IEA Technology Collaboration Programme on
Heat Pumping Technologies (HPT TCP)

Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment of Heat Pumping Technologies
www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Member Country Report 2023
Germany
The HPT TCP is part of a network of autonomous collaborative partnerships focused on a wide range of energy technologies known as Technology Collaboration
Programmes or TCPs. The TCPs are organised under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA), but the TCPs are functionally and legally autonomous.
Views, findings and publications of the HPT TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or its individual member countries.

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org
MCR Germany 14.3.23

AgendaGeneral

Source: Facts•• Market• Policy• R&D• Summary

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

General• Germany is a federation. The federation and the 16•

The Bundestag is Germany's federal parliament and the defacto lower house of the federal legislature, the Bundesrat(Federal Council), which represents the states at the federal
level, is the de facto upper house

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Source: Facts

Länder (states) each have areas of responsibility of their own

First and foremost, federalism offers• protection
Germany isagainst
a federation.
federation
the 16
one Thepersonor andparty
Länder (states) each have areas of responsibility of their own
having too much power.
• The Bundestag is Germany's federal parliament and the deThis
becauseshared.theIt Bundesrat
also
factoislower
house ofpower
the federalislegislature,(FederalCouncil),thewhichchance
representsto
thereact
states atmore
the federal
gives
politics
to level, is the de facto upperhouse
regional
problems and opportunities. Italso gives citizens a better chance to havea voice.

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Source: Facts

GeneralGeneral• Germany is a federation. The federation and the 16• 84.3 mio. inhabitants (Q3 2022)• 40.974 mio. households•(2021 DESTATIS)

41.7 % 1-person 33.5 % 2-persons 11.8 % 3-persons 9.5 % 4-persons 3.5 % 5+ persons
More than 50 % of people live in rented accommodation, this is the highest level on an EUcomparison
www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

Source: Facts• 357,588 km²

DESTATIS

Länder (states) each have areas of responsibility of theirown10 neighbouring countries

Germany

Source: Facts

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

General• Germany enjoys a moderate climate. In July, the mean temperature is 18.3 °C,and in January 0.6 °C (2021). The most recent winters in Germany wereparticularly mild, and the summers particularly hot. With a mean temperatureof 10.5 °C, 2018 was the warmest year since records began.
• Germany is the most populous country in the EU and one of the most densely
populated; around 77 % of its inhabitants live in densely and highly populatedareas. Around 30 % of the population resides in major cities with more than
100,000 inhabitants, of which there are 80 in Germany, four with more than
one million inhabitants, Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne.
Source: Facts
MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

GeneralHeating energy for a cosy home
The 10-year overview
shows that there is aclear trend towards
renewables, with heatpumps and district
heating each gaining
10 % and natural
gas/biomethane losing
roughly 15 % over thelast decade.
Source: BDH
Source: BMWK BDEWMCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

AgendaSource: bwp• General•

Market• Policy• R&D• Summary

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Sales of heat pumps

Air-Water

Ground-coupled

Source: bwp

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Sales of domestic hot water heat pumps

Source: bwp
MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

House-building permission# authorized new buildings

gas
misc.
heat pumps

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

Source: bwp

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Total Sales of heat pumps
Domestic hot water
Ground water
Ground coupled

AirSource: bwp

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Heat pumps sold per 1,000 households in 2022 Link

Source: EHPAMCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Heating systems soldbioHPsoilgas

Source: bwp

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Total amount of central heat generators 2021

Source: BDH

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Efficiency structure of installed heating systems 2021
Only 21 % of the21.3 million heatgenerators areefficient and use
renewable energy

Source: BDH

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Market: Development heat pumps in Germany

Source:Federation of German Heating Industry (BDH) /German Heat Pump Association (BWP)MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Roadmap Dekarbonisierung

AgendaStrategies• GeneralLeitpapier• Market

Climate change act•

Policy• R&D• Summary

BundesförderungGreen Deal
Impulse paper

Förderprogramm
Climate protection act
Energiepreisreform

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Policy• Climate Change Act 2020 2021 (amendment) Link
• The German government’s Climate Action Programme 2030 Link
• Germany is to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 65 % of the1990 levels by 2030
• Since the start of 2020, a government scheme has rewarded
property owners replacing older oil-fired central heating• "From 2024, solar systems should be installed on every new roof,
if possible, at least on every commercial, every new heating systemshould be powered by at least 65 % renewable energy, ..."MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

PolicyHeat pump roll-out• Broad stakeholder alliance* agrees on
key principles to speed up the roll-outof heat pumps Link
• Two virtual heat pump summits in Juneand November 2022 hosted by ViceChancellor and Federal Minister for
Economic Affairs and Climate Action
Robert Habeck and Federal Building
Minister Klara Geywitz.
* Involvement of the whole industry
MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Summit with industry representatives: R. Habeck wants 500,000 new heat pumps a year.

