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Information·Bulletin of

The
Union
of·National
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E conomic Associationsin Japan

日本経済学会連合

1981

/INFORMATION'BULLETIN OF'THE UNION OF NATIONALECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS IN JAPAN- This Information Bulletin is designed to-serve as an introduction of the academic activities 9f、
me1J1ber associations--of the Union to the economic societies through_c:>ut the-world. It will be

distributed by the secretariat of the Union

to economists and societies in other c如ntries which

are recognized by the member associations of the Union.

Managing Editor

Seiji FURUTA, K,eio University

Toshinobu KATO, Asia Upiversity··

Masami KITA, Saka University

Syunsaku NISHIKAWA, Keio Univ�rsity
Moriyuki TAJIMA, Hitotsubashi University

Koichi TANOUCHI, Hitotsubashi University

Tian Kang GO, Chuo University

Hiroyuki NINOMIYA; Tokyo University ofForeign Studies

Shigeru TANESE, Hitotsubashi University

Editorial Committee

Yonosuke HARA, University of Tokyo

Ken KURITA, Meiji University
Shizuya NISHIMURA, Hosei University
lsamu OTA, Toyo University

Kenichi MASUI, Keio University

Fumimasa HAMADA, Keio University

Makoto IKEMA, Hitotsubashi University、Junko NISHIKAWA, T�kyo Metropolitan
College of Commerceー／lkujiro NONAKA, National Defense Academy

Yoshiaki. �HIMABUKURO, Tokyo fV1etro­

Hitoshi SAITO, Chiba University

Hideo TAMURA, Chuo University

Nobuo YASUI, Chuo University

politan Junlor College.of Commerce

Kyojiro SOMEYA, IJltaseda University

Di『ectors of the Union
President,/

Yoshio ANDO, Seijo University

Secretary General

Takashi SHIRAISHI りKeio University
Shigeo AOKI, Waseda University ,'Soichiro GIGA, Osaka City University_

Masao HAMABAYASHI, Hitotsubashi University

Yoichi ITAGAKI, Asia University

Yasuzumi IWAO, Chuo Uni�ersity-

Haruci KANEKO, Tokyo Metropolitan-University

Hiroshi KAWAGUCHI, Chu0;-University

Kaichir()_ OISHI, Univer_sity of Tokyo

Kimio SHI OZAWA,., Nagoya University

Mikio SUMIYA, Tokyo Women's Christian University

AuditorSysumu TAKAM IYA, Sophia University/ - ,Eme『ituslchiro KATANO, Nihon l:Jniversity- ←-Kyojiro SOMEYA, Waseda UniversitY__

Kohachiro TAKAHASHI, Soka Univ�rsity

NoboruYAMAMOTO, Soka Un,iversity

Business letters to be addressed, Secretariat of The Union of National Economi,c Associations inJapan, C/0 Professor Takashi Shiraishi, Keio UniverJ;j!y, 2-15-45, Mita, Minatoku, Tokyo 108,
Japan.

―, --パ©COPYRIGHT 1981 BY THE UNION OF NATIONAL ECONdMIC ASSOCIATIONS IN
JAPAN.

Printed in Japan: DAITO ART PRINTING CO., LTD. Tel. (03) 552-8叫1

CONTENTS
Preface
The Union of National Economic Associations in Japan
Development of Economics and Economic Societies in Japan...............

1

The Japan Accounting Assoc1a1ton ...................................

9

The Agrarian History Society .... ................................... 15
The Agricultural Economic Society of Japan ........................... 19
Japan Association for Asian Political and Economic Studies ................ 22
Japan Society for the Study of Business Administration ...... . ............ 24
Japan Business English Association ............................... .... 29
Business History Society of Japan .................. .................. 32
Japan Society of Business Mathematics ................................ 36
Japan Society of Commercial Sciences ................................ 38
Japan Society for Commodity Science ................................ 42
The Society for the History of Economic Thought ....................... 45
The Japan Association of Economics and Econometrics ................... 49
The Association of Economic Geographers .............................

52

Japan Economic Policy Association .................................. 58
Japanese Assoc1at1on of Fiscal Science ................................ 61
Japan Academy for Foreign Trade..... . .............................. 66
The Japanese Society of Insurance Science ............................. 69
The Japan Society of International Economics .......................... 73
Japan Society of Monetary Economics .................... ............ 76
Academic Association for Organizational Science .............. .......... 78
Japan Society for Personnel and Labor Research ........................ 82
Japan Society of Political Economy .... . ............................. 86
The Population Association of Japan ................................. 90
The Japan Society of Public Utility Economics ......................... 94
The Japan Section of the Regional Science Association ...................

97
The Society for Economic Studies of Securities·........................ 103
Association for the Study in Socialist Economies ........................ 106
Society for the Study of Social Policy- ................................ 108
Socio-Economic History Society ..................................... 112
Japan Society of Transportation Economics ............................ 116
Japan Statistical Society ........................................... 120

Preface
The Union of the National Economicふsociations in Japan an org皿ization ofleading Japanese associations of economics, business administration, accounting,commercial science and other related fields, observed the 30th anniversary of its
founding in 1980.
The publication of this Information Bulletin is part of a program aimed atpromoting international exchanges of economic studies, marking the Union's .historyof 30 years.
The purpose of this book is to introduce widely to the world the developmentof Japanese economics. We would be most pleased if this book will help the related
academic circles throughout the world to become familiar with the economic studies
in Japan. It would also give us pleasure if economic researches in Japan introducedin this book could contribute to the advancement of economic studies in othercountries.
The present Information Bulletin No. 1 gives brief descriptions of the past andpresent of all member associations of the Union. Included in the first part of thisbook is an overview of the development of economic studies in Japan and theformation process of Japanese economic societies. It is our hope that this will prove
to be a useful reference source for economics circles in other countries.
In conclusion, I am most indebted to the various members whom, led byProfessor Kenichi Masui of Keio University, compiled this Information Bulletin. I
am also indebted to the representative members who wrote about their respective
societies. To Professor Takashi Shiraishi who is secretary-general of the Union, I
wish to express my thanks for his efforts in making this book possible.
To Mrs. Olive Checkland of the University of Glasgow, I owe thanks for her
helpful advice on the English manuscript, despite the busy schedule during her shortperiod of stay in Japan.

い臼に↑;： ↑ndoSn
The Union of National Economic
Associationsin JapanTHE UNION OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC
ASSOCIATIONS IN JAPAN(NIHON KEIZAIGAKKAI RENGO)The Union of National Economic Associaitons in Japan was established in
1950, a sole nationwide federation of associations of scholars and experts on eco­nomics, commerce, and business administration. In order to obtain membershipto the Union, an association is subject to a strict examination of its academic ac­
tivities. As of 1981, the Union has a Membership of 31 associations as in the tableof contents.
The Union is operated by a board of councilors which consists of two members
from each association, plus those of the Third Division of the Science Council ofJapan which has a close relationship with the Union. The day-to-day activities of
the Union are conducted by the directors who are selected from among the council­
ors.
The aims and objectives of the Union are to support scholarly activities of its
member associations and to promote academic exchanges both among members
themselves, and between Japaneses and overseas academic societies. The main
activities of the Union are: (1) the publication and distribution of academic materi­als concerning Japanese economics and paper presented by member scholars, (2) the
sending of member scholars to overseas conferences, (3) holding and supporting ofinternational conferences in Japan, (4) provision of financial assistance to member
associations inviting foreign scholars to Japan, and (5) collecting information on
activities of member associations and the issuing of a news bulletin.
The Union published in 1974 "KEIZAIGAKU NO DOKO" (The Trend inJapanese Economics), based on a survey of economic studies undertaken in postwar
Japan. A similar book covering Japanese economic studies after 1974 was publishedin 1982.
The Union and the International Economic Association(IEA) jointly held theFifth World Congress of the IEA in Tokyo from August 29 to September 3 in 1978.
The Union despatched 30 member scholars to the Sixth World Congress of the IEA
held in Mexico in 1980. And most recently, the Union and the International
Institute of Public Finance jointly held the Institute's 37th congress in Tokyo in
September, 1981.
The Union celeberated the 30th anniversary of its foundation in 1980 by'launching a variety of activities, one of which was the publication of this present
book.
Address: Professor Takashi SHIRAISHI, Secretary General of the Union,
Keio University, 2-15-45, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan.

DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS ANDECONOMIC SOCIETIES IN JAPAN(Yoshie ANDO)I
The first association in Japan of economics including management science,accounting, commercial science, etc., was the Society of Insurance Science! 1 l which
was organized in 1895. Following this was the Society for the Study of Social
Policyl2 l founded in 1896. The development process of economics in Japan prior to
the establishment of these economic societies was as follows.
As early as in Edo period·(or Tokugawa period) some writings on economics
were brought out. But, although part of them still deserve our attention today, they
were far from the organized study of economics as science. It was only after the
Meiji Restoration that the economics in modern context came into being in thiscountry.
However, the books collected and owned by Tokugawa Shogunate indicate thatthe government at the end of Edo period was importing from the West the literatureof economics in Dutch, English (both American and British English), or French, but
none in German. Among these books were An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes ofthe Wealth ofNations1 (1976) by Adam Smith, and the treatises written by liberalist
school, which constituted larger part of the collection.13 l Yet none of them had
any effect worth mentioning upon the study of economics or economic policies, forpeople scarecely had opportunities to read them.
The first Western treatise on economics to be translated into Japanese was the
Dutch version of Outline of Social Economy( l 848) by W. Ellis, who was closely
associated with John Stuart Mill. This fact tells us that economics, along withmedical science, astronomy, and artillery, was imported into Japan through theDutch people.
The Netherlands was the only country with which Japan maintainedcommercial relations through the port of Nagasaki, while the contact with any othernations was totally banned under the isolationist policy of the shogunate. It should
also be noted that, although the translation was from the Dutch, it was in substanceideas of British classical economics (or liberalist school) which were the first to be
introduced into Japan.
Also significant in the history of economic studies in Japan is that first hand
*Seijo University, President of the Union of National Economic Associationsin Japan.
(I) The Society of Insurance Science was the first to be established among
many associations. In 1940, a small number of researchers newly
founded the Japanese Society of Insurance Science, but it was dis­continued in the war time. Later on, it was reorganized as the present
Japanese Society of Insurance Science.
(2) Society for the Study of Social Policy, as will be mentioned later, wentout of existence in the course of time, and it was not until the end�f
the Pacific War that the Society was re-established as it stands today.
(3) Information regarding this matter was provided in "The Western
Economics and Modern Japan" by Shiro SUGIHARA.
-1-

knowledge on Western economics was imported mainly by Yukichi FUKUZAWA(4)following the introduction of the Western economics via the Netherlands. As early
as in the period of confusion of the Meiji Restoration following the fall of theTokugawa Shogunate which lost a battle in Ueno, Tokyo against anti-shogunate
troops, FUKUZAWA already began lecturing on works of economics by Francis
Wayland at Keio University which he founded.
After the Meiji Restoration, which put an end to the national isolation, Westernknowledge, including science technology entered Japan rapidly: Perhaps in partconventional a Japanese studies rended to be replaced.
In 1877, when the University of Tokyo was established, it was Western
economics which were taught. At the outset students came into contact with the_economic theory of the classical school expounded by J.S. Mill, Jean Baptiste Say,
Henry & M.G. Fawcett, John Elliot Cairnes in England, France and other westerncountries. Later, private universities such as Keio University and Waseda University,
foYowed the same ideas.
In the meantime the German and Austrian school of economics which waselaborated by U. Eggert et al. began to exercise authority over the students mainly
in national universities through the Japanses who had been to European countries
for study(5 l. Friedrich List of the historical school is also counted among those
who exerted influence upon Japan's economists both inside and outside universities
in the 19th century.
As a result of the introduction of the two major schools of economics, heateddebates were formed from 1870 to 1890 between those in support of German
protectionist economics and those who championed the liberalist economics ofEngland, the United States and France.
、II
As was already mentioned, economics introduced into modern Japan was
at first of classical school that had been widely accepted in Englsnd, the UnitedStates and France, and then of German protectionist school. The latter soon
gained ground in Japan, notably at national universities; which is partly attributed to
the fact that most of the teaching staff of national universities had studied in Germany.
Perhaps superficially the similarity between Japan and Germany (both being latestarters) helps to explain the receptivity of the Japanese toward German theories
notwithstanding the essential differences between the two countries.
(4) Yukichi FUKUZAWA (1835-1896). One of those who contributed
most to the diffusion of liberalism in Japan, and is the founder of Keio
University which has developed as one of the leading universities
in Japan.
(5) The circumstances under which the University of Tokyo began to teachthe Western economics are described in "Economic Department of the
University of Tokyo; History of Fifty Years". The fact which attracts ourattention is that in the University of Tokyo (which was the only university
in Japan until Kyoto University was founded in 1879), the firstl ectures on economics and political science were given by an American
named Earnest J. Fenollosa; he also taught philosophy in the university.
After serving as curator of Oriental Art at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts,
he came to Japan again to teach in the Tokyo College of Education.
-2-

In 185 3, the United States had dispatched to Japan a fleet under Commodore
Mathew Perry in order to demand the abolition of isolation policy and the stablish—
ment of trade relations. In consequence the two countries concluded the U.S. Japan Amity Treaty in 1857, and the U.S. - Japan Commercial Treaty in the next
year. This heralded the collapse of Tokugawa regime. The imperial rule was restor­
ed in 1868 , leading to modernization of Japan as a capitalist country. From the1880s to the 1890s, as Japan underwent an industrial revolution, labour disputes
and other social problems appeared resulting in a labour movement organized onsocialist principles.
Under these circumstances, Society for the Study of Social Policy was inaugurat­
ed after the model of Verein flir Soziapolitik which had been set up in Germany
in l873, and the initiative was taken by the professors of national universities who
had studied in Germany. According t.o its "Declaration of Establishment," theSociety disapproved of the socialist approach and a "laissez - faire" policy toward
labour problems. It also stipulated that private ownership system should be main­tained, and, in its framework, a class strife be prevented by virtue of the stateauthorities as well as by individual efforts. It is obvious that the Society was founded
under the direct influence of the Bismarchian policy of the German Empire andparticularly the German school of social policy which was also named posthistoricalschool or neohistorical school. Members of the Society included economists,bureaucrats and political scientists concerned with social problems.
Up until the 19 lOs, the Society for the Study of Social Policy(founded 1896 )was the only association of economics in Japan. This was due to the overwhelmingly
influential position held by the economists of the historical school in Japan's
academic circles. In addition the researchers taking part in social activities espoused,or took interest in, the social policy school as it dealt with emerging issues ofsociety.
The Society for the Study of Social Policy comprised a wide range of econo­
mists as well as political scientists, for there was no equivalents in those days: andthe increased membership of young economists of national and private universities
invigorated the Society.
Some of those young members with liberalist idea criticized the Society's
conservative, (though not unsympathetic) attitude toward socialism. Thus the con­flict developed within the Society between the conservatives and the liberalists; thelatter insisted upon the admission of the leaders of socialistic labour movement,
while the former held fast to anti-socialist ground. The First World War gave impetus
to more democratic ideas, which also affected the universities. With Marxist ideas
being introduced and disseminated, public awareness of social problems grew. As
attitudes changed the Society could not survive. In 1924 the last general meeting
was held at Osaka. It was perhaps the end of an era in Japan.
However, the Society for the Study of Social Policy contributed greatly not
only to the promotion of economic associations but also to the development of
economics and social sciences as a whole. Before it was dissolved, annual meetings
were held sixteen times in total, convening a large number of economic researchers
including bureaucrats and Marxists, and part of the result of their discussion was
published in the form of collected papers. The issues and questions raised in thecourse of its operation and activities are part of our academic heritage.
-3-

Taking over the name and achievement of the Society which died out in 1924,
the Society for the Study of Social Policy started afresh in 195 0. The present Society
was fortunate in being able to take advantage of the process of democratization in
postwar Japan.
III
Along with the history of the Society for the Study of Social Policy, attention
should be paied to the influence of German historical school on Japanese circles of
economics from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 1920s.
The economics introduced from England, the United States, and France
eventually gave way to German economics, especially in natonal universities. Follow­
ing the advocacy of protectionist economic policy, the school in support of social
policy became highly influential. Meanwhile, in the area of research on economic
history, the German historical school exercised great influence. Among the re­searchers who played leading roles in consolidating the historical school in Japan
during this period was Tokuzo FUKUDA.11 l While studying in Germany, he wrote
a thesis in German and published it in 1900 under the title of "Die Gesellschaftlicheund Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Japan". In this writing, the methodology ofGerman historical school was directly applied to Japanese economic history in an
unprecedented way. After a short while FUKUDA's thesis in German was translated
into Japanese, thereby influencing the development of the study of Japanese eco­nomic history up to this day.12 lWorld War I ushered in the so-called "Taisho democracy" and the new
ideology of Marxism. Tokuzo FUKUDA, while participating in the democratic
movement, engaged in a dispute upon Marxist economics with Hajime KAWAKAMI13 l
who, together with some other researchers, were pioneers of Marxism. FUKUDA's
thesis was not necessarily criticizing Marxian methodology. But as researchers ofhistory and economic history became more confident, they began to call themselves"Japanese historical school" and embarked upon the criticism of "materialistic viewof history."
Economic historians thus split into two groups:
one aimed at the establishment of Japanese economics in accordance with the historical shool (and against
Marxism) while the other proposed Marxism as a new methodology for furthering
the study of economic history in Japan. In 1930 general agreement was reached.
Economic historians and specialists in the history of economic thought, social history,
and history of law were united to inaugurate the Socio-Economic History Society
with view to establishing an interdiciplinary study of economic history.
This new trend encouraged the remarkable growth of economic history andassociated subjects. The unity of scholars and, specifically, the inauguration of Socio­
Economic History Society had an important bearing upon the development ofsocial sciences at large.
(1) Tokuzo FUKUDA (1874— 1930) taught in Tokyo Commercial School
which was later upgraded to Tokyo Commercial College, the predecessorof the present Hitotsubashi University.
(2) T. FUKUDA's academic advisor in German university was L. Brentano.
(3) Hajime KAWAKAMI (1879-1946) was a professor of Kyoto Imperial
University, but later resigned to play an active part in the circles out­side universities.
-4-

Beside the above-mentioned societies, the following were founded before theend of World War II:
The Agricultural Economic Socicety of Japan (1924),
Japanese Academy of Management Science (1926), Japan Statistical Society (1931),
The Japan Business English Association(1934), The Japan Society of Economics(1939), Japan Economic Policy Association (1940), and Japanese Fiscal Science
Association (1940). With relatively large number of specialists, the areas coveredby these societies showed higher growth than others before the Second World War.
IV
From the end of the 19th century to the 1920s a new wave of economists
emerged opposed to those who advocated both the historical school and social
policy school. These men advocated "Modem economics,"
The growth and prosperity brought by World War I did not last long. The
post-war boom collapsed in 1920, and the public became increasingly aware of
the contradictions and deficiencies of society. Encouraged by the democratic
climate of Japan and the Rusian Revolution, there was an upsurge of the labour
movement. Against this backdrop, Marxist ideology and the economics based on
Marxism pervaded the country in a short period. Marxism gradually took root inJapan, and the complete translation of Das Kapital was made between 1920 and
1923. Dr. Kawakami, as was mentioned above, was a great contributer to the pro­mulgation of Marxism particularly in Kansai area(the western part of Japan). In
Kanto area (the eastern part of Japan), on the other hand, Hyoe OUCHI cleared
the way for the development of Marxian economics in academic circles. Presumably
their position as professors of national unversities caused the authorities to suspect
them; the two scholars were rounded up by the police and Hajime KAWAKAMI,
who had committed himself to social movement as an activist, was punished.
With the in-depth research into its theory, Marxian economics in Japan maderapid progress lending itself to the analysis of the history and structure of Japanese
economy. The discernment and brilliance of Marxian economists presented a sharp
contrast to the scholars who, after studying in Europe, tended to follow European
textbooks in parrot fashion, or to apply the methodology of foreign economists
intact.
Marxian economists also paved the way for the study of Japanese capitalism
and its history of development, which is now regarded as one of the most significant
areas of social sciences in Japan.(1 l From around 1936 to the end of World War II,
however, study of this field and publicaiton of its result were halted under the pres­sure of government authorities. As militarism and fascism held sway over thenation, all the Marxian and liberalist economists suffered persecution.
With the end of th war, academic freedom was reestablished, and the research
into the history of Japanese capitalism revived. Up to this day, themes with regard
to this field have never failed to appear in the general meetings and organs of econo(1)The questions and arguments raised in this area ranged very wide. The
major point of controversy was the interpretation of the Meiji Resto­
ration; some people defined it as modern popular revolution, though it
was lackirrg in thoroughness, and some interpreted it as absolutism.
The arguments were also concerned with theoretical economics of Marx.
-5-mic associations.
In connection with Marxian economics, special circumstances of Japanese
economists must be taken into account. In Japan, like in other countries, there aresome researchers who take a Marxist approach in promoting their socialist movement.
But Japanese economists are often detached from social or political movement instudying the original writings and economic theories of Marx; their research work
is more likely to be conducted at a secondary levels. Before World War II the
structural analysis based upon Marxian economic theory proved to be very effec­
tive in dissecting the Japanese economy and its process of development whichcannot be simply explained with quantitative analysis.
In parallel with theoretical study of Marxian economics, classical economics
which was developed by Adam Smith, T.R. Malthus and J.A. Mill was eagerly studied
to make economic history clear. Those economists embracing Marxism also realizedthat a fresh look at the classicists would be advantagious, and they began to study
the classical school as well as examine mercantilism and French physiocracy initiatedby Fran�ois Quesnay.
As economic history research progressed, excellent results were produced one
after another from the 1920s to the 1930s.
Among those who played leading roles in introducing the modern economics
was Tokuzo FUKUDA, who, along with the Marxian economist Dr. Kawakami,
was regarded as the doyen in the academic circles of economists. Fukuda's contri—
bution to the transference of the theory of historical school, as we have seen, mustbe highly esteemed. Later in his life he championed the theory of welfare economics
developed by A.C. Pigou. Another economist who laid the foundation of modem
economics was Yasuma TAKADA. After shifting his speciality from sociology toeconomics, he also criticized Marxian economics and came to be known by his"power theory."
Influenced by neoclassicists including W.S. Jevons, M.E. Warlras and Alfred
Marshall, and also by welfare economists such as Pigou, Japanese modern economics
started off by criticising Marxism in the latter half of the 1920s. Later the theories
of J.A. Schumpeter and J.M. Keynes were also adopted by the researchers of modem
economics, and they steadily gained ground in the academic world such as Tokyo
Commercial College and Tokyo Imperial University from the end of the 1930s tothe beginning of the war.
Japanese economics in the 1930s thus seemed to be on the right track leading
to full development, when the way was blocked by the Second World War and.theemerging fascism. Marxian economics was entirely oppressed and modern economics
was also nipped in the bud. As there were only a small number of researchers ineach specialized area only a few economic socieites were founded. In view of thisfact, it is surprising to note the establishment of intercollegeate associations before
the First World War in such areas as insurance science, social policy, agricultural
economics, business administariton, statistics, economic history, business English,
accounting, and fiscal science.

-6-

＞Defeat of Japan in World War II and subsequent policies of the occupation
forces for democratization accelerated the progress of social sciences including
economics. Marxist economics, particularly after the severe oppression during thewar, gained momentum with the establishment of academic freedom and the freedomof speech, thought and the press. Those Marxian economists who had been imprison­ed or ousted from universities returned to their research and educational work.卜
Liberalist economists also could further their study without reserve. On the other
hand, those scholars who had supported extreme nationalism and militalism werebanished from universities.
Results of various researches which were conducted under the influence ofMarxist theory became available. In the aftermath of war, Japanese economics atlarge seemed somewhat inactive. But a vacuum in economic circles was partly filled
up with the research work based on marxian economics. In 1959 Japan Society of
Political Economy was inaugurated by Marxian economists. The economic research­ers of other schools who had an interest in Marxism were also admitted to theSociety. When we consider the ideological conflicts often observed among thefactions of Marxist school, this attitude and policy of Japan Society of Political
Economy must be greatly valued.
The influence of Keynesianism, which had already been seen in prewar days,
began to affect modem economics, and new theories of Western economists such as
P.A. Samuelson were also introduced to Japan. Many young economists went
over to the United States to study, making a contribution to the progress anddissemination of modern economics. There were many more professors and lecturersof the modem economic school (in both national and private universities) after theSecond World War. Modem economics was held in high regard by govenment
officials, and public agencies began to adopt its theories and approaches in formulat­
ing policies. The specialists of modem economics were called upon to assist the
government as members of its councils, in which they eventually came to play
crucial roles.
In 1959 the Japanese Association of Econometrics was organized in order topromote the activities of specialists and strengthen intercollegeate solidarity. Its
predecessor was the Association of Theoretical Economics established by theoretical
economists in 1934, later suspended because fo the war. In 1967 the Japanese
Association of Econometrics was combined with the Association of Econometrics
which had been operated by modem economists, giving birth to the Japanese As­
sociation of Theoretical Economics. The merger of the two Associaitons helped tofurther the solidarity of modem economists a great deal.
Management science also became active following the lead of the United States.
With its territory broadened, it made steady progress not only in research but also
in teaching. Noteworthy development was achieved in accounting and commercial
sciences, too.
The shift of higher educational institutes to the American system as part ofoccupation reforms brought about a sharp increase in number of universities. Thischange coupled with the liberalization of academic pursuit, pushed forward thefounding of economic department, department of business administration, depart-7-

ment of commercial science, etc.. Economics and business administration marked
high growth not only in number of researchers but also in quality of study.
Under these conditions, the number of the societies of economics and businessadministration also sharply increased; currently those registered in the Science
Council of Japan total 38, and the member societies of the Union of National
Economic Associations in Japan are 31.
Those societies comprise almost all the specialists of respective areas in universi­
ties and other institutes. Both Marxist economists and "modern" economists
constitute the members of each society, though there are a few exceptional societies
to which only Marxist economists or those who take interest in Marxism are admitt­ed. In recent years, importance is being attributed to the international exchange of
economic societies.
Most of these societies issue organs periodically(monthly, bimonthly, quarterly,or annually), and general meetings are convened usually once a year (but some ofthem hold sectional meetings several times a year). The meetings are generally
programmed under the headings of "free themes" and "common themes."
The Union of National Economic Associations in Japan (1 l was established in1950 modelled on the Third Section (section of economics, commercial science andbusiness administration) of the Science Council of Japan (2 l founded in the previous
year. The union is playing in important role in developing scientific study in inter­national arena.
(1) For the admission, an examination of applicants'qualification is con­ducted in accordance with a fixed standard.
(2) The Science Council of Japan was established according to the Law of
Science Council of Japan that was promulgated and enforced in 1948.
As an organization which represents Japanese scientists both at home
and abroad, it promotes the development of science and aims at per­meation of science under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister in orderto improve the administration and national life. Its management is
independent from the government, but it is subject to government
inquiry, while giving necessary advices to the government. The Science
Council of Japan, which consists of seven sections according to specializ­
ed areas such as the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences,
holds 210 members who are elected by mutual vote among scientists.

