ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ⎇ⓥ♿ⷐ㧔Res. Bull. Fac. Educ.䋧Welf. Sci., Oita Univ.䋩

69ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩᜰዉലᨐ̆̆ᧁᎿᢎቶߦෳടߒߚఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ̆̆↰ਛㅢ⟵㧖࡮ ⮮Ꮉḩਭ㧖㧖࡮ ဈᧄඳਯ㧖㧖㧖࡮ 㜞ᩉ⾫ม㧖㧖㧖㧖‫ ⷐޣ‬ᣦ‫⎇ᧄ  ޤ‬ⓥߪᧁᎿᢎቶߦෳടߒߚዊቇᩞ╙㧟ቇᐕߩఽ┬ߚߜࠍኻ⽎ߦ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉࠍⴕ޿㧘ߘߩᜰዉലᨐߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸽ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫₵ޕ‬⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉലᨐࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߚ߼㧘₵⢻ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߩ೨
ᓟߦ߅޿ߡ㧘19 ฬߩఽ┬ߚߜߦ㊉ᛂߜߩታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߡ߽ࠄ޿㧘ఽ┬ߚߜ߇㊉ࠍᛂߜㄟ߻ߩߦᔅⷐߣߒߚᛂณ࿁ᢙ㧘₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߅ࠃ߮ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯
ࡓߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩఽ┬ߩ㊉ᛂߜታ㛎ߢߪ㧘ఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᛂณ࿁
ᢙߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 33 ᛂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩਛᄩ୯ߪ㧘99.9mm
ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ ޕ‬㧘ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢߪ㧘 2 ฬߩఽ┬ߦߒ߆“߻ߜേ૞”ࠍ઻߁ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ߇ߺࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩ㊉ᛂߜታ㛎ߢߪ㧘㊉ࠍᛂߟߎߣ߇
ߢ߈ߚఽ┬ߪ 2 ฬߢ޽ࠅ㧘17 ฬߩఽ┬ߪ₵⢻ࠍㆡಾߦ૶ߞߡ㊉ࠍᛂߟߎߣ߇
ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉᓟߩఽ┬ߩ㊉ᛂߜታ㛎ߢߪ㧘ఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩਛ
ᄩ୯ߪ 15 ᛂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 184.3mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢߪ㧘17 ฬߩఽ┬ߦ“߻ߜേ૞”ࠍ઻߁ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯
ࡓ߇ߺࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉᓟߩ㊉ᛂߜታ㛎ߢߪ㧘㊉ࠍᛂߟߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚఽ┬ߪ 17ฬߢ޽ࠅ㧘2 ฬߩఽ┬ߪ₵⢻ࠍㆡಾߦ૶ߞߡ㊉ࠍᛂߟߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߪലᨐ߇޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬‫  ޤ࠼࡯ࡢ࡯ࠠޣ‬ᢎ⑼ᢎ⢒㧘࿑↹Ꮏ૞㧘ᛛⴚᢎ⢒㧘㊉ᛂߜേ૞㧘₵⢻㧘ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬Σ ߪߓ߼ߦዊቇᩞߩ࿑↹Ꮏ૞ߢߪ⛗↹߿࠺ࠩࠗࡦߣߒߡឬߊᵴേ㧘Ꮏ૞߿┙૕࠺ࠩࠗࡦߣߒߡ૞ࠅߚ޿߽ߩࠍ૞ࠆᵴേ෸߮㐓⾨߇ቇ⠌ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩⴕ⃻ޕ‬ዊቇᩞቇ⠌ᜰዉⷐ㗔ߢߪᎿ૞ߪ㧘᧼᧚ߥߤߩᧁ᧚ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆㅧᒻᵴേ߇㧘╙ 3 ቇᐕ෸߮╙ 4 ቇᐕ߆ࠄᆎ߹ࠅ㧘ߘߎߢߪߩߎ߉ࠅ㧘ዊಷ㧘₵⢻㧘㊉ߥߤ߇૶ࠊࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⃻ߪߜߚ┬ఽޕ‬࿷ߩ߽ߩߩ⼾߆ߥⅣႺߩਛߢ㧘߽ߩࠍ૞ߞߡㆆ߱ߥߤߩ૕㛎߇߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿ߚ߼㧘߽ߩࠍ૞ࠆၮᧄ⊛ߥടᎿ߇߶ߣࠎߤߢ߈ߥ
ᐔᚑ 20 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 11 ᣣฃℂ㧖ߚߥ߆࡮ߺߜࠃߒ ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱᛛⴚ⑼ᢎቶ
㧖㧖߰ߓ߆ࠊ࡮ߺߟ߭ߐ ᄢಽᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᛛⴚᢎ⢒㧖㧖㧖ߐ߆߽ߣ࡮߭ࠈࠁ߈ ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ㒝ዻਛቇᩞ㧖㧖㧖㧖ߚ߆߿ߥ߉࡮ߌࠎߓ ᄢಽᏒ↰ዥዊቇᩞ↰ਛ࡮⮮Ꮉ࡮ဈᧄ࡮㜞ᩉ

