Snorri Sturluson

Edda
Skáldskaparmál 2

Snorri Sturluson

Edda
Skáldskaparmál
2. Glossary and Index of Names

Edited by

ANTHONY FAULKES

VIKING SOCIETY FOR NORTHERN RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON

1998

© Anthony Faulkes 1998
First published by Viking Society for Northern Research 1998
Reprinted with minor corrections 2007
ISBN:
978 0 903521 36 9 Volume 1
978 0 903521 38 3 Volume 2

Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter

Contents of Volume 1
Introduction ............................................................................. vii
Title ....................................................................................... vii
Synopsis ............................................................................... viii
The composition of the work ............................................... x
Date and authorship .............................................................. xi
The verse quotations .......................................................... xiii
The ﬂulur .............................................................................. xv
The dialogue frame...........................................................xviii
The prose narratives .......................................................... xxii
The analysis of poetic diction .......................................... xxv
Purpose ............................................................................xxxvii
Manuscripts ..................................................................... xxxix
This edition ............................................................................ li
Table of verse quotations and their preservation .............. lv
Bibliographical references ...................................................... lx
Manuscript sigla ..................................................................... lxx
Glossary of technical terms ................................................. lxxi
Text ............................................................................................. 1
Textual notes ......................................................................... 135
General notes ......................................................................... 153

Contents of Volume 2
Glossary ................................................................................. 231
Index of names ...................................................................... 443

GLOSSARY
The glossary is full but not complete: some ordinary words are omitted, andreferences are selective for words of frequent occurrence, but all technicalwords and all kennings in the verses are included with virtually complete
references. References to the text are by page and line number except whenpreceded by ‘v’, when they are to verse and line number. In references, ‘n.’refers to a word in the General Notes, ‘t. n.’ to a word in the Textual Notes.
The following abbreviations are also used:a.
abs(ol).
acc.
adv.
art.
aux.
comp.
conj.
dat.
def.
e–m
e–r, e–ne–r(ri), e–rar
e–t
e–s, e–u
f.
gen.
imp.
impers.
indecl.
inf.
instr.
interrog.
intrans.
irreg.
m.
md.
n.
neg.

adjective
absolute(ly)accusative
adverb(ial)articleauxiliarycomparative
conjunction
dativedefinite
einhverjum
einnhverr, einhvern
einhver(ri), einhverrar
eitthvert
einhvers, einhverju
feminine
genitive
imperativeimpersonal
indeclinableinfinitive
instrumental
interrogative
intransitive
irregular
masculine
middle voiceneuternegativenom.
nominative
num.
numeral
obj.
objectord.
ordinalo–selfoneself
p.
past
part.
partitive
pass.
passivepers.
personpl.
pluralposs.
possessivepp.
past participle
prep.
preposition(al)pres. (p.) present (participle)
pret.-pres.
preterite-present
pron.
pronounrel.
relativesg.
singulars–one
someones–thingsomething
subj.
subject
subjunc.
subjunctive
subst.
substantive
sup.
superlative
sv.
strong verb
trans.
transitive
vb.
verb
v. l.
variant reading
wv.
weak verb-a neg. suffix v44/3, v59/2, v82/7, v93/7, v94/7, v168/1, v172/5,
v175/5, v178/7, 59/17, v192/3, v217/1, v314/1
á (1) see eigaá (2) f. river 17/13, 25/3, 4 (gen. pl.), 41/11 (gen. pl.), 41/15, 45/4,
48/10, v303/1 (metaphor for a poem reaching its end), v479 t. n.
(gen. pl.); in kenning for rock, ár ste›i v317/4 (the form áar would
make up the usual complement of syllables; see note to verse 143
and Háttatal 7 and note)ábyrg› f. liability; hafa mikit í á. have a great deal at stake 21/17

232

Skáldskaparmálá›an adv. a little while ago v250/1 t. n.
á›r adv. before v64/7 (with ræ›r, ‘was the first to’), 42/5, 109/20;
previously, already v58/3, 85/15; above (in a book) 11/26, 18/1,
20/18, 69/5, 75/16, 78/22; á›r ok sí›an early and late v343/2; asconj. before 21/6, v83/5, v309/3, until v45/3 (or adv., previously?),
v71/1 (links with e›r ólaus in preceding stanza), v97/5, 41/31,
v160/7, v172/6, v175/7, v408/2
afar adv. extremely v205/2
afarmenni n. mighty man, overbearing person 106/9, v441/2
áfenginn a. strong (of drink) 1/13, 49/11
afgelja f. blather 109/6
afglapi m. simpleton (someone who can be completely taken in)
106/17
afi m. grandfather 107/15, v446/2
afkvæmi n. offspring, progeny 50/15, 107/19
afl (1) n. strength 46/23, v166/5; gen. obj. of freista v24/3 (i. e. his
strength); af afli with force, powerfully v80/7 (with ﬂur›i), v91/3(with vá), v356/2; af ƒllu afli with all his strength 1/29
afl (2) m. forge v87/7 (dat. with so›num, in a forge), 42/2, 3, 5
afla (a›) wv. with dat. be able to do v269/2; with gen. a. sér build
up for o–self, increase for o–self, earn, acquire 106/2 (the second
obj. is acc., though T and C have gen.; cf. ljá and 25/2 n.)afláti m. inactive person, one who gives up v441/5 t. n.
aflgjƒr› (-ger›) f. powerful activity, in kenning for battle, or›a a.
naglfara bor›s ok tungu me›alkafla mighty word-activity (parliament,
meeting) of shield and sword v401/4 (acc. with drap sér á, cf.
note)
aflraun f. test of strength, difficult achievement, great feat of strength
v81/2
afspringr m. offspring, progeny, descendant 107/19, v448/3; swordname, ‘which springs back, rebounder’? v459/4
ágætr a. magnificent, splendid, famous 5/37, 6/3, v325/2, 101/22,
v394/2 (with hjálmi, but cf. v279), 103/14; sup. 46/22, 101/10;
ágætastr af most notable for 58/4
ái m. forefather, great-grandfather 107/15, v446/1
aka (ók) sv. drive, travel in a vehicle (at to) v65/5, v108/1, 83/16;
with the vehicle in dat. (of sailing ships conceived as waggons) v266/2
ákafliga adv. furiously, violently 6/8, 21/15, 37, 59/25
ákafr a. furious, violent; sup. n. as adv. sem ákafast as hard as hecould 4/39
akarn n. acorn; in kenning for heart, dólgs a. v82/1 (pl., subj. of
drápu; see note)akka f. arrow (of bone or with a bone point) v465/1

Glossary

233

akkeri n. anchor v500/6 (Falk 1912, 78)
akr (rs) m. ploughed field, cornfield v263/1 t. n.
aktaumar m. pl. ropes attached to a bar across the rudder to steer aship (LK 179; not used in medieval times, see Falk 1912, 76);
ropes attached to the ends of the yard (or to the clews of the sail,see Foote and Wilson 1970, 246) to adjust the angle of the sail
(Falk 1912, 65; LK 208) v500/3
ákve›inn a. (pp.) agreed, appointed 2/1
ala (ól) sv. nurse; metaphorically, have in one’s mind, brood overv38/1 (inf. with ﬂurfut); pp. bred v169/3; alnar vi› bred on v125/3(of Ægir’s daughters or the winds); alin var at was born for (i. e.
in order to bring about) v202/1
alda f. wave v478/1 (most of the other words in this list are proper
names); in kenning for (the mead of) poetry, Ó›reris (hafs) a.
v34/3 (see note)
aldaﬂopti m. old rowing-bench mate 107/21, v445/2
aldr m. life v143/4, v390/3 (acc. with bi› ek); (long) period of time,
lifetime 99/5; at aldri in age 58/8; acc. as adv. always v34/4?
aldrhaf n. eternal, ancient sea? sea of life? in kenning, vágr aldrhafs
v34/4, see note
aldri(gi) adv. never v105/1 (‘never will any young ruler . . .’), v194/5,
v379/2 (v. l. aldre(g)i, aldregin (U, ‘alldreginn’)), v406/1
aldrminkandi m. (pres. p.) who diminishes the life (e–s of s–one),life-curtailer; in kenning for ﬁórr, killer of giants, a. Ellu steins
aldar v91/7 (dat. with of bella)álfheimr m. the world of elves, where elves dwell v91/4 (gen. withbliku). See Indexálfr m. elf 5/20, 40/16, v332/5 (understand kalla, call it), similarly
v380/5; in kenning for war-leader, sóknar á. (Jƒrmunrekkr) v155/2(gen. with sveita or dƒgg)álfrƒ›ull m. ‘elf-wheel’, a name for the sun 85/20, v517/7 (Gylf.,
Vafﬂrú›nismál, Skírnismál 4; cf. Index); in kenning for gold, á.
elfar v117/1
algífri n. complete monster v251/8 (descriptive gen., ‘completely
monstrous’, with úlfs: that complete monster of a wolf (i. e. Fenrir);or úlfs algífrislifra ‘the wolf’s most monstrous sister’, see NN 193)
algildr a. completely worthy, excellent v21/1 (with allvald)alinleygr m. (fore)arm-flame, gold ring v234/2 (gen. with fleygjendr)
alinmunnr m. ‘(fore)arm’s mouth’, hand, fist; dat. (instr.) with themouth of his arm v53/4 (with gein)alinn see alaálit n. appearance (pl.) v166/6
áll m. (1) trench (in the sea) v477/7; cf. hrafnáll

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Skáldskaparmál

áll m. (2) eel v488/5; in kenning for sea, áls hrynbraut v194/6, forsnake, áll Fjƒrgynjar (i. e. of the earth) v317/2 (gen. with hrynbe›s)allfrægr a. very renowned 2/23, much spoken of 21/16
allhræddr a. very frightened, quite terrified 21/29
allmargr a. very many v374/2 (with hús or øx?)allmikill a. a very great deal of 45/25
allr a. all v66/1 (with vé), v98/3, v101/5, 72/24, v257/2, v271/3,
v348/3, v381/1, v405/2; the whole v28/1 (with asksƒgn), v106/4(with sjár), v143/3, 50/15, v185/1 (with ævi), v254/5, v269/4,
v277/4; the whole of, completely v58/2 (with Kjallandi); complete
v148/4 (with varn, i. e. vƒrn); (my) entire 25/27 n.; every, allkinds of v194/7 (with framræ›i); allir everyone (else) v295/2,
they all (sc. Jƒrmunrekkr’s warriors) v157/6; ƒllu everything v270/3(obj. of of valda), with comp. than everything v273/3; n. as adv.
alt all the way 72/9; gen. sg. as adv. alls ekki in no way at all 50/3;
alls engi never any v107/1; as subst. of everything, of all v115/2(with dróttinn), v276/2, 78/11; as conj. since v36/1, v72/2, v216/1
allrei›r a. very angry 21/1
allríkr a. very powerful, all-powerful v298/2 (with Torf-Einars)
allvaldr m. very powerful, all-powerful one 99/23, 29; one who hascomplete power, earl (Sigur›r or Hákon, see note to verse 12)v21/2 (acc. with bi›), king (Óláfr Haraldsson) v375/1; aldar a.
i. e. King Óláfr of Sweden v383/3; pl. rulers v381/1 (with alla)
allﬂarfliga adv. most earnestly 1/34
álmbogi m. ‘elm-bow’ (cf. álmr, bogi) 108/34 t. n.
almenning f. the general public v443/2
álmr m. elm; in kenning for (unidentified) warrior, a. dynskúrar
málma v209/2 (vocative); bow (made of elm) v249/4 (subj. ofbugusk), v467/1
álmsorg f. ‘elm’s sorrow, trouble(r)’, the wind v351/4 (subj. ofgrefr)
álmtaug f. bow-string; in kenning for warrior, the giant Geirrø›r,álmtaugar œgir v87/5
alnbogi m. elbow 108/34 (v. l. álmbogi)
alnenninn a. totally well-motivated, very eager to act, energetic v196/3
alr m. awl 43/8 (cf. Index)
alskír f. all-bright, name for the sun 85/19
alsæll a. perfectly blessed v163/2 (understand as obj. au›? or Fró›a,grind him happy, i. e. so that he becomes perfectly happy?—oradv. acc.? Or understand meldr, what brings blessedness; see
NN 70)
alvápna›r a. (pp.) fully armed 59/22
ámáttligr a. very powerful-looking v422/7

Glossary235

ambátt f. female slave 52/6, 11, v160/8 (gen. with hljóm)
amma f. grandmother 108/3
ámælisskor f. ‘accusation-tally’? 106/30 (see note)anda›r a. (pp.) dead v295/1
andhvalr m. bottle-nose(d whale) v490/7 (KSk 15, 16; JG 7, 35;= andarnefja; beaked whale LML 120, 123)
andi m. breath, spirit 108/26
andskoti m. opponent 107/22
andsvar n. reply, response 101/13 (pl.)
angrﬂjófr m. ‘grief-, sorrow-stealer’, comforter, helper; in kenningfor ﬁórr, Ó›ins a. v87/6 (dat. of respect with gin)annarr a. other v271/3, 90/27; next 72/26; another (i. e. stilli)v172/2, v406/1 (with skjƒldungr); another (person) v164/2 (obj.
of granda, also with búa and orka, for another), 109/17; another(nine) 103/1; some other 107/14; another (horse) v329/7 (subj. ofhvarfa›i); the other, a second one (i. e. ig›a) v152/1; different
109/20 (a›ra greinina the other type of meaning); the second
v516/7 (with himinn); annat sinn secondly 78/11; annarr . . .
annarr one . . . the other 21/1–2
annvanr (i. e. and-) a. lacking (e–s s–thing); saums a. which do nothave nails, of men conceived as masts (siglur) v156/4 (see note)
apli m. ‘dapple’, ox-name v505/1; see Index
apt adv. back v103/2
aptann m. evening (the latter part of the day, from mid-afternoon
onwards) 99/6
aptr adv. back v102/8 (with lei›ir)ár (1) n. year v353/4 (acc. of time), 99/5
ár (2) f. oar v500/2
ár (3) adv. once v221/2 (perhaps with sagt er? NN 329); long ago
v93/6 (with settisk or with báru; but see note)árakló f. probably a kind of rowlock (cf. Falk 1912, 24, 69, 70)v491/3 (as name of ship? perhaps arakló, ‘eagle-claw’?); cf. klóárdagar m. pl. days of yore; í árdaga long ago v62/2
arfi m. heir 107/16; son v26/4, v42/1 (gen. with va›r), v82/5 t. n.
árflognir m. early flier, name for a raven (or other carrion bird?)
91/3, v338/2 (dat. with gaf ek)
arfr m. inheritance 3/3, 48/15, v280/3 (obj. of leifa); e–s a. s–one’s
legacy 48/30, 35, 49/5; ox-name v504/7, see Index
arfuni m. heir, inheritor 107/16, v446/6; ox-name v505/4, see Indexarghyrna f. ‘cowardly, useless point’, (ironic?) name for an axe
with long but weak points on the blade v463/10
árgu› n. god of plenty, harvest god 18/16
árheiti n. river-name 41/11 (gen. pl.)

236

Skáldskaparmál

ari m. eagle 92/1, v340/4, v400/2 (gen. with jó›i); in kenning for
carrion, ara barr v333/2 (or acc. with lætr, subj. of fagna, if
bló›orra is taken as the gen.), for blood, ara hræsær v333/8 (seehrægammr)
arinn m. hearth; (hearth-)stone, in kenning for giantess, arin-Syn,stone-Syn (separated by tmesis, see note) v90/4; a stage or bridge
on a ship for the commander? (Falk 1912, 115) v500/4árla adv. early (in the day) 99/7
armleggr m. (upper) arm 108/34; in kennings for gold, eisa armleggsv191/4, gló›ir armleggs v199/4
armr m. arm 108/34; farmr e–s arma = s–one’s husband or lover
v13/2, v75/2, v98/2
arnarhamr m. eagle-shape, -form 2/4, 15, 4/38, 5/1
arngrennir m. eagle-feeder, one who provides corpses for birds ofprey, war-leader (Magnús gó›i) v218/2 (obj. of té›u)
arnsúgr m. ‘eagle-sucking’ or ‘eagle-noise’: the wind (or its sound)caused by an eagle’s wings 2/16, the pressure of the wind from theeagle’s wings v103/8 (obj. of lag›i; lit. directed it against Loki,i. e. perhaps ‘pursued L. with powerful wing-beats’; or instr. withlag›i at, ‘made after Loki with powerful wing-beats’) (cf. Gylf.
20/29–38)
árr m. messenger; pl. ærir embassy? 106/33, v441/1; in kenning forÆsir (perhaps a calque on angelus?), ærir Yggs v50/1; for warrior,man, árr sver›regns deliverer of sword-rain v303/1 (Óláfr pái;dat. with mær›, for)ártali m. year-counter (a name for the moon) 85/21; (a name for araven) 91/4
árvƒxtr m. swelling of a river 25/15
as-Freyr m. tumult-Freyr, battle-Freyr, kenning for warrior (ƒs f.
‘tumult’) v214/4. Cf. él-Freyrásjándi pres. p. (cf. sjá á) looking on: at ásjánda Akille while A.
was looking on 6/4
askr m. ash(-tree) 40/13, 65/20; in kenning for warrior, Hárs drífu
a. v214/3; ship (made of ash) 69/19 (cf. Ullr in Index and note
to 67/21), Viking ship v491/4 (Falk 1912, 87); sword-namev454/5 (name for a horse SnE 1848–87, II 487)asksƒgn f. (ash-)ship’s crew; Ullar a. are the shield-crew, warriors
with shields v28/2 (ﬂess er: of him who, who follow him who)
askﬂollr m. ‘(ash-)ship-tree’, in kenning for warriors, Ullar askﬂollar,
the trees of Ullr’s ship (i. e. of the shield) v212/1 (dat. of advantage(for) with stendr)ásmegin f. Áss-strength, divine strength v72/5
ásmó›r m. Áss-rage, divine fury 21/37

Glossary237

áss m. (mountain-) ridge; in kenning for mountains, áss (gen. sg.)hau›r v80/8 (cf. note)ást f. love 108/27-at neg. suffix v68/5, v72/1, v79/3, v90/5, v166/1, v178/1, v209/1,
v252/1, v362/2, v388/1, v416/7
at (1) conj. that; so that, in such a way that v173/3 (ﬂví . . . at thus
that, so such an extent that?), 109/19 (2; or as rel.?)); ﬂat . . . at suchthat v285/3; as rel. 42/15 (1)? (see note), hér . . . at here what 8/23
at (2) prep. with dat. to v65/5; as 48/21, 59/28; elliptically with gen.
at the home of 50/17, v159/5, v174/8; with acc. at ﬂat after that,
thereupon v96/6, v101/2, v243/2; in v250/2 at seems to be theconj. after hug›i and ﬂat ve›r boga the obj. of fœri (see note); as
adv. there 42/15 (1) (see note); at ﬂar várum we were there,
present v144/4 (or at fleiri . . . at ﬂar várum, the more because wewere there, at (3) and (1), see NN 770)
at (3) adv. with comp. at fleiri the more (because of the killing)v144/3 (with tár; cf. at (2))
atbur›r m. event, what had happened 3/30, 5/32 (pl.)
athƒfn f. activity 40/10, 26, 64/27
átján num. eighteen 101/18
atkvæ›i n. decision 42/19
atseta f. residence 51/30
átt(-) see eiga
átt f. family line, tribe; kin(sfolk); allar áttir Ingi-Freys i. e. all thegods v101/5 (subj. of gƒr›usk)átta num. eight (with mœ›ra) v64/8áttbogi m. branch of family line; lineage; descendants, relatives; á.
ylgjar = wolves v321/1 (subj. of svalg)
atti m. sword-name, ‘attacker’ or ‘inciter’ v458/8áttru›r (-runnr) m. member of a family line (ætt); á. e–s s–one’s
relative, kinsman: á. Hymis = ﬁjazi v100/4 (subj. of ba› sér fœra),á. Su›ra = Geirrø›r (see Su›ri in Index) v87/8 (in apposition toœgir, subj. of laust)áttungr m. relative 107/18, v446/1
au›it pp. granted (by fate; with gen.); au›it var› (impers.) e–m e–ss–thing was fated for s–one v387/2
au›k‡fingr m. an amasser, heaper up of wealth 106/15, v442/4
au›mildingr m. one generous with wealth, munificent person 79/28,
107/27au›r (1) m. wealth v163/1 (obj. of mƒlum), v163/5; precious gifts,
gold v199/2; til au›ar in order to gain wealth (i. e. plunder) v187/2;
ox-name v505/3 (cf. Index); in kenning for woman, lág au›sv202/3, for man, au›ar ﬂorn v218/3

238

Skáldskaparmálau›r (2) a. empty, waste, devastated v410/3 (complement of Sikiley var›)au›skati m. wealthy (and generous) man (prince) v443/4
au›súgr m. ‘wealth-sucker, -wind’? in kenning for troll-wife, a.
jƒtuns v300a/3 (NN 1095C proposes au›sú›, a kenning for woman(‘plank of wealth’), which provides a hending)auga n. eye 2/37, 24/31, v110/4 (obj. of varp), 40/29, 42/12, 44/27,
v385/4 (obj. of stinga), 108/8, 10, 14; dat. pl. (instr.) v45/2; af
augum mér from my eyes v392 n.; in kenning for gold, regn
augna Ó›s be›vinu v146/1 (gen. with regni)
auka (jók) sv. increase, add to 59/15, 18; a. e–n me› e–u honour
s–one with s–thing v12/1; pp. aukinn e–u strengthened by, withthe help of s–thing v103/4 (with hugreynandi Hœnis)aumr a. (the) poor v386/1 (as subst., acc. with lát)aur- see eyriraurbor› n. the second plank or strake from the keel (Falk 1912, 52;
cf. LK 154, where it is the third), sand-strake? v500/5
aurgefinn m. ox-name, ‘dirt-given, inclined to become dirty’ v505/8
aurkonungr m. ‘mud-king’? (or ƒr-, swift or liberal? arrow? possibly
an error for ár- harvest, prosperity?) 19/34
aurr m. mud v174/5 (subj. of etr)
aurri›i m. trout v485/7 (urri›i JG 28)
ausa (eyss, jós) sv. pour, bail (water from a ship) v355/1; of producing(the mead of) poetry v18/3; of gold conceived as grain, pour (withdat.) v186/5
aus(t)ker (austsker in C) n. a vessel for bailing, bailer, scoop
v500/7 (Falk 1912, 6)
austan adv. from the east, westwards (across the Baltic from Russia)
v352/2; fyrir a. as prep. with acc. to the east of v177/2
austr (1) (austrs) m. liquid pumped or poured (or abstract, thepumping?—cognate acc.); in kenning for poetry, bilge-water v18/4(obj. of ausa)
austr (2) adv. east; in the east v349/3, v381/2; i. e. in Norway
v212/2, in Sweden? v383/2; á jƒr›u a. i. e. in Norway v408/3;
eastwards v329/7 (with hvarfa›i; i. e. back to Uppsala)auvir› n. contemptible person 106/13
bá›ir pron. both; f. bá›ar we both v180/8ba›mr = barmr v501/6 t. n. (cf. de Vries 1977, 22 and 27; ÁBM 35, 42)baga (›) wv. cause trouble, injury to (vi›) v69/7
bági m. opponent, enemy; úlfs b. = Ó›inn v16/2 (subj. of gáfumk),
9/28; jarla b. v61/2 (subj. of vildi, see note)bágr m. hostility; brjóta bág á e–m open hostilities with s–one v76/8
bak n. back 22/25, 47/19

Glossary

239

bakki m. a small transport vessel v492/3 (Falk 1912, 87)
bál n. bonfire, pyre 97/25; funeral pyre v8/4 (that of Ó›inn’s son
Baldr), v372/1
bálgrimmr a. ‘hostile to fire’; Beita borgar b. hostile to the fire of
the sea, i. e. to gold, because he gives it away; generous; sup.
v136/2 (with hnossvin)ballfagr a. ‘boldly fair’, harshly shining v157/6 (with ennihƒgg;perhaps bƒlfagr, ‘evilly fair’; MS has ‘bavll-’)ballr a. bold, tough; sup. most bold v97/6 (with dólg)
balti m. bear, ‘plodder’ v510/6
banama›r m. slayer 58/20, 107/23
banaor› n. news of s–one’s death; bera b. af e–m i. e. kill s–one,
gain victory over s–one 6/18
band n. bond; í bƒndum in his bonds v98/4 (with eygja; on thebinding of Loki cf. Gylf. ch. 50); cf. bƒndbani m. death 2/9, 6/15, 18, 49/34, v164/4; cause of death, slayer
14/28, v59/5 (complement of var›, cf. note), 19/24, 28, 30, 39/14,
19, v164/7 (obj. of finni), 58/20; sinn bani his slayer, the one who
was about to slay him v67/8 (obj. of ﬂátti); cause of (s–one’s)
death 46/5, 31, 48/38, 49/13, 72/19; b. Belja = Freyr (see Gylf. ch.
37) v328/5; Fáfnisbani slayer of Fáfnir 103/9banvænligr a. likely to bring death, deadly 6/7
bára f. wave, bore (also the name of one of Ægir’s daughters, see
Index) v126/1, 74/8, 95/28, v361/1, (v478/7); berg-Mœra b., Bo›narb. (the mead of) poetry v30/3, v35/1 (subj. of tér); in kenning for
ship, báru fákr v256/3, for blood, valkastar b. v94/6 (gen. with már)bar› n. (1) front stem of ship, prow v133/7 (instr. with rístr), v256/2(obj. of ﬂrungit), v356/3 (subj. of sker›u), v499/1 (= framstefni
LK 90; cf. bar›i); the part of the front stem extending above thewater-line, the middle of three pieces comprising the stafn (stefni)(Falk 1912, 36); fyrir bƒr›um before the prows v132/2. (2) slope,rise, bank, edge (of a hill); in kenning for giants, Hƒr›ar bar›av83/4. (3) beard 108/19
bar›a f. ‘bearded axe’, axe with a long lower point on the blade v463/8
bar›i m. a kind of ship, ‘beaked’ (cf. bar›; bar›i perhaps means
one with strengthening or a projection on the stem for ramming,
cf. járnbar›i Falk 1912, 37–8) v51/1 (gen. with brautar), v493/3;
in kenning for shield(-wall), gar›r bar›a v235/2 (or bar› n.);shield (perhaps a shield with a long lower point) v470/7
bar›ristinn a. ‘prow-cut’, cut by the prow v354/1 (with bor›heim)bar›sól see bliksólbargrimmr a. ‘barley-fierce’? v136/2 t. n. (sup.)barmi m. poetical word for brother (fed at the same breast) v154/8

240

Skáldskaparmál(Erps barmar = Ham›ir and Sƒrli, subj. of hefndu; though according
to Ham›ismál 13 they were only half-brothers to Erpr and had
different mothers), 107/17, v446/3; Baldrs b. = ﬁórr (again ofhalf-brothers) v67/1 (subj. of ﬂyrm›it)barmr m. edge, shore, cliff v501/6 (written bar›mr in R, perhaps
for ba›mr m. (so C) ‘bosom, surface’?—cf. ættbarmr, -ba›mr)barn n. child 47/26, 48/8, 33, v148/4 (with ﬂví, dat. obj. of hrósa;
the child of Njƒr›r’s daughter is Hnoss (or Gersimi), the preciousgift), 107/16, 108/4, v447/2; fira bƒrn sons of men v202/4 (dat. ofrespect with rógi, for, among men); ƒglis b. = Loki in falcon form
v103/7; in kenning for giants, b. Mƒrnar v79/6 (gen. with ﬂverrir)
barnungr a. ‘child-young’, (still) a child in age (of Haraldr hárfagri)
v256/4 (with hrjó›r)barr n. (1) foliage 40/27, 41/22; cf. v10/3 t. n.
barr n. (2) barley; in kenning for gold, Kraka b. v186/6 and v389/2(dat. with eyss); for carrion, ara (or bló›orra) b. v333/1 (dat. withfagna); cf. v10/3 t. n.
barrhadda›r pp. foliage-haired, with hair made of pine needles (orbarley, Frank 1978, 186); of Norway perceived as female v10/3(with bi›kván). Cf. Gylf. 3/23–26, 12/32 (Grímnismál 40)
barún m. baron 80/4
bassi m. bear v510/5
batna (a›) wv. improve, get better; pres. p. batnandi perhaps means
ambitious, referring to those who want to improve their abilities
or reputation (upwardly mobile?) 106/5
bátr m. boat (ship’s boat?) v492/5
batt see binda
baugjƒr› f. ‘ring-land’, that on which the shield-boss stands, kenningfor shield 70/5, v239/3 (acc. with sér)baugnafa›r a. ‘circle-hubbed’, (of a shield conceived as a wheel)
having a disk (i. e. the shield-boss) as its hub v238/2 (with hjóls)baugr m. ring v2/2 (acc. pl. obj. of ﬂiggi parallel to heimbo›; i. e.
plunder), 45/27, 30, 48/5, v186/3 (gen. pl. with brattakr), v187/4(dat. pl., in, consisting of, rings; with or in, i. e. using, shields NN
2264, see below); háls(-)baugr neck-ring v250/8 (obj. of bar);boss of a shield (or its surround) v65/4 (dat. with á), 67/23, 69/29,
70/5, v240/1 (Falk 1914, 140); in kenning for shield, baugs bifkleif
v71/7; by synecdoche for shield v471/3; i. e. encircler, in kenningfor Midgard serpent, brattrar brautar b. v45/2 (dependent on leitá); in kenning for generous man, spillir bauga v151/6, baugs
fri›støkkvir (vocative; unidentified, see note) v262/1
baugsker›ir m. ‘ring-damager, -diminisher’, he who gives awayrings, generous ruler (unidentified) v133/7

Glossary241

bauti m. beater, striker, killer; in kenning for ﬁórr, arin-Synjar
salvani›-bauti (separated by tmesis, see note), striker of the ones
accustomed to visit the dwelling of the giantess (i. e. of cavedwellers) v90/4 (subj. of hlaut sigr)
bautu›r m. striker, stabber, ox-name v503/9 (v. l. bauru›r). A horse,
SnE 1848–87, II 487
baztr a. sup. best (with gen. pl.) v62/4 (apposition to Skí›bla›ni);b. e–m very kind towards s–one v150/2. Cf. betr
be›ja f. bedfellow 108/5; i. e. wife: Glens b. = the sun v135/1
be›r m. bed; pile, heap v358/1 (acc. pl. be›ja); á be› e–m to s–one’sbed (Hnoss (or Gersimi) is led to the poet’s bed, i. e. the precious
weapon is presented to him like a bride) v149/6; Grafvitnis b. =gold (snakes were supposed to sleep on gold) v183/4 (obj. of mólu)
be›vina f. bedfellow; Ó›s b. = Freyja v146/2 (gen. with augna)
bei›a (dd) wv. with gen. ask (for s–thing); b. e–n e–s ask s–one fors–thing, try to get s–thing from s–one 24/33; demand, force (e–s
e–t s–thing from s–thing) v160/4; challenge (to battle) v171/5 (orconstrain, tame, subdue, see NN 73); md. bei›ask e–n e–s ask
s–one for s–thing for o–self 4/23; beiddusk af nokkvors demanded
something of it for themselves 46/8; bei›ask at hafa (taka) demand,
request (to have) 45/11, 58/34; beiddusk at flytja asked if theymight convey 58/36.
bei›ir m. demander, ruler; hapta b. Ó›inn v32/1 (gen. with gildi)
beimar m. pl. warriors, men v217/4 (gen. with kyn), v271/2 (gen.
with li›), similarly v396/2, 105/26, v440/2. See Index
bein n. bone 41/31, v94/2 and v305/2? (cf. beini); lower leg, shank
109/2; in kenning for rocks, Hlƒ›ynjar b. v315/4 (gen. with Danar;
the Dane of rocks is a giant)beina (d) wv. set in motion; b. fluginn exert o–self to fly, start totake off 24/29
beini m. service, hospitality, i. e. provision of food v94/2 and v305/2(gen. with tormi›la›r; the word could also be gen. pl. of bein here)
beinir m. supporter, promoter, causer, in kenning for war-leader(Haraldr har›rá›i), b. bragna falls v275/1
beinn a. straight (with hún; predicative: ‘so that it is straight’); orof character, honourable (with breyti; cf. NN 261) v12/3
beita (1) f. bait, food; Gera b. = dead bodies v339/2 (obj. of sleit)
beita (2) (tt) wv. use (e–u s–thing) on (e–n s–one); b. e–u e–n inflicts–thing on s–one v90/7 (after sá er)beitiáss m. tacking boom, a pole attached to the lower corner of asail and to some part of the hull to hold the sail out straight whentacking v498/5 (Falk 1912, 61; LK 208–9)
bekkr (1) (gen. bekks or bekkjar) m. bench, platform, plank 74/25;

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the benches in the hall v20/7, v90/8 (as first half of compound
bekkrekkar m. pl. bench-fellows; acc. with of beitti); resting place,land, or seat, dwelling-place: ƒlna b. = sea v141/2 (gen. with eld;the preceding prose suggests that the word is bekkr (2) here);Sƒlsa b. v258/3 (gen. with trƒ›) must be a kenning for ship,
although the commentary (74/25) claims it means ‘sea’); seat:
Brunnakrs b. v100/5 is either gen. with dísi, forming a kenningfor I›unn, or is the name of a place in giantland (gen. of direction,
to, with of kom)bekkr (2) m. brook v477/6. Cf. bekkr (1)bekkrekkr m. bench-champion, bench-fellow; in kenning for giants,
bekkrekkar jƒtuns (separated by tmesis; acc. with of beitti) v90/8
bekri m. ram, tup (‘bleater’) 90/14, v507/8
belgr m. (1) bellows 42/14. (2) (animal) skin 45/37
bella (1) (ball) sv. strike with a ringing noise, clang; impers. there
was a clang v58/1
bella (2) (ld) wv. with dat. bring about (s–thing violent), put into
(violent) action, wage (war) (act violently with s–thing, cf. NN 2218B)
v241/2 (the clause hinn er styr beldi belongs with gla›fœ›andi);
stand up to, do harm to (e–m) (act violently against, cf. NN 2218C)
v91/8 (of bella inf. after ne máttu; = bella (1)?)
belti n. belt 4/10; a rope passed round the underside of a ship tostrengthen it? (Falk 1912, 14) v499/2
ben f. (n. pl. v219/3) wound v173/7, 67/25, v249/3, v251/4 (gen. pl.
with bœti-ﬁrú›r), v336/3; n. pl. v219/3 (subj. of fn‡stu); í ben
i. e. from wounds v323/4
benfúrr m. ‘wound-fire’, i. e. sword v230/4 (instr. with rjó›ask,
though the last line of this quatrain may be part of the stef, andthus of a different statement; if the word is benfúr n. it might be
the subj. of rjó›ask and bjƒrt might belong with it; cf. Reichardt
1928, 61–3)
bengagl n. ‘wound-gosling, -bird’, i. e. arrow v219/4 (pl., subj. of
gnú›u)
benknúar m. pl. ‘wound-knuckles’, part of a sword-hilt v460/2
bensœgr (or -sægr; but written with ‘ø’ in R) m. sword-name,‘wound-strip’ v455/5 (see note)bera (1) f. she-bear 88/7, v510/2; shield-name (‘that which is carried’?)
v240/1, v471/4. Cf. Berudrápa, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 275
bera (2) (bar) sv. bear, carry v23/4, v29/1, 22/25, v124/1, 40/38,
80/6, v326/3, v327/2 (inf. with kvá›u), v350/2, v352/3, v361/1; b.
e–m take for s–one v250/7; suffer v290/1 (inf. with taka); berum
i. e. I (the poet) carry v145/3, v244/3; pres. bera i. e. have on
them, are adorned with v130/1, v183/5; wear v185/1, v220/4,

Glossary

243v281/1; bear, i. e. be covered with v147/5; deliver 106/30; bringforward, perform, utter v385/3; serve v20/9, v286/4 (subjunc.
after ﬂági var sem); put v93/6, 59/10; pour 48/11; b. á bring to,i. e. use on v333/3; b. af hendi hand over, deliver v303/2; b. frambring out, produce 42/18, 25, 45/24, perform, deliver v207/2 (withsuffixed pron., ‘which I am performing’; clause goes with full, sothat the verb means more literally ‘serve’); b. saman collect,amass v187/3, ponder, compose, plan, make, compile v152/5 (i. e.
comes to wrong conclusions?); b. saman ok hin compare (them)with the others 2/3; pp. borinn born 51/34, 101/19; ﬂeim erum
bornar from them we are descended v167/8; borinn e–u endowed
with, imbued with (carried forward by?) v85/2 (with hersar);impers. e–n berr one is carried, brought (to a place), one gets 25/18
berg n. rock, crag v67/2 (pl., subj. of hristusk), 108/25; in kenningfor mead of poetry, bergs geymilá v28/4
berg-Danir m. pl. rock-Danes, giants v69/7 (gen. with brjótr)
bergjarl m. ‘mountain-earl’, giant, whose bride is a troll-wife v41/2(if bergjarls vindr can mean ‘thought’ on its own without brú›ar,the latter word could be gen. after til; cf. NN 1098)
berg-Mœrir m. pl. Mœrir (inhabitants of Mœrr, Møre in Norway) =people; rock-people = giants; berg-Mœra bára = (the mead of)poetry v30/3
bergrisi m. rock giant, mountain giant v167/7 (gen. pl. with brœ›r),v168/6 (with mær), v182/1 (with brú›r)
berg-Saxar m. pl. ‘rock-Saxons’ = dwarfs; berg-Saxa fley = (themead of) poetry v35/2
berja (bar›i) wv. thrash 20/19; b. grjóti pelt with stones, stone(impers. for pass.) 50/14, pp. bar›ir e–u pelted with s–thing v156/8;
md. fight 72/12, 23, 26; berjask vi› e–n fight s–one 21/7, 48/36
berr (1) a. bare; uncovered, unsheathed 72/20; útan á ﬂá bera on
their bare flesh 50/21
berr (2) m. ram-name (‘beater’?) v507/6
berserkr m. berserk, a warrior who fights in a frenzy 58/30, 35, 59/3
bersi m. ‘(little) bear’, hypocoristic or diminutive of bjƒrn (cf.
bjarki) 75/15, 88/6, v510/1; in kenning for ship, skor›u b. v260/8(subj. of braut)
bestingr m. bear-name, ‘haltered’ (bast: a rope of bast) v510/5
betr adv. better 48/12 (see huga›r); b. væri at it would have been
better if 50/8; sup. bezt v246/4 t. n.; cf. baztr
betri a. comp. better v107/3 (complement of ver›r after né), more
perfect v273/2 (en than); er b. at reyna is better to make trial of,
to deal with v381/4; betri væri would be better 43/7; it betra thebetter, better than (most) others (or adv., ‘if I consider better’?) v15/8

244

Skáldskaparmálbí›a (bei›) sv. with gen. wait for 21/27, v68/8 (at b. inf. with var›atlengi), 72/31; pres. perfect bei› has been waiting for v284/1; withacc. suffer v402/2, v405/3
bi›ill m. suitor, wooer, in kenning for giant, b. Greipar, whose son= ﬁjazi v104/3
bi›ja (ba›, bá›u) sv. ask, beg, pray (e–n e–s e–m s–one for s–thing
for s–one) 1/33, 3/37, v32/3, v99/8, v298/2; láta e–n b. sik gƒngu
let s–one urge one to go v74/4; with acc. and inf. v21/1, v27/1,
v30/4, v95/1, v96/1, v390/3; order, tell (s–one to do s–thing) 4/31,
v20/6 (bæ›a subjunc. after hug›umk), 20/30, 24/31, v100/1, 42/2,
52/12, v213/1; b. e–n with at-clause v161/5; b. e–m konu e-rar to
ask for s–one as wife for s–one 47/30 (til goes with fóru); bi›jae–rar e–m til handa ask for s–one’s hand on s–one’s behalf 49/21
bi›kván f. waiting, i. e. abandoned, wife; b. ﬁri›ja (Ó›inn’s) isJƒr›, i. e. jƒr›, the land of Norway v10/4; the reference is toÓ›inn having apparently abandoned the goddess Jƒr› (on whom
he begot ﬁórr) for Frigg; cf. munlauss. Frank (1978, 187) suggests‘courted woman’ (bi›ja ‘woo’); cf. NN 1911B, 1955.
bifa f. shivering, quavering; narrative? 109/5; image, picture, story(which gives rise to terror?) v71/7 (dat. pl. with fá›a; perhaps bifi
m. or bif (bíf?) n.)
bifask (f›) wv. shake, tremble v89/1
bifgrund f. shaking, undulating ground; Rakna b. = the sea v134/4(subj. of bleikir)
bifkleif f. quivering, moving rock-face or cliff; in kenning for shield,
baugs b. v71/8 (obj. of ﬂá ek)
bifkván f. trembling wife v10/4 t. n.
bifvangr m. quivering land (resting-place); ‡s b. hand v21/3 (dat.
obj. of halda)bígyr›ill m. belt v89/8 (acc. with ni›r í mi›jan)
bil n. moment 25/18
bila (a›) wv. fail 21/13, 42/32, 72/20
bílda f. arrow with a broad flat point v465/5 (Falk 1914, 97)
binda (batt) sv. bind, tie (up) v102/4 (linked by ok with fundu, after
unz; subj. is the gods), 45/16, 47/19; fasten v12/4 (the clause goeswith jar›hljótr); confirm (with dat., by or with s–thing) 45/18; b.
vi› of ships, tie up to (along the coast, i. e. he lines the coast withthem (if far is collective)) v120/1; b. um tie (a cord) round 2/32;
with cord in the dat. 2/33; pp. bound 52/3, v164/8 (with bana,‘find [him] bound’); bundinn e–u i. e. surrounded by, wrappedround by s–thing v311/1 (with grund); pp. as subst. hinn bundni
the bound one 20/6
birki n. birch-trees (collective), birch-wood, in kenning for warriors

Glossary245(Ham›ir and Sƒrli), bláserkjar b. v157/5 (gen. with ennihƒgg ok
eggjar, i. e. caused by)birta (rt) wv. illuminate 40/39
birti n. brightness 41/8
birtingr m. sea-trout v485/3
bíta (beit) sv. bite, cut, pierce 43/9; abs. 4/11, 29, 43/7, v297/1,
v403/1
biti m. cross-beam, transom (Falk 1912, 47–8); in later times behind
the aft-most thwart or rowing bench; this bench itself (LK 156–63);v498/7 (pl.)
bjarg n. crag, rock 4/28, v67/3 (pl., subj. of brustu); in kenning for
giant (Hrungnir), bjarga gætir v68/1; in kenning for giantess ortroll-wife, bjarga Gefn v93/7 (gen. with byrgit‡r, cf. note); bló›eisu
b. axe-head v193/2 (gen. with tveim megin)bjarga (barg) sv. with dat. save, protect v247/2
bjarki m. ‘little bear’, a nickname 58/31 (cf. bersi)
bjartplóga›r a. (pp.) brightly ploughed, i. e. ploughed so as to lookbright, or ploughed with a shining plough; or the rings on the arms
look like shining furrows in a field v186/3 (with brattakr)
bjartr a. bright, shining 1/6, v101/1 (with bor›a), v106/1 (withsól), v230/3 (with fƒt or benfúr, q. v.), v361/2, v378/1,
splendid, resplendent v312/2 (with seggir; perhaps refers to armour;but cf. Háttatal 4/8, where the word is glossed as ‘gla›r’ (4/17))
bjó› n. table, food-board v96/5 (af from off)bjó›a (bau›) sv. invite (e–m at s–one to) 3/27, v32/3 t. n.; offer (atto) 4/18, 42/38; offer (e–m e–t s–one s–thing) 3/37, v227/1, 72/10,
16, with suffixed pron. 72/18; with suffixed neg. bau›a did notoffer v251/1; bau› heim me› sér invited [me] to his home, issued
an invitation to his home v364/2; bu›umk offered me (Noreen
1923, § 465.3) v31/1, was offered (given) to me v148/1; b. e–me–t present s–one with s–thing v216/1 (inf. with hefi ek einrá›it);
instruct, command v209/3 (‘this is what . . . commanded’); b. atsætt say one is willing to accept in atonement 46/32; b. e–m til e–s
invite s–one to s–thing 20/29, 21/4; b. e–m til sín invite s–one tovisit one 3/26, 40/34, 48/33; give notice: bo›it til varnanar taboo
22/31
bjó›r m. offerer, giver (i. e. of the horn being described) v368/3(subj. of nemi)
bjórker n. beer-cup v20/8 (pl.)
bjórr m. beer; hróka b. = blood (see hrókr), to give which to ravens
is to engage in battle v5/3; in kenning for woman, bjórs brík v29/1(here bjórr could be the word which means a piece of cloth, a goreor gusset in clothing, see NN 2925)

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bjórsalr m. beer-hall 5/38
bjúgask (bugusk) sv. md. bend, be bent v249/4
bjúgrendr a. (cf. rƒnd) curved-edged v239/4 (with rít)bjƒ› n. pl. (tract of) land v31/4, v501/7bjƒrg f. help, deliverance, salvation 25/20
bjƒrk f. birch 64/13, v230/3 t. n.; in kenning for woman, hramma
hrynbáls b. v207/4 (gen. with mark)bjƒrn m. bear 75/14, 15 (complement), 88/6, v510/1 and t. n.; inkennings for ship, b. undinna festa v126/1 (obj. of fœrir), b. fló›sv260/5; in v171/5 (acc. pl. bjƒrnu) the word perhaps means ‘bearlike warrior’ (cf. Old English beorn)bla› n. blade, leaf; referring to the shield on which Hrungnir stood
69/24, v237/4 (= the shield given the poet by Ragnarr; obj. ofleyfa). The word is here used with -gróit, so the poet is extending
his metaphor
blájaxl m. ‘dark-tooth’ (jaxl: molar), name for a bear v510/3
blakkleitr a. black- or pale-looking 128/3 t. n.
blakkr m. (black or pale-coloured) horse (see Index); in kennings
for ship, svana strindar b. v128/3, Heita b. v194/3 (gen. withhl‡rskildir); for wolf, flag›s b. v382/2 (cf. Gylf. ch. 49)
blanda (blett, blendu) sv. mix (e–u vi› e–t) 3/22; impers. e–u er
blandit vi› s–thing is mixed in it 49/8; pp. blandinn (having been)
mixed (e–u with s–thing) v155/5 (with brunn), v321/4 (with grœ›ir)
blása (blés) sv. blow 4/30, v95/4 (inf. with hlaut; i. e. blow the fire
(to make it burn hotter), or perhaps ‘puff with rage’, NN 1016),
42/2, 4, 5, 9; with dat. 6/14, v210/4; blow out, belch forth v370/3;
pp. blásinn e–u blown by s–thing v80/8 (with hrƒnn, i. e. theriver)
bláserkr m. ‘dark shirt’, coat of mail, in kenning for warriors,bláserkjar birki v157/5
blástr (dat. blæstri) m. blowing 42/7, 11
blásvartr a. blue-black (of a raven) v336/4 (with Muninn)blau›r a. weak, cowardly, effeminate 106/11
bleikja (kt) wv. bleach, wash 48/9; become white (of the sea, i. e.
with foam) v134/3 (ﬂar may be for ﬂar er, where)
bleikr a. pale, light in colour v256/3 (with fáks)bley›i f. cowardice v93/8 (dat. with vændr); til b. as an excuse forcowardice v251/1
blí›r a. pleasant, cheerful v8/1 t. n.
blik n. gleam 40/31, 67/21
blika f. gleam (in the sky), (bank of) gleaming cloud (or of (buried)
gold?); álfheims bliku undirfjálfr = cave v91/4
bliksól f. gleaming sun, in kenning for sword, bliksólar garmr v335/4

Glossary247(perhaps an error for bar›sólar or bor›sólar, sun of prow or
gunwale, i. e. shield). Bliksól (‘sun of shining metal’) could perhaps
also be a kenning for shield (NN 3102). See note and cf. íssblindr a. blind 19/29, v138/2 (with manni)
bló› n. blood 3/20, 22, 4/2, 14/11, v70/8 (dat. with stokkin), 42/12,
49/8, v155/5 (dat. with blandinn), v173/7 (obj. of skor›u vit),
v219/3 (obj. of fn‡stu), 67/24, v230/3, 87/8, v321/2 (dat. withblandinn), v324/4, 90/26, 28, v336/3, v337/4 (gen. with brá›),v374/4 (instr. with r‡›sk or dat. with fellr, ‘in blood’, NN 896),
v400/2 (obj. of fekk), v402/1, v403/2, v404/4 (instr. with litar);
Ymis b. = sea (see Gylf. ch. 8 and Grímnismál 40) 36/24, v123/2
bló›eisa f. blood-ember, i. e. (gold-adorned) axe v193/1 (gen. withbjargs)bló›hnefi m. ‘blood-fist’, name for (part of) sword-hilt v460/6
bló›i m. poetical word for brother (‘blood-brother’) 107/17, v446/4;
Meila b. = ﬁórr (dat. of respect or gen. with mó›r) v108/3
bló›i›a f. ‘blood-eddy’, patterning on sword-blade v460/4
bló›leika f. ‘blood-player’, ‘that which is splashed in blood’, coat of
mail v474/5
bló›orri m. ‘blood-grouse’, kenning for raven or eagle v333/1 (acc.
with lætr, subj. of fagna; or gen. with barri, making a kenning for
carrion, if ara is acc.)
bló›refill m. ‘blood-stick’, sword-point v460/3 (cf. Refill in Index;
Hines 1995, 94–5)
bló›vaka f. ‘blood-wakener’, name for the point of a sword v460/5
bló›varp n. ‘blood-warp’, patterning (pattern-welding, as if woven?)
on a sword-blade v460/3
bló›varta f. ‘blood-strip’, a strip of patterning on the sword-blade
v460/1 (cf. ÁBM under varta (2))
blómr m. bear-name, ‘snorer’ or ‘mighty one’ 88/7, v510/1. Cf. bólmr
blót n. (heathen ritual) sacrifice, sacrificial feast 101/11
blóta (blét or a›) sv., wv. worship, sacrifice to 60/11; b. til offer asacrifice to obtain, in order to be granted 101/11; 1st sg. pres. blót
v15/1 (weak form blóta UB)—or read blœt (cf. Noreen 1923, §530 n. 1; Introduction p. liii)
blotama›r m. weak, soft person 106/12
blótfé n. money, wealth offered in sacrifice 60/12
blunda (a›) wv. doze; pres. p. with eyes (half-) closed 45/6
blæjuhvalr m. a kind of whale, perhaps right whale or nordcaperv489/8 (or maybe the same as blökuhvalur, see JG 36, = stökkull,a dolphin or a fabulous whale according to Blondal 1920–24;
see note to verses 489–90)
blær m. sword-name, ‘bright’ or ‘bleater’ v458/6; ram-name v507/9

248

Skáldskaparmálblæstri see blástrblƒnduskáld n. (nickname) ‘poet of “blanda”’ (perhaps a name or
nickname of s–one about whom ﬁorvaldr composed; see Finnur
Jónsson 1920–24, II 72) 11/20, 62/27, 80/16
bo› n. invitation 21/5; request 58/26
bo›i m. (1) submerged rock, shoal 3/28; breaker, sea breaking overrocks 96/15, v364/1, v478/7
bo›i m. (2) messenger, herald v250/4 t. n. (ve›rbo›i storm- (i. e. ofbattle) messenger, i. e. warrior (‘offerer of battle’), He›inn, see notebogi m. bow 19/32, v240/2, 71/15, v467/1 and t. n.; in kenning forarrows, bogna hagl v247/1, for battle, ﬂat ve›r boga v250/4 (cf. note)bóglína (bog- ?) f. ‘bowline’, a rope from the middle of the forward
edge of the sail to the bow or prow of the ship to hold the edge ofthe sail steady when sailing across or into the wind (perhaps the‘bow’ is the curved part of the sail rather than the bow of the ship)
LK 209, 211, Falk 1912, 65–6; v498/7
bognau›(r) f. ‘bow-compeller’, kenning for arm 108/38
bognir m. shield-name (‘bowed’) v469/3
bógr m. shoulder 1/28; pl. of a ship, bows v124/4 (obj. of berr)
bók f. book 5/28, 32
bokkr m. billy-goat, buck v508/6
ból n. lair 46/18, 47/18, 21; dwelling; skipa hlí›ar b. dwelling of thewave, i. e. the sea v133/8 (obj. of rístr). Kock, NN 573, takes
Amló›a b. = sea and skipa hlí›ar lyngs with lí›meldrboli m. bull 90/13, v505/7
bólmr m. ‘sleeper, snorer’ or ‘fierce one, mighty one’, name for abear (cf. blómr); in kenning for giant (Hrungnir) fjálfrs gjálfra b.,
bear of the mountain refuge v69/4 (obj. of lét falla)
bóndi (pl. bœndr) m. farmer, householder, freeholder 106/5 (cf. búandi)bora (a›) wv. bore (a hole in) 4/28
bor› n. (1) gunwale (of a boat), ship’s side 6/1, 108/17 (Falk 1912,54); út at bor›i out to (onto) the side of the boat v47/3; fyrir bor›iover the gunwale v210/2; pl. of the ship’s boards in general (orthe gunwales? cf. fyrir ofan sjó) v365/2 (obj. of braut). (2) shieldv246/4 (in kenning for spear, snake of the shield; gen. with myrkdreki);in kenning for giants, bjartra bor›a byggvendr, dwellers on brightshields (cf. Hrungnir in ch. 17) v101/1. (3) board, in kenning forshield, naglfara b. v401/3 (gen. with or›a aflgjƒr›, see note),hlífar har›gleipnis b. v83/3 (gen. with dyn)bor›heimr m. ‘board-, plank-, gunwale-world’, land of ships, thesea v354/2 (obj. of nemr)bor›i m. ‘boarded’, shield-name v470/6
bor›ker n. goblet 49/6, 8

Glossary249

bor›róinn a. ‘side-rowed’, with oars at the side v51/1 (with bar›a)(cf. Perkins 1984–5, 210–11)bor›sól see bliksólborg f. fortification 2/19; funeral pyre v63/1; stronghold (or funeralpyre?): Beita b. = the sea v136/1 (gen. with bál-); city v177/2,
v378/4 (gen. with virki, see note)borgarveggr m. wall of fortification 2/19
borginmó›i m. ‘one secure in mood’, haughty, self-confident one,name for a raven 91/3, v337/3 (subj. of fekk, collective)
borkn (or bƒrkn) f. she-wolf (‘barker’) v515/3
bót f. improvement; pl. bœtr alleviation, consolation v15/7; amends,
compensation; at bótum to make amends 72/17
botn m. bottom, base 35/21; élkers b. the earth v111/2; end (of abay), vi› hafs botni on the inside of a bay v120/4; in kenning forshield, randar b. v158/2 (after á, (which is depicted) on)
brá f. eyelash; gen. pl. brá (cf. note to verse 143) in kennings forgold, Freyja’s brá driptir v147/8, 44/27, for eye(s), tungl brá
v86/4, 108/12, for forehead, brá vƒllr v143/2 (could be a compoundbut the metre requires bráa, see note; vallar is gen. with fallsól);of an axe, the curved edge (?): vi› b. fjƒrnis Grí›ar by the browof the axe-head v245/2 (with liggja)brá› f. meat, food; b. bló›s food (consisting) of blood, a portion ofblood v337/3 (obj. of fekk)
brá›r a. quick, fast (e–u or at e–u in s–thing; cf. note) v254/8 (withmar); n. as adv. brátt soon 2/6, swiftly v68/1, v378/1 t. n.
brag› n. sudden movement; af brag›i all of a sudden, soon v177/6
brag›mildr a. liberal with activity, prone to swift action v76/6(with bƒlkveitir, i. e. ﬁórr)brag›víss a. clever at tricks, cunning v96/6 (with ósvifrandi)bragnar m. pl. (of a common noun *bragi, cf. Bragi and Bragnar inIndex) men 105/23, v440/1; bragna fall i. e. battle v275/2; chieftains
v384/4 (gen. with hæstr) (cf. bragr m. chief and skeggbragi; noteÁsabragr in Index)
bragningr m. ruler (lit. descendant of a chieftain?) (Haraldr har›rá›i)v333/2, (Haraldr hárfagri) v402/1
bragr m. poetry, poem v38/4 (phrase belongs with ugg), 19/21,
83/14, v369/2; b. sinn a poem about himself v395/4 (gen. withupphaf—or with háttu; síns must refer to jƒfurr); at brag ﬂeima inthis poem v112/2 (cf. kve›ja); in kenning for poet, hagsmi›rbragar v300b/7; bragar st‡rir i. e. the poet (the recipient of theaxe) v183/8 (obj. of d‡rkar) (cf. Bragi (1) and (2) and Ásabragr inIndex; de Vries 1964–67, I 32)
bragvísi f. cunning, subtlety 109/10 (see note and cf. brag›víss)250

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brak n. crash, crack 109/8
brak-Rƒgnir m. ‘crash-Rƒgnir’, in kenning for warrior (Earl Hákon),hjƒrs b., R. of the sword-crash, i. e. of battle v247/1 (see Rƒgnir
in Index)brálla (i. e. brá›la) adv. quickly v364/1
brandr (1) m. one of a pair of carved ornamental strips of woodalong the sides of a ship’s prow (or stern?) (Falk 1912, 44; Sheteligand Falk 1937, 359) v498/6; fyrir brandi in front of, over the
prow, i. e. ahead v124/2; stefknarrar brandar the (ornamented)
prow of the refrain-ship, i. e. the beginning of the poem v203/4(obj. of hefi skafna)brandr (2) m. blade, sword v173/8 (collective), v454/2, v460/7; inkenning for battle, ﬂruma branda v384/2
brandr (3) m. firebrand; in kenning for gold, b. gjálfrs v147/3
brattakr m. steep field; in kenning for men’s arms, the restingplaces of rings, b. bauga v186/4 (acc. with sær)brattr a. steep (with brautar) v45/1; cf. v378/1 t. n.
braut f. road, way v73/6 (acc. with kva› liggja), 108/39; in kennings
for sea: wave’s road v17/2 (gen. with salar), bar›a b. v51/2 (gen.
with hringr, constituting a kenning for the Midgard serpent),
36/28, Gautreks svana b. v149/8 (gen. with gló›um); in kenningfor Midgard serpent, brattrar brautar (i. e. of the cliffs, shore? orof the heaving sea?) baugr v45/1; braut, á b., í b. as adv. away
2/5, 6/29, 42/8, 45/33, 46/13, 18; koma b. escape 6/27
brautarli› n. ‘help on the way’, support v90/7 (gen. with fall).
Reichardt (1969, 215) takes fall brautarli›s to mean ‘death of a
supporter, companion (sc. ﬁjálfi)’
breg›a (brá) sv. with dat. move; bring (so as to touch) 4/14; put
46/25; change 2/14, i. e. put an end to v335/3 (the raven puts an
end to its trouble by finding food); move, scatter, destroy, i. e.
distribute v199/3; draw (a sword) 47/23; b. vi›(r) respond, react
in response to s–thing, flinch v47/1 (or impers., ‘come about’; seenote), act against, compete with (see rá›gegninn and cf. NN 420)v64/1; impers. hvert jƒfri brá in what direction the prince developedor whom the prince took after v294/2, er of alla brá who surpassed
everyone v295/2; md. change o–self, turn 4/33, 46/18; breg›askvi› jerk away in response to 1/30
brei›leitr a. broad-faced, i. e. extensive of surface v119/1 (withbrú›i, sc. the land of Norway)
brei›r a. broad (with distance in gen.) 21/20, v77/6 (with veg, i. e.
the river), v96/5; extensive v311/2 (with grund), v410/2 (fyrir hin
brei›u lƒnd; with helztu); of planks of a boat v47/2 (with s‡jur);of a giant’s head, huge v89/2 (with hƒf›i)Glossary251

brei›vegi m. bear-name, ‘broad-fighter, -killer’ v510/4
breki m. breaker, surf, wave breaking over rocks 96/19, v365/1, v476/3
brekka f. slope v3/4 (phrase goes with ganga), 109/19, v502/4
brenna (1) (nd) wv. burn (trans.) v177/7 (with herr mun, parallelwith koma); cremate 48/29, v372/1; sá er brendr var with which
was consumed 6/22
brenna (2), brinna (brann) sv. burn (intrans.), be burned 6/26,
v66/4 (inf. with knáttu), v104/2 (inf. with hófu), 46/36, 49/14,
v155/5 t. n., v177/1 (inf. with sé ek), 59/10, 16, v374/3, v375/1;
with suffixed neg. brennat v370/1
bresta (brast) sv. crash 22/2, v229/1 (á onto), v249/2 (í into; after
er, when); burst apart v67/3, v106/3; break, of waves v126/2; b.
sundr be shattered v239/2
brestr m. crack (sound) 25/25
breyta (tt) wv. with dat. vary, change 5/9; impers. pass. 44/26, 67/28
breytir m. provider v12/3 (obj. of eykr; b. díafjar›ar (of poetry) is
the poet, Kormakr)
brig› f. change(ableness) 109/11 t. n.
brig›ir m. sword-name, ‘wielder, drawer’ or ‘breaker of trust, betrayer,
deceiver, failer’ v455/5, v458/5
brig›ræ›i n. fickleness, betrayal 109/11
brík f. plank; in kenning for woman, equivalent to a tree-name:bjórs b. v29/2 (gen. with lík; parallel to mitt)brim n. surf, breakers v302/4, v346/2 (subj. of vaskar), v355/2 (obj.
of vexti), v476/4; in kenning for poetry, Alfƒ›ur hrosta brim v1/4
(subject of ﬂ‡tr), v27/4 (obj. of heyra á)
brími m. poetical word for fire 98/23, v378/1
brimlog n. ‘surf-, sea-flame’, gold v352/3 (gen. with r‡ri)
brimsló› f. ‘surf-track’, route across surf; pl. i. e. the sea v372/2(obj. of ó›u; see under va›a)brimsólginn a. ‘surf-greedy’, eager to make surf, rough v357 n.
(with Kólga)brinna see brenna
brjónar m. pl. men v443/9
brjóst n. breast 108/24, 25; i. e. the front of a ship v127/4 (obj. ofslítr), v354/1 (instr.); greipar b. i. e. the palm of the hand v88/8
brjóta (braut) sv. break (af off) v57/1, v58/2, 22/27, 25/26, v86/5,
v171/6, v260/7 (the sea conceived as a fetter); b. bág á open
hostilities against v76/5 (inf. with vildi); abs. cause destruction
v378/2; impers. braut e–t s–thing was broken v365/1; b. uppi áwash up against 25/6; pres. p. in kenning for warrior (St Óláfr),brjótandi gunnar gulls v196/2 (see note; gen. with gó›mennis);md. brjótask vi› strive against, fight against v204/4 (inf. with munt)

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brjótr m. breaker 39/14, 62/14; destroyer, in kenning for ﬁórr, bergDana b. v69/8 (subj. of bag›i)
broddr m. point; arrow v465/6; arrow or spear, in kenning forbattle, brodda fer› v239/3
bró›ir (pl. brœ›r) m. brother v15/2, v44/1, v152/8 (obj. of hefna;
his, i. e. Reginn’s, brother), v164/7 (gen. with bana), v167/7(understand váru), v180/7 (hennar sonr ok (hennar) bró›ir complementof heitinn ver›a), v446/3; dat. (sg.) of comparison brœ›r (afterœ›ri né betri) v107/4 (brother of Ingi = Sigur›r munnr), (withœ›ra) v398 n. (Sveinn’s brother = St Knútr); Meila b. = ﬁórr (dat.
of respect or gen. with mó›r) v65/7
bró›urbani m. one’s brother’s killer 52/3
bró›urgjƒld n. pl. payment in requital for death of a brother 46/8
bró›urson(r) m. nephew 3/35, v295/4
brosma f. cusk, torsk v485/2 (= keila)brotna (a›) wv. break (intrans.; sundr: apart, in two) 21/39
brotningr m. sword-name, ‘broken’ or (?) ‘breaker’ v457/5
brú f. bridge v307/4 (comparison of the poem with a bridge; linking
the earl with his ancestors?); gunnveggjar brú ‘shield-wall bridge’,shield?—perhaps the one that is the subject of the poem v92/2(perhaps dat. with at gjƒldum, as payment for the shield? cf.
note); in kenning for shield (cf. 21/35), á fjalla Finns ilja brú
minni on my shield (the gift being described in the poem) v104/6
brú›fƒr f. bridal party, the journey to fetch the bride home 105/28
brú›laup n. wedding, marriage 48/1
bru›r (brunnr) m. spring, well v241/4, v477/7; pool, font v267/2;
pool (of spilt drink?) v155/6 (acc. after í)
brú›r f. bride, consort 35/20, 44/24 (cf. Vanabrú›r in Index), 107/29,
v438/1; in kennings for troll-wife, bergjarls b. v41/1 (gen. withvind; Kock, NN 1098, takes it straighforwardly with til, ‘to a (the)woman’, after senda; see under bergjarl), sef-Grímnis mága b.
v76/7 (dat. sg. with brjóta bág á, i. e. Gjálp); for Jƒr›, i. e. theland of Norway (cf. 35/20), b. Báleygs v119/1; níu skerja brú›ir= Ægir’s daughters, the waves v133/4, see note (acc. with kve›a,subj. of hrœra); bergrisa b. giantess (either Fenja or Menja) v182/2
bruma›r a. (pp.) budded, having buds (with (rœki)lundr, ‘grove’, inkenning for war-leader); b. hári budded with hair, i. e. having hairfor buds or foliage v212/4
brún f. (eye-)brow 108/7, 12
bruna (a›) wv. rush forward v233 n.
brunn- see bru›r
brúnn a. sharp, keen (of weather or wind) v352/4
brúsi m. goat-name, ‘tufted’ v508/5

