When using this document, keep the following in mind:ntialGeneral Notice

1. This document is confidential. By accepting this document you acknowledge that you are boundby the terms set forth in the nondisclosure and confidentiality agreement signed separately and in
the possession of SEGA. If you have not signed such a nondisclosure agreement, please contact
SEGA immediately and return this document to SEGA.

de2. This document may include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new versions of the
document. SEGA may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the
program(s) described in this document at any time.

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3. No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate, in any form, the whole or part of this document
without SEGA’s written permission. Request for copies of this document and for technicalinformation about SEGA products must be made to your authorized SEGA Technical Services
representative.
4. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patents, copyrights, trademarks, orother intellectual property rights of SEGA Enterprises, Ltd., SEGA of America, Inc., or any third party.

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5. Software, circuitry, and other examples described herein are meant merely to indicate the characteristics and performance of SEGA’s products. SEGA assumes no responsibility for any intellectual
property claims or other problems that may result from applications based on the examples
described herein.

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6. It is possible that this document may contain reference to, or information about, SEGA products(development hardware/software) or services that are not provided in countries other than Japan.
Such references/information must not be construed to mean that SEGA intends to provide such
SEGA products or services in countries other than Japan. Any reference of a SEGA licensed product/program in this document is not intended to state or imply that you can use only SEGA’slicensed products/programs. Any functionally equivalent hardware/software can be used instead.

SE

7. SEGA will not be held responsible for any damage to the user that may result from accidents or any
other reasons during operation of the user’s equipment, or programs according to this document.

(11/2/94- 002)

NOTE: A reader's comment/correction form is provided with thisdocument. Please address comments to :SEGA of America, Inc., Developer Technical Support (att. Evelyn Merritt)
150 Shoreline Drive, Redwood City, CA 94065
SEGA may use or distribute whatever information you supply in any way
it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you.

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TM

Virtual CD System
Supplementary
ManualVer. 1.0
Doc. # ST-129-R2-SP1-061995© 1995 SEGA. All Rights Reserved.

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READER CORRECTION/COMMENT SHEETKeep us updated!
If you should come across any incorrect or outdated information while reading through the attacheddocument, or come up with any questions or comments, please let us know so that we can make therequired changes in subsequent revisions. Simply fill out all information below and return this form to
the Developer Technical Support Manager at the address below. Please make more copies of this form if
more space is needed. Thank you.
General Information:

Phone

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Your Name
Document number

ST-129-R2-SP1-061995

Document name

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

Corrections:
Correction

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pg. #

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Chpt.

Date

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Questions/comments:

Fax:

Where to send your corrections:(415) 802-1717
Attn: Evelyn Merritt,
Developer Technical Support

Mail:

SEGA OF AMERICA
Attn: Evelyn Merritt,
Developer Technical Support
150 Shoreline Dr.
Redwood City, CA 94065

Supplementary Information on the Emulator....................................................
1.1
1.2
1.3

Supplementary Description of Scripts..............................................................

3.0

Supplementary Description of the Updateool
T VCDUTL.EXE............................
3.1
3.2
3.3

4.0

5.0

17

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 17
Revisions to the Main Manual ............................................................................. 17
Example of Executing a Partial Update ............................................................... 18

Byte Swap Tool SWAP.EXE...............................................................................
4.1
4.2

5

Cancellation of VCDPRE.EXE Restrictions ........................................................... 5
Restrictions and Other Notes .............................................................................. 5
Example of a Script Statement ............................................................................ 8
The Effects of the Pack Line on Channel-Interleaving......................................... 13
Specifying Relative Time ..................................................................................... 14
The Relationship Between Sector Rates and Bit Rates ...................................... 16

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2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

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2.0

3

New Options for VCDEMU.EXE............................................................................
3
The Number of Tracks and Indexes that Can Be Emulated ................................ 4
Scan Play Function .............................................................................................. 4

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1.0

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Virtual CD System
Supplementary Manual er.
V 1.0

20

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 20
Usage .................................................................................................................. 20

Script Keywords..............................................................................................

21

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Index ...................................................................................................................................... 26

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

1

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(There is no page 2 in the original Japanese document.)

2

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1.0 Supplementary Information on the Emulator
1.1 New Options for VCDEMU.EXE

The new options included in VCDEMU.EXEand their uses are discussed below.

-ib:
Sets the size of the input buffer. An integer between 2 and 8 can be specified. For
example, the following sets a size of 8 KB (4 KB x 2):
-ib 2

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The default size is 32 KB (specified by a value of 8).

-vb:
Specifies the size of the transfer buffer. An integer between 14 and 37 can be specified. This option specifies the number of buffers that are each equivalent to 1 sector
in size. For example, when the following is specified,nfi-vb 1414 transfer buffers are allocated. The default is 37 transfer buffers. However, fewer
buffers may be allocated depending upon the available memory in the system.
After startup, the input buffer size and the number of transfer buffers allocated are
displayed on the lower right area of the screen as follows.

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Buffer: 02/07

SEGA

The numerator indicates the input buffer size (in 4 KB units) and the denominator
the number of transfer buffers. The number displayed for transfer buffers is an
integer value divided by 2.