70޿⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ࿑↹Ꮏ૞ߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ⧓ⴚ⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄߩ⎇ⓥ߇ਛᔃߦⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬Ꮏ૞㆏ౕߩ
ㆡಾߥᜰዉᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥ߿ఽ┬ߚߜ߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲ㧘Ꮏ૞㆏ౕ߇૶߃ࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩఽ┬ߚߜߩታᘒᛠីߩ⎇ⓥߪ㧘߶ߣࠎߤⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬╩⠪ࠄߪ 2006 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄఽ┬ߚߜߩᄐભߺߩᦼ㑆ߦ㧘ఽ┬ߚߜߩ߽ߩߠߊࠅߩ૕㛎ࠍ⼾߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼㧘ᄢಽᄢቇ౏㐿⻠ᐳߦ߅޿ߡ 5 ᣣ㑆ߩᣣ⒟ߢᧁᎿᢎቶࠍ㐿௅ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕ 8 ᦬ߦታᣉߒߚᄢಽᄢቇ౏㐿⻠ᐳߩᧁᎿᢎቶߢߪ㧘ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡᧁᎿᢎቶࠍ㐿௅ߒߚߣߎࠈᄢಽᏒౝߩ౏┙ዊቇᩞࠍਛᔃߦఽ┬ 19 ฬߩෳട߇޽ߞߚ‫ᧁޕ‬Ꮏᢎቶߢߪ〯ߺบߩ⵾૞ࠍਛᔃߦ⵾૞ᵴേࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߺ〯ޕ‬บߩ⵾૞ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦߪ㧘₵⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ఽ┬ 19 ฬࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘₵⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘〯ߺบߩ⵾૞ߩㆊ⒟ߢⴕߞߚ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߩലᨐࠍᬌ⸽ߒߚႎ๔ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Τ ᣇᴺ㧞㧚㧝 ㊉ᛂߜߩታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߒߚ₵⢻ߣ㊉ఽ┬ߚߜ߇૶↪ߒߚ₵⢻ߪ㧘࿑ 1 ߦ␜ߔᏒ⽼ߐࠇߡ
޿ࠆ 185g ₵⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦ⥸৻ޕ‬ዊቇᩞߢߪ 230g ₵⢻߇ᄙߊ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩታ㛎ߢ 185g ₵⢻ࠍ૶↪
ߒߚߩߪ㧘╩⠪ࠄߩ⎇ⓥ㧞㧕ߦ߅޿ߡዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ߦߪ㧘230g ₵⢻ࠃࠅ߽ 185g ₵⢻ߩ߶߁߇૶޿߿ߔ
޿ߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߒߚ㊉ߪ㧘㐳ߐ 32mm ߢ⋥ᓘ 2mm ߩ㋕㊉ࠍ↪ᗧߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑  ታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߒߚ I ₵⢻㧞㧚㧞 ㊉ᛂߜߩታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߒߚᧁ᧚ታ㛎ߢ૶↪ߒߚᧁ᧚ߪ㧘࿑ 2 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ᏷ 63mm×㐳ߐ 300mm×ෘߺ 63mm ߩ☨᧻ⷺ᧚ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫ⷺޕ‬᧚ߦߪఽ┬߇㊉ࠍᛂߞߚ㓙ߦᛂߜ៊ߓߡ㧘ᦛ߇ࠄߥ޿
ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߚ߼ 2.3mm ߩ࠼࡝࡞ࠠ࡝ࠍขࠅઃߌߚථ਄ࡏ࡯࡞⋚ߢਅⓣࠍ 26 ▎ᚲ޽ߌߡ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅⓣߩᷓߐߪ 12mm ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪߜߚ┬ఽ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㊉ࠍ 20mm ߶ߤ₵⢻ߢᛂߜㄟ߻ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑  ㊉ᛂߜታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߒߚᧁ᧚㧞㧚㧟 ㊉ᛂߜߩታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߒߚᎿ૞บ ታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߒߚᎿ૞บߪ࿑ 3 ߦ␜ߔ᏷ 500mm×㐳ߐ
800mm×㜞ߐ 750mm ߩᎿ૞บࠍ↪ᗧߒߚ‫┬ఽߚ߹ޕ‬߇㊉ࠍᛂߜ߿ߔ޿㜞ߐߦ⺞ᢛߔࠆߚ߼㧘᏷ 810mm×㐳ߐ 810mm×㜞ߐ 170mm ߩ〯ߺบࠍ↪ᗧߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑  ㊉ᛂߜታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߒߚᎿ૞บ

ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩᜰዉലᨐ71㧞㧚㧠 ⵍ㛎⠪ ⵍ㛎⠪ߪᄢಽᄢቇ౏㐿⻠ᐳߩᧁᎿᢎቶߦෳടߒߚᄢಽᏒౝߩ౏┙ዊቇᩞߣ㒝ዻዊቇᩞߩ╙ 3ቇᐕߩఽ┬ 19 ฬ㧔↵ሶ 15 ฬ ᅚሶ 4 ฬ㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߦⴕߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߩᐔဋり㐳ߪ 130.6
ছߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߪ㊉ᛂߜߩ⚻㛎߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚㧡 ㊉ᛂߜߩ⸘᷹ ఽ┬ߚߜ߇㊉ࠍᛂߞߡ޿ࠆേ૞ࠍ 2 ᰴర⸘᷹ߔࠆߚ߼࿑ 4ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘ఽ┬ߩฝ⢋ፄὐ㧘ฝ⢀㑐▵㧘ฝᚻ㚂㑐▵㧘ฝᚻਛᜰ╙ 3 㑐▵㧘₵⢻㗡ㇱ㧔㗡ㇱ 2/1㧕㧘₵⢻ߩᨩዥߦࡑ࡯ࠞ࡯ࠍߟߌߚ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜേ૞ਛߩ₵⢻߅ࠃ߮㑐▵ᐳᮡ૏⟎ߩ⸘᷹ߪ㧘Ფ⑽ 200 ࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࠍ᠟ᓇߢ߈ࠆ㜞ㅦᐲ CCD ࠞࡔ࡜㧔ࠪࡖ࠶࠲࡯ㅦᐲ 1/1000 ⑽㧕1 บࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ఽ┬ߩฝ஥㕙 5m ߩ૏⟎ࠃࠅ᠟ᓇߒߚ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩ⸃ᨆߦߪ DIPP-MotionXD
㧔DITECT ␠⵾㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑  ࡑ࡯ࠞ࡯ࠍ⾍ઃߒߚ૏⟎Υ ᜰዉᣇᴺ㧟㧚㧝 ᧁᎿᢎቶߩᜰዉౝኈ㧟㧚㧝㧚㧝 ᚻ⛯߈ᧁᎿᢎቶߪ㧘2007 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 20 ᣣ߆ࠄ 8 ᦬ 24 ᣣ߹ߢ 5 ᣣ㑆ߩᣣ⒟ߢ㐿௅ߒߚ‫ᧁޕ‬Ꮏᢎቶߩᜰዉߪ㧘ඦ೨ 9 ᤨ߆ࠄඦ೨ 11 ᤨ߹ߢߩ 2 ᤨ㑆ࠍ 4 ฬߩᜰዉ⠪㧔߁ߜ 2 ฬ⵬ഥ㧕ߢⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬႐ᚲߪᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ㒝ዻਛቇᩞߩᛛⴚ⑼ᢎቶ߅ࠃ߮⟤ⴚ⑼ᢎቶߢታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚㧝㧚㧞 ⵾૞㗴᧚ᧁᎿᢎቶߢߪ㧘࿑ 5㧘࿑ 6 ߦ␜ߔ⵾૞㗴᧚ࠍ⵾૞ߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 5 ߪ੍஻⵾૞ߣߒߡ⵾૞ߒߚ
౮⌀┙ߡߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬౮⌀┙ߡߪ㧘᧼᧚ߦߌ߇߈ࠍߒߡߩߎ߉ࠅߢಾᢿߒ㧘ធ⌕೷ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ⚵ߺ┙ߡࠆ㗴᧚ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 6 ߪᧄ⵾૞ߢ⵾૞ߒߚ〯ߺบߢ޽ࠆ‫ߺ〯ޕ‬บߪ㧘᧼᧚ࠍߌ߇߈ߒߡߩߎ߉ࠅߢಾᢿߔࠆ‫₵ߪߡ┙⚵ޕ‬⢻ߣ㊉ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ⚵┙ߡࠆ㗴᧚ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑㧡 ⵾૞ߒߚ౮⌀┙ߡ࿑㧢 ⵾૞ߒߚ〯ߺบ↰ਛ࡮⮮Ꮉ࡮ဈᧄ࡮㜞ᩉ72㧟㧚㧝㧚㧟 ᜰዉౝኈ ⴫ 1 ߪ㧘ᧁᎿᢎቶ߅޿ߡ 8 ᦬ 20 ᣣ߆ࠄ 8 ᦬ 24 ᣣ߹ߢߦᜰዉߒߚᜰዉౝኈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫  ᧁᎿᢎቶߩᜰዉౝኈ
ᣣ⒟

ᵴേౝኈ

ᜰዉᤨ㑆○౮⌀┙ߡߩ⵾૞8 ᦬ 20 ᣣ࡮᧼᧚ߦࠨࠪࠟࡀࠍ૶޿㧘ߌ߇߈ࠍߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ߌ߇߈ࠍߒߚ᧼᧚ࠍߩߎ߉ࠅߢಾᢿߒ㧘ᧁᎿ↪ࡏࡦ࠼ߢ⚵┙ߡࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬2 ᤨ㑆○ᜰዉ೨ߩ㊉ᛂߜߩታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬8 ᦬ 21 ᣣ
8 ᦬ 22 ᣣ○〯ߺบߩ⵾૞

