2016 5th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics

Reference Books in Japanese Public Libraries that
Provide Good Reference Services
Nozomi Nomura
Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies
University of Tsukuba
1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki-ken 305-8550, JAPANnozomi@slis.tsukuba.ac.jp

Keita Tsuji
Faculty of Library, Information and Media Science
University of Tsukuba
1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki-ken 305-8550, JAPANkeita@slis.tsukuba.ac.jp

Abstract—This study investigates reference books held in(1) Japanese libraries with a high number of referencetransactions and (2) libraries that consider reference services
as important. The results show that the Encyclopedia ofModern Japanese Literature and the Encyclopedia of Japanese
People were held in these types of libraries or municipalities.
The Encyclopedia of News in the Meiji Era and the Techno Atlasof Japan were popular at relatively small municipality
libraries, such as those in cities, towns, and villages, whereas
the Series of Pandect of Modern Japanese Literary was popularin large municipality libraries, such as those in prefectures andspecial wards.

extracted from Statistics on Libraries in Japan, 2014, and the
population of the municipalities to which the libraries belong
was extracted from the Japanese National Census, 2010
[2][3]. The attitudes toward reference services were
determined based on the survey conducted by National Diet
Library (NDL) in 2012 [4].

II. RELATED STUDIES
Miura et al. (1983) [5] clarified which reference books
were held in three different Japanese university libraries.
Sugie (2007) [6] investigated five libraries in the Kanto area
to determine which health science reference books they
held. Her focus was limited to the field of health science.
Mabe (2011) [7] investigated which reference books thatappeared in the Collaborative Reference Databasemaintained by NDL were held in Japanese prefecturallibraries. As mentioned above, few studies have been
conducted on reference books held in Japanese public
libraries in general.

Keywords—reference books; Japanese public libraries;
reference transactions; National Diet Library

I. INTRODUCTION
Reference books are important for public libraries tomaintain reference services, but their importance varies
depending on the libraries' aims and sizes. For instance, thereference books that are important for prefectural libraries
may not be so for village libraries. While there are many
guidebooks on reference books, few indicate which books
are important for which libraries. The purpose of this paper is
to suggest some recommendation lists for reference books inaccordance with the above-mentioned library types. Suchlists will be useful for reference librarians who try to
improve their services. We assume the following two
criteria: (1) public libraries’ aims and sizes are mostly
determined by the types of municipalities that they belong to(i.e., prefecture, special ward, city, town, or village), and (2)lists of reference books being held in libraries that provide
good reference services are useful for other libraries.
Furthermore, regarding (2), we assume that libraries with ahigh number of reference transactions per service-targetedcustomers, such as residents from the library’s neighborhood(henceforth Type A libraries) and libraries that consider
reference services as important (henceforth Type B libraries)
provide good reference services. This paper presents lists of
the reference books held by Type A or B libraries in eachtype of municipality. Sample reference books were selectedfrom Japanese Reference Books: How to Select and Use [1].
The number of reference transactions per library was
978-1-4673-8985-3/16 $31.00 © 2016 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/IIAI-AAI.2016.245

III. SAMPLE BOOKS AND LIBRARIES
A. Sample reference books
We randomly selected sample reference books listed inJapanese Reference Books: How to Select and Use (seeFig.1). We chose this book as a source because Masao
Nagasawa, its first author, is a representative researcher ofreference services and the book is very popular among
Japanese librarians. The book consists of eight chapters; werandomly chose ten reference books from each chapter,
ranging from chapter 1 to 8. With ten reference books
chosen from eight chapters, the result was 77 sample
reference books as only seven reference books are shown in
Chapter 1.
B. Sample libraries and municipalities
We investigated Japanese prefectural libraries, special
ward libraries, city libraries, town libraries, and village
libraries. To judge whether these held specific reference
books, we used Calil API and OPAC for each library. Calil
49

API can perform cross-library searches among Japaneselibraries, which enabled us to identify libraries that
efficiently hold sample reference books (as of February 18,
2016, Calil API can search 6,719 libraries). It can retrieve
books from most, albeit not all, Japanese libraries. Therefore,
we chose sample libraries that Calil API can access (seeFig.1). Table I shows the numbers of our sample public
libraries and municipalities (such as prefectures, special
wards, cities, towns, or villages) to which they belong. Calilcan access all prefectural, special ward, and village libraries(i.e., complete enumeration). We randomly selected 206 and75 sample libraries from the city and town libraries that
Calil can access.
TABLE I.

