New s Bul l e tin of the Union of Nati onal
Ec onomi c Assoc i ati ons i n Japan
No.51

2015

Contents○

Greetings from the President

Kenichi ENATSU ················ 1○

Report on Business Activities in FY 2014 ···················································· 2○

List of Primary Proceedings of Meetings in FY 2014 ······································· 5○

Publication of English Information Bulletin No. 34

Yoshiharu KUWANA ·········· 7○

After Closing the IFSAM 2014 Conference in Tokyo

Kenichi KURODA ············ 9○International Conference Participation ReportJapan Society of Marketing and Distribution ···················· 14Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies ········· 17○

Reports on the Use of Assistance for the Invitation and Stay in Japan of Foreign Scholars
The Japan Society of Transportation Economics ················ 20○

Reports on the Use of Assistance for Academic Conference Expenses
Japan Society for Human Resource Management ··············· 22
Political Economy & Economic History Society ················ 24○

List of Member Association Trustees ························································ 26○

List of Union Directors ········································································· 28○

List of English Information Bulletin No.34 Editorial Committee Members· ··········· 28

The School of Economics: Which Way Should It Go?
Kenichi ENATSU, President“The Waning Popularity of the School of Economics”
This recent headline in The Nikkei newspaper (December 29, 2014)caught my eye. We cannot ignore the fact when many members of the Union are
currently

involved

with

the

supervision

andinstructionatuniversity

departments of economics and economics-related academic disciplines.
Today, as “global human resource development” is promoted with bravado,
the university departments in international studies have suddenly become thefocus of attention, and such undergraduate schools are either newly establishedor set up as a result of departmental restructuring. On the other hand, someuniversities are integrating and absorbing the traditional academic schools of
economics.
What should we make of this trend?
Aside from the prep-school students whose level of discernment is still
immature, this very serious problem does not allow us to be simply perplexed andfrazzled by society (more specifically, the corporate society), which imposes on us
the disgraceful judgement that “The study of economics is useless.”
It is insufficient that we just criticize the collective concept of the times
where pragmatism is emphasized and populism reigns.
Our courage is being tested. The challenge lies in whether the “academic
spirit” we have upheld over the years can actively undergo internal reformation,and how earnestly and effectively we can accommodate to the demands of society.
I believe there is no longer any academic who stays locked up in the “ivory
tower” and refuses to have contact with society.
Neither are we so foolish as to underestimate the importance of practical
study.
However, we should avoid the bold absurdity of misconstruing andtransforming the university into merely “a contracted manufacturer of businesspersonnel” to please social demands.
There ought to be a much deeper and more profound mission or social
responsibility for the universities and academic faculties of economics and therelated disciplines.
The trend is more difficult to overcome than we expect, even more so since1

we have been openly accepting the triple slicing and widening the gap between
the “top-level, well-known institutions emphasizing global human resource
development and training top researchers”, “middle-level, local institutions
strengthening practical education, partnership with local governments andcorporations, and cultivating human resources to support local business
management”,

and“lower-levelinstitutions

restructuring

theacademic

departments and turning into vocational schools” of the university itself.
I daresay that these issues pose a challenge for serious consideration by
the Union, its member societies, and the respective academic society members.

2

Report on Business Activities in FY 2014
I.

Assistance for the Invitation and Stay in Japan of Foreign Scholars
We received four applications this year. After the screening by the Board of
Directors, financial support was provided to the following one academic society.
Please refer to the “Report on Assistance for the Invitation and Stay in Japan of
Foreign Scholars” for the respective reports submitted by the society.

1.

The Japan Society of Transportation Economics: 100,000 yen for inviting
Laurent Guilhéry, Professor, Research Team for Transport Economy,
Lumière University Lyon 2, who gave a lecture at Kanto Region Conference
and Kansai Region Conference held on June 2014.

II. Assistance for Academic Conference Expenses
We received four applications this year. After the screening by the Board of
Directors, financial support was provided to the following two academic
societies. Please refer to the “Report on Assistance for Academic Conference
Expenses” in this bulletin.
1. Japan Society of Marketing and Distribution: 200,000 yen for dispatching Mai
KIKUMORI, assistant teacher, Keio University Graduate School, to the 17th
World Marketing Conference of the Academy of Marketing Science held at
ESAN University, Lima, Peru, from August 5 to 8, 2014.
2. Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies: 200,000 yen for
dispatching Shinichiro TABATA, Professor, University of Hokkaido, to thethe 46th Annual Conference of the Association for Slavic, East European andEurasian Studies (ASEEES) in San Antonio, Texas, USA, held from
November 20 to 23, 2014.
III. Assistance for Academic Societies
The purpose of this grant is to promote “academic research”, and it provides
partial support for the conference expenses to conduct various activities related
to academic research, such as co-hosting within the society of membership,co-sponsorship of a conference, and requesting external professionals to givelectures. We received five applications this year. After screening by the Board of3

Directors, financial support of 50,000 yen was given to the following two
academic societies. Please refer to the “Report on the Assistance for Academic
Societies”.
1. The Political Economy and Economic History Society: This academic society
held the 2014 Autumn Conference under the theme "What Is the Middle
Class? : Comparison between Developed and Emerging Countries", inviting
two experts from outside the society.
2. Japan Society of Human Resource Management: This academic society held
the 44th National Convention under the theme "Enhancement of Women in
the Workplace: The Issues and How to Cope with Them", inviting fivepanelists.
IV.

Assistance for IFSAM 2014 World Congress in TokyoIFSAM（International Federation of Scholarly Associations of Management）

held a world congress in cooperation with Japan Academy of Business
Administration at liberty Tower of Meiji University in Tokyo, Japan, from
September 2 to 4, 2014. Six societies of the Academic Association for
Organizational Science, Japan Scholarly Association for Asian Management,
Japan Academy of International Business Studies, Japan Accounting
Association, Japan Society of Human Resource Management, Japan Association
for the Comparative Studies of Management held a symposium other thanJapan Academy of Business Administration. We provide total of 500,000 yen forthis congress from Assistance for the Invitation and Stay in Japan of Foreign
Scholars and for Academic Conference Expenses and for Academic Societies.
V.

