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132-133.
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Edwin E.Witte,Social Security: A Wild Dreamor a Practical Plan?” in Robert J. Lampman, ed.,Social Security Perspectives: Essays by Edwin E.
Witte, Madison, 1962, p. 11; [B`YO^ĵ§
Įď @UXCíntĪ §¦Ì¬ĵ1982, 259
ĭ; ,k+4ĵÖ=â Walter I. Trattner,
From Poor Law to Welfare State, New York, 1974;
James Leiby, A History of Social Welfare andSocial Work in the United States, New York,
1978; bç_à® @UXCínïîèĞ v
åıĵ1963ķíntĪìò·ý @UXC,íntĪ Ïi|ãnĵ1989

-22


¨ZQY',ĵíntĪÚ,¢x+$ &-ĵÖ=â,(John Braeman, Robert H. Bremnerand David Brody, eds., The New Deal, Vol.2, The
State and Local Levels, Columbus, 1975.
^?aGN@¨(íntĪÚ+$ &-ĵÖ÷+  8 c  & 9  Ronald L. Heinemann,
Depression and New Deal in Virginia: The
Enduring Dominion, Charlottesville, 1983, pp.
155-163. 1 OaMRFa](^?aGN@¨ÅÙ+$ &-ĵÖ4â Cash A. Koeniger,“The New Deal and the States: Roosevelt versus
the Byrd Organization in Virginia,” Journal of
American History, No.68, March 1982, pp.
876-896; J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, Harry Byrd
and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics,
1945-1966, Charlottesville, 1968.

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Q>_\2ÙÔ.+Å,/.·q!ŕléæďvĠß·āÛV. O. Key, Jr., Southern Politics in State andNation, Knoxville, 1984, p. 19.

Key, Southern Politics, p.27Ŗ
James T. Patterson, Congressional Conservatism and the New Deal, Lexington, 1967, p. 30.
Alden Hatch, The Byrds of Virginia, New York,
1969, p. 449.

Hatch, The Byrds of Virginia, p.448Ŗ
Charles Michelson, The Ghost Talks, New
York, 1941, p. 140.




-23-

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º$03ĺò%ïģ­ î$¬ķĠ4Harry F. Byrd, “The Threat to the American
System,” in Sheldon Glueck, ed., The WelfareState and Our National Welfare, Cambridge,
1952, p. 76.

-24

New York Bureau of Municipal Research,
Organization and Management of the State
Government of Virginia, Richmond, 1927, p. 131.

Joseph Cepuran, Public Assistance and Child
Welfare: The Virginia Pattern, 1646-1964, Charlottesville, 1968, p. 18.
Arthur James, The State Becomes a Social
Workers, Richmond, 1942, pp. 252-259.
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£"S?^[ÄÙ"É"ġ±h |çðí©#ıĩ¥!®ęç *"
 Heinemann, Depression and New Deal in
Virginia, p. 156.

James, The States, pp. 26-27
Arthur James, “Local Welfare Development,”
The Commonwealth, Vol.III, No.12, December
1936, pp. 16-17; W.M. Stauffer, “Public Welfare
in Virginia,” The Commonwealth, Vol.VI, No.1,
January 1939, pp. 15-18.
 James, “Local Welfare Development,” pp. 2526.
    


Edwin E. Witte, The Development of the Social
Security Act, Madison, 1963, pp. 100, 153-154.
Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the First Session of the Seventy-Fourth
Congress, Vol.79, Part 12, Washington, D.C.,
1935, pp. 12759-12760, 12793-12794.

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The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Vol. 2, 1933, New York, 1938, pp.
183-185; Harvard Sitkoff, ed., Fifty Years Later:
The New Deal Evaluated, New York, 1985, pp.
71-76. 1933 ° 5 Þ 12 Ú#ŀA_[Lŀ:\N:ŀ
8:=`ŀWC>aŀWCCHRŀ=O:=ŀI?BE$®(ĬįĖĳ no3Mary Coleman Hankins, “The Growth of
Public Outdoor Relief in Richmond, Virginia,”
M.A. thesis, College of William and Mary, 1935,
p. 68.

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¬#êĳ6#ÂÅ'¸Ō(7,$ò"6#&(ő,#;$ń¼:ĉőÙÝ&(% -¬ĕô(ő1932 °&²:

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“Inaugural Address of George Campell Peery,”January 17, 1934, House Document, No.6,
Richmond, 1934, p. 4.
Joseph A. Fry, “George C. Peery: Byrd Regularand Depression Governor,” in Edward Young-er,
et.al., The Governors of Virginia, 1860- 1978,
Charlottesvilles, 1982, pp. 261-275.