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

3

-vb Setting

2000

Setting not required

Setting not required

3000

Setting not required

Setting not required

4000

Setting not required

Setting not required

4500

4

Setting not required

5000

2

14

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-ib Setting

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Total No. of Indexesnti
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1.2 The Number of T
racks and Indexes that Can Be Emulated
When there are an unusually large number of tracks or indexes within a track, thetwo options described earlier (-ib and -vb) can be used to conserve memory andensure successful emulations. This is done by decreasing the amount of buffering or
adjusting the balance between the input buffer and transfer buffer.
The appropriate settings will vary depending upon the amount of free space available in the conventional memory of the PC compatible being used, the length of thefile name, and so on. The table below is an example of settings when 585 KB of freespace is available in conventional memory.

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If the above options are not set at startup, the program can emulate approximately
4,000 tracks and indexes (i.e., the total number of tracks x number of indexes). With
the minimum setting of -ib 2 -vb 14, the total number is about 5,000. When thedefault settings are used, approximately 40 indexes per each track with a maximumof 99 tracks can be emulated, or a disc image with up to 50 indexes can be emulated
when the buffer setting is at a minimum.
The disc builder program VCDBUILD.EXEon the Virtual CD can create disc images forapproximately 10,000 tracks·indexes (maximum 99 tracks x 99 indexes). However,the number of tracks·indexes that can be emulated using the emulation program
VCDEMU.EXEis limited to approximately 5,000.

SEGA

1.3 Scan Play Function
CD-DA tracks can be played back in fast forward or in reverse while in real-timeemulation mode. Playback can be controlled from the SEGA SATURN's Audio CD
control screen. Take note that normal scan play is not possible in the direct DOS
access mode.

4

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2.0 Supplementary Description of Scripts

de2.1 Cancellation ofVCDPRE.EXE Restrictions(1) The keywords in a script statement are no longer case sensitive. For example,
Disc can now be DISC, disc, diSc and so on. Parameter statements, however,remain case sensitive and therefore the disc type CDROM or SEMIXA must be
specified in upper case in the Session lines.
(2) All keywords may now be used.
(3) PVD and SVD do not need to be defined since data is automatically added by thesystem for the two keywords LPath and MPath.
(4) The relative position parameter defined in the Extent line may be omitted.
(5) An empty line need not be specified in the LeadIn definition . The lead-in area
is not output to the disc image that is created.

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2.2 Restrictions and Other Notes(1) The disc types that can be defined in a Session line are now limited to CDROM
and SEMIXA; CDI and ROMXA cannot be defined.
(2) The only track type definable in a LeadIn line is now MODE1.
(3) The track type that can be defined in a LeadOut line is limited to that used in the
final track. Therefore, if the final track is a CD-DA track, the lead-out area mustalso be a CD-DA track.
(4) Specify a empty line in the LeadOut definition. When omitted, the size of thelead-out area output to the disc image becomes 0. While the emulator willfunction with a lead-out area of 0, a size of 300 or more blocks is recommended toensure proper operation.
(5) Specify a PostGap line as needed at the end of the data track. If omitted, thepost gap size becomes 0.
(6) For the ISO9660 file name + version number defined in a File line:

SEGA• When the version number is omitted after the semicolon in
filename.extension;versionnumber , a version number of ;1 is added as thedefault.
• When ;0 is stated as the version number, ;0 is omitted and the file name isset without a version number.

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

5

Channel-interleaving between MPEG files and multi-DOS files is achieved by atwo pass method. This method involves building an ISO11172 stream by multiplexing the MPEG video stream and MPEG audio stream, and then using this
ISO11172 stream as a source file to channel-interleave again with the multi-DOS
file.

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(7)

Steps for Execution
1) Multiplex the MPEG video stream and MPEG audio stream to create a script (script 1) that
outputs the ISO11172 stream as a DOS file.
2) Run VCDBUILDusing script 1.

3) Create a script (script 2) that channel-interleaves the resulting ISO11172 stream and themulti-DOS file.

de4) Run VCDBUILDusing script 2.

When an ISO file includes a MpegMultiplex line, a SectorRate line must be
defined immediately after the File line.

(9)

Any positive integer value between 1 and 65535 can either be specified for thesector rate parameter defined in the SectorRate line or omitted. When omitted,
the parameter becomes 150.

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(8)

<SectorRateLine>::= SectorRate<sector rate>[CR] | SectorRate [CR]Co

(10) The bit rate defined in the BitRate line has a decimal point. When the rate is an
integer, append a “.0” to the integer.
(11) The new file source types AUDIO and MPEG_VIDEO can be defined in the
SourceType line.
When storing audio data other than ADPCM in the 2324 byte user data area in
the form 2 sector, state AUDIO as the file source type. When using a FileSourcecommand to define an MPEG video stream, state MPEG_VIDEO as the file source
type. This statement identifies the file source as an MPEG video stream andadds 16 words of “0” data immediately after the sequence_end_code stated at
the end of the MPEG video stream. This statement is necessary to properly
replay an MPEG video stream on the SEGA SATURN.
Input filename
MPEG_VIDEOGA

FileSource
SourceType
EndFileSource

In addition, when the MPEG video stream is defined using the MpegStream
command, specifying the parameter VIDEO will perform the equivalent process.
Source filenameSE

