Report of Workshop on EXFOR Compilation 2014
DAGVADORJ Ichinkhorloo
Meme Media Laboratory, Hokkaido UniversityAbstract
The Workshop on The Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Database compilation
was held at International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, Austria from 6 to
10 October 2014. This report summarizes the contents of the workshop on theEXFOR compilation process including compilation rules, diﬀerent techniques fornuclear reaction data measurements, software developments, etc.

1Introduction

The workshop on The Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Database (EXFOR) was held at International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria from 6 to 10 October 2014. Theworkshop aims to discuss various aspects of the EXFOR compilation process including compilation rules, diﬀerent techniques for nuclear reaction data measurements, software developments, etc.
Eleven participants from diﬀerent Nuclear Reaction Data Centres and four staﬀ from the IAEA
attended the Workshop which is national, regional and specialized centres, coordinated in the compilation by the IAEA, about exchange and dissemination of nuclear reaction data in order to meetthe requirements of nuclear data users in all countries. There were several presentations and compilation exercises including EXFOR compilation rules, diﬀerent techniques for nuclear reaction datameasurements, software developments, etc. scheduled 5 days of the workshop.

2Objectives

In the welcome address, S. Simakov (IAEA) and R. Forrest (IAEA) greeted participants of theWorkshop on EXFOR compilation. N. Otsuka was Chairperson of the Workshop. During theWorkshop participants discussed several presentations and carried out compilation exercises.

2.1

Main Topics of the Agenda

The agenda covered in the EXFOR workshop is discussed below:• Some comments on EXFOR compilation:
Technical remarks from the reviewers were discussed by N.Otsuka. Many of them are treatedas recommendations rather than (proposals of) new rules. Some of them could be further discussed
and added to the manuals if appropriate. The goal is to make key information more visible in a
simple and concise EXFOR database.

