The Development of Heat Pump
Technology in China

Yang Lingyan & Xu Wei

China Academy of Building Research
yly8111@163.com +86-15901118986

Content
1

Energy and Building

2Policy

3Market4

R&D strategy

5SummaryMTOE

1. Energy and Building
3600
3400
3200
3000
2800
2600
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

Hydro,Nuclear&Wind

Natural Gas

OilCoal15.30%
8.10%
18.90%

57.70%

78 80 85 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
YEAR

Total energy consumption and composition

1. Energy and Building
85,00080,000

Thermal Power

Hydro Power

Nuclear PowerWind Power

Solar Power75,00070,00065,00060,000100 million kWh

55,00050,00045,00040,0002017

2020

35,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000
080 85 90 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Year

Total Electric Power Generation by energy source1. Energy and Building
completed building area
(100 million m2)

35
public30

residence

252015105001

02030405

06

0708

09

101112131415

16

1718yearCompleted Area of Civil Buildings in China
700

building area(100 millionm2)

Urban residential building

Rural residential building

Public building

600
500400300200
1000010203040506070809

1011

The total building area in China

12131415161718

1. Energy and Building

700

600

3,000building energy consumption (MTOE)
building electrical consumption (billion kwh)

2,500

2,000
500
400

1,500

300
1,000
200
500
1000001 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
 energy consumption : 700 MTOE; Electrical consumption :1650 billion kWh；

Building energy consumption in Chinabuilding electrical consumption (billion kwh)building energy consumption (MTOE)

800

2. Policy Carbon emission
 The Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the“13th Five-Year Plan
By 2020, the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will fall by 18%
compared with 2015.
 Reach the peak in carbon emissions by 2030
The carbon intensity per unit of GDP will fall by 60% to 65% comparedwith 2005.

 National Carbon Emissions Trading Management Measures
It will promote the construction of China's carbon emission tradingmarket.
 Action plan for reaching the peak of carbon emissions by 2030

2. Policy Clean heating2021
2018
2017

20142013
Policyintroduced:“Beijing Clean
Air Action Plan2013-2017”.

Subsidy policy
The Beijing
government
promotes thesubsidy policy of“coal toelectricity” and“coal to gas”

Expand thescale

Policy upgrade
Financial support
from the Chinese
government forthe pilot project ofclean heating in
winter in northern
China. ”26+2”

National
special funds
support 12 newcities.

Continue topush forwardand expand tosevere coldareas.
20 new pilot cities
were added, andthe scope of thepilot cities wasexpanded tosevere cold areas.
The total numberof clean heating
pilot cities reached63.

2. Policy Object of planning
According to the National Development and Reform Commission,
the Energy Bureau and other 10 ministries and commissions jointly
issued the "Northern District Winter Clean Heating Plan (2017-2021)".
The overall goal:
clean heating rate of 50% in 2019; clean heating rate of 70% in 2021,
replacing 150 million tons of coal.
Advance the goal:

GSHP
1 Billion ㎡

BiomassEnergy
2.1Billion ㎡

Choose clean heatingtechnology according tolocal conditions

Solar50 Million ㎡

Gas4 Billion ㎡

Electric
1.5 Billion ㎡

Improve energy security

Industrial
exhaustheat0.2
Billion ㎡

Clean Coal
11 Billion㎡

Reduce energy
consumption

2. Policy
 ASHP
Guidance on Promoting Electric Power Substitution
The NDRC issued to promote Air Source Heat Pump Heating to replace
Coal-fired Heating

Work programe on air pollution prevention and control in Beijing,
Tianjin, Hebei and surrounding areas in 2017
The MEP issued, the ASHP should be the main heating system for new
residential buildings, and coal-fired boilers should not be built in it.
Relevant financial subsidies for ASHP projects:

Beijing: 24,000 yuan/household.
Tianjin: 29,000 yuan/household.
Shanxi:27,400 yuan/household.
Hebei: 7,400 yuan/household .

Shandong: 8,000 yuan/household.

2. Policy
 GSHP
13th Five-Year Plan for GSHP Energy Development and Utilization

The NDRC issued to complete GSHP energy heating development targetof 700 million square meters.
Accelerating the Development and Utilization of Shallow Geothermal
Energy to Promote Coal-Reducing Substitution in the North HeatingArea
The State issued to accelerate the application of GSHP, especially inrural area.
Relevant financial subsidies for GSHP projects:
Beijing: 30% of the initial investment in compensation engineering.
Jilin: 60 yuan/㎡ in accordance with the energy supply area.
Chongqing: 30-40 yuan/ ㎡ in accordance with the energy supply area.
Nanjing: Compensation for energy supply area is 35-70 yuan/ ㎡.