Glossary253

br‡na (d) wv. sharpen, hone 4/9, 10
brynja f. mail-coat 2/24, 47/23, 49/36, 58/37, 67/18, v215/2 (subj.
of kvaddi, or obj. if emended to brynju as in ACUT), v474/1 andt. n.; in kennings for warriors, vi›ir brynju v228/2, for sword,
brynju eldr 70/24, hryneldr brynju v243/2, for arrows, brynju
hagl v249/3, for axe, Hve›ra brynju v254/2
br‡nn a. sharp, keen; n. as adv. swiftly v261/3
bræ›a (dd) wv. (1) (paint with) tar v357 n. (pp. with hl‡r). (2)impers. with acc. melt v194/8 (inf. with má: the silver (snow) cannever be melted before the fire of gold (which is not hot))bræ›i f. hastiness, wrath v76/7 (dat. with vændr)brœ›ralag n. (sworn) brotherhood 47/29
brœkr f. pl. breeches 109/1
bú n. dwelling 2/5
búa (bjó, bjoggu) sv. (1) prepare; búum let us get ready or we are(I am) getting ready v262/3; with suffixed 2nd pers. pron. bjóttu,you fitted out, set out with v353/1; b. fram bring out v46/1; b. tilplot v164/3; búinn til heimfer›ar about to return home 40/33; md.
get ready (til for) 49/35, 72/14; pp. búinn ready 72/12; svá búit
how matters stood, how it had turned out 59/4; adorned, ornamented(e–u with s–thing) v361/3 (with munni). (2) live, dwell 45/10
búandi m. householder, farmer 45/10, 12, 80/8, 106/7; husband
48/12, 107/35, 108/5 (cf. bóndi)bú› f. dwelling; in kenning for sea, ƒggs b. v45/4 (subj. of œstisk)bu›lungr m. prince, king v177/8 (Fró›i), v403/1 (King Eysteinn);bu›lunga máli = ‘speech-friend of kings’, royal counsellor, king’s
officer or earl (unidentified, unless it means the poet) v289/2(subj. of lætr)bugusk see bjúgask
buklari m. buckler (a small round shield) v469/4
búlauss a. without an establishment, not being a householder, notsettled down 106/2
búlda f. ‘bulger’; chubby-faced woman; axe v463/7
búlkastokkr m. the part of the rib that lies in the bottom of the boat;
bulk-head (bunkastokkur LK 142, 145); beam across the bottomof the ship to provide support for the cargo and to partition it off(Falk 1912, 30); v498/8
búna›r m. adornment 40/22
bunungr m. a kind of whale (v. l. (T) búrungr m., perhaps = búrhvalr
m. sperm whale; see note to verses 489–90) v489/7
bur›r m. birth; the one born; offspring, son: Yrsu b. = Hrólfr kraki,
in kenning for gold v186/1 (gen. with ƒr›)búrhvalr m. see k‡rhvalr and bunungr

254

Skáldskaparmálburr m. son v429/1, v446/5; Ó›ins b. = ﬁórr v70/6 (gen. with hausi);
b. Bors = Ó›inn v26/3 (gen. with mi›i); Njar›ar b. = Freyr v62/6(in apposition with Frey); Billings b. = a dwarf or giant, in kenningfor poetry v207/3; hennar burr ok bró›ir her son and her brother(i. e. Yrsa’s) v180/7 (complement of heitinn ver›a; sá = Yrsu sonr)
burst f. bristle(s) 42/6, 30
búss m. box (tree) 65/15
bust f. a kind of fish, perhaps a perch v485/4
búza f. a large ship, usually a merchantman (Falk 1912, 110–11) v492/1
byg(g)› f. abode 47/21, dwelling v370/2
byg›i n. part of a ship (‘frame’?) v499/1 (v. l. (AC) byr›i n. planking,ship’s sides)
byggja, byggva (g›) wv. inhabit, live on v61/4 (inf. with vildi);pres. p. byggvandi inhabiter 19/28; byggvendr bjartra bor›a, inhabitantsof (those who dwell on, stand on) bright shields, giants (cf. Hrungnir
in ch. 17) v101/2 (subj. of ur›ut) (cf. next)
byggvi-Áss m. inhabiting Áss, Áss who inhabits (with gen.) 19/24
bylgja f. billow, wave 95/18, v359/2 (obj. of skáru›). Cf. Index
byr›ingr m. coaster, ship for transporting heavy cargo (especiallydriftwood; with high sides, cf. Foote and Wilson 1970, 236; Falk
1912, 111–12; LK 91) v492/1
byr›r f. load 2/18, burden 33/24, 47/21, 108/7 (parallel to erfi›i)
byrgi n. fortification; bƒ›var b. = shield v28/3 (gen. with sorgar)
byrgit‡r m. ‘refuge-god’, in kenning for giant (ﬁjazi), bjarga [Gefnar]b. god of the refuge of the rock-Gefn (giantess; see note and cf.
Gefn in Index), cave(-dwelling) god v93/7 (subj. of vara vændr)byrja (a›) wv. begin; b. fer› sína set out 59/5; bring forward,
provide (e–m for s–one) v318/1
byrr m. (fair) wind, sailing wind 36/29 (gen. with land), 42/23,
90/17; in kennings for ships v6/1, v10/3 (with viggjar), byrjardrƒslar v250/7; háfmarkar b. = current of the river v78/2 (with fyrir)
byrsendir m. ‘wind-sender’, giant (cf. Gylf. ch. 18) v366/2 (hereHymir; subj. of vildit)
byrstr a. bristled; gulli b. with bristles of gold v63/4 (ok gulli
byrstum clearly refers to bƒrg: ‘which also had gold bristles’?
U has enum gulli bysta, ‘the gold-bristled’)bæ›i conj. both v41/1 (links vind and skip, objects of á ek), v193/1(links snær and eldr, subjects of liggr), v259/6 (links Kƒrmt andAg›ir)
bægja (g›) wv. strive against, oppose; b. (fram) vi› ægi i. e. sailboldly (forward) v282/4 (inf. with ﬂraut), v344/4
bœn f. prayer (fyrir e–m vi› e–n for s–one to s–one) v275/1
bœr m. dwelling, farm 45/9, 107/25; town v177/7 (obj. of brenna)Glossary255

bœti-ﬁrú›r f. ‘curing ﬁrú›r’, in kenning for Hildr (2), sú b. dreyrugra
benja, this ﬁrú›r who is a curer of bloody wounds v251/2 (subj.
of bau›a; cf. 72/25). Cf. ósk-Ránbœtr see bótbƒ› n. battle v107/3 (gen. with hvatr); in kenning for shield, bƒ›var
byrgi v28/3
bƒ›fró›r a. experienced in battle, battle-skilled v63/2 (with Freyr)bƒ›fœra f. ‘battle-bringer’, coat of mail v474/4 (v. l. bƒ›fara f. thatwhich moves in battle, bló›fara f. ‘blood-goer’)bƒ›gœ›ir m. battle-enhancer, -promoter, i. e. Ó›inn, in kenning for(the mead of) poetry, bƒ›gœ›is ógnstƒ›var ægir v216/1
bƒ›ljós n. ‘battle-light’, shield-name v470/3
bƒ›sk‡lir m. ‘battle-protection’, shield-name v470/4bƒ›œgja (g›) wv. ‘battle-terrify’ v216/1 t. n.
bƒl n. evil, trouble, mischief, (source of) grief v15/7, 20/5, v164/3;
dúks b. sail’s troubler, i. e. the wind v134/3 (subj. of hrindr);
malice v250/6 (gen. with fylda), 108/32; arrow-name v465/5; inkenning for troll-wife, élsólar b. v300a/4
bƒlkveitir m. ‘trouble-overcomer’, in kenning for ﬁórr, b. Loka,
Loki’s supporter v76/5
bƒlvasmi›r m. forger, maker of mischiefs v152/7 (i. e. Reginn)bƒlver›ung f. evil(-causing) troop, following, in kenning for giants,
b. Belja v69/3 (gen. with fjƒrspillir)bƒnd n. pl. bonds, a term for the heathen gods v68/2, 84/19, v304/1(gen. with mun); in kenning for giants, b. setbergs v268/4 (gen.
with lƒndum; i. e. heathen lands); cf. bandbƒrgr m. (castrated) boar, barrow v63/1, v513/4
bƒrkn see borknbƒrr m. conifer 65/28; in kennings for warrior, sword-tree, gunnvitagƒtu gráps leygs b. v200/2 (acc. after of), b. hjƒrva v216/2 (i. e.
ﬁorsteinn? or the poet? or some other person?—see rá›a); forman, b. hólmfjƒturs lei›ar (Knútr inn ríki) v311/1, hellis hyrjar b.
v65/3 (vocative, i. e. ﬁorleifr?—see notes to verses 65–71 and 65/3)
bƒsl f. arrow-name, ‘twig’? v465/5
dá› f. deed, achievement v9/4; valour, valorous action, s–thing
daring v140/3 (obj. of dr‡gja)dá›askáld n. ‘poet of deeds (exploits)’ (he composed about thedeeds of Earl Eiríkr) 76/7, 84/20
daga (a›) wv. impers. it dawns, day comes 72/29
dagr m. day, dawn v20/2, v113/2 (gen. with grundar); d. . . . sá erthat day when v234/1, 90/2; sí› um dag late in the day v265/2.
Cf. Index

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Skáldskaparmál

dalarr m. ‘with curved antlers’, ‘having (antlers with) many curves’,
name for a stag 88/8
dalmiskunn f. in kenning for summer, d. fiska, i. e. miskunn dalfiska,mercy or grace of valley-fish, i. e. of snakes; the warm weather
makes them happy v140/4
dalnau›(r) f. bow’s necessity, bow-forcer, i. e. arm; in kenning forsilver (or gold?), svell dalnau›ar v189/4
dalr m. (1) valley 1/18, v502/5. (2) name for a stag (‘curved’ (ofhorns)) 88/8. (3) bow v467/1
dalrey›r m. ‘valley-trout or -whale’, i. e. snake; in kenning forgold, dalrey›ar látr v145/4
danskr a. Danish v400/2; = Scandinavian 52/1, 80/3 (see Dƒnsk
tunga in Index)
dapr (n. daprt) a. sad, dull v174/8
darr n. (throwing-) spear v403/2, v464/1
darrlatr a. spear-reluctant, spear-shy, unwarlike v122/2 (with dási)
dási m. lazy, useless person, wretch v122/1 (subj. of hefir; king ofAfrica), 106/13
dau›i m. death v387/2 (gen. with au›it)dau›r a. dead 6/19, 50/15, 72/25; as he lay dead 58/34; stíga yfir,
standa of e–n dau›an i. e. cause s–one’s death 6/16, v57/4; dau›s
adv. gen. (of the noun dau›r?) when dead or gen. with the noun
implicit in mitt v29/3 (Kock, NN 898, takes it with drykk Dvalinsas ‘poem of (i. e. for) the dead person’; Ólafur Halldórsson (1969,
154–5) takes the word as ofljóst for Dáins, dwarf’s, with drykkr =poetry, Dvalins with salr, see Dvalinn in Index)
degi dat. of dagr m. 90/2
deila (d) wv. deal out, share out (sér to him) v95/2 (inf. with ba›),(me› among) v96/4 (inf. with ba›); d. vi› e–n dispute, contend
with s–one 19/15
deyja (dó) sv. die 3/2, v58/6, 49/3
díafjƒr›r m. ‘fiord of the gods’, (the mead of) poetry v12/2 (gen.
with breyti), v308/2
díar m. pl. gods (loan-word from Old Irish) 85/8
digni m. ox-name, ‘stout’ v504/3
digulfarmr m. crucible-cargo, i. e. gold (obj. of kastar; i. e. he puts
rings on their arms) v191/4
digull m. crucible 61/13
digulskafl m. crucible-snowdrift, i. e. silver; of hvítum digulskafli
upon the white silver (after ﬂrymr), i. e. gold is piled upon silver(‘fire on snow’) by the king’s generosity v194/4
díki n. ditch v477/5
dirokkr m. worthless person 106/13

Glossary257

dís f. lady (usually supernatural, a female deity) 30/14; pl. dísir thenorns or valkyries v68/4, 40/25; as a poetical word for sister108/4; for woman, or the name of a norn?—it is not clear whether
this line belongs with the previous one or with what follows v437/3(acc. sg.); in kenning for woman, Draupnis drógar d. (vocative)
v109/2, for valkyrie, d. dreyra mens v337/1 (gen. with dynfúsir);for I›unn, go›a d. or Brunnakrs bekkjar d. v100/6 (obj. of of kom)dísarskáld n. ‘lady’s poet’, though dís usually refers to a supernatural female figure; possibly ﬁorbjƒrn composed about Freyja(cf. 30/14) 16/8, 17/19
djúp n. deep v477/3; as first half of compound djúpfall n. deep-fall,that which falls (flows) deeply (in the mountains), river-gorge(river-torrent?) v82/1 (dat. with vi›, at, in opposition to, facing;
Kock, NN 454, takes the compound as djúpakarn, see note)djúphuga›r a. deep-minded (who keeps his thoughts hidden?) v97/5(with hir›it‡r)dólg n. hostility v450/3; in kenning for the mill Grotti, dólgs sjƒtull
that which quietens warfare, creator of peace (cf. 52/12 and v163–4)
v174/7; for the heart, dólgs akarn v82/2; as first part of compoundseparated by tmesis, dólgfer› hostile troop v84/2 (subj. of dreif;cf. note)dólgljós n. hostility-light, light of battle, kenning for sword v122/1(gen. with skyndir)
dólgr m. enemy 14/28, 29, 17/29, 19/10, 24, 27, 30, 20/4, 107/22; inkennings for Freyr, Belja d. 18/22, v61/3 (gen. with útrƒst, cf.
note), for ﬁórr, jƒtna d. v117/2 (gen. with mó›ur), for Hrungnir, d.
manna v67/2 (obj. of ﬂyrm›it), for ﬁjazi, d. vallar v97/6 (obj. ofdræpi)
dólgskári m. ‘hostility-, battle-gull’ (skári = a young seagull), i. e.
eagle or raven v335/1 (gen. with magnandi)
dómandi (pl. -endr) m. judge 1/8 (though it is not clear what they
are judges of here; see note and cf. 42/19–20)
dómari m. judge 80/5
dómr m. judgment, decision 42/36, 79/32
dómstóll m. judgment seat 42/19
dorg f. fishing-tackle 36/29; in kenning for sea, dorgar dynstrƒnd
v129/1
dóttir (pl. dœtr) f. daughter 25/26, 25/27 n. (line 5 of verse), 108/4,
30, v435/7; in kenning for waves, Ægis dœtr (obj. (or subj.? NN
2989H) of ófu ok teyg›u) v125/2; Njar›ar d. = Freyja v148/1(gen. with ﬂví barni, i. e. Hnoss (or Gersimi), the precious gift); d.
Vanabrú›ar = Hnoss, the precious weapon v149/4 (obj. of gaf mér)draga (dró) sv. draw 6/1, 6, (a sword) 48/2, 72/18; pull v66/6 (fram258

Skáldskaparmál

at forward to), 90/1, 2; fish up 63/13; drag, move (or perhaps‘turn’, cf. v174/7) 52/8; drag (round) v174/7; make, cause (bypulling) 2/16 (impers.?); dregit af (it was) derived from 105/30; d.
fram get out, take out 4/27, 46/1; d. und sik extend one’s powerover v304/1
dragreip n. halyard, rope to raise the yard and sail to the top of themast v500/1 (Falk 1912, 62; LK 207–8)
dramb n. pomp, haughtiness, arrogance 107/31
drápa f. a formally constructed poem (usually with a stef or refrains)
50/28, 72/32
drasill (pl. drƒslar) m. horse, in kennings for ship(s), d. skor›uv354/2 (subj. of nemr), byrjar drƒslar v250/7 (gen. with bar til)(cf. Drƒsull in Index)
draugr m. trunk (of a tree), in kenning for warrior (Hƒgni), ørlygis
d. v250/8 (dat. with bar, to or for; perhaps with til byrjar drƒsla,to Hƒgni on his ships, to H.’s ships; cf. NN 2205D)
draum-Njƒrun f. ‘dream-Njƒrun’, goddess of dreams, kenning fornight v380/6
draumr m. dream v20/1 (gen. pl. with hvat: ‘what sort of dream. . .’), v154/4 (with vi› illan), v206/4 (e–s of, about s–one; allir
draumar subj. of hafa logit at mér)dregg f. yeast; dreggjar brim = mead; mead of dwarfs (or giants) =the mead of poetry v27/4
dreki m. dragon 90/10; dragon ship, large warship with dragon headon the prow (and also, sometimes, the stern) v494/3 (Falk 1912,
39–42, 105–7); engraved image of a dragon v245/4 (subj. of liggja)
drekka (1) (drakk) sv. drink 4/36, 20/31, 35, v323/4, v336/3, v340/1,
v400/1; er drekka skyldi when drinking was about to take place
1/5; ok mjƒk drukkit and a great deal (was) drunk 1/13; hverr er af
drekkr whoever drinks from which 3/23; pp. drukkinn drunk 20/32
drekka (2) f. drink 4/2; in kenning for poison, Vƒlsunga d. v153/4(gen. with hrøkkviáll, i. e. the Midgard serpent)
drengr m. (1) a young man 106/2 (complement); servant 106/3, 4;
manly man 106/5, v439/4; fine fellow 106/19; man, warrior, comrade(refers to the poet (Haraldr har›rá›i) and his men) v261/4 (dat. pl.
drengjum), v262/2 (subj. of getr), v263/2. (2) a rope band (perhaps
to attach the beitiáss to the lower corner of the sail, Falk 1912, 61;or possibly a guy-rope? or a post?) v500/1
drepa (drap) sv. strike v97/5; kill 2/22, 3/20, 6/3, v58/3 (withsuffixed pron. -tu, 41/2, 45/14; d. e–n til e–s kill s–one for s–thing
46/10, 13; with dat. put s–thing, insert 46/36; d. sér á launcho–self into v401/1; d. e–m stall quail, fail in s–one (of the heart)v82/1; md. kill one another 4/17; pp. as subst. the slain one 6/5

Glossary259

dreyra (›) wv. impers. bleed (of a wound); láta d. e–m cause bleedingin s–one, cause s–one to bleed v58/4
dreyrfár a. blood-stained, bloody v154/3 (acc. pl. (= -fáar, see note
to verse 143) with dróttir)
dreyri m. blood, gore; in kenning for (mead of) poetry, Kvasis d.
11/26, v27/2 (obj. of heyr); in kenning for sword, dreyra men
v337/2 (gen. with dísar); for water, i. e. the river Vimur, d. himintƒrgu
vers, blood of the sky (Frí›ar frumseyris fljó›a of, i. e. flowing
from, the two giantesses) v76/4 (gen. with kom til)
dreyrugr a. bloody v90/2, v251/4 (with benja)
drífa (1) f. snowfall, driving snow 67/27; in kennings for battle,
Hárs d. v214/2 (gen. with askr), Hlakkar d. v221/3; arrow-namev465/3
drífa (2) (dreif) sv. drive (intrans.); be driven, surge v84/1, v129/1,
v355/3 (impers.?); d. á hæla e–m i. e. be in s–one’s (eager) following
v284/2; impers. with dat. s–thing is driven, drives, flies v222/4(after ﬂar er); pres. p. as name for the sky, ‘sprinkler, drifter’
85/18; for the sun, driver, fast-goer v517/7; pp. drifinn e–u soakedin, covered with (decked, clothed with) s–thing v149/7 (withmey), v244/4 (with ís); cf. v320/2 t. n.
drima f. battle v450/4
dript f. snow, rain; i. e. tears, in kenning for gold: Hnoss’s mother’sbrá driptir v147/8 (obj. of berr)
dritro›i m. name for a boar (= v. l. (AB) drittro›i, ‘dirt-treader’?)v513/6
drjóni m. boor, churl; name for an ox v503/3
drjúgr a. persistent, unmitigated, proficient, effective, industrious(with at and inf. in doing s–thing) v73/3 (complement)
drjúpa (draup) sv. drip 42/26
dróg f. strip, band; or from draga, that which is drawn from s–thing(e–s); Draupnis d. = gold (see Gylf. ch. 49), in kenning for woman
v109/1 (NN 1895: dróg ‘that on which s–thing is drawn’, Draupnis
d. = arm)
drómundr m. a very large war-ship used on the Mediterranean(Greek d rov m wn ; Falk 1912, 87–8) v494/4
dropi m. drop 4/25, 44/26; collective, dripping, that which drips
40/29
drós f. lady, poetical word for woman v359/4, 107/32, v438/5; inkenning for giantess(es), Hrímnis d. v88/6 (gen. with ƒrﬂrasis;collective)
drótt f. household, following of a ruler (a group of men led by adróttinn) v154/3 (pl., troops), 107/4, v440/5, v443/5; court v282/1(subj. of nemi); = mankind or the host of angels, mildingr dróttar

260

Skáldskaparmál= Christ v272/3; in kenning for giants, nesja d. v84/1 (gen. withkneyfi, cf. note)dróttinhollr a. true to its lord, beneficial to its owner 72/22
dróttinn m. lord 14/29, v322/4 (Haraldr har›rá›i); alls d., munka d.
= God v115/2, v269/1 (gen. with máttr); vir›a d. (i. e. Óláfr
Tryggvason) v397/3 (gen. after vætti ek, ‘I expect the return of’);foldar d., lord of the earth (i. e. of Jƒr›?), Ó›inn v96/1 (subj. of ba›)drottning f. queen 30/11; as title 49/32
dr‡gja (g›) wv. carry out, achieve v140/3; cultivate v360/1
drykkja f. drinking 1/7, 14, 20/30, 21/4; drink 20/30; in kenning for(mead of) poetry, d. Fjƒlnis fjalla v141/2 (vi›: in exchange for)drykkr m. drink, draught 4/19, 36, 5/8, 40/17, 87/9, 90/27; inkenning for the mead of poetry, Dvalins (or dau›s, see dau›r) d.
v29/3 (obj. of nemi)drƒfn f. wave 95/23; in kenning for gold, drafnar logi v360/3 (cf.
Drƒfn in Index)drƒsl- see drasilldrƒttr m. slow, lazy person; sluggard 106/20
dúfa f. wave v289/4 (dat. after vi›; cf. Dúfa in Index)
dugga f. coward, worthless person 106/13
dúkr m. (piece of) cloth 42/24; i. e. sail, in kenning for wind, dúksbƒl v134/3
dul f. delusion v397/4 (with er mest, parallel to vil)dúnn m. (1) down v163/6; bed: d. Grafvitnis = gold (because snakes
sleep on gold) v188/8
dúnn m. (2) crowd 106/32, v443/6
durum see dyrr
dusilmenni n. wretch 106/13
dveljask (dval›isk) wv. md. stop, stay 47/28
dvergr m. dwarf 3/19, 23, 33/24, 41/33, 36, 42/37, 72/19, v380/6; inkennings for poetry, dverga skip 11/26, 14/20, v41/2, dverga mjƒ›11/27, sjár, lƒgr dverganna 14/10, bergs geymilá dverga v28/4
dvína (a›) wv. lessen, diminish, disappear v209/4 (inf. with skalat),v376/3dyggr a. virtuous, fine, good v270/2, v370/2; faithful, loyal, true
(e–m to s–one) v317/3 (complement of var ek)
dynfara f. ‘noisy-traveller’, arrow-name v465/4
dynfúss a. ‘noise-eager’, with dreyra mens dísar, i. e. eager for thedin of the lady of the gore-jewel, i. e. valkyrie, whose noise isbattle v337/1 (with the implied subj. of stó›um, we)dynja (dun›i) wv. resound, thunder v108/2, v302/4 (inf. with lét;i. e. made them sail on the rough sea)
dynr m. noise; in kennings for battle, hlífar har›gleipnis bor›s d.

Glossary261

noise of the shield v83/4 (obj. of ger›u), d. fleina v211/2, d.
Skƒglar v219/4 (at in); cf. dynfúss
dynskúr f. resounding shower, in kenning for battle, d. málmav209/2 (gen. with álmr)dynstrƒnd f. resounding shore, land; in kenning for sea, dorgar d.
v129/2 (subj. of drífr)d‡r n. animal 35/21, 87/8 (subj.), 87/9; in kennings for ships, Atals
d. (in kenning for Viking) v6/4 (gen. with sœkiálfi), 74/7, sunds d.
v258/2 (subj. of li›u), 74/24
d‡r› f. glory, splendour v271/3 (with en, than), v272/1 (gen. withmátt, i. e. glorious; or with sveini NN 1214, or hir› NN 2112B),
v276/1 (subj. of lofar), v384/3 (obj. of yppa)d‡rka (a›) wv. make splendid, adorn v183/7
dyrr f. pl. doorway 3/33, 41/22
d‡rr a. precious 3/38, v147/2, v335/1 (with garmi), worthy, noble
v298/3 (with tiggja), v335/2 (with magnandi), dear v113/1 (withkonungr and Hermundi); ornate, finely-wrought v398/1; comp.
d‡rri nobler, more splendid (with vƒr›r) v111/1, more worthy
v112/4 (refers to helgan ræsi heimtjalds), more glorious v273/4
d‡rshorn n. animal’s horn 59/19
d‡rsveiti m. precious sweat; Draupnis d. that which drips from D.,
gold (cf. Gylf. ch. 49) v188/7
dæla f. gutter or channel to take the water out of a ship, dale (cf.
OED dale3; Falk 1912, 6) v500/2
dælligr a. pleasant-looking 21/28
dœgr n. day (period of twelve hours); acc. of time, d. hvert every
day, continually v194/1, mart d. many a day v351/2. The ﬂula in
SnE 1848–87, II 485, 569 (see v412–517 n.) includes words forday-time and night-timedœlska f. impertinence, silliness 109/6
dœma (›) wv. adjudge, decree 42/37; execute, administer (laws)
79/31dœmi n. example 6/30, 8/22; eptir dœmum e–s in imitation of s–one
41/13; a story which accounts for the origin of s–thing 6/3 (eptir
ﬂeim dœmum er ﬂetta sagt er this story is based on the ones about
how; dœmum refers to the following account, ﬂetta to the preceding),
20/17 (af hverju . . . eru from which are derived); d. til e–s a story
giving the origin or explanation of s–thing 18/1, 20/18; svá er
tekit til dœma at this is the origin of the expression that 14/19(Sverrir Tómasson 1983, 154: = exemplum rather than fabula)dœmistóll m. judgment seat v116/4
dƒf f. spear-name (‘club’?) v464/2 (v. l. dƒflen, dƒf‹f›leinn)dƒgg f. dew; in kenning for blood, hræva d. v155/3 (subj. of flaut)

262

Skáldskaparmáldƒggskafi m. ‘dew-scraper’, name of a long shield v470/1
dƒglingr m. ruler, king (cf. Daglingar in Index); gen. pl. v312/2(i. e. the sons of Haraldr gilli, see note; with hau›r or seggir);(i. e. Haraldr har›rá›i) v400/1
døkkr a. dark (of the sea) v106/2
edda f. great-grandmother 108/3e›li n. nature, what is natural, the nature of things 41/17
e›r conj. = enn, moreover, furthermore, and then v65/1, v154/1;
still v70/5 (with ólaus)
efri a. comp. higher (with dat., than) v516/20
efstr a. sup. last v432/10; n. as adv. v338/1 (with líta mik: (have)seen me (to be) last, found me in the rear or regarded me as least
worthy)eg›ir m. ‘edged one’ (i. e. with sharp claws or beak) or ‘frightening
one’, name for an eagle 92/1; for a wolf v514/9
egg f. edge 46/26, v157/7 (gen. with (enni)hƒgg, i. e. caused by thesword(-edge); Kock (NN 2002) suggests it is acc. pl. hendiadys,head-blows and swords, i. e. head-blows from the sword, rather
than zeugma, head- and sword-blows)
egghrí› f. ‘edge-storm’, storm of weapons, battle v312/4
eggja (ja›) wv. urge, incite 46/24, 48/23; e. til urge to (do) s–thing
48/25, 49/34
eggjumskarpi m. sword-name, ‘sharp-edged’ v454/6
eggteinar m. pl. edge-strips, steel edges welded on to a sword-blade
v460/8eggtí› f. egg-time (May–June) 99/19
egna (d) wv. with dat. use as bait 6/1 (spelled eng›i)ei›a f. poetical word for mother 108/3 (complement)ei›r m. oath 24/35 (ﬂess, at about this, that), 80/14
ei›sfjƒr›r m. ?kenning for Jƒr› v82/6 t. n. Cf. eirfjar›rei›svari (1) m. one under oath (e–s to s–one), bound by oaths (tos–one) 48/24
ei›svari (2) a. bound together by oaths v80/2 (with víkingar)
eiga (á, átta) pret.-pres. vb. have (in one’s possession) 2/12; own,
possess 22/17, 40/7; er e–r átti owned by s–one 41/35; have (aname) 107/25; i. e. have applied to one 78/23, 80/11; rule (over)
49/16, 105/32; hold (an assembly) 2/7; have (children or otherrelations, friends) v150/1, 48/7, 33, 49/17, v195/2 (‘. . . that healso had’: other MSS (TWUAB, but not C) have at for ok),
101/18; possess (a woman) v202/3 (inf. with ó›gjarn at); marry
47/32, 49/24, be married to 48/33, 58/23, 108/2 (cohabit with?);gain possession of (i. e. of Norway, becoming ruler expressedGlossary263

as marrying the land) v118/3; have a right to 43/5; be concernedin, be involved in 1/15 (Fritzner 1886–96, eiga 5: ‘which related
to the Æsir’), 58/30; provide v318/3; with at and inf., have s–thing
to do, intend to do s–thing v140/3, must do s–thing v193/3; e. (at)with inf. have reason to v13/1, v17/1 (ought to); e. saman share,
have in common 99/23, 109/21; e. e–t til at have s–thing ready to
v41/1 (but see under brú›r; perhaps e. e–t at); e. vi› have to do
with, have dealings with 24/18; md. eigask vi› exchange, share,
have (s–thing) together 1/14
eigandi m. (pres. p.) owner, possessor 14/27, 17/29, 18/27, 19/14,
23, 30/13, 107/15 (‘its possessor’)
eign f. possession 6/22; one of one’s possessions 40/6, 26, 107/25;
characteristic, attribute 5/20, 30/15, 33/22
eignask (a›) wv. md. gain possession of, become possessor of, get
58/28; e. hann nafnit he becomes the one referred to 5/21; subjunc.
(optative) eignisk svá elli may he thus (i. e. with such actions,behaving in this way) gain (reach) old age v146/3
eik f. oak 1/22, 64/18; in kenning for woman, aura e. v208/2 (subj.
of stendr)
eikinn a. furious v246/4 (with myrkdreki, but equivalent to an adv.;
or it could perhaps mean ‘oaken’)eikirót f. root of an oak; af eikirótum from (where it lay at) the rootsof the oak-tree v97/3
eikismi›r m. ox-name, ‘oaken-smith, mighty smith’ v504/8
eikja f. a small row-boat or ferry (originally made of a dug-out oaktrunk; Falk 1912, 92) v494/2
eilífnir m. ‘giver of eternal life’ or for eihlífnir, ‘for ever protecting’,shield-name v471/2
eimnir m. sword-name, ‘fiery, sooty’, or ‘fire-hardened’ v459/3(also name of a sea-king, TGT 99 (in A))
eimr m. vapour, steam, smoke 98/8, v375/3 (original meaning perhaps‘fire’)
eineygr a. one-eyed (epithet of Ó›inn) v9/2
eingadóttir f. only daughter; e. Ónars = Jƒr›, i. e. the land of
Norway v118/3 (obj. of átti)einhendr a. one-handed 19/18
einherjar m. pl. Ó›inn’s warriors in Valhƒll (cf. Gylf. ch. 20) v20/5
einkarnafn n. proper name 107/25
einkili m. shipmate (one who shares the same keel? See SnE 1952,318) 107/21, v445/7
einmánu›r m. ‘single-month’, mid-March to mid-April 99/18
einmæli n. private discussion 3/20
einn a. alone 2/13, 4/20 (for himself), v121/3 (with systur, predicative

264

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after láta); alone (on his own) or sole v270/3, 271/4; only 6/7,
47/32; a single person 6/16; the same 40/11 (ok as); alt er eitt they
are all the same 37/18; einn hverr each one, each individual
106/23 (subj.); num. one 25/27 n., v165/6; átta ok einnar i. e. nine(with mœ›ra) v64/7
einnhverr pron. any one 33/21, some one or other 5/19, 108/9
einrá›it pp. absolutely determined v216/4 (with inf. bjó›a)einvaldi m. sole ruler 99/29
einvígi n. single combat 21/13, 101/16
eirfjar›r a. (pp.) made remote from pity, pitiless, relentless v82/6(with hug). DD reads Eirfjar›ar with arfi (thus R), meaning ‘heirof the goddess-fiord’, i. e. son of Jƒr› (= ﬁórr; cf. Eir in Index),
but this interpretation is problematical (the compound cannot
really mean ‘fiord-goddess’)
eisa (1) f. glowing ash 98/3; cinder, of the lump of molten metal
v88/5 (subj. of fló); pl. i. e. fires v374/1, v402/3; in kenning forgold, e. armleggs v191/3. Cf. bló›eisa
eisa (2) (a›) wv. rush, (be) pour(ed) (of the mead of poetry) v34/1
eitr n. poison 6/14, v77/7 (obj. of fnœstu), 50/19, 21, v210/4 (obj.
of blés)eitrkaldr a. deadly cold, bitterly cold v320/2 (with Elfr)
eitrsvalr a. deadly cold, bitterly cold v311/4 (with na›ri)
ekki (1) m. sobbing, sorrow; dat. with, in sorrow v343/1
ekki (2) n. of engi pron. a. no, nothing (see enskis); as adv. not v166/8
ekkja f. widow 107/37, v438/4; i. e. abandoned wife (Jƒr›) v66/7(subj. of gekk); woman, in kenning for giantesses, Hrekkmímis
ekkjur (i. e. Gjálp and Greip) v81/6 (subj. of há›u; cf. Ægis ekkjur= Ægir’s daughters in Hei›reks saga 41)
él n. (short) storm (usually of hail or snow) 44/26, 72/1; pl., in
kennings for battle, él Ullar skips, storms of the shield v236/1,
nadda él v285/3 (pl., obj. of tel), hrings él v309/4 (acc. pl. withlætr gjƒr ver›a), él Skƒglar v382/3 (instr.)
elda (ld) wv. kindle, set fire to v373/2
elding f. lightning; pl. 21/36
eldr m. fire 2/20, 6/22, 25/28, v91/7 t. n., 39/2, 14, 18, 40/27, 30, 32,
39, 41/8, 47/36, v177/1 (acc. with sé ek), 67/24, 70/14, 72/1,
97/15, v370/1 (with sá), 98/8 (subj.), v375/2 (subj. of feldi),
v387/1 (instr. with fór); vi› eld by, on a fire 46/33; sword-namev458/2; in kennings for gold, e. ƒlna bekks v141/1 (obj. of ﬂák),e. Órunar (a river) v189/7, geima e. v193/4 (subj. of liggr), e. áls
hrynbrautar v194/5; for sword, Gauts e. v241/2 (with me›). See
Eldr in Index
elfr f. river; álfrƒ›ull elfar = gold v117/1 (cf. ch. 33). Cf. Index

Glossary265

él-Freyr m. storm- (of battle) Freyr, kenning for warrior v214/4 t. n.
(subj. of gekk; as-Freyr (cf. ƒs f. ‘tumult’) means the same)elgr m. elk 75/22; in kenning for ship, e. fló›s v262/3
elgver n. ‘elk-sea’, i. e. land; elgvers endi = shore v120/2
elgvi›nir m. bear-name, ‘frequenter of the elk-forest’? v510/2
elja f. rival 30/10, 18, 35/20; e. Rindar = Jƒr›, the land (of Africa;
ofljóst) v122/3 (obj. of tók); concubine 108/2
eljun f. energy 108/26, 31
élker n. ‘storm-vat’, the sky, in kenning for earth v111/2
elli f. old age v146/4 (obj. of eignisk)
ellilyf f. medicine, cure of old age; e. Ása(nna) the cure for the
Æsir’s old age, i. e. I›unn’s apples, which prevented the Æsirgetting old 30/20, v100/3 (obj. of kunni)élreifr a. storm-happy, who is happy when it is stormy v125/1 (withdœtr)
elskugi m. love, loving thought 108/27
élsnúinn a. (pp.) storm-twisted v351/3 (with álmsorg, cf. note)élsól f. ‘storm-sun’, in kenning for troll-wife, élsólar bƒl v300a/4.
NN 1095D suggests élsalr ‘storm-hall’ = the heavensélvindr m. storm-wind, wind accompanied by rain or snow, squall
v128/2 (subj. of hefir hrundit)
emjar f. pl. part of a sword; perhaps rather a sword-name, emjarr
m. ‘crier’ v461/1
en conj. but, and v66/1 (with line 3?—cf. note); and also (understandloddu) v98/7; than (after minni) v303 n.
enda adv. moreover; see under endi and sessi
endi m. end 1/31, 2/33; (loddu) vi› stangar enda v98/8; vi› elgvers
enda i. e. to the shore v120/1; death v290/2 (of enda ﬂess ﬂengils
sessa because of this earl’s death; or, if enda is taken as adv. or
conj. ‘and so, moreover’, sessa is acc. with of; cf. NN 2521)
endilágr a. low from end to end, over its whole low surface v66/2(with grund)endilangr a. lengthwise; eptir endilangri hóllinni along the (whole)length of the hall, all the way along the hall 25/29
endisei›r m. ‘boundary-coalfish’ (or ‘boundary rope’, NN 1412F;
see sei›r), in kenning for the Midgard serpent, allra landa e. thefish that bounds (surrounds) all lands v48/4 (obj. of kendi)
endr adv. once, once upon a time v74/7, v122/3, v274/1, v315/2(with gein); again, further v303/2
eng›i see egna
engi pron. a. no v38/2 (with há›i), 101/14 (with kona e›a ótiginnma›r), v408/1 (with ynglingr), v409/2; alls engi never any v107/1(with landreki); n. ekki or› no word v165/1; n. pl. engin v285/4

266

Skáldskaparmál(with él; see note); as pron. no one v164/1 (subj. of skyli). Cf.
enskis, ekki (2)engill m. angel 76/23, 24, 77/21, v273/3, v274/1 (obj. of senda);
word play with Engla ‘of the English’ 78/21?
enn adv. in addition, further, again 7/29, 18/16, v161/5 (= again,
with ba› or mala), v432/1, v436/1, v444/1; enn sem kva› . . . as
. . . also said 33/32, 34/3; still v257/1 (with sunnan or with ﬂótt,‘even though’); again v307/2; with comp. still, yet v179/8, v180/1
enni n. forehead 108/12
ennidúkr head-band v12/1, v308/1
ennihƒgg n. pl. blows on the forehead; ennihƒgg ok eggjar i. e.
ennihƒgg og eggjar hƒgg v157/7 (acc. with launa; cf. note)enskis gen. of ekki pron. n. nothing 4/20 (genitive with rá›; e. af
mi›inum over no part of the mead; cf. Fritzner 1886–96, rá› 6)
epli n. apple 1/36, 20/4, 30/20, 108/24
ept prep. with dat. after, in pursuit of v266/1; with acc., of time,after v313/1
eptir prep. with dat. after 72/8; in accordance with, using (in imitationof?) 6/31, 11/25; based on, following (a story) 17/30, 19/16,
25/35, 30/21, 72/31; as adv. vera e. be left, remain 52/20, v430/1,
v444/1erfi n. funeral feast 49/7
erfi›i n. toil; burden 33/24, 108/6; e. Austra = the sky v106/3 (subj.
of brestr; see Gylf. ch. 8)
erfi›liga adv. with trouble, difficulty, hard work 24/27
erfingi m. heir, inheritor 107/17
ermr f. sleeve 108/36
ern a. energetic v103/7 (with reginn; perhaps equivalent of adverbwith lag›i, ‘energetically’; cf. NN 138C)
ern- see ƒrn
erring f. valour, doughtiness v149/1 (obj. of ofrar)
eruma (see vera) we are not v178/7
erumk = er mér v24/1
eskja f. ‘ash(tree)-covered’, name for land v501/2
es-Freyr m. ‘horse-Freyr’? kenning for warrior v214/4 t. n.
eta (át) sv. eat v97/3 (was eating, went on eating), 45/6, v151/8(subjunc.), 49/9; eat away, eat at v174/5
etja (1) f. incitement, fighting, battle v450/7
etja (2) (atti) wv. incite (e–m at s–one to); ﬂótt etti although (really)
she was inciting v251/5
ey (1) f. island 1/2, 36/28, 72/15, 106/1; eyjar vestan i. e. Orkney
and Shetland v408/3 (obj. of ﬂryngvi)ey (2) adv. always, continually v251/5

Glossary267

ey›a (pp. eyddr) wv. lay waste v410/3 t. n.
ey›imƒrk (pl. -merkr) f. wilderness 1/17
ey›ir m. one who lays waste, destroyer; in kenning for (righteous)ruler, óﬂjó›ar e. v199/3 (subj. of breg›r)eygir m. sword-name, ‘eyer’; or for œgir, ‘terrifier’ v458/3
eygja (g›) wv. eye, watch, see (obj. is sá er, whom, referring toLoki) v98/3
eyglóa f. ‘ever-shiner’ 85/19
eykr m. beast of burden or draught-animal; referring to ﬁórr’s goatsv52/1 (obj. of haldit)
eyktarsta›r m. the position of the sun in the middle of the afternoon(none, ninth hour), 3 or 3.30 pm., south-west, the direction of thesetting sun at the beginning of winter in (parts of) Iceland (midOctober) 99/15
eylú›r m. island-(mill-)box, box or encloser of islands, i. e. the sea;eylú›rs Grotti = the mill of the sea, the churning sea v133/4 (obj.
of hrœra) (or gen. with brú›ir, i. e. the daughters of Ægir NN 572;
see note). See lú›reyma (›) wv. weaken, soften, let become less harsh, make pusillanimous
v376/1 (with suffixed neg.)eyra n. ear v55/4 (with dat. of the one it belongs to), 108/7, 12; ﬂeim
til eyrna er to the ears of those who 45/32; upper part of ship’s rib(LK 143); a triangular piece of wood holding in position a wedge
across the inside of a ship’s bows (LK 146; at the top of these‘ears’ there would have been a hole for ropes to be attached, see
Falk 1912, 47, 80, where he refers to various holes or pieces ofwood with holes in them for cables) v496/6
eyrir m. a coin; pl. = gold, wealth in kenning for woman, aura eik
v208/1eyrr f. sand-bank v123/1, v337/2 (phrase goes with stó›um)
eyss see ausa
eyﬂvari m. ‘continually prodding’ or ‘island-borer’, ox-name v503/6
fá (1) (fekk, fengu or fingu) sv. (1) get (possession of) 2/12, 4/22;
find 21/20; gain 21/17, v384/1; fá af e–m at obtain from s–one
that 41/32; receive 48/26, v267/4, v337/3, 101/12; heldr en ﬂeir of
fingu rather than (that they should) accept, instead of accepting
v252/8; suffer, experience v365/3; subjunc. fengi received,
suffered 6/17; fá e–m e–t provide s–one with s–thing, give s–one
s–thing v15/6, 20/30, 49/35, 59/19, win s–thing for s–one v211/3,
grant, delegate s–thing to s–one 80/5; e–m var fengit e–t s–one
was provided with s–thing 48/39; fá e–t at e–u get s–thing froms–thing v340/2; fá e–t í hendr e–m hand s–thing over to s–one

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42/16; fá e–t e–m at eta give s–thing to s–one to eat 49/9, at
drekka v400/1; with pp. be able (to do s–thing) 22/8, 50/13,
manage (to do s–thing) 25/19; md. for passive, fekksk was provided(with instr.) v339/3. (2) with gen. marry 47/28, 48/32, 49/17,
101/17fá (2) (›; pp. fátt) wv. paint, depict; ﬂats of (ﬂat er) fátt this is
depicted v104/5, v155/8; fá›r e–u painted, decorated with s–thingv71/7 and v104/7 (with bifkleif)fa›ir m. father v167/2, v179/1 (míns fƒ›ur gen. with mær), v195/4(obj. of átti), v250/4 (dat. fe›r sínum against her father, with fárhugaor fœri), v446/2; dat. of respect, Óláfs fe›r in Ó.’s father v293/1;
in kennings for ﬁórr v44/2, v45/4 (subj. of leit), for ﬁjazi v110/4(gen. (or dat. of respect?) with augum), f. Mƒrnar v97/4 (subj. ofát), v103/8 (in apposition to reginn, subj. of lag›i); for Loki,lƒgseims f. v73/4 (subj. of ré› at hvetja), v99/4
fa›mbyggvir m. one who dwells in s–one’s (e–rar) embrace, husband;
Friggjar f. = Ó›inn v9/3
fagna (a›) wv. with dat. welcome 1/4 (impers. pass.), 22/14, v109/4(refers to future time), 59/7; rejoice in v9/4, i. e. have plenty ofv333/2 (inf. with lætr)fagr a. beautiful, fine 1/12, 2/28, v64/6 (with hafn‡ra), 45/34, v158/1(with botni), v183/8 (with hl‡r), v234/1 (with hl‡rtungli), v346/1(with ve›rvitar), lovely v353/2 (with lá›i); weak fagri as nickname
61/17, 95/28; n. as adv. beautifully v245/3 (with of skornir); sup.
fegrstr 41/28, 49/20
fagrahvél n. fair wheel, name for the sun 85/19, v517/2
fagrbláinn m. ‘fair-dark’, shield-name v471/3
fagrbúinn a. (pp.) beautifully adorned (i. e. with gold) v190/2 (i. e.
we, implied subj. of gengum), v208/2 (with eik)fagrbyr›r f. fair (shining) burden; f. Grana = gold v188/6
fákr m. horse (poetical; implies a fine, lively horse); in kenning for
ship, báru f. 74/8, v256/3 (gen. with hrjó›r). Cf. Indexfala (a›) wv. offer to buy, ask to buy 4/11
faldr m. (a woman’s) head-dress, cap, wimple 67/18; snáks f. =œgishjálmr, helmet of terror v281/1 (obj. of berr; i. e. he rules
firmly)fall n. fall, death in battle 50/28; ﬂat fall flotna this fall of men, thisdefeat v158/1 (obj. of segik); bragna fall i. e. battle v275/2 (gen.
with beini); as second half of compound separated by tmesis,
djúpfall (see djúp) v82/4 (dat. with vi›); failure, lack (e–s ofs–thing) v90/8 (subj. of komat; Reichardt 1969, 215 takes it tomean death here too—ﬁjálfi’s)
falla (fell) sv. fall 3/34, v155/5, 63/17; fall in battle 22/5, v69/1 (inf.

Glossary

269

with lét), 48/28, 50/15, v172/6, 72/27, v374/4; flow down 52/21,
v320/3, flow over (of) v79/2 (inf. with sér), (um) v357 n., flow
onto (á) v403/2, crash down (á on) v362/4, v364/1; fail, pause,stop 42/11; pp. fallen, dead (with mƒg) v19/4; betr fallit more
fitting, more suitable 49/24; md. láta fallask let o–self drop 2/19, 34
fallsól f. falling, setting sun (the sun that can fall, i. e. is not in thesky?); in kenning for gold, f. Fullu vallar brá the falling sun ofFulla’s forehead v143/2 (referring to Fulla’s golden head-band)
fálma (a›) wv. fumble, waver, hesitate v249/4 (inf. with láta)
falr m. socket of spear-head 59/29
falsa (›) wv. falsify, distort, alter so as to deceive 5/34
fangbo›i m. fight-offerer, challenger; Litar flotna f. = ﬁórr v153/2(gen. with ƒngli)fangsæll a. happy in (with) its booty (successful with its catch?)v99/2 (with sveita nagr)
far n. (1) vessel, ship, boat v120/4 (obj. of bindr; sg., presumably
collective?), v123/2 (gen. pl., perhaps with eyri, but possibly withsome word in the unquoted rest of the verse; and perhaps from fƒr
f. journey), 109/14; in kenning for poetry, f. dverganna 14/18
far n. (2) way, manner of behaviour; svá er mitt of far that is myway (of going on), that is my practice v350/4; situation (behaviour,
dealings?) v92/6 (obj. of sé ek)
fár (1) a. few; not many, i. e. no v310/2 (with konungr); n. as subst.
little (i. e. nothing) 2/29
fár (2) n. hatred 108/32; fury 109/14
fara (fór) sv. go 21/30, v227/3 (clause probably goes with Búi),
83/17, move 25/23; with predicative a. (equivalent of adv.) v81/7(cf. with pres. p. below); travel 42/30, v350/1, 101/15, 106/3;
come v11/4; continue 72/27; e–t hefir farit it has happened withs–thing 41/12; f. it ne›ra travel by the lower route, underneath(í jƒr›u underground) 21/33; f. at e–u comply with s–thing (?)
48/34; f. me› e–t take s–thing v21/4, 42/17, behave with s–thing
107/31 (cf. v81/8 n. and me›); f. me› e–u be in accordance withs–thing 41/17; with dat., use: f. of e–n máli treat of s–one inspeech v368/3; f. of e–n eldi subject s–one to burning v387/1; f.
e–m destroy s–one v90/1; f. sem suffer the same fate as 46/14; f.
til go there 3/36; f. und become subject to, submit to v121/2; withat and inf. go and 20/35; with pres. p., go, begin v170/4; pp. váru
farnir were come (to), were situated v96/8. Md. with dat., behavewith s–thing, wield s–thing v48/1
fárbjó›r m. ‘hostility-, danger-offerer’, in kenning for warrior, f.
mor›elds one who offers damage, attempts hostility to or withswords (mor›elds fár = battle) v144/4 (subj. of hlaut)270

Skáldskaparmál

fardagar m. pl. ‘moving days’, four days (Thursday to Sunday) in
spring (at the end of May) when annual work and tenancy contracts
came to an end 99/16
far›ir f. pl. events, doings; ﬂær of f. these happenings (á depictedon) v71/6 (pp. of ferja ‘carry’?—but if ﬂær refers to sƒgur theform should be far›ar; or pl. of *fƒr›?)fardrengr m. seafarer, merchant 106/3
fargervi n. tackle, gear 109/13
fárhugir m. pl. evil thoughts, hostile intentions; til fárhuga withhostile intentions, for a hostile purpose (to arouse hostility?) v250/3
farmr m. cargo; in kenning for poetry, f. Ó›ins 11/29 (cf. 4/37–9);
in kenning for Ó›inn (part of kenning for poetry) f. Gunnla›ararma v13/2 (gen. with fors), gálga f. v33/7 (cf. Hávamál 138); for
Loki, f. Sigynjar arma v98/2 (subj. of var› fastr), f. arma galdrs
hapts v75/2 (subj. of var› gƒrr; Kock, NN 2106, takes the kenning
as farmr meinsvarrans (cf. svarri) arma, husband of Angrbo›a;see note); for gold, Grana f. (obj. of breg›r) v199/4
farmagnu›r m. enhancer of the speed of travel, of Ó›inn in theform of an eagle v23/3
farnagli m. a long nail to pass through a wide bracket into thepiece it supported in a ship (LK 122, 149); ? plug (in bilge; Falk 1912, 7)
v496/8
farskostr m. means of transportation, conveyance 4/3
fartí›r m. ‘frequent traveller, travelling delight’, name for a shipv494/8fasta adv. firm(ly) v84/5 (with stó›u)fasti m. a fix v85/5 (fœr›r í fasta)
fastr a. (stuck) fast (vi› to) 1/31, 24/30, v98/1; n. as adv. hard
24/29, 25/24, v80/1; firmly (with of sé›ir) v223/4; strongly, fastv260/2; comp. 42/9
fat n. (cf. fƒt) article of clothing, garment; vessel, vat; in kenningfor shield, hildar fat v92/8 (gen. with hl‡ri)
fátí›r a. uncommon, unusual v87/1 (with frœ›i)fátœkr a. poor 58/7
faxi m. ‘maned one’, horse; in kenning for wolf, Járnsƒxu f. v339/4(dat. of respect or advantage with grƒn)fé (gen. fjár) n. wealth 40/14, 45/17, 25, v163/3 (gen. with fjƒl›),106/2; (heap of) treasure 45/34, v183/7 (subj. of d‡rkar); money
80/10
fe›gar m. pl. father and sons 45/15
feginn a. happy, pleased 22/29, 58/21 (e–u at, with s–thing); gerae–n feginn give s–one pleasure 22/24; vi›r e–n feginn makes
s–one happy v382/4 (by providing carrion for them)Glossary271

feginslú›r m. happy mill-box (i. e. the container of a hand-mill, in
which the meal is collected), mill-box of happiness v163/4
fégjafa a. indecl. wealth-giving 18/4 t. n.
fégjafi m. wealth-giver 18/16
fegrstr see fagr
feig› f. closeness to death, being about to die, approaching deathv179/3 (obj. of sá)
feima f. poetical word for woman 107/34, v438/4
fela (fal, fólginn) sv. hide, conceal 3/6 (R has fellum ‘place, fit’; cf.
fella (2) and Introduction, p. liv), 3/9, 48/35; i. e. bury v117/2;
yrkja fólgit compose with concealed meaning 109/15
félagi m. companion 25/21, 48/6, 107/22, v445/5
fella (ld) wv. (1) fell v242/4; cause to fall v375/2; i. e. kill inbattle; p. inf. after hygg ek v373/2; md. reciprocal, fell one
another v144/2. (2) fit, fasten; pp. feldr joined, fitted, fastened(vi› to; with øxar) v183/6
fellihryn f. ‘felling roar’, crashing that knocks down; f. fjalla i. e.
violent river v78/7 (subj. of ﬂaut)
fellir m. feller, killer, in kennings for ﬁórr, flugstalla go›a fjƒrnets
f. destroyer of the life of giants v73/1 (obj. of hvetja heiman; seenote), fjall-Gauts f. v55/1; as sword-name, ‘feller’ v456/1, v459/1;
in kenning for war-leader, fólka f. v194/7
fen n. fen, lying water v323/4 t. n., v476/8; of a river, svar›runnit
f. v80/4 (subj. of en flaut; see note)
fengari m. ‘shiner’, name for the moon 85/21
fengey›andi pres. p. ‘who vitiates achievement or success, prevents
victory’ i. e. prevents the conclusion of the battle, of Hildr Hƒgnadóttir v254/3 (with fordæ›a; or ‘destroyer of booty’, referring
to 72/28–9?)
fengr m. booty; in kennings for poetry, f. Ó›ins, f. Vi›urs 5/7, 11/29,
v38/2
fengrani m. a kind of fish v487/8
féní›ingr m. one who is mean or niggardly with money 106/16
fenja f. (feathered) arrow v465/3 (cf. Index)
fenna f. arrow-name (gen. is required after geta; v. l. (A) fennu would
have nom. sg. fenna; or fenna could be gen. pl.) v466/3 (cf. Index)fentƒnn f. ‘fen-tooth’, kenning for rock (i. e. = sea-tooth), in kenningfor giantess, S‡r fentanna v292/2 (cf. note)fer› f. (1) journey 1/3, 49/35, 64/27; ver›a til fer›ar undertake ajourney 40/35; expedition v130/2; í fer›inni on the expedition
58/28; flight (of arrows; or perhaps group (of arrows) flying, cf.
(2)), in kenning for war-leader, brodda fer›ar ræsir v239/3. (2) agroup of men travelling, a troop 106/36, v441/6; host (i. e. of272

Skáldskaparmálangels), heims hróts f. v271/2 (subj. of l‡tr); as second part ofcompound separated by tmesis, dólgfer› hostile troop v84/3 (subj.
of dreif—or sótti? Cf. note)
ferill m. track; flausta f. = sea v349/4 (with af, from)ferja f. ferry v494/6 (Falk 1912, 92–3, 112–3; LK 89)
ferma f. provisions, food; Hugins f. = carrion v335/3 (gen. with harmr)
festa (st) wv. f. á fasten on to, fix on to, bite, penetrate 49/36, 59/1
festr f. rope; in kenning for ship, bjƒrn undinna festa v126/2
fet n. tread, step 108/39
fet-Meili m. ‘step-Meili’, apparently a kenning for Hœnir (cf. ch.
15) v95/2 (acc. with ba›; sometimes emended to bau› fe›r Meila‘invited the father of M., i. e. Ó›inn’)fetrunninn pp. crossed by stepping, crossed by foot; vinna hlaupár
fetrunnar cause the swollen rivers to be crossed by foot, i. e. wadethrough them v77/2
fetvi›nir m. ‘forest-walker’, name for a bear 88/6, v511/1
fi›r = finnr ?v298/1 t. n.
fi›ri n. feathers (collective) 2/21
fífa f. cotton-grass; arrow-name v466/2 (see Index)
fífl m. fool 106/17
fík-Móinn m. ‘greedy serpent’, helmet-name v472/8 (or móinn ‘brown’?).
Cf. gest-Móinn and Móinn in Index
fíkr a. greedy; dat. pl. as adv. rapaciously v378/2
fingr m. finger 46/35 (instr.), 36, 108/35
finna (fann, fundinn) sv. find, come across 47/22, 85/13; discover,catch v102/2 (linked by unz to preceding stanza; subj. is áttir
Ingi-Freys, the gods); finnum we notice, feel v303 n.; finn ek opt
at I have often seen, noticed, that v284/2; má ﬂau f. they can befound 108/1; finni hann one (i. e. the poet in question) finds 85/15(subjunc. after nema); meet, go to meet 22/12 ; with acc. and pp.
v164/8 (‘find [him] bound’); realize 4/31; feel 22/22; e–r finnr
eigi fyrr en the first thing one knows is 20/28; ne fundu fyrr did
not notice before, were taken unawares v362/1; var› of fundinn
was to be found v279/4; md. be found, (re)discovered 48/36, 52/7;
be found, appear, be presented 5/32, be examples of 41/16; meet
one another (i. e. in battle) v246/2
firar m. pl. men 105/25, v82/2 (dat. with drápu stall, in the men;refers to the Æsir), v129/4 (gen. pl. with greipum), v179/3 (gen.
with feig›), v202/4 (gen. with bƒrnum), v440/3
firinmikill a. mightily, amazingly, enormously great, tremendous
v54/2 (with hætting)firna adv. extremely v64/3
firnum adv. mightily v13/1 (with forngervan or hrósa?)Glossary

273

firra (r›) wv. separate from, deprive of; f. e–n e–u keep s–one froms–thing v298/1 (imp.); pp. fir›r e–u lacking s–thing, void ofs–thing v16/4 (with íﬂrótt)fiskr m. fish 36/28, 45/22, 63/14, 67/27, v485 t. n.; in kenning for
Midgard serpent, grundar f. (‘earth-fish’ or ‘sea-bed fish’) v49/3;
in kenning for snakes (valley-fish): í dalmiskunn fiska i. e. í miskunn
dalfiska, in the mercy for valley-fish, i. e. in the summer v140/4(tmesis)fiskreki m. fin whale, common rorqual, or minke whale, lesser
rorqual v490/3 (KSk 15, 162; see JG 11, 37; translated ‘fish driver’
LML 120, where the note quotes the suggestion that it may be thenor(d)caper or fin-fish, i. e. fin whale)fja›rlauss a. without feathers 49/30
fjálfr n. hiding-place, refuge; in kenning for mountains, gjálfra f.
v69/2 (gen. with bólm)
fjall n. mountain v78/7 (gen. with fellihryn), v106/4, 47/22, 34,v168/2, v349/3, v502/1; salr fjalla = sky v115/2; in kenning formen’s arms, fjƒll Ullar kjóls, the resting-places of Ullr’s boat(i. e. a shield) v143/1, hauka fjƒll (dat. with á; i. e. on our arms)
v185/3; in kenning for head, of skarar fjalli above, on his headv281/4; in kenning for giantess, fjalla Hildr v242/1; for giant,fjalla Finnr v104/5, fjalla Fjƒlnir (in a kenning for poetry, gen.
with drykkju) v141/3; for waves, fjƒll fyllar v363/1
fjallgar›r m. mountain range v125/4 (gen. with rokur, coming fromthe mountain range)
fjall-Gautr m. ‘mountain-Gautr’, kenning for giant, in kenning forﬁórr, fjall-Gauts fellir v55/2
fjallgyl›ir m. wolf of the mountains, kenning for giant (ﬁjazi) v95/1
fjallvani›r a. ‘mountain-accustomed’, mountain-haunting v334/1(with hrƒfnum)
fjándi m. enemy v225/1, 107/23
fjándskapr m. hostility, enmity 108/32
fjara f. beach; fjƒru ﬂjó› = giants v83/6
fjárafl n. power of possessions, (the power arising from) wealth, store
of wealth v60/4
fjar›bál n. ‘fiord-fire’, fire of the sea, gold, in kenning for generous
man, fjar›báls hlynr v368/4
fjar›bein n. ‘fiord-bone’, stone; = jewel in kenning for woman,skor›a fjar›beins v205/2 (cf. ch. 31)
fjar›epli n. ‘fiord-apple’, kenning for stone or rock; fjar›eplis Mœrr,land of rock = mountains v87/2 (gen. with legs)fjar›leggr m. ‘fiord-leg, -bone’, rock; in kenning for dwarfs (orgiants), fjar›leggjar fyr›ar v27/4 (part of kenning for poetry)274

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fjar›linnr m. fiord-serpent, i. e. ship (or fish? Frank 1978, 190)
v260/1 (gen. pl. with fannir)
fjárhald n. economic affairs 4/16
fjarri adv. far off, out of the way v122/2; f. e–m far off from s–one
79/32; fjarri hefir it is far from likely v111/1
fjórir num. four v96/8, v274/2 (with engla), v355/4
fjósnir m. cow-shed worker (or fjƒsnir m. ‘shaggy one’) 106/20
fjúk n. gust of snow, blizzard v137/1
fjúka (fauk, fuku) sv. fly, be blown 4/33
fjƒ›r f. feather v103/6 (gen. with leikbla›s, part of kenning for
ﬁjazi), 49/28
fjƒl› f. multitude, large number (with gen.) v158/4 (obj. of gáfumk,
parallel to mána: ‘and a multitude of stories with it, i. e. on it’),v184/1 (obj. of gla›ar); a large amount v163/3
fjƒlkara f. battle v449/8 t. n.
fjƒlkostigr a. very splendid, having many fine qualities v25/1 (withmæringr)fjƒlkunnigr a. skilled in magic 1/3, 45/11
fjƒlkyngi f. magic 72/25
fjƒllami weak a. or fjƒllama indecl. a. ‘much battering’, whichbatters many v68/8 (with trƒlls, i. e. ﬁórr’s hammer; or with rúna?)fjƒlmargr a. very many, a great multitude of v179/4 (with fira)fjƒr n. life; dat. fjƒrvi v5/6, v157/3 (with næma), v247/4 (obj. ofbarg, i. e. his life)fjƒr›r m. fiord 49/15, 97/5, v475/8fjƒrlausn f. deliverance (from death) 4/4; ransom 45/17, 23; tilfjƒrlausnar to redeem his life 24/34
fjƒrn f. ‘life-containing’, name for land v501/1fjƒrnet n. ‘life-net’, soul, in kenning for ﬁórr, fellir flugstalla go›afjƒrnets v73/2. Kock, NN 2249 suggests fjƒrnnet, land-net = sea,gen. with flugstalla = cliffs. DD takes fjƒrnet as a device to kill
giants, fellir as ‘tightener’fjƒrnhar›r a. mighty strong, amazingly strong; acc. sg. m. as adv.,
fjƒrnhar›an mighty strongly v243/4 (or parallel to heinﬂyntan,
with hryneld; or with sik? cf. NN 1062)
fjƒrnir m. ‘life-giver, -protector’, helmet-name v472/7; fjƒrnis Grí›r= axe v245/3
fjƒrnjótr m. ‘life-benefitter’ v73/2 t. n.
fjƒrr m. man v443/9 (name of a tree; perhaps a half-kenning)fjƒrsegi m. ‘life-morsel, -steak’, heart v151/7
fjƒrso›nir m. sword-name, ‘life-quencher’? v453/8 (v. l. (C) -sváfnir
queller, destroyer, see Njáls saga ch. 130, ÍF XII 334: Kári’ssword)

Glossary275fjƒrspillir m. life-destroyer, in kenning for ﬁórr, f. Belja bƒlver›ungar
v69/1 (subj. of lét falla)fjƒrsungr m. weeverfish v487/1
flá (fló, fleginn) sv. skin 45/19
flag n. turfless ground v502/7
flag› n. giantess, troll-wife; in kenning for wolf, flag›s blakkr v382/2
flag›brjóska n. the cartilage of the breast-bone 49/2
flakk n. wandering v382/2 t. n.
flangi m. wanton person, clown, joker, one who behaves madly 106/20
fláræ›i n. deceit, falseness 109/11
flaug f. (1) flight; arnar f. i. e. (prospect of) battle (flight of eagles
as sign of approaching carnage) v2/2
flaug f. (2) flag (Falk 1912, 59; or perhaps a (metal) weather-vane); armor fluke of an anchor (LK 194); v496/7 (cf. flug and Gusir in Index)flaugarskegg n. ‘flag-beard’, flaps or frayed ends at the end of aflag? (Falk 1912, 59) v496/7
flaumr m. torrent; in kennings for battle (or flood of blood), sver›af. v154/4, stála f. v157/3 (gen. with støkkvir)
flaust n. a word for ship (general term, cf. fljóta; Falk 1912, 86)v346/1 (pl.), v494/7; at flausti into, onto the boat v45/3; in kenningfor seamen v18/4 (gen. with ƒrﬂeysi); in kennings for sea, flausta
ferill v349/3, flausta setr v381/2
fleinblakkr m. ‘shaft-horse’ v382/2 t. n.
fleinn m. shaft; light spear v464/3; dynr fleina = battle v211/2
fleiri a. comp. more v301/2 (with hró›r: more, i. e. another poem ora new section of a poem?), v416/7; other 87/9; sem f. like otherv204/1 (with tró›ur); sjá ekki fleira af see nothing more of (them)
2/27; hvat fleira what else 46/7; at f. the more v144/3 (with tár)
fles f. flat rock (in or by the sea); in kenning for teeth v34/4
flesdrótt f. slab-, rock-troop, i. e. giants v84/4 (subj. of sótti á flótta
or of dreif )flestr a. most, nearly every v25/2 (with mæringr); nearly all, mostly
40/15, 49/11, v162/4 (with man, collective); dat. as subst. v25/1(‘in most things’), v269/2 (most things, i. e. everything; obj. ofaflar); flestum for most people v397/4
fletbjƒrn m. ‘platform-, bench-bear’, kenning for house v89/3 (gen.
with veggjar or fótlegg)
fley n. wherry, ferry; also used of warships and merchantmen (Falk1912, 93, 98–9, 111; cf. Sverris saga ch. 86, p. 92) v494/7; inkenning for poetry (see pp. 3–4 and 11/27), berg-Saxa f. v35/4(obj. of hl‡›i; see note)
fleygjandi pres. p. one who flings, causes (s–thing) to fly, distributor;
i. e. ruler or warrior (Earl Hákon; one would expect a gen. pl., of