- 61 -• Compilation of beta-delayed neutron emission data:
Compilation of beta-delayed neutron emission data were presented by V. Semkova. The main
characteristics of the beta-delay neutron emission, the measurement techniques and the compilation
rules were discussed in accordance with the decision of the NRDC Meeting 2014 to include betadelayed neutron spectra from specific precursors in the scope of the EXFOR compilation. The rules
for the compilation of the emission probabilities have been revised in order to take into accountthe probability of the emission of more than one beta-delayed neutron from a precursor.
• Results of the 100 Mo(p, 2n)99m Tc cross section measurements and possible systematic errors:
S. Takacs introduced about results of the 100 Mo(p, 2n)99m Tc cross section measurements. Thenuclear medicine community are expressing concerns regarding potential shortages of 99m Tc supply based on the fission production of 99 Mo from highly-enriched uranium (HEU) to prepare
99 Mo/99m Tc generators. As an alternative to a reactor-produced 99 Mo/99m Tc generator technology,
the direct accelerator production of 99m Tc is considered. However, the most of the available experimental cross section data for 100 Mo(p, 2n)99m Tc reaction have the same general shape while theiramplitudes are diﬀerent. The aim of this study was to determine the absolute amplitude of the excitation function of 100 Mo(p, 2n)99m Tc reaction. The excitation function of the 100 Mo(p, 2n)99m Tc
reaction determined in the three independent irradiations using analytically derived equations andthe data evaluation are in perfect agreement. This agreement proves that the main discrepancy
among the published experimental cross section data of the 100 Mo(p, 2n)99m Tc reaction could
originate from the data evaluation methods.
• Definition of radioisotope thick target yields:
S. Takacs also presented problems and confusions about definitions of yields. There is some
confusion among the diﬀerent definitions and use of the experimental yields of charged particle
induced reactions in everyday use. Diﬀerent physical quantities like production rates, EOB activity(activity at the end of bombardment) are called yield and the applied units are mixed up as wellwhich make proper compilation of the reported data diﬃculty.
• Neutron Kerma factors in EXFOR: actual status and missing published results:
Neutron Kerma factors were discussed by S. Simakov. KERMA (K) is a Kinetic Energy Releasedin Matter per mass unit, K = dE/dm. K accounts for the energy deposition from all charged p, d,
α and e of nuclear reaction including heavy recoils which deposit their energy locally, respectively..
However, it excludes neutral reaction products (n, γ) which deposit energy non-locally, i.e. at large
distance from collision. Here, we discussed and made proposal for Kerma data available in EXFOR
and published in the literature.
• Some problems of photonuclear data compilation and evaluation:
Experimental photonuclear data research is a complicated problem for several reasons. Those
were discussed by V. Varlamov. As a result there are many data with significant systematic
uncertainties obtained with the diﬀerent experimental measurement methods and data processing
procedures. Therefore, there are many problems in photonuclear data compilation and evaluation.
• Compilation of neutron data in the resolved resonance region measured by TOF method.
Spectrometers response function- 62 -V. Semkova reported about the nuclear data for the neutron-induced reaction in the resonancerange which have been extensively compiled in EXFOR. The time-of-flight spectra are valuable
for future analysis and compilation of them has been desired of the NRCD community for manydecades. The spectrometers response functions are needed for comparison of data measured at
diﬀerent experimental facilities. The resolution broadening has to be applied to evaluated data inorder to compare experimental data with the evaluation. During the meeting, possibilities for thecompilation in EXFOR of the TOF spectrometer response functions were discussed, which can berequired for the neutron spectroscopy applications.
• Neutron source spectra format
Neutron source spectra with EXFOR format rules, present status and proposals for neutron
source data storage were discussed by O. Gritzay.
• Nuclear astrophysics data. Calculations of nuclear astrophysics and californium neutron
cross section uncertainties using ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.2, JENDL-4.0 and low-fidelity
covariances.
The calculations of nuclear astrophysics and californium neutron cross section uncertainties
using ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.2, JENDL-4.0 and low-fidelity covariance were introduced by B.
Pritychenko. Nuclear astrophysics and californium fission neutron spectrum averaged cross sections
and their uncertainties for ENDF materials have been calculated. Absolute values were deducedwith Maxwellian and Mannhart spectra, while uncertainties are based on ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF3.1.2, JENDL-4.0 and Low-Fidelity covariance. These quantities are compared with available data,independent benchmarks, EXFOR library, and analyzed for a wide range of cases. Recommendations for neutron cross section covariance are given and implications are discussed.
• Structure of software on graphic data processing for the EXFOR data library.
The software on graphic data processing for the EXFOR data library was presented by G.
Pikulina, S.Taova and S. Dunaeva. The previous version of InpGraph was designed more than 10years ago. It was developed for internal needs. The main advantage of this version is a special
processing procedure that provides compilation of image data of old images into EXFOR format.
But the old version of InpGraph demands additional training of users as a strict order of digitizing
operations. This fact decreases the number of its potential users. More friendly interface withmodern trends was created in the present version.
• Introduction to the digitization software GDgraph
The digitization software GDgraph 5.0 was introduced by Guochang Chen. GDgraph is softwarefor digitization. Since 1997, the digitization software GDgraph has been developed to fit therequirements of evaluation, measurement and EXFOR compilation.
• Digitization software GSYS
D.Ichinkhorloo introduced last version of digitization software, GSYS 2.4.7. She explained the mainfeatures of GSYS2.4.7 and using for reading the numerical data from an image file.

3Participants

Eleven participants from diﬀerent Nuclear Reaction Data Centres and four staﬀ from the IAEA
attended the Workshop (Appendix I) . Group photo of all the participants in shown in Fig.1.

- 63 -Fig. 1: Group photo of the conference

4Summary

The Workshop on EXFOR Compilation 2014 was successfully held in IAEA. Total 15 participantsjoined the workshop. Several presentations have given to extensive discussions, and produced
valuable suggestions. In addition to discussions, several compilation and digitization exercises werecarried out.

Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful for the support from Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific ResearchResults (No. 257005), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the support ofthe research collaboration between Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University and RIKEN Nishina
Center.

- 64 -Annex. I
List of Participants
NAME

AFFILIATION

Otto Schwerer

AUSTRIA

Sandor Takacs

Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUNGARY

Nurzat Kenzhebayev

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, KAZAKHSTAN

Galina Pikulina

Institute of Experimental Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Sophiya Taova

Institute of Experimental Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Marina Mikhailiukova

Institute for Physics and Power Engineering, RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Vladimir Varlamov

Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Guochang Chen

China Institute of Atomic Energy, CHINA

Dagvadorj Ichinkhorloo

Hokkaido University, JAPANBoris Pritychenko

Brookhaven National Laboratory, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Olena Gritzay

Institute for Nuclear Research, UKRAINE

Valentina Semkova

Nuclear Data Section, IAEA

Naohiko Otsuka

Nuclear Data Section, IAEA

Stanislav Simakov

Nuclear Data Section, IAEA

Viktor Zerkin

Nuclear Data Section, IAEA

- 65 -Annex. II
ProgramMonday, 6 October 2014
9:30-12:30
10 min.
15 min.
5 min.
10 min.
150 min.
12:30-14:00
14:00-18:00
60 min.
180 min.

9:00-13:00
30 min.
30 min.
60 min.

60 min.
13:00-14:00
14:00-18:00
240 min.

9:00-13:00
45 min.

Welcome Address
Self-introduction
Announcement
Objectives of the workshop
Some comments on EXFOR compilation
Lunch

R. Forrest
All
K. Nathani
V. Semkova
N. Otsuka

Compilation of beta-delayed
neutron emission data
Compilation exercises on beta-delayed
neutron emission data
Tuesday, 7 October 2014

V. Semkova

Review of the compilation exercise of 6th October .
EXFOR compilations for CIELO project .
Results on the 100 Mo(p, 2n)99m Tc cross section
measurements and possible systematic errors.
Definition of radioisotope thick target yields
Kerma factors in EXFOR: actualand missing published results
Lunch

V. Semkova
B. Pritychenko

Compilation exercises on charged
particle-induced data and Kerma factors
Wednesday, 8 October 2014
Review of the compilation exercise of 7th October .

- 66 -All

S. Takacs
S.P. SimakovAll

S. Takacs
S.P. Simakov
N. Otsuka

45 min.
45 min.
45 min.
13:00-14:00
14:00-18:00

Some problems of photonuclear datacompilation and evaluation
Compilation of neutron data in resolved resonance region
measured by TOF method. Spectrometers response function
Neutron source spectra format .
LunchCompilation exercises on neutron-induced

240 min.

9:00-13:00
60 min.

30 min.
30 min.

30 min.
30 min.
30 min.
13:00-14:00
14:00-18:00

9:00-13:00
1.

2.
3.

V. Semkova
O. GritzayAlland photonuclear data
Thursday, 9 October 2014
Nuclear astrophysics data. Calculations of nuclear .
astrophysics and californium neutron cross section
uncertainties using ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.2,
JENDL-4.0 and low-fidelity covariances
Structure of software on graphic data processing for .
the EXFOR data library
Users interface of a program on graphic data processing
for the EXFOR data library: approaches, solutions, capabilities
Introduction of digitization software GDgraph Chen
Guochang
Digitization software GSYS .
Digitization capabilities of Origin 9.0
Lunch
Digitization tools and compilation exercises

240 min.

V. Varlamov

B. Pritychenko

G. Pikulina
S. Taova

D. Ichinkhorloo
B. Marcinkevicius

Allon nuclear astrophysics data
Friday, 10 October 2014
Review of the compilation exercises of8th and 9th OctoberDiscussions
Closing of the meeting- 67 -B. Pritychenko
V. Varlamov
N. Otsuka