-8-THE JAPAN ACCOUNTING ASSOCIATION(NIHON KAIKEI KENKYU GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Japan Accounting Association was established on December 24, 1937. The
Japan Society of Accounting was established in 1917 and had a membershipof some 1,000 for 20 years. Most of the members were business leaders,accounting officials of business corporations and other professionals. Few
members were scholars of accounting. Accordingly, there was a growing moveamong 90 scholar members of the Society to set up their own academicorganization, independent of the Society. On June 2 6, 1937, eight of the
90 scholars held a meeting to work on the establishment of such a body at
Josui Hall in Hitotsubashi, Tokyo. The eight founding fathers were : Ryozo
YOSHIDA, Tetsuzo OHTA, Kinzo SANBE, Gen MURASE, Seiichi OKADA,
Yoshio WATANABE, Yasubei HASEGAWA and Kiyoshi KUROSAWA. After aseries of preparatory meetings, the Japan Accounting Association was inaugu­
rated on December 24, 1937, when the regulations of the Association were
worked out and ten directors were selected. Ryozo YOSHIDA was named as
the representative of the Association.
On May 20, 1938, the members of the
Association met for their first two-day national convention at Josui Hall in
Hitotsubashi, Tokyo, with Hitotsubashi University (then Tokyo College ofCommerce) as Secretariat. Since then, the Association has continued todevelop as a professional academic organization by holding annual national
conventions alternately in the Tokyo and Osaka districts except during thefour years from 1944.
The regulations of the Association were revised and Tetsuzo OHTA was voted ashead of the board of directors at the first post-war convention of the Association
held in May, 1948 at Chuo University. The Association had been led by thehead of the board of directors until 1969. Thereafter a chairman was elected.
The first president was Kiyoshi KUROSAWA, who was the second head of thedirectors. The present president, Shigeo AOKI, was elected in 1975.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Shigeo AOKI (Waseda University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of members:

1,474

ACTIVITIES• Meetings: National convention - annual
Regional meetings - one to three times a year in each of the six regions through—out the country.
• Special themes, reports and reporters of national conferences, 1976 - 1980:
197 6 : (1) What Accounting Principles Should be?
"The Significance of the Existence of Corporate AccountingStandards", Hiroshi YOSHIDA (Kobe University of Commerce)"The Nature of Accounting Principles" , Hideo UNAYAMA,
-9-

(2)

(3)

1977 : (1)(2)(Yokohama City University)"Institutional Nature of Accounting Principles", Eiichiro OGURA(Shiga University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Kyojiro SOMEYA(Waseda
University)
The Limitation and Nature of Managerial Accounting Information"Decision-relevant Information in Managerial Accounting", Naomi
TSUMAGARI(University of Tokyo )"The Limitaion and Nature of Management Accounting Informationfrom the Viewpoint of Profit Concept", Osamu NISHIZA WA(Waseda University)"The Essence and Limit of Mangerial Accounting", Yasuo INOUE(Seinan Gakuin University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Kazuo MI�OGUCHI(Kobe
University)
Some Problems on System Audit"Structure of System Audit and its Problems", Koji OYACHI(Shiga University)"The Effects of EDP on the Auditor's Behavior", 、 Hidetoshi
KAWAI(Aichi University)"A Study as to Information-audit", Masao OYAMA(Yokohama
National University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Otojiro KUBOTA(Kyoto
Gakuen University)
Accounting Problems in Responding to Changing Prices"What is the Semantic Content of Current Cost Information?",Isao NAKANO(Kobe University)"Basic Problems of Current Cost Accounting Proposed in UK",
Syonosuke SHIRATORI(Seijo University)"Fundamental Problems in Current Cost Accounting", Tomoji
FUJITA(Konan University)"Implications and Principles of Current Market Price Accounting"
Shigeyoshi KIMURA(Meiji University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Seigo NAKAJIMA(Inter­national Christian University)
Re-examination of Business Analysis"Some Problems of Value Added Analysis", Kiyoshi OGAWA(Waseda University)"The Development in the Break-even Point Analysis", Masatoshi
HIRATA(Seinan Gakuin University)"A Study on the System of Management Ratio-Analysis forManagement Decision Making", Toshio KAMEKAWA(ToyoUniversity)"Re-examination of Balance Sheets Items in Business Analysis",
Osamu AOKI(Nagoya Institute of Technology)
Round Table Discussion presided by Kazuo MIZOGUCHI(Kobe
Unviersity)-10-(3) Some Problems and Method on the Audit of Consolidated Financiaf
Statements"Some Problems on the Audit of Consolidated Financial State­ments", Hajime MISAWA(Seikei University)"Features of Audit of Consolidated Financial Statements in Japanand their Enforcement Issues", Tamotsu KOUNO (CPA)"Some Approaches for Consolidated Statements Auditing",
Minoru MORI(Kagawa University)"Some Problems on the Audit of Consolidated Financial State­ments", Ichiei KOUNO(Daito Bunka University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Toshio IINO(Chuo University)
1978 : (1) Financial Accounting in Some New Perspectives"On Accounting Standards Setting Body", Yukio FUJITA(Waseda
University)"Establishing Accounting Standards and Interest Groups", Hiroshi
YOSHIDA(Kobe University of Commerce)"Setting New Accounting Standards", Minoru EMURA(Universityof Tokyo)"Setting Corporate Accounting Standards-For What, How and
Who?", Seigo NAKAJIMA(lntemational Christian University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Kaichiro BANBA(Hitotsubashi
University)(2) Cost Management in Some New Perspectives"The Management of Fixed Costs—Its Evolution on and Con­
temporary Problems", Hiroshi ITO(Yokohama City University)"Some Control Problems on Fixed Costs", Masaaki MIYAMOTO(Osaka University)"On the Ideas and Methods for the Management of Fixed Costs",
Yasushi YAMAGATA(Osaka City University)"Sunk Cost Concept and its Function in Fixed Costs Manage­
ment", Yasuo KOBAYASHl(Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Round Table Discussion Presided by Kaichi KIUCHl(Osaka Uni­
versity)(3) The Institution of Auditing in Some New Perspectives"Social Responsiblity of CPA in the Financial Auditing", Masaatsu
TAKADA(Kobe University)"On the Problems of Audit in Japan", Yoshinori IZAKl(Nagasaki
Prefectural University of International Economics)"Judgements and Responsibilities in Auditing--Toward the Peer
Review", Bunji AOYAGl(Yokohama City University)"Problems on Auditors'Responsibilities and Auditing Standards",
Hideo TAGUCHI(CPA)
Round Table Discussion presided by Toshio IINO(Chuo University)
1979:(1) A ccountrng and Communication"Accounting Communication and Field Theory", Bunji AOYAGI(Yokoha血City University)"Accounting Communication with Investors", Katsunosuke,-11-MOROI(University of Tokyo )"Accounting and Communication", Minoru MORl(Kagawa
University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Yasuichi SAKAMOTO(Osaka Gakuin University)(2) The Accounting and Law"The Characters of Legislation Regulating the Several Aspects ofFinancial Accounting", Minoru EMURA(University of Tokyo)"On the Relationship of Business Accounting and Tax Account­ing", Yukio TOMIOKA(Chuo University)"Revolution of the Accounting as a Law", Shigeyoshi KIMURA(Soka University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Kaichiro BANBA(Hitotsubashi
University)(3) Foundation of Accounting Institµtion"On the Individuality as an Underlying Principle in Accounting",
Akira W AKASUGl(Yokohama National University)"The Foundation of Accounting as a Social Institution", Seigo
NAKAJIMA(lnternational Christian University)"Foundation of Accounting Institution and Institutional Account­ing", Ryuji TAKEDA(Kobe University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Kazuo MIZOGUCHI(Kobe
University)
1980 : (1) Tendencies Towards Development of Financial Accounting"Towards the Development of International Financial Reporting:Translation Problems", Shonosuke SHIRATORI(Seijo University)"An Extension of the Basic Concepts in Income Determination",
Takao SAITO(Nagoya University)"Toward a Tendency to Development of Financial Accounting
and Postulate of Entity", Yasuichi SAKAMOTO(Osaka Gakuin
University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Ryuji TAKEDA(Kobe
University)(2) A Perspective of Managerial Accounting Theory"Accounting for Performance Control : Relevance and Fairness
in Decentralized Organizations", Tetsuo KOBAY ASHI(Kobe
University)"A Perspective Managerial Accounting Theory", Naomi 1SUMAGARI(University of Tokyo)
Round Table Discussion presided by Kiyoshi OKAMOTO(Hitotsu­
bashi University)(3) Tendencies towards Development of Legal Financial Accounting"Toward the Development of Legal Accounting", Yasuo MORIKAWA(Meiji University)"On the Development of Social Responsibility Reporting Laws",
Yasushi YAMAGATA(Osaka City University)"Towards the Development of Institutional Accounting", Tadas凪
-12-NAKAMURA(Hitotsubashi University)
Round Table Discussion presided by Yoshio AIDA(Keio University)
PUBLICATIONS• Monthly bulletin, "Kaikei" (Accounting)• Contents of the last number (June 1981) :Leading Articles:"The Audit in Company Act Amendment", Toshio SAKAMAKI(Waseda
University).
"The Amendment of the Japanese Company Act and Income Statement", Seigo
NAKAJIMA(Intemational Christian University)"New Auditing Rules in the Amendment Bill of Commercial Code", Kiyomitsu
ARAI(Waseda University)"Evolution of Accounting for the Rechenschaft in Commercial Code", Hideyoshi
ANDO(Hitotsubashi University)"On Consistency Problems in the Revised Commercial Law", Yasuo MORIKAWA(Meiji University)"Various Issues oflndependent Auditor's Audit under the Japanese Commercial
Code", Tokugoro MURAY AMA(CPA)
Materials:"CASB's Cost Accounting Standards", Management Accounting Study Group of
Kobe University"The Axiomatic Structure of Conventional Accounting", Mikihito NISHIMURA(Shiga University)"On the Corporate Social Reports in West Germany", Toshiaki UEDA(Fuji
University)
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• The American Accounting Association
The Academy of Accounting Historians
The International Federation of Accountants• Invitation of foreign scholars( l 976 - 1980):
1977: R.C. Spinosa Cattela(N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven,
Holland)1978: Sidney Davidson(University of Chicago)
Roderick Hills(Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington)
M.F. Bywater(The Library of the Institute of Chartered Accountants,
London)1979: Maurice Moonitz(University of California, Berkeley)
Edward Stamp(University of Lancaster)
1980: Gerhard G. Mueller(University of Washington, Seattle)
Mission of Chinese Finance Bureau Officials• Members dispatched to overseas conferences( l 976 - 1980):
1976: Kojiro NISHIKAWA(Nihon University) to:
The Second World Congress of Accounting Historians, Atlanta, USA
Kenkichi
MATSUO(Meiji University) to:
1977:

-13-

1978:

1980:

The Fourth International Conference on Accounting
Education, Berlin and
The Eleventh International Congress of Accountants,
Mtinchen, West Germany
Kaichi KIUCHI(Osaka University) to:
The 1978 Annual Meeting of the American Accounting Association,
Denver, USA
Kiyomitsu ARAI(Waseda University) to:
The 1980 Annual Meeting of the American Accounting Association,
Boston, USA

ADDRESS• Liaison Office of the Japan Accounting Association
Room 306, Ogawamachi Building, 3 Ogawamachi 1-chome,
Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo IO I, Japan(Kyojiro SOMEYA)-14-

THE AGRARIAN HISTORY SOCIETY(TOCHISEIDO SHI GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Agrarian History Society: Established on June 26, 1948.
The society held a symposium on "Capital and Land Ownership" at its national
convention in 1978 to mark the 30th anniversary of the founding. The aimof the symposium was to review the academic achievements of the society fromthe end of World War II, and to consider the then situation and future pro­
spects of the society. There are currently more than 900 members and the
publication of its own quarterly bulletin has been successful with younger
member scholars' active contributions. Looking back the course of the so­ciety history, which was not always smooth, it can be divided into the follow­
ing three periods:• I. The Early Period
The rural land reform in Japan was conducted as part of the nation's democ­
ratization following the termination of World War II, aiming at dissolution of"Jinushian" land ownership and fundamental reformation of the militaristic
and feudalistic structure of Japanese capitalism.
One of the tasks facing experts and scholars involved in the post-war reforms
was to grasp both the theoretical and practical aspects of rural land reforms.
In order to achieve such a task, the society was established by scholars andexperts in such various fields as economics, economic history, agricultural
policy and law. Among the academic interests of the society in this period
were, 1) the definition of the land reform in historical perspectives, 2 ) the
relation of land reform to the structure of reproduction, and 3 ) the land
reform in world history.
The first national conference of the society was held in June 1950, following
seminar meetings on eleven occasions.
• II. The Developing Period
The society published Bulletin "Toshiseidoshigaku" from 1954 to 1957. In
1958, to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the founding, the first volume of"Toshiseidoshigaku", a quarterly journal, was inaugurated.
In the early days conferences had no special focus but later a special theme
was chosen for each national convention. The first two special themes were
"The Transfer from Feudalism to Capitalism in Japan" and "The Land Rent
as Category in the Era of Reformation" respectively.
The society continued to develop with an increasing number of members
and local associations, and in addition to the autumnal national conventions,spring national conventions came into being during the developing period.
With the completion of the rural land reform, however, the society graduatly
shifted its academic focus to, among other things, the land ownership after
the rural land reforms, and historical and structural relations between agri—
cultural productivity and the class structure of rural society.
● III. Period of Organizational Reform
The society has made up of two main divisions, since around 1960, one for thetheory and theoretical analysis of present conditions and the other for the-15-historical analysis. Each division alternately has organized annual national
conventions of the society, which resulted a tendency as academic interests
within the society became disintegrated.
Against this tendency, the two main divisions began to call for stronger
unity of the society as a whole in recent years. The symposium held in 1978,
commemorating the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the society, wasof great significance in the sense that it provided an opportunity for a frank ex­change of opinions over the frame of the divisions. Further, the society is now
working on organizational reforms.
REPRESENTATIVE• Representative Director:

Kaichiro OISHI (University of Tokyo)

MEMBERSHIP• Number of members: 923
ACTIVITIES• Meetings:

national convention - twice a year
seminar meetings - twelve times a year
• Special themes and reporters at national conventions, 1976 - 1980:
1976: European Social Movements in the period of Industrial Revolution"Karl Marx's Image of Bourgeoisie Society in Transition", Yasushi
YAMANOUCHI (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)"Food Riots in the 18th Century England", Kazuhiko KONDO(Universityof Tokyo)"German Social Movements in the period of Industrial Revolution,
1848-1849", Osamu Y ANAGISAW A (Tokyo Metropolitan University)
1977: The Labor Force in the Post-war Reproduction Structure"A Statistical Analysis, Distribution of National Income by Social Classand Stratum", Masanori NOZAWA (Kyoto University)"The Production Structure and Labor Forces in the Iron and Steel
Industry, an Analysis of the Basic Structure of the Heavy Chemical
Industry after World War II", Satoshi NIHEI (Senshu University)"The Mobilization of Agricultural Labor,Wage Structure and Landowner­
ship", Yoichi TASHIRO (Yokohama National University)
1978: Capital and Land OwnershipI.
The Making and Development of Capitalism and Land Ownership(1) Pre-capitalistic Modes of Land Ownership"Asiatic Mode of Production", Kimio SHIOZAWA(Nagoya University)"The Feudal Land Ownership and its Dissolution", Kohachiro TAKAHASHI(Soka University) and Hideo TSUDA(Kansai University)(2) The Establishment of Industrial Capital and its Transition to Monopolistic
Capital"Patterns of the Reproduction and Credit Structuer under the Stering
System in the Early Period of Imperialism", Akihiko YOSHIOKA-16-

(Tohoku University), Yasuo GONJO (Yokohama National University)and Koji FUJISE (Nagoya University)"Problems of Agriculture and Farmers in the Early 20th Century
Russia, their Structural Characteristics and a Prospect for Reforms",
Shizuma HINATA (Hirohsima University)(3) The Development of Japanese Capitalism and the "Jinushian" Landowner­
ship"The Establishment of Japanese Capitalism and its Transition toImperialism in Relation to "Jinushian" Landlord System", Masanori
NAKAMURA (Hitotsubashi University)"The "Jinushian" Lanadlord during Showa Panic and the War", Shuzo,
TERUOKA (Shinshu University) and Yoshiaki NISHIDA (University ofTokyo)
II. Postwar Japanese Capitalism and Agriculture - Land Problems(1) Postwar Japanese Capitalism, its Structure and Confrontation"Postwar Japanese Capitalism in Historical Perspectives", Masanari
KOBAYASHI (Musashi University)"The Postwar Structure of Iron and Steel Production", Rikiya
NABESHIMA (Senshu University)"The Present Class Structure and Confrontation", Yuji KATOH (Senshu
University) and Miyoko SHIMAZAKI(Nihon University of Welfare)(2) Postwar Agriculture - Land Problems, the Structure and Sublation"Postwar Japanese Capitalism and Rural Land Reform", Nobuhiro
UEHARA (Shizuoka University)"Agriculture - Lnad Problems, its Present and Future", Makoto HOSHI(Tokyo University of Agriculture)"The Reproduction Structure and Agriculture - Land Problems under
the Socialist Economy", Ayako HIRANO (Keio University)
1979: The Development of Local Industries and the Rural Structure in Pre-war
Japanese Capitalism"Regional Organization of Factories in Pre-war Japanese Capitalism, aStatistical Analysis", Tetsuo KONDO (Nagoya University)"The Factory System and the Rural Structure in Local Textile Industry,a Study of Regional Types", Haruki KANDACHI (Okayama University)、"The Development of Ashikaga Textile Industry and Changes in the
Rural Structure, Formation and Disruption of "Pattern", Tadashi
FURUSHO (Komazawa University)"The Industry and Rural Structure in Bisai District", Tomoji INAMI(Nagoya University )"Regional Characteristics of the Raw Silk Industry", Kanji ISHII(University of Tokyo)
1980: Some Aspects of Contradictions Perceived at the Current Stage of Crisis"Capital Accumulation and Stagflation", Yasuhiko YONEDA(Fukushima University)"Heavy Industry and Its Policies against Crisis, with Special Reference
to Shipbuilding and Automobile Industries", Seigo MIZOTA (Senshu-17-University)"Aspects of Crisis in Labor Problems, Industrial Relations and Labor
Movement",MasamiMIYOSHI (Ritsumeikan University)
PUBLICATIONS.
• Tochi Seido Shigaku (The Journal of Agrarian History) -- quarterly• Contents of the last number (No.90, Spring, 1981 ):Articles:"Reorganization of the Coal Cartel and State Intervention
in Weimar Germany: a Study on the Rheinish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate
1924 - 1925", TanMATSUI"State and Peasants in the First Years of Revolutionary
Russia: from a Policy of Food Dictatorship to Remodeling Poor PeasantCommittee", Norie ISHII"Reconsideration of the Causes of the Farmers'Movement in the UnitedStates, 1880s and 1890s", SatoruMUROTANIBook Reviews:
Kenzo KITAGAWA, on Tsuneo YASUDA, "Fascism in Japan and Mass
Movement: from the Viewpoint of Historical Situations in Rural Areaof Nagano Prefecuture"
Kunio NIWA, on Hirohsi HOJO, "Development of Local Administra­tion inMeiji Era and Land Reform"
Takashi MORI, on Junko NISHIKAWA, "A Study on Corporation
Financing in the United States of the 1920s"
Hideo TSUDA, on Osamu WAKITA(ed.), '、Historical Analysis of
Osaka District in Later Feudal Era"
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Association Internationale d'Histoire EconomiqueCommission Internationale d'Histoire desMovements Sociaux et desStructures Sociales
ADDRESS• Agrarian History Society
c/o Institute of Social Science
The University of Tokyo
7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan( Junko NISHIKAWA )-18-

THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN(NIPPON NOGYO KEIZAI GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE.
• The Agricultural Economic Society of Japan was established on Nov. 19, 1924.
The issues of agriculture and rural society raised important problems in thiscountry after World War I. The Agricultural Economic Society of Japan wasestablished to form a basis of advanced studies of social science on agriculture
and rural society to meet the needs of the times. The founders of the society
were 70 individuals including Kumao TAKAOKA, Yasushi SAWAMURA,
Denzaemon HASHIMOTO, Tadaatsu ISHIGURO, Kanji SATO and Shiroshi
NASU. The society, with an extensive list of scholars on agricultural economics
and rural socilogy, has continued its activities, except during and immediately
after World War II, by holding annual conventions and occasional seminars.
In addition, the society has published widely the academic achievements ofmember scholars in the bulletin of the society. The 52nd volume of the bulletin
was issued in March, 1981.
REPRESENTATIVE• Chairman: Chihiro NAKAJIMA(Kyoto University)
MEMBERSHIP• Honorary members 18, regular members 1,059, associate members(students)
125, cooperative members 27.
ACTIVITES• Meetings: national convention - annual, seminars - occasional• Special themes and reporters at national conventions, 1976 - 1980:
1976: Land Problems in Japanese Agriculture"The Transfiguration of Agricultureal Structure and Peasant Proprietor­ship", K. INOUE(Tokyo University of Agriculture and Techonology)"Rural Community(Shuraku), Land and Peasantry - To Promote
Land Utilization", I. ADACHI(Shimane University)"Contemporary Land Use Problems and Farm Management in Japanese
Agriculture", F. SUZUKI(National Institute of Agricultural Science)"Policies and Problems on Land", H. ISHII(Komazawa University)
1977: Regional Agricultural Development and Agricultural Policy"A Critical Review on the Thought of Regional Agricultural Develop­
ment", M. TANAKA(University of Tokyo)"Problems of Agricultural Policy on Promotion of Regional Agriculture- In the Example of Okinawa Prefecture", I. Ito(Saga University)"Some Viewpoints on the Agricultureal Development in Village Level",
T. Tenma(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)"The Subjects for Reorganization on the Regional Agriculture", A.
ONISHI(Hokuriku Agricultural Experiment Station)
1978: Farm Product Price Problems in Japanese Agriculture"Past Rice Price Problems Seen from Today's Perspective", S. USUI
-19-

(Niigata University)"Milk Overproduction and Milk Price Policy", T. SUZUKI(Shimane
University)"Regional Agriculture and Price Policy: With Emphasis on the Citrus
Industry", S. KIRINO(The Norinchukin Bank)"The Relationship between Structural Change and Prices in Regional
Agriculture", C. SHICHINOHE(Hokkaido University)
1979: Agriculture under Low Growth Economy in Japan"Fall in the Growth Rate of the Japnese Economy and Consequential
Changes in the Costs of Farm Production", F. EGAITSU(University ofTokyo)"Problems of Labour Market and Part-time Households at the Present
Stage", Y. TASHIRO(Yokohama National University)"Regional Agriculture in the Low Growth Economy", T. YOSHIDA(Kyoto University)
1980: Social and Economic Aspects of Co-operatives in Agricultural and
Rural Development"Regional Control of Land Proprietorship by Farmers - A Social
Framework of the Collective Land Use Systems", T. ISOBE(National
Research Institute of Agricultural Economics)"Agricultural Crisis and the Price Problems of Agricultural Products", J.
Hanada(Kyushu University)"Changes of Agricultural Co-operatives and the Problems", N. SAEKI(University of Tokyo)"Problems Facing the Organizations of Agricultural Co-operatives andthe Measures to Cope with", S. MIY AGAWA(The Central Union ofAgricultural Cooperatives)
PUBLICATIONS• Bulletin of the society, "Nogyokeizai Kenkyu"(fournal of Rural Economics ) -­quarterly• Contents of the last number (Vol. 52, No. 4, March 1981):"On the Subjective Equilibrium of Commercial Upland Farm", H. HORIUCHI"The Actual Condition of Monopolistic Prices in the Department of Production
Goods for Agriculture, 1970 - 1977 (New SNA)'', Y. IWATANI"The Changing Structure of Australian Beef Cattle Industry - The 1660's andl 970's", S. KOBAYASHI
Note: Recent Trends and Problems of Research on "Regional Agricultural
Theory" - Centering around Field of Farm Management Research,
M. TSUJI
Book Reviews:
S. URAKI, "The Transformation Process of Peasant in Japan" by S. MARUTA
T. TASHIRO, "The Study of Land Economy" by K. SAKAMOTO
T. WADA, "Modern Agriculture and Land Use Planning" by T. KOJIMAS. YAMADA, "Regional Agriculture and Peasant Education" by J. SAKAI
K. SAKAMOTO, "Lectures on the Rent" by I. KAJII-20-

RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• A considerable number of our members hold the membership of the Inter­national Association of Agricultural Economists
ADDRESS:• The Agricultural Economic Society of Japan
c/o Business Center for Academic Societies Japan
2-4-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan(Hitoshi SAITO)-21-

JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR ASIAN POLITICAL
AND ECONOMIC STUDIESDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT• Japan Association for Asian Political and Economic Studies was establishedon May 5 in 1953.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Shinkichi ETO(University of Tokyo)
MEMBERSHIP• Members: 600
ACTIVITES• The association holds annual meetings open to all members. In addition to thisannual meeting, the association holds two meeting every year, one of which
covers the members in eastern Japan and the other covers weastem Japan.
• The main theme of the annual meeting, 1976 - 1980:
1976: Government and Enterprises in Asian Countries"General Introduction", Shinichi ICHIMURA(Kyoto University)" National Enterprises and Chinese Industrialization': Takashi KOBAYASIIl(Saitama University)"Industrialization and Government Investment", Ichiro YAMANAKA(Institute of Developing Economies)"Nationalization in Bangladesh", Tsuneo NAKAUCHl(lntemational
Christian University)
1977: Tension and Political Instability in Asia
"Cultural Conflict and Political Instability", Hideichiro NAKANO(Kansaigakuin University)"Economic Development and Political Instability", Yasuhiko TORII(Keio University)"Choice of Political Path and Political Instability", Seiichiro TAKAGI(Saitama University)"Politics in Political Instability", Toru Y ANO(Kyoto University)"Social Change and Political Instability", Hikosaku OZAKI(Osaka City
University)
1978: Tradition and Innovation in Asia
"Political Mobilization of Traditional Powers towards Revolution",
Hiroaki YO KOY AMA(Meiji-gakuin University)"Political Culture and National Integration in Indonesia': Sakae MAOfANI(Asia University)"Tradition and Innovation in Malaysian Politics", Shinichi NAGAI(Hiroshima University)"Industrialization and Formation of Enterprise-groups", Takao TANIURA(Institute of Developing Economies)'�Managements in Southeast Asia': Kunio YOSHIHARA(Kyoto University)"Modernization of Traditional Managements in India", Shoji ITO-22-

(Institute of Developing Economies)
1979: Bureaucracy in Asia
"Changes in Behavior of Bureaucrats in Asia",MinoruOH UCHI((Instituteof Developing Economies)"Characteristics of Thai Bureaucracy", Kei AKAGI(Osaka Foreign
Languages University)"On Bureaucracy in China", Teiichi IKEGAMI(Aichi University)
1980: New Directions in Area Studies"New View-points in the Methodology of Area Studies", Minoru
KONAMI(Tokyo Foreign Languages University)"Past and Present of Area Studies", Seizi IMABORI(Hiroshima Women's
University)"On Area Studies in light of experiences on Southeast Asia", Yoneo
ISHII(Kyoto University)
PUBLICATIONS• The association publishes Asian Studies quarterly, namely in April, July,
October and Januarly. The content of the latest volume Vol. 28, No. 1,
published in April, 1981 is as follows:
Articles:"The Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic and General Principleof the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic",by Ryoko HACHIYA,"Foreign Relations on the Eve of the Establishment of the People's
Republic of Chinan, by Hidenori IJIRI, "On China's Africa policy:
Chou En-lai's African Tour 1963 - 64", by Shojiro KIDA.
Book review:
Mitsuyuki KAGAMI, translator and editor,'、The Chinese Cultural
Revolution, Documents", by Satoshi AMAKO. Shinkiclri ETO ed.
"Cultural Conflicts over Japan", by Kenichi GOTO.
In addition to this journal, the association has published "Monograph
Series of Chinese Studies". The monograph in 1980 is "Politics ofJapanese Colonialism: 1895 - 1934", written by Meitetsu HARUYAMA
and Masatake WAKABAY ASHI.
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• The association has kept a close relationship with Association for Asian Studies
in the United States of Ameirca.
ADDRESS• Japan Association for Asian Political and Economic Studies
c/o Professor Saburo YAMADA,
Institute of Oriental Culture of the University of Tokyo
3-1, Hongo-7,Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113,Japanext. 5836
Tel.: 03-812-2111(Y onosuke HARA)-23-

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATIONDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japan Society for the Study of Business Administration was established on July
10, 1926, as the oldest organization belonging to the third division of the Science
Council of Japan.
• The objective of the Society at the time of foundation was, as defined in its
prospectus, to set up a joint research organization for further promotion ofstudies on commerce and business administration. The founding members of
the Society had some discussion before finally approving the title "Japan
Society for the Study of Business Administration" by a majority vote. Some
members would have prefered titles like"Japan Society of Commercial Science"or "Japan Society of Commerce and Management Science". The Society, thefirst of its kind, started its activities with managing directors, Professors Yasutaro
HIRAI, Y ojiro MASUCHI, Fukumatsu MURAMOTO, Torao NAKANISHI and
Teijiro UEDA, and with a membership of 342. The Society held its firstnational meeting in Tokyo for three days from November 20, 1926, when it
made to the government a recommendation on the accountant system. The
papers presented at the meeting were published on March, 1927, in "Keieigaku
Ronshu(Papers and Proceedings of the National Meeting)" vol. 1. The Society
has held national meetings in the fall each year, since its foundation, except thewartime period, 1943 through 1945, totaling 54 meetings, and published 50
volumes of "Keieigaku Ronshu" covering the results of the meeting. In ad­
dition to the annual national meeting, monthly regional meetings have been
held in each of the six regions in order to provide member scholars with theopportunity to present their studies. Also the special regional meetings, whichwere comparable with the national meeting, were sometimes held. The firstregional center of the Society was established in the Tokyo area in 1926,
followed by Kansai in 1927, Kyushu and Hokkaido in 1958, Chubu in 1962
and Tohoku in 1974. At a national meeting, papers on the special theme areread, followed by a symposium. In addition to them, papers on the selective
subjects are also read. All the papers presented at the meeting are compiled inthe "Keieigaku Ronshu", published by Chikura Shobo, which are automaticallydelivered to the members of the Society. The latest issue has a circulation of
about 2,000 including those on the market.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Shigetaka MOHRI(Chuo University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of members:

1,745

ACTIVITIES• Meetings: National meeting - once a year
Regional meetings - eight'times a year in Kanto and Kansai regions,four to five times in each of Hokkaido, Tohoku, Chubu and Kyushu
regions-24-

• Special themes, reports and reporters, 1976 - 1980:
1976:
Theory of Business Management: Its Past and Future(1) Commemorative Lectures:"Toward a Unified Theory of Management beyond the Fifty-year
Tradition of Management Study in Japan", Yasujiro YAMAMOTO(NANZAN University).
"Japanese Business Management and Japanese Theory of Business
Management", Shigetaka MOHRl(Chuo University).
"Speciality and Fundamental Task of the Japanese Theory ofBusiness Management", Yoshimoto KOBAYASHl(Hiroshima Shudo
University).
(2) Reports on the Special theme:"The Past and Future of the Management Education in Japan",
Takenori SAITO(Hirosaki University)"Survey of Management Studies in Japan", Hideki YOSHIHARA(Kobe University)"Prospect of the Integrated Theory of Organization", lkujiro
NONAKA(Nanzan University)"Development of Managerial Practices, with respect to Technological
Progress - Focusing on the Adapting Process in the Past, Present andFuture - ", Eiji OGAWA(Nagoya University).
"The New Development of the Management Theory of Business",
Toshinobu KITANO(Gakushuin University).
"Business Behaviors: Theories and Facts", Ken-ichi IMAl(Hitotsu­
bashi University).
"German Business Economics and Human Element in BusinessEnterprise", Moriyuki TAJIMA(Hitotsubashi University).
"Background and Current Trend of West German Business Eco­nomics", Kazuo YOSHIDA(Kwansei Gakuin University).
"Objectification of the Definition of Individual Capital and Task of
the Theory of Business Management", Toshiaki CHOKKI(Hosei
University).
"The Theory of Business Administration based on Marxian Theoryof the Firm:
Its Past and Future", Hisao KAWABATA(Kyushu
University)"From Individual Capital J:'heory to Bureaucracy Theory", Tadashi
MITO(Rikkyo University).
1977: Problems of Japanese Business Management"The Theory of C.I. Barnard and the Business Administration in
Japan", Osamu MANO (Hokkaido University).
"Reflexion on Japanese Management and its Theory - In its starting
Period -", Fumiharu KAWASAKI (Osaka City University).
"On one Feature of Japanese Management-Length of service-based
promotion system — ", Kuniyoshi URABE (Kobe University).
"Japanese Business Management and the Theory of Business Manage­
ment - Japanese Consciousness of the Authority and Responsibility",
Ryushi IWATA (Musashi University).
-25-

"The Community-oriented Thinking in the Theory of JapaneseBusiness Management", Teruhisa FURUBAYASHI (Seinan Gakuin
University).
"Rationality of the Japanese Management", Kaoru TAKADA (Osaka
University)"On the Seniority-based Wage System", Kozo SEKIYA( Nagoya Uni ­ver sity ).
"Reexamination of Industrial Relations in Japan", Ko TAKAHASHI(Meiji University)"Japanese Management and International Management - Problems ofJapanese Type of Transnational Corporation -", Akira YAMASHIRO(University of Tokyo)
1978: Japanese Theory of Business Management and Japanese Business
Management"Japanese Management and Cultural Core - Verification throughManagement Overseas Transfer -", Motofusa MURAYAMA (Chiba
University )"A Study of Peculiarity of the Problems of Japanese Small andMedium-sized Business in today", Sanae MURE (Osaka Industrial
University).
"A Comparative Study of the Public Enterprise and Private Enterprisein Japan and Other Countries", Soichiro GIGA (Osaka City University).
"On Studies of Business Capital in Japan-Methodology of the Theoryof Fictitious Capital", Michihiro IKOMA (Wakayama University).
"'Japanese Theory of Business Management'and'Japanese Manage­
ment', a Proposal of Comparative Study of Management", Yuzuru
MATSUMOTO (Kagoshima University )"Some Methodological Problems in Studying the Japanese Business
Management", Mizuho NAKAMURA (Meiji University).
"An Analysis of Growth Factors of Japanese Firms", Ryuei SHIMIZU(Keio University)"Reconsideration of the Logic of Japanese Business Management",
Masumi TSUDA (Hitotsubashi University)"Comparative Analysis of Creative Capability of Japanese and U.S.
Organizations", Toyohiro KONO (Gakushuin University)
1979: Basic Problems of Modern Theory of Business Management"The Methodological Perspective of Business Administration as
regards Barnard-Simon Theory", Tsuneo SHINOZAKI (Otaru Univer­sity)"Methodological Problems of Modern Business Economics - on the
Study of W. Kirschー". Noboru KONNO (Musashi University)"The Modern Organization Theory and the Marxian Theory of theFirm - Toward a Integrated Theory of Business Administration -",Hisao KAWABATA (Kyushu University)"The Acceptance of C.I. Barnard's Theory as a Kuhnian Paradigm andIts Meaning for Management Theory Building", Katsuyasu KATO
(Tohoku University)-26-

