第８ 講座

仮定法■要点のまとめ■ ♳

If I had enough time, I would read more books. （もし私に十分な時間があれば，もっと本を読むのに。）▶仮定法：「もし～ならば， …するのに」と， 現在の事実と反対のことや， 実現しそうにない願望について述べで表す。
るときは，〈 If＋主語＋一般動詞の過去形〜, 主語＋助動詞の過去形＋動詞の原形 .... 〉
助動詞の過去形は，「…するのに」というときは would，「…できるのに」というときは could を使う。

2

If I were rich, I could travel around the world. （もし私がお金持ちなら，世界中を旅行できるのに。）▶仮定法の文で，〈 If＋主語 〉のあとに be 動詞がくるときは，主語が何であっても were を使う。
参考

口語では主語が I や３人称・単数の場合は be 動詞に was が使われることもある。

比較 〔 条件 〕を表す if と〔 仮定 〕を表す if

If it is sunny tomorrow, I can play outside. （もし明日晴れたら，私は外で遊ぶことができます。）〔 条件 〕起こる可能性がある

If it were sunny today, I could play outside. （もし今日晴れていたら，私は外で遊べるのに。）〔 仮定 〕現在の事実とは違う（実際は今日晴れていない）

3

I wish I were free.

（私が暇ならばよいのですが。）▶「～ならばよいのに，～できればよいのに」というときは，〈 I wish＋主語＋動詞の過去形 〜. 〉で表す。主語のあとには〈 助動詞の過去形＋動詞の原形 〉がくることもある。

I wish I could go with you. （あなたといっしょに行くことができればよいのですが。）

練習問題
1 〈 仮定法（一般動詞）〉 次の文の（）内から適するものを選び，記号で答えなさい。

⑴ （ ア When イ If ）I had more money, I could buy a new car.

〔〕⑵

If he（ ア lives イ lived ）near my house, I would go to school with him.

〔〕⑶

If I（ ア knew イ know ）her phone number, I could call her.

〔〕⑷

If someone（ ア gave イ give ）me a hint, I could solve the quiz.

〔〕⑸

If I had more time, I（ ア will イ would ）try some sports.

〔〕⑹

If my father were not busy, he（ ア could イ can ）come home early.

〔〕

2 〈 仮定法（be 動詞）〉 次の日本文に合う英文になるように，（⑴

もし私が暇なら，多くの映画を見るのに。

If I⑵free, I would see a lot of movies. （ be ）もし彼がここにいれば，私は彼とテニスができるのに。

If he⑶here, I could play tennis with him. （ be ）もし私がスポーツが得意だったら，あなたのチームに加わることができるのに。

join your team. （ can ）If I were good at sports, I⑷）内の語を適する形になおして書きなさい。

もし晴れていたら，公園へ行くのに。

If it were sunny, I

go to the park. （ will ）30

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3 〈 仮定法（I wish ～）〉 次の日本文に合う英文になるように，⑴に適する語を書きなさい。

彼が私の先生ならいいのに。

he were my teacher.
⑵

あなたを手伝う時間があればいいのに。

I⑶

Itime to help you.

私が車を運転できればいいのに。

I wish I⑷

drive a car.

彼女はもっと注意深ければいいのに。

I wish she

more careful.

    

4 〈 仮定法 〉 次の各組の文がほぼ同じ内容を表すように，
⑴
⑵

⑶
⑷

⑸

I don’t know her address, so I can’t send a letter to her.
If I

her address, Isend a letter to her.

He doesn’t live in Japan, so I will not see him.
If hein Japan, Isee him.

I will not go shopping because I’m not free.
If Ifree, Igo shopping.

It is rainy, so we can’t go to the mountain.
If it

not rainy, wego to the mountain.

I want to cook well, but I can’t.
I wish I

cook well.

5 〈 仮定法 〉 次の日本文に合う英文になるように，（⑴に適する語を書きなさい。

）内の語を並べかえなさい。

もし私があなたなら，もっと一生懸命にピアノを練習するのに。

, I would practice the piano harder.
（ were / if / you / I ）, I would practice the piano harder.
⑵

もし両親が動物が好きだったら，私はペットを飼うことができるのに。
（ animals / liked / if / parents / my ）, I could have a pet.

, I could have a pet.
⑶

もし私が歴史についてもっと知っていれば，それについて彼女と話すのに。

If I knew more about history,（ would / her / I / with / talk ）about it.
If I knew more about history,⑷

about it.

もし私に翼があったら，鳥のように飛ぶことができるのに。

If I had wings,（ bird / like / could / a / I / f ly ）.
If I had wings,⑸.

