MEMBER COUNTRY REPORTCANADAPRESENTATION TO IEA HPT TCP

Sophie Hosatte-Ducassy
November 23, 2021

 May 21, 2020

INTRODUCTION• Decarbonizing the built environment requires a paradigm shift in the waythat buildings use and manage thermal energy, particularly in thecontext of :
 increased adoption of onsite renewable generation (need to addressintermittent generation)
 the electrification of building systems (need to provide efficiency andflexibility to address increased demand on the grid)2

INTRODUCTION HPs play an important role in the electrification ofheating, and particularly in the context of griddecarbonisation
 Canada’s diverse climate and utility ratestructure, not one technological solution that canmeet the targets – need to work in multiple areas Technical, market and policy gaps need to beaddressed to increase HP adoption, published in
the Energy and Mines Ministers’ Conference
2018.

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OBJECTIVES :ADDRESS IDENTIFIED GAPS/NEEDS
Technical Gaps

1.
2.
3.

Need for more affordable systems
Need for cold climate solutions and for existing buildings
Need for suitable solutions to meet the phase down of HFCrefrigerants

Market Gaps
1.
2.

Need for reliable tools for system design
Need to increase confidence in emerging systems

Policy Gaps
1.

Need for updated codes and performance standards

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ACTIVITIES• GSHPs and Ground Source Thermosiphon• Grid Optimized HPs• Thermally Driven HPs• High Temperature HPs• Support to Deployment – Dissemination Activities

GSHP: GROUND HEAT EXCHANGERS AND
THERMOSIPHON WITH NATURALREFRIGERANTSAPPROACH
TRL

Lab scale tests

CA
FDCE

E

A. Multiple U-pipe DX-GHE
C. Field testing-IPAC project

BBField testingD

B. Standing column well (SCW)

Modeling

A
D. Saturated sand boreholes

F. Reference borehole

THERMOSIPHON FOR AIR PRE-HEATING
Heat
releaseCondenser
sectionAdiabatic
sectionVapor
flow

Condensate
flow

Evaporator
sectionHeat gainfrom
the source

HRV

Building(a)Concept

Heat
releaseCondenser
section

Heat
pump

Heat
pump

Condenser
sectionCondenser
sectionGroundsurface

Groundsurface

Adiabatic
sectionVapor
flow

Condensate
flow

Adiabatic
SectionAdiabatic
SectionEvaporator
sectionEvaporator
sectionHeat gainfrom
the source

(a)
(a)

ActiveVaporflow
Heat gain
fromthe ground

(b)
(a)

Vapor
flow

Evaporator
sectionHeat gain
fromthe groundHybrid(b)(c)

40% Energy savings, Air
quality issues for NorthernBuildings

Objective

Develop tools for performance
evaluation of air pre-heating groundsource system for housing in the Arctic
Improve knowledge regarding system
operation and promising areas ofapplication

GRID OPTIMIZED HEAT PUMPSOVERVIEW
Optimize HP Peak Management
Capabilities to Support:

Concept
Air-Source HP

Thermal Storage

Smart Control• Greater HP Adoption• Grid Decarbonisation

VisionHP + Storage: Next Gen. of HP system
Towards Implementation
 Detailed modelling ongoing Prototyping: Planned later FYs

Defining Requirements
How much storage?
 Completed FY19/20

Evaluating Concepts
Exploring storage integrated in HP cycle
 Initial Assessment Completed FY20/21

Participation to Annex 55 – Climate Box

FY 20/21: SIMULATION ASSESSMENT
SystemAssessment

How do these systems reduce peak demand in typical Canadian homes?
Are estimated energy transfer rates sufficient in actual conditions?

Sample Result: Comparison of demand during peak periods over winter in Montreal
CCHP without Storage
Saves energy, but same max as BB.
Why?
• Brief period when TOAT<THP,CutOff
Demand during 2H Peak
TAmb<-15°C
Morning: 6-8AM,
Evening: 5-7 PM

CCHP + Storage
5 kW reduction of max demand
Displaces aux. BB on coldest day• Outdoor temperature -26°C

Next Steps: Impact of system sizing, charging/discharge rates
Further regional analysis

Elec BB: Electric Baseboards
CCHP: Cold Climate Var. Capacity (air-air) HP

CHALLENGES & NEXT STEPS
System Design: Implementing practical design leveraging existing HP components

Challenges

PCM-Refrigerant HX: Achieving desired energy transfer rates to provide meaningful load shifting
HP Controls: Optimizing system efficiency, energy transfer rates
Quantifying System Potential: Understanding current system performance, potential across Canada
Formalizing Partnerships: Strong interest