2 ᤨ㑆࡮᧼᧚ߦߌ߇߈ࠍߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ߌ߇߈ߐࠇߚ᧼᧚ࠍߩߎ߉ࠅࠍ૶ߞߡಾᢿߔࠆ‫ޕ‬2 ᤨ㑆

○㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ߅ࠃ߮㊉ᛂߜߩ✵⠌8 ᦬ 23 ᣣ࡮〯ߺบߩ⚵┙ߡࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ఽ┬ߪ㊉ᛂߜߩ✵⠌ߢ⚂ 26 ᧄߩ㊉ࠍᛂߜߣ〯ߺบߩ⵾૞ߢ⚂ 16 ᧄߩ㊉ࠍᛂߟ‫┬ఽޕ‬2 ᤨ㑆ߪว⸘ߢ 42 ᧄߩ㊉ࠍᛂߞߚߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬8 ᦬ 24 ᣣ

࡮Ⴃⵝ

2 ᤨ㑆

○ᜰዉᓟߩ㊉ᛂߜߩታ㛎㧟㧚㧞 ₵⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᣇᴺ
㧟㧚㧞㧚㧝 ᜰዉᲑ㓏㧝 ₵⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߪ㧘〯ߺบߩ⚵┙ߡߩ⋥೨ߦ 3 Ბ㓏ߦಽߌߡ 15 ಽ㑆߶ߤᜰዉߒߚ‫ ╙ޕ‬1 Ბ㓏ߩᜰዉߪ㧘₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇࠍᜰዉߒߚ‫₵ޕ‬⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߪ㧘࿑ 7㧘࿑ 8ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦዊᜰߣ⮎ᜰ߅ࠃ߮ਛᜰߢ₵⢻ߩᨩዥߦㄭ޿ㇱಽࠍᒝߊីࠅ㧘ⷫᜰߪ₵⢻ߩᨩߩ਄ㇱߦᷝ߃ߡ㧘ੱᏅߒᜰߪ₵⢻ߩᨩࠍシߊីࠆࠃ߁ߦᜰዉߒߚ‫₵ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇࠍᜰዉߒߚߩߪ㧘㊉ࠍᛂߟߣ߈ߦᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォࠍ૶ߞߡᛂߜ߿ߔߊߔࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑  ᚻߩ↲஥߆ࠄ⷗ߚ₵⢻ߩីࠅᣇ࿑  ᚻߩᐔ஥߆ࠄ⷗ߚ₵⢻ߩីࠅᣇ

㧟㧚㧞㧚㧞 ᜰዉᲑ㓏㧞╙ 2 Ბ㓏ߩᜰዉߪ㧘࿑ 9 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦૐ޿૏⟎߆ࠄᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォߛߌࠍ૶ߞߡ㧘㊉ࠍᛂߟࠃ߁ߦᜰዉߒߚ‫ߪߜߚ┬ఽޕ‬㧘10 ᧄ߶ߤߩ㊉ࠍᛂߜߥ߇ࠄ✵⠌ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩ✵⠌ߢዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩᜰዉലᨐ73૶↪ߒߚᧁ᧚ߪ㧘࿑ 10 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ᏷ 80mm×㐳ߐ 300mm×ෘߺ 80mm ߩ᧖ⷺ᧚ࠍ↪ᗧߒߚ‫߇┬ఽߪߦ᧚ⷺޕ‬㊉ࠍᛂߞߚ㓙ߦ㧘ᦛ߇ࠄߥ޿ࠃ߁ᛂߜ߿ߔߊߔࠆߚ߼㧘2.3mm ߩ࠼࡝࡞ࠠ࡝ࠍขࠅઃߌߚථ਄ࡏ࡯࡞⋚ߢਅⓣࠍ 26 ▎ᚲ߶ߤ޽ߌߡ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅⓣߩᷓߐߪ 12mm
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߦ 1 ᧄߕߟ✵⠌↪ߩⷺ᧚ࠍ㈩Ꮣߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑  ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォߛߌࠍ૶ߞߚᛂߜᣇ࿑  ㊉ᛂߜߩ✵⠌↪ߩⷺ᧚㧟㧚㧞㧚㧟 ᜰዉᲑ㓏㧟 ╙ 3 Ბ㓏ߩᜰዉߪ㧘࿑ 11 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ₵⢻ߩ๮ਛ₸߇ᖡߊߥࠄߥ޿⒟ᐲ߹ߢ₵⢻ࠍᝄࠅ਄ߍ㧘⢀ࠍਛᔃߦᝄࠅਅࠈߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォࠍ૶ߞߡ㊉ࠍᛂߟࠃ߁ߦᜰዉߒߚ‫ఽޕ‬┬ߚߜߪ 16 ᧄ߶ߤߩ㊉ࠍᛂߜߥ߇ࠄ✵⠌ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬
࿑  ₵⢻ࠍᝄࠅ਄ߍߡᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォࠍ૶ߞߡᛂߟᛂߜᣇΦ ಽᨆ㧠㧚㧝 ಽᨆᣇᴺ ৻⥸ߦ㊉ᛂߜߢߪ₵⢻ߢ 1 ᧄߩ㊉ࠍᛂߜㄟ߻ᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇ዋߥ޿߶ߤ㧘1 ࿁ߩᛂณߢ㊉ߦᄢ߈ߥᛂ᠄ജࠍട߃ߡ߅ࠅ㧘㊉ᛂߜߩᾫ✵ᐲ߇㜞޿ߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߢߪ㧘㊉߳ߩ๮ਛ₸߇ᖡߊߥࠄߥ޿㜞ߐ߹ߢ㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌ₵⢻ࠍ㜞ߊᝄࠅ਄ߍߡ㧘⢀ࠍਛᔃߦ₵⢻ࠍᝄࠅਅࠈߒߥ߇ࠄᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォࠍ૶ߞߡ㧘㊉ࠍᛂߟߣ޿߁̌߻ߜേ૞̍ࠍ઻ߞߚᛂߜᣇ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ᛂߜᣇߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
੹࿁ߩ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩಽᨆߢߪ㧘ఽ┬ߩ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩ․ᓽࠍᛠីߔࠆߚ߼㧘ఽ┬߇₵⢻ߢ 1 ᧄ
ߩ㊉ࠍᛂߜㄟࠎߛᤨߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߣ₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߅ࠃ߮ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߥߤߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫₵ޕ‬⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪ㧘ఽ┬ߏߣߦోߡߩᛂณߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐࠍ᳞߼㧘ߘࠇࠄߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩᐔဋ୯㧔એᓟ㧘ᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߣߔࠆ㧕߇㧘ఽ┬ߚߜߩᛂณߩ․ᓽࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ
ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫₵߼ߚߩߘޕ‬⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪఽ┬ߚߜߩᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐࠍಽᨆߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢߪᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߦᦨ߽ㄭ޿ᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩᛂณࠍಽᨆኻ⽎ߣߒ㧘₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߣ₵⢻ߢ㊉ࠍᛂߟᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍಽᨆߒߚ‫ޕ‬↰ਛ࡮⮮Ꮉ࡮ဈᧄ࡮㜞ᩉ74Χ ⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ㧡㧚㧝 ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ߚߜߩ㊉ᛂߜߩታᘒ
㧡㧚㧝㧚㧝 ᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆ₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߣߘߩಽ㘃 ᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ 19 ฬߩ₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߪ࿑ 12㧘࿑ 13㧘࿑ 14 ߅ࠃ߮࿑ 15 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߥᨩߩីࠅᣇ߇ߺࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 12 ߦ␜ߔ₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߪ㧘ਛᜰ╙ 3 㑐▵ߩ૏⟎߇₵⢻ߩᨩࠃࠅ߽਄ߦ૏⟎ߒߡ޿ࠆីࠅᣇߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅីߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᣇࠍ೨ႎ㧝㧕ߢߪ‫ޟ‬A ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ޕߚߒߣޠ‬࿑ 13 ߦ␜ߔ₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߪ㧘ᨩߩ਄ㇱߦੱᏅߒᜰࠍᷝ
߃ߡ㧘ਛᜰ╙ 3 㑐▵ߩ૏⟎߇ᨩࠃࠅ߽਄ߦ૏⟎ߒߡ޿ࠆីࠅᣇߢ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥីࠅᣇࠍ೨ႎ㧝㧕ߢߪ‫ޟ‬B ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ޕߚߒߣޠ‬࿑ 14 ߦ␜ߔ₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߪ㧘ਛᜰ╙ 3 㑐▵ߩ૏⟎߇ᨩߩਛᔃߣ৻⥌ߔࠆីࠅᣇߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅីߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᣇࠍ೨ႎ㧝㧕ߢߪ‫ޟ‬C ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ޕߚߒߣޠ‬࿑ 15 ߦ␜ߔ₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߪ㧘ⷫᜰࠍᨩߩ਄ㇱߦᷝ߃ߡ㧘ਛᜰ╙ 3 㑐▵ߩ૏⟎߇₵⢻ߩᨩߩਛᔃߣ৻⥌ߔࠆីࠅᣇߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅីߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᣇࠍ೨ႎ㧝㧕ߢߪ‫ޟ‬D ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ޕߚߒߣޠ‬࿑  # ࠲ࠗࡊߩីࠅᣇ࿑  $ ࠲ࠗࡊߩីࠅᣇ࿑  % ࠲ࠗࡊߩីࠅᣇ࿑  & ࠲ࠗࡊߩីࠅᣇ

