Indy’s
SCSI chain, connect a SCSI terminator to SCSI OUT.
4. The Mirage’s Expansion Port (Item D on Figure 3-1) isreserved for a CD Writer. Connect a SCSI terminator to thisport if you do not have a CD Writer. See “CD Writer Setup” onpage 29 for more information on connecting a CD Writer to theMirage.
5. Confirm that the Mirage’s HD tray is securely inserted. See“Inserting The Mirage’s HD Tray” on page 11 for more details.
6. Connect the supplied power cable into the power socket on theMirage (Item E on Figure 3-1). The Mirage uses a universal
power supply (110V-240V).
7. You must now install the Cross Products’ software. See“Installing Drivers And Build Tool For Mirage” on page 21 formore details.

20

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems

The Mirage emulation HD can be either the Mirage’s internal HD
or any SCSI hard disk connected to the Mirage’s Expansion Port.
The emulaton HD is defined using the DRIVE ID setting. The
factory default is the Mirage’s internal HD (0).
The Mirage’s emulation HD must be in IBM DOS format with a
32 bit DOS FAT.
See “The SCSI Menu” on page 63 and “The Mirage’s Two SCSIBuses” on page 71 for more details.

3.3

Installing Drivers And Build Tool For Mirage
This section shows you how to install the software and drivers
necessary to use the Mirage with the Indy.

3.3.1

Installing From A tar FileIf you have received your Mirage software as a tar file then you
will need to unpack the files before you can install them on yourIndy:
1. Make a temporary directory. For example, type:mkdir /tmp/cp
2. Copy the tar file into the temporary directory.
3. Change to the temporary directory:
cd /tmp/cp
4. Untar the installation files:
tar xvf /tmp/cp/X.tar
where ‘X.tar’ is the name of the tar file.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for all of the TAR files supplied.
Now continue with “Installing The Indy Software”, but inform theSoftware Manager that the files to be installed are in the temporary

21

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems

directory (/tmp/cp for the above example) instead of on a CD
drive or Tape Streamer.
3.3.2

Installing The Indy Software
You must have System Administration privileges to install the
Cross Products’ software. If you have any problems during
installation see the system log file for more details.
To install the software and drivers for the Mirage:
1. Run the Software Manager.
2. In the box labelled ‘Available Software’ enter the path for yourCD drive, Tape Streamer or tar files (depending upon how thesoftware was delivered to you).
3. Click ‘Customize Installation’ to list the available installable
files and choose which ones you wish to install.
Install the Acrobat Reader which can be used to view and print
the supplied documentation if it is not already on your system.
4. Click ‘Start’.
5. Once installation is complete, reboot your system:
rebootThe Indy will now reboot.

22

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems

Figure 3-2: Installation Via The Software Manager

Installed Files And Their Locations
The following files are installed during the installation:/usr/local/bin/cpd/etc/cpd.conf/etc/rc2.d/S97cpd/usr/local/bin/cpbuild/usr/local/bin/mirage
3.3.3

The DOS mount daemon
The default configuration file
The system startup script
The CD image building program
The Mirage remote control program

The CPD Mount Daemon
The mount daemon (CPD) is the program used to mount theMirage into the Indy’s file system. The mount daemon is required
because the Indy cannot normally mount DOS format HDs.
When CPD is first executed, a PID (Process Identification
Number) file (/etc/cpd.pid) will be created. This file is updated
every time that the CPD daemon is executed.
23

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems

Configuring CPD
You must configure CPD to make sure that the Mirage is correctly
mounted. The information that CPD needs to successfully mountthe Mirage is stored in the default configuration file ‘cpd.conf’ inthe /etc directory (or in another file specified by CPD’s C switch.
The format of CPD’s configuration file is:mount device dir
where device is the location of the Mirage on the Indy’s SCSI
chain and dir is the directory to mount the Mirage to. A typicalexample of CPD’s configuration file is:mount /dev/scsi/sc0d310 /mirage
where 0d3l0 is SCSI controller zero, device 3, logical unit zero.
The ‘3’ will be the SCSI number of your Mirage (set using
MIRAGE ID). The Mirage is mounted as a directory called‘/mirage’.
CPD’s Options
CPD has the following syntax:
cpd [-switch [argument]]
Available switches are:-C fileThis sets the filename of cpd’s configuration file. By default theconfiguration file is called cpd.conf. This file contains information
telling the Indy how to mount the Mirage.
-hDisplays the on-line help and list of available switches.
-l [0-7]
Sets the syslog facility to LOCAL 0-7.
-v
Reports what is cpd is currently doing. Useful for debugging.
24

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems

Limitations Of CPD
There are two main limitations of CPD, due to the nature oftranslating between file systems:
1. Files and directories that are stored on the Mirage’s emulation
HD must have names which conform to IBM PC DOS naming
syntax ie up to eight characters for the file name followed by aperiod (full stop) followed by up to three characters as anextension. All of the normal DOS compatible alphanumericcharacters are allowed.
2. None of the files on the Mirage have file permissions
associated with them. Files appear to be owned by whoever isusing them. You can alter only the write attribute of files byusing chmod.

3.4

Connecting The Mirage And Target
Connecting the Mirage to the target differs for each target. Readthe following section relevant to your current target.
When connecting cables, make sure that they are secure and that
their clips or screws (if present) are fastened.

3.4.1

Connecting The Mirage And Saturn
To connect the Mirage CD Emulator to the Saturn:

1. Connect the CD Emulator port (see Figure 3-3) on the target
system to the CD INTERFACE port on the front of the Mirage
using the supplied cable.

25

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems

TM

MT

Virtual CD Switch

VCD

Saturn CD Switch

VCD/CD RESET© Cross Products Limited 1995

CD Emulator PortReset Switch

Figure 3-3: Connecting The Mirage To A Saturn Target

2. Turn on in this order: CartDev, Saturn, Mirage and Indy (withno delay between the Mirage and the Indy).
This completes the Mirage hardware setup.

3.5

Testing The Indy/Mirage Hardware Setup
The following indicators will enable you to confirm that yourMirage CD Emulator is set up and operating correctly with yourSG Indy:
1. The green POWER LED and the green hard disk drive
POWER LED light when the Mirage is powered on. For more
information on the position and operation of these LEDs see“The Mirage’s LEDs” on page 74.
2. During its power-on stage, the Mirage performs a self-test.
During the self test the Mirage will display the sequence of
messages shown in Figure 2-4 on its front panel.
3. The Mirage’s emulation HD should be mounted. Type:26

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems

mount
A typical list of mounted devices looks similar to:/dev/root on / type efs (rw,raw=/dev/rroot)/proc on /proc type proc (rw)/dev/fd on/dev/fd type fd (rw)/dev/scsi/sc0d3l0 on /mirage type nfs (0)where 0d3l0 is SCSI controller zero, device 3, logical unit zero.
The ‘3’ will be the SCSI number of your Mirage (set using
MIRAGE ID). The Mirage is mounted as a directory called ‘/
mirage’.
4. The Indy should be able to locate the Mirage’s emulation HD
on the SCSI chain. When you type:ls -l /mirage
the yellow disk access light (which shows HD access when not
emulating) should light. A typical directory listing for theMirage’s hard disk looks similar to:
total 128
drwx------0
namedrwx------0
namedrwx------0
name
3 file(s)

group
group
group

16384 Dec 7 14:30
16384 Dec 7 14:32
16384 Dec 7 14:33
0 bytes
841,285,632 bytes free

demo_sdmiragedemo_3p

Figure 3-4: A Typical Directory Listing On The Indy

5. The Mirage’s internal HD is supplied ready formatted andcontains demonstration files. The “Tutorial” section on page
39 of this manual takes you through the various stages ofbuilding and emulating a CD using these files. If you have used
a CD Emulator before then refer to “Quick Start” beginning on
page 35 to confirm that the Mirage is operating correctly.
6. To test CPBUILD, type:
cpbuild -hwhich outputs a list of CPBUILD’s options. A typical listing27

Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems

looks similar to:
CPBUILD
Preprocess for MIRAGE CD emulator.
(c) 1996 Cross Products Ltd.
Usage:- cpbuild [options] filename [options]
Options-b
Build the disc image-lext Specify extension for language file-nSuppress copyright message-spath Set path for source files-opath Set path for output files-tCreate TOC-v
Show progress-hDisplay this help

7. To test the Mirage remote control program, type:mirage -hwhich outputs a list of the Mirage program’s options. A typicallisting is given under “INFO [>filename]” on page 90.
Your Mirage may not contain the latest firmware. Your Mirage’s
firmware version can be displayed by using MAIN MENU->INFO MENU->F’WARE VERSION from the Mirage’s front panel. Check with the
supplier of your Mirage to see if a more up to date version isavailable.

28

4

CD Writer Setup
This section shows how to connect a CD Writer to the Mirage CD
Emulator.
The Mirage only supports a selection of CD Writers. See theMirage firmware release notes or contact your supplier if you are
unsure about support for your CD Writer.

4.1

Connecting A CD Writer To The Mirage
Do not connect devices to the Mirage when power is turned on.
Damage may occur if you attempt to connect devices which areturned on.
To connect a CD Writer to the Mirage Emulator:
1. Turn off the Mirage and CD Writer.
2. If present remove the SCSI terminator from the Mirage’s
Expansion SCSI port (Item C on Figure 4-1).
3. Connect the SCSI IN port on the rear of the CD Writer (Item A
on Figure 4-1) to the Expansion SCSI port on the rear of theMirage (Item C on Figure 4-1) using the supplied SCSI cable.
Contact your supplier if you require another type of SCSI
cable.
4. If you do not wish to use the Mirage’s internal HD foremulation, connect a SCSI HD to the SCSI port on the rear of
the CD Writer.
5. Connect a SCSI terminator to SCSI OUT on the rear of the CD
Writer (Item B on Figure 4-1) or to the last device on theMirage’s Expansion SCSI bus.
6. Connect the supplied power cable into the power socket on the
CD Writer.

29

CD Writer Setup

B
AC
Figure 4-1: Connecting A CD Writer To The Mirage

7. Set the SCSI ID of the CD Writer to an unused value from 1 to 6.
Make sure that the CD Writer’s SCSI ID does not conflict with
the Mirage’s emulation HD (set using DRIVE ID) or any otherHD attached to the Mirage’s expansion SCSI bus. See “TheExpansion SCSI Bus” on page 72 for more information.
8. Power on the CD Writer and then the Mirage.
9. From the Mirage’s front panel set the CD-R ID (MAIN MENU->SCSIMENU->CD-R ID) to the SCSI number of the CD Writer or to
AUTO DETECT (the default setting).
The CD Writer is now ready for use.

4.2

Testing The CD Writer Set up
To test the set up of the Mirage and CD Writer, select the CD-R
menu from the Main menu on the Mirage’s front panel. If theMirage and CD Writer are functioning correctly together, theMirage will display:
AUTO DETECTING...

followed by:
CD-R MENU>DISC WRITE
30

CD Writer Setup

The ‘Auto Detecting’ message is only displayed if you have set the
CD-R ID to AUTO DETECT.
If the message:
CD-R ERROR
CD-R NOT FOUND

is displayed:
1. Turn off the Mirage and CD Writer
2. Check the SCSI connections and termination of all devices on
the Mirage’s Expansion SCSI bus.
Check that the devices attached to the Expansion SCSI bus all
have unique SCSI IDs.
3. Turn on the CD Writer and Mirage.
4. Check that the CD-R ID is set to AUTO DETECT or the SCSI
ID of the CD Writer.

31

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GETTING
STARTED

This page left intentionally blank.

34

5

Quick Start
This section is aimed at the developer who has used other CD
Emulators (such as the JVC VCD emulator), but who has not used
the Mirage. It very briefly takes you through the emulation process
and any unique features of the Mirage CD Emulator.
Before working through this section, you should make sure that
the Mirage CD Emulator has been set up with your development
host as described. See “Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems”
on page 11 or “Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems” on page 19 formore details.
For more detailed information on using the Mirage CD Emulator,
you should refer to the sections further on in this manual for more
information.

5.1

Emulation Using A Saturn Target
To emulate using the Mirage CD Emulator:
1. Prepare your data files (for example executables, data, video
and audio) as normal and script (.SCR) file according to “The
Scripting Language” on page 97. All emulation files must be
stored on the Mirage’s emulation HD.
2. With a modified Saturn production unit, use the Saturn Key
Disc as normal.
3. Run CPBUILD on the .SCR file to create an .RTI file. See“CPBUILD” on page 93 for more details.
4. To use the Mirage control program (MIRAGE.EXE), type thefollowing:
mirage emulate=filename.rti
where filename is the name of your .RTI fileor35

Quick Startuse ‘Select Image’ from the Emulation menu on the Mirage’s
front panel (MAIN MENU->EMULATION MENU->SELECT IMAGE) and thenscroll down to the required .RTI and select it using the
SELECT button.
Emulation will now begin.
5. During emulation, you can push the DOOR button on theMirage’s front panel to simulate the target’s door being opened
or closed. You can also use the NUDGE button to simulate thetarget being knocked. These buttons allow you to test the error
recovery routines in your project.
6. During emulation the Mirage’s LCD display changes to show
the current filename; access mode; error flag and compromised
disk access flag.
Error FlagDISPLAY
BUTTON

PAUSEX1
PAUSEX2
PAUSEX4SEEKX1
SEEKX4STOP

PLAYX1
PLAYX2
PLAYX4
SEEKX2
PLAYTOC

Compromised Emulation Flageg fragmented disk(see log information)

Time Through DiscDISPLAY
BUTTON

Absolute Sector
DISPLAY
BUTTON
Track No.

Time Through Track

Figure 5-1: The Front Panel During Emulation

Press the DISPLAY button once to show the Absolute Sector
on the bottom line of the display.
Press the DISPLAY button twice to show the Track and Time36

Quick Start

Through Track on the bottom line of the display.
Press the DISPLAY button again to return the display to show
total disc time on the bottom line.
7. To stop emulation, type:mirage stoporpress the STOP button on the Mirage’s front panel.
During emulation, read access from the development host will
effect emulation speed or might cause the emulation to abort. A
read caching utility can lessen this effect.
Write access from the development host will always abort anemulation. You should therefore try to avoid read or write accessto the emulation HD wherever possible.
If you are using Windows 95, set up the Mirage emulation HD asa removable drive in Device Manager. This will avoid write
caching to the Emulation HD.
If the emulation is effected or aborted it will be reported in theemulation log (see “Log Information” beginning on page 115 formore details).
5.1.1

Building The Final Image With A Saturn Target
The process of building the final image from the .SCR and .RTI
files is exactly the same as for the JVC emulator. Simply use
CPBUILD to create a .DSK image of the CD.

To test the .DSK file, type:mirage emulate=filename.dsk
orSelect the required .DSK file from the Mirage’s front panel (MAIN
MENU->EMULATION MENU->SELECT IMAGE).

37

Quick Start

5.2

CD-R Discs Direct From The Mirage
The Mirage has the capability to connect to a CD Writer to write
CD-R discs from .RTI or .DSK files.
See “Writing A CD-R Disc” on page 49 for more details on CD-R
writing.

5.3

Log Information
During emulation, the Mirage logs information that is helpful for
post-emulation analysis. The log information includes an entry foreach emulation event, including error reporting. For more
information on logging see “Log Information” on page 115.

38

6

Tutorial
This section introduces you to the 5 stages involved in creating
CDs: writing scripts; building the CD image; emulating from thatimage; checking that the emulation worked correctly and finallywriting a CD-R disc. This tutorial uses the demonstration files
supplied on the Mirage’s internal HD as an example project. After
working through this section, you will have a general
understanding of the process of building, emulating and writing
CD-R discs.
Before working through this section, you should make sure that
the Mirage CD Emulator has been set up as described in“Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems” on page 11 or “Setup
For SG Indy Hosted Systems” on page 19.
Work through the Typical Session section for your target system
to familiarise yourself with the emulation process under Mirage
and as a final check that the supplied system is functioning
correctly. The Typical Session section describes a typical CD
project:•

preparing files•

writing the script for building the CD•

creating the table of contents•

emulating from the Mirage virtual CD•

and finally, writing a CD-R discFor more details on the various programs and terms discussed inthis section, you should refer to the relevant reference sections
beginning on page 57.

39

Tutorial

6.1

A Typical Session With A Saturn Target
Prepare Data files(binary, sound, video etc)

Write/Edit Script

Create .RTI file(table of contents)using CPBUILD
EmulateUsing .RTI file
Create .DSK file
(disc image)using CPBUILD
EmulateUsing .DSK file
Create .TOC fileusing CPBUILD

Write a CD-R discdirect fromthe .RTI fileSend .DSK and .TOC
to CD Producer

Figure 6-1: A Typical Emulation Session With A Saturn Target

6.1.1

Preparing Files
This tutorial uses the files supplied on the Mirage’s internal HD.
See Figure 2-3 on page 15 for a typical listing.

