㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉝䉳䉝ᅚ䉝䉳䉝ᅚᕈၮ㊄㩷 䋰䋳䋭䋰䋳䋭䋴㩷䋲䋰䋰䋳ᐕ䋳᦬
䋲䋰䋰䋳
ᐕ䋳᦬㩷

㩷
㩷

ġ
Problems Faced by Foreign Women
Living in Japan-Indicated in the Telephone Counseling-ġह඾‫૽࣭ٸ‬੫଻ͥ͢ͅഩდ௖౴͈৘ૂ಺औġġġġտు಺औ༭࣬੥ġ

ġ
Tokyo English Life LineȪ൐‫͈̻͈̞ࢊםނ‬ഩდȫġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġ
Asian Women’s Fund㧔⽷࿅ᴺੱᅚᕈߩߚ߼ߩࠕࠫࠕᐔ๺࿖᳃ၮ㊄㧕ġ㩷㩷Table of Contents

I Introduction

p4

II Tokyo English Life Line (TELL)
1. Foundation of TELL
2. The Volunteers

p5

III The Foreign “Community” in Japanp6
1. Numbers
2. Composition
3. Marriage Between Japanese and Foreigners
4. Children Born to Japanese and Foreigners
IV Analysis of Calls from Foreign Women to TELL
V Conclusion and Recommendations
The Future Role of TELL
Referencesp21

List of Figures and Tables
Figures and Tables

p23

p38

3

p14

p12

I Introduction
There are many organizations and individuals who have joined
to raise their voices out of concern for the problems faced by foreign
women in Japan.

A survey of material by researchers, NGO workers oforganizations such as the National Network in Solidarity with MigrantWorkers, the Catholic Diocese of Yokohama, the Women’s Group for thePrevention of Stateless Children, organizations supporting the Shelters
for foreign women, all present the same concerns.

The central problems

relate to the lack of legal protection of the rights of women non-Japanese women in particular - and bureaucratic procedures andoffices, which actively and passively discriminate against foreigners.
In this report, We present an analysis of the problems faced byforeign women living in Japan, for the Asian Women’s Fund, from theperspective of the Tokyo English Lifeline.

Our aim is to demonstrate,using the data from the Lifeline, that TELL is serving a very importantfunction as a mental health service provide, not only for foreign women
but also for Japanese.

The level of mental health services in Japan isvery inadequate, and there is a shortage of funding. However, the datashows that Lifelines can be effective services in the area of mental healthin the community.

This situation must be recognized, appreciated andappropriate support and funding provided.
Part II is a brief account, first, of the founding and function of
the lifeline and second, of the volunteers and their training.

Part III setsout, first, the numbers of the foreign community, and second, thecomposition of some of the main groups.

Third, the increasing numberof intermarriages is considered and fourth, the consequent rise in thenumbers of children born to marriages, mainly between Japanese men andforeign women.
Part IV focuses on the analysis of calls of foreign women to
TELL.

Part V considers the problems revealed by these calls, first,

problems that are particular to foreign women, and second, the gaps in theJapanese Health care system faced by Japanese and foreign women alike.

4Part VI presents conclusions and recommendations.
II Tokyo English Lifeline (TELL)Foundation and Evolution
The first Lifeline telephone counseling service was opened in
1963 at the Sydney Central Mission by the Reverend Alan Walker.
Within a very short period, lifeline centres had been established in many
countries.

In 1969, there were 21 accredited centers and by 1976 there

were 132 accredited centers in 12 countries.
The first Japanese lifeline, Inochi-no-Denwa, was founded by aGerman missionary in 1971. It was felt that a similar resource was needed
for the foreign community, and in 1973, many individuals and five
English-speaking churches came together to establish TELL as acommunity-based, not-for-profit organization.
Lifeline

International,grew

rapidlyto

TELL, affiliated withbecomeanon-sectarianorganization. In 1991, the face-to-face Tokyo Community CounselingService was established in affiliation with The Samaritan Institute of theUS, to offer professional face-to-face counseling in both Japanese andEnglish.

In Sept. 1993 the TELL HIV/AIDS line, and in 1994 theFilipino Line, were opened. As AIDS testing services and AIDS hotlines
became established, this specialized service was no longer needed and so
was discontinued in 1998.

Likewise, it was found that there were manyother services available to the Filipino community and so the Filipino line
was discontinued in 2000.

TELL, however, continues to have calls

about HIV/AIDS and many calls from English-speaking Filipino people.
The Volunteers
The volunteers are drawn from most of the groups detailed
below in section I-1.

Just over half of the calls are from women, andinclude accompanying partners, wives of Japanese of many different
nationalities, people working for the JET (The Japan Exchange and5Teaching) program, women working in Japan as business people,
translators, researchers, writers, teachers, artists and entertainers. The
countries of origin of the volunteers, again a majority of them women, arelikewise extremely diverse. In 2002 there were people from 18 countries
working in various capacities for the organization.

It is noteworthy thatsome volunteers are actually people who have called TELL in the past,and found the service so helpful that they decided to take the training tobecome counselors themselves.

There are also people who have trainedin some other country and wish to retrain in order to serve thecommunity.
All applicants to TELL training have to submit a detailed
application form and undergo an hour-long interview, to determine theirsuitability.

Once accepted for training, they participate in 60 hours ofprofessional training in short-term client-centred counseling, and 24
hours of apprenticeship on the line.

The training sessions include 24

sessions of 2 and 1/2 hours held twice a week over 12 weeks. Trainees
learn basic counseling skills based on active listening techniques, andreceive education in special areas like cross-cultural relationships,
depression, HIV/AIDS, mental illness, substance abuse, and suicide.
The training sessions involve experiential group work, and many trainees
consider it to be a life-changing experience.

The training isinternationally accredited and professionally delivered, and there aresome who use the training as a preliminary to further studies in Social
Work. The people served by these volunteers are described in thefollowing section.

III The Foreign “Community”
Numbers
The total population of foreigners living in Japan, both legally andillegally, was estimated to be around 1.8 million in 1998, of whom 74.3%

6

were Asian.

This included 543,000 ethnic Koreans and Chinese withpermanent residency, with new arrivals in recent decades numbering
939,000. In Tokyo itself, however, there are about 260,000 registeredforeigners from 170 different nations. As of January 2000, there were276,000 foreigners who had overstayed their visas (Japan Times, April 4th2000).

An unknown but increasing number of illegal immigrants

continues to work in small construction firms, factories and restaurants intowns and cities across the nation. Of the women granted work visas, alarge percentage are Southeast Asian women granted short-term visas towork in the entertainment industry.
By 2002, in spite of the continuing economic recession, the numberof employed foreigners had risen, 2.8% from 2001, to 227,984 (Japan
Times, Dec. 17, 2002).

Of these workers, currently the largest number,

39.4%, are from Latin America, followed by East Asians at 34.6% andSoutheast Asians at 12.6%.
Composition
The situation of residing in a society not one’s own produces
particular stresses and pressures common in many ways to all migrants.
However, the level of entry into the host society and the existence or lackof support institutions, either in the host society or within the migrantgroup, mean that beyond the differences of individuality, nationality, raceand gender, the way in which migrants enter the country and theeconomic level of their activities radically affect their social andindividual situations.

In order to understand the nature of problems

facing foreign women in Japan, it is then necessary first of all to set thecontext in which they live and work in Japan.
Diplomats Business and Professionals
At the economic apex is the diplomatic and international business
community concentrated in the major metropolitan centers.

Social links

and ties are maintained through organizations which support the existence7

of this strata of mainly expatriate foreigners, and allow the use of theword “community” to refer to a highly mobile group.

Supportingorganizations such the international schools, the English-speaking
churches and commercial and professional associations maintain a varietyof educational, social and religious services and networks for this group.
In tandem with the steadily growing foreign community, there isalso a growing number and diversity of professional and white collar
workers who are in some way serving other foreigners throughestablishing businesses or services directly or partially related to foreign
needs, in addition to a small but growing cohort of foreign employees ofJapanese companies.
Women occupy particular places and roles in each of these groups.
As the wives of men coming to Japan to work in the business and or
diplomatic area, they are termed “trailing spouses” and face particularchallenges and stresses.

As diplomats and business women, whether

single or married, they face the same challenges of establishing life in a
new culture and environment, multiplied by the challenges of practicing
their profession in a society in which mindsets on the traditional social
roles of men and women, despite changes, are still very strong.

Womenin any of these situations are vulnerable to social and cultural isolationand depression.
JET 䋨 The Japan Exchange and Teaching 䋩
From the 1980’s another group has been brought into the country bydirect policy action.

An extremely diverse group of young people, morethan half of them women (56.5% in 1991), from many different countries
and regions, has been brought into Japan in growing numbers on thegovernment-designed JET䋨The Japan Exchange and Teaching䋩program toteach English to Japanese students at Junior and Senior High Schools andto work in local government offices throughout the country.

Althoughmost are able to adapt successfully, some young people have suffered invarious ways from the effects of sometimes extreme cultural isolation and8have required various kinds of therapeutic and medical help.
Foreign Migrant Workers
Since the 1980s much the largest group of incoming foreigners ismade up predominantly of short-term migrant workers.

Migrants havecontinued to engage in short-term jobs of various kinds in manufacturing
and construction and in the service and entertainment sectors.

This

work force is segmented by nationality, and by gender, with men working
in the construction and service industries, and women in manufacturing,
service and entertainment industries.
Entertainers
A study of visa categories allotted to women makes it very clearthat the Japanese government has focused on bringing women in to thecountry as entertainers.

This is overwhelmingly the largest category of

job available to foreign women.
Organized sex tours from Japan to Thailand and the Philippines
were curtailed in the 1980s, but the large increase in the numbers of
women being granted visas as entertainers, and also being trafficked into,
Japan, dates from this period (Muroi and Sasaki p. 205).

Official Justice

Ministry statistics, as well as figures on nationalities of women seeking
refuge in NGO Shelters confirm that most of the migrant women entering
the entertainment industry in Japan since the 1990’s have been fromThailand and the Philippines.

This group of women has suffered theworst human rights abuses of any of the immigrant groups.
For women working in the sex industry, whether by choice or byforce, a major factor is powerlessness in the face of highly unequal
relations. Most of the women have no knowledge of the language andsocial system and so are vulnerable to abuse. But the nature of their workand their isolation from mainstream society means they have no social or
legal support (ILO, p. 18), and frequently face social and legal
discrimination, and human rights abuses.

9

Calls to TELL from women inthis situation sometimes come from Philippine callers, though not fromThai, who are generally unable to speak English.
Latin American Returnee Migrants
In 1990, the government attempted to create a policy to deal withthe growing shortage of unskilled labour by granting work visas tomigrants of Japanese heritage from South America.

This policy,

based directly on race, lead to an increase in the number of Brazilians inJapan from 56,000 in 1990 to 220,000 in 1998.

However, it was soon

discovered that being of Japanese descent did not prevent problems incommunication or cultural difference.
Latin Americans of Japanese descent spoke Spanish or Portuguese
rather than Japanese, and their social behavior and expectations wereclearly very different from those of Japanese.

While second and third

generation Japanese Latin Americans were granted work visas, and sowere spared many of the problems of Southeast Asian women on
short-term visas, nevertheless, many were shocked by the difficulties ofadjusting to what was actually a foreign culture and language, together
with suffering from the generalized prejudice of being somehow defective
Japanese. In addition, because they were able to obtain visas, they wereable to come as families to Japan. This meant that they, both women andmen, faced difficulties in communication with employers and neighbours,
while their children faced considerable difficulties with language andcultural and social differences, in schools and communities. The
problems faced by this group are not well reflected in TELL statistics
because this community speaks Spanish and Portuguese rather thanEnglish.
Foreign Brides
In the context of the growing number of marriages between
Japanese and foreigners, which We will discuss in the following section,
there is a group which has been migrating to Japan for the specific10purpose of marriage, the so-called foreign brides.

The falling birth rate

and the reluctance of young Japanese women to marry in the countryside
has lead to an increasing number of rural young men marrying young
foreign women often obtained through the broker system.
Foreign brides, and foreign wives, face a special set ofcircumstances related to the Japanese social structure.

They arerequired to integrate rapidly into households based on male primogenitureand often suffer extreme cultural isolation while also facing racial andgender discrimination of various kinds. Many women married to Japanese
men face various kinds of cultural, social and personal conflict under thenecessity to adapt to Japanese culture. However, gender and racial
discrimination is often particularly evident in the treatment of womenfrom East and Southeast Asia.
Young foreign wives are particularly vulnerable because of thelong-term nature of their residence, their isolation, the pressures on themto conform to Japanese custom, and the immediacy of their involvement
in all aspects of Japanese family culture.
Marriage Between Foreigners and Japanese
A detailed study of Asian laborers was carried out in 1998 in Isesaki,
Gunma Prefecture, which has a very high proportion of foreigners to thetotal population because of the availability of manufacturing jobs. This
study uncovered a pattern of aging among the foreign laborers, more andmore of whom have been living and working in Japan for periods ranging
from five to ten or more years. Such increasing numbers of long-term stays
has meant that many more foreigners are entering long-term relationships
with Japanese.
Of all officially registered marriages in Japan in 1996, 3.8%
were international marriages (Abe, p. 4).

About 80% of these marriages

were of Japanese men with women from the neighbouring Asian countriesof China, Korea, the Philippines and Thailand.

11Children Born to Japanese and Foreigners
Together with the increase in the number of marriages between
Japanese and non-Japanese, it was to be expected that there would also be
an increasing number of children born to such marriages. The birth rate ofthese marriages is continuing to rise especially in comparison to the very
low birth rate of marriages between Japanese.
The results of research into a group of foreign mothers and theirbabies carried out by a team from the University of Medical Researchshowed that the number of children born to international marriages had
increased dramatically.

In 1996, throughout Japan, 1 in 37 babies born

had a foreign parent, while the figure for metropolitan Tokyo was 1 in 15
babies born to a non-Japanese parent.

