Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. , Tokyo, Ser. B, 26(4), pp. 123- 133, December 22 , 2000

Brazilian Myxomycetes in the Herbarium ofthe National Science Museum, Tokyo
Yukinori Yamamoto\ Hiromitsu Hagiwara 2 and Shin-ichi Kawakami 3
1l 0 l 0-53 , Ohtsu-ko, Kochi 781 - 5 102, Japan
Department of Botany, National Science Museum, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
E-mail: h-hagiwa@kahaku .go.jp
3
lnstitute of Biological Sciences, Un iversity of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305- 8572, Japan
2Abstract Twenty-six taxa of myxomycetes are reported from the states of Sao
Paulo and Parana, Brazil , on a basis of the specimens preserved in the herbarium ofthe Nationa l Science Museum, Tokyo (TNS). Five taxa of them, Arcyria minuta, Dictydiaetha/ium plumbeum var. entoxanthum, Physarum cf. oblatum , P viride f. aurantium and Stemonitopsis typhina var. similis, are new to both the states.

Key words:

Brazil , myxomycetes, Parana, Sao Paulo, taxonomy

A collection of 62 Brazilian myxomycete specimens is preserved in the herbarium of the National Science Museum, Tokyo (TNS). This collection, which was madeby Goro Hashimoto, Shinichi Kamiya, Fumihide Okubo, Kiju Sakai and Naomi
Sannomiya in the states of Sao Paulo and Parana from 1938 to 1941 , was presented byGoro Hashimoto to the Showa Emperor. Later on, all the specimens were identified
by Shiro Koaze . But any report on the collection has not been made yet.
Brazilian myxomycetes have been comprehensively listed by Farr ( 1976) in her
monographic study of Neotropical myxomycetes. However, there is no report on themyxomycetes collected in the states of Sao Paulo and Parana as far as we know except for two papers, namely, Hashimoto (1953) and Hochgesand and Gottsberger( 1996). In the present paper, we enumerate 26 taxa on a basis of the present collection. Among them , 5 taxa are newly recorded in both the states.
List of species
Forty-two spec imens of the present collection are classified into 26 taxa. In thefollowing list, these taxa are arranged alphabetically by scientific names in eachorder. An asterisk ( *) indicates a taxon reported from both the states of Sao Pauloand Parana for the first time. Some taxa are illustrated.

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Y. Yamamoto, H. Hagiwara and S. Kawakami

Ceratiomyxales1. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Muell.) T. Macbr., N. A. Slime-Moulds, 18, 1899.
TNS-M-R: 417 (Fiqueira, Guararapes, Sao Paulo, on dead wood. Coli. N.
Sannomiya, 3 V 1939).
2. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. flexuosa Lister, Mycet. ed. 2, 26, 1911.
(Fig. 1)TNS-M-R : 416 (Cantareira, Arraba1de de Sao Paulo, on fallen twig. Coli. G.
Hashimoto, 6 XI 1938), TNS-M-R: 463 (Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Paulo, on dead wood.
Coli. G. Hashimoto, 30 X 1938).
One of the specimens, TNS-M-R:416, has slender sporocarps than those of
Lister's original description .

Liceales3*. Dictydiaethalium plumbeum (Schum.) Rostaf. var. entoxanthum (Berk.) G.
Lister, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 46: 95 , 1922.
(Fig. 2)
TNS-M-R: 958 (Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo, on bark of dead tree. Coli. F.
Okubo, 7 VI 1940).
Specimen is in good condition. Pseudoaethalium is brown to dark brown andover 10 cm long. Threads of pseudocapillitium are yellow, thick , up to 30 tJ.m wide
near the peridial caps, and somewhat elastic. Spores are yellow in mass, pale yellow
by transmitted light, distinctly spinulose, and 9.4- 10.7 f.1m in diam. (mean=10.1 ,Fig. I. Ceratiomyxa fi·uticulosa var. .fiexuosa (TNS-M-R: 41 6). A: Three sporophores. 8 : Twospores with stalks. C: Sporophore.

Braz ilian Myxomycetes in TNS

250/l m125B

Fig. 2. Dicty diaetha/ium plumbeum var. entoxanthum (TNS -M-R: 95 8). A: Pseudoaethalium. B:Two peridi al caps and pseudocapillitium. C & 0: Pseudocapillitium and two spores.

BFi g. 3. Tubife ra microsperma (TNS-M-R: 2973). A & B: Pseudoaethalium. C: Peridium andpseudocapillitium . 0: Peridium and two spores.

sd = 0.49, n = 20) including spines which are up to 1.4 f-Lm long.