ISBNs of the three latest volumes. We regarded thereference book as held in the library if one of the three
volumes was confirmed to be held. The reason why we did
not use the ISBNs of all volumes was simply to reduce ourinvestigation costs.
B. Retrieving books via OPAC by ISBN
Unfortunately, Calil API sometimes fails to find books.
Therefore, we used each library’s OPAC when Calil API
reported that the books were not held in the library (seeFig.1). We also retrieved the sample reference books via
OPAC by ISBN.
C. Retrieving books via OPAC by title
Some OPACs do not allow ISBN searches, while otherssometimes fail to find books through an ISBN search.
Therefore, we also searched for books by their titles (seeFig.1). Since a title search is more complicated than an
ISBN search, we will explain in detail below how thisprocess was conducted. First, we used MeCab, a Japanesemorphological analyzer, and decomposed the titles intowords and POS-tags. We then selected the following nine
combinations of nouns that appear in titles and used them assearch keywords: (1) the first four nouns; (2) the first three
nouns and the last noun; (3) the first two nouns and the last
two nouns; (4) the first noun and the last three nouns; (5) thelast four nouns; (6) the first three nouns; (7) the first two
nouns and the last noun; (8) the first noun and the last two
nouns; and (9) the last three nouns. If the title was too short
to extract four nouns, we tried out all noun combinations as
search keywords. In addition, we used the titles of thereference books directly as search keywords without using
MeCab.

NUMBERS OF OUR SAMPLE LIBRARIES

Types of Libraries
Prefectural libraries
Special ward libraries
City libraries
Town libraries
Village libraries
Total

Number of
Municipalities
47
23
50
50
41
211

Number of
Libraries
59
246
206
75
48
634

IV. CHECKING WHETHER OR NOT LIBRARIES HOLD BOOKSWe used the following three methods to examine whichreference books the selected Japanese public libraries held:(1) by ISBN via Calil API; (2) by ISBN via each library’s
OPAC; and (3) by book title via OPAC. With these threemethods, we expect to minimize the error regarding libraries
not holding certain books despite the fact that they do in fact
have them1. We conducted these retrievals from April 17,
2014, to November 27, 2014.

V. LIBRARIES WITH A HIGHT NUMBER OF REFERENCE
TRANSACTIONS

A. Retrieving books via Calil API by ISBN
Because Calil API only allows searching books by ISBN,
we first searched for the sample reference books according
to their ISBN (see Fig.1). Some reference book titles are
assigned multiple ISBNs. For instance, A New Version ofComprehensive National Poems (Shinpen Kokka Taikan)
consists of ten volumes and each volume has its own ISBN.
In such cases, we used three ISBNs as follows: First, we
defined n as the smallest integer that is larger than N/2,
where N is the total number of volumes of a reference book.
For instance, if a reference book consists of nine volumes, n
is defined as 5 (which is larger than 9/2 = 4.5). We used
three ISBNs of volume Nos. n-1, n, and n+1. As for annual
books that continue to be published, we used the three

We assume that libraries that receive many reference
questions (per library user or per resident from the library’s
neighborhood) are providing good reference services(because users would not ask questions to librarians if theyreceive poor service). The lists of reference books in suchlibraries would be beneficial for librarians who try to
improve reference services. From this viewpoint, we firstobtained each library's (a) number of reference transactionsand (b) number of people who have registered as libraryusers from the annual Statistics on Libraries in Japan 2014(see Fig.1). Subsequently, we obtained information on (c)the local population of each library’s location and (d) the
local population of each library’s location from the Japanese
National Census 2010. Next, we identified libraries withhigh (a) / (b), (a) / (c) and (a) / (d). More concretely, we
identified libraries with (a) / (b), (a) / (c) and (a) / (d) in the
top 20% of all sample libraries. These libraries are referred
to as Type A libraries, as mentioned in the Introduction
Section. Finally, we identified the reference books that were
held in all these three kinds of top-ranked libraries.