The IP.BIN file is the security key specific to your System key
disc. There are two sets of demonstration files. Use the files in the
DEMO_3P directory with the black 3rd Party System Disc and use
the files in the DEMO_SD directory with the red SEGA System
Disc. These directories also contain the security key, IP.BIN, forthe appropriate System Disc.
The files that make up your CD project will come from various
sources, for example: programs; graphics; audio and video. It isbeyond the scope of this manual to describe how these files should
be prepared.

40

Tutorial
6.1.2

The Script File (.SCR)
The CPBUILD program uses a script file to create a run time
information file (.RTI), which is used for emulation.

The script file is a text file that describes the layout of your CD andis written using the scripting language described in “The Scripting
Language” on page 97. It includes the names of the files that makeup the CD, their type and their exact position on the CD. The
default file extension for script files is ‘.SCR’. This example uses
the TUTORIAL.SCR script file.
6.1.3

Creating The .RTI FileTo create the run time information file (.RTI) for thedemonstration files switch to the DEMO_3P or DEMO_SD
directory (depending upon which Sega key disc you are using) andtype:

cpbuild tutorial
In the above example CPBUILD takes the TUTORIAL.SCR fileand creates a file called TUTORIAL.RTI (for more details see“CPBUILD” on page 93).
You are now ready to emulate from the files on the Mirage’s
emulation HD using the MIRAGE program or the Mirage’s front
panel controls.
6.1.4

Before Emulation Can Begin
The procedure for preparing for emulation with the Mirage differs
for each target. The following two sections describe how to
prepare for emulation with a Saturn Programming Box andModified Production Saturn respectively.
Using A Saturn Programming Box
If you are using a Saturn Programming Box you should:

1. Power off the Programming Box
2. Set the VCD/CD selector switch on the front of theProgramming Box to ‘CD’41

Tutorial

3. Power on the Programming Box
4. Set the VCD/CD selector switch to ‘VCD’
The Saturn Programming Box is now ready to emulate from thefiles on the Mirage’s internal HD.
Using A Modified Production Saturn
If you are using a modified production Saturn you must:

1. Power off the Saturn
2. Set the Saturn’s VCD selector switch to ‘CD’
3. Place the Saturn Key Disc into the CD drive
4. Power on the Saturn
5. Wait for the Saturn to display ‘Completed’ in the top left of theSega logo screen
6. Set the Saturn’s VCD selector switch to ‘VCD’
The Saturn is now ready to emulate from the files on the Mirage’s
internal HD. The Saturn should not require the key disc again until
it is turned off; pressing Reset on the front of the Saturn does notclear the key disc information.
6.1.5

Starting The Emulation
To emulate from the .RTI file, type the following to use the Mirage
control program (MIRAGE):

PC

mirage emulate=\demo_3p\tutorial.rti

SGmirage emulate=/demo_3p/tutorial.rti(substitute ‘demo_sd’ for the ‘demo_3p’ above if you are using a
red Sega key disc)orChoose the TUTORIAL.RTI file from the Emulation menu on thefront panel of the Mirage CD Emulator. Choose ‘Select Image’42

Tutorial(MAIN MENU->EMULATION MENU->SELECT IMAGE) from the Emulation
menu and then scroll down to the TUTORIAL.RTI file. Now
select ‘Start Emulation’ using the SELECT button on theMirage’s front panel.
The Mirage’s front panel will display:
PREPARING TO
EMULATE

A list of the files which are referenced in the .RTI file will quickly
be displayed on the front panel and then after a few seconds (theexact time depends upon the number and size of the files in the CD
project), CD emulation will start. The top-left ball on the onscreen control panel will change and ‘Start Application’ will be
displayed. This indicates that a viable Saturn game disc image has
been found.
Use the Control Pad to select the top-left ball and press the ‘A’button on the Control Pad.
You should now see the opening sequence from Panzer Dragoon.
During emulation the Mirage’s LCD display changes to giveinformation on the type of access, filename of the file being
accessed and shows an error flag if an error has occurred. See
Figure 6-2 on page 44 for more details.
To show the Absolute Sector on the bottom line of the display
press the DISPLAY button once. To show the Track and TimeThrough Track on the bottom line of the display press the
DISPLAY button again. To return the display to Total Disc Timepress the DISPLAY button for a third time.
The YELLOW LED on the top left of the front of the Mirage lights
to show CD access during emulation.
If the emulation is effected or aborted it will be reported in theemulation log (see “Log Information” beginning on page 115 formore details).

43

Tutorial

Error Flag

PAUSEX1
PAUSEX2
PAUSEX4SEEKX1
SEEKX4STOPDISPLAY
BUTTONPLAYX1
PLAYX2
PLAYX4
SEEKX2
PLAYTOC

Compromised Emulation Flageg fragmented disk(see log information)

Time Through DiscDISPLAY
BUTTON

Absolute Sector
DISPLAY
BUTTON
Track No.

Time Through Track

Figure 6-2: The Front Panel During Emulation

During emulation, read access from the development host will
effect emulation speed or might cause the emulation to abort. A
read caching utility can lessen this effect.
Write access from the development host will always abort anemulation. You should therefore try to avoid read or write accessto the emulation HD wherever possible.
6.1.6

Stopping The Emulation
To stop the emulation running, type:mirage stoporpress the STOP button on the Mirage’s front panel.
The development host can now access the Mirage’s emulation HD
safely.

44

Tutorial

If you are unable to emulate successfully from the demonstration
files check that your Mirage CD emulation system is correctly set
up. Refer to “Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems” on page11, “Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems” on page 19 and“Troubleshooting” on page 123 for more information.

6.2

Writing A CD-R DiscThe following two sections describe the two methods for writinga CD-R disc from the files on the Mirage.

6.2.1

Writing A CD-R Disc From An .RTI File
The Mirage can be connected directly to a CD Writer to write a
CD-R disc from the .RTI file.

To write a CD-R disc using a CD Writer, see “Writing A CD-R
Disc” on page 49.
6.2.2

Writing A CD-R Disc From A Disc Image
If you do not have a CD Writer connected to your Mirage,CPBUILD can produce a CD image (.DSK) that can be used to
produce a CD using Sega’s PC based SEGACDW utility.

CPBUILD takes a .SCR file and creates a final .RTI file and theCD’s image (a .DSK).
To build a CD image from the supplied demo file, switch to the
DEMO_3P or DEMO_SD directory (depending upon which Sega
key disc you are using) and type:
cpbuild tutorial -b -t
CPBUILD looks for a .SCR file as the default and, for thisexample, will create a disc image file called TUTORIAL.DSK
along with TUTORIAL.TOC which is required by SEGACDWand TUTORIAL.RTI and TUTORIAL.PVD which are required toemulate from the .DSK.

45

Tutorial
Testing A CD Image (.DSK) File
You can now use the MIRAGE program (or the Mirage’s front
panel controls) to test the .DSK file before producing a CD from it.

Start the emulation from the .DSK file by typing:PC

mirage emulate=\demo_3p\tutorial.dsk

SGmirage emulate=/demo_3p/tutorial.dsk(substitute ‘demo_sd’ for the ‘demo_3p’ above if you are using a
red Sega key disc)or
use Select Image (MAIN MENU->EMULATION MENU->SELECT IMAGE) on theMirage’s front panel to select the TUTORIAL.DSK file and thenchoose Start Emulation (MAIN MENU->EMULATION MENU->STARTEMULATION) from the Emulation Menu using the SELECT button.
The Mirage should now emulate the CD as before.
You can now use SEGACDW to write a CD-R disc from the .DSK
file.
Alternatively, if your Mirage is connected directly to a CD Writer
you can write a CD-R disc from the .DSK file. See “Writing A
CD-R Disc” on page 49 for more information.

6.3

Testing Error Recovery Routines
During the emulation of a CD, the Mirage CD Emulator allows
you to introduce simulated errors using the NUDGE feature and
ERROR RATE setting (see “The CD Config Menu” on page 65 formore details) to test the error recovery routines in your project. In
the home environment these errors might come from excessive dirton the CD, from the player knocking the Target or opening the CDdoor during game play.
You can introduce errors during emulation by pressing the
NUDGE button on the front of the Mirage or by typing:mirage nudge

46

Tutorialor by pressing the DOOR button or by typing:mirage open
While the CD door is open the Mirage’s front panel emulation
display will show ‘Door Open’.
If your project recovers from the door being opened, you can closethe door again by pressing the DOOR button again or by typing:mirage close

6.4

Log Information
During emulation, the Mirage creates a log of emulation events.
This information is useful for post-emulation analysis of yourproject’s CD. For more information on Logging information, see“Log Information” on page 115.

47

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48

7

Writing A CD-R Disc
This section describes the process of writing a CD-R disc directlyfrom the files on the Mirage, without the need to build a disc image
file (.DSK).
The Mirage also supports writing of CD-R discs from .DSK files.
To write a CD-R disc from a .DSK, create and test the .DSK andthen follow “Writing A CD-R Disc From An .RTI File” on page
50 substituting your .DSK file for the example .RTI file.
Before attempting to write CD-R discs from the Mirage, makesure that the CD Writer is set up correctly. See “CD Writer Setup”
on page 29 for more details.

7.1

Creating An .RTI File
Before the Mirage can write a CD-R disc, you must use theCPBUILD build tool to create an .RTI file from your project’s
script file. Use:
cpbuild script.scr
where script.scr is the name of your script. An .RTI file willbe created in the same directory as the script file. See “CPBUILD”
on page 93 for more details on CPBUILD and its use.

7.2

Testing The .RTI File
Before you write a CD-R disc, you should make sure that your
.RTI file is correct and that your CD project is operating correctly.
Use the Mirage’s front panel controls or the Mirage program toemulate from the .RTI file.
For more details on emulating using the Mirage see “Starting The
Emulation” on page 42.

Writing A CD-R Disc

7.3

Writing A CD-R Disc From An .RTI File
Once you have created the .RTI file and successfully emulated
from it, you can use the Mirage’s front panel CD-R menu to write
the CD-R disc.
You can also test the complete write process using the CD-R
menu’s ‘test write’ command. This command goes through theentire CD-R writing process and is the same as the ‘Write Disc’command, but does not write any information to the CD-R disc.
To write a CD-R disc from an .RTI file:
1. Use the CD-R menu’s ‘Select Image’ command to select the.RTI file stored on the Mirage’s emulation HD.
2. Select the desired write speed using the CD-R menu’s ‘Write
Speed’ command.
Always check that the write speed is set correctly for the media
that you are using. The Mirage resets the write speed
automatically to the fastest that the CD Writer can achieve, every
time that you enter the CD-R menu.
3. Insert a blank CD-R disc in your CD Writer.
4. Select ‘Disc Write’ from the CD-R menu. The Mirage will
display:
CONFIRM X2 WRITEOF SCRIPT.RTI

where X2 is the speed and script.rti is the name of the selected.RTI file.
5. Press the Mirage’s front panel SELECT button to confirm thewrite. The Mirage will display:
PRESS DOORTO CONFIRM
50

Writing A CD-R Disc6. Press the DOOR button to finally confirm the CD-R disc write.
This double check is to make sure that you do not write a
CD-R disc by mistake.
If the Mirage displays:
CD-R NOT READYRETRYING...

confirm that the blank CD-R disc is in the CD Writer. If you do
insert the CD-R disc now, there will be a short delay while the
CD Writer spins up the disc.
7. While the Mirage prepares to write the information to the
CD-R disc, it will briefly display:
SCRIPT.RTI
PLEASE WAIT...

where script.rti is the name of your .RTI file.
The Mirage will now start to write the CD-R disc’s LeadIn andwill display:
SCRIPT.RTILEADIN

where script.rti is the name of your .RTI file.
The time taken to write the LeadIn to the CD-R disc varies
depending on the number of tracks in your CD project and thewrite speed.
While the Mirage is writing the CD-R disc, the CD Writer’s Eject
button is disabled.
After the Mirage has written the LeadIn, the display changes
to:
SCRIPT.RTI
WRITEX2 12:03

51

Writing A CD-R Disc

where script.rti is the name of your .RTI file and 12:03 is thetime remaining for the writing of the data.
The time will count down to zero and then the Mirage will
display:
SCRIPT.RTI
LEADOUTThe time taken to write the LeadOut to the CD-R disc varies
depending on the number of tracks in your CD project and thewrite speed
Lastly the Mirage will display:
WRITE COMPLETED
SUCCESSFULLY

and the CD Writer will eject the CD-R disc. The CD-R disc
now contains your CD project.
7.3.1

Halting A CD-R Disc Write Or Test Write
To halt a CD-R disc write or test write at any time during thewriting of CD data:

1. Press the CANCEL button on the Mirage’s front panel. The
Mirage will display:
HOLD DOORTO ABORT

2. Press and hold the DOOR button until the Mirage displays:
ABORTING

followed immediately by:
EJECTING DISCThe CD Writer will eject the CD-R disc and the Mirage will52

Writing A CD-R Disc

display:
WRITE ABORTED

If you were using the ‘Write Disc’ command, the ejected
CD-R disc will be unusable.
3. Press the CANCEL button to return to the CD-R menu.
The writing of the CD-R disc’s LeadIn and LeadOut cannot be
halted.

53

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HARDWARE
REFERENCE

This page left intentionally blank56

8

Front Panel
The Mirage CD Emulator front panel includes a 16 character by 2line display and four buttons. The buttons control a menuingsystem which operates the CD emulation, Mirage CD Emulator
setup, log information maintenance and CD-R disc writing. Thissection is a detailed description of the operation of the front panel.

16 Character, 2 Line LCD Display

Menu
Control Buttons(Blue)

Emulation
Control Buttons(Orange)

CD Interface
Connector
To Target

Figure 8-1: The Mirage’s Front PanelAll of the controls on the Mirage’s front panel are duplicated in theMirage program, except those controls under the CD Config,
SCSI, Config and CD-R menus (see “The Mirage Program”
beginning on page 87 for more details).

8.1

The Front Panel Buttons
The four buttons on the front panel of the Mirage performdifferently depending on whether or not the Mirage is emulating.
The bottom row of blue button labels (UP, DOWN, SELECT,CANCEL) describe how each button operates when the Mirage is57

Front Panelnot in emulation mode. The top row of orange button labels(DOOR, DISPLAY, NUDGE, STOP) come into effect when theMirage is emulating.
The operation of each button is described below.
8.1.1

DOOR
The DOOR button simulates opening and closing the door on theMirage’s virtual CD. This is equivalent to the target’s CD door
being opened or closed. On most target systems opening the door
causes the target to switch to a start up screen.

You can use this button to test whether your project can recoverfrom the CD door being opened during emulation.
8.1.2

UP
Moves the control panel display up one line.

8.1.3

DISPLAY
Changes the bottom line of display during emulation (For moredetails see Figure 6-2 on page 44).

8.1.4

DOWN
Moves the control panel display down one line.

8.1.5

NUDGE
Pressing the NUDGE button while the Mirage is emulating
introduces an error (in addition to errors introduced using the error
rate setting MAIN MENU->CONFIG MENU->ERROR RATE. See “The CD
Config Menu” on page 65 for more details). This is equivalent toan error while accessing the CD. The NUDGE button can be used
to test any error recovery routines that you might have included inyour project.

8.1.6

SELECT
Selects the currently highlighted option, or file, on the Mirage’s
control panel.

58

Front Panel
8.1.7

STOP
The STOP button stops the current emulation.

8.1.8

CANCEL
Cancels the current selection and moves the menu display up one
level.

59

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60

9The Menuing System
The Mirage has a menu-driven interface displayed on the LCD
panel on the front of the Mirage. Menu items are selected using thefour buttons to the right of the LCD panel.
The menus control the emulation of a CD; Mirage’s setup; log
setup; re-writing the Mirage’s Flash EPROM and writing of a
CD-R disc.
The menus have five main tree structures:

EMULATIONMENU
UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTON
SCSI
MENU

UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONCONFIGMENU
UP
BUTTONUP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTON
INFO
MENU

UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTON
CD-R
MENU

Figure 9-1: The Mirage’s Menu Structure

When the Mirage’s menuing system waits for you to press a button(for example, when an error message is displayed), you can press
either CANCEL or SELECT to clear the message.
The current settings are indicated by an asterisk next to the value.
The menu settings are saved when the Mirage is turned off.

61

The Menuing System

9.1

The Emulation Menu
C
B
UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONA

Figure 9-2: The Emulation Menu

The Emulation menu controls the two emulation functions: SelectImage and Start Emulation.
The Select Image command (A) displays a list of all available
emulation files (both .RTI and .DSK). You can scroll through thisusing the UP and DOWN buttons on the front of the Mirage. To
select the file that you wish to emulate from, use the SELECT
button (see “How Directories Are Displayed” on page 69 for more
information on the Mirage’s directory listings).
Select Start Emulation (B) to begin emulation using the .DSK fileor .RTI file chosen using the Select Image command (see Figure
6-2 on page 44 for details of the Mirage’s display during emulation
(C)).