"An Ideological Approach to the Criticism of Management - Toward
Management Philosophy—", Takasuke YOSHITAKE (Doshisha Univer­
sity)"The Development of the Japanese Business Behavior and Business
Strategy, 1950-1975", Yasuo OKAMOTO (University of Tokyo)"Analysis of the Business Administation under the 1970s' Structual
Change- on Corporate Crisis", Tasuku NOGUCHI (Keio University)"Fundamental Problems and Methods of Business Economics in Timesof Transition", Toshio SUMIYA (Ritsumeikan University)"Fundamental Problems of Economics of Socialist Enterprise"
Susumu KAIDO (Kobe University)
1980: Business Management in 1980s.
"lnternationaliza tion of Businesses - Basic Characteristics of JapaneseFirms Doing Business Abroad", Katsuaki ONISHl(Senshu University)"Internationalization of Business and its Social Responsibilities",
Katsuhiko SAKURAI (Nagasaki University)"International Comparison of Business Behavior and Environment Problems of Institutional Conditions and Their Perspective -", Toshio
KIKUCHI (Nihon University)"The Participation in Management and the Social Control of Enterprise- A Comparative Study of Historical Experience in Postwar East/West
Germany", Akira HAYASHI (Ryukoku University)"Automobile Industries in Japan and the U.S. in the Changing Social
Environment", Koichi SHIMOKAWA (Hosei University)"International Comparison of Business Management - Focusing on
the Plant Export Issue between Japan and China-", Yukio NOZAKI(Aichi University)"Conditions of 'Humanization of Work'", Minoru MURATA (Chuo
University)"Basic Characteristics of'Humanization of Work'", Kazuhiko MURA­TA (Hitotsubashi University ).
"The Humanization of Work: Its Possibility and Problems", Koji
OKUBAYASHI (Kobe University).
PUBLICATION● "Keieigaku Ronshu" (Papers and Proceedings of the National Meeting of theSociety) - once a year
Contents of the last n umber: published l.lnder the subtitle, "The Basic Problem
of Modern Business Administration" in September, 1980, covering the papers
presented at the 53rd national meeting held in September, 1979.
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Verband der Hochschullehrer ftir Betriebswirtschaft e.V.
Academy of Management
The Institute of Management Science-27-

• Scholars invited:
1976: Edmund Heinen(Mlinchen), Wolfgang Llicke(Gottingen)1980: Eduard Gaugler(Mannheim)• Members dispatched during the five years, 1976—1980: one member annually
was dispatched to Pfingsttagung des Verbandes der Hochschullehrer ftir
Betriebswirtschaft e.V.
ADDRESS• Japan Society for the Study of Business Administration
c/o The Institute of Business Research
Hitotsubashi Univeristy
Kunitachi, Tokyo 186, Japan(Moriyuki TAJIMA)-28-

JAPAN BUSINESS ENGLISH ASSOCIATION(JBEA)(NIHON SHOGYO EIGO GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japan Business English Association (JBEA) was established on July 20, 1934.
Admitted into The Japan Union of Associations of Economic Sciences in 1959.
The objective of the association in its early years was to promote studies in
Business English and foreign trade to meet the needs of the times for persons
with a good command of English and expertise in the principles and practice of
foreign trade. The scope has been gradually enlarged with the diversificationand internationalization of business as well as the progress in the means ofcommunication. In spite of the modest name of the association, the present
members'research efforts range over wide fields, from legal and technicalaspects to linguistic and cultural aspects of international business, and tend
toward an interdisciplinary science of international business communication .
REPRESENTATIVE• Chairman: Saburo HANEDA(Aoyama Gakuin University)
MEMBERSHIP• Honorary members 2, regular members 159 and supporting members 5, totall­ing 166
ACTIVITIES• Meetings: National convention - once a year
Regional meetings - 3 times a year in each of 3 regions• Selected papers: During the five years (197 6 through 1980) some sixty papers
were read at national conventions and published in the "Annual
Studies", of which the following are selected to show the research
trends.
(1) Methodology and Teaching of Business English/Communication"The Philosophical Study of Business English"
Shigeru OZAKl(Aoyama Gakuin University)"Prospect of International Business Communication as Seen from theDiversification of International Business"
Yoichi USUl(Kitakyushu Municipal University)"International Trade and Cultural Exchange: Internationa BusinessCommunication in a Broad Sense"
Tadashi KATOH(Kyoto Sangyo University)"The Human Side of International Business Communication:
In
Search of the Interface between You-Consideration Theory and Speech
Act Theory"
Satoshi FUJIEDA(Nihon Women's Junior College of Economics)"An Early History of Business English Education in Japan"
Akira KADOTA(Kagoshima Prefectural Junior College)"On the Study of Business English - for International Business Com­
munication and Trade Practice at the Universities and Colleges"-29-

Yoji NAKASAKO(Rokko Business Institute)"How to Learn Business English for Foreign Trade at Commercial
High School: Especially for the Revised Course of Study"
Noriyoshi FUJIMOTO(Tobata Commercial High School)(2) Techniques of Business Letter Writing"Influence of Receiver's Attitude upon Message of Sales Letter"
Takao NORISADA(Heian Women's Junior College)"The Subject Line in Business Letters"
Norio AOYAMA(Chuo Gakuin University)"A Study of Explanatory Function in Foreign Trade Communication"
Kazutake MIYAHARA(Kobe City University for Foreign Studies)"An Observation of Business Communication in England: throughan Analysis of Business Letters Written by British Secretaries"
Atsuko TANAKA(Baika Junior College)"How to Give Effect to L/Cs: Communication at High Voltage"
Saburo MORISAWA(Osaka University of Foreign Studies)(3) Business Communication Other Than Letters for Foreign Trade"House Organs and Newsletters"
Kazuo KAMEYAMA(Kinki University)"Idiomatic Peculiarities of Banking English"
Isami UCHIZAKl(Mukagowa Women's University)"A Study of Telex Messages: Toward an Optimum Style"
Saburo HANEDA(Aoyama Gakuin University)(4) Linguistic (Semantic & Stylistic) Aspects of Business Communication"Metaphor and Business Communication"
Mikito NAKAMURA(Kwansei Gakuin University)"The Syntax and Semantics of Appositive Construction in Business
English"Junzo HAY ASHl(The Osaka YMCA English School)"Expressions of 'Rise and Fall, Increase and Decrease' in English
Economic Articles"
Shigeo URABE(Aoyama Gakuin University)"Meanings and Expressions of Slogans in Tabacco Advertisements"
Tsugihiro OKUDA(Oita University)"An International Auxiliary Language Developed on an English Base"
Yuichi MITO(Kansai University of Foreign Studies)(5) Legal and Technical Aspects of Business Communication"Contract Wording and Disputes"
Takao MUKOH(Osaka University of Foreign Studies)"Breach of Contract and Its Remedies"
Hiromu NAKAMURA(Doshisha University)"A Study of'Offer' "Hajime KOBAYASHl(Kanagawa University)"Who Can Become the Assured on the CIF Contract"
Akira KOBAYASHl(Nihon University)"Reformation of Foreign Trade Systems in USA and EC"
Ryohei ASAOKA(Waseda University)-30-

"Changes in the Form of Bill of Lading"Kozo SHINANO(lchimura Gakuen Junior College)"To Institutionalize an Expatriate Selection System"
Akira KINOSHITA(Kinki University)
PUBLICATIONS• "Nihon Shogyo Eigo Gakkai Kenk西Nempo"(The JBEA Annual Studies):
once a year
Contents of the last number:
12 papers presented at the latest national
convention and the minutes of the general meeting
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Name: American Business Communication Association (ABCA)
Address:
University of Illinois, English Building,608 South Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.
• Scholars invited: Francis W. WEEKS(University of Illinois, Executive
Director of ABCA) and a few others attended the JBEA national
conventions at the invitaiton of JBEA.
• Members dispatched: The chairman and a few others attended the
ABCA
international conventions at the invitation of ABCA.
• Special Request: JBEA wishes to exchange information with overseas academic
ADDRESS• Professor Saburo HANEDA,
Aoyama Gakuin University,
Shibuya, Tokyo 150, Japan(Saburo HANEDA)-31-BUSINESS HISTORY SOCIETY OF JAPANDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Business History Society was established in Autumn of the year 1964.
The Business History Society transformed grew out of a study group which
met in the Autumn of 1964. A year later, in November 1965, an inauguralconference, initiated by the first president of this Society, Yoshitaro
W AKIMURA of the U�iversity of Tokyo at that time, was called to discuss "theRole of the Study of Business History". Since then there has been an inter­disciplinary approach to Business History in Japan. This has had three main aims.
Firstly to examine the entrepreneurial role in the light of the cultural environ­ment, using sociological methods. Secondly to clarify the relationship between
entrepreneurship and economic performance. Thirdly to study managerial
history through examining the activities of the business organization. By
pursuing these three aims we hope to forward to study of Business History inJapan. The presidency of the Society had been succeeded by Mataji MIYAMOTO
of Osaka University from 1975 to 1978.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Keiichiro NAKAGAW A(Fukushima University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of members: personal 612, institution 36
ACTIVITIES• General Conference is to be held annually in autumn.

Local meetings ofkanto(Tokyo), kansai(Osaka) and nishi-nippon(Kyushu) areas are organized,
while the first two are to be mostly held monthly.
• General themes of discussion at the annual conferences, 1976—1980:
1976(12th): "Comparative Study on the History of Business Finance", under
Kazuo Y AMAGUCHl(Meiji University)"Comparative Historical Study of the Zaibatsu", under Yotaro
1977(13th):
SAKUDO(Osaka University)"Formation of the Organization of Top-Management in Meiji
197804th):
Japan", under Tsunehiko YUl(Meiji University)
197905th): "Growth and the limit of medium size Zaibatsu in the middle of
Taishyo era", under Yasuo MISHIMA (Konan University)
l 980(16th): "The Establishment of Big Business, System of mass-production
and sale", under Koiichi SHIMOKAWA(Hosei University). At thisconference, special lecture was given by A.D. Chandler of Harvard
Industrial and National
Business School, of "Global Enterprise:
Characteristics - A Comparative Analysis-"
PUBLICATIONS● "Japan Business History Review"(A5, about I 00 pages) is to be publishedquarterly from 1981 and three a year were issued before then.
-32-• Content of the recent issue(no I, vol. 16)
Article:"The State and Private Railway in Prussia", Tetsuo YAMADA
Notes:''Business History and British Shipping", Shin GOTO, "Strategy and
Sctructure of Asano Zaibatsu", Yoichi KOHAYAGAWA, "Sexual Wage
Differentials in the Meiji Japanese Cotton Spining Industry", Akiko
CHIMOTO.
Review:
Panel Discussion in the Annual Meeting of Our Society, Takeshi
YUZAWA and Terushi HARA
Reports:
On the Annual Meeting of American Business History Conference in
1980, Kazuomi YAMAGUCHIOn the third International Congress of Accounting Historians, Sadao
TAKADE.RA
On the Seminar of the Scottish and Scandinavian Shipbuilding
Industry, Reiko OKAYAMARELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• "KEIEI SHIGAKU"(Japan Business History Review) is taking a lead in thefield in the World, sharing with "Business History Review" at Har.vard Business
School in U.S.A., "Business History" at the University of London in U.K. and"Zeitschrift fur Unternehmens Geshichte" at Bonn University in Germany andkeeping in touch with each other through exchange of information. In addi­tion, our Society has been active in promoting the international comparison ofBusiness History in Japan and so called "Fuji Conference" for that purpose,
financially assisted by TANIGUCHI Foundation, was begun in 1974 for a 5 year's
project of the first series under the presidency of Keiichiro NAKAGAWA. The
Conference has been held, usually in Janauary in the vicinity of Mts. Fuji, todiscuss the chosen subject of Business History Internationally and the proceed­
ings in English have been published through Tokyo University Press.
• The names of subjects in each year and invited guests are as follows.
First Five Year Series:
The first of the series in 1974 was "Strategy and Structure in Japanese(1)Business" and invited guests were A.D. Chandler Jr., of Harvard Uni­
versity and C. Wilson of Cambridge University.
The second, 1975, was "Entrepreneurs and the Social Order: Compara­(2)
tive Studies" and invited guests were T.C. Cochran of Pennsylvania
University, S.G. Checkland of Glasgow University and J. Kocka,
Bielefeld University.
The third, 1976, was "Marketing and Financing in the Course of(3)
Industrialization: A Comparative Analysis of U.S.A., U.K. and Japan"
and invited guests were D.C. North of Washington University, P. Mathiasof Oxford University and F. Crouzet of Paris-Sorbonne University.
The fourth, 1977, was of "Management and Labour: the Evolution of(4)
Employer-Employee Relations in the Course of Industrial Development"
-33-

(5)

and invited guests were W. Fischer of Berlin Free University, S. Pollardof Sheffield University and R. Ozane of Wisconsin University.
The fifth, 1978, was "Government and Business" and invited guests
were L. Hannah of Cambridge University, J. Hans of Munich University,
and T.K. McCrawden of Harvard University.
After his attence at the Fuji Conference in 1976, W. Fischer(Berlin Free University), Proposed a similar series of Compara­tive Business History Conference for five years between Germany andJapan.
The first of these conferences was held on the subject of"Technological Invasions and Financial Development" at Berlin in
1979. The second, on the subject of "Management and Organisation in
20th Century Before World War 11" was held at Tokyo in 1979. These
conferences are to be held alternately at each country until 1983.
P. Fridenson (University of Paris) after having attended at the Fuji
Conference in 1980, proposed and organised a similar conference
under the title of "the Incidence of the External Environment on the
Global Automobile Industry". This was under the auspices of Maison
Des Sciences De L'homme, in April 1981, where Koichi SHIMOKAWA
and Masaru UDAGAWA, promoters of the Fuji Conference at that timein Japan were invited to present papers.
The second five year series of the Fuji Conference was organised by
Akira OKOUCHI in 1979 for the next five years. The number of invited
guests was increased, thanks to the generosity of the TANIGUCHIFoundation.
Second Series:
The first, in 1979 was "Development and Diffusion of Technology in(1)
the Course of Industrialization" and invited guests were P. Uselding of
Illinois University, S. Von Weiheir, Werner-von-Siemens-Institlit flir
Geschichte des Hauses Siemens and L.F. Haber of Surrey University.
The second, 1980, was "Marketing in the Course of Industrialization"(2 )the guests were H.C. Liversay of New York State University, R. Church
Of East Anglia University, P. Fridenson of Universite de Paris,
F. Blaich of Universitat Regensburg, M. Wilkins of Florida International
University and J.M. Lim of Seoul National University.
The third, 1981, was of "Business Climate and Industrialization"(3)and invited guests of D.A. Farnie of Manchester University, G. Adelmanof Bonn University, D. Tripathi of Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad, H.V. Worzel of Northeastern University, M.J. Oates ofRegis College, Massachusetts and Jong-Tae, Choi of Seoul National
University.
Furthermore, Our society dispatched some members annually to theoverseas conferences of the same kind, although one of the mostrelated conferences is the Business History Conference in U.S.A., thecontents of which have been reported through our publication of "Japan
Business History Review"-34-

ADDRESS• Business History Society of Japan
Professer Moriaki TSUCHIYA
c/o Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo
7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan 113
Tel. 03 -812-2111(Masami KITA)-35-

JAPAN SOCIETY OF BUSINESS MATHEMATICSDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japan Society of Business Mathematics was established on the 3rd of July in
1959, intending furtherance of researches and education in the field of businessmathematics. Amog the origina;promoters of the society, were Michio SASAKI(the first president), Masao HISATAKE(the second president), Sobei KATO,
Shinkichi SATO(present president), Konosuke NOZAWA, Kesato FUJISAWA
and others. At the beginning it was difficult to decide whether to use theJapanese word "shogyo" (commerce in English) or "keiei" (management inEnglish). The name used was "NIHON-SHOGYOSUGAKU-KAI" because
the promoters had to consider the relationships with the curriculums of seniorhigh schools and colleges at that time and emphasized mathematics of finance.
The definition of business mathematics has been understood by all as mathe—
matics for business or management problems, and so the English name has been
"JAPAN SOCIETY OF BUSINESS MATHEMATICS" since the beginning.
The Japanese name, however, has been modified since 1978, the word
"SHOGYO" having been changed into the word "KEIEI". This amendment
means that the decision and management problems have come to be emphasiz­ed in the academic research areas of the society.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Shinkichi SATO(Chiba University of Commerce)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of members:

75

ACTIVITIES• Opening annual academic meeting.
• Consolidated subjects:"E conom1c calculation on investment" (1978)"Mathematical investigation into quantitative methods applied to manage­
ment" (1979)"On the problems of annuity" (1980)
Main reports:"A theorem relating to the studies of depreciation formulae" (1976),
Shinkichi SATO(Chiba University of Commerce.)"Debugging in the calculation of interest equation" (1976),
Sobei KATO(Kagoshima University of Economics)"Multi-period consumption-investment decision model" (1977),
Yoshio IIHARA(Nanzan University)"On a cash-management model" (1977),
Yoshinori HIGUCHI(Kobe University of Commerce)"On a rate of interest used in evaluating profitable assets" (1978),
Masao HISATAKE(Komazawa University)"Comparison between a book value of a fixed asset depreciated by the declin-36-

ing balance method and one depreciated by the sum of years'<legits method"(1978), Shinkichi SATO(Chiba University of Commerce)"Allotment of fixed costs under restriction of resources, using sensitivity
analysis" (1979), Hiroshi MATSUO(Chuo University)"On optimal trial investment" (1979), Katsushige SAWAKI,(Nanzan University) and Yoshio IIHARA(Nanzan University)
PUBLICATIONS●"Annual or Semi-Annual Report of JAPAN SOCIETY OF BUSINESS MATHE­
MATICS"• Contents of No. 33 Issues, published on the 25th of December, 1980.
"Financing annuity in the social security system and the level of average year­
ly payment", by Hidetoshi NAKAY AMA(The Mutual Aid Association ofPrivate Schools)"The type of financing the sliding—scale system of annuity", by Kotaro
MATSUMOTO(Chiba University of Commerce)"Compound interest and annuity when rate of interest changes regularly",
by Konosuke NOZAWA(Josai University)"Mutual control problem among agents structured by influence",
by Setsuo ONARI(Hitotsubashi University)"Analysing various approaches to cash management problems", by Yoshinori
HIGUCHI(Kobe University of Commerce)
ADDRESS• Japan Society of Business Mathematics,
c/o Laboratory of Professor Kesato FUJISAWA
Kanagawa University
3-27, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, JAPAN(Kesato FUJISAWA)-37-

JAPAN SOCIETY OF COMMERCIAL SCIENCESDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japan Society of Commercial Sciences was established on April 21, 195 1, withthe purpose of exchanging views of the members on th study of commerce,marketing and distribution of goods. At the fi江st national annual convention,
more than 50 members gathered.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Ryusuke KUBOMURA(Nihon University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of members: Honorary 4, Ordinary 5 64, Supporting 9 companies
ACTIVITIES• National annual convention: once a year
Local meetings: Approximately six meetings a year at each of 5 local blocks.
• Special theme, reports and reporters, 1976—1980:
1976:"Approaches to and Methodology of Contemporary Studies of Distri­tution""Frame of Study in Marketing Science" Takeshi SHIMIZU(Keio
University)"Industrial Organizational Approach to Marketing Problems"Junzo ISHil(Dooshisha University)"Model of Consumer Behavior as Information-Processing"Takahiro YAMASHITA(Otaru University)"Historicism and Functionalism" Kaname IIO(Wakayama University)"Some Fundamental Problems in the Study of Marketing in Japan"
Masanori TAMURA(Kobe University)"Future Trend of Marketing Theory" Junichi NOMURA(Universityof Tokyo)"Future Trend of Marketing Theory" Tsutomu FURO(Kobe Universityof Commerce)"Direction of Study in Marketing Theory" Shoji MURATA(Keio
University)"Future Direction of Marketing Theory" Hitoshi Y AMANAKA(Konan
University)
1977: Marketing and Local Environmental Conditions"Marketing a la Japonais as Areal Marketing" Koichi TANOUCHI(Hitotsubashi University)"Comparison of Marketing of East and West and Religious Phenome—non" Yoshiaki WATANABE(Josai University)"Distribution Policy in High Density Econmy of Japan" Kaname 110(Wakayama University)"Market Domination of Consumers and Local Environment"
Seiji Y ADA(Y atsushiro Gakuin University)-38-

"Strata Structure of Retail Trade and Local Environment - A Case in
Fukuoka City" Shunsuke KOMORI(Seinan Gakuin University)"Analysis and Forecasting of Retail Trading Area - A Case in Kita—
Kyushu City" Hitoshi YAMANAKA(Konan University)"Competition and Conflict in Retail Trade - with Special Reference
to Legal Regulation" Tomisaburo MIKAMl(Meiji University)"Regulation of Large-Scale Retail Stores and Local Society" Ryoji
OIKAWA(Chuo University)"Contemporary Problems of Downtown Shopping Area - Empirical
Study in a Local City" Kiyoshi OKAMOTO(Okayama University ofCommerce)"Traffic Control and Changes in Medium-and Small-Sized Cities"
Yoshikane SABASHl(Meijo University)"Characteristics of and Trend in Italian Retail Structure"
Makoto MIURA(Business Research, Inc.)"Present Situation and Problems of Distribution Structure of OSHIMA
Tsumugi Textile Industry at Its Manufacturing Point"
Yoshiaki TAKAMUKAl(Kagoshima College)
1978: Changes in Japanese Commercial Structure"Public Interest and Profitability with Changes in Commercial Struc­ture - with Special Reference to Pharmaceutical Products" Ikutaro
SUZUKl(Momoyama Gakuin University)"Changes in Roles of Retailers in Distribution Process and Responsive­
ness of Distribution Structure" Sadao KAJIWARA(Nagasaki University)"Future Structure of Retail Trade Seen as Function of Purchasing­Environment Formation" Shigeru SHIMIZU(Tokai University)"Structure Analysis of Local Retail Trade - Analysis of Fukuoka
Metropolitan Area" Shunsuke KOMORl(Seinan Gakuin University)"Analysis of Retail Trade Structure in Osaka City" Hiroshi IKEDA(Osaka Chamber of Commerce)"Analaysis of Change in Local Retail Trade Structure" Kenji KOJIMA(Nanzan University)"Trends in Whosale and Retail Trades in Tokyo" Toshio NAGASHIMA(Metropolitan Consultant Office of Tokyo)"Function and Trade Practices of Central Wholesale Market of Nara
Prefecture" Hisakatsu MORl(Kinki University)"Changes in Commercial Structure and Historical Perspective ofCommercial Policy" Sakae GORIKl(Yawata University)"Commercial Structure and Price Formation of Rice" Makoto YOSHIKI(Osaka University of Economy and Law)
1979: Environmental Changes and New Development of Distribution andMarketing"New Structure of Marketing Theory" Koichi SHIMIZU(Josai Uni­
versity)"Market Equilibrium Theory and New Development in the Study ofMarketing" Hideo HIDA(Meiji Gakuin University)"Methodology of Comparative Marketing Study" Norihiro HAGINO-39-

(Konan University)"Scienticity and Non-Scienticity of Marketing Theory" Kosaku
HONMA(Senshu University)"New Development of Consumer Behavior Theory - Paradigm ofInformation-Processing by Consumer" Kenji KOJIMA(Nanzan Uni­
versity)"Changes in Economic Structure and Consumer Behavior - Value
Criterion in Post-Industrial Society" Koi TSUJIMOTO(Shiton
Gakuen University)"Management Responses to Consumerism - based on a Survey"
Takayuki NAKAMURA(Rissho University)"Distribution Policy and Consumer Sovereingty" Masamori KOTANI(Kumamot University of Commerce)"Environmental Changes and Distribution - based on a Survey on
Managers of Distribution Industry" Tomisaburo MIKAMI and Yasuo
SUGA"Problems in Development of Distribution" Seiji YADA(Utsubo
Tsusho, Inc.)"Environment Adaptation Simulation of Retail Trade" Kenichi
MURAYAMA(Ottemon Gakuin University)"Environmental Changes and Small-Sized Retailers" Tatsuo HIDAKA(Kyushu Tokai University)
1980: Problems in Distribution Policy"Distribution Policy and Enlightenment of Medium- and Small-Sized
Merchants" Takamasa NAKAMURA(Hokkaido College of Senshu
University)"Independency of Distribution Policy - with Special Reference toEffect of Consumption Tax" Yukihiko UEHARA(Meiji Gakuin Uni­
versity)"Meaning and Effect of Modernization Effort of the Government ofMedium- and Small-Sized Distributive Trades" Takashi KATO Small
Business Corporation)"International Comparison of Cereal Distribution Policy" Makoto
YOSHIKI(Osaka University of Economy and Law)
"Development of Italian Retail Policy" Makoto MIURA(Kyoto
Sangyo University)"Problems and Policy Task in Wholesale Market" Hideo HARADA(Distribution Research Institute)
PUBLICATIONS• Journal of Japan Society of Commercial Science(written in Japanese) publishedannually.
Articles included are papers read at annual conventions of the society.
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• The Society is affiliated with International Marketing Federation in Hague,
Netherland.
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ADDRESS• Japan Society of Commercial Sciences
Room 513, Graduate School Building
Meiji University
1-1 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan(Koichi TANOUCHI)-41-

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR COMMODITY SCIENCE(NIHON SHOHIN GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japan Society for Commodity Science was established in 1935
1935: Commodity Science Council was founded by experts of commodity
science at universities and commercial high schools.
1937: The name of Commodity Science Council was changed to the present
name, Japan Society for Commodity Science. Bulletin of the Society,"Shohin-gaku Kenkyu" (Studies on Commodities) published.
during and early post-war periods the Society's activities were sus­pended.
Nov. 1949: A Meeting of commodity scientists in Tokyo area held in an attempt
to form a closer academic relationship for the development ofcommodity science.
Apr. 15, 1950: 1st national convention to reorganize the Japan Society for
Commodity Science held. Programs of the convention were paper
presentations, seminars and visits.
• The Society has endeavored to promote commodity science through its national
conventions annually held at leading universities across the country. Programsof the conventions 1nclude paper presentations on the special or selective
subjects and seminars on the education of commodity science. The bulletin of
the Society, "Shohin Kenkyu" (Studies on Commodities) provides membersof the Society with an opportunity to publish their scholarly works and tocommunicate with each other. Also, technical committees are set up within
the Society in order to deal with academic and educational issues on commodity
science. On the teaching of commodity science, the Society educates highschool teachers by annually providing them with workshops on commodities.
In addition to above nation-wide programs, the seven regional centers of theSociety engage in various activities such as holding meetings, seminars andsymposiums, and organizing visits, or issuing regional bulletins.
REPRESENTATIVE• Chairman: Saburo KITAHARA (Sensyu University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members:

regular members 304, supporting members 7

ACTIVITIES• Meetings: National convention - annual
Regional meeting - annual• Special themes, reports and reporters of national conferences, 1976-1980:
1976: Merchandise and Safety"Safety of Merchandise and Compensation", Nobukazu SODA
(Association for Casualty Insurance Premium Assessment)"Some Problems on Safety Guarantee of Consumer Good", Hiroshi
TSUKAHARA(Keio University)-42-

1977:

1978:

1979:

1980:

"Merchandise and Safety for Consumers", Tomohiro SHIRAKAWA(Seishu College)"The Dangerous Merchandise Search System", Ryozo MIZUNO(Mukogawa Women's University)
For Systematic Methodology of Commqdity Science"The Theoretical System of Commodity Science", Tomiyoshi YOSHIDA(Senshu University)"On Commodities and Subjects of Commodity Science", Goro KONO
(Kuwasawa Design Institute)"Subjects and Methodology of Commodity Science", Kosaku HONMA(Senshu University)
Subjects and Methodology of Commodity Science"A Practical Study of Commodities -- with Special Reference to
Persimmon", Takao IKEGAMl(Kinki University)"Formation of Theory of Commodity Science and Methodology ofCommodity Science", Kazuhiko SAKAIRl(Bunkyo University)
Merchandise and Resources"Measures against Problems Arising--in the Case of Beet Production",
Yoshiaki ISHII(Tokyo Metropolitan College of Commerce)"Resources as Merchandise and its Environment", Yoshiro IIJIMA(Waseda University)"Confirmation of Value in Use of Merchandise", Kazuhiko SAKAIRI(Bunkyo University)
The Social Role of Commodity Science"Commodity Science and Small Businesses", Mitsuharu MITSUI(Kobe University of Commerce)"Commodity Science from the Viewpoint of Regional Economy",
Tomohiro SHIRAKAWA(Seishu College)"Problems in the Merchandising Process of Value in Use and theScience of Commodities", Masahiro IWASHITA(Doshisha Unviersity)

PUBLICATIONS• Quarterly bulletin, "Shohin Kenkyu" (Studies on Commodities)• Contents of the last number (published in Dec. 1980):,"Characteristics of Glasses as Commodity, Part III -- Based upon a Fact-Find­
ing Survey", Youko, KENMOKU, Hitotsubashi University"The Dry Cleaning lndustry--Grievances and Countermeasures", Hideo OTAKE(Nihon University),"Quality Control Engineer in Korea", Hisao MORISAWA(Akechi High Schoolof Commerce)"The Effects of Oil and Fat on the Fermented Milk", Hiroshi Yamashita(Ohmine High School)
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Internationale Gesellschft flir Warenkunde und Technologie (IGWT). The
Society joined the IGWT in 1977, when the chairman of the Society became
Vice-President of the IGWT.

