ȹ͎๬ѰѾёଘશ͏൥ࠒѠધৡӇӝҫҩȹȹࣜȹ ઢȹ ভȹ პȹȹȹȹɝʎʉʂʇ’ʌȹɰɺʒȹʈɿȹɭʁʂʇʄʂʇʀȹɿʈʋȹʍʁɾȹɩʎʋʉʈʌɾȹʈɿȹɫɾʍʋʂɾʏʂʇʀȹʍʁɾȹɩʎʋʅʈʂʇɾɽȹɥɾʍʍɾʋȹȹȹȹɤɚɧɞɤɨɅȹɦʂʍʌʎʌʁʂʀɾȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹ൉࿾൉޸ࢯ‫گ‬࿳ળ‫޸݌‬࿨ड़ࢂࡆᅃȹ ൊ 36 ߪൊ 1 ৺2014 ໧ 4 ॆȹ သੰ
Reprinted From
THE RESEARCH BULLETIN OF THE FACULTY OFEDUCATION AND WELFARE SCIENCE,OITA UNIVERSITY
Vol. 36, No. 1̜April 2014
OITA, JAPAN኱ศ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱⚟♴⛉Ꮫ㒊◊✲⣖せ㸦Res. Bull. Fac. Educ.䠃Welf. Sci., Oita Univ.䠅

1 ࠕ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࠖዣ㑏ࡢᛮ⪃ࣉࣟࢭࢫ㔠 Ꮚ ග ⱱ㸨࠙せ ᪨ࠚ  ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ, ᥈ഄࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢ஦௳ゎỴࢆᨭ࠼ࡓࡶࡢࡣᣢࡕ๓ࡢศᯒⓗ▱ᛶࡢຊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ▱ᛶࡣ, ᵓ㐀୺⩏ࡢ▱ぢ࡟㏻ᗏࡍࡿࠋ࠶ࡿே㛫ࡢᛮ⪃ᵝᘧࡣ,ࡑࡢே㛫ࡀ⫱ࡗࡓ♫఍ࡢᛮ⪃ᯟ࡟ᙉࡃ᮰⦡ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛, ࡑࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ⮬⏤࡞≀ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࡴࡎ࠿ࡋࡃ, ࠿࡞ࡾ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃࡟␃ࡲࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚⮬ศࡢᒓࡍࡿ♫఍ࡀチᐜࡍࡿ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡢᛮ⪃ᵝᘧ࠿ࡽ⬺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎ, ࠸ࡁ࠾࠸,↓ᛮ៖࡟⮬ศࡢᛮ⪃ࢆ௚ࡢ♫఍ࡢᛮ⪃࡟ࡶ㐺⏝ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺, ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀᵓ㐀୺⩏ࡢ▱ぢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᝏⒷࡀ㆙ど⥲┘ࡢᤚᰝࡢࡘࡲࡎࡁࡢࡶ࡜ࡔ࡜ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣぢᢤࡃࠋ⮬ศࡢᛮ⪃ࡶ≢ேࡢᛮ⪃ࡶྠࡌࡔ࡜ぢ࡞ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟⥲┘ࡢㄗㅸࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺⌮ゎࡢࡶ࡜࡟ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣ, ⏕᮶ࡢ⣔⤫ⓗ࡛ᩘᏛ⪅ⓗ࡞㢌⬻࡜ᅛ᭷ࡢศᯒⓗ࡞▱ᛶ࡜ࢆ㥑౑ࡋ࡚஦௳ゎỴ࡟₈ࡂ╔ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ, ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀᮏㄽࡢ⤖ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣮࠙࢟࣡ࢻࠚ  E. A. ࣏࣮ ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ ศᯒⓗᛮ⪃ ᵓ㐀୺⩏, ୡ࡟᥈ഄᑠㄝࢆึࡵ࡚Ⓩሙࡉࡏࡓ࣏࣮( E. A. Poe 1809-49)ࡢసရ࡟ࠗ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬࠘(“ThePurloined Letter” 1843 ᖺస)ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ1844 ᖺ࡟ୡ࡟ฟࡓࡇࡢసရࡣ,ୡேࡀᛮ࠸ࡘ࠿࡞࠸ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ୺ேබࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢά㌍ࢆᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஦௳ࡢゎỴࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓࡢࡣ,ࡦ࡜࠼࡟ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢศᯒⓗᛮ⪃ࡺ࠼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢศᯒⓗᛮ⪃࡜ࡣఱ࠿, ࡑࡋ࡚ศᯒⓗᛮ⪃ࢆྍ⬟࡞ࡽࡋࡵࡓᛮ⪃ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡢࡀᮏㄽࡢ≺࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢసရ࡟ࡣ, ࣃࣜ⏕ࡲࢀࡢ⢭⚄⛉་ࢪࣕࢵࢡ࣭ࣛ࢝ࣥ(Jacques Lacan)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⢭⚄ศᯒᏛⓗゎ㔘ࡀヨࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣛ࢝ࣥࡀㄽᩥ㞟࢚ࠗࢡࣜ࠘ࡢෑ㢌࡟⨨࠸ࡓࠕࠗ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬࠘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢭ࣑ࢿ࣮ࣝࠖ(1)ࡣ, ࣇࣟ࢖ࢺࡢࠗᛌᴦཎ๎ࡢᙼᓊ࠘ࡢὀゎࢆヨࡳࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ, ࡲࡎࡣ,ࡑࡢ⢭⦓࡞⢭⚄ศᯒᏛⓗゎ㔘ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ࣛ࢝ࣥࡣ, ࣏࣮ࡢࠗ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬࠘࡟ࡣ㸱ࡘࡢど⥺ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ, ࡜ゝ࠺ࠋ