Publication of the English Information Bulletin, No. 34
At the 2nd English Information Bulletin Editorial Committee for 2014 held on
February 4, 2014, Professor Yoshiharu KUWANA of J. F. Oberlin University(Japan Academy of International Business Studies) was selected by themembers to be appointed as the Committee Chairman. For the details on theediting progress, please refer to "On the Publication of the English Information
Bulletin, No. 34" separately indicated in this issue.
The English Information Bulletin, No. 34 was published in mid-December
2014.

4

List of Primary Proceedings of Meetings in FY 20142014.4～2015.3
26

5. 20

First Board of・Report on closing the books for FY 2013

Directors

・Budget for FY 2014

Meeting・Parliamentary Procedure for the Board ofTrusteesFirst Board ofTrustees Meeting

・FY 2014 First Review Report for Assistance for
Dispatching to International Conferences,
Assistance for the Invitationand Stay in Japanof Foreign Scholars
・Report on the Publication of the Union News
Bulletin No. 50
・Report on the Publication of English
Information Bulletin No. 33, Report on the
Progress of Editing No. 34
・Report/Approval of Audit of FY 2013 Settlementof Accounts
・Future Operation of Special Accounting Activity
Administration Fund・Approval of FY 2014 Budget
・FY 2014 Business Plan・the 23rd period (2014.4.1 ~ 2017.3.31) Directorand Auditor Election for The Union of National
・Economic Associations in Japan Planning
IFSAM 2014 Conference in Tokyo
6. 30

Second Board of
Directors
Meeting・Examination of FY 2014 Second Assistance for
Dispatching to International Conferences,
Assistance for the Invitationand Stay in Japanof Foreign Scholars, and Assistance for Academic
Conference Expenses
・Discuss about deletion of some of the Article 8

10.20

First English

・Final Inspection of Draft for No. 34

Information

・Confirmation of Editing Activity Schedule until

Bulletin
Editorial
Committee

Publication of Bulletin
・Organization Heading the Writing of English
Information Bulletin No. 35

Meeting5

10.27

Third Board of
Directors
Meeting

・Report on the Progress of Editing English
Information Bulletin No. 34
・FY 2014 Interim Accounting Report
・Decline for the second Assistance of Dispatching
to International Conferences
・FY 2015 Business Plan under a questionnaire

Second Board ofTrustees Meeting

・Report on the Progress of Editing English
Information Bulletin No. 34
・Report on the Examination of FY 2013 Second
Review Report for Assistance for Dispatching toInternational Conferences, Assistance for theInvitation and Stay in Japan of Foreign Scholars,and Assistance for Academic Conference
Expenses
・FY 2014 Interim Accounting Report
・FY 2015 Business Plan

27

1.30

Second English

・Election of Editorial Committee Chairman for

Information

English Information Bulletin No. 34

Bulletin
Editorial

・Editing Activity Schedule until Publication of
Bulletin・Review of Writing Summary for English

Committee

Information Bulletin No. 34

Meeting・”CiNii (Citation Information Navigator
Service)“ run by the National Institute ofInformatics

3.9

Fourth Board of・Report on the Publication of English

Directors

Information Bulletin No. 34

Meeting

・Budget for FY 2015
・Examination of FY 2014 First Review for
Assistance for Dispatching to International
Conferences, Assistance for the Invitation andStay in Japan of Foreign Scholars, andAssistance for Academic Conference Expenses
・the 23rd period (2014.4.1 ~ 2017.3.31) Directorand Auditor Election for The Union of National
Economic Associations in Japan

6

On Publishing the 34th Issue of the Information Bulletin of theUnion of National Economic Association in Japan
Yoshiharu KUWANA (Obirin University)
Chairman, Editorial Committee
The 34th issue of the Information Bulletin of The Union of National
Economic Association in Japan was published in December 2014. The Bulletinhas been published since 1980 with the purpose of promoting widely the
dissemination of academic society activities concerning economics, and we expect
many readers around the world will read through our latest issue.
The 9 academic societies whose activities in recent years have beenhighlighted in this issue are the Japan Society of Monetary Economics, Japan
Academy of Business Administration, The Japan Society of Transportation
Economics, Japan Statistical Society, Nippon Academy of Management, Japan
Academy of International Business Studies, Japan Academy for Asian Market
Economics, Japan Association for Cultural Economics, Japanese Research
Association for Chinese Economy. The editorial policy was confirmed and the
publishing procedures were performed for this issue by the editorial committee
members (Hideaki MURASE, Kappei HIDAKA, Katsumi KOJIMA, Hiroshi
KOJIMA, Masatoshi KOJIMA, Mamoru KOBAYASHI, Kazuko GOTO, Naoki
MURAKAMI, and Yoshiharu KUWANA) selected from these 9 academic societies.
The writers were Yuri SASAKI (Japan Society of Monetary Economics), Kappei
HIDAKA (Japan Academy of Business Administration), Mami AOKI (The Japan
Society of Transportation Economics), Hiroshi SAIGO (Japan Statistical Society),
Masatoshi KOJIMA (Nippon Academy of Management), Takao YAMAMOTO andReiko TAKENOUCHI (Japan Academy of International Business Studies),
Mamoru KOBAYASHI (Japan Academy for Asian Market Economics), Kazuko
GOTO (Japan Association for Cultural Economics), and Midori KIZAKI(Japanese Research Association for Chinese Economy).
This issue was distributed to the university libraries and researchorganizations in 45 overseas countries, the domestic institutions related to The
Union of National Economic Associations in Japan (such as the secretariats ofmember societies, directors, council members, and editorial committee members),
as well as other research organizations in Japan (such as the National Instituteof Informatics, the National Diet Library, United Nations Library, Science
Council of Japan, and the Keidanren).
7

The “English Announcement on the Information Bulletin” and “About us”
articles are accessible from The Union homepage, so we have not distributed thebulletin to the university-affiliated libraries in Japan since the last issue (No. 33).
The 34th issue of the Information Bulletin is also available for online access on
the CiNii data service of the National Institute of Informatics. For further
expanding the dissemination of information from The Union to the world, we
have also posted the English version as well as the Japanese version of our News
Bulletin of the Union, starting from No. 49.
The Union policy is to gradually convert the paper-based English
Information Bulletin into web-based. Also, we revised the printed number ofissues as well as the overseas and domestic destinations for distribution at theeditorial committee meeting this year, especially being aware of the integration
and amalgamation of research organizations abroad.

