Emergency
P. 176

Sanitation
P. 198Life
P. 206

Confirm Safety
P. 226174

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Survival Tips
In the event of a disaster, water supply, gas andpower lines may all come to a stop. You will be
unable to get your hands on almost all the things
you need for daily life. You will have to live for about
three days to one week on just limited resources.
In this chapter, we have collected various types ofknowledge and ingenuity that will be useful whena disaster occurs, and use illustrations to explainthem in an easy-to-understand manner. Why notalso take up the challenge of holding a practicalworkshop as explained at the end of the chapter?

4

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Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)
1

3

Check for breathing
Closely observe the movements of theperson’s chest and abdomen, and confirm
within 10 seconds if his breathing isirregular. When there is no movement of
the chest or abdomen, you can determinethat the person is not breathing normally,
and then begin chest compressions.

176

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5

Artificial respiration
Lift the person’s chin to open the airway,
and use the thumb and forefinger ofyour hand placed on his forehead topinch his nose. Using a mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation mouthpiece*, cover themouth so no air leaks, and breathe in forabout 1 second. Check to see that hischest rises when you do so.

Request cooperation fromothers around you
If there is no response, request thecooperation of people nearby by calling out
in a large voice, “Someone, please come!
There’s a person here who needs help!”
In addition, if the situation is safe, request
someone to bring an AED (automatic
external defibrillator) and give first aid.

Chest compression
Place your hands on the center of theperson’s chest, and press the chest down
at least 5 centimeters for an adult. Do
about 100 compressions per minute.
When you are conducting both chest
compressions and artificial respiration,
conduct cycles of 30 chest compressions
and 2 breaths.

Check to see if the person isconscious
In the event of a disaster, ambulances
will probably be late in arriving. If you
find a person who has collapsed, gently
tap him on the shoulder and ask loudly,“Are you OK?” Check to see if heresponds, can move his hands and feet, if
he is in pain from injuries, and whether
he is conscious or not.

2

4

6

4

AED
Press the power button of the AED.
Apply the electrode pads to his chest, andif a shock is needed the AED will informyou with a voice prompt. Stand clear of
the person and push the AED’s button.
Follow the device’s instruction and
immediately resume chest compressions.

* The risk of infection is said to be extremely low even when a mouthpiece is not used, however,from the perspective of preventing infection, it would be safer to use one.

177

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Stop Bleeding

Direct pressure to stop
bleeding

Arterial bleeding

Venous bleeding

Blood spurts out

Constant flow of blood

Directly apply sterile gauze or a clean
cloth to the bleeding and compress
strongly with your hand or a bandage.
The size of the cloth should be large
enough to completely cover the wound.
In order to prevent infection, always wear
rubber gloves or use a plastic bag, and be
careful to not come in contact with theblood.

Indirect pressure tostop bleeding

Capillary bleeding
Blood oozes out slowly

Severe bleeding can be life threatening
The total amount of blood in the human body makes up about 7 to 8 percent of thebody’s weight, and losing one-third of this blood can be life threatening. Arterial
bleeding with bright red spurts of blood must be stopped immediately. Bleeding fromcapillary veins will, in most cases, stop naturally.
Details → p. 263

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4

When it is difficult to stop the bleeding
through the direct pressure method, try
indirect pressure. Temporarily stop theflow of blood by pressing down on theartery between the injury and the heart,compressing it against the bone. For
bleeding from the lower portion of thearm, use your thumb to strongly press theartery at the center of the inner side of theupper arm. For leg bleeding, straighten
the bleeding leg and strongly press downat the groin using your fist.

179

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First-Aid for Fractures andSprains

First-Aid for Cuts

Materials

Cloth, bandages, water, sterile gauze

12

Prepare large pieces of cloth or bandages
that can cover the wound.

If the wound has dirt or other debris,
wash clean with water.

3

4

If the wound is bleeding, protect thewound by applying sterile gauze, etc.

Wrap a bandage.

Secure with a splint
Try not to move the part that has been broken and is painful. Prepare something thatcan serve as a splint to support the broken bone, and immobilize the injury by binding
the splint and the joints on both sides of the fracture with a cloth, etc.

4

Triangular bandage
A triangular bandage can be used on any part of the body, and scarves,
furoshiki, and large handkerchiefs can also serve as triangular bandages. Use itafter rinsing the wound clean with water and applying a sterile gauze, etc. Do
not tie the knot right over the wound.

1 80150625_4-en.indd 180-181

181

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Lighten the Burden of the
Injured and Ill

First-Aid for Burns

Cool minor burns withwater
If the burn covers less than 10 percentof the body (the area of the palm of
your hand is about 1 percent of the bodysurface), as soon as possible, cool withclean water for over 15 minutes until thepain eases.
Details → p. 262

Loosen clothing
Place the person in a comfortable position, ask if he is in pain, and if he wishes, gently
loosen his clothes, belt, and other constricting items.