Peery to Laura C. Bones, January 31, 1935,
George C. Peery Executive Papers, Virginia State
Library, Richmond, Virginia.

 29)

Heinemann, Depression and New Deal in
Virginia, pp. 195, 197.

 Richmond Times-Dispatch, December 16,
1934.
 
William R. Brock, Welfare, Democracy, and the
New Deal, Cambridge, 1988, pp.151-152, 225;
James, The State, pp.273-275; Harry Hopkins,
Spending to Save: The Complete History of Relief,-27-Ø±·ËUÜekēUqÖªw4,1ÙoęgñĚ

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New York, 1936, pp. 97-98.

Brock, Welfare, Democracy, and the New Deal,p. 227.

Brock, Welfare, Democracy, and the New Deal,-28

p. 228.
Robert F. Hunter, “Virginia and the New
Deal,” in John Braemen, Robert H. Bremner,and David Brody, eds., The New Deal, Vol.2, The
State and Local Levels, Colombus, 1975, p. 107.

Hunter, “Virginia and the New Deal,” pp. 108109.
Peery to Hopkins, April 17, 1934, George C.
Peery Executive Papers, Archives Section, Vir-

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ginia State Library, Richmond, Virginia.
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Peery to Hopkins, October 17, 25, 1934,
George C. Peery Executive Papers; James, The
States, pp. 259-260; Final Statistical Report of
the FERA, Washington D.C., 1942, pp. 103-104.
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ôë"5ĖFERA $öã½#ĖĆĉ·¥ ¡·¥#Ê,{ Ė`8bFO9Fry, “George C. Peery,” p. 321.
Heinemann, Depression and New Deal in
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pp. 5-6.
Address of George C. Peery, January 8, 1936,
pp. 18-22.
Address of George C. Peery, January 8, 1936,
Senate Document, No.1, Richmond, 1936, pp.
1-2.


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1936  12 ¨ 31 £$Ă·}®^`±­ f+Ăè+ Ăą¨g%ĂPø48  40 J/L8=0}®Úb·­-v´$§Ð²ú

Address of George C. Peery, January 8, 1936,
pp. 21-23. J/L8=0· ĂUnemployment Compensation Act *%Ă}®Úb·ãä-¿* ĂVÏ ĂMØÀuÊ*}®^ù-¿*Arthur J. Altmeyer, The Formative Years ofSocial Security, Madison, 1966, pp. 15,21; Witte,
The Development of the Social Security Act,
pp.133-134.

Joseph A. Fry, “The Organization in Control:
George Campbell Peery, Governor of Virginia,
1934-1938,” in Edward Younger, et.al., The
Governors of Virginia, 1860-1978, Charlottesvilles, 1982, pp. 261-275.
 Journal of the Senate of Commonwealth of
Virginia 1936, Richmond, 1936, pp. 43, 127.
Journal of the Senate, pp. 359, 410.

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Richmond, 1936, pp. 533, 593, 717, 813.
Richmond Times-Dispatch, March 9, 1936.


-32

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Heinemann, Depression and New Deal in
Virginia, p. 159; Hunter, “Virginia and the New
Deal,” p. 123.
Heinemann, Depression and New Deal in
Virginia, p. 160; Hunter, “Virginia and the New
Deal,” pp. 123-124.

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µ×fº Ê_búº!Î±±0¼"ÓU¤þ! 0.9Āă1937  " 1.8ĀăăË!¤)éñ +!ì!'!×o1938  " 2.7Ā'+.! ió

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!ăN1Q:?2"ă1937 Lloyd C. Stark to Peery, July 12, 1937; Peery
to Stark, July 12, 1937; Peery to Carter Glassand Harry Byrd, July 12, 1937; Byrd to Peery,
July 13, 1937, George C. Peery Executive
Papers, Box 80, Archives Division, Virginia State
Library and Archives, Richmond, Virginia.

Heinemann, Depression and New Deal in
Virginia, p. 160; Hunter, “Virginia and the New
Deal,” p. 124; Address of George C. Peery,
December 14, 1936, Senate Document, No.1,
Richmond, 1936, pp. 3-5; R. Gordon Wagenet toWilliam R. Shands, December 2, 1936; Wagenet
to Peery, December 10, 1936, Social Security
Administration Record, RG 47, Box 6, Virginia
500, General, The National Archives, Washington D.C.

