Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 41(4), pp. 137–145, November 20, 2015

Enumeration of Remarkable Japanese Discomycetes (9):Notes on Two Lanzia Species New to Japan
Yan-Jie Zhao and Tsuyoshi Hosoya*
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,
Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan* E-mail: hosoya@kahaku.go.jp(Received 11 July 2015; accepted 24 September 2015)

Abstract Two Lanzia species newly documented for Japan are described and illustrated: Lanzia
longipes and L. pruni-serotinae (Rutstroemiaceae, Helotiales), both characterized by apothecial
structure and the presence of stroma. In the former species, occurrence of pigmentation of ascospores were observed after discharge.
Key words : Lanzia longipes, Lanzia pruni-serotinae, mycobiota, stroma, taxonomy.

Introduction
This is the ninth part of the series on remarkable Japanese discomycetes following Zhao andHosoya (2014) to extend the knowledge of theJapanese mycobiota. The genus Lanzia (Rutstoemiaceae, Helotiales) is known to include morethan 50 species (Kirk et al., 2008). It is thought
to be a widespread genus, and local mycobiota
have been studied in India (Sharma and Sharma,1985), Australia (Spooner, 1987; Simpson andGrgurinovic, 2003), and China (Zhuang, 1996,1999). In spite of its biodiversity, comprehensive
studies have scarcely been conducted in Japan(Katumoto, 2010). Although the genus seems to
be diverse, there have been no monographic
studies (see Zhuang, 1996). Its segregation orsimilarity from allied genera such as Hymenoscyphus (Johnston and Park, 2013), Lambertella(Zhuang, 1996) and Poculum, Rutstoremia(Baral, 1994) have been discussed, but phylogenetic studies are limited (Holst-Jensen et al.,
1997; Zhuang and Liu, 2007; Johnston and Park,2013). Currently only two species have beenrecorded from Japan (Katumoto, 2010), but
potentially more species await documentation. In

the present paper, two species are documented
for the ﬁrst time from Japan, with attention totheir cultural characteristics.
Materials and Methods
Observation procedures followed Hosoya andOtani (1997). Color codes followed the Pantone
color code adopting CYMK system referring to aPantone color bridge (Anonymous, 2005). To
examine previously known distribution, theoccurrence database of Global Biodiversity
Information Facility (GBIF, http://www.gbif.org/occurrence, as of June 20, 2015) was searched.
Single-spored isolates were obtained using
Skermanʼs manipulator (Skerman, 1968), anddeposited in the National Institute of Technology
and Evaluation, Biological Resource Center(NBRC). To observe colony characteristics,
potato dextrose agar (PDA, Nissui) plate or modiﬁed Weitzman-Silva-Hutner agar (WSH; 10 g oatmeal, 1 g KH2PO4, 1 g MgSO4·H2O, 1 g NaNO3,20 g agar, 1,000 ml distilled water) plates wereinoculated at the center with a 1 mm agar cube
containing mycelium and incubated at 20 °C.

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Descriptions
1. Lanzia longipes (Cooke & Peck) Dumont &Korf, Mycotaxon 7: 185. 1978.
[Figs. 1–3]
Peziza longipes Cooke & Peck, Bull. Buffalo
Soc. nat. Sci. 1: 295. 1875.
Phialea longipes (Cooke & Peck) Sacc., Syll.
fung. (Abellini) 8: 267. 1889.
Hymenoscyphus longipes (Cooke & Peck) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 3: 485. 1898.
Rutstroemia longipes (Cooke & Peck) W.L.
White, Lloydia 4: 203. 1941.
Stroma substratal, visible as blackened zones
on petioles of host. Apothecia long-stipitate,occurring on decaying petioles; disc ﬂat to discoid when fresh, becoming concave when dry,
1.5–4 mm in diameter in dried specimen; hymenium cream white (1 PC＝C2 M3 Y4 K5) whenfresh, becoming buff (720 PC＝C0 M20 Y32K2) to pale brown when dry; receptacle concolorous or slightly paler than the hymenium, furfuraceous; stipe subcylindric, concolorous with thereceptacle, becoming much darker toward base,
up to 30 mm long when dry. Ectal excipulum
three layered. Covering layer thin-walled, hyaline to pale brown, cells of irregular shaped,
2–4 μm wide; outer ectal excipulum textura prismatica, subhyaline to pale brown, composed ofslightly thick-walled, brick-shaped cells 8–25×
5–10 μm, becoming slightly globose in the margin; inner ectal excipulum hyaline, composed of
4–8 μm wide hyphae. Hairs arising from outer
covering layer, septate, hyaline to pale brown,smooth, usually with cylindrical or swollen apices. Medullary excipulum textura intricata,loosely interwoven, subhyaline to pale brown,smooth, composed of 5–10 μm wide hyphae.
Asci 70–95×8–11 μm, clavate, 8-spored, arisingfrom crozier but obscure; apex 4–5 μm thick;pore stained blue by Melzerʼs reagent with orwithout 3% KOH pretreatment. Ascospores
10–11×3.5–5 μm (10.6±0.5×4.2±0.4 μm on
average±SD, n＝23), uniseriate, ellipsoid toobovoid-reniform, usually inaequilateral, with