276

Skáldskaparmál

rings or weapons) v121/1 (see note); pl. fleygjendr alinleygjar
i. e. generous men v234/2
fljó› n. (poetical word for) woman v182/6 (pl., = Fenja and Menja),v254/3 (gen. pl. with fordæ›a), 107/29, v438/3; Frí›ar frumseyrisf. (pl.) = giantesses (sc. Gjálp and Greip) v76/3 (gen. with himintƒrgu
vers dreyra; see note)fljóta (flaut) sv. stream, flow v80/2 (after en, and, while); flow (ofover) v155/1
fljótr a. quick; n. as adv. v96/1 (with deila), v377/1
fljúga, fljúgja (flaug or fló) sv. fly 1/30, 4/39, v68/1, 24/22, v88/6(til towards), v99/1 (me› carrying), 42/33, v239/4 (inf. with sér),v341/1; pres. p. v23/4
fló f. layer 60/12, 13
fló› n. flood 93/13, v476/4; in kennings for gold, fúrr fló›s v204/2,
hyrr fló›s v266/4, for ship(s), bjƒrn fló›s v260/6, elgr fló›s v262/3,
fló›s stó› v346/2
fló›rif n. ‘flood-rib’, bone of the sea, i. e. rock v84/6 (gen. with útvés)
flóki m. a flat fish, fluke, a kind of flounder v485/6
flokkr m. herd 1/18; party, body of men 106/27, v440/6; í hundra›s
flokki in a company of a hundred men v338/3 (with efst)
flokkstjóri m. leader of a troop 105/27 (subj.)
flotnar m. pl. sailors 105/26, v440/3; men, subjects, followers v184/1(gen. with fjƒl›); men, warriors v158/2 (gen. with fall), v387/2(dat. with au›it); in kenning for king, flotna vƒr›r v111/2; for
giants, Litar f. v153/1 (gen. with fangbo›a)flótti m. flight; sœkja á flótta take to flight v84/3; rout, group of men
in flight; rak margan flótta often put his enemies to flight v322/4
flug n. flight; arrow-name v465/4 (cf. flugr; A and B have flaug,i. e. flaug (2), see under Gusir and Flaug in Index))
fluga f. fly 42/4, 8
flugastraumr m. rushing current v134/2 (dat. after í)
flugbjálfi m. ‘flight-skin’, flying shape; hauks f. the shape of aflying hawk v103/4 (dat. with aukinn)
flugglƒ› f. ‘flight-glad’, arrow-name v466/1
flugr m. flight, flying 2/16, 21, 4/39, 21/39, 24/29 (cf. flug)
flugstallr m. ‘flight-ledge’, mountain top, in kenning for giants,
flugstalla go› v73/1 (gen. with fjƒrnets). Since the base-wordmeans ‘gods’, the word stalli meaning ‘altar’ may be intended (DD)flugsvinn f. ‘flight-strong or -swift’, arrow-name v466/1
fly›ra f. flounder v486/4
fl‡ja (fl‡›i) wv. flee (undan from) 6/7, 46/17, take to flight v377/2;
f. e–t 59/12; with suffixed neg. fl‡ra does not flee 59/17; pp.
fl‡i›r 6/11

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277

flytja (flutti) wv. carry, transport 3/36, 39; bring 45/32; convey(e–m e–t s–thing to s–one) 58/36; f. e–m e–t bring s–one s–thing 4/4
flæmingr m. sword-name, ‘router’ or ‘Flemish sword’ v457/2 (cf.
Ynglingatal 17, Hkr I 53)flœ›arsker n. skerry, a rock submerged at high tide 3/37
flœ›r f. flood, in kenning for ale, jastar f. v368/3 (gen. with ítrserki)fn‡sa (t) wv. with dat. spew out v219/3
fnœsa (t) wv. with dat. spew out v77/8
foglheimr m. bird-world, name for the sky 90/17
fold f. field, designation for the earth or land v501/5; ground v170/3(subj. of fór); land v106/2, 85/28, v310/1 (obj. of verr); in kenningfor ruler, foldar vƒr›r (cf. foldvƒr›r) v27/3 (Earl Hákon; acc.
with bi›), v243/3 (Haraldr gráfeldr; subj. of lét); foldar dróttinn,lord of the earth, Ó›inn v96/1 (subj. of ba›)
foldvigg n. ‘land-horse’, in kenning for ship, Ræfils foldvigg, part ofkenning for seafarers, men, rí›endr Ræfils foldviggs, riders of thehorse of Ræfill’s land v245/4 (subj. of megu sjá)
foldvƒr›r m. land-defender, ruler v281/2 (subj. of berr)—to judge
from the commentary at 78/24–5 it probably ought to be fólkvƒr›r(defender of the people, nation) as in WTU; cf. fold
fólginn see felafóli m. fool, rogue 106/18
fólk n. people 3/13, 49/11, 14; host, army v20/4, v63/3 (obj. ofst‡rir), 79/28, v297/4 (pl., subj. of ﬂur›u), 107/6, v443/1; battlev171/4, v382/1, v449/8; sword v460/8 (perhaps a misunderstandingof Merlínússpá II 66 (Skj B II 37), see Háttatal, note to 60/8); in
kenning for war-leader, fólka fellir v194/7, for giants, fróns leggs
f. v210/3 (gen. with reyni)
fólk-Baldr m. kenning for war-leader (King Óláfr of Sweden) v310/1;
see Baldr in Index
fólkjara f. great battle v449/8 t. n.
fólskuverk n. act of foolishness, a foolish thing to do 21/9
fordæ›a f. evil-doer, wicked creature, witch; f. fljó›a evil creature
among women v254/4 (subj. of nam rá›a)
for›a (a›) wv. with dat. save v388/2; at f. sér for protection 25/32
for›um adv. formerly 99/5; of former times, of ancient times v255/2(with jarlar or rudda ek; cf. note)
forkunnar adv. exceptionally 2/27
formáli m. pronouncement 45/32
forn a. ancient, of olden times 5/26, 29, v89/3 (with fótlegg), v153/1(with fangbo›a, i. e. ﬁórr, or Litar), v176/8, 60/18, 67/22, 76/25;
ancient, of a tree v94/8, of the sea v260/5 (with sló›ir)
fornafn n. pronoun Háttatal 1/23; substitution (of a name or descrip-

278

Skáldskaparmáltion for the normal one), replacement (of a proper name),‘pronominatio’ 5/18, 107/13, 28
forneskja f. antiquity, ancient times 40/22, 80/15
forngerr a. made in ancient times (of the mead of poetry) v13/1(with fors)
fornkonungr m. ancient king, king of ancient times 58/5
fors m. waterfall, cascade 44/27, 45/5 (vi› forsinn by the waterfall),v477/8; of the water of baptism v274/3 (subj. of ﬂó); in kenningfor mead (of poetry, Ó›inn’s mead), horna f. v13/3 (obj. of hrósa)
forsimi m. ox-name (‘front-simi’, leading ox?; see simi (2)) v504/6
forskepti n. end of the handle, or perhaps the part of the shaft that
goes through the head of the weapon (see note) 42/35
forstreymis adv. downstream, on the side away from the current 25/4
forverk n. labour (done for another), slave-labour; Fenju f. = gold v188/3
forvitni f. curiosity 24/23 (gen.)fóstr n. fostering; til fóstrs into fosterage 46/21; i. e. members of ahousehold, servants: Fró›a fóstr = Fenja and Menja; their sá› iswhat they grind, i. e. gold (see ch. 43) v147/7. Fóstr is taken as
the first half of the compound fóstrsá›, separated by tmesis; gen.
obj. of unni. Kock, NN 956, reads fóstrgœ›andi ‘feeding-improver’,‘food-provider’, and takes Fró›a sá› as the kenning for gold; see
under sá›fóstri m. (1) foster-son 14/30; fosterer, i. e. father: f. ƒndurgu›s =ﬁjazi v98/1. (2) feeder 19/19 (see Gylf. ch. 34)
fótleggr m. leg; f. veggjar i. e. pillar (in a house conceived as an
animal, fletbjƒrn) v89/4 (acc. with und)fótr (pl. fœtr) m. foot, leg 2/27, 19/34, 21/35, 22/4, v155/4, 108/37,
38, 39, 109/3 (subj.); hoof 49/33
frá see fregna
frakka f. a (Frankish) spear v464/7
fram adv. forward v66/6, v85/4, v254/6 (with gekk), v344/4, v363/2,
v399/2; i. e. into the sea v242/2; fyrir fram along 3/28; um framfurther, in addition 58/36; halda e–u f. carry on s–thing v173/1;
telja fram perform v303 n.; comp. framar further, longer, morev179/8, v180/1
frami m. benefit, advancement, (source of) honour, glory; e–m er
ﬂat lítill frami that is no honour to s–one 21/6; glory, glorious
deeds v281/3 (obj. of telr)
framlyndr a. ambitious, confident, bold v362/1 (used as subst.,
subj. of fundu)
framr a. outstanding, bold v17/4 (with valdi or Valgautr), v265/4(with hersi), v294/3 (with grams, or as subst. (‘the outstandingone’, NN 1154) in apposition to grams), v310/4, v312/4

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framræ›i n. pl. bold, glorious exploits, undertakings v194/8 (withƒll; obj. of vi›r)
framstafn m. fore-stem, prow v348/4 (obj. of vísat)framvíss a. having knowledge of the future, fore-knowing v159/3(with implied subj. we, Fenja and Menja), v171/3 (with vit)fránleitr a. with piercing look, with glittering eyes v210/4 (withstir›ﬂinull)fránn a. shining, glittering (perhaps particularly of the eyes) v56/2,
v151/8 (with fjƒrsega)
frásaga f. story, narrative 19/17
frásƒgn f. story, narrative, account 1/16, 5/34, 39, 6/17; mikillar
frásagnar vert worth detailed treatment 24/19; fœrt í frásagnircelebrated in stories 58/6
frau› n. juice, froth 46/35
fregna (frá) sv. hear of, learn of v32/4 (the clause is introduced by
ﬂví at; the meaning may be pres. perfect, we (= I ) have heard), pp.
fregit v331/2; fregn ek ﬂat I learn (have learned) of this v230/2;
frá ek at I have heard that v183/1, v399/1; with acc. and inf.
v67/5, v285/1
freista (st) wv. try, test (with gen.); f. afls vi› try one’s strength
against v24/4; have a try (ef to see whether) 4/21; f. véla ef try
tricks to see whether 4/26
freki m. ‘bold one, greedy one’, name of a ship v493/1 (cf. Index)
frekr m. ‘bold one, greedy one’, name for a bear 88/7, v510/7
fremja (fram›i) wv. promote, perform; pres. p. fremjandi performer,
achiever, worker 40/9
fremri a. comp. more outstanding v409/2 (with í verƒld ﬂessi)
frenja f. ‘roarer’ or ‘skittish one’, name for a cow v506/2
frerinn see frjósa
frermánu›r m. ‘frost-month’, mid-November to mid-December 99/18
fress m. tom-cat 30/14; name for a bear 88/6, v511/2 (‘hisser, snarler’?)frest n. delay; á ﬂriggja mána›a fresti after an interval of threemonths 40/35
fri›r m. peace 51/34, 52/1, 12, 17; quarter, truce 1/34, v99/8 (gen.
with var› bi›ja)
frí›r a. fair, beautiful v80/1 (with víkingar), v234/1
fri›sein f. peace-delay, i. e. disturbance of peace, warfare (litotes)
v85/6 (ﬂar var f. there was warfare there)fri›stefna f. peace-conference 3/13 (me› sér between each other)fri›støkkvir m. one who drives away or scatters peace, in kenningfor generous man (unidentified; perhaps King Sveinn Eiríksson),baugs f. (i. e. he does not leave the ring in peace, he gives it away)
v262/4 (vocative)

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frjósa (freri, frerinn) sv. freeze 22/27
fró›leikr m. knowledge, learning, information 3/25; scholarship,
scholarly inquiry 5/28
fró›r a. well-informed, learned 3/24; f. e–s wise in s–thing v116/2
fró›ugr a. full of wisdom v99/1
frón n. (poetical word for) land, country 86/26, v501/6; in kenningfor rock, leggr fróns v210/3 (cf. Gylf. Prologue ch. 1)
frost n. frost v125/3
frumseyrir m. first defiler, in kenning for giant, Frí›ar f. v76/4 (gen.
with fljó›; cf. note: f. dreyra ‘first drier up or spiller of blood’, =ﬁórr, NN 446)
frumsmi›r m. first maker, inventor, originator 19/20
fr‡ja f. reproach for failure to do s–thing; incitement (of ﬂat forthat) v18/2 (obj. of ne hlítir)fræ n. seed; in kenning for gold, f. F‡risvalla 40/30 t. n., v185/4(obj. of bárum; i. e. gold arm-rings)
fræg› f. fame, glory v296/4 (gen. obj. of orkat)frægr a. renowned v64/3 (with vári), 21/23, v121/1 (with fleygjanda),
41/28 t. n.
frændi m. kinsman, relative 20/2, 4, 107/18, v445/6frœ›ama›r m. man of learning, scholar 3/23frœ›i n. or f. knowledge 3/18; skill v87/1 (obj. of nam kenna); pl.
records, historical accounts, sources 101/22
frœkn a. bold 22/21, v281/1 (with fjalli)frœknleikr m. valour 58/5, 58/22
fu›ryskill m. sea-scorpion, sculpin v486/6
fugl m. bird 24/25, 46/37, 90/26, 27
fuku see fjúka
full n. (full) cup, drink; me› fulli with (as well as, at the same timeas) a full cup, with a toast v141/4 (cf. fyllr); in kennings for themead of poetry v4/3 (to bring s–one to this is to instruct him in (orinspire him to?) poetry), á Billings burar f. in the poetry, in thepoem v207/3
fullafli a. having complete power v284/1 (refers to Einarr ﬂambarskelfir,
the implied subj. of bei›)fullgóliga adv. very splendidly, with great energy v183/2
fullmalit pp. fully ground, plenty (has been) ground v175/7 (withﬂykki). Cf. malafullr a. full 45/36, 59/20, v334/2 (complement of var›); i. e. complete,absolute 80/9; n. as subst. me› fullu completely, totally, with great
force v236/2
fullspakr a. completely wise, altogether wise (um ﬂik about yourself,
about your own interests) v166/2

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281

fullsta›it pp. ‘fully stood’ (at e–u in a certain work), worked fullyat, done a full stint of v182/5 (cf. standa)
fullsteiktr a. (pp.) fully roasted, done 46/34 (cf. steikja)fullƒflugr a. most mighty v55/1 (with fellir), v242/1 (with Hildr)
fund- see finna
fundr m. (1) find; in kennings for poetry, f. Ó›ins 5/7, 11/29, f.
ﬁundar v37/2. (2) meeting, encounter (e–s with s–one) v66/8;
assembly 106/37, v443/2; á fund e–s to meet s–one, to see s–one
72/10; vi› e–s fund from, as a result of meeting with s–one v367/4
funhristir m. ‘flame-shaker’, in kenning for warrior, Jólnis f. shakerof Ó›inn’s flame, i. e. sword-wielder v84/5 (gen. with ættir).
Kock takes funhristir as a term for ﬁórr, see notefuni m. flame, blaze, fire v151/4, 98/18, v377/1
fura f. poetical word for ship (made of fir or pine, metonymy; see
Falk 1912, 31, 87; cf. eikja) v494/5
fur›u adv. amazingly 20/22
fúrr m. fire; in kenning for gold, f. fló›s v204/1 (gen. with hir›i-Sif )fyldingr m. a kind of (flat?) fish v486/5
fylg› f. accompaniment, following, attendance, support; til fylg›arme› sér in their service 80/11; pl. followers, attendants v445/4;
gen. sg. fyldar ?v243/3 t. n. (cf. Noreen 1923, § 291.5, § 238.1 b)fylg›arma›r m. follower, member of s–one’s following 106/6
fylgja (lg›) wv. with dat. accompany v14/2 (inf. with hykk), 25/25(i. e. it occurred at the same time), 90/2; conduct 59/7; follow 103/7,
104/20, 105/19, 24 (ﬂeir er fylg›u ‘the following of’); belong to52/9; be an essential part of 58/15; nema nakkvat fylgi ﬂví unlesssomething comes (is given) in exchange for it v262/3
fylki n. battalion 107/7, v443/1
fylking f. troop, division, battle array, battle line 100/1
fylkir m. ruler of a fylki, a district, or of a fólk; one who marshals
troops (cf. fylkja) 99/30, 100/1; i. e. Jƒrmunrekkr v156/2 (gen.
with gólfhƒlkvis sá), King Óláfr (of Sweden or Norway) v382/1
fylkja (lkt) wv. (with dat.) marshal, draw up, muster 72/15
fylla (ld) wv. fill (e–t af e–u s–thing with s–thing) 45/20, 35; complete,constitute 106/29; pp. fyldr e–s full of s–thing: in bƒls of fylda themalice-filled v250/6 (with hristi-Sif)fyllr f. fill (one’s fill of food or drink) 1/25, 4/2, v95/1 (pl., obj. of
deila sér), v334/1; a cupful, see note to v141/4 and t. n.; contents,
in kennings for mead of poetry, f. Ó›reris, Bo›nar, Sónar 11/28;
that which fills, name for the sea 96/10, in kenning for waves,fjƒll fyllar v363/1; filling: f. e–s (for) s–thing to be filled (thatis, by himself) v284/1 (bei› fyllar i. e. he has been waiting to
occupy)282

Skáldskaparmálfylvingr m. sword-name, ‘pale-maker’, one who makes men go
pale? v86/2 (instr. with ﬂær tró›usk, see note), v457/1
fyr prep. with dat. = fyrir, before, in the face of, against v217/3; oftime, ago v93/4, v341/4; because of, as a result of s–one’s actions v370/3
fyr›ar m. pl. men, warriors v230/1 (gen. with bló›i or with fƒt),v243/3 (dat. with var›i), 105/25, v440/4; fyrr en fyr›a rather thanmen or rather than one (i. e. a ruler) of men v112/3 (obj. of kve›,
parallel to helgan ræsi; or parallel to heimtjalds); in kenning for
dwarfs (or giants?), fjar›leggjar f. v27/3 (part of kenning for
poetry)fyrir prep. (1) with dat. before, in front of v142/3, v281/3, 80/6, inthe face of v312/3, v314/3; su›r f. south of v396/4; at v194/5;
against 79/31; because of, as a result of v66/2 (see note), v69/6,
v146/1 (with regni), 58/29, v402/3; for (the benefit of) v79/4,
v277/4; for (i. e. belonging to, to the detriment of, equivalent ofdat. of disadvantage) v177/8, v366/4; f. ﬂví (. . . at) for this reason(that), to this extent (that), inasmuch as 45/32 (see note); f. ﬂví er
because 100/12; of time, ago v97/2. (2) with acc. before, in frontof v303 n.; against (with byr) v78/1; off, near v187/2; over v3/4,
over, past v259/6; past v259/7, v261/1, v410/2 (with helztu; su›rf.?); f. land fram along the coast 3/28; su›r f. southwards pastv259/4; f. sunnan (to the) south of v297/2, v367/2; nor›an f.
southwards past or to the north of v259/1; f. austan to the east ofv177/2; f. ne›an beneath v169/4; f. ofan above v365/4; instead of
41/2; f. hƒnd e–s on behalf of, instead of s–one v254/1; for (thebenefit of) v218/3; f. mik for my part, as much as I intend, my turnv175/3; of time, before v20/2, v286/3 (or instead of? in returnfor?). (3) as adv. in front; already there, waiting for him 72/10; tomeet (them) 48/36; hvat sem f. væri whatever the target, whatever
he was up against 42/32; because of it v170/3; before them,because of them v84/8. Cf. fyr
fyrr adv. comp. before 21/14, v362/2 (see finna); previously, earlier
41/14, 16; above (in a book) 14/13, 18/14, 19/10, 30/21, 36/8,
40/32, 41/4, 43/17, 44/29, 63/15, 64/26, 73/31, 90/1, 92/26, 93/13,
95/7, 9, 101/8, v411/2 t. n., 105/21; f. en as conj. until 21/21, 42/7,
rather than v112/4; f. en at before 42/2
fyrri a. comp. previous 72/27, 109/20 (pl.); sooner (en than) v75/1;
fyrra dag the day before yesterday 99/7; ekki or› it fyrra no word
before (this one), he said nothing else (but this) v165/2. In v58/6,
although an a. with Hyrrokkin, the word is the equivalent of an
adv., previously (‘H. was the earlier one to die’); cf. v75/1
fyrst adv. sup. first; to begin with 25/21, v137/1; at the front v63/4;
primarily 58/5

Glossary283

fyrstr a. sup. first 99/17 (predicative, ‘the first’), 99/21; (h)it fyrsta
as adv. to begin with 1/28, 2/26
f‡sask (st) wv. md. be eager (with at and inf.) v74/3
færi a. comp. fewer; dat. n. as subst. (obj. of ræ›r) less (fewer
things) v25/4
fœ›a (dd) wv. feed; md. be born v111/1, v406/2 (inf. with mun);fœ›ask upp be brought up 49/19; pp. brought up 50/17
fœra (›) wv. bring 2/9, 24/25, v100/2 (sér to him; inf. with ba›),v126/1, 49/23, v250/3 (at fœri that she would bring, after hug›i,cf. note); var fœr›r was brought, found himself v85/5; take,remove 20/33, 34, v169/7; put v205/1; f. til adduce 6/18, makeinto 40/23; f. upp lift up 21/38; f. á lopt raise up 25/31
fœri n. opportunity v250/3? See note and cf. fœrafƒ›urbani m. one’s father’s killer 52/3
fƒ›urbró›ir m. (paternal) uncle 20/2
fƒ›urgjƒld n. pl. compensation for one’s father’s death 3/38; inkenning for poetry, f. jƒtna 11/28
fƒ›urtoptir f. pl. father’s homestead, the place where one’s father
had dwelt 19/25, 28
fƒlr a. pale, white; i. e. snow-covered v125/3 (with fjallgar›s; spelledfals in R; cf. Hreinn Benediktsson 1963)fƒlvir m. sword-name, ‘pale one’ (referring to gold hilts?) v459/1
fƒnn f. snowdrift; hrannvalar f. wave v17/3 (gen. with braut); fjar›linna fannir = the sea v260/1 (acc. with ó›); Hei›a fannir thewaves v266/3 (á on, over)fƒr f. journey, expedition 21/16, v123/2? (see far (1)), 40/9; travel,
movement: í f. on his way (me› with; in company with?) v75/1;
i. e. in his travel, course v104/4
fƒrlask (a›) wv. md. fail, diminish, fade v263/3
fƒruneyti n. company 106/26, v440/5
fƒt n. pl. (cf. fat) clothes, clothing v205/1; in kenning for coats ofmail, f. Sƒrla 68/18, v230/1
gaflak n. a small throwing spear v464/7
gagl n. gosling; in kennings for raven or eagle, Hanga g. v248/2(gen. with hungrey›undum), Yggs g. v382/4 (acc. pl. after vi›r)gagn n. victory v44/2, v384/4 (obj. of fekk)
gagnvart adv. (prep.) with dat. opposite (to) 25/29
gala (gól) sv. chant 22/21; g. e–t ór e–u get, enchant s–thing out ofs–thing by chanting v71/4 (p. subjunc. ‘would try (begin) to enchant’)
galdr (drs) m. chant, incantation, spell 22/22, 30, 109/5; in kenningfor teeth, fles galdra v34/4; galdrs hapt = Sigyn v75/4 (cf. noteand NN 2106)

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galei› f. galley, a type of ship used in the Mediterranean (Falk 1912,88) v494/5
gálgi m. gallows 49/27; in kenning for Ó›inn, gálga farmr v33/7(cf. Hávamál 138)
galinn a. (pp.) crazy, frantic, bewitched 106/18
gall v75/6 see gallópnir
galli m. defect, damage, cause of damage, in kenning for axe, damagerof shields: Gauts meginhur›ar g. v145/3 (obj. of berum; ﬂar er
belongs with this word, i. e. in which)gallópnir m. ‘shrill-crier’, name for an eagle 92/2; in kenning forblood, gallópnis ví›ir v343/4; for mountains, divided by tmesis
gall-ópnis hallir v75/6 (gen. with Endils)
gamall a. old 2/7, v101/8 (complement of gƒr›usk with ok hárar),
49/25, 107/38; ancient, of olden times 41/13, v331/1 (with uxna);
primeval v105/3 (with hausi); it is difficult to see which meaning
is implied at v341/3; as nickname (‘of old’?) 50/28, v297/4 (withRƒgnvalds: ‘the former’?), 83/15, 101/10, 105/24
gammlei› f. ‘vulture-way’, sky, air = lopt, i. e. acc. of Loptr, Loki
(ofljóst; note inappropriate gender) v74/2 (acc. with lét)
ganga (1) (gekk, gingu or gengu) sv. go 2/8, v3/2 (fyrir over,down), v76/1 (went on); imp. v11/3; walk 50/6; move 47/37, v356/2;
advance v171/7, v190/2, v241/1 (me› carrying), v396/3 (g. reifr
advance cheerfully); flow, wash (of over) v28/1 (of the mead of
poetry; when it flows or washes over men, like the sea (lá) overa crew (sƒgn), they hear it), v353/2; rage (of around) v236/1; with(at and) inf. go and, set to work to v62/2, v323/4; fram gingu
heyja advanced to fight v399/2; g. at e–u begin, institute 1/8, enter
into 48/1; g. at e–m attack s–one 49/38; g. frá leave, separate from
18/14; g. fram advance v254/5, walk forward, of a ship conceived
as a bear v260/5; g. fram í (ﬁornrann) enter v85/4 (see note); g.
fyrir go before, into s–one’s presence 58/8; láta g. fyrir substitutefor, use instead of 107/12; g. me› go along (the side of) 45/5; g.
sundr split open, apart (se›r practically) v66/7; g. til approach, go
up 22/7, 45/36; g. um concern o–self with, undertake, negotiate 106/8
ganga (2) f. walking, going v74/1 (gen. with bi›ja, i. e. to go), 108/39
gangr m. movement, activity v160/4 (gen. with beiddu); sound of
movement, clatter 109/8; g. gunnvargs = battle v76/1 (gen. with vanir)gar›r m. courtyard 5/2; fence, wall, enclosure 67/21, 108/26, 109/18;
g. risa perhaps = mountain (or mi›gar›r?) v170/2; in kennings forshield(-wall) 69/14, g. bar›a v235/2 (probably collective, i. e.
shields; næfrar is pl.), Geitis g. v71/6; pl. courts, dwelling: jƒtnagƒr›um (gar›a) í (í postposition) v72/3, 25/27 n., í gar›a grjótNí›a›ar into the giant’s home (i. e. Giantland?) v100/7

Glossary285

gar›venju›r m. ‘enclosure-frequenter’, in kenning for ﬁórr, g. I›jafrequenter of I›i’s dwelling-place, i. e. of Jƒtunheimar v74/5. Cf.
gjar›venju›r; -venju›r may be derived from venja f. ‘custom’rather than the vb.
garmr m. dog; damager, enemy, in kenning for a weapon, sword: bliksólar (or bor›-, bar›-, see note) g. v335/4 (dat. with st‡ra). Cf. Garmrin Vƒluspá 44, 49, 58; Grímnismál 44 (Gylf. 34, 50) and Fenrir in Index
garpr m. fine fellow, brave man 106/9, v439/6
gárr m. sword-name, referring to incised pattern on blade? or ‘tearer’?
‘scorn’? v459/7
gassi m. frenzied, crazy person 106/18
gata f. road 59/24; gƒtu eina the same way v41/4 (adv. phrase withsenda); in kenning for shield, path of sword: gunnvita g. v200/3(gen. with gráps)
gaukmánu›r m. ‘cuckoo-month’, mid-April to mid-May 99/19
gaukr m. cuckoo 52/13; né of sal gaukar more than the cuckoos
above the hall (if the text is not corrupt) v165/4
gaupa f. lynx; ver gaupu = mountains v77/4
gaupn f. palm; ilja g. sole of the foot v75/7 (instr. with spendi)
gaurr m. boor 106/18
gedda f. pike (fish) v488/3
ge› n. mind, disposition 108/30; heart, spirits, i. e. courage v249/4(acc. with láta, subj. of fálma)ge›fjƒr›r m. ‘mind-fiord’, kenning for breast, part of kenning for
poetry v39/4 t. n. (gen. with lá)ge›leysi n. capriciousness, inconstancy, instability of mind; or possiblylack of spirit, pusillanimity 108/33
ge›-Njƒr›r m. in kenning for Ó›inn, part of kenning for poetry, ge›Njar›ar hildar lá liquid of battle-Njƒr›r’s mind (i. e. breast) v39/4
ge›rein f. ‘mind-ground’, i. e. breast or mind? (see rein), in kenningfor strong drink, part of a kenning for poetry, ge›reinar gildi v30/2
ge›reynir m. ‘mind-tester’, mind-knower, confidant, friend; in kenningfor Loki, ﬁórr’s friend herﬂrumu Gauts g. v73/5 (subj. of kva›)ge›snjallr a. brave in disposition, character v281/4 (with foldvƒr›r)ge›strangr a. ‘mind-tough’, determined v74/1 (with ﬁórr, if emended
to ge›strangr; see note)
gefa (gaf) sv. give 22/16, 40/7, v141/3, v149/1, v191/3, v199/2,
v334/1, v338/2 (after ﬂar er); imp. v386/2; impers. muna vel gefa
will not be freely given, granted v175/6; delegate 80/3; g. vi› givein exchange 4/12; pres. p. 18/4; pass. p. (or impers.) 59/9, given
in marriage 107/30, of the mead of poetry v37/2; ﬂá er gefit towhich is given 107/26; gáfumk gave me v16/1, v158/3
gefja f. spear; perhaps an error for glefja v464/6

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gegn a. effective, reliable, ready to serve, helpful v191/2 (withgramr), v235/1 (with gn‡stœrir; or with the implied subject ofskaut if sá gn‡stœrir is taken as subject of var; or it could be adv.,‘straight’; cf. gƒgn (1) and (2))
gegna (d) wv. with dat. mean, signify, be a consequence (of); hverju
ﬂetta mun gegna what could be the reason 1/22
gegnum adv. (prep.) throughout, all through v213/4; í gegnum asprep. with acc. through v171/7. Cf. gƒgnum
geimi m. ‘extensive one’, name for the sea v475/5; personified
v364/2 (subj. of bau›); in kenning for gold, geima eldr v193/2
geirahƒ› f. spear-war v449/3 (name of a valkyrie in Gylf. 30; cf.
Grímnismál 36)
geirhvalr m. minke whale (KSk 15); or perhaps the same as geirrey›rm. sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis; see JG 11, 37) v489/1 (‘spear
whale’ LML 120)
geirr m. spear 41/34, 42/20, 22, 46/3, v173/6 (instr. with skor›uvit), v329/10 (instr. with unda›r), v333/5, v339/2 t. n., v464/5; inkennings for battle, geira hregg v219/2, gn‡r geira v279/3, geirave›r v304/3; for warrior, gn‡stœrir geira v235/3
geirrota f. ‘spear-storm, -shower’, i. e. battle v248/1 (gen. withgƒtvar)geirsíl n. garfish or stickleback? v488/6
geirﬂing n. ‘spear-parliament’, battle v399/4 (obj. of heyja). Cf. ﬂing
geirﬂriful f. ‘spear-grasper’, name for a valkyrie (?—cf. Geirdriful,
SnE 1848–87, II 490 (A)); a word for battle v449/4
geisa (a›) wv. surge, rage v374/3
geisli m. ray, beam (of light) v135/3 (me› geislum with brightness,shining; perhaps goes with ve›r rather than kemr); sunbeam v349/4(instr. with merlu›)
geit f. (she-)goat 2/32, v509 t. n.
geitahús n. goat-house, goat-shed 25/22
gellir m. yeller, ringer (sword-name) v451/5; ‘bellower’, ox-namev505/5gelmingr m. sword-name, ‘clanger’ v462/1
geltir see gƒltr
gemlir m. ‘old one’, (year-old) hawk 92/1, v341/3
gengi n. following, troop v265/3
genja f. large frightening creature; axe (‘that which towers, towering’)
v463/4
gera, gjƒrva (ger›i, gƒr›i, pp. gerr, gƒrr, gjƒrr) wv. do 2/31, 40/6,
43/4; make 1/3, v35/3 (subjunc. pl. gørvi, let them make), 41/34,
v200/2 (pp. with tøgdrápa; of about), 72/19, v301/1; ré› gjƒrva
hleyti decided to arrange a marriage connexion v296/2; hold 49/7,

Glossary287

101/11; wage (battle) v83/2; create 109/19; build 59/8; cause
25/15; g. e–t e–m make s–thing for s–one 41/32, 46/18; g. af makeout of them, it 2/37, 22/28; with acc. and a., make s–one s–thingv376/4; with acc. and pp. ger›u gyr›an caused (s–thing) to beencircled v156/1; md. be made 14/11, become 2/6, 20/32, v101/5(or gerask at e–u set about s–thing), 46/20; take place 5/35; set off(til to) v74/5; p. inf. (with frá) v285/2 (g. víg: fight a battle); pp.
vera (ver›a) gjƒr(r) be made 14/11, v309/2 (with él); see gƒrr, gjƒrr
ger› f. activity, deed (‘with a prince’s deeds’? or with clothing,armour, gear, i. e. by giving them gifts—but the phrase may belongwith the lines not quoted in the text) v198/1
ger›ihamrar m. pl. ‘cliffs that enclose or fence’, in kenning forbrows, g. grímu grundar (of the mask’s ground, of the face: theword grímu is in the next (unquoted) lines, see ÍF II 145) v392/1(obj. of hefir of hrundit)
geri m. see Geri in Index
gerla, gƒrla, gjƒrla adv. fully, completely; precisely, accurately, indetail v230/2, v331/2 and t. n.; clearly v71/5
gessni f. insolence, presumption 108/33 (cf. ÁBM under gessa)
gest-Móinn m. sword-name, ‘guest-Móinn’ (‘guest-serpent’) v459/7
gestr m. guest; title for one belonging to a certain (lower) class ofretainers at the Norwegian court v444/3
geta (gat) sv. (1) with acc. get, gain v200/1; receive v340/4; achieve,
produce, provide: vér gátum i. e. I have provided v307/2; with
suffixed neg. gatat ma›r a man could not have found v79/3; beget
v327/6 t. n. (2) with gen. mention, make mention of 5/21, v327/6,
v466/3 (fenna ought to be gen., see Index); make reference to
18/14, 19/17 (ﬂess . . . er how), 20/16, 40/33; heyra getit e–s hears–thing mentioned, hear tell of s–thing v325/6, v326/5; impers.
getr ﬂess it is mentioned, it is implied 44/9; with acc. and inf.
guess, suppose v516/16. (3) with pp. be able 22/6, 52/8; with inf.,
be able, can v46/3, v262/1; manage to, succeed in v119/1, v157/6
geymilá f. ‘kept sea’; bergs g. liquid which is kept in a mountain (ofthe mead of poetry, cf. pp. 3–4) v28/4 (subj. of gengr). Kock, NN
390, suggests grymmilá, surging, rushing, thundering sea, but theword is doubtful (see ÁBM 284 s. v. grym(m)a)
gil n. gully, cleft, gorge; in kenning for mountains, gilja grund v69/5
gildi n. feast, banquet 1/8, 21/3; in kennings for (the mead of) poetry,
grjótaldar ge›reinar g. v30/1, hapta bei›is g. v32/2 (obj. of hefk)
gildir m. one who gives power to s–thing (e–s); in kenning for
warriors, berserks: hjálmelda g. v242/3 (subj. of feldu)
gildr (1) a. valid, of full worth; having full status (at as regards) 80/9
gildr (2) m. worthy, stout, strong one, name for a wolf v514/7

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gim n. poetical word for fire, glowing vapour v374/3, 98/8 (complement)
gimsk‡lir m. shield-name, ‘fire-protection, protection from fire (ofbattle?)’ v470/2 (v. l. gunn‹s›k‡lir AB)
gimsteinn m. jewel 40/17, 22, 108/11
gin n. (the open) mouth; í gin e–m at s–one’s mouth v87/8
gína (gein) sv. yawn (e–u vi› e–u with s–thing over s–thing), open
(e–u s–thing) wide so as to enclose (vi› e–u s–thing) v53/1,
v315/4; gape (used of a ship, probably with a figurehead in mind,
conceived as a bison) v361/4
ginnarr m. deceiver, name for an eagle 92/1
ginningr m. dupe 106/18
ginnregin n. pl. the mighty powers, the gods v104/2 (subj. of skófu),v332/3 (subj. of kalla, ‘call it’)ginnungagap n. mighty, yawning (or magic, deceptive) abyss, theprimeval emptiness 90/16 (Gylf.)
ginnungr m. name for a hawk (cf. ginnarr); ginnunga vé = the sky
v66/4 (subj. of knáttu brinna)
gipta f. grace v267/4 (obj. of fekk)
gir›iﬂjófr m. ‘girdle-thief’, in kenning for Loki, Brísings g. or
Brísings go›a g., thief of Brísingr’s girdle or of the girdle ofBrisingr’s gods, the Brísingamen v100/7 (subj. of of kom)girnask (d) wv. md. desire 5/25, 27
gisting f. being a guest; koma til gistingar til go and lodge for thenight with 24/36; hospitality, food v318/1 (for the wolf, i. e. men
were killed in battle)
gjafrƒtu›r m. gift-finder, -getter, in kenning for poet, Gauts g. thegetter of Ó›inn’s gift v300b/3
gjalda (galt) sv. pay 59/3; g. e–m e–t repay s–one for s–thing; eiga
g. e–m e–t owe s–thing to s–one v17/4 (i. e. we owe you gratitudefor); g. e–m haptsœnis hei› pay s–one the stipend of Ó›inn, makepoetry about s–one v301/3 (galt ek I have been paying)gjaldhróinn m. ram-name, ‘tall noisy one’? v507/4
gjálfr n. splash, gurgle, surge, a name for the sea v111/4 (instr. withkring›um), 94/20, v476/8; in kenning for gold, brandr gjálfrs v147/3,
for blood, unda g. v320/1 (instr. with ro›in); storm (?), in kenningfor mountains, gjálfra fjálfr v69/2 (or perhaps the kenning means‘bear of the seas of the mountain refuge’, i. e. of the mountains)gjálfrstó› n. ‘surge-horses’, (a fleet of) ships v353/3 (instr.)
gjalla (gall, gullu) sv. resound, ring (of spears in battle) v334/2
gjallr (1) m. noisy one, ringer, clanger (sword-name) v451/6; shieldname v470/1; name for the sea v475/5
gjallr (2) a. ringing, resounding; of a shield v238/1 (with hjóls), ofa sword v241/1

Glossary289

gjar›venju›r a. pp. ‘belt-accustomed’, of ﬁórr, who wears themegingjar›ar v74/5 t. n. (thus R, and adopted by DD; gjar›vari›r‘belt-girded’ would be more plausible, but Kock, NN 444, suggests
gjar›vani›r; cf. venja). With one of these readings I›ja can betaken with setrs
gjarna adv. with eagerness; used with vb. to be, eager v15/4
gjósta f. gust, squall 90/18
gjƒf f. gift 58/15, v275/4 (obj. of launak; probably collective); dole
81/5 (subj.); at g. as a gift 59/28; in kennings for poetry, g. Ó›ins,
Grímnis 5/8, 11/29, v39/3 (at in, with)gjƒflati m. gift-grudger, one who is slow to give 106/17
gjƒfrífr a. gift-liberal v214/2 (with as-Freyr)gjƒfull a. generous, munificent; sup. hinn gjƒflasti v188/1
gjƒld n. pl. payment, compensation (e–s for s–one); Gillings g. =(the mead of) poetry v33/4 (cf. p. 3); Otrs g. = gold v189/5 (cf.
otrgjƒld; see ch. 39); repayment, recompense (e–s for s–thing)v92/1 (cf. t. n.: [at] gjƒldum as recompense (i. e. for the gift of theshield; or gunnveggjar may depend on gjƒldum), v238/2 (obj. ofvildi)
gjƒlnir m. ‘gilled’ (?), name for a fish v488/4
gjƒr› f. girdle, belt; second half of compound separated by tmesis,njar›gjƒr› v79/4
gjƒrla v331/2 t. n. = gerlagjƒrr a. complete 2/35; g. e–s imbued with s–thing v390/2 (attributive
with ﬂengill; or predicative, parallel to vígƒrr); g. vi› fitted out
with, filled with v283/2 (with ó›); as pp. of gera, q. v., cf. gƒrrgjƒrva see geragla›a (a›) wv. gladden, cheer (i. e. with gifts) v184/1 (vi› at, becauseof; subj. is unexpressed; it is the king (Eiríkr), or possibly thevb. is impers.: ‘a multitude of men becomes glad’), v197/2. Cf.
gle›jagla›fœ›andi pres. p. mount-feeder, in kenning for war-leader (Earl
Sigur›r), g. Grí›ar, feeder of Grí›r’s mount (the wolf, i. e. one
who provides wolves with carrion; see Gla›r in Index) v241/3(subj. of gekk)
gla›r a. happy v257/4 (with vér; i. e. happily)gla›sendir m. glad sender or distributor, in kenning for generous
man, g. hrauns handa v195/3 (vocative, or perhaps subj. of sér; ornom., parallel to Hermó›r, subj. of átti, NN 904)
gla›værr a. cheerful (of disposition) v393/3
glamm n. noise; gen. pl. used adverbially v341/4
glammi m. noisy person; wolf-name (‘howler’) v514/7; glamma
munr wolf’s hunger (stopping which means to fight a battle to290

Skáldskaparmál

provide carrion) v252/4 (cf. hƒ› and see note); in kenning for
mountains, glamma stƒ› v82/2
glámr m. gleam, gloam 85/21
glaumberg n. joy-mountain, merriment-mountain, breast; in kenningfor poetry v37/4 (gen. with strauma)
glaumr m. noisy merriment 109/5
gle›ja (gladdi) wv. gladden, cheer, make happy (e–n e–u s–one withs–thing) v190/1, v382/1 (gladdening the birds and beasts of prey
is to fight successful battles and so provide them with carrion)
gler n. glass 108/11
glersteinn m. (glass) bead 40/22
gleyma (›) wv. with dat. forget; ekki er at g. one must not consign
to oblivion 5/28
glitra (a›) wv. with dat. cause to shine (upp aloft; that is the swords,
i. e. by drawing them or lifting them up in the sunshine; see note)
v140/2
gljúfr n. cleft; pl. gorge, gully, ravine 25/14
gljúfrskeljungr m. ‘gorge-whale’, giant; in kenning for ﬁórr’s hammer,
grand gljúfrskeljungs v49/4
glóa (a›) wv. glow; pres. p. 25/30
glóbarr n. glowing, shining foliage; Glasis g. = gold v188/5
gló›brjótandi m. (pres. p.) ‘ember-breaker’, in kenning for warleader, g. gunnar, breaker of the ember of battle, i. e. of the sword
v287/2 (gen. with gó›mennis)
gló›ir, glœ›r f. pl. glowing material, red-hot embers v346/2 n. andt. n., v371/4 (obj. of skaut), 97/28; i. e. fire v373/1 (acc. with hyggek); in kennings for (articles of) gold, g. Gautreks svana brautar
v149/7 (dat. with drifna), g. armleggs v199/1; hafs g. = surf
v356/1 (obj. of hrau›; cf. gull and Gló› in Index)
glópr m. simpleton 106/18
gluggr m. window 24/24
glúmr m. dark one, one who gives dark looks 88/6 (cf. Index)
glygg n. wind, breeze 90/17
glyggrann n. the house, hall of the winds, the sky, heaven v270/2(gen. with gramr)
gl‡ju›r m. ‘bright, transparent one’ or ‘glad one’, name for the sea
v476/5glymfjƒturr m. noisy fetter, in kenning for the sea, skers g. (thatwhich binds or surrounds the rocks) v260/8 (obj. of braut: it isbroken by the bear representing the ship)
glymja (glum›i) wv. resound; bang (vi› on, against) v78/6 (inf.
with knátti); crash, beat, of the sea v106/4; of a wave or streams(i. e. the mead of poetry) v30/3, v37/3 (inf. with heyr); of armour,Glossary

291

jangle v288/1 (inf. with lætr; of sik on himself, i. e. as he puts iton); rattle v346/4
glymr m. resounding noise, roaring, din 66/16, v357 n., 109/7; inkenning for battle, g. Gƒndlar v225/1; ox-name v505/6
glymvindr m. noisy wind, in kenning for storm of battle, g. Gƒndlar
v222/1 (i. e. missiles flying like rain; dat. with taka)glysmál n. pl. shining speeches, in kenning for gold, I›ja g. v189/8(see p. 3)
glær m. ‘the bright’, name for a bow v467/3glæsima›r m. a person of splendid appearance, dandy 106/19, 107/28,
v442/1glæstr a. splendidly ornamented v191/1 (with valstƒ›var; predicative,
so that they look splendid?), v353/4 (with gjálfrstó›um)glævir m. ‘shining one’, helmet-name v473/4glœ›r f. pl. see gló›irglƒ›u›r m. gladdener; g. e–s one who gladdens s–one (with gifts); g.
hersa one who is generous to lords, king (Haraldr har›rá›i) v120/2
glƒmmungr m. a kind of fish, perhaps a gurnard v487/7
gløggvingr m. a mean, close person 106/16 (gløggr a. ‘careful’)
gnap n. ‘overhanging one, towering one’, name for the sea v475/5
gnarr m. ‘noisy one, murmurer’, name for the sea v475/6
gnat n. ‘crashing’, name for the sea v477/1
gneggju›r m. name for the wind, ‘neigher’ v332/3
gneisti m. spark; ox-name v505/1
gnesta (gnast) sv. clash, crash v222/2
gni›r m. ‘murmur’, the sea v476/7
gnípa f. mountain-top, peak; in kenning for waves, of hvals ranngnípur over the peaks of the whale’s house v260/3; in kenningfor giants, hreinar gnípu Lista, reindeer of peak-Lister, of themountains v85/7
gnógr a. enough, ample v318/2 (with gisting); i. e. very great v105/4(predicative with rausn)
gn‡fari m. ‘noisy traveller’, name for the wind v332/5
gn‡ja (gnú›i) wv. roar, of the sea v123/1; fly noisily, of missilesv219/1; g. á knock or rub against, wash over v319/3
gn‡r m. clash, din 66/16, 109/7; in kennings for battle, odda g.
v224/1 (gen. with œsi), g. Gunnar (i. e. the Battle of Hjƒrungavágr)
v227/3 (clause probably goes with Búi), ﬂar í gn‡ geira in thatbattle v279/3; cf. next
gn‡stœrir m. ‘clash-increaser’, in kenning for warrior, war-leader:g. geira, increaser of the clash of spears, of battle v235/3 (subj. ofskaut, or perhaps sá gn‡stœrir is the subj. of var; it could be partof the syntax of both clauses)

292

Skáldskaparmálgnæfa (a›) wv. project high in the air or gnæfr a. towering: cf.
v93/6 t. n.
go›, gu› n. god 3/12, 5/31, 35, v6/2 (pl., subj. of st‡r›u), v15/3 (=Ó›inn, in apposition to bró›ur), v19/2 (subj. of hló›u), 17/30,
v95/8 (gen. with varnendr), 36/25, 40/38, 41/2, 28, 84/19; goddess
30/14; til go›a back to the gods v33/8; me› go›um i. e. belonging
to the gods v326/6, cf. 41/28 (cf. Alvíssmál (v332 and v380),
Hávamál 143), among, i. e. by the gods v332/2, v380/2 t. n.,
v380/3; in kenning for I›unn, go›a dís v100/6 (or with Brísingsgir›iﬂjófr, thief of the girdle of Brísingr’s gods; if B. were a dwarf
or a dwarf’s dwelling, these would be the dwarfs, one-time possessors
or makers of the Brísingamen); in kenning for giants, flugstalla g.
v73/2 (gen. with fjƒrnets); cf. gu› (1)gó› n. what is good, benefit v404/4 (e–s for s–thing)go›brú›r f. god’s bride (i. e. Ska›i) v59/6 (subj. of nama)
go›lax m. moonfish, opah v488/7
gó›menni n. fine, noble band of men (e–s belonging to s–one)v196/1 and v287/1 (gen. obj. of njóta), 374/4
gó›r (n. gott) a. good v92/1 (the noun it qualifies is illegible; W hasgó›s, with gunnveggjar), v135/3 (with ljós), v172/3, v195/4, v238/1(with gjƒld), 72/22, v343/3 (with spjalli), v383/4; e–t ﬂykkir e–m
gott s–one is pleased at s–thing 24/27; allt it gó›a all the good,obj. of vegr (parallel to ﬂat er misgert ﬂykkir) v116/2
gói f. ‘snow-month’, mid-February to mid-March 99/18. Cf. ÍF
XXXIV 3–6, Flb I 22
gól see galagoldinn v130/1 t. n. = gollinn
gólf n. (floor of) room 22/31, 35/21, v155/2; room? 67/20
gólfhƒlkvir m. ‘floor-horse’ (cf. Hƒlkvir in Index), kenning forhouse, part of kenning for bed, gólfhƒlkvis sár v156/2. Kock, NN
1916, takes hƒlkvir to mean ship.
goll see gullgollinhorni m. ‘golden-horn’, ox-name v505/2
gollinn a. golden, gilded v130/1. Cf. gullinn
gómr m. gum (in the mouth) 108/16; tip of the finger 108/35; inkenning for teeth, góma sker v37/3
gormánu›r m. ‘slaughter-month’ (?) (mid-October to mid-November)
99/17
goti m. horse (the name of Gunnarr’s horse; originally perhaps‘Gothic horse’, cf. Index); in kenning for ship, sólbor›s g. v259/2(subj. of lét sveggja).
gotnar m. pl. poetical word for men v120/4 (gen. with far), 105/28,
v439/5. Cf. Index (sg. goti is generally only found as a proper name)Glossary293

grád‡ri n. ‘grey-beast’, wolf v514/2
grafa (gróf) sv. dig 46/28; dig into, cut through, make furrows in
v351/3; pp. grafinn dug open v315/3 (with munni = grave)gramr (1) a. angry v90/2 (referring to ﬁórr, the implied subj. of fór)
gramr (2) m. ruler (lit. ‘hostile, fierce one’; used of kings, earls andgods; cf. Index) v130/1 (gen. with snekkju), v225/2 (gen. withfjándr), v381/4 (hverjum gram dat. of comparison with betri,‘better than any other’), 99/29; earl (ﬁorfinnr) v282/4 (acc. withﬂraut), v384/3; king, i. e. Eiríkr bló›øx v11/3; i. e. Magnús gó›iv105/3 (ﬂess grams gen. with rausn), v406/2 (vocative); i. e.
Hrólfr kraki v188/1; (Sveinn Úlfsson) v191/1, v198/1 (gen. withger›um; or with hir›); (Haraldr hárfagri) v219/1; (St Óláfr) v196/4,
v277/4; (Magnús Erlingsson) v323/3; (Haraldr har›rá›i) v373/2;(King A›alsteinn) v392/1; grams rúni = Earl Hákon (the gramr
may not be any specific ruler here) v288/1; inn helgi gramr = StÓláfr v294/4; Svía g. (Óláfr Eiríksson) v310/4; Hli›skjálfar g.
= Ó›inn v22/2; Bilskirnis g. = ﬁórr v49/1 (subj. of nam, antecedent of hinn er); g. glyggranns = Christ, God v270/1; engla
gramr, Jórdánar g. = Christ v273/3, v274/2; gilja grundar g.
(mountain-ruler) = giant (Hrungnir) v69/6 (subj. of hné)
granahár n. whisker 45/39, 46/1
grand n. (causer of) harm (e–s to s–thing), damager 39/19, 70/29;
destruction: lífs grand i. e. death v405/4; in sword-name, Leifnis
g. v452/6; g. gljúfrskeljungs = ﬁórr’s hammer Mjƒllnir v49/3; inkenning for axe (or sword), g. hlífar v147/3, g. hjálms v244/3
granda (a›) wv. with dat. harm 52/2, v164/2 (inf. with skyli); harming
gold or hoards means to give it away, be generous v192/2, v311/3
grandaukinn a. (pp.) damage-, wound-swollen or greatly harmed(which has had its harms increased), much-wounded v321/4 (withná); Kock, NN 2522, suggests ‘sand-filled’
gránn a. grey (cf. grár) v361/3 (with sjár, or hlunnvísundr?), v399/3(inn grána with hólm, q. v.); metaphorically = grim, evil, dangerous,
dire v85/8 (with fri›sein). Cf. v130/1 t. n.
grannligr a. slender-looking 58/8
grannr a. slender, slim v204/3 (with hir›i-Sif). Cf. v130/1 t. n.
granrau›r a. red-whiskered; as nickname 103/11 (grƒn refers tofacial hair, particularly on the lips, the moustache, but also sometimes
the beard)
gránserkr a. ‘grey-shirted’, grey-clad, of the moon v135/4
granstraumar m. pl. ‘lip-streams’, in kenning for (the mead of)poetry, g. Grímnis v75/5 (obj. of ek ﬂyl)
gráp n. hail-storm v66/3 (dat. with hrundin); in kenning for battle,
hail-storm of the shield: gunnvita gƒtu g. v200/4 (gen. with leygs)

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grár a. grey (cf. gránn) v329/9 (with annarr, sc. hestr)
gráserkja›r a. (pp.) ‘grey-shirted’, mail-coated v171/8
gráta (grét) sv. weep 3/31; g. e–u at e–m weep (tears of) s–thing fors–one v435/1
grátfagr a. tear-fair, who has beautiful tears (they were made ofgold, see v435/1–2, Gylf. 29/27) 30/14
grátr m. weeping, lamentation; tears 40/28 (ungrammatically nom.),
43/17; in kenning for gold, Mardallar g. v145/4 (subj. of liggr);
pl. 17/30
greddir m. feeder, in kenning for war-leader (Haraldr har›rá›i), g.
hrægamms ara sævar v333/5 (subj. of lætr)grei›a (dd) wv. pay 45/35
greifi m. count (German Graf) 80/4
grein f. division (into categories) 5/15; category, class 5/17; distinction(between homonyms) 109/19; distinction of meaning 109/20; branchv73/5 t. n.
greina (d) wv. divide, distinguish 5/11; make a distinction: ef eigi erannan veg greint if no other details are given 61/16
greip f. grip, grasp, the space between thumb and fingers v88/8(gen. with brjósti), v129/4 (instr. with ver›a spend), 108/35
greipa (a›) wv. grip, grasp; ?comprehend: g. mart in the mead of
poetry means to make a long poem, or to include much material
in a poem v26/2
grellskap n. anger, passion 108/32
grennir m. feeder, in kenning for warrior, g. Gƒndlar skúfs v357 n.
(dat. after at)
greppr m. poetical name for a poet v300b/4, 105/18; the poet, I
v281/3 (subj. of telr), v343/3, v384/3; or for man in generalv439/3; in kenning for giants, S‡rar fentanna g. v292/3 (gen. pl.
with jast-Rín)greypr a. grim, harsh, dangerous v85/7 (with fasta)gri› n. pl. truce 3/13; safety, safe-conduct 21/2; á e–s gri›um unders–one’s protection 21/5; lætr g. gulli slitna i. e. makes war ongold, gives it away, is generous v183/3 (acc. with lætr)gri›alauss a. without truce, without promise of free passage, without
guarantee of security, i. e. without permission to enter 59/7
gri›amark n. symbol of truce 3/16
gri›asta›r m. place of sanctuary 6/24
gri›ungr m. bull 90/13, v505/5
gríma f. (mask-)helmet v392 n., v473/3; a name for night v380/3.
Cf. Index
grim› f. cruelty, ferocity 108/32
grímr m. ‘masked one’, name for a snake 90/12. Cf. Index

Glossary295

grindlogi m. sword-name, ‘shield-flame’ v453/7, 455/8 (in VígaGlúmr’s verse in ÍF IX 70 part of a kenning, g. Gƒndlar)
grípa (greip) sv. grasp 1/29; g. e–u til snatch at it with s–thing 42/13
gripr m. precious object 42/1, 17, 21, 25, v147/2, 59/3; precious
possession: er e–m munu gripir í ﬂykkja which one will thinkworth having 2/3
gríss m. pig, young swine 90/15, v513/2
grjá n. machine, mill v160/3 (acc. with bei›a, i. e. they demanded
movement from it), v168/2 (gen. with fjalli); the word is doubtful,and may be a form of the word grár a. grey (with grjóts, which
would then be gen. with gangs, and with fjalli), or of a noun
meaning ‘greyness’. Kock, NN 68, suggests that grjóts grjá means‘grey ones of stone’, i. e. the millstones, and that grjá fjall means‘mountain of the grey one’,‘wolf-mountain’
grjót n. rock, stones (collective) 1/32, 40/31, 50/14, v160/3 (millstones; gen. with grjá or with gangs), v170/1, 60/13, 61/14, 72/29,
v257/3 (dat. with hlƒ›um; rocks would be used as missiles in asea-battle), 108/18; in kennings for gold, Rínar g. v192/4, g.
Hja›ninga v204/4 (gen. with tró›ur; see Index under Hja›ningar)
grjót-Ní›u›r m. kenning for giant (ﬁjazi), rock-N. v100/8 (gen.
with gar›a)grjótƒld f. rock-people, giants or dwarfs, in kenning for the mead of
poetry v30/1 (gen. with gildi or ge›reinar)
gróa (greri) sv. grow; heal 72/20; grow, i. e. be expressed (of poetry,
conceived as seed; oss: for me, in me, dat. of respect with sefreinu)
v36/2; pp. vi›i gróinn tree-grown, forest covered (with eingadóttur,
i. e. of the land of Norway) v118/4
gró›r m. growth 39/30
gruna (a›) wv. impers., e–n grunar one suspects, has a feeling 24/31
grund f. (grassy) ground 86/1, v501/4; territory (personified?) v311/1;
land, shore v258/2; the earth v66/3, v270/1; = jƒr›, i. e. the goddessJƒr›, mother of ﬁórr (ofljóst) v70/4; sea-bed or earth, in kenningfor Midgard serpent, grundar fiskr v49/3; sólar g., dags g. sky
v107/2, v113/2 (gen. with konungr); [grímu] g. = face v392/2(gen. with ger›ihƒmrum); land, in kennings for rulers: grundarhljótr ground-, land-getter, i. e. successful ruler (Hákon Sigur›arson)
v197/1 (or grundar might be the obj. of njóta, see note), grundarvƒr›r (Haraldr gráfeldr) v279/4; Dana g. = Denmark v398/2 (gen.
with harra); gilja g. = mountains v69/5 (gen. with gramr)
grunn n. shallow (in the sea), i. e. coast-line v333/6 (obj. of stika)
grunnr m. foundation, ground; hlusta g. = head v56/3 (obj. of laust)
grunnungr m. (small) cod, ‘haunter of the shallows’ v488/3
gr‡la f. fox (vixen) v412–517 n. (see Index)

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grynna wv. become shallow; grynni n. shallow: cf. v28/4 t. n.
gr‡ta f. pot; shield-name v470/3
grœ›ir m. healer, enricher, growth-increaser, name for the sea v321/3,
92/26, 94/15, v353/3 (obj. of reistu), v476/5grœnn a. green v73/5 (with brautir, i. e. a direct, easy route), v315/3(with Hlƒ›ynjar = earth), v321/3, v399/3 (attributive with lind)grƒf f. pit, trench 46/28, 30
grƒn f. (usually pl.) lips (of a wolf), obj. of rau› v323/3, v339/4;
moustache, hair round the mouth 108/19
gu› (1) m. God v269/2, v272/4, v273/2, v298/4 (vocative), v398 n.
gu› (2) n. see go›gu›blí›r a. ‘god-blithe’, with the joy of a god, i. e. divinely happy
v135/1 (with be›ja)
gu›ja›arr m. god-defence, kenning for Ó›inn 9/28
gull, goll n. gold 3/3, v63/4 (instr., i. e. of the material, with byrstum),40/16, 27, 32, 41/7, 9, 22, 32, 42/6, 43/11, 44/25, 28 (subj.),
45/20, 47/20, v183/3 (dat. of respect with slitna), 61/11, 61/14(complement?), v214/1 (instr. with stokkna), 95/1, v361/3 (dat.
with búnum), v435/2 (instr., tears of gold); of glittering waterv358/2 (the sea was as if tossing pieces of gold about; cf. gló›ir
v356/1); in kenning for sword, gunnar g. v196/2 (gen. with brjótanda)
gullau›igr a. rich in gold 3/2
gullbaugr m. gold ring 45/26, 48/4, 20
gullbrjótr m. ‘gold-breaker’, i. e. distributor of gold, generous man 79/27
gullbúinn a. (pp.) decorated with gold, gold-adorned (see note) v407/4
gullfáinn m. ‘gold-coloured or -decorated’, shining with gold (cf.
ÁBM under fáinn), helmet-name v472/3
gullhjálmr m. golden helmet 20/21, v393/4
gullhringr m. gold (arm-)ring 42/10, 52/4, 58/17, 59/1, 108/36
gulli m. stepfather (lit. treasure?); g. Ullar = ﬁórr (cf. 19/31) v89/5(subj. of laust)
gullinn (= gollinn) a. golden v142/2
gullsendir m. gold-sender, gold-distributor, i. e. generous man 62/19,
v197/1 (the poet; according to Kock, NN 410, however, it refers to
the earl, see note)gullskati m. gold-prince, one generous with gold 63/3, v200/1 (i. e.
as a friend; Kock, NN 787, compares Old English goldwine),
106/14, v442/2
gullstrí›ir m. gold-afflicter, enemy of gold, generous man 62/27,
v199/1 (Sigur›r Jórsalafari)gullu see gjalla
gullvífi›r a. gold-wrapped v147/4 (with hró›rbarni, i. e. the precious
weapon; or with grandi?)Glossary

297

gullvƒrpu›r m. gold-thrower (distributor), generous man 62/24,
v198/2 (subj. of vi›r)
gumarr m. ram-name, ‘gamboller’ v507/3
gumi (pl. gumar, gumnar) m. man v281/3, 105/27, v439/3, 4; =brú›gumi ‘bridegroom’ 105/28
gunndjarfr a. battle-bold v227/4
gunnr f. battle v80/4 (gen. with snotrir, in battle), v235/4 (gen. with
æfr), v241/4 (subj. of svall); in kenning for raven, gunnar svanr
v147/6 (gen. with gœ›andi); for sword, gunnar gull v196/1; forman (warrior), runnr gunnar v202/2, gunnar gló›brjótandi (i. e.
sword-breaker) v287/1; for ﬁórr, hra›skyndir gunnar v88/2; cf.
v80/1–4 n., v221/4. See Index
gunnríkr a. battle-powerful, powerful in battle v288/2 (with rúni)
gunnvargr m. ‘battle-wolf’, sword; gunnvargs gangr = battle v76/2
gunnveggr m. ‘battle-wall’, shield(-wall) v92/2 (gen. with brú; orwith gjƒldum)
gunnveitir m. battle-giver, warrior, war-leader (Hrólfr kraki) v190/1
gunnviti m. battle-beacon, -flame, i. e. sword v200/3 (gen. withgƒtu)gustr m. squall, gust, draught 90/25; a strong wind v259/3 (subj. ofskaut)
gy›ja f. goddess; gen. with vé, i. e. divine v135/1 (refers to Sól)g‡gjarsonr m. giantess’s son (i. e. Magni, son of Járnsaxa; cf. 22/9)
22/19
g‡gr f. giantess 24/37; axe v463/6
gyl›ir m. ‘howler’, wolf v323/2, v324/3 (subj. of naut), v514/8
gylfi m. ruler (Hákon gó›i) v393/3 (see Index; cf. Helgakvi›aHundingsbana I 49, II 27)
gylltr a. (pp.) golden, gilded v130/1 t. n.
gylta f. sow 90/15
gyma f. earth v501/3
gymir m. ‘the wide, yawning one’, name for the sea (cf. Gymir in
Index) 92/25, v476/6
gyr›a (r›) wv. encircle v156/1 (pp. with ger›u, caused to be encircled,
made a circle round)gyss m. mockery 109/6
gæfa f. (good) fortune v204/3
gæima›r m. heedful person 107/27
gæi-ﬁrú›r f. ‘goddess who cares for, looks after s–thing (e–s)’, inkenning for woman (unidentified), hrosta lú›rs g. keeper of themalt-box (mash-tub) or ale-vessel v360/2
gær adv., í gær yesterday 99/7
gæta (tt) wv. with gen. look after, take care of, pay regard, attention