As a result, we finallyprinted 750 of this issue, while the number of printed issues up to No. 32 was
900.
In conclusion, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to thehonorable members of the editorial committee, the respective writers, Professor
Paul SNOWDEN (Vice-President, Kyorin University) for his English
proofreading of the manuscript, and our Secretary General Masataka OHTA andYoshiko ISHII for their kind support of the editorial work in publishing theInternational Bulletin for this year.

8After Closing the IFSAM 2014 Conference in Tokyo
Kenichi KURODA (Meiji University)
Japan Academy of Business Administration
The Japan Academy of Business Administration and IFSAM(International Federation of Scholarly Associations of Management) co-sponsored
the IFSAM 2014 Conference in Tokyo, and the conference was held for three days,
from September 2 to 4, 2014, at the Liberty Tower of Meiji University. Nearly
400 participants from 24 countries worldwide engaged themselves daily in active
discussion throughout the conference period.
The IFSAM World Conference was first held in 1992 in Tokyo (at the
Keio Plaza Hotel in Shinjuku) and thereafter held every two years, notably inParis, France in 2010 and in Limerick, Ireland in 2012. The conference washeld in Japan again after 22 years.
The main theme of IFSAM 2014 Tokyo was “Management in Crisis”.
Keynote lectures by David GRANT (Professor, University of New
South Wales), on “Leadership in Crisis: A Practice Based Response”, and Rosalie
L. Tung (Professor, Simon Fraser University; former President, the United States
Academy of Management), on “The War for Talent among Nations”, were
presented in the morning of the first day of the conference.
We were also able to hold 6 symposia on the occasion of the Tokyo
conference, with the cooperation of economics-related academic societies inJapan.
Symposium I
The Academic Association for Organizational Science conducted a
symposium on the theme, “Revitalization Efforts by Manufacturing and Energy
Industries in Japan: After the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011”. It
was held in Classroom 1011 in the Liberty Tower for 90 minutes, from 14:20 to
15:50, on the first day of the conference, September 2nd, with approximately 150
participants. Professor Toshihiro KANAI of the Graduate School of Business
Administration, Kobe University, served as the MC, and Professors Takahiro
FUJIMOTO of The University of Tokyo Graduate Institute of Economics andTakeo KIKKAWA of the Hitotsubashi University Graduate School of Commerceand Management reported on their research topics.

Professors Kentaro

NOBEOKA, Director of Institute of Innovation Research at Hitotsubashi
9University, and Kazuhiro ASAKAWA of the Keio University Graduate School ofBusiness Administration were involved in the planning and proposal of thesymposium for the implementing academic society.

Respective reports weremade by Prof. Kikkawa on the post-Fukushima nuclear-reactor accident
Japanese electricity industry, and Prof. Fujimoto on rebuilding the power ofmanufacturing talent in Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake. The
audience listened intently to the very attractive reports by the pioneers in thehistory of Japanese electricity / energy industry and practical research inmanufacturing technology.

First, the MC Prof. Kanai led the discussion

between the two speakers; then, many questions were raised from the floor to be
discussed actively on the development of pertaining topics.
Symposium II
The symposium conducted by the Japan Society for Human Resource
Management titled, “Issues on Expatriate Management from Comparative
Perspectives” consisted of three professional researchers, namely Professor Chris
BREWSTER of the University of Reading in Britain, Professor Rosalie TUNG of
Simon Fraser University in Canada, and Professor Mitsuhide SHIRAKI of
Waseda University in Japan, who gave their respective presentations on thefollowing topics.
“Comparative Perspectives on Expatriate Management from Europe” (Chris
Brewster)“Comparative Perspectives on Expatriate Development and Appraisal” (Rosalie
Tung)“The development and appraisal of Japanese expatriates in Asia” (Mitsuhide
Shiraki)
An audience of over 50 persons gathered at the venue of the symposium,and the extremely active discussion including the Q & A session proceededsmoothly under the guidance of Prof. Shiraki the MC.

The discussion thatdeveloped according to the timely theme was very rewarding.
Symposium III
Japan Scholarly Association for Asian Management conducted a
symposium on the theme, “Business Eco-systems in Newly Developing Countries
and Base of the Pyramid (BOP) -- Focusing on the Case of CARD MRI, Philippine
10NGO --”.

In the beginning, the MC (Takabumi HAYASHI, Professor,

Kokushikan University）raised the key issue for discussion, which was also theobjective of the symposium, “The realities of the BOP sector in newly developing
countries, the purpose and limitations of BOP strategies by multinational
corporations, and the importance of BOP-sector targeted poverty reduction
strategies by the NGOs in newly developing countries”.
Subsequently, Chie IGUCHI (Associate Professor, Keio University) spokeon “The Specificity and Theoretical Issues of the BOP Market”, providing a casestudy on the women’s underwear market in the Philippines, explaining the typesof corporations and their respective product price-setting strategies for the TOP /MOP / BOP markets, and pointing out the extreme difficulty of making businessout of the products targeting the BOP market by following the conventional
theory on strategic business management.

Next, Takuto MOTOMURA(President and CEO, Granma, Inc.) reported on the status quo and issues of thesocial business he is conducting in the Philippines and other newly developing
countries, and finally, Mark J. RUIZ (President, Micro Ventures) introduced the
networking measures making use of smartphones targeting the “sari-sari stores”
being implemented in collaboration with an NGO.
Thereafter, active Q & A exchanges were made between theapproximately 120 to 130 participants and the presenters, on the theoreticalclassification and the points to be discussed concerning the case studies
presented. The overall symposium turned out to be extremely energetic.
Symposium IV
The symposium by Japan Association for the Comparative Studies ofManagement was held on the theme, “The Comparison of Emerging Market
Multinationals: Reviewing from Japanese Perspectives” between 15:30 and 17:00
at Room 1021 in the Liberty Tower, Meiji University, where approximately 150
participants gathered for the 90-minute session. Professor Hiroshi TANAKA of
Ritsumeikan University served as the MC. Peter J. WILLIAMSON gave theKeynote Lecture. He is Professor at the Judge Business School and Fellow ofJesus College, University of Cambridge, U. K.

Next, Professor Ryoji

NAKAGAWA of Ritsumeikan University gave a research report titled, “On
Chinese Emerging Multinationals”, and Professor Kazuko KATO of Meiji
University presented her report “On Russian Emerging Multinationals”. Thiswas followed by a Q & A and panel discussion between the lecturer and the 2
speakers, moderated by Prof. Hiroshi TANAKA.
11

The

symposium

consistedofadiscussion

on

the

theoreticalinterpretation of multinational corporations as a new phenomenon in the newly
developing BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China).