࿑ 16 ߪ㧘ఽ┬ 19 ฬߩ₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇࠍ࠲ࠗࡊ೎ߦಽ㘃ߒ㧘౞ࠣ࡜ࡈߢ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬A ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ߩޠ‬ᨩߩីࠅᣇࠍߒߡ޿ߚఽ┬ߪ 10 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ D㧘E㧘G㧘H㧘K㧘L㧘P㧘Q㧘R㧘S㧕ߢో૕ߩ 53㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬A ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ ┬ఽߩޠ‬10 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᐔဋ୯ߪ 50.5 ᛂߢ޽ࠅ㧘₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩᐔဋ୯ߪ 90.6mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬B ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ߩޠ‬ᨩߩីࠅᣇࠍߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 1 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ N㧕
ߢ޽ࠅ 5㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬B ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ ┬ఽߪޠ‬1 ฬߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘D㧦21㧑A㧦53㧑ᛂ ณ ࿁ ᢙ ߪ 42 ᛂ ߢ ޽ ࠅ 㧘 ₵ ⢻ ߩ ᝄ ࠅ ਄ ߍ 㜞 ߐ ߪ101.7mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬C ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ߩޠ‬ᨩߩីࠅᣇࠍߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 4 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ B㧘C㧘I㧘O㧕ߢ޽ࠅ 21㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬C ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ ┬ఽߩޠ‬4 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᐔဋ୯ߪC㧦21㧑

29.5 ᛂ ߢ ޽ ࠅ 㧘 ₵ ⢻ ߩ ᝄ ࠅ ਄ ߍ 㜞 ߐ ߩ ᐔ ဋ ୯ ߪ
126.5mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬D ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ߩޠ‬ᨩߩីࠅᣇࠍߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 4 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ A㧘F㧘J㧘M㧕ߢ޽ࠅ 21㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬D ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ ┬ఽߩޠ‬4 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᐔဋ୯

B㧦5㧑
࿑  ₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߩಽ㘃ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩᜰዉലᨐ75

ߪ 28 ᛂߢ޽ࠅ㧘₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩᐔဋ୯ߪ 127.8mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬C ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ޠ‬߅ࠃ߮‫ޟ‬D ࠲ࠗࡊ‫ߩޠ‬ᨩߩីࠅᣇ߇㧘ᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇ዋߥߊ㧘₵⢻ࠍ㜞ߊᝄࠅ਄ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ
ីࠅᣇߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫₵ߚ߹ޕ‬⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߣᛂณ࿁ᢙ߅ࠃ߮₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߦߟ޿ߡߪ㑐ㅪ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚㧝㧚㧞 ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ߚߜߩ₵⢻ߦࠃࠆᛂณ࿁ᢙ
 ࿑ 17 ߪ㧘ఽ┬ߚߜ߇ 1 ᧄߩ㊉ࠍᛂߜㄟ߻ߩߦᔅⷐߣߒߚᛂณ࿁ᢙࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᮮゲ਄ߦߪᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇ዋߥ޿ఽ┬߆ࠄᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᄙ޿ఽ┬߳ߣ㗅⇟ߦਗߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᦨዋᛂณ࿁ᢙߪ 14 ᛂߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᦨᄙᛂณ࿁ᢙߪ 98 ᛂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ਛᄩ୯ߩᛂณ࿁
ᢙߪ 33 ᛂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ዋᛂณ࿁ᢙߩ 14 ᛂߢᛂߜㄟࠎߢ޿ࠆఽ┬ A ߣఽ┬ B ߢߪ㧘1 ᛂߦ߅ߌࠆᐔဋᛂߜㄟߺ㊂߇ 1.4mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ᄙᛂณ࿁ᢙߩ 98 ᛂߢᛂߜㄟࠎߛఽ┬ S ߢߪ㧘1 ᛂߦ߅ߌࠆᐔဋᛂߜㄟߺ㊂߇㧘⚂ 0.2mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ਛᄩ୯ߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩ 33 ᛂߢᛂߜㄟࠎߢ޿ࠆఽ
┬ K ߢߪ㧘1 ᛂߦ߅ߌࠆᐔဋᛂߜㄟߺ㊂߇㧘⚂ 0.6mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬㊉ᛂߜ߇޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߢ߈ࠆఽ┬ߪఽ┬ A ߣఽ┬ B ߛߌߢ޽ࠅ㧘ઁߩఽ┬ߚߜߪ㊉ᛂߜ߇߶ߣࠎߤߢ߈ߥ޿⁁ᘒߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㪈㪇㪇ᛂณ࿁ᢙ䐳࿁䐴㪏㪇㪍㪇㪋㪇㪉㪇㪇㪘㪙㪚㪛㪜㪝㪞㪟㪠㪡㪢㪣㪤㪥