1 As previously mentioned, the number of sample reference books andpublic libraries was 77 and 634, respectively. We conducted 48,818(=77*634) searches by Calil and obtained 42,103 negative results (i.e.,
Calil reported that these book were not held in these libraries). We thenconducted 42,103 searches by each library's OPAC and obtained 4,463
positive results, i.e., 4,463 reference books were found to be held in 4,463
libraries (including duplicates), even though Calil reported that they were
not held in these libraries. The ratio is 10.6% (=4,463/42,103*100).

50

Fig.1. Methodology

coefficients between the number of holdings of reference
books (NRB) and the number of reference transactions(NRT) in the sample libraries. In TABLE I, NRB/P and
NRB/D represent NRB divided by population andpopulation density of the municipality that the librarybelongs to. NRT/P and NRT/D are defined as the same.
TABLE I shows that there is a certain correlation between
NRB and NRT. It is particularly worth noting that thecorrelation coefficient between NRB/D and NRT/D reaches
0.72 concerning prefectural libraries. Fig. 1 shows thescatter plot of these libraries. The results confirmed that themore reference books libraries hold, greater is the number ofreference transactions, and thus, in that sense, reference
books are important for reference services.

z Section III–A
The data was collected by hand.
z Section III– B
The data was automatically collected.
z Section IV-A
The retrieval was automatically conducted.
z Section IV-B
The retrieval was conducted by hand.
z Section IV-C
The retrieval was conducted by hand.
z Section V
The data was collected by hand.

TABLE II. CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS BETWEEN THE NUMBER OFHOLDINGS OF REFERENCE BOOKS AND THE NUMBER OF REFERENCE
TRANSACTIONS

VI. LIBRARIES THAT CONSIDER REFERENCE SERVICES AS

Types of Libraries

IMPORTANTThe National Diet Library in Japan conducted a survey
to clarify the current situation of Japanese reference services
in 2012. A questionnaire consisting of 63 questions was sent
to all 5,258 institutions that had ISILs (International
Standard Identifier for Libraries and related organizations)in Japan. The response rate was 74.4% and each library's
answer is downloadable from the NDL website.

Prefectural libraries
Special ward libraries
City libraries
Town libraries
Village libraries

NRB
NRB/P NRB/D
and
and
and
NRT
NRT/P NRT/D
0.25
0.64
0.72
0.36
0.72
0.46
0.51
0.43
0.47
0.30
0.09
0.32
0.45
0.29
0.05

Fig. 1. Plot of NRB/D and NRT/D concerning prefectural libraries

We assume that libraries that consider reference services
as important provide good reference services, and the lists of
their reference books would therefore be beneficial for otherlibraries. From this viewpoint, we focus on the abovementioned survey question No. 8 and assume that thelibraries that answered this question by stating “we actively
keep account of reference services” consider reference
services as important and actually provide good services.
Among the 2,462 public libraries that completed the NDL
survey, 36.3% answered in this way. Among our 634 sample
libraries, 430 libraries answered this question and 220 ofthem answered that they actively kept account of reference
services. Henceforth, these libraries are referred to as Type B
libraries, as mentioned in the Introduction Section. We
identified the reference books that were held in all theseType B libraries.
In fact, the number of reference transactions varies
depending on each library's definition of reference services
or reference transactions. Those that reported a large numberof transactions may actually provide poor reference services.
Moreover, there is no solid evidence that libraries thatshowed a positive attitude toward reference services in the
NDL survey actually provide good service. We leave
confirmation of these facts for future research.