The keynote

speaker made a theoretical explanation based on the “value chain” corporate
activity, and the panel discussion members gave an empirical description basedon case study analysis of multinational corporations originating businesses from
China and Russia.
Symposium V
The session on accounting planned by the Japan Accounting
Association was held on the theme, “IFRS Adoption: Things We Can Learn from
Korea and Taiwan”.
With the globalization of corporate activities, the high-quality
standardization of accounting has been in demand around the world, and there
are active discussions surrounding the topic of adopting IFRS. In Asia, Korea in2011 and Taiwan in 2013 made a bold move forward to enforce IFRS adoption.
We have a lot to learn from these countries leading the way. Inviting lecturers
from Korea and Taiwan, we listened to their accounts of the experience.
The first speaker from Taiwan, Tien-Mu HUANG, the Vice Chairpersonof Taiwan Financial Supervisory, gave a lecture on “IFRS Adoption in Taiwan”.
Taiwan recently adopted the accounting standardization system having
determined the greater merit of adoption over convergence. In the lecture, hediscussed the method of consideration and issues in relation to IFRS adoption.
The next speaker from Korea, Jongsoo HAN, Professor of Ewha Women’s
University and member of the Accounting Standards Board of Korea, gave alecture on “IFRS Adoption in Korea”. In the lecture, he discussed thebackground, progress, results, and issues concerning the decision by the Koreans
to adopt IFRS.
Though these were valuable presentations, the number of participantsremained small, counting approximately 30. We supposed that one of thereasons for this was that the Annual Convention of the Japan Accounting
Association was held during the same period.
Symposium VI
The symposium by Japan Academy of International Business Studies
was held on the theme, “Revision and Transformation of Japanese MNE’s andJapanese Management Systems”. The main purpose of this symposium was to12

“revisit the competitive advantage of Japanese companies (and their businesses)”in the global market.

The three panelists who made their respective

presentations were Dr. Fabian J. FROESE (Georg-August-University Gottingen,Germany) specializing in international human resource management, Dr. Ishtiaq
PASHA (National University of Singapore Business School, Singapore)
specializing in international business strategy, and Dr. Tetsuya USUI (Nihon
University) specializing in international marketing, and the moderator was Dr.
Chie IGUCHI (Keio University). Based on the common theme, each panelist
spoke on the following titles: “HR Challenges for Japanese MNEs” (Dr. Froese);“Innovation in the New World Order: From Classical to Frugal Innovation” (Dr.
Pasha); “Supply Chain Transformations for Japanese MNEs” (Dr. Usui).
Following the 3 presentations and Q & A with the floor audience, the participants
including the floor discussed from various perspectives which aspects Japanese
corporations have an advantage in, and what sort of changes have become visible
in recent years. With approximately 150 participants, the symposium consistedof active remarks and questions from the floor and responses to these by thepanelists.
These 6 symposia were held at the conference, with discussions from a
global perspective. We are deeply grateful to the respective academic societies
who supported this occasion.
From the first to the last day of the conference period, 250 research
reports were made, according to the CFP method which was the main issue of theconference, by a total of 231 participants divided into 15 sessions. During thelunch breaks, 16 poster sessions were held with a total of 23 speakers.
As indicated above, we were fortunate to close the IFSAM 2014
Conference in Tokyo as a great success with far more number of participants as
expected, and reported in The Nikkei Industrial newspaper on its September 3rd
issue during the conference period. These achievements are the fruits of thevery generous financial support from The Union of National Economic
Associations in Japan, and the Japan Academy of Business Administration
expresses its appreciation as a sponsor society of the conference.

13

International Conference Participation Report
Mai KIKUMORI, Japan Society of Marketing and Distribution(Keio University Graduate School)
I received support from The Union of National Economic Associations inJapan, having been recommended by the Japan Society of Marketing andDistribution, to attend and report on my research at the 17th World Marketing
Conference sponsored by the Academy of Marketing Science held at ESAN
University, Lima, Peru, from August 5 to 8, 2014. The Academy of Marketing
Science is one of the world’s largest academic societies on marketing, famous fortheir publication, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. It is also
notable that the World Marketing Conference has been held every other year,
separately from the annual conference being held in USA.

The World

Conference this year commemorated the transition from the original biannual toannual convention to accommodate the expanding capacity of the conference. In
this article, I will report on the fruits of the research presented this time at theWorld Conference.
The discussion topic of the research report was “The Effect of Paid e-User
Recommendation Campaigns: From the Perspective of Those Submitting theUser Recommendation to Those Who Receive Them”.

The theme of thisresearch is the e-user recommendation campaigns (e-kuchikomi kyanpe’n inJapanese) actively used by many manufacturers and retailers on their respective
websites in recent years.

The e-kuchikomi campaigns are ways to collect agreater number of recommendations in the form of internet postings (thee-kuchikomi) by paying consumers to post such recommendations for certain
products and services. For example, approximately 50% of small online retailers
currently on Rakuten Ichiba, the largest e-commerce website in Japan,
frequently implement such e-user recommendation campaigns. In this way, thee-kuchikomi campaigns are attracting attention pertaining to practical business,but there is hardly any academic research specifically observing the effects of thissales initiative.

Therefore, the purpose of this research is to observe closely

what sort of influences the paid e-user recommendation campaigns have on the
consumer-sender’s objective for posting kuchikomi recommendations and thereliability of e-kuchikomi received and recognized by the consumer-receiver.
First, this research utilized the cost benefit approach to help analyze the14particular type of remuneration in that promotes the consumer-sender’s intention
to make a kuchikomi posting. We focused on the 3 points to raise cognitive
value of the remuneration in this analysis, namely monetary value, market
access feasibility, and target acquisition probability. Monetary value represents
the cost of the product given as the remuneration. The market access feasibility
depends on whether the product given as remuneration is generally available forpurchasing. By target acquisition probability, we mean the probability of theconsumer who posted the e-kuchikomi to acquire the product given as
remuneration. Each of these tendencies can be manipulated by the corporation
implementing the e-kuchikomi campaign. To further investigate the influencesof the uniqueness of remuneration in e-kuchikomi campaigns on the
consumer-sender’s kuchikomi posting intention, we made an empirical study bycollecting consumer data through a virtual online small retailer website. As aresult of the analysis of variance, the conditions promoting consumer kuchikomi
posting intention are as follows: when the monetary value of e-kuchikomi
campaign remuneration is high, when the market access feasibility is low,meaning that the item is not for sale, and / or when the remuneration acquisition
probability is high.
Second, this research made use of the attribution theory to help analyze
the influences on e-kuchikomi reliability as recognized by the consumer-receiverin e-kuchikomi campaigns. Originally, positive e-kuchikomi tends to be moreeasily posted than negative ones. It can be predicted that such a trend becomeseven more marked when e-kuchikomi campaigns are implemented.

