山田シンポジウム援助一覧表
主 催 責 任 者
放送大学教授東京工業大学名誉教授
星元 紀集会会

YS3 - From Chaos to Cosmos:
Integration in Biological Systems

期

開2007
11/17〜11/22
１件

催地

湘南国際村

援助金

8,010,000円

成果報告
山田シンポジウム 3： From Chaos to Cosmos: Integration in Biological Systems
2007 年 11 月 17 日〜 21 日

於湘南国際村センター
組織委員長

放送大学

星元紀

山田科学振興財団の創立 25 周年を機に創設された山田シンポジウムは、「次世代を担う研究者に広い視野と先見を与え、研究の将来を胚胎すること」を目的としている。すでに、第１回 “Neutrinos
and Dark Matter in Nuclear Physics”（2003 年６月、奈良）、第２回 “Key Natural Molecules inBiological Systems”（2005 年９月、淡路島）が行われているが、これらをうけて第３回（YS-3）として “From Chaos to Cosmos: Integration in Biological Systems” が、2007 年 11 月に相模湾の先に富士山を望む湘南国際村で開催された。ここにその概略を報告する。

Opening Address
Distinguished Guests, Dear Colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen,
It is my great privilege and honor to welcome you all to YS-3
Chaos to Cosmos: Integration in Biological Systems

Fromon behalf of theorganizing committee. This symposium is the third one of the serial
symposia under the common title of

Yamada Symposium

which wasinitiated on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Yamada ScienceFoundation, YSF. You will momentarily hear from Professor Yamada, the星組織委員長

Director General of YSF, on the basic idea underlying the Yamada
Symposium. My understanding is that YS is a platform to discuss science

frontiers and perspectives of currently developing subjects together with young researchers.
It is often observed in biological systems that numerous components behaving apparently
randomly at one level are organized into an ordered event at a higher level of the immediate next.
The interplay between randomness-stochasticity and organization is a crucial element of life and ahallmark of biocomplexity. In this symposium, we will discuss the mechanisms, meanings andeffects of stochastic events in biological systems with a very broad view in all senses to promote
novel directions that may not have been stressed yet. Such discussions will encourage the― 63 ―

biologists of the next generation enterprising enough to pursue novel and seminal directions as wellas the mathematicians, information scientists, physicists and chemists who wish to explore novel
directions in biology.
Because the scope is very broad and the subject is really interdisciplinary, speakers will haveenough time to explain the background of his/her work to the audience from various scientificfields. Also, much time is allocated for breaks in order to encourage discussions among theparticipants. For these, we have been trying to keep the number of participants rather small. We
do hope and believe that you all enjoy good science, new and old friendship, as well as beautiful
view of Mt. Fuji over the Sagami Bay for the coming four days.
I thank you all, especially those from overseas, for your participation despite of rather shortnotice. My thanks also go to the members of Advisory Committee for their indispensablesuggestions and those of Organizing Committee for their kind cooperation. Finally, I would like tothank Yamada Science Foundation and Professor Yamada, the Director General of YSF, for theirgenerous support and encouragement. Without all those, this symposium would not be crystallized.

Motonori Hoshi
Chairman of the Organizing Committee YS-3

Welcome Address for The 3rd Yamada Symposium
Ladies and Gentlemen,On behalf of Yamada Science Foundation, I would like to extend ourhearty welcome to all of you who are participating in the third Yamada
Symposium on From Chaos to Cosmos :Integration in Biological Systems,
particularly to those who have come a long way to Japan from various
places all over the world.
Yamada Science Foundation was founded in 1977 at Osaka, Japan. It
山田理事長

develops its activities by giving supports to the outstanding research
projects in the basic natural sciences, especially in the interdisciplinary