彼の名前がわかればいいのに。
（ knew / his / I / I / wish ）name.

name.
語句
□ address 住所□ wing 翼

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STEP 問 題   

1 次の各組の文がほぼ同じ内容を表すように，に適する語を書きなさい。

I don’t live in Kyoto, so I can’t visit old temples every day.

⑴

If Iin Kyoto, Ivisit old temples every day.

He will not come to the party because he is busy.

⑵

If henot busy, hecome to the party.

I don’t know what she wants. I want to know it.

⑶

IIwhat she wants.

There are not enough members, so we can’t play baseball.

⑷

If thereenough members, weplay baseball.

2 次の英文を日本文になおしなさい。
⑴ I wish I could play the guitar well.
（）⑵ If I had a camera, I could take pictures of these f lowers.
（）⑶ If he were interested in art, he would go to a museum.
（）

3 次の日本文に合う英文になるように，（⑴）内の語句を並べかえなさい。

もしそのチームにもっとお金があれば，よりよい選手を入れることができるのに。

, it could get better players.
（ the team / if / money / more / had ）, it could get better players.
⑵

もし晴れていたら，公園で犬を散歩させるのに。

If it were sunny,（ my dog / I / the park / walk / would / in ）.
If it were sunny,⑶.

過去に戻ることができればいいのに。
（ back / could / to / I / I / go / wish ）the past.

the past.

4（）
内の語を使って，次の日本文を英文にしなさい。

⑴

もし彼女がここにいたら，私は彼女といっしょに夕食を食べるのに。 （ dinner ）⑵

もし私に宿題がなければ，もっとテレビを見ることができるのに。 （ more ）⑶

もっと上手に歌えればいいのに。 （ better ）語句□ past 過去32

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STEP UP 問 題● 絵美（Emi）と姉の友子（Tomoko）についての次の英文を読んで，あとの各問いに答えなさい。

My name is Emi. I’m a third-year student in junior high school. My sister, Tomoko, is a highschool student. She is very smart, and she is also good at sports. She can do everything better
than I. She is perfect. So, I didn’t like her until my *last *marathon race.
I didn’t like the marathon race at my junior high school because I was always the last runner.
5One day, I said to my mother and Tomoko, “I won’t go to the marathon race this year.” My mothersaid, “Why? This is the last year. You should go.” I answered, “I think I will be last again. I wish I①（ can ）run faster.” Then Tomoko said, “Well..., I have

②an idea. I think we can run everymorning, Emi. You still have two weeks before the race.” I said, “Run every morning for two weeks
with you? I don’t want to do that.” “Do you want to be last again, Emi? I’ll run with you. You’ll be
10

all right.” “Are you sure? OK. I’ll try,” I answered.
From the next morning, we started to run. I couldn’t run so fast, but Tomoko always ran with meand talked about a lot of things: her school life, her friends and our *memories. I began to enjoy
running with Tomoko. One day, Tomoko said to me, “When we went to the zoo with our parents
about ten years ago, we *got lost. Do you remember that? I was so tired that I stopped walking,15

and then you looked at me and pulled my hand.” “Did I?” I asked. “Yes, you did. You walked withme and we could f ind our parents. I was so happy.”
Finally, the day of the race came. Before starting, I wanted to run away. Then I found Tomoko.
③

She said, “Emi, you have practiced every morning, sothe last runner. You can do it!”

“Ready, go!” I ran and ran..., but the other students were faster than I. I didn’t see any runners
20behind me. I was so tired and almost gave up. Suddenly, in front of me, a student fell on theground. I thought, “I won’t be the last runner!” Then I remembered the childhood memory. I
stopped and pulled the student’s hand. I ran with her and we f inished running together.
When I came home, I said to Tomoko, “I was the last runner again. I’m sorry.” “Oh, don’t say
that. I’m proud of you. Everyone was moved by your kind action. I think the true winner in life is25

the person who can care about others. For me, you are the winner.” “Am I? Then, you are also thewinner. You got up early and ran with me every morning. You always cared about me!”〔 注 〕 last 最後のmarathon race マラソン大会

⑴

①の（

⑵

下線部②が指す内容を日本語で書きなさい。

memory 思い出

get lost 迷子になる）内の語を適する形にかえて書きなさい。

（⑶）③⑷に適する英語を３語または４語で書きなさい。

本文の内容と合うものを２つ選び，記号で答えなさい。
ア〔〕〔〕Emi didn’t like Tomoko before the marathon race because Tomoko was perfect.

イ Tomoko gave up running with Emi because Emi couldn’t run fast.
ウEmi couldn’t f ind Tomoko before the marathon race started.

エEmi stopped running to help the student in the marathon race.
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