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to 5/5; guard, keep watch over v277/1; pres. p. as subst. keeper,
guardian 30/19, 80/10 (with fjár, of money)gætir m. guardian, in kenning for giant (Hrungnir), bjarga g. i. e.
inhabitant of the mountains or of rocks v68/1 (dat. of respect with
und iljar)gæzla f. keeping, guardianship; ﬂar til gæzlu in charge of it 4/1
gœ›a (dd) wv. endow (at e–u with s–thing) v60/2; benefit, enrich,equip (e–n e–u) v188/2; pres. p. benefitter, strengthener, in kenningfor warrior, gœ›andi gunnar svans feeder of the raven (by providing
it with dead bodies) v147/7 (subj. of unni)gœli see galagƒfugligr a. magnificent, noble in appearance 1/12
gƒfugr a. splendid, glorious, bringing honour v130/2
gƒgn (1), í g. prep. with dat. towards, to meet v11/3
gƒgn (2) f. ‘(that which flies) through or direct’, arrow-name v465/8gƒgnflaug f. ‘direct flier’ or ‘through-flier’, arrow-name v465/7. Cf.
Gusir in Indexgƒgnum adv. and prep. with acc. through 4/29, 32, 25/32, 33; í gƒgnum
46/30, v235/1; e–n . . . í gƒgnum through s–one 48/26; lostinn ígƒgnum struck through 19/12. Cf. gegnumgƒll f. noise, din, tumult 109/7; battle v449/3 (name of a valkyrie in
Gylf. (Grímnismál 36) and SnE 1848–87, II 490 (A))
gƒltr (pl. geltir) m. boar 18/27, 42/6, 27, 90/15, v513/1 and t. n.; inkenning for whale, Vi›blinda g. v201/2 (gen. with svalteigar), 63/13
gƒr(-), gør-, gjƒr- see ger-; gƒrla see gerlagƒrr a. complete; g. e–s full of, prone to s–thing v75/1 (with farmr,
i. e. Loki; gƒrr í fƒr perhaps ‘ready to go, ready for a journey’ or‘ready on his way’ (NN 445). Cf. gjƒrr and geragƒrva adv. completely v90/1 (with fór or with gramr, extremely)gƒtvar f. pl. gear, clothing; geirrotu g. = armour, coats of mailv248/1 (subj. of hlé›ut). Cf. Egils saga 2003, 85 (v. 24)
gørsimi f. treasure v379/4 (with ﬂeira, obj. of skipta). See Gersimi
in Index
hadda›r pp. with hair (of a certain kind) v10/3 t. n.
haddblik n. bleaching, washing one’s hair 49/33
haddr m. (a woman’s) hair, head of hair, coiffure(?) 40/28 (nom.,see note to 40/27–31), 41/29, 32, 34, 42/20, 48/10, 108/20
há› n. satire 40/15; scorn, spite v38/3 (obj. of sn‡)ha›na f. young nanny-goat v509/2 (subj. of heitir?)há›u see heyja (1)haf n. sea 6/2, 38/25 (subj.), 52/20, 63/13, 72/8, 92/25, 93/18,
v348/1, v356/2, v358/2, v475/2; vi› hafs botni in or round a bay

Glossary299

of the sea v120/4; in kenning for (the mead of) poetry, Ó›reris
hafs alda? v34/4, see note; in kenning for ship, hafs otr v263/1
hafa (›) wv. have 21/10, v283/3; i. e. offer v275/1 (but perhaps it
should be hef ek, I raise, cf. hefja; A has hefik); possess v303 n.;lead (a life) v383/3; use 1/7, 3/3, 25/20, 109/15; take, make use of
109/20; include 85/15; wear 40/23, 61/15; hold 2/14, 21/26, 32;
put, keep 42/25, 35; get 2/30; h. e–t af e–u take s–thing froms–thing 6/6; h. at e–u use as, keep as s–thing v159/8, v174/4; h.
eptir have left, keep 45/29; h. e–t fyrir meet (s–one) with s–thing
48/36; h. fyrir e–t have as s–thing, use as s–thing 21/27, 41/1; h.
me› sér take away with one 52/17; h. til use for 5/14, 74/4, haveready, have available, have to give 58/16, 17; h. uppi brandish
20/37; h. verr behave worse (or get the worst of it?) v377/4.
Impers. fjarri hefir it is far from likely v111/1. With pp. hefirvar›an (cf. verja) v50/1, of gœddan hefr (with two subjects)
v60/2, hefir sta›it v122/1, hefir hrundit v128/1, malit hefi ek (‘Ihave finished grinding’) v175/3, malit hƒfum v182/3, hafa fullsta›it
v182/5, hafa logit v206/1, hefi ek lagit v207/4; hefi ek einrá›itv216/3; hefir rem›an sik v268/3; hefi ek fregit v331/2; hefir ofhrundit v392/1; hefir valdit v397/2; hƒfumk = hefir mik v206/3(with stiltan)
hafgufa f. a kind of fabulous sea-monster v489/2 (‘sea-fumer’;‘kraken’ LML 125; see KSk 17; JG 8, 36; ¯rvar Odds saga, Fas
II 289; Fritzner 1886–96, I 686)
haflau›r n. sea-foam v357 n. (obj. of stœrir)hafleygr m. sea-flame, i. e. gold v194/4 (subj. of ﬂrymr)
hafn‡ra n. ‘sea-kidney’, jewel = Brisingamen v64/6 (obj. of ræ›r á›r)hafr m. goat 20/3, v66/5 (subj. of drógu), v508/1 and t. n.; inkenning for ﬁórr, hafra njótr v54/3
háfr m. fishing net (in the form of a bag on a pole); as first part ofcompound in kennings for river, háfmƒrk (separated by tmesis;
háf- seems to belong with both mƒrk and markar in line 1) v78/4
hafrakan (probably n.) sword-name, ‘sea-borne’? v452/8
hafrei› f. lifting carriage, carriage that moves up and down (seehefja; or sea-carriage = ship, cf. haf), in kenning for ship, h.
hlunns (gen. with hlœ›ir) v267/1 (Kock, NN 428, suggests hárei›)
hafrhvalr m. dolphin v489/1 (= höfrungur, Delphinus delphis ÁBM;perhaps could be used of any male whale, cf. JG 6, 34; not in KSk)
hafskí› n. ‘sea-ski’, ship v260/6 (gen. pl. with sló›ir)hafskip n. ocean-(going) ship v355/3
haf-Sleipnir m. sea-Sleipnir, kenning for ship v242/2 (acc. with lét,
subj. of ﬂramma)
hafstrambr m. a kind of sea monster v489/3 (KSk 27, where it is300

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described with some features of the hooded seal (see KSk 163); cf.
Blöndal 1920–24; not in JG)
haga (a›) sv. with dat. arrange, order, construct v38/4
hagl n. hail v77/3, 44/26, 67/27, 71/15, 74/6; in kennings for arrows,
h. strengjar v222/3 (dat. with drífr), v248/2, bogna h. v247/3(obj. of skók), brynju h. v249/3 (subj. of brast)
hagna (a›) wv. with dat. benefit v34/2 (it is unclear whether the obj.
is mér, vísa or unexpressed; see note)hagsmi›r m. skilled maker v300b/7 (v. l. hagskí› (‘skill-ski’) gives
no sense; cf. skapsmi›r)haka f. chin 108/22
hála adv. greatly v218/1
halda (helt) sv. with dat. hold (of e–m over s–one) v21/2; keep(possession of) v178/1 (inf. with munat); heltu, helztu you held,
defended successfully v217/1 and v314/1 (fyr(ir) e-m against s–one),you took, led v410/1; keep, preserve 6/2, 45/28; support, maintainv398 n.; h. hró›ri uphold his praise, pursue, continue his praise,
make poetry in praise of him v299/3; abs. hold on 25/5; impers.,
e–u heldr s–thing continues, lasts v213/3; h. aptr hold back, restrain
or drive back (home) v52/2; h. e–u fram go on with, carry on, continue
with s–thing v173/1 (cf. at (1)), h. saman put together v231/1;
with acc. possess, occupy v409/3; imp. halt keep v386/3; h. fyrir
treat as, use as 101/23, 103/18; md. remain valid, be fulfilled 45/31,
46/4, 5, continue, last v390/3 (inf. with bi› ek: that his life may last)
hálfgjƒrr a. (pp.) half-built v375/4 (with inni)
háleitr a. noble, splendid in appearance v342/2 (of a poem)
hálfa f. region, area 41/14
hálfr a. half; dat. sg. n. hálfu as adv. with comp. 42/9
hálfr‡mi n. half a rowing bench, the rowing position on one side of
the ship; hálfr‡mis félagi the man who sits on the same side of therowing bench 107/22 (cf. rúm ‘rowing position’; v. l. -r‡nis)
háll a. slippery v78/3
hallardyrr f. pl. entrance to the hall 20/29
hallargólf n. hall-floor, the middle of the hall 40/39
hallhrímnir m. ‘hall-crier’, helmet-name v472/5
hallland n. ‘(whet)stone-land’, that on which the whetstone travels,
sword; in kenning for warrior (ﬁórr), halllands her›ir v79/2
hallr m. stone (millstone) v175/2, v181/8; sá hinn har›i h. that hardstone, i. e. mill-stone v168/4; hall as first part of compound separated bytmesis, hallvƒllr plain of stones, mountain v86/2 (gen. with salar)
hallvƒllr see hallr
halr m. man, hero v220/1 (unidentified), v445/8; human being v170/8
háls m. (1) neck (usually with dat. of person) 4/14, 22/4, 40/23,

Glossary301

42/8, 43/5, v250/6 (gen. with baug, or the first half of a compoundseparated by tmesis, i. e. neck-ring; Kock, NN 1505, links it withhringa), 108/6. (2) front lower corner of a sail (Falk 1912, 64);
fore-part of ship, front rowing position (Falk 1912, 84); the endsof the planks where they curve up to the stem (Falk 1912, 51–2;
LK 134, 160; cf. English hawse); v497/5. (3) ridge (of hills) v502/1
hálsgjƒr› f. neck-ring, necklace 61/15
hálsstemni n. háls = fore-part of ship, front rowing position; thejoints between the planks and the stem; stemni or stefni = stem
(collective for the three parts of the stem Falk 1912, 35); hálsstemni
is perhaps the inner part of the stem of a ship; or perhaps =‘grooved stem’, where the planks were grooved into each other orinto the stem, see LK 134–5; the front stem? v497/4
haltr a. halt, lame; weak form halti as nickname 6/37
hamarr m. (1) hammer v48/1 (dat. (instr.) with fórsk), 20/37, 21/37,
v69/6, v90/2, 42/16, 31, v288/3 (instr. with slegnar), v497/7 (Falk1912, 13)
hamarr m. (2) male porbeagle (cf. hámerr) v487/5
hamarskáld n. nickname 104/23 (perhaps from hamarr ‘crag’, relating
to a place of origin?)hámerr f. porbeagle, mackerel-shark (modern Icelandic hámeri) v486/7
hamla f. rowlock (a thong to hold the oar in position), grummet,
thole-strap v498/2 (Falk 1912, 71; LK 167–8; also a thong holding
the top of the steering oar to the side of the ship (Falk 1912, 76);cf. hemlir, hƒmlungr
hamljótr a. ugly in form v101/8 (complement of regin váru)
hamr m. skin, form, shape (e–s of s–thing) v341/3
handgenginn a. (pp.) having entered s–one’s (e–m) service, owing
allegiance, liege 80/12
handtekinn a. (pp.) captured 48/37
hanga (1) (›) wv. hang 49/3; hanga (2) (hekk) sv. hang v153/4
hangferill m. ‘hanging way’, in kenning for arm, í hangferil hringa
mér onto my arm v234/3
hangi m. hanged man; see Indexhani m. cock v412–517 n.
hanki m. a loop or band on the side of the ship to attach a rope to(Falk 1912, 69) v497/5
hapt n. shackle, fetter; pl. a name for the heathen gods 84/24; inkennings for Ó›inn, hapta bei›ir v32/1, hapta snytrir v94/3 andv305/3, for I›unn, munstœrandi hapta v102/8, for Sigyn, incantationgoddess, galdrs h. v75/3 (gen. with arma; or possibly a name forﬁjálfi, see v75/2 n.)haptsœnir m. a name for Ó›inn (‘gods’ atoner, reconciler’, ‘fetter-

302

Skáldskaparmállooser’ or ‘captives’ sacrifice’?), in kenning for poetry, haptsœnis
hei›r v301/3 (cf. NN 262)
hár (1) a. high 21/20 (with distance in gen.), 24/26 (hann = vegginn),
v112/1 (with heimtjalds); long v86/1 (with fylvingum; see note);
high (up in the sky; of above) v136/3 (with vafrlogi); elevated,
noble v111/3 (acc. with ævi), v280/1 (with stjóri); n. as adv.
loudly 2/34, 3/31; hátt svá at at such a height that 1/32
hár (2) n. hair v71/2 (gen. with hneigihlí›um), 41/30, 33, 48/12,
v212/4 (instr. with bruma›r), 108/7, 20, 21
hár (3) m. rowlock, thole, thole-pin v497/7 (Falk 1912, 70)
hár (4) m. a kind of small shark (= modern Icelandic háfur, spurdog,
piked dogfish) v488/7
har›brotinn a. (pp.) hard-fragmented, broken into hard fragments
v70/1 (with hein)har›fari m. ‘hard-goer’, ox-name v504/2
har›ge›r a. harsh-minded, spiteful, defiant (not necessarily pejorative;
the word is used of kings in praise poetry, where it perhaps means‘stern-minded’ or ‘resolute’) v51/4 (with hringr, i. e. the serpent)har›gleipnir m. ‘hard-fetter’ (cf. Gleipnir in Gylf.), i. e. strap; or‘harsh swallower, destroyer’, in kenning for sword (or ‘harshgaper’ = axe?), hlífar h. v83/4 (gen. with bor›s; board of theshield-strap or of the sword (axe) = shield)
har›menni n. tough person (people) 106/9, v440/6
har›r a. hard 21/23, v125/4, v156/7, v168/3, v229/3 (with hryngráp);
tough v68/5 (with rúna), 46/35, 50/20, v167/1, v309/4; strongv128/1 (with élvindr), v289/3 (with dúfu); unbending v176/2; n.
as adv. strongly v312/2
har›rá›r a. harsh-ruling, firm in decisions, determined (of Haraldr
hárfagri) v256/2 (with hrjó›r)
har›ræ›i n. difficult undertaking, trial of one’s determination v293/3(subj. of vex; though since this verb is usually intrans., perhaps
har›ræ›it hvert is adv., ‘with every difficulty’)har›vaxinn a. (pp.) mightily grown, swollen; f. pl. as subst. (i. e.
rivers, waters) v79/1 (acc. with sér)har›vigg n. ‘tough horse’, in kenning for ship, h. umbands allra
landa, tough horse of the ocean v348/2 (gen. with framstafni)
hárfagr a. ‘hair-fair’, having beautiful hair (it was made of gold,
see ch. 35) 30/18
harmr m. grief, sorrow, pity 22/11, 108/32; trouble, i. e. (its) hunger
v335/3 (obj. of breg›r); injury v90/6 (dat. with beitti), v154/8(pl., obj. of hefndu, for injuries done to them, i. e. the death oftheir sister); in kenning for eagle or raven, h. Hugins fermu thatwhich causes trouble to carrion, i. e. eats it v335/4 (subj. of breg›r)Glossary303

harpa f. harp 48/39
hárr a. hoary, grey 2/6, v101/7 (ok links this word with gamlar;
both adjectives form the complement of allar áttir gƒr›usk), v323/2
harri m. lord (Old English hearra; cf. sinnjór) 100/7; h. Hjaltlands(Earl ﬁorfinnr) v384/1; h. Dana grundar (King Eiríkr of Denmark)v398/1 (obj. of kve› ek); harra hneykir = ruler (St Knútr Sveinsson)v398 n. Cf. Index; Hallfre›ar saga 157, verse 9
hárska›i m. hair-harmer 20/5
hárslitr m. the colour of the hair 49/18
hásker›ingr m. Greenland shark v486/8
hasla f. a pole (of hazel); in kenning for the ash Yggdrasill, undjar›ar hƒslu under the pole of the earth, under Yggdrasill, i. e. on
earth v388/1
hásæti n. throne 1/8, 58/12
hatt- see hƒttr
háttr (dat. hætti) m. manner, way 61/13; verse-form 5/13, v395/3(pl., obj. of nemi; = style?); custom 80/2
hau›r n. surface, (poetical word for) land 86/6, v312/1, v501/4; inkenning for giants or giantesses, h. áss = mountains v80/6 (gen.
with runkykva)
haufu› see hƒfu›haugr m. (burial) mound 60/12; (dwelling place of a giant) v65/4(acc. with lét of sóttan); in kenning for warrior (Constantine
Monomachus? q. v. in Index), haugs skundu›r v385/4 (see note)
haugﬂak n. mound-roof 40/30 in kenning for gold, wealth: Hƒlga h.
(see 60/12) v187/4 (pl., obj. of bar)hauklunda›r a. hawk-spirited, with a hawk-like character; or boldspirited v398/2 (with harra)
haukr (1) m. hawk v103/4 (gen. with flugbjálfa), 49/27, 29, 30,
108/37; in kennings for arms, resting places of hawks, hauka fjƒll
v185/2, hauks kálfur v186/8
haukr (2) a. spirited, bold v360/2 (with gæi-ﬁrú›r)
haukstallr m. nobleman, warrior, king; haukstalla konr (= Magnús
gó›i) v295/3 (gen. pl. with konr); probably a variant of haukstaldr,
see SnE 1848–87, II 469; cf. Old English hagosteald
hauldr m. Norwegian form of hƒl›r, 106/7 n.
hausamƒlvir m. sword-name, ‘skull-crusher, -shatterer’ v455/2 (-mƒlnir
or -molnir (cf. molna wv. ‘crumble’) m. grinder? see t. n.)hauss m. skull 22/3, v70/6 (dat. with e›r ólaus ﬂar í ), 33/23, 49/6,
108/10, 22; figurehead (on a ship) v391/1; Ymis h. = sky v105/4(with und gƒmlum; phrase goes with stígr aldri; see Gylf. ch. 8)
haussprengir m. ‘skull-burster, -splitter, -shatterer’, in kenning forﬁórr, h. Hrungnis (see p. 22) v51/3

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haust n. autumn 99/6, 15
haustkaldr a. ‘autumn-cold’ v131/1 (with hólmrƒnd)haustmánu›r m. ‘autumn-, harvest-month’, September–October 99/16
haustnótt f. autumn night v213/4 (acc. of time with helt; strengthenedby gegnum)háv- see hár (1)hefill m. plane (tool for smoothing wood; LK 124); gear to raise or
lower a sail; rope or loop of rope to furl or shorten sail; clewline
or reefpoint v497/5 (cf. Fritzner 1886–96, s. v. hefill, hefla; Falk
1912, 67–8)
hefja (hóf, hafinn) sv. lift 25/27 n.; raise, pres. p. hefjendr Hlakkar
tjalda raisers of shields, warriors, men v231/2; begin (trans.)
1/16, v32/2 (with suffixed pron.; cf. NN 2745), 72/23; with inf.
begin (to do s–thing) v104/1; md. begin (intrans.) 3/10; reflexive,
raise o–self, advance o–self, become renowned v294/3. In t. n.
to 1/1–2 the form hefir may be used to mean ‘begins’ (the scribeof U used the abbreviation for -ir, see Introduction pp. liv–lv); cf.
v275/1, and see hafa
hefna (d) wv. with gen. avenge 2/25, 6/20, v152/8, v154/7; h. e–svi› e–n avenge s–one on s–one v180/4
hefnd f. vengeance (eptir e–n for s–one) 49/35
hefni-Áss m. avenging Áss, god who avenges (e–s s–one) 19/24, 27
hégómi m. rubbish, nonsense, fabrication 109/6
hei›fé n. salary (of a soldier) 81/5 (complement)hei›ingi m. ‘heath-dweller’, wolf v323/1 (gen. with hungri), v514/4
hei›inn a. heathen, pagan 5/31
hei›menn m. pl. paid men (hei›- ‘reward for honourable service’,see hei›r (4)), stipendiaries 80/27
hei›r (1) m. ‘bright one’, shield-name v471/2
hei›r (2) f. heath v502/3; cf. v83/5 t. n.
hei›r (3) m. honour (e–m to s–one) v317/3 (h. sé ok and honour be)hei›r (4) m. (or hei› f. or n. ) reward, salary, gift (perhaps the sameas hei›r (3)); in kenning for poetry, haptsœnis h. v301/4 (obj. ofgalt)hei›ﬂegi m. salary-receiver, paid man, stipendiary v286/4 (ﬂessumhei›ﬂegum to or for these paid men, dat. with bæri mjƒ›)hei›ﬂornir m. ‘bright-clouded’, a name for the heavens 85/17; cf.
v516/5 t. n. and Hei›ﬂyrnir in Indexheilagr (inflected helg-) a. holy v4/3 (of the mead of poetry),v112/1 (of God), of Óláfr Haraldsson v233 n.; belonging to thegods (of a table) v95/3; of Christ’s hair v274/4; of Baldr’s body(tafns) v14/3; of the Cross v271/1; h. ma›r saint 76/25; inn helgi
gramr = St Óláfr v294/4; comp. helgari holier v273/4

Glossary305

heili m. brain 108/7
heill a. whole, unharmed; heill (kom ﬂú) welcome, hello, hail, greetings
v215/1, v283/1; sup. with imp. gef ﬂú allra konunga heilastr may
you be blessed above all kings in your giving 58/19
heim adv. home; h. me› sér back home, to his home 20/34, v364/2;
back (to where it belongs) 42/34
heima adv. at home 21/10, 58/11; in the dwelling 2/14
heiman adv. from home 48/35; out (into the world) 1/16, 4/8; hvetja
h. urge to leave home, urge to set off (on an expedition) v73/4
heimbo› n. invitation to stay 40/33, 48/34, 52/5; at heimbo›i as aguest 3/19; h. Hangago›s Ó›inn’s hospitality (in Valhƒll, i. e.
they will die) v2/3; h. e–s me› e–m s–one’s visit to s–one 1/1–2 t. n.
heimfer› f. journey home 40/34
heimr m. world 3/18, 45/4, 51/34, 76/23, v277/4 (gen. with umgeypnandi); pl. v516 t. n., v516/1 t. n., v516/22; in kenning for sky,heims skáli v136/4, for heaven, heims hrót v271/2
heimsœkir m. visitor (e–s to the home of s–one), guest 20/3 (Loki),
36/24 (Ægir, cf. p. 1 and ch. 61)
heimtjald n. ‘world-tent’, sky v112/2 (gen. with ræsi)heimﬂingu›r m. one who meets or visits s–one (e–s) in their home,
visitor, friend, lover; in kenning for giant (Hrungnir), h. herju
Vingnis v70/2 (gen. with hein, i. e. belonging to)hein f. whetstone 4/10, 21/10, 21/27, 36, 38, 22/1, v70/4 (subj. ofhvein); in kenning for sword, heina laut v279/2
heinberg n. whetstone rock, hone-stone 22/1
heinland n. land of the whetstone, that which the whetstone travels
over, sword; in kenning for warrior (Knútr inn ríki), heinlandsHƒ›r v311/3
heinvandill m. ‘whetstone-rod’ (cf. vƒndr) or ‘whetstone-land’ (where
the whetstone travels; cf. the place-name Vendill in Jutland); or‘-giant’ (see Vandill in Index), i. e. -destroyer, a kenning for sword;herm›arspjƒll heinvandils = battle v264/4 (cf. the sword-nameDragvandill in Index)
heinﬂyntr a. (pp.) ‘whetstone-thinned’, sharpened with a whetstonev243/1 (with hryneld)
heipt f. hatred, wrath, fury v252/3 (subj. of svall)
heiptbrá›r a. quick in wrath, in fierceness, i. e. in fighting v288/4(with rúni)
heiptyr›i n. pl. spiteful words (talk, speech) 50/5
heit n. vow 47/32, 58/19; threat; pl. defiance v376/3
heita (hét) sv. (1) (pres. heitr) threaten (e–m e–u); impers. pass. 2/9;
promise (e–m e–u) v160/5 (i. e. grant), 109/17 t. n.
heita (hét) sv. (2) (pres. heitir) be called 5/17 (2), 6/24, 32; heitinn

306

Skáldskaparmálver›a come to be called v180/6 (sá = Yrsu sonr); be known as
104/20, 105/18, v428/1, v468/1; ﬂeir hétu svá their names were as
follows 101/19; er svá heita whose names are (were) 36/25, 103/1;
be a word for, be the name of 40/12, v327/1, 99/17 (1), 105/27;
mean, be a word for 109/12, 13, 16, 18 (1); nornir h. they arecalled norns v437/1; abs. heitir there is a term 106/19 (cf. hraumi);hƒfu› heitir there is what is called a head 108/6; it is called v332/1,
6, v380/1; á hendi heitir on the hand there is what is called 108/34(similarly 109/1, 109/18 (2)); sem heitir by its (normal) name, by
a name which properly belongs to it 5/17 (1), 83/14 (1); ﬂar sem
heitir to the place called 72/9; heitir ok ni›r nefi a relation canalso be called nefi, nefi is also a term for a relation 107/18
heiti n. name, appellation, designation, term (e–s for s–thing) (usually,
though not always, of a name which is not the normal one bywhich a person or thing is called (cf. nƒfn 107/12); thus to use aheiti is not the same as at nefna hvern hlut sem heitir, ‘to call eachthing by its (normal) name’ 5/17, and heiti can refer to kennings(5/23, 41/11, 107/24)) 4/7, 40/24, 41/10 (hans its), 44/24, 60/18,
67/25, 83/14, 85/14, 16, 88/9, 19, 90/3, 10, 16, 92/25, 95/1, 97/15,
99/8, 22, 23, 105/5, 28, 106/11, 107/12, 29, 108/8, 13 (instr.), 37,
109/21, v439/2, v444/2, v449/1, v451/2, v463/12, v472/2, v491/2,
v503/2; in headings for various ﬂulur, see textual notes to v412,
v417, v423, v428, v432, v433, v438, v439, v449, v451 etc. (whenheiti is the first word in the phrase, it often means ‘names (of,for)’; when it is last, it usually means ‘terms (for)’); h. á e–u v460
t. n., v495 t. n. seems to mean names for parts of s–thing, forthings on s–thing (cf. 108/34, 109/1, 18); e–s h. an expression fors–one; h. Ó›ins a name for Ó›inn 5/23, 105/31, similarly v435/3;
jƒtna h. names of giants v417/2, v422/8, v430/2, similarly v423/2,
113/17, v432/2; vi›ar h. tree-name 40/13, 21, 108/21; term 5/20,
24, 26, 6/31, 11/26, 40/12, 41/11, 16 107/24; term or proper name(?) 36/27, 40/15; eiga h. vi› share designations with, be also terms
for, be synonyms for 41/10 (cf. 109/21)
heitr a. hot v320/2 (with gjálfri, i. e. blood)héla f. (hoar) frost 61/12
heldr adv. comp. rather (en than), instead (of) v252/7; quite, i. e.
very v59/7, v101/7 (with hamljót; perhaps making it the equivalentof a comparative, = more); eigi h. no more, neither 59/3
héldr, héltr pp. covered with frost v131/1 (with ƒndri), v352/1(with húfi)
helg- see heilagr
hellir m. cave v85/3 (gen. with hringbálkar); in kenning for gold,
hellis hyrr v65/3; for giantess, hellis sprund v86/7

Glossary307

helmingr m. half; í helminga equally 46/11; band (of warriors)
v442/6 (perhaps originally ‘helmeted troop’)
helsingr m. sword-name, derived from a tribal name (cf. skilfingr)or ‘fitted, used with a baldric’ v458/7
hemlir m. ‘having rowlocks’, a ship v493/3 (see hamla)
hend- see hƒndhenda (nd) wv. catch in the hand 4/14; e–t hendir e–n s–thing
befalls, happens to s–one 24/22
hengiligr a. slouching v263/2 (with karl)hengja (ng›) wv. hang 49/29, 103/11
hepta (pt) wv. shackle, (cause to) halt, i. e. kill v58/5
her- intensive prefix, see hergrimmr, hermargr, herﬂarfr; cf. ﬂjó›hera› n. district 80/1, 2
herbergi n. lodging; private room 59/8; til herbergis as a lodging 25/22
herberi m. sword-name, ‘host-striker’ v452/7
herblótinn a. (pp.) worshipped (sacrificed to) by hosts (of men; ofﬁórr) v91/1 (with hneitir)herbrái m. sword-name, ‘host-shining’ v455/3
her›im‡ll m. ‘shoulder-lump’ or ‘hardness-lump’, in kenning forstones, her›im‡lar Hergauts vinu, lumps of the shoulders (i. e.
mountains; or hard lumps) of Ó›inn’s mistress, i. e. of Jƒr›, earthv156/7 (instr. with bar›ir)
her›ir m. that which (one who) hardens, increases, promotes (cf.
Háttatal 37); fire; sword-name (‘hardened, tempered’?) v456/6;
in kenning for war-leader, battle-promoter, odda skúrar h. v309/2(subj. of lætr, in apposition to jarl); for ﬁórr, halllands h., swordimpeller v79/1 (subj. of sér), h. nau›ar hau›rs áss runkykva, he
who increases the trouble of giants (or perhaps giantesses) v80/5(with at; see note)her›r f. shoulder (i. e. top) of sword-blade v461/8; pl. her›arshoulders v97/7
herdrengr m. host-man, warrior v197/2 (obj. of gla›ar (v. l. (C) her
drengja, a host of men))
herfang n. plunder, loot 52/16; at herfangi as booty, as a prize in aplundering raid 72/3; in kenning for Loki, hir›it‡r herfangs the
god who refuses to hand over booty (referring to the cooked, andstolen, ox) v97/8
herfenginn a. (pp.) captured in battle v385/2 (with skunda›i; theform -fing- would give a better rhyme; cf. fá (1))
herfylginn a. ‘host-accompanying’, assiduous in warfare v187/3(with Hƒlga)hergrimmr a. fierce towards men (hosts) or very fierce (her- intensive);sup. v133/2 (with Grotta)

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hergrímnir m. host-masked, war-masked one, the one who wears amask in battle? v220/4 t. n.
herja (1) (ja›) wv. raid; impers. pass. herjat var a raid had been made 72/5
herja (2) f. (female) member of a herr, one of a host or clan; inkenning for troll-wife, h. Vingnis v70/1 (gen. with heimﬂingu›ar)herklæ›i n. pl. armour 67/17
herkonungr m. war-king (i. e. dux rather than rex) 46/22 (Sigur›r
Fáfnisbani), 66/16, 67/18, 103/7 (Lof›i Hálfdanarson), 16 (Skelfir)
herkumbl n. ‘host-crest’, helmet v473/2
herli› n. troop, army 100/1
herma›r m. warrior 101/15, 105/20 (subj.)
hermargr a. extremely numerous v190/4
herm›arspjƒll n. pl. angry talk (conference, meeting), in kenningfor battle, h. heinvandils v264/3 (gen. with til, with regard to)herna›r m. warfare 101/22
herr m. host 5/36, v3/1, v375/3, v377/3 (subj. of fl‡›i), v396/3,
107/11, v442/6; host (of angels or mankind?) v270/2 (obj. ofskóp); people v402/2; (invading) army 52/15, v177/5, 58/27, 59/22,
v254/5, 100/13, 101/8, 9; skipa h. naval force 105/26
herra m. lord 100/7 (Old Saxon herro; cf. Index)
hersir m. lord (originally of a hera› or of a herr?), a man of highrank in early Norway (though probably only a historical term bySnorri’s time) v120/2 (gen. with glƒ›u›r), v265/4 (Skopti Skagason;
see Hkr I 249; dat. with at móti (in battle against) or with me›jƒfnu gengi (the same size as Skopti’s)), 79/26, 80/3, 81/10; ofﬁórr and ﬁjálfi v85/1 (subj. of fram gingu); hans (so UA, abbreviatedin both) á hersi to (of) its or his lord v274/3 seems to refer toChrist (i. e. it was his hair), and hans may refer to lopt or to someword in the other half of the stanza, which is not recorded; Finnur
Jónsson emends to heims (Skj B I 245)
herskip n. warship 67/20, v358/3 (dat. of respect with hƒfu›), v404/3 (pl.)
herstefnandi m. (pres. p.) host-musterer, -director, war-leader (Earl
Hákon) v334/3 (subj. of gaf)
herstjóri m. battle-commander, army commander 80/7
hertogi m. war-leader, army-leader, general; earl or duke? 100/12(complement), v385/1 (gen. (pl.?) with hneykir)
hervápn n. pl. weapons of war 2/24
herﬂarfr a. useful, beneficial to the people (or very beneficial, seeher-) v296/2
herﬂruma f. war-thunder, in kenning for ﬁórr, herﬂrumu Gautr v73/6(gen. with ge›reynir) (taken as equivalent to her-Gautr ﬂrumu DD)
herﬂƒgn f. ‘host-receiver’, probably a name for a valkyrie (cf. ﬁƒgn,SnE 1848–87, II 490 (A)); as a word for battle v450/8

Glossary309

hestr m. horse v19/3 (dat. with rí›r), 20/22, 22/16, 42/29 (hverr h.
any horse), 47/35, 74/7, 14, 75/3, 88/19, v325/2, v327/1; in kenningfor ship, h. lauks v259/7 (among proper names in SnE 1848–87,
II 487)
hetja f. brave warrior, hero 106/10, 113/17 t. n.
hey n. hay 4/9
heyannir f. pl. hay-making time (July–August) 99/20
heyja (há›i) wv. set up, put into effect; bring about, make v81/5(NN 1507 suggests œddu, ‘made furious’); conduct, hold (battle)(vi› e–n against s–one) v83/5, v219/1, v399/1 (inf. with gingu); h.
sér e–t furnish o–self with s–thing, increase one’s stock of s–thing
5/26. Cf. Foote 1984a, 83, n. 15
heyra (›) wv. hear, listen v27/1 (á to), 21/36, v160/7, v237/1 (inf.
with vili›), v409/1; imp. v27/2, v37/1 (with acc. (mína strauma)
and inf. (glymja)); subjunc. (optative) heyri may he hear v395/1,
heyri á (adv.) let him hear, may he listen v292/1; with suffixed
pron. heyr›ak sagt I heard it said 58/11; heyra (of) getit e–shear s–thing mentioned, hear tell of s–thing v325/6, v326/5 (bothwith suffixed pron.); heyr›ak svá ﬂat (= at) I heard this, thatv103/1; inf. be heard 44/28, be presented 11/25; láta h. present
6/30; impers. it can be heard 43/11
heyrn f. hearing 108/13, 14
hildibarr a. battle-ready, -keen v211/3 (with Sigur›i jarli)
hildigƒltr m. ‘battle-boar’, helmet-name v473/1 (see Index)
hildingr m. ruler (lit. probably warrior; cf. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana
I, II, Helgakvi›a Hjƒrvar›ssonar, Hávamál 153, SnE 1848–87,
II 469, 551; dwarf-name in SnE 1848–87, II 470; cf. Hildingar inIndex); pl. (Ingi and Sigur›r, sons of Haraldr gilli; see note)
v399/2 (subj. of gingu)
hildr f. battle v227/1 (obj. of bau›), v304/3; in kenning for shield,
hildar fat v92/8; for war-leader (Haraldr har›rá›i), hildar stjóri
v280/1 t. n. (see note); for Ó›inn, hildar Njƒr›r v39/1. Cf. Hildr(1) and (2) in Indexhilmir m. poetical word for king (originally helmet-, protectionprovider? Common in eddic poems) v31/1 (Eiríkr bló›øx), v189/1(Hrólfr kraki), v251/3 (Hƒgni; dat. with bau›a), v279/1 (Haraldr
gráfeldr), v284/3 (Haraldr har›rá›i, speaking of himself), v400 n.
(dat. of advantage, for the king (Haraldr har›rá›i)). Cf. Index
himinn m. sky 2/37, 22/28, v72/6, 25/27 n., 33/23, 39/2, 85/17,
v356/1, the heavens v276/1 (gen. with d‡r›), 85/13; heaven 76/22,
v516 t. n., v516/8; pl. v516/1, 17; in kenning for troll-wife v300a/7;
in kenning for head, himinn brá tungls loga, sky of the eyelashes’
moon’s flame, of the light of the eye v86/1 (dat. obj. of ﬂrungu);

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pl. the heavens, the sky 76/24, 77/6, v270/1; hir› himna = the hostof angels v272/1 (or hir› himna d‡r›ar, see NN 2990K, 2112B)
himinríki n. the heavenly kingdom, the kingdom of heaven 76/23,
v277/2 (acc. with lét opna)
himinsjóli m. king of heaven (or of the sky), i. e. ﬁórr v81/3 (gen.
or dat. with ﬂat var aflraun, i. e. for him)
himintarga f. shield of heaven (or of the sky), i. e. the sun v76/2(gen. with vers)
himintungl n. pl. heavenly bodies 33/25
hinig adv. hither v11/6, v177/6
hinn pron.; hinn er who or whose v49/1 (see under hjarta); the one
who 5/22, he who v110/1, v227/3 (with Búi?); hitt er that which,what v22/1; hinn the other one 42/4. Cf. neytri and inhir› f. retinue, following 49/32, v188/2, v198/1 (obj. of vi›r), v333/7(acc. with lætr, subj. of stika), v444/3; band of warriors, army
v400 n. (acc. with hygg ek); court; hir› himna (d‡r›ar) = the hostof angels v272/1; in kenning for king (Haraldr har›rá›i), hir›ar
stjóri v280/1
hir›a (›) wv. keep, put for safe keeping 3/39
hir›i-Sif f. ‘keeping-Sif’, Sif who keeps, in kenning for woman,possessor of gold, fló›s fúrs h. v204/2 (vocative)
hir›it‡r m. ‘keeping god’, god who keeps, in kenning for Loki, h.
herfangs, the god who refuses to hand over booty v97/7
hir›menn m. pl. the king’s men 50/13, v218/2 (subj. of té›u); men
in a ruler’s service, followers, courtiers, retainers 80/12, 13, 14,15 (subj.), 26, 81/10
hir›stjóri m. ruler, commander, director of the court or the king’s
retinue 78/24 (Egils saga, ÍF II 134)
hitta (tt) wv. encounter 50/2; get back to 72/13; h. fyrir sér comeupon 52/2; md. meet together 106/37; for pass. v457/8
hizig adv. thither, there v396/4 (with gekk?—or line 4 can be takenwith lines 1–2)
hjal n. chatter 109/5
hjaldr m. or n. noise; talk, conversation 109/5; battle v449/2; vi› h.
in (response to) battle v336/1
hjaldrgegnir m. ‘noise-meeter or -benefitter’, in kenning for Ó›inn,
Hildar h., meeter (benefitter, cultivator; performer?) of the noiseof Hildr (i. e. battle) v39/1 t. n. (gen. with ge›fjar›ar)hjaldrƒrr a. battle-swift, -keen v227/2 (with Sigvaldi or Búi?)
hjálmeldr m. ‘helmet-fire’, sword v227/1 t. n. (i. e. with swords); in
kenning for warriors, berserks, hjálmelda gildar v242/4
hjálmfaldinn a. (pp.) helmet-capped, with his head covered with ahelmet v227/1 (with Búi), v305/4 (of Ó›inn)Glossary311

hjálmgƒll f. ‘helmet noise’ i. e. that which clangs against the helmet,
a coat of mail v474/1. Kock (NN 2565C) points out that this word
ought to mean ‘sword’, and suggests that it ought to be jálmgƒll,‘uproar noise’hjálmr m. helmet 2/24, 33/24, 26, 46/15, 47/23, 49/36, 58/34, 37,
67/18, 70/19, v312/3, 108/7, v472/3 and t. n.; und hjálmi wearinga helmet, helmeted v279/1; sólar h. = sky (gen. with tiggi, i. e.
God) v116/4; in kenning for axe (or sword), grand hjálms v244/3
hjálmunvƒlr m. tiller, bar through the rudder to control its direction(Falk 1912, 75–6; by attached ropes LK 179; cf. ÍF VIII 294) v497/2
hjálmƒld f. helmet-people v242/2 t. n.
hjálpa (halp) sv. with dat. help, save; imp. v113/1, v114/1
hjálpreip n. ‘help-rope’ v497/8; a rope attached to the bottom of thesteering oar to raise it (Falk 1912, 77; cf. ÍF VIII, facing p. 294);
hjálparól was a thong to tie the rudder to the rear stem (LK 179,272); the hjálp was also a plate between thole-pins on which theoar rested (LK 170)
hjalt n. hilt; crossbar of hilt v462/4; pommel on the end of the hilt,
in kenning for stone, varra h. v77/3 (gen. with Nƒnnu)hjarl n. (tract of) land v211/4 (obj. of fær), v501/6
hjarni m. brain; skull 108/10, 22; in kenning for (the top of the)head, hjarna mœnir v70/3
hjarta n. heart 21/21, 22, 46/32, 35, v151/3 (obj. of steikir), 48/38,
49/9, v336/4 (i. e. valour; subj. of svellr), 108/23, 26; instr. withor dat. obj. of ræ›r, hjarta mildu (rules) with generous heart or(rules) over (i. e. possesses) a generous heart v194/1; adv. dat. in(his) heart v49/2 (with sam›it; or ‘did not reconcile treachery to hisheart’?—or nom., ‘whose heart never planned treachery’, NN 1893)
hjartabló› n. blood of the heart 46/36
hjogg- see hƒggva
hjól n. wheel 70/5; in kenning for shield, Hƒgna meyjar h. v238/3(gen. with gjƒld)hjón n. pl. household v444/5
hjƒllu›r m. ox-name, ‘roarer, bellower’ v504/4
hjƒrr m. sword (in sg. often collective) v211/3, v222/2, v312/1,
v403/1 (subj. of beit), v451/3; in kennings for warrior, bƒrr hjƒrva
v216/2, hjƒrs brak-Rƒgnir v247/4
hjƒrtr m. hart, stag 75/16, 88/8, v512/1 and t. n.; in kenning for
ship, vengis h. (subj. of skrei›) v261/4
hla›a (hló›) sv. heap up v19/2 (clause goes with kesti), v218/1;
hlƒ›um let us load (e–t e–u s–thing with s–thing) v257/3
hlátrelli›i m. ‘laughter-ship’ (see Elli›i in Index), breast or trunk(of the body); hlátrelli›a kjƒlr = backbone v86/7

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hlaupa (hljóp) sv. run, jump, leap 20/25, 25/31, 47/37, 48/6, 49/15;
gallop 47/35; of a ship conceived as an animal v260/3
hlaupá f. swollen river, river in spate v77/4 (pl. (-ár = -áar, see note
to verse 143), obj. of vann fetrunnar)hlébar›r m. shield-name (‘shelter-brim’; or possibly = leopard,from the use of the animal as decoration on shields) v469/3; =bear v510/6; = wolf v514/6; name for a giant in Hárbar›sljó› 20
hlé›- see hl‡jahlémildr a. shelter-generous, providing shelter (e–u for s–thing)v186/7 (of arms, providing a place for flesh (holdi) to sit; withkálfur); some read -myldar (so U, SnE 1848–87, II 362; but -mildra
at SnE 1848–87, II 321), ‘covered over with (warm) earth’, h.
holdi: ‘warmly earth-covered with flesh’, i. e. warmly covered
with flesh (like land with earth; see Fidjestøl 1982, 139; TurvillePetre 1976, 99–100)
hlemmisver› n. pl. ‘noisy, resounding swords’, in kenning for (ornamentson) prow (ofljóst, synonym of brandr (2), but here meaning thesame as brandr (1)), as they crash into the waves: stáls h. v289/3(obj. of sty›ja)hlenni m. robber, thief v387/3 (gen. with ﬂr‡stir)hlér m. ‘calm one’ or ‘pure one’ or ‘foaming one’, name for the sea(cf. Hlér in Index) 92/25
hleypa (t) wv. with dat. make (a horse) gallop 20/26, 27, 21/15 (ineach case understand honum, the horse)
hleytama›r m. connection by marriage 107/20, v447/1
hleyti n. relationship by marriage; gjƒrva h. vi› e–n arrange a marriage between a member of one’s family and s–one v296/1; cf. léttahli› (1) f. side; á a›ra h. e–m on one side of s–one 21/28; á h. hvára
on each side v346/3
hli› (2) n. gateway 109/18
hlí› f. slope 109/18; hillside v147/4 t. n., v502/2; skipa h. = wave,
in kenning for sea, skipa hlí›ar ból v133/6 (see note)hli›r m. name for an ox 109/18, v504/5, cf. v503/8 (see røkkvihli›r);
for a stag v512/2. Cf. Index
hlíf f. shield (or other protective armour) v83/3 (gen. with har›gleipnis),66/15, 70/29 (here = helmet? see n.), 71/5, 15 (here = coat of
mail? cf. v249), 72/29, v396/3, 108/36, 109/9, v469/6; hlífar styggr
shy of (using) a shield, who disdains to use a shield (of Ó›inn)
v22/3; in kenning for axe (or sword), grand hlífar v147/4
hlífandi m. ‘protector’, helmet-name v472/6
hlíta (tt) wv. put up with; impers. ne hlítir e–u there is no need fors–thing, s–thing shall not be submitted to, I shall not want s–thing(it is no good, it will not do) v18/1 (cf. NN 1923)

Glossary313

hlítstyggr a. mediocrity-avoiding (‘shy of what will just do’); withfarms (i. e. Ó›inn) v13/4
hljó› n. (1) tune, song (cf. ljó›) 52/13. (2) silence (at for) v33/1,
v35/4 (obj. of gørvi)hljómr m. sound 109/7; i. e. the sound of them working (or singing?)
v160/8hljóta (hlaut) sv. get, receive, gain v82/5, v90/4, v144/1, v147/2(1st pers. pl. of the poet), v197/3, cf. v296/1 t. n.; come to be
decorated (with) v14/4, v56/4 (probably only half the refrain,
which would then have been a klofastef; the rest of the sentence,
including the obj., would have appeared in the last line of another(lost) stanza); with inf. have to, get the job of v95/3; with at andinf. get to do s–thing, succeed in doing s–thing v18/1
hljótr m. receiver, getter (e–s), in kenning for ruler (Earl Hákon),grundar h. (or for the poet, h. Yggs mja›ar, NN 410) v197/4 (acc.
with lætr)hlummu›r (or hlƒmmu›r) m. resounder, roarer, boomer, name forthe wind v332/6 (see t. n.)hlunnvísundr m. ‘slipway-bison’, kenning for ship v361/4 (subj. of
gínn)
hlunnvitnir m. slipway-wolf, i. e. ship, in kenning for seafarer,man, hlunnvitnis runnr v264/2 (dat. with hollr)
hlunnr m. plank (for supporting a ship or for standing it on); a pieceof wood forming part of a slipway (for launching ships); in kennings
for ships, vagnar hlunns v266/3, hafrei› hlunns v267/2, hreinn
hlunns v359/4
hlust f. earhole 108/12; ear, in kenning for head, hlusta grunnr v56/3
hluti m. part 58/33
hlutr m. thing 1/5 (understand váru, were), 3/17, 5/17, 40/9, 18,
83/13, 109/3, 22; annarr h. something else 107/14; share 5/6; part
22/1–2 (annarr . . . annarr one . . . the other); lot, treatment 59/4hl‡›a (hl‡ddi) wv. listen v30/4; imp. (subjunc.?) listen! or let themlisten! v32/1; with dat., listen to, hear, heed v176/6, v343/3 (ﬂáafter that, now), subjunc. pl. let them listen (to), hear v35/3 (seenote); obey v264/1hl‡ja (hlé›i) wv. protect (e–m vi› e–t or vi› e–u s–one from s–thing);with suffixed neg. hlé›ut did not protect v248/4, with suffixed
reinforcing neg. ne hlé›ut v223/4
hlymja (hlum›i) wv. thud, bang v346/4
hlymr m. noise, uproar (with gen. among, caused by) v85/3 (subj. of var›)
hlymﬂél f. ‘banging file’, point of iron-shod pole v78/6 (subj. ofknátti glymja)
hlynr m. maple 40/13, 65/25, v183/6 (i. e. the handle of the axe); in314

Skáldskaparmál

kenning for man (warrior?), handa svella h. v215/2 (vocative, or
subj. of kvaddi if brynju is read), for generous man, fjar›báls h. v368/4hl‡r n. cheek, side of face 44/27; side or face of a shield v92/7; pl.,of an axe v183/8 (subj. of bera); bow, curve of the ship’s side
towards the prow (Falk 1912, 52) v357 n. (pl., obj. of str‡kr),
v497/3 (cf. st‡rishl‡ri, a plate on the side of a rudder to hold thetiller; hl‡ri is also the name for the end of the hjálmunvƒlr ‘tiller’,see LK 179)hl‡ri m. cheek; poetical word for brother (of St Óláfr, i. e. Haraldrhar›rá›i, though actually they were only half-brothers, sons ofÁsta Gu›brandsdóttir) v294/3 (subj. of hófsk), 107/17, v446/7hl‡rnir m. ‘double-faced’, ‘twin-faced’, a name for the heavens,
containing the two faces of sun and moon 85/17 (see Index)hl‡rskildir m. he who decks the bows (of Heiti’s horse) with shields,
in kenning for sea-captain, war-leader, h. Heita blakks v194/2
hl‡rtungl n. ‘bow moon’, kenning for shield (as hung on the side ofa ship) 69/9, v234/4
hlæja (hló) sv. laugh 2/35, 48/19; h. vi› laugh in response (tos–thing) 58/21
hlœ›ir m. loader, in kenning for seafarer, man (i. e. the poet?), h.
hlunns hafrei›ar v267/1
hlœgja (g›) wv. make (s–one) laugh 2/32
hlœti, hlæti v296/1 t. n. spellings for hleyti? Cf. SnE 1848–87, IIIxxvi; Hreinn Benediktsson 1965, 64–5, 68 (ey used for ø) and
70–71; Introduction pp. liii, livhlƒ›r m. one who heaps, fells, kills; in kenning for ﬁórr, h. hreina
gnípu Lista, killer of giants v85/7 (subj. of var fœr›r í fasta)hlƒmmu›r see hlummu›r
hnakkmi›i m. a rope tied to a buoy and attached to the bottom endof an anchor to raise it when it got stuck on the bottom; apparently sometimes used for the buoy itself (Falk 1912, 79; LK 195;
ÍF VIII 153) v500/7 (hnokk- v. l.; cf. de Vries 1977, s. v. hnokkan)
hnefi m. fist v47/4, v55/2 (acc. with lét), 22/12; sword-name, ‘grip’?
v454/8hneigihlí›ar f. pl. inclined, tilting slopes, of the curve of the skull,hárs h. v71/1
hneitir m. striker, one who troubles, overcomes, a defeater (e–s; cf.
Index); in kenning for ﬁórr, defeater of giants, h. álfheims bliku
undirfjálfrs kálfa v91/1 (subj. of vá)
hnekkir m. one who halts, routs, checks v385/1 t. n.
hneykir m. one who suppresses, humiliates, puts down; in kennings
for ruler, hertoga h. (King Haraldr har›rá›i) v385/1, harra h. (StKnútr Sveinsson) v398 n.

Glossary315

hníga (hné or hneig) sv. sink down v225/1; fall, die (e–m so as toleave s–one; at s–one’s hand according to Kock, NN 2463E) v4/2,
v69/5 (fyrir before, because of); pp. v11/6 t. n.
hninnir m. name for a wolf v514/2 (omitted in Skj B I 670 and Kock
1946–9, I 335)
hnísa f. porpoise (Phocaena phocaena) v489/3 (KSk 15, JG 5, 6)
hnossvinr m. precious friend (friend who gives jewels?—cf. Hnoss
in Index) v136/3 (dat. after of, above; várum: i. e. my)hnot f. nut 2/14, 108/24
hnúfa f. a nickname, ‘stub-nose’? 15/3hn‡›ingr m. blackfish, a kind of small whale, or porpoise; whitebeaked dolphin v489/4 (KSk 15, JG 7; blubber-cutter LML 119)hnykkir m. snatcher, puller v385/1 t. n.
hnøggvingr m. a stingy person 106/16
hodd n. hoard, wealth, gold; to harm it is to give it away, be
generous v311/3
hoddmildr a. ‘hoard-kind’, generous with gold v39/1 (with Óleifi)
hoddsviptir m. hoard-robber, one who snatches, takes, from hoards,
generous man (the poet?) v267/4 (in apposition to hlœ›ir, with sá
er)
hoddvƒnu›r a. hoard-diminisher, generous man (the poet?) v264/1
hof n. temple 6/25
hóf n. moderation, what is reasonable 4/12 (obj. of gefa; to take hóf
with the preposition vi›, ‘in accordance with what is reasonable’,and gefa as abs., seems less satisfactory)
hofregin n. (or hofreginn m.) temple-power; h. hógrei›ar = ﬁórrv66/5 (obj. of drógu)
hógbrotningr m. s–thing easily broken, thin piece (or ‘handy fragment’);h. skógar = Grí›arvƒlr v91/2 (instr. with vá)
hógd‡r n. gentle, tame (or pliant?) beast, in kenning for ship, húna
h. v124/4 (subj. of berr)
hógrei› f. gentle, comfortable or well-controlled chariot v66/6 (gen.
with hofregin; or with hafrar, NN 2985D; or adv., ‘on the gentle
chariot’)
hol n. cavity, hole 49/3
hól n. praise, flattery 109/6
hold n. flesh 35/19, v186/7 (dat. with hlémildar)
holdbo›i m. ‘flesh-indicator, -announcer, -messenger’, name for araven (which being a carrion bird indicates by its presence that
there is carrion about) 91/4
holdgróinn a. rooted in the flesh 42/22
hold-Mímir m. sword-name, ‘flesh-Mímir’, i. e. giant, destroyer, of
flesh? v455/4

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hóll m. a small hill, knoll v502/3
hollr a. well-disposed, kind, devoted v4/3, v94/8 (e–m to s–one),v98/7; loyal (e–m to s–one) v198/2 (complement of vi›r, ‘makes
his men loyal to him’); vera e–m h. stand by s–one v264/3 (til forthe purpose of, in)hólmfjƒturr m. ‘island-fetter’, that which surrounds islands, sea
v130/3 (subj. of sk‡tr); the Midgard serpent, in kenning for gold,
hólmfjƒturs lei› v311/2 (gen. with bƒr; Kock, NN 1126, suggests
hólmfjƒturr here too means sea, hólmfjƒturs lei›ar bƒr = tree of
sea’s path, seafarer)hólmganga f. duel 21/11
hólmr m. island v254/1 (í hólmi i. e. on Háey, q. v. in Index);(site for a) duel 21/14; h. inn gráni = Holmengrå, an island off
Norway (in Oslofjord; see Hólmr in Index) v399/1 (phrase belongs
inside at-clause); á randar hólmi on the shield-island (the shieldon which Hrungnir stood) v69/4 (randar h. could be a kenning forshield, but it is still more likely to refer to Hrungnir’s shield than
to the shield on which the story was depicted)
hólmrƒnd f. island-circle, -rim, that which encircles islands, the sea
v131/2 (subj. of skotar)
hólmstefna f. appointment for a duel, meeting for a duel 21/30
holr a. hollow; of a ring (i. e. with a hole in the centre rather thanmade of a hollow tube) v207/1 (with hrynbáls)
holt n. a low hill v502/1
hóp n. lagoon, a lake formed at the estuary of a river v477/2
horfa (›) wv., h. til point to, indicate 109/20
horn n. point, corner 21/23; horn 59/23; in kenning for mead (ofpoetry), horna fors v13/3; cf. v86/8 t. n.
hornglóinn m. ‘horn-glowing, shining-horn’, ram-name v507/3
horngæla f. garfish, hornfish (or stickleback?) v487/6
hornhróinn m. ram-name, ‘high-horned’? v507/6
hornsíl n. stickleback v488/8
hornstraumr m. ‘horn-stream’, mead, in kenning for poetry, h.
Hrímnis v46/3 (obj. of hrœra)hornumskváli m. ‘clamourer with horns’, ram-name v507/2
hra›ge›i n. impetuousness, hastiness of temper 108/33
hra›skyndir m. ‘speedy hastener’, in kenning for ﬁórr, h. gunnar
v88/1 (subj. of svalg)
hrafn m. raven 49/18, v217/1, v319/3 (dat. of respect with hƒfu›stafni;
the raven’s head-prow is its beak), 90/27, 29, 91/3, v334/3 (dat.
with gaf; feeding the ravens is to wage war), v334/4 (subj. ofvar›), v404/4 (gen. with gó›); acc. pl. parallel to valkyrjur v14/3;
in kennings for ship (hrafn may mean horse in these, see Hrafn (1)Glossary

317

in Index, but cf. SnE 1931, 255/4; and see under svanr), stƒ›var
h. v119/3 (gen. pl. with stefnir), Heita h. v130/4 (dat. with sk‡tr)hrafnáll m. raven-sea or raven-seed (-sprout), i. e. the mead of
poetry (though neither is a usual type of kenning for this concept,
and the gen. of both áll ‘channel in the sea’ (cf. áll (1)) and áll‘sprout’ (cf. SnE 1848–87, II 493) would normally be áls) v4/4 t. n.
hrafn-Áss m. raven-god, i. e. Ó›inn (Gylf. ch. 38), whose drink is
the mead of poetry v4/4 (cf. t. n.), v95/4 (gen. with vin: his friend
is Loki—or Hœnir?)hrafnblár a. raven-black (of hair) v154/7 (with barmar; cf. 49/18)
hrafnfreistu›r m. ‘raven-tester, -trier, -user’, i. e. Ó›inn v19/3 (gen.
with mƒg; Ó›inn’s son is Baldr)
hrafnrey›r f. minke whale or lesser rorqual v490/8 (JG 10, 37; cf.
hrafnhvalr sei whale KSk 15, 165 and rey›r, KSk 17)
hráki m. spittle 3/14 (dat. with sp‡ttu), v5/3 t. n.
hrammr (also hrammi?) m. paw 108/34; foot, claws (of a bird)
v225/2 (to sink under the eagle’s feet is to die in battle andbecome prey to birds); hand, arm, in kenning for gold ring, hramma
hrynbál v207/2
hrannvalr a. wave-horse (or -falcon, cf. hrafn), i. e. ship (see Valr in
Index); in kenning for wave, hrannvalar fƒnn v17/3 (gen. sg. is usuallyvals, and Finnur Jónsson in Skj B I 295 emends to -vala as in WT)
hrapa (a›) wv. with dat. hasten, push forward, i. e. extend, exaggerate 6/16
hrapmunnr m. ‘quick mouth’; hrapmunnar handa the quick (biting)mouths of his hands, i. e. his (fingers’) swift grasp v88/2 (instr. with
svalg)
hrau› f. (1) ‘covering’; coat of mail v474/2. (2) a ship v493/2(‘plunderer’? or hrƒ›, ‘swift’?)
hraumi m. braggart or wretch 106/19 (subj.?)hraun n. heap of rocks, rocky ground; rock (collective), in kenningfor gold, h. handa v195/3 (gen. with gla›sendir)
hraundrengr m. ‘rock-gentleman’, giant (Hrungnir) v68/6 (subj. of var›at)hraunn (or hrƒnn) m. helmet-name v472/4
hraustr a. tough, bold, valiant v222/4, v352/2, v357/1 (with grenni,
see note)hre›jar f. pl. scrotum, testicles 2/33
hregg n. (rain-, snow- or sleet-)storm v78/5 (instr. with hƒggvin),
90/17; hreggs váfrei› = ﬁórr’s chariot v86/6; geira h. = battle
v219/2 (obj. of há›i); in kenning for generous lord, h. ár ste›ja
Eldis mála, destroyer, enemy of gold v317/3 (dat. with hei›r sé ok)
hregg-Mímir m. storm-Mímir, a name for the sky 85/17, v516/6,
see Index
hregg-Nir›ir m. pl. storm-Njƒr›rs, in kenning for men (warriors),318

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Hildar veggs h., Njƒr›rs, gods, of the storm of the shield, ofbattle, v231/4 (subj. of hjoggusk til)hreggskornir m. ‘storm-cleaver’, name for an eagle 92/1, v342/1(gen. with a word meaning ‘feeder’ (i. e. warrior, man) in theunquoted part of the verse, where it would have been dependenton handa; see note)hrei›i m. ox-name (‘stormer’? ‘horned’? ‘bellower’?) v505/6
hreifi m. wrist, palm (of hand) 108/35, 36
hreingróinn a. (pp.) clearly, brightly (or beautifully?) grown (grownbeautiful, Marold 1993, 298–9); h. steini i. e. with bright colours(or precious stones?) growing on it, covering it (of the shieldconceived as a leaf) v237/2 (with bla›)
hreingƒrr a. brightly made, brightly finished, made bright, i. e.
polished v92/7 (with hl‡ri)
hreinn (1) a. pure, bright v120/3 (with hafs), v272 (with hir›); clean(i. e. white?) v205/2 (with fƒt); comp. hreinni en brighter than v271/4
hreinn (2) m. reindeer 75/15; as name for ship v492/2 (Falk 1912,
87; Morkinskinna 1932, 428, Hkr III 313, Sverris saga 1920, 92;
cf. Index); also in kennings for ships, Svei›a h. 74/19, v258/4(dat. with komt), h. hlunns v359/3; in kenning for giants, hreinar
Lista gnípu v85/6 (gen. pl. with hlƒ›r)hremni n. = hrefni, strake on a ship’s side, usually fifth or sixthfrom the keel (Falk 1912, 53; LK 153–5) v497/3
hremsa f. arrow-name v465/6 (‘clawed’? ‘snatcher’?) (see Hremsa
and Gusir in Index)
hret n. cold wind (with snow), tempest, snowstorm 90/18
hretvi›ri n. stormy weather v80/8 (instr. with blásin)hreystima›r m. tough, strong, valiant, brave man 106/9
hrí› f. (period of) time 47/28, 52/20; storm; attack, (onset of) battle
v450/7; name for the sea v476/3
hrí›ir m. sword-name, ‘stormer’ v458/8
hrí›mál n. (snow-)storm-season 39/21
hrí›r m. ox-name (‘stormer’?) v504/6 (cf. Index)
hrím n. rime; soot v375/3 (obj. of skaut)hrímdalr m. frost-valley 39/21 t. n.
hrímnir m. boar, ‘dark, sooty, rimy’ or ‘screamer’ v513/2 (cf. Index)
hrímﬂurs m. frost-giant 42/37 (cf. Index and Gylf.)
hrinda (hratt) sv. with dat. push, drive v128/4 (pp. with hefir),v134/3 (á against); h. upp raise, cause to lift (and stop frowning)v392/2; pp. var hrundin e–u was battered by s–thing v66/3
hringbálkr m. circular partition, circular wall or enclosure; in kenningfor giants, Kumrar hellis hringbálkar, Cumbrians of the cave’s
circular wall, i. e. of the rock or of the mountain range v85/4

Glossary319

hringfár a. having few rings, short of rings, of a mail-shirt, i. e.
damaged (or possibly ‘ring-shining’, shining with rings) v228/1(-fám: the form -fáum would give better metre; see note to verse 143)
hringr m. (1) ring, that which encircles 36/28; in kenning for Midgard
serpent, bar›a brautar hringr, i. e. sea’s encircler v51/2. (2) goldring v178/3 (obj. of halda); arm-ring 42/26, 59/20, 61/15 (complement
or subj.?); svíra h. neck-ring v252/8 (pl., obj. of fingu); in kenning
for arm, hangferill hringa v234/3. (3) name for a ship v493/1(Falk 1912, 38: with a curled or spiral stem; cf. LK 130: hringlot= having a curved or bowed stem; cf. Hringr and Hringhorni(r) in
Index). (4) sword-name (a sword with a ring on the hilt, metonymy)v457/7; in kenning for battle, sword’s storm, hrings él v309/3; inkenning for Hildr Hƒgnadóttir, hristi-Sif hringa, sword-wielding
Sif v250/5 (cf. hristi-Sif)hringvƒrpu›r m. ring-thrower, generous ruler v111/4 (i. e. Eiríkr
gó›i; gen. with ævi)hrísgrísnir m. wolf (‘bush-grinner’, ‘bush-thinner’ or ‘bush-scraper’,‘bush-terrifier’; v. l. Hrímgrímnir, a giant-name, see Index) v220/4;
hrísgrísnis serkr is the wolf-shape assumed by shape-changing
warriors. Cf. Tanngrísnir in Index; Kock (NN 2744) suggests that-grísnir means ‘grey one’, but it is perhaps more likely to mean
‘gnasher’ (see ÁBM under -grísnir) and hrísgrísnir ‘one who gnashes
his teeth in the bushes’.
hrista (st) wv. shake; md. be shaken v67/3
hristir m. shaker; in kenning for warrior (Knútr inn ríki), h. sikulgjar›ar
íss, shaker, wielder of the sword v348/1 (vocative)
hristi-Sif f. ‘Sif who shakes’, in kenning for Hildr daughter ofHƒgni, h. hringa, the Sif who shakes ring-swords, sword-wielding
Sif v250/5 (subj. of bar). Kock, NN 1505, takes h. hálshringa as
the kenning, the Sif who shakes (brings, offers) neck-rings.
hrjó›a (hrau›, hru›u) sv. strip, clear (e–t e–u s–thing of s–thing);
md. be cleared (e–u of s–thing) v228/3; impers. hrau› e–u s–thing
was driven, tossed v356/1; drive away, get rid of (with dat.)
Háttatal 37/6; pres. p. hrjó›andi fjƒru ﬂjó›ar, destroyer of giants
v83/6 (pl., in apposition with hylri›ar)hrjó›r m. (1) one who strips, clears, disables, i. e. in battle, attacker,
destroyer; in kenning for Viking (Haraldr hárfagri), h. báru fáks v256/1
hrjó›r m. (2) ‘coverer’ or ‘streamer’, ‘strewer’, a name for the sky
85/18 (see Index); for the sun v517/3 (cf. leiptr (1))
hrjóta (hraut) sv. fly, be flung 4/30, burst v181/7
hró f. a low hill v502/5
hró›r (rs) m. fame, glory, praise v293/4 (gen. with vert; i. e. worthyof a poem of praise?—perhaps referring to ve›r rather than to