Professor Lee’s study reports thegenerally widespread lack of consciousness and preparation for dealing
with foreigners in Health Centres and Social Welfare Offices.

There

seemed to the researchers to be a general inability to understand thevarying cultural issues involved in the area of child-rearing and child andmaternal health.
It was reported in 2002 that the number of international
marriages was 36,000, an increase of 13.7% from 2001 (Japan Times Dec.
1, 2002), and in the same year, a record 22,000 “international babies” wereborn. It is therefore clear that Schools and Social Welfare Centres need tounderstand that there will be a continuing increase in numbers of bicultural
children.
IV Analysis of Calls from Foreign Women to TELL
Except for the first table, showing the overall categories of calland numbers of callers to TELL, the following tables and figures are all
analyses of calls by female callers.

To gain an overall picture, first themultiple categories were condensed into overall categories of physicalhealth, mental health, relationships and social problems.

The categoryof “others” includes a wide range of requests for information.

The formof categorization shows very clearly that the majority of calls fall into the

12

area

of

mentalhealth,withthelargestcategory

being

depression/loneliness/anxiety.
When the calls are analyzed by region (see Figure 2), it is clearthat most calls come from the USA, the main English-speaking country,
which has a tradition of counseling, but it is important to note that thesecond largest national grouping is Japanese, only then followed bynationals of English-speaking countries such as the UK, New Zealand,
Canada and Australia.

There are few calls from nationals of SouthAmerican countries, where Portuguese and Spanish are spoken, thoughover the four years for which data has been analysed there is someincrease in the number of calls from this region. However, there is noorganization like TELL to serve the Spanish and Portuguese speaking
community, which relies on much smaller and scattered NGOs and ascattered number of offices which offer counseling at fixed and limited
hours.
If we consider calls by age group (Figure 2-2), it is clear that thegreatest need and consistently the largest number of calls are from womenin the age group of 25-35, the age at which women are most new to thecountry, and most concerned with issues related to child birth,child-raising, relationships, and employment and visa issues.

However,calls from women in the next age-bracket, 36-45, though much fewer, aresteadily increasing.
The category “Japan plus” needs some explanation.

This

category was formed to deal with the rapidly increasing number of callsfrom Japanese English speakers who are either returnees from work or
schooling overseas, and/or Japanese with one foreign parent. The rapidly
increasing number of calls from this category is a reflection of two things– the increasing number of children born of international marriages, andthe increasing number of Japanese who have lived overseas and return toJapan fluent in English and experience various difficulties and conflicts
in adjusting back to their native culture. This category can only be
expected to grow.

13

Looking at calls by category of problem shows that in the areaof depression/loneliness/anxiety (Table 4 and Figure 4), there is a moreeven distribution across age and origin of caller, but there is an
outstanding and rapidly increasing number of Japanese callers.

The

same can be said for the category of calls concerning family/partner
relationships (Table 5 and Figure 5). However, in this category it isimportant to note the greater number of callers from Asia in the 25-36 age
group.

The number of calls from this age group of Asian callers isgreater than for any other problem category, a reflection of the growing
numbers of young Asian women marrying into Japanese families.
Calls in the category of medical information (Figure 3) are also mainly
from women in the 25-35 age group.

V Recommendations
An analysis made in Tokyo in 1998 of the problems mostfrequently discussed on line noted loneliness, relationship problems,
domestic violence, cross-cultural issues, work disputes, unplanned
pregnancy, HIV/AID and sexual assault and rape as some of the main
problems suffered by foreign women.
It is quite common for any combination of these problems tooccur together.

For example, violence at home or an accident at work

may lead to serious injury, extremely expensive to treat without healthinsurance.

The further possibility of being dismissed from work thenmay lead to simultaneous problems of injury, loss of job, loss of housing
and extreme stress and illness.
It is clear from Tables 1 and 4 and Figure 4 that the largest
category of calls continues to be that of loneliness/depression/anxiety.
This category reflects the psychological state and feelings of the caller at
the time of the call, and it is often not possible to deduce the cause of the
problem from its inclusion in this category. However, We think it isimportant to note that this state may have many causes not explained in the14

course of the call. Some of the causes may be purely psychological, but it
is probably fair to say that a large proportion of the callers in this situation
are suffering because of specific social causes.

We can therefore say thatcallers who are depressed and lonely are usually suffering from difficult
social circumstances.

In conclusion, We present the following specificrecommendations for action.
1. Medical Information
The category of medical information continues to be large (seeTable 1 and 3 and Figure 3).
The lack of counseling or social work service within the hospital system
leads to severe stress particularly among foreigners but also among
Japanese.

Such a system needs to be established.

TELL has compiled information on English speaking doctors andtherapists, which is continuously updated.
Medical and counseling information in English and otherlanguages should be made available to all foreigners visiting all ward andcity offices.
2. Marriage and Divorce
The visas of many foreign women and men depend on theirmarriage to Japanese nationals.

However, the issue of domestic

violence seems to be a problem specific to women.

Many women,

particularly from Asia, are faced with the intolerable choice of divorce
and deportation or continuing to live with a violent partner. Their choice
is even more complex and difficult if they have children. The legal
system moves extremely slowly, is very expensive, and tends to favour
the Japanese partner in cases of child custody, which increases andmultiplies the potential violations of human rights.
In view of the dramatically increasing number of marriages
between㩷 Japanese men and foreign women, the Japanese government

15

needs to improve divorce legislation and procedures to protect the humanrights of foreign women.
3. Children
Registration
Although a law allowing nationality to be passed through themother as well as the father was passed in 1984, there is a bureaucratic
requirement, which discriminates against the children of unmarriedforeign mothers. It is not generally known that in order for a child toreceive Japanese nationality in the case of an unmarried couple, the father
has to admit paternity before the birth of the child by submitting a special
form (the “Recognition of an Unborn Child”) to the local municipal office.
The form is issued only at the office where the form was submitted andonly to the person who submitted the form. This requirement may either
not be known or, often, the father refuses to acknowledge the child. Lackof knowledge of this requirement is one of the causes of the birth of anincreasing number of stateless children.
This “taiji ninchi” registration process should be made known
and available to all foreigners at every local and municipal office.
Education
Women facing divorce proceedings or escaping from violent
partners face the possibility of being separated from their children.
Protection must be extended to children
Women waiting for Residence Permits following separationfrom Japanese spouses suffer considerable stress due to the length of wait,
and this stress is multiplied by their being unable to receive health carebenefits, or employment during the waiting period.
Those women who escape with their children from violent
partners and flee to shelters are unable to send their children to school
while in a shelter because of the current requirement of schools for koseki

16registration and attendance at the local school nearest to the registeredresidence.
The system must be made more flexible, to allow for theeducation of children in emergency situations, the children of overstayers,
and/or victims of domestic violence to be accepted in schools outside
their former residential area.
There is a general resistance to the concept of difference, which
can have severe effects on the children of foreigners. The resistance andrefusal to accept difference affects children in two major areas.

First,

the staff of welfare offices and health centers may not understand thecultural differences of non-Japanese mothers, and attempt to impose theJapanese system as the only acceptable one, resulting in stress, conflictand loneliness/depression of foreign mothers.
Staff of welfare offices and health centers need to receive
information and training in the use and practice of culturally sensitive
counseling and treatment.
Children of foreigners often suffer harassment or “ijime” atschools across the country. Positive efforts in schools to integrate andempower minority children should be publicized and rewarded.

4. Violence Against Women
Violence against women, especially domestic violence, must be
taken seriously by police and welfare officers.
At present, a major problem is that the Immigration Bureau will not renew
a spouse visa unless a couple is living together as man and wife, and a
letter of guarantee is also needed from the partner.

This provision meansthat many foreign women are trapped into staying with a violent andabusive partner.

17

These provisions must be changed to protect the lives and humanrights of women. Instruction and training of police and welfare officers in
how to help women, especially foreign women, who have suffered violenceis an urgent priority.

5. Housing
Asian, as well as Caucasian, foreigners still suffer from housing
discrimination.

It was recently estimated by a real estate dealer that

only 20% of landlords would even consider renting to foreigners.

Some

NGOs have tried to deal with the problem of the guarantor system.
Housing discrimination is particularly damaging to single mothers andwomen who are divorced or fleeing abusive husbands or partners.
Government support and guidance is needed to stop landlords
from excluding and/or discriminating against tenants on the basis ofgender, race or nationality.
A small NGO has established a system of insurance by which
members pay a yearly fee and they can receive a guarantee for the
purposes of renting.

This kind of organization should also be set up, orat least supported, by government action.㩷
The establishment of a government supported fund and insurance
system to cover the requirement for a guarantor.

6. Japanese Callers to TELL
It is important to note that twenty percent of the callers to TELL,
and the second largest national group of callers, are Japanese. Consulting
a counselor as a way of dealing with emotional and mental problems isstill not widely accepted by many Japanese people. However, somepeople who are reasonably fluent in English as a second language18

consider that it is easier to talk about such problems in English.

The

foreign language gives some distance, and allows a greater sense of
freedom.

It has been confirmed by a practicing psychiatrist, andsupported by callers, that many Japanese people able to speak English
often find it easier to talk about personal problems in English.
The service of telephone counseling, while it was foundedprimarily with foreigners as the target group, is actually becoming animportant part of the mental health support system for Japanese.
This situation should be recognized, and acknowledged by the Ministryfor Health, Labor and Welfare.
Many TELL volunteers are resident in Japan for short periods
varying from one to three years, as they work for JET 䋨 The Japan
Exchange and Teaching䋩 or for foreign companies.

After their initialtraining, they may only be able to serve TELL from 6 months to one year.
The pressure of training several times a year in order to maintainadequate numbers of phone counselors is very heavy.
Furthermore, many of the trainees are Japanese, fluent inEnglish and capable of making a large contribution to the establishmentof similar mental health care systems for the Japanese population.
It is therefore requested that:
The role of TELL and Lifelines in community mental healthshould be recognized, acknowledged and publicized. 㩷 Appropriate
funding and support for training should be extended to the organization.
Conclusion: The Future Role of Lifeline
Lifelines were founded in a period when there was stillwidespread fear and stigma attached to mental illness.

In Japan, thestigma associated with mental illness continues to be very strong andmany Japanese people still feel great shame in admitting any form ofmental health problem.

19

The concept of counseling as a form of health service is still notgenerally accepted in Japan.

Most psychiatrists support an entirely

pharmacological approach to treatment and see patients for no more thana few minutes in order to prescribe medication.

This means that

Lifelines are overwhelmed with people needing counseling support. In
the current situation of severely limited availability of Welfare personnel
and funding, organizations such as IND and TELL are making a major,
but largely unacknowledged contribution to maintaining the mental andemotional stability of many foreign women and men, and a rapidly
increasing number of Japanese.
The very rapid growth and expansion of Lifeline centers aroundthe world has made a great contribution to community mental health. Last
year, at the International Lifeline Conference in November 2002, it was
decided that Lifeline International would seek affiliation with the World
Health Organization, as an important community-based institution
providing mental health support.

It would be desirable if this would

spur the Japanese government to recognize, support and promote the roleof the Lifeline centers both Japanese and non-Japanese, as key providersof community mental health care in this country.

This report was written by Helen Fujimoto, the instructor of TELL
counseling. We would like to express our gratitude to Saori Kitajima, who madepossible the compilation of data into tables and figures and to Akimi Fujimoto andJillian Yorke for reading and commenting on drafts of this report.

20

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Studies,

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University,

International

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Catholic Diocese of the Yokohama Solidarity Center for Migrants, 1997,
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Japan and Global Migration,

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21Mori, Hiromi, 1997, Immigration Policy and Foreign Workers in Japan,
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Nakagawa, Isao, 1999.

“The Situation and Voices of Asian Foreign

Workers in Japan”, International Symposium on Globalization of Labor
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1989.

Japan Through the Eyes of Women

Migrant Workers, Japan Women’s Christian Temperance Union.
TELL Annual Reports for the years 1999, 2000, 2001
Thai Women in Japan: A Joint Seminar held by the Thai Embassy, theJapanese Government and Japanese NGOs, Sept. 22 1999.
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22

List of Figures and Tables


Table 1

No. of Calls by Problem 1999-2002



Figure 1

No. of Calls by Problem, 1999-2002

Table 2

No. of Callers by Region of Origin and Age Group

1999-2002


Figure 2㩷 No. of Callers by Region of Origin 1999-2002



Figure 2-2

Table 3

No. of Callers by Age Group 1999-2002

Callers by Region of Origin and Age Group: The Case of

Medical Information 2002


Figure 3

Callers by Origin and Age: The Case of

MedicalInformation 2002


Table

4

CallersbyOrigin

and

Age:

The

Case

of

and

Age:

The

Case

of

Depression/Loneliness/Anxiety 2002


Figure4

CallersbyRegionDepression/Loneliness/Anxiety 2002
Table 5

Callers by Origin and Age: The Case of Family/Partner

Relationships 2002


Figure 5 Callers by Origin and Age: The Case of Family/Partner
Relationship 2002

Appendix¾ No. of Calls by Gender¾ No. of Calls by Age¾ No. of Calls by Nationality¾ No. of Calls by Problem Category

23

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II. ᧲੩⧷⺆޿ߩߜߩ㔚⹤㧔TELL㧕
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III. ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ࿖ੱ␠ળ p27
1㧚 ੱญ
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V. ✚᜝ߣឭ⸒
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VI. ⚿⺰㧦࡜ࠗࡈ࡜ࠗࡦߩ዁᧪⊛ᓎഀ࿑ߣ⴫ߩ࡝ࠬ࠻
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24