4. Tubifera microsperma (Berk. & Curt.) G. W. Martin , Mycologia, 39: 461 , 1947.
(Fig. 3)
TNS-M-R: 2973 (Cantareira, Arrabalde de Sao Paulo, on dead wood . Coil. G.
Hashimoto, 6 XI 1938).
Specimen was identified by Koaze as T f erruginosa (Batsch) J. F. Gmel. , probably because it has a sessile pseudoaethalium. But T microsperma is distinguishable
from T f erruginosa by the peridium with dense crater-like wartlets on the innersurface and the smaller spores.

126

Y. Yamamoto, H. Hagiwara and S. Kawakami~]
>~~

0~]

DlOJLmFig. 4. Arcyria minuta (TNS-M-R: 22). A: Two sporocarps. 8: Cysts in a stalk. C: Basa l part ofcapillitium attached to peridium . C: Capillitium and a spore.

Trichiales
5. Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers. , Syn. Fung., 184, 1801.
TNS-M-R : 74 (Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Pau1o, on dead wood. Coli. G. Hashimoto,30 X 1938), TNS-M-R: 75 , 77 & 78 (Cantareira, Arrabalde de Sao Paulo, on woodand bark of dead tree. Coli. G. Hashimoto, 6 XI 1938), TNS-M-R: 79 (Parque doEstado, Sao Paulo, on dead wood. Coli. G. Hashimoto, 3 XI 1938).
6. Arcyria denudata (L.) Wettst. , Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien , 35: Abh. 535 , 1886.
TNS-M-R: 171 (Parque do Estado, Sao Paulo, on fallen twig and dead wood.
Coli. G. Hashimoto, 30 X 1938), TNS-M-R: 172 (Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Paulo, ondead wood. Coli. G. Hashimoto, 3 XI 1938), TNS-M-R: 173 (Cantareira, Arrabalde
de Sao Paulo, on dead wood. Coli. G. Hashimoto, 6 XI 1938), TNS-M-R: 175(Fiqueira, Guararapes, Sao Paulo, on bark of dead tree. Coli. G. Hashimoto, 11 IV1939).
7. Arcyria insignis Kalchbr. & Cooke, in Kalchbr. , Grevillea, 10 : 143, 1882.
TNS-M-R: 239 (Campos do Jordao , Sao Paulo, on bark of dead tree. Coli. F.
Okubo, 26 IV 1939), TNS-M-R: 241 (Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo, on fallen twig.
Coil. K. Sakai, 17 III 1941 ).
8*. Arcyria minuta Buchet, in Pat., Mem. Acad. Malgache, 6: 42, 1927.
(Fig. 4)
TNS-M-R: 22 (Fiqueira, Guararapes, Sao Paulo, on fallen twig. Coli. G.

Brazilian Myxomycetes in TNS

127

Hashimoto, 11 IV 1939).
This species is easily distinguished from its closely related species, such as A.
denudata and A. insignis, by the capillitium threads with many square-ended protuberances.
9. Arcyria obvelata (Oeder) Onsberg, Mycologia, 70: 1286, 1978.
TNS-M-R: 272 (Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo, on dead wood. Coli. S. Kamiya,18 Ill 1941); TNS-M-R: 304 (Urai , Parana, on dead wood. Coli. S. Kamiya, 15 V1939).
One of the specimens, TNS-M-R: 304, was identified by Koaze as A. virescens
G. Lister, probably because it has long stalks and narrow calyculi. However, A. obvelata is different from A . virescens in having evenly distributed ornamentation ofcapillitium threads.
10. Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) Rostaf. var. calyculata (Speg.) Y. Yamam. , inNakaike & Malik, Crypt. Fl. Pakist. 2: 28, 1993.
TNS-M-R: 1514 & 1515 (Parque do Estado, Sao Paulo, on bark of dead tree.
Coli. G. Hashimoto, 3 XI 1938), TNS-M-R: 1516 (Fiqueira, Guararapes, Sao Paulo,on dead wood. Coli. N. Sannomiya, 3 V 1939).
11. Hemitrichia serpula (Scopoli) Rostaf. , in Lister, Mycet., 179, 1894.
TNS-M-R: 1571 (Fiqueira, Guararapes, Sao Paulo, on dead wood. Coli. G.
Hashimoto, 5 V 1939).
12. Metatrichia ftoriformis (Schw.) Nann.-Bremek., Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. C,
88: 127, 1985.
TNS-M-R: 2881 (Parque do Estado, Sao Paulo, on bark of dead tree. Coli. G.
Hashimoto, 3 XI 1938).
13. Metatrichia vesparium (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek., Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. C,(Fig. 5)
TNS-M-R: 1599 (Fiqueira, Guararapes, Silo Paulo, on bark of dead tree. Coli. N.
Sannomiya, 28 IV 1939), TNS-M-R: 1600 (Fiqueira, Guararapes, Sao Paulo, on barkof dead tree. Coli. N. Sannomiya, 3 V 1939).
Recently Moreno, Lizarraga and lllana ( 1997) discussed the differences between
M. vesparium and M. horrida Ing. According to them , the spines on elaters measure
only 1- 2 f1m long in the former, and 3- 5 f1m long in the latter, respectively. Spines ofthe specimens examined measure up to 5 f1m long, but other characters fit M. vesparium.