Next StepsHeat Pump Level

Building Level

In-Field (data permitting)

Further modelling refrigerant-PCM HX

Comparing system concepts

Assessing field data

Integration with detailed HP cycle modelMore housing types, regions

Collab. with REI on grid impacts

THERMALLY DRIVEN HPSPROJECT OBJECTIVE
 Providing high performance heating systems in regions where natural gas is
the dominant energy source.
 Providing solutions that can help satisfy the increasing demand for spacecooling without increasing the demand of electricity.
 Those systems are either driven by a free or available thermal energy source(solar or waste heat) or by natural gas.
 Thermally driven heat pumps can play in the transition to a decarbonized grid.
Make use of natural gas with seasonal efficiencies greater than 100%.
 New systems are available on the market with the ability to maintainefficiencies >100% at ambient temperatures below -20°C and no need for aback-up heating system.
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EXPERIMENTAL TESTING AND MODELLING OF GASABSORPTION HEAT PUMPS - SIMULATION STUDY
Results example – 1st to 5th of January

Developed detailed performance model toevaluate the energy reduction, GHG emission
reduction and utility cost savings of thermally
driven heat pumps in the housing sector.
Main barriers (preliminary findings)
 Lack of performance data to properly assess
the systems and control strategies.
 How are back-up heating requirements met?
 There remains a high cost of such systems
with limited seasonal energy efficiencyimprovements over high efficiency
condensing gas furnaces and boilers.

(Performance file developed with test data from Glanville et al. and the manufacturerRobur)

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HIGH TEMPERATURE HPSCONTEXT• Retrofitting buildings to achieve net-zero carbon
performance is a major challenge often requiring significant
investment and intrusive upgrades in order to replace a hightemperature (70-90oC) hydronic-based heating system
IEA Heat Pumping Technologies TCP• Annex 58 – High Temperature Heat Pumps• New Annex 60 “Retrofit Heat Pump Systems in Existing
Larger Buildings”

17APPLICATION : DISTRICT HEATING LOOPBase case

Integration of HT Heat Pumps

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HIGH TEMPERATURE HP - RESULTS
 Fully instrumented test bench Instrumentation: temperature, flow rates, power consumption, COP
 Measured PerformanceHeat rejection: 90 ℃
Source in. 40 ℃, COP=3.1 (district heating)Source in. 5 ℃, COP=1.6 (geothermal)

 Ready for field testing in a federal building

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SUPPORT TO DEPLOYMENT DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIESOVERVIEW: ASHP EXPERIMENTAL TESTING
Why PerfTesting?

Supports development, assessment of new performance rating procedures (CSA EXP07)
Acquire detailed perf. data to support more accurate simulation models• New performance maps for simulations• Understanding specific perf. including modulation ratio, defrost frequency and operation

Previous

Need:

Continue to expand assessment of market-available ductless ASHP
Improve HPSHED controls to facilitate operating the heat pump under a wider
range of test conditions.
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FY 20/21: SIMULATION OVERVIEW
Objective

Simulation of Canadian residential sector to:• Support market adoption of HP• Help establish performance targets• Answer important technical questions regarding HP integrationand energy savings considerations• Develop tools for homeowners to quickly assess HP suitability
for their specific application

Highlights

Expansion of the housing model database, used as a base for:• Validating the energy and GHG emission reductions of heat pumps in the residential
sector• Assessment of peak demand impact of HP integration versus conventional heatingsystems• Analysis of implications of CC ASHP sizing and characteristics• Providing support to OEE to answer questions on CC ASHP integration

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ASHP SIZING GUIDEContext Air-Source HPs: Strong energy savings potential, but sizing critical
Need Framework to support installers in sizing, selecting ASHPs according to different objectives
NRCan ASHP Sizing & Selection Guide & Tool: Intended for HVAC professionals (NOT a sim./feasibility tool)Webinars for key stakeholders across Canada, training > 500 participants since Sept 2020
Video recording to be put on NRCan YouTube site23

Simplified “residential ASHP assessment tool”
Need•

A platform to leverage our simulation work and disseminate it for all Canadians

Objective•

Simplified assessment tool for homeowners to easily estimate energy and utility
cost savings for their respective homeMethodology

Database of detailed
residential housing models*

Simplified models*Sample UI from http://api.bkrenergy.ca/online_tool/beta_version
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Simplified assessmenttool© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2021