ᖹᡂ 25 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 17 ᪥ཷ⌮㸨࠿ࡡࡇ࣭ࡳࡘࡋࡆ ኱ศ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱⚟♴⛉Ꮫ㒊ゝㄒᩍ⫱ㅮᗙ㸦࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᩥᏛ㸧㔠   Ꮚ2  㸯㸧➨㸯ࡢど⥺---ఱࡶぢ࡚࠸࡞࠸ど⥺㸦ᅜ⋤࡜㆙ᐹ㸧㸰㸧➨㸰ࡢど⥺---➨㸯ࡢど⥺ࡣఱࡶぢ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛, ⮬ศࡀ㞃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ         ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸㐪࠸ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿど⥺㸦ྡྷ, ḟ࡟ࡣ         ኱⮧㸧  㸱㸧➨㸱ࡢど⥺---ධᡭࡋࡓ࠸࡜ḧࡍࡿ⪅ࡢ┠࡟ぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㞃ࡍ࡭ࡁ≀࡞ࡢ           ࡟ࡴࡁฟࡋ࡛ᨺ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᙇᮏேࡣୖࡢ㸯㸧࡜㸰㸧ࡢど⥺           ࡔ࡜ศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿど⥺㸦኱⮧, ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣࢹࣗࣃࣥ㸧ࡇࡢ㸱ࡘࡢど⥺ࡀ㸯㸧࠿ࡽ㸱㸧࡬㡰࡟⛣ືࡋ࡚ࡺࡃ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚, ┐ࡲࢀࡓ᫬Ⅼ࠿ࡽ┐ࡳ㏉ࡉࢀࡿ᫬Ⅼࡲ࡛, ྠࡌືసࢆ㔜ࡡ࡞ࡀࡽࣉࣟࢵࢺࡣ㐍ᒎࡍࡿࠋᅜ⋤ࡀぢⴠ࡜ࡋࡓ➨㸯ࡢど⥺ࢆ㆙ど⥲┘ࡀ₇ࡌ, ྡྷࡀぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸㐪࠸ࡋࡓ➨㸰ࡢど⥺ࢆ኱⮧ࡀ₇ࡌ, ኱⮧ࡀࡴࡁฟࡋ࡛ᨺ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᙇᮏேࡀࡇࡢே≀ࡔ࡜ศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ➨㸱ࡢど⥺ࢆࢹࣗࣃࣥࡀ₇ࡌࡿ, ࡜࠸࠺ලྜ࡟୍㒊࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣛࢵࣉࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ, ྠ୍ࡢືసࡀࡃࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿ, ࡜ࣛ࢝ࣥࡣ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ྠࡌືసࡀ㡰⧞ࡾ࡟ࡃࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ, ཯᚟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࠕ཯᚟⬣㏕(repetition automatism = Wiederholungszwang)ࠖࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋᡭ⣬ࡣᢚᅽ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ, ᢚᅽࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣࠕ཯᚟⾜Ⅽ(repetitive action)ࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ᅇᖐࡍࡿࡢ࡛, ᡭ⣬ࢆᡭ࡟ࡋࡓྡྷࡸ኱⮧ࡣྠࡌືసࢆ཯᚟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ, ࡜ࣛ࢝ࣥࡣゝ࠺ࠋ ࡔࡀ, ᭱ᚋ࡟ᡭ⣬ࢆᡭ࡟ࡋࡓࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢ㌟࡟ࠕ཯᚟⬣㏕ࠖࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ, ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡀ, ᡭ⣬࡜㈌ᖯࡣྠ㉁ࡢࡶࡢࡔ࡜⇍▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ,(2)ࡀࡺ࠼࡟, ࡉࡗࡉ࡜ᡭ⣬ࢆ㆙ど⥲┘ࡀ᣺ࡾฟࡋࡓ㸳୓ࣇࣛࣥࡢᑠษᡭ࡜஺᥮ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠿ࡽࡔ, ࡜⿵㊊ࡍࡿࡢࡀෆ⏣ᶞẶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝, Ⅵ║࠶ࡩࢀࡿ⿵㊊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⥆ࡅ࡚, ࡉࡽ࡟ࠕࢃࡓࡋࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠕࠗ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬࠘ࡢⓎಙࡍࡿ࣓ࢵ
ࢭ࣮ࢪ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ(3)࡜ࡍࡿࡀ, ࡇࢀࡣෆ⏣Ặࡢ᥎᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ,సရ࡟ࡑ࠺࠸࠺グ㏙ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᡭ⣬ࡣࠕᡤ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᣢ୺࡟ຊࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡀ, ౑࠼ࡤຠຊࢆኻ࠺ࠖ (4)࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡜ࡶ࠶ࢀ, ࣛ࢝ࣥࡢ࢚ࠗࢡࣜ࠘ࡢෑ㢌ࢆ࠿ࡊࡿࠗ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬࠘ࡢゎㄝࡣ, ࣇࣟ࢖ࢺࡢᛌᴦཎ๎ࡢὀ㔘࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡽࢃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛,ࠕ཯᚟⬣㏕ࠖࡢ⑕ೃ࡟ࡋࡰࡗ࡚ࡢゎㄝࢆࡡࡽ࠸࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣇࣟ࢖ࢺ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡣ, ࡑࡢ❧ㄽࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞, ཯ドྍ⬟ᛶࡀ↓࠸, ࡜ࡣࡼࡃゝࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡀ, ࡑࢀࡣࠕ཯᚟⬣㏕ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠋⓏሙே≀ࡀࡳ࡞୍ᚊ࡟ࠕ཯᚟⬣㏕ࠖࡢ⑕ೃࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣㄞࡳࡀࡓ࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸࠺஦᝟࠿ࡽ,ࠕ཯᚟⬣㏕ࠖࡢ⑕ೃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡔࡅࡣᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࡦ࡜ࡲࡎ␃ಖࡋ࡚ㄽࢆࡍࡍࡵ࡚ࡶ, ࣛ࢝ࣥࡢ▱ⓗጾಙࢆ○ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ಙࡎࡿࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚, ࣛ࢝ࣥࡢゝ࠺㸱ࡘࡢど⥺ࡢᏑᅾࡣࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡘࡘࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࢆᨭ࠼ࡿᇶ┙ࢆࡉࡄࡾ,ࠕศᯒⓗᛮ⪃ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ, ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࡢⓎぢ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆࡓࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢᡭ⣬ዣ㑏ࡢᛮ⪃ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆศᯒࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ,, ᥈ഄᑠㄝࡢ⏕ࡳࡢぶ E. A.࣏࣮ࡀୡ࡟ฟࡋࡓഔసࠗ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬࠘ࡢ࠶ࡽࡍࡌࡣ,ࡇ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࠖዣ㑏ࡢᛮ⪃ࣉࣟࢭࢫ3 ༑஑ୡ⣖ࡢ࠶ࡿᖺࡢ⛅ࡢࣃࣜࡣࢧࣥࢪ࢙࣐ࣝࣥఫᏯ⾤ࠋࡇࡇ࡟ᒃࢆᵓ࠼ࡿ᥈ഄࢹࣗࣃࣥࢆࣃࣜࡢ㆙ど⥲┘㹅Ặࡀゼࡡ࡚᮶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡲබົ࡛࠿࠿࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㠃ಽ࡞஦௳ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࢹࣗࣃࣥ࡟┦ㄯࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺⏝ྥࡁ࠿ࡽ≀ㄒࡀጞࡲࡿࠋ ஦௳ࡣ, ᐑẊෆࡢ㛻ᡣ࡛⋤ድ࡜ᛮࡋ࠸ே≀ࡀᡭ⣬ࢆ୍㏻ཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟➃ࢆⓎࡍࡿࠋᢡࡋࡶࡑࡇ࡬ᅜ⋤ࡀධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ⋤ድࡣㄞࡴࡢࢆ୰᩿ࡋ࡚ᡭ⣬ࢆᘬࡁฟࡋ࡟ࡋࡲ࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡀᯝࡓ
ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋᡭ⣬ࡣ, ࠶ࢃ࡚࡚, ᩥ㠃ࡣぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡀᐄ࡚ྡࡀୖ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ㄡ࡟ࡶぢ࠼ࡿ࠿ࡓࡕ࡛༟ୖ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓࠋ ࡉ࠸ࢃ࠸ᡭ⣬ࡣᅜ⋤࡟Ẽ࡙࠿ࢀࡎ࡟῭ࢇࡔࠋࡀ, ࡑࡇ࡟ D ኱⮧ࡀධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ኱⮧ࡣ⋤ድࡢ⊋⊌ࡪࡾࢆぢ࡚ྲྀࡾ, ⛎ࡵ஦ࢆᐹ▱ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚࠸ࡘࡶࡢࡼ࠺࡟⏝ྥࡁࢆࡍࡤࡸࡃ῭ࡲࡍ࡜,༟ୖ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓᡭ⣬࡜ぢࡓ┠ࡀࡼࡃఝࡓᡭ⣬ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ, ࡑࢀࢆㄞࡴࡩࡾࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ, ⮬ศࡢᡭ⣬ࢆ⋤ድࡢᡭ⣬ࡢ࠿ࡓࢃࡽ࡟⨨ࡃࠋ෌ࡧ஦ົⓗ࡞ヰࢆࡋࡓ࠶࡜኱⮧ࡣ, ⣲᪩ࡃᡭ⣬ࢆࡍࡾ࠿࠼࡚㛻ᡣࢆ❧ࡕཤࡿࠋ ⋤ድࡣࡇࢀࢆࡘࡪࡉ࡟ぢ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡀ, ኵ࡛࠶ࡿᅜ⋤ࡀࡑࡤ࡟࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡟, ኱⮧ࡀᡭ⣬ࢆ┐ࡴࡢࢆไṆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᡭ⣬ࡣ, ᣢ୺ࡀෆᐜࢆබ㛤ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡓࡔᡤ᭷ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙉ኱࡞ᶒຊࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁࡿ⚄㏻ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺௦≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡦࡑ࠿࡟ᡭ⣬ࢆྲྀࡾ࠿࠼ࡍࡼ࠺⋤ድ࡟౫㢗ࢆཷࡅࡓ㆙ど⥲┘ࡣ኱⮧ࡢᐙ࡜ᩜᆅࢆ኱⮧࡟Ẽ࡙࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃఱᗘࡶᚭᗏⓗ࡟ᤚ⣴ࡍࡿࠋࡔࡀᡭ⣬ࡣฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ኱⮧ࡀ௒ࡶࡑࢀࢆᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ, ≧ἣ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ㸯ࣧ᭶ᚋ, ㆙ど⥲┘ࡣ᥈ഄࢹࣗࣃࣥ࡟ᡭ⣬ࡢྲྀᚓࢆ౫㢗ࡋ࡟᮶ࡿࠋ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࢆዣ㑏ࡍࡿヨࡳࡶ୓⟇ᑾࡁࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡭ⣬ࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ኱㔠ࢆᨭᡶࡗ࡚ࡶᝰࡋࡃࡣ࡞࠸, ࡜ゝ࠺ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ᪩㏿࡜ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡟, ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣ㆙ど⥲┘࡟ࡑࡢሙ࡛♩㔠㸳୓ࣇࣛࣥࡢᑠษᡭࢆ᭩࠿ࡏࡿࠋゝࢃࢀࡿࡲࡲ࡟ᑠษᡭࢆ᭩࠸࡚ᕪࡋฟࡍ࡜, ༶ᗙ࡟, ࡑࢀ࡜ᘬࡁ᭰࠼࡟㸪┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࢆ㆙ど⥲┘࡟Ώࡍࠋ ࠶ࢀ࡯࡝ࡢᚭᗏⓗᤚᰝ࡛ぢࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᡭ⣬ࢆࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡆ࡟ᡭΏࡉࢀࡓ㆙ど⥲┘ࡣ㦫វࡋ୍ゝࡶⓎࡋ࡞࠸ࡲࡲࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢࡶ࡜ࢆཤࡿࠋ ㆙ど⥲┘ࡀཤࡿ࡜, ྡ᥈ഄࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣ཭ே࡛࠶ࡾࡇࡢ≀ㄒࡢㄒࡾᡭ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠕ⚾ࠖ࡟஦ࡢḟ➨ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿ᪥ࡢᮅ, ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣࡩࡽࡾ࡜኱⮧ࡢᒇᩜࢆゼࡡࡓࠋ኱⮧ࡣ㏥ᒅࢆࡶ࡚࠶ࡲࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺㢼᝟࡛ࢹࣗࣃࣥࢆ㏄࠼ධࢀࡿࠋࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣどຊࡀᙅ࠸࡜࠸࠺ཱྀᐇࢆタࡅ࡚ࡇࡢ᪥ࡢࡓࡵ࡟⏝ពࡋࡓ⥳ࡢ࣓࢞ࢿࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚኱⮧࡟࠶ࡸࡋࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ, ヰ࡟⇕୰ࡍࡿ㛫ࡎࡗ࡜, ධᛕ࡟㒊ᒇࢆほᐹࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࡘ࠸࡟ᬮ⅔ࡢ୰ኸ࠿ࡽࡪࡽୗࡀࡿࡳࡍࡰࡽࡋ࠸≧ᕪࡋࡀ┠࡟Ṇࡲࡗࡓࠋᤞ࡚ࡿ࡯࠿࡞