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I㧚ᐨ┨
 ᄖ࿖ߩᅚᕈ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆ໧㗴ߣขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ⊒⸒ߔࠆ⚵❱߿୘ੱߪߚߊߐࠎ
޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖ੱഭ௛⠪ߣㅪᏪߔࠆో࿖ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ‫ࠢ࠶࡝࠻ࠞޔ‬ᮮᵿᢎ඙‫ޔ‬ή࿖☋ఽࠍߥߊߔᅚᕈࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߩߚ߼ߦㆱ㔍ᚲࠍᡰេߔ
ࠆ⚵❱ߥߤߩ㧺㧼㧻⚵❱ߩ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠇ߫‫ߥߺޔ‬หߓࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴߇ឭ⿠ߐࠇ
ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛᔃ⊛ߥ໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈߩᮭ೑ߦኻߔࠆᴺ⊛଻⼔ߩᰳᅤߢ޽
ࠅ‫ߦߣߎޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߢߥ޿ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈࠍᗧ࿑ߩ޽ࠆߥߒߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕᏅ೎ߔ
ࠆ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽⊛ᚻ⛯ߣߘߩ⓹ญߩ໧㗴߇޽ߍࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩႎ๔ᦠߪ‫⽷ޔ‬࿅ᴺੱࠕࠫࠕᅚᕈၮ㊄ߩଐ㗬ࠍฃߌ‫᧲ޔ‬੩⧷⺆޿ߩߜߩ㔚⹤㧔Tokyo English Life Line, એਅ TELL ߣ⇛ߔ㧕ߩ⾗ᢱ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈ߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ ߪߜߚ⑳ޕ‬TELL ߇‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߩߺߥࠄߕᣣᧄੱᅚᕈߩߚ߼ߦ‫ߎߎޔ‬ࠈߩஜᐽߦߟ޿ߡ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ‫ޔ‬TELL ߩ⾗ᢱࠍ૶ߞߡ‫⺑ޔ‬᣿ߒߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪߎߎࠈߩஜᐽߦ㑐ߒߡߪ߹ߛలಽߦ㈩ᘦߐࠇߕ‫⾗ߚ߹ޔ‬㊄⊛ߥⵣߠߌ߽ਇ⿷߉ߺߢߔ‫⾗ߩߎߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᢱ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⋧⺣㔚⹤߇࿾ၞ␠ળߢߎߎࠈߩஜᐽߣ޿߁ಽ㊁ߢ⽸₂ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐ߇ౣ⹺⼂ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥᡰេߣ⾗㊄េഥ߇ⴕࠊࠇ
ࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ╙㧞ㇱߢߪ‫ߩߜߩ޿ޔ‬㔚⹤ߩᚑࠅ┙ߜߣᓎഀ‫ߣࠕࠖ࠹ࡦ࡜ࡏޔ‬ᓐࠄߩ⎇ୃߦߟ޿ߡ◲ẖߦ⺑᣿ߒ߹ߔ‫╙ޕ‬㧟ㇱߢߪᄖ࿖ੱࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩੱᢙߣ‫ޔ‬ਥߥ޿ߊߟ߆ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦߟ޿ߡ⺑᣿ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆ࿖㓙⚿ᇕࠍ⠨߃‫ߡࠇߟߦࠇߘޔ‬Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆᣣᧄੱ↵ᕈߣᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߣߩ㑆ߦ↢߹ࠇࠆሶଏߚߜߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃߹ߔ‫╙ޕ‬㧠ㇱߢߪ‫ޔ‬TELL ߳㔚⹤ࠍ߆ߌߡߊࠆ
ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߩ⋧⺣ౝኈࠍಽᨆߒ߹ߔ‫╙ޕ‬㧡ㇱߪ‫ߢ⺣⋧ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ໧㗴ߣߒߡ‫ߕ߹ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߦ․᦭ߥ໧㗴‫ޔ‬㧞⇟⋡ߦᣣᧄੱߣᄖ࿖
ੱᅚᕈ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆᣣᧄߩක≮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩਇ஻ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃߹ߔ‫╙ޕ‬㧢ㇱߢߪ‫ߣ⺰⚿ޔ‬ᡷༀ╷ࠍㅀߴ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬II. ᧲੩⧷⺆޿ߩߜߩ㔚⹤㧔TELL㧕
1. ഃ┙ߣᴪ㕟 ᦨೋߩ޿ߩߜߩ㔚⹤ߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧥㧢㧟ᐕߦࠕ࡜ࡦ࡮࠙ࠜ࡯ࠞ࡯’Ꮷߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ࠪ࠼࠾࡯ߢ㐿⸳ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ⍴ᦼ㑆ߦ‫ߩߜߩ޿ޔ‬㔚⹤ߪฦ࿖ߢ⸳┙ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧝㧥㧢㧥ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬㧞㧝ߩ⹺น࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ߢ߈‫ޔ‬㧝㧥㧣㧢ᐕߦߪ㧝㧞ࠞ࿖ߢ㧝㧟㧞ߩ⹺น࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߩᣣᧄ⺆ߦࠃࠆ࡜ࠗࡈ࡜ࠗࡦ‫ߩߜߩ޿ޔ‬㔚⹤ߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧥㧣㧝ᐕߦ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩትᢎᏧߦࠃߞߡ᧲੩

25

ߢഃ⸳ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦᄖ࿖ੱ␠ળߩߚ߼ߦ߽หߓࠃ߁ߥᵴേ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬㧝㧥㧣㧟ᐕߦᄙߊߩ᦭ᔒߣ⧷⺆ࠍ⹤ߔ㧡ߟߩᢎળ߇ᡰេߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ␠ળߩߚ߼ߩ㕖༡೑⚵❱‫ޔ‬TELL ࠍ⸳┙ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬TELL ߪ࿖㓙࡜ࠗࡈ࡜ࠗࡦߦട⋖ߒ‫ޔ‬޽߹ࠅቬᢎ⦡ߩߥ޿࿖㓙⚵❱ߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧝㧥㧥㧝ᐕ‫ޔ‬㔚⹤ߛߌߢߥߊኾ 㐷 ⊛ 㕙 ធ ᴦ ≮ ㇱ 㐷 㧔 Tokyo Community Counseling Service, ㅢ ⒓
TCCS㧕߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߣ⧷⺆ߢߩࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ߹ߒ
ߚ‫☨ߪࠇߎޕ‬࿖ߩࠨࡑ࡝࠲ࡦදળ㧔⧷࿖ߩ Samaritans ߣߪ೎⚵❱㧕ߩදജߩ߽ߣߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ㜞޿⥃ᐥ⊛ၮḰࠍࠢ࡝ࠕߒ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⹏ଔࠍᓧ
ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧝㧥㧥㧟ᐕ㧥᦬ߦ‫࠭ࠗࠛ ޔ‬ኾ㐷⋧⺣‫ޔ‬㧝㧥㧥㧠ᐕߦࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦ⺆ኾ㐷⋧⺣߇㐿⸳ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫┙⸳߇⺣⋧⺆ࡦࡇ࡝ࠖࡈ߿⺣⋧߽࠭ࠗࠛߦઁߒ߆ߒޕ‬ߐࠇߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬TELL ߢߪ߽ߪ߿ᔅⷐᕈ߇ߥߊߥࠅ‫ޔ‬㧝㧥㧥㧤ᐕߣ㧞㧜㧜㧜ᐕߦߘࠇߙࠇᑄᱛߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬TELL ߦߪࠛࠗ࠭໧㗴ߣࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦੱߚߜ߆ࠄߩߚߊߐࠎߩ㔚⹤⋧⺣߇ߘߩᓟ߽⛮⛯ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ
ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߩੱ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢ࠮ޔߪޘ‬㧝㧙㧝એਅߦಽ㘃ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄢඨߪᅚᕈߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝ⸶ߪࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯߇޿ࠆੱ‫ޔ߆ޘ‬ᣣᧄੱߣ⚿ᇕߒߚ޽ࠄࠁ
ࠆ࿖☋ߩᄖ࿖ੱᆄ‫ޔ‬JET ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ௛޿ߡ޿ࠆੱ‫ޔޘ‬ᣣᧄߢ௛ߊࡆࠫ
ࡀࠬ࠙࡯ࡑࡦ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶⠪‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⠪‫ޔ‬૞ኅ‫ޔ‬ᢎᏧ‫ⴚ⧓ޔ‬ኅ޽ࠆ޿ߪ⧓⢻ੱߚߜߢߔ‫߇ߤࠎߣ߶ߩࠕࠖ࠹ࡦ࡜ࡏޕ‬ᅚᕈߢ‫ޔ‬࿖☋ߪߐ߹ߑ߹ߢߔ‫ޕ‬㧞㧜㧜㧞ᐕ‫ޔ‬TELL ߦߪ㧝㧤ࠞ࿖߆ࠄߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔੱ‫߹޿߇ޘ‬ߒߚ‫ޕ‬૗ੱ߆ߩࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߪ⥄ಽ⥄り߇ㆊ෰ߦ TELL ߦ㔚⹤⋧⺣ߒ‫ޔ‬ߘߩᤨߩኻᔕ߇ߣߡ߽ࠃ߆ߞߚߩߢ⥄ಽ߽⎇ୃࠍฃߌ‫ߦ࡯࡜࠮ࡦ࠙ࠞޔ‬ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ․╩ߔߴ߈ߎߣߢߔ‫ߩઁޕ‬࿖ߢ⎇ୃࠍฃߌ‫␠ޔ‬ળᄺ઀ࠍߒߚ޿ߣ޿߁ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ߽޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
TELL ߩ⎇ୃߩᔒ㗿⠪ߪ‫↳ߥ⚦⹦ޔ‬ㄟᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬㧝ᤨ㑆ߩ㕙ធࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬ㆡᕈ߇޽ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߩ⹏ଔࠍߒ߹ߔ‫ࠍୃ⎇ޕ‬ฃߌࠆߎߣ
߇᳿߹ࠇ߫‫࠻ࡦࠛࠗ࡜ࠢޔ‬ਛᔃߩ⍴ᦼࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㧢㧜ᤨ㑆ߩኾ㐷⊛⎇ୃࠍฃߌߚᓟ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦ㔚⹤⋧⺣ࠍฃߌࠆ㧞㧠ᤨ㑆ߩታ⠌߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧞ᤨ㑆ඨߢ㧞㧠࿁ߩ᝼ᬺ߇ㅳ㧞࿁ߢ㧝㧞ㅳ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታ⠌↢ߪ‫ޔ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥ௑⡬ᛛⴚࠍ߽ߣߦߒߚၮᧄ⊛ߥࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣᛛᴺࠍቇ߮‫⇣ߚ߹ޔ‬ᢥൻ㑆ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫∔␹♖ޔ࠭ࠗࠛޔ∛ߟ߁ޔ‬ᖚ‫ޔ‬㤗⮎ଐሽ߅ࠃ߮
⥄Ვߦ㑐ߔࠆಽ㊁ߩቇ⠌ࠍߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬26

ߎߩ⎇ୃߪࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦࠃࠆ૕㛎ታ⠌ࠍ฽ߺ߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩታ⠌↢ߦߣߞߡ‫ߩ↢ੱ߇ࠇߎޔ‬ォᯏߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߢߔ‫ߪୃ⎇ߩߎޕ‬࿖㓙⊛ߦ⹺⍮ߐࠇߚኾ㐷⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ‫ࠍࠢ࡯ࡢࠬ࡯ࠤߪߦ߆ߥޔ‬ቇ߱Ḱ஻⊛ߥቇ⠌ߣߒߡฃ⻠ߔࠆੱ߽޿߹ߔ‫ߦࠕࠖ࠹ࡦ࡜ࡏߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ഥߌߡ߽ࠄߞߚੱ‫޽ߪߡ޿ߟߦޘ‬ߣߢㅀߴ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬III. ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ࿖ੱ␠ળ㧝㧚ੱญ ᣣᧄߦ૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆᄖ࿖ੱߩోੱญߪ‫ޔ‬วᴺ࡮㕖วᴺࠍ฽߼ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㧝㧥㧥㧤ᐕߦ߅ࠃߘ㧝㧤㧜ਁੱߢߒߚ‫ߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬㧣㧠㧚㧟㧑߇ࠕࠫࠕੱߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬᳗ਭዬ૑ᮭࠍᜬߟ㖧࿖ੱߣਛ࿖ੱߩ㧡㧠ਁ㧟ජੱ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ᢙචᐕ㑆ߦ⒖᳃ߒߡ߈ߚੱ㧥㧟ਁ㧥ජੱ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᧲੩ߦߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧣㧜ࠞ࿖߆ࠄߩ⊓㍳ߐࠇߚᄖ࿖ੱ߇߅ࠃߘ㧞㧢ਁੱ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧞㧜㧜㧜ᐕ㧝᦬߹ߢߦ‫ᦼࠩࡆޔ‬㒢ಾࠇߩᄖ࿖ੱ߇㧞㧣ਁ㧢ජੱߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ࠫࡖࡄࡦ࠲ࠗࡓ࠭‫ޔ‬㧞㧜㧜㧜ᐕ㧠᦬㧠ᣣ㧕‫⏕ޔ߇ࠎߖ߹ࠅ޽ߪ⸘⛔ޕ‬ታߦჇ߃⛯ߌࠆਇᴺ⒖᳃⠪ߪ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩ↸߿ㇺᏒߩዊߐ޿ᑪ⸳ળ␠‫ޔ‬Ꮏ႐߿࡟ࠬ࠻࡜
ࡦࠍォ‫ޕߔ߹ߒߣޘ‬ዞഭࡆࠩࠍᜬߟᅚᕈߩᄢㇱಽߪ‫ޔ‬ᇅᭉ↥ᬺߢ௛ߊ⍴ᦼࡆࠩࠍᜬߟ᧲ධࠕࠫࠕߩᅚᕈߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ⚻ᷣਇᴫߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬㧞㧜㧜㧞ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ዞഭᄖ࿖ੱߪ㧞㧜㧜㧝ᐕߣᲧセߒߡ㧞㧚㧤ࡄ࡯࠮ࡦ࠻Ⴧടߒ‫ޔ‬㧞㧞ਁ㧣㧥㧤㧠ੱߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧔ࠫࡖࡄࡦ࠲ࠗࡓ࠭‫ޔ‬㧞㧜㧜㧞ᐕ㧝㧞᦬㧝㧣ᣣ㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ౝ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷޿ߜ߫ࠎᄙ޿ߩߪ࡜
࠹ࡦ࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߆ࠄߢ㧟㧥㧚㧠㧑‫ߩࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޔ‬㧟㧠㧚㧢㧑ߘߒߡ‫᧲ޔ‬ධࠕࠫࠕ߇㧝㧞㧚㧢㧑ߣ⛯޿ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚᭴ᚑోߡߩᄖ࿖ੱߦ౒ㅢߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬಴↢࿖એᄖߢߩ↢ᵴߪ‫ࠬ޿ߒ⪺ޔ‬࠻࡟ࠬߣᔃℂ⊛㊀࿶ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢߔ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᚲዻߔࠆᄖ࿖ੱ
ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߳ߩᡰេ૕೙ߩᰳᅤߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩ੐ᖱ‫ޔ‬࿖☋‫ੱޔ‬⒳‫ޔ‬ᕈ೎ߥߤߩ
㆑޿ࠃࠅ߽‫ߦ߆ࠆߪޔ‬ಾታߥ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩ౉࿖ߩᣇᴺ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⊛࡟ࡌ࡞߽‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߩ␠ળ⊛‫ޔ‬୘ੱ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫߦ߆ߥࠅᓇ㗀ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߦ޿ࠆᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈ߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ໧㗴ߩ․ᕈࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼‫ߕ߹ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢߩᓐᅚࠄߩ↢ᵴߣ઀੐ߩ⢛᥊ࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᄖ੤‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ࡆࠫࡀࠬߥ޿ߒኾ㐷⡯ߢ௛ߊੱ‫ޘ‬⚻ᷣߩో⋓ᦼߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ੤޽ࠆ޿ߪࡆࠫࡀࠬߢߩ࿖㓙ൻߪ㚂ㇺ࿤ߦ㓸ਛߒ