62

The Menuing System

9.2

The SCSI Menu

A
UP
BUTTONCUP
BUTTONB

DOWN
BUTTOND

DOWN
BUTTONE

F

Figure 9-3: The SCSI Menu

The SCSI menu controls the SCSI settings for the External andExpansion SCSI buses (for more details see “The Mirage’s Two
SCSI Buses” beginning on page 71).
The MIRAGE ID setting (A) is the SCSI number of the Mirage’s
emulation HD on the development host’s SCSI bus (the External
SCSI bus). The factory default is 3. Use the UP and DOWN
buttons to change the setting (B).
The CD-R ID (C) setting is the SCSI ID of the CD Writer on theMirage’s Expansion SCSI bus. This can be set to a value of 1 to 6
(inclusive) or to ‘AUTO DETECT’. AUTO DETECT automaticallyscans the Expansion SCSI bus for a supported CD Writer (with SCSIID between 1 and 6). The factory default is AUTO DETECT. Use the
UP and DOWN buttons to change the setting (D).
The DRIVE ID (E) setting is the SCSI ID of the drive (0-6) on theMirage’s Expansion SCSI bus which is used for emulation. The
factory default is 0 (the Mirage’s internal HD). Use the UP and
DOWN buttons to change the setting (F).
The SCSI ID’s set using DRIVE ID and CD-R ID must be different.

63

The Menuing System

9.3

The Config Menu
A
UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONB
UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONCONFIG MENUUP
BUTTONC
DOWN
BUTTOND

Figure 9-4: The Config Menu

The Config menu controls the LCD contrast of the Mirage’s front
panel; the configuration of the emulation CD; upgrading of theMirage’s Firmware and Log wrap around.
LCD CONTRAST (A) changes the contrast of the Mirage’s front
panel display. Use the UP and DOWN buttons to change thesetting (0-19). Use the SELECT button to choose the new setting.
For more information on the CD Config Menu (B) see “The CD
Config Menu” on page 65.
For more information on the F’ware Upgrade Menu (C) see“Upgrading The Flash Firmware” on page 81.
LOG WRAP (D) sets whether the Log information wraps aroundwhen it is full. Use the UP and DOWN buttons to turn Log Wrapon or off (D). Use the SELECT button to choose the new setting.
Set to OFF if you just want to log the first 2,048 emulation events.

64

The Menuing System

9.4

The CD Config Menu

A

B
UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONCUP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTOND
UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONUP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONE

F

Figure 9-5: The CD Config Menu

The CD CONFIG MENU (A) is used to set the characteristics of
the CD-ROM drive that the Mirage is emulating:
ERROR RATE (B) sets the number of errors which will occur
during emulation. Possible settings are: No Errors; 1 in 100,000; 1
in 10,000; 1 in 1,000 or 1 in 100. For example 1 in 1,000 meansthat on average 1 in 1,000 sectors will have an error. Factory
default is No Errors.
INSTANT SEEK (C) allows you to turn the Instant Seek setting
on and off. If Instant Seek is on, the Mirage moves to theappropriate place in the data as fast as possible, without inserting
the delays required to accurately emulate a CD mechanism. The
rate that data plays from the CD is unaffected, as this is fixed at 75
sectors per second (single speed) or 150 sectors per second(double speed). The Mirage cannot increase or decrease these
rates if the target is to understand the data. Factory default is
Instant Seek off.

65

The Menuing System

SEEK TIME (D) sets the Seek Time (how fast the emulated CD
read-head moves across the disc surface) for the CD-ROM drivethat is being emulated. Possible settings are from 0ms to 1,000ms
in 10ms steps. The factory default for Seek Time for a Saturntarget is 250ms.
FOCUS TIME (E) allows you to set the Focus Time (the time
taken before the read-head starts to read data once it has moved tothe correct position on the emulated CD) for the CD-ROM drivethat is being emulated. Possible settings are from 0ms to 250ms in
5ms steps. The factory default for Focus Time for a Saturn target
is 75ms.
SPIN UP TIME (F) sets the Spin Up Time for the emulated CD
mechanism. When the target issues a STOP command, the CD
mechanism stops the CD spinning. The Spin Up Time is the time
taken for the CD to start and spin up to double speed. Possible
settings are from 0ms to 1,200ms in 20ms steps. The factory
default for Spin Up Time for a Saturn target is 960ms.

66

The Menuing System

9.5

The Info Menu

A
UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONUP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONB

C

Figure 9-6: The Info Menu

The Info menu displays the Disk information, Firmware version,and CD-R information.
DISK INFO (A) gives the manufacturer’s information about theMirage’s emulation HD.
F’WARE VERSION (B) shows the Firmware version of theMirage. This is the same display that is shown at boot up of theMirage.
CD-R INFO (C) gives the manufacturer’s information and SCSI
ID of the CD Writer attached to the Mirage’s Expansion port if one
is attached. See “The Expansion SCSI Bus” on page 72 for moredetails.
Press CANCEL or SELECT to return to the Info menu.

67

The Menuing System

9.6

The CD-R Menu
B
A
UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONCUP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTOND
UP
BUTTONDOWN
BUTTONE

Figure 9-7: The CD-R Menu

The CD-R menu (A) controls the four CD-R disc writing
functions: Disc Write, Test Write, Select Image and Write Speed.
This menu can only be accessed if a CD Writer is attached to theMirage’s Expansion SCSI port.
If you try to access the CD-R menu without a CD Writer attachedto the Expansion port of the Mirage, the Mirage will search for adrive and then display:
CD-R ERROR
CD-R NOT FOUND

Press CANCEL or SELECT to return to the Main menu.
The Select Image command (D) displays a list of all available files(both .RTI and .DSK) that can be used to record a CD-R disc. You
can scroll through this list using the UP and DOWN buttons on thefront of the Mirage. To select the file to emulate from, use the
SELECT button (see “How Directories Are Displayed” on page
69 for more information on the Mirage’s directory listings). The
Select Image command must be used before Disc Write or Test
Write. The selected image is not the same as the image which waslast used for emulation. To protect against writing a CD-R disc68

The Menuing Systemwith the wrong image, the selected image must be set every time
you wish to use the TEST WRITE or DISC WRITE commands.
Use the DISC WRITE command (B) to write a CD-R disc. You
must use the Select Image command first to select a .RTI or .DSK
image. See “Writing A CD-R Disc” on page 49 for more details.
The TEST WRITE command (C) tests the viability of the CD-R
disc write process. The Mirage and CD Writer work through theentire process of writing a CD-R disc, except that no information
is written to the disc. See “Writing A CD-R Disc” on page 49 formore details.
The WRITE SPEED command (E) allows you to select the speedof writing to the CD-R disc. The default is the fastest speed
available for the CD Writer detected on the Mirage’s Expansion
SCSI bus. The write speed is reset to the fastest speed available
every time you enter the CD-R menu. Use the WRITE SPEED
command to set a lower speed if you are using lower speed rated
CD-R discs.
You should thoroughly test the .RTI or .DSK file by emulation
before you write a CD-R disc from it.

9.7

How Directories Are Displayed
Whenever the Mirage displays a file listing on its front panel LCD
display, directories are shown in square brackets. For example
selecting an entry called ‘[WORK]’ will display the contents ofthe ‘WORK’ directory.
The directory above the current one is displayed in square brackets
with a ‘^’ preceeding the name. For example ‘[^PROJECT]’
means that the ‘PROJECT’ directory is above the current one in
the directory tree. This is equivalent to ‘..’ in standard DOS
notation.
If the directory above the current one is the emulation HD’s root
directory then it is shown as ‘[^ROOT]’. Selecting this will show
69

The Menuing System

the contents of the emulation HD’s root directory.
The Mirage does not support multiple partitions on the emulation
HD.

9.8

Mirage’s Legal File Characters
The Mirage can support the following characters in legal file anddirectory names:
A-Z
_
$
!
%
}
‘
(

(inclusive)
underscore
dollarexclamation
percentdashright brace
open single quote
left parenthesis

0-9
^
~
#
&
{
@
’
)

(inclusive)
caret
tilde
numberampersandleft braceatclose single quote
right parenthesis

The Mirage’s does not support the following characters in legal
file and directory names:
\
/
]

70

space
back slash
forward slashright square bracket

,
[
.

comma
left square bracket
period/full stop
(except as the extention
separator)

10

Hardware Reference

10.1

The Mirage’s Two SCSI Buses
The Mirage’s SCSI controller is simultaneously connected to two
SCSI buses: The External SCSI Bus and the Expansion SCSI Bus.

10.1.1The External SCSI Bus
The External SCSI bus connects the development host via its SCSI
controller to its internal SCSI HD, the Mirage and any other SCSI
devices connected to the development host such as a CartDev. The
PC’s SCSI controller always has a SCSI number of 7 and the PC’sinternal HD usually has a SCSI number of 0. The SG Indy’s SCSI
Controller always has a SCSI number of 0 and its internal HDs
have SCSI numbers of 1 and 2.
DeviceSCSI number

Development HostSCSI Controller

7 (PC)
0 (SG)Development HostInternal HD (if present)

0 (PC)
1 & 2 (SG)Mirage’s Emulation HD

MIRAGE ID(1-6)

Factory default = 3

CartDev?
(1-6)

Factory default = 5

Dashesshows
Optional Devices

Other SCSI Devices
Attached To The Development Host

?
(1-6)

SCSI TERMINATOR

Figure 10-1: The Mirage’s External SCSI Bus

71

Hardware Reference

On this SCSI bus, the Mirage’s SCSI number is set using the
MIRAGE ID on the Mirage’s front panel menuing system (MAIN
MENU->SCSI MENU->MIRAGE ID). See “The Menuing System”
beginning on page 61 for more details on operating the Mirage’s
menuing system.
The default MIRAGE ID is 3 (values from 1 to 6 are allowed).
The Mirage Controller allows the development host to indirectly
access the emulation HD as a normal DOS hard disk with thisSCSI number.
The Mirage is connected to the External SCSI Bus via the SCSI IN
and SCSI OUT ports on the Mirage’s back panel (see Figure 2-1
on page 12).
10.1.2The Expansion SCSI Bus

The Expansion SCSI bus connects the Mirage’s on-board SCSI
controller to the Mirage’s internal HD and to any other SCSI
devices connected to the Mirage’s Expansion port, for example a
CD Writer.
On this SCSI bus the Mirage Controller itself is permanently set to
SCSI device 7. The HD that the Mirage uses as the emulation drive
is connected to the Mirage Controller on this SCSI bus. The
emulation HD can be either the Mirage’s internal HD or another
SCSI drive connected via the Expansion port on the back panel ofthe Mirage.
The Mirage Controller uses the HD with the SCSI number given
by DRIVE ID as its emulation drive. If DRIVE ID is set to 0 (thedefault) then the Mirage Controller uses the Mirage’s internal HD
as the emulation drive. Other HDs connected to the Expansion
port can have SCSI numbers from 1-6. For more information on
setting DRIVE ID see “The Menuing System” on page 61.
The emulation HD (defined by DRIVE ID) is the drive that theMirage allows the development host to ‘see’ on the External SCSI
bus.

72

Hardware Reference

DeviceMirageSCSI Controller{

MirageInternal HD

DRIVE ID =SCSI numberof HD used as
Emulation HD

Dashesshows
Optional Devices

SCSI number
70External Emulation HD

?
(1-6)

Optional CD Writer

?
(1-6)

Other SCSI Devices
Attached To The Expansion Port

?
(1-6)

SCSI TERMINATOR

Figure 10-2: The Mirage’s Expansion SCSI Bus

You should contact the supplier of your Mirage for compatibility
information before trying to connect any SCSI devices to theMirage’s Expansion Port.

73

Hardware Reference
10.1.3The Mirage’s LEDs
The four LEDs on the front of the Mirage operate differently
depending on whether or not the Mirage is in emulation mode.
Green Power LED

16 Character, 2 Line LCD Display

Yellow Access LED
Emulation Control
Buttons(Orange)DOOR

DISPLAY

Menu Control
Buttons(Blue)

0123456789012345
0123456789012345

CD Interface
Connector
Hard Drive Slide
Mount Lock

Red Access LED

Green Hard Drive
Power LED

Hard Drive Slide Mount

Figure 10-3: The Front Of The Mirage

The following table shows how the LEDs behave depending onwhether or not the Mirage is in emulation mode:
Table 10-1: The Mirage’s LEDs
Green LED
(upper left)

Yellow LED

Red LED

Duringnormaloperation

MiragePower

Emulation
Drive access(set by
DRIVE ID)

Internal HD
access*Internal
Drive
Power**

Duringemulation
mode

MiragePower

CD AccessInternal HD
access*Internal
Drive
Power**

DuringCD-RrecordingMiragePower

CD Writer
AccessInternal HD
access*Internal
Drive
Power*** The Red LED might not be connected on some internal HDs.
** Shows internal drive power if the tray is locked in place.

74

Green LED
(lower right)

11

Changing Targets
One of the Mirage’s unique features is the ability to use it withdifferent targets simply by changing a small hardware‘personality’ module. The personality module is a small circuitboard at the front of the Mirage which holds the interface
electronics specific to each target.
This section describes how to change personality modules.
If you have any problems while attempting to change modules,
please contact Technical Support (See “Technical Support” onpage 4 for more details).
While changing the personality modules, you should take care at
all times. The Mirage personality module is sensitive to static
electricity. Keep the new personality module in its anti-static bag
until you are ready to insert it into the Mirage. Before handling thepersonality module, always ground yourself by touching an
unpainted surface on a grounded object (such as a metal desklamp). Alternatively you can use an anti-static strap and wristband.
Keep all removed screws in a safe place and note their original
location.

11.1

Changing The Mirage’s Firmware
The Mirage’s flash firmware must match the personality module.
The Mirage might be damaged if you try to emulate from a Mirage
which has firmware that does not match its personality module.
The Mirage’s firmware must be updated before the personality
module is changed. For more information on updating the Flash
firmware see “Upgrading The Flash Firmware” beginning on page81.
After you have updated the Mirage’s firmware to a version
75

Changing Targets

compatible with the new personality module, you can remove theold personality module.

11.2

Removing The Personality Module
To remove the Mirage’s personality module:
1. Turn off the Mirage and disconnect it from the development
host, target and any other SCSI devices (such as the CartDev).
2. Turn the Mirage upside down and place it on a suitable surface.
Be careful not scratch the Mirage’s metal casing.
3. Unscrew the screws labelled (1) as shown in Figure 11-1 andremove the screws and back case feet.
4. Carefully unscrew the screws labelled (2) shown in
Figure 11-1 and remove the screws and front case feet.
5. Turn the Mirage back onto its base, whilst holding theMirage’s case front in place.

2
1
2
1

1

1

0

1

1
1
Figure 11-1: Removing The Mirage’s Top And Front

76

Changing Targets

6. Pull the Mirage’s front case (Item A in Figure 11-2) forward
and to one side, being careful not the stretch the cable (Item B
in Figure 11-2) connecting the front case to the Mirage.
7. Unscrew the four screws labelled (3) in Figure 11-2 on page 77
which connect the LCD panel to the Mirage.
8. Lay the LCD panel (Item C in Figure 11-2) at the front of theMirage being careful not to stretch the three ribbon cables
holding the LCD panel to the Mirage main circuit board.

3

B

C
3

A

Figure 11-2: Removing The Mirage’s LCD Panel

9. Unscrew the four screws labelled (4) in Figure 11-3 whichconnect the personality module to the Mirage.
The personality module shown in Figure 11-3 on page 78 may
differ slightly from the one in your Mirage depending upon thetarget system that your Mirage has been connected to.
10. Unplug the old personality module from the Mirage by moving
it forward until its rear connector (Item A in Figure 11-3)

77Changing Targets

disconnects fully from the Mirage’s main circuit board (Item B
in Figure 11-3 on page 78).
11. Place the old personality module in an anti-static bag and keep
in a safe place ready for future use.

B
A
4

4

4

4

To LCD Panel

Figure 11-3: Unscrewing The Personality Module

11.3

Inserting The New Personality Module
To insert the new personality module into the Mirage:
1. Insert the new personality module into the same connector as
the old module (Item A in Figure 11-3).
2. Make sure that the connector is pressed fully home.
3. Replace the four screws marked 4 in Figure 11-3.
4. Lift the Mirage’s LCD panel into place and replace the four78

Changing Targets

screws marked 3 in Figure 11-2. Make sure that the ribbon
cables which connect the Mirage and the LCD panel are notcrimped by the LCD panel and that the CD Interface connector
at the front of the personality module is properly positioned
through the hole in the front of the LCD panel.
5. Move the Mirage’s case front into place.
6. Hold the Mirage’s case front in place whilst turning the Mirage
onto its top.
7. Replace the Mirage’s four case feet and the screws labelled 1
and 2 in Figure 11-1.
8. Reconnect the development host and the new target (see“Hardware Setup For PC Hosted Systems” on page 11 or“Setup For SG Indy Hosted Systems” on page 19 for moredetails).