࠸࡜࠸࠺ᙧ≧࡛↓㐀స࡟✺ࡗ㎸ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ᧿ࡾษࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࢆࡑࡇ࡟ぢࡘࡅࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ⩣᪥, ࢃࡊ࡜⨨ࡁᛀࢀ࡚ࡁࡓႥࡂࢱࣂࢥධࢀࢆྲྀࡾ࡟෌ࡧ኱⮧㑰ࢆゼࡡࡿࠋ஧ேࡀ๓᪥
ࡢヰ࡟⇕୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜, ࡑࡢ㒊ᒇࡢ┿ୗ࡛㖠ኌࡀ㎘ࡁᝒ㬆ࡀୖࡀࡿࠋ኱⮧ࡣ㣕ࢇ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚❆ࢆ㛤ࡅ, ㏻ࡾࢆぢୗࢁࡍࠋࡑࡢࡍࡁ࡟ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠸ࡓഇ≀ࢆࠕ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࠖ࡜ࡍࡾ᭰࠼, ᬤஒ࠸ࡋ࡚኱⮧㑰ࢆ㎡ࡍࠋ❆ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࡢ㖠ኌࡣ㸪ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡀ㞠ࡗࡓ⏨࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛, ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏ࡝࠾ࡾࡢ㦁ࡂࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢ஦ࡢ᥎⛣࡟, ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡀㄒࡿࠕ୎༙༤ᡴ࡟㛗ࡌࡓᑡᖺࠖ࡜ࠕᆅᅗ࡛㐟ࡪㅦゎࡁࢤ4㔠   Ꮚ࣮࣒ࠖࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࢆᤄධࡍࢀࡤ, సရࡢ࠶ࡽࡍࡌࡣ, ࡯ࡰ᏶ᡂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ,,,
 ᥈ഄᑠㄝ࡛ࡣࠕ㆙ᐹࡢ㏻ᖖࡢᤚᰝ᪉ἲࡀ㡻᣸ࢆࡁࡓࡍ࡜, ྡ᥈ഄࡀⓏሙࡋ, ࡝࠺࠸࠺⊂⮬ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛≢⨥ࢆゎỴࡋ࡚ࡳࡏࡿ࠿, ࡑࡢᡭἲࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠖ(5)࡜ࡣ, ୡࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ᥈ഄᑠㄝࡢ㓬㓮࿡࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࢆゝࡗ࡚ࡢࡅࡓࣦ࢕ࣥࢭࣥࢺ࣭ࣈࣛࢿࢵࣜࡢ⮳ゝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟⥆ࡅ࡚, ࣈࣛࢿࢵࣜࡣ, ࡇࡢసရ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢹࣗࣃࣥ⊂⮬ࡢᡭἲࡣࠕᙼ[ࢹࣗࣃࣥ]ࡢศᯒ(his “analysis”)ࠖ(6)࡟㈇࠺
ᡤࡀከ࠸, ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋ ࡌࡗࡉ࠸, సရࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ, ே㛫ࢆศᯒⓗ▱ᛶࡢᣢ୺࡜㠀ศᯒⓗ▱ᛶࡢᣢ୺࡜࡟ศࡅࡿ࡜ヰࡀࡣࡸ࠸ࠋศᯒⓗ▱ᛶࡢᣢ୺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ,ࠕ୎༙༤ᡴ࡟㛗ࡌࡓᑡᖺࠖࡀ஦౛࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㠀ศᯒⓗ▱ᛶࡢᣢ୺࡟ࡣ㆙ど⥲┘(௨ୗ, ⥲┘࡜␎⛠ࡍࡿ)ࡀ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠋ ୎༙༤ᡴ࡟㛗ࡌࡓᑡᖺ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜, ┦ᡭࡀ୎࡜༙ࢆ஺࡛᭰ࡃࡾฟࡍ㤿㮵⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࠿, ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶྠࡌ┠ࢆฟࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡸࡸ㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㤿㮵⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࢀ,ࠕ⮬ศࡢ⾲᝟ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࡨࡗࡓࡾ࡜┦ᡭࡢ㢦ࡢ⾲᝟࡟ྜࢃࡏࡿࠖ㸦p. 15㸧ࡢࡀ⛎ジࡔ, ࡜ゝ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢᡭἲࡣே㛫ࡢ⾲᝟࡜࠸࠺እ㒊ᵓ㐀ࢆࡑࡗࡃࡾ࡟ࡘࡃࡾฟࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢእ㒊ᵓ㐀࠿ࡽෆ㒊ᵓ㐀࡟㐳ཬࡋ࡚ᚰࡢືࡁࢆࡉࡄࡾᙜ࡚ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ᪉⟇࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ, ࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏே࡟ࡼࡿほᐹ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ, ࠶ࡿே㛫ࡀბࢆࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡣ, ࡑࢀࢆཱྀ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࡢࡑࡢேࡢ┠ࡀᕥྑ࡝ࡕࡽࢆྥࡃ࠿ุ࡛ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ, ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ, ࡑࡢேࡀბࢆࡘࡃ࡜ࡁࡢど⥺ࡣྑ࠿ᕥ࠿ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡟Ⓑ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅛᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ (7)㗦࠸ほᐹຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ბࢆࡘࡃ࡜ࡁࡢᙜேࡀᕥྑࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࡟┠ࢆὋࡀࡏࡿ࠿ࡣ, ࡁࡕࢇ࡜Ỵࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜,ᚰࡢືࡁࡣෆ࠿ࡽእ࡬┠ࡢ⾲᝟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ᄇฟࡍࡿⒷࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ,ࡑࡢᄇฟࡋࡓ⾲᝟ࢆศᯒࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ⾲᝟࡟⌧ࢀࡓᚰࡢືࡁࢆ┠ࡢྥࡁ࡛ᐹ▱ࡍࡿᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୎༙༤ᡴ࡟㛗ࡌࡓᑡᖺࡢὝᐹຊ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ, ཎ⌮ࡣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋእ࡟⌧ࢀࡓ┦ᡭࡢ⾲᝟࡜ࡨࡗࡓࡾࡢ⾲᝟ࢆ⮬ศࡢ⾲᝟࡟ࡑࡗࡃࡾࡘࡃࡾฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚, ෆ㒊ࡢᚰࡢືࡁࢆࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒࡛▱ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ᑍἲࡔࠋእ㒊ᵓ㐀࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ෆ㒊ᵓ㐀࡟⾜ࡁ╔ࡁ, ᚰࡢືࡁࢆㄞࡴ, ࡜࠸࠺ศᯒⓗ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑡᖺࡀ᥇ࡿศᯒἲࡣ, ⮬ᕫ୰ᚰⓗศᯒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ, ┦ᡭࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡓ㸦ᆅືㄝⓗ㸧ศᯒⓗᡭἲࡔ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ௚᪉, 㠀ศᯒⓗ▱ᛶࡢ௦⾲ࡣ⮬ᕫࢆศᯒࡢ୰ᚰ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡿ㸦ኳືㄝⓗ㸧ศᯒᡭἲࢆ࡜ࡿⅬ࡟≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ㞃ࡉࢀࡓ≀ࢆ᥈⣴ࡍࡿ㝿࡟, ⮬ศࡓࡕࡔࡗࡓࡽࡇ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㞃ࡋ᪉࡟ࡋ࠿ὀពࢆྥࡅ࡞࠸ࠖ㸦p. 16㸧࡜ࡇࢁࡀ⥲┘ࡢศᯒἲࡢ≉Ⰽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ┦ᡭ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⮬ศࢆ୰ᚰᇶ㍈࡟ᤣ࠼ࡓศᯒἲ࡛࠶ࡾ, ࡇࢀࢆࠕ㠀ศᯒⓗ▱ᛶࠖ࡜࿧ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ,ࠕ㠀ศᯒⓗ▱ᛶ࡜ࡣ, ⮬ศࡢᇶ‽ࢆ┦ᡭ࡟↓ᛮ៖࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠖ (8)ࡀ, ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡀ┦ᡭࡢ⪃࠼࡜ᑍศࡢ㐪࠸ࡶ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⮬ศ຾ᡭ࡞ุ᩿࡟ᅛᇳࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛, ࡇࢀ࡛ࡣ┦ᡭࡢᚰࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝୙ྍ⬟ࡔ࠿ࡽࡔࠋ㢌ࡢ࠸࠸ࢃࡓࡋࡢᛮ⪃࡟ㄗࡾࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛, ࢃࡓࡋࡢᛮ⪃ࢆ෇ࡢ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚, ௚ேࡢ㢌ࡢ୰ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎࡔ࡜ࡍࡿኳືㄝⓗゎ㔘ࡣ, 㠀⌮▱ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢃࡓࡋࡢᛮ⪃࡟ㄗࡾࡣ࡞࠸࡜⮬ㄆࡍࡿ᥎᩿ࡣ, ⮬ศࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠾ࡾ࡟௚ࡢே㛫ࡶ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺, ᰿ᣐࡢ࡞࠸ㄽ⌮ᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡃ⏣ᘬỈᆺࡢࡇࡢᛮ⪃ᅇ㊰࡟ࡣ, ▱ⓗศᯒຊࡢ∦㫣ࡍࡽぢ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࠕ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࠖዣ㑏ࡢᛮ⪃ࣉࣟࢭࢫ5 ḟ࡟⤂௓ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀࠕᆅᅗ࡛㐟ࡪㅦゎࡁࢤ࣮࣒࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᆅᅗࡢ୰࡟グࡉࢀࡓ௵ពࡢྡ⛠ࢆゝࡗ࡚, ࡑࢀࡀ࡝ࡇ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ┦ᡭ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡉࡏࡿࢤ࣮࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⣲ேࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅᑠࡉ࡞ᩥᏐ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓྡ⛠ࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛┦ᡭࢆᅔࡽࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡀ, ࡇࢀ࡛ࡣࢤ࣮࣒࡟຾࡚࡞࠸ࠋ ㏫࡟⋞ேࡸ㐩ேࡣ㸪ᆅᅗࡢᕥྑ୧㠃࡟ᗈࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡞኱ࡁ࡞ᩥᏐ࡛༳ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྡ⛠ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋᑠࡉ࡞ᩥᏐ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓぢ࡟ࡃ࠸ྡ⛠ࢆ┦ᡭࡣ⪺࠸࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ, ⣲ேࡣ┳ᯈࡳࡓ࠸࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᩥᏐ࡛᭩࠿ࢀࡓྡ⛠ࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࡢ, ┦ᡭࢆฟࡋᢤࡃࢺࣜࢵࢡ࡟ࣄࣥࢺࢆᚓ࡚, ศᯒⓗ࡟኱⮧ࡢᚰࡢᵓ㐀ࢆㄞࡳゎࡁ, ᡭ⣬ࡢ㞃ࡋሙᡤࢆⓎぢࡋ࠾࠾ࡏࡓࡢࡀࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢ┿㦵㡬࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ኱⮧ࡣேࢆࡔࡲࡍࢺࣜࢵࢡࢆ࠺ࡲࡃ౑ࡗ࡚ࣃࣜ㆙ᐹ࡜⥲┘ࢆ, ࡲࢇࡲ࡜, ฟࡋᢤ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡟㐪࠸࡞࠸, ࡜ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣ㋃ࢇࡔࡢࡔࠋ⥳ࡢ࣓࢞ࢿࢆ㈙࠸㎸ࡴ࡜, ኱⮧㑰ࢆゼࢀ, ぢ஦࡞ヰ⾡࡛኱⮧ࢆヰࡢ࡜ࡾࡇ࡟ࡋ࡞