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Grants for "Heating with Renewable Energy"
Heating system

Building Stock
Subsidyrate

Subsidy rate/bonus
Replacement oil heating

1. Heat pump system

25-30 %

35-40 %

2. Solar collector system

25 %-3. Biomass system

10 %

20 %

Photovoltaic:
MCR Germany 14.3.2023

2023 no Valued Added Tax 19%
www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

PolicyBusiness associations:
BDH, BDEW, BWP, BVF, B.KWK, Geothermie, FGK, BTGA, VDMA,ZVEI, ZVSHK ...
Technical societies:
DKV, FKT, IZW, VDI, VDE ...

MCR Germany 14.3.2023This paper is not intended
to be complete or definitive.

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

BDH Portrait of the Federation of German Heating Industry

The German heating industry occupies
a world-leading technological position
Source: BDH

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

BDH: Heat Generators

Source: BDH

Gas condensing technology: Modern gas condensing boilers are highly efficient and can make a decisive contribution
to reducing your private energy consumption. Read more
Oil condensing technology: Modern oil fired condensing boilers make heating more environmentally friendly andefficient. Read more

Heat pumps: With a heat pump you can use the environmental heat that is present in the soil, in the ground-water andin the air for heating or cooling. Read more
Hybrid Heat Pumps: Hybrid HPs are suitable for use in new buildings as well as in existing buildings. Read more
Solar thermal energy: With a solar thermal system, sunlight is converted into heat. This can be used for heating and
DHW heating. Read more
Heat from wood: Wood is a renewable resource that absorbs about as much CO2 as it releases when burning. Read more
Cogeneration of heat and power (CHP): Heating which generates electricity, also known as decentralised CHP(cogeneration of heat and power), on the other hand, generates both electricity and heat at the same time. Read more
MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Agenda• GeneralSource: Facts• Market• Policy•

R&D• Summary

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Research• The German government is aiming for a climate-neutral building stock by
2045. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to reduce the heat demandon the one hand and to achieve a climate-neutral heat supply on the other.

• The German government is therefore funding projects in the areas ofresearch, development and demonstration as a part e.g. of the 7th Energy
Research Program. Link
Report 2022 Report 2021 Report 2020 Report 2019

Source: BMWKMCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Research• Between 2017 and 2021, research projects related to heat pumps and refrigeration technology were funded by the BMWK with more than 300 mio Euro.
(Development- integration in grids, in buildings, in processes…)• In the past few years, development has focused mainly on HPs for buildings
and the main areas of development are refrigerants, components, integrationand demonstration. In recent years, the number of projects addressing heatpumps for industrial applications or district heating has also been increasing• Currently, important topics are the use of low-GWP refrigerants, the reductionof refrigerant charge, the acoustics of heat pumps, and high-temperature heat
Source: BMWKpumps
MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Research• In addition, a major project on the topic of heat pumps in district heating
networks "Reallabor GWP" has been started as of 01.04.2021.
The Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action is funding thisproject with 21 million €.
LinkSource: BMWKMCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

R&D• A large number of universities, research institutes and industrial companies are working
on heat pump technologies in Germany.
• In particular, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, the Technical
University of Dresden and the E.ON Energy Research Center at RWTH Aachen University
on the research side and Vaillant, Viessmann, Stiebel Eltron, and Bosch-Thermotechnikon the industry side are to be mentioned.
• New Institutes for large energy systems:
German Aerospace Center’s (DLR) Institute of Low-Carbon Industrial Processes
Fraunhofer Research Institution for Energy Infrastructures and Geothermal Systems (IEG)
This paper is not intended
to be complete or definitive.
MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Summary• The heat pump has now arrived in politics after many lost decades• Heat pumps as heating systems are dominant in new build• There is further a great potential in the building stock• A government scheme rewards property owners replacing older oil-fired
central heating• Air to water heat pumps have ~90 % market share• Great potential also in commercial + industrial applications• High electricity prices in comparison to gas and oil are a strong barrier for HPs
The energy crisis has almost doubled electricity prices again
MCR Germany 14.3.2023

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Sources•

Facts about Germany•

DESTATIS https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Households-Families/_node.html Status 2021

•BDH

https://www.bdh-industrie.de/en/•bwp

https://www.waermepumpe.de/•Bafahttps://www.bafa.de/EN/Energy/energy.html•

Federal Government https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/issues/climate-action

•

BMWK

7th Energy Research Programme

•

BMWK

https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/EN/Dossier/energy-transition.html•Fraunhofer ISE https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en.html

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

https://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/enThis paper is not intended to becomplete or definitive.

www.heatpumpingtechnologies.org

Many thanks for your attention
Any questions?

Contact:

MCR Germany 14.3.2023

CommentsSuggestions

Dr. Rainer M. Jakobs Alternate delegate for Germany in the ExCo
Jakobs @izw-online.dewww.heatpumpingtechnologies.org