MpegStream

6

VIDEO

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(12) Use the CodingInformation command to set subheader coding information. The
Virtual CD system cannot set the coding information by identifying the filesource. However, if VIDEO is specified as the data type in the MpegStream line
during MpegMultiplex, the coding information is set to 0FH. When AUDIO is
specified, 7FH is set.
No particular coding information is defined for a game CD. There also are no
settings defined for AUDIO and MPEG_VIDEO (described in item 11). Please refer tosection 4.3.2.4 in the specification document CD-ROM XA II.4. for the settings
when the AUDIO sector source is ADPCM or the VIDEO sector source is ASM or
EVM.
(13) The MpegFlush command has been added as a new command keyword. An
MpegFlush line adds 16 KB of “0” data immediately prior to thesequence_end_code recorded at the end of the MPEG video stream.
<MpegFlush line> ::= MpegFlush [CR]<File source definition line>::=<SubHeader line>|<Offset
line>|<BitRate line>|<UnitSize line>|<GapSize line>|<RealTime
line>|<BeginTimeF line>|<EndTimeF line>|<DataType line>|<AutoEOR
line>|<CodingInformation line>|<SourceType line>|<SubSourceline>|<SubEmpty line>|<MpegFlush line>

nfi(14) When the type of the data specified in the MpegStream line in the MPEG stream
definition is DATA, FORM1/FORM2 must be specified in a DataType line.
<MPEG stream>::=<MpegStream line> <BitRate line> <DataType line><MpegFlush line> <EndMpegStream line>|<MpegStream line> <BitRateline> <DataType line><MpegFlush line> <EndMpegStream line> <MPEG
stream>Co(15) Relative positions specified as minute:second:frame can also be specified by
FAD.
<relative position>::=<minute>:<second>:<frame>|<FAD><FAD>::=<numerical string>(16) A hyphen “-” can also be used in addition to a forward slash “/” as a delimiter
when specifying VCDPRE.EXE and VCDBUILD.EXEoptions. New options havealso been added.

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Format:VCDPREorVCDPRE

Added Option:/a or -aSE

Format:VCDBUILDorVCDBUILD

Startupfile [/i /c /d /f /a]Startupfile [-i -c -d -f -a]Specifies options i, c, d and f as a batch

Startupfile [/i /c /d /f /a /n /s]Startupfile [-i -c -d -f -a -n -s]

Added Options:/n or -n
ECC not generated/s or -s
Execution history not displayed

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

7

(1)

Sample Script for a CD-ROM (MODE1 + CD-DA) Discnti
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2.3 Example of a Script Statement
The following examples show how to configure a disc by using a script. Previously
released manuals describe the correct syntax of output file names used in parameters. When this example refers to “output file name”, for example, it simply meansthat an output file is specified.
Items in angle brackets (< >) followed by opt indicate items that may be omitted. If
items appear in brackets ({ | }) separated by |, then one of the items must be chosen. Everything after a semicolon (;) is a comment.

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Disc
output filename
Session
CDROM <output filename>opt
LeadIn
MODE1
EndLeadIn;<SystemArea MSDOS filename>opt
;
Track
MODE1
VolumeISO9660
output filename
PrimaryVolume0:2:16<PVD definition line>opt;......(1)EndPrimaryVolume<SupplementaryVolume
relative time>opt<SVD definition line>opt;......(2)<EndSupplementaryVolume>opt<BootRecord
relative time>opt<Boot record definition line>opt;......(3)<EndBootRecord>opt
EndVolume;
File ISO9660 filename <output filename>opt<file definition line>opt;......(4)FileSource input filename<file source definition line>opt;......(5)EndFileSource
EndFile;;File ~ EndFile;
PostGap 75
EndTrack
;
Track
CDDA
Pause
150
FileSource input filename<file source definition line>opt;......(5)EndFileSource
EndTrack;; Track ~ EndTrack;;
LeadOut
Empty
EndLeadOut
EndSession
EndDisc

8

CDDA
300

(2)

Sample Script for a CD-ROM XA (MODE1+MODE2+CD-DA) Disc

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Disc
output filename
Session
SEMIXA<output filename>opt
LeadIn
MODE1
EndLeadIn;<SystemArea MSDOS filename>opt
;
Track
MODE1
VolumeISO9660
output filename
PrimaryVolume0:2:16<PVD definition line>opt;......(1)EndPrimaryVolume<SupplementaryVolume
relative time>opt<SVD definition line>opt;......(2)<EndSupplementaryVolume>opt<BootRecord
relative time>opt<Boot record definition line>opt;......(3)<EndBootRecord>opt
EndVolume;
FileISO9660 filename<output filename>opt<file definition line>opt;......(4)FileSource Input filename<file source definition line>opt;......(5)EndFileSource
EndFile;;File ~ EndFile;
PostGap 75
EndTrack
;
Track
MODE2
PreGap150
File
ISO9660 filename <output filename>opt;Example of channel-interleaving using SectorRate line
SectorRate<positive integer>opt ; Required when defining MPEG
Channelchannel number
MpegMultiplex<output filename>opt<RealTime>opt; When DATA is specified in MpegStream line
MpegStream Source filename {AUDIO|VIDEO|DATA}
BitRateBit rate<sequence number>opt<DataType{FORM1|FORM2}>opt ; When DATA is specified in<MpegFlush>opt
MpegStream line
EndMpegStream
MpegStream source filename {AUDIO|VIDEO|DATA}:
EndMpegStream
EndMpegMultiplex
Endchannel
Channelchannel number
MpegMultiplex<output filename>opt<RealTime>opt; When DATA is specified in MpegStream line
MpegStream Source filename {AUDIO|VIDEO|DATA}
BitRateBit rate<sequence number>opt<DataType{FORM1|FORM2}>opt ; When DATA is specified in<MpegFlush>opt
MpegStream line
EndMpegStream