27

ߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫␠ޕ‬ળ⊛ߥ⚷ߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦᩭߣߥࠆࠛ࡝࡯࠻ᄖ࿖ੱጀࠍᡰ߃ࠆ⚵❱ࠍㅢߓߡ▽߆ࠇ‫ޔ‬㜞ᐲߦᵹേ⊛ߥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ࡘࡒࠦޔ‬࠾࠹ࠖߣ޿߁⸒⪲߇૶ࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ࠍ⺆⧷ޔ࡞࡯ࠢࠬ࡞࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡯࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬⹤ߔᄖ࿖ੱᢎળ߿໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲߥ޿ߒߪኾ㐷ኅߦࠃࠆදળߣ޿ߞߚ⚵❱߇‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⊛࡮␠ળ⊛࡮ቬᢎ⊛ߥㇱಽࠍᡰ߃‫⋧ޔ‬੕ߦࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᕆㅦߥᄖ࿖ੱߩჇᄢߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩⷐᦸߦᔕߓߚ⋥ធߥ޿ߒ㑆ធ⊛ߥࡆࠫࡀࠬ߇⸳┙ߐࠇ‫઀ޔ‬੐ࠍㅢߒߡฦᣇ㕙ߢᄖ࿖ੱߩߚ߼ߦ௛ߊኾ㐷⡯߿ࡎࡢࠗ࠻ࠞ࡜࡯ᣖ߽Ⴧ߃‫߽ࠇߘߚ߹ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ൻߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߕࠊߦࠄߐޕ‬߆ߥ߇ࠄ߽ᣣᧄੱߩળ␠ߦ߽⏕ታߦᄖ࿖ੱ㓹↪⠪߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᅚᕈߚߜ߽․ቯߩ࿾૏߿ᓎഀࠍභ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫઀߫߃଀ޕ‬੐߿ᄢ૶㙚㑐ଥߢ᧪ᣣߔࠆ↵ᕈߩᆄߚߜߪ‫“ޔ‬ㅪࠇߡߎࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚ㈩஧⠪”ߣ๭߫ࠇ‫⋥ߦࠬ࡟࠻ࠬ߿✵⹜ߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬㕙ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄖ੤ቭ߿ࡆࠫࡀࠬ࠙
࡯ࡑࡦߚߜ߽ᧂᇕ࡮ᣢᇕߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᢥൻ߿ⅣႺߩਛߢหߓࠃ߁
ߥ⹜✵ߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬વ⛔⊛ߥ↵ᕈߣᅚᕈߩᓎഀߦߟ޿ߡߩ⠨߃ᣇߩ㆑޿߇ᩮᒝߊᱷࠆ␠ળߢ⹜ⴕ㍲⺋ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⁁ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᴫߩਛߢᅚᕈ
ߚߜߪ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ߦ߽ᢥൻ⊛ߦ߽ቅ┙ߣ㐽Ⴇᗵࠍᒝ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
JET㧔The Japan Exchange and Teaching㧕㧝㧥㧤㧜ᐕઍ߆ࠄ߽߁߭ߣߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߩᣇ㊎ߦࠃࠅ᧪ᣣߒ߹
ߒߚ‫ోޕ‬࿖ߩਛቇ࡮㜞ᩞߢᣣᧄੱ↢ᓤߦ⧷⺆ࠍᢎ߃‫ߚ߹ޔ‬࿾ᣇቭᐡߢ௛
ߊߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ᡽ᐭߩ JET ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢߔ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޕ‬࿖߆ࠄ᧪ߚ
⧯޿ੱߚߜߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ߘߩඨಽએ਄ࠍ⧯޿ᅚᕈ߇භ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߪᣣᧄߦṁߌㄟ߼ߚߩߢߔ߇‫৻ޔ‬ㇱߩ⧯⠪ߚߜߪ⪺ߒ޿⇣ᢥൻߦࠃࠆቅ┙ᗵ߆ࠄߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ㕙ߢᖠߺ‫␹♖ޔ‬㕙ߢߩᴦ≮߿ක≮㕙ߢߩេഥࠍ
ᔅⷐߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖ੱഭ௛⠪
㧝㧥㧤㧜ᐕએ㒠‫᧪ޔ‬ᣣߒߚᄖ࿖ੱഭ௛⠪ߩᄢඨߪ‫ޔ‬⍴ᦼߩഭ௛⠪ߢߔ‫ޕ‬Ꮏ႐߿ᑪ⸳ᬺ‫ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޔ‬ᬺ߿ᇅᭉ↥ᬺߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥಽ㊁ߢ⍴ᦼߩ઀੐ߦ
ᓥ੐ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ഭ௛ജߪ‫ޔ‬ᑪ⸳ㇱ㐷߿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ↥ᬺߢ௛ߊ↵ᕈߣ⵾ㅧᬺ‫ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޔ‬ᬺ߿ᇅᭉㇱ㐷ߢ௛ߊᅚᕈߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬࿖☋߿ᕈ೎ߢ඙ಽߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠛࡦ࠲࡯࠹ࠗ࠽࡯
ᅚᕈߦਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆࡆࠩߩ⒳㘃ࠍ⺞ߴࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ᡽ᐭߪࠛࡦ࠲࡯࠹ࠗ࠽࡯
ߣߒߡ౉࿖ߔࠆᅚᕈࠍ㊀ⷐⷞߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߦ࿶ୟ⊛ߦᄙ޿઀੐ߩಽ㊁ߢߔ‫ޕ‬28ᣣᧄ߆ࠄ࠲ࠗ߿ࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦ߳ߩ⾈ᤐ࠷ࠕ࡯ߪ㧝㧥㧤㧜ᐕઍߦỗᷫߒ߹ߒߚ߇‫ߣ⛎⊒ߩࠩࡆߩߡߒߣ࡯࠽ࠗ࠹࡯࠲ࡦࠛࠄ߆ᦼᤨߩߎޔ‬ᣣᧄߦੱりᄁ⾈ߐࠇߚᅚᕈߩᢙ߇‫ޔ‬ᕆỗߦჇᄢߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬NGO ߩࠪࠚ࡞࠲࡯㧔৻ᤨ଻⼔ᣉ⸳㧕ߦ଻⼔ߐࠇࠆᅚᕈ߿ᴺോዪߩᱜᑼߥ࿖೎ߩᢙ୯߇␜ߔࠃ߁
ߦ‫ޔ‬㧝㧥㧥㧜ᐕએ᧪‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᇅᭉ↥ᬺߢ௛ߊᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߩ߶ߣࠎߤ߇‫ޔ‬࠲ࠗ߿ࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖ᅚᕈߩߎߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ߦࡊ࡯࡞ࠣߩઁޔ‬Ყߴߡᦨ߽ੱᮭ߇ଚኂߐࠇ
ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ࠍ߻߿ޕ‬ᓧߕᕈ↥ᬺߢ௛޿ߡ޿ࠆᅚᕈߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬㓹↪㑐ଥߪᄢᄌᒙ޿┙႐ߦ߅߆ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᓐᅚࠄߪ߹ߔ߹ߔήജߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᅚᕈߚߜߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ‫␠߿⪲⸒ޔ‬ળ⊛೙ᐲߦή⍮ߢ޽ࠆ߇ࠁ߃ߦ㉃૶ߐࠇߡ
޿߹ߔ‫઀ޔߪߜߚੱߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬੐ߩౝኈ߆ࠄ⷗ߡ␠ળߩਥᵹ߆ࠄቅ┙ߒߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߢߪ‫ޔ‬૗ߩ␠ળ⊛࡮ᴺ⊛ߥេഥ߇ฃߌࠄࠇߕ㧔ILO, P㧝㧤㧕‫ޔ‬߹ߚߒ߫ߒ߫␠ળ⊛࡮ᴺ⊛ߥᏅ೎߿ੱᮭଚኂࠍฃߌߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߞ޿߁ߎޕ‬ߚࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦᅚᕈ߆ࠄߩ㔚⹤ߪᤨ‫ߩࠗ࠲޿ߥߖ⹤ߩ⺆⧷ޔ߇ߔ߹ࠅ޽ޘ‬ᅚᕈ߆ࠄߩ㔚⹤ߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᣣ♽࡜࠹ࡦ࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞੱഭ௛⠪㧝㧥㧥㧜ᐕߦ᡽ᐭߪ‫ޔ‬න⚐ഭ௛ߦᓥ੐ߔࠆੱᚻਇ⿷ࠍ⸃ᶖߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ධࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߆ࠄᣣ♽ഭ௛⠪ߦഭ௛ࡆࠩࠍ⊒⛎ߔࠆ᡽╷ࠍⴕ޿߹ߒߚ‫ߐ߹ޕ‬ߦ․ቯੱ⒳ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚߎߩ᡽╷ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ޿ࠆࡉ࡜ࠫ࡞ੱߩᢙࠍ㧝㧥㧥㧜ᐕ㧡㧢,㧜㧜㧜ੱ߆ࠄ㧝㧥㧥㧤ᐕߦߪ㧞㧞㧜,㧜㧜㧜ੱ߳ߣჇടߐ
ߖ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣣ♽ੱߢ޽ߞߡ߽⸒⪲߿ᢥൻ⊛㆑޿ߪ‫◲ߤ߶ࠇߘޔ‬නߦߪ⸃᳿ߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇ߔߋߦࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣ♽࡜࠹ࡦ࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞੱߪᣣᧄ⺆ࠃࠅ߻ߒࠈࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆߆ࡐ࡞࠻ࠟ࡞⺆ࠍ⹤ߒ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ⴕേߣ⠨߃ᣇߪᣣᧄੱߣߪ߆ߥࠅ㆑޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧞਎㧟਎ߩᣣ♽࡜࠹ࡦ࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞੱߪዞഭࡆࠩࠍᓧࠄࠇߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬⍴ᦼߩࡆࠩࠍᜬ
ߟ᧲ධࠕࠫࠕߩᅚᕈߚߜ߇ᛴ߃ࠆᄙߊߩ໧㗴ߦߪ⋥㕙ߒߥߊߡ߽‫ߪ߿ޔ‬ࠅߘߩᄙߊߪᣣᧄੱߦ⷗߃ߡᣣᧄੱࠄߒߊߥ޿ߎߣ߳ߩ஍⷗ߦട߃‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ޿ߡ߽ᄖ࿖ᢥൻߣ⸒⪲ߦ㗅ᔕߔࠆ㔍ߒߐߦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢࠍฃߌߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߌࠇߤ߽ᓐࠄߪࡆࠩࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖߢ᧪ᣣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᅚᕈ࡮↵ᕈ౒ߦ㓹↪⠪߿㓞ੱߣߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ㔍ߒߐߦ⋥㕙ߒ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇሶଏߚߜߪ‫ޔ‬ቇᩞ߿࿾ၞ␠ળߢ⸒⪲ߥߤᢥൻ⊛࡮␠ળ⊛㆑޿߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆᄙߊߩ໧㗴ߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩੱ‫ࠍ⺆࡞ࠟ࠻࡞ࡐ⺆ࡦࠗࡍࠬࠅࠃ⺆⧷ࠈߒ߻ߪޘ‬⹤ߔߩߢ‫⋥ߩࡊ࡯࡞ࠣߩߎޔ‬㕙ߔࠆ໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬TELL ߩ⛔⸘ߦ޽߹ࠅࠃߊ
෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬

29ᄖ࿖ߩ⧎ᇾ
ᣣᧄੱߣᄖ࿖ੱߩ⚿ᇕߩჇടߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓟ߶ߤㅀߴ߹ߔ߇‫ߪߜߚ⑳ޔ‬ߎߩ┨ߢ‫⚿ޔ‬ᇕࠍ⋡⊛ߦ᧪ᣣߔࠆᄖ࿖ੱ⧎ᇾߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬಴↢₸ߩૐਅߣ‫޿⧯ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱᅚᕈ߇࿾ᣇߦ૑߻ߎߣࠍㆱߌࠆ௑ะ߇
ᒝ߹ࠅ‫੺ࠍࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࡯ࠞ࡯ࡠࡉޔ‬࿷ߒߚ⧯޿ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߣ⚿ᇕߔࠆ࿾ᣇ
ߩ⧯⠪ࠍᕆჇߐߖࠆේ࿃ߣ߽ߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ⧎ᇾߪᣣᧄߩ␠ળ᭴ㅧߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ․ᱶߥⅣႺߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᓐᅚࠄߪߐ߹ߑ߹ߥੱ⒳⊛஍⷗ߣᕈ⊛Ꮕ೎ߦ߽⋥㕙ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ኅῳ㐳೙ࠍ߽ߣߦߒߚኅᣖ߳ߦࠊ߆ߦṁߌㄟ߻ߎߣ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇ‫ߩࠅߥ߆ޔ‬ᢥൻ⊛ቅ┙ᗵߦ߽ᖠࠎߢ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄੱ↵ᕈ߳ᇾ޿ߛᄙߊߩᅚᕈߚߜߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄᢥൻ߳ㆡᔕߔࠆㆊ⒟ߢ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᢥൻ⊛‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛‫ޔ‬୘ੱ⊛⪾⮮ߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⧎ޕ‬ᇾߩ಴り࿖/࿾ၞߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᕈ⊛ੱ⒳⊛Ꮕ೎߇ߐࠄߦᒝߊߥࠆ
႐ว߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫޿⧯ޕ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩ⧎ᇾߚߜߪ‫ޔ‬㐳ᦼߩዬ૑‫ޔ‬ቅ⁛‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᘠ⠌߳㗅ᔕߒߥߊߡ޿ߌߥ޿㊀࿶߿‫ޔ‬ኅᐸ↢ᵴో⥸ߦᷰߞߡߦࠊ߆ߦṁߌߎ߹ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߩߢ‫ޕߔߢߩ޿ߔ߿߈ߟ்ߦ․ޔ‬㧟㧚ᣣᧄੱߣᄖ࿖ੱߣߩ⚿ᇕ ⟲㚍⋵દ൓ፒᏒߢ‫ߩࠕࠫࠕޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⹦ߒ޿⺞ᩏ߇㧝㧥㧥㧤ᐕߦⴕࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬દ൓ፒᏒߪ⵾ㅧᬺߩ઀੐߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ߇ᄙ޿ㇺᏒߢߔ‫⺞ߩߎޕ‬ᩏߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬㧡ᐕ߆ࠄ㧝㧜ᐕ߹ߚߪ‫ࠇߘޔ‬એ਄ߩ㐳ᦼߦࠊߚߞ
ߡᣣᧄߦዬ૑ߒߥ߇ࠄ௛߈⛯ߌࠆᄖ࿖ੱഭ௛⠪߇Ⴧടߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᐔဋᐕ㦂߇਄߇ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㐳ᦼṛ࿷⠪ߩჇടߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩᄖ࿖ੱߣᣣᧄੱߣߩ㐳ᦼߦࠊߚࠆ㑐ࠊࠅ߇↢߹ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 㧝㧥㧥㧢ᐕߦᣣᧄߢᱜᑼߦ⊓㍳ߐࠇߚ⚿ᇕߩ㧟㧚㧤㧑ߪ࿖㓙⚿ᇕߢߒߚ㧔㒙ㇱ‫ޔ‬㧼㧠㧕‫⚂ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬㧤㧜㧑ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖‫ޔ‬㖧࿖‫ߤߥࠗ࠲߿ࡦࡇ࡝ࠖࡈޔ‬ߩㄭ㓞⻉࿖߆ࠄߩᅚᕈߣᣣᧄੱ↵ᕈߣߩ⚿ᇕߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚ᣣᧄੱߣᄖ࿖ੱߣߩ㑆ߦ↢߹ࠇࠆሶଏߚߜ
ᣣᧄੱߣᄖ࿖ੱߣߩ㑆ߩ⚿ᇕ߇Ⴧടߔࠆߦߟࠇ‫⚿ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ᇕߦࠃߞߡ↢߹ࠇࠆሶଏߩᢙ߽Ⴧടߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ੍ᗐߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ᣣᧄੱห჻ߩ⚿ᇕߦࠃࠆૐ޿಴↢₸ߦᲧߴߡߎࠇࠄߩ⚿ᇕߦࠃࠆ಴↢₸ߪჇടߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩᲣⷫߚߜߣߘߩሶଏߚߜߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥ߇‫޽ޔ‬ࠆᄢቇߩකቇ⎇ⓥ࠴࡯ࡓߦࠃߞߡⴕࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⚿ᇕߢ↢߹ࠇߚሶଏߚߜߩᢙߪ഍⊛ߦჇടߒߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧝㧥㧥㧢ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩਔⷫ߆ࠄ㧟㧣ੱߦ৻ੱߩഀวߢሶଏ߇↢߹ࠇ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇ㚂

30ㇺ࿤ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧡ੱߦ৻ੱߩഀวߢߒߚ‫࡯࡝ޕ‬ᢎ᝼ߩ⎇ⓥߪක≮ᯏ㑐߿␠ળ⑔␩੐ോᚲߢߩᄖ࿖ੱ߳ߩኻᔕߦ㈩ᘦ߇ᄢ᏷ߦᰳߌߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔
ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥ⠪ߪ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ሶ⢒ߡ߿ሶଏߣᅧᇚߩஜᐽߩಽ㊁ߢ⿠ߎࠆ‫ߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬ᢥൻ⊛໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߩ৻⥸⊛ߥℂ⸃ਇ⿷ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧞㧜㧜㧞ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⚿ᇕߩᢙߪ‫ޔ‬㧟㧢‫ޔ‬㧜㧜㧜ઙߢ‫ޔ‬㧞㧜㧜㧝ᐕߦߊࠄߴߡ㧝㧟㧚㧣㧑ߩჇടߢ޽ࠅ㧔ࠫࡖࡄࡦ࠲ࠗࡓ࠭‫ޔ‬㧞㧜㧜㧞ᐕ㧝㧞᦬㧝ᣣ㧕‫ޔ‬หߓᐕߦߪ“࿖㓙ࡌࡆ࡯”߇㧞㧞‫ޔ‬㧜㧜㧜ੱ↢߹ࠇߚߣႎ๔ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߒߚ߇ߞߡቇᩞߣ␠ળ⑔␩ᯏ㑐߇‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩᢥൻࠍᜬߟሶଏߚߜ߇Ⴧടߒ⛯ߌࠆߎߣࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧵㨂㧚ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ಽᨆ㨀㧱㧸㧸߳߆ߌߡߊࠆ⋧⺣ో૕ߦߟ޿ߡߩಽ㘃ߣ⋧⺣ઙᢙࠍ␜ߔᦨೋߩ⴫
ߪ೎ߣߒߡ‫ࠇߘޔ‬એᄖߩోߡߩ⴫ߪᅚᕈ߆ࠄߩ⋧⺣ಽᨆߢߔ‫ోޕ‬૕ߩ᭎ⷐࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߩ߼ߓߪޔ‬ᄢ㗄⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬り૕ஜᐽ‫␹♖ޔ‬ஜᐽ‫ੱޔ‬㑆㑐ଥߣ␠ળ໧㗴ߦಽ㘃ߒ߹ߒߚ‫߁޿ߣ”ઁߩߘ“ޕ‬ಽ㘃ߦߪ‫ޔ‬᏷ᐢ޿ᖱႎឭଏ߇฽߹ࠇ
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ಽ㘃ߩᒻᑼߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢඨߩ⋧⺣߇߁ߟ‫ޔ‬ቅ⁛‫ޔ‬ᔃ㈩ߏߣ޿ߞߚߎߎࠈߩ
ಽ㊁ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㔚⹤ࠍ߆ߌߡߊࠆੱࠍ಴り࿖೎ߦಽ㘃ߔࠆߣ㧔࿑㧞㧕‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ㔚⹤߇ࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣߩવ⛔ࠍᜬߟࠕࡔ࡝ࠞੱ߆ࠄߩ⋧⺣ߢߔ‫․ޕ‬╩ߔߴ߈ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬㧞⇟⋡ߦᄙ޿ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇ᣣᧄੱߢ޽ࠆߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ⧷࿖‫⺆⧷ߚߞ޿ߣࠕ࡝࡜࠻ࠬ࡯ࠝޔ࠳࠽ࠞޔ࠼ࡦ࡜࡯ࠫ࡯ࡘ࠾ޔ‬࿤߇⛯߈߹ߔ‫ߔ⹤ࠍ⺆ࡦࠗࡍࠬ߿⺆࡞ࠟ࠻࡞ࡐޕ‬ධࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⻉࿖ߩੱ‫ߩࠄ߆ޘ‬㔚⹤ߪዋߥ޿߽ߩߩ‫߇࠲࡯࠺ߩߎޔ‬ಽᨆߐࠇߡ㧠ᐕ߇ㆊ߉߹ߒߚ߇‫ߩߎޔ‬࿾ၞ߆ࠄߩ⋧⺣ᢙ߇ᐞಽჇ߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߔ⹤ࠍ⺆࡞ࠟ࠻࡞ࡐߣ⺆ࡦࠗࡍࠬߒ߆ߒޕ‬ੱߚߜߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦᓎ┙ߟ TELL ߩࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱߇ߥߊ‫ޔ‬㒢ࠄࠇߚᤨ㑆ߦ⋧⺣ࠍߔࠆᢙዋߥ޿㧺㧳㧻ߥߤߦ㗬ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᐕ㦂೎ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔࿑㧞㧙㧞㧕ࠍߺࠆߣࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᕆࠍⷐߔࠆ㔚⹤߿ᾘ㔀ߥ㔚⹤ߪ‫ޔ‬㧞㧡ᱦ߆ࠄ㧟㧡ᱦߩᐕ㦂ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩᅚᕈߚߜ߆ࠄߢ‫᧪ޔ‬ᣣ㑆߽ߥ޿਎ઍߢ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ሶଏߩ಴↥‫ޔ‬ሶ⢒ߡ‫ੱޔ‬㑆㑐ଥ‫઀ޔ‬੐‫޿ߟߦࠩࡆޔ‬ߡߩ໧㗴ߦᦨ߽㑐ଥߒߡߊࠆᐕઍߢߔ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ㧟㧢ᱦ߆ࠄ㧠㧡ᱦߩᐕ㦂ጀ߽‫ޔ‬Ყセ⊛ዋߥ޿߽ߩߩዋߒߕߟჇടߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬“ࠫࡖࡄࡦࡊ࡜ࠬ”ߣ޿߁ಽ㘃ߪ‫⺑ߒߎߔޔ‬᣿߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽ㘃ߪ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߦ⿞છߒߚߎߣ߇޽ࠆ߆‫⇐ޔ‬ቇ⚻㛎߇޽ࠆ߆‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩ ⷫࠍᜬߟᣣ
ᧄੱߢ‫ߔ⹤ࠍ⺆⧷ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱ߆ࠄߩ⋧⺣ߩᕆჇߦኻᔕߒߡ૞ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ߎޕ‬ߩಽ㘃ߩ⋧⺣ᢙ߇ᕆỗߦჇടߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦߪ‫ߩߟߚ߰ޔ‬ℂ↱߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬31࿖㓙⚿ᇕߦࠃࠆሶଏߚߜߩჇടߣᶏᄖߦ૑ߺ‫ޔ‬Ꮻ࿖ߒ‫߇⺆⧷ޔ‬ႊ⢻ߢ߽ᣣᧄᢥൻߩౣㆡᔕߦ⧰ഭߒߡ޿ࠆᣣᧄੱߩჇടߢߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽ㘃ߪ߹ߔ߹ߔჇ
ടߔࠆߣ੍᷹ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㔚⹤⋧⺣ߩ⒳㘃ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔߟ߁ޔ‬ቅ⁛‫ޔ‬ᔃ㈩ߣ޿ߞߚಽ㊁ߢߪ㧔⴫㧝ߣ࿑㧝㧕‫ޔ‬ᐕઍ߿࿖೎ߢ߆ߥࠅߩ߫ࠄߟ߈߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣣᧄੱ߆ࠄߩ⋧⺣߇⋡┙ߞߡᕆჇߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ኅᣖ‫ߩߣ࡯࠽࠻࡯ࡄޔ‬㑐ଥߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ⋧⺣ಽ㘃ߢ߽หߓߎߣ߇⸒߃߹ߔ㧔⴫㧡ߣ࿑㧡㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽ㘃ߢ․╩ߔߴ߈ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬㧞㧡ᱦ߆ࠄ㧟㧢ᱦߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫߇⺣⋧ߩࠄ߆ੱࠕࠫࠕޔ‬Ყセ⊛ᄙ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ߩߎߩࠄ߆ੱࠕࠫࠕޕ‬ᐕઍࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ⋧⺣ᢙߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬໧㗴ಽ㘃ࠃࠅᄙߊ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱኅᐸ߳ᇾ޿ߛ⧯޿ࠕࠫࠕߩᅚᕈ߇ᕆჇߒߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣߩ෻ᤋߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ක≮ᖱႎಽ㘃㧔࿑㧟㧕ߢߩ⋧⺣ߪ߹ߚ‫߇ߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬㧞㧡ᱦ߆ࠄ㧟㧡ᱦߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩᅚᕈ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ޕ‬V.✚᜝ߣឭ⸒
㧝㧥㧥㧤ᐕߦ᧲੩ߢಽᨆߐࠇߚ߽ߩߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈ߇⹤ߔਥߥ໧
㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ቅ⁛‫ੱޔ‬㑆㑐ଥ໧㗴‫ޔ‬ኅᐸౝ᥸ജ‫⇣ޔ‬ᢥൻ໧㗴‫ޔ‬ഭ௛໧㗴‫੍ޔ‬ቯᄖᅧᆼ‫ޔ‬㧴㧵㨂/ࠛࠗ࠭ߣᕈ⊛᥸ⴕ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕߔ߹޿ߡߞߥߣࡊࠗ࡟ޔ‬໧㗴ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߪ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕߔߢߣߎࠆ޽ߊࠃޔ‬ኅᐸౝ᥸ജ߿઀੐ਛߢ
ߩ੐᡿߇ᷓೞߥ்ኂ߿‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ଻㒾ߥߒߢߩ㜞㗵ߥᴦ≮⾌ߦߟߥ߇ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬઀੐ࠍ⸃㓹ߐࠇࠆߣ‫்ޔ‬ኂ‫ޔ‬ᄬᬺ‫ߣࠬ࡟ࡓ࡯ࡎޔ‬ᭂᐲߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ߿∛᳇ࠍหᤨߦᒁ߈⿠ߎߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⋧⺣ߩᄢㇱಽߩಽ㘃߇ቅ⁛‫ޔߟ߁ޔ‬ᔃ㈩ߩ⋧⺣ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇‫⴫ޔ‬㧝ߣ㧠‫ޔ‬࿑㧠߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߢߔ‫⺣⋧ߩߎޕ‬ℂ↱ߪ‫ᤨߚߌ߆ࠍ⺣⋧ޔ‬ὐߢߩ⋧⺣⠪ߩ♖␹⁁ᴫߣᗵᖱ߇෻ᤋߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ಽ㘃ߦ฽߹ࠇࠆᗵᖱ߆ࠄ໧㗴ߩේ࿃ࠍផቯߔࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ႐วਇน⢻ߥߩߢߔ‫ޔߪߜߚ⑳ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㔚⹤⋧⺣ߩㆊ⒟ߢ⺑᣿ߒߥߊߣ߽ߚߊߐࠎߩේ࿃ࠍ฽߻‫ߩߎޔ‬ᔃℂ⁁ᘒߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ේ࿃ߩ޿ߊߟ߆ߪ♖␹⊛ߥ߽ߩ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫⁁ߩߎޔ‬ᴫߦ߅ߌࠆ⋧⺣⠪ߩᄢㇱಽߪ߅ߘࠄߊ␠ળ⊛ߥේ࿃ߢᖠࠎߢ޿ࠆߣ߽޿߃߹ߔ‫ޔߺߎߜ⪭ޕ‬ቅ⁛ߥ⁁ᘒߢ㔚⹤ࠍ߆ߌࠆ
ੱߪ޿ߟ߽㔍ߒ޿␠ળ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫߦᖠࠎߢ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߡߒߣ⺰⚿ޕ‬ᰴߦታ㓙ߩౕ૕⊛ឭ⸒ࠍ᜼ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧝㧚ක≮ᖱႎ
ක≮ᖱႎߩಽ㊁ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ଐὼߣߒߡ㔚⹤ߦࠃࠆ໧޿วࠊߖ߇ᄙ޿ߢߔ㧔⴫㧝ߣ㧟ߣ࿑㧟ࠍෳᾖ㧕‫∛ޕ‬㒮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩਛߢࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣ߿⑔␩ࠨ࡯ࡆ