A. Reference books held in libraries with a high number ofreference transactions
TABLEs III, IV, V, VI, and VII show reference bookswith a high ratio of holdings among prefectural, special
ward, cities, town, and village libraries of Type A,
respectively. For instance, TABLE III shows that theEncyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature is held in all
sample prefectures (i.e., the ratio of holdings of themunicipality is 100.0%) and in all sample prefecturallibraries. Furthermore, this book is held in all other Type A
libraries (as shown in TABLEs IV, V, VI, and VII).

VII. RESULTS
Before showing the lists of reference books held in TypeA and B libraries, TABLE I presents the correlation51

library and determining which reference books should beheld in which types (sizes) of libraries.

Libraries that do not own this book would be recommended
to purchase it.
These TABLEs have also shown the usage numbers
from the reference records of the Collaborative Reference
Database, which is maintained by NDL. TABLE III showsthat the Encyclopedia of Japanese People had the highest
usage number in the reference records (i.e., 63). Consideringthat (a) the Encyclopedia of Japanese People is held in TypeA prefectural libraries and (b) the usage number in thereference records is high, libraries or prefectures that do nothold this reference book would be recommended topurchase it. Likewise, city libraries or cities that do not holdthe Encyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature should
consider purchasing it. In general, the Encyclopedia of Newsin the Meiji Era and the Techno Atlas of Japan seem to be
popular among relatively small municipalities, such as cities,
towns, and villages, whereas the Series of Pandect ofModern Japanese Literary seems to be popular among large
municipalities, such as prefectures and special wards.

IX. CONCLUSIONS
We investigated reference books held in (1) Japaneselibraries with a high number of reference transactions and(2) libraries that consider reference services as important.
Consequently, this study provides recommendation lists forreference books in accordance with library types. We willsubsequently aim to incorporate information about eachreference book’s price and determine the most cost-effective
books for libraries.

REFERENCES
[1]

[2]

B. Reference books held in libraries that consider reference
services as important
TABLEs VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII show reference bookswith a high ratio of holdings among prefectural, special
ward, cities, town, and village libraries of Type B,
respectively. For instance, TABLE VIII shows that theEncyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature is again being
held in all sample prefectures (i.e., the ratio of holdings ofthe municipality is 100.0%) and in all sample prefecturallibraries. The results also present the usage number in thereference records in the Collaborative Reference Database.
TABLE VIII shows that the Encyclopedia of Japanese
People has the highest usage number in the reference
records (i.e., 63) and is held in most prefectures. In thatsense, we would recommend libraries or prefectures that do
not hold this reference book to purchase it. Similar to thecase of Type A libraries, the Encyclopedia of News in the
Meiji Era and the Techno Atlas of Japan seem to be popularamong relatively small municipalities, such as cities, towns,
and villages, whereas the Series of Pandect of Modern
Japanese Literary again seems to be popular among large
municipalities, such as prefectures and special wards.

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

M. Nagasawa and Y. Ishiguro, Japanese Reference Books: How to
Select and Use, Japan Library Association, 2013, 242p. (text inJapanese).
Japan Library Association, Statistics on Libraries in Japan 2014,
Japan Library Association. (text in Japanese).
Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications,
National Census 2010, Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications. (text in Japanese).
National Diet Library, Issues and Perspectives on Reference Services
in Libraries of Japan, NDL Research Report No.14, 2013. http://
current.ndl.go.jp/report/no14, (accessed 2016-03-01).
I. Miura, et al., “Comparative analysis of reference collections inuniversity libraries,” Library and information science, no. 21, 1983,
pp. 71-102. (text in Japanese).
N. Sugie, “Survey of holdings of reference books on health in public
libraries,” Libraries Today, vol. 45, no. 3, 2007, pp. 165-175. (text inJapanese).
Y. Mabe, “A study of the availability of reference books allowing
answers to reference questions,” Memoirs of Hokuriku Gakuin
University, Hokuriku Gakuin Junior College, vol. 4, 2011, pp. 271282. (text in Japanese).