The

circumstance where many positive e-kuchikomi are posted in certain e-kuchikomi
campaigns may not necessarily be welcome by the consumer-receiver. This isbecause if the user recommendations posted for an e-kuchikomi campaign wererecognized

by

the

consumerasmarketer-originatedinformation,such

e-kuchikomi would give an impression that they are more suspicious and lessreliable. To further investigate the influences of the e-kuchikomi campaigns on
the consumer-receiver reliability on e-kuchikomi, we made an empirical study bytrial collection of consumer data, as we did for the first investigation.

As aresult of t-testing, we found that the e-kuchikomi reliability was lower in thewebsites indicating the campaign implementation than those without indication.
The results of these two empirical analyses indicated that in
implementing e-kuchikomi campaigns, the consumer posting intention is
promoted by offering a remuneration of high cognitive value; on the other hand,theconsumer-receiverwill

recognize15

thereliability

of

the

postedrecommendations as low on the e-kuchikomi campaign running website.
Therefore, vendors need to determine carefully the mode of publicizing the
campaign implementation, bearing in mind that e-kuchikomi campaigns are notnecessarily the best promotion method, and maintaining a sensible balance
between the campaign advertisement and the possibility of lessening thereliability of e-kuchikomi.
Finally, I should like to express my sincere appreciation for the support,
in the form of assistance for the academic conference expenses, provided by The
Union of National Economic Associations in Japan.

16

International Conference Participation Report
Shinichiro TABATA (University of Hokkaido)
Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies
With the support from The Union of National Economic Associations inJapan, I attended and reported on my research at the 46th Annual Conference of
the Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) in
San Antonio, Texas, USA, held from November 20 to 23, 2014. This academic
society based in North America conducts research on the Slavic Eurasian region(formerly, the Soviet Union and East Europe). According to their website, they
have over 3,000 members and the regional research by the academic society
covers all areas of the humanities and social sciences, including literature,
history, sociology, politics, economics, and international relations.

Establishedin 1948, the society was known as the American Association for the Advancementof Slavic Studies (AAASS) until 2010, and it was acknowledged as an American
academic society by its naming, but their current name does not implicate
nationality. Many participants from Europe, the former Soviet Union and East
Europe, and Asian countries actually attend the annual conference, which isliterally an international convention.
The international academic society for research on the Slavic Eurasianregion is the International Council for Central and East European Studies(ICCEES), and this society is an umbrella organization for the respective
academic societies on Slavic Eurasian regional research worldwide. The worldconference of the ICCEES is held once in every 5 years, and the 9th worldconference will be held for the first time in Asia at Makuhari, Japan, from
August 3 through 8, 2015.
The United States being the center of research on the Soviet Union andEast Europe during the Cold War, the ASEEES annual conference has alsofunctioned as the world conference in Slavic Eurasian regional research. The
annual conference has normally been held during the 4 days from Thursday to
Sunday, and in the 2014 convention, a maximum of 38 topic sessions were held
concurrently over a total of 14 time periods.

According to the conference

program handout, 461 panels in total were held and the total number of
pre-registered panelists was 461. The theme of the 2014 annual conference was“25 Years after Destroying the Wall of Berlin: The Historical Heritage and a New
17

Beginning”.
Partly because I spent a year of research at the University of California
at Berkeley from 1989 to 1990, I had a chance to participate in this annual
conference for this academic society. I have attended the conference every year
since 1993, except for 2004. I believe it was in 1996 when I started organizing
an original panel discussion, and further, starting from 2008, I have beenorganizing 2 panel discussions annually. The panel for this annual conference
basically consists of one moderator, 3 presenters, and 2 discussion panelists.
Presupposing that it was not interesting to have 3 Japanese reporting on theirresearch in one panel (and because we could not attract audiences), we havemodified the participants to 2 Japanese presenters plus one non-Japanese for the
2 panels. We make requests so that the moderator and panelists are normally
non-Japanese.
My main research theme is the statistical analysis of Russian economic
growth. The panels organized for this conference fall basically under this theme,
and the other 3 Japanese report on their research in subjects related to thistheme. If there is a similarity in our panel presentations, it is our method ofanalyzing the Russian economy, making full use of the public economic statistics
in Russia.

The current style of analyzing the Russian economy throughminutely selective statistics has been recognized as one of the traits of Japanese
analyses of the Russian economy.
As we do every year, I organized the following 2 panel discussions with 3
members of the Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies.
“First Analysis on the Growth Potentiality of Russia and the CIS Nations”
Moderator:
Yoshiko HERRERA (Center for Russia, East Europe and Central Asia,
University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Presentations:
Masaaki KUBONIWA (Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi
University), “The Influences of Oil Prices, Total Factor Productivity, andSystem Weakness as Opposed to the Decline in Russian Growth Rate”
Iikka KORHONEN (Institute for Economies in Transition, Bank of Finland)“Banks in Russia: The Effect of Crimea and Sanctions”
Shinichiro