ࡀࡽ, ࡓࡗ࡫ࡾ࡜᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚,࣓࢞ࢿࡢዟ࠿ࡽᡭ⣬ࡢ㞃ࡋሙᡤࡢⓎぢ࡟ࡘ࡜ࡵࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ ⥲┘ࡢ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿᚭᗏⓗᤚᰝࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡋ࡚ࡶぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠕ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࠖࡣ, ࢼࣥࢺ, ࡇࢀぢࡼࡀࡋ࡟᭱ࡶே┠࡟ࡘࡃᬮ⅔ࡢ๓࡟ࡪࡽୗࡀࡿ≧ᕪࡋ࡟↓㐀స࡟✺ࡗ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢศᯒⓗ▱ᛶࡣ, ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ࡣࠕᆅᅗ࡛㐟ࡪㅦゎࡁࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ,ࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ࡣே㛫ࡢᛮ⪃ࡣ, ࡑࡢே㛫ࡀᒓࡍࡿ♫఍ࡀ㔊ᡂࡍࡿᛮ⪃ᵓ㐀ࡢᯟෆ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸, ࡜࠸࠺▱ぢࢆᇶ♏࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ▱ぢࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡇࡑ, ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣࠕ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࠖࢆⓎぢࡋᚓࡓ࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ,9 ᡭ⣬Ⓨぢ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࡢࡣ, ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢศᯒⓗᛮ⪃ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ▱ぢࡀ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡣ, Ⓨぢࡣ↓⌮ࡔࡗࡓࢁ࠺ࠋ୍ཱྀ࡛ゝ࠺࡜, ࢹࣗࣃࣥࢆᨭ࠼ࡓࡶࡢࡣ, ᵓ㐀୺⩏ⓗ▱ぢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ▱ぢࡢṇయࢆ▱ࡿ࡟ࡣ, ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᵓ㐀୺⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀ࡚࠾࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᵓ㐀୺⩏ࡢ⌮ㄝࡣࡇ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ே㛫ࡣ࡝ࡢ᫬௦࡟⏕ࡲࢀⴠࡕ࡚ࡶࡑࡢ᫬௦ࡢ✵Ẽࢆ྾࠸, ࡑࡢᆅᇦ࡟⏕ࡁ, ࡑࡢ♫఍࡟ᖐᒓࡋ࡚⏕ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≀ࡢぢ᪉ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡛≉᭷ࡢ࠿ࡓࡕࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ே㛫࡟ࡲ࡜࠸ࡘࡁ, ᖐᒓࡍࡿ♫఍ࡀ⊂⮬࡟ࡘࡃࡾࡔࡍ⊂≉ࡢᵝᘧࢆᖏࡧࡿࠋಶேࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡸ⾜ືᵝᘧࡣ,ࡑࡢಶேࢆ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚㢧ᅾ໬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ, ಶேࡀᖐᒓࡍࡿ♫఍ࡀ㞟ᅋⓗඹ᫬ⓗ࡟ࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋࡓᛮ᝿ࡸ⾜ືᵝᘧࢆ࡯ࡰ㋃くࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟࡯࠿࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡔ࠿ࡽಶேࡣ⮬ศࡀᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࡝⮬⏤࡞Ⓨ᝿ࡸᛮ᝿ࢆࡶࡗ࡚⾜ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ,ࡶࡢࡢぢ᪉ࡶ᣺⯙࠸ࡶ⮬ศࡀᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࡝୺యⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⮬ศࡀࠕᒓࡍࡿ♫఍㞟ᅋࡀཷࡅධࢀࡓࡶࡢࡔࡅࢆ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟ࠖ (9)ぢࡏࡽࢀ, ឤࡌࡉࡏࡽࢀ,⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᖐᒓࡍࡿ♫఍㞟ᅋࡀ᤼㝖ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣ, ᭱ึ࠿ࡽ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ஬ឤ࡟ゐࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛, ឤཷࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡍࡽ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡋ, ࡣ࡞࠿ࡽᛮ⣴ࡢᑐ㇟࡟ࡍࡽ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ே㛫ࡣㄡࡋࡶ⮬ศࢆ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋ⾜ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ, ᐇࡣᖐᒓࡍࡿ♫఍㞟ᅋ࡟ᕥྑࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ྛேࡢ୺యᛶࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ஦ᐇࢆ೏ࡴࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ᥈ồࡋ࡚ᚭᗏⓗ࡟᥀ࡾୗࡆ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚☜❧ࡋࡓࡢࡀࣦࣞ࢕=ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢫ(ClaudeLevi=Strauss 1908-2009)ࡢᵓ㐀୺⩏࡜࠸࠺Ꮫၥయ⣔࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖐᒓࡍࡿ♫఍㞟ᅋ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡢ6㔠   Ꮚࡢぢ᪉ࡀኚࢃࡿ, ࡜࠸࠺ᵓ㐀୺⩏ࡢほⅬ࡟❧ࡘ࡜, 㸰ࡘࡢ♫఍㞟ᅋࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࡑࢀࡒࢀ⏕άࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡸ౯್ほࡸୡ㛫ࡢぢ࠼᪉࡟Ỵᐃⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡀฟࡿ, ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠕᵓ㐀୺⩏ࠖࡢ฿㐩ࡋࡓ▱ぢ࡛࠶ࡾ, ຌ⦼࡞ࡢࡔࠋ ࡛ࡣ, ࡇࡢᵓ㐀୺⩏ࡢ▱ぢ࡟ࡼࡾ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚≀ㄒࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ⥲┘ࡢᤚᰝ᪉ἲࡣ,㆙ᐹ♫఍ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᤚᰝ⤒㦂࡜ᡂຌ࡟⿬ᡴࡕࡉࢀࡓ᏶⎍࡞ᤚᰝ᪉ἲࡔࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ, ≢ே㐊ᤕࡸ┐ရⓎぢ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣ, ⤒㦂ⓗ࡟ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱⓗ࡟ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛᭱ࡶຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᤚᰝ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡾ, 㠀ࡢᡴࡕ࡝ࡇࢁࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡣࡎࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ࡇࢀࡣࢹࣗࣃࣥࡶ඲㠃ⓗ࡟ㄆࡵࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧 ࡔࡢ࡟┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࡀⓎぢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼, ఱᗘࡶྠࡌᤚᰝࢆࡃࡾ࠿࠼ࡍ࡯࠿, ᐙලࡢ⬮ࡢ✵Ὕ࡟㞃ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸࠿, ᐙලࢆศゎࡋ, ࢡࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡟୸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿㔪࡛ࡉࡄࡾ, ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᣑ኱㙾ࡸᒇᩜࡢᅗ㠃ࡲ࡛౑ࡗ࡚኱⮧ࡢ㑰Ꮿ࠾ࡼࡧᒇᩜࡢᩜᆅࡢᩜ▼࡟࠸ࡓࡿࡲ࡛, ⹻₽ࡋ࡟ᤚᰝࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ ࣃࣜ㆙ᐹ࡜ࡇࢀࢆ⋡࠸ࡿ⥲┘ࡣ, ᙜ᫬ࡢ♫఍ࡀᮃࡳᚓࡿ᭱ඛ➃ࡢᢏ⾡࡜▱ຊࢆᑾࡃࡋࡓᤚᰝ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡗࡓ㏆௦㆙ᐹࡢ᭱ᙉ㞟ᅋࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡘࡲࡾ, ▱ຊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᢏ⾡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ, ᤚᰝ⬟ຊࡣ, 㐣ཤࡢ࡝ࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡶຎࡽࡠ᭱ඃ⚽ࡢ㆙ᐹ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟␲࠸ࡢవᆅࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡔ࠿ࡽ⥲┘ࡣ, ᚲࡎ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࡣぢࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺⮬ಙࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ኱⮧ࡢ␃Ᏺ୰ࡢᒇᩜᤚᰝ࡛ࡣ୙ዴព࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡾ, ⮬ಙࡣ⬤ࡃࡶࡃࡎࢀࡿࠋࠕࡇࢀ࡯࡝ពẼᾘỿࡋ, ࡋࡻࡆ࠿࠼ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⥲┘ࡢጼࢆぢࡓࡢࡣࡇࢀࡀึࡵ࡚ࡔࡗࡓࠖ
㸦p.