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har›ræ›it hvert?), v299/3 (dat. obj. of halda), 83/15; i. e. praisepoetry v31/2, a poem of praise v301/1 (of about), v395/4 (gen.
with háttu; or with upphaf, see note)hró›rbarn n. glorious, famous child; h. Hƒrnar = Hnoss or Gersimi,
i. e. treasure (a decorated weapon; ofljóst) v147/1 (obj. of st‡ra)hró›rgjƒr› f. (construction of a) work of praise, eulogy v398/1
hró›rmál n. pl. speeches of praise (poetry) (subject of lí›a) v8/4
hró›rsmí› f. the making of praise (poetry), works of praise v38/3(obj. of haga)hrognkelsi n. lumpsucker v485/5
hrókr m. shag (bird) (or raven?—cf. English rook); in kenning forblood, hróka bjórr (hrókr meaning raven), or perhaps bjórr hróka
Haddingja vals (beer of the shag of the Haddings’ carnage) is thecomplete kenning v5/3. Cf. Index under Haddingjar
hrósa (›) wv. with dat. boast about, be triumphant at 45/7; be proudof v13/3, v148/3 (object is ﬂví barni)
hross n. horse 109/14 (gen.)hrosshvalr m. a fabulous whale (JG 8, 35; KSk 16), though the
etymology suggests ‘walrus’ (rostungr) v490/7 (‘horse whale’ LML 123)
hrostabrim n. malt-surf; h. Alfƒ›ur kenning for mead of poetry
6/37; as two words v1/4
hrosti m. malt, mash, wort v1/4 (see hrostabrim), v360/1 (gen.
with lú›rs; perhaps metonymy for ale)hrót n. roof; heims h. = heaven v271/1 (gen. with fer›)
hrútmánu›r m. ‘ram-month’ (mid-December to mid-January) 99/18
hrútr m. ram 90/14, v507/1 and t. n.; cf. v260/3 t. n.
hryggr (1) m. back, spine 25/26
hryggr (2) a. sad, unhappy v101/2 (complement of ur›ut; litotes,
i. e. they became very happy)
hrygna f. female (spawning) fish, especially trout or salmon v485/4
hrynbál n. ringing, clanging fire, in kenning for gold ring, hramma
h. v207/1 (gen. with bjarkar)
hrynbe›r m. ‘ringing bed’, in kenning for gold, snake’s bed, h.
Fjƒrgynjar áls v317/4 (gen. with ƒrgildi)
hrynbraut f. flowing or falling (or possibly crashing) road, in kenningfor sea, áls h. v194/6 (gen. with eldi)
hryneldr m. ringing, clanging fire, in kenning for sword, h. brynju
v243/2 (acc. with lét)hryngráp n. ringing, crashing hail, in kenning for the rain of missilesv229/4 (subj. of brestr)hrynja (hrun›i) wv. fall with a crash, crash down (á on) v363/1
hrynserkr m. ‘ringing shirt’, in kenning for coat of mail, Hanga h.
v228/2 (dat. with kasta)Glossary321

hrynsær m. ‘flowing, streaming sea’, in kenning for blood, h. hræva
v102/1 (gen. with hund)hræ n. corpse, carrion 87/8, 90/27, 28, v340/2 (dat. pl. hræm); in
kennings for blood, hrynsær hræva v102/1, hræva dƒgg v155/3
hræddr a. afraid, filled with terror 2/10
hræ›ask (dd) wv. md. with acc. be afraid of 46/16
hrægammr m. ‘corpse-vulture’, in kenning for raven or eagle, h.
ara sævar, i. e. gammr ara hræsævar, vulture of the eagle’s corpsesea, of blood v333/8 (gen. with greddir). This kenning has redundant
determinants: either hrægammr or gammr ara sævar would inthemselves be sufficient as a kenning for a carrion bird; Kock, NN
864, reads greddir ara sævar hrægamms ‘feeder of the vulture of thecorpse of the eagle’s sea’, i. e. of the bird which eats bloody corpseshrægjarn a. ‘corpse-eager’, greedy for carrion v233 n. (with ylgr)hræmæki n. ‘corpse-sword’, spear-name v464/4hræva-Gautr m. sword-name, ‘corpse-Gautr’ (perhaps ‘a Gautish sword’,or personification (Gautr is one of Ó›inn’s names, see Index))v455/3hrævar›r m. sword-name, ‘corpse-wrapped’ v456/3hrœra (›) wv. move (trans.); stir, of producing (the mead of) poetry
v46/4 (inf. with getum); turn v133/1; md. be moved 22/32
hrœrir m. mover, i. e. leader; sagna h. leader of the three Æsir, Lokiv100/1 (acc. with ba›)hrƒndu›r m. sword-name, ‘shover’ v453/1
hrƒnn f. wave v4/4 t. n., v260/4 t. n., 95/13, v358/3 (subj. of ﬂógu);vi› hrƒnnum by the waves, near the surface of the sea v56/3; of ariver, jar›ar skafls h. v80/5 (subj. of ﬂur›i). Cf. Index and hraunn
hrøkkva (hrƒkk) sv. curl up; pp. coiled up v153/3; move, react
violently v67/5 (inf. with frá ek)
hrøkkviáll m. coiling eel, in kenning for Midgard serpent, h. Vƒlsunga
drekku v153/3
hú› f. hide, skin 50/20
húflangr a. having a long side, long-sided v289/4 (with skæ)húfr m. the side of a ship, the middle planks between bow and stern(Falk 1912, 51, 53: perhaps one particular strake?) v355/3, v497/3;
instr. v352/1, húfi róinn ‘hull-rowed’, rowed by hulls, frequented
by ships, of a bay v120/3
húfstjóri m. ‘hull-controller, -driver’, in kenning for ﬁórr, hreggs
váfrei›ar h. controller of the hull of the storm’s (storm-causing?)
swaying (or floating, hovering) chariot v86/5
huga›r a. (pp.) endued with courage (betr: more, greater, to ahigher degree) 48/12
huglétt a. n. as adv. with dat. light of heart; comp. henni mundi hug-

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léttara she would feel happier, she would be consoled, it would be
a comfort to her 3/31
huglognir m. sword-name, ‘unreliable pommel’ (or ‘courage-betrayer’?)v455/6. Cf. hugró
hugprú›r a. gallant, brave; as nickname 58/31
hugr m. thought 108/25, 27, 28, 30, 32; mood 109/13; courage
46/23; kemr e–m í hug it occurs to s–one 49/29; mind, purpose
v82/6 (obj. of hlaut); ﬂróttar h. valorous thought, determination
v85/2 (dat. pl. with bornir)hugraun f. test, proof of valour 21/7
hugreifr a. heart-cheerful, heart-glad, glad of mind v39/2, v280/2
hugrekki f. heart’s courage v209/4 (subj. of skalat; with okkur)
hugreynandi m. (pres. p.) ‘thought-trier’, friend, in kenning for
Loki, h. Hœnis v103/3 (subj. of sveik apt)
hugró f. upper hilt, pommel of a sword v462/3. Hugróin f. is thename of a ship in Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar 1887, 191, andSverris saga ch. 159, pp. 167–8. Cf. ró (1)hugstórr a. magnanimous v27/1 (with vƒr›)hugﬂrútinn a. swollen with courage, bulging with courage v336/2(with konungs hjarta)
húm n. ‘the dark, dim one’, name for the sea v355/4 (subj. of dreif;if dreif is impers., húm must be dat. of húmr), v476/4
humarr m. lobster v485/5
húmr m. ‘the dark, dim one’, name for the sea 94/25; perhaps húm
n. in v355/4; cf. v130/3 t. n.
hunang n. honey 3/22
húnbora f. mast-head hole, hole at the top of a mast for a rope (thehalyard) to pass through v497/1 (Falk 1912, 59; LK 198)
hundforn a. very ancient, age-old v86/8 (with kjƒl)hundr m. dog (i. e. attacker, savager) 39/14; in kenning for wolf
(dog of blood), i. e. ravager, thief, hrynsævar hræva h. v102/2(obj. of fundu; thief of I›unn = Loki; v. l. Hrund, see Index)
hundra› n. hundred 101/12; a hundred men v338/3, 107/11
hundvíss a. very wise, cunning 21/1, 25/1 (hund- intensive; perhaps
also associated with hundr ‘dog’)hungr m. hunger v323/1 (obj. of sleit)
hungrey›andi m. (pres. p.) ‘hunger-abolisher’, ‘he who abolishes
the hunger (e–s of s–one)’, in kenning for warriors, those who
assuage the hunger of the raven (by providing dead bodies) v248/3(dat. pl. with hlé›ut)
húnn m. (1) (bear-)cub 88/6, v511/1
húnn m. (2) ‘hound’, mast-top, a four-sided structure fixed to the
top of a mast, crow’s-nest (Falk 1912, 59; cf. OED hound2) v12/3

Glossary

323(obj. of bindr; the rel. clause presumably belongs with jar›hljótr;
see note), v359/3, v497/1; in kennings for ship, húna hógd‡rv124/3, húna íugtanni v260/3
húnspænir (or -spœnir) m. pl. the flat pieces of wood forming the
húnn (Falk 1912, 59) v500/8
hur› f. door, hurdle; in kenning for shields, hur›ir Hjarranda v254/5
hús n. house 33/26, 36/29, 39/19, v371/2, v374/3, v402/3, 108/15,
25, 26; building 47/22; pl. buildings, premises 59/15, dwellingv159/2, v174/2
húskarl m. housecarl, member of the king’s (or earl’s) bodyguard
or following 80/12, 14, 15 (complement), v283/4 (vocative), 284/4(gen. with li›), 80/26, v444/4
hva›an adv. whence; h. af from where, from what origin 3/10
hváll m. small hill, knoll v502/4
hvalland n. whale-land, kenning for sea v260/4 t. n.
hvalmœnir m. whales’ roof-ridge, surface of the sea; obj. of skefr v124/3
hvalr m. whale 63/13, v489 t. n.; in kenning for the sea, hvals rannv260/4 (rann to be taken as first half of the compound ranngnípur);in kenning for ox, Ska›i’s whale (presumably because whales
were seen as Njƒr›r’s oxen?), ﬂrymseilar Várar h. v96/4 (obj. of
deila, cf. note)hvammr m. depression in a hillside, a small valley, dell, coomb v502/6
hvaptar m. pl. cheeks, jaws, mouth (of = over, past; mér i. e. my) v8/3
hvarf n. disappearance 2/6
hvarfa (a›) wv. wander, go aimlessly v329/9
hvargi er adv. (conj.) wherever v136/1
hvárigr pron. neither v160/5 (dat. with hét; he promised neither ofthem, i. e. he promised, declared neither would get)hvarmr m. eyelid 42/12, 44/27, 108/12
hvarmﬂeyr m. ‘eyelid-thaw’, i. e. tears, in kenning for gold, h.
Freyju v244/4 (instr. with drifinn, of the axe conceived as ice)hvárr pron. which (of two) 78/18 (with konunginn, i. e. whether it
is Christ or an earthly king); each v346/3; each (of two, tveggja,
i. e. both, see next) v86/5 (with sprundi)
hvártveggja pron. each of the two, both; n. hvárttveggja 2/34, 61/14
hvass a. sharp 46/25, v164/6; n. as adv. sharply, violently v357/1
hvassligr a. keen(-looking), piercing (of eyes) v45/2
hvat pron. = eitthvat, something v305/3 (acc. with kva›)
hvati m. sword-name, ‘sharp(ened)’, ‘the keen one’ v455/1
hvatr a. bold, active, swift, keen v107/3 (e–s in s–thing; withlandreki), cf. v328/3 t. n.; as nickname 58/31; n. as adv. fastv133/1 (with hrœra), vigorously, quickly, with speed v233 n.
(with r‡›r; or with brunar, NN 2539)

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hvatrá›r a. quick to act (vi› against), unhesitant, effective v217/2
hvats = hvat er; h. mátti as much, as hard as he could v99/7
hvé adv. how v92/1, v237/2 (noun clause after heyra, ‘how I shall. . .’ rather than a separate question, ‘How shall I . . .), v245/1(after sjá), v282/1 (after nemi), v368/3 (after nemi)hve›nir m. a kind of fish, perhaps milter v485/6
hve›urr m. ram-name, ‘roarer’ v507/5
hvégi er adv. (conj.) however, no matter how v109/1 (with ramman)
hvein f. marshy land v376/3 t. n.
hveiti n. wheat; meal; Freka h. = carrion v324/2 (obj. of ná›i)hvelfa (lf›) wv. impers. with dat. overturn, capsize 3/28
hvélsvelgr m. ‘wheel-swallower’, in kenning for troll-wife, h. himins,
swallower of the sky-wheel, i. e. of the sun, = the wolf thatswallows the sun v300a/7 (cf. Gylf. ch. 12)
hvélvala f. ‘wheel knob’, round stones in the bed of the river v78/3(subj. of ne sváfu)
hvergi adv. nowhere; not at all 22/6, 8
hverlƒgr m. pot-liquid; in kenning for (mead of) poetry, h. Ó›ins
14/12, h. gálga farms v33/6
hverr pron. (1) who, which, what v7/4 (after kjósa); af hverju fromwhich 20/17, why 46/6. (2) each 59/24, 72/19; every v111/3,
v333/6 (with grunn), v360/1, v384/1 (with ﬂrumu); (than) every
other v381/4 (dat. of comparison); any 105/18; h. er anyone who,
whoever 3/22, 105/23; hvert er whatever or whichever (i. e. sword)
72/22; h. at ƒ›rum one after another, each in turn 59/18; hverr . . .
sína i. e. each in turn 3/4; hvern dag eptir annan day after day
72/27; jafn hverr vi› annan each one equivalent to any other,
indistinguishable from any other 79/17; hverr fyrir sér each one inhimself (each one separately?—each (kind of) man has his appropriate
designation?) 99/21; einn hverr each one, each individual 106/23(subj.) (cf. einn, einnhverr)
hvetja (hvatti) wv. urge; h. heiman urge to leave home, urge to set
off v73/2 (inf. with ré› at)hvi›u›r m. name for wind v332/6 t. n.
hvíla (d) wv. rest; h. hjá sleep with 4/55 t. n.; md. stop moving, be
still v175/1
hvíld f. rest 52/13, v160/6, v175/6 (obj. of gefa)
hvilpt f. (grassy) hollow v502/3
hvína (hvein) sv. whistle (through the air), fly with a whistlingsound v70/3 (at against, at), swish v243/1
hvinverskr a. from Hvinir (Kvin in Agder/Kvinesdal in the south of
Norway) 8/12, 22/33, 30/22, 34/8, 84/24
hvítingr m. name for a sword, ‘white(ned), shining’, see Index;

Glossary325

name for the sea or a wave v478/2; for drinking horns (cf. ﬁorsteinsﬂáttr bæjarmagns; Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, II 145), in kenningfor woman, hvítinga Hlƒkk v338/4 (also a personal name, see Index)
hvítm‡lingr m. arrow-name, ‘white-pointed, shining-nosed’ v465/2
hvítr a. white 19/10 (i. e. white-haired? or bright?), v127/2 (withRánar, white with foam); hin hvíta, of a shield v239/2 (with rít);of silver 61/12, v194/3
hvƒt f. eagerness, boldness, brave deeds v288/2 (subj. of líkar); in
kenning for battle, sword’s eagerness (incitement?) v28/2
hyggja (hug›i) wv. think; (1) followed by subjunc., with suffixed
pron. and neg. hykka I do not think (that) v192/3. (2) followed by
at-clause, think 1/19, 2/31, v356/3; by at and subjunc., expect,
guess v2/3, v375/2; hug›i at fœri planned that she would bring,intended to bring v250/4 (cf. note). (3) abs., think v22/1 (‘what hethought’), en menn of hyggi than people think, can imagine v273/1.
(4) with prep. h. at examine 45/38. (5) with inf. intend, with suffixed
pron. hykk v1/1; with at and inf. intend 20/26; (6) with acc. andinf. v14/1 (hykk, ‘I perceive, I think I can see’); with acc. and p.
inf., hygg ek I believe v373/1, v400 n. (with suffixed pron. hykk
v. l.); with suffixed pron. and neg. hykkat I do not believe v362/2.
(7) with acc. and a. that s–one is s–thing v121/1 (1st pers.; perhaps
read hyggk or hykk), hygg (I) think, believe (to be) v516/14. (8)md. with inf. think (dream) that one is doing s–thing v20/2
hyggjandi f. intellect 109/10
hylbauti m. ‘depth-striker’, name for a ship v493/4
hylja (hul›a) wv. conceal, cover so as to hide 45/20, 36, 38, 39; pp.
n. as adv. hulit obscurely 5/27 (or predicative a. ‘so as to be obscure’)
hylr m. pool, deep place in a river v477/5
hylri›i m. ‘pool-rider’, one who passes over pools, river-crosser
v83/5 (pl., subj. of hæ›i; i. e. ﬁórr and ﬁjálfi)hyrna f. horn of an axe-blade, or an axe with horned blade v463/2
hyrr m. burning, glowing, fire 98/13, v376/4, v387/4 (gen. withljóma); sword-name v458/7; in kenning for gold, h. fló›s v266/4(gen. with støkkvi), hellis h. v65/3 (gen. with bƒrr, see note)
hyrrunnr m. fire-bush, -tree, in kenning for men (warriors), Gunnar(or gunnar) hyrrunnar trees of Gunnr’s (battle’s) fire, i. e. of thesword (cf. gunnr and Gunnr in Index) v221/4 (dat. with ﬂótta)hæ› f. height; á h. on high v516/2hæ›i p. subjunc. of heyja (1)hæll (1) m. heel; á hæla e–m on s–one’s heels, in s–one’s following
v284/3; the back of the lower end of a rudder (LK 178) or the rearend of a keel (= kjalarhæll; Falk 1912, 34; LK 131) v497/7
hæll (2) m. widow (of a slain husband) 107/36, v438/7

326

Skáldskaparmálhæstr a. sup. highest v267/3 (with giptu), v384/4 (antecedent ofclause is harri); very high v387/3 (with ljóma). Cf. hættr
hætta (tt) wv. (1) with dat. stop, cease from 42/7; sem munum hætta
so far that we shall (now) stop, we must stop v182/4
hætta (tt) wv. (2) venture, take a risk (abs.) v3/3
hætting f. risk, danger (at in) v54/4 (acc. with kva› ﬂykkja; understandvera)hættr a. dangerous; sup. hæztrar tí›ar at the most dangerous time
(adv. gen., Heusler 1950, § 376; cf. Noreen 1923, § 439) v256/1(WTUA and Fagrskinna 69 read hæstrar, highest, i. e. most appropriate, auspicious)hœfir m. ox-name, ‘hoofed’? ‘rider’? ‘hitter’? v504/3; see Indexhœfr a. suited (at e–u to s–thing), effective (in), good (at) v221/3(complement of ﬂótta)hœgri a. comp. right (as opposed to left) v48/1, 59/23
hœingr m. milter salmon v485/3 (cf. modern Icelandic hængur, amale fish of any species)hœkingr m. sword-name, ‘hooked’ (of the hilt) v457/7
hœla (d) wv. with dat. boast about, glory in 72/21
hœlibƒl n. ‘boasting-bale, -destruction’, in kenning for the whetstonelodged in ﬁórr’s head, it rau›a ry›s hœlibƒl, that red thing which
can boast that it destroys rust (boasting, i. e. noisy, self-advertising
destroyer of rust) v71/4 (obj. of gœli)hœsn n. pl. chickens v412–517 n.
hƒ› f. battle v252/4 (instr. with stƒ›va, or adv. ‘in battle’; Kock, NN
156, reads hƒ›glamma, battle-wolf, gen. with mun, and lætrat inline 1; Krause (quoted Reichardt 1928, 94–5) takes hƒ› as acc.
parallel to mun; Reichardt suggests hƒ›glamma is a compound
meaning ‘sword’)hƒf›ingi m. ruler, lord 5/36, 106/4; chieftain, nobleman, prince,
man of rank 80/11, 80/26, 81/5, 106/15, v442/7
hƒfgahallr m. heavy stone, millstone v170/7 (obj. of sløng›um inapposition to snú›gasteini)hƒfu›, haufu› (-au- is sometimes presupposed by the rhyme, cf.
Gylf. 7/19 and note to verse 155) n. head 6/5, v52/4 (gen. withsundrkljúfr), 19/11 (complement), 19/13 (subj.), v89/1 (dat. withof kom), 41/35, v385/3, 108/6, 22; instr. 19/12; at hauf›i onto hishead, head-first v155/8 (with fell); í hƒfu› (hƒf›i) e–m onto (in)s–one’s head 3/34, 22/2; figurehead v358/4 (pl., obj. of ﬂógu)hƒfu›ba›mr m. principal member of a clan, kinsman on the maleside, agnate 107/19, v446/8hƒfu›band n. head-band, snood 40/28, 43/11
hƒfu›benda f. back-stay, shroud, one of the ropes from the top of

Glossary327

the mast to the side of the ship (Falk 1912, 59; LK 199) v497/6
hƒfu›hvessingr m. sword-name, ‘mighty sharp(ened one)’ v455/1hƒfu›ni›jar m. pl. chief kinsmen; Randvérs h. = the royal house of
the Gothic kings v154/6 (gen. with ranni)hƒfu›sbani m. complete destruction, deadly destruction 45/30
hƒfu›skáld n. major poet, ‘classical’ poet 5/30, 6/30, 85/15
hƒfu›stafn m. ‘head-stem’; the stem of the raven’s head is its beakv319/4hƒfugr a. heavy v54/3 (with megindrætti), v181/7
hƒgg n. blow, stroke 1/30, 6/8, v68/5 (obj. of bí›a lengi), 45/8, 72/20
hƒggfá›r m. ‘blow-coloured or -polished’, sword-name (or a namefor the blade?) v462/5 (A and B read hƒggsta›r, ‘blow-place’, thepart of the blade that strikes, though this word would normallymean ‘a place to strike a blow’)hƒggva (hjó, hjoggu, hƒgg(v)inn) sv. strike 6/14, 43/4, 49/2, v164/5(e–u with s–thing; ﬂví [not even] for this reason), cut 49/39,
50/10; hew, cut down (with a sword) v396/1; pp. cut down v22/3(a. with li›ar; or passive); hƒggvin beaten (e–u by s–thing) v78/5(with fellihryn or with hlymﬂél; cf. NN 448); severed v155/3 (withhendr); md. hƒggvask e–u til strike at each other with s–thing, jab
at each other with s–thing v231/3
hƒggvápn n. cutting weapon (axes and swords as opposed to spears)
67/24hƒgu›r m. name for a sword, perhaps ‘striker’ or ‘serviceable’v451/4hƒl›r m. always pl., yeomen, free farmers, freeholders 80/8, v328/3 t. n.,
106/7, v440/2, 4; warriors, heroes v176/1 (gen. with hendr), v336/1(subj. of lúta); men, mankind v276/1 (gen. with stilli). Cf. hauldrhƒll f. (feasting-)hall 1/6, 5/38, v35/3, 24/24, 35/21, 40/39, 58/7, 67/19,
v374/2 (subj. of loga); of a giant’s cave, h. ﬁurnis (or Hei›reks)
v89/1 (subj. of bif›isk); i. e. Valhƒll v11/6, 20/30, 37; Rúms hƒll= the city of Rome (the Vatican?) v269/4 (obj. of reisti); gallópnis
hallir = mountains v75/6 (gen. with Endils; cf. 35/21)
hƒmlungr m. ‘oar-strapped’, name for a ship v492/3 (or ‘having
rowlocks’, cf. hamla)hƒnd (dat. hendi, pl. hendr) f. hand, arm 1/33, v48/2, 21/20 (under
his arms, i. e. round his chest), v88/1 (gen. with hrapmunnum),v98/8 (understand loddu), 40/31, 42/4, 13 (instr.), 45/26, v155/4(obj. of kendu), v175/1, v175/5 (i. e. to my hands; dat. with gefa),
v176/1, 59/23 (instr.), v244/3, 108/33, 34; heiti á hendi names for(parts of) the arm v412–517 n. (cf. 108/34); tveim hƒndum withboth hands v396/2; af e–s hendi on s–one’s part 2/35, on s–one’s
behalf 72/11; bera af hendi hand over, deliver v303/2; fyrir h. e–s328

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on behalf of s–one, instead of s–one v254/1; e–m í hendr into
s–one’s charge 49/22; e–m til handa for s–one, on s–one’s behalf
49/21, 58/37, v255/4 t. n.; taka hƒndum see taka; in kenning forgold, hraun handa v195/3; for sword (or silver), handar svell
v215/1; gen. pl. as prep. with dat., for, on behalf of v342/1 (thedat. word would have been in the unquoted part of the verse,
cf. note)hƒrleikr m. bowstring-play, warfare with bows v59/8 (obj. of spara;
WT have hjƒrleik, ‘sword-play’)hƒss a. grey v220/3
hƒttr m. hat, hood 67/18, 108/7; Hangat‡s h., Hropts h. = helmet
v3/1, v472/1; i. e. head v85/8 (á hƒtt onto the head, but possibly
dat. (cf. Noreen 1923, § 395.3), on the head; giantess’s hat isperhaps a kenning for the stool pressing down on her head?—cf. 25/25)
í› f. activity, action v450/2; doing, achievement (labour?) v139/3(ﬂínar perhaps refers to King Sverrir)i›a f. eddy v477/8i›hvarf n. ‘repeated-turn’, patterning on sword-blade v460/7 (v. l.
(ABC) i›varp, ‘repeated warp’; cf. bló›varp)i›rask (a›) wv. md. with gen. regret 21/5
ifjungr m. ‘hooded one’? ‘haltered one’? ‘doubtful one’, i. e.
unreliable?—name for a bear 88/6, v511/4ifrƒ›ull m. ‘doubt-wheel’, a name for the sun 85/20, v517/5
ig›a f. a kind of bird; in modern Icelandic a nuthatch 46/37
ígull m. sea-urchin v488/8
il f. sole of the foot v68/3, v75/7 (gen. with gaupnum), v174/5 (obj.
of etr), 108/38, 109/2; in kennings for shield, Hrungnir’s ilja bla›
69/24, v237/4, giant’s ilja brú v104/6 (dat. with á)
illa adv. badly; ver›a i. vi› be badly affected by 2/6; kunna i. see
kunnaillr a. evil, bad 109/13; unpleasant, cruel v154/1 (with draum);
wicked v369/2; poor, unsuccessful 4/16; er ilt til e–s s–thing isdifficult to obtain 1/17; with gen. i. vi›reignar awkward to deal
with 25/1; n. as subst. evil (treatment) 21/18
íma f. she-wolf (‘dusky’) v515/3ímarr m. ‘dusky’, wolf-name v514/8ímnir m. ‘battler’, sword-name v459/3
ímr m. ‘dusky’, wolf-name v514/9; íms sveit = wolves v324/2
ímun f. battle v450/4ímunfƒlr a. ‘battle-pale’, i. e. having lost its colour by use?—or‘shining in battle?—of a shield v68/3 (with íss; Finnur Jónsson,

Glossary329

LP 323, takes ímun as first part of the compound ímundísir ‘valkyries’,
separated by tmesis; cf. NN 142)ímunlaukr m. ‘battle-leek’, sword, in kenning for warrior, man:Ullr ímunlauks v185/2 (vocative)ímynda (a›) wv. imagine, cf. v122/4 t. n.
in adv. pleonastic with comp. a. v299/4. Cf. neytri
inna (t) wv. tell, enumerate v417/2
innan adv. inside (i. e. on the interior walls of the hall, see note toverse 8) v14/4; on the inside: herskip innan i. e. the insides ofwarships v404/3; out (with drap sér; i. e. abroad? or away fromhome?) v401/3 (cf. note)
inndrótt f. domestic troop v186/2 (i. sinni dat. of advantage orrespect with brattakr, i. e. their arms), v196/4, 80/26, v444/5
innh‡singar m. pl. members of a household v445/1
inni (1) adv. inside; hér inni in this household v196/3; ﬂar i. in it 47/22
inni (2) n. pl. lodgings, dwelling v375/1 (subj. of brunnu)ísarn n. iron; weapon made of iron v468/4ísarnleikr m. ‘iron-game’, battle v65/5, v108/1
ísólfr (or ísƒlfr: spelled with ƒ in R) m. ‘ice-wolf’, name for a bearv510/3 (see Index)
íss m. ice 36/28 (pl., i. e. ice-floes?), 58/25; i. e. an ice-covered lakev329/6; in kenning for axe (or sword), randa(r) íss 70/29, v244/2(obj. of ﬂá ek); for sword, íss sikulgjar›ar v348/4 (gen. withhristir); for shield, randa íss v68/4 (subj. of fló; contrast v244/2;
presumably refers to the iron fittings on the shield, or to its shiny
surface, cf. Meissner 1921, 168; Bjarni Einarsson 1987, 159–60)
ítr a. splendid v89/5 (with gulli), v115/1 (with sal), v121/3 (with Au›ssystur, although strong in declension; Finnur Jónsson in SnE 1931,
115 emends to ítran, with menﬂverri), v266/1, v298/1 (with ættbœti)ítrserkr m. splendid shirt, i. e. decorated container, in kenning forale-horn, í. jastar flœ›ar v368/2 (dat. after á)íugtanni m. ‘greedy-tooth(ed)’, name for a bear 75/14, 88/6, v511/3;
in kenning for ship, húna í. v260/4 (subj. of hlaup)íﬂrótt f. craft, art 3/10, v16/1; skill, sport v85 n.
ja›arr m. side or edge (of hand) 108/35
jafn a. equal, equivalent, indistinguishable (vi› to, from) 79/17, 19;of equal size, of the same size (?with dat., i. e. as his opponent,
see under hersir) v265/3
jafna (a›) wv. with dat. compare (til with), make equivalent (to),see as corresponding (to) 6/5, 23
jafndœgri n. equinox (in September and March) 99/15, 16
jafnfrœkn a. equally brave, as brave (as) 48/15

330

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jafngó›r a. equally good, as good 20/23, 41/36
jafnhár a. equally high; n. as adv. as high (sem as) v72/6
jafnhƒfugr a. as heavy (sem as) 42/27
jafnmargr a. equally many, the same number 3/4
jafnmildr a. as generous (i. e. as Magnús gó›i) v105/2
jafnréttr a. equally valid (sem to), just as valid (as those of) 80/1;
just as legitimate (sem as) 80/7
jafnskjótt n. a. as adv. immediately 59/4; j. sem immediately that,as soon as 43/8,
jálfu›r (or, if a compound, jalfu›r) m. = jƒlfu›r v511/3
jara f. battle v449/8
jar›hljótr (-hlutr v. l.) m. land-getter, Earl Sigur›r Hákonarson v12/2(subj. of eykr and probably the antecedent to sá er bindr), v308/2
jar›rá›endr m. pl. rulers (of a land; Gunnhildarsynir) v5/7 (subj. ofnæm›u), v278/3
jar›spar›a f. ‘earth-sparth’, a kind of axe v463/1
jarki m. side of the foot 109/2
jarl m. earl, ruler next in rank to a king (and technically subject toone) v1/4 (referring to ﬁorfinnr), v61/2 (gen. with bági), 79/18,
27, 30, 80/7, 11, v284/4 (indefinite; dat. of respect with hæla),81/10, 82/6 (Sigur›r Hákonarson), v309/1 (unidentified; subj. oflætr, in apposition to her›ir), 99/23, 100/12 (subj.); as title v211/4,
79/21, 82/6, 7; vocative v27/2 (Hákon Sigur›arson); nafn jarls thetitle of earl 101/24; high-born man, noble warrior: sem jarlar
for›um like free (noble) men of old v255/1 (see note); konungr
jarla outstanding one among earls (Earl ﬁorfinnr) v282/2; styrk
jarls mæg› strong (i. e. close) relationship by marriage to the earl(Rƒgnvaldr (1)), strong links with the earl v296/4
jarlaskáld n. earls’ poet (nickname: reference is to the earls of
Orkney) 6/32, 33/27, 35/5, 79/21
járn n. iron 42/10, 49/36 (i. e. a weapon), v179/7 (instr.), 59/13,
v248/4 (dat. with sé›ar); pl. weapons v339/3 (instr., by means of
weapons); name for a weapon of any kind v468/3
járngreipr f. pl. ‘iron-grips’, = járnglófar, ﬁórr’s iron gloves 24/21,
25/2 (here the word ought to be gen., like megingjar›a (as in
WU), but ljá can take an acc. obj., see note), 31. Cf. Gylf. ch. 21
járnsía f. lump of molten (red-hot) iron 25/30
járnskór m. iron shoe 19/24 (cf. Gylf. ch. 51)
járnsúla f. iron pillar 25/32 (cf. verse 89)
jartegn f. sign, proof (pl.) 22/26
jast-Rín f. ‘yeast-Rhine’, i. e. ale, in kenning for (the mead of)poetry, i. e. a poem, giants’ ale, S‡rar fentanna greppa j. v292/4(with mína; obj. of lætk uppi)

Glossary331

játa (tt) wv. with dat. agree (to s–thing) 1/27, 4/10
jó› n. newborn child, offspring 107/16, 108/4, v446/5 (cf. Ítreksjó›
in Index); ara j. i. e. eagles v400/2 (dat. sg. (collective) with fekk)
jó›dís f. ‘child-lady’, poetical word for sister; probably the same as
jódís (horse-lady?) 108/4
jódraugr m., ægis j. sea’s horse-trunk, ship-tree, kenning for man
v2/1 (dat. pl., ‘for men’)jól n. pl. feast; in kenning for carrion (to provide which is to fighta successful battle), Hugins j. v400 n. (obj. of st‡r›u). Cf. Index
and Fagrskinna 61 (Haraldskvæ›i)
jólnar m. pl. the yule-gods, a name for the heathen gods (usuallytaken to be jóln n. pl.; Jólnir m. is also a name for Ó›inn, see
Index; cf. jƒln = go›, SnE 1848–87, II 494) 85/3, v307/1
jór m. horse; in kenning for ship, á jó strengjar v286/2 (with ﬂá(gi)rather than with bæri, see note); also a proper name, see Index
jórekr m. personal name used as name for bear (‘horse-powerful’)
88/7, v510/8. See Index
jórir m. name for a hart v512/1 t. n.
jósu see ausa
jótr (trs) m. tooth (grinder); in kenning for rock, vegtaugar j. =taugar veg-j., tooth of the (fishing-)line’s way, of the sea v89/6(gen. with ﬂrjóti, i. e. who lives in the rock or in rocky places)jƒfurr m. prince (king or earl) v35/4 (Hákon Sigur›arson; gen. with
ﬂjó›ir), v130/2 (dat. of respect, for the prince; perhaps Sigur›r
Jórsalafari), v141/1 (unidentified), v186/2 (subj. of sær; i. e. Haraldrhar›rá›i), v192/2 (Haraldr blátƒnn?), v217/3 (fyr jƒfrum tveim
i. e. against Óláfr of Norway and ¯nundr of Sweden), v251/7(He›inn and Hƒgni; dat. pl. with etti), v275/4 (Haraldr har›rá›i;dat. with launak), v285/2 (perhaps St Óláfr), v294/2 (Haraldrhar›rá›i; dat. with brá), v351/3 (dat. after und; unidentified),
v370/2 (Magnús gó›i), v398 n. (St Knútr Sveinsson), v395/1(Óláfr of Sweden), v409/4 (gen. pl. with sess). Cf. Jƒfurr in Indexjƒlfu›r m. ‘roarer’ or ‘yellow-bum’, name for a bear 88/7; cf. jálfu›rjƒr› f. land 8/22 (cf. Jƒr› in Index), v115/1, v121/2 (i. e. Norway),
v128/1 (i. e. from shore), v133/3, v309/4 (i. e. Norway; obj. of
ﬂryngvi und sik), v501/1; á jƒr›u austr i. e. in Norway v408/1;
ground 22/1, 25/34, v168/4, v169/4 (with fyrir ne›an); (the) earth
v15/3 (gen. with gu›), 33/26, 35/19 (cf. Jƒr› in Index), 76/23,
85/23, v315/1 (subj. of gein; Jƒr›?), v388/1 (gen. with hƒslu);
jar›ar heiti names (terms) for (the) earth (land) 108/13, v501 t. n.
(cf. Jƒr› in Index); í jƒr›u in the ground, underground 21/33; i. e.
resting place, in kennings (that on which s–thing rests, or overwhich it travels) 108/25, 36, 37; in kenning for sea (part of kenning332

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for gold), j. stafna v4/1 (gen. with leiptra); in kennings for Midgard
serpent, jar›ar reistr v24/4, jar›ar sei›r v47/3; i. e. Jƒr› (seeIndex), whose son is ﬁórr (subj. of œstisk, parallel to allra landaumgjƒr›) v43/2, cf. 35/19; in kenning for mountain, jar›ar skafl
v80/7 (gen. with hrƒnn)jƒrmuni m. ox-name, ‘mighty one’ v504/7 (cf. Index)jƒrmunﬂrjótr m. mighty opponent, obstinate one (Hrungnir) v69/8(obj. of bag›i vi›)jƒstr m. yeast; in kenning for ale, jastar flœ›r v368/1
jƒtunmó›r m. giant fury 20/28, v181/4
jƒtunn m. giant (cf. Index) 3/6, 4/15, 14/28, 25/1, 25/27 n., v90/8(gen. with bekk-rekka), 40/15, 29, 44/28, 63/13, v300a/3, v332/4,
v380/4, 108/29, v417/1 and t. n., v422/8, v430/2; me› jƒtnum (todwell) among the giants v101/3; as title 2/4, 6/13, 30/20; in kenningfor ﬁórr (i. e. enemy of the river?—see note to verse 56) 17/13,
jƒtna ótti v65/1, jƒtna dólgr v117/2 (gen. with mó›ur)
kaf n. dive, depth v477/3
kafna (a›) wv. become choked, suffocate 3/24
kaldr a. cold v351/1
kálfa f. strip of land; in kenning for arms, hauks k. v186/8 (acc. with á)
kálfi m. calf (of leg) 109/1
kálfr m. calf (animal) 90/13; in kenning for giants, kálfar álfheims
bliku undirfjálfrs, cave-calves v91/4 (gen. with hneitir)kalla (a›) wv. call; with two acc., call s–one (or s-thing) s–thing 5/5,
23, 38, 30/9, 39/18, 67/18–19, v300a/1 and v300b/1 (or kalla mik
they call me, see note), 107/14, 26; vera kalla›r be known as 5/18,
47/24, 48/21, 49/4, 52/14, 101/19, 103/7, 105/20, 106/1, 109/15;
er kƒllu› er who is known as 101/17; often with ellipsis of subj.,
kallat, er ok kallat, kƒllu› er it is (also) called 44/26, 75/15,
v380/3; at kalla›ir by calling them 81/10; er kallat with pl. subj.,
are described as 63/13; n. pp. with m. subst. 52/14 (also with a pl.
subj.), 109/3 (cf. t. n.); k. (they) call it v332/3, 4, v380/4; gumi er
kalla›r there is one called gumi 105/28; kalla›r af called after
105/29, 31; gotnar eru kalla›ir af the term gotnar comes from
105/28; ﬂeir menn eru er svá eru kalla›ir there are men who are
known by the following designations 106/8; mun kalla›r must be
what is called v177/4; er svá kallat there are the following designations
106/16; with acc. and a. declare (s–thing to be s–thing) 4/16,
72/21; with only one acc., speak of, name (use a term), refer to(call s–one?) 5/19, 22, 24, 11/26 (refer to as), 74/24, 75/15 n.,
93/13, 99/29; often with ellipsis of obj., (svá at) kalla by calling(it, him, her, them) 19/35, 30/12, 39/29, 66/15, 74/7, 80/9, 87/8,

Glossary333

90/26, 108/13, 21; k. hann it may be called 109/2, see t. n.; withdat. (instr.) call (s–one or s–thing) by (a name) 40/20, 67/25; k.
me› refer to by 4/6; k. til 40/9, see note; k. á call out to 50/11; md.
for pass. 63/23
kalreip n. a rope fixed to the centre of the yard and held down infront of the sail to control its shape (kalreipi LK 208) v499/7(apparently behind the sail according to Blöndal 1920–24, whostates its purpose is to stop the sail blowing out the wrong way; so
Falk 1912, 66–7); cf. sikulgjƒr›kanna (a›) wv. explore, get to know 45/4
kanpr m. moustache, beard; pl. whiskers 108/19
kapp n. spirit of rivalry, impetuosity 6/7; pl. at kƒppum for heroic
deeds? v173/3 (cf. next)
kappi m. hero 6/4 (in apposition to Volukrontem), 12, v11/5, v173/3(as heroes?), 106/9, v440/7
karfi m. (1) carvel, a kind of ship (between a small rowing boat anda large sailing ship (Falk 1912, 93–5, 98–9); larger than 10 smálestir(i. e. tons; LK 102); cf. Foote and Wilson 1970, 236, 249, 254;
Foote 1984b, 225: probably not for ocean journeys) v492/8
karfi m. (2) carp or redfish v488/5
karl m. (old) man, fellow v46/2 (refers to the giant Hymir, Gylf. ch.
48), v263/3 (vocative; unidentified)karlkendr a. masculine (in gender) 40/13, 90/28
karmr m. frame, container; body (of a chariot), in kenning for ﬁórr,karms t‡r v90/6
kasta (a›) wv. with dat. throw 2/37, 4/13, 21/37, 22/9, 48/27, v191/1;
discard v228/4; dig, throw up, raise (a mound) 60/12 (pass.); k. til
aim at 25/18
kati m. a kind of small boat (English cat; Falk 1912, 88; cf. ketla)v493/8katli see ketill
kaup n. bargain, agreement 4/24; (agreed) payment, reward 4/19
kaupa (keypti) wv. buy 4/12, 52/6, v166/4
kefsir m. slave (male partner of a slave-girl) 106/21, v448/8
keila f. torsk v488/4 (= brosma)
keili n. wedge, mast-wedge (Falk 1912, 57); or a wedge-shaped
piece of wood to strengthen and protect the bottom of the ends ofthe keel (LK 131–2) v499/3
keipr m. rowlock v129/4 (subj. of ríss)keipull m. coracle, kayak (Welsh ceubal, English coble; Falk 1912,86; or diminutive of keipr m. ‘boat’, ÁBM 453) v494/2
keisari m. emperor 78/19, 21 (Róms konung is the complement),
79/16, 99/22; as title 51/34

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kelda f. spring v477/7, v478/3 (v. l. (A and B) Kólga; combinedwith Rán as ‘rankellda’ in R)
kellir m. helmet-name (‘cooler’ or ‘top’?) v473/1
kenpa (= kempa) f. champion 106/9, v440/8
kenna (nd) wv. teach (e–m e–t) 3/18; display (learn NN 1833) v87/4(inf. with nam); attribute 52/1; refer to (svá ‘thus, by this name’)
105/18, 20; recognise, see v155/4 (‘they, i. e. people, could see’),v253/2 (má k. one can see); describe, designate, refer to (using akenning) 11/25, 14/25, 17/28, 18/2, 3, 30/9, 33/21, 40/19, 43/27,
66/15, 74/7, 76/22, 78/23, 79/27, 80/9, 26, 81/10, 90/26, 108/6,
11, 13, 15, 21; má svá kenna at kalla hana may be designated bycalling her 44/9; k. vi› refer to in terms of, by (of both base-words
and determinants, cf. 40/15, 63/16) 30/15, 33/21, 40/5, 15 (kent ervi› reference is made in terms of), 24, 63/16, 67/20, 24, 26, 76/25,
82/1, 87/8 (vi› adv.?—see note), 90/28, 107/24, 108/9, 22 (understandmá or skal), 24, 109/1, 2, 3 (see t. n.), 109/8; = k. til (of both basewords and determinants) 40/6, 40/9 n., 40/14, 16, 22 (cf. 40/21
t. n.), 43/11, 61/13, 63/8, 64/26, 67/17, 22, 27, 95/1 (i. e. to referto ships and gold in terms of them; cf. A: skip e›a gull, see note),
108/22, 29; k. vi› name after 105/29; k. svá vi› use such kennings
with 87/9 (see note); k. til qualify by, make into a kenning byadding 44/25; with gen. feel, perceive v48/4; pp. kent heiti descriptive
term, periphrastic term, one using an attributive, involving a kenning,‘a heiti which designates’ 5/23; kendr at renowned as (or for)v173/4. Cf. ókendr, tvíkendr
kenning f. description, designation 5/18, 29, 6/31, 20/17, 41/9, 12,
44/26, 61/11, 67/28, 29, 78/17, 22, 79/17, 19, 26, 80/10; til kenningar
as, for the purposes of periphrastic description 40/21; er fœrt til
kenningar it is made into a kenning 40/24; haft til kenningar used
as a designation 74/4. In Skáldskaparmál the word is apparently
always used of a periphrasis; cf. von See 1988, 50–52: kenning isa verbal noun, abstract to kenna = kennzeichnen, benennen. Cf.
also kenningarnafn, Grettis saga (ÍF VII 224; = nickname), Elucidarius
1989, 29 (translates agnomina; af atbur› = ab accidenti, cf. Gylf.
22/21–2). Note also TGT 103 (in W): ﬂessi fígúra er optast svá
sett í norrœnum skaldskap, at ﬂeir hlutir er framfœrast eru kendirvi› nokkur tilfelli sín
ker n. vat 3/14, 21, 5/2
kerling (1) f. block of wood in the bottom of a ship in which themast was fixed, mast-step (= kelson; Falk 1912, 56; LK 164) v499/5
kerling (2) f. old woman 107/38, v438/8
kesja f. a broad-bladed spear, halberd v464/6
kesti see kƒstr

Glossary335

ketill (dat. katli) m. pot 3/21, 14/12
ketla f. a kind of small boat (diminutive of kati) v493/7
ki› n. kid, young of a goat v509/4
ki›lingr m. young kid (of a goat) v509/2
kíll m. creek v477/8
kind f. offspring; k. Rƒgnvalds ins gamla = Earl ﬁorfinnr v297/3(dat. of advantage with bitu sver›, for him, on his behalf); kin:Ymsa k. = giants v74/7 (gen. with setrs; or with til if setrs is gen.
of direction)kinn (pl. kinnr) f. cheek 44/27, 108/23
kinngrár a. grey-cheeked (i. e. pale-cheeked or grey-bearded?) v263/4(with karl)kinnungr m. the curved side of a ship towards the prow, bow (Falk1912, 52) v499/2 (cf. hl‡r)kista f. box 24/32
kistuskrú› n. box-ornament 20/3
kjalarhæll m. rear end of keel (cf. hæll (1)) v500/5 (Falk 1912, 34)
kjannr m. jawbone, cheekbone 108/10
kjappi m. goat v508/3
kjaptr see kjƒptr
kjóll m. a kind of large ship (cf. Old English ceol, see Falk 1912,
88–9; Hofmann 1955, 125) v492/7; in kenning for shield, Ullar k.
v143/3 (gen. with fjƒllum)
kjósa (kaus, kuru) sv. choose 2/26 (sér for o–self), 58/29, 37, v303
n.; k. of choose (from) among v7/3; k. at choose by, for, taking
account of 2/26, v166/5 (2nd pers. sg. p. kauss)kjƒlbor› n. the plank next to the keel v499/3 (= kjalbor›, kjals‡gja
LK 155; cf. Falk 1912, 52)kjƒlr m. keel 36/27; hlátrelli›a k. = backbone v86/8 (obj. of braut)kjƒls‡ja (spelled ‘-sygia’ in R) f. the plank next to the keel, garboard(Falk 1912, 52) v499/4 (= kjals‡gja LK 130, 155); cf. kjƒlbor›kjƒptr, kjaptr m. jaw; í Ægis kjƒpta into the jaws of the sea, i. e.
under the waves v126/3, í Ægis kjapta v347/3
klippa (t) wv. clip, cut (off) 41/30
kljúfa (klauf) sv. cleave, split 46/27
kló (pl. klœr) f. claw 2/14; arm or fluke of an anchor (LK 194);
upper corner of a sail (LK 212); an arm (or arm of a bollard)
extending above the side of a ship to tie a mooring-rope to (Falk1912, 24); a loop for attaching a rope to the side of a sail (Falk1912, 69; LK 210); v499/6. Cf. árakló
klofi m. clamp (to fix a tent on board ship?); cloven end to the lower
part of a mast to hinge the upper end on to (LK 197–9); the fixing
for the mast at the level of the transoms (Falk 1912, 57); the area

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around the mast (Falk 1912, 84); pl. klofar a hinged pair of slats
for the end of a tent on board ship (Falk 1912, 11) v499/8
klyf f. pack (for a horse to carry on one side) 47/19
klæ›a (dd) wv. dress 48/4
klæ›i n. pl. clothing 59/10
kná (knátti, knáttu) pret.-pres. vb. with inf., be able to (i. e. be
fortunate enough to be able to) v147/1, v197/3; have to (learn to),be forced to v84/7; know how to, with at and inf. v246/1; asmeaningless aux. does (though sometimes the meaning ‘know
how to’ may be present) v66/1, v78/5, v192/1, v326/3, v335/1,
with at and inf. v154/1 (be forced to?); ér knáttu› you (honorificpl. of the king?—cf. note) were able to, did v379/1
kné n. knee 109/1; pl. lap 2/34; bracket; = knélisti, a triangularbracket or crooked piece of wood fastening the end of a thwart tothe side of the ship (Falk 1912, 47; LK 148–9) v499/1
kneyfir m. one who crushes, crusher; in kenning for ﬁórr, k. nesja
dróttar (or k. Svíﬂjó›ar kólgu dróttar) v84/1 (with me›, becauseof; cf. note)kníar m. pl. men 106/6, v440/7
knífr m. knife 43/6, 7
knúi m. knuckle; name for a ship (‘thruster’?) v494/1
knƒrr m. a large high-sided ocean-going ship usually used for transport
and trade rather than warfare (Falk 1912, 107–10; LK 87) v494/1;
sem knƒrru as well as merchant ships v302/2 (acc. with lét, parallel
to snekkjur)
kólga f. coldness; in kenning for giants, dólgfer› (or drótt) Svíﬂjó›arkólgu (hostile) troop of (from) Scythia v84/2 (see Svíﬂjó› andKólga in Index)
kollr m. crown of the head v58/1 (í on), 108/10
kolmúla f. ‘coal-muzzle’, name for a goat (proper name?—cf. Index;
v. l. -músa) v509/3
koma (kom, kómu, kvámu) sv. come 42/7, v177/5, v318/4; erum
komnar we are come v159/1, v174/1; ﬂa›an kominn descended
from that person (that line) 50/18, 103/8; subjunc. sem vísi komi
(or kœmi, see note and cf. blóta) as for the arrival of a prince
v20/10; with suffixed neg. komat e–m did not come to, did not
befall s–one v90/5, kœmia would not have come v168/1; with a.
as complement v81/4; imp. v215/1; with dat. make come 1/35
(me› bringing), 24/35, take, cause to go v100/5, move 22/8, bringv4/1 (with mér; unless this word goes with hollr, and it is theother who makes poetry?); impers. with dat., was brought v89/2,
honum var svá nær komit it was such a close thing for him, it sonearly happened for him 5/3; sail (with dat. of ships) 59/5, v258/1

Glossary337(2nd pers. sg.); with at (in order to) and inf. 6/26; k. á come about
21/16 (dat. stefnulagi would be expected if komit á meant brought
about, arranged; see stefnulag), touch 46/37; k. á lei› start off, getstarted 49/39; k. á sæ go to sea 41/7; k. af be descended from 40/7;
k. at come up, arrive 42/15, 46/31, with dat. get hold of 4/7; k. frá
be descended from 40/8, 51/30, 103/2; k. í enter 58/7; k. ofan i. e.
shine down v135/3; k. saman coincide, have the same form (butdifferent meaning), become ambiguous 78/17; k. til approach,come up, arrive 22/8, 21, reach v303/1 (subj. is á, see á (2)), kom
til e–s (impers.) s–thing was reached v76/4; k. út get out 21/6; md.
bring o–self, manage to get (somewhere) 24/26, v241/4
kona (gen. pl. kvinna, kvenna) f. wife 3/26, 8/22, 41/4 (subj.),
43/28, 47/30, 95/2, 108/29; woman 40/16, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25,
47/23, 49/20, 63/8, v438/3; female 101/15, 107/29, 108/20, v438
t. n.; kveldrunnin kona trollwife v53/3 (gen. pl. with kunnleggs)
konar m. gen. sg. in phrases nakkvars k. some kind of (i. e. someterm for) 4/2, alls k. all kinds of 63/16
kon(r) m. kinsman, descendant, son v295/3 (Haraldr har›rá›i), v404/2(with siklinga; Haraldr har›rá›i?), 107/18, v447/3; spiritual descendantor relation, successor v296/1 (Rƒgnvaldr Brúsason; see Heiti inIndex and cf. ætt); in pun on name Hákon (Sigur›arson) v36/2;
kon Jar›ar = ﬁórr v87/2 (subj. of nam kenna)
konungdómr m. kingdom, kingship 51/33, 101/12
konungr m. king v7/3 (of: among), v11/4 (Hákon gó›i), v146/4(subj. of eignisk), v159/2 (Fró›i Fri›leifsson), v174/2 (Fró›i
Fri›leifsson), v183/7 (gen. with fé), 58/4, v199/2 (Sigur›r Jórsalafari),
v283/1 (Sigur›r Jórsalafari; vocative), v310/2 (indefinite, fár k. =no king), v336/4 (unidentified), 99/22, v395/2 (King Óláfr ofSweden), v398 n. (indefinite, obj. of vitut = any king), v402/2(Haraldr hárfagri); as title 5/36, 49/20, 58/7, 11, 75/16; k. dags
grundar i. e. God v113/1 (vocative); k. Róms (i. e. Christ) v268/3,
alls k. (i. e. Christ) v276/2; konungs spjalli i. e. earl (Hákon)v118/2; k. Hƒr›a i. e. king of Norway v281/2 (gen. with frama),
v333/4 (Haraldr har›rá›i); outstanding one among, k. jarla v282/2(of Earl ﬁorfinnr; subj. of sótti)korn n. corn 108/23
kornskur›armánu›r m. corn-harvest-month (August–September) 99/20
kosta (a›) wv. with gen. exert (to the utmost) v181/2
kostigr a. having good qualities, splendid v19/1 (with Heimdallr)
kostgripr m. treasure, precious possession 58/28, 36
kostr m. (1) choice; at ƒ›rum kosti otherwise 45/39, 46/14, alternatively,
since that cannot be the case, as a second best 21/11. (2) (good)quality, virtue v1/4 (obj. of segja), v360/1

338

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krabbi m. crab v488/6
kraki m. pole 58/13; as nickname 58/15, 58/24
krákr m. crow 91/3
krapti m. bollard, a post (with two arms?) or hooked extension to a ribon the side of a ship to tie a mooring-rope to (Falk 1912, 24) v499/5
kraptr m. strength v263/3
krefja (kraf›i) wv. demand, claim (e–s e–n s–thing from s–one) 6/27
kring›r a. (pp. of kringja) encircled; gjálfri k. sea-girt, oceanbounded v111/4 (with botni)
kristinn a. Christian 5/30
kroppa (a›) wv. nibble 42/4, 8, 12
kroppr m. body 1/30
krúz m. cross v271/1 (dat. with l‡tr)
kuggr m. cog, a broad-beamed ship with high rounded prow andstern used for trade in the later Middle Ages (Falk 1912, 89) v494/1
kul›i m. cold(ness) v174/6 (subj. of etr parallel with aurr)
kúlnasveinn m. a nickname 77/11, 78/8 (kúla ‘knob, lump, swelling’;
perhaps refers to swellings or growths on the face or body, cf.
Lind 1920–21, col. 225)
kund f. a coat of mail (‘well-known’, ‘familiar’ or ‘inheritance’) v474/1
kundr m. son, descendant, kinsman 107/18, v447/4
kunna (kann, kunni) pret.-pres. vb. know 3/17, 46/37, v381/1; ﬂá
er kunni who knew v100/4 (with mey, i. e. I›unn); with inf. know
(how to), be able (have the knowledge to) 3/25, 5/7, v38/3; feel(about s–thing), respond (in a certain way); k. illa be distressed 3/30
kunnleggr m. family line, kinfolk; k. kveldrunninna kvinna = trolls
v53/4 (gen. with ﬂrøngvir)
kván f. wife 108/2; risa kván = giantess (Gjálp or Greip) v85/8 (gen.
with á hƒtt)kve›a (kva›) sv. say, speak, express (especially in verse) 5/27, 6/38,
v11/2, 44/29, v162/5, v165/1, v182/2; with suffixed pron., ljó›
eitt kve›ak (the time it takes me to) recite one song v165/6; relate(in verse) 19/12, 41/24; recite, sing 52/13, 14; with acc. and inf.,
declare v73/5, v305/3, v306/1, v468/1, v516/11, kve›a they saythat v133/1, kvá›u they said that v249/1, v327/2 (‘he was said tohave’), with suffixed neg. (which belongs with the inf.), kvá›ut
they say that . . . not (. . . is said not to have) v59/4; k. sitja they
say that (he) has his seat, (he) is said to have his seat v268/1;
impers. with acc. and inf. it is said that v54/1; md. with inf. saythat one is doing s–thing 1/23, 45/12; with p. inf. kvezk (kvazk)
mundu says (said) he would 2/10, 4/21; kvá›usk vilja said theywanted to 4/12; k. á decide, determine 45/18; k. eptir compose
poetry based on 17/30, 19/16; k. um refer to, mean 78/18

Glossary339

kve›andi f. recitation 109/5
kve›ja (1) (kvaddi) wv. greet, address v215/2; k. at e–u greet,address with or in s–thing (or ‘summon to (listen to) s–thing’?)v39/4 (inf. with vil ek; obj. is hann), v112/1, v398/1
kve›ja (2) f. greeting; in kenning for battle, fyrir málma kve›ju
before (or instead of, NN 3066) the battle v286/3 (with bæri; orwith var, see note)
kveld n. evening, nightfall 1/5, 48/1, 72/24, 83/16, 99/7
kvenbúna›r m. female adornment or equipment 40/16
kveldrunninn a. evening-travelling, of trollwives (with kvinna) v53/3
kvenkendr a. feminine (in gender) 40/21, 63/16
kvenna see kona
kverkr f. pl. throat 108/23
kvern f. (hand-) mill 38/25, 52/9; pl. (of the two stones) 52/9
kvernarauga n. mill-eye, the hole in a millstone 52/21
kvernbiti m. sword-name (proper name?), ‘millstone-biter’ v456/5(-bítr in A and B; cf. Kvernbítr in Hkr I 146, but -biti in Ágrip;
both forms in Fagrskinna)
kvernsteinn m. millstone 3/34, 52/7
kveykva wv. kindle v370/4 (the clause goes with sá eldr)
kvíga f. heifer 90/13, v506/2
kvígr m. bull-calf, bullock v505/3
kvikva f. the quick (the flesh under the nails of the hand) 108/35
kvikvendi n. living creature 46/16
kvinna see konakvæ›i n. poem 41/13, 52/15, 72/30, 85/13, 108/1
kvƒ› f. obligation, duty, requirement (e–s to provide s–thing) v31/2
kvƒl f. sword-name, ‘torment’ v454/4
kykr a. alive; while (still) alive 48/38
kyn n. family, origin 2/39; category 5/10; kin: l‡›a kyn mankind v30/4,
vi› kyn beima i. e. against men v217/4 (with hvatrá›r). Cf. v6/2 t. n.
kynda (nd) wv. kindle v387/3 (2nd pers. pl. in address to the king);
md. be kindled v377/1
kynfró›r a. amazingly, strangely (very) wise v19/2 (with hrafnfreista›ar)kynkvísl f. (branch of) family line, offshoot 107/19, v447/3
kynna (d) wv. make known, announce v64/7 (obj. unexpressed, ‘it’;
Kock, NN 1890, emends á›r to ó›, ‘poetry’, see ó›r (1), toprovide an object)kynsló› f. family, group of descendants, clan 103/17
kynstafr m. member of a clan, scion 107/18
k‡r f. cow 90/13, v506/1, 4k‡rhvalr m. ‘cow-whale’, a kind of whale v490/1. Cf. nauthvalr, analternative name for búrhvalr m. sperm whale in JG 28; A and B

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actually have búrhvalr here (spelled ‘b‡r-’ in B; R has ‘kvr-’, T
has ‘kur’). For búrhvalr see JG 8, 35 and KSk 15/36 t. n., 162,
where it is said to be the humpback
kyrr (1) m. sword-name, ‘quiet’ v452/5 (or perhaps k‡rr, q. v. in Index)
kyrr (2) a. quiet, submissive v376/4 (predicative with ﬂá); unwavering,held firm v254/6 (with hur›ir)kyrra (r›) wv. pacify, make peaceful, give peace to v362/2 (p. inf.
with hykkat)
kyrrlátr a. quiet, gentle in behaviour 107/32
kyrrseta f. sitting still; vara k. there was no peaceful existence,
there was a violent battle v172/5
kœna f. a boat for a single oarsman (LK 304–6; Falk 1912, 89) v493/7
kƒld f. ‘the cold one’, coat of mail v474/3
kƒstr m. (dat. kesti) pile; funeral pyre v19/1
køptr m. mouth, jaws v340/3 (written keypt). Cf. kjƒptr
lá (1) f. wave at the shore, sea near the shore, offing v362/2 (acc.
with hykkat), 96/5, v478/2; liquid, of the mead of poetry, Ó›inn’s
breast-liquid hildar ge›-Njar›ar l. (or Ó›inn’s ge›fjar›ar l., see t.
n.) v39/4 (obj. of ték); pl. lár v4/4 t. n.?
lá (2) f. poetical word for hair 108/20 (but not recorded in extant
poetry; perhaps metaphorical use of lá (1))
lá› n. land, territory, inherited land v217/2 (i. e. Denmark?—thebattle was on what was at the time regarded as Danish territory,
see note; obj. of heltu), 86/16, v314/2, v353/1 (i. e. Norway); frálá›i Finnum skri›nu i. e. from Finnmƒrk or Lapland v349/1
la›a (a›) wv. invite v345/2 t. n. (or gen. of lƒ›)lag n. thrust 42/22
lág f. log (the word-play depends on the medieval spelling ‘lƒg’ or‘log’ (thus R; spelled with o or a (á) in other manuscripts)) 40/20,
63/17 (cf. lóg); = tree in kenning for woman, l. au›s v202/3 (obj.
of eiga; refers to Helga in fagra)
lagsma›r m. companion, fellow 1/36
lagvápn n. thrusting weapon (e. g. spear) 67/26
lamb n. lamb 90/14
lámr m. fist, paw, large and clumsy hand 108/34
land n. land v43/1 (gen. with umgjƒr›), v48/2 (gen. with endisei›s),
33/25, 36/26, v124/2 (obj. of vætti), v129/2 (dat. of respect, lƒndum),
v132/1, v252/2 (gen. with vanr), 75/3, 86/11, v348/3 (gen. pl.
with umband), v410/2, v501/7; country 78/24, 80/1, v313/3 (i. e.
Norway; subject of lag›isk), v393/2 (i. e. Norway), 106/3, 107/36;
í landi in this country v209/3 (Kock, NN 1836, takes this phrase
to mean ‘back home’ with bau› lind); lƒnd setbergs banda, giants’Glossary341

lands, i. e. heathen lands v268/4 (dat. with rem›an sik, with orover heathen lands); territory 48/31, 51/31, 79/31, v304/1, 101/8,
9; mér til landa to win myself lands v255/4; shore, bank (of ariver) 25/19, 48/11; fyrir l. fram along the coast 3/28; me› landi
along the coast 72/7; in kennings, i. e. resting place, dwellingplace 74/5–6, 108/7, 13, 15, 27; in kenning for sea, Leifa lƒndv155/7 (gen. with laufi)
landamæri n. frontier, borderland 21/8
landfólk n. people of the country 5/35 (Sweden, cf. Gylf. Prologue), 78/25,
106/21 (subj.); people of earth, mankind, gen. obj. of gætir v277/1
landfrækn m. land-bold; Lundar l. jƒfurr i. e. Lundar frœkn landjƒfurr,
the valiant prince of Lund’s land; or the land-bold, i. e. valiant in
defending his land, prince of Lund; emended to Lundar landsfrœkn jƒfurr in Skj B I 116 (Konrá› Gíslason 1892, 100); the kingof Denmark (Haraldr blátƒnn?) v192/2
landrá›andi m. (pres. p.) ruler of a country 78/24
landreki m. land-director, -ruler v107/4 (subj. of ver›r), v186/5 andv389/1 (i. e. Haraldr har›rá›i), 101/5 (not related to reka sv., seenote to verse 389),
landstjórn f. governance of the land (til for) 79/30
landvarnarma›r m. defender of the land 80/5, 105/25 (subj.)
landvƒr›r m. defender of the land, in kenning for ruler of Norway(Haraldr gráfeldr), l. Hƒr›a v249/2 (vocative)
langa f. ling (fish) v485/1
langbar›r m. sword-name, ‘long-beard’ v452/3 (perhaps means a
Lombardic sword, see Hkr I 194, Fagrskinna 89; cf. Gu›rúnarkvi›a
II 19, Vƒlsunga saga, Skj I A 370, v. 5; name of Ó›inn and of aserpent in SnE 1848–87, II 473, 487)
langfe›gar m. pl. ancestors 59/2
langhvass m. sword-name, ‘long-keen’ v458/2
langnefja f. thole pin (Falk 1912, 71; presumably the longer if there
were two, and then the front one; cf. LK 169) v498/4
langr a. long 19/34, v99/2; long-lasting v409/3 (with or›stír); fyrirlƒngu long ago v97/2, v133/4 (with mólu), 99/5; n. as adv. of time
langt til at long until, before 22/29; as adv. of place, far 42/33;
comp. longer (of time) 52/13; comp. n. as adv. lengra further; e›alengra or further (i. e. than from Veiga to Ag›ir) v313/3; further(in meaning) 41/16
langskip n. longship, a Viking warship (Falk 1912, 97–102) v492/7(probably not a distinctive type, but a general term)langsæi f. far-sightedness 109/10
langvinr m. friend for a long time, old friend, in kenning for ﬁórr,l. ﬁrƒngvar v88/4 (in apposition to hra›skyndir handa, subj. of svalg)

342

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lastmæli n. criticism, pejorative or disparaging comment 40/15; tillastmælis for criticism or disparagement, in dispraise 108/1
lastvarr a. fault-wary, fault-shunning, fault-avoiding, sin-free v186/6(with landreki)láta (lét) sv. (1) leave, with acc. and a. (l. eina: leave alone or desert,as Ó›inn did?—see Fritzner 1886–96, I 308b), inf. after trau›anv121/3; with inf. let 6/30 (pp.), cause (e–m in, from s–one; dat. ofrespect) v58/4; let itself, behave, make its way doing s–thingv259/1; with acc. and inf. cause, let, make s–one or s–thing (to)do s–thing 3/15 (allow), v55/1, v69/1, v74/1, v128/3, v183/3,
v197/1, v222/1, v242/1, v243/1, v249/1 (inf. with kvá›u), v288/1,
v289/1, v302/1, v309/1, v333/1, 5, v391/1, allow s–one to dos–thing v386/1 (imp.); cf. 49/31 n.; with inf., often in pass. sense,
cause s–thing to be done, have s–thing done 6/30 (inf.), 40/38,
48/37, 38, v157/1, 52/11, v277/1, v385/2, l. kalla have (s–one)
called, summon 25/28; with pp. of impers. vb. v256/1, v296/3,
v348/1 (léztu you caused to be); with acc. and pp. l. e–n of sóttan
cause a place to be visited, pay a call on a place v65/2; with md.
inf. láta sígask, fallask let o–self drop 1/27, 2/34, v95/5, lét sígask
(= lét sik síga) made himself sink, pressed himself downwards
25/24; l. eptir leave behind 21/9, give way, draw back 2/33; l.
fram hand over 45/26; svá l. sem behave as though, pretend thatv251/5; l. uppi let be heard, recite v292/3 (with suffixed pron -k).
(2) with acc. and inf. give as one’s opinion, say 4/27, declare,
threaten v79/5. Md. (1) with inf. say that one 4/20 t. n., 20/24, 33,
35, 45/27. (2) die 6/15, 21/18
látr n. lair, where s–thing lies; in kenning for gold (on which snakeslie), dalrey›ar l. (gen. pl. with ﬂrútinn) v145/4; for shield, sig›isl. v195/2 (gen. with Hermó›r)
látrval-Rygjar m. pl. in kenning for giants, Lista látrval-Rygjar =val-látr-Lista Rygjar (cf. Introduction p. liii), Rogalanders of
falcon-lair-Lister, i. e. of the mountains (val-látr = falcon-lair)v91/6 (subj. of ne máttu of bella)lau› f. melting pot or wire-drawing plate (a plate with holes fordrawing metal into wires) 61/14
lau›r n. froth v358/1, v361/2
lauf n. leaf (usually collective), foliage 41/22, 23, v142/2, 67/21; inkenning for shield (the shield on which the scene was depicted),
Leifa landa l. v155/8 (dat. after á; the shield perceived as if a leaf
on a tree when fixed to the side of a ship)
lauk see lúka
laukr m. leek; mast of a ship 75/4, v496/5 (Falk 1912, 56); in
kenning for ship, hestr lauks v259/7

Glossary

343

launa (a›) wv. reward, pay back (e–m e–t s–one for s–thing) 20/26,
22/23, v157/8 (inf. with gátu), requite v275/4 (with suffixed pron.)lauss a. free 1/34, 52/3; l. frá quit of 46/2; comp. looser 22/30
lausung f. untrustworthiness, unreliability, falsehood 108/33
laut f. depression, hollow v502/8; = land, that over which s–thing
travels (see under land), in kenning for sword, heina l. v279/2(obj. of rau›)lax m. salmon 45/6, 8, v485/1
lé›i see ljá
le›ja f. variant of Elli›i, see Index (from Old Slavonic word for abarge, lighter, wherry; Falk 1912, 88) v493/5
leg n. lair; fjar›eplis Mœrar l., mountain-lair, i. e. cave, in kenningfor giants v87/3 (gen. with menn; cf. note)leggja (lag›i) wv. lay, place 42/1, 3, 6, 48/3; provide? establish?
v92/2 (inf. with hvé skal ek; obj. perhaps gott or brú, but maybe
in the illegible line, see note); pile v358/1; with dat. thrust 46/30;
stab (e–n e–u) 48/26, 29; l. fjƒrlausn impose as a ransom 45/23;
appoint 3/13; establish 51/34; set up (or lay down?) v161/3 (1stpers. pl., let us); l. at direct against, or make after, make forv103/5; l. fyrir skut put astern, i. e. sail past v259/8; l. saman
bring into collision together v213/2 (inf. with ba›); l. upp put
away, swallow 1/28, v96/6; l. e–t e–m vi› place s–thing upons–one, declare s–one subject to (guilty of), declare that s–one
shall incur s–thing 21/11; impers. lag›i nær at it had come closeto (s–thing happening) 42/15; md. lie down 46/19; come to an end
52/17; be subjected v313/4; leggjask ni›r lie down 46/33, begoing down 42/14; pp. lagit placed, fixed (á in, sc. the poem) v207/4
leggr m. leg, arm, limb 61/11; lower leg, shank 109/2; bone v57/1(obj. of brauzt), 109/16; in kennings for rock (cf. Gylf. ch. 8),
reyrar l. v55/4 (gen. with reyni), fróns l. v210/2 (gen. with fólka).
See also v87/1–4 n.
lei› f. way, path 47/20; fara braut l. sína go on one’s way 21/15; um
langa lei› over a long distance 21/38; referring to the sea 36/28,
92/25, 93/23, á l. on the route, away v349/1; in kenning for gold,
hólmfjƒturs l. (serpents lie on gold), part of kenning for man, bƒrrhólmfjƒturs lei›ar v311/2
lei›a (dd) wv. lead 100/13; take, bring v149/5, 49/27, 52/11, v160/2;
l. aptr bring back v102/6 (after nema); l. út send on one’s way 50/4
lei›angr (rs) m. naval force, fleet, expedition v353/1
lei›ask (dd) wv. md. impers. e–m lei›isk e–t s–one gets sick ofs–thing, gets to hate s–thing 3/34, one gets tired of s–thing 20/36,
52/19
lei›iﬂírr m. ‘leading-slave’, thief, kidnapper, in kenning for Loki, l.

