Introduction to the CEOP Data Integration System* K. Tamagawa 1, T. Nemoto 2, T. Koike 1, M. Kitsuregawa 2(1: Department of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Tokyo, 2: Institute of Industrial Sciences, Univ. of Tokyo)* Department of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japane-mail: tamagawa@hydra.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Abstract
Under the frame work of Coordinated Enhanced Observation Period (CEOP), the in-situ, satellite,
and model output observation data, will be obtained during the period of Oct 2002 through Dec
2004. In this research, I am going to introduce how to integrate all the CEOP data that have a wide
diversity and vast numbers. Specifically, this integration system will be showing on the Web
Interface, equipped with some basic analysis functions such as data display, overlay, cross-section
drawing, averaging and so on.
Keyword: Data Integration, in-situ data, satellite data, model output, CEOP.

1. Introduction
The Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP),
which is an element of the World Climate Research
Programme (WCRP) initiated by Global Energy andWater Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), was proposed in
1997 as an initial step for establishing an integrated
observation system for the global water cycle. Its guiding
goal states as follows:"To understand and model the influence ofcontinental hydroclimate processes on thepredictability of global atmospheric circulation andchanges in water resources, with a particular focus
on the heat source and sink regions that drive andmodify the climate system and anomalies."
Toward the guiding goal, CEOP represents a unique
opportunity to improve the scientific basis needed toachieve overall water cycle documentation andprediction goals, based on the coordination among theWCRP/GEWEX Continental Scale Experiments (CSEs),
the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)
space agencies and the numerical weather prediction(NWP) centers affiliated to the World MeteorologicalOrganization (WMO). CSEs organized the 36 reference
sites, which cover the global climate variation and arecollecting the in-situ data and making the composite datasets. CEOS space agencies and Working Group on
Information Systems and Services (WGISS) areproviding the satellite products and integration functions.
The 11 NWP centers are providing the Model LocatedTime Series (MOLTS) at the CEOP reference sites, theglobal gridded outputs, and the reanalysis products.

2. Data Management Strategy
The essential task of CEOP is to assemble relevant datasets and develop a data management system to support
the scientific program. Data collected for CEOP will
include the in-situ and satellite measurements with modeloutput on key energy and water cycle budget quantitiesof the land surface and overlying atmosphere. The
CEOP Data Management System will provide asingle-point access to relevant data, regardless of its
location, using a central information center for user

access and in-situ data, one or more satellite data
integration centers for 4D merged satellite data products,and several distributed Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP) centers for model output.
2.1 Data Archive
As shown in Figure1, the data sets and products from thereference sites, the satellites and the NWP models arearchived by the University Cooperation for AtmosphericResearch (UCAR) of the USA, the University of Tokyoand Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ofJapan, and the Max-Planck Institute (MPI) for
Meteorology of Germany, respectively. The value-addedLand Data Assimilation products from both regional andglobal scale processing systems with emphasis on theGlobal Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) arebeing developed in the USA (NASA/GSFC and NCEP)
as a contribution to CEOP.

Figure1: The first global integrated data sets of thewater cycle.
2.1.1 In-situ
The in-situ observation data are collected at 36 different
reference sites in the world, classified in sub-surface (soilprofile), surface (standard meteorological and radiation),and upper-air(by rawin sonde and profiler). All the data
are now archived at the Data Archiving Center in theUCAR, US.

2.1.2 Satellite
As for the satellite data, JAXA, NASA, NOAA and ESA
provide passive and active microwave, visible andnear-infrared, and sounder data. The University of Tokyo,
Japan has been doing this archiving work.
2.1.3 Model Output
Regarding Model output data, the world elevennumerical weather prediction centers ( NCEP, UKMO,NASA(GMAO,GLDAS), JMA, BMRC, ECMWF,NCMRWF, ECPC and CPTEC/INPE) provide global
grid data by six hours, and the one-hour high time
resolution point data called MOLTS (MOdel Location ofTime Series). These data are archived at Max Planck
Institute of Meteorology in Germany.
2.2 Available Data sets
Table1 and Table2 show the currently available data setsof In-situ, Satellite and Model output data for CEOP 36
reference sites. CEOP full data will be available January
2006.
Table 1: Available Data list for EOP-1 (July to Sep. 2001)

Figure2: Architecture of Data Integration System.

4. Data Integration Interface
This system was designed under the basic concept of;• User friendly• Hiding complicated tasks from users• Supporting various computer environments• No special hardware or software to use
Figure3 shows the image of data selection. Users canselect the In-situ, Satellite and Model data respectively.
And they can specify any particular time.

Table 2: Available Data list for First Half EOP-3(Oct. 2002 to Mar. 2003)

3. System architecture
Figure 3: Data Selection Window.
As shown in Figure2, archived data are managed by
Data Base Management System (DBMS). The
communication between client and server is carried out
by the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
The user can use this system without any special
software or hard ware. But the only JAVA runtimeenvironment is required.

By selecting In-situ and Model output data, users cancompare each data shown as in Figure 4. The left figure
shows the time series of averaged surface temperature ofNASA GLDAS MOLTS and In-situ observation at Inner
Mongolia site, during 1 to 10 July, 2001. The right figureis the scatter diagram of them.

5. Conclusion

Figure 4: Data Comparison at Inner Mongolia referencesite (Left: time series, Right: scatter chart).
Next is another example of the typhoon at CEOP North
South China Sea – Southern Japan (NSCSSJ-Taiwan)
Reference site in September 2001. (See Figure 5). The
upper figure shows the list of selected data. Selected data
are TRMM/PR, GMS/IR-1, in-situ/Surface Air Pressure
and in-situ/Surface Precipitation. The middle figure
shows the comparison between in-situ surface pressure
and precipitation. You can see the heavy rain fallaccompanying rapid decrease of air pressure. The bottom
figure shows the image of GMS/IR-1 and TRMM/PR.
You can see the spatial distribution of IR-1 and PR, andcross-section distribution of PR.

The goal of our CEOP Project is to establish aninternational framework for operating a sustained
observational scheme of the global water cycle thatmakes maximum use of the valuable information gained
for the benefit of society. And for this purpose, it isnecessary to establish information systems and services
that can integrate the observational, model andsocio-economic data and products: interpret theintegrated data sets, and provide for sharing the data,products and information internationally. To achieve thisgoal, the prototype of CEOP Data Integration System isdesigned and will be developed into a further advanced
level in the future.

AcknowledgementsThis study was funded by the Japan Science andTechnology Corporation, Core Research for Evolution
Science and Agency and Special Coordination Funds for
Promoting Science and Technology as part of theCoordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP).

References
Koike, T. The Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period – aninitial step for integrated global water cycle observation.
WMO Bulletin, 53, No.2. 115 - 121, 2004.

Green: Pressure
Red: Precipitation

GMS

TRMM/PR

Figure 5: Data Comparison at NSCSSJ-Taiwan referencesite(Upper: selected data, Middle: comparison of in-situ data,
Bottom: comparison of satellite data)