69: 348, 1966.

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Y. Yamamoto, H. Hag iwara and S. Kawak ami~I

Fig. 5. Me/atrichia vesparium (TNS -M-R: 1599). A: Two clusters of digitate sporocarps. 8 :Stalk. C: Capi llitium. D: Capillitium, peridium and a spore.

Fig. 6. Trichia verrucosa (TNS-M-R:2928). A: C luster of digitate sporocarps. 8: Stalk. C: Capillitium threads (e laters). D: Tip of an e later, peridium and a spore.

(Fig. 6)
14. Trichia verrucosa Berk. , in Hook. f. , Fl. Tasm. , 2: 269, 1859.
TNS-M-R: 2928 (Parque do Estado, Siio Paulo, on dead wood. Coli. G.
Hashimoto, 3 XI 1938).
Specimen is very interesting for us in that its elaters have no spines on their spirals, because Japanese specimens always bear a few scattered spines on elaters(Yamamoto, 1998).

Brazilian Myxomycetes in TNS

129Fig. 7. Physarum cf. notabile (TNS-M-R: 334). A: Four clusters of sporocarps. B : Peridium andcapillitium. C: Stalk . D: Lime node and two spores.

Physarales
15. Didymium squamulosum (Aib. & Schw.) Fr. , Symb. Gast. , 19, 1818.
TNS-M-R: 1327 & 1328 (Cantareira, Arrabalde de Sao Paulo, on fallen leaves,Coli. G. Hashimoto, 6 XI 1938); TNS-M-R: 1329 (Boa Sorte, Lins, Sao Paulo, onfallen leaves, Coli. G. Hashimoto, 5 Ill 1941 ).
16. Physarum cinereum (Batsch) Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. , I: 89, 1794.
TNS-M-R: 1980 (Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo, on plant litter. Coli. G.
Hashimoto, 18 Ill 1941 ).
17. Physarum compressum Alb. & Schw., Consp. Fung. , 97, 1805.
TNS-M-R: 2025 (Cantareira, Arrabalde de Sao Paulo, on fallen leaves and barkof dead tree. Coli. G. Hashimoto, 6 XI 1938).
18. Physarum cf. notabile T. Macbr. , N. Am. Slime-Moulds, ed. 2, 80, 1922.

(Fig. 7)
TNS-M-R: 334 (Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo, on bark of dead tree. Coli. S.
Kamiya, 26 IV 1939).
Specimen was labeled by Koaze "Badhamia conglomerata Koaze" (nom.
herbar. ). However, it is probable that the sporocarps are aborted, because their sporesare highly irregular in size and shape.
Specimen has digitate sporocarps as P notabile, but their stalks and capitulum
bases are calcareous and white.

130

Y. Yamamoto, H. Hag iwara and S. Kawakam iA!]lOOJL mFi g. 8. Physarum cf. oblatum (TNS-M-R : 1962). A: Two stalked sporocarps. 8 : Stalk. C: Peridium and capillitium. D: Lime node and a spore.

19*. Physarum cf. oblatum T. Macbr. , Bull. Nat. Hi st. Univ. Iowa, 2: 384, 1893 .
(Fig. 8)TNS-M-R : 1962 (Ura i, Parana, on bark of dead tree . Coli. S. Kamiya , 15 V1939).
Specimen was identified by Koaze as P carneum G . Lister & Sturgis . But thepresent taxon is different from P carneum in having longer white limy stalks inc luding refuse matter and larger and more delicately verruculose spores.
20. Physa rum polycephalum Schw., Schr. Natur. Ges. Leipzig, 1: 63 , 1822. (Fig. 9)
TNS-M-R: 2230 (Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo, on fa ll en twig. Co li. G.
Hashimoto, 18 Ill 1941 ).
21 *. Physarum viride (B ull. ) Pers. f. aurantium (Bu ll. ) Y. Yamam. , Myxom. Biota
Jpn ., 495 , 1998.
TNS-M-R: 2479 (Campos do Jordao, Sao Pau1o, on bark of dead tree. Coli. G .
Hashimoto, 18 III 1941 ).
Stemonita1es
22. Lamproderma scintillans (Berk. & Br.) Morgan , J. Cinc. Soc. Nat. Hist. , 16:
13 I, 1894.
(Fig. I 0)
TNS-M-R: 1655 (Campos do Jordao, Sao Pau1o, on fallen leaves. Coli. G.
Hashimoto, 22 X 1938).