344

Skáldskaparmálƒl-Gefnar, thief of I›unn v102/3 (obj. of bundu or of fundu,
parallel with hund or lund?)leifa (›) wv. leave (e–m to s–one, i. e. after one’s death), bequeath
v280/2leiga f. hire, wages 4/23
leika (1) n. and f. toy (or playmate?) 85/20, v517/3, 8; playfellow
v169/2 (NB vér is pl., not dual); in kenning for I›unn, playmate,
girl-friend of the gods, Ása l. v103/2 (obj. of sveik apt)leika (2) (lék) sv. play (i. e. fight; á aldar lófum i. e. be tossed fromhand to hand, used by both hands?) v246/4 (inf. with kná), i. e. be
current v255/2; move up and down, i. e. flap v359/3 (vi› against);
l. e–u toss s–thing from side to side v358/2; l. vi› e–n be merrywith s–one v393/1
leikbla› n. ‘play-blade’, in kenning for ﬁjazi, leikbla›s fja›rar
reginn = fja›rar bla›s leikreginn, god (or dwarf), i. e. causer, ofthe play (motion) of feather-blade, of the beating of wings (or godof the feather’s playing (flapping) blade, NN 138) v103/6
leikr m. game, competition 25/28; pleasure, happiness: stendr fyrirórum leiki stands in the way of my happiness (presumably she
will not grant him her love) v208/2
leiptr (1) n. flash, lightning; brightness, a word for the sky 85/18;
name for the sun (‘flasher’?) v517/3 (perhaps leiptrhrjó›r m.
‘lightning-sender’), 5; in kenning for gold, part of kenning forman, l. jar›ar stafna (flash of land of stems) v4/1 (gen. with
Baldr). Cf. Index
leiptr (2) m. pilot whale or white-sided dolphin v490/2 (KSk 15; notin JG; caaing whale LML 119)leir n. clay 21/19
leirjƒtunn m. clay giant 21/28
leistr m. foot of stocking 108/38
leita (a›) wv. with gen. look for, (try to) find 72/6
leiti n. rise in the ground (forming part of horizon) v502/2; á ƒ›ru
l. fyrir ahead on the next rise in the ground 20/27
lekstopar m. pl. ‘leak-steps’, something to stop leaks? bilge-boards?—
perhaps for lokstólpar (so A (‘løk-’) and B), supports for theraised deck at the prow, forecastle-supports v496/4
lemja (lam›i) wv. hit, batter 22/3; beat up v57/2; break 41/31
lén n. scythe-blade v464/2 t. n.
lendr a. ‘landed’; lendir menn, like Scottish and Anglo-Saxon thanes,
were those who held land in fief from the king (next in rank tojarlar in Norway) 80/3, 12
lengi adv. for a long time v201/4, long v68/6 (with bí›a); ﬂeygi l.
nevertheless . . . not very long v262/2

Glossary345

lengr adv. longer, for a longer time 52/19; l. en svá longer than sothat, longer than the time that (it takes me to) v165/5
lengra adv., lengri a. comp. see langr
lenz f. lance v464/2
lesti, á adv. phrase, last, in the rear v484/8
letja (latti) wv. be against, hold back from, resist; with suffixedneg., letrat v252/1 (with inf.; Kock, NN 156, reads lætrat, does
not cause, see munr); l. e–t dissuade from s–thing, be againsts–thing v251/6; md. (reflexive) with at and inf. hold back fromdoing s–thing v3/1
létta (tt) wv. stop, leave off 42/2; of létti has finished or let it finish
v175/4 (mitt my turn, spell; T ‘leiti’ = hleyti has been taken tomean ‘share, spell’, obj. of malit hefi ek); lift up (with dat.) v161/4(1st pl., let us); impers. with dat. come to an end, be finished52/14; impers. with dat. of person and gen. of thing v1/2 (mér forme; ‘it is relieved, there is relief from it’)ley›ra (a›) wv. wash, clean v20/8
leyfa (›) wv. praise v111/3, v237/4 (inf. with skal); pp. inn leyf›i thelauded, celebrated v405/3 (with lof›ungr)leyf› f. praise, poem of praise v303 n. (obj. of tel), v385/3
leygr m. brightness, flame, fire 98/28; in kennings for sword, flameof battle, gunnvita gƒtu gráps l. v200/2 (gen. with bƒr), flame ofshield, l. skipa sólar v233/1 (obj. of r‡›r), skjaldar l. v379/3(collective)
leyniliga adv. secretly 48/39
leyra or løra f. or løri m. degenerate person 106/12 (possibly acc.; -leriin compounds, see ÁBM)leysa (t) wv. redeem 42/38; discharge, fulfil (?) 42/18
li› n. (1) vessel, ship 14/19 (complement), 109/16, v494/8; in kenningfor poetry, l. dverganna 14/18 (cf. lí›a; Old English lid ‘ship’;
Falk 1912, 86)li› n. (2) troop, force of men 48/36, v171/8, 58/33, 59/21, 72/6, 10,15, v266/2 (subj. of ók), v396/2 (obj. of hjó), 103/7, 104/20,
v410/4 (obj. of helztu), 109/17; army 79/29; l. beima = mankind
v271/2 (subj. of l‡tr parallel with fer›); minna húskarla l. v284/4(subj. of drífr)
li› n. (3) help v172/4 (obj. of veittum), 109/17 and t. n.
lí› n. strong drink 14/18 (complement), 109/18 (complement); Hársl. = (the mead of) poetry, a poem v33/2
lí›a (lei›, li›inn) sv. pass, flow v8/2; (of time) 1/21; of ships, pass,float, i. e. sail v258/2; travel, sail: erum li›nir we have passed,
sailed v349/2; with acc., pass over or through v77/5 (l. mjƒk órsta› traverse so as to disturb, travel with violent movement through)346

Skáldskaparmálli›brandar m. pl. joint-brands, limb-brands, i. e. gold ornaments (forthe arms) v192/1 (obj. of granda)li›fastr a. firm in support, reliable (of ﬁórr; reliable to his followers?)
v91/5 (with aldrminkanda)li›hati m. ‘help-hater’, in description of ﬁórr and ﬁjálfi, sver›sli›hatar (spelled ‘-hattar’ in RTW, see note), those who despise
the help of swords, those who (were) fight(ing) without weapons
v83/2 (subj. of ger›u)li›i m. follower, member of a troop (li› (2)) v22/4, 106/6, v441/3
li›meldr m. ‘ship-meal’ (or, if it is read lí›meldr as the rhyme
would suggest (see Háttatal p. 54), ‘drink-meal’); perhaps for
meldrli›, i. e. meal-ship = mill (cf. LP: lí›meldr); Amló›a l. = thesea v133/6 (obj. of mólu). If Amló›a lí› is the sea, his lí›meldr
might be the sand. Kock, NN 573, reads skipa hlí›ar lyngs (lyngn. ‘heather’) lí›meldr which he takes to mean the foaming sea.
Snorri, however, states that Amló›a kvern is the sea. See note andcf. Tolley 1995, 69–71
li›nir m. sword-name, ‘limbed’, i. e. angled, of the hilt v456/5
li›r m. limb 61/11; joint 108/35, 109/16
li›sem› f. help, support 50/1 (at e–m from s–one)li›sinni n. help, support, assistance 109/17
li›veizla f. assistance, support (vi› e–n of or for s–one) 58/27
líf n. life 6/2, v58/8 (dat. with numin), v405/4 (gen. with grand);gott víg-Freys l. a good warrior life v383/4 (obj. of hefir)
lifa (›) wv. live 50/8, 12, 101/12; l. eptir survive 50/17
lifr f. liver 49/3, 108/26
lifra f. poetical word for sister (cf. lifri and lifr); algífris úlfs l. =Hel (see ch. 16 and Gylf. ch. 34) v251/8 (with at sinna me›: tojoin Hel’s company is to die)lifri m. poetical word for brother (cf. lifr and lifra) 107/17, v446/4
lífsgri› n. pl. quarter, sparing of one’s life 3/37
lífshjálp f. deliverance, hope of rescue, a way to save one’s life 6/7
liggja (lá, lágu) sv. lie (hjá e–m with s–one) 4/35, v9/1, v42/1, 22/4,
46/23, v152/1, 52/4, 72/28; lead (til to a place) v73/8 (acc. withkva›); be situated 79/32; i. e. be inlaid v145/2 (subj. is grátr, i. e.
gold), v193/1; be placed: l. skorinn be engraved v245/4 (afterhvé); l. und i. e. be subject to v311/1
lík n. (1) leech, a hem, border or band along the edge (side) of a sailv497/8 (Falk 1912, 64: sometimes a rope would be stitched alongit; LK 211, 213)
lík n. (2) body; (dead) body, corpse v29/2; earth’s (Jƒr›’s) lík is theground (cf. Gylf. Prologue ch. 1) v117/4
líka (a›) wv. with dat. please 49/25; hafa sér líka látit have beenGlossary

347

pleased to use 5/30; hinn er hvƒt líkar whom boldness pleases,
who is pleased by boldness v288/2
líkbjartr a. bright in body v277/2 (with umgeypnandi)líki n. shape, appearance, form 2/14, 4/33, 19/17, 46/19
líkindi n. pl. likeness, (genuine) similarity, verisimilitude 41/17
líkn f. relief, comfort, solace 39/29; mercy, grace v298/3 (gen. pl.
with bi›)líknskin n. ‘grace-shine’, name for the sun 85/19, v517/4
líkr a. like, similar (vi› to; but with dat. in the subsequent phrases,
where líkt, lík, líkr are to be understood) 41/14 (with hálfur); n.
suchlike 108/24
lín n. linen; in kenning for woman, lind líns v209/4
lína f. anchor cable (Falk 1912, 80; LK 193) v496/6
lind f. linden, lime (tree) 64/21; shield (of lime-wood) v399/3 (collective), v469/8; in kenning for woman, l. líns v209/3 (subj. of
bau›)
línfé n. morning gift (after the wedding night, = morgingjƒf; elsewhere
the word seems to be used of a gift on the day of the wedding (=bekkjargjƒf ), see Fritzner 1886–96, II 532; at as) 48/4, 48/21
linnr m. snake 90/11
lit n. look 108/10
lita (a›) wv. colour, stain, cause to be stained v404/3
líta (leit) sv. look (á at, upon) v45/1 (subj. is fa›ir); with acc. see
v71/5, 49/31 n.; l. í móti e–m look in s–one’s direction, catch sightof s–one 24/24; l. til (e–s) look at, towards s–thing (i. e. the voice)
1/23, at s–thing 45/38; with acc. and adv. see s–one (to be) s–thing,regard s–one as s–thing (?) v338/4; md. impers. lízk vel e–mthings look good to s–one, one thinks the prospect good v343/1
lítill a. small 42/35, 45/26; litotes, no 21/6, 22/5, 46/12; ok ﬂó lítinn
though it be meagre (i. e. fors, his poetry, or his poetical talent)
v13/4; dat. sg. n. as adv. a little 49/5; as subst. (with) a small thing
58/21
lítillæti n. humility 58/5, 6
litr m. colour, appearance, form 47/36, 48/7 (cf. 5/6 t. n.); ox-name(‘coloured’?) v504/5. Cf. Index
lítt adv. little, i. e. not at all v249/1 (with fálma)ljá (lé›i) wv. lend (e–m e–s) 2/11, 25/2 (acc. used for second andthird objects, see note and cf. afla)
ljár m. scythe 4/9 (probably pl.), 4/11
ljó› n. song (or perhaps ‘stanza’ here) v165/6 (obj. of kve›ak);
poem 52/14 (pl.; = kvæ›i 52/15). Cf. hljó›
ljó›megir m. pl. sons of the people, men, subjects v393/1
ljó›r m. people 106/21 (parallel to l‡›r), v441/5

348

Skáldskaparmálljó›æska f. accent, dialectal speech, idiom, or childishness 109/6;
see noteljómi m. brightness v387/4 (obj. of kyndu›); sword-name, ‘brightness’v456/6ljónar m. pl. people 106/7 (perhaps = *ljó›nar, members of aljó›r?), v441/6
ljós n. light, lamp 1/7, v135/3, 41/1 (pl.), 41/8
ljósfari m. ‘light-traveller’, ‘light-bringer’, a name for the sky 85/17;
for the sun v517/6
ljóss a. light, bright 42/30, v186/5 (with barri); (metaphorically)shining v303 n. (with leyf› or with or›gnótt)
ljósta (laust, lostinn) sv. strike (with dat. of instrument) 25/32(probably impers.), 42/31; l. e–u í e–t e–m strike (with) s–thing ats–one’s s–thing v87/5, v89/5; l. af strike off v56/1; l. í hit 45/7
(perhaps impers.); l. í Hel i. e. kill 22/12; pp. (with dat. of instrument)
19/11; impers. laust eldinum í e–t s–thing caught fire 2/21
ljótr a. ugly 2/29, v51/2 (with hringr, i. e. the serpent); terrible,
horrible 22/11, v137/2
ljúga (laug, loginn) sv. lie v73/3 (inf. with drjúgr); l. at e–m tell lies
to s–one, deceive s–one v206/2 (pp. after hafa)
ljúgfengr m. ‘lying striker’, unreliable striker, sword-name v460/5
lo›a (dd) wv. stick, adhere, cling, hang on (vi› to) v98/5 (loddu tobe supplied in line 8)lo›brók f. ‘shaggy-breeches’, nickname of the Viking Ragnarr 50/29,
72/32
lof n. praise, eulogy v283/2, 83/15, v303/4 (obj. of ofra), 84/18(complement), v307/3 (apposition to sumbl, i. e. consisting of),v395/2 (subj. of ofrask), v409/1 (obj. of heyra)
lofa (a›) wv. (1) permit (e–m at gera e–t s–one to do s–thing) 4/36
lofa (a›) wv. (2) praise v276/1
lof›ar m. pl. (poetical word for) men, warriors, chieftains v303 n.,
104/20, 105/21, v441/3 (related to lofa ‘praise’). Lof›i (see Index)
is probably an invented singular name derived from the plural (cf.
LP: sg. otherwise only found in Ynglingatal (Hkr I 74), thougheven there it may be pl.). Cf. Lof›ar in Index
lof›ungr m. ruler, king (lit. leader of lof›ar; cf. Lof›ungar in Index)
v405/3 (Haraldr har›rá›i)lófi m. palm (of hand) v246/3, 108/36
lofkvæ›i n. praise-poem, encomium 67/29
lóg n. dispenser, consumer (usually abstract, ‘consumption’) 40/19(spelled ‘log’ in R, with π in W, o or á in other manuscripts),
63/16 (spelled ‘l»g’ in R, with o or a (or á) in other manuscripts).
The word at 40/19 could be acc. of lógr m. ‘user, dispenser’ toGlossary349

lóga, cf. brjótr to brjóta, though at 63/16 it is nom.; cf. lág, which
may originally have been spelled ‘lƒg’; ƒ and o can represent bothá and ó in thirteenth-century manuscripts, cf. Hreinn Benediktsson
1965, 61–2; SnE 1848–87, III xvi–xvii; Noreen 1923, § 107
loga (a›) wv. flame v374/2
logi m. flame 97/20, v371/4 (subj. of skaut); sword-name v458/1; inkenning for gold, part of kenning for woman, drafnar l. v360/3 (gen.
with Lofn); in kenning for head, himinn brá tungls loga, sky of theeyelashes’ moon’s flame, of the light of the eye v86/1. See Index
lokarspánn m. wood-shaving (from a plane) 2/18
lokarr m. plane (tool); metaphorically, of refining verse as with aplane, ó›ar l. v203/1 (instr. with skafna) (perhaps a kenning for
tongue? in which case skafna would mean ‘fashioned’)lómhuga›r a. (pp.) deceitfully-minded, with treacherous intention
v103/5 (with reginn)
lopt n. sky, the air 33/26, 39/2, 90/16 (see note); l. ok lƒg across sky
and sea 20/21, 42/28, 43/3; á lopt aloft 25/31, koma á lopt behoisted 42/24; á lopti raised, in the air 20/37, in the air, as it flew,
in flight v88/3; í lopt upp up into the air 4/13; ór lopti from thesky, from heaven v274/4
losna (a›) wv. loosen, become loose 22/22
lotti m. sword-name v453/1
lú›r (rs) m. box; hrosta l. is perhaps a kenning for drinking horn or
ale-vessel v360/2 (gen. with gæi-ﬁrú›r); mill-box (the box containing
the mill-stones) v160/1, v179/6, v181/6; pl. v161/3. Cf. eylú›r
and Tolley 1995, 70
lúka (lauk, lokinn) sv. with dat. finish; impers. e–u l‡kr s–thingcomes to an end v405/1; impers. pass. væri lokit e–u s–thing
would be finished, it would be the end of s–thing 46/1; md. of amarriage, be closed, consummated (or arranged, concluded?) v118/1
lund f. manner 3/14; (á) marga l. in many ways 44/25, 67/28;
hversu á marga l. in how many ways 5/9; disposition 108/31
lundr m. grove; tree 40/13, 41/23, 65/10; in kenning for Loki, læval. (in apposition to lei›iﬂír ƒl-Gefnar, obj. of bundu) v102/4
lung n. longship (Old Irish long, Latin navis longa; Falk 1912, 89)v133/5 (gen. with bar›i, cf. note), v492/7
lúta (laut, lutu) sv. bow down, stoop 59/30; sink down, i. e. fall inbattle v84/8 (inf. with knáttu; fyrir before them, because of them),
v336/2; collapse v402/3; l. e–u (e–m) bow down to, before s–thing(s–one) v271/1, v272/1
l‡›r m. people 106/21 (complement), v441/4; l‡›a kyn men, mankind(acc. with bi›) v30/4; l‡›a stillir ruler of men, king v252/1 (subj.
of letrat)350

Skáldskaparmál

lyptisylgr m. raised drink (of the piece of molten metal) v88/3 (obj.
of svalg; síu of (consisting of) molten metal)l‡r m. pollack v487/4l‡sa (1) (t) wv. make light, light up 40/39; impers. l‡sti it shone,light was emitted 1/7, 42/30
l‡sa (2) f. whiting v485/2
l‡sigull n. glowing gold, gold that shines in the dark 40/39
l‡ti n. flaw, defect 42/35 (á in it)læ n. injury, deceit; in kenning for Loki, læva lundr v102/3
lækning f. healing, treatment 22/24
lær n. thigh, ham 1/28, 109/1læsa (t) wv. lock (up) 24/32
læti n. (1) noise 109/11 (second time complement). (2) behaviour
109/12 (complement)lævísi f. mischievousness, destructiveness; til l. for love of mischief 41/30
lœgir m. sea (‘that which lies (quiet)’, a euphemism) v364/3 (gen.
with lƒ›), v475/3lœkr m. stream 41/15, v477/6
lƒ› f. hospitality v31/1, v364/3 (obj. of ﬂá). Cf. la›alƒg n. pl. law(s) v386/4 (obj. of njóta); lands lƒg the laws of the land 79/31
lƒg›ir m. sword-name, ‘thruster, stabber’ v453/2 (cf. Saxo Grammaticus
1979–81, II 124)lƒgr m. (1) sea (cf. lopt) 20/21, v124/4, 42/28, 43/3, v256/4, 92/26,
93/8, v346/1, v353/2, v379/3 t. n., v475/3, 4; lagar tennr = stones,
gen. with rœsina›r, i. e. it is steindr, painted; or with vébraut,
making a kenning for the sea v345/2 (see note). (2) liquid 14/11;
in kennings for poetry, l. Ó›reris, Bo›nar, Sónar, Hnitbjarga 4/2,
5, 11/28–29; l. dverganna 14/10
lƒgseimr m. ‘sea-thread’, the Midgard serpent; his father is Lokiv73/4 (subj. of ré›)lƒstr m. vice v360/4 (obj. of rækir)ma›r (pl. menn or me›r) m. person (as opposed to animal) 24/31,
v138/1 (dat. with ræ›, for), 49/26, v166/3 (gen. pl. with málvinr),
106/23 (complement), 109/16; man 2/27, 40/5, 74/3, v272/4 (i. e.
human), 99/21, 105/18, v439/2 and t. n., male 101/15; husband
2/26, 48/14, 107/30; pl. man(kind) 41/28; humans 39/30, v332/1,
380/1; manna sjƒt i. e. earth v110/3; manna dólgr (i. e. Hrungnir)
v67/4; as indefinite subj. a man, one v79/3 (subj. of gatat), 109/13, 17;
pl. people v273/1, v283/3, v365/3, i. e. one, equivalent to passive
107/12, 109/15, 16, 18; hverr m. everyone v111/3; engi m. no one
v409/2; in kenning for giants, menn legs fjar›eplis Mœrar men of
the mountain lair, of the cave v87/4 (subj. of ne m‡g›u)Glossary351

magna (a›) wv. strengthen, increase, imbue with power v306/2 (inf.
with kve›); to increase battle is to be a good war-leader v28/2;
pres. p. in kenning for war-leader, dólgskára magnandi feeder ofravens v335/2 (subj. of kná st‡ra)mágr m. kinsman by marriage 72/16 (father-in-law), 103/10 (sonin-law), 107/20, v447/6; stepson 58/26 (or brother-in-law: Yrsa
was Hrólfr’s mother and sister); in kenning for ﬁórr, Ulls (Ullar)m. (stepfather) v47/4 (gen. with hnefar), v66/2 (see 19/31 andGylf. ch. 31); sef-Grímnis mágar = giants v76/8 (gen. with brú›i)
mál n. (1) speech 1/22, 3/7, 108/19, 109/3; word (i. e. promises)
v386/3; words: fara máli of e–n treat of s–one in words v368/4; inkenning for gold, speech of giants (cf. p. 3): ár ste›ja Eldis m.
v317/2 (gen. pl. with hreggi); language 5/13, 26; affair, business,case 105/25
mál n. (2) time (with inf., to do s–thing) v439/1
mála f. female friend, confidante, one with whom one talks 108/5
mala (mól) sv. grind 52/10, 19, v161/6, v175/3 (malit hefi ek fyrir
mik I have ground my share), v179/1, v181/1, v182/3; mƒlum let
us grind v179/8, v180/1; subjunc. mœli would have been grindingv168/5; grind out (e–t e–m s–thing for s–one) v133/8 (subj. is ﬂær
er, i. e. the waves, depicted as grinding the sea (or the sand) likea mill), 52/12, 15 (at against), 52/18, v163/1, 2 (1st pers. pl. let us
grind), v183/2; m. lengr go on grinding 52/19; ﬂá er vel malit thenthe grinding will have been well done v163/8; md. for pass. beground out 52/9
málhvettr a. ‘speech-urged’, rushing forward with chatter, noisy (ofthe river) v78/2 (with byr)máli m. (1) confidant, friend (one with whom one converses) 19/34,
81/11, 107/21, v445/3; bu›lunga m. see bu›lungr v289/2 (subj.
of lætr)máli m. (2) (a soldier’s) pay 58/27, 35, 59/3, 81/5 (subj.?)máll a. talkative, garrulous, who talks too much v369/3 (with sverri)málmr m. metal 47/21; sword-name v453/5; pl. = weapons, inkennings for battle, dynskúr málma v209/2, málma mót v251/3,
málma kve›ja v286/3
málsgrein f. category of language, class of expression 5/18
málspakr a. wise, sober of speech, sagacious, eloquent; as nickname
103/13
máltak n. choice of language 5/14
málunautr m. speech-companion, friend v447/5; in kenning for
giant (ﬁjazi), m. Mi›jungs v99/7 (acc. with bi›ja)málvinr m. ‘speech-friend’; m. manna one who speaks in a friendly
way to people v166/3 (in apposition to Fró›i)

352

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málvitnir m. sword-name, ‘decoration-wolf’ (wolf = destroyer),‘decorated destroyer’? (mál- perhaps refers to the pattern-weldingin the blade of some swords) v456/2
man (1) see munuman (2) n. slave-girl, maid, girl v438/7; collective v166/4 (obj. of
keyptir); at mani as slave(s), in slavery v159/8, v174/4; i. e. household(of servants) v162/3
mána›r, mánu›r m. month 24/33, 40/35, 99/6
máni m. moon v135/4 (gen. with ljós), 85/21, v356/4 (obj. of skaut);mána vegr = sky v65/8, v108/4; in kenning for shield, Ræs rei›armáni (the shield on the side of a ship looks like a moon) v158/3
and v253/3 (obj. of gáfumk). Cf. Index
mannbaldr m. prince of men, great prince (or if an a. (cf. ballr),
very bold) 106/15, v441/8
mannfólk n. mankind 5/32 (-it); people 109/17
mannsaldr m. human life(-span) 101/13
mannskœ›r a. harmful to men, dangerous v345/2 (with mœtir; ofthe king, Haraldr hárfagri)
mannsverk n. the labour performed by a single man 4/22
mannvit n. intelligence 3/24; mannvits fró›r full of wisdom v116/2
mansvarkr m. arrogant maid v438/7 t. n.
mantælir m. ‘girl-entrapper, -destroyer’, in kenning for ﬁórr, destroyerof giantesses, gallópnis halla Endils mantælir entrapper of themaids of the Endil of the eagle’s halls v75/6 (subj. of spendi;
Kock, NN 1080, reads gallópnis halla manntælir, destroyer of theman of the mountains, and takes Endils with mó; see mór and cf. note)mánu›r see mána›r
már m. (sea-)gull, in kenning for sea, máva Mœrr v366/3, for eagle(ﬁjazi), blood-gull, valkastar báru m. v94/6 (subj. of of nam
mæla; cf. p. 1)
marfjƒll n. pl. ‘sea-mountains’, i. e. waves (á onto, over) v391/2
margr a. many v110/3 (with manna, gen. with sjƒt, i. e. of mankind),v302/1; in sg., many a v129/1 (with keipr), v144/1 (with fárbjó›r),v322/1 (with flótta), v351/2; dat. of comparison, than many (othermen, i. e. is on his own superior to a large number of others together)v211/1 (with œ›ri); n. as subst. much, a great deal v26/1
margspakr a. wise about many things, deeply wise v94/5 (withmár, i. e. ﬁjazi)mark n. sign, illustration (um of) 58/5, 58/22; image, likeness,characteristics v207/4 (obj. of hefi lagit; cf. note)marknútr m. sculpin, sea-scorpion v487/7
marr m. (1) horse v59/7 (obj. of tam›i), v93/6 t. n. (see note to verse
93), 74/14, mount v242/4 (here a wolf, the giantess’s mount, cf.

Glossary353

Gylf. ch. 49; obj. of feldu); in kennings for ship, Reifnis (orra›álfs) m. v254/8 (dat. after af, see note), Geitis m. v257/3 (obj.
of hlƒ›um); cf. Index
marr m. (2) sea v106/2, 92/25, 93/3, v345/1, 94/5, v351/1, v475/6;
liquid, in kenning for poetry or a poem, Vi›ris munstrandar marr
v350/3 (obj. of ek ber)marr m. (3) sword-name, ‘bruiser’? v453/5
marﬂvara f. a kind of herring v487/2
matr m. food 1/17, v93/6 (obj. of báru), v339/3 (subj. of fekksk)máttr m. might, power v269/1, v273/1; m. d‡r›ar glorious works ofmight v272/3 (obj. of vi›r; cf. d‡r›)máttugr a. mighty, tough 50/19; f. pl. máttkar v159/7
mauraskáld n. nickname, ‘ant-poet’; perhaps originally Mœraskáld,
poet of the Mœrir, inhabitants of Mœrr in Norway (see Mœrr inIndex), or from maurar m. pl. ‘possessions’, referring to the hoardingof money? 62/9 (cf. maur(r) v65/3 t. n.)máv- see márme› prep. with dat. together with v46/2, 79/30; together with ormixed with 320/3; between 3/38; me› ﬂeim ﬁór between him andﬁórr 21/17; with the help of or among (if the phrase is taken withor› lék á ﬂví ) v255/3; by means of, because of v84/1 (with acc.?);with (instrument) v90/2; among, i. e. by v332/1, 2, 380/1, 3, i. e.
to dwell among v101/3; i. e. to join? v81/1 (with acc.?); with acc.
carrying, wielding (fara me› take) v81/8 (or with strí›lundr,‘behaved wrathfully with?—see strí›lundr and cf. note), v241/1;
among, surrounded by (or as well as?) v154/3me›al adv. middlingly, not very, as first half of compound (tmesis)me›altálhreinn v94/2, v305/2; as prep. with gen. between v97/7
me›alheimr m. middle-world (i. e. sky; between earth and heaven?) 90/17me›alkafli m. ‘middle-piece’, the part of the sword-handle between
the hilt-plates or cross-pieces v462/6; in kenning for sword (-blade),me›alkafla tunga v401/4 (see note)me›an conj. while v33/3, 5, v49/1
me›r = menn, see ma›r v365/3
mega (má, mátti) pret.-pres. vb. can v194/5 (impers. with inf.
bræ›a, equivalent to the passive), v245/1, v270/3; má one canv253/1; be able 2/31, v263/4 (inf. with muntu); ne máttu were notable (strong enough) v91/6; má svá has such ability, such powerv310/2; hvats mátti as hard as he could v99/7
megin (1) m. indecl. (dat.) tveim megin on both sides (e–s of s–thing)v193/2; standa tveim m. stand astride (e–s of s–thing), straddle 25/15
megin (2) n. power, strength 25/27 n., v79/8 (acc. with lætr vaxa),
v181/2 (gen. with kostu›u)354

Skáldskaparmál

megindráttr m. (dat. -drætti) mighty haul v54/4 (dependent on at;
refers to ﬁórr’s hauling up the Midgard serpent to the side of theboat, Gylf. ch. 48)
megingjar›ar f. pl. girdle of might 14/27, 24/20, 36, 25/2, 4. Cf.
gjar›venju›rmeginhur› f. mighty door or gate, in kenning for shield, m. Gauts
v145/2 (gen. with galla)
meginland n. mainland 105/32
meginverk n. mighty work, mighty action v169/6
mei›ir m. injurer, destroyer, enemy; m. Ey-Dana i. e. King Haraldrhar›rá›i v376/2 (subj. of eym›it)mei›r m. tree, pole, post 65/5; cf. v112/3 t. n.; in kenning for
warrior (Earl Sigur›r Hákonarson), m. mor›teins v211/1
méilskúr f. missile-shower, hail of weapons, battle v230/4 (dat. pl.,in battle; see note)mein n. injury v55/3, v89/7 (gen. with nestu; i. e. which causes); pl.
hurt, pain, anxiety v290/4 (obj. of bera), harm, trouble v298/4(dat. with firr)
meinsváran n. perjury, swearing falsely v75/2 (gen. with gƒrr; cf. note)
meinﬂorn m. harmful thorn? v67/6 t. n.
meir adv. comp. more; longer 101/13; further, again (I shall continue
to . . .) v301/2 (perhaps the beginning of a new section in thepoem)meira, meiri comp. of mikill
meiss m. basket, creel 22/25
mél n. interval of time 99/8
meldr (ldrs) m. (the action of) grinding; til meldrs to the grinding
v162/6; at meldri at the grinding v182/6; what is ground, meal;
ﬂann meldr Fenju i. e. gold v183/6 (obj. of bera)
men n. neck-ring, gold collar, necklace 61/15, 72/11 (see note),
v251/4 (obj. of bau›a); mens mjúkstallr = neck v206/1 (gen. with
Synjar); in kenning for sea, island-ring, -encircler, m. Karmtar
v320/4; jewel, in kenning for sword, dreyra men v337/2 (gen.
with dísar)mensker›ir m. neck-ring diminisher, damager, distributor, generous
man (Sigur›r Fáfnisbani) v322/2
mensætt f. settlement to be brought about by (the gift of) a neckring 72/11 n. and t. n.
mensœkir m. necklace-seeker (-fetcher) 19/10 (see note; m. Freyju
the fetcher of Freyja’s necklace, cf. 20/3–4 (ﬂjófr . . . Brísingamens)
and verse 64 and note)
menﬂverrir m. neck-ring-diminisher, giver of neck-rings, generous
ruler v121/2 (Earl Hákon)Glossary355

merki n. significance, something remarkable (at in s–thing) 3/1(pl.); standard 80/6; mark on a sword-blade (decoration or an
identification sign (insignia), or inscription) v461/3
merkisma›r m. ‘standard-man’, person who has a standard borne
before him 79/28 (or ‘man of mark’?)
merkja (kt) wv. mark, engrave, inscribe, depict v368/2 (pp. withorm)
merla (a›) wv. illuminate, shine on v349/4 (with fjƒll)merr f. mare 21/21
merski n. marsh, land subject to flooding v501/8
mestr a. sup. (of mikill) greatest (with gen.) 25/4, v269/2; er mest
it is the greatest, a very (great) . . . v397/4; most (of) or a very
great v222/2 (with glymvindi); n. as adv. mest most 50/6; withvery great force, most forcefully v89/8 (with laust); sem m. as
hard (fast) as he could 2/15, sem m. mátti hann as much (full,tightly) as he could 45/35
meta (mat) sv. value, put a price on (s–thing) 4/11; assess 105/25
mey(-) see mærmi› n. fishing-bank v477/2
mi›fáinn m. sword-name, ‘decorated in the middle’ v453/6
mi›fjƒrnir m. ‘which preserves life in the middle’? (v. l. mi›fornir,‘old in the middle’, with an old boss? see Falk 1914, 152, n. 3),shield-name v471/4
mi›gar›r m. ‘middle enclosure’, world, land; Fáfnis m. = gold
(because F. lay on gold) v188/4. See Mi›gar›r in Index and Gylf.
Indexmi›i see mjƒ›rmi›ja f. middle 48/27 (or dat. sg. n. of mi›r?)
mi›jungr m. ‘middler’, ram-name v507/8. Cf. Indexmi›la (a›) wv. share out, hand out 40/20; m. vi› share with 46/12
mi›r a. middle (of), mid 22/3, 25/6, v89/7 (with bígyr›il), 52/18,
101/11míga (meig) sv. urinate, wet o–self 21/29
mikill a. big 52/7; great 5/36, 21/9 (a very), v212/2, 101/11, v410/4;
long 101/13; a great deal of 52/16; strong, harsh v365/3; svá mikit
big enough 21/21; svá miklir at such a high pitch 6/9; m. fyrir sér
mighty, of great importance or power, a great person 2/38, 22/15,
24/17, 45/11; n. as adv. hard, fast 20/27; dat. sg. as adv. myklu
much, by far 4/11, 20/24, miklu v303 n. (with minni; or read mikla
with or›gnótt?); comp. meira greater 24/18; comp. n. as adv.
meira more v82/6 (with ógndjarfan and eirfjar›an; or a. with hug,stronger, greater?), faster 42/28. See mestr
mikillátr a. proud (in behaviour), arrogant 107/33

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mildi f. generosity 58/5
mildingr m. kind, merciful, generous man, prince v367/4 (King
Eysteinn), 100/23, v387/1 (Magnús gó›i), 106/14, v441/7; = Ó›inn?
v99/8 n. and t. n.; gen. pl. for princes v32/2 (see note); m. dróttar
lord of hosts, i. e. Christ v272/3
mildr a. generous v194/2 (with hjarta), v351/1 (with jƒfri), 105/23;
kind, gentle v206/1 (with Synjar); as nickname 103/5, 105/22;
comp. in mildri v299/4 (with ógnher›ir, complement of ne munver›a)
milli prep. with gen. between v145/1 (with skur›a), 106/3; sín ámilli amongst themselves 1/21
minjar f. pl. keepsake 48/5
minni (1) n. memory 108/27, 31, 109/9; image, motif, picture intended
to call s–thing to mind v14/4 and v56/4 (instr.)
minni (2) a. comp. smaller v284/2 (with li›), v303 n. (with or›gnótt)misgert pp. misdone, done wrong(ly) v116/1
miskunnlauss a. without mercy, treated mercilessly, shown no mercy
v174/3 (with implied subj. vit)
missa (st) wv. (with gen.) miss, fail to catch 2/21; fail to hit 4/34,
6/11, 13 (cf. Gylf. ch. 48), 25/18, 42/33
misseri n. season, period of six months 99/5; acc. of time, ﬂau m.
for those (probably two) seasons, i. e. for a year v173/2 (seeFritzner 1886–96, II 714b)
missifengr m. sword-name, ‘failing to get’, ‘mark-misser’ v461/4
mistilteinn m. mistletoe 19/30 (see Gylf. ch. 49)
mjór a. thin v365/4 (with bor›)
mjótygill m. thin string, in kenning for fishing line, m. máva Mœrar
v366/3 (obj. of skar)
mjúkr a. gentle, kind, gracious, condescending v183/5 (with konungs;
or with bragar, = smooth, flowing?)
mjúkstallr m. soft stand(ing place); mens m. = neck (or arm, NN902), in kenning for woman, mens mjúkstalls Syn v206/2
mjƒ›r m. (dat. mi›i) mead 1/13, 3/22, 38, 4/7, 19, 5/6, 14/11, 49/8,
v286/3 (obj. of bæri); in kennings for poetry, Suttunga m. 4/4,
11/27, dverga m., jƒtna m., Ó›ins m., Ása m. 11/27–8, m. burar
Bors v26/2, Ó›ins m. v31/3, Yggs m. v197/4 (gen. with njóta; orwith hljót as a kenning for poet, NN 410; see note); in v342/2 therest of the kenning (the obj. of vil ek vanda) was in the unquoted
part of the verse (but see note); in kenning for woman (Snæfrí›r),
mja›ar Hrist v205/4 (a characteristic role of women was as server,
and perhaps brewer, of mead)mjƒk adv. very v121/4, v265/2, v302/1 (with margar; or = frequently);
very much, hard v67/5 (with hrøkkva), v157/1 (with sty›ja); powerfullyGlossary357

v77/5 (with lei›, or = very much, with ór sta›); frequently 67/27,
80/15, 107/31 (a great deal), 109/15; generally 109/15; more orless (?) 1/1–2 t. n.
mjƒl n. meal (what is produced from a mill) 51/29; Fró›a m. = gold
v184/2mjƒtu›r m. doom 19/13 (complement)mó›ir (pl. mœ›r) f. mother 19/9, v64/5 (gen. pl. with mƒgr), 20/16,
v147/5 (gen. with brá; the mother of Hnoss (and Gersimi) is
Freyja), 108/3, 30; jƒtna dólgs m. = Jƒr›; her body is the ground(ofljóst; cf. Jƒr› in Index and Gylf. Prologue ch. 1) v117/4
mó›r m. mood, anger, rage v108/3; af mó›i in fury v266/4
mó›urfa›ir m. maternal grandfather 103/9
mó›ƒflugr a. mighty of mood, bold v64/5 (with mƒgr)mold f. soil, earth 60/13, v502/7
moldrekr m. ‘soil-ruler’ (i. e. soil-dweller), giant, in kenning forgold, moldreks or› (part of kenning for generous ruler) v388/3
moli m. fragment 22/4
mór m. moor, heathland v75/8 (Kock, NN 1080, takes Endils withmó as a kenning for water, i. e. the river, see note), v502/8
mor› n. murder v450/1; killing, battle (gen. with mær›) v25/3;
causer of death, destroyer, in kenning for wind or storm: vi›ar m.
v365/2 (subj. of óx)mor›eldr m. ‘killing-flame, battle-flame’, i. e. sword v144/2 (gen.
with fárbjó›r)mor›kendr a. renowned for battle v290/2 (with sessa—or with ﬂengils?)mor›rein f. killing-ground; cf. v211/2 t. n., though -s is a m. ending;for -hreins?
mor›teinn m. ‘killing-twig, battle-twig, -rod’, i. e. sword, in kenningfor warrior, mei›r mor›teins v211/2
morginn, morgunn m. morning v144/1, 99/6; dat. morni 48/3; ámorgun tomorrow 99/7. Cf. Index
mót n. meeting; at móti e–m to meet s–one v93/2 and v341/2,
against s–one (i. e. in battle; WTUA and Hkr, Fagrskinna have fór
for var) v265/1 (though the dat. could belong with me› jƒfnu
gengi); í mót as adv., in return, in retaliation 21/39; (standa) hér
í mót (are) contrary (in meaning) to these 106/11, 16; í móti as
prep. with dat., towards 24/24, as adv. taka í móti receive 25/31;
móti as adv. in opposition, in response, against him v67/5; inkenning for battle, at málma móti in the assembly of weaponsv251/2
mótro›nir m. heath-treader, i. e. hart (cf. v. l. mó›ro›nir (second
element spelled with -av-) ‘mood-reddener’?) 88/8, v512/4
mótvaldr m. ‘meeting-controller’, in kenning for warrior or war

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leader, mækis m. controller of the meeting of the sword, i. e. ofbattle v149/6 (subj. of leiddi)
mu›r (munn-) m. mouth 43/7, 10, 46/36, v315/3 (instr. with gein,of the earth), v361/4 (instr. with gínn; referring to a figurehead),
108/8, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19; hafa í munni i. e. repeat v283/3; órmunni Ránar i. e. from the grip of the sea, from being engulfed or
swallowed by the sea v127/4
múlinn or m‡linn m. ‘horned’ (?), name for the moon 85/21 (seeIntroduction p. liv)
muna (man, mun›i) pret.-pres. vb. remember 22/30, v201/4 (inf.
with mun), v315/1 (ﬂat er how)mund f. hand v367/3 (with mín, subj. of pr‡ddisk), 108/34
mundri›i m. sword-name, ‘hand-rider, that which swings in thehand’ (or ‘fitted with a handle (mundri›r)’) v453/3
mundri›r m. handle (of a sword; the part between the crossbars orplates) v462/5
munkr m. monk; in kennings for God (or Christ), munka dróttinn
v269/1 (gen. with máttr), munka valdr v388/3
munlauss a. lacking joy, loveless; of a country (Norway?) conceived
as a woman (Óska víf ) lacking a ruler (or referring to Jƒr›’sabandonment by Ó›inn? cf. bi›kván) v383/2 (Falk 1922, 61–2
and Kock, NN 3396N, read mundlaust,‘without a wedding-gift’;
cf. ómyndr)
munn- see mu›r
munnfyllr f. mouthful 3/4 (hverr . . . sína i. e. in turn)munngjallr m. sword-name, ‘hand-ringer’ (if the first element ismund; ‘edge-ringer’ if it is mu›r) v458/1
munnlaug f. (hand-)basin; vinda m. = sky v110/4 (dependent on á)
munntal n. ‘mouth-count’, ‘mouth-tale’ 3/6, 40/28
munr m. (1) difference; fyrir øngan mun by no means, certainly
not 21/13
munr m. (2) desire 108/28; glamma m. wolf’s hunger v252/4 (obj.
of stƒ›va; Kock, NN 156, reads hƒ›glamma mun, ‘wolf’s pleasure’,i. e. battle, and lætrat in line 1); pleasure: ﬂat var m. vargs er that
was a pleasure for the wolf when v322/1; at mun e–s in accordancewith the will of, to the pleasure of, to the delight of s–one v304/1;
joy, love, loved one, i. e. husband v157/4 (with Foglhildar, i. e.
Jƒrmunrekkr; acc. with næma)munstrƒnd f. ‘desire-strand’, the seat of feeling or thought, breast;in kenning for poetry, Vi›ris munstrandar marr, the sea (liquid) ofÓ›inn’s breast v350/3
munstœrandi pres. p. who increases the joy (e–s of s–one), whobrings joy to (s–one); in kenning for I›unn, m. hapta v102/7 (inGlossary359

apposition to mey, obj. of lei›ir aptr; she brings them joy bykeeping them young)munu (mun, mundi) pret.-pres. vb. will, shall v175/2, v177/5,
v180/2, 5, v182/4 (must), v201/1, v252/4 t. n. (man = mun?—see
Noreen 1923, § 524.2), v299/2, v369/1 (intend to), v395/2, v406/1;
must (probability) 24/31, v177/4 (‘must be what is called’, or‘will in future be known as’); munda would v303 n.; mundi (it)would be 3/31, 22/29 (twice), was about to, was on the point ofv99/4 (after svá at), 41/31; ﬂeim mundi they might expect 50/1; afmundi would be off 50/12; with suffixed neg., muna gefa there
will not be given v175/5, munat ﬂú you will not v178/1, mundit
would not v338/1; with suffixed pron., mundak I would have
22/12, muntu will you (interrog.) v263/1 (v. l. mundu, montu,
mantu); p. inf. mundu would 2/10, 4/21, 22/14
m‡gja (g›) wv. with dat. suppress; put aside, cease v87/3
myklu see mikillm‡lin f. ruddy(?), ‘pointed one’ (originally of the moon?), a namefor the sun 85/20 (v. l. m‡sin)m‡ll m. lump, ball 108/24
myrkaurri›i m. dark trout; in kenning for serpent (Fáfnir), m.
markar v322/3 (dark trout of the forest or trout of the dark forest?—
cf. Introduction p. liii; obj. of stakk)
myrkbein n. ‘dark bone’ in kenning for rock, bone of the sea, Hakavƒgna reinar m. v67/6 (gen. with vátt)
myrkdreki m. dark dragon, in kenning for snake, minn m. marka,
part of kenning for spear (dragon of the dark forest? cf. myrkaurri›iand see bor› (2)) v246/1 (subj. of kná)
myrkheimar m. pl. worlds of darkness 42/29. Cf. Index
myrkr a. dark, obscure 4/6 (n. as adv.), 42/29 (af nótt from, becauseof night), v315/2 (with jƒr›; Kock, NN 342, takes the word as thefirst half of the compound myrk-Danr)mæg› f. relationship by marriage, marriage-connexion v296/4 (subj.
of lét)mækir m. sword v453/2; in kenning for warrior, mækis mótvaldr v149/5
mæla (t) wv. speak v94/5, v102/6; say, order 24/25; pronounce 46/4;
m. fyrir prescribe 52/9; m. vi› e–n announce to s–one 45/19; m.
sér e–t til e–s stipulate s–thing as s–thing for o–self 4/19
mæling f. measuring (at e–u of s–thing) 3/3
mælingr m. tight-fisted person 106/16 (mæla wv. ‘measure’)mær (gen. sg., nom. pl. meyjar) f. girl, maiden v100/2 (i. e. I›unn;
the ﬂá er clause goes with this word; obj. of fœra sér), v102/8 (i. e.
I›unn; obj. of lei›ir aptr), v159/7 (ﬂær meyjar, i. e. Fenja and
Menja), v161/5, v169/5, v178/6 (vocative), v181/1, v214/4 (gen.

360

Skáldskaparmálwith sæing), v378/4 (probably collective), 107/35, 37, v438/8;
maid: Ó›ins meyjar i. e. valkyries v436/2; female servant v286/4(subj. of bæri); Fró›a meyjar = Fenja and Menja v183/1; daughter:m. bergrisa (Fenja or Menja or both) v168/6 (subj. of mœli); mínsfƒ›ur m. i. e. I myself or my sister Fenja? v179/2 (subj. of mól); m.
Gefnar = Hnoss (or Gersimi), the precious weapon v149/5 (obj. ofleiddi), m. Hƒgna = Hildr (2), i. e. battle, in kenning for shield,Hƒgna meyjar hjól v238/3 (in both these kennings ofljóst is used)mæra (›) wv. praise v193/4 (inf. after á ek at)mær› f. glory, praise (-poetry), encomium v64/8 (gen. with ﬂáttum),v112/3, 83/15, 84/13; poem of praise v303/2; praise v302/2 (gen.
with ƒrr; if this word belongs with skjƒldhlynr, mær› would haveto mean (deeds of) glory here: the quotation is exemplifying theuse of ó›r as a word for poetry, not mær›); m. mor›s a poem about(in praise of) battle v25/3
mæringr m. famous, glorious man, prince v25/4 (subj. of ræ›r),
100/28, 106/14, v388/4 (complement of erat, there is not), v441/7
mærr a. famous, glorious, noble v52/3 (with simbli; or with ﬁrívalda
if this is dat.; see NN 220, where it is taken with sumbls to mean ‘renowned for his drinking’), v102/7 (with mey; Kock, NN 2005, readsmærra with hapta), v238/4 (of King Ragnarr; with mƒgr), v301/1;= hár (1), of kon mæran = of háan kon, of Hákon (ofljóst) v36/2
mæti n. pl. precious things, valuables (i. e. gifts); or respect? v197/3(obj. of hljóta; i. e. I was valued by him)mætr a. splendid, glorious v273/2 (with máttr), worthy v251/3(with hilmi)
mœnir m. ridge (of a roof), in kenning for (the top of the) head,hjarna m. v70/3
mœrr f. see Indexmœta (tt) wv. with dat. meet 21/39; ﬂeim er átján mœtir to one whomeets eighteen 107/2; md. meet each other 109/16
mœtir m. meeter, one who meets (e–s s–one, i. e. in battle); m.
Nƒkkva = Haraldr hárfagri v345/1 (see note)mƒgr m. (poetical word for) son v301/1, 107/16, v447/5; m. Sigur›ar= King Ragnarr v238/4 (subj. of vildi); at mƒg for the son (Ó›inn’s
son is Baldr) v19/4, Fárbauta m. = Loki v64/4 (dependent onvi›), v96/2 (acc. with ba›); átta ok einnar mœ›ra m., i. e. son ofnine mothers = Heimdallr (see Gylf. ch. 27) v64/6; Sveins m. =Knútr inn ríki v258/4 (vocative); in kenning for winter, ﬂenna
mƒg Vind-svals this winter v138/1 (acc. of time); boy (Sigur›r
Fáfnisbani; cf. sveinn) v152/3
mƒl f. stones, gravel v78/6
mƒndu›r m. sword-name, ‘aimed, aimer’ v453/3

Glossary361mƒndull m. handle v178/5mƒr›r m. ram-name v507/9 (see Index)mƒrk f. forest. (1) in kennings for snake, myrkdreki marka v246/1,
myrkaurri›i markar = Fáfnir v322/3. (2) in kennings for river,háfmƒrk (separated by tmesis) v78/1 (háf- belongs both with mƒrkand markar, gen. with byr; though DD takes mƒrk in line 1 tomean simply ‘ground’). (3) = tree in kennings for woman 63/23;
m. skála v203/3 (vocative)mƒrnir (mørnir?) m. sword-name, ‘bruiser’? v458/5mƒsni m. bear-name, ‘slumberer’? v510/8
ná (ná›i) wv. with dat. get hold of 4/27; catch 5/4; receive v324/1;
impers. mundi ná e–u braut s–thing would be got out 22/23; á›rﬂér ná›i until you were got, until you appeared v408/2
nadd-Freyr m. spike-, spear-Freyr, kenning for man (warrior) (Haraldr
hárfagri ?—or Svási, see Flb II 70; cf. Ólafur Halldórsson 1969,
159) v205/3
naddr m. spike, spear; in kenning for battle, nadda él v285/3
na›r m. adder 90/10; serpent, of the Midgard serpent v56/2, v311/4(dat. with bundin, see binda); cf. v238/2 t. n.
na›ra f. adder 49/2, 90/11
nafarr m. auger, tool for boring 4/28
náfjƒr›r m. ‘corpse-fiord’, in kenning for troll-wife, vƒr›r náfjar›ar
v300a/6 (or nafjƒr› f. ‘hub-land’; Kock, NN 2458, suggests nafjƒr›‘brink-, cliff-land’, cf. nƒf f. ‘brink, cliff-edge’)nafn n. name 5/22, 19/21, 47/36, 58/14, v331/1, 95/7, 12 (obj. oftal›i 95/9), 107/25; Gauts n. the name Gautr 105/30, similarly
105/31 (n. Svi›urs); n. Ó›ins one of Ó›inn’s names 105/30, 31(similarly 108/9); nƒfn e–s names for s–thing(s) or some persons
84/19, 85/13, 91/3, 99/5, 21; instr. 30/15, 33/21; designation (i. e.
kenning) 108/30; ﬂat nafn er this name means, is a designation of,reference to 90/28; svá sem konungs nafn equivalent to the name(title) of king 101/23; nƒfn manna proper names, personal names
107/12; rétt nafn proper (i. e. normal) name 107/14 (instr.); ƒnnur
mƒrg nƒfn many other words 109/21 (ﬂau er where, such that)
nafnfestr f. attaching of a name, confirmation of a naming 58/15; atnafnfesti as a confirmation of (my) name, as a naming-gift 58/16
nagl m. nail (of finger) 108/35
naglfari m. sword-name, ‘rivetted, decorated with nails or studs’v458/4; in kennings for shield, naglfara bor› v401/2 (cf. note),
naglfara segl v156/3 (cf. note). See Index
nagr m. a kind of bird; in kenning for eagle (ﬁjazi), sveita n. v99/3(subj. of fló)

362

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náhvalr m. narwhal v490/2 (KSk 16, LML 122; JG 8)
nakkvat pron. n. (cf. nokkvorr) something v262/4 (subj. of fylgi
ﬂví; i. e. a gift)nál f. needle (for sewing the sail on a ship; or possibly a peg witha hole in for fastening ropes, see Falk 1912, 13 and n. 1) v500/4nálægr a. (situated) close (e–u to s–thing) v148/2 (var ﬂat i. e. thegift took place?)nár m. corpse v321/4 (obj. of svalg); sword-name v459/6 (or perhaps
narr for gnarr, ‘noisy one’; written ‘naR’ in R)
nata f. nettle; spear v464/5. Cf. nƒtnati m. a giant name (see Index); coat of mail v474/2
náttsta›r m. lodging for the night 45/12; til náttsta›ar for a night’s
lodging 4/15
náttúra f. quality, property 52/8
nau›(r) f. necessity (i. e. fate) v437/2; compulsion, pressure v354/3(obj. of ﬂolir); trouble, distress, in kenning for ﬁórr, giants’ nau›arher›ir, increaser of giants’ distress v80/6
nau›gjald n. forced payment 46/6
nau›uliga adv. with difficulty 24/26
naut n. ox (cow or bull) 90/13
nautr (1) m. companion 106/31, v440/8
nautr (2) m. gift, something given (e–s by s–one), something which
had belonged to s–one v461/2, 7; Gusis n. = flaug, flag (ofljóst)
v363/4 (gen. with skautbjƒrn; skaut Gusis nauta = sail; see Gusir
in Index; Kock (NN 785) takes Gusis nauta = arrows with skí›a as
a kenning for shields)
ne neg. adv. not v78/3, v82/1, v87/3, v91/5, v299/1, v362/1; reinforcedby suffixed neg. -t or -a with vb. v217/1, v223/1, v314/1
né conj. nor v44/3, v82/7, v107/3 (links œ›ri and betri), v160/6,
v164/4, 5, v168/3 (understand kœmia), v168/5, v178/4; more than(?) v165/4
ne›an adv. from below v51/4, 21/33; fyrir n. (with acc.) beneathv169/4ne›anskar›r a. (pp.) notched at the end (sword-name) v451/6
ne›ri a. comp. lower 21/33 (see fara); sup. neztr v516/3
nef n. nose v231/2 (obj. of heldu, i. e. their noses)
nefi m. kinsman, nephew or grandson 107/18, v446/5
nefna (fnd) wv. name; invoke the name of 20/36, speak the name of
43/8, v433/2, v434/6; mention, use (a name) 65/15, 93/3, 8, 103/18,
108/8; refer to 107/14, 108/29 (use the name of); call by a certain
name 5/17, 83/13; nefna nafni call by the name 30/15; n. réttu
nafni call by its normal name 107/14; einnhverr er nefndr s–one’s
name was 41/3, 45/10, 47/26; er nefndr er whose name was 21/28,

Glossary363

52/6, 72/2, 105/29; hinn er nefndr var the one whose name it was
5/22; konungr er nefndr there was a king called 58/4, 101/10; er
sá nefndr was his name 52/10; ﬂess er hann nefndi fƒ›ur thefather of the one named 107/15; n. til mention 5/20, name for thispurpose 108/29; n. vi› name after 60/11; md. say one’s name is,give one’s name as (fyrir e–m to s–one) 4/17, 47/24
negg n. poetical word for heart 108/23
nema (1) (nam) sv. acquire, learn 5/25; receive, pay attention to(subjunc., ‘let men . . .’; the obj. is the (mead of) poetry, to bereceived as a drink) v29/3, similarly v282/1 (‘let the court hear
. . .’), v368/3; note, appreciate v395/3 (again subjunc.); (reach out
so as to) touch v354/1; take: n. e–n e–u deprive s–one of s–thing
v58/8; n. sta›ar stop, come to rest 42/22; aux. with inf. begin to
v87/1 (nam kenna), v94/5; nam rjúfa did break apart v49/4, namrá›a had her way v254/4; with suffixed negative, did not come to,could not v59/2
nema (2) conj. except (that) 20/34; except, besides, other thanv300a/8, v300b/8; unless v79/5, v102/5 (with lei›ir), v262/3, 85/15;
nema svá at unless it be that v238/1
nenna (nt) wv. want, like, care (to do s–thing); usually with neg., notto be disposed (to do s–thing) 6/15 (cf. nenning); abs. desire to go,undertake (a journey), travel v257/4 (nennum vér: we = the poet)
nenning f. eagerness, resolution, will 108/31
nes n. ness, headland v400 n.; in kenning for giants, nesja dróttv84/4 (gen. with kneyfi; or with vá or (dólg)fer›, see note)nesta f. pin, brooch; meina n. pin of (which causes) injuries = theglowing lump of iron v89/8 (dat. with laust)
net n. net 41/6
neyta (tt) wv. with gen. use 25/27 n.
neyti n. companionship 107/3
neytri a. comp. more useful, beneficial, better; hin n. any betterv79/3 (with rá› (pl.); DD, following in part Reichardt’s suggestion(1928, 8–9, 208: mar njótr in neytri), reads hinn neytri ‘the very
useful’ with njótr; W and T have ‘en–’, cf. in). Cf. notenezta see ne›ri
ni› n. new moon (before it is visible); waning moon 85/21
ní›a (dd) wv. slander, compose insulting verse about v369/4 (inf.
with mun ek)
ní›hƒggr m. sword-name, ‘mean-striker’ (cf. the serpent-name, see
Index) v459/8
ní›ingsskapr m. baseness, villainy 21/12
ni›jungr m. relative, descendant 107/18, v447/2
ni›r (1) m. descendant, relative 18/4, 16, v167/6 (or forefathers?),364