4

Important points
Since tap water cannot be used when the water supply is cut off, use water froma plastic bottle, etc. When tap water can be used, run cool water over the burnfor 15 to 20 minutes. Follow the points below when treating the burn.
- If the person is wearing clothes over the burn, do not remove, and cool overthe clothes.
- When the burn covers a wide area, take care to not overly cool the body.
- Take care not to break blisters.
- Do not use medicine.

Maintain body temperature
If the person has the chills, a low body temperature, is pale, or has broken into a cold
sweat, prevent heat loss by covering him with clothes, a blanket, etc.
Details → p. 194

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183

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Safely Positioning the Injured
or IllThe basic position is laying face up
Laying the person on his back on a level place is the basic position to take. It is the most stable
and relaxing position.

When there is abdominal pain or
an injury to the abdomen

When breathing is labored or
there are chest pains

Raise the upper body with cushions, etc., andalso place cushions under the knees to bendthem.

Put the person in a sitting position withhis legs extended and place cushions, etc.,
between his legs and chest to support his
upper body.

4
When the person is vomiting or has an injury to the backIs breathing but unconscious

Lay the person on his stomach, facing one side. Take care that he does not choke on
his vomit.

To secure an airway, place the person on his side with his top leg bent at a right angle
at the knee.

When there is a head injury and breathing is laboredHeat stroke, anemia, hemorrhagic shock

Lay the person on his back and use cushions, etc., to lift the upper body.

Lay the person face up and place cushions under his feet to lift the legs up about 15 to 30
centimeters.

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185

2015-08-28 오후 7:12:18

Transporting the Injured or Ill

Bandage Substitutes

Materials

Carrying on your backGauze, tights

1

2

Use tights as a substitute for a bandage.
First, place gauze, etc., over the wound
and then cover with the body portion of
the tights.

Wind the leg portion of the tights around thehead and tie the ends. If this is washed andkept clean, it can be used repeatedly.

Lean the person on your back and catch
his legs by passing your hands under hisknees, and hold both of his arms firmly.
This is not suited to injured people whohave disorders of consciousness, brokenbones, or internal injuries.

4

Other items that can substitute for bandages

Using a stretcher, etc.

Bandanna

Curtains

Handkerchief

Underwear

Tenugui towels

Disposable diapers

Necktie

Sanitary napkins

Towel

Plastic wrap

*only items that are clean

When carrying a person on a stretcher, have his legs point forward and try to avoid
shaking the stretcher or causing it to vibrate. This is very important to prevent thecondition of the victim from worsening. If there is no stretcher, it would be possible touse a strong plank, etc., instead.

1 86

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187

2015-08-28 오후 7:12:26

How to Use the Fire
Extinguisher
1

2

How to Use the Indoor Fire
Hose
Note

The No. 1 model fire hose is to be manned by more than one person. Here it isassumed that there are two people.

1

2

Press the start button. When the red
light starts to blink, the pump will begin
operating.

Open the cabinet and extend the hose.

First response firefighting is very
important in a disaster. When using a fire
extinguisher, first confirm the source offire. Stand so the exit is behind you.

Remove the safety pin on the top of theextinguisher.

3

4

3

4

Hold the nozzle and aim it at the flame.

Squeeze the handle and spray the agent
directly on the source of fire. If theflames reach the ceiling, stop trying to
extinguish the fire and evacuate.

The other person opens the valve.

Aim the nozzle at the source of the fireand spray water.

1 88

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4189

2015-08-28 오후 7:12:31

How to Use the Portable
Fire Pump

How to Use the Standpipe

NoteThis is a fire extinguishing tool that uses the fire hydrant or drain valve in the road.
Prior training is required to use it.

1

Note

This is to be manned by more than one person. Prior training is required to use it.

2

1

2

This is effective in places like narrowroads inaccessible by fire trucks.
First, insert the key, bend your knees
to take a low position, and lift the lid.

Join the standpipe to the water outlet.
Turn the spindle driver, and after
confirming that water is flowing, extend
the hose joined to the pipe.

This is a fire pump of a size that can be
carried by people. First, close the draincock and water hose outlet valve, andattach the suction pipe to the pump’s
water inlet.

Place the suction pipe in a fire cistern,pool, etc.

3

4

3

4

Join the hose to the nozzle. Insert it
firmly until you hear a noise.

Straighten the hose, and after signaling,
spray the water. Point the nozzle at thetarget, and hold it firmly at the height ofyour hip.

Start the pump, attach the hose to theoutlet, and extend the hose to the sourceof fire.