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

9

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EndMpegMultiplex
EndChannel
EndFileFile
ISO9660 filename <output filename>opt:Example of channel-interleaving using UnitSize line, GapSize line
Channelchannel number
FileSource input filename
UnitSize
unit size
GapSize
gap size:
EndFileSource
EndChannel
Channelchannel number
FileSource input filename
UnitSize
unit size
GapSize
gap size:
EndFileSource
EndChannel
EndFileExtent<relative time>opt
FileInterleave
unit size
gap size
File ISO9660 filename <output filename>opt
FileSource input filename
EndFileSource
EndFileEndFileInterleave
FileInterleave
unit size
gap size
File ISO9660 filename <output filename>opt
FileSource input filename
EndFileSource
EndFileEndFileInterleave
EndExtent
Directory
directory name
<Directory attribute definition>opt
Directory
directory name
File ISO9660 filename <output filename>opt
FileSource input filename
EndFileSource
EndFileEndDirectory
EndDirectory
PostGap 75
EndTrack
;
Track
CDDA
Pause
150
FileSource input filename<file source definition line>opt;......(5)EndFileSource
EndTrack;; Track ~ EndTrack;
LeadOut CDDA
Empty
300
EndLeadOut
EndSession
EndDisc10

PVD Definition Line

(2)

SVD Definition Linesntial

A identifier>opt
D identifier>opt
Number of blocks>opt

D identifier>opt
A identifier>opt
A identifier>opt
A identifier>opt
D+ identifier>opt
D+ identifier>opt
D+ identifier>opt
Date>opt
Date>opt
Date>opt
Date>opt
MS-DOS filename>opt

nfi<SystemIdentifier<VolumeIdentifier<LogicalBlockSize<OptionalLPath>opt<OptionalMPath>opt<VolumeSetIdentifier<PublisherIdentifier<DataPreparerIdentifier<ApplicationIdentifier<CopyrightFileIdentifier<AbstractFileIdentifier<BibliographicFileIdentifier<VolumeCreationDate<VolumeModificationDate<VolumeExpirationDate<VolumeEffectiveDate<ApplicationUse

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(1)

A identifier>opt
D identifier>opt
Number of blocks>opt
Kanji code>opt

(3)

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<SystemIdentifier<VolumeIdentifier<LogicalBlockSize<EscapeSequences<OptionalLPath>opt<OptionalMPath>opt<VolumeSetIdentifier<PublisherIdentifier<DataPreparerIdentifier<ApplicationIdentifier<CopyrightFileIdentifier<AbstractFileIdentifier<BibliographicFileIdentifier<VolumeCreationDate<VolumeModificationDate<VolumeExpirationDate<VolumeEffectiveDate<ApplicationUse

D identifier>opt
A identifier>opt
A identifier>opt
A identifier>opt
D+ identifier>opt
D+ identifier>opt
D+ identifier>opt
Date>opt
Date>opt
Date>opt
Date>opt
MS-DOS filename>opt

Boot Record Definition LinesSE<BootSystemIdentifier<BootIdentifier

A identifier>opt
A identifier>opt

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

11

File Definition Lines
relative time>opt
relative time>opt{HIDDEN|NOHIDDEN}{RECORD|NOTRECORD}>opt
Date>opt{No. of bytes|No. of sectors}>opt
relative time>opt
relative time>opt

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File No.>opt;1∼255{relative time|+}>opt{relative time|-}>opt
Directory name filename>opt
Numeric string>opt{OWNER|NOTOWNER}{GROUP|NOTGROUP}{WORLD|NOTWORLD}>opt{OWNER|NOTOWNER}{GROUP|NOTGROUP}{WORLD|NOTWORLD}> opt<SysExecuteAttributes

(5)

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(4)

File Source Definition Lines

Input length>opt
Bit rate<sequence no.>opt
Unit size>opt
Gap size>opt

Co<SubHeader>opt<Offset input position<BitRate<UnitSize<GapSize<RealTime>opt<BeginTimeF<EndTimeF<DataType<AutoEOR>opt<CodingInformation<SourceType{relative time|+}>opt{relative time|-}>opt{FORM1|FORM2}>opt

Coding information>opt{MONO_A|MONO_B|MONO_C|STEREO_A|
STEREO_B|STEREO_C|CDDA|AUDIO|
ISO11172|MPEG_VIDEO|VIDEO| DATA}>opt;Valid only when MODE2 isspecified in the Track line
Filename>opt
Number of blocks>opt

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SE<SubSource<SubEmpty

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>opt

(1)

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2.4 The Effects of the Pack Line on Channel-Interleaving
When channel-interleaving is used, each sector within the same ISO file can be
identified by a channel number. Use the BeginTimeF line, EndTimeF line, Reallocation line, UnitSize line, GapSize line and Pack line to control the positioning of thechannels. The effects of the Pack line are described below.
The Pack line is used to increase the efficiency of disc space usage. Dummy data may
be generated in the beginning, middle or end of the ISO file depending upon thespecifications of the BeginTimeF, UnitSize and GapSize lines. The Pack line can be
specified to generate an ISO file without these dummy data areas.
When a Pack line is not specified

Channel 1 file source definition:- BeginTimeF 00:00:05- UnitSize
2- GapSize
3•

Channel 2 file source definition:- BeginTimeF 00:00:07- UnitSize
2- GapSize
3

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The following describes how channels are positioned when a Pack line is not
specified. The example shows how channels are positioned when specifications
are as follows (with no Pack line).