-43-

ADDRESS• Professor Yoshiro IIJIMA
Department of Commerce
Waseda University
1-6-1, Nishiwaseda, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160 Japan(Ryojiro IWAKI, Kazuhiko SAKAIRI)-44-

「HE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHTDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Society exists to encourage:
1) Studies in the history of political economy, the history of social andeconomic thought.
2)
Communications with foreign academies.
• At the 44th Annual Meeting of the Society in November 1980, we celebrated
the thirtieth anniversary of the foundation of HETS(Japan) and publisheda booklet, "Thirty years of the society for the history of economic thought."
founding (1950 - 1956)
I
It started with 123 initial members at Waseda University on April 22th
1950. There were three regional branches (Kanto, Kansai, Seinan), eachholding two or three meetings a year. Research was also undertaken into
the holdings of Economic Classics in various University Libraries.
Public Lectures: Karl Marx, the 125th anniversary of his birth and the70th of his death. (1953)
J.S. Mill, the 150th anniversary of his birth. (1956)
II
arrangement (1956-1964)
The Society for Economic Theory was born in 1959 and our members.decreased. just a little for a time. We published "The ten years of theSociety for the History of Economic Thought"(1961) and started "The
Bulletin"(l 963).
Public Lectures: Quesnay's tableau economique, the bicentenary of its
publication. (1958)
Max Weber, the centenary of his birth. (1964)
III high time (1964—1972)
We celebrated the centenary of the publication of "Das Kapital."
Public Lectures: In commemoration of the publicattion of Das Kapital.
(1967)
V
new arrangement (1972—1980)
I
When the Society for the History of Social Thought was created in 1976,
our name was changed from the Society for theHistory of Social andEconomic Thought to the Society for the History of Economic Thought,
membership declined initially but soon recovered. The new Tohoku
branch was opened in 1980.
Public Lectures: The bicentenary of the publication of "The Wealth of
Nations". (1976)
REPRESENTATIVE• President:
Kazuo MAZANE (Osaka City University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members:

699

-45-

ACTIVITIES• Meeting: once a year.
• Main common themes and main reporters at the annual meetings, 1976—1980:
1976: Adam Smith
Opulence and Security in "The Wealth of Nations".
Kimihiro KOYANAGl(Kitakyushu City University)
Principle of Equity in Adam Smith.
Akio HOSHINO(Kanto Gakuin University)
Around the history of the discussions on'the civil society' in Japan,
Shigeshi WADA(Chuo University)
1977: Economics and Political Economy"Scope of the Political Economy"
Noboru KO BAYASHl(Rikkyo University)"On Economie Politique in the 18th Century's France".
Kiyoji KIZAKI(Kyoto University)"Two Potential Elements in Political Economy in the Period ofClassical Economics",
Tomoyoshi FUJITSUKA(Musashi University)"Economics and Political Economy"
Tadashi HAYASAKA(Tokyo University)
1978: Economic Thought of Modem Japan"Economic Freedom in Yukichi Fukuzawa",
Chuhei SUGIYAMA(Hitotsubashi University)"On the Establishment and Decline of Japan Social Policy Associationin Pre-War Japan."Kanae IIDA(Keio University)"Shiro Shiba's Protectionalism and Nationalism."
Itaru UENO(Seijo University)
1979: Proudhon and around him"Proudhon's Theory of Association."Takashi SAKAGAMI (Kyoto University )"Proudhon's Theory on the Reformation of Financial System and
His Lineage."
Shigeyuki SATO (Hokkaido University )"Marx'Criticism of Proudhon."
Yoko TSUSHIMA (Hannan University )1980: Economic Thought in USA"Thomas Jefferson and the Birth of American Economic Thought."
Atsushi SHIRAl(Keio University)"Friedrich List and America."
Haruo OYATSU(Jochi University)"Veblen and Institutional Economics."
Tetsuo TAKA(Hiroshima University)• Other activities:
1. Research into the Economic Classics in the University Libraries.
There are many classic books on Economics held by various University
Libraries. Unfortunately their wheniabouts are not generally known.
-46-

We are trying therefore to trace holdings of these books, limiting ourinvestigation from the 16th century to the third quarter of 19th
century. This investigation is still going on.
2 Reprints in Economic Classics.
1) The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty, ed. by C. Hull, 1899,
2 vols. (1955)
2) James Steuart, An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,
1767, 1st ed. 2 vols., (1957)
3) Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1822, ed. (Works),
with Account of the Life and Writings of Adam Smith, LLD.,
by Dugald Stewart, (1959)
3. Essays in celebration.
1) The Formation of Das Kapital, Essays in commemoration of thecentenary of its publication of volume one, 1967. (17 essays
with English summaries, 428 pp.)2) The Formation of The Wealth of Nations, Essays in commemora­tion of the bicentenary of its publication, 1976. (17 essays withEnglish summaries, 421 pp.)
PUBLICATIONS● "The annual bulletin of the society" once a year.
• Contents of the latest number (No. 18, 1980)
Surveys: "The present condition of the study of Imperialism,centering
around K. Kautsky and R. Hilferding" -- S. AIDA/H. IIDA(Keio University)
Abstracts: "Articles on the history of economic and social thought, 1979."
Bibliography: Published writings of the members of the society, 1979.
Reports: Informations on International Academic Conferences of 1980. T.
TSUDA(Hitotsubashi University)
History of Economic Thought Conference, 1979. K. MAZANE(Osaka
City University)
The 5th International Congress of Enlightenment, 1979. H. MIZUTA(Nagoya University )International Economic Association. M. HAMABAY ASHI(Hitotsubashi
University)
Dialogue Congress among Japan and Western Europe. K. SUMIYA(Rikkyo University)
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• International Economic Association
International Society of the History of Ideas
International Society for 18th-century Studies
Internationale Tagung der Historiker der Arbeiterbewegung
History of Economic Thought Society
History of Economic Thought Society (Australia)
Economic History Society
History of Economics Society
American Economic Association-47-

• Invitations of foreign scholars (1976-1980)
Samuel HOLLANDER (1976)
Ronald L. MEEK (1977)
Andrew S. Skinner (1978)
Paul E. Chamley (1979)
R.D. Collison Black (1980)• Members sent to the international Conferences (1976-1980)
Hiroshi MIZUTA (The 200th Anniversary of the·publication of "The
Wealth of Nations", 1976)
Junichi OKADA (The 5th History of Economics Conference, 1978)
Kazuo MAZANE (The 21th History of Economic Thought Conference, 1979)
Toshihiro TANAKA (The Inaugural Conference of History of Economic
Thought of Australia, 1980)
ADDRESS• Kazuo Mazane (President of the HETS)
Osaka City University
Favulty of Economics
3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558, Japan(Kazuo MAZANE , Kunihiro WATANABE)-48-

THE JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF
ECONOMICS AND ECONOMETRICSDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Japan Association of Economics and Econometrics was founded in
October, 1947 following the union of two separate academic bodies, viz., theJapanese Association of Theoretical Economics and the Japan EconometricSociety. The Japanese Association of Theoretical Economics was founded in
October, 1949 to succeed the activities of the Japan Association of Economics,
a prewar organization of Japanese economic theorists which started in 1934.
The Japan Econometric society was first organized in October, 1950 as theJapanese branch of the Econometric Society developing into an independent
institution later on. The integration of these two organizations was promptedby the need to provide a common ground for communication and discussion in
the closely related fields of Economic Theory and Econometric Studies. The
present title was adopted in October, 1968, one year later than the actual
foundation of the Association.
REPRESENTATIVE• President:

Ken-ichi MIYAZAWA (Hitotsubashi University)

MEMBERSHIP• Number of members: 1489
ACTIVITIES• The annual convention is held for the discussion and dissemination of research
results. Beside this, the meeting of the Western Subdivision is held annually.
• Presidential Address and Common Topics at Annual Convention, 1976-1980:
1976: Presidential Address: "Equilibrium Economics: Glimpses Beyond,"
Masao FUKUOKA (Keio University). Common Topics: The Theory ofLabor Market, "Imperfect Information and the Fixity of Labor," Isao
OHASHI (Nagoya City University) and seven other papers, Econometric
Method, "On The Maximum-Liklihood Estimation of Distributed Lag
Relations for Short Series," Atsushi SUZUKI (Tohoku University) andfive other papers, General Equilibrium Theory, "Transactions Cost andUnemployment Equilibrium," Takashi NEGISHI (University of Tokyo)
and four other papers, Monetary Economics, "The Welfare Implicationsof Indexing Financial Assets," Ken-ichi TATSUMI (Tokyo University of
Economics) and four other papers, The Theory of Firm, "Market Im­
perfectings and Firm's Financing Program," Denzo KAMIYA (Keio
University) and three other papers, International Economics (threepapers), Public Economy and Social Overhead Capital (two papers) andthe Long-Run Analysis of Japanese Economy (two papers). Free Topics(sixteen papers).
1977: Presidential Address: "X-Efficiency and Market Structure," Masao
BABA (Kyoto University). Common Topics: Income Distribution, "On
Firm's Distribution, Pricing and Growth Strategy as A Nash Bargaining-49-

Solution," Masahiko AOKI (Kyoto University) and five other papers, theEconomics of Stagflation, "Stagflation and the Supply Structure ofJapanese Economy," Masahiro KURODA (Keio University) and fiveother papers, Institutional Economics "Closed Strike" Hidero KANE�
MITSU (Sophia University) and three other papers, Disequilibrium
Analysis, "On Non-Walrasian Equilibrium with Price Making Agents: A
Linear Demand Function Model," Masaji TSUJI (Nagoya City Univer­sity) and three other papers, International Economic Interdependence,"Forward Exchange Policies under the Flexible Exchange Rates," Taka­hiko MUTOH (The Japan Economic Reseach Center) and three otherpapers, Monetary Economics (four papers), EconometricMethod (fourpapers), Environmental Economics (four papers), Industrial Analusis(four papers), Public Economics (four papers), Consumer Behavior (fourpapers), and the New System of National Accounting (two papers), Free
Topics (seven papers).
1978: Presidential Address: "Pathology of Neoclassical Growth" Fukukane
NIKAIDO (Hitotsubashi University). Common Topics: Disequilibrium
Analysis, "Long-Run Expectations and Disequilibrium Growth," Hide­yuki ADACHI (Kobe University) and six other papers, Uncertainty andEconomic Theory, "On Market Disruptions," Koichi HAMADA (Univer­sity of Tokyo), "A Simple General Equilibrium Model of Production,"
Yasuhiro SAKAI (Hiroshima University) and four other papers, Econo­
mic Analysis of Inequality, "The Derivation of Inequality Measure and Its
Significance," Mamoru KANEKO (University of Tsukuba) and five otherpapers, Economic Policy in Open Economies, "Forward Exchange
Market and Stabilization Policies," Michihiro OHYAMA (Keio Univer­sity) and four other papers. Free Topics (thirty-three papers).
1979: Presidential Address: "On'the Natural Rate of Unemployment'," Nobuo
OKISHIO (Kobe University). Common Topics: Labor Market andOrganization, "Further Results on Japanese Wage Differentials," Toshi­
nori TACHIBANAKI (Kyoto University) and six other papers, Econo­
metric Method, "Improving the Multi-Period Forecast in Dynamic
Mod_els," Taku YAMAMOTO (Soka University) and three other papers,
The theory of Firm, "A Theoretical Analysis of Price Leadership,"
Yoshiyasu ONO (Musashi University) and three other papers, Mathe­
matical Economics, "Generalized Entropy Class and the Gini Index,"
Kiyoshi KUGA (Osaka University) and three other papers, Foodstuff andResources, "On the Application of Economic Concepts to the Utilization
and Conservation Problem of Public Natural Resources and Environ­mental Resources," Ki-ichiro KOGIKU (University of California, River­side) and three other papers, Disequilibrium Analysis (four papers),
Applied Econometric Analysis (four papers), Approaches to the Theoryof Economic System (three papers), Game Theory (three papers), Public
Goods (three papers), Multi-Sectoral Analysis (three papers), Industrial
Analysis (three papers), the Macro-Econometric Model ofJapan (threepapers), Uncertainty (three papers), Intergenerational Distribution of
Resources and Incomes (three papers) and Employment and Distribution-50-

(three papers). Free Topics (none).
1980: Presidential Address: "On'the Marginal Substitution Rate of Distribu­
tion'," Ken-ichi INADA (Osaka University). Common Topics: Analysis
of Inflation, "Public Debt, Crowding-Out and Inflation," Shoichi MIZU­NO (University of Nagoya) and three other papers, Determinants of
Exchange Rates, "Fiscal and Monetary Policies under Flexible Exchange
Rates," Ryuhei OKUMURA (Hirosaki University) and three otherpapers, Economic Analysis of Energy, "Inelastic Demand for Irreplenish­able Resources and Market Structure," Nobuhiko MASUDA (Toyama
University), Economic Behavior and Expectations, "Land Price andExpectations," Yukio NOGUCHI (Hitotsubashi University) and twoother papers, Distribution and Justice, "On Some Problems of Lorenz
Curve," Jun IRITANI (Kyoto Sangyo University) and Kiyoshi KUGA
(Osaka University) and two other papers. Free Topics (thirty-sevenpapers).
PUBLICATIONS• At present, the Association publishes the Economic Studies Quarterly three times
a year. It is open to contributions from non-members as well as members. Eachissue carries between four and six articles, notes and communications andreviews for books published in Japan. For example, the August 1980 issue
contained "The Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates and Employment in a
Monetary Economy - A Small Country Case," by Kazuhisa KUDOH andthree other papers; The December 1980 issue "A Bayesian Test of the Product
Life Cycle of the Japanese Automobile Industry," by Hiraki TSURUMI andYoshi TSURUMI and five other papers; the April 1981 issue "On the'Marginal
Substitution Rate of Distribution'," by Ken-ichi INADA and five other papers.
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• This Association is interested in the Activities of the American Economic
Association and the Econometric Society among others.
Dispatched Mamoru KANEKO (Tsukuba University) to the Annual Conventionof the Econometric Society (Chicago) in 1978; Toshihisa TOYODA (Kobe
University) to the Annual Convention of the Econometric Society (Atlanta) in
1979; Shunsaku NISHIKAWA (Keio University) to the Sixth World Congress of
the International Economic Association (Mexico City) in 1980.
ADDRESS• The Japan Association of Economics and Econometrics,
c/o Tokei Kenkyukai,
1-8-16 Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, Japan.
Telephone: (03) 591-8496.
(Michihiro OHYAMA)-51-

THE ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHERS(KEIZAI-CHIRI GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE.
• The Association of Economic Geographers was founded on April 29, 1954. It
was around 1930 that economic geographical studies began on a full scale inJapan. Nonetheless, the establishment of a nationally organized body of
economic geographers did not come about before World War II.
In the post-World War II period, all kinds of reforms aimed at thedemocratization of the country were carried out in Japan under the occupa­tion. In Japan's geography circles, too, there were seen developments toward
fundamental changes in the old-time research 、 organizations and educa­
tional system. These developments included groping for a new direction in the
study of humanity and social phenomena. The ultimate outcome of the groping
was the establishment of a new study organization of economic geographers.
The predecessor to the Association of Economic Geographers, the Society for
the Study of Economic Geography, came into being in June, 1952. This society
started as a small group consisting of about 15 scholars residing in Tokyo andits outskirts. Gradually, the Society grew into a place of meeting and discussion
among scholars from all over the country, with those from the Kansai area
being among the first to join the Society from the areas outside of Tokyo.
The general meeting for the purpose of establishing a new national body of
economic geographers, i.e. the Association of Economic Geographers, was heldin Tokyo on April 29, 1954, with 80 scholars from all over the country
attending the meeting.
The basic idea underlying the organization of the Association of Economic
Geographers was to establish economic geography as a social science per se andpromote its development through the penetrating theoretical study of the fruitsof other social sciences, thus to cope with various problems arising actually insociety.
Hiroshi SATO was elected as the first president of the Association, as theCouncilors, about 20 outstanding scholars representing various academic fields,
including economics and geography, were elected. The administration of the
Association was assigned to the Executive Committee consisting of five scholars
attending the inaugural general meeting.
The activities of the Association during the period extending over nearly aone-quarter of a century since its founding can be divided roughly into thefollowing three periods.
• The First Period (1954-1963)
President: Hiroshi SATO (Hitotsubashi University)
During the period of several years following the foundation of the Association,
the meetings were predominated by discussions on the subjects related to thecrux of economic geography while many of the papers published were related
to research-objects and research methods, as well as to the character of・
economic regions. Also, studies based on concrete exploratory researches werecarried out on the formation of industrial regions and agricultural regions, aswell as inter-regional relations between industrial and agricultural regions.
-52-

The first period coincided with the days during which high-rate growth of theJapanese economy started, and various problems related to regional policies,
such as those for agricultural locations, industrial locations and the develop­
ment of underdeveloped regions, were adopted as the general subjects of thesymposia held as the ann叫meetings.
• The Second Period (1963-1969)
President: Keiji OHARA (Hitotsubashi University)
During this period, the Association went through the organizational growth,
resulting in the increased research activities. In 1964, the Society for the
Study of Economic Geography in Kansai was combined with the Association,
and as a result of this, the Kanto Branch and the Kansai Branch came into
being. Needless to say, the combination brought about the expansion of thescope of activities of the Association. The membership, too, naturally grew to a total of 325 members.
The president of the Association served concurrently as the president of the
Kanto Branch, while Professor at Kobe University Minoru Beika assumed thepost of presidency of the Kansai Branch. After 1964, the annual meetings were
held in different cities, such as Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya, etc.
The subject matters mainly taken up at the symposia in this period included
the economic development of Japan, problems of the formation of economic
regions and various urban problems.
Also during this period, overseas researches were carried out extensively. As aresult, there was an increase in the number of papers on regional problems in
the context of the international economy, not to mention the papers on over­seas regional researches themselves. Academic interchange with other countries,
too, increased during this period, resulting in an increase in the number ofscholars visiting Japan from abroad.
Another feature of this period was that the contents of the official reports
published by the Association became increasingly higher in academic quality.
Not only that, the Association began publishing its official reports twice,instead of once, a year during this period.
In 1967, commemorating the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Associa­
tion, a special report entitled "Keizai-Chiri Gaku no Seika to Kadai''(TheFruits of Economic Geographical Study and Problems) Vol. I" was publishedby the Association.
• The Third Period (1970 - Present)(1970-1972) (Senshu University)
Presidents: Djoji EZAWA
Toshio AOKI(1973-1979) (Hitotsubashi University)
Tetsuro KAWASHIMA (1979-Present)(Osaka City University)
The Association had a difficult time in carrying out its activities during thisperiod chiefly because of the campus-disorders which began plaguing
universities in 1969.
Nonetheless, there was a substantial increase in the membership of the
Association. In 1975, the Association saw the establishment of the Chubu
Branch.
Since 1975, moreover, the regular study meetings had been held by various
different branches, while the publication of official reports was changed to four-53-

times, instead of two times, a year.
In 1977, commemorating the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Associa­
tion, the second special report entitled "The Fruits of the Economic Geo­graphical Study and Problems, Vol.II" was published.
While research activities of members became increasingly variegated during thisperiod, research activities carried out overseas also became more extensive andintensive.
It was also during this period that a number of new research methods, including
the quantitative method, were adopted.
To be noted also is the fact that more and more scholars began coping, directly
or indirectly, with problems related to regional policies, such as the National
Comprehensive Development Plan.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Tetsuro KAWASHIMA (Osaka City University)
MEMBERSHIP• Ordinary members: 628
Patronage members: 15
ACTIVITIES• An annual general assembly followed by a general meeting for symposium isheld every year. And several regular meetings, usually seven to eitht times a
year, are held by each local branch (regional divisions).
General subjects of each symposium and reporters at the annual meeting,
1976-1980:
1976 (the 23rd):
Reexaminations on the Industrial Region in Japan. "On the Structureof the Keihin Industrial Zone", Toshibumi YADA (Hosei University),"Developments of Industrial Regions in the Seto Inland Sea", Makoto
MURAKAMI (Hiroshima University), "Some Tentative Approach to
Regional Researches of Industries in the Hokuriku Province", Takahiko
YOSHIDA (Fukui University).
1977 (the 24th):
Research on the Commerce and Distribution in the Field of Economic
Geography.
"Prospects on the Research of Commercial Geography", Hiroshi
MORIKAWA (Hiroshima University), "Location and Differentiation ofWholesales in the Greater Osaka", Yoshiaki TAGUCHI (Osaka City
University), "Changes of Regional Structure of Retailes", Yasuaki
SUZUKI (Osaka City University).
1978 (the 25th):
On the Methodology of Economic Geography. "Inquiry into theEstablishment of Law", Noboru UENO (Miyazaki University), "A
Course of Social - Economic Geography", Iwao KAMOZAWA (Hosei
University), "Reconsideration on the Subject of Economic Geo­graphy", Tetsuro KAWASHIMA (Osaka City University), "The Basic-54-

Subject of Economic Geography", Hisao NISHIOKA (Aoyama-gakuin
University), "Approaches from the Viewpoint of Location Theory in
the Economic Geography", Kiyoji MURATA (Chuo University).
1979 (the 26th):
International Comparison of the Regional Development Policy.
"Regional Policies of United Kingdom", Goichi TSUJI (Matsuyama­
Shoka University), "On the Policy of Spatial Equipment in West
Germany", Masaji KANEDA (Chuo University), "Problems about theRegional Development Policy in India", Kenzo FUJIWARA, Kenji
KITAGAWA, Shuji NAKAYAMA (Hiroshima University).
1980 (the 27th):
Approaches to the Conception of a "Teiju-ken (Unit Area for the
Integrated Residence Policy in the Third Comprehensive National
Development Plan - "Sanzenso")" from the View Point of Economic
Geography. "On The Situation of the "Teijuken" conception in the
Regional Development Policy", Kojiro NAKAMURA (Kanazawa
University), "The Conception "Teijuken" viewed from the Central
Place Theory", Noboru HAYASHI (Nagoya-gakuin University), "On
the 'Teijuken" Conception viewed from the Theory of Regional
Equibrium Development", Etsuo YAMAMURA (Hokkaido University).
PUBLICATIONS• Bulletin: Keizai-Chiri Gaku Nempo (Annuals of the Association of Economic
Geographers), Quaterly. The contents of recent publications are as follows:• Vol.26 No. 1 (1980)
Articles: "Some Consideration of Thiinen's Agri叫tural Location Theory fromthe Viewpoint of Rent Theory", Kiyoshi NAKAJIMA (Yokohama City
University), "The Regional Feature of Milk Seeling", Takaaki KOGANE­ZAWA (Tokyo Metropolitan University).
Note: "The Location of Commercial Warehouse in Yokkaichi", Toshio,AZUMI (Nagoya Joshi Shoka College).
Comment and Reply: "Comment on the Article of Mr. K. Nakajima", Shin­saku YAMANA (Osaka City University).
Index (Vols. 1-25)• Vol.26 No.2 (1980) - Special Issue Banking Networks Articles: "The Development of Banking Networks in Japan: 1868-1941 - theCases of the "Big Five Banks", Naoki YOSHIZU (Shimonoseki City
University),
Notes: "The Banking Networks of Japan 1896-1940'.', Kazutoshi ABE (Aichi­
Ky.oiku University), "An Analysis of the Regional Structure of Japan:
with a focus on the behavior pattern of big banks", Naoharu FUJITA(Meiji University), "The Regional Structure of Financial Institutions in
Hokkaido", Naoya TANIKAWA (Meiji University).
Book Reviews: W.A. Douglas JACKSON, Shoichi YOKOYAMA, "Modern
Political Geography, 1979" (Tatsuya CHIBA). Terutoshi ISHIHARA,"Regional Formation of Milk Industry and Dairy, 1979", (Takaaki
KOGANEZAWA).
-55-

• Vol.26 No.3 (1980)
Articles: "Formation to Chrysanthemums'Producing Area in Yame, Fukuoka
Prefecture", Riko OHTA (Ochanomizu University), "The Plan andReality of the "Japanese Third National Land Total Development
Program" - in relation to Japanese Capitalism in transition", Kojiro
NAKAMURA (Osaka City University).
Notes: "Regional Economic Growth and Job Opportunity - A Perspective
based on Kyohoku Model Integrated Residential Area -", Toshio
SATO (Nihon University), "The Study on Industrial Diversification of
the Region", Masaru OHTA (Kagawa University).
Book Reviews: Shiko SUEO, "An Historical Geography of Water Power
Development and Utilization," 1980 (Kenichiro MORITAKI)
Abstract of Papers and Discussion at the Annual Meeting• Vol.26 No.4 (1980)
Articles: "Fishing Ports and Marketing Function", Toyoji TANAKA (Instituteof 21st Century Problems), "The Educing-Structure of Farmers'Labor
Forces to the Electric Machinery Industry—A case study of Minami­
Saku district, Nagano Prefecture", Takashi AKAHANE (Tottori Univer­sity)
Notes: "The Collective Ejido in Mexico", Takashi MIYAI (Kanagawa Univer­sity), "Banking Networks of Regional Banks and Its Money Flow",
Tatsuya CHIBA (Tokyo Gaigo University), "The Situation of Thilnen's
Agricultural Location Theory in Economics", Kiyoshi NAKAJIMA(Yokohama City University).
Book Reviews: Kenichi MIYAMOTO; Urban Economics, 1980 (Kazuhiko TA­
MURA), Joh R., Gold; An Introduction to Behavioural Geography,
1980 (Masato IKUTA)
Proceedings (abridged)• Vol.27 No.l (1981)
Articles: "Some Issues on the Theories of the Urban Economics", Kazuhiko
TAMURA (Nihon University), "The Regional Patterns of Occupation
Stn1;cture in Mountainous Areas of Japan, 1965-1975", Hidenori OKA­
HASH!, (Kyushu University).
Notes: "The Formation and Changes of Recycling Wholesalers", Makoto
MITSUYA (IOKI M.S.); "Economic-Social System in China - Forcusing
on the Period of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution -", Takie
OHWADA (Jochi University); "Geography and Geographic Education",
Tomio YAMAZAKI (Kanagawa H.S.).
Book Reviews: Yoshio SATO (ed. by); Petty Industries in the Huge City, 1981.
(Yoshie ITO); R.W. VICKERMAN: Spatial Economic Behaviour, 1980.
(Hiroo KAMIYA)
Proceedings (abridged)

RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• At present, we have no immediate connections with overseas associations. How­ever, almost all of our members have much interests in the International Geo­graphical Union, the Pacific Science Congress and other associations with some-56-

research commissions or working groups. Some of our members are themembers of the Regional Science Association and of the (Urban and Regional)
Planning History Group.
Usually, some of foreign researchers have visited informally our association
every year, and vice versa. By our formed invitation Dr. Bosch, Hans H.. ,Professor of Universitat Zurich visited our association in 1976 and give us alecture on the "Development of Land Utilization in Switzerland".
During five years since 1976, none of our members was sent officially toforeign associations. However, in every year, some of our members have madeinformal calls on the overseas associations and have been engaged in the overseas researches.
ADDRESS• The Association of Economic Geographers,
c/o Institute of Economic Geography,
Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi University,
Naka 2-1, Kunitachi City, Tokyo 186, JAPAN(Yoshio OKUDA)-57-

JAPAN ECONOMIC POLICY ASSOCIATION(NIPPON KEIZAI-SEISAKU GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japan Economic Policy Association was established on May 15, 1940. The
society was established on the initiative of scholars of economic policy whowere concerned with the Study Committee No. 23 of the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science to meet the needs of the times for the promotion ofscientific studies of economic policy in theoretical and practical terms. The
society, open to every interested scholar, had an initial membership of 306.
The most important activities of the society throughout its history have been
the holding of annual national conventions and the publication of a journal of
the society, although both activities were suspended during and immediately
after the Second World War. The annual national conventions, held every May,
have been resumed since 1949. Twenty nine issues of the journal which wasresumed in 1953, have appeared.
• The society commemorated the 15th anniversary of foundation in 1955 with aresearch project under the theme, "The Changes in Japanese Economic Policy
during the Ten Years after the end of World War II - Retrospect and Perspect-". The project which was financially supported by the Ministry of Education
resulted in the following. works which were published in their respective years:"Sengo Nippon no Kogyo Seisaku" (The Industrial Policy in Postwar Japan),compiled by Taikichi ITO, 1957, "Sengo Nippon Keizai no Bunseki" (AnAnalysis of Japanese Postwar Economy) compiled by Tokutaro YAMANAKA
and Moriyoshi CHOH, 1958, "Nippon Keizai-Seisaku no Tenkai" (The Devel­
opment of Japanese Economic Policy) compiled by Kiyozo MIYATA andKeizo FUJITA, 1958, and "Sengo Nippon Keizai-Seisaku-Shi Nenpyo" (AChronological Table of the Economic Policy in Postwar Japan) compiled by
Hiroshi MATSUO and Kikuo YAMAOKA, 1962.
● In 1970, to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the foundation of the society,another project to study the theory of contemporary economic policy was
undertaken. The results of the studies conducted by a number of scholars werecompiled in the following book. "Gendai Keizai-Seisaku no Kaimei" (AnAnalysis of Contemporary Economic Policy) compiled by Hiroshi KATO,
Takashi FUJII, Koojiro NIINO and Masanori ITO, published by Toyo Keizai
Shinpo-sha, 1978, with financial aid from the Ministry of Education. To markthe 40th anniversary of the society (in 1979) a committee was set up toencourage international scholarly exchanges. A seminar meeting followed alecture by Dr. J.F. Lesourne, who is Professor of the Conservatoire Nationaldes Arts et Metiers and who was chairperson of the OECD Inter-Futures
Project at the 1980 national convention, the results of which were published inthe "Nippon Keizai Seisaku Gakkai Nenppo" (Annual of the Japan Economic
Policy Association) Vol. XXIX, 1981.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Hiroshi KATO(Keio University)-58-

MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members:

individuals - 941, Institutional Organization - 5

ACTIVITIES• Meetings:

National convention - late May each year
Regional meetings - at least once a year in each of the four regions• Special themes, reports and reporters of national conventions, 1976-1980:
1976: (1) Welfare Policy under the Slower Rate of Economic Growth"Social Welfare and Environment Policy at the Turning Point",
Kenichi MIYAMOTO (Osaka City University), "Four Dilemmas ofSocial Welfare Policies under the Slower Rate of Economic
Growth", Naomi MARUO (Chuo University), "Chairperson's
Summary", Toshinosuke KASHIWAZAKI (Waseda University),(2) Section of Semi-Special Theme"Types of Planning Re-exami nded - Preference Systems ofTargets and Instruments, Hisao ONOE', (Kyoto University),"Economic Planning, A Reappraisal - A Summary of Experiencein Japan", Takafusa NAKAMURA, (University of Tokyo), "Chair­person's Summary", Yoshiharu SHIMIZU (Kantogakuin Univer­sity).
1977: Transformation Policy of Industrial Structure in Japan"The Information Structure and Industrial Structure in Japan",
Kaname 110 (Wakayama University), "Industrial Policy for Structural
Change and Its Promoters",
Kimihiro MASAMURA (Senshu Univer­sity), "Adaptation to International Environment", Chikao TSUKUDA(Ministry of International Trade and Industry), "Chairperson's
Summary", Hideichiro NAKAMURA (Senshu University).
1978: Economic Policy during Thirty Years after World War II in Japan Prospect and Retrospect "Economic Growth and Regional Policy - Retrospect, Comment
and Prospect -", Yasuhiko OHISHI (University of Tokyo), "Industrial
Policy of Postwar Japan - 30 Years' Retrospect and Some Forecast",
Hideichiro NAKAMURA (Senshu University), "The Japanese Foreign
Policy for Developing Countries", Daijiro TSURU (Kyushu University),"Chairperson's Summary", Takashi FUJII (Nagoya University).
1979: Efficiency and Justice in Economic Policy"Efficiency versus Justice as Value Criteria", Yuichi SHIONOY A(Hitotsubashi University), "Efficiency and Equity in the Recommenda­
tion", Takashi NATSUME (Kobe University), "What is the Problem
about Industrial Policy in the '80s; Standing on Two Points of
Efficiency and Justice", Toshimasa TSURUTA (Senshu University),"Chairperson's Summary", Toshinosuke KASHIWAZAKI (Waseda
University).
1980: International Cooperation and Economic Policy in Japanese Economy"On the Coordination of Economic Policies for Structural Adjust­ments in Industrial Economies", Soshichi KINOSHITA (Nagoya Univer­sity), "Resource Policies of Japan - Toward an Age of Political-59-

Struggle", Yasuhiro MUROTA (Saitama University); "World Inflationand Unemployment: Reflections in Search of Principles of Inter na­
tional Economic Management", Mikoto USUI (Tsukuba University).
PUBLICATIONS● "Nippon Keizai Seisaku Gakkai Nenppo" (The Annual of the Japan Econom ic
Policy Association) - annual
Contents of the last number: the Annual mainly deals with papers on a special
theme of a national convention.
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIE�• Gesellschaft Fur Wirtschaft und Sozial Wissenschaften Uerein Fur
Sozial Politik,
Rencontres De St-Gall.
• Invitation of fo�eign scholars (1976-1980):
J.F. Lesourne of Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers lectured under thetheme, "The Management of the World Economy: How to Master the Probableand to Deal with the Unpredictable", at the 1980 national convention of theassociation
MESSAGE AND OTHERS• Qualifications of the membership include the recommendation by two
members of the association, but interested foreign scholars may apply for themembership of the association without recommendation. The annual member­ship fee is 5,000 yen.
All members are given free "The Annual of Japan Economic Policy Associa­
tion". Any individuals who wish to purchase the journal are requested to orderto the following publisher: The Keiso Shobo Publishing Co., 23-15, Koraku-2,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112, Japan (Tel.: 03-814-6831). The price of the latest
number, vol. 29, published on May 20, 1981, is 3,400 yen per copy. The priceof the journal is subject to change due to inflation, and the association suggestthat interested individuals might hold the membership.
ADDRESS• Japan Economic Policy Association
c/o Keio University
15-45, Mita-2, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108
Tel.: 03-453-4511 ext. 3231

Japan

(Toshinobu KATO)-60-

JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF FISCAL SCIENCEDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japanese Association of Fiscal Science was established at a general meeting heldin Tokyo on 26 Oct. 1940. Several senior scholars in the field had attemptedfrom 1930 to set up a similar body but were only successful following the
preparatory committee of September 24, 1940. Out of 69 invitations sent out
62 scholars responded. At the original meeting, advisers and directors wereappointed from the ranks of the senior scholars. At the first meeting, thefollowing members reported on their researches:
Saburo SHIOMI, Economic Fluctuations and the Tax Policy
Juichi TAKAGI, Wartime Finances
Taizo HASEDA, The Taxation of Small Incomes
Ichiro MITAMURA, The Japanese Budgetary System: its Universal Application.
According to the 2nd article of the constitution, "it is the aim of the Associa­
tion that academic researches on public finance are to be presented and friend­ships among members are to be promoted", so that a congress being aimed at
mainly academic presentation has been held every year.
• The activities of the Association were unfortunately suspended because ofWorld War II after the 4th general meeting had been held at Waseda University
in Oct. 1943. After the war, the 5th general meeting was at last held in May
1949 at Tokyo Commercial College where 32 members were gathered andexchanged living discussions. In Nov. 1949, the Association joined the Union of
National Economic Associations in Japan, and two directors of the Association,i.e., Hanya ITO and Yasuhiko SHIMA were elected to be counselors of theUnion.
• The Science Council of Japan agreed that the director Hanya ITO should attend
the 11th Congress of International Institute of Public Finance held in Paris in
Sept. 1955. Since then, the Association has been affiliated to the International
Institute of Public Finance, and a delegate has been sent to the Congress heldby the International Institute in every other year.
Directors were originally nominated, but because of increasing membership, thefirst election of directors took place in Sept. 1956. There were 31 directors, 7
for national and 24 for local constituencies. In Oct. 1959, there was an amend­
ment and the distinction between national and local constituencies disappear­
ed. Thereafter, 21 directors out of 31 were chosen by election and the remain­ing 10 were chosen by newly elected 21 directors. These new rules wereapplicable from in Feb. 1960.
The articles were further amended by the General Assembly in Oct. 1964, andcarried in to effect in April 1965. These were as follows: clarification of com­
petence of the General Assembly, issue of a bulletin (annual report), election ofauditors, and an increase in the quorum of directors from 31 to 37, etc. In Oct.
1972, it was recommended that directors who had held office for 15 years andmore and were over 70 years of age should become advisers rather thandirectors.