Spray water in the direction of the firesource.

1 90150625_4-en.indd 190-191

4191

2015-08-28 오후 7:12:38

Warm Yourself with
Newspapers
Make something to
wear
Newspapers can be useful when you
aren’t wearing enough to keep warm.
Place several layers of newspapers on
your shoulders, binding them at the front
with tape, etc.

Layer with socks
When your feet are cold, wrap newspaper
over your socks, and put on another pairof socks over them.

Other useful items- Fruit protection net- Handkerchief- Cardboard- Aluminum foil

- Bubble wrap

- Styrene foam

1 92150625_4-en.indd 192-193

Crumple newspaper into balls, placethem in a large plastic bag, and put yourfeet inside. It will be warmer if youloosely close the mouth of the bag.

Make a haramaki
belly warming band4

Yo u c a n a l s o w a r m y o u r b o d y b ywearing a belly band. Use two sheets ofnewspaper and plastic wrap. Fold thenewspaper in half and wrap around yourabdomen, and then wind plastic wrap on
top.

Use the effects of color to adjust your body temperature
To put on the floor:

To wear:- Plastic wrap

Use with a plastic bag

It is said that when people look at warm colors like red, their temperatures rise,
and when they see cool colors like blue, their temperatures drop. Try using
this effect in selecting your clothes or the color of partitions at the evacuation
center.

193

2015-08-28 오후 7:12:45

Adjust Your Body
Temperature
You can adjust your body temperature by heating or cooling the back of your neck,under your arms, and above your tailbone. Use this method to keep warm or prevent
heat stroke.

Warm/cool your neck
Wrap a muffler or towel around yourneck when you are cold. If you are hot,place an ice pack behind your neck andwrap a towel, etc.

Back of the neckJust wrapping a muffler around the pointon the back of your neck that improves
blood circulation will significantly help
maintain your body temperature. It would
also be effective to cool this point whenit’s hot.
Underarms

Warm/cool yourunderarms

Because there is a large artery near thesurface, warming or cooling this area will
have effects on your whole body.

Your whole body will be warmed if you
place a plastic bottle with hot water under
your arm. You should place cold packs
under your arms when it’s hot.

Above the tailbone

4

Adjusting the temperature above thetailbone is an easy way to adjust yourbody temperature.

Make a hot water bottle
Plastic bottle, water, hot water, funnel,
Materials
container such as a bucket, towel

Mix equal portions of tap water andboiling water to make lukewarm water
about 60 degrees Celsius. Pour this into astrong plastic bottle, and wrap in a towel
to prevent low-temperature burns.

1 94150625_4-en.indd 194-195

Warm the area above
your tailbone
Your whole body will be warmed if you
apply a body warmer to the area above
your tailbone. If you can obtain a body
warmer, you should first use it on this
area.

195

2015-08-28 오후 7:12:48

Protect Your Feet

Protect your feet andshoes from water
Materials Plastic bag, string

Prevent Dehydration

Materials Water, sugar, salt

4 tbsp. sugar

In a disaster-stricken area where itis difficult to walk, you will need toprotect your feet. To keep your shoes
from getting wet, cover each shoe witha plastic bag and tie it up with stringaround the ankles.

0.5 tsp. salt

Protect your feet andshoes from rubble
4

Materials Plastic bag, board, string

After placing plastic bags over your shoes
as explained above, place something hard
like a board under your shoes and tie itwith a string so it doesn’t loosen.

1 liter water
Why protect your feet?
In the event of a disaster it would be very important for you to not
injure yourself. The disaster-stricken area will be strewn with rubble,
have puddles of water, and will be harder to walk through than you canimagine. In order to prevent injury from nails and sharp materials, you
should learn in advance how to protect your feet.

1 96150625_4-en.indd 196-197

In order to prevent dehydration, it would be good to prepare an oral rehydration
solution, which has an absorption rate that is about 25 times higher than water. The
only things necessary are water, sugar and salt. Dissolve 4 tablespoons of sugar (about
40 grams) and 0.5 teaspoons of salt (about 4 grams) in 1 liter of water.

197

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How to Store Water

Store as drinking water
When storing water, fill tap water up to themouth of a clean container such as a plastic
bottle. If you store it away from direct
sunlight, it can be used as drinking water
for about three days. However, you will
have to change the water every day if thewater has passed through a water purifier
as this will have removed chlorine and its
disinfecting effects.

How to Carry Water

Items to carry water
easilyA polyethylene tank and carrying cart
will be convenient in carrying waterfrom a water supply point. Putting waterin plastic bottles and carrying them inbackpacks, etc., will also help when
walking over rough roads.