The following results when the file sizes are 8 sectors.
Example:(2)

XXXXX1122X1122X1122X1122
X: dummy (gap) sector
numbers: channel numbers

When a Pack line is specified
When a Pack line is specified in the above example, the following results:
1122112211221122

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Example:An ISO file that was 24 sectors when a Pack line was not specified is thus compressed into 16 sectors when a Pack line is specified. Note, however, that thefollowing problems will occur.

SE• The file will no longer start at the time specified in the BeginTimeF line.
• The file will end before the time specified in the EndTimeF line.
• When a MinLength line is specified in the file definition line, the file area will become thatspecified size.

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

13

•

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To Fill in Gaps
When a Pack line is specified, the BeginTimeF and EndTimeF line specifications
are ignored. However, there may be occasions when the gaps produced by theabsence of a Pack line specification may be used intentionally. In such cases, use
the channel that specifies the Reallocation line. The example below shows achannel that specifies a Reallocation line (channel number 3, 7 sectors of data)that was added to the previous example where a Pack line was not specified.
In the channel 3 file source definitions:- BeginTimeF 00:00:01- UnitSize
1- GapSize
0

Example:X33331122311223112231122

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(3)

2.5 Specifying Relative T
ime
Positions on a disc can be specified in scripts using three types of relative positions.
• Relative extent time

• Relative file time

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• Relative session time

Each has a beginning (BeginTime) and ending (EndTime) specification. The relationships of the specified position and the actual position where data is located are shown
below.
(1) When BeginTime is specified

(2)

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BeginTime

When EndTime is specified

EndTime(3)

GA*The start position is set so that the file ends at EndTime.

When BeginTime, UnitSize and GapSize are specified
BeginTime

Gap

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Unit

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Gap

(4)

When EndTime, UnitSize and GapSize are specified

Gap
Unit

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EndTime*The file ends at EndTime.

Relative Session Time (BeginTimeS, EndTimeS)
This specifies the position of ISO files that are not file-interleaved. This specification is ignored if included in the definition of a file-interleaved ISO file. The
specified time starts the session at 00:00:00 and is expressed as(minutes:seconds:frames).

(6)

Relative Extent Time (BeginTimeE, EndTimeE)
This specifies the position of file-interleaved ISO files. It is used to indicate thepositional relationship between files that are interleaved. An error results if it isspecified anywhere other than the expansion file defined in the Extent line. The
specified time starts the extent at 00:00:00 and is expressed as(minutes:seconds:frames). To specify a position within a session, specify the
positions of all interleaved files in the parameter of the Extent line.

(7)

Relative File Time (BeginTimeF , EndTimeF)
This specifies the position of the file source within the ISO file. An error results
if it is specified anywhere other than in a file source definition. The specified
time starts the file at 00:00:00 and is expressed as (minutes:seconds:frames).
When defining a channel-interleaved ISO file, the position of the channel
within the ISO file can be determined by specifying BeginTimeF or EndTimeF in
the file source definition that configures the channel. This defines the relative
positions between channels. The start of the file source that configures thechannel becomes the starting position for the channel, and the end of the filesource becomes the end position of the channel.

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(5)

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

15

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2.6 The Relationship Between Sector Rates and Bit Rates
While the sector rate is defined by <SectorRate> in the file definition line and the bit
rate is defined in the <BitRate> of the MPEG stream. Their relationship was not
explained in the previous versions of the manual. The relationship between the two
is discussed below.
Any integer value can be defined as the sector rate, but there are two typical values:
75 sectors/second and 150 sectors/second. The bit rates that can be defined for thesetwo values (CD rate) are as follows.
• CD rate (75) = 75 x 2324 x 8 = 1,394,400 (bps)• CD rate (150) = 150 x 2324 x 8 = 2,788,800 (bps)2296 bytes
2279 bytes
2048 bytes
2324 bytes

nfi• MPEG video• MPEG audio• Data (FORM1)• Data (FORM2)

deThis bit rate is the maximum value of the sum of bit rates that can be stated between<File> and <EndFile>. If this bit rate sum is exceeded, the stream cannot be multiplexed.
When the disc format is based on CD-ROM XA, the data length per sector that canbe used in MPEG multiplexing differs from the type of data as follows:

CD rate ≥Co

Accordingly, the following conversion is required between the bit rate defined in
the keyword <BitRate> and the CD rate. If the current MPEG video bit rate isBR(MV), then the MPEG audio bit rate is BR(MA), the data (FORM1) bit rate is BR(F1)and the data (FORM2) bit rate is BR(F2). The relationship is as follows when thefour streams are multiplexed.
BR(MV) × 2324 BR(MA) × 2324 BR(F1) × 2324 BR(F2) × 2324
+
+
+
2296
2279
2048
2324

BR(MV) BR(MA) BR(F1) × 2324 + BR(F2)=++ 22962279
2048 

SE

GA

This relationship must always be maintained when the data is multiplexed. It is
verified during execution and an error is returned if the relationship does not hold.
Note also that a maximum of 10 streams can be MPEG multiplexed.