-61-

REPRESENTATIVE• Chairman: Motokazu KIMURA (Hitotsubashi University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members:

502

ACTIVITIES• Although the aims of the Association are exclusively academic, its members
include not only university professors but also bureaucrats and tax specialists
who are interested in public finance in general. The Association holds a con­gress on public finance every autumn at which every member receives a copy of"Annual Report of the Japanese Association of Fiscal Science" which includes
research reports and discussions expressed at each Congress.
The common topics, the related themes of report and the names of reporters
presented at each Congress, 1976-1980:
1976 (the 33rd):(1) Medium-Term Fiscal Planning"Medium-Term Fiscal Planning in U.K.", Sei FUJITA (Osaka
University)"Medium-Term Fiscal Planning in West Germany", Susumu SATO
(Musashi University)"Fiscal Models and Fiscal Planning", Yukio NOGUCHI (Saitama
University)"Fiscal and Administrative Planning in Local Government",
Masaru HIROSE (Tokyo Metropolis)(2) Direction and Themes on the Tax Reform"Questions upon the Traditional Theory of Public Finance", Hiro­hisa KITANO (Nihon University)"An Origin of the Canadian Tax Reform and its Reality", Takeshi
KOBAYASHI (Nagasaki University)"A Critical Review on Tax Credit Proposals in U.K.", MorioMIZUTANI (Fukuoka University)(3) Reexamination on Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations"British and Japanese Type in I.F.R.", Makoto TAKAHASHI(Hosei University)"German-Austrian and Japanese Type in I.F.R.", Kiyoshi TAKA­HASHI (Shizuoka University)"The Local Allocation Tax (General Grants) and I.F.R.", Takuma
FURUKAWA (Seinan-Gakuin University)
1977 (the 34th):(1) Evaluation and Prospects of the Japanese Fiscal Reform after the
War"The Post-War Tax Reform and the Shoup Recommendation",
Hiromitsu ISHI (Hitotsubashi University)"Significance of the Transitional Jurisdiction of Local Finances in
the Central Government - From the Dissolution of the Ministryof Home Affairs to the Autonomy Agency -", Takehisa
HAYASHI (University of Tokyo)-62-

"Evaluation and Prospects of the Post-War Fiscal Management Viewpoints on International Comparison ー ", Hidehiro ICHIKAWA(2) (Chuo University).
Issues on Public Debt and Fiscal Policy"Contemporary Significance of the Theory on Issuing Bond",
Kotaro IKEDA (Seijyo University)"On Crowding-Out Effects of Fiscal Policy", Toshikazu KAN(Hiroshima University)"Issues of National Debt and Inflation", Atsumi NINOMIYA(Osaka Foreign Language University)(3) Fiscal Problems in Centralization and Decentralization"Decentralized Functions in Local Finance System and their
Limit", Masaaki HOMMA (Osaka University)"Fiscal Centralization and Decentralization in U.K. - Viewpoints
in the Layfield Report-", Masatoshi HAYASHI (Yokohama City
University)"On .the Trend of Subsidies in our Local Finances and Administra­tion", Hidekazu DOI (Kumamoto Commercial College)
1978 (the 35th):(1) Problems on the Tax Policy"Tax-Expenditures and the Ideal Income Tax System", Takeshi
KOBAYASHI (Nagasaki University)"A Point-of-View on the Shifting and Incidence Analysis of the
Corporation Income Tax - An Examination of the Shifting andIncidence of the Tax related to Legislative and Administrative
Processes", Mari NISHINO (Meiji University)"Theoretical Problems on the General Consumption Tax", Masa­
ichi MIZUNO (Nagoya University)(2) Reconstruction of Local Finances"Crisis in Local Finances and Rationalisation of Administration
and Finances", Keimei SUZUKI (Jichi College)"Reconstruction of Local Finances", Shozo TAKAYOSE (KobeCity)''A merican Metropolitan Finances in Transition", TokueSHIBATA (Tokyo Metropolis Pollution Institute)1979 (the 36th):(1) Fundamental Problems of Public Debt
"Fundamental Problems of Public Debt - with Special Reference
to Local Bond Problems-", Kazuhiro IWANAMI (Chuo Univer­sity)"Avoidance of Fiscal Inflation and the Liberalization of Interest
Rates", M<;1sataka NAKAJIMA (Japan Institute of Security
Economy)"Problems on the Burden of Public Debt", Hirofumi NAKAGIRI(Hosei University)(2) Theory and Practice of Public Policy Policy Decision-Making"Incremental Decision-Making and Fiscal Democracy", Akira-63-

KOJIMA (Hosei University)"A Dynamic Model of Budgetary Processes", Yukio NOGUCHI(Hitotsubashi University)"An Analysis on Dynamic Decision-Making Processes of Road
Budget", Eisuke SAKAKIBARA (Saitama University)(3) Aging Society and Local Finances"Old Aged Security and Local Finances'', Koichi EMI (Hitotsu­
bashi University)"Aged Welfare Policy and Local Governments", Tatsuo OZAWA
and Koichi TAKAHASHI (Musashi University)"Statistical Analysis on Inflexible Structure of Metropolitan
Expenditures", Tadakuni KOIZUMI (Tsukuba University)
1980 (the 37th):(I) Fundamental Problems of Subsidies"Efficiency and Equity of Subsidy Outlays - Fundamental
Problems of Subsidies", Yoshio Ozawa (Kinki University )"Fundamental Problems of Subsidies", Takuma FURUKAWA(Seinan-Gakuin University)"Fundamental Problems of Subsidies", Yuzuru HATANO (Chiba
Keiai Economic University), Michiomi IRIE (Nihon University)(2) Economic Effects of Taxation"On Saving-Incentive Effects of Property Taxation", Hisashi
WATANABE (Kobe Commercial College)"The Shifting and Price Effects of the Consumption-Type Value­
Added Tax - Inter-industry Analysis -", Hideo NAKAI (Kinki
University)"The Incidence of Profit Taxation - On Post-Keynesian Approach-", Shunichi MORI (Tokyo Metropolitan University)(3) Reexamination on the Theory of Fiscal Policy"On Buchanan-Wagner's Critique of Keynesian Economics", Akio
SAKAI (Kansai University)''Buchanan-Wagner's Argument on Fiscal Defict", Keimei
KAIZUKA (University of Tokyo)"Theoretical Reexaminations on Fiscal Policy", Ichiro OKUMA(Keio University).
PUBLICATIONS● "Annual Report of the Japanese Association of Fiscal Science"
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• In 1955, as mentioned earlier, the Association became a member of Interna­
tional Institute of Public Finance, Saar University D-6600 Saarbrilcken 11,
Federal Republic of Germany. The Chairman of this Association, Motokazu
KIMURA, was elected a member of the Board of Directors at the 30th Con­
gress (197 4) oflnternational Institute of Public Finance.
The Association sent Masazo OHKAWA as the delegate to the 32nd
Congress of IIPF held in Edinburgh in 1976, and also Akihito UDA-64-

GAWA to the 33rd Congress held in Hamburg in 1978.
OTHER TOPICS• This year (1981) will certainly be remembered by almost every member of the
Association: the 37th Congress of IIPF was held in Tokyo from 7 to 11 Sept.
1981, the first such meeting in Asia. Themes of sessions in the scientificprogramme were as follows: "Public Finance and Growth", (I) The Role of
Public Finance in Promoting Growth-Relevant Private and Public Activities, (II)The Role of Public Finance in Promoting Regional and Urban Growth, and(III) The Role of Public Finance and the Role of Monetary Policy in Long-Run
Growth.
The Congress on "Public Finance and Growth was sponsored by Science
Council of Japan, Japanese Association of Fiscal Science, the Union of
National Economic Associations in Japan, Japan Economic Research Institute,and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. We are very happy that the Congress
held in Japan was judged successful by the delegates and participants comingfrom all over the world.
ADDRESS• The Japanese Association of Fiscal Sciencec/o Hitotsubashi University
Naka 2-1, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
Tel.: 0425-72-1101(Seiji FURUTA)-65-

JAPAN ACADEMY FOR FOREIGN TRADE(JAFT)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE.
• JAFT was established .on September 29, 1961, to encourage scientific research
into international trade. The membership has hoped to join a wider field of
research dealing with management of trade, trade history, transnational enter­
prise, North-South tra�e, practice of trade business and so on, besides theory
and policy of international trade. It has also been intended to provide an op­
portunity for interdisciplinary and integrated discussion about problems related
to international trade. JAFT has organized many ad hoc workshops forresearch, for examples, on the subject of trade policies, international com­
mercial arbitration, international transportation, exports by local small andmedium industries and so on.
In the l 960's, the main subjects of research concentrated on the relationships
between trade and economic growth. But during the l 970's, research fields
broadened to include the international movement of productive factors, includ­ing transfer of technology, the activities of multi-nationals, exports of industri­al plants and engineering services, business practice of international consortia,
restructuring of international industrial organization, trade problems in the
New International Economic Order, etc..
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Makoto TAKAI (Kwanseigakuin University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members: 242
ACTIVITIES• Meetings:

National meeting - once a year,
Regional meetings - 2 or 3 times a year.
• Common Subjects of Annual National Meetings, 1976 - 1980.
1976 : Development of New International Trade Order"Investment Problems for Development of Natural Resources", Noboru
TSUDA (Senshu University).
"International Commodity Agreement and Market Mechanism", Shigeo
IRIYE (Research Institute of Port Labour.)"On the Diversity of F.0.B. Contracts", Hiroshi NAKAMURA(Doshisha University).
"Group of Brothers Companies and Sogoshosha, Keiichiro ISODA(Kobegakuin University).
1977 : Correspondence of Japanese Trade to Changing World Economic
Environment"Technological Competition and World Trade", Keiji KASUYA(Kokushikan University).
"MNE's management in Changing World Economy", Kenichi ENATSU(Kinki University).
-66-

"Overseas Activities of Japanese enterprise in Changing World Econo­
mic Environment", Yukio SAITO (Chuogakuin University).
1978 : NIEO and Trade policies"Toward Planning of the World Economy", Araki MATSUMOTO,(Takasaki College of Economics).
"Market Disruption and U.S. Trade Policy", Akio YONEKURA (Kinki
University).
"World Inflation and Prices of Primary Products", Shigeo IRIYE,(Research Institute of Port Labour.).
"On the Causes of Trade Conflicts Between Japan and Europe", Norio
IWANE (Kwanseigakuin University).
1979 : Trade Problems in New World Economic Situation"Trade System and Politico-economic Self-reliance of Developing
Countries in Africa", Go IWAKI (Aichigakuin University).
"Foreign Trade and Policy of China", Masachika SUDO, (World Eco­nomic Information Services).
"Japanese Investment in U.S.A. - A Managerial issues", Kenichi
ENATSU (Kinki University).
"North-south Problems and Natural Resources", Shigeo IRIYE(Chuogakuin University).
1980 : Trade of Japan in 1980's - Toward a new pattern of activities"Analysis of Competitive Factors of Japanese Industries - Social
productive base approach" -. Tetsuo MINATO, (Institute of Businessand Economy, Osaka Prefecture).
"Trade of Natural Resources and Industrial Structure in Japan", Masaru
SAITO (Chuo University).
"Qualitative Change in Trade Policies of Japan", Misaki IWAMOTO,(Aoyama University).
"Future of Japanese Trade System - Comparative analysis with Euro­pean countries" -, Ryohei ASAOKA (Waseda University).
"International Management of Japanese MNEs in l 980's - From view­
point of Sogoshosha's strategies" -, Keiichiro ISODA (Kobegakuin
University).
PUBLICATIONS• "The Annual Bulletin of the Japan Academy for Foreign Trade". (Annualy
publication.) JAFT News, 3 times in a year.
• Contents of recent Bulletin (1982)"North-South Trade", Masaru SAITO.
"Cottage Industries and Trade in Philippine", Jitsuji INADA.
"Trade and Economic Development of Madagascar in l 970's", Masamichi
CHIYOURA.
"Trade and Industrialization in the Middle-East Countries", Mitsuro TERA­
MOTO.
"Economic Development and Trade in Latin American Area", Kazuhiko
HIROSE.
-67-

"Korean Economy and Japan-Korea Economic Relationship" Hideyuki
WAKUI.
"Problems around Improvement of Trade System in China", Hideo UENO.
"Tokyo Round and Trade Problems of the Third World", Katsuyoshi NISHIDA .
"Trade Structure of Foods in the Third World", Mitsuharu FUJIHARA.
"Price Stabilization Effects by International Commodity Agreement", Shigeo
IRIYE.
"Trade and Tariff Policies in Australia", Toshiharu OHTANI.
"Foreign Economic Policy of the Australian Labour Party Administration,
1972-75", Kimio KAWAHARA.
"Distinguishing Features and Functions of the Sogoshosha", Yoshiyuki IKEDA .
"Autonomous Divestment", Takayoshi ARISAWA.
"Information Policy of the Sogoshosha", Yoshikazu MIYASAKA.
"Labour-Management Relations in Multinational Companies", Akira KINO­SHITA.
"Theory of International Industrial Adjustment", Kiichi KAGEYAMA.
"Humanity, Life System and Developing Country", Araki MATSUMOTO.
"Correlation Analysis of Growth Rates between Productivity and Exports",
Y oshiaki YANAGIDA.
"Relations between the Overseas Dispatch System and Children's Education in
Multinational Company", Yukio SAITO.
"On the Producer's Associations of Primary Products", Hiroshi NAKAMURA.
"Trading Supremacy of Netherland in East Indian Area in 17c", Koza SHINA­NO.
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• International Economic Association
Academy of International Business
ADDRESS• c/o Professor I. Sakurai, Department of Commerce,
Meiji University,
Kanda, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan(Masaru SAITO)-68-

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INSURANCE SCIENCEDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Japanese Society of Insurance Science was established on November 24,
1940.: The objectives of the Society are to promote studies on insurance, toenhance mutual cooperation among insurance experts as well as to form co­operative relationship with related societies and organizations both inside andoutside this country.
• The Original Society of Insurance Science, which was established in 1895, hadgreatly contributed to the development of insurance industry and academic
circles for many long years through the publication of insurance journals. This
society, however, failed to meet the demand of the young member scholars tohold annual national conferences where they could directly exchange theirviews on insurance. The young members therefore inaugurated a separateorganization, the Japanese Society of Insurance Science in 1940. The newsociety was obliged to suspend its activities in 1944 towards the end of WorldWar II after holding annual national conferences and publishing annual reports
for initial four years. The older society cased its activities, too in the same year.
In 1950 the two societies were integrated into one body, out of the post-war
move within the societies to resume their activities. The new body, the Japa­
nese Society of Insurance Science, accommodated all the members and execu­
tives of both societies and continued to publish the original fifty years oldbulletin, the "Journal of Insurance Science". The Society observed the 30th
anniversary of its foundation in 1970, when a collection of essays written by
22 scholars of insurance, attached with "The 30-year History of the JapaneseSociety of Insurance Science" by Ryoichi OHBA Y ASHI, was published.
REPRESENTATIVE• Chairman: Nagahisa KASAHARA, (Meiji University)
MEMBERSHIP• Honorary members: 16 including two foreigners
Hornorary membership has been granted since 1954 to the foreign scholars
who contributed to the JSIS through their written works or personal guidanceof Japanese scholars. Past honorary members from abroad in the order ofmembership granted are: Messers S.S. Huebner, A. Manes, W. Rohrbeck, H.
Hax, H. Moller, A. Besson, P. Bracess, and A. Donati.
• Ordinary members: 825 including 51 foreigners
Ordinary membership has been granted to foreigners since 1961.
• Supporting members: 56 organizations
ACTIVITIES• Meetings:
National convention - annual
Regional meetings - six times a year (three times in each of the Tokyo andOsaka regions)• Members of the society presented their papers on their respective subjects at-69-

annual conventions in early years, and besides since 1963 papers have beenpresented on the special theme followed by discussions based on papers pre­sented.
• Special themes and reporters of national conferences, 1976 - 1980:
1976 : (1) On the Obligor of Remains of Subject-Matter in Case of Sub­rogation
Reporters: Kouhei TANABE (Seinan Gakuin University)
Kouichiro KURASAWA (Keio University)
Kazuhiko HANABUSA (Niigata University)(2) Financial Activities of Life Insurance Companies
Reporters: Kazuya MIZUSHIMA (Kobe University)
Yuichi SAKAI (Meiji Life Insurance Mutual Co.)
Masuzo SHOJI (Nippon Life Insurance Mutual Co.)
1977 : On the Insurance Industry in Japan
Reporters: Kouichi HIROUMI (Hitotsubashi University)
Kazuya MIZUSHIMA (Kobe University)
Komaji KITAMOTO (Kansei Gakuin University)
Akinori NURI (Kinki University)
Kunito MORIMATSU (Insurance Research Institute)1978 : Welfare Policy and Insurance Industry
Reporters: Yasuyuki KURODA (Meiji University)
Tatsunori SUZUKI (Waseda University)
Kanichi HASHIKATA (Tokyo College of Economics)
Isao SHIMOWADA (Yamaguchi University)
Kiyoshi MURAKAMI (Nippon Dantai Life Insurance Co.)
Akira SUDA (Yasuda Fire and Marine Insurance Co.)
Otoya HIRAI (Insurance Research Institute)1979 : Some Problems to Products Liability Insurance
Reporters: Umeji NISHIJIMA (Hosei University)
Toshiaki KAMEI (Kansai University)
lttoku MONMA (Kobe University)
Yasutoshi HONMA, (Nissan Fire and Marine Insurance Co.)1980 : Some Problems on Japanese Insurance Regulation
Reporters: Umeji NISHIJIMA (Hosei University)
Ryo IWASAKI (Osaka City University)
Kouichiro KURASAWA (Keio University)
Shunsaku INAGAKI (Rating Association of Japan)
Kenji USAMI (The Life Insurance Association of Japan)
Yoshihiro YAMANOUCHI (The Life Insurance Associationof Japan)
PUBLICATIONS• Journal of Insurance Socience (Hoken-gaku Zasshi) quarterly
Contents of the last number: Dec. 1980
"A Study of Participation in Life Insurance Business", Hisayoshi TAKEDA"Development of Life Insurance in Japan", Kuniaki ISHINAZAKA
ー-70-

"The Development of Insurance Market in 17-Century Amsterdam", Shigeo
IKENO"Special Rescission by Insurer in Life Insurance", Toshio NAKAMURA"The Formation of Life Insurance Laws and Their Mutual Adjustment",
Terunobu MIZOBUCHI
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Affiliated overseas societies:
International Actuarial Association (IAA)The Society attended the 13th conference of the IAA in Holland in 1951, thefirst international conference for the Society to attend. The IAA keeps aca­
demic relation with the Institute of Actuaries of Japan with which the Society
has close ties.
Association Internationale de Droit d'Assurance (AIDA)The Society has dispatched its delegates to the AIDA conferences every four
years.
Deutscher Verein fur Versicherungswissenshaft
Since Ryoichi OHBAYASHI, representing the Society, lectured a meeting of
this German society for the frrst time in 1964, the Society has continued todispatch its members to the conferences of the German counterpart.
Korean Insurance Academic Society
Hahn, president of the Korean Insurance Academic Society, proposed to makeacademic exchange with our organization in 1970 when he visited here for
lecturing. The two societies started academic exchanges in 197 4 by sending
delegates to each other's annual conventions.
• Invitation of foreign scholars during 1976and 1980:
1976: Haseough Koo, Bong Su Yang, Tonkak Suh
1977 : Dong Ho Hahn, Hakshim Chung1978 : Chichul Song, Hae Kyun Cho
1979 : Sung Kyu Yang, Yang Kon Koh
1980 : Chu Chan Sonn, Inje Kim• Members dispatched during 1976and 1980:
1976: Deutscher Verein fur Versicherungswissenshaft
Shinryo TANIYAMA
Korean Insurance Academic Society
Kouhei TANABE, Nobuo YASUI1977 : Deutscher Verein fur Versicherungswissenshaft
Isao SHIMOWADA
Korean Insurance Academic Society
Eiichi KIMURA, Mamoru HONDA
1978 : Deutscher Verein fur Versicherungswissenshaft
Jo YAMASHITAAIDATeruzo KATSURAGI, Eiichi KIMURA
1979 : Deutscher Verein fur Versicherungswissenshaft
Takuji KANEKO, Jo YAMASHITA, Tatehiko FUJITA
Korean Insurance Academic Society
Nagahisa KASAHARA, Tatsunori SUZUKI
-71-

*

1980 : Korean Insurance Academic Society
Taizo FUKUMURO, Kanichi HASHIKATA
Members of the Society also attend the meetings of the following:
International Actuarial Association
American Risk and Insurance Association
International Insurance Seminars
Pacific Insurance Conference
East Asian Insurance Congress

ADDRESS• The Japanese Society of Insurance Science
c/o The Life Insurance Association of Japan
4-1, Marunouchi 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan(Nobuo YASUI)-72-

THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Society was established on April 29, 1950 by the combined effort of thelate, T. YANAIBARA, (University of Tokyo), T. NAWA, (Osaka City Universi­ty), and K. AKAMATSU, (Hitotsubashi University). The purpose of this Sode­ty is to bring together academics and other experts in the field of International
Economics with its related subjects, and to encourage further research. Mem­bers pursue the theoretical and policy aspects of international economics aswell as the historical and current analysis of international economic situations.
Recently, with the rapid development and changes in the world economy, thecontents of the subject of international economics and business have beenmuch diversified into the detailed division of trade, finance, investment and the
problems of less developed countries including oil producing countries. We also
see the difficulties of the exchange, trade and industrial adjustment even among
the developed countries.
Between 1950 and 1957 conferences were held twice yearly but from 1957
there have been annual meetings. In retrospect, the subjects of common inter­est reflecting changing world economy were as follows: Structural Disequilib­
rium of World Economy and Crisis, Japanese Trade, Issues of Less Developed
Countries in Asia, Trade and Aid, International Monetary Problems, Fixedversus Flexible Exchange Rate System, Economic Frictions among U.S.A.,
Europe and Japan.
REPRESENTATIVE• President:
Kiyoshi KOJIMA (Hitotsubashi University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members : 1,000
ACTIVITIES• Meetings :Two separate regional (Eastern and Western Japan) meetings Six times each a year, Annual Assembly - Once a year
• Common subjects of Annual National Meetings, 1976-1980 :1976 : Crisis of World Economy - Its Structure and Policy Direction"Development of North-South Problems and the Crisis of World Econo­my", Ken'kichi HONDA, (Osaka City University)"Oil Money, International Monetary System and Trade", Takuji
SHIMANO, (Gakushuin University)"An Essay on the Recent Global Stagflation", Giichi MIYAZAKI,(Kyoto University).
"A Fundamental Approach to the Crisis of World Economy", Horoshi
KITAMURA, (Aoyama Gakuin University).
1977 : Free Trade and Regionalism - Review of Multilateral, Free and Non­
Discriminative Trade"Communist Countries Trade Policy towards Capitalist World", Kazuo-73-

OGAWA, (Japan Association for trade with Soviet Union).
"Development of Economic Integration in Latin America - A Study ofAndean Common Market", Yukinori ITO, (Research Institute ofOverseas Investments, Export-Import Bank of Japan)"Free Trade and Regionalism in the European Communities laying
importance to the changes of the intra-EC Trade", Kenji KATAYAMA,(Fukuyama University).
"International Monetary System and Regionalism - Regional Co­
operations within European Communities and among Developing
Countries", Ken'ichi ODAWARA, (Sophia University).
"International Monetary System of New International Economic
Order", Hiroshi SHIBATA, (Nagoya City University).
"Primary Commodity Problems and Basic Principles for Solution",
Hiroaki FUKAMI, (Keio University).
"A New International Economic Order and Primary Commodities",
Akira OHNISHI, (Soka University).
1978 : Review on International Economics - Centering around Trade andNorth-South Problem - Toward an Alternative Theory of International
Trade
Kiyoshi IKEMOTO, (Kobe University).
"On Marx's Unfinished Latter System of his "Plan" of Political Econo­my", Shunzo MURAOKA, (Tohoku University).
"Development Economics: A Review Article", Shiro ASADA, (Otaru
Shoka University).
"Capital Export and Underdevelopment: A Marxist Approach", Tadashi
YAMAGIDA, (Konan University).
1979 : Conflicts and Co-operation in the World Economy - With Special
Reference to Balance of Payments and Structural Adjustment Japanese Economy under the Manged Floating Rate System:"An Econometric Study", Akihiro AMANO, (Kobe University).
"Various Phases of Imbalance due to Disparate Growth Rate of Pro­
ductivity between Nations", Kenzo YUKIZAWA, (Kyoto University).
"International Industrial Adjustment and Gaps of External Policy",
Tatsuro UCHINO, (Sophia University).
1980 : The Total Vision of World Economy - Prospect for 1980s"Basic Structure and Future Prospect of the World Resource and Trade
Problems - Towards Filling a Gap between Ideality and Reality",
Hiroaki FUKAMI, (Keio University).
"Integration of World Economy and Worldwide Intra-Firm Division of
Production Processes", Shoshichi SUGIMOTO, (Kyoto University).
"Decline of the Dollar as International Money", Buntaro TOMIZUKA,(Tokyo Keizai University).
PUBLICATIONS• The International Economy : YearlyContents of latest edition : (Articles)-74-

"New Orientation in Development Strategy - Contemporary Capitalism andthe Third World",'"How to recognise the NICs","The Law of the Priority Growth of the 1st Department and a Criticism on theContemporary Capitalism","A New Capitalism for a New International Economic Order Discussion","World Economy in the Contemporary Capitalism - Radical Approach andInstitutionalist Approach"
REALTIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• American Economic Association
The Canadian Economics Association
Southern Economic Association
Western Economic Association
Hong Kong Economic Association
Indian Economic Association
Korean Economic Association
Economic Association of Malaysia
Pakistan Economic Association
Philipphine Economic Association
Royal Economic Society● 1977 : Yashichi OHTA, (Waseda University) to the 9th Pacific Trade andDevelopment Conference in San Francisco
1980 : Tsuneo NAKAUCHI, (International Christian University) to I E A in
MexicoADDRESS• The Japan Society of International Economics
c/o Professor Ken'ichi ODAWARA,
Faculty of Economics, Jochi (Sophia) University,
7 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102, Japan.
Tel: 03-238-3222, 3224
(Toshikazu HAMADA)-75-

JAPAN SOCIETY OF MONETARY ECONOMICSDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japan Society of Monetary Economics was established on June 17, 1943 under
the initiative of the members of a monetary system study group formed by
Tanzan ISHIBASHI in 1932. The founding members of the society consisted of
111 individuals and 47 corporations. The first president of the society was
Kakujiro YAMAZAKI, and current president Torajiro TAKAGAKI was also
among the inauguration members.
The society, stressing the important role of money and finance in the Japanese
economy, was designed to enable both scholars and business practioners to con­duct joint researches on the monetary system. The initial objective of the socie­
ty is still important: not only sholars on monetary economics but officials, ofthe Ministry of Finance, the Bank of Japan and other city banks have presented
their papers at the semi-annual conferences of the society.
REPRESENTATIVE.
• President : Torajiro TAKAGAKI (Seijo University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of members : 592
ACTIVITIES• Meetings :National conference — twice a year
Regional meetings - occasional● Special themes, reports and reporters at national conferences, 1976 - 1980 :1976 Spring: Problems of Government Bond Management in Japan
Report: Shinichi GOTO (Mitsui Bank), Yoichi OSHIMA (Bank ofJapan), Hisamasa SAKOMIZU (Ministry of Finance), Keimei
KAIZUKA, (University of Tokyo).
1976 Autumn: Social Roles of Bank
Report: Shozo TANITA (Osaka City University), Teruyuki OKUMURA(Taiyo Kobe Bank), Hiromi TOKUDA (Ministry of Finance),
Bunkichiro HORIKE (Waseda University).
1977 Spring: Funds of Trust Fund Bureau Fund and Monetary Market
Report: Koichi SUZUKI (Bank of Japan), Tsuneo ISHIKAWA (Kyoto
University), Kazuhiro IWANAMI (Chuo University), Shiro
HARA(Yokoh呻a City University).
1977 Autumn: Stagflation and Fiscal and Monetary Policy
Report: Sadaaki HOSOYA (Bank of Japan), Takeo TAKAHASHI(Economic Planning Agency), Ichiro KAWAI (Osaka City
University), Ryuichiro TACHI(University of Tokyo).
1978 Spring: Changing Monetary System and Interest Adjustment in Japan
Report: Shinichi GOTO (Mitsui Bank), Takashi SATO (Bank of Japan),
Masaru YOSHITOMI (Economic Planning Agency), Takeo
KUMANO (Senshu University), Toshio MURAI (Keio Universi­
ty).
-76-