one side much broader, smooth, some with 1–2guttules; some discharged spores pale-brown,
usually with one septum. When germinated onPDA, ascospores become unequally 1-septate
near the bottom, and upper cell becomes thickand dark walled, much darker than the other cell.
When germinated on 1% water agar, the whole
spore becomes brown, thick-walled and 1–2 septate. Phialidic spermatia produced from the small
tubes on the ascospore. Paraphyses ﬁliform,septate, hyaline, slightly enlarged at the apex up
to 2 μm wide.
Cultural characteristics. Colonies on PDA
grows fast, covering the whole plate after 4weeks incubation, circular, ﬂoccose, whitish tograyish. Aerial mycelium white, cottony, partially developed. Margin entire. Reverse palebrown, with the blackened areas diffusing fromcenter. Rind delimiting irregular portions of theagar, composed of a single layer of cells withwalls pigmented to various extent, epidermoid inface view.
Specimens examined. All on petiole of leaves
unidentiﬁed tree. TNS-F-40082 (14 Oct. 2011),
TNS-F-40097(Culture
FC-2832＝NBRC109877), 7 Nov. 2011, TNS-F-40177 (CultureFC-5098＝NBRC 110237), 15 Oct. 2012, Tsukuba Botanical Garden, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki
Pref., Japan (140°6′44.0″N, 36°6′9.5″E, Alt.
44 m), Col. Y.-J. Zhao. TNS-F-40148, SugadairaMontane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ueda City, Nagano Pref. (138°20′51.2″N,36°41′30″E, Alt. 1349 m), 15 Sep. 2012, Col.
Y.-J. Zhao. TNS-F-40160, Hanazono Shrine,
Kitaibaraki-shi, Ibaraki Pref., 26 Sep. 2012, Col.
Y.-J. Zhao. TNS-F-40167, Takayama-mura,
Gunma Pref. (138°57′36.5″N, 36°35′19.3″E, Alt.
242 m), 2 Oct. 2012, Col. Y.-J. Zhao.
Known distribution. No GBIF data. Known
from North America (US and Canada; White,1941)
Japanese name: Naga-e-no-shiro-byou-take(newly proposed).
Notes. Lanzia longipes is a new record inJapan. It is easily distinguished by its long stipe

Enumeration of Remarkable Japanese Discomycetes (9)139

Fig. 1. Lanzia longipes (TNS-F-40082). A. Fresh apothecia on unknown petioles. B. Vertical section of an apothecium. C. Close up of ectal excipulum at the margin. D. Close up of ectal exipulum. E. Structure of medullay excipulum. F. Ascus. G. Reaction of ascal apex to MLZ. H. Paraphyses. I. Hairs. J. Ascospores (Hyalineascospores, brown ascospores and germinating ascospores with spermatia). Bars, B, E, 40 μm; C–D, F–J, 20 μm.

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Yan-Jie Zhao and Tsuyoshi HosoyaFig. 2. Camera lucida illustration of Lanzia longipes (TNS-F-40082). A. Asci. B. Reaction of ascal apex to MLZ.
C. Paraphyses. D. Hairs. E. Vertical section of an apothecium through the margin showing the ectal excipulum. F. Ascospores.

Enumeration of Remarkable Japanese Discomycetes (9)141Fig. 3. Cultural characters of Lanzia longipes (FC-2832, Culture of TNS-F-40097). A. Colony on PDA (20°C, 1mo.). B. Colony on PDA (20°C, 3 mo.). C. Vertical view of rind. D. Surface view of rind showing the epidermoid to irregular cells. Bars, C, 40 μm; D, 20 μm.

of apothecia and remarkably large asci and ascospores.
Lanzia longipes was ﬁrst described from New
York under the name Peziza longipes Cooke &Peck in Cooke (1875) who emphasized thelength of the stipe. The substratum was simplyindicated as “leaf petioles”. White (1941) recognized that its simple structured apothecium differed from others. Korf and Gruff (1978) transferred it to Lanzia for its prismatic cells in ectal
excipulum, but no previous authors recognized
the pigmentation of ascospores and production of