163.0 Supplementary Description of the Updateool
T VCDUTL.EXE

ntial

3.1 Introduction
This software modifies (updates) sections of existing CD images as DOS files. Partial modi
fication of an existing CD image is best accomplished by using the disc builder software to
rebuild the CD image, though it is a time-consuming and inefficient process. This softwareis intended to quickly modify CD images without having to return to the disc rebuild
process.

Example 5de

3.2 Revisions to the Main Manual
Some parts of the explanation given on page 23 of the main manual are incorrect.
The underlined portions below are the revisions.
C:/>VCDUTL∆TSTGAME∆ISOFILE.DDD∆DOSFILE.D01∆
DOSFILE.D02∆-f∆TSTGAME.PAT[ENTER]

Result 5nfi

In this example the DOS file called DOSFILE.D01 (in the ISO9660 file called ISO1FILE.DDD
included in the CD image created by TSTGAME) is replaced with the DOS file called
DOSFILE.D02.
An update data file called TSTGAME.PAT is created.

:::

C:/>VCDEMU∆TSTGAME∆-u∆TSTGAME.PAT[ENTER]

Co

Example 7

The underlined portions of the text below from page 65 in the main manual have also
been revised.
Example:GA

VCDUTL∆TSTGAME∆ISO1FILE.DDD∆DOSFILE.D01∆DOSFILE.D02∆[f∆TSTGAME.PAT][ENTER]VCDUTLTSTGAME
ISO1FILE.DDD
DOSFILE.D01
DOSFILE.D02

Runs VCDUTL.
Project name used to create the CD image that is being updated
ISO file name that contains the DOS file to be updated.
The name of the DOS file to be updated.
Replacment DOS file name.

SE

Options-f Option
TSTGAME.PAT is the name of the update data file (may be user specified) for DOS filereplacement.
When this option is specified, the CD image itself will not be updated. This update data
file will be used during emulation.

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

17

If this option is not used, the CD image itself will be updated without the update data
file being output.

nti
al

:
:

3.3 Example of Executing a Partial Update
Sample Script; test1.scr;
Disc“.¥test1.dsk”
Session
SEMIXA
LeadIn
MODE1
EndLeadIn
Track
MODE1
VolumeEndVolume
PostGap 75

Co

MODE1
PreGap150
File ISOF_1.DAT;1;ISO filename
FileSource “pat_7.dat”
EndFileSource↓
EndFileThis DOS file is replaced
PostGap 75
with pat_1.dat

EndTrack
Track

CDDA
Pause 150
File CDDA1.DAT;1 ;ISO filename
FileSource “sound1.dat”
EndFileSource↓
EndFileThis DOS file is CDDA, therefore, itcannot be updated by VCDUTL.EXE Ver. 1.0.
CDDA

300

SE

GA

EndTrack
LeadOut
Empty
EndLeadOut
EndSession
EndDisc18

ISO9660 test1.pvd ;Not an ISO filename
PrimaryVolume
0:02:16
EndPrimaryVolume

nfi

EndTrack
Track

de

(1)

(2)

Executing Partial Updatesntial

To replace the DOS file pat_7.dat in the ISO file (ISOF1.DAT;1) that comprises thedisc image (test1.dsk) of project file test1 with DOS file pat_1.dat, enter the following. Note that the ISO file name must be specified in upper-case English.
Correct:

VCDUTL

test1

ISOF1_1.DAT;1

pat_7.dat

pat_1.dat

Incorrect:

VCDUTL

test1

TEST1.PVD

pat_7.dat

pat_1.dat

Note:

VCDUTL.EXEdoes not directly update the volume descriptor set (test1.pvd).

VCDEMU test1

deWhen this results in a pat_1.dat file size that is equal to or smaller than pat_7.dat,
the pat_7.dat section of the disc image is replaced by pat_1.dat. To execute realtime mode emulation, enter:
When the -f option is added, the update data file is created without updating thedisc image.
VCDUTL test1 ISOF1_1.DAT;1

pat_7.dat

pat_1.dat-f test1.pat

VCDEMU test1 -u

When,

test1.pat

Co

VCDEMU test1

nfi

The update information file test1.pat is created as a result. To run emulation, add
the -u option and startup the VCD emulator. To execute a direct DOS access modeemulation, enter:SEGA

is entered alone, note that the pre-existing disc image test1.dsk will be used in thereal-time mode emulation.

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

19

nti
al

4.0 Byte Swap Tool SWAP.EXE
4.1 Introduction
This software is a tool for converting data between Motorola and Intel endian formats. The CD-DA data file accepted by the Virtual CD system must be in Intel's little
endian format. When the CD-DA data file is in Motorola's big endian format, convert it using this tool.
4.2 Usage

SWAP
Performs byte swap
Converts the byte order of the specified DOS file and creates a new DOS file.
SWAP [-option]
Oldfilename Newfilename
Oldfilename: the name of the DOS file to be byte-swapped.
Newfilename: the DOS file created as a result of the byte-swap-option: option settings

nfi

displays the usage method

SE

GA

Co

-v:

de

Command:Command name:
Function:
Format:Description:

20

Table 1: Script Keywords (1)nti
al

5.0 Script Keywords

KeywordParameter

Description

AbstractFileIdentifier

Filename

Specifies the root level file of the primary volume that
includes the abstract information.