TABLE III. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN PREFECTURAL LIBRARIES OF
TYPE A
TitlesEncyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature
Series of Pandect of Modern Japanese Literary
Series of Full Information
Encyclopedia for place names of Great Japan
Dictionary of Foreigner in the Modern Era
Catalog of Translation Book
Encyclopedia of Westerners
Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology
Chronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Union catalog of serials in Japanese language
Annual of China
Japanese Reference Book
Catalog of National Diet Library
Chronological Table of World History
Japanese Subject-title Catalog
Encyclopedia of Japanese People
Chijin Shokan Dictionary of Astronomy

VIII. DISCUSSION
Some reference books were found to be popular among
either smaller or larger libraries, which leads us to infer that
popular reference questions differ depending on library size.
For instance, the Series of Pandect of Modern Japanese
Literary is popular among larger libraries, because larger
libraries tend to receive more reference questions about
Japanese literature than smaller libraries. However, smaller
libraries may receive more reference questions about
geography than larger libraries and, therefore, the Techno
Atlas of Japan is popular among smaller libraries. Of course,
this is a chicken-and-egg situation, as the presence of certain
reference books might have brought about certain reference
questions. However, it is an interesting direction forinvestigating the contents of reference questions in each

Bibliography of Japanese People Who are Relevant to Politics in The M odern Period

52

Ratio of
Number of
Ratio of
Holdings of Being Used in
Holdings ofthethe Reference
the Library
M unicipality
Records

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.9
97.9
97.9

29
18
17
15
12
11
8
5
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
63
6
0

100.0
96.6
98.3
96.6
100.0
94.9
98.3
96.6
100.0
96.6
93.2
100.0
96.6
94.9
91.5
94.9
84.7
91.5

TABLE VII. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN VILLAGE LIBRARIES OF TYPE ATABLE IV. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN SPECIAL WARD LIBRARIES OF
TYPE A
TitlesEncyclopedia of Japanese People
Encyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature
Series of Pandect of Modern Japanese Literary
Series of Full Information
Encyclopedia of News in the Meiji Era
Yearbook of Literature
Dictionary of Foreigner in the Modern Era
Catalog of Translation Book
Encyclopedia of Westerners
Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology
Dictionary of Direct Words in Japan
Encyclopedia of The World's Masterpiece
Chronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Encyclopedia of Musician
Illustrated Fishes in Color Revised Edition
Japanese Reference Book
A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems
Techno Atlas of Japan

Number of
Ratio ofRatio of
Holdings of Being Used in
Holdings of
the Referencethethe Library
Records
M unicipality

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.7
95.7

63
29
18
17
17
13
12
11
8
5
4
4
2
1
1
0
28
3

Ratio of
Number of
Ratio of
Holdings of Being Used in
Holdings ofthethe Reference
the Library
M unicipality
Records

TitlesEncyclopedia of News in the Meiji Era
Techno Atlas of Japan
Times Wrold Map: Live Atlas
Chronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Illustrated Dictionary of Fossil
Encyclopedia of Current Law
Chronological Table of World History
Yearbook of Literature
Chronology of World History
Encyclopedia of Musician
Encyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature
Encyclopedia of Japanese People
World History Atlas
French-Japanese Dictionary
Dictionary of Foreigner in the Modern Era
Dictionary of Secret Language
Series of Full Information
Encyclopedia of Westerners
Japanese Subject-title Catalog
Dictionary of Japanese Synonyms
Series of Pandect of Modern Japanese Literary
Annual Catalog and Explanation of Reference Book
Annual of Bibliography

55.7
62.2
61.4
50.8
34.1
52.0
57.7
41.1
46.7
46.3
54.9
50.4
71.5
49.2
35.4
61.4
45.9
48.0