32ࠬ߇‫߇ߣߎ޿ߥߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩߺߥࠄߕᣣᧄੱߩ㑆ߦ߽ᷓೞߥࠬ࠻
࡟ࠬࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ࠍࠣࡦ࡝࠮ࡦ࠙ࠞޕ‬ฃߌࠄࠇࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᭴▽߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬TELL ߪ⧷⺆ߩ⹤ߖࠆකᏧߣ࠮࡜ࡇࠬ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⾗ᢱࠍ૞ࠅ‫ᦨߡߒ⛯⛮ޔ‬ᣂᖱႎࠍ㓸߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ࠆࠃߦ⪲⸒ߩઁߣ⺆⧷ޕ‬ක≮ߣࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣᖱႎߪ‫ߩߡోޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ߇⸰ࠇࠆ඙ᓎᚲߣᏒᓎᚲߢ౉ᚻߢ
߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔߴ߈ߢߔ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚⚿ᇕߣ㔌ᇕᄙߊߩᄖ࿖ߩᅚᕈߣ↵ᕈߩࡆࠩߪᣣᧄੱߣߩ⚿ᇕߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢߔ‫߆ߒޕ‬ߒኅᐸౝ᥸ജߩ໧㗴ߪᅚᕈ․᦭ߩ໧㗴ߩࠃ߁ߢߔ‫ߩࠄ߆ࠕࠫࠕߦ․ޕ‬ᅚᕈߩᄙߊߪ‫ޔ‬㔌ᇕߣᒝ೙ㅍㆶ߆‫ޔ‬᥸ജࠍ߰ࠆ߁⋧ᚻߣ૑ߺ⛯ߌࠆߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬⠴߃㔍޿ㆬᛯߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ሶଏ߇޿ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᓐᅚߚߜߩㆬᛯߪߎߣ
ߩ߶߆ⶄ㔀ߣߥࠅ‫ޕߔ߹ࠅߥߊߒ߆ߕ߻ޔ‬ᴺ⊛೙ᐲߪ߆ߥࠅᚻ㑆ขࠅ‫ޔ‬ߘߩᚻ⛯߈ߪᄢᄌ㜞㗵ߢ‫ޔ‬ሶଏߩ଻⼔ߩࠤ࡯ࠬߢߪᣣᧄੱ஥ߦ᦭೑ߦ௛
ߊ௑ะ߇޽ࠆߩߢ‫ੱޔ‬ᮭଚኂ߽ߐࠄߦჇ߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ᡽ᐭߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱ↵ᕈߣᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߣߩ⚿ᇕߩ഍⊛ߥჇടࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱᅚᕈߩੱᮭࠍ቞ࠆߚ߼ߦ㔌ᇕᴺߣᚻ⛯߈ࠍᡷༀߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧟 ሶଏߚߜ̆⹺⍮ߦߟ޿ߡሶଏ߇ਔⷫߩߤߜࠄߩ࿖☋ߢ޽ࠇㆬᛯߢ߈ࠆᴺᓞ߇‫ޔ‬1984 ᐕߦ೙ቯߐࠇ
߹ߒߚ‫߅ߩߟߣ߭ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᓎᚲ઀੐ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩᧂᇕߩᲣߩሶଏ
ߚߜࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬૛ࠅ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣߢ
ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᧂᇕߩࠞ࠶ࡊ࡞ߩࠤ࡯ࠬߢߪሶଏ߇ᣣᧄੱߩ࿖☋ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ῳⷫߪሶଏ߇಴↢ߔࠆ೨ߦ․೎ߥ↳⺧ᦠ㧔⢝ఽߩ⹺⍮㧕ࠍឭ಴ߔࠆߎߣ
ߢῳⷫߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫⺧↳ޔߪᦠ⺧↳ߩߎޕ‬వߢ޽ࠆᓎᚲ߇‫⺧↳ޔ‬⠪୘ੱߦኻߒߡߩߺ⊒ⴕߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᔅⷐᚻ⛯ߪ৻⥸ߦࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ߦ߼ߚߩߘޔ‬ῳⷫ߇ሶଏߩ⹺⍮ࠍᜎุߔࠆ
ߎߣ߽ࠃߊ⿠ߎࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᔅⷐᦠ㘃ߩߎߣߪ޽߹ࠅ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ߘߩߎߣ߇࿖☋ߩߥ޿ሶଏߩ಴↢₸ࠍ㜞߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬⢝ఽ⹺⍮⊓㍳
ߩᚻ⛯߈ߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎߪᐢߊ⍮ࠄࠇ‫ߩߡోޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ߇ߤߎߩ඙ᓎᚲߢ
߽౉ᚻߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔߴ߈ߢߔ‫ޕ‬

33

㧠㧚ᢎ⢒
㔌ᇕᚻ⛯߈޽ࠆ޿ߪኅᐸౝ᥸ജ߆ࠄߩㅏㆱߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆᅚᕈߚߜߪ‫ޔ‬ሶଏߚߜߣ㔌೎ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߦ߽⋥㕙ߒ߹ߔ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬ሶଏߩ଻⼔ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇↢ߓ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄੱߩᄦ߆ࠄㅏࠇዬ૑⸵นࠍ᳞߼ࠆᅚᕈߚߜߪ‫ޔ‬㐳޿㑆ᓙߚߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߩߢ߆ߥࠅߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬ᓙߞߡ޿ࠆ㑆ߦஜᐽ଻㒾߽ฃߌࠄࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߿⡯ߩߥ޿ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫߇ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬߩߎޔ‬୚ടߔࠆߩߢߔ‫᥸ޕ‬ജࠍ߰ࠆ߁ᄦ߆ࠄሶଏࠍㅪࠇߡㅏߍ‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲ߳ㅏࠇࠆᅚᕈ
ߚߜߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩቇᩞ೙ᐲߦࠃߞߡᚭ☋⊓㍳ߩᚻ⛯߈ߣዬ૑࿾߆ࠄᦨ߽ㄭ
޿ቇᩞߦ಴Ꮸߔࠆ⟵ോ߇ේ࿃ߢ‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲߦ޿ࠆ㑆ߪሶଏࠍቇᩞ߳ㅢࠊߖ
ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߢߔ‫✕ޕ‬ᕆ੐ᘒߦ޽ࠆሶଏ‫ޔ‬ਇᴺṛ࿷ߩሶଏ‫ޔ‬ኅᐸౝ᥸ജߦࠃࠆ‶†⠪ߢ޽ࠆሶଏߚߜߩᢎ⢒ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ߩߣ߽ޔ‬ዬ૑඙߆ࠄ
㔌ࠇߚቇᩞߢ߽ᢎ⢒߇ฃߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ߩߎޔ‬೙ᐲࠍ߽ߞߣⲢㅢߩ߈ߊ
߽ߩߦߔߴ߈ߢߔ‫ޕ‬୘ੱ୘ੱߪ㆑߁ߣ޿߁ଔ୯ⷰߪߎߩ࿖ߢߪ৻⥸⊛ߦᛶ᛫߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ߎࠇߪᄖ࿖ੱߩሶଏߦᷓೞߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃߆ߨߥ޿ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬㆑޿ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ
ߎߣ߳ߩᛶ᛫ߣᜎุᗵߪ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩਥߥಽ㊁ߢሶଏߚߜߦᓇ㗀ߒ߹ߔ‫߭ޕ‬ߣߟߪ‫␩⑔ޔ‬੐ോᚲߣ∛㒮ߩ⡯ຬߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩᲣⷫߩᢥൻ⊛Ꮕ⇣ࠍℂ⸃ߒߒߡ޿ߥ޿႐ว‫߅ޔ‬ᓎᚲ઀੐ߣߒߡߩᣣᧄߩ೙ᐲࠍ᛼ߒઃߌࠃ߁ߣߒ‫ޔ‬⚿ᨐߣߒߡᄖ࿖ੱߩᲣⷫߦࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ߣ⮮⪾ޔ‬ቅ⁛‫ߜ⪭ߩࠈߎߎޔ‬ㄟߺࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߔ‫␩⑔ޕ‬੐ോᚲߣ∛㒮ߩ⡯ຬߪ⇣ᢥൻࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝
ࡦࠣߣኻᔕߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎߣᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌࠆߴ߈ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ᄖ࿖ੱߩሶଏߚߜߪ‫ޔ߫ߒ߫ߒޔ‬ฦ࿾ߩቇᩞߢ޿ߓ߼ߦ޽޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ዋᢙߢ޿ࠆᄖ࿖ߩሶଏࠍᐔ╬ߦᛒ޿‫ޔ‬ജߠߌࠆቇᩞߩⓍᭂ⊛ദജߪ‫ޔ‬ᐢߊ⍮ࠄߐࠇ‫ޕߔߢ߈ߴࠆࠇߐ⾥⾨ޔ‬㧡㧚ᅚᕈߦኻߔࠆ᥸ജ
ᅚᕈߦኻߔࠆ᥸ജ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ኅᐸౝ᥸ജߪ‫⼊ޔ‬ኤߣ⑔␩⡯ຬߦᘕ㊀ߦฃߌᱛ߼ࠄࠇߨ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩᄢ߈ߥ໧㗴ߩ߭ߣߟߪ‫౉ޔ‬࿖▤ℂዪ߇‫ޔ‬↵ᕈߣᅚᕈ߇౒ߦ↢ᵴߒߡ޿ࠆᄦᇚએᄖߦߪ㈩஧⠪ߩࡆࠩߩᦝᣂࠍߒߥ
޿ὐߣ‫ޔ‬㈩஧⠪߆ࠄߩ଻⸽ᦠࠍ߽ᔅⷐߣߒߡ޿ࠆὐߢߔ‫᧦ߩߎޕ‬ઙߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩᄖ࿖ੱ߇᥸ജ߿⯦ᓙߔࠆ㈩஧⠪ߣ౒ߦ↢ᵴࠍ⛯ߌߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ޿ߎ
ߣࠍᗧ๧ߒ߹ߔ‫᧦ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ઙߪ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈߚߜߩ↢๮ߣੱᮭࠍ቞ࠆߚ߼ߦ
߽ߗ߭ᄌᦝߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫᥸ޕ‬ജߦᖠ߻ᅚᕈ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ߩᅚᕈ
ߚߜࠍഥߌࠆߚ߼ߩ⼊ኤߣ⑔␩㑐ଥ⡯ຬߩᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ୃߪᦨఝవߐࠇࠆߴ
߈ߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬34㧢 ૑ቛ
᰷☨ੱߣห᭽ߦࠕࠫࠕੱߪ‫ߦߛ߹޿ޔ‬૑ቛߦ߅ߌࠆᏅ೎ߦ⧰ߒࠎߢ޿߹
ߔ‫ࠆ޽ޕ‬ਇേ↥ᬺ⠪ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ኅਥߩ߶ࠎߩ㧞ഀ߇ᄖ࿖ੱߦㇱደࠍ⾉ߒߡ߽ࠃ޿ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ ࠆ޽ޕ‬NGO ߪ‫ߩࡓ࠹ࠬࠪੱ⸽଻ޔ‬໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߒࠃ߁ߣ⹜ߺ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬૑ቛᏅ೎ߪ․ߦᧂᇕߩᲣߣ㔌ᇕߒߚᅚᕈ‫޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ߪ᥸ജ⊛ߥᄦ߿ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠍ߽ߟᅚᕈߦߣߞߡᷓೞߥ໧㗴ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᕈ‫ੱޔ‬⒳‫ޔ‬࿖☋ߦࠃࠆኅਥߩ࠹࠽ࡦ࠻߳ߩ‫߼✦ޔ‬಴ߒ޽ࠆ޿ߪᏅ೎ࠍή
ߊߔߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߩኻ╷߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ࠆ޽ޕ‬ዊߐߥ㧺㧳㧻ߪ‫߇࡯ࡃࡦࡔޔ‬ᐕળ⾌ࠍᛄ޿‫⾉⾓ޔ‬ᢱߩ଻⸽ࠍฃߌขࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ଻㒾ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ⸳┙ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ⴕޕ‬᡽ࠨࠗ࠼ߢߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱ࠍ⸳┙ߒ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ᡰេߔࠆߴ߈
ߢߔ‫ޕ‬᡽ᐭߪ଻⸽ੱ໧㗴ࠍήߊߔߚ߼ߦ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄េഥߣ଻㒾ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ⸳ቯ
ߔߴ߈ߢߔ‫ޕ‬㧣㧚ᣣᧄੱ߆ࠄߩ⋧⺣ TELL ߳㔚⹤ࠍ߆ߌࠆ⋧⺣⠪ߩ㧞㧜㧑ࠍභ߼‫⺣⋧ޔ‬⠪ߩ㧞⇟⋡ߦᄙ޿࿖ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇ᣣᧄੱߛߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᖱ✜⊛࡮♖␹⊛ߥ໧㗴ߢ‫ޔߪߣߎࠆߔ⺣⋧ߦ࡯࡜࠮ࡦ࠙ࠞޔ‬ᄙߊߩᣣᧄੱߦߣߞߡ޽߹
ࠅ৻⥸⊛ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫╙ࠍ⺆⧷ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ੑᄖ࿖⺆ߣߒߡ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬⒟ᐲᵹᥰ
ߦ⹤ߔੱߪ‫߁޿߁ߘߢ⺆⧷ޔ‬໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⹤ߔ߶߁߇᳇ᭉߛߣ⠨߃߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖⺆߇޿ߊࠄ߆ᗵᖱ߆ࠄ㓒ߚࠅࠍਈ߃‫⸃ޔ‬᡼⊛ߦߐߖ߹ߔ‫ߔ⹤ࠍ⺆⧷ޕ‬ᄙߊߩᣣᧄੱߪ‫ߢ⺆⧷ޔ‬୘ੱ⊛ߥ໧㗴ࠍ⹤ߔߎߣ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫ኈᤃߛߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇‫⑼␹♖ޔ‬ක߿⋧⺣⠪ߦࠃߞߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ᦨೋߦᄖ࿖ੱࠍኻ⽎ߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ TELL ߩ⋧⺣੐ᬺߪ‫ߪߢ߹޿ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߦߣߞߡ߽㊀ⷐߥࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࠤࠕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ৻ㇱߣߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ⴕޕ‬᡽஥ߦ߽‫ߩߎޔ‬ὐߦ᳇ߠ޿ߡ߽ࠄ޿ߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩ TELL ߩࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߚߜߪ‫ޔ‬㧝ᐕ߆ࠄ㧟ᐕߦࠊߚߞߡᣣᧄߦ
૑ߺ‫ޔ‬㧶㧱㨀߿ᄖ⾗♽ߩળ␠ߢ௛޿ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩࠣࡦ࠾࡯࡟࠻ޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߪ‫ޔ‬㧢ࡩ᦬߆ࠄ㧝ᐕߒ߆‫ޔ‬TELL ߢᵴべߒߥ޿ߩߢߔ‫᦭ޕ‬⢻ߥ㔚⹤⋧⺣ຬߩੱᢙࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㧝ᐕߦ૗ᐲ߽࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣࠍฃߌࠆࡊ࡟࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢᄌ෩ߒ޿߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦฃ⻠⠪ߩᄙߊߪ‫ࠍ⺆⧷ޔ‬ᵹᥰߦ⹤ߒ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱ␠ળߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬หߓࠃ߁ߥߎߎࠈߩࠤࠕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⸳┙ߦ߅߅޿ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ᦭⢻ߥᣣᧄੱߚߜߥߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ␠ળ⊛ߥࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋧⺣㔚⹤ߩᓎഀ߇߽ߞߣ⹺⍮ߐ35ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᐢߊ๟⍮ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߔ‫ߦߣߎߚߒ߁ߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓥ੐ߔࠆੱ᧚⢒ᚑߩߚ߼ߩ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥ⾗㊄េഥߣᡰេ߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬

VI.⚿⺰㧦࡜ࠗࡈ࡜ࠗࡦߩ዁᧪⊛ᓎഀ ࡜ࠗࡈ࡜ࠗࡦߪ‫∛ߩࠈߎߎޔ‬᳇ߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߛᕟࠇ߿஍⷗ߩ޽ࠆᤨઍߦ⸳
┙ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ‫ޔ‬ߎߎࠈߩ∛᳇ߦኻߔࠆ஍⷗ߪଐὼߣߒߡᩮᒝߊ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩᣣᧄੱߪߤࠎߥߎߎࠈߩ∛᳇ߩ໧㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߡ߽㕖Ᏹߦᕯߕ߆ߒ޿ߣ
ᗵߓ߹ߔ‫ࠍࠕࠤߩࠈߎߎޕ‬࿑ࠆࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣߩ⠨߃ᣇߪ‫ߛ߹ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ৻⥸⊛ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫⑼␹♖ߩߤࠎߣ߶ޕ‬කߪ‫≮‛⮎ޔ‬ᴺߦࠃࠆ⮎ࠍಣᣇߔࠆߚ߼ߦᢙಽߩ㑆‫ޔ‬ᖚ⠪ࠍ⸻߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍᔅⷐߣߒߡ޿ࠆੱ‫⺣⋧ߩࠄ߆ޘ‬㔚⹤߇㕖Ᏹߦᄙ޿‫߁޿ߣޔ‬੐ታߦ㛳߆ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫৻ߩߘޕ‬ᣇ‫␩⑔ޔ‬㑐ଥ⡯ຬ੍߽▚߽㕖Ᏹߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ⃻ᴫߢߪ‫ߩߜߩ޿ޔ‬㔚⹤㧔㧵㧺㧰㧕߿ TELL ߩࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱߇‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ߩᅚᕈ‫↵ޔ‬ᕈ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ᕆㅦߦჇടߒߡ޿ࠆᣣᧄੱ⋧⺣⠪ߦߣߞߡ߽‫࡮⊛␹♖ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛቟ቯࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߦ⽸₂ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇‫ࠅ߹޽ޔ‬⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ਎⇇ਛߩ࡜ࠗࡈ࡜ࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩᕆㅦߥჇടߣ᜛ᄢߪ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ߥ♖␹⊛ࠤࠕߦᄢ޿ߦ⽸₂ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧞㧜㧜㧞ᐕ㧝㧝᦬ߦ࿖㓙࡜ࠗࡈ࡜ࠗࡦળ⼏ߢ‫ߦࠕࠤߩࠈߎߎޔߪ❱⚵ߚߞ޿߁ߎޔ‬ὶὐࠍᒰߡ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ␠ળߦኒ⌕ߒߚ৻ߟߩᯏ㑐ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬਎⇇଻ஜᯏ㑐㧔WHO㧕ߣឭ៤ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ᳿⼏ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᯏ㑐߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ␠ળߩ♖␹⊛ஜᐽߩߚ߼ߩਛᔃ⊛ߥሽ࿷ߣߒߡᣣᧄ᡽ᐭߩ⹺⍮ߦᜉゞࠍ߆ߌ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱᄖ࿖ੱ෺ᣇߦߣߞߡߩ࡜ࠗࡈ
࡜ࠗࡦߩᓎഀࠍេഥߒ‫ޔ‬ଦㅴߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍᦸߺ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᧄౠߪ‫ࡦ࡟ࡋᧄ⮮ޔ‬㧔TELL ࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣ⻠Ꮷ㧕߇ၫ╩޿ߚߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߣ⴫ޕ‬࿑ߩ⾗ᢱ෼㓸ߦߏዧജࠍ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ‫ࠫࡈߚ޿ߛߚ޿ࠍ࠻ࡦࡔࠦޔࠎߐ࡝ࠝࠨ ࡑࠫ࠲ࠠޔ‬ࡕ࠻ ࠕࠠࡒߐࠎ‫ߦࠎߐࠢ࡯࡛ ࡦࠕ࡝ࠫޔ‬ᔃ߆ࠄᓮ␞ࠍ↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

36

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⴫ 1 ໧㗴೎⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ 1999㨪2002 ᐕ
࿑ 1 ໧㗴೎⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ 1999㨪2002 ᐕ
⴫ 2 ࿖೎ߣ਎ઍ೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ 1999㨪2002 ᐕ
࿑ 2 ࿖೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ 1999㨪2002 ᐕ
࿑ 2-2 ਎ઍ೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ 1999㨪2002 ᐕ
⴫ 3 ࿖೎㨯਎ઍ೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ㧧ක≮ᖱႎߦߟ޿ߡ 2002 ᐕ
࿑ 3 ࿖೎㨯਎ઍ೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ㧧ක≮ᖱႎߦߟ޿ߡ 2002 ᐕ
⴫ 4 ࿖೎㨯਎ઍ೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ㧧߁ߟ‫ޔ‬ቅ⁛‫ޔ‬ਇ቟ߦߟ޿ߡ 2002ᐕ࿑ 4 ࿖೎㨯਎ઍ೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ㧧߁ߟ‫ޔ‬ቅ⁛‫ޔ‬ਇ቟ߦߟ޿ߡ 2002ᐕ
⴫ 5 ࿖೎㨯਎ઍ೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ㧧ኅᣖ߿ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ 2002 ᐕ࿑ 5 ࿖೎㨯਎ઍ೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ઙᢙ㧧ኅᣖ߿ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ 2002 ᐕ

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AfricaS. America
South Asia
Not specified
Australia/NZ
Japan plus
East/SE AsiaUK
EU (non-UK)
N. America
Japan

2000

1500
41

䉝䊐䊥䉦
ධ☨
ධ䉝䉳䉝
ਇ᣿
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䉳䊞䊌䊮䊒䊤䉴
᧲䍃᧲ධ䉝䉳䉝
䉟䉩䊥䉴䍐䍕䍼䍶䍛એᄖ䈱㪜㪬
ർ☨
ᣣᧄ

1000

500

0

1999

2000

2001

2002

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0-11
17-24
25-35
36-45
45Unknown

1000

800

42

㪇㪄㪈㪈ᱦ
㪈㪎㪄㪉㪋ᱦ
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㪋㪌ᱦએ਄
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600

400

200

0
1999

2000

2001

2002

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17-24

70
60
50
40

44
30
20
10

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0

ർ☨‫ޓ‬㨼㩁㩨㩢㩇‫ޓ‬ᣣᧄ‫᧲ޓ‬㨯᧲ධ㨻㩆㩨㨻‫'ޓ‬7㨼㩁㩨㩢㩇એᄖ‫⽕ޓ‬Ꮊ࡮㩐㨷㨺㩆㩨㨺㩡㩧㩎㩨‫ޓ‬ධ㨻㩆㩨㨻‫ޓ‬㩆㩨㨶㩔㩩㩧㩖㩩㩡㩇‫ޓ‬ਇ᣿‫ࠞ࡝ࡈࠕޓޓ‬‫ޓ‬㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㩿㪋㪀㪅㩷㩷㪙㫉㪼㪸㫂㪻㫆㫎㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪺㪸㫃㫃㪼㫉㫊㩷㪹㫐㩷㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫆㫉㫀㪾㫀㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪸㪾㪼㩷㪾㫉㫆㫌㫇㪑㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪺㪸㫊㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㪻㪼㫇㫉㪼㫊㫊㫀㫆㫅㪆㫃㫆㫅㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㫊㫊䇭㪉㪇㪇㪉䇭㩿㪮㫆㫄㪼㫅㪀45⴫㩿㪋㪀䋬࿖೎䈫਎ઍ೎䈱㔚⹤䈱ౝ⸶䋺䇭䈉䈧䈫ቅ⁛䈱䉬䊷䉴䇭㪉㪇㪇㪉ᐕ䇭䋨ᅚᕈ䋩
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䉝䉳䉝
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䉥䊷䉴䊃䊤䊥䉝㪆䊆䊠䊷䉳䊷䊤䊮䊄㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸㫃㫀㪸㪆㪥㪱㪉ർ䉝䊜䊥䉦㪥㫆㫉㫋㪿㩷㪘㫄㪼㫉㫀㪺㪸㪈㪋ධ䉝䊜䊥䉦㪪㫆㫌㫋㪿㩷㪘㫄㪼㫉㫀㪺㪸
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㪈㪎㪄㪉㪋
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᧲㩷㪆᧲ධ䉝䉳䉝
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ᣣᧄ
㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅
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㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㩷㫇㫃㫌㫊㪋䉳䊞䊌䊮䊒䊤䉴
ਇ᣿㪥㫆㫋㩷㫊㫇㪼㪺㫀㪽㫀㪼㪻
㪈
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ว⸘
㪫㫆㫋㪸㫃
㪉㪌
㪐㪈
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㪋㪌㪄
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47

ᣣᧄ
ർ䉝䊜䊥䉦
᧲㪆᧲ධ䉝䉳䉝
䌅䌕䋨䉟䉩䊥䉴䉕㒰䈒䋩䉟䉩䊥䉴䉥䊷䉴䊃䊤䊥䉝㪆䊆䊠䊷䉳䊷䊤䊮䊄ධ䉝䊜䊥䉦䉳䊞䊌䊮䊒䊤䉴
䉝䊐䊥䉦
ਇ᣿
ධ䉝䉳䉝
ว⸘

㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅
㪥㪅㩷㪘㫄㪼㫉㫀㪺㪸㪜㪸㫊㫋㪆㪪㪜㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㪜㪬㩷㩿㫅㫆㫅㪄㪬㪢㪀㪬㪢㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸㫃㫀㪸㪆㪥㪱㪪㪅㩷㪘㫄㪼㫉㫀㪺㪸㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㩷㫇㫃㫌㫊㪘㪽㫉㫀㪺㪸
㪥㫆㫋㩷㫊㫇㪼㪺㫀㪽㫀㪼㪻㪪㫆㫌㫋㪿㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸
㪫㫆㫋㪸㫃