79

This page left intentionally blank.

80

12

Upgrading The Flash Firmware
The Mirage stores its Firmware in a Flash EPROM (‘Flash’). This
allows you to upgrade the firmware running the Mirage without
having to change any components or return the Mirage. Upgrading
the firmware might provide more features or support for moretarget systems.
New Flash firmware files are released from time to time and canbe obtained via our BBS (details below) or on disk direct from
Cross Products.
If you have any problems re-writing the Mirage’s Flash or any
error messages appear, please contact Technical Support (forcontact details see “Technical Support” on page 4).
The version of the Mirage program must match the version of theMirage’s firmware that you are using.

12.1

The Cross Products BBS
Cross Products runs a BBS system containing the latest versionsof the programs; support files and documentation for our various
products.
You will find the latest version of the Mirage program (MIRAGE)
and Flash firmware for your target system on the BBS in the
MIRAGE area. The version of the Mirage program must match theFlash.
For more details on the BBS see “Technical Support” beginningon page 4.

81

Upgrading The Flash Firmware

12.2

How To Re-Write The FlashYou must not switch off the Mirage CD Emulator while the Flash
firmware is being re-written. Doing so will result in the Firmware
being unable to re-write itself and the upgrade failing. Your
Mirage CD Emulator will have to be returned to the supplier to be
repaired and might incur a repair charge.

To re-write the Flash firmware:
1. Obtain a new Flash firmware image file (.EMF) from Cross
Products.
2. Copy the .EMF file into the MIRAGE directory on theMirage’s emulation HD.
Before copying the .EMF file to the Mirage make sure that write
caching is turned off or wait for the development host to write thecomplete .EMF file to the MIRAGE directory before proceeding.
3. Select MAIN MENU->CONFIG MENU->F’WARE UPGRADE on the Mirage’s
front panel using the UP, DOWN and SELECT buttons.
4. Scroll through the displayed list of .EMF files and select the
new Firmware upgrade file using the SELECT button.
FIRMWARE UPGRADE>SATV204.EMF

If you select a file which is not a valid .EMF file, the following
message will be displayed. Press CANCEL or SELECT totake you back to the FIRMWARE UPGRADE selection
display.
FIRMWARE UPGRADENOT A VALID EMF!

5. When prompted on the Mirage’s display confirm that you wish

82

Upgrading The Flash Firmware

to re-write the Flash firmware in the Mirage.
UPGRADE SATV204
CONFIRM?

Press the SELECT button to confirm that you wish to re-write
the Flash. Pressing any other button cancels the Flash re-write.
The Mirage will now re-write its firmware using the specified.EMF file. This will take approximately 10 seconds.
While the Mirage is re-writing the Flash, the following
message is displayed:
WRITING FIRMWARE
DO NOT TOUCH...

If an error occurs while the Flash is being re-written, thefollowing message is displayed:
WRITING FIRMWARE
RETRYING

You should contact your Mirage supplier immediately before
trying to use your Mirage.
6. If the Flash re-write is successful, the following message isdisplayed:
UPGRADE COMPLETE
PRESS SELECT

7. Press the SELECT key, to re-boot the Mirage from the new
Firmware. The Mirage returns to the MAIN MENU after
displaying the new Firmware version number on its start-up
screen.
While the Mirage is re-booting, the LCD panel will display:
CONFIG FAIL
USING DEFAULTS

This is perfectly normal. When the firmware is re-written the83Upgrading The Flash Firmware

user configuration file (which contains the values set using the
CD Config Menu) is over written with the factory defaults.
You will have to use the CD Config Menu to reset yoursettings.
The Mirage is ready to use again.
If you have updated the Mirage’s Flash prior to changing theMirage’s personality module, do not attempt to use the Mirage.
Turn to “Removing The Personality Module” on page 76.

84

REFERENCE

This page left intentionally blank

86

13

The Mirage Program
The Mirage program (MIRAGE) controls the CD emulation fromthe development host via the SCSI link. It is used instead of, or in
conjunction with, the front panel buttons on the Mirage CD
Emulator itself.
The Mirage program is also used to retrieve the log informationfrom the Mirage Emulator for debugging purposes (for moredetails see “Log Information” beginning on page 115).
This section describes how to invoke the Mirage program anddetails the commands used to start and stop the emulation, fetch
the log information and to simulate opening and closing of thetarget’s CD drive door.
You can also control the emulation directly from the Mirage’s
front panel. See “The Menuing System” beginning on page 61 formore details.
The version of the Mirage program must match the version of theMirage’s firmware that you are using.
For a development PC, there must be an ASPI driver for the PC’s
SCSI card installed for the Mirage’s control program(MIRAGE.EXE) to operate correctly. See your SCSI interface’s
manual for more details.

13.1

Command-line Syntax
The command-line syntax for the Mirage program consists of the
program name followed by one command. The syntax is:
mirage Command
For convenience you only have to use enough of the command
name to make the command unique, but you are recommended touse at least the first three characters for future compatibility.

87The Mirage Program

13.2

Command-line Commands
The Mirage program has five possible commands. Only one
command can be used at a time. The available commands are:
EMULATE; STOP; NUDGE; OPEN; CLOSE; INFO; LOG and
MONITOR.

13.2.1EMULATE
Starts the emulation using the specified CD image (.DSK) or byparsing the .RTI file (on the emulation HD), generating the CD
image on-the-fly.

The EMULATE command is equivalent to selecting the
IMAGE.DSK or IMAGE.RTI file using the Mirage’s front panel
menuing system (for more details see “Front Panel” beginning on
page 57).
The .RTI and .DSK files have been previously built using theCPBUILD program (see “About CPBUILD” on page 93 for moredetails).
The .RTI file has been built from the emulation script. In mostcases, the Mirage CD Emulator is fast enough to be able toemulate directly from an .RTI file without having to build a final
CD image. See “The Scripting Language” on page 97 for more
information on the Mirage’s scripting language.

SyntaxEMULATE=image.dsk
or
EMULATE=script.rti

88

The Mirage Program

PC

Example 1
mirage emulate=\project\game1.dsk

SGmirage emulate=/project/game1.dsk
starts an emulation using the CD image contained in the
GAME1.DSK file in the Project directory on the emulation HD.

PC

Example 2
mirage emulate=\project\game1.rti

SGmirage emulate=/project/game1.rti
starts an emulation using the GAME1.RTI file.

13.2.2

STOP
Stops the current emulation. The STOP command is equivalent topressing the STOP button on the Mirage’s front panel (for moredetails see “Front Panel” beginning on page 57).

Examplemirage stop
13.2.3

NUDGE
Generates a simulated CD access error. NUDGE generates anerror in addition to errors caused by the Error Rate setting.
NUDGE can be used to test any error recovery routines that you
might have included in your software. The MIRAGE program’s
NUDGE command is equivalent to pressing the NUDGE buttonon the front panel. Any errors introduced by using NUDGE arerecorded in the Mirage’s logging information (for more
information on logging see “Log Information” on page 115).

Examplemirage nudge
13.2.4

OPEN
Simulates the CD drive door being opened on the target machine(most targets have a special display which is initiated by the drive
89The Mirage Program

door being opened). The OPEN command is equivalent topressing the DOOR button once on the Mirage front panel. Your
project should be able to recover from the CD door being opened
and should not crash the target.

Examplemirage open
13.2.5

CLOSE
Simulates the CD drive door being closed on the target machine.
The CLOSE command is equivalent to pressing the DOOR buttonon the Mirage front panel when the CD door is open.

Examplemirage close
13.2.6

INFO [>filename]Sends the Mirage’s current configuration information to thescreen and optionally to a specified file. The configuration
includes information on all of the Mirage’s settings. A typicalexample might be:
MIRAGE CD Emulator - Remote Control Software.
Version 1.10a Feb 16 1996 15:45:02.
(C) 1995 Cross Products Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mirage found, on Host Adapter 0, at Target ID 3
Mirage information
Version:Number
110a
Type
ReleaseModel
SATURN
Compile Time
12:28:00
Compile Date
Feb 15 1996
Configuration:MIRAGE ID
DRIVE IDLCD Contrast
Emulation fileSpin up time
Seek Time
Focus Time
Instant Seek
Error Rate
Logging Wrap

90

3
0
8
/DEMO_SD/TUTORIAL.DSK
960
250
75
OFF
0
ON

The Mirage Program

Example 1
mirage info
Sends the current Mirage configuration to the screen.

PC

Example 2
mirage info >C:\project1\info.txt

SGmirage info >/project1/info.txt
Sends the current Mirage configuration to the file ‘info.txt’ in
the Project1 directory on the development host’s HD.

13.2.7

LOG [>filename] [>>filename]Sends the logging information from the last emulation to thescreen; to the named file; or appends the logging information to
the named file. See “Log Information” on page 115 for a detailed
description of the logging information.

Example 1
mirage log
Sends the logging information to the screen.

PC

Example 2
mirage log >C:\project1\log.txt

SG

mirage log >/project1/log.txt
Sends the logging information to the file called ‘log.txt’ in the
Project1 directory on the development host’s HD.

PC

Example 3
mirage log >>C:\project1\all_log.txt

SG

mirage log >>/project1/all_log.txt
Appends the logging information to the file called‘all_log.txt’ in the Project1 directory on thedevelopment host’s HD.

91

The Mirage Program
13.2.8MONITOR[=filename]Starts monitoring the logging information during emulation. The
logging information is sent directly to the development host’s
screen. If a filename is specified, then the logging information is
also saved to that file. For more details on logging information see“Log Information” on page 115.

Example 1
mirage monitor
Shows the logging information in real time on the development
host’s screen during emulation.

PC

Example 2
mirage monitor=C:\project1\log.txt

SG

mirage monitor=/project1/log.txt
Shows the logging information ‘live’ during emulation and thensaves it into the file called ‘log.txt’ in the Project1
directory on the development host’s screen.

13.2.9Built-In Help
The Mirage program also includes a brief built-in help which
gives the syntax of each of the above commands. To view thebuilt-in help type:mirageormirage help

92

14

CPBUILDCPBUILD is used to pre-build and build CD images for use with
the Mirage CD Emulator. CPBUILD can also create the files thatare used by CD Writers to write CD-R discs.
CPBUILD is compatible with the JVC supplied VCD image
building tools available for development PCs. For more details see
the JVC/SEGA Virtual CD System User’s Manual.

14.1

About CPBUILD
You can use CPBUILD to:

14.1.1

Produce An .RTI file From A .SCR FileCPBUILD can be used to convert an .SCR script file into an .RTI
file. An .RTI file is a disc configuration file containing pointers to
the various files which will make up your final CD project. A
Primary Volume Descriptor (.PVD) file which is used during
emulation is also created.
The process of converting an .SCR file into an .RTI file takes only
a few seconds. The Mirage can emulate directly from an .RTI file.
For more details on script files see “The Scripting Language” onpage 97.

14.1.2

Build A Complete Disc ImageCPBUILD can build a complete CD image file (.DSK), a discconfiguration file (.RTI), a Primary Volume Descriptor file (.PVD)
and a Table Of Contents file (.TOC) from an .SCR file. These four
files can then be used for emulation or to write a CD-R disc using
a CD Writer.
It is not necessary to build a .DSK if you connect a supported CD
Writer directly to the Mirage. See “Writing A CD-R Disc” on page
49 for more details.

93

CPBUILD

14.2

Command Line Syntax
CPBUILD has the following syntax:
cpbuild script.scr [switch]where script.scr is the name of the script file to be used to create
the disc configuration file (.RTI). CPBUILD’s default fileextension is .SCR. The .RTI file has the same name as the .SCR
file. When creating the .RTI file, CPBUILD checks the validity ofthe script and will generate error message(s) if the .SCR file does
not exist or does not contain a valid script.
CPBUILD searches for the files which make up the CD in threeplaces, in the following order of preference:
1. In the path defined using the -s switch
2. In the path defined by the CPBUILD environment variable
3. In the script’s path

14.2.1

Switches
The following switches are available:-b
By default CPBUILD creates only .RTI and .PVD files from thescript (.SCR) file. These files can then be used for emulation by theMirage. The -b switch is used to build a complete disc image file(.DSK). This file can be used for emulation or with a .TOC file toburn a gold disc (see “-t” on page 95 for more details). This build
process can take a considerable time depending on the complexityof the disc image being built.
If you wish to write CD-R discs during your project, you must use
a Yamaha CDR-100 with version 1.08 firmware or later to becompatible with a Saturn target.

94

CPBUILD-lext
The -l switch lets you specify a non-default error message file. For
example, if an error message file is available in another language,
you can tell CPBUILD to use it with the -l switch and the extentionof the error messages file. CPBUILD’s default English language
error messages are stored in a file called CPBERR.ENG.
-n
By default CPBUILD displays a copyright message every timethat it is executed. Use the -n switch to suppress this message.
-opathBy default CPBUILD places all outputted files (.RTI, .DSK, .TOC
and .PVD) into the current directory. Use the -o switch to re-direct
this output to another directory. The -o switch overrides any path
included in the script’s DISC line.
-spathThe -s switch lets you specify the directory where source files
referenced in the script are stored. See “Command Line Syntax”
on page 94 for more details.
-tCreates a table of contents file (.TOC). This file is then used withthe .DSK disc image file by a CD Writer to write a CD-R disc.
-v
Use the -v switch if you wish to see the name of the file that it iscurrently processing. By default, during the disc image build
process (using the -b switch) CPBUILD does not show its
progress.
-h
Use this switch to display useage information and the version andcopyright details of the version of CPBUILD that you have.

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CPBUILD

14.3

CPBUILD Error Messages
For a list of CPBUILD’s error messages and their meaning, see“CPBUILD Errors Messages” on page 131.

14.4
PC

Examplescpbuild test.scr -oE:\takes the script file called TEST.SCR in the current directory,
checks its contents for errors and then creates a disc configuration
file called TEST.RTI in the root directory of drive E:.

PC

cpbuild test.scr -s\project1 -oD:\ -b -v -t
takes the file TEST.SCR and its source files (in the PC’s HD’s
\PROJECT1 directory) and outputs four files to the root directoryon the D: drive: TEST.DSK containing the complete image of thefinished CD disc; TEST.RTI, the disc configuration file for thecompleted CD disc; TEST.PVD, the Primary Volume Descriptor
file and TEST.TOC, the table of contents file used when burning agold disc. The output file name can be different from the input.SCR file if it is specified in the DISC command at the start of thescript file. The name of the file being worked on is displayed
during the disc image build process.

SG

cpbuild test.scr -o/mirage -b -ljap
takes the file TEST.SCR in the current directory and outputs three
files to /mirage: TEST.DSK containing the complete image of thefinished CD disc; TEST.RTI, the disc configuration file for thecompleted CD disc and TEST.PVD, the Primary Volume
Descriptor file. The output file name can be different from the
input .SCR file if it is specified in the DISC command at the startof the script file. Uses the error messages stored in the file called
CPBERR.JAP (in other words, the error messages are in
Japanese).

96

15

The Scripting Language
This section introduces you to the scripts which are parsed by
CPBUILD to make the .RTI and .DSK files used for emulation
and CD-R disc writing. The scripting language consists of anumber of commands which may or may not have parameters andwhich must be used in a certain order in a script.
This section will show you the commands and their syntax andthen show you several example scripts in detail.
The scripting language parameters are case sensitive.

15.1

Command Parameters
Before looking at the scripting commands in detail, it is necessary
to define the format of the most common parameters:d-type Characters
Part of the ISO 9660 definitions, d-type characters are A-Z
inclusive, 0-9 inclusive and underscore ‘_’.
a-type Characters
Part of the ISO 9660 definitions, a-type characters are:
A-Z
_
+
!
%
>
‘
(
/
.