53.7
46.3
43.9
29.3
22.0
19.5
19.5
17.1
17.1
17.1
14.6
12.2
12.2
9.8
7.3
7.3
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
2.4
2.4
2.4

17
3
2
2
0
2
0
13
2
1
29
63
2
3
12
3
17
8
0
0
18
1
0

45.8
41.7
37.5
25.0
18.8
16.7
16.7
14.6
14.6
14.6
12.5
10.4
10.4
8.3
6.3
6.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
2.1
2.1
2.1

TABLE V. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN CITY LIBRARIES OF TYPE A
TitlesEncyclopedia of News in the Meiji Era
Encyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature
Chronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Techno Atlas of Japan
Dictionary of Synonym
Dictionary of Direct Words in Japan
Chronological Table of World History
A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems
Series of Full Information
Encyclopedia of Musician
Yearbook of Literature
Dictionary of Foreigner in the Modern Era
Illustrated Dictionary of Fossil
Dictionary of Difficult Reading of a Kanji
Illustrated Fishes in Color Revised Edition

Ratio of
Number of
Ratio of
Holdings of Being Used in
Holdings ofthethe Reference
the Library
M unicipality
Records

90.0
86.0
84.0
80.0
78.0
76.0
76.0
74.0
72.0
72.0
70.0
64.0
64.0
64.0
60.0

17
29
2
3
0
4
0
28
17
1
13
12
0
0
1

TABLE VIII. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN PREFECTURAL LIBRARIES OF
TYPE B

39.8
33.0
33.5
39.3
28.2
27.7
30.6
21.8
24.8
25.7
23.8
25.7
23.3
22.3
19.9

TitlesEncyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature
A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems
Series of Pandect of Modern Japanese Literary
Series of Full Information
Dictionary of Foreigner in the Modern Era
Encyclopedia of The World's Masterpiece
Dictionary of Direct Words in Japan
Chronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Annual Catalog and Explanation of Reference Book
Encyclopedia of Musician
Encyclopedia of History
Japanese Reference Book
Chronological Table of World History
Bibliography of Bibliographies in Japan
Reference Dictionary of Foreigner
Encyclopedia of News in the Meiji Era
Catalog of Oya Soichi Library
Catalog of Translation Book
Encyclopedia of Westerners
Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology
Union catalog of serials in Japanese language
Catalog of National Diet Library
Encyclopedia of Japanese People
Yearbook of Literature
Dictionary of Synonym
Annual of Bibliography
French-Japanese Dictionary
Handbook of History of Japan
Times Wrold Map: Live Atlas
Encyclopedia of Japanese Scientist in The Modern Period
Illustrated Fishes in Color Revised Edition

TABLE VI. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN TOWN LIBRARIES OF TYPE A
TitlesEncyclopedia of News in the Meiji Era
Chronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Techno Atlas of Japan
Encyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature
Dictionary of Direct Words in Japan
Series of Full Information
Dictionary of Foreigner in the Modern Era
Yearbook of Literature
Illustrated Dictionary of Fossil
Encyclopedia of Japanese People
World History Atlas
Encyclopedia of Musician
Chronological Table of World History
The Genealogies of the Houses of biographical dictionary in History of Japan

Series of Pandect of Modern Japanese Literary
Japanese Subject-title Catalog
Encyclopedia of Southeast Asia
Chronology of World History
Handbook of Government and Municipal Offices
Dictionary of Buddhist Japanese People

Ratio of
Number of
Ratio of
Holdings of Being Used in
Holdings ofthethe Reference
the Library
M unicipality
Records

74.0
70.0
64.0
54.0
52.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
44.0
42.0
42.0
42.0
42.0
38.0
26.0
26.0
22.0
20.0
20.0
16.0

17
2
3
29
4
17
12
13
0
63
2
1
0
10
18
0
1
2
0
14

54.7
49.3
48.0
37.3
36.0
32.0
33.3
29.3
33.3
28.0
30.7
33.3
30.7
26.7
18.7
17.3
14.7
13.3
13.3
10.7