ApplicationUse

Filename
Identifier
Attributes

Specifies MS-DOS file for the application use field data.

ApplicationIdentifier
Attributes

Specifies application identifier.

Specifies the directory record attributes.

Records EOR (End Of Record) in Subheader of sector
that contains the final byte of the file. Added
automatically to MPEG source definitions, so no
declaration is required.

de

AutoEOR

Relative
position
Relative
position
Relative
position

BeginTimeE
BeginTimeF

Position where to start placing file source.
Start position on disc where a file or channel-interleaved
file is located; the relative time from the start of thesession.

nfi

BeginTimeS

Start position on disc where a file is located within
extent; the relative time from the start of the extent.

BibliographicFile
Identifier

Filename

Specifies the root level file of the primary volume that
includes the bibliographic information.

BitRateBit rate[sequence#]
Identifier

MPEG data bit rate

BootRecord

BootSystemIdentifier
CatalogNo

Specifies boot identifier of boot record.

Co

BootIdentifier

Specifies the bit nth in MPEG data; default is 0.

Start of boot record.

Relative
position
Identifier

Position on disc where boot record is recorded.
Specifies boot system identifier of boot record.
Specifies the disc catalog number.

Catalog #Channel #ASCII numeric character string of 13 digits or fewer.
Specifies the number of channels, either 2 or 4, used for
CD-DA.

Copy# ofchannels
Codinginformation
SwitchCopyrightFileIdentifier

Filename

Specifies the root level file of primary volume that
includes the copyright message.

DataPreparerIdentifier

Identifier
Mode 2form

Specifies data preparer identifier.

Variable
name
Value

Macro definition character string.

ChannelGA

Channels
CodingInformation

DataType

SE

DefineStart of channel definition, 0∼250.

States the coding information in BCD.
Specifies copy protection, either TRUE or FALSE, used
for CD-DA.

Specifies form for mode 2 (FORM1 or FORM2)
Defines variable for a given value (macro definition).

Character string to be defined.

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

21

Keyword

Parameter

Description

Directory

Directory
nameStart of directory definition.
Start of disc definition.

Disc

Empty

nti
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Table 2: Script Keywords (2)Filename

Name of file that outputs the disc image.

# of blocks

Indicates the output of null data (0x00) for lead-in andlead-out.
End of boot record.

EndChannel

End of channel definition.

EndDirectory

End of directory definition.

EndDiscEnd of disc definition.

EndExtent

End of file-interleave definition.

EndFileEnd of file definition.

EndFileInterleave

End of specification of files to be interleaved.

EndFileSource

End of specification of MS-DOS files contained in an
ISO9660 file.

EndLeadIn

End of lead-in area definition for the session.

EndLeadOut

End of lead-out area definition for the session.

EndMpegMultiplex

End of ISO11172 stream definition.

EndMpegStream

End of MPEG stream definition.

EndPrimaryVolume

End of primary volume descriptor.

nfi

End of supplementary volume descriptor.

EndSupplementary
VolumeRelative
position

EndTimeF

Relative
position

EndTimeS

Relative
position

Eors

End position of file source.

End position on disc where file or channel-interleaved
file is located; the relative time from the end of thesession.
End of track definition.
End of volume descriptor set definition.

Position in
fileSpecifies EOR (End Of Record) position.

Kanji code

Specifications of characters used in supplementaryvolume descriptor, directory code, and path table. Only
SHIFT-JIS is valid.

SE

EscapeSequences

22

End position on disc where file is located within extent;
the relative time from the start of the extent.

GA

EndTimeE

EndVolumeCo
End of session.

EndSession

EndTrackde

EndBootRecord

Keyword

Parameter

DescriptionntialTable 3: Script Keywords (3)Start of file-interleave definition.

Extent[Relative
position]

Position on the disc where interleave results are placed.
Start of file definition.

File
Filename

ISO9660 file name.

[Output file]

Name of file that outputs file definition results.
Start of the specification of the interleave file.

FileInterleave

Unit in which to consecutively place the same files(number of sectors).

Gap size

Sectors occupied by different types of files

FileSource

Input
filename

Specification of MS-DOS files used as source toconstruct an ISO9660 file.

FileNoFile #

ID number of interleaved files, 1∼ 255.

GapSizeGap size

Specifies the number of sectors occupied by different
types of files during channel interleave.

Filename

Track type

Co
Track type

MpegMultiplex

CDDA

Defines logical block size of volume.

Size512, 1024 or 2048

# of bytes or
sectors

Specifies the minimum number of bytes or sectors of thedirectory record.
Add 16 KB of "0" data to MPEG video stream.
Starts definition of ISO11172 stream.

GA[Output
filename]

MpegStream

File that outputs the results of multiplexing.
Starts definition of MPEG stream.

Sourcefilename

MPEG compressed data, MS-DOS file.

Data type

AUDIO, VIDEO or DATA

OffsetSE

MODE1

Lead-out area definition for the session.

LeadOut

MpegFlush

Name of another file that has a script declaration.
Lead-in area definition for the session.

LeadInMinLength

nfi

Inputs script file and replaces it with this command line.