1978 Autumn: Reassessment of Monetary Policy
Report: Bunji KURE (Bank of Japan), lchiro NAGAYOSHI (Daiwa
Bank), Shinji KAWAGUCHI (Osaka University), Ryuichiro­
TACHI (University of Tokyo).
1979 Spring: Current Problems oflntemational Finance
Report: Kenichi ODAWARA (Sophia University), Ichiro TAKEUCHI(Bank of Tokyo), Satomasa OBA (Ministry of Finance), Take­shiro KODERA (Kansei Gakuin University).
1979 Autumn: The Current Situation of Monetary Market and Problems of
Public Loan Management in Japan
Report: Tadashi YASUDA (Bank of Japan), Mitsuya SUZUKI (Ministryof Finance), Tetsuo YAGI (Sumitomo Bank), Takeshi GOTO
(Yamaichi Securities Research Institute), Koichi OKUDA (Asia
University).
1980 Spring: Problems of International Currency
Report: Kumiharu SHIGEHARA (Bank of Japan), Shin HARA (Bank ofTokyo), Ryuji KATO (Ministry of Finance), Shoichi KASE
(Kanto Gakuin University), Eiji OZAKI (Senshu University).
1980 Autumn: Chaging Financial Structure and Its Problems
Report: Kunihiko KOGA (Bank of Japan), Tadashi INUI (Sanwa Bank),
Tsuneo ISHIKAWA (Kyoto University), Sadao ISHIDA (Meiji
University).
PUBLICATIONS● "Bulletin of the Japan Society of Monetary Economics" - twice of year
ADDRESS• Japan Society of Monetary Economics
c/o Toyo Keizai Shinpo-sha
1-4, Hongoku-cho, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 110, Japan(Hiroshi KAWAGUCHI)-77-

ACADEMIC ASSOCIATION FOR ORGANIZATIONAL SCIENCE(SOSHIKI GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Academic Association for Organizational Science was established in September,1959 under the initiative of the late Dr. Keiji BABA. The activities of theassociation were initially conducted by a group of a relatively small number ofscholars under the direction of Dr. Baba. The association was obliged to sus­pend its activities following the unexpected death of Dr. Baba in August 1961.
However, it resumed in November 1963 in response to strong demand. Since
then, the association, under President Susumu TAKAMIYA, has undertaken awide range of activities.
REPRESENTATIVE• President : Susumu TAKAMIYA, (Sophia University).
MEMBERSHIP• Number of members : individual members - 850, company members - 31
ACTIVITIES• Meetings :National convention - once a year plus other monthly and annual
meetings• Special themes, papers and reporters at national conventions, 1976 - 1980:
1976 : International Comparison of Organizations(1.) International comparison of organizations, personnel and labor manage­
ment"International Applications of Japanese Employment System", Hideo
ISHIDA, (Keio University).
"Job Development in Japan - in Comparison with the U.S. Cases",
Toshiko FUTAMURA (Tokyo Metropolitan University).
"Assessment of Management Ability in Japan and the U.S.", Masahide
SEKIMOTO (Keio University).
(2.) International comparison of management strategy"The Characteristics of International Management Strategy in JapaneseMulti-national Enterprises", Motofusa MURAYAMA (Chiba Universi­
ty).
"International Activities of Japanese Firms", Naoto SASAKI (Sophia
University).
"Organizations and Management in Japanese Businesses", Masumi
TSUDA (Hitotsubashi University).
1977 : Organizations in the Changing Environment"Market Diversification and Organizational Adaptation", Junichi
OMOTE (Mika Lady Co.).
"Industrial Structural Changes and Organizational Adaptation", Ikuo
KAMEI (Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
"Dynamic Trend in Organizational Structures", Gen KOYAMA,-78-

(Nippon Kokan K.K.), Masateru KAWAKAMI (Chiyoda Chemicaf
Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd.).
"Change in Value System of Laborers", Mitsuharu WARASHINA(All Japan Federation of Electric Machine Workers'Unions).
"Enterprises in the Changing Environment", Seiji TSUTSUMI (Seibu
Department Store Co.).
1978 : Future Prospect of Organizations"Re-evaluation of Scale Merit - On the Advantage of Large Scale andthe Inefficiency of Small Scale in Businesses", Satoru TAKAYANAGI(Chuo University).
"The Age of Re-evaluation of Scale Merit and Small Businesses", Tadao
KIYONARI (Hosei University).
"A Study of Knowledge-Intensive Organizations", Kazuo NODA
(Rikkyo University).
"Innovation and Future Organizations", Kuniyoshi URABE (Kobe
University).
"Organizational Behavior and Organizational Structure", Yasuo OKA­
MOTO (University of Tokyo).
"Power Structure and Authority Structure", Hiroshi WATASE (Kyoto
University).
1979 : Problems and Method of Organizational Science"General Theory of Systems and Control, and Organization Theory",
Hideo ICHIHASHI (University of Osaka Prefecture).
"Internal Organization and Agency", Hiroyuki ITAMI (Hitotsubashi
University).
"On Method of Study of Business Organizations", Motokichi INABA(Yokohama National University).
"The Possiblility of the Bernard-Simon Theory", Moriaki TSUCHIYA(University of Tokyo).
"Theories of Business Behavior and Methods of Related Sciences",
Tadahiko KAWAI (Gakushuin University).
"The Methodological Basis and Future Problems of the Contingency
Theory of Organizations", Ikujiro NONAKA (Defense Academy).
1980 : Comparative Studies of Organizations
Political organizations:
Reporters: Junnosuke MASUMI (Tokyo Metropolitan University),
Kaoru OKANO (Meiji University).
Public administrative organizations:
Reporters: Satoru OGASAWARA (Hyogo Prefecture), Michio
MURAMATSU (Kyoto University).
Educational organizations:
Reporters: Ken OGATA (Hosei University), Tadakazu NAKAMURA(Economic Critic).
Religious organizations:
Reporters : Toyoaki ONO (Sanno College of Management), Kiyomi
MORIOKA (Seijo University).
-79-

Hospital organizations :Reporters : Shingo ISHIHARA (Ministry of Health and Welfare),
Masataka SUGI (Rikkyo University)
PUBLICATIONS• Organizational Science - quarterly
Contents of the last number (vol. 15, No. 1, March 1981) :• Special Issue of "The Comparative Study of Various Organizations""A Note on the System and its Functioning of the Liberal Democratic Party ofJapan", Kaoru OKANO"The Organization of the Catholic Church", Toyoaki ONO"Religions Organization : Organization Forms of Indigenous Religions in Con­
temporary Japan", Kiyomi MORIOKA"The Characteristics of the Hospital Organization", Shingo ISHIHARA"Hospital : Reorganization and its Effects on Administration", Masataka SUGI
"Outlook on the Comparative Study of Organizations", Yoshitaro HARA­
SAWA
Mateirals :"Information Flow, Decision-Marking and Coordination in the Administrative
Organization", Satoru OGASAWARA
Reports :Some Comments on the Comparative Study of Organizations :"Review of 1981 Annual Meeting of the Academic Association for Organiza­
tional Science", Mitsuo MORIMOTOBook Reviews :Hiroyuki ITAMI, "The Logic of Corporate Strategy", Ikujiro NONAKA
Yiisuke KAWAHARA, "Strategic Planning : Theory of Methods of Adaptation
to Turbulent Environment", Akihiro OKUMURA
Kuniyoshi URABE, "The Contingency Theory of Organization' い Takashi
UCHINO
E.E. Lawler, III, "Motivation in Work Organizations", Toshiko FUTAMURA
H.1. Ansoff, "Strategic Management", Takahiro FUJIMOTORELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• International Sociological Association·American Academy of Management• Invitation of foreign scholars (1976-1980) :1977 : Herbert A. SIMON (Carnegie-Mellon University)
1978 : Masaru YOSHIMORI (School of Business Management, INSEAD)
Koya AZUMI (Rutgers University)
Fred Fiedler (University of Washington)
Norihiko SUZUKI (Washington State University )Talcott Parson (Harvard University )1979: Mark Fruin (University of California, Hayward)
Herbert A. Simon (Carnegie-Mellon University )-80-

ADDRESS• Academic Association for Organizational Sciencec/ o Room # 614, Department of Economics
The University of Tokyo,
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
Tel.: 812-2111 ext. 5614
(Susumu TAKAMIYA)-81-

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR PERSONNEL AND LABOR RESEARCHDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japan Society for Personnel and Labor Research was established on December
5, 1970• The society was inaugurated to meet the needs of the times for interdisciplina­
ry studies of personnel and labor problems which perhaps worsened in the higheconomic growth period of l 960's. Founding members consisted of scholars inthe six fields: business administration, labor economics, labor jurisprudence,industrial sociology, social psychology and labor science (die Arbeitswissen­
schaft). The following are the main subjects of the studies undertaken:
1970-73 : Problems of the alienation of laborers resulting from high eco­nomic growth, and their solution measures.
1974-77 : Problems of labor management caused by long-term depression
following oil crises, re-examination of Japanese personnel prac­
tices, and theoretical analysis of labor management problems
1978-80 : Personnel and labor problems under the low growth of economy
involving, among other things, Japanese personnel management
and mandatory retirement age system.
REPRESENTATIVE• Representative director : Tadashi MITO (Rikkyo University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of members : 427
ACTIVITIES• Meetings :National convention - annual
Regional meetings - three times a year both in Tokyo and Kansai
Regions
Meeting for studies of personnel management - three times ofyear• Special themes, papers and reporters of national conventions, 1976-1980:
1976 : Subjects and Methodology of Study of Personnel and Labor Problems"Subjects of Study of Personnel and Labor Problems", Goro MORI
(Nihon University)"Subjects of Study of Personnel and Labor Problems", Susumu KAIDO(Kobe University)"For Empirical Study of Labor Relations and Sociology", Tsuyoshi
INAGAMI (Hosei University)"A Study of Theory of Social Technology System", Isao AKAOKA(Kyoto University)"On Methodology of Study of Personnel Management : From View­
points of Labor Economics", Haruo SHIMADA (Keio University)"For Theoretical Study of Personnel and Labor Problems", Mikio-82-

SUMIYA (Shinshu University)"Problems and Methodology of Study of Personnel and Labor Issues",
Hiroshi USHIKUBO (Rikkyo University)"For Interdisciplinary Study of Complex and Various Personnel andLabor Problems", Mitsuteru SOEDA (Kumamoto University of Com­
merce)"A New Study Method for Modern Personnel Management", Tsuyoshi
CHUJO (Doshisha University)
1977 : New Development of Japanese Personnel Management"The Making and Development of Japanese Business Management",
Kazuhide OKADA (Aichi Gakuin University)"Comprehensive Analysis and Re-Examination of Japanese Personnel
Management", Rikitaro KAKEYA (Komazawa University)"A Positive Study of Wage Systems in Japanese Corporations", Hiroshi
MANNARI (Kansei Gakuin University)"Japanese Industrial Relations", Kuniyoshi URABE. (Kobe University)"Japanese Personnel Management : Its Significance and Studies",
Teruaki NISHIMIYA (Waseda University)"Wage System in Japanese Personnel Management and Management
Participation to Management", Kisoo TASUGI (Kyoto Gakuen
Univeristy)"Characteristics and Problems of Japanese Small-Group Activities",
Toshio UEDA (Kansei University)
1978 : Personnel Management under Low Growth Economy in Japan"Japanese Labor Management under Low Growth Economy", Mikio
SUMIYA (Shinshu University)"The On-Going Rationalization of Management and Personnel Manage­
ment", Bunji KAWASAKI (Osaka City University)"Regulation of Employment under Low Growth Economy", Ryokichi
HIRONO (Seikei University)"Employment Adjustment and Related Labor Laws", Nobuo KONISHI,(Rissho University)"Wage Problems under Low Growth Economy", Kazuyoshi KOU­SHIRO (Yokohama National University)"Wage Systems under Low Growth Economy", Makoto SAKURA­BAYASHI (Sophia University)"Self.Control in The Work Place under Japanese Labor Management
System", Shigeru MASADO (Hiroshima Institute of Technology)"Personnel Management for Changing Structure of Workers'Age and
Educational Background", Yuichi YAMADA (Meiji University)
1979 : Personnel Management Practices in Japan' "Outline of Personnel Management Practices in Japan", Kisoo TASUGI(Kyoto Gakuen University)"The Employment Security in West Germany and Lifetime Employ­ment", Shoyu KISHIDA (Hitotsubashi University)"Personnel Management - On the Basis of Formation of Lifetime
Employment System", An Chun SCHUKU (Kansha University, Korea)-83-

"The Understanding and Adoption of Lifetime Employment System in
Foreign Enterprises in Japan", Hideo INOHARA (Sophia University)"Future Prospect of Lifetime Employment System", Mitsuo NAGA­
TOMI (Fukuoka University of Technology)"Trend in Japanese Personnel Management Practices, and Problems of
Personnel Appraisal Pertaining to Related Labor Laws", Minoru
KAWAGUCHI (Keio University)"The System of Personnel Appraisal and Japanese Employment Prac­tices", Kazuo TOMOYASU (Nihon University)
1980 : Comprehensive Study of Raising of Mandatory Retirement Age"Summary of Issues of Raising of Mandatory Retirement Age'', Yoshiaki
SHIMABUKURO (Tokyo Metropolitan Junior College of Commerce)"Labor Managerial Problems of Raising of Retirement Age and Their
Solution Measures", Nobuo KUDO. (Fuji Telecasting Co.)
"Effects of Raising Mandatory Retirement Age on Aggregate Standard
Wages and Labor Productivity", Makoto SAKURABAYASHI (Sophia
University), Nobuo SUEKI (Japan Productivity Center)"Legal Problems of Raising of Mandatory Retirement Age", Saburo
MATSUOKA (Meiji University)"Job Aptitude of Middle and Old Age Workers", Kazuo TOMOYASU(Nihon University)"Labor Ability of Old Age Workers", Yukio ENDO (Japan ResearchInstitute of Labor Science)"For Interdisciplinary Studies of Problems of Raising of Mandatory
Retirement Age", Shinichi TAKEZAWA (Rikkyo University)
PUBLICATIONS• Series in Personnel and Labor Problems - annual• Contents of the last number (1981) : A Comprehensive Study on Raising of
Mandatory Retirement Age
Review of Main Problems of Raising of Mandatory Retire­
Introduction :ment Age
Chapter 1 :Personnel and Labor Problems of Raising of Mandatory Retire­
ment Age and Their Solution Measures
Chapter 2:
Raising of Mandatory Retirement Age and Changes in Manage­
ment System
Chapter 3 :Effects of Raised Mandatory Retirement Age on Aggegate Stand­ard Wages and Labor Productivity
Chapter 4:
Legal Problems of Raising of Mandatory Retirement Age
Chapter 5
Job Aptitude of Middle and Old Age Workers
Chapter 6:
Labor Ability of Old Age Workers-84-

Chapter 7:
Mandatory Retirement System and Labor Relations
Chapter 8 :Employment of Women and Problems of Raising of Mandatory
Retirement Age
Chapter 9 :Mandatory Retirement System and Social Security
Supplement
For Interdisciplinary Studies of Problems of Raising of Mandatory
Retirement Age
Bibl iographical Notes
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Invitation of foreign scholars :May 23, 1980, Ronald Dore, (Sussex University) for lecturing in commemora­tion of the tenth anniversary of the founding of the society.
ADDRESS• Japan Society for Personnel and Labor Research
c/o Professor Tadashi Mito
Department of Economics
Rikkyo University
3-34-1, Nishi-lkebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171, Japan(Gora MORI)-85-

JAPAN SOCIETY OF POLITICAL ECONOMYDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE.
• Japan Society of Political Economy was established on May 10, 1959.
Some scholars who were interested in Marx's economics decided to establish
the Japan Society of Political Economy in April 1959 following a preparatory
meeting in the summer of the preceding year. The Society came into being
formally at the inaugural meeting held on May 10, 1959 at Hosei University. A
brochure describing the purpose of the Society, prepared by 18 founder
members toward the end of 1958, read: "The objective of the Japan Society of
Political Economy, the first independent organization of its kind, is to promotestudies on the basic economic theory through the academic exchange amongscholars not only of Marx's economics but also in other related fields. For
instance, scholars of social policy, dealing with wages, or indeed profit theory
might have academic relations with the society."
There were about 300 participants at the inaugural meeting in May, 1959. By
July 1959 the membership was 422. The society has since then developed as an
association for Japanese scholars of Marx's economics; and in June, 1981, themembership of the society was more than 1,000.
• The national convention of the society was held each spring and fall, between
1960 and 1965. Since 1966 it has been an annual autumn event consisting of
paper presentation and discussion sessions on a special theme and three sub­themes, and on selective subjects. Each paper presentation session involves apanel of two to four members. The special theme has been different each year,
while the three sub-themes have remained unchanged except for minor alterna­
tions, which are: Marx's "Capitalism", "Imperialism" and "Socialist Econom­ics". The setting up of a special theme started at the second national con­ference in 1960 although the 19 59 inauguration meeting had the two different
subjects; the contemporary theory of capitalism, and the theory of value.
• The special themes at the past national conventions are as follows:
May, 1960 (2nd convention): Problems of the Theory of Wage :On the Law of Lowering Profit Rate. The results of the convention were
published in Vol. 1 of the'、Annual Bulletin of the Society of Political
Economy", "Wage and Profit Rate" in 1961.
Nov. 1960 (3rdf: Problems of the�Theory of Crises - on the Characteristics ofBusiness Cycles in Postwar Japan
May, 1'961 (4th): Marx's Economics and Modern Economics
Vol. 2 of the'、Annual Bulletin", "Postwar Business Cycles and Two Streamsof Economics", published in 1963, contains papers read and discussion
made at the third and fourth conferences.
Nov. 1961 (5th): Problems on Monopoly
June 1962 (6th): Theory of World Market
Oct. 1962 (7th): General Principles of Capital Accumulation
May, 1963 (8th): Industrial Cycles under the State Monopoly Capitalism
The results of the four conferences above were published in Vol. 3 of the、、Annual Bulletin", "Studies on Monopoly Capitalism" in 1963.
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Nov. 1963 (9th): Modern Capitalism and Problems of Prices
May, 1964 (10th): Price Rises
Nov. 1964 (11th): Theory of National Income
Vol 4 or the'、Annual Bulletin", "Modem Capitalism and Prices", publish­
ed in 1965, covers the results of the three conferences above.
May, 1965 (12th): Theory of Socialist Economics
Nov. 1965 (13th): The Structure of Modern Capitalism
Nov. 1966 (14th): Credit and Crises
The results of the three conferences above were published in Vol. 5 of the"Annual Bulletin", "Problems of Modem World Economy".
Oct. 1967 (15th): The Problem of the State in Political Economy
Oct. 1968 (16th): Problems of Socialist Economics
The contents of above two conferences are covered in Vol. 6 of the'、An­nual Bulletin'', "Economics and State - Problems of Socialist Economy"
published in 1969.
Nov. 1969 (17th): Crisis of International Currency
Vol. 7 of the'、Annual Bulletin", published in 1970, contains the results of
the 17th national conference. Since 1971, the society has published its
bulletin annually.
Oct. 1970 (18th): Economic Growth
Nov. 1971 (19th): The Structure of Re-production in Postwar Japanese
Capitalism
Nov. 1972 (20th) : Contemporary Imperialism with Special Emphasis on
Capital Export
Oct. 1973 (21st) : Contemporary Capitalism and Inflation
Oct. 1974 (22nd): Contemporary Capitalism and the Problem of Resources
Oct. 1975 (23rd) : Contemporary Capitalism and Crises
The special themes for national conventions in the following years are describ­
ed below.
Following are the chief representatives of the society in a historical order.
1959, the foundation year to 1972: Hyoe O,UCHI (Hosei University)
1973 to 1974 : Yoshio MIYAKE (Rikkyo University)
1975 to 1978 : Tadao ISHIHARA (Chuo University)
1979 to 1980 : Kiyoshi OSHIMA (Hosei University)
1981 to present : Kazuo NONOMURA (Chiba Universityof Commerce)
REPRESENTATIVE• Chief Representative : Kazuo NONOMURA (Chiba University of Commerce)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members : over 1,000
ACTIVITIES• Meetings :National meeting - twice a year during 1960-65, once a year after
1966

-87-

Regional meeting - once a year in each of the two regions, Kanto
and Kansai• Special themes, reports and reporters at the national conventions, 197 6—1980:
1976 : Japanese Contemporary Capitalism and'、Allgemeine Krise"、、Theory of General Crises and the Analysis of Capitalism in Postwar
Japan - Their Methodological Review", Yuichi OSHIMA, (Nagoya
University)、、The Current Stage of Japanese Capitalism", Kiyoko IMURA, (Keio
University)"Stagflation and Crisis of Japanese Capitalism", Takao KAMAKURA,(Saitama University)
1977 : The Class Structure in Contemporary Capitalism"The Class Structure in Contemporary Japan and Capitalists - from theViewpoint of Statistical Analysis", Yoichi ITO (Hosei University).
"Managers of Big Businesses in Contemporary Japan", Hiroshi OKU­
MURA, (Japan Securities Research Institute)"The Basic Structure of Labor Force Rearranged in Postwar Japan - A
Preliminary Study", Miyoko SHIMAZAKI (Kagawa Nutrition College).
1978 : Contemporary Capitalism and Working Class"The Socialization of Labor and the Working Class", Kenji TOMI­ZAWA (Hitotsubashi University)"The Development of Japan's Postwar Capitalism and the Formationof Working Class", Fusao SHIMOYAMA (Yokohama National Univer­sity)
1979 : Contemporary Capitalism and the State"Contemporary Capitalism and the State", Eiichi KATO (University ofTokyo)"Problems of Contemporary Capitalist States - From the Viewpoint of
Political Science", Fukuji TAGUCHI (Nagoya University)"The State in the Process of Economic Independence in Less Developed
Countries", Kenkichi HONDA (Osaka City University)
1980 : Method of Analysis of Contemporary Capitalism - Re-examination of
the Concept of State Monopoly Capitalism"Method of Analysis of Contemporary Capitalism - Based on the
Methodological Review of the Controversy over State Monopoly
Capitalism", Yoshinori TAMAGAKI (Senshu University)"The Structure of Contemporary Capitalism - On the Theory of State
Monopoly Capitalism", Koji BABA (University of Tokyo)"Method and Basic Concept of the Theory of State Monopoly Capital­
ism - Criticism of State Interventionism and Pluralism", Motomu
ASHIDA (Osaka University of Foreign Studies).
PUBLICATIONS• Journal of the Society :'、The Annual Bulletin of the Society of Political
Economy" - annual
Contents of the last number : the paper presentation and discussion sessions at
the latest national convention-88-RELAT,ONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Conference of Socialist Economists (U.K.)• Members dispatched to international conferences:
Makoto ITO, (University of Tokyo, representing the society), attended the CSE
conference held at Bradford University in U.K. in July, 1978.
ADDRESS• ·Japan Society of Political Economy
c/o Chiba University of Commerce
1-3-1, Konoda:i, Ichikawa, Chiba Prefecture 272, Japan(Shigeru TANESE)-89-

THE POPULATION ASSOCIATION OF JAPANDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Population Association of Japan was established in November 1948. Alongwith rapid socio-economic changes in post-war Japan, population also under­
went great changes. The Population Association of Japan was extablished tofacilitate exchanging information and reporting study results on population
made by individual scholars. This covers not only social sciences, but also
several other natural sciences, of which one of the most important is econom­
ics. The Population Association of Japan which started with 90 such members
has grown to a membership of almost 300. One local branch started in Kyushu
in August 1974 and several other branches are under preparation. There havebeen eight presidents since The Population Association of Japan was establish­ed, of whom six were doctors of economics and the other two were doctors of
medicine.
REPRESENTATIVE• President : Toshio KURODA (Nihon University)
MEMBERSHIP• Members :282, Honorary Members : 4, Special Member : 1

ACTIVITIES• Meetings :General meetings with research reports of the members have been
held annually since March 1949, the 33rd meeting being in 1981.
The first 19 meetings were held in Tokyo, but since the 20th
meeting (1968 ) the location has alternated between Tokyo andother places.
These annual meetings are held for two days since the 11th meet­ing due to the addition of reporters. Study reports and special
lectures are also added to the general meetings.
The 33rd Annual Meeting was held in June 1981 in Sendai on thespecific theme "Problems Concerning the Declining Fertility
Rate". Active discussion was held on the symposium "Low Fertili­
ty in Japan". Toshio KURODA gave the presidential address on"Population Policy". Three reports for the symposium were madeand 23 general reports were given.
• The specific themes and the main reports of the annual meetings 1976 - 1980;
1976 (the 28th)
Symposium: "Basic Problems on Population Policy"
Chairman: Takemune SODA (The Institute of Public Health)
Reporters:
Summary: Population Policy - Trends and Its Systematization,
Toshio KURODA (Nihon University)
The Social Point of View, Fujio TOMITA (Kanto-gakuin University)
The Economic Point of View, Hiroshi OHBUCHI (Chuo University)-90-The Medical Point of View, Akira KOIZUMI (University of Tokyo)
1977 (the 29th):
Symposium :'、Problems on Aging of Japanese Population"
Chai皿an:Tadao YOSHIDA (Meiji University)
Reporters:
The Economic Point of View, Hiroyuki KANEKIYO (Asia University)
The Social Point of View, Kazuo AOI (University of Tokyo)
The Viewpoint of Social Welfare, Fumio MIURA (The Social'Develop­
ment Research Institute)
The Medical Point of View, Mikio YAMAMOTO (Teikyo University)
1978 (the 30th) :Specific Theme: "Problems of Urban Population"
Main Report :"Population in Urban Environment", Shinzo KIUCHI(Seijo University)
Reporters:"Population Concentration and Its Transition in Urban Areas", Hidehiko
RAMA (Institute of Population Problems)"Regional Selectivity of Migrants in Big Cities", Atsushi OTOMO(Utsunomiya University)"Population Concentration in Urban Areas and Urban Amenity", Yoshi­
kuni ISHI (Hakodate University)
Symposium: "Policies against Population Aging in Japan"
Chairman : Tadao YOSHIDA (Meiji University)
Reporters :The Economic Point of View, Asao MIZUNO (Chuo University)
The Social Point of View, Takashige MURAI (Shukutoku University)
The . Health and Medical Point of View, Sumio YOSHIDA (Osaka
Medical College)
1979 (the 31st):
Specific Theme: "Life Table and Its Usages"
Main Report :"Study on Usage of Life Table: In the Field of Health andMedical Science", Takao SHIGEMATSU (Fukuoka University).
Reporters:"Generalization of KEYFITS Study on Life Table and Specific Causes of
Death", Zenji NANJO (Fukushima Medical College)"Life Table of Small Groups", Kazumasa KOBAYASHI (Kyoto Univer­
sity)"Effects of Environmental Conditions on Life Expectancy", Mikio
YAMAMOTO, Hiroaki TERAO and Kazuo YAMAOKA"Modernization of Mortality Order and Its Socio-cultural Factors: 18401969", Fumio YAMAMOTO (Nakamura Gakuen University)"Life Table of First Marriage and Projection of Marriage Numbers",
Hisao AOKI, Tatsuya ITOH and Chizuko YAMAMOTO (Institute ofPopulation Problems)"Application of Life Table for Analysis of Divorce Problems in Latin
American Big Cities", Alvin T. ONAKA (Department of Epidemiology-91-and Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation)"Study on Number of Living Based on the Graduate-list", Hiroshi
MARUYAMA (Former Osaka University).
"Life Table Based on the List of Medical Department Graduates of Keio
University", Riichi KAWAKAMI (Former The Institute of Public Health).
"Future Population Projection in Japan as of 1978 : Yasukawa Projec­tion", Masaaki Y ASUKAWA (Keio University)"Future Population Projection in Japan : Nihon University Population
Projection", Toshio KURODA and Tomomi OTSUKA (Nihon Universi­ty)1980 (the 32nd):
Symposium : "Population Problems in 1980s"
Chairman : Masaaki YASUKAWA (Keio University)
Reporters:
Inter-regional Movement of Population and the Social Security for theAged", Koichi EMI (Hitotsubashi University)"Health and Medical Care Aspects of Population Problems", Akira
KOIZUMI (University of Tokyo)"Population Growth : Diversities in Trends and Policies", Minoru
MURAMATSU (The Institute of Public Health)
Forum : "Different Methods of Population Analysis : Multivariate Analysis
and Other Methods"
Main Report: "Ecological Study of Population Phenomena : Multivariate
Analysis of Fertility and Mortality", Mikio YAMAMOTO(Teikyo University).
Reporters :"Studies on Index Normalization and Weighting", Minoru UEMATSU(Kitasato University)、、Issues on Multivariate Analysis of Fertility", Makoto NOHARA ATOH(Institute of Population Problems)"Sociological Study on Inter-regional Migration", Katsuhide TANI
(Tohoku Social Welfare University)、、Problems of Analysis from the Methodological Point of View", Chikio
HAYASHI (The Institute of Statistical Mathematics)
PUBLICATIONS• At an early stage The Population Association of Japan published "Nihon Jinko­
gakukai Kiyo" (Archives of the Population Association of Japan), consisting ofreports (with English translation) selected by a Committee. These were No. 1(1952) to No. 4 (1963), of which the English translation of No. 4 was publish­
ed separately.
Next "Nihon Jinkogakukai Kaiho" (Bulletin of the Population Association ofJapan) was published since 1967, containing abstracts of the reports andrecords of the symposia. This was followed annually through No. 10 in 1976.
"Jinkogaku Kenkyu" (The Journal of Population Studies) has been publishedsince 1977 with a more inclusive academic nature, containing not only study
reports of the annual meetings, but also other research papers. This provided-92-

the members with more opportunities for publishing their research results.
The fourth issue was published in May 1981.
• Contents of No. 4 (1981 May)
Articles :"Population Growth : Diversities in Trends and Policies", Minoru MURA­
MATSU (The Institute of Public Health)"Inter-regional Movement of Population and the Social Security for theAged", Koichi EMI (Hitotsubashi University)"Health and Medical Care Aspects of Population Problems in Japan", Akira
KOIZUMI (University of Tokyo)"Constructing an Intercensal Mortality - Net Migration Increment-Decre­
ment Table", Kazumasa KOBAYASHI (Kyoto University)"Mobility of Elderly Population in Japanese Metropolitan Areas", Atsushi
OTOMO (Utsunomiya University)"Multivariate Analysis of Marital Fertility in Japan", Makoto NOHARAATOR (Institute of Population Problems)
Research Note
"The Socio-Economic Determinants of Age at First Marriage and Its Impact
on Fertility in Sri Lanka", Naohiro OGAWA (Nihon University)
Academic Information :"The International Congress on Malthus (Paris)", Ryozaburo MINAMI(Former Komazawa University)
Meeting Reports : Symposium, Forum, and Free Theme Reports
Book Reviews (six)
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• International Association :International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
Rue Forgeur, 5-4000 Liege, Belgium• Invitation of Foreign Scholars
The Population Association of Japan has not invited any foreign scholars in thepast (1976-1980).
• Conferences in Foreign Countries
The Population Association of Japan has not sent any delegates for conferencesin foreign countries, though members attend privately.
ADDRESS• Office of the Population Association of Japan
c/o Institute of Population Problems
Ministry of Health and Welfare
2-2, 1-chome, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan(Kiichi YAMAGUCHI)-93-

THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF PUBLIC UTILITY ECONOMICS(KOEKI JIGYO GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE.
• The Japan Society of Public Utility Economics was established on Jan. 24,
1949.
The object of the Society is to foster studies and researches on public utilities
from a political, economic and technical standpoint, and improve the general
conception of public utilities, so as to induce their healthy development, andthus contribute to public welfare.
The Society consists of two kinds of members, regular members (individuals)
and corporation members Guridical persons who support the activities of theSociety). In the thirty-two years of the history of the Society, Japan has
developed enormously from a war-stricken economy to the second (GNP) mostprosperous country of the world, and her public utility industry has also
developed accordingly. The Society has made a substantial contribution tothis development as well as towards the improvement of government regula­tions.
REPRESENTATIVE• Deputy Chairman :Hisao SEKIJIMA (Seikei University)

MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members: Reg ular member 305,
ACTIVITIES• Meetings:

Corporation member 70.