(inclusive)
underscoreplus
exclamation
percent
dash
greater thansingle quote
left parenthesis
space
forward slash
period/full stop

0-9
*
?
;
&
=
<
“
)
,
:

(inclusive)astericks
question marksemi-colon
ampersandequalslesser thandouble quote
right parenthesis
comma
colon

97

The Scripting Language

ISO9660 File Names
The format for ISO9660 file names is similar to standard DOS
format file and directory names with a version number tagged onafter a semi colon. The format is AAAAAAAA.XXX;N where N
is a version number which can be any number from 1 to 32767. If
no version number is specified, 0 is used. The characters used in
the name and extension must be from the ISO9660 d characters
list.
ISO9660 Directory Names
The format for ISO9660 directory names is similar to that for
ISO9660 file names, but without the extension and version
number.
Relative Position In Sessions
Relative position in sessions is written as mm:ss:ff where ff is thenumber of frames. 00:00:00 is the position immediately after
where the lead-in ends. In the CD image, the relative position ischanged to an actual address.
Relative Position In Files
Relative position in files is written as mm:ss:ff where ff is thenumber of frames. 00:00:00 is the start of the file.
Dates
Dates are recorded with a time stamp included in DD/MM/YYYY
hh:mm:ss:cc:gg format where cc is 100ths of a second and gg isthe difference with Greenwich Standard Time in 15 minuteintervals from -48 (West) to +52 (East).

15.2

Scripting Commands And Their Syntax
The commands which make up the Mirage’s scripting language
are described below. These commands must be used in a certain
order which can be seen in more detail in “Example Script” onpage 111.

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The Scripting Language

The commands must be typed exactly as shown below. Optionalparameters are shown in square brackets.
15.2.1Disc Definition Commands
Include filename
Filename is the name of another script file to include.
Disc filename
The start of the disc definition where filename is the name of the.DSK file which is outputted. filename can also include a pathname where the .DSK will be stored. This is overridden by a path
specified with CPBUILD’s -o switch. A disc definition must end
with an EndDisc command. Although a disc might have more than
one session, a script can only define one disc. For a Saturn target,
multi-session discs are not supported.
EndDisc
The end of the disc definition.
Session disctype [filename]
The start of a session definition. disctype is the session type which
can be CDROM (for CD-ROMs and CD-DA discs), CDI (forCD-i discs) or ROMXA (for CD-ROM XA discs). filename is thename, in ISO9660 format, of the optional file which will be
written and will only contain this session (similar to a full .DSK).
A session definition must end with an EndSession command.
Sessions begin with a lead-in followed immediately by:•

A system area•

Volume description commands•

One or more tracks

and•A lead-out

There can be a total of 99 tracks on a disc of various types
99

The Scripting Language(MODE0, MODE1, MODE2, CDDA). A disc must have at least
one session.
CatalogNo number
The catalog number of the disc. You should try to make this aunique number for your disc. number is a decimal number of 13 or
fewer digits. For a Saturn target this number is obtainable fromSega.
EndSession
Marks the end of a session.
LeadIn typeThe start of the lead in definition for a particular session. type isthe type of data in the session and can be CDDA (for audio),
MODE0, MODE1 or MODE2.
EndLeadIn
Marks the end of the lead in definition for a particular session.
LeadOut typeThe end of the lead out definition for a particular session. type isthe type of data in the session and can be CDDA (for audio),
MODE0, MODE1 or MODE2. type must be the same as for thelead in.
EndLeadOut
Marks the end of the lead out definition for a particular session.
Track typeMarks the start of a track definition where type is the type of track
to be written. Valid types are CDDA (for audio), MODE0,
MODE1 or MODE2. Up to 99 tracks can be defined and they are
written in the order in which they appear in the script. A Trackcommand must be followed by the commands that detail the exact
layout and contents of the track. See “Directory Commands” onpage 106 for more details.

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The Scripting Language

EndTrack
Marks the end of the track definition.
SystemArea filename
Defines the System Area of an ISO9660 volume. filename is thedate file for the system area. This is usually ‘IP.BIN’ for a Saturntarget.
Empty number
Specifies the number of blocks of null data (0x00) to be written.
number is the number of blocks. Normally used to place a buffer
area in a lead-out to stop the CD player reading past the end of the
track. Empty should only be used in a Lead Out.
15.2.2

Track Commands
Tracks are laid down on the disc in the same order that they aredefined in the script. The following commands are used between
Track and EndTrack commands:
Volume volumetype filename
The start of the volume description. volumetype is the type ofvolume which is usually ‘ISO9660’ and filename is the name of
the .PVD file which is to be used to store the volume description.
A Volume command is usually followed by certain commands
which define the layout and contents of the volume. See “Volume
Commands” on page 103 for more details.
EndVolume
Marks the end of the volume description.
File name [output]
The start of a file definition where name is the name of the file in
ISO9660 format and output is the name of the outputted file if thisis different from the inputted file.
EndFileThe end of the file definition.
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The Scripting Language

Pause number
Defines the number of blocks paused at the beginning of the track.
number is the number of blocks. When this command is not used
there is no pause and data access begins immediately. The normal
pause is about 2 seconds which is 150 blocks. Pause applies to
CDDA discs only.
PreGap number
Defines the number of pre-gap information blocks recorded at the
beginning of a track. number is the number of blocks.
PostGap number
Defines the number of post-gap information blocks recorded at theend of a track. number is the number of blocks.
Directory name
Beginning of the directory definition. name is in ISO9660 format.
Multiple Directory commands can be nested to give a hierarchicaldirectory structure. See “Directory Commands” on page 106 fordetails on the commands used between Directory and
EndDirectory commands.
EndDirectory
End of the directory definition.
PreEmphasis switch
Specifies whether the preemphasis bit of the Q subcode channel ison or off. If switch is TRUE then the bit is on and if it is FALSE,
the bit is off. The default for the preemphasis bit is off.
Channels number
Only valid when the track is a CDDA (audio) type. Specifies
whether the track will have two or four channels. number is thenumber of channels ie 2 or 4. The default value is 2.
Copy switch
Only valid when the track type is CDDA (audio). Specifies
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The Scripting Language

whether digital copying of the track is allowed. If switch is TRUE
then copying is permitted. The default is FALSE.
15.2.3

Volume Commands
The following commands can be used only within a volume
definition ie between Volume and EndVolume commands.
PrimaryVolume relposition
Marks the start of the primary volume description. relposition is
the position on the disc where this volume is stored. If relpositionis omitted the volume is stored at the next free space on the disc.
EndPrimaryVolume
Marks the end of the primary volume definition.
SupplementaryVolume relposition
Start of a supplementary volume definition. relposition is the
position on the disc where the supplementary volume is recorded.
If relposition is omitted the volume is stored at the next free spaceon the disc.
EndSupplementaryVolume
Marks the end of a supplementary volume definition.
VolumePartition relposition
Marks the start of a volume partition definition. relposition is the
position on the disc where the volume partition is recorded. If
relposition is omitted the volume is stored at the next free space on
the disc.
EndVolumePartition
Marks the end of a volume partition statement record.
BootRecord relposition
Marks the start of a boot record. relposition is the position on thedisc where the boot record is recorded. If relposition is omitted thevolume is stored at the next free space on the disc.

103

The Scripting Language

EndBootRecord
Marks the end of a boot record.
DescriptorWrites noofoutputs
Defines the number of outputs in the particular volume statement
record. noofoutputs is the number of outputs.
SystemIdentifier nameDefines the system identifier name. name is a text string
specifying the name of the target system. name must be enclosed
in double quotes and not exceed 32 characters in length.
VolumeIndentifier nameDefines the volume identifier name. name is a text string enclosed
in double quotes and must not exceed 32 characters in length.
VolumePartitionIndentifier nameDefines the volume partition identifier name. name is a text string
enclosed in double quotes and must not exceed 32 characters inlength.
LogicalBlockSize size
Defines the logical block size of the volume. size can be 512, 1024
or 2048. If this command is not used, the logical block size
defaults to 2,048.
LPath
Writes an LPath descriptor to the disc. LPath is a directory
structure of the disc and is part of the ISO9660 definition.
MPath
Writes an MPath descriptor to the disc. MPath is a directory
structure of the disc and is part of the ISO9660 definition.
OptionalLPath
Writes an optional LPath descriptor to the disc. The optional
LPath is a directory structure of the disc and is part of the ISO9660
104

The Scripting Language

definition.
OptionalMPath
Writes an optional MPath descriptor to the disc. The Optional
MPath is a directory structure of the disc and is part of the
ISO9660 definition.
VolumeSetIndentifier nameDefines the volume set identifier. name is a text string enclosed indouble quotes and must not exceed 128 characters in length.
PublisherIdentifier nameDefines the publisher identifier. name is a text string specifying thename of the disc’s publisher. name must be enclosed in double
quotes and not exceed 128 characters in length.
DataPreparerIdentifier nameDefines the data preparer identifier. name is a text string
specifying the name of the disc’s author. name must be enclosed
in double quotes and not exceed 128 characters in length.
ApplicationIdentifier nameDefines the application identifier. name is a text string specifying
the name of the disc’s application. name must be enclosed indouble quotes and not exceed 128 characters in length.
BootIdentifier nameDefines the boot identifier. name is a text string enclosed in double
quotes and not exceed 32 characters in length.
CopyrightFileIdentifier nameDefines the name of the file in the primary volume root directory
which contains the copyright information. name is a text string
specifying the name of the file in the root directory containing thedisc’s copyright information. name must be enclosed in double
quotes and not exceed 37 characters in length.

105

The Scripting Language

AbstractFileIdentifier nameDefines the file in the primary volume root directory whichcontains the disc’s summary information. name is a text string
specifying the name of the file in the root directory containing theabstract file information. name must be enclosed in double quotes
and not exceed 37 characters in length.
BibliographicFileIdentifier nameDefines the file in the primary volume root directory whichcontains the disc’s bibliographic information. name is a text string
specifying the name of the file in the root directory containing thedisc’s bibliographic information. name must be enclosed in double
quotes and not exceed 37 characters in length.
VolumeCreationDate dateSpecifies the date of creation.
VolumeModificationDate dateSpecifies the date of the most recent modification.
VolumeExpirationDate dateSpecifies the date of expiration of the volume.
VolumeEffectiveDate dateSpecifies the start date of the volume.
ApplicationUse namename is the file to store in the Application Use area on the disc.
15.2.4

Directory Commands
The following commands are used to set up directories on the CD
and are used between Directory and EndDirectory commands:
Attributes attribute
Specifies the attributes for the directory. attribute is HIDDEN (fora hidden directory), NOHIDDEN (for a visible directory),
RECORD or NORECORD. The default is NOHIDDEN.

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The Scripting Language

MinLength number
Defines the minimum length of a directory entry in this directory.
number is a length in bytes.
15.2.5File Commands
The following commands are used to set up and arrange files on
the disc:
RecordingDate date
Date that the file was recorded. date is date format. If thiscommand is not specified, then the date of CD image creation is
used.
FileSource name
The beginning of a file source definition. name is the name of thesource file in ISO9660 format. For more details of the commands
used in a FileSource definition see “File Source Commands” onpage 109.
EndFileSource
End of file source definition.
Trigger relposition
Defines the length of time that the trigger is applied measured
from the start of the file. relposition is the position relative to thestart of the file to apply the trigger to.
Eors relposition
Defines the position of the End Of Record measured from the startof the file. relposition is the position relative to the start of the filewhere the End Of Record is placed.
FileNo filenumber
The ISO9660 file number. filenumber is the file number in thesubheader in MODE2 track files (0-255).

107

The Scripting Language

SectorRate sector
Defines the actual number of frames per second on the CD when
the file is transferred. sector is the number of frames per second innumeric format. The default is 150 frames/sec. Only values of 75
and 150 are valid.
AutoEOR
Records an End Of Record (EOR) in the sub header of the sector
which contains the final byte of the file.
RealTime
Indicates that the file source is a real time file.
Channel chnumber
The start of a channel definition. chnumber is the number of achannel in the subheader in MODE2 track files (0-255).
EndChannel
End of the channel definition.
15.2.6File Interleave Commands
File interleave files are defined between Extent and EndExtent
commands.
Extent relposition
The start of a file interleave definition. relposition is relative
position within the session. If relposition is omitted the volume isstored at the next free space on the disc.
EndExtent
The end of a file interleave definition.
FileInterleave unitsize gapsizeStart of a specification of a file that interleaves files. unitsize is thenumber of sectors to record and gapsize is the number of sectors
to skip. For example a unitsize of 1 and gapsize of 1 means that thefile will be stored a record of 1 sector followed by a gap of 1 sector.

108

The Scripting Language

EndFileInterleave
The end of the specification of a file that interleaves files.
BeginTimeE relposition
The start position of the file in the Extent. relposition is the
position relative to the Extent start.
EndTimeE relposition
The end position of the file in the Extent. relposition is the position
relative to the Extent start.
BeginTimeF relposition
The start position of the file in the Extent. relposition is the
position relative to the start of the file for channel interleaving.
EndTimeF relposition
The end position of the file in the Extent. relposition is the position
relative to the start of the file for channel interleaving.
15.2.7File Source Commands
The following commands are used between FileSource andEndFileSource lines to define where the various files are stored
and what format they are in:
SourceType typeThe data type of the source file. type can be MONO_A,
MONO_B, MONO_C, STEREO_A, STEREO_B, STEREO_C,
CDDA, VIDEO, DATA or ISO1172.
UnitSize size
The size of a unit for channel interleaving. size is the unit size insectors. If this command is not used, then interleave is not
performed.
GapSize size
The size of a gap in channel interleaving. size is the gap size insectors.
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The Scripting Language

Pack
Specifies file packing after channel interleaving.
SubHeaderSpecifies that a subheader has already been added to the file data.
Omit this command to indicate that no subheader is to be added.
Offset position length
Specifies the part of the input file to input. position is the position
to start inputting from in bytes and length is the number of bytes
to read.
DataType typeSpecifies the data type for MODE 2 source data. type is either
FORM1 or FORM2.
Reallocation
Relocates the file that is already stored in the specified locationand saves the specified file.
CodingInformation value
Writes a byte in the Subheader that defines the information locatedin the sector’s data area. Part of the Green Book definition.
15.2.8Hard Error Command
The following command will place a hard error in your .RTI file.
You can use this to test file error redundancy routines in yourproject:
HardError relposition [number]where relposition is the position relative to the start of the file tostart placing corrupt sectors and number is the number of sectors
to make corrupt. If number is omitted, then one corrupt sector iswritten.

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The Scripting Language

15.3

Comments In Scripts
Comments can be added to scripts by placing them at the end of aline and preceeding them with a semi-colon ‘;’.

15.4

Example Script
Below is an example script. This script contains an example of allof the scripting language’s commands and their useage.
For an example of a simpler script see the tutorial script(TUTORIAL.SCR) which is supplied on the Mirage’s internal
HD.
The file names referenced in the following script are for example
purposes only.
Disc "TEST.DSK"; Define Session 1
CatalogNo 123
Session ROMXA
LeadIn MODE1
EndLeadIn
SystemArea ip.bin
Track MODE1
PreGap 100
Volume ISO9660 TEST6.PVD
PrimaryVolume 0:2:16
SystemIdentifier "SEGA DISC SYSTEM"
VolumeIdentifier "CROSS_PRODUCTS_TEST_BUILD"
VolumeSetIdentifier "CROSS_PRODUCTS_TEST_BUILD"
PublisherIdentifier "CROSS PRODUCTS"
DataPreparerIdentifier "CROSS PRODUCTS"
ApplicationIdentifier "CPBUILD"
CopyrightFileIdentifier "CPYFILE.TXT"
AbstractFileIdentifier "ABSFILE.TXT"
BibliographicFileIdentifier "BIBFILE.TXT"
VolumeCreationDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
VolumeExpirationDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
VolumeEffectiveDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
VolumeModificationDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
LogicalBlockSize 512
ApplicationUse test3.pvd
MPath
LPath
OptionalMPath
OptionalLPath
DescriptorWrites 1
EndPrimaryVolume111

The Scripting Language

SupplementaryVolume 0:2:16
SystemIdentifier "SEGA DISC SYSTEM"
VolumeIdentifier "CROSS_PRODUCTS_TEST_BUILD"
VolumeSetIdentifier "CROSS_PRODUCTS_TEST_BUILD"
PublisherIdentifier "CROSS PRODUCTS"
DataPreparerIdentifier "CROSS PRODUCTS"
ApplicationIdentifier "CPBUILD"
CopyrightFileIdentifier "CPYFILE.TXT"
AbstractFileIdentifier "ABSFILE.TXT"
BibliographicFileIdentifier "BIBFILE.TXT"
VolumeCreationDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
VolumeExpirationDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
VolumeEffectiveDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
VolumeModificationDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
LogicalBlockSize 512
ApplicationUse test3.pvd
MPath
LPath
OptionalMPath
OptionalLPath
EndSupplementaryVolume
VolumePartition 0:2:16
VolumePartitionIdentifier "CROSS_PRODUCTS"
EndVolumePartition
BootRecord 0:2:16
BootIdentifier "CROSS_PRODUCTS"
EndBootRecord
EndVolume
File 0HardError 2 4
Attributes NOHIDDEN
RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
FileSource test3.pvd
EndFileSource
EndFile; This creates a set of interleaved files
Extent 0:2:20
FileInterleave 1 2File T9.BIN
BeginTimeE 0:0:0
RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
FileSource test3.pvd
EndFileSource
EndFileEndFileInterleave
FileInterleave 1 2File T19.BIN
BeginTimeE 0:0:2
RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
FileSource test3.pvd
EndFileSource
EndFileEndFileInterleave
FileInterleave 1 2File T191.BIN
BeginTimeE 0:0:1