IncludeLogicalBlockSize

deUnit size

Specifies the section of an input file to be input.

Input position

Specifies the read start position within the file

Input length

Read size

OptionalLPath

Executes write out of optional LPath table.

OptionalMPath

Executes write out of optional MPath table.

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

23

Script Keywords (4)KeywordParameter

DescriptionntialTable 4

Specifies packing after channel-interleaving.

Pack
Pause

# of blocks

Specifies the number of blocks paused at the beginningof the CD-DA track.

PostGap# of blocks

Specifies the number of blocks of PostGap information
recorded at the end of MODE1 and MODE2 tracks.

Preemphasis

SwitchSpecifies the preemphasis bit value of the Q subcode
channel, either TRUE or FALSE, used with CD-DA.

PreGap# of blocks

Specifies the number of blocks of PreGap data recordedat the beginning of MODE1 and MODE2 tracks.

PublisherIdentifierdeStart of primary volume descriptor.

Primary Volume
Relative
position

Position on disc where primary volume descriptor isrecorded.

Identifier

Specifies publisher identifier.

When there is already another file specified in thelocation where the file is to be located, the previously
specified file is avoided and reallocation occurs.

RealTime

Indicates that file source is a real-time file. In MPEG
source definitions, no declaration is needed when thedata type specified in the MpegStream line is AUDIO or
VIDEO since files are automatically real-time files.

nfi

Reallocation

Date

Date on which directory record was created.

SameName

D+ identifier

Indicates the directory name and filename identified in
the supplementary volume descriptor.

SectorRate[Sector rate]

Disc type

SubHeader
SubSource

Name of file that outputs the disc image (can beomitted).

File source
type

Data type of file source. MONO_A, MONO_B, MONO_C,
STEREO_A, STEREO_B, STEREO_C, AUDIO, CDDA,
ISO11172, MPEG_VIDEO, VIDEO, or DATA

# of blocks

Directs output of null data to subcode area
Subheader already added to file data

Input
filename

SE

SupplementaryVolume

Relative
position

24

CDROM or SEMIXAGA[Filename]SubEmpty

Specifies the number of sectors transferred per second
during channel-interleaving may be a positive integer
between 1 and 65535. The default value is 150.
Start of session

SessionSourceType

Co

RecordingDate

Specifies MS-DOS file where subcode is placed.
Start of supplementary volume descriptor.
Position on disc where supplementary volume descriptor
is to be recorded.

Keyword

Parameter

Description

Specifies whether each user class recorded in the
directory system information has execution
authorization.

SysExecuteAttributes

Owner
attribute

OWNER or NOTOWNER

Group
attribute

GROUP or NOTGROUP

World
attributeWORLD or NOTWORLD

NumberstringSpecifies the owner ID recorded in the directory system
information.

deSysOwnerID

Specifies whether each user class recorded in the
directory system information has read authorization.

SysReadAttributes

Group
attributeWorldattribute

Identifier
name

Specifies the MS-DOS data file for the system area.
Defines system identifier name.
Start of track definition.

Track type

CDDA, MODE0, MODE1 or MODE2

Position in
fileSpecifies where trigger is applied.

Unit size

Specifies size of unit in which the same channel isplaced consecutively (number of sectors) in channelinterleaving.

GA

UnitSizeWORLD or NOTWORLDCo

Filename

Trigger

GROUP or NOTGROUP

Defines the system area of the ISO9660 volume.

SystemArea

Track

OWNER or NOTOWNER

nfi

Owner
attribute

SystemIdentifierntialTable 5: Script Keywords (5)VolumeStart of volume descriptor set definition.
Only valid for ISO9660

Filename

Name of output file of volume descriptor set.

VolumeCreationDate

Date

Specifies the creation date.

VolumeEffectiveDate

Date

Specifies the effective date of the volume.

VolumeExpirationDate

Date

Expiration date of the volume.

VolumeIdentifier

Identifier

Defines volume identifier .

SE

Volume type

VolumeModificationDate Date
VolumeSetIdentifier

Identifier

Specifies the date of the most recent volume
modification.
Defines volume set identifier.

Virtual CD System Supplementary Manual Ver. 1.0

25

nti
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Index
BitRate ......................................................................................................................... 6, 16Case sensitivity .................................................................................................................. 5

Channel numbers ............................................................................................................. 13
Channel-interleaving .............................................................................................. 6, 13, 24

Disc builder program .......................................................................................................... 4
Fast-forward scan replay.................................................................................................... 4File source types ................................................................................................................ 6deIndexes, number of ............................................................................................................ 4

ISO9660 file name ..................................................................................... 5, 17, 22, 23, 25
MpegFlush command ......................................................................................................... 7
New options ....................................................................................................................... 3
Pack line..................................................................................................................... 13, 14

nfi

Relative Extent time ......................................................................................................... 15
Relative File time .............................................................................................................. 15
Relative position parameters .............................................................................................. 5
Relative Session time ....................................................................................................... 15

Co

Reverse scan replay .......................................................................................................... 4
Scripts .......................................................................................................................... 8, 14
Sector rate .................................................................................................................. 16, 24
Sector rate parameters ...................................................................................................... 6
SWAP ............................................................................................................................... 20
Tracks, number of .............................................................................................................. 4
Unsupported keywords ...................................................................................................... 5SE

GA

Version numbers ................................................................................................................ 526