Anual Meeting once a year, District Meeting, Eastern and Western,each several times a year.
Main Theme of the Annual Meetings, 1976-1980
1976: Fundamental Objectives of Public Utilities"Firm Build-up of Government Regulation System of Public Utility",
H. HOSONO (Asia University)"Urgent Problems of the Japan Telegraph and Telephone Corporation",
I. MURAI, (Japan Telegraph and Telephone Corp.)、、Public Corporations as Japan-style", A. YAMASHIRO (Toyo Universi­ty)
1977: New Directions of Public Utility Study"The Interplay of Research in Public Utilities and the Bureaucratic
System", Y . SAITO, (Kinki University)"Movement of Systematization of Electric Power Industry", T. NAKA­
MURA, (Kansai Electrical Power Co.)
"Rebuilding of the Japanese National Railways and the Principles ofControl", K. MASUI (Keio University)"How to Approach to Research in Public Utilities", H. SASAKI (Kobe
University)"New Directions of Research in Public Utilities and Public Enterprises",
T. ICHINOSE, (International Christian University)-94-

"Comparative Study of Regulation and Competition in Some Public
Utility Industries", E. YOSHINAGA (Senshu University)
1978 : Problem of Public Utility Status"Status of Public Utilities in Industrial Structure", E. NAWATA(Kansei Gakuin University)"Problems of Public Utility Status", K. KITA (Meiji University)"Problems of Public Utility Status", T. TAKENAKA, (Kobe Universi­ty)"Rebuilding of Japanese National Railways should be attacked fromUtterly Converted Vision", H. HOSONO (Asia University)
The Second Theme of 1978 : Labor Problems"Some of the Labor Problems in Public Utilities", K. NISHINO,(Shibaura Manufacturing Co.)
"Industrial Relations in Public Utilities", M. MAEDA and K. KANEKO,(Senshu University)
1979 : Finance and Rate Problems of Public Utilities"Inflation Accounting in England & America and Its Application to
Public Utilities", S. NAOE, (Institute of Tele-communications Re­
search)"Inflation Accounting and Public Utilities", S. MINEMURA (Keio
University)"Building Equity Capital in Government Public Utilities and Surplus
Money", H. YOSHIDA (Kobe Commercial University)"Some Problems of Private Railway Rates", K. FUKAKUSA (Japan
Association of Private Railways)"Problems of Disclosure in Public Utilities", Y. NISHIKAWA (Tokyo
Keizai University)"Pragmatic Research for Public Utility Rate Policy", T. ICHINOSE(International Christian University)
1980 : Public Utilities in 1980s.
"Demand Structure of City Gas and the Long-term Demand Survey",
K. IMAI (Osaka Gas Co.)
"Data Communications for the Decade of 1980", T. NAKAYAMA(Japan Telegraph & Telephone Corp.)"Scientific Research of Public Utilities for the Decade of 1980", H.
SASAKI (Kobe University)"Rate Problems of Coming Days in Public Utilities", T. SUGIYAMA(Hitotsubashi University)"Some Problems of Power Industry for Coming Years", T. SUZUKI(Tokyo Electrical Power Co.)
"Economic Nature (Wirtschaftlichkeit) of Public Administration andPublic Utility Industry", H. TAKAHASHI, (Tokyo Transport College)
PUBLICATIONS• Journal of Public Utility Economics
4-monthly, Vol. 1 No. 1 of March 1924 to Vol. 32 No. 3 of March 1981 Thru Number 76 曹
-95-• Contents of J. of P.U.E., Vol. 32 No. 3, March 1981.
Articles:、、Public Utilities Accounting and Inflation Accounting", S. MINEMURA(Keio University)"Conditions and Prospects for the Public Utlities in the 1980s. ", H. SASAKI(Kobe University)"International Comparison of Public Enterprise Policy", Y. TOYAMA(Otemon, University)"Regionalization of Water Utilities", A. SETOYAMA (Tokyo Water Works)
Translation:
Martin T, Farris and Roy. J. Sampson: Public Utilities : Regulation, Management and Ownership, 1973", Y. NISHI­
KAWA (Tokyo Keizai University) and Y. FUJII (Nippon
Choki Shinyo Bank)RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• The Transportation and Public Utilities Group of the American Economic As­
sociation
ADDRESS• Koeki Jigyo Gakkai(The Japan Society of Public Utility Economics)
1-6 Azabudai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106, Japan(Tomoji ICHINOSE)-96-

THE JAPAN SECTION OF
THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATIONDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Japan Section of the Regional Science Association was established on June
19, 1962.
The Regional Science Association (R.S.A.) is an international association for
the advancement of regional analysis and related spatial and areal studies. The
Japan Section of R.S.A. operates as an objective, scientific organization with­out political, social, financial, or nationalistic bias. Its main objectives are tofoster the exchange of ideas and to promote studies focusing on the region andutilizing tools, methods, and theoretical frameworks specifically designed forregional analysis as well as concepts, procedures, and analytical techniques ofthe various social and other science. The Japan Section of R.S.A. supports
these objectives by promoting acquaintance and discussion among its members
and with scholars in related fields, by stimulating research, by encouraging the
publication of scholarly studies, and by performing services to aid the advance­
ment of its members and the fields of regional science.
The Japan Section of R.S.A. shall not participate in activities involving carrying
on propaganda, or otherwise attempt to influence legislation, nor shall it partic­
ipate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distribution of statements)
any political campaign on behalf of any candidate for public office. (Cited
from The Constitution of the Japan Section of the Regional Science Associa­
tion).
REPRESENTATIVE• President : Yasuhiko OISHI (University of Tokyo)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members : 438
ACTIVITIES• The main activities of the Japan Section of R.S.A. are (1) to hold an annual
domestic conference, (2) to hold and to sponsor an international conferenceand (3) to publish and to distribute the papers and proceedings of the Japan
Section of R.S.A.
(1) The Annual Domestic Conference : The 1st Conference was held in Dec.,
1962 and recently, the 17th in Sept., 1980.
(2) The International Conference : The Far-East Conference of R.S.A. wasorganized by the Japan Section of R.S.A. in 1963. The 1st Conference was heldin Tokyo in Sept. 1963, the 2nd in 1965 and the 3rd in 1967. In 1969, theConference was expanded into the Pacific Regional Science Conference (PRSC)
under the joint auspices of the Western Regional Science Association in U.S.A.
and the Japan Section of R.S.A. and the 1st Conference of PRSC was held in
Hawaii in August, 1969. Since then, biennially, the 2nd in Tokyo in 1971, the
3rd in Hawaii in 1973, the 4th in Taiwan in 1975, the 5th in Vancouver,
Canada in 1977 and the 6th in Seoul, Korea in 1979.
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Participating countries are Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Japan, Korea,
Mexico, New Zealand, Philippine, U.S.A., Taiwan, and also England, France,
Finland, Netherland, Poland, Sweden and West-Germany in Europe. Now,1
PRSC has grown as one of the most important international conferences of
R.S.A ..
• Meetings : Annual Domestic Conference: once a year.
International Conference : the Pacific Regional Science Conference sponsoredby the Australia and New Zealand Section of R.S.A., the Canadian Regional
Science Association, the Japan Section of R.S.A. and the Western Regional
Science Association; once in two years.
• The Main Theme of the Conference, 1976-1980 :I. Domestic Conference
1976 (the 13th):(1) Methods of Environmental Assessment"Indirect Economic Effects of Public Investment", Hirotada KOHNO(Yokohama National University)"A Study on the Assessment of Flood Damages by System Dynamics
Method", Seiichi KAGAYA (Hokkaido University)"Environmental Assessment with Multiobjective Optimization in the Re­gion", Fumiko SEO (Kyoto University)(2) Land Use"Mixing of Land-Use : Changing of Land-Use by the Neighborhood Ef­
fect", Takashi ABE (Miyagi Women College)"Towards a Theory of Japanese Land Use and Land Price", Kiyotaka
JITSU (Toyama University)"An Econometric Analysis of Residential Location", Hiroyuki YAMADA(Kyoto University)
1977 (the 14th) :(1) Problems on the Regional Reallocation of Urban Functions"Comprehensive Planning of Taipei City", S.D. CHANG (Tamkang College,
Taiwan)"Regional Environmental Assessment and Industrial Reallocation in the
Greater Osaka Area - A Demonstration of Revised MUF Model"-, Fumiko
SEO (Kyoto University)、、The Possibility on the Reallocation of the Urban Central Business Func­tion - Approachs by the Information and Communication Theory -",Yasoi YASUDA (University of Tsukuba)(2) Problems on the Development in Okinawa:"Out-Migration Programs in Okinawa", Tsuneo OSHIRO (University of the
Ryukyus)"Viewpoint of Restraining Conditions on Island Development", Masato
KAKIHANA (Okinawa Regional Science Institute)、、The Problems for Urban Development in Okinawa", Morisada MAE­
SHIRO (Okinawa Regional Science Institute)、、The U.S. Military Bases and Okinawa Economy", Isamu NAKASONE(University of the Ryukyus)-98-1978 (the 15th):(1) Regional Development under the Slow National Economic Growth"A Study on Regional Planning in Developing Regions in Recent Japan",
Yoshinobu TAKAHASHI (Kagoshima College of Economics)"Financial Management of Local Government in Periods of Low Economic
Growth", Takashi YAJIMA (Mitsubishi Research Institute)"A Regional Development Planning System Model for the Kitakami. Area inJapan and Policy Simulation", Yasoi YASUDA (University of Tsukuba)(2) Theoretical Problems of Regional Analysis"Long-term Forecasts of Japanese Economy and Regional Allocation ofIndustry", Keisei KANEKO (Chuo University)"How to Specify the Model for Interregional Commodity Flows", Takeo
IHARA (Kagawa University)"Social Cost and Monetary Value of Environmental Pollution - On theBases of the Indirect Utility Function and the Expenditure Function -",Hirotada KOHNO (University of Tsukuba), Tetsuo OGAWA and Masatoshi
YOSHIDA (Institute of Behavioral Sciences)
1979 (the 16th):(1) Problems in Local Cities - On Education, Transportation, Communication,and Industries -:"A Study of Suburban Development and Urban Transportation Affairs in
Matsuyama", Nobuo Y ASUY AMA, Masuo KASHIWADANI and Mitsuo
MIZOHATA (Ehime University)"Bus Service Systems in Motorized Society", Hideo IGARASHI and
Keiichi SATOH (Hokkaido University)"Social Welfare for the Aging Generation and Regional Contribution",
Masahiko KUBA (Okinawa Development Finance Corporation)(2) Theoretical Problems of Regional Analysis"The Optimal Control of Environment (I) - Optimal Control Model of
Pollution -", Hirotada KOHNO (University of Tsukuba) and Msatoshi
YOSHIDA (Institute of Behavioral Sciences)、、 The Optimal Velocity of Regional Development Plans", Yasuhiko OISHI(The University of Tokyo)、、The Application of the Thermodynamic Model to Social System", Mitsu­
hiro KOJIMA and Junichi HOHKEN (The University of Electro-Communi­
cations)
1980 (the 17th):(1) Transportation and Regional Development"Study on a Method of Systems Analysis of Regional Planning Related to
Civil Engineering", Kazuhiro YOSHIKAWA and Kiyoshi KOBAYASHI(Kyoto University)"Building a Model for Predicting Regional Development Impact of Trans­
portation Investment - An Interim Report", Koichi MERA (University ofTsukuba)(2) Methods of the Integrated Evaluation of Regional Development Effects
and their Applications"Evaluation Method for Transportation Network Planning and its Applica-99-

tion", Kozo AMANO, Tsunekazu TODA and Hirofumi ABE (Kyoto
University)"A Basic Study on the Overall Evaluation for Alternatives of Transporta­tion Facility Plan in a Region", Ikujiro WAKAI (Kyoto University)"On the Total Evaluation of Water Resources Mangement Planning in River
Basin Development", Etsuo Y AMAMURA (Hokkaido University) andYuzuru MIYATA, (Mitsubishi Research Institute)
II. The Pacific Regional Science Conference(Only Themes as the space is limited.)
1975(the 4th):
Man and Environment
Pollution Problems
Regional Planning
Transportation Problems
1977(the 5th)
The Potential Impact of Anticipated Charges in the Law of the Sea
Regional Development Planning and Resource Complementarity on the
Pacific Rim
Problems and Prospects of the Island Economies
1979(the 6th) :Theoretical Advances in Regional Planning for Developing Countries
Methods for Regional Planning
Transportation Models for Urban and Regional Planning
Regional Planning in Practice
Housing and Population Analysis
PUBLICATIONS• (i) "Studies in Regional Science - the Papers and Proceedings of the Japan
Section of R.S.A. - "("Chiikigaku Kenkyu" in Japanese): once a year.
Contents of Vol. 10, 1980:
1. A Study of Suburban Development and Urban Transportation Affairs in
Matsuyarna, (Nobuo Y ASUYAMA, Masuo KASHIWADANI and Mitsuo
MIZOHATA).
2. Bus Service Systems in Motorized Society, (Keiichi SATOH and Hideo
IGARASHI).
3. Relocation of Advanced Educational Organization,(Yoichi UCHIDA).
4. Social Welfare for the Aging Generation and Regional Contribution,(Masa­
hiko KUBA).
5. The Optimal Control of Environment (I) - Optimal Control Model of
Pollution - ,(Hirotada KOHNO and Masatoshi YOSHIDA).
6. An Equitable Cost Allocation of Cooperative Sewerage System, (Yasoi
YASUDA and Ken WATANABE).
7. Empirical Study of the Eutrophication Effects on Fishery Industry—A
Case of Lake Kasumigaura -, (Yoshifusa KITABATAKE and Yoji AOKI).
8. Application of Fuzzy Structural Modeling and Screening Simulation Model
Analysis to Comprehensive Water Resources System,(Seiichi KAGAYA).
TowardBetter Regional Development Projects, (Shukichi KUNO).
9.
-100-

10. Significances of the High Land Price in Japan (II), (Susurnu KASE).
11. The Fundamental Studies on the Optimal Development and Allocation ofForests - On the Valuation of Public Benefit and Classification of Forests- (Katsuya FUKUOKA).
12. Symposium : Problems in Local City, Sakata
1) Urban Reconstruction and Renewal after the Great Fire in Sakata,(Masayuki IKEDA).
2) Problems in Local City, Sakata - On Education, Transportation, Com­
munication and Industries -, (Zenichi ITO).
3) Comments by Akira OBIKANE and Fujio OKAZAKI.
• (ii) Papers of the Pacific Regional Conference : once in two years.
Contents of the Proceedings of the 5th PRSC, Vancouver, Aug., 1977 :1. Law of the Sea(1) Canada and Extended Fisheries Jurisdiction in the Northeast Pacific : Some
Issues in Optional Resource Management, (GOrdon R. MUNRO).
(2) The Law of the Sea Conference and its Consequences for International Income Distribution, (Frank G. MULLER).
2. Modelling(1) A Unified Approach to Spatial Interaction Modelling, (Takeo IHARA).
(2' A Day Use Park Visitation Model : A British Columbia Example, (Glen
NUTTAL).
(3) Regional Models in the Benelux Countries, (Dick van der Werf and Alfred
van WICKEREN).
(4) A Model for Allocating Airtanker Groups to Airbases, (M.J. Hodgson and
R.C. Newstead).
3. Migration(1) Spatial Distribution and Socio-Economic Patterns of Ethnic Groups in
Plural Societies, (Jagjit Singh).
4. General Development(1) A Location and Allocation Theory with a Utility Maximization Criterion
An Extension of the Interregional Input-Output System, (Fujio OKAZAKI)(2) Long Term Finance for Regional Development : Recent Japanese Experi—ence, (Yoshinobu TAKAHASHI).
(3) The Location of Economic Activity : The Turkish Experience, (Ozcan
Ertuna and Cengiz Pinar).
(4) An Analysis of the Speed of Regional Development : The Case of Japan,(Noboru HIDANO and Hisayoshi MORISUGI).
(5) Fiji's International Trade : An Analysis of its Recent Performance, (M.C.
Madhavan).
5. Urban Growth and Development(1) Urban Policy in the Context of Development, (Lauchlin Currie).
(2) The Albury- Wodonga Growth Centre, (C.P. Harris).
6. Transportation(1) A Study of Highway Networks in Urban Areas, (Minoru TOMA TSU,
Seishin B. SUNAO, and Kazuhiro YOSHIKAWA).
7. Tourism(1) Tourism and Regional Planning : The Legend of Hawaii, (Willard T. Chow).
-101-

( 2) Tourism Planning and Research in British Columbia, (Juanita C. LIU).
(3) The Convention Component of Australian Tourism, (M.J. cooper).
(4) Use of Expert Panels as Information Sources for Tourism Planning, (Charles
E. gearing, William W. swart and Turgut var).
• (iii) 6 vols. of "the Papers and Proceedings of the Japan Section of R.S.A."
had been published in Japanese from 1962 to 1968 and 10 vols. of .
"Studies in Regional Science - the Papers and Proceedings of the Japan
Section of R.S.A. -" (retitled in 1969) from 1969 to 1980.
• (iv) 3 vols. of the Papers of the Far-East Conference of R.S.A. and 5 vols. of
the Papers of PRSC has been published. Papers of the 6th PRSC edited by
the editorial board of PRSC is dicided to be published by the headquartersof R.S.A..
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• The Regional Science Association, and the Sections of R.S.A. organized.world­
widely.
ADDRESS• The Japan Section of the Regional Science Association,
c/o Faculty of Economics Bldg.,
The University of Tokyo,
3-1, Hongo 7-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan(Katsuyuki KURASHIMO)-102-

THE SOCIETY FOR ECONOMIC STUDIES OF SECU 印 TIESDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Society for Economic Studies of Securities was established on Nov. 21
1966 with a purpose of pursuing economic studies of securities market andsecurity systems.
• History: the society had held a semi-annual national conferences each year
since its foundation in 1966 till 1969. From 1970, an ann叫 conference andtwo regional meetings, one in western Japan and the other in eastern Japan,
have taken place each year. In addition, the society from its beginning has held
regional meetings two to five times a year in each of the Tokyo and Osaka
districts. From 1971 and on, another regional meeting has taken place inKyushu district, southern part of Japan, once to three times a year. The resultsof national and regional meetings have been published in the ann叫 bulletin of
the society, "Annals of the Society for the Economic Studies of Securities"
since it was first published in 1968. The society issued the 16th number of theannual bulletin in 1981.
REPRESENTATIVE• Representative:

Masuzo KIMURA, (Hitotsubashi University)

MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members: 310
ACTIVITIES• Meetings: National convention-twice a year
Regional meeting-eight to ten times a year
• Special themes, reports and reporters at national conventions, 1975-1980:
1976: The Slow Growth Economy and Securities Market - on the public andcorporate bond market"The Government Bond Policy in Japan", Masataka NAKAJIMA,(Japan Securities Research Institute)"The Slow Growth Economy and the Public Bond Market in Japan",Takeshi GOTOH (Yamaichi Securities Research Institute)"The Large Issuance of Public Bond and Problems of Bond Market",
Kouichi OKADA, (Asia University)"Public Bond and Credit System", Ikuya FUKAMACHI, (Kyushu
University)
1977: Problems of Large Issuance of Public Bond
"Large Issuance of Public Bond and National Finance", Chozo AMARI(Aoyama Gakuin University).
"Large Issuance of Public Bond and Corporate Finance", Shinichi
GOTOH, (Mitsui Bank)"Large Issuance of Public Bond and Securities Market", Takeshi
GOTOH (Yamaichi Securities Research Institute).
"Large Issuance of Public Bond and Inflation", Hiroshi KAWAGUCHI,-103-

(Chuo University)
197 8: (1) The Development of Securities Market in Japan"A Study of Increased Capital in Historic Perspective - on theIssue at Par by Allotment to Shareholders in Meiji Era", Masaho
NODA (Hosei University).
"Loan on Stock Collateral around the World War I Period",
Toshimitsu IMUTA (Hosei University)"Securities Business of Banking Institutions-on the Issue of
Article 65, Securities Transaction Law", Takashi TATSUTA,(Kyoto University)"Japanese Security Capitalism Coming of Age", Keitaro FUKUDA,(Nagoya Gakuin University)(2) New Trend in Security Markets"Securities Market and Finance", Shozo TAKAHASHI (Rikkyo
University)"Securities Market and Accounting Information", Jiro ONO(Kobe University)"Securities Market and Financing-the Current Situation of the
Theory of Government Bond Management", Shoichi ROYAMA(Osaka University)
1979: Securities Policy under Slow Growth Economy"Securities Policy after 1965", Hajime TASAKA, (Tokyo College of
Econom1cs)
1980: Current Problems and Future of Securities Market"Problems of the Revision of Banking Law and Securities Market",Nobuhiro SAIJYO, (Council of Securities Organizations)"Government Bond Market at the Turning Point", Masataka NAKA­
JIMA, (Japan Securities Research Institute)"The Development of Capital Circulation System and Financial
Policy", Kaichi SHIMURA, (Senshu University)"Public and Corporate Bond Market and Financial Market", Sadao
ISHIDA, (Meiji University)
PUBLICATIONS• "Annals of the Society for the Economic Studies of Securities" -annual• Contents of the last number:"The Firm Structure of Major Steel Companies", Hirokimi OKAMOTO"Money-Capital and Real Capital", Akio MORIYAMA"A Note on the Development of Securities Regulations prior to the Establish­
ment of SEC", Ryozo KAMIKI"The Universalbank System in West Germany", Hironori YAMAGUCHI"Gensaki Market as the Money Market", Ten ISHINO"On the Study of Control in Modern Corporation", Goichi KATAYAMA"A Bibliography on Securities in Japan", Saichiro SUMINOE"Granting of New Shares without Consideration and the Adjustment of Stock
Prices to New Information", Midori KOMINE"Recent Development of Flow of Funds and Monetary Restraint", Sadao-104-

ISHIDA"The Background of Trust Department to have influence on Corporate Con­trol", Kimiharu KOGA
"A Re-examination of Capital Structure: An Empirical Analysis", Michio
KUNIMURA"On the Characteristics of Financial Constitution in Japanese Enterprise", Yasu
HAMAMOTO"A Treatise on the Ideas and some real Facts of the Co-operative Joint Stock
Companies", Seiichi MICHIMORI"On the Money and Securities of Keynes' Theory", Hisao NAKAMURA"Tobin's q and Investment Function", Yasuhiro Y O NEZAWA"On the U.S. Depository Institutions and Monetary Control Act of 1980",
Yukio IURA
"Searching for Further Efficient Trading System", Hiromitsu MATSUMOTOADDRESS• Society for the Economic Study of Securities
c/o Japan Securities Research InstituteTokyo Shoken Kaikan
1-14, Kayaba-cho, Nihon-bashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Japan(Masaho NODA)-105-

ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY IN SOCIALIST ECONOMIESDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Association for the study in Socialist Economies was established on November
14, 1963 in Osaka as a Group to Study Socialist Economies. The name waschanged to the Association for the Study in Socialist Economies in November
1966. Many of the founding members also belonged to the Japan Society of
Political Economy, and the Association held annual conventions concurrently
with the Society until 1970. In April, 1973, the Association was granted themembership of the Union of the National Economic Associations in Japan.
REPRESENTATIVE• Chief Representative:

Heihachiro OSAKI (Yokohama National University)

MEMBERSHIP• Number of members: 198
ACTIVITIES• Meeting: National conference-annual• Special themes, papers and reporters at national conventions, 1976-1980:
1976: Some Problems of Democracy in Economic Management under Socialism"Some Problems of Democracy in the Soviet Economic Management",
Ichiro ONO, (Ritsumeikan University)"Some Problems of Democracy in Hungarian Economic Management",
Nobuyuki KADOWAKI, (Shiga University)"Socialist Economic Management in Yugoslavia and Its Problems of
Democracy", Uichiro SAWADA (Kobe City University of Foreign
studies)"Labor Management in Chinese Socialist Enterprises", Kazuo
YAMANOUCHI (Hosei University)"Socialist Economic Management in North Korea", KO Sun Hyo
1977: Current Situations in Socialist Countries-the Soviet Union, China,
Vietnam"Management Participation of Laborers in Soviet Industries", Yuzo
TANAKA (Ryukoku University)"The Economic Structure and Problems in Contemporary China",
Kazuyoshi UEHARA (Komazawa University)"Construction of Socialist Vietnam", Takeshi KAMISHIMA (Osaka
University of Economics)
1978: Prices in Socialist Economy"Price in the Planning and Management of Socialist Economy", Sei
FUJITA (Osaka City University)"Shadow Price and the Value Theory of Labour", Kiichi MOCHIZUKI(Hokkaido University)"The Genealogy and Significance of Measurement of the Total Labor
Input in the Soviet Union", Hiroshi IWATA (Kochi University)-106-

"Price System in Hungary", Takumi HORIBAYASHI (Osaka City
University)"The Contract Price of CMEA and World Market Price and ", Shuzo
NAJIMA (Yokohama College of Commerce)"Problems of Price Increase in Socialist Countries", Tsuneaki SATO
(Yokohama City University)
1979: Problems of Socialist Industry and Agriculture on the present Stage"The Four-Point Modernization Policy in China", Kazuyoshi UEHARA(Komazawa University)"Chinese Agriculture Today", Koichi ZAMA (Yamaguchi University)"The Nationalization of Agriculture in the Soviet Union", Hiromasa
NAKAYAMA (Meiji Gakuin University)"Soviet Industry in Historical Perspective", Takeo NIHEI (University ofTokyo)
1980: Socialist Ownership and Planning of Today"Socialization of Production and State Ownership", Fumio ASHIDA(Ritsumeikan University)"New Modification of the Soviet Planning system and Economic
Mechanism", Noboru MIYANABE (Hitotsubashi University)"New Stage of Economic Reform in Hungary", Nobuyuki KADOWAKI(Shiga University)"On the Ideological Location of Yugoslav Socialism in the Contempo­
rary World", Masayuki IWATA (Hokkaido University)
PUBLICATIONS• "The Bulletin of Association for the Study in Socialist Economies" -annual
Contents of the last number: summary of papers presented at the latest national
convention
ADDRESS• Secretariat Association for the Study in Socialist Economies
c/o Assistant Professor Yoshiaki NISHIMURA
Hitotsubashi Unirersity
2-1 Naka, Kunitachi-shi, 186 Japan(Susumu OKADA)-107-

SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF SOCIAL POLICY(SHAKAI SEISAKU GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Society for the Study of Social Policy, established in July 1950, had as its pre­decessor of the same name, the Society for the Study of Social Policy, formedin 1896. This first academic society for social science in Japan involved many
influential scholars of very wide range. In line with its reformist character, anessential part of its discussions concerned ways of avoiding abuses attributable
to the industrialisation of Japan. Although it contributed significantly to thepromotion of the social sciences in Japan, the Society's activity declined andfinally ceased in the l 920's, probably due to the Government's repression oflabour, peasant and democratic movements.
After World War II, attention focussed on new social phenomenon such as therevival and rapid expansion of trade unionism and problems of national wel­fare. In such circustances, our Society was organised in order to promote thestudy of social policy, facilitate cooperation among research workers andadvance the relations with other academic societies. Our Society is a neworganisation even though we have continued the name of the old one, takenover its property, and even made the governors of the old society our honorary
members and councellors.
Management of our Society is in the hands of 24 managers elected by the voteof the members every two years. One of managers serves as the society's re­presentative. The University or institution to which the representative manager
belongs holds the head office of our Society. We also have five district organisa­
ions for Kanto, Kansai, Hokkaido, Chugoku-Shikoku and Kyushu, each ofwhich has its own programme. Beside these, we have four groups composed ofthe members who share common research subjects. These are trade unionism,
living conditions, social security and workers' welfare.
REPRESENTATIVE• Representative manager: Shinichiro KANAI (Meiji-gakuin University).
MEMBERSHIP• The Society's members numbered 733 on May 8, 1981. Membership is open to
applicants recommended by two of our members and approved by the board ofmanagers. The membership fee it 6,000 yen a year including the price of theannual report.
ACTIVITIES• National two-day conferences are held twice yearly. The spring conference isheld under the auspices of the board of managers: the autumn conferences is
promoted by one of the district organisations. The main theme of the confer­ence is selected by the promoting body half a year before. We had the 62nd
conference in May 1981. District organisations and groups also hold their own
meetings, once a year or more.
• The main themes and reporters at the national conferences, 1976-1980:-108-