Using plastic bags andcardboard boxes
Materials Cardboard box, plastic bag, adhesive tapeStore as domesticwater
The bathtub at general households canhold about 180 liters of water. If water
is stored in the bathtub, it can be used
for domestic purposes such as laundry,
cleaning, toilets and sprinkling.

When you do not have a polyethylene tankor plastic bottles, spread a polyethylene bag
inside a cardboard box, and firmly reinforce
this by taping cloth adhesive tape on thebottom and sides before use.

4

Using plastic bags andfuroshiki wrapping cloth
Materials Plastic bag, furoshiki wrapping cloth

Place water in a plastic bag and tie themouth. Place this in the center of a furoshiki
wrapping cloth that has its adjacent corners
tied together. If two people each hold oneof the knots, the water can be easily carried.

1 98

150625_4-en.indd 198-199

199

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How to Use the Toilet When
Water Supply Is Cut Off
Western toilet
For a western toilet, if the toilet can be
flushed even though the water supply isinterrupted, you can do this by pouring
about a bucket of water into the toilet
bowl. Don’t flush urine every time, anddon’t flush down toilet paper but throw it
away as trash.

Japanese toilet
For a Japanese toilet, if the toilet can be
flushed even though the water supply isinterrupted, you can do this by pouring abucket of water all at once into the toilet
bowl while pressing down the flush lever.
Don’t flush down toilet paper but throw it
away as trash.

200

150625_4-en.indd 200-201

How to Make an Emergency
ToiletExisting toilet that
can't be flushed
Materials Plastic bags, newspaper

Lift the toilet seat, and cover the toilet
bowl with a plastic bag. Use a second
plastic bag to cover the toilet seat, andplace torn pieces of newspaper in thebag.

Portable emergency toilet
Materials

Large bucket (or cardboard box), plastic
bags, newspaper

4

Place two plastic bags inside the large
bucket or cardboard box, and place tornpieces of newspaper in the bag. Afterusing the toilet, remove the top plastic
bag and take it to a designated area.

201

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How to Make Emergency
Diapers

How to Make a Cloth Sanitary
NapkinMaterials Plastic supermarket bag, cotton cloth (or towel), scissors

Materials Towel handkerchief, tissue paper (or cloth)

1

2

1

2

Cut the top of the grip portion and bothsides of a large plastic supermarket bag,and open it. Fold a clean cotton cloth or
towel on top of this.

Lay the baby down with his bottom on
top of the cloth, and tie the upper grip
portions over his stomach.

Fold the two diagonal corners of a
towel handkerchief (a clean, cotton
towel handkerchief would be best) toa size that fits your underwear.

If tissue paper or cloth is available,
p u t s o m e i n s i d e . Yo u c a n r e s t
assured at night if the napkin isworn with the wider side in the
back.

3

4

4

Other items that can replace sanitary napkins

Lift the lower grip portions and passthem under the tie around the baby’s
stomach.

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150625_4-en.indd 202-203

Fold the surplus part of the bag down.

・ Wrap your underwear with plastic wrap.
・ Use folded pieces of toilet paper or tissue paper..
et・ If you have just one napkin left, place toilet
paper on top of it.
・ Use clean towels or cloth that can bethrown away after use.

203

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Keep Clean with Little Water

Make a Fly Trap

Materials Japanese sake, sugar, vinegar, plastic bottle, string, box cutter

Wipe your body with asmall amount of water

1

2

Place 70 cc of sake, 100 g of sugar, and 50
cc of vinegar in a plastic bottle, screw on thecap, and shake to mix.

Open about a 3cm hole in the upper halfof the bottle, and hang the bottle by astring under the eaves, from a laundry
pole, etc. Flies attracted by the smell will
go into the bottle and not be able to get
out.

no-rinse or non-residue
Materials Towel,soap

If you wipe your body with a towel using
a no-rinse or non-residue soap (can bepurchased at a drug store, etc.), you cankeep clean with little water.

Brush your teeth
without a toothbrushMaterials Gauze, tissue paper

Wrap a piece of gauze about 15x15cm large,or tissue paper around your finger, and scrub
your teeth until they feel clean. Also wipe
your gums and tongue, and then rinse yourmouth with water.

4

Why is a fly trap necessary?
It is predicted that there will be an outbreak of flies in the summer. In order tomaintain a sanitary environment not only at home, but at the evacuation centeror temporary housing as well, it is recommended that you get rid of flies bymaking a fly trap.

204

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205

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How to Make an Emergency
Lantern

Change the Size of theBattery

Use a plastic bag

Change an AA battery
into a C battery

white plastic bag,Materials Flashlight,
scissors

Materials AA battery, cloth, cellophane tape

Cover the flashlight with a white plastic
bag and tie the grip portion around it.
The light will gently spread through thewhole bag.