TABATA(Slavic-Eurasian

Research

University), “The Causes of Inflation in Russia”
Panel Discussion:
18

Center,Hokkaido

Josef BRADA (Department of Economics, Arizona State University)
Michael ALEXEEV (Department of Economics, University of Indiana)“Second Analysis on the Growth Potentiality of Russia and the CIS Nations”
Moderator:
Misha BELKINDAS (Open Data Watch)
Reports:
Yulia VYMYATNINA (Department of Economics, European University at St.
Petersburg), “The Growth Potentiality of the Customs Union Nations”
Akira UEGAKI (Seinan Gakuin University), “Russia and China in the Global
Imbalance”
Yugo KONNO (Mizuho Research Institute, Ltd.), “The Effectiveness of the
Customs Union Structuring between Russia, Byelorussia, and Kazakhstan”
Panel Discussion:
David LANE (Department of Sociology, University of Cambridge)
Vladimir POPOV (New Economic School, Moscow)
We regret that one of the panelists for the 1st session (Prof. Alexeev) andthe moderator, one presenter of research (Prof. Vymyatnina), and one panelist(Prof. Popov) for the 2nd session could not attend. I substituted as the moderator
for the 2nd session.
Typically, this society sets early deadlines for the conferences, and thiswas true for the annual conference in 2014 as well, whose deadline was January
15. By choosing the growth potentiality analysis as the theme, we intended to
discuss how it was possible for the Russian economic growth, which slowed down
to 1.3% in 2013 could come back up again. However, the Ukrainian conflictoccurred subsequently, and the resulting economic sanctions and the reduction ofoil prices affected the Russian economy to a further slowdown due to factors otherthan those before 2013. This incident brought Mr. Korhonen of the Bank ofFinland to deliver his report on a different topic from what was originallyintended, specifically on the influence of economic sanctions, in the 1st panel.
Also in the debate, we discussed the current conditions as it was necessary, andthis gave us the opportunity to engage in worthwhile exchanges with theeconomic scholars from around the world.

I am considering which theme I

should propose for the panel at the 2015 conference to take place in Philadelphia.

19

Reports on the Use of Assistance for the Invitationand Stay in Japan of Foreign Scholars:
Academic Exchange between Japan and Europe at JSTE
Ryu IMAHASHI（Institution For Transport Policy Studies）
The Japan Society of Transportation Economics
Laurent GUILHERY, Associate Professor, Université Lumière Lyon 2
and member of the university’s Research Team for Transport Economy, visited
Japan in May 2014, on invitation to deliver a special lecture for the Institution
for Transport Policy Studies. We were requested by Mr. Guilhéry to makeexchanges with many researchers during his stay, which he considered a special
opportunity, and to learn firsthand about the multiple private-owned railways
management unique to Japan. To fulfill this mission, we provided his travelaccommodation fees and domestic transportation fees, supported by The Union of
National Economic Associations in Japan, to give research presentations at the
Kanto and Kansai sectional meetings of The Japan Society of Transportation
Economics, to make exchanges with other transportation researchers, and to tour
the private railroad sites. The itinerary was as follows.
At the JSTE Kanto sectional meeting held on May 21, Professor
Kazuhiro OHTA of Senshu University served as the MC, and Fumio KUROSAKI,
Senior Researcher of the Institute of Transportation Economics, first gave an
overview on the Rail Europe (railroad alliance in Europe). Then, Mr. Guilhéry
delivered a presentation on the European high-speed railroads and the key
aspects of urban transportation.
The JSTE Kansai sectional meeting was held on May 23, with Professor
Mami AOKI of Doshisha University serving as the MC, Prof. Guilhéry gave alecture mainly on the great need for innovation as high-speed railroads face closecompetition with the LCC (low-cost carrier companies), car pool, and othertransportation facilities of a different nature in the stagnating European
economy. Mr. Guilhéry also requested that he meet with those Kansai
area-based researchers who could not attend the sectional meeting, and we held aspecial meeting for this purpose on May 24. Two specialists, namely Kenichi
SHOJI, Vice President of Kobe University, and Fumitoshi MIZUTANI, Professorof the Kobe University Graduate School of Business Administration, participatedin this discussion as the representative researchers on Japanese private railways
management.
The main points of the lecture are as follows. In Europe, transportation20

facilities are moving from automobile-oriented to railroad-oriented, in view ofthe 2 important purposes, namely the CO2 reduction to accommodate climatechanges and the need for stronger connection between the EU countries. The
2011 EU White Paper on Transportation presents 3 practical objectives: thecompletion of high-speed railroad network, to increase the use of railroads in the
expanding middle-distance passenger transportation, and securing railroad
access to the hub airports.
At the same time, Europe is adopting the bidding system in local
railways as well as implementing open access for high-speed railroads, in orderto achieve an efficient operational system and stimulation through competition.
The great difference between Japan and Europe here is that Japan combines thebase facilities and operation in mainstream railroad management, as opposed to
the EU, where individual national railroads remain separate more or less,depending on the country, and that Europe incorporates the top-bottom
separation.
High-speed railroads have been operated under a healthy system incooperation with the city pairs that have sufficient potential need for traffic;
however, as the economy stagnates, newly established train lines are having
difficulty with the small number of passengers. The SNCF (French national
railways) has begun to run a low-cost version of the train lines in order tocompete with the LCC and car pool. In Eastern Europe, network improvement,
the development of pendulum train car, and other measures are promoting the
speed-up of railroads.
Further, the introduction of competition among multiple ownercompanies of high-speed railroads in Italy and the yield management measures
such as partial reduction of transportation fees in Germany may be called
innovative measures.
In terms of access, the use of foldable bicycles,
pattern-diagramming of local railways, and other efforts are being made todiminish the opposing force accompanying the change of train lines. We
anticipate with expectation that the R & D will bear fruit in such areas as
speeding up and improving the getting in and out of the train cars at the station.
Japan and Europe are currently leading the high-speed railroad business, and wehope they will respond aptly to the market changes, make appropriate andaccurate business decisions, and implement the development of technology.
The researchers from Japan and Europe participated in active exchanges
at the respective lecture venues. We extend our heartfelt appreciation to The
Union of National Economic Associations in Japan for their generous support
from their limited budget.

21

Reports on the Use of Assistance for Academic Conference Expenses:
44th National JSHRM Academic Conference Report
Shinichi KUMASAKO (Kokushikan University)
Japan Society for Human Resource Management
The 44th National JSHRM Academic Conference was held at the
Toyohira campus of Hokkai-Gakuen University and the Hokkai School ofCommerce, from Saturday, July 19 through Monday (national holiday), July 21,
2014.
The general main topic for this conference was “Expanding the
Empowerment Venue for Women: What Are the Issues and How Can We
Promote It?” Although the need for creating the environment where women canbe active has been widely recognized, many issues remain to be solved at present,
and the convention was intended to conduct further discussion on these issues.
Since the conference took place in Hokkaido, we expected fewer people toattend at the planning stage; however, the conference turned out to be a
rewarding one, with 47 research reports on a topic of one’s choice.
The special lecture on July 20 was delivered by Akiko KAGAWA, StoreManager of the Daimaru Sapporo department store, invited for the occasion to
speak on the theme, “Work for Enjoyment – Your Sense of Achievement Will
Lead to a Career --”. The researchers aspiring toward practical study seemed to
be much stimulated by the talk by Ms. Kagawa, who is currently active in theforefront of practical labor.
The theme for the symposium held on the same day was “What Are theIssues and How Can We Promote Women’s Empowerment?”