53

Ratio of Holdingsof the Library
Number of Being
Ratio of Holdings
which Responds
Used in the
Ratio of Holdingsof theReferenceof the Library‫ ۔‬to Question
M unicipality
8(3) in NDL
Records
Survey

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7
91.7

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.9
97.9
97.9
97.9
95.7
95.7
93.6
93.6
91.5

29
28
18
17
12
4
4
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
20
17
13
11
8
5
2
0
63
13
0
0
3
3
2
1
1

100.0
96.6
96.6
98.3
100.0
98.3
94.9
100.0
96.6
94.9
94.9
100.0
94.9
94.9
93.2
94.9
94.9
94.9
98.3
96.6
96.6
96.6
94.9
93.2
94.9
93.2
93.2
88.1
89.8
89.8
79.7

TABLE XII. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN VILLAGE LIBRARIES OF TYPE BTABLE IX. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN SPECIAL WARD LIBRARIES OF
TYPE B

TitlesChronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Encyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature
Dictionary of Foreigner in the Modern Era
Series of Pandect of Modern Japanese Literary
Encyclopedia of Japanese People
Japanese Reference Book
Series of Full Information
Yearbook of Literature
Dictionary of Direct Words in Japan
Encyclopedia of The World's Masterpiece
Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology
Encyclopedia of Westerners
Encyclopedia of Musician
A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems
Techno Atlas of Japan
Catalog of Translation Book
French-Japanese Dictionary
Dictionary of Difficult Reading of a Kanji
Rovere French̺Japanese Dictionary Published by Shogakkan
Chronological Table of World History
Chronology of World History

Ratio of Holdingsof the Library
Number of Being
Ratio of Holdings
which Responds
Used in the
Ratio of Holdingsof theReferenceof the Library‫ ۔‬to Question
M unicipality
8(3) in NDL
Records
Survey

76.5
73.0
66.1
63.5
62.6
62.6
57.4
57.4
57.4
54.8
52.2
51.3
50.4
47.8
47.8
45.2
45.2
40.0
38.3
37.4
37.4

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.7
95.7
100.0
95.7
100.0
100.0
91.3
87.0

2
29
12
18
63
0
17
13
4
4
5
8
1
28
3
11
3
0
3
0
2

TitlesEncyclopedia of News in the Meiji Era
Techno Atlas of Japan
Illustrated Dictionary of Fossil
Times Wrold Map: Live Atlas
Chronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Chronological Table of World History
Illustrated Fishes in Color Revised Edition
Dictionary of Direct Words in Japan
Encyclopedia of Current Law
Yearbook of Literature
Dictionary of Synonym
Encyclopedia of Japanese People
World History Atlas
Handbook of History of Japan
Encyclopedia of Southeast Asia
Chronology of World History
Encyclopedia of Musician
A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems
French-Japanese Dictionary
Chijin Shokan Dictionary of Astronomy
Rovere French̺Japanese Dictionary Published by Shogakkan
Handbook of Government and Municipal Offices
Japanese Reference Book
Encyclopedia of Westerners
Encyclopedia of Nigata
Handbook of Japanese Newspaper and Journal
Japanese Subject-title Catalog
The Complication Pandect of The State of a Country in Showa Era
Japan Newspaper Annual
Annual of China
Encyclopedia of History

71.5
62.2
57.7
61.4
55.7
61.4
50.8
52.0
54.9
50.4
46.3
46.7
49.2
45.9
48.0
41.1
40.2
37.0
35.0
35.0
32.1

TABLE X. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN CITY LIBRARIES OF TYPE B

TitlesEncyclopedia of News in the Meiji Era
Techno Atlas of Japan
Chronological Table of World History
Encyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature
Dictionary of Direct Words in Japan
Dictionary of Foreigner in the Modern Era
Chronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Series of Full Information
Dictionary of Synonym
Japanese Reference Book
Illustrated Dictionary of Fossil
Encyclopedia of Musician
Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology
Encyclopedia of Japanese People
Yearbook of Literature
A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems
Times World Map: Live Atlas
Dictionary of Difficult Reading of a Kanji
World History Atlas
Encyclopedia for place names of Great Japan
Encyclopedia of Current Law