Cut cloth such as towels or handkerchiefs
to match the height of the AA battery,
and wrap it around the battery. When the
diameter becomes 2.6 cm, tape it withcellophane tape.

Change an AA battery
into a D battery
Use a plastic bottle
Materials

Materials

4

Flashlight, plastic bottle, water,
scissors

1

AA battery, cloth, aluminum foil,
cellophane tape

Cut cloth such as towels or handkerchiefs
to match the length of the AA battery,
and wrap it around the battery. When the
diameter becomes 3.4 cm, tape it withcellophane tape. Adjust the length of thebattery using crumpled aluminum foil.

2

Substitutes for aluminum foil
Anything that can pass an electric current can be used. If you don’t havealuminum foil, try using some other everyday item.
Cut an empty plastic bottle at a point about 5 cm
higher than the flashlight, and make cuts 1 to 2
cm long at four places along the rim.

206

150625_4-en.indd 206-207

Stand the flashlight inside the cut plastic
bottle, and on top of it place anotherplastic bottle containing water.

- Stack and tape together seven 1 yen coins- Stack and tape together seven 10 yen coins(Do not combine 1 yen and 10 yen coins.)

207

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How to Make Plates and Eating
Utensils
Make a plate from a plastic bottle

Materials Plastic bottle, box cutter, scissors

Make a dish from newspaper

Materials Newspaper, plastic bag

1

2

1

2

Use a box cutter to cut the top off of a2-liter plastic bottle. Be careful not to cut
your hands.

Cut the bottle along its length. The
bottom of the bottle will be too stiff to
cut with the box cutter, so use a large
pair of scissors.

Fold a newspaper into a triangle, andfold along the dotted line in the drawing
to make a cup with a bottom.

Place a plastic bag over the folded
newspaper and tie the bottom of thebag. This can be used as plate or acup.

Make a spoon from a milk carton

Materials Milk carton, scissors

Make a cup out of a plastic bottle

1

2

4

Cut off the top triangular portion of
the milk carton, and cut the carton
into four pieces by cutting along its
length down the center of each side.

208

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Fold the cut portion and cut along thedotted lines in the illustration, to make aspoon. By changing the angle of the cut,the depth of the spoon can be changed.

Materials

Plastic bottle, scissors (box cutter)1

2

Cut the upper portion of the plastic bottle
using a box cutter or scissors.

Make the cut edge as smooth as possible
to prevent injury.

209

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How to Make an Emergency
Cooking Stove
Materials Aluminum cans, aluminum foil, string, toothpicks, scissors, vegetable oil

14

Bend the aluminum foil with the wicks
into a triangle, and place this inside the
4 cm aluminum can. Place vegetable oil
inside and let the wicks absorb the oil.

5

Complete the cooking stove by evenly
spacing the 5 cm aluminum cans aroundthe 4 cm can.

T
Take
17 cm of aluminum foil, and foldthe sheet into four, and then fold boththssides to meet in the center.

2

Use a tooth pick to open holes in the foil
in a total of 6 places: two in the center,and two each at about 2 cm from the left
and right sides. Insert 10 cm long piecesof string, and set them to emerge about
3mm from the top of the aluminum foil.
If you don’t have any string, twisted
pieces of tissue paper can also be used.

4

6

3

Adjust the position of the 5 cm cans to fit
the size of the pot or pan.

Using a pair of sharp scissors, cut two
aluminum cans at points 5 cm from the
top and 4 cm from the bottom. Wearwork gloves when you cut the cans andbe careful. The 4 cm piece will be theburner and the 5 cm piece will be thetrivet where pots or pans are placed

21 0150625_4-en.indd 210-211

211

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Making Partitions

Materials Cardboard box, tape, scissors

How to Make a KnapsackMaterials Long pants, string (about 2 meters long)

1

2

1

2

Open up a sturdy cardboard box, and cut
so that the corner portion comes in thecenter of the left and right sides.

The resulting four portions will become thestands for cardboard box partitions.

Use the string to tie the bottom portionof the two legs of the pants. Tie thestring so that the two ends are equal inlength.

Fold the pants at around the knees, andpass the string through the belt loops.

3

4

3

Make triangular shapes out of these
portions and tape together at the top, tocreate the stands.

Insert other opened cardboard boxes(partitions) into the stands. The space
between the stands is adjusted to fit thesize of the partition box.

Make the leg portions the shoulder straps of the knapsack so it can be carried on your back.
Firmly tie the string that has been passed through the belt loop to prevent the contents fromspilling out.