With Emiko

TAKEISHI of Hosei University as the MC, 5 panelists gave their research reports,
followed by an active discussion. The themes of the respective panelists were as
follows: Tamie MATSUURA (NLI Research Institute), “The Progress and Issuesof Promoting Women’s Empowerment”; Toshiko KANNO (Hokkaido University of
Education), “The Issues in Promoting Women’s Empowerment from the Labor
Laws Perspective – Mainly on the Policies Prohibiting Gender Discrimination --”;
Akira KAWAGUCHI (Doshisha University), “The Issues in Promoting Women’s
Empowerment in the Japanese Economy – Focusing on the Japanese
Employment System -- ”; Mitsutoshi HIRANO (Kobe University), “The Issues ofCorporate Management and Promoting Women’s Empowerment – Looking at the22

Sense of Career Self-efficacy --”; Mitsuyo MATSUBARA (Gakushuin University),“Analyzing Key Factors that Influence the Maintaining and Raising of Women’s
Career Consciousness ”.
In addition, more than the predicted number of participants attended theexchange reception which was a very lively occasion. We believe the conference
turned out to be sufficiently effective in networking for potential future research
as well as enhancing ties between the society members.
As the administrative office representative of the society headquarters, I
express my appreciation for the kind cooperation of everyone involved to makepossible the successful completion of the 44th National JSHRM Academic
Conference.

Let me also indicate my gratitude to The Union of National

Economic Associations in Japan for their financial support in the form ofassistance for academic conference expenses.

23

Reports on the Use of Assistance for Academic Conference Expenses:
Summary of the 2014 Annual Meeting of PEEHS
Takenori MATSUMOTO（The University of Tokyo）
Political Economy & Economic History Society
On October 18, 2014, we held a symposium on the main theme, “Who Are
the Middle Class – Comparing the Advanced Nations with Newly Developing
Nations”, on the first day of the Annual Meeting of the Political Economy &Economic History Society. As we entered the 21st century, the term “middle
class” started to appear frequently in the documents reporting the trends in theworld economy. The background to this phenomenon consists of the discussion
on the fall of the middle class in advanced countries on one hand, and theattention focusing on the middle class as the driving force for economic growth in
newly developing countries on the other. The issue for this symposium was to
identify what sort of people is called the middle class, and to compare andexamine the unique lifestyle and values as well as the generative process of the
middle class in the advanced and newly developing countries.
In the conference, we looked at the target region consisting of 5 countries,
the advanced nations (USA and Japan) and newly developing nations (China,
Russia, and India). Our society lacks the research on newly developing
countries in comparison with the accumulated research on Europe, America, andJapan.
Kaori TAKADA of Otsuma Women’s University and Isamu
MITSUZONO of Hokkaido University, both members of our society, reported on
their respective research concerning the United States and Japan in the
symposium. In addition, we asked non-member specialists, Yuji MIURA of The
Japan Research Institute (China), Takeo HIDAI of Saitama Gakuen University(Russia), and Junko KISO of Ferris University (India), to give us a lecture on
their respective fields of specialization.
Ms. Takada discussed her research by relating the development of theAmerican middle class via the opportunity for education of immigrants to the US
military policies. Mr. Mistuzono analyzed the consumer activities of theJapanese middle class during the post-World War II period of accelerated
economic growth in relation to small retail business industry in urban areas.
Mr. Miura gave his report focusing on the (control of) labor force transfer
between the Chinese farm villages and cities and the progress of the middle class.
Mr. Hidai introduced the sociopolitical characteristic of the Russian middle class24

from the perspective of the supporting basis for the current Russian government.
Ms. Kiso discussed the possibilities (and difficulties) of middle class generationaccording to her field investigation in India. In response to the reports by these5 researchers, society member Takeshi KOJIMA (Tokyo Keizai University) andalso society member Takenori MATSUMOTO (The University of Tokyo) gave
their respective comments from the EU and Asian NIES perspectives. Further,
we conducted a Q & A among the presenters, commentators, and society
members of the floor audience.
By conducting a symposium including non-member specialists, we wereable to enhance the exchange between researchers of different fields ofspecialization, which is difficult to do among our society members. In addition,
the research reports on diverse disciplines such as economics (status quo
analysis), the history of economics, and sociology significantly widened ourcapacity for academic exchange. Through these academic exchanges, we wereable to reflect on the specific aspects of the economic structure in the respective
countries, analyzed under the keyword “middle class,” from a historical andcurrent perspective, at the same time to capture the hints for discussion verging
on the structure of world economy that regulates such structural characteristics
in the background.

25

Member Association Trustees
2015.3.31

Japan Society of Monetary Economics

Yoshio WATANABE

Fumihiko HIRUMAThe Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought
Chikakazu TADAKOSHI

Yasunori FUKAGAIThe Japan Society of Public Utility Economics

Hirotaka YAMAUCHI

Takeshi KATOHNO

Socio-Economic History Society

Haruhito TAKEDA

Hiroshi KAWAGUCHIThe Political Economy and Economic History Society

Tetsuji OKAZAKI

Yasuo KAWAIThe Japan Accounting Association

Koji ISHIUCHI

Nobuhiko SATO

Japan Academy of Business Administration

Yasuo TABUCHI

Kappei HIDAKA

Japan Economic Policy Association

Yasuhide TANAKA

Shun-ichi MAEKAWA

The Japan Society of Transportation Economics

Katsumi KOJIMA

Yoshinori TAKAHASHIThe Japan Institute of Public Finance

Motohiro SATO

Takero DOI

The Japan Statistical Society

Hiroshi SAIGO

Hiroshi KOJIMAThe Agricultural Economics Society of Japan

Norifumi FUKUYO

Seiichi SAKURAI

The Japan Society of International Economics

Keiichi UMADA

Shujiro URATA

Japan Society for Commodity Science

Shuji OHIRA

Shin OSERAThe Society for the Study of Social Policy

Koshi ENDO

Kingo TAMAIThe Japanese Society of Insurance Science

Yasuo KOFUJI

Hiroshi SUZAKI

Japan Society of Marketing and Distribution

Tetsu KOBAYASHIThe Japan Association of Economic Geographers

Nagatada TAKAYANAGIJapan Association for Asian Studies

Tetsuya KOMAGATA

Tomoo MARUKAWA

Japan Society of Political Economy

Mitsuhiko TSURUTA

Yoshikazu SATO

Japan Business Communication Association

Yasuo NAKATANIJapan Society of Business Mathematics

Katsushige SAWAKI

Business History Society of Japan

Shin GOTO

Japan Academy for International Trade and BusinessToshihiko SINOHARA

Takeshi MORIGUCHI
Katsuki UMEDA

Yuichiro YAMAMOTO
Isao USUI
Nobuhisa FUJITA
Fumio KOBAYASHIThe Japan Section of the Regional Science Association International
Hidehiko KANEGAE

