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The Genetic Systems Provided by E. coli
and Its Viruses
Molecular Biology of the Gene1. Fluctuation analysis of bacterial resistance to phage(PQRÙ#)Ï`Q$%a‹JKQLMPT}uDwPVNOÍ

!"u,I,Qabc~w+,K

2. Replica plating

4. Enriching mutants I
3. Isolation of mutant E. coli
cells with a specific growth
factor requirement

direct selection
counterselection

STUV:WrXaYZ6[Â=$%ÎQ-ü\]^_` (auxotroph)?\]` (prototroph)(PQRR#)

5. Enriching mutants II

8. The use of growth factor requirments to demonstratesexuality in E. coli

pH-sensitive dyes to detect
metabolic mutants

Brute force isolation
physical selection$%d6efgh)PijQ|{æ,6kl~w+,æK[9=m

J. Lederberg & Tatum (1946)%cfg$%6Šfgn‹Q78Îo;pq178fg

defg

Hfr : the positions where
insertion elements on F
recombine with the bacterial
chromosome

16. The attachment of amale F pilus to the surface
of a femail cell

Type-I pili

15. The genetic map of F
factor of E. coli
(94 kb)fin : fertility inhibitionphi : phage inhibition

F pilus

inc : incompatibility
rep : replication
tra : the transfer of the F factor to female cells
ilz : immunity to lethal zygosis
ori : origin of transer replication

17. The transfer of F+ DNA(to an F- cell

18. Hfr (high frequency of recombination)

Movement of the bacterial
chromosome from an Hfr cell
into an F- cell

20. Conjugation between F- and Hfr bacteria, as
shown in a classic diagram

Integratiion of the F factor into
the main chromosome

21. The frequency fo donor Hfr marker genes
The relative gene order rsazi-T1-lac-gal

F. Jacob & E.L. Wollman, sexality and the Genetics of Bacteria, (1961)

22-1. Complete genetic map of E. coli
Flagellar region II

Flagellar region III

T1. Order of genes in conjugal transfer in different Hfr strains

Flagellar region I