21 2150625_4-en.indd 212-213

4213

2015-08-28 오후 7:13:33

How to Make Cushions andPillows

How to Make a Bed

Materials Large plastic sheets, cardboard boxes, polystyrene foam, newspaper

Make a cushion from aplastic bag
Materials Plastic bag, string

Fill one-third or one-half of a plastic
bag with air. The bag can be easily filledby raising the bag and quickly lowering
it. Adjust the amount of air to yourpreference, and close the mouth of thebag.
Newspaper

Polystyrene foam

Use a ball as a pillow
Cardboard box

Plastic sheet

4

Materials ball

If the evacuation center is a schoolor gymnasium, use the balls there as
pillows. Insert the inflator that is storedwith the balls into the ball’s hole.
Remove air until you achieve the height
preferred for use as a pillow.

Place the plastic sheet on the floor, and place cardboard boxes and polystyrene foam
on top of it. This will create a bed that is cushiony and has thermal insulation effects
for protection from cold coming from the floor. Cover with newspapers.

21 4150625_4-en.indd 214-215

215

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How to Tie Ropes

Clove
hitch

Used to tie a rope to a column or pole. It is good for knots in crafts and tying
small things.

1

Place the rope around the pole twice.
Tuck the first loop under the rope.

2

Pull the ends to firmly tighten the knot.

Squareknot

Can be used to extend the length of a rope by tying ropes of equal thickness
together, etc. Can also be used in tying triangular cloth.

1

2

Cross two ropes

Bring the ends together and cross again.

3

4

Pull tight and make sure the knot isn’tloose.

Use of ropes
If you have poles or rods and rope, you can make a clothes line that will be
useful at evacuation centers or emergency housing, or in making partitions toprotect your privacy.

21 6150625_4-en.indd 216-217

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Exercises for Evacuation Life

These are exercises that people living in evacuation centers or temporary housing can
do to help maintain or restore their physical and mental capabilities.
Joint circles and bends/extensions (3 minutes)
Stretch exercises (3 minutes)

1

2

Hands
overhead

5

Side extensions(left/right)

6

Chest
extension

21 8150625_4-en.indd 218-219

Lower backextension

3

4

Opening shoulder
bladesUpper body twist(left/right)

7

8

Leg stretch(left/right)

Calf/Achilles tendon(left/right)

1

2

3

4

Neck circles (rightand left, 4 times)

Wrist and ankle
circles (right and left,
5 times)

Knee circles (rightand left, 10 times)

Hip circles (rightand left, 10 times)

6

7

8

Leg/knee side extension(left/right)

Ground stamp(right and left,
10 times)

5

Knee bends(10 or more)

4

Wide squat(10 times)

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Children Playing

A major disaster will leave mental scars on both adults and children. But while children
may be smiling or quiet even when they are under great stress, it does not mean thatthey are okay. By playing, children will be able to reconfirm their feeling of safety, ridthemselves of the stress of evacuation life, and express feelings that they are hiding deep
inside (sorrow, anger, remorse, loneliness, etc.). If children can play well under the close
watch of supporters, they will be able to sense that they are controlling their feelings.
Devise ways for children to play that matches their age.

Physical activities

CraftsDodgeball, baseball using hands to hit theball, jump rope, etc.

Making things with origami, newspaper,clay, etc.

4Hand games (small children)

Rock-Paper-Scissors train

Do simple hand games like “head,shoulder, knees and toes” or handclapping games.

A rock-paper-scissors game that can be playedby many children. First, two children do rockpaper-scissors, the one who loses stands behind
the winner, and the winner does this withanother person, and so on, to form “trains.”

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Games that don t need props

Other

Quizzes, tag, hide-and-seek, red rover,freeze tag, statues, follow the leader, etc.

Reading picture books, playing withdolls (puppets), games such as shogi, go,cards, etc.

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Good Ways to Use Everyday
Items
Plastic Wrap

Newspapers

As a splint for fractures
Layer newspapers like a board and place
this on the broken bone up to the joints
on both sides.

Place in clothes for thermal
insulation
If newspapers are placed between yourunder and outer wear when it is cold, alayer of air will be formed to keep you
warm.

Use as a cover

Make playthings

If there are no blankets or comforters,
just covering yourself with newspapers
can make a big difference in keeping you
warm.

Crumple one sheet of newspaper into a ball, andlayer newspapers over this. Adjust the shapeand secure firmly with tape.

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Use to keep warm
Fold two newspapers and wrap around yourabdomen. Wind plastic wrap around this.
This will help retain body heat and keep you
warm.

Protect a wound after the
bleeding has been stopped
After stopping the bleeding, wind theplastic wrap around the wound. Plastic
wrap can effectively protect the woundbecause it is very airtight.

Attaching a splint

Cover dishes

Plastic wrap is effective in attaching a
splint, such as a rod or board, to a brokenbone. Thoroughly wind the plastic wrap
to keep the splint from moving.