Hiroyuki SHIBUSAWA

The Society for the Economic Studies of Securities

Hiroshi FUKUMITSU

Hajime TAKAHASHIThe Population Association of Japan

Ko-hei WADA

Natsumi ARATAME

The Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies

Shozaburo SAKAIManabu SUHARAThe Academic Association for Organizational Science

Kenshi YAMAKURA

Junjiro SHINTAKUJapan Society of Human Resource Management

Kazuo KIKUNO

Yoshio SASAJIMAThe Society of Economic Sociology

Shin WATANABE

Takao MAMADA

Japan Finance Association

Kotaro INOUE

Toshio SERITA

Japan Association for Planning Administration

Yasuo MATSUYUKI

Yasushi ASAMI

26

Japan Auditing Association

Masayuki HORIE

Toshifumi TAKADA

Japan Academy for Consumption Economy

Takehiko YASUDA

Yasuyuki SASAKI

Japanese Association for International Accounting Studies
Takashi HASHIMOTO
Japan Society for Applied Management

Fumihiko HIRANO

Hidehiko YAMAZAKI
Toshimasa YOKOZAWA

Nippon Urban Management and Local Government Research Association
Makoto ONOJIMA

Tatsuo ITOJapan Port Economics Association

Hideki YOSHIOKA

Hisashi FURUI

Nippon Academy of Management

Yasuhiro OGURA

Shigeo KATO

Japan Academy of Management Philosophy

Kenshu KIKUZAWA

Koji OHIRA

Japan Risk Management Society

Kazuo UEDA

Japan Logistics Society

Mitsumasa NAKA

Katsuyuki KAMEI
Hirohito KUSE

Japan Association for the Comparative Studies of Management
Fumitaka IWANAMI

Yongge LIU

Japan Academy of Management

Isuke KOTO

Saburo OTA

The Society for Industrial Studies, Japan

Katsuaki ONISHI

Japan Association for Management Systems

Akira OTABE

Hiroshi ITAGAKI
Hiroaki ISHIICIRIEC Japanese Section (Japan Society of Research and Information on Public and Cooperative Economy)
Teizo ANAYAMA

Kazuyoshi UENO

The Japan Society for Social Science of Accounting

Takashi OGURI

Yoshiaki JINNAIJapan Society of Logistics and Shipping Economics

Nobuaki ENDO

Katsuhiko HAYASHIThe Japanese Association of Management Accounting

Masakatsu OSHIMAThe Society for the History of Management Theories

Yoshiaki TAKAHASHI

Kimio TAKAHASHIJapan Scholarly Association for Asian Management

Tasuku NOGUCHI

Takahide KOSAKA

Japan Academy of International Business Studies

Kenichi ENATSU

Yoshiharu KUWANA

Japan Society for Business Ethics Study

Kuniaki MATSUMOTO

Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics

Akiyoshi ARAKAWA

Hiroyasu UEMURA

Japan Academy of Labor and Management

Hiroyuki KUNISHIMA

Kimito NASUNOThe Japanese Association of Administrative Science

Yasuaki KIDO

Yasuo HOSHINO

Business Analysis Association

Noriyuki KONISHI

Yasuyoshi KUROKAWA

Japan Academy for Asian Market Economics

Hirokazu IINUMA

Nobuyoshi NISHIZAWAThe Japan Society of Household Economics

Joji ASAHI

Japan Association for Cultural Economics

Kazuko GOTO

Masamichi YOSHIOKA

Akira SAITO

Kyoko UEMURA
Taisuke KATAYAMA

Japanese Association for Chinese Economy and Management Studies
Naoki MURAKAMI

27

Kazuo YUKAWA

Directors of the Union
President

Kenichi ENATSU (Japan Academy of International Business Studies)
Fumihiko HIRUMA (Japan Society of Monetary Economics)
Tetsuji OKAZAKI (The Political Economy and Economic History Society)
Koji ISHIUCHI (Japan Accounting Association)
Kappei HIDAKA (Japan Academy of Business Administration)
Mitsuhiko TSURUTA (Japan Society of Political Economy)
Yoshiaki TAKAHASHI (The Society for the History of Management Theories)
Yasuhiro OGURA (Nippon Academy of Management)
Katsuaki ONISHI (The Society for Industrial Studies, Japan)
Takahide KOSAKA (Japan Scholarly Association for Asian Management)

Secretary General
Masataka OTA
AuditorHaruhito TAKEDA (Socio-Economic History Society)
Hideki YOSHIOKA (The Japan Port Economics Association)

Emeritus

Osamu NISHIZAWA
Yasuo OKAMOTO
Toshio KIKUCHI

Information Bulletin No.34 Editorial Committee Members
Chairman Yoshiharu KUWANA (Japan Academy of International Business Studies)
Hideaki MURASE (Japan Society of Monetary Economics)
Kappei HIDAKA (Japan Academy of Business Administration)
Katsumi KOJIMA (The Japan Society of Transportation Economics)
Hiroshi KOJIMA (The Japan Statistical Society)
Masatoshi KOJIMA (Nippon Academy of Management)
Mamoru KOBAYASHI (Japan Academy for Asian Market Economies)
Kazuko GOTO (Japan Association for Cultural Economics)
Naoki MURAKAMI (Japanese Association for Chinese Economy and Management Studies)28

Correspondence to be addressed:
Secretariat of the Union of National Economic Associations in Japan,
c/o School of Commerce,
Waseda University,
Nishiwaseda 1-6-1, Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 169-8050, Japane-mail: rengo@ibi-japan.co.jp
http://www.gakkairengo.jp

29