13㸧࡜グࡍㄒࡾᡭࡢࡇ࡜ࡤ࡟⥲┘ࡢ⮬ಙ႙ኻࡢ῝้ࡉࡀఏࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ⮬ಙᐙࡢ⥲┘࡛ࡶ୓⟇ᑾࡁࡓࡘࡲࡎࡁࡣ, ㏆௦࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃேࡢᛮ⪃ࡢ㌑ࡁ࡜㌶ࢆ୍࡟ࡍࡿ,࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ⥲┘࡜ྠᵝ, ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃேࡣㄡࡋࡶ, ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢୡ⏺ほࡣṇࡋࡃ, Ꮫၥⓗ㉁࡜㧗ᑦࡉࡢⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ, ᛮ⪃ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢṇ☜ࡉࡣࡺࡿࡂ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜⮬ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㏆௦ࡢすḢᩥ᫂ࡇࡑࡣ, ே㢮ࡀᡭ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡓ๓ேᮍ฿ࡢ㧗ࡳࢆ㄂ࡿ᭱㧗Ỉ‽࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ␲ࢃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ♫఍ࢆᖍᤥࡍࡿᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ᵓ㐀ࡀ, ᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽ, ⥲┘ࡢࡶࡢࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡟ධࡾ㎸ࡳ, ࡑࡢᛮ⪃ᵓ㐀ࡢᇶ㍈ࢆᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ㏆௦࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ⪃ᵓ㐀࡛ࡣ, ே㢮ྐୖ࡛ே㛫ࡀ฿㐩ࡋࡓ᭱㧗ࡢࡶࡢࡀすὒᩥ࡛᫂࠶ࡿ࡜ኪ㑻⮬኱࡟࡞ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟, ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕άࢆ
㏦ࡿ௒᪥ࡢᮍ㛤ேࡣホ౯ࡢᑐ㇟࡟ࡍࡽ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㏆௦࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃேࡢ┠࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜, ྂ᮶, ௚ࡢே㛫࡜᥋ゐࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸࢔࣐ࢰࣥࡑࡢ௚ࡢᮍ㛤ேࡣ, ே㢮ⓎᒎࡢṔྐ࠿ࡽ኱ࡁࡃྲྀࡾṧࡉࢀࡓ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ே࡜ࡋ࠿ぢ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ேࡣ㏆௦࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃே࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࡑࢀ࡯࡝ࡲ࡛࡟ຎࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᮏㄽࡢ❧ㄽୖࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣ, ࡐࡦ࡜ࡶࡇࡇ࡛ヲ㏙ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᫬௦ࡀࡸࡸ␗࡞ࡿࡢ࡛, ᩥᏐࢆᡭ࡟ࡋ࡚௨㝆ࡢ㏆௦࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᡂ❧ࡲ࡛ࡢ᫬௦࡜ࣉࣟࢺ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦࡜ࢆẚ࡭࡚ࡳࡿࡢࡀබᖹࢆᮇࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࣉࣟࢺ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ࡣ, ⣖ඖ๓ 11000 ᖺ㡭࠿ࡽ⣖ඖ๓ 8500 ᖺ㡭ࡲ࡛, ⣙ 2500 ᖺ㛫ࡢṔྐࢆࡶࡘࠋࡇࡢ᫬௦࡟᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ேࡣᐮࡉ࡜㣚࠼࡟ᑐ⟇ࢆㅮࡌࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ,ே㢮ࡢᏳὈࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡢ࡟୙ྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢࡢṤࢇ࡝ࢆࡇࡢ᫬௦࡟ᡭ୰࡟࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࡇࢀࡀᩥᏐ࡞ࡋࡢ᫬௦࡟ᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡽࢀࡓ஦ࡣ, 㖭グࡍ࡭ࡁ≉➹஦㡯࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ, すḢୡ⏺ࡣᩥᏐࡢⓎ᫂࠿ࡽ௒᪥ࡢ㏆௦⛉Ꮫࡢㄌ⏕ࡲ࡛⣙ 5000 ᖺࡶࡢ㛗࠸ᖺᩘࢆࠕ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࠖዣ㑏ࡢᛮ⪃ࣉࣟࢭࢫ7⤒࡚ࡁࡓࡀ, ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦࡯࡝ࡢᛴ⃭࡞㐍Ṍࡣ㐙ࡆ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕࢠࣜࢩ࣭࣮࣐ࣕࣟࡢᕷẸࡢ⏕ά⠊ᅖ࡜, ༑ඵୡ⣖࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢࣈࣝࢪࣙ࣡ࡢ⏕ά⠊ᅖ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟኱ࡋࡓ┦␗ࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ(10)ࡇ࡜ࢆᣲࡆࢀࡤ஦㊊ࡾࡿࠋせࡍࡿ࡟, すḢ♫఍ᡂ❧ࡲ࡛࡟࠿࠿ࡗࡓᖺ᭶࡜᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ࡢⓎᒎ࡟㈝ࡸࡉࢀࡓᖺ᭶࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜, ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦࡟ே㢮ࡣ, ಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡯࡝㛗㊊ࡢ㐍Ṍࢆ㐙ࡆࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠋࡘࡲࡾ, ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ேࡣࠕᩥᏐࡢຓࡅ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚, ᕧṌࡢ๓㐍ࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡓࠖ(11)ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ཎఫẸ㸦࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ㸧ࡀᩥᏐࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠿, ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ࡢேࠎࡀᩥᏐࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡆࡘࡽࡗ࡚, ↓ᩥᏐᩥ໬ࡢ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ேࢆ⌧௦すὒேࡼࡾࡶຎࡿ, ࡜ゝ࠸ࡘࡢࡿࡢࡣ୙ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡢࡕே㢮ࡀᐮࡉ࡜㣚࠼ࢆ෽ࡄ⾡ࢆᡭ୰࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ,ࡃࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ᙉㄪࡍࡿ࡜, ࡇࡢ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ேࡢⓎぢࡢ㈷≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࡇࡢ㣕㌍ࡣ, ↓ᩥᏐᩥ໬ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ ᩥᏐࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ௒᪥ࡢすὒୡ⏺࡬࡜㐍Ṍࢆ㐙ࡆࡿࡢ࡟ 5000 ᖺࡶࡢᖺ᭶ࢆ㜀ࡋࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ,ࡑࡢࢃࡎ࠿༙ศࡢ 2500 ᖺ࡛㸪᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ேࡣࡑࡢᚋ, ே㢮ࡀ㣚࠼ࡸᐮࡉࢆ෽ࡄᑐ⟇ࢆ࠶ࡳฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋᩥᏐࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ᩥᏐࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡣၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᩥ
Ꮠࢆ᭷ࡍࡿすḢேࡀ, ᩥᏐᩥ໬ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᵓ㐀ᯟෆࡔࡅ࡛ᛮ⪃ࢆࡵࡄࡽࡋ, ௒᪥ࡢே㢮࡟ࡲ࡛⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ᪂▼ჾ᫬௦ேࡢⓎぢ㑇⏘ࡸࡑࡢᩥ໬ࢆຎ➼ࡔ, ࡞࡝࡜ุᐃࡍࡿࡢࡣỴࡋ࡚┿⌮࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᩥᏐࡢ᭷↓ࢆุ᩿ࡢᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚ே㢮ࡢ㐍ṌࡢṔྐࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡓᛮ࠸㎸ࡳ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋศᯒⓗᛮ⪃࡟ࡣ࡯࡝㐲ࡃ, 㠀ศᯒⓗᛮ⪃࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡢࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆࣦࣞ࢕=ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢫࡢࡇ࡜ࡤࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ゝ࠺࡞ࡽ,ࠕ⮬ศࡢ♫఍ࡢ୰ࡔࡅ࡛⾜ືࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ, ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ♫఍ࡢ⌮ゎࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ(12)࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠋே㢮ࡢⓎᒎࡢ᭱ඛ➃ࢆ⾜ࡃ࡜⮬ㄆࡍࡿேࡧ࡜࡟࡜ࡗ࡚, ♫఍ᵓ㐀ࡢᯟෆ࡟㋃ࡳ࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆࡃࡾ࠿࠼ࡍ㝈ࡾ, ศᯒⓗᛮ⪃ࡣỴࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀᚓ࡞࠸࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ9 ⮬ศࡢ♫఍ࡢ୰ࡔࡅ࡛⾜ືࡋᛮ⪃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟㸪⮬ศ࡜␗࡞ࡿ♫఍ࡢᛮ⪃࡟ࡣ⌮ゎࡀཬࡤ࡞࠸➃ⓗ࡞஦౛ࡣ, ᭱ึࡢゼၥࡢ࡜ࡁ⥲┘ࡀࢹࣗࣃࣥࢆホࡋ࡚,ࠕ࡯ࡽࡡ, ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ኚࢃࡗࡓ⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡍࡿே㛫࡞ࢇࡔࡼ, ྩࡣࠖ㸦p. 7㸧࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡤ࡟㞟⣙ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢே≀ホࡣ,ࠕࡼࡃࡼࡃ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ኱஦࡞ࠖ┦ㄯ஦࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣࣛࣥࣉࢆⅬࡅࡎ࡟ࠕᬯ㜌ࡢ୰࡛⪃࠼ࢆࡵࡄࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡼ࠺ࠖ㸦p. 7㸧࡜ゝࡗࡓࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢᥦゝ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚, ⥲┘ࡀⓎࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡤ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆࡑࡤ࡛⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓㄒࡾᡭࡣ,ࠕ⮬ศࡢ⌮ゎࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᜳࡃࠗኚࢃࡗࡓ࠘࡜࠸࠺࿧⛠ࢆ௜ࡅࡿⒷࡀࠖ⥲┘࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿ㸦p. 7㸧࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋṇ㭀ࢆᑕࡓᣦ᦬࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣃࣜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ, ⥲┘ࡶࢹࣗࣃࣥࡶ㢌⬻᫂ᬓࡔ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔࡀᛮ⪃ࡀศᯒⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿㠀ศᯒⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡟࠾࠸࡚Ṕ↛ࡓࡿ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ, ࡍ࡛࡟㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣃࣜ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣃࣜ㆙ᐹ࡜࠸࠺♫఍ࡢ୰ࡔࡅ࡛⾜ືࡋᛮ⪃ࡋ࡚஦௳ゎỴ࡟ຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡛
࠶ࢁ࠺⥲┘ࡣ, ⮬ࡽࡢࡑࡢᛮ⪃ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⮬ᐙ⸆⡲୰ࡢ≀࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡀ⩦࠸ᛶ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࢹࣗࣃࣥ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ࠕࡑ࠺࠸࠺ኚࢃࡗࡓ⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡍࡿே㛫࡞ࢇࡔࡼ, ྩࡣࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᑍホࡀཱྀࢆࡘ࠸࡚ฟࡿࠋ⮬ศࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚ࡁࡓ♫఍ࡢᛮ⪃ࢆศᯒࡢ♏࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛, ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ㐪࠺ே㛫ࡢᛮ⪃࡟⌮ゎࡀཬࡤ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠋ㔠   Ꮚ8 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⏕ࡁ࡚ࡁࡓ♫఍ࡀ㔊ᡂࡋࡓᛮ⪃᪉ἲ࡟๎ࡗࡓ༑ศ࡛᏶⎍࡞ᤚᰝࡀ᏶஢ࡍࢀࡤ, ᒇᩜ࡜ᩜᆅෆ࡟ࠕ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࠖࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸, ࡜ಙࡌ㎸ࡲࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆ≺ࡗ࡚኱⮧ࡣ, ኪศ, ࢃࡊ࡜ᒇᩜࢆ␃Ᏺ࡟ࡋ࡚, ⥲┘ࡢᛮ࠺Ꮡศ࡞ᤚᰝࢆチࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆぢᢤ࠸ࡓࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣ, ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚, ㏻ᖖࡢே㛫ࡀᛮ࠸ࡘࡃࡼ࠺࡞, ࡈࡃ┠❧ࡓ࡞࠸ሙᡤ࡟ᡭ⣬ࡀ⛎༏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸, ࡜࠸࠺☜ಙࢆᚓࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜, ṧࡿ⛎༏ሙᡤࡣே┠࡟ࡘࡃ┠❧ࡘ࡜ࡇࢁࡋ࠿࡞࠸, ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ, ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡀᚓࡓศᯒⓗᛮ⪃ࡢ⤖ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ศᯒⓗᛮ⪃࡜ࡣ,ࠕ⌧㇟ࢆᡂࡾ❧ࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࢆࡍ࡭࡚᦬ฟࡋ, ࡑࢀࡽࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࠿ࡽ,ඖࡢ⌧㇟ࢆࡘࡃࡾࡔࡍ, ࡘࡲࡾ, ෌⌧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺, ⌧ᅾࡢ⾲⌧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤศᯒⓗ࣭ゎᯒⓗ࡞᪉ἲࠖࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ(13)ࡇࢀࡣ, ⛉Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺Ꮫၥ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᯒⓗ᪉ἲ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࢆᐃ⩏ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔ
ࡀ, ࡇࡇ࡟࠸࠺ࠕ⌧㇟ࠖࢆࠕᡭ⣬ࡢ┐㞴ࠖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼࡚ㄞࡵࡤ, సရゎ㔘ࢆ୍ᣲ࡟ࡍࡍࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ,ࠓࠕᡭ⣬ࡢ┐㞴ࠖࢆᡂࡾ❧ࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࢆࡍ࡭࡚᦬ฟࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࠿
ࡽ, ඖࡢࠕᡭ⣬ࡢ┐㞴ࠖࢆࡘࡃࡾࡔࡍ, ࡘࡲࡾ, ෌⌧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺, ⌧ᅾࡢ⾲⌧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤศᯒⓗ࣭ゎᯒⓗ࡞᪉ἲࢆࠔ⾜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠗ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬࠘ࡢ඲ㇺࡔ, ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆ, ࡶࡗ࡜⡆᫂࡞ࡇ࡜ࡤ࡛, ୍ཱྀ࡟ゝ࠺࡞ࡽ,ࠓࠕᡭ⣬ࡢ┐㞴ࠖࢆᡂࡾ❧ࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࢆࡍ࡭࡚᦬ฟࡋ, ඖࡢࠕᡭ⣬ࡢ┐㞴ࠖࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠔ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᡭ⣬ࡢ┐㞴ࠖࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿせᅉࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜, ḟࡢ㸱ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸯)ணᮇࡋ࡞࠸ே≀ࡀ୙ព࡟⌧ሙࢆゼࢀࡿࠋ㸰)ࡑࡢ⌧ሙ࡟ධᡭࢆῬᮃࡍࡿရ≀ࡀே┠࡟ࡘࡃࡴࡁฟࡋ≧ែ࡛⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸱)ணᮇࡋ࡞࠸ゼၥ⪅ࡣධᡭࢆῬᮃࡍࡿရ≀࡜ࡍࡾ᭰࠼ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡼࡃఝࡓഇ≀ࢆᡤᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠗ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚, ᐑẊෆࡢ㛻ᡣ࡛ࠕᡭ⣬ࡢ┐㞴ࠖࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸯㸧ணᮇࡋ࡞࠸ゼၥ⪅[኱⮧]ࡀ୙ព࡟⌧ሙ[㛻ᡣࡢᮘࡢ࿘ࡾ]ࢆゼࢀ, 㸰㸧ࡑࡢ⌧ሙ࡟ධᡭࢆῬᮃࡍࡿရ≀[ᡭ⣬]ࡀே┠࡟ࡘࡃࡴࡁฟࡋ≧ែ࡛⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, 㸱㸧ணᮇࡋ࡞࠸ゼၥ⪅[኱⮧]ࡣධᡭࢆῬᮃࡍࡿရ≀[ᡭ⣬]࡜ࡍࡾ᭰࠼ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡼࡃఝࡓഇ≀[࡟ࡏࡢᡭ⣬]ࢆ᠜୰࡟ᡤᣢࡋ࡚࠸࡚, ࡑࢀࢆᮏ≀࡜ࡍࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢせᅉࢆศᯒࡋࡓࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣ, 㸯㸧࠶ࡿ᪥ࡢᮅ, ኱⮧ࡢணᮇࡋ࡞࠸ゼၥᐈ[ࢹࣗࣃࣥ]࡜࡞
ࡗ࡚୙ព࡟⌧ሙ[኱⮧ࡢᇳົᐊ]ࢆゼࢀ, 㸰㸧ࡑࡢ⌧ሙ࡟ධᡭࢆῬᮃࡍࡿရ≀[ᡭ⣬]ࡀ↓㐀స࡟ே┠࡟ࡘࡃ࠿ࡓࡕࡢࡴࡁฟࡋ≧ែ࡛⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆぢࡘࡅࡓࡀ, ࠶࠸࡟ࡃࡼࡃఝࡓഇ≀ࡢᣢࡕྜࢃࡏࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟, 㸱㸧෌᮶ࡀணᮇࡉࢀ࡞࠸ゼၥ⪅[ࢹࣗࣃࣥ]ࡣ, ࡑࡢ⩣᪥࡟ࢃࡊ࡜ᛀࢀ
ࡓႥࡂࢱࣂࢥධࢀࢆྲྀࡾ࡟, ഇ≀[⮬సࡢ࡟ࡏᡭ⣬]ࢆᡤᣢࡋ࡚⌧ሙ[኱⮧ࡢᇳົᐊ]ࢆゼࢀ, 㦁ࡂ࡟஌ࡌ࡚,ᮏ≀࡜ࡍࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟,ࠓࠕ⌧㇟ࠖࢆᡂࡾ❧ࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࢆࡍ࡭࡚᦬ฟࡋ, ඖࡢࠕ⌧㇟ࠖࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿࠔ࡜࠸࠺ᡭ㡰ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛ࢹࣗࣃࣥࡣᡭ⣬ࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍࠋࡇࡢ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࡢዣ㑏ࡣ㸪⛉Ꮫࡢศᯒⓗ࡞᪉ἲࢆ౑ࡗ࡚⾜࡞ࢃࢀࡓࢃࡅࡔࡀ, ࡑࢀࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓࡢࡣࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢศᯒⓗ▱ᛶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢศᯒⓗ▱ᛶࢆᨭ࠼ࡿᛮ⪃ᇶ┙ࡣ, ࣃࣜ♫఍࡟⏕ࡁࡿ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᇶ‽ࢆ┦ᡭ࡟↓ᛮ៖࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿ⊃ᑠ࡞ࠕᩥ᫂ேࡢᛮ⪃ࠖ࡜ࡣูࡢᛮ⪃㸦ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠕᮍ㛤ேࡢᛮ⪃ࠖ㸧ࡶࡇࡢୡ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᛮ⪃ࡢవ⿱࡟࠶ࡿࠋゝ࠺࡞ࢀࡤ, ࠕᮍ㛤ேࡢᛮ⪃ࠖ࡜ࠕᩥ᫂ேࡢᛮ⪃ࠖࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠕⓎᒎẁ㝵ࡢᕪ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ, ࡑࡶࡑࡶูࠗࡢᛮ⪃࠘࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ, ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌࡿࡇ࡜⮬య↓ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠖ(14)࡜࠸࠺▱ぢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ9ࠕ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࠖዣ㑏ࡢᛮ⪃ࣉࣟࢭࢫ ᡭ⣬ࢆ┐ࢇࡔ኱⮧ࡶ, ┐ࡲࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⥲┘ࡶ, ࡜ࡶ࡟ᩥ᫂ே࡟ࡣࡕࡀ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡀ, ୧⪅ࡣ, ࠕᮍ㛤ேࡢᛮ⪃ࠖ࡜ࠕᩥ᫂ேࡢᛮ⪃ࠖ࡯࡝࡟ᛮ⪃ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ஋㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᵓ㐀୺⩏ⓗほⅬ࠿ࡽぢᢤ࠸ࡓࢹࣗࣃࣥࡢ▱ᛶࡀ஦௳ࡢゎỴࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ, ࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋὀ1) Jacques Lacan, “Jacques Lacan, Seminar on ‘The Purloined Letter,’” trans. Jeffrey Mehlman
in The Purloined Poe: Lacan, Derrida, and Psychoanalytic Reading, ed. John P. Muller andWilliam J. Richardson (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins UP, 1988) 28-54. ௨ୗ, ࣛ࢝ࣥ࠿ࡽࡢཧ↷ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡇࡢⱥヂ∧࡟ᣐࡿࠋヂᩥࡣ➹⪅ࠋ2) See 㞴ἼỤ࿴ⱥ࣭ෆ⏣ᶞࠗ⌧௦ᛮ᝿ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࠘(2004; ᮾி: ගᩥ♫, 2010) 312-33.
3) Ibid., 309.
4) Edgar Allan Poe, “The Purloined Letter,” ed. Thomas Ollive Mabbott in J. P. Muller and W. J.
Richardson, ed., The Purloined Poe (Johns Hopkins UP, 1988) 9.