㪦

㪧㪨

㪩

㪪 ఽ┬

࿑  ᜰዉ೨ߩฦఽ┬ߩᛂณ࿁ᢙ

㧡㧚㧝㧚㧟 ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ߚߜߩ₵⢻ߩᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ৻⥸ߦ㊉ᛂߜߢߪ㧘㊉߳ߩ๮ਛ₸߇ਅ߇ࠄߥ޿㜞ߐ߹ߢ₵⢻ࠍᝄࠅ਄ߍ㧘₵⢻ߩᜬߟ૏⟎ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ᦭ലߦ೑↪ߒߡ㊉ࠍᛂߜㄟ߻ߩ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 18 ߦ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ㧘ఽ┬ߚߜ߇₵⢻ߢ㊉ࠍᛂߜㄟࠎߛߣ߈ߩ₵⢻ߩᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩᐔဋ୯ߪ 102.9mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ዋᛂณ࿁ᢙߩ 14 ᛂߢᛂߜㄟࠎߛఽ┬ A ߢߪ㧘₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪ 158.9 চߢ޽ߞߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ᄙᛂณ࿁ᢙߩ 98 ᛂߢᛂߜㄟࠎߛఽ┬ S ߢߪ㧘₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪ 72.2mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ਛᄩ୯ߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩ 33 ᛂߢᛂߜㄟࠎߛఽ┬ K ߢߪ㧘₵⢻ߩᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪ 111.7mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ߆ࠄᛂณ࿁ᢙߩዋߥ޿ఽ┬ߢߪ㧘₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߇㜞ߊߥࠅ㧘ᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇ᄙߊߥࠆఽ┬߶ߤ₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߇ૐߊߥࠆߣ
޿߁௑ะ߇޽ࠅ㧘ᛂณ࿁ᢙߣ₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߦߪ⽶ߩ⋧㑐㧔㨞㧩㧙.65㧕߇ߺࠄࠇߚ‫߆ߒޕ‬ߒ㧘ఽ┬ C ߪఽ┬ B ࠃࠅ߽ᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߇㜞ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߦ߽㑐ࠄߕᛂณ࿁ᢙߪఽ┬ B ࠃࠅ߽ᄙߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ේ࿃ߪ㧘₵⢻߇㊉ߦᒰߚࠆ⋥೨ߩ₵⢻ߩᝄࠅਅࠈߒߩㅦᐲ߇ᓇ㗀ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬B ߩ₵⢻ߩ⒖േㅦᐲߪ 465.7mm/sec ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ఽ┬ C ߩ₵⢻ߩ⒖േㅦ
ᐲߪ 321.2 চ/sec ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬↰ਛ࡮⮮Ꮉ࡮ဈᧄ࡮㜞ᩉ

76ᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ䐳চ䐴

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㪘

㪙㪚

㪛

㪜

㪝㪞

㪟

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㪡

㪢

㪣

㪤

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㪪 ఽ┬

࿑  ᜰዉ೨ߩฦఽ┬ߩᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ㧡㧚㧝㧚㧠 ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ߚߜߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ
 ࿑ 19㧘࿑ 20 ߅ࠃ߮࿑ 21 ߪఽ┬ߚߜߩ㊉ᛂߜࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍℂ⸃ߒ߿ߔߊߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ఽ┬ߩ⣨߅ࠃ߮₵⢻ߦขࠅઃߌߡ޽ࠆࡑ࡯ࠞ࡯ࠍ✢ߢ⚿߮ࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢࡇࠢ࠴ࡖ࡯ߢ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘3 ⒳㘃ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߦಽ㘃ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 19 ߦ␜ߔᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘⢀ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ₵⢻ࠍᝄࠅਅࠈߒߥ߇ࠄᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォࠍ૶ߞߡᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨ႎ㧝㧕ߢߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ޟޕߚߒߣޠ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߪޠ‬㧘₵⢻ࠍᝄࠅਅࠈߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォࠍ૶߆޿㧘₵⢻ߩㅦᐲࠍㅦߊߔࠆߣ޿߁“߻ߜേ૞”ߣ޿ࠊࠇࠆേ૞߇௖߆ߢߪ޽ࠆ߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 20 ߦ␜ߔᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォߩߺߢ₵⢻ࠍᝄࠅਅࠈߒߡᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨ႎ㧝㧕ߢߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ޕߚߒߣޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ߪߢޠ‬㧘ᚻ㚂ߣ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲߦᄢ߈ߥᏅ߇ߥ޿ߎߣ߅ࠃ߮⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ᚻ㚂߿₵⢻ߦᲧߴߡዊߐ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄᚻ㚂ߩߺߢᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ“߻ߜേ૞”ߣ޿ࠊࠇࠆേ૞߇ߺࠄࠇߥ޿ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 21 ߦ␜ߔᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘⢀ߩ࿁ォ߅ࠃ߮ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォࠍ૶ߞߡߥ޿⁁ᘒߢᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨ႎ㧝㧕ߢߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ޕߚߒߣޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߪߢޠ‬㧘⢀㧘ᚻ㚂߅ࠃ߮₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲߦᏅ߇ߺࠄࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘⢀㧘ᚻ㚂ࠍ࿕ቯߒߚ⁁ᘒߢ₵⢻ࠍᝄࠅ਄ߍ㧘₵⢻ࠍ㊉ߩ㗡ߦ᛼ߒઃߌߡᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ   ᐲ⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ   ᐲ⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ   ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ࿑ ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ࿑ ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ࿑ ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩᜰዉലᨐ77㧡㧚㧝㧚㧡 ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ߚߜߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߩಽ㘃࿑ 22 ߪ㧘㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ 19 ฬߩ₵⢻ߦࠃࠆᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ࠲ࠗࡊ೎ߦಽ㘃ߒ౞ࠣ࡜ࡈߢ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟޕ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 2 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ A㧘B㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘11㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬2 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᐔဋ୯ߪ 14 ᛂߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩᐔဋ୯
ߪ 145.2mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 8 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ D㧘G㧘I㧘J㧘
K㧘N㧘P㧘S㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘42㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬8 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙ ߩ ᐔ ဋ ୯ ߪ 42.8 ᛂ ޽ ࠅ 㧘 ᝄ ࠅ ਄ ߍ 㜞 ߐ ߩ ᐔ ဋ ୯ ߪΣဳ㧦㧑

95.3mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ
┬ߪ 9 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ C㧘E㧘F㧘H㧘L㧘M㧘O㧘Q㧘R㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘Υဳ㧦㧑

47㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬9 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᐔဋ୯ߪ 47.7 ᛂߢΤဳ㧦㧑޽ࠅ㧘ᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩᐔဋ୯ߪ 107.5mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ߜ߻ޟ‬േ૞‫߇ޠ‬௖߆ߦߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫߇ޠ‬㊉ᛂߜߢߪ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ޟ߮ࠃ߅ޠ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߦޠ‬Ყߴߡᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇ዋߥ޿ᛂߜᣇߢ޽ࠆߎߣ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߣᛂณ࿁ᢙ߅ࠃ߮₵⢻ߩᝄ࿑ ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߩಽ㘃ࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߦߟ޿ߡߪᒝ޿㑐ㅪ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚㧞 ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᓟߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ߚߜߩ㊉ᛂߜߩታᘒ
㧡㧚㧞㧚㧝 ఽ┬ߚߜߩ㊉ᛂߜߩᛂณ࿁ᢙ
 ࿑ 23 ߪ㧘㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ߚߜߩ₵⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩᛂณ࿁ᢙࠍᲧセߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦᲧߴߡ㧘ᜰዉᓟߢߪఽ┬ 19 ฬోຬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇ᷫዋߒߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߦߟ޿ߡ㧘᦭ᗧ᳓Ḱ 1㧑ߢࠨࠗࡦᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ㧘᦭ᗧᏅ߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦ߅ߌࠆఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 33 ᛂߛߞߚߩߦኻߒ㧘ᜰዉᓟߢߪఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 15 ᛂߢ޽ࠅ㧘18 ᛂ߽ᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇ᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦ߅޿ߡᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᄙ߆ߞߚఽ┬ S㧘R㧘Q㧘P㧘O ߢߪ㧘ᜰዉᓟߩᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇
⪺ߒߊᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߦ߅޿ߡᦨᄙᛂณ࿁ᢙ 98 ᛂߢ޽ߞߚఽ┬ S ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ᜰዉᓟߦ߅޿ߡ 15 ᛂߦᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧁࠄ߆ߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬Ꮏᢎቶߢⴕߞߚ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߪ᦭ല
ߢ޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘ᜰዉ೨ߦᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᄙ߆ߞߚఽ┬ߚߜߦኻߒߡߪ㕖Ᏹߦലᨐ߇޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᛂณ࿁ᢙ䐳࿁䐴㪈㪇㪇ᜰዉ೨䈱ᛂณ࿁ᢙᜰዉᓟ䈱ᛂณ࿁ᢙ㪏㪇㪍㪇㪋㪇㪉㪇㪇㪘㪙㪚㪛㪜㪝㪞㪟㪠㪡㪢㪣㪤㪥㪦㪧㪨㪩㪪ఽ┬࿑ ᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩᲧセ㧡㧚㧞㧚㧞 ఽ┬ߚߜߩ₵⢻ߩᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ
࿑ 24 ߪఽ┬ߚߜߩᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߩ₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐࠍᲧセߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߦᲧߴߡᜰዉᓟߢߪ㧘ఽ┬ 19 ฬోຬߩ₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߇㜞ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨↰ਛ࡮⮮Ꮉ࡮ဈᧄ࡮㜞ᩉ

78ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߣᜰዉᓟߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߦߟ޿ߡ᦭ᗧ᳓Ḱ 1㧑ߢࠨࠗࡦᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ㧘᦭ᗧᏅ߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 79.7mm ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘ᜰዉᓟߢߪఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 184.3mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߦ߅޿ߡᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩૐ߆ߞߚఽ┬ S㧘R㧘P㧘O ߢߪ㧘ᜰዉᓟߦ߅޿ߡߪᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߇ 2 ୚એ਄ߩ㜞ߐߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ ┬ఽߦ․ޕ‬O ߢߪ㧘ᜰዉ೨ߢߪᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߇ 82.9mm ߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ᜰዉᓟߢߪ 297.3mm
ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ఽ┬ 19 ฬߩਛߢ߽ᦨ߽㜞ߊᝄࠅ਄ߍߡ㊉ᛂߜࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎ ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߦ߅޿ߡ₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩૐ߆ߞߚఽ┬ߚߜߦኻߒߡߪ㧘ᧁᎿᢎቶߦ߅ߌࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߪലᨐ߇޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐᜰዉ೨䈱ᐔဋᝄ䉍਄䈕㜞䈘ᜰዉᓟ䈱ᐔဋᝄ䉍਄䈕㜞䈘

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㪙

㪚

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㪝

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㪡

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࿑ ᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩᲧセ㪧㪨㪩㪪ఽ┬

㧡㧚㧞㧚㧟 ᜰዉᓟߦ߅ߌࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߩಽᨆ㧡㧚㧞㧚㧟㧚㧝 ఽ┬ $ ߩ႐ว㊉ᛂߜߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߩಽᨆߪ㧘ఽ┬ߩᐔဋᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߦᦨ߽ㄭ޿㜞ߐ߹ߢ₵⢻ࠍᝄࠅ਄ߍߡ޿ࠆ㜞ߐࠍ᛽಴ߒ㧘ߘߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢࡇࠢ࠴ࡖ࡯ߢ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ޕ‬࿑ 25㧘࿑
26 ߪఽ┬ B ߩ㊉ᛂߜߦ߅ߌࠆᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍᲧセߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 25 ߪᜰዉ೨ߩఽ┬ B ߩ 8 ᛂ⋡ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 14 ᐲ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 20 ᐲ㧘₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 20 ᐲߢ޽ࠅ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢޠ‬࿑ 26 ߦ␜ߔᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘ఽ┬ B ߩ 6 ᛂ⋡ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 19 ᐲ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 39 ᐲ㧘₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 35 ᐲߢ޽ࠅౖဳ⊛ߥ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ ┬ఽࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬B ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘௖߆ߦ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ࠄ߆ޠ‬᣿⏕ߥ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ
ဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲ⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ࿑  ఽ┬ $ ߩᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ࿑  ఽ┬ $ ߩᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩᜰዉലᨐ79㧡㧚㧞㧚㧟㧚㧞 ఽ┬ , ߩ႐ว
࿑ 27㧘࿑ 28 ߪఽ┬ J ߩ㊉ᛂߜߦ߅ߌࠆᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍᲧセߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 27 ߪᜰዉ೨ߩఽ┬ J ߩ 12 ᛂ⋡ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇2 ᐲ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 10 ᐲ㧘₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 12 ᐲߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォߛߌࠍ೑↪ߒߡᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢޠ‬࿑ 28 ߪᜰዉᓟߩఽ┬ J ߩ 2 ᛂ⋡ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ
ࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 9 ᐲ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 18 ᐲ㧘₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 24ᐲߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᜰዉᓟߢߪ௖߆ߥ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫߆ߣߎߩߎޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ࠄఽ┬ J ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォߛߌࠍ૶ߞߡᛂณߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ࠄ߆ޠ‬௖߆
ߦ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲ⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ࿑  ఽ┬ , ߩᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ࿑  ఽ┬ , ߩᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ

㧡㧚㧞㧚㧟㧚㧟 ఽ┬ߩ 4 ႐ว࿑ 29㧘࿑ 30 ߪఽ┬ R ߩ㊉ᛂߜߦ߅ߌࠆᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍᲧセߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 29 ߪ㧘ᜰዉ೨ߩఽ┬ R ߩ 29 ᛂ⋡ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ
߇ 2 ᐲ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 4 ᐲ㧘₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 6 ᐲߢ޽ࠅ㧘₵⢻ࠍ᛼ߒઃߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢޠ‬࿑ 30 ߪᜰዉᓟߩఽ┬ R ߩ 6 ᛂ⋡ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯
ࡓࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 20 ᐲ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 30 ᐲ㧘₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇30 ᐲߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᜰዉᓟߢߪᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߽㜞ߊ㧘ฦ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘௖߆ߥ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ ┬ఽࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬R ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘₵⢻ࠍ᛼ߒઃߌߡᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ࠄ߆ޠ‬௖߆ߦ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲ⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ࿑  ఽ┬ 4 ߩᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ࿑  ఽ┬ 4 ߩᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ

↰ਛ࡮⮮Ꮉ࡮ဈᧄ࡮㜞ᩉ

80㧡㧚㧞㧚㧟㧚㧠 ఽ┬ߩ 1 ႐ว࿑ 31㧘࿑ 32 ߪఽ┬ O ߩ㊉ᛂߜߦ߅ߌࠆᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍᲧセߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ ޕ‬࿑ 31 ߪ㧘ᜰዉ೨ߩఽ┬ O ߩ 50 ᛂ⋡ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺ
ᐲ߇ 5 ᐲ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 7 ᐲ㧘₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 9 ᐲߢ޽ࠅ㧘₵⢻ࠍ᛼ߒઃߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢޠ‬࿑ 32 ߪᜰዉᓟߩఽ┬ O ߩ 2 ᛂ⋡ߩᛂณࡈࠜ
࡯ࡓࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 13 ᐲ㧘ᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ 53 ᐲ㧘₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ
߇ 69 ᐲߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᜰዉᓟߢߪᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߽㜞ߊ㧘ฦ࿁ォⷺᐲ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘᣿⏕ߥ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ ┬ఽࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬O ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘₵⢻ࠍ᛼ߒઃߌߡᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ࠄ߆ޠ‬㧘᣿⏕ߦ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬O ߪ㧘੹࿁ߩ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߢᦨ߽ᜰዉലᨐ߇ߺࠄࠇߚఽ┬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲ⢀ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ  ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲᚻ㚂ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ₵⢻ߩ࿁ォⷺᐲ ᐲ࿑  ఽ┬ 1 ߩᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ࿑  ఽ┬ 1 ߩᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ㧡㧚㧞㧚㧠 ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߣᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߩಽ㘃Ყセ࿑ 33㧘࿑ 34 ߪ㊉ᛂߜᜰዉ೨ߣᜰዉᓟߩఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍ࠲ࠗࡊ೎ߦಽ㘃ߒ㧘౞ࠣ࡜ࡈߢ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 33 ߪ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߩఽ┬ 19 ฬߩ㊉ᛂߜߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍಽ
㘃ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 34 ߪ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᓟߩఽ┬ 19 ฬߩ㊉ᛂߜߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍಽ㘃ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢߪ㧘 ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 2 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ A㧘B㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘11㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 8 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ D㧘G㧘I㧘J㧘K㧘N㧘P㧘S㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘42㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ
9 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ C㧘E㧘F㧘H㧘L㧘M㧘O㧘Q㧘R㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘47㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 34 ߢߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 10 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ A㧘B㧘C㧘D㧘E㧘F㧘G㧘K㧘O㧘S㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘
52㧑ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 7 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ H㧘J㧘L㧘M㧘N㧘
P㧘R㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘37㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 2 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ I㧘Q㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘11㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᓟߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߚఽ┬ߪ㧘ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬2 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ A㧘B㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬4 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ D㧘G㧘K㧘S㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬㧠ฬ㧔ఽ┬ C㧘E㧘F㧘O㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᓟߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߚఽ┬ߪ㧘ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬3 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ J㧘N㧘P㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬4 ฬ㧔ఽ┬ H㧘L㧘M㧘R㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߩ߁ߜ 17 ฬߩఽ┬ߪ“߻ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩᜰዉലᨐ81ߜേ૞”߇௖߆ߦߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ޠ‬㧘᣿⏕ߥ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧁࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎ ޕ‬Ꮏᢎቶߢⴕߞߚ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߪലᨐ߇޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᜰዉᓟߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ ߇┬ఽߩޠ‬2 ฬߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ ߩߘޕ‬2 ฬߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘 1 ฬߩఽ┬ߪ㧘ᜰዉ೨ߩ₵⢻ߩីࠅᣇߦ߅޿ߡ₵⢻ߩᨩߩីࠅᣇߩᜰዉߦߪᓥࠊߕ㧘⥄ಽᵹߩីࠅᣇࠍ᛼ߒㅢߒߚఽ┬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߁߽ߚ߹ޕ‬1 ฬߩఽ┬ߪ㧘⡬ⷡ㓚߇޿ߣࡄ࠾࠶ࠢ∝୥⟲ߩ㓚߇޿ࠍᜬߟఽ┬ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Υဳ㧦㧑