Skáldskaparmál

v407/3 (subj. of ré›), 107/18 (subj.), v447/1; grandson: Gjúka
ni›jar = Ham›ir and Sƒrli v157/2 (obj. of sty›ja); in kennings for
giants, ﬁorns ni›jar v74/4 (obj. of ﬂr‡sta), Glaums ni›jar v90/1(dat. with fór)ni›r (2) adv. down; n. í down into v89/7
nipt f. sister, niece; Freys n. = Hnoss (or Gersimi), daughter ofFreyja, i. e. the treasure, the decorated weapon (ofljóst) v147/8(subj. of berr); lady, poetical word for woman; perhaps the nameof a norn v437/3, see Index
nisting f. sewing, s–thing sewn, clothing v205/4 (obj. of slƒng; it ispresumably Svásanautr, the magic covering (blæja) provided by
Svási in the story in Flb II 70, see Ólafur Halldórsson 1969, 159)
níu num. nine (with hƒf›a) v52/4, (with brú›ir) v133/4, v169/1
njar›gjƒr› f. mighty girdle = megingjar›ar, girdle of might, ﬁórr’s
magic belt v79/4 (separated by tmesis; gen. with njótr)
njóla f. darkness, obscurity, a name for night v380/2
njóta (naut) sv. with gen. enjoy, i. e. hear, receive v197/4 (inf. with
lætr; the obj. may however be grundar rather than mja›ar, seenote and NN 410); enjoy the favour of v196/2; benefit fromv386/1 (inf. with lát); benefit from, receive, feed on v323/2,
v324/3
njótr m. benefitter (e–s from s–thing), user (of), possessor (of); in
kennings for ﬁórr, n. hafra v54/3 (gen. with megindrætti), n.
njar›gjar›ar v79/3 (in apposition to her›ir halllands)
nokkvorr pron. a. (n. nokkvot, cf. nakkvat) any 24/18
nór m. boat (only in poetry and the name Nóatún; cf. Latin navis;
originally a hollowed tree-trunk, Falk 1912, 85) v491/7
nor›an adv. from the north v318/4; in the north v313/2 (with frá
Veigu); n. fyrir southwards past or to the north of v259/2
nor›hvalr m. Greenland right whale v490/1 (KSk 16, JG 10, 37; =sléttibaka LML 123, sljettbakur Blöndal 1920–24)
norn f. norn 40/25, v437/1 (cf. Gylf. ch. 15)
nótt (gen. nætr) f. night 99/8, v380/1. Cf. Index
nú adv. now v159/1, on the spot 21/11; in a moment v1/1, v2/1,
20/17 (1); from now on v175/5; just now 20/17 (2), 103/18; now,i. e. in future v386/1
n‡ n. new moon 85/21
n‡gervingar (-gjƒrv-) f. pl. extension of meaning, metaphor 41/16;
extended metaphor, allegory 74/6 (instr., using), 108/14, 16 (eru
is being used), 108/37 (cf. Háttatal 1/54, 5/12, 6/9–20 (sg. in
Háttatal 6/12); TGT 80)n‡kominn a. (pp.) newly arrived v101/4 (with I›u›r)n‡la adv. recently v285/3 (with ger›u)Glossary365n‡r a. new v205/3 (with nisting)n‡tr a. usable 72/30; beneficial, kind, bountiful v62/6 (with bur);helpful v148/1 (with varn)næfr f. (birch-) bark; svá sem næfrar as if (through) pieces of barkv235/4 (parallel to gar›)næma (›) wv. deprive (e–n e–u s–one of s–thing) v5/6, v157/3 (inf.
with vildu)
nær adv. close by 2/22; present, in the area 80/6; prep. with dat.
close to 5/3nærri a. comp. closer (e–m to s–one) v388/4 (predicative withmæringr, ‘who is closer than you are’)næst adv. next v368/1, v432/8; after that 5/33; ﬂar n. after him
79/16, after that 79/18, 26, 80/8, 99/23; ﬂví næst next 21/36, afterthat 99/22; ﬂeim n. after them v434/8; í næst next (or last, previously?—
see Fritzner 1886–96, II 851–2) 99/7
næstr a. sup. closest v384/4 t. n.; next 1/13, 99/17; ár it næsta thenext year (or last?—see Fritzner 1886–96, II 853a, næstr 2, 3)
v353/4; closest, second in importance: at tel engin smæstu n. suchthat I consider none of the smallest (battles) second (to it) (i. e.
comparable to it) v285/4 (predicative after tel; or next I recountnone of the smallest, the next ones I recount will be none of thesmallest either?)nættingr m. sword-name, ‘night-bringer’? or ‘made by night’ v457/8
nƒf f. nave, hub 70/5nƒkkvi m. boat (originally a hollowed tree-trunk; Falk 1912, 85)v491/8; cf. v345/4, see note and Indexnƒt f. nettle; spear-name v464/1 (cf. nata; Nƒt and Nati in Index)
ó- neg. prefix separated from an adjective v93/4 and v341/4 (withskƒmmu; see skammr)
oddbreki m. ‘point-breaker, -wave’, wave of pointed weapons, i. e.
blood v319/1 (subj. of gnú›i)oddnet n. point-net, spear-net or arrow-net, that which catches missiles,
i. e. shield v224/2 (gen. with ﬂinul)
oddr m. point (of spears) v333/5 (instr. with stika), (of a sword)
v460/1, i. e. arrow v465/2; in kennings for battle, odda gn‡rv224/1 (gen. with œsi), odda skúr v309/1
oddviti m. leader 79/28
ódjarfr a. not bold, timid, shy 107/35
ó›(-) see va›aó›altorfa f. native ground (estate), land; inherited land v280/3 (obj.
of leifa, with sína)ó›gjarn a. madly (frantically) eager (with at and inf.) v202/4

366

Skáldskaparmáló›r (1) m. mind; fury, frenzy; (inspired) poem, poetry v203/1 (gen.
with lokri), v283/3 (with minn; obj. of hafa), 83/15, v302/3; inkenning for poet, ó›s skap-Mó›i v300b/6
ó›r (2) a. mad, frantic, possessed 106/18; n. ótt as adv. furiously,
very fast v377/1 t. n.
of (1) prep. with acc. over 2/19, 5/2, v28/1, v57/4, 22/4, v79/2,
v99/2, v124/4, v155/1, v170/2, v205/4, v260/3 (with gnípur),v350/1, v353/2, v354/4, v361/2, v371/2, v378/3, v387/1, v407/2;
i. e. past v8/3; across v381/2 (with setr); above v165/4; above,
beyond v295/2; around v236/1 (above? with dat.?); on (of clothing)v288/4; about 5/39, v18/2, v36/2, v38/4 (dependent on ugg), v200/2,
v301/1, v368/4, v491/2 (?); of mik on my behalf v290/1; amongv7/3; because of, as a result of v290/3 (with enda); through 20/29,
24/24, v379/3; during v144/1, 72/24; throughout v143/3, v185/1(with alla ævi); út of outside (over) 1/35; with dat. over v2/4,
v21/2, above v136/3, i. e. on v281/1 (with fjalli); upon v194/3(with digulskafli; after ﬂrymr)of (2) adv. too 72/18
of (3) pleonastic particle (= um (2)) v15/6, v24/4, v31/2, v48/4,
v52/3 (or emend to af?), v59/3, v60/2, v65/1, 2, v67/1, v68/7,
v70/7, v71/6, v89/2, v90/3 (with hlaut), v90/7, v91/8, v92/6, v94/5,
v99/5, 6, v100/5, v104/5, v117/2, v125/3, v141/1, v144/1, v148/3,
v153/3, v154/8, v155/4, v160/4, v175/4, v192/4, v223/4, v242/3,
v245/3, v250/6, v252/8, v254/8 t. n. (of (1)?—see note), v270/4,
v273/1, v279/4, v294/1, v296/3, v309/3, v326/5, v327/6, v350/4,
v382/3, v392/2, 107/8 (perhaps a mistake for ef, conj. ‘if’), v491/2(of (1)?)ófagr a. ugly, unpleasant, unsavoury 49/10
ofan adv. down 1/18, v95/6, v97/8 (i. e. from above, with dræpi andme›al her›a), v135/4, 46/27, v181/6, 59/21; the upper part (of ourbodies) v174/6 (understand etr): ofan í from down in 59/23; fyriro. above v365/4 (Kock, NN 720, takes the phrase with me›r, ‘menon the sea’, rather than with braut or ﬂaut; it perhaps goes looselywith all three, i. e. with the whole of the preceding three lines,
though it is particularly the upper strakes of the ship (those above
the surface) that might be broken by the waves)
ofar adv. higher up (in the river) 48/13
ofláti m. show-off 106/19, v441/5, v442/5
ófleygr a. unable to fly 49/30
ofljóss a. ‘excessively clear’, punning, using word-play (i. e. substituting
homonyms, or synonyms of homonyms, especially when one is aproper name) 109/16; n. as subst. a pun, word-play 109/19. Cf.
Háttatal 17/26, 18/13, 20/9; TGT 66, 89, 171–2

Glossary367

ofra (a›) wv. with dat. raise up, perform, achieve v149/1, makeknown, increase v303/3; lift (out of the sea), fish up v366/1 (inf.
with vildit); md. be extolled, performed v395/2
óframr a. not forward, not bold, retiring 107/34
ofrefli n. bullying 20/36 (v. l. ofryr›i n. pl. (WU) ‘boasting’)
ofrhugir m. pl. recklessness, impetuosity, extreme courage, valour 6/9
ofrhyrningr m. ‘mighty-horned’, name for a ram v507/1
ófri›r m. hostility, war 58/29 ( fyrir because of), v257/1 (belongs
with ﬂenna; obj. of segir), 79/31 ( fyrir against)ofrmæli n. ‘excessive speech’, extreme language, exaggeration, boasting
20/26
ofskƒpt f. family line, lineage 107/20, v447/8 (not found elsewhere)ófu 3rd pers. pl. p. of vefaofvægr a. extremely powerful, irresistible v282/4 (with gram, orwith ægi?—cf. verse 344)
ofﬂerrir m. too great drying (æ›a of veins), in kenning for Hildr (2)v250/1 (gen. with ósk)ófœri n. peril, dangerous situation 6/6ófœrr a. unviable, unable to function, unable to last, or unmanageable?
49/31
ógn f. threat, attack, battle v450/3; in kenning for war-leader, ógnar
stafr v217/3 and v314/3
ógnbrá›r a. battle-swift, -ardent, warlike v408/2 (with ynglingr)ógndjarfr a. battle-bold v82/5 (with hug)ógnher›ir m. battle-increaser, -promoter, war-leader; of a Danish
ruler, perhaps Haraldr blátƒnn v299/2 (complement of mun ver›awith in mildri, ‘a more generous war-leader’; v. l. ógnher›i (U),dat. of comparison, more generous than the war-leader)ógnprú›r a. battle-gallant, gallant in battle v149/2 (with ﬂrøngvir)ógnrakkr a. fierce in attack v209/1 (with álmr)ógnstƒ› f. seat of fear, the breast; in kenning for (mead of) poetry,Ó›inn’s ógnstƒ›var ægir v216/3
ógó›r a. evil v321/2 (with áttbogi)ógurligr a. frightening, terrifying v358/4 (with hƒfu›)óhneppr a. not scanty, not lacking (i. e. in art?) v300b/4
ok conj. and v67/3 (links berg hristusk and bjƒrg brustu, but seenote), v92/8 (links ﬂriggja tíva and ﬁjaza), v101/7 (links gamlar
and hárar), v102/3 (links fundu and bundu), v156/5 (links ﬂeirHam›ir and Sƒrli), v227/2 (links Búi and Sigvaldi), v371/2 (links
lines 2–3 to lines 1 and 4), v401/3 (links naglfara bor›s and tungume›alkafla, both gen. with or›a aflgjƒr›, see note); introducing amain clause after a subordinate clause 1/21, 5/18 (?—see note),
24/34 (first time), 49/30, 50/10(?); almost the equivalent of a

368

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relative pronoun v63/3, 4 (‘which is also’; cf. Turville-Petre 1976,68); alt eitt ok just the same as 40/11; adv. also v16/2, v195/2(TWUAB, but not C, have at), 100/12 (second time), 107/16, 17,
18, 108/4, 5, 109/4, 12, 21, v465/1
ók see akaokbjƒrn m. ‘yoke-bear’, kenning for ox v97/4 (obj. of át)ókendr a. (pp.) without periphrasis, without a qualifier or attributive(determinant) 83/13, 14, 99/21, 107/29, 108/9, v438 t. n. Cf. kennaólágr a. not low, noisy (litotes) v69/2 (with gjálfra; since gjálfr
usually means (the surge of the) sea, ólág gjálfr perhaps means
storms (or seas) that are not low down, but high in the mountains)ólauss a. not free, stuck v70/6 (with vikr)ólgr m. ‘furious’, ox-name v505/5ólítit adv. not a little, with no small force v229/1 (or a. with hryngráp?)olli see valdaólmr a. furious v227/1 t. n., v312/3
oltinn pp. of velta (2)ólund f. bad temper 109/12
ómun f. resonance 109/7ómyndr a. without bride-price, i. e. by violence v122/4 (with elju;
i. e. he raped Africa)óni›ra›r a. blameless (not subject to shame or degradation) v150/4(with vin: ‘who was . . .’)ónn m. patterning on sword-blade v461/5
ón‡task (t) wv. md. be made useless, be ruined 42/15ón‡tr a. useless, no good 42/11
óp n. crying, howling 3/35
opna (a›) wv. open v277/3 (inf. with lét)ópnir v75/7 (gen.) separated from gall- by tmesis, see gallópnir
opt adv. often, frequently v4/1, v126/3, v284/2, v303 n.; repeatedlyv309/2 (Kock, NN 2032, takes it as part of a compound opther›ir‘frequent promoter’), v312/3, v340/3; as intensive, i. e. many ofthem, in large numbers, copiously v402/3 (see Reichardt 1928,
171–2)
ór prep. with dat. from, out of v71/1, v168/4, v173/7, v241/4,
v247/3 (off), v336/3, v371/1, v385/3; as adv. 43/9 (?—see rífa);ﬂar ór out of it 3/16
óra see órirórá› n. evil plan, terrible course of action; ver›r e–s ó. s–one
undertakes the terrible course of action 46/10
or› n. word 49/10, v165/2, 108/15, 18, 109/4; i. e. report, fame(á e–u about s–thing) v255/2; collective, i. e. my words, report (atabout) v313/2; stór or› big words 20/32; í ƒ›ru or›i in the next

Glossary369

word, in the next breath 72/11; pl. speech 24/34, v182/2 (obj. ofkva›); speeches, statements, allegations v152/6; in kenning for
tongue or breast, á sefreinu or›a v36/1 (cf. note); in kennings forgold, giant’s words (cf. p. 3/1–8) 40/28, 44/28, or› Danar Hlƒ›ynjar
beina v315/1 (gen. with sendi); in kenning for battle, naglfarabor›s ok tungu me›alkafla or›a aflgjƒr›, the mighty word-activity(parliament, meeting) of shield and sword v401/3 (cf. geirﬂing,‘spear parliament’; see note)or›askipti n. pl. conversation 1/14
or›brjótr m. ‘speech-breaker’, in kenning for generous ruler (Knútr
inn ríki), o. moldreks, breaker of the speech of soil-ruler (giant’s
speech = gold, see p. 3/1–8), distributor of gold v388/2
or›fjƒl›i m. multitude of words, wide vocabulary 5/26
or›gnótt f. supply of words, abundance of words v303 n.
or›næfr a. sharp, clever of speech (or bold, harsh of speech?) 107/31
or›snilli f. cleverness of speech, eloquence 109/4
or›speki f. skill in speaking, eloquence 109/10
or›spekingr m. rhetorician, skilful speaker 107/27
or›stírr m. glory 22/5, fame, reputation v409/3, 106/3
or›tak n. saying, expression 3/6, 25/20; words, language 3/7, 109/4;
pl. vocabulary 5/9, choice of words 109/14
órir poss. a. pl. our (= várir) v362/4 (with vini); dat. pl. v140/1,
v208/1 (probably = my, the poet’s; with leiki)
orka (a›) wv. bring about (e–s e–m s–thing for s–one) v296/3 (pp.
with lét; af ﬂví as a result of that; oss for me, i. e. the poet); o. til
e–s work (for) s–thing, be the cause of s–thing v164/4 (inf. withskyli)
órlausn f. solution, answer 3/17
ormgar›r m. snake-pit 48/39
ormr m. snake, serpent 4/33, 6/2, 13, 39/21, 30, 46/19, 49/1, 67/27,
71/10, 90/10, v368/1; in kenning for winter, ﬂann orms trega thatwinter v139/4 (acc. of time, with var)
ormstunga f. serpent-tongue (nickname) 63/18
ormﬂvari m. sword-name, ‘worm-spike’ v452/4
órór m. ‘the unpeaceful’, the sea v476/7
orrosta f. battle 6/1 (Trojan War), 9, 58/25, 32, 66/15, 67/17, 71/15,
72/1, 14, 23, 27, v251/6 (obj. of letti), 73/31, 74/3 (subj.), 79/29,
80/7, 100/13, 101/24, 109/8, v449 t. n., v450/5
ort, orti see yrkjaórum dat. of órirósanna (a›) wv. demonstrate to be false, refute 5/28
ósk f. wish; ó. mín er ﬂat that is my wish, desire, hope v280/4óskammr a. split by tmesis v93/4 and v341/4, see skammr

370

Skáldskaparmálóskap n. bad temper 108/32
ósk-Rán f. ‘wish-Rán’, in kenning for Hildr daughter of Hƒgni,ofﬂerris æ›a ó., the Rán who wishes for too great drying of veins,for too much wounding, i. e. for slaughter to take place v250/2(subj. of hug›i). Kock (NN 2205B) takes the kenning to refer to
Hildr as curer (‘she who desires very great drying of veins, i. e.
stopping of bleeding’; see Falk 1889, 270), cf. bœti-ﬁrú›róskvíf n. beloved wife (Ó›inn’s, i. e. Jƒr› = jƒr›, land (ofljóst))v383/4 t. n.
óskyldr a. not obliged; n. óskylt unnecessary, uncalled for, improper
85/14óslœkinn a. unsluggish, unfeeble, not lazy 107/27
ósorg f. ‘un-sorrow’, sorrow-free, carefree, a name for night v380/4
óss (1) m. outlet 25/17 (not here the mouth into the sea, but where
the river issues from the cleft)óss (2) a. sparkling v88/6 (with eisa)ósvifrandi m. (pres. p.) unyielding, ruthless opponent v96/7 (sc.
ﬁjazi; subj. of lag›i upp). The i in this and the next word may
originally have been long (see note to 107/23)
ósvifru›r m. unyielding, relentless opponent 107/23 (see note)ósyndr a. unable to swim 3/29
ósætt f. disagreement, dispute; hafa ó. vi› be at war with 3/12, 58/24
ótiginn a. non-noble, of low birth 101/15
otr m. otter 45/6, 8 (see Index); in kenning for ship, hafs o. v263/1
otrbelgr m. otter-skin 45/19, 35
otrgjƒld n. pl. otter-payment, compensation for the death of Otter(Otr; an otter, see Index) 40/30, 45/3, 46/2, 6
ótryg› f. faithlessness, unreliability, falseness 108/33
ótt see ó›r (2)óttask (a›) wv. md. be afraid 46/3
ótti m. fear; vi› ótta for fear v44/4, v82/8; in kenning for ﬁórr, jƒtna
ó., terror of giants v65/2 (subj. of lét)óvarliga adv. unwarily, unguardedly 21/32
óvinr m. enemy 107/2, 22 (subj.)óvitr a. lacking wisdom, foolish 106/17; as subst. a foolish person
107/22 t. n.
óvæginn a. unyielding v344/4 (with ægi, or with the implied personal
obj. of ﬂraut, i. e. the unyielding one, the earl, ﬁorfinnr); cf. v282
óx see vaxa
oxahƒfu› n. ox-head 6/1
oxi = uxi
óﬂjó› f. wicked people (i. e. Vikings?) v199/3 (gen. with ey›ir),
v387/1, v402/4 (gen. with bló›i)Glossary371

óﬂveri m. perhaps related to the modern word óﬂverri dirtiness,earlier óﬂveri scabbiness, itching, fidgeting, and may here mean
restlessness; or, if the first element is ó› ‘haste, impetuosity’, it
may be for ó›veri n. impetuousness 108/33 (or ‘avoidance ofimpetuousness’, steadiness?—cf. grandveri f. avoidance of harm,
where -veri is an abstract suffix formed on varr a. ‘wary’). The
context leads one to expect ó›- (óﬂver(r)i does not seem to be aquality of mind), but -veri is not well supported in the sense of‘the quality of being s–thing’, though it might be from verr m.
‘man’; -væri, perhaps related to vera, is also a possibility (cf.
óværi ‘restlessness’, the reading of A and C); or ó›ﬂveri ‘contrarinessof mind’, cf. modern Icelandic ﬂverinn, a. R has‘oﬂveri’, U ‘oﬂveri’,B ‘π›uere’, T apparently ‘πdner’óﬂyrmir m. one who does not spare (e–s s–one), ó. varga i. e. justruler (Earl Hákon) v247/2 (subj. of barg)
peita f. Poitou spear v464/8 (see Index)
penningr m. penny 45/29, 46/9
písl f. torture 2/10
plokka (a›) wv. pluck 49/28
postoli m. apostle 76/25
prámr m. pram, a small flat-bottomed boat used as a ferry (Falk1912, 89–90; cf. modern Icelandic prammi) v494/4
prú›r a. splendid, in fine array v261/2
pr‡›ask (dd) wv. be made splendid, be adorned (i. e. with (a) goldring(s)) v367/3
pr‡›ima›r m. splendid man 106/19, v443/6
pund n. pound (weight) 58/35
pungr m. purse, pocket 42/25
rá f. yard (of ship) 109/3 (complement); pole v98/5 (subj. of loddi).
Cf. ró (1)rá› n. rule; r. e–s control over, say in the disposal of s–thing 4/20;
proposition, (proposed) course of action v79/4 (pl., obj. of gatat;
fyrir sér for o–self, himself), 49/25; leggja r. fyrir e–n lay downa course of action for s–one, prescribe a procedure for s–one
49/37; resolve, determined action, treatment (vi› of, against) v376/1(obj. of eym›it); undertaking, enterprise v117/3 (pl.); counsel,
advice 109/9; pl. match, marriage arrangement v118/1, v291/1
rá›a (ré›) sv. (1) with dat. be the cause of s–thing, be responsible
for s–thing 1/23, 21/1; have in one’s power, under one’s control
64/27; ræ›r á›r is the first to gain control of, wins, gets hold of
v64/5; rule over 48/31, 51/30, 78/19, 21, 79/29; r. e–u rule over,372

Skáldskaparmál

i. e. possess or rule with, s–thing v194/2; decide about, determine
v36/4 (inf. with ver›i); with acc. devise, bring about (e–m fors–one) v138/1 (probably refers to future time); r. færa achieve lessv25/2; abs. have one’s way v254/4; r. fyrir rule over v109/3,
58/23, 79/17; ræ›r til ﬂess determines upon, proposes this, urges
this, demands this (perhaps: ‘his qualities demand this’?)—or
undertakes this v216/2; r. um vi› e–n discuss, deliberate, consult
with s–one v152/2; pres. p. ruler, master, lord 76/25; md. rá›ask
fram be advanced, produced, brought forth v112/3. (2) with acc.
interpret, read 78/17 (clause goes with sá). (3) as aux. ré› senda
did send v274/1, v407/1; ré› gjƒrva decided or undertook to
make, arranged v296/1; ré› rjó›a decided to redden, reddened
v402/1; r. at hvetja set about urging v73/1
ra›álfr m. ship-elf (cf. rƒ›), seafarer, sea-king (Hƒgni?) v254/8(gen. with herr; or with mar, making a kenning for ship, see note)rá›bani m. contriver of (s–one’s) death (causer of death by one’s
advice) 20/6
raddkleif f. ‘voice-cliff’, part of a kenning for shield? (the rest of
the kenning, which would have comprised the gen. of a word fora weapon, the voice of which would be battle, and the verb of
which the kenning is the object, perhaps ‘I received’, must havebeen in the illegible line) v92/4
rá›gegninn a. helpful in counsel, skilled in counsel; with an advantageouscourse of action, with a successful plan v64/1 (with vári; functions
as adverb with breg›r: it is the way in which Heimdallr acts)rá›gjafi m. counsellor 107/21, v444/8
rá›snillingr m. wise counsellor, mentor 107/27
rá›unautr m. ‘counsel-sharer’, adviser, confidant 107/21, v448/5
rá›valdr m. wielder of authority, decision-maker 106/17
rá›vandr a. careful in one’s undertakings, righteous, upright v244/1(with vísa)
rafkastandi m. ‘amber-thrower’, in kenning for (generous) man,i. e. the poet: Vi›blinda galtar svalteigar r., thrower (giver) of theamber of the sea, i. e. of gold v201/3 (subj. of mun) (raf n.
‘amber’ (or rƒf f.), as a shining substance, is used in kennings forgold as an equivalent of fire or light)
ragna see regin
ragnarøkr n. twilight of the powers, the end of the gods 5/39, 6/13,
72/31 (see Gylf.; ragnarøkr in Lokasenna, elsewhere in PE it isragna rƒk ‘doom of the powers’; cf. regin, rƒgn)rakki m. fastening of yard to mast, parrel v498/1 (LK 207–8; Falk
1912, 61)
rakkliga adv. bravely v247/4 (with barg)Glossary

373

ramliga adv. powerfully, mightily v179/2
ramligr a. powerful-looking, well armed v297/4
rammaukinn a. (pp.) mightily empowered, strengthened, very powerful
v306/1 (with rƒgn)ramr, rammr a. powerful, mighty v55/3, v98/5, v109/2 (with vísa:‘however mighty I find the ruler (to be)’), v117/3, v268/3; strong,
firm v134/1 (with reksaumr; functions adverbially with rek-, ‘firmly
driven’)ramsvell n. strong ice, in kenning for axe (or sword), ice of shield:
r. Ró›a ræf(r)s v146/4 and v232/4 (subj. of ﬂverr; the kenning istaken to mean silver in NN 2793 and ﬂverr to mean ‘melts’; seeﬂverra)randfár n. (cause of) shield-peril or -damage, spoiler of shields,
i. e. sword, in kenning for war-leader, randfárs rœkilundr v212/4
randi m. ‘rimmed’, shield v470/5
ránfengr m. booty (what is taken by plunder or pillage) 30/20
rangr a. wrong; crooked, deceitful, false (unjust?) v152/6; twisted,coiled v366/1 (with œgi); n. as subst. 22/18
ránkelda f. wave (‘plunder-spring’, i. e. source of destruction?)v478/3 t. n. (cf. Rán and Ránkelda in Index)
rann n. house, hall v154/5, v370/3; in kenning for the sea, hvals
rann v260/4 (rann to be taken as first half of the compound
ranngnípur: the peaks of the whale’s house are the waves)ranngrí› (i. e. rand-Grí›) f. ‘shield-Grí›’, name of a valkyrie (Gylf.,
Grímnismál 36; Randgni› SnE 1848–87, II 490; -Grí› is a variantof -Grí›r (see Noreen 1923, § 384 n. 2), which one would expect
to be the name of a troll-wife, while rand-Grí›r (thus C here)
should be a kenning for axe (see Grí›r in Index); perhaps here
‘shield-eagerness’); a word for battle v449/6
ránsma›r m. plunderer, robber 52/4
raptr or rapti m. rafter 25/24
rarr see tarr
rás f. running; channel 108/14
rau›biti m. red (i. e. glowing with heat) lump v53/2 (dependent
on vi›)
rau›kembingr m. a kind of legendary whale (‘red-crest’) v489/6(KSk 16, JG 8; ‘red comb’ LML 123; it is suggested that it is akind of sea-lion in KSk 165; = faxi, JG 35, cf. faxi above)rau›ljóss a. red-bright (i. e. golden?) v239/1 (with baugjƒr›)rau›málmr m. red metal; in kenning for gold, Rínar r. v190/5 (instr.
with gladdi)rau›r a. red (of gold) 41/24, 45/20, v178/3, 61/12, v199/2; (of paint)
v127/3; of a ship’s timbers, painted red v357 n., v361/2; of the374

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whetstone, perhaps referring to blood on it v71/3 (with hœlibƒl);(i. e. bloody) v219/3 (with ben); var at rau›um turned to (a) red(one) v321/3; of shields (referring to paint, gold or blood?), in
kenning for sword or axe v244/1
rauf f. hole (e–s made by s–thing) 4/30, 43/6
raufa (a›) wv. break open, uncover 1/19
raufnir m. sword-name, ‘piercer, tearer’ v459/2
rausn f. magnificence, splendour, liberality v105/4 (subj. of var); tilrausnar magnificently, so as to achieve splendour v345/3
refsing f. punishment, sentence of punishment 79/32
regg n. a kind of ship (Falk 1912, 90) v492/5
reggbúss m. ‘ship-(box-)tree’, seafarer, man v213/2 (refers to Magnús
gó›i)
regin n. pl. powers, gods v64/1 (gen. with rein), v98/3 (subj. of
eygja), v101/8 (subj. of váru); cf. v213/4 t. n. Cf. rƒgnregingrjót n. mighty stone (i. e. millstone(s); taken to mean jewels
NN 211) v178/4 (obj. of halda)
reginn m. base-word in kenning for man; either the dwarf-name(see Index) or a name for a god (cf. regin), or a word meaning
wielder, one who has power over s–thing (e–s): slí›ráls r. (unidentified)v369/4 (with sá, subj. of er illr); in kenning for ﬁjazi, leikbla›s
fja›rar r., the one who sets in motion the beating of wings v103/6(subj. of lag›i)
reginspƒnn f. ‘mighty span’, name for an axe v463/5
regn n. rain (in kennings for weapons) 74/6; in kenning for battle,
rógsk‡ja r. v213/4 (dat. with helt); i. e. tears, droplets, in kennings
for gold, 40/29, 44/26, r. augna be›vinu Ó›s v146/3 (dat. withfyrir, because of, as a result of); cf. v435 and Gylf. ch. 35
rei› f. carriage, chariot 76/6, v301/4 (pl. in R (‘-u’) and C, í rei›u
TUA; ‘normally travels in chariots’?); in poetry, ship (basic sense‘vehicle’, Falk 1912, 86) v493/8; in kenning for ship, Ræs rei›v158/3 and v253/3 (gen. with mána)rei›a (1) f. utensils 41/5
rei›a (2) (dd) sv. swing 1/29, 21/37; r. of ƒxl carry on, let ride on
one’s shoulder 21/27
rei›i (1) f. wrath, anger 6/11, v402/2 (obj. of bei›), 108/32, 109/11
t. n., 109/13, 14; af r. in anger, because of his fury v152/5
rei›i (2) n. (or m.) tackle, gear 109/13
rei›it‡r m. god who hands out, in kenning for ﬁórr, sára r. god who
hands out wounds, wound-giving god v71/3 (gen. with hárshneigihlí›um). Kock, NN 1918, reads rei›ar-T‡s (see Rei›art‡r inIndex) and takes sára as attributive gen. ‘wounded, bloody’ withhneigihlí›um (= head)Glossary375

rei›r a. angry 1/29, v44/1, 20/25, 50/4 (e–m with s–one), v254/7(with herr, or predicative with gekk fram, ‘advanced in anger’),v376/2; as subst., the angry one (Ó›inn?) v102/6 (subj. of mælir
svá)
reifa (›) wv. make (s–one) glad (by giving them s–thing): r. ƒrnugladden eagles (by fighting battles and providing corpses forthem) v310/3
reifr a. cheerful, happy v396/3 (equivalent of adv. with gekk; orwith tiggi?)
reik f. parting (in the hair), top of the head; in kenning for battle,
skálleikr He›ins reikar, game of the bowl of He›inn’s head, i. e.
of the helmet v83/8
reimu›r m. haunter, one who roams; or possibly ‘one who rises
high, giant’ (see Kock, NN 158); r. jƒtunheima = giant (ﬁjazi) v98/6
rein f. a strip of ground; ragna (gen. pl. of regin) rein = Bifrƒst;ragna reinvári (compound split by tmesis) = trusty one, reliable
defence or defender, of Bifrƒst, Heimdallr (see Gylf. chs 15, 27)v64/2; in kenning for sea, land of ships, Haka vƒgna rein v67/6(gen. with myrkbeins)reisa (st) wv. raise, build v269/3 (ok reisti parallel to skóp)
reist see rísta
reistr m. serpent (perhaps literally ‘s–thing twisted’; or ‘curved’,‘circular’, cf. reista wv. bend, curve, see Marold 1993, 301);
jar›ar r. = Midgard serpent v24/4 (after vi›; with ﬂaf›an)reka (rak) sv. drive 1/29, 6/29, v322/4, v345/4, 101/8, 9; impers.
with acc., s–thing drifts 46/26, 49/15; pp. rekit extended (of akenning with more than two determinants) 74/5 (cf. Háttatal 1/53,
2/11, 13, 8/29, 30)
rekja (rak›i) wv. unwind; md. stretch out, uncoil v42/2
rekkja f. bed 48/20
rekkr m. warrior, hero, champion, man (always pl.) v29/3, v192/3(acc. with ﬂrjóti), 105/19 (complement), 20 (complement), v439/5;
in kenning for giants, bekkrekkar jƒtuns v90/8 (separated by tmesis;
acc. with of beitti). Cf. Rekkar in Indexrekningr m. name for an ox v503/7 (‘driven’; cf. reka)
reksaumr m. driven (line of) nails (in a ship’s hull); ramr r. thefirmly-driven nails v134/2 (subj. of viknar)
remma (m›) wv. strengthen, extend v268/3 (pp. rem›an sik: extended
his power or rule; e–u over s–thing)rengr f. pl. ribs (of a ship), frames v498/2 (Falk 1912, 46)
renna (1) (rann) sv. run 21/30 ( fram at ﬂar er ahead to where); withacc. of what is travelled over 43/3 (er hann rann á on which he ranover); gallop (meira faster) 42/28 (with acc., over); flow 46/25

376

Skáldskaparmál(pres. p.), 46/35, 48/11 (rynni would have run); láta r. pour 3/20;
pp. runnit washed over, suffused, covered (e–u with s–thing)v127/4 (with brjóst). Cf. Rennandi in Index
renna (2) (nd) wv. glide 49/2; cause to slide (fram forward, towards
the serpent?—i. e. so as to come apart?) v47/2 (subj. is sei›r, cf.
note), 59/29 (understand honum, the ring)rennifleinn m. running shaft (in kenning for foot) 108/38
rétta (tt) wv. right, set upright 3/29
réttari m. adminstrator of justice 80/2
réttr (1) a. right, orthodox 5/33; proper, legitimate 80/4, 5; (ﬂat) er
rétt it is correct, normal, proper, (all) right 33/21, 40/14, 19, 25,
44/24, 78/18, 23, 79/15, 87/8, 9, 95/1, 105/18, 20, 108/8, 28 (erunderstood); réttu nafni with or by its normal name 107/14; n. as
adv. right, just v245/1 (with vi›; or with sjá, clearly, precisely,
truly); properly, correctly v395/3
réttr (2) m. (legal) right(s), status 80/9
rey›arkálfr m. young rorqual v489/5 (cf. JG 12)
rey›r f. (1) a kind of trout, Salmo alpinus, char or brook trout
v486/2. (2) rorqual (whale) v489/5 (KSk 17, LML 124; JG 10)
reykr m. smoke v370/4 (obj. of blása); pl., of columns of smoke
v371/2
reyna (d) wv. try, make trial of, put to the test, make use of 64/27;
i. e. have dealings with v381/3 (inf. with at, after betri); hold (acontest), push to a decisive outcome, fight out 21/11
reynir m. (1) rowan 25/20, 40/12, 64/26 (cf. reynir (2))
reynir m. (2) trier, user (cf. reyna) 40/11, (64/26); tester, i. e.
opponent, in kenning for ﬁórr, opponent of giants v210/3 (acc.
with á); one who is acquainted with, frequenter, in kenning for
giant, rock-dweller reyrar leggs r. v55/4 (dat. of respect with eyra)
reynirunnr m. rowan-bush 25/19
reyrr m. reed; reed-bed, in kenning for rock, reyrar leggr v55/4
reyrﬂvengr m. ‘reed(-bed)-thong’, serpent; in kenning for gold, rƒstreyrﬂvengs v201/4
rí›a (rei›) sv. ride v8/1, v63/1, v329/6 (pl.; the implied subj. is Áli
and A›ils); (with dat. of mount) 20/19, v19/1, v328/1, 5, v330/1;
with acc. of route, ride through or over 20/21, 47/20, 33, 48/1, 17;abs. move back and forth, wave about, be waved, be swung v236/4;
pres. p. in kenning for seafarers, men: rí›endr Ræfils foldviggs,
riders of the horse of Ræfill’s land v245/2 (subj. of megu sjá;
Kock, NN 959, takes it as vocative, and megu as indefinite, ‘one can’)ri›marr m. quivering, swaying, rocking, tossing horse, in kenningfor ships, r. Ró›a rastar v228/3 (subj. of hru›usk)
rif n. reef (in a sail), horizontal strip of sail which could be tied up

Glossary377

to shorten the sail (Falk 1912, 68–9) v498/1; in pl., the sail as awhole (cf. Foote 1984b, 235) v134/4 (obj. of hrindr)rifa (a›) wv. stitch (saman up) 43/6, 9, 10
rífa (reif) sv. tear 43/9 (impers.; ór prep. or adv.?—‘it tore (the lips)
away from the holes’? or ‘it tore out the holes’, dat. obj.)
rifja (ja›) wv. rake, spread out 43/9 t. n.
rifjungr m. sword-name, ‘tearer’ or ‘rib-piercer’ v457/4
ríki n. kingdom 6/29, 49/30, 72/5, 99/30; area of rule, realm 80/5;
power, rule v306/1 (obj. of magna)ríkismál n. pl. power-talk, political talk; stála r. the power-talk of
weapons, i. e. warfare v119/4 (instr. with teygja; the earl wooed
Norway with battle as his conversation)
ríkmenni n. powerful, magnificent or rich person 106/15
ríkr a. powerful, magnificent v149/5 (with mótvaldr); i. e. irresistible,
unalterable, unstoppable v117/4; mighty v398 n.; rich 106/4; asnickname hinn ríki the great 49/21, v212/3, 101/18; great v269/3(with Kristr); comp. ríkri e–m mightier than s–one v74/6 (withgar›venju›r, i. e. ﬁórr); sup. greatest 51/35, 59/31, very rich or
powerful 107/34
rimi m. strip of land, low ridge v502/7
rimma f. quarrel, conflict v449/2
rísa (reis) sv. rise (from sleep) v20/2 (inf. with hug›umk), 6; lift
(intrans.), be lifted v129/1
risi m. giant v85/8 (gen. with kvánar), v170/2 (gen. with gar›)rist f. instep 108/38, 109/2
rísta (reist) sv. cut v133/7, 47/23, v353/3 (with suffixed 2nd pers. pron.)ristill m. poetical word for a woman 107/33, v438/6 (cf. Rígsﬂula 25)
ristubrag› n. carved or incised sign, symbol for carving 21/24 (seenote)
rít f. shield (with an engraved decoration) v239/2, v469/7
rita (a›) wv. write 11/26, 14/13, 18/1, 14, 19/10, 20/18, 36/8, 41/4,
63/16, 64/26, 69/5, 73/31, 75/16, 85/13 (‘written down’), 90/1,
92/26, 93/13, 95/7, 101/8, 105/21, 108/1 (‘written down’), v411/2
t. n., v412 t. n.; at 78/22 and 95/9 there is lack of concord of the
pp. with the subj., unless the verb phrase is to be taken as impers.
(at 95/9 ritat is emended to ritot (i. e. ritu›) in SnE 1931, 175)
riti m. ‘scratcher’, name for a bear 88/7
rjó›a (rau›, ro›inn) sv. redden (with blood; to redden the sword
etc. is to fight battles) v173/8, v187/2, v233/1, v279/1 (á on, inbattle against), v320/2, v323/3, v339/1 (subj. unexpressed or in
the unquoted earlier part of the verse), v340/3, v402/4 (inf. withré›); md. be reddened, stained red v230/3 (inf. with ver›a, seenote), v374/1; pp. painted red v391/1

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rjúfa (rauf) sv. break apart, break open, shatter, destroy (inf. withnam) v49/4; md. be broken, split, riven v403/3
ró (1) f. clinch-plate, a small metal plate through which a clinch-nailor rivet is passed and over or round which it is then hammeredv498/1 (rá f. yard in AB); pl. rœr v500/3 (Falk 1912, 50; LK 120)ró (2) = eru v159/5, 89/7, 92/25, 97/15, 106/24, 25
róa (reri/røri, róinn) sv. row, go out in a boat 2/13, 3/27, v30/1
t. n.; pp. húfi róinn rowed over by hulls v120/3 (with botni)
rofa see rufa (cf. Introduction p. liv)
róg n. strife v449/5; at rógi in order to (or so as to) bring about strifev202/1 (e–m for s–one); cause of strife, in kenning for gold, r.
Niflunga v190/6 (see ch. 42)
rógmálmr m. strife-metal (metal which causes strife), kenning forgold 46/6
rógsk‡ n. ‘strife-cloud’, shield, in kenning for battle, rógsk‡ja regn v213/3
roka f. gust of wind v125/4 (pl., subj. (obj. NN 2989H) of ófu okteyg›u)róma f. tumult, (clash of) battle v449/5; r. Hárs kenning for battle
v223/2 (dat. in battle? or gen. with skúrir or with serkir? Kock,NN 412, takes it with sómmi›jungum, q. v.; it is less likely to be
Hárr rómu, kenning for warrior, gen. with skúrir)rómr m. the sound of the voice 109/7
rósta f. tumult, uproar, battle v154/5
rostungr m. walrus v489/7 (KSk 29, LML 140; JG 13). Cf. hrosshvalr
rota f. rainstorm, heavy shower of rain 67/28
rufa (v. l. rofa) f. ‘broken, i. e. ploughed’, word for land v501/1
rúm n. rowing-position, station (on a ship) v355/4 (phrase goeswith vér sextán)
rúmbyggvir m. ‘space-dweller’, in kenning for giants, áss hau›rs r.
dwellers in the spaces of the mountains, in caves v80/6 n. (gen.
with nau›ar)
rún f. secret; pl. secret language, hidden lore (secret writing?) 3/7, 9
rúna f. confidante 108/5
runi m. boar 90/15, v513/3
rúni m. confidant, sharer of secrets 81/11, 107/21, v444/7; i. e.
friend (grams r. = Earl Hákon; cf. spjalli) v288/1; i. e. husband
v46/1 (Sifjar r. = ﬁórr; subj. of bjó); trjónu trƒlls of r., Mjƒllnir’s
friend, i. e. ﬁórr v68/7 (with frá hƒr›um); ﬁórs of r. = Loki v99/5
runkykvir m. pl. ones lively in running, swift runners, in kenningfor the giantesses Gjálp and Greip (or perhaps for giants), hau›rs
áss r. v80/6 (gen. with nau›ar; see note); ‘enliveners of the runningstream’ (DD)runnr m. bush; = tree in kenning for man, runnr gunnar v202/2

Glossary379(refers to ﬁorsteinn Egilsson, Helga the fair’s father), unnd‡rs r.
v229/2 (dat. of respect with skyrtum, i. e. onto their mail-coats),
hlunnvitnis r. (ﬁorsteinn ?Snorrason) v264/2 (dat. with hollr); as
half-kenning for men in kenning for ruler, ƒlskakki runna ‘men’sale-dispenser’ v155/6 (Kock, NN 1003, suggests runna at hƒf›i =at his warriors’ head)ry› n. rust, in kenning for whetstone, ry›s hœlibƒl v71/4
ry›ja (ruddi) wv. clear, clear up (inf. in order to, or parallel to rísa;
fyrir in preparation to receive) v20/3; r. til win, fight to gain (e–mfor s–one) v255/1
r‡gr f. powerful woman, lady v202/1 (refers to Helga the fair),
107/33, v438/5. Cf. Index
rymr m. (low) roaring noise 109/8
rynni see renna (1)r‡rir m. diminisher, i. e. one who gives away, in kenning for generous
man, seima r. (with á: in him or from his actions) v195/1, brimlogsr. (Magnús gó›i) v352/3 (obj. of báru)
ræf n. roof; in kenning for shield(-wall), Ró›a r. v146/3 (gen. with
ramsvell; usually ræfr (so U and T; cf. verse 232), but cf. ráf n.)ræfr n. roof 25/23, 67/19; in kenning for shield(-wall), Ró›a r.
68/28, v232/3 (cf. ræf)ræfrviti m. ‘roof-beacon, -fire’, in kenning for sword, r. Reifnis, theflame of Reifnir’s roof (i. e. of the shield(-wall)) v187/1 (obj.
of rau›)rækja (kt) wv. drive away, reject v360/4ræsina›r (rs) m. splendid (rushing?) serpent, dragon-ship v345/3(obj. of rak; perhaps with lagar tanna vébrautar, splendid serpentof the sacred road of the sea’s teeth, i. e. of the sea)ræsir m. ruler v192/3 (Haraldr blátƒnn?), v370/3 (Magnús gó›i),v391/1 (King Eiríkr); r. hás heimtjalds i. e. God v112/1; one who
sets in motion, impeller, in kenning for war-leader, r. brodda
fer›ar v239/1 (Knútr inn ríki; subj. of sér). See Indexrœ›i n. oar 108/17
rœgjandi m. (pres. p.) accuser, calumniator 20/5
rœkilundr m. ‘tending, cultivating grove or tree’, in kenning for
war-leader, r. randfárs, one who cultivates, wields, the sword
v212/3 (refers to Earl Hákon)rƒ› f. a kind of ship v492/6
rƒdd f. voice 40/28, 44/28, 45/2, 109/7, 12; speech 46/37; in kenningfor gold, r. Ála vaztundirkúlu v150/2 (dat. with verstan)rƒ›r, r›r see rø›rrƒ›ull m. wheel, disk, i. e. sun 85/19, v517/4; acc. or gen. pl. -rƒ›lav150/2 t. n.

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rƒf f. amber 63/14 (perhaps pl. of raf n., but the f. word is used in
Háttatal 26 and 44)
rƒgn n. pl. ruling powers, a name for the heathen gods 84/29,
v306/2 (acc. with kve› ek). Cf. reginrƒnd f. rim, border (of a shield or of the boss of a shield; perhaps
sometimes the boss itself, cf. 70/5 and baugr) 67/23 (Falk 1914,
140); by synecdoche for shield v213/1 (obj. of leggja saman),v297/3 (und randir = in battle); in kenning for axe (or sword),randa(r) íss 70/29, v244/2; in kennings for shield, randa íss v68/2(subj. of fló), randar botn v158/2, randar hólmr (the shield on
which Hrungir stood; perhaps descriptive genitive, the island formedby the shield) v69/4; a word for land v501/4
rƒst f. (1) an indefinite unit of distance roughly equivalent to aleague 21/20; = land, i. e. dwelling-place, in kenning for gold,
reyrﬂvengs r. v201/3 (gen. with selju); in kennings for sea, Ró›ar. v228/4 (gen. with ri›marar), Gylfa r. v259/3 (gen. with Glaumi),
for mountains, r. glamma stƒ›var land of the wolf’s haunt v82/4(gen. with (djúp)falli)rƒst f. (2) current (in the sea), whirlpool v475/8; in kennings forship, vetrli›i rastar v260/2, bjƒrn rasta 75/14
rƒst f. (3) a kind of ship v492/5
rø›r (or rƒ›r, r›r; see ÁBM) m. boar v513/6
røkkvihli›r m. ox-name (‘dark-sided’; or two names, røkkvi m.
‘dark’, and hli›r, q. v.) v503/8. Cf. Hli›r in Index
røkr n. dusk v213/1 (r. ƒndurt at the beginning of dusk, acc. of time)sá (1) (søri) sv. sow (as corn), strew 59/23, v186/1 (the seed in dat.,
field in acc.; i. e. cover, adorn s–thing with s–thing)sá (2) pron. demonstrative 78/17 (sá . . . er the one who)sá› n. seed, grain 40/30, 59/32; = ale, in kenning for (the mead of)poetry, Sónar s. v36/4 (subj. of grœr; Frank, 1978, 96–7, suggests
it may be or›a sá›, ‘seed of words’); in kenning for gold (i. e. agold object), Fró›a fóstr-sá› (tmesis) v147/5 (gen. obj. of unni;
Kock, NN 956, takes Fró›a sá› as the kenning for gold and fóstrwith gœ›andi, see fóstrsa›r a. = sannrsá›tí› f. ‘sowing-time’, = gaukmánu›r 99/19
saga f. story (til e–s about s–thing, explaining (the origin of) s–thing)
4/8, 5/29, 17/30, 22/33, 25/35, 30/22, 40/32, 41/7, 47/20, 50/27,
v158/4 (gen. pl. with fjƒl›; i. e. the stories depicted on the shield),
51/29, v176/8, 72/2, 72/31, 109/4
saka (a›) wv. harm 50/21; impers. e–n sakar one is harmed 50/19
sakna (a›) wv. miss, find (e–s s–thing, s–one) gone 2/15

Glossary

381

salbendingr m. shield-name (perhaps ‘hall-binder’ or ‘-bound’, referringto the practice of hanging shields round the walls of a hall) v469/2
salgar›r m. sword-name, ‘hall-fence’ (either metaphorical, or referringto hanging the swords on the wall) v454/8
salpenningr m. ‘hall-penny’, in kenning for shield, Svƒlnis s., penny(-like object) of (i. e. on) Ó›inn’s hall (Valhƒll was roofed withshields (Gylf. ch. 2) v253/2 (dat. with á)
salr m. hall 5/37, 47/31, v165/4, v375/2 (obj. of feldi); in kennings
for sky, hall of the sea v17/2 (gen. with valdi), hall of the mountains
v115/2 (obj. of verr, parallel to jƒr›); for a cave, dwelling ofGeirrø›r: hallvallar s. v86/4 (gen. with tró›i); í einn sal into thesame hall (resting-place? grave?—the poet may have been describing
a dream; Ólafur Halldórsson (1969, 155) takes Dvalins s. to mean
steinn, i. e. a cave) v29/4; pl. Sigt‡s salir perhaps means Valhƒll
v142/3salt n. salt 52/18, 19; metonymy for sea: 92/26, 94/10, v352/1 (obj.
of skar), v475/2
saltr a. salty 52/21, v201/2 (with svalteigar)
salvani›r a. hall-accustomed, hall-frequenting, -visiting; as subst.
in kenning for giant, s. arin-Synjar who frequents a giantess’s
dwelling (i. e. cave), cave-dweller v90/3 (as first half of compoundseparated by tmesis, salvani›-bauti; see note and cf. gar›venju›r,though that word refers to ﬁórr)salﬂak n. ‘earth’s roof’, the sky v79/8 (gen. with vaxa til, up to; salr
= earth, cf. Vƒluspá 4)sama (›) wv. impers. with dat. befit, be proper (for s–one) 40/18
saman adv. together v231/2; bera s. amass v187/4 (see bera (2));
leggja saman bring into collision together v213/2; as well, alongwith them v445/6, v509/4; s. eigu heitit have the same designation,
share the same appellation, are homonyms 109/21; ƒll saman all
together, of every kind (or ‘the following list includes names for
all kinds of weapons’? heita saman = have the same name(s)?)
v468/2samheiti n. homonym, a word having the same sound but different
meaning 63/15
sami m. ‘the unchanging, peaceful one’, euphemism for the sea v475/7
sámleitr a. dark-looking, grey (of a wolf) v339/1 (with faxa)
samna›r m. gathering, assembly 107/8, v443/7
samnagli m. rivet, double stud (on a sword) v462/2; in kenning forswords, samnagla siglur v236/3
samnrof n. gathered line? breaking up of a crowd (safn)? 107/8 t. n.
samr a. same 6/19; n. as adv. slíkt sama similarly 1/10, 109/21; itsama likewise, also v435/6

382

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sámr a. dark (in skin), swarthy v58/7
samrá›a adv. by common accord (i. e. on the part of their opponents)
v156/6sandhverfa f. turbot v487/5
sandlægja f. a kind of whale; perhaps = sandæta, bottle-nosed
whale, or the same as sandrey›r, sei whale (cf. JG 9, 36; not inKSk) v490/6
sandr m. sand v9/1, 36/29, v502/8; at sandi i. e. on the sea-bed
v42/4; á sandi i. e. on the shore v252/2 (with hƒ›)sanndyggr a. truly virtuous (with jƒfurs) v398 n.
sannkenning f. true description, a description (of a person) in termsof their qualities or essence 107/13, 26
sannr, sa›r (n. satt) a. true 6/17, v114/1, v139/4 (with í›ir), 59/12,
v271/3 (with d‡r›; Kock, NN 2546, reads sannr (with sólkonungr)which also provides a more regular rhyme), v272/4 (with mátt,i. e. truly glorious works; if the ok before sannan is not redundant,
it links the second two lines with the first two); n. as subst. 25/1
sannreynir m. ‘true trier’, i. e. friend (cf. reynir (2) and reyna; ‘one
who has proved s–one true or has proved true to s–one’?), v292/2(gen. with sonr, s. Haralds = Sigur›r Hákonarson or his father
Hákon Grjótgar›sson, see note), 82/6
sannyndi n. pl. truth, truthfulness 5/31
sannyr›i n. pl. true language, in kenning for battle, s. sver›a v10/1(instr.)sár (1) n. wound 48/26, 72/20, v318/3 (with á, see eiga), v323/2; inkenning for ﬁórr, sára rei›it‡r god who is a giver of wounds v71/2(see under rei›it‡r)sár (2) m. vessel, tub, vat; in kenning for bed, gólfhƒlkvis s. v156/2(obj. of ger›u gyr›an)sárr a. wounded; ok ﬂó s. in spite of being wounded, woundedthough he was 6/8; sore, serious v338/2 (with undir)sau›r m. sheep 90/14
saumfƒr f. line of nails in a ship’s planking v495/3 (Falk 1912, 50)
saumr m. (ship’s) nails (collective) v156/4 (gen. with annvanar;
see note), v496/4 (Falk 1912, 50)
saurnir m. ‘dirty one’, shield-name v470/6
sé›ir see s‡ja (2)se›r adv. (= senn) straight away; gekk se›r sundr was on the pointof splitting open v66/7
sefa (a›) wv. slake, appease 6/11
sef-Grímnir m. ‘rush-Grímnir’, kenning for giant (perhaps a proper
name (cf. Hávamál 96!); DD reads sef-Grísnis, ‘Sedge-Grinner’s’;
cf. hrísgrísnir); sef-Grímnis mágar = giants v76/8

Glossary383

sefi m. mind; love 108/27
sefrein f. ‘rush-, sedge-land’, meadow; in kenning for tongue, s.
or›a (or mind-land of words = breast) v36/3 (oss = our, my).
Frank 1978, 96–7, suggests it may be sefrein sónar ‘spiritual landof reconciliation’ = heart or breast.
seggr m. man, warrior v219/2, v312/4 (subj. of verja), 106/6, v439/6;
pl. people as indefinite subj. v38/1, v398 n.; human beings v116/3(obj. of skiptir)
segi m. piece, morsel, lump; s. tangar tongs-morsel, lump of ironv87/6 (dat. with laust)
segja (sag›i) wv. say, tell v22/1, v439/1, v472/2; i. e. in verse 6/31,
v1/1, 101/24; with suffixed pron. segik I tell, relate v158/1; skals. shall be told 20/17, v503/1; impers. it says 22/34, 43/28, 60/19;
sagt er at var is said to have been 95/2; svá er sagt it is said, told
45/3; sagt er ﬂat so it is said v221/2; pp. sagt i. e. written 8/23,
20/18; utter (a decision) 42/19; s. frá relate 6/1, tell about 46/7; s.
til tell, give information about 46/23; with inf. understood, s. e–me–t enn sunnan tell s–one that there is still s–thing in the south
v257/2; pres. p. segjandi commander, director, leader v93/1, v341/1(dat. pl. with at móti)segl n. sail 39/15, 42/24, v495/1; in kennings for shield, Hildar s.
v222/3 (acc. with lætr, subj. of taka), Hlakkar s. v247/3, s. naglfara
v156/3 (gen. with siglur; cf. note)
seglrei›i n. or m. sail-rigging 39/15
sei›r m. (1) coalfish, saithe (= ufsi) v486/1; in kenning for Midgard
serpent, s. jar›ar v47/2 (subj. of brá vi›). Kock, NN 1412F, takes
sei›r in the kenning to be a word that means band or string, butsuch a word is doubtful (ÁBM). Cf. endisei›r
sei›r m. (2) sorcery, divination v93/8 t. n.
seil f. band, strap v81/3 (with á, on to)seimr m. gold (thread); in kenning for generous man, seima r‡rir
v195/1seimƒrr a. liberal with gold (thread), generous with gifts v139/2(with sigrgœ›ir)
seinfyrndr a. (pp.) unforgettable, imperishable (‘slow to decay’)v41/4 (with skip (pl.))sékkat 1st pers. pres. of sjá (2) with suffixed pronoun and suffixedneg., I cannot see v416/7
selja (1) (ld) wv. sell 4/13; give, guarantee (e–m e–t) 21/2; serve40/17; s. e–m í hendr hand over to s–one 49/22
selja (2) f. dealer, server 40/19; giver 63/8, 15 (cf. selja (3)); in
kenning for woman, giver of gold (according to Snorri; thoughoriginally probably understood as ‘willow of gold (ornaments)’384

Skáldskaparmál(selja (3); see notes to 40/12 and 63/15–17): s. reyrﬂvengs rastar
v201/1 (obj. of mun muna)selja (3) f. (goat) willow 40/20. See also under selja (2)selmánu›r m. ‘shieling-month’, when cattle are kept at a shieling,= sólmánu›r 99/20
selr m. seal (sea-animal) 19/17
sem conj. as, like v115/1, v255/1, v307/4; as well as v155/4, v270/2,
v302/2; so far that v182/4
semja (sam›i) wv. put together, create, plan, with suffixed neg.
v49/1 (or ‘reconcile’, see hjarta); organise, bring about: s. hildi v304/3
senda (nd) wv. send v7/2, 45/21, 49/21, 28, v274/1, v407/1; inf. at
s. after á ek til v41/3; s. aptr expel backwards 5/4; pp. sent
conveyed (on the shield; U has s‡nt, shown) v24/1
sendima›r m. person sent, envoy, messenger 24/25
sendir m. sender, one who sends, distributes; in kenning for generous
man, distributor of gold v315/2 (refers to the poet’s dead son¯gmundr; dat. (or acc.?) after vi›)senjór m. lord (cf. Latin senior ‘elder’; this form not found elsewhere;
see sinnjór) 100/18
senn adv. at once, (all, al-)together v355/1, 101/19
senna (1) (nt) wv. wrangle 41/2
senna (2) f. wrangle 109/4
sér pron. reflexive dat.; ﬂessi nƒfn eru sér: these names form aseparate group 108/30
serkr m. vest, shirt 67/18, 68/8; coat, skin, form v220/3; í serk sér
inside one’s shirt 42/35; sigbjarka s. = coat of mail v223/1 (subj.
of hlé›ut)
serlar m. pl. warriors v445/4
sess n. seat; throne v409/4 (obj. of helt); rowing bench v495/8 (Falk1912, 72: perhaps denoted a seat extending only part of the way
across the boat)
sessi m. table-companion (bench-mate; perhaps sometimes could
mean on board ship?) 19/33, 20/2, 81/11, 107/21, v445/3; ﬂengils
s. = Earl ﬁorfinnr v290/3 (gen. with enda; ﬂess presumably goeswith sessa, unless of governs sessa and enda is adv.)
sessunautr m. table-companion (bench-mate; cf. sessi) 107/21, v448/1
set n. bench, platform (for sitting on) v155/1
sét pp. of sjá (2)seta f. occupation (by an army), garrison 106/38, v443/8
setberg n. flat-topped mountain (cf. Gylf. 43/4–5) v169/8; moor,
heath; in kenning for giants, setbergs bƒnd v268/1 (Kock, NN
470, takes setbergs Su›ra (q. v. in Index) as a kenning for Christ(‘Su›ri of the rock sepulchre’) and the object of kve›a)Glossary385

setja (tt) wv. set, put 3/36, 5/2; place, push (down; fyrir against)
v78/2 (implied subj. is the Æsir); use, make use of 103/18, 109/19;
establish 3/13; appoint 79/30, 80/2; construct, arrange 5/19; er nú
svá sett the practice has now developed 41/9; s. upp stand (s–thing)up 45/36; s. út extend 41/13, 16; s. e–t vi› e–m oppose s–thing tos–one v224/2 (inf.; the main verb is in the unquoted lines); md. sit
down, take one’s place 1/8, 40/38, 42/19, 46/29; alight 1/27, 24/24,
v93/5; settle 42/4, 8; establish o–self 6/29; set (of the sun) 99/15
setning f. arrangement; rule 83/13 (‘the rule for poetry without
periphrasis’); 1/1 t. n.; cf. Háttatal
setr n. seat, dwelling; Ymsa kindar s. = Jƒtunheimar v74/8 (gen.
with gƒr›isk til; or I›ja setrs may be gen. of direction if til goeswith Ymsa kindar); in kenning for sea, flausta s. v381/4 (acc. afterof; ‘east and south across the sea’, i. e. to the east and south of thesea); Gauta setr = Ásgar›r v80/3 (gen. with víkingar)
sétti a. sixth v516/14
sextán num. sixteen; vér s. sixteen of us v355/2 (senn altogether or
all together)sey›ir m. cooking-pit, earth oven 1/19, 20 (a fire was lit in a pit andcovered with earth or ashes, the meat put on top and the whole
covered with earth), v93/8 (phrase goes with Æsir báru)
sía f. molten or glowing lump (of metal) 25/31, 32, v88/4 (gen. withlyptisylg, ‘consisting of’)sí› adv. late 22/11, 72/18, v265/2, 83/16; i. e. it takes a long time forv1/2 (i. e. it will never?); as subst. (f.) um sí›ir in the end, eventuallyv410/3sí›a (sei›) sv. use magic; s. til win (as a mistress) by using magic v12/4
sí›an adv. then, afterwards 6/28, v83/1, v97/1, v100/8, v103/1,
v116/3, v118/1 (with lukusk or átti; cf. NN 318), v135/2 (perhaps
with ve›r rather than with kemr; cf. NN 771), v139/1, 47/17,
v171/1, v259/5, v371/3; since then 19/13, 21/24, 41/14, 48/36,
101/23; ever after 46/5; á›r ok s. early and late v343/2
sí›arst adv. sup. last 2/7, 8, v427/7
sí›la adv. late 99/7
sí›r adv. less; eigi s. no less, and likewise 36/28; s. en eigi less thannot, not at all, by no means v369/1
sí›skeggr a. long-bearded 19/21
sifjungr m. relation by marriage, affinitive 107/20, v448/2
sifuni a. bound together by friendship v83/1 (with li›hatar, i. e.
ﬁórr and ﬁjálfi). DD emends to strí›vana ‘free from distress’
sig n. battle v449/8
síga (seig) sv. sink; láta sígask let o–self drop 1/27, v95/6, pusho–self downwards 25/24

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sigbjƒrk f. ‘battle-birch’, kenning for warrior v223/1 (gen. pl. with
serkir; it is unusual to use a f. tree-name in a kenning for man, see
40/13; cf. birki)
sig›ir m. sword-name, ‘scythe, sickle’ v459/5; in kenning for shield,
sig›is látr v195/2
sig›r m. scythe v451/7; Gauts s. = sword v333/3 (obj. of berr)
sigla (1) (gld) wv. sail 72/7, 8
sigla (2) f. mast 109/3 (complement), v495/1; in kenning for swords,
samnagla s. v236/3; for warriors (Jƒrmunrekkr’s men), segls naglfara
siglur v156/3 (subj. of standa; the men’s shields perceived as
sails; cf. note)siglutoppr m. top (section) of mast v496/5 (Falk 1912, 59; LK 199)
siglutré n. (the piece of wood forming the) mast (of a ship) 75/4
(subj.), v496/3 (Falk 1912, 55)
sigr m. victory 21/17, v90/4 (obj. of hlaut), 72/21, v379/3 (dat. withsviptr)sigrakkr a. battle-bold v258/3 (with mƒgr)sigrgœ›ir m. victory-, battle-enhancer, -promoter, war-leader, ruler(King Sverrir?) v139/1
sigrhno› n. ‘victory-rivet’, fastening at the top of a sword-hilt v462/3
sigrunnr m. victory-tree or battle-tree, Ó›inn v14/1 (dat. with fylgja)
sík n. ditch, canal v477/4
siklingr m. ruler (lit. descendant of Sigi, Siggi or Sigarr; cf. Siklingar
in Index) v405/1 (Haraldr har›rá›i); siklinga konr = descendantof kings, i. e. king (Haraldr har›rá›i?) v404/1. Cf. Ynglingatal 1,
Hkr I 26
síkr m. houting (a kind of fish) v486/3
sikulgjƒr› f. perhaps a rope passed from the centre of the yard down
the front of the sail and tied to the ship’s side to reduce theamount of sail affected by the wind (see Falk 1912, 66–7) v495/6(cf. kalreip); sword-belt (or baldric?—see Falk 1914, 37), in
kenning for sword, sikulgjar›ar íss v348/2
síl n. young, newly hatched fish; or sand-eel v486/2
síld f. herring v486/1
silfr n. silver 49/6, 60/12, 61/12, 14 (probably the complement; cf. 61/16)
sílungr m. trout v487/3
sílægja f. ‘ever lying (still)’, a name (euphemism) to flatter the sea v475/1
simblir m. drinker? in kenning for giant, s. sumbls v52/3 (= ﬁrymr,
which as a common noun means crash, here = thunder (ofljóst),dat. with or from thundering; see note). Kock (NN 220, reads
simbla = simla adv. ‘always’ with mærum, see mærr)simi m. (1) (or sími) name for the sea (‘ship’s wake’?) v476/2
simi m. (2) an ox v503/5

Glossary387

simir m. an ox v504/1
simull m. an ox v504/4
sinn n. time 48/9, 72/19; at sinni on this occasion, for the moment
1/37 (see note); annat s. a second time, 4/32, secondly, in thesecond place 78/11; einu sinni on one occasion 25/27 n.; í sinn atonce, at this moment 99/7
sinna (1) (nt) wv. travel, go; s. me› accompany, go to join thecompany of v251/7 (inf. with etti at; to join Hel’s company is to die)sinna (2) gen. pl. of sinn, poss. a. 1/37
sinni m. companion 17/30, 19/30, 33, 20/2
sinnir m. friend, companion, helper, protector, in kenning for ﬁórr,‡ta s. v81/1
sinnjór m. lord (Latin senior ‘elder’, probably adopted via Old
French seignor, senior, signor; SnE 1848–87, II 469; cf. senjór)
100/18, 105/15; s. Nóregs i. e. Magnús gó›i v386/4 (vocative)
sitja (sat, sátu, setit) sv. sit 25/22, v151/1, 49/11, v301/4; subjunc.
siti hann let him sit v163/5; s. at e–u sit doing s–thing 49/33;
reside 47/31; have one’s seat, throne v268/1; impers. pass. ‘while
they were sitting’ 1/7
sjá (1) 1st pers. sg. subjunc. of vera v15/4
sjá (2) (sá, sét) sv. see 1/18, 21/30, v245/1, v294/1; foresee v179/4;
sé ek I can see v92/5, v177/1 (with acc. and inf.), v349/3 (withacc. and pp.), v368/1 (with acc. and pp.); impers. sér one can see,it can be seen (that) v195/1 (cf. gla›sendir), of sér er one can see
how v65/1; imp. sé 22/11; with suffixed 1st pers. pron. and neg.
sékkat I cannot see v416/7; with acc. and inf. v79/1, 58/15, v239/1;
look 3/32 (p. subjunc. sæi after ef ), 24/24; s. e–u til e–s look withs–thing at s–one (eye s–one in a certain way) 21/3; s. upp á lookup at 58/9; pp. sét seen 2/8, 21/33; md. at sjásk ﬂar um to lookaround there 1/12
sjá (3) pron. demonstrative this 4/8, v206/3
sjafni m. mind, love 108/27
sjágnípa f. sea-crest, high wave; in kenning for ship, sjágnípu
Sleipnir v127/1
sjaldan adv. seldom, infrequently v370/1 (litotes: i. e. he frequently
kindles fires)sjálflopta a. in the air of his own accord, i. e. flying v81/4 (with ﬁjálfi)sjálfr pron. a. self; herself (with Go›rún) v59/1; itself v375/4;
sjálfum to himself or to the man (men) himself (themselves): thecontext of the verse is not known v22/2; mér sjálfum i. e. to (for)the poet v186/8 (dat. of advantage or respect with kálfur, i. e. onto
his arms; parallel to inndrótt in the first half of the verse); sjálfar
ourselves v169/7

388

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sjálfsást f. self-love 108/27 t. n.
sjálútr a. sea-bowing, sea-dipping, tossing in the sea v404/2
sjár m. sea v106/4, v148/4 (gen. with skála; i. e. by the sea), v282/1(obj. of sótti), v361/1, v362/3 (subj. of fell); in kenning for poetry,s. dverganna 14/10; for land, 35/21. See sær, sjór
sjó›a (sau›, so›it) sv. cook 1/19; pp. afli so›inn heated (made redhot, molten, melted) in a forge v87/7 (with sega)
sjó›r m. purse 61/13; in kenning for silver, sjó›s snær v193/3
sjón f. sight 108/10, 14. Cf. s‡nsjónhverfingar f. pl. optical illusions, magical deceptions, false
appearances 1/5 (understand váru, were)sjór m. sea 49/14, v365/4, v475 t. n.; cf. sjár, særsjƒt n. pl. dwelling v379/3 (or sjót f. or n. ‘band of men’); mannas. i. e. earth v110/3
sjƒt-Rungnir m. ‘dwelling-R.’, in kenning for troll-wife v300a/2(unexplained; Kock, NN 1095B, reads tungls sjƒthrungni, troll,i. e. destroyer, of the moon’s dwelling)sjƒtull m. that which settles, calmer, in kenning for the mill Grotti,
dólgs s. creator of peace v174/7 (obj. of drƒgum)ska›ama›r m. injurer, one who does harm to one 107/23
ska›i m. damager 39/14
skafa (skóf, skafinn) sv. scrape, shave v104/1 (understand them,i. e. skƒpt, making shavings to start a fire); impers. skefr, of thesea (hvalmœni, acc.), spray rises from v124/3; smooth, as with aplane v359/1 (pp. with st‡ri), (of polishing verse) v203/2 (pp.
with ek hefi)
skafl m. (snow)drift; jar›ar s. = mountain v80/7 (gen. with hrƒnn)skafningr m. ‘polished’, name for sword-blade (cf. Skƒfnungr inIndex) v461/5
skaka (skók) sv. shake v247/1
skál f. cup, bowl 20/31; in kenning for woman, mƒrk skála v203/3;
pl. scales (for weighing precious metals) in kenning for silver,skála(nna) snær v194/6, 62/9
skálaglamm n. ‘scales-tinkle’; as a nickname 10/3, 11/30, 12/5,
13/10, 61/22, 62/19, 67/6, 68/3, 71/16, 83/8, 84/29, 91/4 (seeJómsvíkinga saga 1962, 33–4; the reference may originally havebeen to the scales used to measure the amount of reward for a poem)
skáld, skald (in some verses, e. g. v4/2, v143/4, v149/6, v257/2, thevowel would probably have been short when the verses werespoken aloud; cf. Noreen § 127.1) n. poet 3/23, 5/25, v4/2 (thepoet of this verse), 11/25, 40/12, 41/12, v143/4 (dat. of respectwith fjƒllum, i. e. on their arms, as arm-rings), v149/6 (dat. ofadvantage; refers to the maker of the verse), 50/27, v257/2 (i. e.