1976 Spring (52nd): "Employment and Unemployment in Japanese Econo­my"
Reporters:
Y. SHINOHARA (Institute for the Science of Maritime Labour),T. MACHIDA (Nagano College of Economy), H. KAWANO(Kansai University), A. MIZUNO (Chuo University), S. SATO
(Nippon Women's University), T. MIZUNO (Kobe University), S.
NISHIKAWA (Keio University).
Chairman:S. UJIHARA (University of Tokyo).
1976 Autumn (53nd): "National Responsibilities of Trade Union Movement"
Reporters:
T. NARUSE (Kyoto Prefectural University), S. BANDO (Institutefor Research of Labour), I. TAKAGI (Yamagata University), S.
HAYAKAWA (Hosei University), K. KOSHIRO (Yokohama
National University), H. MATSUO (Nippon Women's University),
S. SHIOTA (Ritsumeikan University), S. UJIHARA (University ofTokyo).
Chairman:Y. MAEKAWA (Kyoto University), H. NISHIMURA (Doshisha
University).
1977 Spring (54th) "Industrial Relations in Post-War Systems"
Reporters:
K. KOBAYASHI (Hosei University), H. SHIMADA (Keio Univer­sity), T. KUROKAWA (Keio University),M. SAKAGUCHI (Senshu
University), H. TOTSUKA (University of Tokyo).
Chairman:
M. SUMIYA (University of Tokyo).
1977 Autumn (55th): "Welfars State and Social Policy"
Reporters:
S. ARAMATA (Hokkaido University), K. KURITA (Meiji Univer­sity), M. ADACHI (Kobe University), H. KAWAGUCHI (Chuo
University), Y. NISHIOKA (Senshu University), 0. MIWA (Meiji­
gakuin University), J. OGURA (Doshisha University).
Chairmen:
H. NISHIMURA (Doshisha University), E. MATSUI (Kochi
University).
1978 Spring (56th): "Social Policies in 'Structural Crisis" of Japanese Eco­
nomy"
Reporters:
M. MIYOSHI (Ritsumeikan University), N. KAMEYAMA (Nation­
al Institute of Employment and Vocational Research), T. TAKA­
GI (Hosei University), N. OGAWA (Monoyamagakuin University),
H. MATSUO (Nippon Women's University).
Chairmen:
T. KUROKAWA (Keio University).
1978 Autumn (57th): "Social Policies in'Aged' Society"-109-Reporters:
K. OGAWA (Osaka Municipal University), T. OTANI (Osaka
College for Social Service), H. YOSHIDA (Hosei University).
Chairmen:
H. NISHIMURA (Doshisha University).
1979 Spring (58th): "Social Policies for Casual Workers"
1979 Spring (58th): "Social Policies for Casual Workers"
Reporters:
K. GOGA (Kanazawa University), H. HIROTA (Nippon Women's
University), T. SEIYAMA (Oita University), K. OKAWA (Yama­gata University), T. NAGAYAMA (Nippon University), A. TAKA­
NASHI (Shinshu University).
Chairman:
S. YOSHIMURA (Kagoshima University).
1979 Autumn (59th): "Labour Problems with'Localism"'
Reporters:
I. MIZUNO (Hokkaido Institute for General Economic Affairs), H.
MISAKI (Shiga University), R. HORIUCHI (Shimonoseki Munici­
pal University), H. KAWATO (Osaka Municipal University), K.
NAKAHARA (Saga University), T. NAGAYAMA (Waseda Univer­sity).
Chairmen:
H. NISHIMURA (Doshisha University), K. HOSHIJIMA (Ehime
University).
1980 Spring (60th): "Contemporary Industrial Relations in Japan"
Reporters:
K. FUJISAWA (Iwate University), K. YAMAMOTO (University ofTokyo), M. MINE (Hosei University), K. ENDO (University ofTokyo).
Chairman:T. YOSHIMURA (Osaka Municipal University).
1980 Autumn (61st): "Welfare Policy of Today and Labour Problems"
Reporters:
I. KIRINOKI (Chuo-gakuin University), M. FUKAYA (Seijo
University), N. KASAHARA (Meiji University), T. MITSUZUKA(Doshisha University), H. NISHIMURA (Doshisha University), M.
YOSHIZUKA (Doshisha University), T. ANDO (Waseda Univer­sity), S. TAKASHIMA (Nippon Welfar University), Y. AIZAWA(Fukushima University).
Chairman:
K. OGAWA (Osaka Municipal University).
PUBLICATIONS• The Society's "Annual Reports" contain the main papers delivered at thenational conference in the preceding year, records of its activities, bo·ok reviews
and a list of our members'works. It is published every year through the Ocha­, nomizu Shobo Publishing Co., and available for general public at big book-110-

shops. Every volume is entitled after the main theme of conference, and thelatest one (Vol. 25, published in May 1981, 265p.) is entitled as "Nippon
Roshi-Kankei no Gen-dankai" ("Contemporary Industrial Relations in Japa­
nese") which contains the following papers and informations (in Japanese):"An Essay on the concept of Industrial Relations:T. YOSHIMURA (Osaka Municipal University).
"Workshop Disciplines in a Giant Steel-making Factory"
K. FUJISAWA (Iwate University).
"Wage Bargaining in the Motor-car Industry"K. YAMAMOTO (Tokyo University).
"Organisation and Activity of Minority Left-wing Unions"
M. MINE (Hosei University).
"The Activity of a National Railway Union's Branch in the l 950's
K. ENDO (Tokyo University).
"Struggle against Closure at a Small-size Company"
M. INOUE (Tokyo University)"Role of Employment Policy in the Heavy Unemployment Districts"
H. MITSUI (Keio University).
Book Reviews
Records of Activity
List of the Members' Works
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Although our Society has no standing relations with any overseas society, manyof our members are in contact with several societies such as the International
Institute for Industrial Relations, Deutsche Verein Fiir Sozialpolitik, theSociety for the Study of Labour History and die Internationale Tagung derHistoriker der Arbeiterbewegung, and attend their conferences on occasion.
We have a firm policy of promoting international activity and a special commit­
tee for that purpose: the International Activity Committee. We hope that any
academic organisation interested in labour economics, industrial relations andsocial welfare will establish contact with us. Would correspondents please write
to the Representative Manager.
ADDRESS● c/o Professor Shinichiro KANAI
Meiji-gakuin University
1-2-37, Shirogane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 110, Japan(Ken KURITA )-111-

SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY SOCIETY(SHAKAI KEIZAISHI GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE.
• Socio-Economic History Society was established on December 27, 1930. As
economic studies progressed in Japan in the 1920's, a variety of economic
historical studies began to be conducted by an increasing number of experts. In
1929, a group of scholars (mainly from Kyoto University) began to study
economic history. It should be noted that in the 1920's in Britain, the Econo­mic History Society was inaugurated and "Economic History Review" started
publicahion, while in France "Annales d'Histoire Economique et Sociale" cameinto being. Reflecting such situations inside and outside the country, there wasa growing need among Japanese scholars of economic history to establish anationwide organization. Thanks to the efforts of the founding fathers, aninaugural meeting of the Sociey was held on December 27, 1930 with most of
the 50 interested scholars participating. The pioneers were: Yoshio HON-IDEN,
Takao TSUCHIYA, University of Tokyo, Zenichi ITANI, Tokyo University ofCommerce (currently Hitotsubashi University), Takeo ONO, Hosei University
and Masajiro TAKIGAW A, Chuo University. One of the two purposes of theSociety was to break down academic sectarianism in order to promote studies
in economic history through the academic exchange among scholars across thenation. Another purpose was to organize not only economic historiallf, but also
scholars of related fields such as political hist9ry, social'history, leg�slation
history, history·of ideas and history of economic thought. These purposes
were unique because in those days there were few academic societies except theones led by scholars of national universities such as the University of Tokyo.
An academic society meant an academic clique at that time. In this light, it wasof great s1gnificance that the Society was inaugurated as a pioneer organizationto accommodate scholars of both private and state-run universities. By March
1931, the Society had more than 300 members, with a variety of specialities,
belonging to universities nationwide.
• This Society therefore is unusual in that it started as an interdisciplinary associ­ation as early as half a century ago. The open and liberal feature of the Society
is reflected in its methods of management. Unlike other academic societies,
there is no chairman nor president to head the Society. Instead, a board of
directors jointly engage in the operation of daily activities of the Society. The
head of the directors' board was later called representative director. Past repre­
sentative directors include Yoshiro HIRANUMA, Waseda University, Takeo
ONO, Hosei University, Kentaro NOMURA, Keio University, Yoshitaka
KOMATSU, Waseda University, Shiro MASUDA, Hitotsubashi University,
Takao SHIMAZAKI, Keio University and the current representative director is
Yoshio ANDO, Seijo University.
• The Bulletin of the Society "Shakai Keizaishi Gaku" (Socio-Economic Histo ­ry), has been published continuously since 1931 except for a three year gap
during the war. The first volume was published on May 10, 1931. From
March 1932 until immediately before the end of the war, the Society continu­
ed to issue the Bulletin monthly. With the resumption of academic activities-112-

following the end of the war, the Society started again the publication of"Shakai Keizai Shigaku", first as a quarterly bulletin, then as a bi-monthly one.
During the 50-year history of the society, a total of 4 7 volumes of the Bulletin
were published, which is a clear indication of the importance attached to its
publication.
REPRESENTATIVE• Representative Director:

Yoshio ANDO (Seijo University)

MEMBERSHIP• Number of members: 978
ACTIVITIES• Meetings:

National conference —once a year
Regional meetings —several times a year in each of four regions• Special themes, reports and reporters at national conferences, J 976-1980:
1976: A New Approach to the Socio-Economic History of Tokugawa Japan.
"The Making and Characteristics of Economic Society", Akira HAYAMI(Keio University)"International Relations in the Edo Era",
Ronald Toby(Columbia University), Kazui TASHIRO(Chuo University)
Kazui TASHIRO, (Chuo University)、、Analysis of Regional Economy"
Shuichi YASUZAWA (Momoyama Gakuin University), Shunsaku
NISHIKAWA, Hiroya AKIMOTO (Keio University)"Urbanization and Urban Population", Yoichiro SASAKI, (Chiba
University), Thomas C. Smith (University of California)"Prices and the Formation of Market", Matao MIYAMOTO,(Osaka University), Masaru IWAHASHI (Matsuyama Universityof Commerce)
Summary, Kenichiro SHODA (Waseda University )1977: Energy and Economic Development"Keynote speech", Sakae TSUNOYAMA (Wakayama University )"Energy Development in Japan", Senzo HIDEMURA, (Kyushu Univer­sity)"Overseas Shipping Industry and Economic Development", Yasukichi
YASUBA (Kyoto University)"The Use of Steam and Hydro-Power in the Meiji Era", Kenji IMAZU(Kobe University)"Zaibatsu and Coal Mining Industry", Masaaki KOBAYASHI (Kanto
Gakuin University)"Problems of Coal Miners under Protection and the Rationalization of
Coal Mining Mechanism", Naoki TANAKA (Nihon University ) andHoshihiro OGINO (University of Tokyo)"The East Asian Coal Market and Mitsui & Co., in the Making of Japa­
nese Capitalism", Naoto YAMASHITA (Tokyo University of Education )"Electric Energy and Factory Electrification", Yoichiro INOUE (Shiga-113-

University)
1978: On Methodelogy of Studies of Socio-Economic History"Keynote speech", Zenichi YAMASE (Kobe University)"Anthropological Approaches to Historical Studies", Shinichiro
KURIMOTO, (Nara Prefectural College)"The Annales School and Serial History", Yukiharu TAKEOKA, (Osaka
University)"The Annales School and History of Material Life", Miyuki NAKAE(Kobe Women's College), Keiko MISAKI (Kobe University)"Rural Communities and Miyaza", Seiichi ANDO (Wakayama Univer­sity)
1979: Economic Growth in Asian Countries and International Situations of
Early 20th Century"The Capital Formation and Managing Agency System in Asia", Kenji
KOIKE (Institute of Developing Economies)"The Formation of Financial Clique in India", Shoji ITO (Institute ofDeveloping Economies)"The Cotton Spinning Management and Market Conditions of Industry
in the Late Ching Dynasty", Hideki NAKAI (Hokkaido University)"The Establishment of Japanese Spinning Farms in China", Naosuke
TAKAMURA (University of Tokyo)
1980: Economic Historical Analysis of the 1930s with Reference to Japan"Keynote speech", Akira HARA (University of Tokyo)"External Economic Relations", Masanao ITO (Ritsumeikan Univer­sity)"Development of Heavy Industries and Capital Organization", Juro
HASHIMOTO (University of Electronic-Communication)"The Social Classes", Tsuneyoshi TAKEUCHI(Hiroshima University)、、The Econimic Policy", Ryoichi MIWA (Aoyama Gakuin University)
PUBLICATIONS"Shakai Keizaishi Gaku" (Socio-Economic History)-by-monthly
A co·mplete catalogue of the articles was published in 1975 for Vol. 1-36
Contents of the last number (Vol. 47, No. 1, May 1981):"Signification et limites d'un modele: la proto-industrialisation", Pierre DEYON"The Financing for Electric Power Companies from the Mitsui Bank before theSecond World War-The Relation between Zaibatsu and Electric Power
Capital", Takeo KIKKA WA"Chinese Tariff Policy and the Capitalist Classes in the 1930s", Tooru KUBO"Die thliringische Landesordnung von 1446- Landstandische Verfassung und
Polizeigesetzgebung", Norio CHIBARELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES● International organizations:
Comite international des sciences historiques
Association internationale d'histoire economique-114-

JAPAN SOCIETY OF TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICSDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Japan Society of Transportation Economics has been created as a volunta­ry academic organization by researchers and scholars in the rebuilding period oftransportation and economy just after the end of the World War II in 1946.
Historically, the academic society was established as the reorganized form bymainly members of professors and researchers of its forerunner called the East­
Asian Society of Transp6rtation Economics (Foundation) which was originallyestablished, in 1941, by officials of the Ministry of National Railroad, Ministryof Transportation and Communications, and scholars for the aims of encourag­ing researches of transportation.
The Society has developed increasing number of membership during the last
thirty five years of transportation progress.
• Now, the fields of studies of the scholarly members consist of history, econo­
mies, business management, policy in transportation, covering every sector of
highway, railroad, shipping, air, and city transportation.
It should be appreciated that the leadership of the first president Koichi
SHIMADA (Waseda University), who played an important role in his post for
27 years, and the second president Heihachiro ASO (Meiji University), who
retained the presidency until the present president Genpachiro KONNO (Tokai
University) succeeded him in 1979, contributed much to the development of
the Society.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Genpachiro KONNO (Tokai University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members: 345 regular members including one honorary member(individuals) and 35 special members (corporations)
ACTIVITIES• The Society holds seminars, symposiums and lecture meetings and publishes
annual reports which contain papers of the Society members on transport
problems.
• Meetings:
Regional conferences - once a month both in the Tokyo andOsaka districts for discussions following the research presentations by two
members of the society.
Annual national conference - held in the fall in Tokyo for two consecutive
years, and in Osaka triennially, by a member university or research institution.
Presentations of papers on the special and selective themes are made by morethan ten members at the two-day national conference. Symposiums on eachtheme are conducted lasting a few hours.
• Selected Reports and Reporters of Special Themes of National Conferences
1976-1980:
1976: Labor Relations in Transport-116-

JAPAN SOCIETY OF TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICSDATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• The Japan Society of Transportation Economics has been created as a volunta­ry academic organization by researchers and scholars in the rebuilding period oftransportation and economy just after the end of the World War II in 1946.
Historically, the academic society was established as the reorganized form bymainly members of professors and researchers of its forerunner called the East­
Asian Society of Transp6rtation Economics (Foundation) which was originallyestablished, in 1941, by officials of the Ministry of National Railroad, Ministryof Transportation and Communications, and scholars for the aims of encourag­ing researches of transportation.
The Society has developed increasing number of membership during the last
thirty five years of transportation progress.
• Now, the fields of studies of the scholarly members consist of history, econo­
mies, business management, policy in transportation, covering every sector of
highway, railroad, shipping, air, and city transportation.
It should be appreciated that the leadership of the first president Koichi
SHIMADA (Waseda University), who played an important role in his post for
27 years, and the second president Heihachiro ASO (Meiji University), who
retained the presidency until the present president Genpachiro KONNO (Tokai
University) succeeded him in 1979, contributed much to the development of
the Society.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Genpachiro KONNO (Tokai University)
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members: 345 regular members including one honorary member(individuals) and 35 special members (corporations)
ACTIVITIES• The Society holds seminars, symposiums and lecture meetings and publishes
annual reports which contain papers of the Society members on transport
problems.
• Meetings:
Regional conferences - once a month both in the Tokyo andOsaka districts for discussions following the research presentations by two
members of the society.
Annual national conference - held in the fall in Tokyo for two consecutive
years, and in Osaka triennially, by a member university or research institution.
Presentations of papers on the special and selective themes are made by morethan ten members at the two-day national conference. Symposiums on eachtheme are conducted lasting a few hours.
• Selected Reports and Reporters of Special Themes of National Conferences
1976-1980:
1976: Labor Relations in Transport-116-

"Employers and Employees facing the Transportation Problems",
Fujitaro OSHIMA (Toyo University).
"Labor Conditions and Labor Relations in Transportation", Shigeto
KAWAGOE (National Diet Library).
"Labor Relations in the Japanese National Railways", Hideo TAKA­HASHI.
"Rationalization and Labor Relations in the Shipping Industry",
Hiromasa YAMAMOTO (Kobe University).
1978: Economics of Public Subsidy in Transportation"Problems of Public Subsidies in Transportation", Yataro FUJII (Keio
University).
"The Role of Public Subsidy in Transportation", Ryohei KAKUMOTO(Waseda University).
"Financial Problems of Public Subsidies in Transportation", Hirobumi
NAKAGIRI (Hosei University).
"Policy of Securing Transport and Public Subsidies - A Case ofStage-bus Transportation", Takahiko SAITO (Kinki University).
"Public Subsidy in the Shipping "industry and its Current Significance",
Etsuko SHIBATA (Osaka City University).
1979: Strategy in Urban Transportation"Problems of Urban Transport Policy", Kazuo AKIYAMA (Kobe
University).
"For Establishment of the Most Optimum Transport System in Tokyo
Area", Hirotada KONO (Tsukuba University).
"Structure of Urban Transport", Atsumu HIMENO (Tokyo College of
Economics).
"The Urban Transport Policy in the Age of Motorization", Yoichi
OBUCHI (Josai University).
"Strategy in Urban Transportation", Ryohei KAKUMOTO (Waseda
University).
1980: Energy and Transportation
for selected reports and reporters, see below.
PUBLICATIONS• "Kotsugaku Kenkyu" (Annual Report on Transportation Economics)
Main contents of the recent issue (The JSTE 1980 Annual Report):
Foreword by Genpachiro KONNO
1. Special Theme: Energy and Transportation"Energy Problems and Transportation", Mitsugu NAKAMURA (University ofTokyo).
"Railway and Energy", Kinji SATO (Japanese National Railways).
"Energy Conservation Policy and Strategies for Road Transport", Fumio
TAKEDA (Expressway Researoh Foundation of Japan).
"Oil Energy and Cargo Transport Industries", Hiroshi NOMURA (Nippon Ex­press Research Institute).
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"Japanese Coastal Shipping in an Age of Energy Shortages",Takeshi OGAWA(Daiichi Chuo Kisen Co.)"Air Transport and the Energy Crisis", Takeshi TSUZAKI (Japan Air LinesCo.).
General Theme"Policies for the Problems of the Transportation Disadvantaged", Takuya
ETOH (Fukuoka University).
"The Development of Organized Car Sharing Systems in Japanese Rural Areas",
Ushio CHUJO (Keio University).
"The Promotion of Bus Use in Large Local Cities", Yoshiaki SADAI (Toku­shima University).
"Labor Conditions of Seamen Engaged in the Coastal Shipping Industries inJapan",Yasunori DOI (Hiroshima Senior High School of Merchant Marine).
Reports,Information and Book Review
The Development of Transportation Policy in the Federal Republic of Germa­
ny and Research Activities of Academic Circle of Transportation Economics inGermany,Masahiro SUGIYAMA (Waseda University).
"Interview with Yuji TOMINAGA", Ryohei KAKUMOTO (Waseda University).
JSTE Proceedings and NewsRELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Deutsche Verkehrswissenschaftliche Gesellschaft e.V. Our two organizations
formed an academic affiliation in 1970, and since then we have exchanged in­formation and visited each other's organization. Two JSTE members holdmembership of the German counterpart.
Osterreichische Verkehrswissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. A group of mission of
the above institute visited Japan in October, 1974, and since then, JSTE has
received complimentary gift of the institute's annual reports.
• Invitation of Foreign Scholars,1976-1980:
H. St. Seidenfus,Director, Institute of Transport Economics,Munster University
lectured the Japan-West Germany Transport Policy symposium, jointly spon­sored by Japan Society of Transport Policy, Japan Transportation Economic
Research Center, Expressway Research Foundation of Japan, Institute ofTransportation Economics, Japan Aeronautic Association, The Japanese Ship­owners' Association and JSTE on Semptember 5, .1977 under the theme,"Transport Problems in the Federal Republic of Gennany".
Nov. 12, 1977: J. Michael Thomson, former head of the OECD European
Intercity Transport Study Section, gave a lecture, at the request of JSTE,
Japanese Ministry of Transportation, Hosei University, Japan Transportation
Economic Research Center, Institute of Transportation Economics, and Ex­pressway Research Foundation of Japan, under the theme, "Transport Pro­
blems in Large Cities".
Apr. 7, 1979: T. C. Barker, of London School of Economics,gave a lecture,atthe in而tation of the Business History Society,Japan Society of Transport Poli­cy, Japan Transportation Economic Research Center, Institute of Transporta--118-

tion Economics, Expressway Research Foundation of Japan and JSTE, under
the theme, "The Growth of Road Transport and the Development of Road/
RailCompetition in Britain".
Feb. 9, 1980: K. M. Gwilliam, Director, Institute of Transport Studies, Univer­sity of Leeds, lectured a meeting sponsored by JSTE, Japan Society of Trans­
port Policy, Institute of Transportation Economics, Japan Transportation Eco­nomic Research Center, and Expressway Research Foundation of Japan, under
the theme, "The Prospect and Problems of the British Transport Policies".
May 14, 1980: Gerhard Rehbein and Elfriede Rehbein, Hochschule fur Ver­kehrswesen "Friedrich List", Dresden, lectured a JSTE meeting supported by
the Ministry of Transport, under the themes, "Subject and Tasks of Economy
of Transportation and Communications" (Gerhard Rehbein), and "Interrela­tion between Inland Traffic and Growth of National Economy in GDR(Elfriede
Rehbein)".
• Members dispatched to overseas conference: Kazuo AKIYAMA (Kobe Universi­ty) attended, as a delegate of the Science Council of Japan, an international
conference held in Hamburg in connection with the annual convention of theDeutschen Verkehrswissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft held from June 13 to 15,
1979.
ADDRESS• The Japan Society of Transportation Economics,(Nihon Kotsu Gakkai)
c/o Unyu-Chosa-Kyoku,
2-5-6, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan(Eidan NAKAMURA)-119-

JAPAN STATISTICAL SOCIETY(NIHON TOHKEI GAKKAI)DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, PROGRESS AND THE PURPOSE• Japan Statistical Society was founded in Tokyo as an academic research associ­ation concerned with statistics on the 27th of April in 1931. In 1930, theninteenth convention of the International Statistical Institute was held inTokyo, and this stimulated the movement of statistical research scholars inJapan for the foundation of Japan Statistical Society.
The prospectus of the foundation says: It is widely accepted that organizationof statistical research scholars as an academic association is needed in our coun­try. The in many years decades since the study of statistics and its application
were .started in Japan, during which time the number of the group of govern­
ment statistician has considerably increased, but there has been no academic
association of statistics so far. With the remarkable development of social
sciences in our country. There have been not only many statistical studies ofsocial and economic phenomena, and also studies in pure theory of statistics
have been reported and published, here and there. The number of statisticalresearch scholars turns out to be quite large. We feel strongly the necessity ofmutual correspondence among scholars who have are interested in statistics andits applications in Japan. This will certainly contributed to further developmentof statistical studies in our country. We now propose to organize the Japan
Statistical Society as an academic association of statistical research scholars inJapan. We hope that people who agree with us get together for further develop­
ment and growth of statistical studies in Japan. The projectors area Hiromi
ARISAWA, Kohtaro FUJIMOTO, Kikunosuke KOHRI, Arata KOBAYASHI,
Kazuo MIZUTANI, Yuzo MORITA, Keizo MUNETOH, Tomonaga NAKA­
GAWA, Ichiro NAKAYAMA, Torazo NINAGAWA, Saburo SHIOMI, Ginjiro
SHIBATA, and Seiji TAKARABE. To be clear looking at those names, most ofthem were economists. This implies that the Japan Statistical Society has, atthe first stage, started as the association of social and economic researchscholars for the most part.
• The Japan Statistical Society is now composed of scholars in the fields of puretheoretical or mathematical statistics, demographic statistics, medical statistics,
economic statistics, econometrics, and other applied statistics. This year, 1981,
is the fiftith Anniversary of the foundation of Japan Statistical Society. We had
a special session of the memorial lectures, to celebratl this anniversary. We had
also the International Roundtable Congress, where eight foreign scholars wereinvited from abroad, and eight sessions were held in October 14-16, 1981.
REPRESENTATIVE• President: Junjiro OGAWA (Institute of Statistical Mathematics).
MEMBERSHIP• Number of Members: 1053

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ACTIVITIES• The convention of the society is to be held once a year in July.
• The Special Sessions at the conventions, 1976-1981:
1976: Statistical Analysis and Electric Computer,
Papers read:"The Role of Electronic Computer in Statistical Analysis." T.
OKAMOTO, (Osaka University)"Problems of Random Number Generation and Its Test-Methods",
K. WAKIMOTO (Okayama University)"Sta,tistical Analysis Package in Behavioral Sciences," G. MIZUNO(Institute of Statistical Mathematics)"Dialogue Treatment of Data-Base for the Econometric Analysis," K.
MORI (Keio University)"Size Distribution Analysis Package Program and Income Distribution
Data-Base," Y. TERASAKI (Hitotsubashi University)
1977: Present Stage of Statistical Analysis Program Package,
Papers read:"On the Program Package TIMSAC for Time Series Analysis," K.
AKAIKE and G. KITAGAWA (Institute of Statistical Mathematics.)"Standard Program System SALS for Least Squares Method," T.
NAKAGAWA (University of Tokyo)"System of Statistical Analysis NISAN," K. WAKIMOTO (Okayama
University) and Ch. ASANO (Kyushu University)"System of Econometric Modeling with Subsystem of Data-BaseControl," K. MORI and S. SAITO (Keio University)
1978: The Present Stage of Statistical Program Package in Japan chaired by
Ch. ASANO (Kyushu University) and D. FURUSE (Tohoku Univer­sity)
Papers read:"Its Characteristics as Application Program Package," K. YAJIMA(Institute of Japan Scientific Technology)"On the Time series Analysis Program Package TIMSAC," K. AKAIKE
and G. KITAGAWA (Institute of Statistical Mathematics.)"Least Squares Method Standard Program SALS," T. NAKAGAWA(University of Tokyo)
1979: Simulation Analysis of the Japanese Economy under the Oil-Supply
Restrictions, chaired by F. HAMADA (Keio University)
The Panel Discussion reporters:
T. FUKUCHI (Tsukuba University.) G. OHIRA (Institute of Electric
Problems) A. KOHNO (Diwa Security Company) Y. IKEDA and K.
INABA (Japan Economic News Paper)
Panel Discussants:
S. KINOSHITA (Nagoya University.) A. YAJIMA (Institute of Elec­tric Power) F. HAMADA (Keio University)
The New System of National Accounts,
The Panel Discussion reporters:
Y. KURABAY ASHI (Hitotsubashi University) S. TAKAGI (Seikei-121-University) K. NODA (Okayama University)
Panel Discussants:
S. TAHARA (Economic Planning Agency, Japanese Government) Y.
KURIBAYASHI (The National Land Bureau) S. SHISIDO, (Tsukuba
University)
Statistical Analysis of Population in Japan, chaired by K. EMI(Hitotsubashi University)"Forecasting of Japanese Population," M. YASUKAWA (Keio Univer­sity)
Papers read:"Roger's Model and Its Application to Japan," T. KURODA (Nihon
University)"On the Variations of Geographical Distribution of Cohort in Japan,"
K. SUZUKI (University of Distribution Economics )1980: Present Stage and Problems of Education of Statistics in the Universities
chaired by K. ITOH (Nanzan University)
Papers read:"Relationship between Statistics in High School and in University," Y.
UKITA (Tokyo Rika University)"Education of Mathematical Statistics and Measure-Oriented Probability
Theory," A. KUDO (Kyushu University )"Present Stage and Problems in Mathematical Statistics in Graduate
School," T. OKAMOTO (Osaka University )1981: The Validity of Macroeconometric Models, chaired by T. SAWA
(Kyoto University )Papers read:"A Comparison of Quantitative Policy Evaluations with Alternative
Macroeconometric Models," K. BAN (Tsukuba University)"Time Changing Parameter Model and Its Application," M. HATANAKA(Osaka University )"Specification of Macroeconometric Model and Its Characteristics inExtrapolations," F. HAMADA (Keio University)
Macroeconomic Analysis and Multi-Sectoral Economic Analysis chairedby S. KINOSHITA (Nagoya University)
Papers read:"On Estimation of Energy-Demand Elasticity in the Japanese main
Industries," H. WAGO (Tsukuba University) and T. SUZUKI (Hosei
University)"A Multi-Sectoral Energy Model of the Japanese Economy," M. SAITO(Kobe University.) and T. OHNO (Hosei University)"A Nation-Wide Interregional Econometric Model of Japan," Y.
KURIBAYASHI (Tsukuba University) and S. UH (The National Land
Bureau)"Recent Development of Multi-Sectoral Econometric Models and Their
Applications," S. SHISIDO . (Tsukuba University)-122-Recent Development of Demographic Statistics and Their Applications,chaired by Y. MORITA (Asia University)
Papers read:"Development of Stationary Statistics of Population and Its Problems,
N. KITAYAMA (Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office)"Development of the Population-Movement Statistics and Its Problems,"
A. OHTOMO (Utsunomiya University)"Problems of Statistics of Population Dynamics," T. MAEDA, (I.C.U.)"On the Birth Statistics," K. KOHNO (Institute of Demographic
Problems)• The Fiftith Anniversary Special Lectures, chaired by J. OGAWA.
"Fourty Years of Statistical Science- Retrospect and Prospect-." T. KITAGAWA(Institute of International Informations)"Japan Statistical Society in the Pre-war Period," Y. MORITA (Asia University.)"Japans Statistics in the Articles," K. MATSUSHITA (Teikyo University.)"Theory of Social Statistics and Statistics Theory of Dr. Ninagawa," S. ARITA(Shiga University)• The Fiftieth Anniversary Panel Discussion, chaired by K. TAKEUCHI (University of Tokyo)
Panelists:
K. AKAIKE (Institute of Statistical Mathematics)
E. EIICHI, (The Bank of Japan: Y. OKAZAKI, Institute of Demographic
Problems) T. OKAMOTO (Osaka University)
R. NAKAMURA (University of Tokyo) Ch. HAYASHI (Institute of
Statistical Mathematics)• The International Roundtable Congress, the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Japan
Statistical Society, October 14-16, 1981.
Session 1
Problems of the System of Education and Research of Statistics,
Organized and chaired by J. OGAWA, Institute of Statistical Mathematics.
"Problems of Teaching Statistics in Japan," J. OGAWA (Institute of
Statistical Mathematics)"A Survey of Teaching Statistics in Japanese Universities,"T.OKAMOTO(Osaka University)"Posibilities of Department of Statistics, and Department of Biostatistics
in Particular, in Japanese Universities," K. ITOH (Nanzan University)"German Experience of Teaching Statistics," F. Bicker (University ofDortmund, Germany)
Session 2
International Comparison of Productivity, organized and chaired by F.
HAMADA (Keio University)"International Differences in Levels of Technology: A Comparison
between U.S. and Japanese Industries," M. NISHIMIZU, (The World
Bank, U.S.A.) with D.W. Jorgenson.
"Productivity and Market Performance: Time Series Measurement in
the Japanese Economy;'' M. KURODA (Keio University) and H.
IMAMURA.
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"Know-How, Leaming-by-Doing and Production Efficiency: An In­
temational Comparison," F. HAMADA (Keio University)
Panel Discussants: S. KINOSHITA (Nagoya University)
S. SHISIDO (Tsukuba University) T. FUKUCHI (Tsukuba Universiyt)
Session 3 :Statistical Models in Biology, organized and chaired by M. HASEGAWA,(Institute of Statistical Mathematics)"An Algorithm for the Solution of PARAF AC-Model and Analysis ofGrowth Data of Children's Physical Constitution," C. HAYASHI(Institute of Statistical Mathematics)·"Zone oflnfluence Models for Competition in Plantations," M. Westcott(CSIRO, Australia)"Spatial Patterns in Ecology," M. HASEGAWA {Institute of Statistical
Ma thematics)"Estimation of Interactive Potential of Spatial Point Patterns and Its
Application to Ecology," M. TANEMURA and Y. OGATA (Instituteof Statistical Mathematics)
For avoiding the lengthy description, other sessions are omitted here.
PUBLICATIONS• The name. of the journal of the society is The Journal of the Japan StatisticalSociety, which is published twice a year, the contents of the latest issue of
which are: Y. TERASAKI, "Inequality Measure of Size Distribution of In­
come: A Survey": S. KAGEYAMA, "Bounds on the Number of Blocks andSome Blocks Structure for Resolvable Designs": T. NAK虚 URA, "On theMoment of Positively Truncated Normal Distribution", etc.
RELATIONS WITH OVERSEA SOCIETIES• Many members of this society are also members of Econometric Society,
International Statistical Institute, American Economic Association, andAmerican Statistical Association.
ADDRESS• The office of the Japan Statistical Society
The Institute of Statistical Mathematics: the address is 4-6-7 Minami-Azabu,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 106, Japan. Phone number is 03-442-5801.
(Fumimasa HAMADA)-124-