When water supply is interrupted, it isdifficult to wash dishes. If food is placedon dishes that have been covered withplastic wrap, you will not have to washthe dishes.

4

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Plastic Bags

Large handkerchief

Protect yourself from infection

Transport water in a hygienic way

As a mask

Attaching a splint

In order to prevent infection from treating
a wound, it is important to avoid touchingblood by using rubber gloves, etc. A clean
plastic bag can also be used.

If you don’t have a clean plastic tank orplastic bottle, water can be transported ina hygienic way by covering a container
with a plastic bag.

Dust is expected to fly during a disaster.
Make a simple mask by covering
your nose and mouth with a large
handkerchief.

A large handkerchief is effective inattaching a splint, such as a rod or board,
to a broken bone. Tie in several places tokeep the splint from moving.

For the toilet

As an arm sling

Stop bleeding

When you can’t use the toilet because the watersupply is interrupted, use plastic bags filled withnewspaper.
Refer → p. 201

After attaching a splint to a broken arm,
an arm sling, using a triangular cloth,should be used to immobilize the arm. A
handkerchief can be used in place of thetriangular cloth.

When bleeding from an artery, use
as a compression bandage to stop the
bleeding.
Refer → p. 179

4

Cover dishes
If you cover dishes you can reduce thenumber of items that need to be washed.
You will also run out of paper dishes if
you dispose of them each time they areused, so cover them with a plastic bag.

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Disaster Emergency
Message Dial
Listen to a message

Leave a message

Dial 171Press 1

Disaster Message Board(Mobile Phones)

Post a message

Read a message

Choose Disaster Message Board on the main page

Press 2

If you are a disaster survivor, enter your home phone number.
If not, enter the phone number of the person in the disaster-strickenarea whom you wish to contact, starting with the area code.

Choose Register Messages

Choose Confirm Messages

Choose your current
situation / condition(You can also enter yourmessage)Enter the mobile phone numberof the person whom you wish toconfirm the safety of(XXX)-XXX-XXX

4
Press 1#Press 1#

Choose Register on the page

Choose Search on the page

Record your message(within 30 seconds)

Message playback begins

Message registered

Search results displayed

Press 9# (end)Dial 171 and follow the voice guidance (in Japanese) to leave or play back messages.
Because each recording is up to 30 seconds, prepare a brief message that contains
necessary information only. Each message will be saved for 48 hours. You can practiceusing the service on days such as the 1st and 15th days of each month.

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This message board service is provided by mobile phone carriers to enable people toconfirm the safety of each other via text messages. To use the service, visit the portalsite of your carrier from your mobile phone. You can practice using the service ondays such as the 1st and 15th days of each month.
Details → p. 272

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rkshopwo

Take Action to Get
Your Family PreparedDO
NOW

Try the disaster preparedness steps outlined in this manual with your family. Here isan example of how you could use one weekend day to prepare for a disaster with yourfamily, while also having fun.

Role-playing: 15 minutes
10:45

After you have imagined what the moment will be like, practice theactions outlined on pp. 17-25, assuming that a major earthquake
has just occurred.

Convene: 15 minutes
10:00

Gather your family and have each member talk about what theyknow about disasters and disaster prevention and what they hope toaccomplish over the course of the day.
Imagine what will happen when a disaster occurs: 30 minutes

10: 15

If a major earthquake occurs, what will happen to your family? To learn
more about what the situation will be like, read Chapter 1 of this manual“Simulation of a Major Earthquake” with your family. Then walk aroundyour home and have each member of your family imagine what it will be
like.

Use the map to verify your evacuation area: 30 minutes
1 1 : 00

See the accompanying map and actually go to the evacuation area
in your neighborhood. Also, confirm matters such as a safe meeting
place and how you will contact each other in case mobile phones andother services are interrupted. Take down this information on thepages of this manual set aside for notes. You can also use the Bosai
the Rhino cartoon flip book (bottom right corner of each page) to
confirm the actions you should take when a major earthquake occurs.

4
Check points

Things to confirm

Where is a safe place to protect yourself?

Your evacuation area and evacuation routes

What will happen to the furniture and home appliancesin the living room?

Where to meet up

What if you’re sleeping in the bedroom?

Details → p. 115
Take notes → p. 292

How family members will contact each other

Details → p. 128
Contact information for you and your family Take notes → p. 294

What if you’re in the restroom or taking a bath?

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Discuss what your family needs to prepare for adisaster: 30 minutes
1 1 : 30

Discuss what items your family need to stockpile, and make a shopping list.
See the household stockpile (pp. 86-91) and furniture stabilizing measures(pp. 96-99) sections and find the disaster preparedness measures that best
suit your family. In the afternoon, take time to go shopping. Prepare a list ofitems necessary for your family, such as emergency supplies and furniturestabilizing devices. The pages set aside to take notes in this manual will be
helpful.