+

1938 !ª¶ç!ù ăµbøn 
Address of George C. Peery, December 14,
1936, Senate Document, No.1, Richmond, 1936,
pp.5-7.

Journal of the Senate of Commonwealth of
Virginia, 1937-1938, Richmond, 1938, pp.18,
48-52; Journal of the House of Delegates of
Virginia, 1937-1938, Richmond, 1938, pp. 15,
51-52, 58, 68.
 William R. Shands to Merill G. Murray,
December 31, 1935, Social Security Administration Record, RG 47, Box 6, Virginia 500,
General, The National Archives, Washington
D.C.


-33-

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Steward Machine Company vs. Davis, 301
U.S. 548; Altmeyer, The Formative Years of Social Security, pp. 56, 278; Robert G. McCloskey,
The American Supreme Court, Chicago, 1960, pp.
176-177.



-34

Old Age Pensions, Folders 1-7, Box 69,
George C. Peery Executive Papers, 1934-1938.
Richmond Times-Dispatch, January 25, 1935,
pp. 1-2.


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2 6/ 60)“Mr. Byrd on Pensions,” Richmond TimesDispatch, January 25, 1935, p. 8.
Garland Easterly to George C. Peery, January 23, 1935, Box 69, Old Age Pensions, Folder
3, George C. Peery Executive Papers, 19341938.

William M. Tuck to Harry F. Byrd, January
24, 1935, Folder 2780 (Political and Legal
Correspondence, 1935), William M. Tuck Papers,
Manuscripts Division, Earl Gregg Swem Library,
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg,
Virginia.

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Harry F. Byrd to William M. Tuck, January 26,
1935, Folder 2780, William M. Tuck Papers.

Lee J. Alston and Joseph P. Ferrie, “Labor
Costs, Paternalism, and Loyalty in Southern
Agriculture: A Constraint on the Growth of the
Welfare State,” Journal of Economic History,
Vol.XLV, No.1, March, 1985, pp. 113-114.

The United States Senate, Committee on
Finance, Hearings on S. 1130, Washington D.C.,


-36

1935, p. 71.
Raymond Wolters, “The New Deal and the
Negro,” in John Braemen, Robert H. Bremner,and David Brody, eds., The New Deal, Vol.1: The
National Level, Colombus, 1975, pp. 193-196.

Alston and Ferrie, “Labor Costs, Paternalism,
and Loyalty in Southern Agriculture,” pp.
95-117.
George Edmund Haynes, “Lily-White Social
Security,” Crisis, No.42, 1935, pp. 85-86.
 Norfolk Journal and Guide, February 9, 1935.

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Harry F. Byrd to George C. Peery, October 14,
1935, Box 146, Harry F. Byrd Papers, Manuscripts Division, Alderman Library, Universityof Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Harry F. Byrd to Peery, October 22, 1935, Box146, Harry F. Byrd Papers.


Quoted in Wolters, “The New Deal and the
Negro,” p. 194.
Richmond Times-Dispatch, January 24, 25,
1935.

-37-

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Commonwealth, Vol.V, No.1, January, 1938, pp.
13-14. !ªėNS_< 0ýiė/,
M.FU_Bl PZE_Benjamin Muse to Charles H. Morrisett, n.d.,Box 2, Old Age Pension and Social Security,
Benjamin Muse Papers, Manuscripts Division,
Alderman Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesvilles, Virginia; E. Griffithe Dodson, ed.,The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of
Virginia, 1919-1939, Register, Richmond, 1939.

-38

pĐÏ!äÄ Î©ėéûÇéđ
Report of the Commission on Old Age Assistance in Virginia, Senate Document, No.3,
Richmond, 1937, pp. 15-19.
Report of the Commission on Old Age Assistance in Virginia, pp. 19-34.
Report of the Commission on Old Age Assistance in Virginia, p.36; Stauffer, “Public
Welfare in Virginia,” p. 14.
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Report of the Commission on Old Age Assistance in Virginia, pp. 36-50.
Address of George C. Peery, January 12, 1938,
Senate Document, No.1, Richmond, 1938, pp.
22-23.
Address of James H. Price, January 19, 1938,
Senate Document, No.2, Richmond, 1938, pp.
4-6.

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.%*ÒĨ¨Č)©%úÖã(dĠ9Virginia, 1938, Richmond, 1938, pp. 82, 322.
Address of James H. Price, January 19, 1938,
p. 5; James, The States, pp. 295-296.

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