Brazilian Myxomycetes in T NS131lmm....._____...

Fig. 9. Physarum po/ycephalum (TNS-M-R: 2230). A: Three clu sters of sporocarps. 8: Peridiumand cap illi tium. C: Stalk. D: Lime node and a spore.

·~rf,· .

j( .

',) i'Fig. I 0. Lamproderma scintillans (TNS-M-R: 1655). A: Two sta lked sporocarps. 8: Stalk. C: Tipof columella with capi lli tium. D: Capillitium . E: Tip of capillitium and a spore.

Specimen has truncate columella with pale membranous crest-like crown attheir tips, though the present species usually forms dark clavate ones. But othercharacters fit L. scintillans.
23. Stemonitis axifera (Bull.) T. Macbr. , N. Am. Slime-Moulds, 120, 1889.
TNS-M -R: 2553 (Campos do Jordiio , Siio Paulo, on bark of dead tree. Coli. G.
Hashimoto, 18 Ill 1941 ).

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Y. Yamamoto, H. Hagiwara and S. Kawakami

24. Stemonitis fusca Roth , Mag. Bot. Roemer & Usteri , 1 (2): 26, 1787.
TNS-M-R : 2618 (Cantareira, Arrabalde de Sao Paulo, on bark of dead tree.
Coli. G. Hashimoto, 6 XI 193 8).

Fig. 11 . Stemonitis splendens (TNS-M-R: 2723). A: C luster of sporocarps. 8: Stalk. C: Co lum ella, capillitium and surface net. D: Surface net. E: Surface net and a spore.

cFig. 12. Stemonitis splendens (TNS -M-R: 2724 ). A : Cluster of sporocarps. 8: Stalk. C: Co lumel la, cap illitium and surface net. D: Surface net. E: Surface net and a spore.

Braz ili an Myxomycetes in TNS

133

25. Stemonitis splendens Rostaf. , Mon. , 195, 1874.
(Figs. 11 & 12)
TNS-M-R: 2723 (Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Paulo, on dead wood. Coli. G.
Hashimoto, 30 X 1938), TNS-M-R: 2724 (Urai , Parana, on dead wood. Coli. S.
Kamiya, 30 IV 1939).
One of the spec imens, TNS-M-R: 2724 , was identified by Koaze as S. splendens f../(mestrata Rex (nom. illeg.). This form is arranged in a synonymy of S. splendens (Yamamoto, 1998).
26*. Stemonitopsis typhina (Wiggers) Nann .-Bremek. var. similis (G. Lister)Nann.-Bremek. & Y. Yamam. , Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. C, 90: 348, 198 7.
TNS-M-R: 584 (Campos do Jordao , Sao Paulo, on dead wood . Co li. F. Okubo, 9X 1940).
Specimen was identified by Koaze as Comatricha nigra (Pers.) Shroet. var. aequalis (Peck) Sturgis. The present variety is clearly distinguished from C. nigra var.
aequalis by the spores with a few scattered clusters of dark warts.

Acknowledgements
We are deeply grateful to Mr. Goro Hashimoto of the Centro de Pesquisas deHist6ria Natural, Sao Paulo, for giving us his paper and the information on the collection sites. We also thank Dr. Hiroshi Namikawa of the National Science Museum ,Tokyo , for providing us full facilities for examining the myxomycete specimens.

References
Farr, M. L. , 1976. Flora Neotrop ica. No. 16. Myxomycetes. 304 pp. N. Y. Bot. Garden , New York.
Hashimoto, G., 1953. Myxomycetes da Serra do Diabo. Revista Ceres, 9 : 194- 20 I.
Hochgesand, E. and Gottsberger G. , 1996. Myxomycetes from the state of Siio Paulo, Braz il. Bot. Inst.
Bo1., 10: 1-46.
Moreno , G., Liza rraga , M. and lllana, C., 1997. Me/atrichia horrida (Myxomycetes), an African spec ies
in the Baj a Ca lifornia Peninsul a (Mexico). Mycotaxon, 64 : 385- 392.
Yamamoto, Y. , 1998. The Myxomycete Biota of Japan. 700 pp. Toyo Shorin Pub. Co. Ltd. , Tokyo. ( InJapanese)