domains that bridges between the well established research fields such as physics, chemistry, andbiology. The Foundation also provides travel funds for the scientists to visit or to go out of Japan inorder to carry out international collaborative projects. It also holds conferences and workshops etc..
As a private organization, we have the policy that the axis of our activities should be oriented in
the orthogonal direction to the large scale activities carried out by the government. Recently, thegovernments of most of the advanced countries, including Japan, seem to recognize the importanceof basic natural sciences, and tend to invest a large amount of money.
The underlying idea would be that it is useful for the future economical development of thecountry through advanced technological applications. This is in some sense legitimate because thesource of the investment is the public money. Therefore the interests of the investment should be
returned to the taxpayers in the form of the promotion of standard of living of the nation.
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However, from the view point of pure promotion of basic sciences, such the pragmatic stance is nottotally acceptable, because science is a part of the culture of human being which is valuable byitself. In other words, science has its own internal motivation of development irrespective ofwhether it is useful for something else or not. It is this internal motivation that our Foundation iswilling to give support, although the amount of money is rather modest.
Upon these considerations, we started in 2003 a new activity: that is the organization of a series
of international symposia called Yamada Symposium. Yamada Symposium provides a forum ofdiscussions among the scientists belonging to different generations as well as different nationalities.
We put emphasis on different generations. Why? Because the achievements of culture should bemeasured in the time scale of centuries rather than decades.
We envisage the following scheme of Yamada Symposium: The scientists who are the mostactive members of the present generation and the scientists who are expected to be most active in
the next generation in a selected research field are invited to get together. The former presents
the present status and the perspective view of the research field, while the latter receives themessages and, through hot discussions, would pick up some hints of the way for him to proceed. By
this way, Yamada Symposia would function as the driving mechanism to drive the science in theproper direction guided by the internal motivation.
This is the third symposium of the series. The subject is Integration of Biological Systems, which
will be discussed based on wide range of natural sciences and novel concepts. I would like to takeup this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to Professor Motonori Hoshi and the members of
the organizing committee who have made every effort to bring such a beautiful performance of themeeting.
I hope all of you would enjoy the symposium and also relax sometime in this attractive site of
SHONAN VILLAGE.
Thank you.
Yasusada Yamada
Director General ofYamada Science Foundation

本シンポジウムを計画するにあたっては、いささか無謀とも思えるテーマをとりテ−マを取り上げた。すなわち、生物現象にはしばしば見られる「ある階層では確率的あるいはランダムに起こっているように見える事象が、一段上の階層では極めて整然とした秩序だった事象に統合される」ということの意味や機構について検討することとした。生物学のみならず数学、物理学、化学および情報学などの分野で活躍する 20 代から 70 代の研究者 48 名がアメリカ、カナダ、イギリス、イタリア、ドイツ、ハンガリー、ニュージーランドおよび日本の８カ国（国籍としては11カ国）から集い、充分に持間をかけて熱い討論を交わした。参加者の学問的背景が多岐にわたることを考え、講演には充分時間をかけること（開会講演２題各 60 分、招待講演 27 題各 45 分）、個人的にも充分討論が出来るように休憩を多くとること（ほぼ２演題毎に 30 分）、毎夕食後はポスター（７題）を取り囲み、ビールなどを飲みながらさらに討論を続けることを心がけた。
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シンポジウムは山田理事長による YS3 President の歓迎挨拶に始まり、“Mechanism Involved inUtilizing Fluctuations by Biosystems”（T. Yanagida, Osaka University）および “TowardsIntegrative Natural History”（Y. Oono, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign）の開会講演、Randomness and Stochasticity, From Molecules to Cells, Organisms-1 Development , Organisms-2
Behavior–, –Biodiversity and Evolution という５つのセッションでの招待講演と続き、最後に“Concluding Remarks: Towards the Next Steps”（H. Koizumi, Hitachi Ltd.）によって将来を展望しながら締めくった。
発想、材料、手法の異なる講演とポスターを中心にして、議論はいつ果てるともなく連日続き、多くの参加者から小さいが中身の濃い会で実に楽しかった、ぜひ第２回、第３回と継続せよ、議論した内容を書籍として刊行せよなどという言葉をいただき、組織委員としては嬉しいことであった。また、
山田科学振興財団の由来とこれまでの活動を知った海外の参加者からは、財団の高い志に感銘した、このような会（ですら）支援する心意気は只々素晴らしいの一語に尽きる、さらに発展して欲しい等々の言葉をいただき、誇らしい思いをした。
最終日の午後は、鎌倉に遠足して古都の秋を楽しみ、さらにその晩はバンケットを行って歓を尽くした。

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