సရ࠿ࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡇࡢ∧࡟ᣐࡾ, ௨ᚋ, ᘬ⏝ࡣᮏᩥ୰࡟ (p. 9) ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲♧ࡍࡿࠋヂᩥࡣ➹⪅ࠋ5) Vincent Buranelli, Edgar Allan Poe (New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1961) 84.
6) Ibid.
7) ෆ⏣ᶞ࣭㔘ᚭ᐀ࠗ⌧௦㟋ᛶㄽ࠘(ᮾி: ㅮㄯ♫ᩥᗜ, 2013) 82-83.
8) ࠗ⌧௦ᛮ᝿ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࠘288.
9) ෆ⏣ᶞࠗᐷ࡞ࡀࡽᏛ࡭ࡿᵓ㐀୺⩏࠘(2002; ᮾி: ᩥ᫓᪂᭩, 2010) 25.
10) ࢡ࣮ࣟࢻ࣭ࣦࣞ࢕=ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢫⴭᐊ῟௓ヂࠗᝒࡋࡁ༡ᅇᖐ⥺ (ୗᕳ)࠘(1985; ᮾி: ㅮㄯ♫Ꮫ⾡ᩥᗜ, 2009) 172.
11) Ibid.
12) ࠗᝒࡋࡁ༡ᅇᖐ⥺ (ୗᕳ)࠘ 314.
13) ᱜ஭㑥᫂ࠗኳᩥᏛࢆࡘࡃࡗࡓᕧேࡓࡕ: Ᏹᐂീࡢ㠉᪂ྐ࠘(ᮾி: ୰බ᪂᭩, 2011) 31.
14) ࠗᐷ࡞ࡀࡽᏛ࡭ࡿᵓ㐀୺⩏࠘146.