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㪉㪌㪄㪊㪌
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㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩿㪌㪀㩷㩷㪚㪸㫃㫃㪼㫉㫊㩷㪹㫐㩷㪦㫉㫀㪾㫀㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪘㪾㪼㪑䇭㪫㪿㪼㩷㪚㪸㫊㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㪝㪸㫄㫀㫃㫐㪆㪧㪸㫉㫋㫅㪼㫉㩷㪩㪼㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㫊㪿㫀㫇㩷㪉㪇㪇㪉䇭㩿㪮㫆㫄㪼㫅㪀࿑㩿㪌㪀䇭䇭ኅᣖ䉇䊌䊷䊃䊅䊷䈫䈱㑐ଥ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱⋧⺣䇭࿖೎䈫ᐕ㦂೎䈱㔚⹤䈱ౝ⸶䇭㪉㪇㪇㪉ᐕ䋨ᅚᕈ䋩

80
70

45+
36-45
25-35
14-24

60
50

30
20
10
A
sia

ci
sp
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N

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ut
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fie
d

a
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fr
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a

pl
us
Ja
pa
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A

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/N
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K

EU

A
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Ea
st
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0
Ja
pa
n

48

40

ᣣᧄ䇭ർ☨䇭᧲䊶᧲ධ䍏䍚䍼䍏䇭㪜㪬⧷࿖એᄖ䇭⧷࿖䇭⽕Ꮊ䊶䍤䍋䍎䍚䍼䍎䍵䍻䍢䍼䇭ධ☨䇭䇭䍚䍼䍊䍨䍽䍻䍪䍽䍵䍛䇭䇭䍏䍪䍶䍔䇭䇭ਇ᣿䇭䇭ධ䍏䍚䍼䍏ઃዻᕈ೎ߦࠃࠆ⋧⺣㔚⹤ᢙ‫ޓ‬↵ᅚว⸘

#RRGPFKZ
0QQH%CNNUD[)GPFGT/CNG(GOCNG
6QVCN





਎ઍߦࠃࠆ⋧⺣㔚⹤ᢙ
ᐕ㦂ਇ⹦
㧜㧙㧝㧝ᱦ
㧝㧣㧙㧞㧠ᱦ
㧞㧡㧙㧟㧡ᱦ
㧟㧢㧙㧠㧡ᱦ㧠㧡ᱦએ਄ว⸘

0QQH%CNNUD[#IG
0#





6QVCN









࿖೎ߩ⋧⺣㔚⹤ᢙࠕࡈ࡝ࠞࠕࠫࠕ‫ઁߩߘޔ‬ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠫ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼
࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ‫ઁޔ‬ࠗࡦ࠼ᣣᧄࠫࡖࡄࡦࡊ࡜ࠬާ࠳ࡉ࡞ި
ർࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ
ධࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ
ਇ᣿‫ઁޔ‬
ว⸘

0QQH%CNNUD[4GIKQPQH1TKIKP#HTKEC#UKC1VJGT#WUVTCNKC0<
'WTQRG1VJGT+PFKCP5WDEQPVKPGPV

,CRCP

,CRCP2NWU &QWDNG
0#OGTKEC
5#OGTKEC
7PMPQYP1VJGT

6QVCN


49

໧㗴೎⋧⺣㔚⹤ᢙᢎળᖱႎࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡜࡯ᖱႎ
㓹↪࡮ᢎ⢒
૑ቛ
ᴺᓞ
ක≮ᖱႎ
+0&߳ߩ໧޿วࠊߖ
␠ળ⊛ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ‫❱⚵ޕ‬56&*+8ࠛࠗ࠭ᖱႎ
6'..ᖱႎ
ⷰశ‫ޔ‬ᣏⴕ‫ޔ‬ਸ਼ࠅ‛ᩏ⸽‫ޔ‬಴౉࿖
ߘߩ߶߆ߩᖱႎᢥൻ⊛ㆡᔕᱫ‫ޔ‬ቅ⁛‫ޔ‬೎㔌߁ߟ‫ޕ‬ቅ⁛✕ᕆ੐ᘒ㓹↪‫઀ޕ‬੐୘ੱ⊛⪾⮮ஜᐽᅧᆼੱ㑆㑐ଥኅᣖ
ੱ㑆㑐ଥࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯
ੱ㑆㑐ଥ᥸ജੱ㑆㑐ଥઁੱ㑆㑐ଥ⡯႐
ቬᢎ‫␹♖ޕ‬㕙ᕈ⊛᥸ജ⯦ᓙ
ᕈ⊛ᖠߺᕈ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ
ᕈ∛‫ޔ‬㧴㧵㨂‫࠭ࠗࠛޔ‬㤗⮎ߥߤߩਛᲥ
⥄Ვࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣާઁި
⺆ቇ✵⠌
ᖡ߰ߑߌ
࠹࡟ࡎࡦ࠮࠶ࠢࠬ‫ߟߖ޿ࠊޕ‬ή⸒ਇ᣿
6'..⾨⾥

0QQH%CNNUD[2TQDNGO%CVGIQT[%JWTEJ+PHQTOCVKQP%QWPUGNNQT+PHQ
'ORNQ[OGPV'FWECVKQP*QWUKPI

.GICN

/GFKECN+PHQTOCVKQP
4GHGTTCNVQ+0&
5QEKCN)TQWRU1TICPK\CVKQPU
56&U*+8#+&5+PHQTOCVKQP
6'..+PHQTOCVKQP
6QWTKUO6TCXGN6TCPURQTV
8KUC+OOKITCVKQP+PHQTOCVKQPQVJGT%WNVWTCNCFLWUVOGPV&GCVJITKGHUGRCTCVKQP&GRTGUUKQPNQPGNKPGUUCPZKGV['OGTIGPE['ORNQ[OGPV%CTGGT
2GTUQPCN%QPHNKEV
2J[UKECN*GCNVJ2TGIPCPE[
4GNCVKQPUJKR (COKN[
4GNCVKQPUJKR 2CTVPGT
4GNCVKQPUJKR 8KQNGPEG
4GNCVKQPUJKR 1VJGT
4GNCVKQPUJKR 9QTMRNCEG
4GNKIKQPURKTKVWCNKV[
5GZWCNCDWUGCUUCWNVTCRG
5GZWCN&KHHKEWNVKGU5GZWCN+FGPVKV[
56&U*+8#+&5

5WDUVCPEGCDWUGCFFKEVKQPU5WKEKFG%QWPUGNKPI 1VJGT.CPIWCIG2TCEVKEG

2TCPM

2JQPG5GZ1DUEGPG

7PUVCVGF5KNGPV
7PMPQYP
6'..%QOOGPFCVKQP



50

㩷
䉝䉳䉝ᅚᕈၮ㊄䈮䈧䈇䈩㩷㩷㩷 ⽷࿅ᴺੱᅚᕈ䈱䈢䉄䈱䉝䉳䉝ᐔ๺࿖᳃ၮ㊄䈲䇮ర䇸ᘨ቟ᇚ䇹䈱ᣇ䇱䈻䈱࿖᳃⊛䈭ఘ䈇䉕ⴕ䈉䈖䈫䇮ᅚᕈ䈱ฬ⹷䈫ዅ෩䈮㑐䉒䉎੹ᣣ⊛䈭໧㗴䈱⸃᳿䈮ข䉍⚵䉃䈖䈫䉕⋡⊛䈫䈚䈩䇮㪈㪐㪐㪌ᐕ㪎᦬䈮⊒⿷䈇䈢䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯એ᧪䇮᡽ᐭ䈫࿖᳃䈱දജ䈮䉋䈦䈩ౕ૕⊛䈭੐ᬺ䉕ታᣉ䈚䈩䉁䈇䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷 ర䇸ᘨ቟ᇚ䇹䈱ᣇ䇱䈮ኻ䈜䉎੐ᬺ䈲䇮䋱䋩ర䇸ᘨ቟ᇚ䇹䈱ᣇ䇱䈱⧰∩䉕ฃ䈔䈫䉄ᔃ䈎䉌䈱ఘ䈇䉕␜䈜੐ᬺ䈫䈚䈩䇮࿖᳃䈱⊝᭽䈱䈗දജ䉕ᓧ䈢൐㊄䈮䉋䉎䇸ఘ䈇㊄䇹䈱䈍ዯ䈔䇮䋲䋩࿖䈫䈚䈩䈱₸⋥䈭䈍⹟䈶䈫෻⋭䉕⴫䈜ᣣᧄ࿖ౝ㑑✚ℂᄢ⤿䈱䇸䈍⹟䈶䈱ᚻ⚕䇹䇮䋳䋩᡽ᐭ᜚಴㊄䈮䉋䉎ක≮䊶⑔␩ᡰេ੐ᬺ䈎䉌ᚑ䉍┙䈦䈩䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯䈖䈱ఘ䈇੐ᬺ䈲䇮䊐䉞䊥䊏䊮䇮㖧࿖䇮บḧ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮㪉㪏㪌 ฬ䈱ర䇸ᘨ቟ᇚ䇹䈱ᣇ䇱䈮ታᣉ䈚䇮㪉㪇㪇㪉 ᐕ 㪐 ᦬ᧃ䇮⚳ੌ䈇䈢䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯䈘䉌䈮ක≮䊶⑔␩ᡰេ䉕ਛᔃ䈫䈚䈢䉥䊤䊮䉻䈪䈱੐ᬺ䈲 㪉㪇㪇㪈 ᐕ 㪎 ᦬䈮⚳ੌ䈚䇮䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝䈪䈱੐ᬺ䈲 㪉㪇㪇㪎 ᐕ 㪊 ᦬䉁䈪⛮⛯䈇䈢䈚䉁䈜䇯㩷㩷 ઁᣇ䇮ᱞജ⚗੎ਅ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᅚᕈ䈱ੱᮭ໧㗴䇮࿖㓙⊛ੱりᄁ⾈䈍䉋䈶䊄䊜䉴䊁䉞䉾䉪䊶䊋䉟䉥䊧䊮䉴䋨ᄦ䉇ᕜੱ䈎䉌䈱᥸ജ䋩䈭䈬䇮ᅚᕈ䉇ሶ䈬䉅䈮ኻ䈜䉎᥸ജ䉇ੱᮭଚኂ䈮䉋䈦䈩⧰䈚䉃ᣇ䇱䈲ᓟ䉕⛘䈤䉁䈞䉖䇯㩷㩷 䉝䉳䉝ᅚᕈၮ㊄䈪䈲䇮ㆊ෰䈱໧㗴䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱ఘ䈇䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䇮ᅚᕈ䈮ኻ䈜䉎᥸ജ䈱䈭䈇࿖㓙␠ળ䉕▽䈒䈢䉄䇮࿖ౝᄖ䈮ᅚᕈ䈱ฬ⹷䈫ዅ෩䉕቞䉎䈖䈫䈱㊀ⷐᕈ䈮䈧䈇䈩໪⊒ᵴേ╬䇮એਅ䈱ᵴേ䈮䉅Ⓧᭂ⊛䈮ข䉍⚵䉖䈪䉁䈇䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷㩷㩷 㩷 䂺ᅚᕈ䈮ኻ䈜䉎᥸ജ䈱䈭䈇␠ળ䉕䉄䈙䈜䈢䉄䈱໪⊒ᵴേ㩷㩷 㩷 䂺ᅚᕈ䈏⋥㕙䈚䈩䈇䉎໧㗴䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱࿖㓙ળ⼏䈱㐿௅㩷 㩷㩷 㩷 䂺ᅚᕈ䈱ੱᮭ໧㗴䈮ข䉍⚵䉖䈪䈇䉎࿅૕䈭䈬䈻䈱ᵴേᡰេ㩷㩷 㩷 䂺ᅚᕈ䈮ኻ䈜䉎ੱᮭଚኂ䈭䈬䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱ේ࿃䈫㒐ᱛ䈮㑐䈜䉎⺞ᩏ䊶⎇ⓥ㩷䂺 ᥸ജⵍኂ䉕ฃ䈔䈢ᅚᕈ䈮ኻ䈜䉎េഥ⠪䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱⎇ୃ㩷㩷㩷
⽷࿅ᴺੱᅚᕈ䈱䈢䉄䈱䉝䉳䉝ᐔ๺࿖᳃ၮ㊄䋨䉝䉳䉝ᅚᕈၮ㊄䋩㩷㪈㪇㪉㪄㪇㪇㪎㪋 ᧲੩ㇺජઍ↰඙਻Ბධ 㪉㪄㪎㪄㪍 ⋧੕਻Ბධ䊎䊦 㪋 㓏㩷㔚⹤ 㪇㪊㪄㪊㪌㪈㪋㪄㪋㪇㪎㪈㩷 䊐䉜䉾䉪䉴 㪇㪊㪄㪊㪌㪈㪋㪄㪋㪇㪎㪉㩷Home Page: http://www.awf.or.jp E-mail: dignity@awf.or.jp㩷ήᢿォタ䉕⑌䈛䉁䈜䇯䋨⽷䋩ᅚᕈ䈱䈢䉄䈱䉝䉳䉝ᐔ๺࿖᳃ၮ
䉝䉳䉝ᐔ๺࿖᳃ၮ㊄ 䋨䉝䉳䉝ᅚᕈၮ㊄䋩䋲䋰䋰䋳ᐕ䋳᦬⊒ⴕ䈖䈱ႎ๔ᦠ䈲䇮䉝䉳䉝ᅚᕈၮ㊄䈏䇮Tokyo English Life Line䋨᧲੩⧷⺆䈇䈱䈤䈱㔚⹤䋩䈮ᆔ⸤䈚䈢⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ䈱ႎ๔ᦠ䈪䈜䇯