3. Market
 ASHP
100 million Yuan

200
150

1005002013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

hot water

heatingdringdrying

ASHP sales from 2013-2019

100100 million Yuan

8060402002017

2018

Sales of different types of products20193. Market

Application area（X 104 ㎡）

 GSHP

Application Area of Ground Source Heat Pump14

3. Market（100 million Yuan）

12

 GSHP

10Borehole

8
6
420
2011

35

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

14

（100 million Yuan）

12

25
20
15
10

Ground water

10
8
6
4
2

50
201102012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

52011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018
4

Sales of GSHP units（100 million）（100 million Yuan）

30

Water loop

32
10
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

4. R&D strategy
 National Key R&D Plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan“Technical System and Key Technologies Development of Near
Zero Energy Consumption Building” led by China Academy ofBuilding Research
The goal of this project is to study and establish a near zero-energy
building technical indicator system for different regions of China. Theseinclude research into the application of renewable energy and energy
storage technologies in near-zero energy buildings, with a focus ondeveloping high-efficiency heat pump products and technologies.

4. R&D strategy
 National Key R&D Plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan
“New Technology of Heating and Air Conditioning Using
Renewable Energy in Tibetan, Northwest and Plateau Areas”
led by China Academy of Building ResearchThis project mainly studies solar energy heating in Tibet, airsource heat pump heating in Sichuan and Tibet, and evaporative
cooling technology in hot and dry western regions.

4. R&D strategy
 National Key R&D Plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan
“Development and demonstration of low-grade residual energy
recovery technology and heat pump equipment” led by Shanghai

Jiao Tong University
The project aims to develop compressed high-efficiency heat pump forindustrial waste heat, high-efficiency absorption heat pump and chemicalheat pump for upgrading the grade of low-temperature heat energy. Theoverall technical scheme of network utilization of low-temperature residualenergy is put forward to realize the effective utilization of medium-lowtemperature heat energy.

4. R&D strategy
 National Key R&D Plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan
“Solutions and corresponding systems for building heating
and air conditioning in the Yangtze River Basin” led byChongqing University
The project aims to improve the living environment of the Yangtze
River basin in China, and to develop winter and summer shared
heat pump products and high-efficiency cold and heat source
equipment systems.

4. R&D strategy

Improve theperformance

Expand the application of heat pump

Improving
application
applicability --low temperature
performance of ASHP,
high temperature heatpump

Increasing
renewableenergy –medium and deep
geothermal heatpump

Meet the needsof diversified
development --composite integrated
high efficiency heatpump technology
products

4. R&D strategy
 Research on improving low temperature heating
performance of ASHP
Suitable compressor technology :it can operate
normally when thelowest ambient
temperature is 25 ℃ or even - 30℃

Suitable heatpump control
technology :reduce theattenuation of heat
supply at low
ambient
temperature

Antifreeze
technicalmeasures:

Effective
defrosting
Technology:

improve heatpump efficiency
and reliability at
low ambient
temperaturefind the best
defrosting
control point,
reduce energy
consumption,
improve comfortq  kW 结霜过程除霜过程(含恢复)结霜过程tdc

tftf
qhc

名义结霜损失 QL1

tdf t rc

名义结霜损失 QL1

除霜过程(含恢复)tdc

tdf t rcqhc2

有效供热量 QS

0

有效供热量 QSti t kt s th tn
名义除霜损失 QL2

4. R&D strategy
 Research on the heating of high temperature heat pump
Increase heating
temperature:

Improve the heating
temperature rangeof high temperature
heat pump to 100200 ℃, so that it has
greater industrial
application
prospects.

Research theworking medium
and components:

Meet the hightemperature cycle
and hightemperature andhigh pressure
working conditions,safety and economy.

Best application
strategy:

Optimize theapplication scenariosof high temperature
heat pump, respondto the process heat
demand, and selectthe optimal
application method.

4. R&D strategy
 Medium-deep geothermal heat pump technology

Project Project Project Project
NumberABC
D
Building area
㎡20600 43500 56000 37800
Occupancy rate％
29436820

Casing pipe

Heating area ㎡ 6000
Heat pumpinstalled power
kW
1040
Number ofheating holes
218700

38000

7560

1986

2600

2160

35

3

COP of system

3.28

3.61

3.35

3.91

U type pipe

The application area of medium-deep geothermal heat pump in China has
exceeded 10 million square meters.

4. R&D strategy
 Integrated heat pump product development
Product features: It has the characteristics
of fresh air purification,fresh air heat recovery,
cooling and heating, andflexible adjustment.
 It is highly integrated,convenient for household
installation and property
rights division, and canrealize personalized
settings to meet theneeds of different indoor
environments.

It provides an integrated energy environment solution for low
energy consumption buildings.

5. Summary

1

China has become the largest heat pump producer
and the largest application market in the world.

2

Heat pump heating will play a more important role inachieving China's carbon emission reduction andcarbon neutralization goals.

3

Heat pump technology will be more widely used,
and the heat pump industry will be more advanced.