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Fig. 4. Lanzia pruni-serotinae (TNS-F-40119). A. Fresh apothecia on leaves of Prunus grayana. B. Fresh apothecia in a higher magniﬁcation. C. Vertical section of an apothecium. D. Close up of the vertical section. E.
Close up of ectal excipulum at the margin. F. Close up of ectal excipulum at the ﬂank. G. Structure of medullay excipulum. H. Ascus. I. Croziers at the base of asci. J. Reaction of ascal apex to MLZ. K. Paraphyses. L.
Ascospores. Bars, A, 4 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, 40 μm; E–L, 20 μm.

Enumeration of Remarkable Japanese Discomycetes (9)143Fig. 5. Camera lucida illustration of Lanzia pruni-serotinae (TNS-F-40119). A. Vertical section of an apothecium
through the margin showing the ectal excipulum. B. Asci. C. Hairs. D. Reaction of ascal apex to MLZ. E. Croziers. F. Ascospores.

spermatia after dicharge.
2. Lanzia pruni-serotinae (Whetzel & W.L.
White) M.P.Sharma & R.M.Sharma, Int. J.
Mycol. Lichenol. 2: 109. 1985.
[Figs. 4–5]
Rutstroemia pruni-serotinae Whetzel & W.L.
White, Lloydia 4: 221. 1941.
Stroma substratal, visible as blackened zones

on leaf veins and petioles of the host. Apothecia
stipitate, occurring on decaying leaves and petioles; disc ﬂat to cupulate, 0.5–2.5 mm in diameter when fresh; hymenium beige to brown (137
PC＝C0 M38 Y95 K0) when fresh, becoming
dark brown (1615 PC＝C11 M74 Y100 K50) toblack when dry; receptacle beige when fresh,becoming brown when dry; stipe concolorouswith the receptacle, 1–11 mm long when fresh,becoming dark brown towards the base, partially

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Yan-Jie Zhao and Tsuyoshi Hosoya

encrusted by brown hyphal mass. Ectal excipulum three layered. Covering layer composed of
2-5 cells, thin-walled, hyaline to pale brown,slightly granulate; outer ectal excipulum textura
prismatica, hyaline to pale brown, composed ofslightly thick-walled, brick-shaped cells of
2.5–8 μm wide; inner layer hyaline to pale
brown, smooth, slightly thick-walled, hyphae of
5–10 μm wide. Hairs protruded from outermost
layer of the covering layer, hyaline to pale
brown, smooth to roughened, septate, someexpanded at the apices. Medullary excipulum
textura intricata, hyaline, smooth, tightly interwoven, embedded in gelatinous matrices, composed of hypha of 3–6 μm wide. Asci 60–75×
6–8 μm, clavate, 8-spored, arising from repeatedcroziers; apex rounded to truncate, 1.5–2 μm
thick; pore very faintly stained by Melzerʼsreagent with or without 3% KOH pretreatment.
Ascospores 6–9×3–4.5 μm (8.0±1.0×3.4±0.5 μm on average±SD, n＝20), uniseriate or
irregularly biseriate in upper region of the ascus,elongate ellipsoid, non-septate, smooth, 0–2 guttules. Paraphyses ﬁliform, septate, hyaline, simple or branched near the base, usually expanded
at the apex up to 2.5–3 μm wide.
Specimens examined. On leaves and petioles
of Prunus grayana Maxim.: TNS-F-40119, Tsukuba Botanical Garden, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki
Pref. (140°6′44.0″N, 36°6′9.5″E, Alt. 44 m), 13
June 2012, Col. Y.-J. Zhao.
Known distribution. No GBIF data. Known
from India (Sharma and Sharma, 1985) andNorth America (US, White, 1941)
Japanese name. Sakura-ba-chairo-byou-take(newly proposed)
Notes. The morphological features well agreed
with the previous description of L. pruni-serotinae (Sharma and Sharma, 1985, as Rutstroemia
pruni-serotinae). It is often confused with Rutstroemia renispora (Ellis) W.L. White in apothecial structure and stromatic characters (White,1941), but L. pruni-serotinae has the shorter asci,
smaller non-curved ascospores and occurrence
on Prunus. The discharged ascospores did not

germinate, hence the culture was not obtained.
Although the name is after its host, White (1941)
described it also occurs on Crataegus, Ligustrum
and Prunus domestica.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Dr. Ryan Kepler,
Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, United States Department of AgricultureAgriculture Research Service for kindly reviewing the manuscript.
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