                 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࣦࣞ࢕=ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢫ, ࢡ࣮ࣟࢻ. ࠗᝒࡋࡁ༡ᅇᖐ⥺ (ୖᕳ)࠘ 1955. Trans. ᐊ῟௓. 1985;
ᮾி: ㅮㄯ♫Ꮫ⾡ᩥᗜ, 2008.
ࣦࣞ࢕=ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢫ, ࢡ࣮ࣟࢻ. ࠗ㔝⏕ࡢᛮ⪃࠘ 1962. Trans. ኱ᶫಖኵ. 1976; ᮾி: ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ, 2009.

㔠   Ꮚ

10

Dupin’s Way of Thinking for the Purpose of Retrieving thePurloined Letter
KANEKO, Mitsushige

Abstract
This paper is to make it clear that Dupin finally solves the crime,
making the most of his own analytical way of thinking.
According to the findings of structuralism, there is nothing to choose
between two cultures.

More importantly, there is little to choose

between “pensee sauvage” and civilized people’s “pensee” or thinking.
Even so, a particular way of thinking is part of one group’s norm,
but not another group’s norm.

One group has an ethnocentric view

towards another group, and vice versa.

The same can be said of thedifference in the way of thinking between the Paris police, or the Prefect,
and the Minister, or the thief of the letter.
Analyzing those two different ways of thinking on the basis of thetheoretical framework of structuralism, Dupin manages to solve one of
the most difficult conundrums for the Prefect.

The success is due to

Dupin’s idiosyncrasies in that he is methodical, analytical andperfectionistic to the point of being very mathematically inclined.
䛆Key wordsࠚ E. A. Poe, The Purloined Letter, analytical thinking,structuralism