112

The Scripting Language

RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
FileSource test3.pvd
EndFileSource
EndFileEndFileInterleave
EndExtent
Directory FRED
File T2.BIN
Attributes NOHIDDEN
RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
FileSource test3.pvd
EndFileSource
FileSource test3.pvd
EndFileSource
EndFileEndDirectory
EndTrack
Track MODE2
PreGap 100
File T15.BIN
RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
FileNo 1
FileSource test3.pvd
AutoEor
RealTime
DataType FORM2
SubHeader
CodingInformation 170
Offset 20 100
SourceType VIDEO
EndFileSource
Trigger 0:0:4
Eors0:1:55
SectorRate 150
EndFileFile JM.BIN
RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
FileSource test3.pvd
EndFileSource
EndFileEndTrack
Track MODE2
PreGap 100; This creates a channel interleaved file
; The file created will be stored thus:;; 2 sectors of channel 0 followed by 1 sector of channel 1 followed; by 1 sector of channel 2, then 2 of channel 0 and so on.
;File T152.BIN
RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
Channel 1

113

The Scripting Language

FileSource test2.pvd
BeginTimeF 0:0:2
UnitSize 1
GapSize3
EndFileSource
Reallocation
EndChannel
Channel 2
FileSource test3.pvd
BeginTimeF 0:0:3
UnitSize 1
GapSize3
EndFileSource
EndChannel
Channel 0
FileSource test1.pvd
BeginTimeF 0:0:0
UnitSize 2
GapSize2
EndFileSource
EndChannel
Pack
Minlength 200
EndFileEndTrack
Track CDDA
Pause 150
PreEmphasis TRUE
Channels 4
Copy TRUE
File T140.BIN
RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
FileSource candy15.wav
EndFileSource
EndFileEndTrack
Track CDDA
File T130.BIN
RecordingDate 1/10/95 00:00:00:00:00
FileSource c7.bin
EndFileSource
EndFileEndTrack
LeadOut CDDA
Empty 400
EndLeadOut
EndSession
EndDisc114

16

Log Information
During emulation and CD-R disc writing the Mirage records
information about each event. You can use this information to
analyse the efficiency of your project’s CD or to discover why
your project or CD-R disc write is not operating correctly.
Four types of entries are recorded in the emulation log:•

typical entries which show requests from the target;•

errors which occurred during emulation;•other one-off events such as Emulation Start;

and•events and errors which occur during the writing of a CD-R
disc.

Other useful post-emulation information can be found in the .RTI
file created by the CPBUILD program. The .RTI file is in text
format and contains details of the layout of your project’s CD.
This information allows you to check that your script file has beenparsed correctly by CPBUILD.
For more details of .RTI files see “CPBUILD” on page 93.

16.1

How To Retrieve Log Information
The Mirage’s log information can be retrieved by using theMirage program’s Log or Monitor commands.
For more information on the Mirage program’s log retrieval
commands see “The Mirage Program” on page 87.

115

Log Information

16.2

A Typical Log Entry
Seek Time(in ms)Name Of Filerequested by target
Absolute Sector
in decimalTime Through Emulation(Hours:Mins:Seconds:1/100 Seconds)

HH:MM:SS.00 PLAYX2 FILENAME.AAA

Access Moderequested by target$FFFFFF 000000 MM:SS.FF 0000ms

Absolute Sector
in HexTime Through Disc
(Mins:Seconds:Frames)

Figure 16-1: The Syntax Of A Typical Entry In The Log

Each standard entry in the log contains the following:
16.2.1Time Through Emulation
This is a time stamp for emulation events starting at the beginningof the emulation and is measured in hours; minutes; seconds andhundreths of seconds.

16.2.2

Access Mode
This shows the access mode requested by the target and is the sameas is displayed on the Mirage’s front panel during emulation. The
possible access modes are: PLAYX1; PLAYX2; PLAYX4;
PAUSEX1; PAUSEX2; PAUSEX4; SEEKX1; SEEKX2;SEEKX4; STOP and PLAYTOC.

Although the Mirage can emulate CDs at quad speed, a Saturntarget’s CD mechanism can only operate at single or double speed.
Therefore a Mirage with a Saturn personality module fitted will
not emulate a quad speed CD.
16.2.3116

Name Of File
The name of the file which contains the position on the discrequested by the target. Shows the actual file name even if
emulating from a disc image (.DSK) file.

Log Information
16.2.4Absolute Sector In Hex
The position on the CD requested by the target shown in Hex as an
absolute sector.

16.2.5Absolute Sector In Decimal
The position on the CD requested by the target shown in Decimalas an absolute sector.

16.2.6Time Through DiscThe position on the CD requested by the target shown as timethrough disc in Minutes, Seconds and Frames.

16.2.7

Seek TimeThe time taken for the simulated CD mechanism’s laser to reachthe requested position on the disc in milliseconds (ms).

You can improve the performance of your CD projects by placing
often-used files closer together on your disc and therefore
reducing the seek time between them.

16.3

How Emulation Errors Are Displayed
The emulation log also shows you when errors occurred during
emulation. Errors can come from one of three sources:

16.3.1

Nudge
Errors caused by the Mirage program’s Nudge command or by the
Nudge button are shown in the log as:

HH:MM:SS.00

NUDGE @ $FFFFFF 000000

where $FFFFFF is the absolute sector in Hex and 000000 is theabsolute sector in Decimal which was being accessed when theerror was introduced.
For more information on the Mirage program’s Nudge commandsee “NUDGE” on page 89.
16.3.2The Mirage’s Error Rate Setting
Errors which occur because of the user-defined error rate setting
are shown in the log as:117

Log Information

HH:MM:SS.00

ERROR @ $FFFFFF 000000

where $FFFFFF is the absolute sector in Hex and 000000 is theabsolute sector in Decimal which was being accessed when theerror was introduced.
For more information on the error rate setting see “The CD Config
Menu” on page 65.
16.3.3Compromised Emulation
Errors which occur because of the emulation being compromised
are shown in the log as:

HH:MM:SS.00

COMPROMISED @ $FFFFFF 000000

where $FFFFFF is the absolute sector in Hex and 000000 is theabsolute sector in Decimal which was being accessed when theerror was introduced.
This error shows that the files on the emulation HD are too
fragmented for the Mirage to emulate from them or that thedevelopment host has accessed the emulation HD too frequently.
Use a DOS compatible disk utility, such as Norton Utilities orDefrag, to defragment the emulation HD.

16.4

Other Emulation Log Entries
The emulation log also displays the following messages regarding
other emulation events:
00:00:00.00

START EMULATION WITH filename

where filename is the name of the .RTI or .DSK file that theuser requested for emulation. This is always the first event in an
emulation log and therefore has a time stamp of zero.
HH:MM:SS.00

DOOR OPEN

The DOOR button or DOOR command was used to simulate thetarget’s door being opened.
HH:MM:SS.00

DOOR CLOSEDThe DOOR button or DOOR command was used to simulate the118Log Information

target’s door being closed.
HH:MM:SS.00

STOP EMULATION reason

where reason can be:
REMOTE STOPThe Mirage program’s STOP command was used to halt theemulation.
STOP BUTTON PRESSEDThe Mirage’s STOP button was used to halt the emulation.
DEVELOPMENT HOST ACCESS
Read or write access by the development host caused theemulation to halt.
SATURN NOT RESPONDING
The emulation halted because the Saturn did not respond.
HH:MM:SS.00 DEVELOPMENT HOST ACCESS READ/WRITE 000 ###where 000 is the logical block in decimal and ### is the numberof logical blocks accessed by the development host.
This is sometimes followed by a COMPROMISED entry in thelog. You can use this entry in the log to determine if thedevelopment host is affecting your project’s emulation
performance.

16.5

CD-R Disc Writing Log Entries
The Mirage also records information when a CD-R disc is being
written directly from the Mirage using a CD Writer. Log entries
specific to CD-R disc writing are (in the order in which they
appear):
HH:MM:SS.00

Waiting for user input- See Mirage LCD

The Mirage was instructed to start a CD-R disc write and waited
for the user to confirm the operation before commencing. This isalways the first event in a CD-R disc writing log.
119Log Information

HH:MM:SS.00

Host access disabled

Access from the development host was disabled. This is to preventthe development host from disrupting the CD-R disc write.
HH:MM:SS.00

Writing at XS speed

where XS is the write speed requested using the front panel Write
Speed command.
The Mirage started to write data to the CD-R disc.
HH:MM:SS.00

On CD-Writer YAMAHA CDR102(SCSI ID: X)

The name and ID of the CD Writer. Where YAMAHA CDR102 is
the type of CD Writer detected on the Mirage’s Expansion SCSI
bus and X is its SCSI ID.
HH:MM:SS.00

Medium removal disabled

The Eject button on the front of the CD Writer was disabled so thatthe disc could not be ejected during the writing of data.
HH:MM:SS.00

Writing LEADIN

The LeadIn was written to the disc. This can take several minutes
depending upon the type and amount of data being written.
HH:MM:SS.00

Writing DATA - total data write
time: MM mins SS secs

where MM mins SS secs is the total time taken for the data to
be written to the CD-R disc.
If all of the data is written to the disc, then the next log entry will
occur after this time.
HH:MM:SS.00

Writing LEADOUT

The LeadOut was written to the disc. This can take several minutes
depending upon the type and amount of data being written.
HH:MM:SS.00

Medium removal enabled

The Eject button on the front of the CD Writer was enabled.

120

Log Information

HH:MM:SS.00

Ejecting medium...

The CD-R disc was ejected from the drive.
HH:MM:SS.00

Completed write successfully

The writing of the CD-R disc was completed successfully.
HH:MM:SS.00

Host access enabled

Access from the development host was enabled.
HH:MM:SS.00

Aborted Write reason

where reason can be:
User Request
The Mirage’s STOP button was used to halt the CD-R discwrite.
Buffer Under Run
The data rate required for a successful CD-R disc write could
not be sustained.
Internal Error
The Mirage reported an internal error.
Unknown Error
The CD Writer reported an unknown error.
In all of CD-R disc writing logging entries, ‘WRITE’ will be
replaced with ‘TEST’ during a test write. See “Writing A CD-R
Disc” on page 49 for more details on testing a write to a CD-R
disc.

16.6

Log Options From The Front Panel
By default, the emulation log can hold up to 2,048 entries before
it wraps around and starts to overwrite entries at the start of thelog.
If you wish to log only the first 2,048 emulation events, you can
121

Log Information

do so by turning the log wrapping off by using the LOG WRAP
command from the CONFIG menu on the Mirage’s front panel.
See “The Config Menu” on page 64 for more details on wrap
around.

122

17TroubleshootingThis section describes possible problems that you might have
while using the Mirage, and their solutions. If you discover anerror message or problem which is not listed in the following
pages, please contact Technical Support. See “Technical Support”
on page 4 for contact details.
This section is as up to date as possible at the time of going toprint. If you are still experiencing difficulties after reading thissection, please see the README file on the Mirage disk or CD
and the Release Notes for further information. If this fails toresolve your query, please contact our Technical Support.

17.1

Mirage Hardware
If the LCD panel does not display anything and the YELLOW
LED does not flash at power on, but you can hear the fan running,then the Mirage hardware has failed. You should contact the
supplier of your Mirage immediately.
If you cannot hear the fan running then the Mirage’s plug orinternal fuse may have blown. The internal fuse can be replacedby removing the small plate above the power socket on the rear of
the Mirage. Replace this fuse with one of the same type. See (D)on Figure 2-1 on page 12 for the position of the power socket.

17.2

Start Up Errors
Start up errors can be displayed on the Mirage’s front panel or if
the Mirage fails before it has initialised the LCD display then the
YELLOW LED at the top left of the Mirage’s front flashes:Flashes

Meaning

1

Processor running. The LCD panel may be faulty.

2

SDRAM failed. Contact your Mirage supplier.

3

Xilinx failed. Contact your Mirage supplier.

Troubleshooting - Start Up Errors

If the light does not flash and the LCD panel is able to be used thenthe following errors may be displayed on the LCD display:
CONFIG FAIL
USING DEFAULTS

This will happen after the Mirage’s Flash has been re-written andis normal behaviour (See “Upgrading The Flash Firmware” onpage 81 for more details on Flash re-writing).
CONFIG FAILCONTACT SUPPLIER

The Mirage’s configuration RAM has failed. Call the supplier ofyour Mirage for more details.
EXTERNAL SCSIINIT ERRORThe Mirage is not connected to the computer. If the Mirage isconnected to the computer, then power off the Mirage and checkthat it is properly connected. If you find that you have not firmly
connected the SCSI cables, you should turn off the Mirage before
re-connecting them. Also check that the Mirage’s slide mount iscorrectly seated. If the Mirage is being used without a computer(standalone) and is properly terminated then this message will notappear. If the computer is connected, but not switched on then thismessage will be seen on some systems.
EXPANSION SCSIINIT ERRORThe Mirage has been unable to initialise its expansion SCSI bus.
Emulation will not be possible. Check that the Expansion Port on
the rear of the Mirage is connected to a device or is terminated.
Contact the supplier of your Mirage for more details.

124Troubleshooting - Disk And General Errors

17.3

Disk And General Errors
At any time during emulation, file selection or computer access,the Mirage may display one of the following messages:
DRIVE 00
NOT DOS FORMATThe emulation HD (chosen using the DRIVE ID setting) does notappear to be correctly formatted or is corrupt. Use DOS
compatible disk tools such as CHKDSK or SCANDISK from a PC
to examine and repair the emulation HD. You can format it using
the standard DOS or Windows format from a PC (DOS 5 orabove).

If this message appears when the computer tries to access theMirage, then the Mirage’s internal cables might have beenloosened in shipping. Remove the Mirage’s case top and gently
push each visible ribbon cable into its socket. For more details on
opening the Mirage see “Removing The Personality Module” onpage 76.
DISK ERRORNo Response

The emulation HD (defined using the DRIVE ID setting) is not
responding. Check that you have set DRIVE ID to the correct
drive, the drive is powered on and that all cabling is secure.
DISK ERROR
Unknown

The Mirage has been unable to read a file for an unknown reason.
Contact the supplier of your Mirage for more details.
DISK ERROR
Bad Start

The Mirage couldn’t start the emulation HD. Turn off the Mirageand check that the emulation HD is powered on and that all cablingis secure.

125Troubleshooting - Disk And General Errors
DISK ERROR
Read Fail

The Mirage was unable to read data from the emulation HD. Turn
off the Mirage and check that the emulation is powered on and that
all cabling is secure.
DISK ERROR
Write Fail

Turn off the Mirage and check that the emulation is powered on
and that all cabling is secure.
DISK ERROR
Verify Fail

The Mirage was unable to verify a read from or write to theemulation HD. Turn off the Mirage and check that the emulationis powered on and that all cabling is secure.
DISK ERROR
Bad Filename

The Mirage has been unable to find the .RTI or .DSK file requested
for emulation. This usually occurs when you have moved a file on
the emulation HD, but are trying to emulate from that file in its old
location.
DISK ERROR
Bad Cluster

The emulation HD’s FAT is damaged. Use a DOS compatible disk
repair utility such as Defrag from a PC. If this occurs on a regularbasis, the HD may be faulty or the SCSI cabling from thecomputer to the Mirage or inside the Mirage or HD might bedamaged.

126

Troubleshooting - Disk And General Errors
DISK ERROR
File Not Found

The Mirage has been unable to find the .RTI or .DSK file requested
for emulation. This usually occurs when you have moved a file on
the emulation HD, but are trying to emulate from that file in its old
location.
DISK ERROR
Too Frag

The files on the emulation HD are too fragmented for the Mirage
to emulate from them. Use a DOS compatible disk utility such as
Defrag from a PC to defragment the emulation HD.
TOO MANY FILESFRAGMENTS

The files on the emulation HD are too fragmented for the Mirage
to emulate from them. Use a DOS Compatible disk utility such as
Defrag from a PC to defragment the emulation HD.
MORE THAN 4096
EMULATION FILES

There are too many file in your project. Try to combine some of yourfiles. The maximum number of files in one emulation is 4096.
DISK ERRORBad Offset

The emulation HD’s FAT is damaged. Use a DOS compatible disk
repair utility such as Scandisk from a PC. If this occurs on aregular basis, the HD may be faulty or the SCSI cabling from thecomputer to the Mirage or inside the Mirage or HD might bedamaged.