Prepare: 1 hour
1 5: 00

Decide where to locate stockpiles and emergency bags, and arrange
them accordingly. Stabilize the furniture so that they will not fall,
topple over, or slide. Confirm that you have not missed anything byreferring to the furniture stabilizing checklist (pp. 100-103).

Check points
Confirm the location of stockpiles
Confirm the location of emergency bags

Check points

Stabilizing measures appropriate for your furnishingsand home appliances

List of emergency stockpile items for your family
List of items to be put in emergency bags
Furniture stabilizing measures for each room of yourhome

Lunch and shopping: 3 hours
Have lunch and then go and buy necessary items.

Wrap-up: 15 minutes
16 : 00

To wrap up the day, have each member of your family give one totwo minutes of feedback. Share your frank thoughts with each otherso that everyone in your family will be safe if a disaster strikes.

4

1 2: 00

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rkshopwo

Hold a Community Eventto Prepare for a Disaster

DO
NOW
Program 2: Hands-on experience

This is the main event. Use this manual to practice solving problems that will occur when a disaster strikes.
We will introduce how to hold a hands-on event where participants can have
fun learning knowledge that will be truly helpful in the event of a disaster.
Why not invite neighbors or hold an event at school, and build a solidcommunity prepared for a disaster?

Practice solving problems that occur when a disaster strikes: 15 minutes foreach exercise
1. Present a problem

Participants
What to bring
Hours
Preparation
Tools
Materials

3-30 people
This manual
1.5-3 hours
Person who will serve as a moderator
A space large enough to accommodate the participants
Scissors, box cutters, glue, pliers, nippers
Table with a lot of materials on it(Refer to pp. 234-235 for exercise samples and materials to prepare.)

The moderator presents the first problem.

Exercise samples → pp. 234-235

2. Teams look for solutions
Members of each team cooperate witheach other to solve the problem, using
the contents of this manual and various
materials.

Program 1: Imagine the moment

4

Read the experience of survivors: 15 minutes
First, have all the participants read the experience ofearthquake survivors. It is important that everyone is aware ofwhat it is really like to experience an earthquake.

Experience → p. 72
Opening: 15 minutes
Ask the participants to separate into teams consisting of fouror less people each. If possible, place people who have nevertalked to each other on the same team. After they are divided
into teams, have the members of each team share their names,
occupations, and what they thought about the experience ofsurvivors, allowing each to talk for about three minutes.

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3. Each team presents a solution
When the problem is solved, a teammember raises his/her hand and themoderator examines the solution. Once
all teams find the answer, move on to thenext problem. Spend about 15 minutes oneach problem.

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Shuffle team members and closing: 15 minutes
Getting to know many people is another objective of this event. After the exercises,
shuffle the team members. Once each new team is formed, members talk for threeminutes each, giving their names, occupations and their thoughts on the event.

ProblemMaterials
Answer
ProblemMaterials
Answer
ProblemMaterials
Answer
ProblemMaterials
AnswerWe need dishes and spoons to distribute meals. Let’s makethem.
Plastic bottles, milk cartons, newspaper
p. 208Let’s learn how to tie ropes tightly. Tie a clove hitch and square
knot.
Ropes
p. 216
There is no light due to a power failure. How can we make alight?
Flashlights, white plastic bags, plastic bottles, waterp. 206
It’s getting chilly. Think about how we can warm ourselves withnewspapers.
Newspaper, plastic bags, plastic wrap
p. 192

Exercise samples (pp. 192-217)

4
ProblemMaterials
Answer
ProblemMaterials
Answer
ProblemMaterials
AnswerThere is no D battery. Make a substitute using an AA battery.
Flashlight that works on a D battery, AA battery, cloth, aluminum
foil
p. 207
There is no toilet. Make an emergency toilet using materials
available here.
Bucket, plastic bags, newspaper
p. 201
You have come to an evacuation center. Let’s make a bed andpillow.
Cardboard, newspaper, polystyrene foam, large plastic sheets, ballpp. 214-215

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Having these versatile materials at the event could be helpful.
- Newspaper- Cardboard- Plastic bags
- Plastic bottles- Paper cartons- Paper- Cloth- Plastic wrap
- Aluminum foil
- Sterile gauze- Rubber bands- Paper clips- Garbage bags
- Ropes- Clothes you nolonger wear

If you prepare ample amounts of versatile materials,
such as those listed above, event participants might beable to come up with their own versions of helpful items.
Cooperate with the members of your team and look into
various solutions.

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