Ratio of Holdingsof the Library
Number of Being
Ratio of Holdings
which Responds
Used in the
Ratio of Holdingsof theReferenceof the Library‫ ۔‬to Question
M unicipality
8(3) in NDL
Records
Survey

64.9
50.9
49.1
47.4
45.6
45.6
43.9
43.9
42.1
42.1
42.1
40.4
40.4
36.8
36.8
35.1
33.3
33.3
33.3
31.6
31.6

90.0
80.0
76.0
86.0
76.0
64.0
84.0
72.0
78.0
72.0
64.0
72.0
70.0
78.0
70.0
74.0
66.0
64.0
60.0
58.0
58.0

17
3
0
29
4
12
2
17
0
0
0
1
5
63
13
28
2
0
2
15
2

39.8
39.3
30.6
33.0
27.7
25.7
33.5
24.8
28.2
22.3
23.3
25.7
24.3
28.6
23.8
21.8
24.8
22.3
21.4
16.5
20.4

TABLE XI. REFERENCE BOOKS HELD IN TOWN LIBRARIES OF TYPE B

TitlesEncyclopedia of News in the Meiji Era
Chronological Table of Japan in the Modern Period
Techno Atlas of Japan
Dictionary of Foreigner in the Modern Era
Encyclopedia of Modern Japanese Literature
Dictionary of Direct Words in Japan
Series of Full Information
Encyclopedia of Musician
Chronological Table of World History
Yearbook of Literature
Illustrated Dictionary of Fossil
Encyclopedia of Current Law
World History Atlas
Series of Pandect of Modern Japanese Literary
Encyclopedia of Japanese People
Times World Map: Live Atlas
Illustrated Fishes in Color Revised Edition
A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems
The Genealogies of the Houses of biographical dictionary in History of Japan

Handbook of History of Japan
Dictionary of Difficult Reading of a Kanji
Catalog of Translation Book

Ratio of Holdings
Number of Beingof the Library
Ratio of Holdings
Ratio of Holdings
Used in thewhich Respondsof theof the Library
Reference‫ ۔‬to Question
M unicipality
Records
8(3) in NDLSurvey

75.0
71.4
64.3
53.6
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
46.4
42.9
42.9
42.9
39.3
39.3
32.1
32.1
32.1
32.1
28.6
28.6
28.6
28.6

74.0
70.0
64.0
46.0
54.0
52.0
48.0
42.0
42.0
44.0
44.0
40.0
42.0
26.0
42.0
38.0
30.0
28.0
38.0
32.0
30.0
22.0

17
2
3
12
29
4
17
1
0
13
0
2
2
18
63
2
1
28
10
3
0
11

54.7
49.3
48.0
33.3
37.3
36.0
32.0
33.3
30.7
29.3
33.3
26.7
30.7
18.7
28.0
25.3
20.0
18.7
26.7
21.3
20.0
14.7

54

Ratio of Holdings
Number of Beingof the Library
Ratio of Holdings
Ratio of Holdings
Used in thewhich Respondsof theof the Library
Reference‫ ۔‬to Question
M unicipality
Records
8(3) in NDLSurvey

62.5
62.5
50.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5

53.7
46.3
22.0
43.9
29.3
19.5
14.6
24.4
19.5
17.1
17.1
12.2
12.2
7.3
4.9
17.1
17.1
9.8
9.8
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4

17
3
0
2
2
0
1
4
2
13
0
63
2
3
1
2
1
28
3
6
3
0
0
8
5
1
0
17
7
2
1

45.8
41.7
18.8
37.5
25.0
16.7
12.5
20.8
16.7
14.6
14.6
10.4
10.4
6.3
4.2
14.6
14.6
8.3
8.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1