127

Troubleshooting - Disk And General Errors
DISK ERROR
Bad Dir

The emulation HD’s FAT is damaged. Use a DOS compatible disk
repair utility such as Scandisk from a PC. If this occurs on aregular basis, the HD may be faulty or the SCSI cabling from thecomputer to the Mirage or inside the Mirage or HD might bedamaged.
DISK ERROR
Boot Read

The Mirage has been unable to read the boot sector on theemulation HD. Use a DOS compatible disk repair utility such as
Scandisk from a PC. If this occurs on a regular basis, the HD may
be faulty or the SCSI cabling from the computer to the Mirage orinside the Mirage or HD might be damaged.
DISK ERROR
Bad Boot Rec

The boot record on the emulation HD has not been recognised.
Use a DOS compatible disk repair utility such as Scandisk from aPC. If this occurs on a regular basis, the HD may be faulty or the
SCSI cabling from the computer to the Mirage or inside theMirage or HD might be damaged.
DISK ERROR
Sector Size

The internal HD has an unsupported sector size. Use DOS5 or
above to reformat the HD ready for emulation from a PC.

128

Troubleshooting - Disk And General Errors
DISK ERRORFF Bad Dir

The emulation HD’s FAT is damaged. Use a DOS compatible disk
repair utility such as Scandisk or Norton Utilities from a PC. If thisoccurs on a regular basis, the HD may be faulty or the SCSI
cabling from the computer to the Mirage or inside the Mirage or
HD might be damaged.
DISK ERRORInternal Read

The Mirage has been unable to read the boot sector on the internal
HD. Use a DOS compatible disk repair utility such as Scandisk or
Norton Utilities from a PC. If this occurs on a regular basis, theHD may be faulty or the SCSI cabling from the computer to theMirage or inside the Mirage might be damaged.
GENERAL ERROR
CODE=07

The Mirage’s general error code. Contact the supplier of yourMirage for more details.
USE KEY DISCEMULATION HALTED

The version of IP.BIN that you are using is incompatible with theSaturn System Key Disc. Use the correct IP.BIN.
SATURNNOT RESPONDING

The Mirage has been unable to transfer data down the CD
Interface cable. Make sure that the Saturn is switched on, the
VCD/CD selector switch is in the correct position and that the CD
Interface cable is securely fastened at both ends.

129Troubleshooting - CD-R Writing Errors

17.4

CD-R Writing Errors
At any time during the writing or testing of CD-R disc write, theMirage may display one of the following messages:
FATAL ERRORBUFFER UNDER RUN

The Mirage detected a problem with the .RTI or .DSK file. If you
were attempting to write a CD-R disc, the disc will be unusable.
Rebuild the .RTI or .DSK file and test the CD-R write using the
TEST WRITE command. If this fails, Contact the supplier of yourMirage for technical support.
FATAL ERRORINTERNAL ERRORThe Mirage suffered an internal error during the CD-R writing
process. If you were attempting to write a CD-R disc, the disc will
be unusable. Rebuild the .RTI or .DSK file and test the CD-R write
using the TEST WRITE command. If this fails, Contact the
supplier of your Mirage for technical support. If the test write is
successful, try to write another CD-R disc.
FATAL ERRORUNKNOWN ERRORThe CD Writer reported an unknown error during the CD-R
writing process. If you were attempting to write a CD-R disc, thedisc will be unusable. Rebuild the .RTI or .DSK file and test the
CD-R write using the TEST WRITE command. If this fails,
Contact the supplier of your Mirage for technical support. If thetest write is successful, try to write another CD-R disc.

130

Troubleshooting - CPBUILD Errors Messages

17.5

CPBUILD Errors Messages
CPBUILD can output several errors whilst converting script files
into .RTI or .DSK files. These errors along with their meanings arelisted below:
Out of memory
CPBUILD has run out of memory. There may be too many files
referenced in the script.
Unrecognised command
This command is not valid.
Line too long
The maximum line length is 256 characters.
Internal stack overflow
Internal stack underflow
CPBUILD has suffered an internal error. Contact technicalsupport for more information.
File not foundThe specified file could not be found.
Incorrect number of arguments for commandSee the description of the specific scripting command in“Scripting Commands And Their Syntax” beginning on page 98.
Too many nested includes
The maximum number of nested includes is 25. This error may becaused by circular inclusion in your script.
Invalid session type
The type specified in the Session command is invalid.
Unexpected CatalogNo
The catalog number has an invalid format.
Invalid track type in LeadIn
The LeadIn must be MODE1.
131

Troubleshooting - CPBUILD Errors Messages

Invalid track type in LeadOut
The LeadOut must be of the same type as the last track written.
Volume type must be ISO9660
Only ISO 9660 volumes are supported by CPBUILD.
File for SystemArea is too large
The SystemArea file must be <=32768 bytes in size.
Could not find file for SystemArea
The specified file could not be found.
Invalid track typeThe specified track type is not valid.
CDDA cannot be first track
The first track cannot be a CDDA track.
Unterminated string
A string must have a closing double quotes.
Primary Volume already defined
Only one Primary Volume is allowed in the ISO 9660 standard.
Invalid number
The format for the specified number is invalid. This error may becaused by the parameter containing non-numeric characters.
String should only contain d-type characters
See “d-type Characters” on page 97 for more details.
String should only contain a-type characters
See “a-type Characters” on page 97 for more details.
Invalid filename
The specified filename is invalid.
Command not valid in this block
The command cannot be used in this part of the script.

132

Troubleshooting - CPBUILD Errors Messages

Date format is incorrect
The format for the specified date is incorrect. See “Dates” on page
98 for more details.
Time format is incorrect
The format for the specified time is incorrect. See “Dates” on page
98 for more details.
File too big
The SystemArea file is larger than 32K. CPBUILD will truncate it
to 32K which may cause your disc to fail.
Invalid size for LogicalBlockSize
The LogicalBlockSize must be set to 512, 1024 or 2048.
Filename is not unique
All files in the same directory must have unique names.
VolumePartitionIdentifier does not conformto ISO9660
The format of the string parameter for VolumePartitionIdentifier
does not conform to ISO 9660 standard.
BootIdentifier does not conform to ISO9660
The format of the string parameter for BootIdentifier does notconform to ISO 9660 standard.
Not a valid file attribute
The specified file attribute is not valid. Valid attributes are:
HIDDEN, NOHIDDEN, RECORD and NORECORD.
Directories cannot be nested more than 8 deepThis restriction is part of the ISO 9660 standard.
Invalid directory name
The specified directory name is invalid. See “ISO9660 DirectoryNames” on page 98 for more details.

133Troubleshooting - CPBUILD Errors Messages

First track must be MODE1
When building a CD-ROM the first track must be MODE1.
CDDA track already defined
All tracks following a CDDA track must be CDDA format. Define
your CDDA tracks at the end of your script.
Command only valid for audio tracks
The specified command is only valid for audio tracks.
Invalid number of channels
The specified channel number is too small or too large.
Invalid switch (should be TRUE or FALSE)
The specified switch must be TRUE or FALSE.
Unable to create output file
The development host’s HD or the Mirage HD may be full.
Command not valid in CDDA tracks
The specified command is only valid for CDDA tracks.
FileSource not defined
No file source was specified in the File Block.
Invalid FileNo
The specified value for the file number was too large or too small.
Command only valid on MODE2 type tracks
The specified command is only valid for MODE2 tracks.
Invalid value for SourceType
The specified value is not valid for the SourceType command. See“SourceType type” on page 109 for more details.
Invalid value for SectorRate
The specified value is not valid for the SectorRate command. See“SectorRate sector” on page 108 for more details.

134Troubleshooting - CPBUILD Errors Messages

Invalid value for DataType
The specified value is not valid for the DataType command. See“DataType type” on page 110 for more details.

135This page left intentionally blank.

18

Bibliography
The following is a list reference material that you might finduseful when developing your CD projects:
SEGA Virtual CD System User’s Manual(Document number ST-129-R1-062294)
Available from SEGA
SEGA Developer’s Documentation
Available from SEGASNASM2 documentation
Available with the SNASM2 Development System
Volume & Structure Of CD-ROM For Information Interchange
ANSI/NISO/ISO 9660-1990
Multimedia In A Muddle
New Scientist - September 1991
The CD-I Production Handbook
ISBN 0-201-62750-7
The CD-I Design Handbook
ISBN 0-201-62749-3
Principles Of Digital Audio
ISBN 0-672-22634-0
Inside The ISO-9660 Filesystem Format
Dr. Dobbs Journal - December 1992
General CD format definitions (available from Philips or Sony):
Red Book
Compact Disc Digital Audio
CEI IEC 908
Yellow Book
Compact Disc Read Only Memory
ISO 10149:1989
Green Book - Compact Disc Interactive

137This page left intentionally blank.

138

19

Glossary
This glossary includes terms which you might come across in yourday-to-day work with the Mirage and CDs in general. A word orwords in italics refers to another entry in this glossary.
.DSK
The file extension for disc images created using the CPBUILD
program. See “CPBUILD” on page 93 for more details.
.PVD (Primary Volume Descriptor)
The file extension for a temporary file created by the CPBUILD
program which contains ISO 9660 information. You should notdelete these files. See “CPBUILD” on page 93 for more details.
.RTI (Run Time Information)
The file extension for a disc configuration file created by the
CPBUILD program. See “CPBUILD” on page 93 for more details.
.SCR
The file extension for a script file used by the CPBUILD program
to create an .RTI or .DSK file. See “The Scripting Language” onpage 97 for more details.
.TOC (Table Of Contents)
The file extension for a Table Of Contents file created by the
CPBUILD program (see “Command Line Syntax” on page 94 formore details) and used, along with the .DSK file, when writing a
CD-R disc.
A-Time/Absolute TimeThe time elapsed since the start of the disc measured from the
beginning of Track 1 on a Compact Disc-Digital Audio or Mixed
Mode Compact Disc.
Access TimeThe time taken by the laser to move to a particular place on thedisc. Maximum access time is the time taken to move from the139

Glossary

start of the disc to the end and read data. Average access time isthe average time taken to move from one position on the disc toanother.
ANSI
A set of standards defined by the American National Standards
Institute.
ASPI (Advanced SCSI Programmer’s Interface)
A set of routines and data structures which allow programs to be
SCSI host adapter independent.
Building An Image
The process of taking the data files which make up the CD(executables, graphics, audio and video) and creating a single
continuous disc image which can be emulated from or used with
CD-Writing software to write a CD-R disc.
Burn
The process of recording a CD-R disc in a CD Writer. So called
because a laser is used to ‘burn’ lands and pits onto the disc. Also
known as CD Writing.
Cache
A portion of RAM set aside to temporary store often needed datasuch as directory information.
Caddy
A carrier used with some CD-ROM drives to hold the disc. CDROM drives which do not use caddies are known as ‘caddyless’.
CD-DA (Compact Disc-Digital Audio)
The standard for audio CDs. Developed by Sony and Philips andlaunched in 1982. Defined in a document known as the Red Book.
Also known as CD-Audio. Reads digital sound samples off thedisc at 44.1Khz per second. With 16 bits per sample and twochannels the CD player reads 1,411,200 bits per second. CDAudio discs are capable of storing up to 75 minutes of sound (at140Glossary

single-speed), although only 60 minutes is commonly quoted as
the maximum capacity.
CD-I (Compact Disc-Interactive)
A format standard for interactive multimedia applications.
Developed by Philips. Wide-spread uptake has been limited.
Defined in a document known as the Green Book.
CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable)
The name given to CD devices which can write as well as readCDs. The special writeable CDs are called CD-R discs. The
standard for CD-R is defined in the document known as theOrange Book.
CD-R DiscA writeable CD-ROM used by a CD Writer to store data.
Conforms to the CD-ROM WO standard. Also known as Golddiscs.
CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory)
The standard for CDs which can hold computer data. Defined in adocument known as the Yellow Book.
CD-ROM Drive (Compact Disc Drive)
A computer peripheral which can read CD-ROM discs. CD-ROM
drives can usually also play audio (Red Book) CDs. CD-ROM
drives are rated as single-speed, double-speed, quad-speed or
six-speed depending on their data access rate.
CD-ROM WO (Compact Disc Write Once)
A recordable CD. Another name for CD-R or Gold Discs. The CDROM WO standard is defined in a document called the Orange
Book.
CD-ROM XA (Compact Disc Extended Architecture)
An extension of the Yellow Book (CD-ROM) standard. Consistantwith the ISO 9660 format standard, but with some video and audio
capabilities taken from the CD-I standard. CD-ROM XA is the141Glossarystandard format for Photo-CDs.
CIRC (Cross Interleave Reed-Solomon Correction)
The data correction algorithm used to correct large runs of
unreadable data due to laser error, damage or scratches on CDAudio and CD-ROM discs. CIRC interleaves frames and error
checking is performed on the sum of this data. Error bursts of up
to 450 data bytes can be corrected using CIRC. The CIRC method
results in an error rate of less than one unrecoverable error in 2,000
discs.
Close DiscA multi-session CD-R (recordable CD) is closed so that no further
data can be written to it. This is done by not recording the next
writeable sector in the lead-in of the current session. The CD
writing software has no way of knowing where to write new data
and therefore the disc cannot be written to again.
Close Session
To close a session, the disc’s table of contents is updated and alead-in (the next writeable sector) is written to the disc to allow
the CD writing software to write further sessions to the disc.
CLV (Constant Linear Velocity)
Uses varying disc rotation speeds to maintain the speed at whichdata passes under the read head as the head moves across the disc.
Compact Disc Writer (CD Writer)
A device which writes a CD-R disc from a set of data using CD
Writing software.
Compact Disc Writing Software (CD Writer Software)
The software which controls a CD Writer and transfers data fromthe source (usually a computer’s HD) onto a CD-R disc adding
error correction codes (ECC) and error detection codes (EDC) if
necessary.

142

Glossary
Cue Sheet
A list of tracks to be written to a disc in a particular session.
Data Area
Part of the ISO 9660 standard. The area of the disc where data canbe written. Begins at absolute time 00:02:16 (the first available
space after the Table Of Contents).
Development Host
The generic name for a development computer. Examples include:
PC and SG Indy.
Directory
A library of pointers stored in a specific area of the disc whichshows the location of all of the files on the disc.
Disc Image
A single file containing an image of a CD. Includes all data files(executables, graphics, audio and video) along with ECC and EDC
codes.
Double-Speed
A CD-ROM drive which can read discs at twice the speed of asingle-speed drive giving a data rate of 150 sectors per second.
ECC (Error Correction Code)A code which is added to the data being written onto a disc by CD
Writing software. Allows the detection and correction of readerrors.
EDC (Error Detection Code)A 32 bit code which is used as a checksum to detect data errors.
Error Rate
The rate that errors occur when data is read from the disc. In a CD
emulator, such as the Mirage, several error rate can be simulated
to test error recovery routines.

143GlossaryFirmware
Programs stored in Read Only Memory (ROM) chips.
Flash
A special type of Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory(EPROM) which can be re-written by a computer (Electrical
EPROM or EEPROM), such as the Mirage’s controller board. In
the Mirage, the flash EEPROM (also known as E2) allows the user
to upgrade the Mirage’s firmware and to change targets without
having to return the Mirage to your supplier.
Focus TimeThe time taken for the read head to ‘settle’ when it arrives at a
specified sector on the disc, before reading of data can begin.
Frame
Also known as a sector. 2352 bytes of data. 75 frames per second
is known as single-speed.
Glass MasterThe glass disc produced from the gold disc by a CD-ROM
duplication house. Used as the master in the duplication of the
final production discs.
Green Book
The document which defines the standard for Compact DiscInteractive (CD-I).
Header Field
Four bytes recorded at the beginning of every sector which containthe sector’s address and the mode in which the sector is recorded.
HFS (Hierarchical Filing System)
The disk filing system used on the Apple Macintosh.
High Sierra Format
The standard for logical disc format. Originally proposed by theHigh Sierra Group and essentially identical to the ISO 9660

144

Glossarystandard.
HybridDescribes a disc which is a combination of ISO 9660 andMacintosh HFS. Used by CD-ROM developers who wish todeliver data to users of both formats, but on one disc (for example
magazine cover discs).
ISO 9660
The standard for logical disc format upon which most otherformats are based.
ISO 9660 Image
Another name for Virtual Image.
Land
Flat area on the surface of a CD which reflects laser light back tothe sensor on the read head. Represents a value of ‘1’.
Laser
(Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation)
The read-head in a CD mechanism. Reads lands and pits on the
CD’s surface.
Lead InA 4,500 sector (about 9 MB) area of a CD-R disc which is written
at the beginning of each session. Gives details of the contents ofthe session and contains the next writeable address on a disc if thedisc is multi-session and not closed.
Lead OutAn area of a CD-R disc which indicates the end of a particularsession.
Logical Block
The smallest addressable section on a disc. In the ISO 9660
standard each logical block is given a Logical Block Number(LBN) starting at zero at the beginning of the disc.