Σဳ㧦㧑
Υဳ㧦㧑ℂᗐဳ㧦㧑Σဳ㧦㧑Τဳ㧦㧑࿑  ᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߩಽ㘃࿑  ᜰዉᓟߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߩಽ㘃Ψ ߹ߣ߼ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ቇᩞᢎ⢒ߩਛߢᎿ૞㆏ౕࠍᦨೋߦቇ⠌ߔࠆዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕߩఽ┬ߚߜࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߡᎿ૞ߦ߅޿ߡᦨ߽ၮᧄ⊛ߥ㆏ౕߢ޽ࠆ₵⢻ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ㧘〯ߺบߩ⵾૞ࠍⴕ߁ㆊ⒟ߢ㊉ᛂߜࠍᜰዉߒߘߩᜰዉലᨐߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆߒߚ‫ޕ‬₵⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߢߪ㧘╩⠪ࠄߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ⚿ᨐߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡ㧘Ꮢ⽼ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ₵⢻ߩਛ߆ࠄ 185g ₵⢻ࠍㆬᛯߒߡ૶↪ߒߚ‫ᧁߡߒߘޕ‬ᎿᢎቶߦෳടߒߚᎿ૞ߦ⥝๧࡮㑐ᔃ߇㜞޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆఽ┬ 19 ฬࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߡ㧘㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉࠍⴕߞߚ‫₵ޕ‬⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲ㧘᦭ലߢ޽ߞߚ߆ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߚ߼㧘₵⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜࠍᜰዉߔࠆ೨ᓟߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ఽ┬ߚߜߦ₵⢻ߢ㊉ࠍᛂߞߡ߽ࠄ߁㊉ᛂߜߩታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߩ₵⢻ߦࠃࠆ㊉ᛂߜߩታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘₵⢻ߦࠃࠆᛂณ࿁ᢙߣ₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐ߅ࠃ߮㊉ᛂߜߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯
ࡓࠍಽᨆߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘એਅߩߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬₵⢻ߦࠃࠆᛂณ࿁ᢙߪ㧘㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߢߪఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 33 ᛂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᦨዊᛂณ࿁ᢙߪ 14 ᛂߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᦨᄙᛂณ࿁ᢙߪ 98 ᛂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᓟߢߪ㧘ఽ┬ 19ฬߩోຬߦ߅޿ߡᜰዉ೨ߦᲧߴߡᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇ᷫዋߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩਛᄩ୯ߣᜰዉ
ᓟߩᛂณ࿁ᢙߩਛᄩ୯ࠍᲧߴࠆߣ 18 ᛂ߽ᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ዋᛂณ࿁ᢙߪ 5 ᛂߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᦨᄙᛂณ࿁ᢙߪ 26 ᛂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߦ߅޿ߡᛂณ࿁ᢙ߇ 50 ᛂએ਄ࠍᔅⷐߣߒߚఽ┬ߚߜߦߪᜰዉലᨐ߇㗼⪺ߦ⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ₵⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪ㧘㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߢߪఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 99.9mm
ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ૐᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪ 72.2mm ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᦨ㜞ᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪ 173.6mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬19ฬߩఽ┬ߚߜߪ㧘₵⢻ࠍ㜞ߊᝄࠅ਄ߍߡ㊉ࠍᛂߜㄟ߻ߩߢߪߥߊߡ㧘₵⢻ࠍૐ޿૏⟎߆ࠄ㊉ߦ᛼ߒઃߌࠆࠃ߁ߥᛂߜᣇߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᓟߢߪ㧘ఽ┬ 19 ฬߩోຬߦ߅޿ߡᝄࠅ਄ߍ
㜞ߐ߇ᜰዉ೨ߦᲧߴߡ㜞ߊߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ఽ┬ 19 ฬߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 184.3mm ߢ޽ߞ82↰ਛ࡮⮮Ꮉ࡮ဈᧄ࡮㜞ᩉߚ‫₵ޕ‬⢻ߩᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߦߟ޿ߡᜰዉ೨ߩਛᄩ୯ߣᜰዉᓟߩਛᄩ୯ࠍᲧߴࠆߣ 84.4mm ߽㜞ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ૐᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪ 110.2mm ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᦨ㜞ᝄࠅ਄ߍ㜞ߐߪ 297.3mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ㊉ᛂߜߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ㧘㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉ೨ߢߪ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߩޠ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ߇ߺࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߢߪ㧘 ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 2 ฬߢ޽ࠅ㧘11㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟ ޕ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 8 ฬߢ޽ࠅ㧘42㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟ ޕ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 9 ฬߢ޽ࠅ㧘47㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᓟߢߪ‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߩޠ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ߇ߺࠄࠇߚ‫ޟޕ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 10ฬߢ޽ࠅ㧘52㧑ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟޕ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 7 ฬߢ޽ࠅ㧘37㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߢޠ‬ᛂณߒߡ޿ࠆఽ┬ߪ 2 ฬߢ޽ࠅ㧘11㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᓟߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߚఽ┬ߪ㧘ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬2 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬4 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬㧠ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉᓟߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߚఽ┬ߪ㧘ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΤဳ‫ ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬3 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ೨ߩ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΥဳ‫ ߪࠄ߆ޠ‬4 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ┬ఽޕ‬19 ฬߩ߁ߜ 17 ฬߩఽ┬ߪ“߻ߜേ૞”߇௖߆ߦߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓΣဳ‫ޠ‬㧘᣿⏕ߥ“߻ߜേ૞”߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ℂᗐᛂณࡈࠜ࡯ࡓဳ‫ߦޠ‬⒖ⴕߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩߎߣ߆ࠄᧁᎿᢎቶߢⴕߞߚ㊉ᛂߜߩᜰዉߪലᨐ߇޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⻢ㄉᧄ⎇ⓥߦߏදജ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ㒝ዻਛቇᩞߩవ↢ᣇ㧘߹ߚᧁᎿᢎቶߦෳട޿ߚߛ޿ߚఽ┬ߩ⊝᭽ߦߪᔃ߆ࠄ߅␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ᄢಽᄢቇ౏㐿⻠ᐳߩᧁᎿᢎቶࠍ㐿௅ߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ㐿௅႐ᚲࠍߏឭଏ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚᄢಽᄢ
ቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ㒝ዻਛቇᩞߩᩞ㐳వ↢߅ࠃ߮೽ᩞ㐳వ↢ߦᗵ⻢޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫⑼ⴚ⟤ߚ߹ޕ‬ᢎቶ
ࠍ㊉ᛂߜታ㛎ߩታ㛎႐ᚲߣߒߡߏឭଏ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᧁ᧛ౖਯవ↢ߦ߅␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㧝㧕↰ਛㅢ⟵ઁ 3 ฬ㧦ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ߩ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩ⎇ⓥ 㧙ᧁᎿᢎቶߦෳടߒߚఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ㧙 ᢎ⢒ታ〣✚ว࠮ࡦ࠲࡯♿ⷐ No.25㧘59㨪70㧘2007㧞㧕↰ਛㅢ⟵ઁ 3 ฬ㧦ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ߩ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩ⎇ⓥ 㧙ఽ┬ߦㆡߒߚ₵⢻ߩ㊀㊂ߦߟ޿ߡ㧙 ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ⎇ⓥ♿ⷐ ╙ 29 Ꮞ╙ 2 ภ㧘195㨪205㧘2007㧘10㧟㧕ᢥㇱ⋭㧦ዊቇᩞᜰዉᦠ ࿑↹Ꮏ૞✬㧦㐿㓉ၴ಴ ᩣᑼળ␠㧘140㨪141㧘1994ᧁ᧚ടᎿᢎ⢒⎇ⓥળ ጊ↰㓷ਃઁ 6 ฬ㧦ᛛⴚ࡮ኅᐸᢎ⢒⻠ᐳ ᧁ᧚ടᎿ㧘㐿㓉ၴ಴ ᩣᑼળ␠㧘109㨪111㧘1983
㧠㧕㊄ሶ౏ቷઁ 2 ฬ㧦᭶ᛩߍߦ߅ߌࠆ“㖊ലᨐ”㧘り૕ㆇേߩ⑼ቇΦ㧘᧙ᨋᦠ㒮㧘69㨪79㧘1983㧡㧕↰ਛㅢ⟵ઁ 3 ฬ㧦ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ߩ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩ⎇ⓥ ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ⎇ⓥ♿ⷐ╙ 29 Ꮞ╙ 1 ภ㧘89㨪96㧘2007㧘4ዊቇᩞ╙ 3 ቇᐕఽ┬ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㊉ᛂߜേ૞ߩᜰዉലᨐ

83

A Study of the Effectiveness of Instructions Given on NailHammering Movement to Third Grade Children in Primary
Schools̆ Study of Third Graders Participating in a Woodworking Workshop 㧙TANAKA, Michiyoshi. FUJIKAWA, Mitsuhisa.
SAKAMOTO, Hiroyuki. TAKAYANAGI, Kenji.

Abstract
In this study, instructions were provided on hammering movements
to 19 third grade students participating in a woodworking workshop, andthe effectiveness of these instructions were verified in experiments
conducted with the children before and after the instructions were given.
Included in our analyses were the number of hammering hits that wererequired to drive the nail, hammer upswing height, and the children’s
hammering movement form. Before instructions were provided, themedian number of hammer hits by the 19 children was 33 and the medianhammer upswing height was 99.9mm. As for form, only 2 children used aform that incorporated a whipping movement. Before instructions weregiven, 2 children were able to hammer the nail, while 17 were not able tomake proper use of the hammer to drive the nail. After instructions weregiven, the median number of hammer hits by the 19 children was 15 andthe median hammer upswing height of the 19 children was 184.3mm. As
for form, 17 children used a form that incorporated a whipping movement.
After instructions were given, 17 children were able to hammer the nail,while 2 were not able to make proper use of the hammer to drive the nail.
From these results, we conclude that instructions on hammering
movements were effective.
䇼Key words‫   ޤ‬Subject education 㧘 Arts and Crafts 㧘 Technologyeducation㧘 Nail hammering movement㧘 Hammer㧘 Third grade children
in Primary schools