145

Glossary
Master
The glass disc produced from the CD-R disc by a CD-ROM
duplication house. Used in the duplication of the final discs.
Mastering
The process whereby a master is produced.
Mixed Mode DiscA disc which contains both computer and audio (CD-DA) tracks.
The computer data is all contained in track 1 and the remainder ofthe disc can be used for the audio tracks.
Mode 0A track format specified in the Yellow Book. 2,048 bytes of zero
followed by 288 bytes of zero.
Mode 1
A track format specified in the Yellow Book. 2,048 bytes of data
followed by 288 bytes of EDC and ECC information.
Mode 2A track format specified in the Yellow Book. 2,048 bytes of data
followed by another 288 bytes of data with no error correction.
Mount
The process of inserting a disc into a computer’s CD-ROM drive
so that the computer can read data from it. Also used to describe
the process of informing the computer that a CD has been inserted.
Multi-Session
Indicated a CD-ROM which contains data written to it in morethan one session. Also used to denote a CD-ROM drive which canread multi-session discs.
On-The-Fly Disc Writing
The process of writing a CD-R disc directly from the source data
without having to first build a complete disc image. Also used todescribe emulation of a CD without having to build a complete

146

Glossary

disc image.
Orange Book
The document which defines the standard for writeable CDs
including Compact Disc-Recordable (CD-R), magneto-optical
cartridge systems and single-session and multi-session discs.
PAUSEX1
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism stops sending data, but keeps the disc spinningat single-speed.
PAUSEX2
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism stops sending data, but keeps the disc spinningat double-speed.
PAUSEX4
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism stops sending data, but keeps the disc spinning
at quad-speed.
PCA (Power Calibration Area)
A reserved area at the beginning of a disc used by a CD-Writer tocalibrate the laser prior to recording on the disc.
Photo-CD
A format, defined by Kodak, based on the CD-ROM XA andOrange Book definitions which is used to store photographs in five
resolutions (standard disc) or six resolutions (pro disc) whichrange from display to full colour magazine standard.
Pit
Raised area (‘bump’) on the surface of a CD which scatters thelaser’s light. Represents a value of ‘0’ (zero).
PLAYTOCA command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests

147

Glossarythat the mechanism reads data from the disc’s table of contents at
single-speed.
PLAYX1
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism sends data at single-speed.
PLAYX2
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism sends data at double-speed.
PLAYX4
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism sends data at quad-speed.
PMA (Program Memory Area)
An area of a CD-R disc which temporarily contains the session
contents information while the tracks are written to the disc. This
information is then written to the session’s lead-in.
Post-Gap
A gap written after a track. Some CD Writing software write no
post-gap whilst some write a gap of 150 sectors (2 seconds with asingle-speed disc) between tracks of different data types.
Pre-Gap
A gap written before the start of a track by some CD Writing
software. The pre-gap can be: zero sectors if between two audio
tracks; 150 sectors or 2 seconds if between two data tracks or 225
sectors or 3 seconds if between tracks of different types. All times
given are for single-speed discs.
Pre-Mastering
The process of dividing data into sectors and tracks and adding theappropriate header and error correction information prior towriting the disc.

148

Glossary
Quad-Speed
A data rate of 300 sectors per second. Written as 4X.
Read Head
The laser in a CD-ROM drive which reads the data contained in
the pits and lands on a CD.
Red Book
The document, developed jointly by Sony and Philips, which
defines the standard for CD-Audio including disc format,
hardware, form factors and media specifications. Also forms thebasis for the Yellow Book and High Sierra disc standards. The Red
Book defines the way that bit patterns are written to the disc,
provides for synchronisation bytes and supports one layer of CIRC
error correction within each frame or packet of data.
Relative TimeThe time elapsed since the start of a particular track.
SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)
A standard interface which allows the connection of up to eightdevices to a single controller. Pronounced “scuzzy”.
SCSI Bus/SCSI Chain
The name given to the data bus which connects devices via the
SCSI standard. Each end of a SCSI chain must be terminated.
SCSI Termination
The process of placing a small resistance at each end of a SCSI
chain. This resistance stops signal reflection and thereby errors.
Only the ends of the SCSI chain should be terminated.
SectorAlso known as a frame. 2352 bytes of data. 75 sectors per second
is known as single-speed.
Seek TimeThe time taken for the read head to move from one track on a disc149

Glossaryto another.
SEEKX1
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism moves to a specified position on the CD andkeeps the disc spinning at single-speed.
SEEKX2
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism moves to a specified position on the CD andkeeps the disc spinning at double-speed.
SEEKX4
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism moves to a specified position on the CD andkeeps the disc spinning at quad-speed.
SessionThe process of writing one segment (which may contain one ormore tracks) of a CD-R disc. Each session starts with a lead-in andfinishes with a lead-out. Part of the Orange Book definition for
writeable CDs.
Settling
The time taken for the laser to focus once it has reached therequested position over the disc. Equivalent to the time taken for
a HD read-head to stabilise before it can read data.
Single Session
A CD-ROM player which can only read CDs which have been
written in one complete session or can only read the first session
on a disc.
Single-Speed
A data rate of 75 sectors per second.
Six-Speed
A data rate of 450 sectors per second.

150

Glossary
Spin Up TimeThe time taken in milliseconds to start the disc spinning andaccelerate up to double-speed.
STOP
A command issued by the target to the CD mechanism. It requests
that the mechanism stops sending data and stops spinning the CD.
When the target issues the next command after a STOP, themechanism will require a spin up time to start the disc spinning.
Target
The generic name for a development platform. Examples include:
PC; Sega Saturn and Atari Jaguar.
Termination
See SCSI Termination.
TOC (Table Of Contents)
An area of the disc which contains information about the numberof tracks, their starting locations on the disc and the total length ofthe data area on the disc.
Track
A single rotation of a disc. The minimum that can be written to adisc in a session.
Virtual Image
A table of pointers to the files to be written to a disc. Used to write
CDs on-the-fly or to build a disc image prior to the disc being
written.
VolumeA single CD-ROM disc. Part of the ISO 9660 definition.
Volume Descriptors
A fixed length record which contains information about the disc’s
format and how to read it. Part of the ISO 9660 definition.

151

Glossary
White Book
The document which defines the standard for Video CD format
discs.
WORM (Write-Once Read-Many)
Removable optical media which can only be written to once, but
can be read many times. Not compatible with CDs.
Writeable Sector
The next sector where data can be written on a CD-R disc, givenin the lead-out information from the previous session.
Yellow Book
The document which defines the standard for CD-ROM data discs.
Originally devised by Philips and Sony. Based on the Red Bookaudio standard, but with better error correction.

Data on a CD-ROM is organised into 2352 byte blocks. 2K bytesof each block is user data. The remainder is directory and error
correction information. The CD-ROM drive reads 75 blocks per
second. At single-speed this is equivalent to a maximum capacityof 660MB.
The Yellow Book adds additional error detection and error
correction to the Red Book standard to provide greater data
accuracy. Each 2K data block is accompanied by 288 bytes used
as a second layer of CIRC. Together with the first layer of CIRC
(as defined in the Red Book standard), the second layer enables
data integrity to be maintained even when many consecutive bytes
in the data stream are lost, for example due to a scratch on the disc.

152

INDEX

This page left intentionally blank.

154

Symbols.. 69

A
Absolute sector,
Decimal 117
Hex 117
Absolute time 139
AccessMode 116
Time 139
Administration privileges 22
ANSI 140
Anti-static precautions 75
ASPI 11, 140
A-Time 139
a-type characters 97

B
BBS 4
Black system disc 40
Build tools,
CPBUILD 93
JVC tools 93
Built-in help 92
Burn 140
Burning a gold disc 49

C
Cabling,
Checking 125
Cache 140
Caddy 140CANCEL button 59

CartDev,
Connecting 13
Disconnecting 76
Power on sequence 14, 26
SCSI settings 11
CD/VCD Switch 41, 129
CD commands,
PAUSEX1 147
PAUSEX2 147
PAUSEX4 147
PLAYTOC 147
PLAYX1 148
PLAYX2 148
PLAYX4 148
SEEKX1 150
SEEKX2 150
SEEKX4 150
STOP 151
CD config menu,
Structure 65
CD-DA 140
CD definitions,
Orange book 147
Red book 149
White book 152
Yellow book 152
CD-I 141
CD interface port 14, 25

IndexCD-R, 141
Auto detecting 30
Disc 141
Errors 130
ID,
Changing 63
Info 67
LEDs while recording 74
Log entries 119
Menu,
Structure 68
Recording 49
Testing 30
Writing 49
CD-ROM XA 141
CD settings 65
Data rate,
Instant seeks 65
Error rate 65
Focus time 66
Instant seek 65
Seek time 66
Spin up time 66
CD Writer,
Auto detecting 30
Definition 142
Info 67
Testing 30
Changing personality module 75
Changing SCSI numbers 63
Changing targets 75
Disconnecting the personality
module 78
Front and top removal 76
Personality module 75
Removing the Mirage’s LCD
panel 77
Check cabling 125
CIRC 142

i-ii

CLOSE command 90
Close disc 142
Close session 142
CLV 142Compromised emulation 118
Config fail error 124
Config menu,
Structure 64
CPBERR file 95
CPBUILD, 93
Command line syntax 94
Environment variable 94
Error messages 131
Errors file 95
Examples 96
File locations 94
Scripting language 97
Switches 94
Testing on SG 27
Cpd,
Configuring 24
Limitations 25
Options 24
Switches 24
Cue sheet 143
Current settings 61

D
Data rate 65
Dates in scripts 98
Development host 143
Development PC,
Access to emulation HD 15
Connecting 12
Development SG,
Connecting 19
Device manager 37

IndexDirectories,
How they are displayed 69
Illegal file characters 70
Legal file characters 70
Root 69
Directory
Definition 143
Disconnecting the personality
module 78
Disk errors 125
Disk image file (.DSK) 93
Disk info 67
Display,
During CD-R writing 51
During emulation 44
DISPLAY button 58
DOOR button 58
Double-speed 143
DOWN button 58
DRIVE ID 72
Changing 63
Factory default 72.DSK, 93, 139
From an .RTI or .SCR file 93
d-type characters 97

E
ECC 143
EDC 143
Email 4.EMF file 82
EMULATE command 88

Emulation,
Display 44
Emulation HD,
Directories 69
Root directory 69
Setting up 13, 21
Emulation menu,
Structure 62
Final testing 46
LEDs during emulation 74
Modified production saturn 42
PC access 44
Starting 42
Stopping 44
Environment variables
CPBUILD 94
Error rate setting 117
Expansion SCSI 72
Init error 124
External SCSI 71
Init error 124

F
Factory defaults 72, 72
File location pointers 93
File locationsCPBUILD 94
Firmware version 67
Flash 81
.EMF file 82
Re-writing 82
Focus time 66, 144
Frame 144
Front and top removal 76
Front panel,
LEDs 74
Nudge 117i-iii

IndexG
General error 129
Glass master 144
Gold disc 141
Burning 49
Green book 137, 144

H
Hard disk,
partitions 70
Tray
Inserting 11
Key 6, 11
Hardware,Failure 123
Testing 15, 26
HFS 144High sierra 144
Hybrid 145

I
Illegal file characters 70
Indy,
Access to emulation HD 27
List of mounted devices 27
INFO command 90
Example 90
Info menu,
Structure 67
Information from the Mirage 67
Instant seek 65
Internet 4
IP.BIN 40
Script file entry 101
Troubleshooting 129

i-iv

ISO 9660,
a-type characters 97
Definition 145
Directory names 98
d-type characters 97
File names 98

J
JVC VCD emulator 35

K
Key 6
Key disc 42
Saturn 7

L
Land 145
Laser 145
LCD display,
Changing contrast 64
Removal 77
Lead in 145
Lead out 145
LED flashes at start up 123
LEDs,
Operation 74
Legal file characters 70
Library of pointers 93

IndexLog 115
Absolute sector 117
Absolute sector in decimal 117
Access mode 116
CD-R entries 119
Compromised emulation 118
Error rate setting 117
How errors are displayed 117
LOG command 91
Log options 121
Name of file 116
Nudge 117
Other entries 118
Retrieval 115
Seek time 117
Time through,Disc 117
Emulation 116
Wrap around setting 64
LOG Command 91

M
Master 146
Menuing system,
Current settings 61
Structure 61
Mirage’s two SCSI buses,
Expansion SCSI 72
External SCSI 71
Mirage disassembly 76
MIRAGE.EXE 13
MIRAGE ID,
Changing 63
Factory default 72
Mirage information 67

Mirage program 87
Built-in help 92
Close 90
Commands 88
Emulate 88
Info 90
Example 90
Installing 13
Log 91
Monitor 92
Nudge 89, 117Open 89
Stop 89
Syntax 87
Mirage settings 67
Mixed mode 146
Mode 0 146
Mode 1 146
Mode 2 146
MONITOR command 92
Mount 146
Mounted devices 27
Multiple partitions 70
Multi-session 146
Close
Disc 142
Session 142
Session 150
Single session 150

N
Name of file 116
Non-SCSI-2 11
Not DOS format error 125
NUDGE,
Button 117
button 58
Command 89

i-v

IndexNudge error 117

O
On-the-fly 146
OPEN command 89
Orange book 147
Other development tools,
SNASM1 11
SNASM2 3
Other log entries 118

P
Partitions 70
PAUSEX1 147
PAUSEX2 147
PAUSEX4 147
PC,
Configure SCSI adapter 11
Connecting 12
Setup 11
Setup,ASPI 11
CartDev 11
Testing 15
PCA 147
PC access during emulation 44
Personality module 75
Disconnecting 78
Photo-CD 147
Pit 147
PLAYTOC 147
PLAYX1 148
PLAYX2 148
PLAYX4 148
PMA 148
Post-gap 148
Power On displays 16, 26
Power supply 13, 20

i-vi

Pre-gap 148
Primary volume descriptor (PVD)
93, 139.PVD 93, 139

Q
Quad speed 116, 149

R
README file 123
Red book 137, 149
Red system disc 40
Relative position in files 98
Relative position in sessions 98
Relative time 149
Removing the Mirage’s LCD panel
77
Root directory 69, 69.RTI, 93
Definition 139
From an .SCR file 93

IndexS
Saturn,A typical session 40
Connecting 14, 25
Emulation 35, 41, 42, 44
A typical session 40
Final testing 46
Preparing script files 41
Preparing source files 40
Starting 42
Final image testing 46
IP.BIN 40
Script file entry 101
Troubleshooting 129
Key disc 7, 42, 129
Not responding error 129
Play modes 116
Power on sequence 14, 26
Preparing files for emulation 41
Preparing script files 41
Preparing source files 40
Programming box 41
Security key 40
Stopping emulation 44
Typical script 41.SCR 139
Script files 41
Typical Saturn script 41
Scripting commands 98
Directory definition 106
Disc definition 99
File definition 107
File interleave 108
File sources 109
Hard error 110
Parameters 97
Track definition 101
Volume definition 103

Scripting language,
Command parameters 97
Commands 98
Directory definition 106
Disc definition 99
File definition 107
File interleave 108
File sources 109
Hard error 110
Track definition 101
Volume definition 103
Comments 111
Scripts,
Comments 111
Example 111
SCSI,
Buses 71
Definition 149
Menu,
Structure 63
Non-SCSI-2 11
Numbers
Changing 63
Security disc 7, 42
Security key 40
Seek time 117
SEEKX1 150
SEEKX2 150
SEEKX4 150
SELECT button 58
Session 150
Settings,
BBS 4

i-vii

IndexSG,
Checking SCSI numbers 19
Connecting 19
File locations 23
Installing from a tar file 21
Installing the software 22
Setup 19
Software manager 22
Testing CPBUILD 27
Testing the setup 26
Single session 150
Single-speed 150
Six-speed 150
SNASM1 11
Software manager 22
Spin up time 66, 151
Start up errors 123
Static 75
STOP,
Button 59
CD command 151
Command 89
System disc 40

T
Table of contents (TOC) 93, 139
Target 151
Technical support 4
Termination 149
Time through,Disc 117
Emulation 116.TOC 93, 139
Tray key 6, 11

i-viiiTroubleshooting 123
CD-R errors 130
Config fail 124
CPBUILD error messages 131
Disk errors 125
Expansion SCSI init 124External SCSI init 124
General error 129
Hardware 123
LED flashes 123
Not DOS format 125
Saturn not responding 129
Start up errors 123
Use key disc 129
Two SCSI buses 71

U
UP button 58
Use key disc error 129

V
VCD/CD Switch 41, 129
VCD emulator 35
VCD tools 93
Version,Firmware 67
Voltages 13, 20
Volume 151

W
White book 152
Windows 95 14, 37
WO 141
WORM 152
Write once 141

IndexXY

XA 141

Yellow book 137, 152i-ix