Glossary389

the speaker; dat. with segir), 76/25 (forn s., ancient poets), v300b/1(perhaps the complement rather than the subj., NN 1005A), 300b/8,
v302/3 (i. e. the speaker; gen. with ó›r), 105/18; as nickname
14/30, 34/18, 41/17, 44/29, 50/21, 69/29, 72/31
skalda f. a kind of boat propelled by a pole (Falk 1912, 90) v494/6
skáldaspillir m. ‘destroyer of poets’ or ‘spoiler of poets’ (i. e. plagiarist?)
7/15, 18/22, 35/22, 43/12, 59/33, 71/26, 78/25, 84/19 t. n.
skáldfífl n. rhymester, poetaster 5/5
skáldskaparheiti n. poetical term 85/14
skáldskaparmál n. poetic language, the language of poetry 1/1 t. n.,
5/15. This is identified in law texts as using words with different
meanings from their everyday ones, see Fritzner 1886–96, III 277askáldskapr m. poetry, the making of poems 1/1 t. n., 3/7, 11, 4/6,
5/7, 9, 26, 29, 6/37, 8/22, 11/25, 14/19, 78/18, 79/18, 26, 83/13,
14, 84/18 (subj.), 85/15, 103/18, 105/18, 21, 107/29, 109/19
skalgelmir (or skálgelmir) m. bow-name (both elements relating to
the noise made by the bow, ‘noise shouter’; or ‘that which makes
a noise in the hall’) v467/4
skálgi m. roach v486/4
skáli m. hall; heims s. = sky v136/2 (gen. with vafrlogi); s. sjávar
i. e. a building by the sea v148/2 (dat. with nálægt)skálkr m. sword-name; perhaps ‘servant’ or ‘strip’ v452/1 (cf. skólkr
and skelkvingr)
skálleikr m. ‘bowl-game’, in kenning for battle or fight, He›ins
reikar s. game of the bowl of He›inn’s (hair-)parting, helmetgame v83/8 (obj. of hæ›i)skálmƒld f. ‘time of swords’, warfare v397/2 (cf. Vƒluspá 45, Gylf. 49)
skálp n. noise, chatter 109/6
skammr a. short 42/36; n. as subst. skƒmmu for (only) a short time,
not for long v74/2; fyr óskƒmmu (ó- separated by tmesis) no shorttime ago, long ago v93/4, v341/4
skap n. character 108/31
skapa (a› or skóp; the strong form may originally have belonged tothe inf. skepja) wv. and sv. create, shape 3/16, v269/3, v270/1,
v437/2skapari m. creator 76/22
skap-Mó›i m. ‘creating-Mó›i’, in kenning for poet, ó›s s. v300b/6
skapsmi›r m. in kenning for poet, s. Vi›urs, Ó›inn’s mind-maker,
thought-smith, or Ó›inn’s creating- (or creation-) maker v300b/2(v. l. skapskí› n. (‘creating-ski’) does not give any sense unlessperhaps as a kenning, ‘plank that creates’?)skapt n. shaft, a long thin piece of wood (or ‘that which is shaved,
shaving’? cf. skafa) v104/2 (pl., subj. of hófu brinna)390

Skáldskaparmál

skaptsnƒr f. ‘shaft-quick’, arrow-name v465/8
skapttré n. shaft-wood, shaft-pole, part of the mill v181/5 (= mƒndull?
axle?)
skar›r m. sword-name, ‘notched’ v455/8
skarpr a. tough, hard v69/6; sharp v173/6; comp. n. as adv. more
tightly v178/6
skarr m. sword-name, ‘tumult’ v459/6
skart n. finery 107/31
skata f. skate (fish) v486/1
skati (pl. skatnar) m. (generous) man, prince 105/21, 23, 106/14(see Index; Háttatal, Egils saga 190, 265, Hyndluljó› 9; pl. (meaning‘men’) frequent in verse, see LP); s. Haddingja = Helgi (see Haddingjar in Index) v328/8 (ska›i in PE 161). Cf. au›skati (pl. -skatar)skattkonungr m. tributary king 79/15, 19, 20, 30
skattr m. treasure 49/5
skatyrnir m. ‘rich-wetter’ (?) a name for the sky 85/18. Cf. Indexskau› f. sheath; coward 106/12
skaun f. (or skaunn m.) shield v81/2 (gen. with seil; taken by DD
in the more general sense of defence, and skaunar seil to meanﬁórr’s megingjar›ir), v469/2
skaut n. sheet, lower corner of sail and/or the rope attached to it
v496/2 (Falk 1912, 64; OED sheet sb.2); by metonymy, sail v359/2(subj. of lék); skirt, edge v133/3 (út fyrir jar›ar skauti beyond theedge of the land, out at sea)skautbjƒrn m. ‘sheet-bear’, part of kenning for ship: Gusis nauta s.,
bear of the sheet of Gusir’s gifts, i. e. of the sail v363/4 (acc. afterá); see note and Gusir in Index
skautreip n. sheet-rope (see skaut) v495/4 (Falk 1912, 64)
skefr pres. of skafa
skegg n. beard 2/32, 19/22, v231/4 (instr. pl. with hjoggusk til),
108/19, 22 (obj. of [má] kenna)
skeggbragi m. ‘beard-Bragi’, ‘beard-chieftain’? 19/21 (cf. bragnar
m. pl. ‘men’ and Bragi, Bragnar in Index)
skeggja f. ‘bearded axe’, axe with a long lower point on the blade v463/3
skei› (1) n. stretch of ground; in kenning for sea, Glamma s. v363/3(acc. with œsisk fram, i. e. over); passage (in a poem) 18/1 (obj.
of hefir kve›it? or adv., ‘for a long time’); race, running: skei›ibrá›r swift in running (of a ship conceived as a horse) v254/7(with mar), or in kenning for sea, Reifnis s., see noteskei› (2) (pl. skei›(a)r) f. large longship (Falk 1912, 104–5; larger
than a snekkja) v302/3 (acc. with lét, parallel to snekkjur), v491/5;
pl. skei›r v410/2 (subj. of skulfu)
skei›a (a›) wv. sheathe; gallop v302/3 t. n.

Glossary

391

skei›klofi m. bow-legged, bandy-legged person 106/20 (see Blöndal
1920–24)skeina (d) wv. scratch, cut; md. for pass. er ﬂar skeinisk af which isscratched by it 72/20
skelfingr m. for skeljungr (T) or skelfiskr (AB) m. shellfish v487/3
skelfr pres. of skjálfa
skeljungr m. (1) humpback whale (KSk 16, LML 123; JG 9, 36)v490/3. (2) shellfish v487/3 t. n. (T; see skelfingr)
skelkvingr m. sword-name, ‘terrifier’ v457/1 (cf. skálkr and skólkr
and see LP skƒlkvingr; Orkneyinga saga 43)
skemta (mt) wv. with dat. entertain 24/22
skemtun f. entertainment 5/28
skenkja (nkt) wv. with dat. serve drink to, fill (s–one’s) cup 20/35,
21/3, 49/7 (with drink in acc., me› in, using)
skepja (skóp) sv. create; see skapa
sker n. skerry, rock covered at high water, reef 4/4, 36/29, 40/31,
108/18; góma sker, kenning for teeth, against which the streamsof poetry crash like water on rocks v37/3; skerja brú›ir = waves
v133/2 (Grotti skerja is taken by Kock, NN 572, to mean ‘breakers’);in kenning for the sea, skers glymfjƒturr v260/8
skera (skar, skáru, skorinn) sv. cut 48/37, v366/4; i. e. cut throughthe water v352/1, v359/1 (2nd pers. pl. in address to the king(Óláfr Haraldsson), ‘you cut’), v367/1; pp. engraved v245/3 (withdrekar)sker›a (›) wv. clip, cut (pieces out of), damage, make a hole in v356/3
sker›ingr m. sword-name, ‘cutter’ or ‘notched’ v457/2
sker›ir m. sword-name, ‘cutter, notcher (or notched)’ v458/6; Falk
(1914, 59) suggests a connection with the verse in Kormaks sagach. 11 (ÍF VIII 243) where the poet says he has brotit skar› ísker›um fetils ﬂrafna (broken a gap in a sword), but sker›um hereis probably pp. of sker›a)skerkir m. sword-name, ‘clanger’ v452/1 (cf. Index)
skeyti n. something shot, an arrow v466/2
skí› n. (long) piece of wood 59/10, ski 74/7, 76/6, 108/39; inkennings for ship, Meita útvers s. v265/2 (dat., on a ship, by ship;
the kenning is taken to be Meita s. in NN 550, see útver), vetrli›i
skí›a v363/3 (it is unusual for skí› to be the determinant rather
than the base-word of a kenning for ship)
skilfingr m. poetical word for king (from the name of a Swedish
dynasty, see Index; Hkr III 21) 105/10, v410/1 (Haraldr har›rá›i;vocative); sword-name (possession of a skilfingr?) v457/3 (Flb
III 1, ÍF XIII 454)
skilja (l›) wv. separate; understand 5/27, 46/37, 109/20, v516/9;

392

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distinguish, deduce 78/17; subjunc. (optative) skili hann let him
understand, apprehend, take (in a certain sense; til as for) 5/27;
md. part from one another 59/32; pp. skili›r parted v397/1 (vi› from)skilna›r m. parting 3/15
skilning f. reason, understanding 109/9
skimu›r m. goat-name, ‘one who keeps looking in different directions’v508/5skína (skein) sv. shine v143/1, v391/2 (inf. with láta)
skip n. ship 14/19 (subj.), v62/4, v128/4 (obj. of hrundit), v133/6(gen. with hlí›ar), 40/10, 14, 64/27, 74/7, v256/2 (gen. withbƒr›um), 75/15 (subj.), v353/2 (probably pl.), 95/1, 107/25, 109/13,
14, 16, v491/2, 5 and t. n., v495 t. n.; in kennings for poetry, skip
dverga 14/20, v41/2 (pl.), for sea 36/27, for mouth 108/17, forbreast 108/26, for shield, skipa sól v233/2 (gen. with leyg), Ullars. v236/2 (gen. with él)
skipa (a›) wv. with dat. arrange, order 100/1; construct (or withacc.; man? provide? fit out?) v62/3 (inf. with gengu at; skapa in PE)
skiprei›i n. or m. ship’s tackle 74/8
skipsól f. ‘ship-sun’, kenning for shield (as hung at side of ship) 69/5
skipta (pt) wv. with dat. share out 3/3, divide up v116/3, (i. e.
between you) v379/4 (inf. with ér knáttu›); s. me› divide between
46/11; exchange 47/36, s. aptr change back 48/6; md. skiptask vi›
deal with one another 4/14
skirja f. young cow, heifer v506/1
skírn f. baptism v267/2 (gen. with brunni)skírr (1) a. bright v62/5 (with Frey)skírr (2) m. ‘bright one’, shield-name v470/8
skjá›r m. wretch 106/12 t. n.
skjáfa f. a kind of axe v463/3 (v. l. (C) skjarfa, ‘that which bites or
gnaws, cutter’)skjal n. chat, babble 109/5
skjalda›r a. carrying a shield v337/4 (with the implied subj. of
stó›um, we)skjaldborg f. shield-wall 67/19
skjaldhvalr m. killer whale or grampus (cf. vƒgn) v490/5 (KSk 15,
JG 6; ‘shield whale’ LML 120)skjaldi m. one with a shield? (cf. ÁBM) v149/6 t. n. (cf. skjƒldr)skjálfa (skalf, skulfu) sv. tremble, shake, quiver v181/5, v410/1 (ofships sailing; clause goes with hin brei›u lƒnd); with suffixed
neg. v44/3, v82/7; pres. p. v170/4 (with fór)
skjálgr m. squinter 85/21
skjalla (skall, skullu) sv. crash, bang v47/4, v55/2 (inf. with lét; vi›against, on)Glossary393

skjómi m. flickering, glint, glitter; sword-name (‘glinter, polishedone’) v451/8
skjóta (skaut) sv. with dat. shoot v235/1 (abs.), v371/1, v375/3;
push quickly, shove 21/35; push forward v130/3, v259/3; set (fireto s–thing) 49/13; with acc., strike against, hit v356/4; md. shoot,be flung v181/6; pres. p. skjótandi shooter 19/30
skjótr a. swift 19/34; n. as adv. fast, quickly, soon v104/1, v377/2;
sup. 59/26; sup. n. as adv. sem skjótast as quickly as he could 42/13
skjƒldhlynr m. ‘shield-maple’, kenning for warrior, war-leader (Earl
Eiríkr) v302/4 (subj. of lét)skjƒldr (gen. skjaldar, dat. skildi, pl. skildir) m. shield 1/13, 19/32,
21/10, v171/6, 67/19, 22, 69/29, 74/5, 108/11, v469/1 and t. n.; inkenning for ship, vi›r skjaldar (generic sg.; shields fastened along
the side of a ship looked like leaves on a tree) v105/2; in kenningfor sword, skjaldar leygr v379/2. Dat. skjaldi v149/6 t. n. (seeNoreen § 369 n. 1; cf. skjaldi). Cf. Skjƒldr in Indexskjƒldungr m. prince, ruler (descendant of Skjƒldr or shield-bearer?)(indefinite) v105/1, v406/1. See Skjƒldungar in Indexskógr m. wood, forest 2/2, v91/2 (gen. with hógbrotningi, from theforest), 49/32, 63/17, 67/26, 83/16, v318/2, 108/21
skólkinni m. wolf (‘dark-cheeked’? possibly skƒl-, see t. n. and cf.
ÍF III 198–9 and note and ÁBM. Or perhaps two names, Skoll orSkƒll, see Gylf. 14, and Kinni; see Skƒll and Kinni in Index) v514/10
skólkr m. helmet-name (probably a variant of skálkr; or perhaps‘terrifier’) v472/5
skopt n. poetical word for hair v274/4 (obj. of ﬂó; á e–m i. e.
belonging to s–one), 108/20 (complement)skór (pl. skúar) m. shoe 43/2 (er . . . á on which), 46/3, 109/1
skora (› or a›) wv. score, cut out v173/5; cf. v356/3 t. n.; markout; e–m er hólmr skora›r a duelling-place is marked out for
s–one, s–one is challenged to a duel 21/14
skor›a (1) f. prop, post 64/3; = tree in kenning for woman, s.
fjar›beins v205/1; as used to support beached ships, shore (seeLK 189; Falk 1912, 30–31; also when building the ship), in kennings
for ship, skor›u bersi v260/7, bjƒrn skor›u 75/15, drasill skor›uv354/2skor›a (2) (a›) wv. prop ?v356/3 t. n.
skorinn see skera
skorta (rt) wv. impers. eigi skortir e–t s–thing is not lacking, there
is no lack of s–thing 20/32, 49/11
skota (a›) wv. with dat. impel, push forward v131/1
skotna›r m. ‘shooting adder’, spear, pole v78/4 (pl., obj. of settu)
skotningr m. sword-name, ‘missile’? ‘decorated, inlaid’? v457/3

394

Skáldskaparmál

skotvápn n. weapon for shooting, missile (e. g. arrow or spear) 67/27
skraf n. chat 109/6
skráma f. axe-name, ‘wounder’ v463/4 (cf. Old Frankish scramasax;
Skrámr is a giant in ÍF XIII 154, ÍF XIV; Skráma a giantess inÍF XIV 362; cf. 67/25; see Falk 1914, 115)
skrámr m. glarer, dazzler (?); or ‘pale one’ 85/22
skrápr or skrapr m. ‘rough-skin’ or (if vowel short) babbler, blatherer
106/19skrei›ungr m. cod-fish v486/3
skreifir m. (for skreyfir? written ‘skreivir’ in R, ‘skreuuir’ (= skreyvir)
in T) sword-name, ‘heaper’ or ‘rattler’ v455/7
skreyja f. miserable person, wretch 106/12
skrí›a (skrei›) sv. crawl, glide along 4/33, 46/29; glide (throughthe water) v261/3; pp. travelled over on skis v349/2 (with lá›i;the land skied over by Finns is Finnmƒrk, i. e. Lapland)skri›na (a›) wv. slip 50/6
skrifa (a›) wv. engrave, decorate, adorn with pictures 67/23
skrjá›r m. coward, skulker 106/12 (with -ó- t. n.)skrokkr m. hulk 106/20
skrækja (kt) wv. screech, squeal (vi› at it) 2/34
skrækr m. shriek, scream 25/25
skúar see skór
skúfr m. a kind of bird, perhaps a skua; in kenning for raven,Gƒndlar s. v357 n. (gen. with grenni)
skulu (skal, skyldi) pret.-pres. vb. shall; with inf. signifying intention
v140/1, v175/1, v237/3; shall be(come) (like, as if) v176/1; with
suffixed neg., skalat v209/1; skyldu were about to 3/3; shouldv161/6; skyldi was to (i. e. it was decided that he should) 3/4;
hvert er fara skyldi wherever it was intended to go 42/24; erskyldu vera who were to be 1/9; skal need to v333/7, skyldi had tov393/2; subjunc. (expressing a wish, optative) skyli shall v164/1(‘let no one’?), should v280/1 (‘may he bequeath’); impers. takaskyldi should be caught 24/25; with pp. ﬂú skalt you shall be v102/5
skundu›r m. hastener; in kenning for warrior (unidentified; see note),haugs s. ‘burial-hastener’, killer v385/4 (dat. of respect with augu;
with herfengnum). Kock, NN 488, reads hauks s., ‘hawk-flier’skunpr m. boar v513/7
skúr f. shower 40/29, 44/26; Hƒgna skúrir rain of weapons, stormof battle v223/3; odda s. v309/1 (gen. with her›ir)skur›r m. channel, groove v145/2 (milli skur›a: in grooves cut inthe axe; with liggja)skúrƒr›igr a. standing up to showers or storms, shower-braving (ofa ship conceived as a bear) v260/7

Glossary395

skúta f. a kind of ship (Foote and Wilson 1970, 236; Falk 1912,
95–7; LK 89–90: a light but fairly large ship, larger than a ferja,
though sometimes the words seem to be interchangeable; not allthat common; perhaps generally = tólfæringur; sometimes a seagoing vessel of large size) v491/5
skutill m. that from which food is served, small table or tray v95/3(phrase goes with deila sér; Kock (NN 1016) takes it with hlaut
blása (q. v.), meaning ‘from where he stood at the holy table’)skutr m. stern, the space at the rear end of a ship v495/8 (Falk 1912,84; rear stem Falk 1912, 35); lag›i fyrir skut put past the stern, put
astern (i. e. went past them) v259/6
skuttingr m. ‘protection’, shield v470/7
skútuhvalr m. a kind of whale v490/4 (cf. skútufiskr, ‘a fish caught
from a small decked boat’; see skúta and note to verses 489–90)
skval n. babble, clamour 109/5
skvaldri m. talkative one, babbler, a nickname (perhaps given because
the poet was prolific or prolix or both) 98/28
sk‡ n. cloud v356/3 (pl., obj. of sker›u); dat. of comparison v516/20;
in kenning for shield (collective), Hildar s. v403/3 (subj. of raufsk)
skyg›ir m. sword-name, ‘highly polished’ v455/7
skyld-Breti m. ‘kin-Briton’, in kenning for giant (Geirrø›r; or perhapspl.), s. skytju v83/7 (acc. with vi›; see note)skyldr a. obliged, under an obligation (at to, with inf.); s. em ek I
cannot help, it is my duty to v299/3
skyli m. ruler (Óláfr Tryggvason; lit. perhaps defender or protector;
see SnE 1848–87, II 469; cf. Index) v397/1
skyn n. and f. features, details (á of) 42/21
skyndir m. hastener 85/21; dólgljóss s. sword-impeller, warrior,king (Haraldr har›rá›i) v122/4 (subj. of tók)sk‡ra (›) wv. make clear, expound v491/1
skyrta f. shirt, tunic 67/19; in kenning for coat of mail, Ham›is s.
68/13, v229/3
skytja f. hut, nook, grotto, cave; in kenning for giant, skyld-Breti
skytju v83/7
skær m. horse; in kenning for ship, stjórvi›jar s. v289/4 (acc. withlætr). Cf. Indexskƒlkinni v514/10 t. n. see skólkinniskƒr f. overlap on the boards of a clinker-built ship v495/1 (Falk1912, 49); (cut) hair; in kenning for head, skarar fjall v281/4(with of )skƒruglyndr a. of independent, assertive character, having initiative,
impressive in behaviour 107/33
skƒrungskapr m. nobility of character 109/10

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slá (sló, sleginn) sv. strike; forge (e–u by, with s–thing) v288/3 (pp.
with vá›ir); mow 4/9; pluck 48/39; s. eldi í set fire to 2/20
slag n. ‘striker’, name for any kind of weapon v402/4 (obj. ofrjó›a), v468/3 (pl.)
slakr a. slack v42/2 (with va›r (predicative))slápr m. ill-made, lazy person; boor 106/20
sléttibaka f. = sléttbaka, rorqual, fin-whale (Blöndal) or sléttbakr(JG 9, 36; cf. sléttiblaka JG 28), right whale v490/5 (KSk 15,
nordcaper KSk 166; right whale (Balaena mysticetus), bowhead orGreenland whale LML 121)
sleyma f. (or sleymi m.?) coward, wretch 106/12
slí›ráll m. scabbard-eel, kenning for sword v369/4 (gen. with reginn)slí›rdúka›r a. (pp.) ‘sheath-clothed’, with sheaths for sails (cf.
dúkr), of swords described in terms of masts v236/4
slí›rhuga›r a. fearsome-minded, hostile, warlike (with jarls) v1/1
(like har›ge›r, not necessarily pejorative; cf. gramr)
slí›rir f. pl. scabbard, sheath 48/3
slí›rliga adv. horribly v97/1
slíkr a. such v9/4; slíkt er fekk whatever, as much as he could get
59/25; slíkt sama as adv. likewise 1/10, 109/21
slinni m. lazy, clumsy, ill-made person 106/20
slíta (sleit) sv. tear v319/2, v339/2; i. e. pull violently (e–t ór e–u
s–thing out of s–thing) v127/2; impers., e–u sleit s–thing was
broken off, destroyed, ended, sated v323/1
slitna (a›) wv. be torn 1/33, v99/3 (sundr apart; inf. with mundi); be
broken v183/4 (of gri›, peace; inf. with lætr)sló› f. track, path, in kennings for sea 75/3 (complement), Glammas. v373/1 (see note), hafskí›a sló›ir v260/6 (acc. after á)
sló›goti m. ‘track-, pathway-horse’, in kenning for ship, s. sæ›ings horseof the gull’s path v259/5 (subj. of lag›i) (cf. goti and Goti (1) in Index)
slokna (a›) wv. be extinguished 6/21
slyngja (-va) (slƒng, slungu) sv. with dat. fling, throw, cast, spreadv205/3 (of over, onto); i. e. round v162/1
slœgr a. cunning, sly 20/5, v64/3
slƒggjald n. blows-payment, payment (to compensate) for violence 40/30
sløngva (ng›) wv. with dat. throw, sling v170/5
smár a. small 22/4; sup. n. pl. smæstu very small, of the smallest
kind v285/4 (with él)
smí›i n. work, something made (with gen. of maker or owner, seenote) v466/4, 5
smi›ja f. workshop, smithy 42/1, 4
smi›r m. maker, creator 20/5; smith, craftsman 42/5, 9, 15, (artificer)
46/20; name for an ox v503/6

Glossary397

snaga f. an axe with sharply curved or hook-like points on a
crescent-shaped or D-shaped blade v463/7 (cf. Falk 1914, 107–8 and202)
snákr m. snake; snáks faldr = œgishjálmr, helmet of terror (cf. ch.
40; the original one belonged to the dragon Fáfnir); if the kingwears it he rules firmly, his subjects are in awe of him v281/1
snapi m. ‘snatcher’, name for the sea v476/8
snápr m. dolt, rascal, impertinent person 106/18
snarla adv. quickly, smartly v46/2, v371/1
snarlyndr a. keen-spirited, brisk or brave in character v282/2
snarr a. keen, swift, brave v10/2; n. as adv. quickly, smartly v49/2(with nam rjúfa)
snata f. spike; spear v464/3
snekkja f. a kind of large warship, generally with 20 rowing benches
and a 90-man crew (Falk 1912, 102–4: smaller than a skei›; Old
English snacc) v130/4 (gen. with stafnar), v302/1 (acc. with lét),v404/1, v491/8
snemma adv. early, soon 99/7; before long v24/1; comp. snemr
earlier v58/7; sup. snemst very soon v156/5
snerra f. a quick, sharp battle v449/7
snerribló› n. mightily flowing blood, mighty (swirling stream of)blood, in kenning for water, ﬁorns svíra s. v79/7 (subj. of ﬂyrri;
equivalent of Ymis bló›, ch. 25)
snerta (rt) wv. drain (at a single draught), drink off (ór e–u) 20/31
sní›a (snei›) sv. cut (sundr in two) 48/27; intrans., of a ship sailing(cutting through the waves?—cf. ví›r) v261/1
snilli f. skill, prowess, eloquence 109/4, see t. n.
snillingr m. eloquent, clever or brave person 106/9, v439/7
snjalla›r pp. levelled v118/2 t. n.
snjallmæltr a. wise in speech, fine-spoken, eloquent v291/2 (oninflexion (so TW) cf. snjallrá›r; U has -rá›r here as in verse 118)
snjallr a. wise v275/2 (with vƒr›); brave v283/1 (with húskarlar
ﬂínir); wise, brave, good or clever v114/1 (with Rƒgnvaldi), v277/4,
v405/2 (with siklings)
snjallrá›r a. excellent in counsel, wise-ruling v118/2 (with spjalli,strong inflexion in spite of the def. art. sá; i. e. the earl who rules
wisely?), v291/2 t. n. Cf. snjallmæltr
snót f. poetical word for woman 107/31, v438/1; i. e. I›unn 93/2
and v341/2
snotr a. wise, fine v59/2 (with go›brú›r); gunnar s. skilled in battle
v80/3 (with víkingar (i. e. the Æsir))snotra f. weather-vane (perhaps consisting of a carved female head;cf. Falk 1912, 42) v495/7. Cf. Index398

Skáldskaparmál

snúa (sneri) sv. with dat. turn, direct (e–u til s–thing to); s. e–u til
sey›is put s–thing on to cook 1/19; twist, weave, i. e. include, use v38/2
snú›gasteinn m. (swiftly) turning stone v162/2 (obj. of slungu), v170/6
snyrtima›r m. a polished, elegant person, gentleman 106/18, v442/3
snyrtir m. polisher, polished one (sword-name) v451/7, v459/5;
used as a heiti for sword in Háttalykill 34a, 40a (pp. 30, 31; cf. pp.
88, 97; Skj B I 504, 507); but Snyrtir is the name of Bjarki’s sword
in Saxo Grammaticus (1979–80, I 61, see II 49 and Falk 1914,60); variant of snytrir v305/3 t. n.
snytrir m. one who makes wise, informs, educates; hapta s. = Ó›inn
v94/3, v305/3
snægrund f. ‘snow-ground’, i. e. Iceland v128/4 (acc. with lætr)snær m. snow 61/12; in kennings for silver, s. sjó›s v193/4 (subj. of
liggr), skála s. v194/8 (obj. of bræ›a), 62/9snƒr f. daughter-in-law 108/2
so›na (a›) wv. cook, become cooked 1/23 (impers.)
sofa (svaf, sváfu) sv. sleep 46/34, 47/22, 49/12; lie quiet, be at restv78/4; imp. sofi› eigi ﬂit you shall not sleep v165/3; subjunc. sofi
let him sleep v163/6; pres. p. while he slept 48/26, 49/38
sofna (a›) wv. fall asleep 49/1, 11, v162/4
sog n. ‘sucking’, name for the sea v475/7 (sogsami t. n.); í s. i. e.
beneath the horizon v128/3
sókn f. (1) congregation 107/1. (2) attack v253/1 (ﬂá s. this attack,battle; obj. of kenna), v450/2; in kennings for war-leader, sóknar
álfr v155/2; for warrior, sóknar Rƒgnir = ﬁjálfi v75/3 (see note)sóknƒrr a. swift, liberal with attacks, battle-keen v283/2 (with konungr)
sól f. (the) sun v106/1, 39/1, 19, 76/24, 85/19, 90/1, 99/15, v406/2,
108/11, v517/1; in kennings for the sky, land sólar 33/25, sólar
grund v107/2, sólar hjálmr v116/4 (gen. with tiggi); in kennings
for shield, skipa (skips) s. (from the way bright shields were hungalong the sides of ships) 67/20, v233/2 (gen. with leyg); in kennings
for gold, sœgs s. v369/3 (gen. with sverri), Rínar s. v391/2 (acc.
with lét). See Index
sólbor› n. ‘sun-board’, the uppermost plank on a ship’s side, or an
extra row of planks above the rail (perhaps used in measuring theelevation of the sun in navigation; see Falk 1912, 19, 54); or the
strake just above the surface of an unladen ship, which is perhaps
more likely, cf. LK 153; = black-strakes? In LK 153–4 sólbor› issaid to be the second, third or fourth plank from the top of a ship’sside; cf. skjólbor›; Fritzner (1886–96, III 476b) and Falk assume
that sólbor› is the same as sólbyr›i; gunwale v495/7; in kennings
for ship, sólbor›s goti v259/2, sólbor›s hestr 75/3
sólginn a. greedy, ravenous v67/2 (with dólgi)Glossary399

sólkonungr m. king of the sun = Christ v271/4 (subj. of er hreinni)
sollinn a. (pp. of svella) swollen v358/2; of thought, i. e. powerfulor filled with grief or anger? v41/3
sólmánu›r m. sun-month, mid-June to mid-July 99/19
sólmr m. ‘sweller’, name for the sea v478/5
sóltjald n. ‘sun-tent’, sky v114/2 (gen. pl. with stillir)sóma (›) wv. with dat. beseem, suit 21/21; láta sér sóma find it fitting 6/31
sómi m. honour; sword-name v451/8
sómmi›jungr m. bow-giant, kenning for warrior v223/2 (dat. withne hlé›ut; Kock, NN 412 takes the kenning as s. rómu Hárs,‘honour-giants of battle’). Cf. 40/15 and note and Mi›jungr in Indexsómr m. bow-name (‘honourable, seemly one’; cf. v240 and Atlakvi›a 7)
v467/4 (cf. sómi and Sómr in Index)
sonargjƒld n. pl. payment in requital for death of a son; at sonargjƒldum
as compensation, atonement for his son 46/8
sonlauss a. having no son 49/31
son(r) m. son v8/4 (Baldr), v24/2 (ﬁórr), v59/1 (gen. with bani; i. e.
of her (Gu›rún’s) own son; cf. 49/5), v157/8 (Ham›ir and Sƒrli;dat. with launa), v180/2 (Hrólfr), v280/2 (Óláfr kyrri and Magnús;
indirect obj. of leifa), v290/4 (mínir synir ungir subj. of takabera), v318/3 (Haraldr har›rá›i; subj. of á), v381/3 (St Knútr? seenote), 107/16, 108/2, v446/2; in kenning for ﬁórr v43/2; in kenningfor Baldr, s. Ó›ins v63/2 (gen. with borgar); in kenning for dwarfs,Ívalda synir v62/1; in kenning for winds, Fornjóts synir v137/2(subj. of tóku); gu›s s., Christ v273/2 (gen. with máttr); s. sannreynis
Haralds (hárfagra?) = Earl Hákon or Earl Sigur›r (see note)
v292/1 (subj. of heyri á); son bi›ils Greipar = ﬁjazi v104/3 (subj.
of svi›nar). Pl. sønir v429 t. n. Cf. sunrsorg f. sorrow, trouble v378/4 (obj. of varp; i. e. because of thedeath of their male relatives); in kenning for sword, shield’s
trouble or damager, byrgis bƒ›var s. (gen. with hvƒt) v28/3
sorgœrr a. crazy with pain v100/2 (with sagna hrœri, i. e. Loki)
sót n. soot v371/1
sóta f. battle v450/1
sóttdau›r a. dead from sickness; ver›a s. die of sickness 107/37
sótti see sœkja
spakr a. wise; sensible v151/5 (complement of ﬂœtti mér); as nickname
101/17
spánn (pl. spænir or spœnir, see Noreen 1923, § 63 n. 4) m. bit,chip (left by auger) 4/30, 33; wooden ornaments on a ship (cf.
húnspænir) v130/1 (obj. of bera)
spara (›) wv. spare, be niggardly with, hold back (from) v59/8 (inf.
with kvá›ut)

400

Skáldskaparmál

speki f. wisdom 109/9
spekima›r m. person of wisdom, sage 107/26
spekingr m. wise person, sage 106/17, v441/8
spenja (span›i) wv. draw, attract; und sik under o–self (of land perceived as female) v10/1; á sár at s. provides wounds to entice (it, thewolf) v318/3. Frank 1978, 86, suggests a connection with speni ‘teat’
spenna (nt or nd) wv. stretch round or over (á e–t), enclose (á e–t) ina grasp v75/8 (ilja gaupnum with his soles’ palms, i. e. stride quickly;
á mó over the moor); clasp, gird on, fasten; s. sik e–u gird o–self
with, buckle on s–thing 25/4; pp. with ver›a grasped, made tight v129/3
spíkr m. spike, perhaps a kind of nail v496/3 (Falk 1912, 50) (pl. of
spík f.?)spilla (t) wv. spoil, misuse v369/2 (of poetry, i. e. by composing
slander; after er (2), who)
spillir m. damager, destroyer, in kenning for generous man, bauga s.
(one who gives rings away freely, i. e. Sigur›r) v151/6
spinna (spann, spunnu) sv. spin v359/4 (the clause goes with skaut)spjall n. news, tidings v343/4 (dat. with hl‡›ir; perhaps refers to thecontents of the verse, see note; or contrasted with ekka)
spjalli m. someone one chats with, gossip, intimate 81/26, 107/21,
v447/6; konungs s. i. e. Earl Hákon v118/2 (with sá snjallrá›r;konungs may refer to the king of Denmark, Haraldr Gormsson, or
it may be generic sg.; cf. rúni), v291/2
spjót n. spear 71/10, v464/1 and t. n.
spjótsoddr m. point of a spear 59/29
spjƒr n. pl. spears v334/2, v464/5, v468/4 (in the last two the word
may be spjƒrr m. (sg.; R has ‘spioÂ’ and ‘spiƒÀ’; cf. spƒrr m.
‘spear’; see ÁBM)spor n. track, footsteps; í s. e–m in s–one’s tracks, immediately afters–one v233 n.
sporna (a›) wv. kick, tread on v86/8 t. n.
sprakki m. splendid, outstanding woman v438/2
springa (sprakk) sv. spring (apart), split v132/1, v399/4 (inf. withvar›); shatter, be shattered v312/3; var of sprunginn was (prettywell) split apart, had collapsed v99/6
sprund n. poetical word for woman 107/30, v438/3; hellis sprund =giantess (hváru tveggja sprundi dat. of respect with hlátrelli›akjƒl, i. e. in each giantess, Gjálp and Greip) v86/8
spyrja (spur›i) wv. ask (e–n e–s) 3/17 (i. e. can ask), 3/24 (withkynni), 21/1, 50/1, 83/17; s. at enquire about v166/8; hear, learn
22/7, 49/20, 34, 72/5; s. til e–s get news, information about s–one
72/6; with acc. and a., learn that s–one is s–thing, hear s–one to bes–thing v109/2

Glossary401

spyrna (d) wv. kick; s. vi› kick, push downwards with the feet
24/29
sp‡ta (tt) wv. with dat. spit (í into s–thing) 3/14; s. upp throw up 5/3
sta›r m. place; situation v405/4 (the phrase is the complement ofvérom allir); ór sta› from its place v169/8; lí›a mjƒk ór sta›
travel with violent movement over, traverse so as to disturb v77/5;
nema sta›ar stop 42/22
stafn m. stem (of a ship; or the position at the prow, forecastle (Falk1912, 84)) v130/4 (subj. of bera), v495/5; pl. by synecdoche =ship(s), in kenning for sea (with jar›ar) v4/4
stafr m. staff, stave 25/3, 66/5, 74/4; in kenning for war-leader,ógnar s. v217/3 and 314/3 (vocative; = Knútr inn ríki)
stag n. rope from top of mast to prow, fore-stay v129/3, v134/4,
v495/5 (Falk 1912, 59; Foote 1984b, 227–8; Foote and Wilson
1970, 234, 244)
stakk see stinga
stál n. (1) stem (of ship) 36/27, v289/2 (gen. with hlemmisver›) (seeFalk 1912, 36: the top part of the three-part keel, on which thefigure-head would be fixed)stál n. (2) steel v81/5 (dat: against the steel (i. e. the end of ﬁórr’spole); with há›u or with strí›an); pl. = weapons, warfare v119/4(gen. with ríkismálum); in kenning for battle or blood, stála flaumr
v157/1, for whetstone, stála vikr v70/7
stalli m. altar 6/25
stallr m. stall; platform; drepa stall (of the heart) v82/4 see drepa
standa (stó›) sv. stand v44/1, 21/26, v84/6, v156/4 (ﬂar svá at there
so that), v337/4, v371/3, v393/4; stand still v175/2; stay, keepo–self v122/2; be situated v516/19; grow 41/23, v142/1, 108/20(this clause presumably with grƒn e›a kanpar, ‘when they stand’?);be arranged (impers.) 41/13; stay, be stuck 22/20, 30, v70/8; s. at
e–u be engaged in, work at, undertake s–thing v169/5; s. e–m at
e–u provide s–one with s–thing, be s–thing for s–one v212/1; s.
fyrir stand in the way of, prevent v208/1; s. í mót be contrary (inmeaning) 106/11; s. of e–n dau›an stand over s–one dead, bringabout s–one’s death v57/4 (with suffixed 2nd pers. pron.); s. ór
stick out of 22/26; s. upp get up 48/3, 50/13, 72/29; md. hold, befinal 42/19; standask fyrir stand up to, withstand 6/10
stara (›) wv. glare (á e–n at s–one) v51/4, v210/1
ste›i m. anvil 46/27; in kenning for rock, anvil of river (on which
the water hammers), ár ste›i v317/4 (gen. with Eldir), Fe›ju s.
v78/8 (acc. pl. with me›, along with, taking)stefja (a›) wv. s. á e–n throw a verse at s–one, address s–one inverse, accost s–one with a verse 83/16 (stef n. verse, line of verse)

402

Skáldskaparmál

stefknƒrr m. refrain-(cargo-)ship, i. e. drápa, poem v203/4 (gen.
with branda)
stefna (1) (fnd) wv. arrange, make an appointment for 58/25
stefna (2) f. conference 72/4
stefnir m. (1) ‘stemmed’, helmet-name (perhaps of a pointed helmet,
or one with a spike at the front, if such existed) v473/4. (2)director, guider, navigator v119/3 (the navigator of ships is here
Earl Hákon, subj. of gat)stefnulag n. appointment, engagement 21/16 (subj. of var komit á;
dat. -lagi would be required if var komit was impers. pass., thoughconceivably stefnulag could be acc. with á (‘an engagement had
been reached’))steikja (kt) wv. roast (vi› at, against) 46/32, v151/4, 49/9
steinasørvi m. ‘stone-(neck-)chain’, necklace of stones 40/23
steinbítr m. catfish v486/7
steinfarinn a. (pp.) paint-covered v235/2
steinn m. stone, rock 21/23, 25/16, 40/24, 45/1, v161/4 (pl., millstones), v307/4 (gen. pl., made of), 108/12, 24; dwelling in rock,cave 45/24; in kenning for heart, ﬂróttar s. v44/4 (subj. of skelfra),v82/8 (subj. of skalfa); in kenning for giant, Ella steins v91/8; paint,
colour(ing) v127/3 (instr. with runnit), v237/2 (instr. with hreingróit;
there may be a play on the meanings of bla› gróit steini, ‘leaf grownamid stone’ and ‘shield covered with colour’, see Kock 1946–9,
I 1 n.; Marold 1993, 298, takes the word to mean precious stone(s))
steinó›r a. madly furious v371/4
stekktí› f. ‘lamb-fold-time’, the time when lambs are shut in thefold, = eggtí› 99/19
stemma (›) wv. stem, stop up 25/17
sterkr a. strong 49/36, 52/7; sup. 21/19
stertima›r m. haughty person, dandy, fop 106/19, v443/8
steypa (t) wv. with dat. plunge, bury 49/3; cast down, cause tocollapse v57/3, i. e. depose v172/1
steypir m. one who casts down, feller, destroyer; in kenning forﬁórr, stophnísa s. v81/7 (subj. of fór)
stíga (steig) sv. step v105/1 (á onto; referring to future time); marchv171/4; climb 25/19, 47/19; s. yfir e–n dau›an (predicative a.)overcome s–one in death, succeed in killing s–one 6/16
stika (a›) wv. fence, i. e. stick poles in the ground to make a defence(of defensive stakes in shallow water) v333/6 (inf. with lætr; cf.
Háttatal 16/5)
stiklei› f. the way that has a pole stuck in it (or in which one has tostick a pole in order to cross it), the river being crossed with thesupport of a pole v77/6 (gen. with veg)

Glossary

403

stilla (t) wv. control, check; entrap v206/3 (pp. with hƒfumk =hefir mik)
stillir m. controller, ruler, king or earl v141/4 (subj. of gaf ), v172/1,
v183/3 (referring to the giver of the axe), v307/3 (Earl Hákon); in
kennings for Christ, stillir aldar v270/3, hƒl›a s. v276/2 (paraphrased
konungr manna 78/11; obj. of lofar); in kenning for God, s. sóltjalda
v114/1 (vocative); for king, l‡›a stillir ruler of men, king (Hƒgni,father of Hildr) v252/1 (subj. of letrat)
stinga (stakk) sv. stab (e–u with s–thing) 4/34, v322/2; poke, push
25/24; put out v385/2; pierce 43/6
stinnr a. stiff, firm v354/4
stir›r a. stiff; firm v129/4; n. as adv. stirt harshly, curtly 72/13
stir›ﬂinull m. stiff (net-)rope, in kenning for Midgard serpent, s.
stor›ar v210/1
stjarna f. star 2/37, 22/28
stjóri m. commander, governor, ruler 79/28; leader, guide (in Vingniss., name for an ox, cf. Old English steor ‘steer’, Old Norse stjórr)
v503/10; in kenning for king (Haraldr har›rá›i), hir›ar s. v280/1
stjórn f. government, governance (til for) 80/6
stjórnvi› f. steering-tie, the band attaching the steering-oar to theside of a ship (Falk 1912, 75) v495/5
stjórvi› f. = stjórnvi›; in kenning for ship, stjórvi›jar skær v289/1
stjúpfa›ir m. stepfather 14/26
stjúpr m. stepson 19/27, 31
stjúpsonr m. stepson 47/27
sto› (pl. ste›r) f. post, support 64/8; leg v179/6 (subj. of stukku);
pillar 108/39; surrounding words, context 78/17
stó› n. a (breeding) herd of horses, stud; in kenning for wolves,mounts of giantessess, Gjálpar s. v324/4 (subj. of ó›); for ships,
fló›s s. v346/2 (or read glƒ›um, see n. and t. n.; obj. of vaskar)
stokkinn pp. of støkkva
stokkr m. stock, block, base (of anvil) 46/27
stóll m. seat 25/22; hilmis s. the throne v284/3 (gen. with fyllar);
Hlei›rar s. v178/2 (obj. of halda)
stop n. unevenness, bumpiness, name for the sea v475/4
stop›r a. vertical, straight up v371/3 (with reykir)
stophnísa f. ‘unevenness-, i. e. mountain-porpoise’, kenning for giantess
v81/7 (gen. with steypir; cf. hnísa)stor› f. (1) earth, land v210/2 (gen. with stir›ﬂinull)stor› f. (2) tumult, battle v449/6
stórfeta›r a. long-paced, swift; comp. 20/24
stormr m. storm v477/5
stórr a. great 20/32, 21/36, huge v179/5; important 50/18; n. as404

Skáldskaparmál

adv. mightily, heavily 42/31; dat. pl. as adv. v362/4, generously,
munificently v386/2
stóttu 2nd sg. p. of standa with suffixed pron. v57/4
strá (strá›i) wv. strew (with straw, rushes or coverings) v20/7
straumr m. current v81/6 (obj. of há›u), 46/26, v477/6; in kenningfor (the mead of) poetry, Míms vinar glaumbergs s. v37/4 (withmína; acc. with heyr)straumtungl n. current-(sea-)moon or -sun, i. e. gold; in kenningfor woman, veltisto› straumtungls v206/4
strengja (ng›) wv. bind tight; s. heit make a solemn vow (ﬂess to dothis) 47/32, 58/19
strengr m. (bow-)string; hagl strengjar = arrows v222/4, 71/15,
v248/2; cable (particularly to moor a ship; Falk 1912, 24) v495/8;
in kenning for ship, jór strengjar v286/2
strí› n. torment v1/2 (gen. pl. with léttir)
strí›ir m. tormentor, punisher, opponent; in kenning for ruler, søkkva
s. (where søkkva can be gen. pl. of søkk (søkkva s. = ‘generousman’) or gen. pl. of søkkvi(r)) v193/3 (obj. of á at mæra)strí›kvi›jandi pres. p. who bans (votes against) strictly; vamms s.
who firmly opposes evil or disgrace v82/3 (with firum, i. e. the gods)
strí›lundr a. harsh in disposition, temper, full of wrath v81/8 (fórs. i. e. advanced wrathfully)
strí›r a. harsh v81/5 (with straum; perhaps predicative, made thecurrent harsh)
strind f. (bank of) land; in kenning for ship, svana strindar blakkr v128/2
strjúka (strauk) sv. stroke, rub, wash against v357 n.
stu›ill m. support; perhaps for the (ridge-pole of the) tent on board
ship (Falk 1912, 11–12) v495/6 (cf. OED studdle)
stúfr m. sword-name, ‘stump’ v452/1; ox-name v504/5; see Index
stund f. time 2/1, 99/5; while, a period of time 1/21, 99/8; a delay
24/27; langa s. for a long while, a long passage 19/16; dat. sg.
stundu as adv. with comp., considerably v313/3; dat. pl. as adv.
sometimes 108/18, i. e. frequently v129/3
sty›ja (studdi) wv. support 50/7, v172/2; s. e–t (e–u?) press downwith s–thing, lean on s–thing 25/4; s. e–t vi› e–u rest, lean, presss–thing against s–thing v289/1 (inf. with lætr); push against, prodv157/2 (inf. with lét; Kock, NN 214, suggests ste›ja flaums check(s–one’s) rush forward; flaums is not really necessary to the kenningstála støkkvir); md. support itself, be supported (vi› on, by) 50/3
styggr a. shunning, reluctant to use (e–s s–thing) v22/3
st‡ra (›) wv. steer, guide (with dat., ﬂeim sœkiálfi or ﬂeim Beima)v6/2; rule, govern, lead; ok fólkum st‡rir v63/3 (i. e. with a hugefollowing?); control (a child, i. e. the weapon), i. e. be the ownerGlossary405of, possess v147/2 (inf. with kná); wield v335/2 (inf. with kná); p.
inf. with hygg ek caused, provided v400 n. (e–t e–m s–thing fors–one, see note; v. l. (in Morkinskinna 158, Hulda-Hrokkinskinna,
Fms VI 225) gør›u, ger›u, gjör›i, see gera)st‡randi m. (pres. p.) controller, ruler, possessor 14/26, 76/23
st‡ri n. rudder, steering-oar v359/1 (instr.), 108/17, v495/2 (Falk1912, 73–7)
st‡rir m. steerer, controller; bragar s. poet v183/8 (obj. of d‡rkar)
styrkr a. strong v296/3 (with mæg›), v378/3
styrr m. uproar; battle v241/2 (dat. with beldi); at styr about thebattle v313/2
styrja f. sturgeon v486/5stœ›ingar m. pl. braces; or perhaps rather ropes to help hold themast on the windward side of the ship (Falk 1912, 60) v496/1. Cf.
aktaumarstœra (›) wv. increase, make greater v357 n.
stƒ› f. place where s–one (e–s) stops, haunt; glamma s. = mountains
v82/3 (gen. with rastar); harbour, landing-place; in kenning forships, stƒ›var hrafnar v119/3stƒ›ugr a. stable, steady 21/22
stƒ›va (a›) wv. stop (impers. with ƒrn as obj.?) 2/20 (WTU add sik),v252/4 (inf. with letrat; stopping the wolf’s hunger is to fight abattle and provide carrion)stƒng f. pole 1/29, v97/8 (instr. with dræpi ofan), v98/8 (gen. withenda), v129/3 t. n.
støkkva (stƒkk) sv. jump; spring away, fly off, snap off v179/5; pp.
(of) stokkinn sprinkled, spattered (e–u with s–thing) v70/7 (complementof vikr stó›), v151/2; gulli s. gold-adorned v214/1 (with sæing)støkkvir m. scatterer, one who puts to flight, drives away; in kenningfor generous man (He›inn Hjarrandason), s. hyrjar fló›s v266/1;
one who drives, causes to move fast, impeller, in kenning for warleader, s. stála flaums (Jƒrmunrekkr) v157/1 (see sty›ja); in kenningfor ﬁórr, giant-scatterer, -router, s. ur›ar ﬂrjóts v77/5 (subj. of lei›)sú› f. planking 36/27, v495/4 (i. e. the joining of the edges of theplanks along a ship’s sides, whether clinker- or carvel-built, see
Falk 1912, 49; or ‘clincher work’ (Zoega 1942, 505), i. e. overlappingof planks? (cf. LK 136–8); abstract to s‡ja (2); cf. s‡ja (1)); often
by metonymy = ship v261/2 (subj. of snei›), v367/1 (instr. pl.,‘with a ship’)sú›langr a. long-planked, long-sided v258/1 (with hreinum)su›r adv. south; to the south v313/4; in the south v268/2, v381/2,
v387/4, v410/3 (perhaps with fyrir); s. fyrir (with acc.) southwards
past v259/4, (with dat.) south of (or off) v396/4

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Skáldskaparmál

súgr m. ‘that which sucks’, the sea v475/7
súla f. pillar 25/33
sumar n. summer 4/22, 39/29, 99/6, 16. Cf. Index
sumbl n. feast, ale-drinking v52/3 (gen. with mærum according to
NN 220, ‘famous for his drinking’, cf. note); in kenning for (themead of) poetry, jólna s. v307/1 (obj. of gátum; see note)sumr (1) a. some 5/4, v229/2 (i. e. many?)sumr (2) m. sound (stretch of water between two pieces of land)
v475/3sund n. sound, strait 96/29, v367/1 (obj. of skar), 476/1; in kenningfor ships, sunds d‡r v258/2, 74/24
sundr adv. asunder, apart v66/8, v99/4, v132/1, v181/8, v239/2
sundrkljúfr m. cleaver-apart; in kenning for ﬁórr, s. níu hƒf›aﬁrívalda v52/4 (vocative)
sunna f. sun 85/19, v517/1
sunnan adv. from the south (i. e. to giantland, in the north) v101/4;(i. e. from the Baltic to Norway, to the battle of Hjƒrungavágr; Búi
is said to have been from Borgundarhólmr (Bornholm)) v227/4(with hinn er fór, which belongs with Búi); in the south v257/1(with ófri› or with ﬂjó›); fyrir s. (to the) south of v297/2, v367/2
sunnar adv. further south, in the south v333/6
sunr m. = sonr v65/6 and v108/2 (subj. of ók; son of Jƒr› = ﬁórr)svá adv. thus, in this way v102/6, (i. e. by being generous) v146/3,
v168/5, (i. e. by praying for him after his death) v275/4, v303/3(i. e. with this poem), v373/2; to such an extent, so far v268/3;
also v326/5; ok svá and also 72/29, v283/1; svá sem just like, as
well as v386/3; svá at so that v99/3; svá . . . at thus . . . that, i. e.
by (doing s–thing) 6/2, in such a way, under such circumstances . . .
that v405/1; svá . . . at gera so as to make 109/19; svá . . . at kalla
in such as way as to call 44/9; ﬂar svá at there so that v156/1 (withstanda); ﬂar svá so that there v70/5
sváf f. spear-name v464/3
sváfu see sofa
svalinn m. ‘cool one’, shield-name v470/5 (‘Svalin’ is the shield of
the sun in Grímnismál 38, in A only)
svalr a. cool v132/1 (with landa), v407/2
svalteigr m. cool (strip of) land, in kenning for sea, whale’s land,Vi›blinda galtar s. v201/1 (gen. with rafkastandi)svangr a. hungry v97/2 (with fa›ir)svanni m. poetical word for woman v355/1 (vocative; unidentified),107/30, v438/1
svanr m. swan; Gautreks s. = ship v149/8 (gen. pl. with brautar);svana strind = sea, in kenning for ship v128/2; in kennings forGlossary407

raven or eagle, s. Farmat‡s v5/2 (see Gylf. ch. 38), gunnar (orGunnar?) s. v147/6 (gen. with gœ›andi), sveita s. v333/4 (gen.
with ƒr›), s. Hlakkar v382/2
svar n. reply ?v10/2 t. n.
svara (a›) wv. answer, reply 24/32, 46/12, 50/2, 83/26
svardagi m. solemn promise, oath 1/35, 45/18
svar›festar f. pl. scalp-strings, i. e. hair; Sifjar s. = gold (cf. ch. 35)
v189/3svar›runninn a. flowing over sward or turf (of the swollen river)v80/4 (with fen)svarkr m. proud, arrogant, bossy, loud woman 107/32, v438/7
svarmr m. noise, tumult; shield-name v471/1
svarri m. proud, arrogant, bossy, loud woman 107/32, v438/2
svartálfr m. black elf 41/32 (cf. Svartálfaheimr in Index and døkkálfar
and Svartálfaheimr in Gylf.; svartálfar are not mentioned in sources
older than Snorri and were possibly conceived as identical todwarfs; see Holtsmark 1964, 37)
svartr a. black, dark v106/1 (‘into a black one’, of the sun); of
ship’s timbers v351/2 (with vi›u); of hair 49/18; weak svarti as
nickname 62/14, 81/5, 95/18, v382 n., 100/2, 101/25, 102/11,
103/12, 104/28. Cf. Index
svefn m. sleep 52/13
svefngaman n. ‘sleep-joy, -delight’, a name for night v380/5
sveggja (g›) wv. rock, toss from side to side; lét sveggja made its
way tossing v259/1
sveigr m. flexible or bowed piece of wood; bow v467/3
sveima (a›) wv. travel, float, hover (to) v136/4 (with hvárgi er);rove, surge (of over) v378/1
sveinn m. boy 49/8, 58/6, v447/8; i. e. son v272/2 (= Christ; dat.
with l‡tr); in kenning for ﬁórr, grundar s., i. e. son of Jƒr› v70/4;
as title or nickname (for Sigur›r Fáfnisbani) 49/20, 50/17; indirect address (to Vƒggr) 58/10, 14
sveipa (t) wv. with dat. sweep 42/14
sveipr m. a sudden change of movement, swerve v104/4 (subj. of var›)
sveit f. company, group of people, following, troop 106/28, v439/7;
íms s. = wolves v324/2 (subj. of ná›i)sveiti m. blood v151/2 (instr.), v155/1, v339/1 (instr.); in kennings
for raven or eagle, sveita nagr v99/3, sveita svanr v333/3
svelga (svalg) sv. swallow (with dat.) v321/1; with acc. and dat.
(instr.) swallow s–thing with (in) s–thing v88/2 (i. e. catch)
svelgr m. whirlpool 52/20, v475/8; sword-name, ‘glutton’ v459/6
svell n. (lump of) ice 61/12; s. dalnau›ar = silver v189/4 (cf.
ch. 46); handar s. = sword (or silver?) v215/1 (gen. pl. with hlynr)

408

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svella (svall) sv. swell, well up (of emotions) v108/3, v252/3, v336/2;
increase, rage (of battle) v241/1. Cf. sollinn
svelta (1) (lt) wv. starve (trans.) 24/32
svelta (2) (svalt) sv. starve (intrans.); with suffixed neg., ﬂar er
hrafn ne svalta where the raven did not go hungry, where there wereplenty of dead bodies, i. e. there was fierce battle (litotes) v217/1
sver› n. sword 1/6 (pl.), 19/11 (subj.), v83/2 (gen. with li›hatar),v140/1 (obj. of glitra), 41/1, 46/16, v164/6 (instr.), 67/24, 70/14,
72/21, 74/3 (subj.), v297/1 (subj. of bitu), v322/2 (instr. withstakk), 108/8, 19, 109/8, v451/2 and t. n., v460 t. n. (heiti á sver›i
names for parts of a sword), v462/1; in kennings for battle v10/1,
sver›a flaumr v154/4 (perhaps means ‘blood’)sver›fiskr m. swordfish v487/4
sver›regn n. ‘sword-rain’, battle; in kenning for warrior, man, sver›regns árr v303/4
sver›runninn pp. ‘sword-run’, flowing with swords, of a river (fen)v80/4 t. n., see notesverja (p. sór or svar›i) sv. and wv. with gen. swear (to do s–thing)
41/31; swear, take an oath (e–m to s–one) 80/14; md. sverjask íbrœ›ralag vi› swear oaths of brotherhood with 47/29
sverrigjƒr› f. roaring (swirling? cf. ÁBM under sverra) belt, girdle;
in kenning for the sea, landa s. v132/2 (subj. of springr)
sverrir m. turbulent person, one who flings things about; in kenningfor (generous) man, sœgs sólar s., one who treats gold badly (bygiving it away), flings gold about v369/3 (obj. of ní›a)sveykr a. insecure, tottering v371/2 (with hús)svi›a f. a long-bladed spear v464/4
sví›a (svei›) sv. singe, burn v370/2
svi›na (a›) wv. be singed, scorched, burned v104/3
svi›vís f. or n. (or svi›víss m.) a clamp, holdfast; cf. svi›i, a kind ofclamp or fastening used in the construction of ships (LK 127; Falk
1912, 66–7, suggests a pole to hold back the centre of the sail, cf.
kalreip, sikulgjƒr›) v495/2
svífr m. ‘rocker’, name for the sea v475/6
svig n. bend; pl. i. e. bays v129/2 (lƒndum in the land)svik n. (often pl.) deceit, treachery v49/1 (obj. of sam›it), v252/7
t. n. (gen. pl. with hringa, ‘treacherous rings’?—but the metre
requires a long vowel)
svíkja (sveik) sv. betray, cheat 4/31; s. apt get back by deception,
trick back v103/2
svikulgjƒr› f. ‘treacherous, unreliable band’ (or ‘curved band’?)
v348/2 t. n.
svimul f. she-wolf (‘roamer’) v515/4

Glossary409

svín n. swine, pig 90/15
svínbeygja (g›) wv. make bend like a pig, make grovel like a pig 59/31
svinnr a. wise (or bold? mighty?) v14/1 (with sigrunni), v196/4(with gram)svínskinn n. pig’s hide 42/2
svíntarr m. boar (cf. tarr) v513/3
svipaljótr m. sword-name, ‘ugly-flitting’ v454/7
svipr m. thud, noise of a sudden movement? 109/8 (cf. svipun, svipul)
svipta (pt) wv. with dat. move quickly, sweep, snatch, slip (trans.)
45/25; s. e–n e–u deprive s–one of s–thing v379/4
sviptir m. swift mover (e–s of s–thing); determined leader: sagna s.
= ﬁórr v75/3
sviptingr m. a tie to join parts of the ship’s tent (Falk 1912, 10, 12);reef-point (Falk 1912, 13, 68); v496/2
svipu›r m. sword-name, ‘swift mover’ v454/7
svipul f. name of a valkyrie (SnE 1848–87, II 490; Darra›arljó›, ÍF
XII 455; Svipall is a name for Ó›inn in Grímnismál and SnE
1848–87, II 472); (a quick) battle v449/7
svipun f. smack, crack of a whip? 109/8 (cf. svipr)
svíri m. neck; svíra hringar neck-rings v252/7; in kenning for water,
snerribló› ﬁorns svíra (gen. sg.) v79/7
svƒr›r m. scalp 108/7
sværa f. mother-in-law 30/11, 35/20, 108/2s‡ja (1) f. rivetting, clinching 36/28, v495/3 (see Falk 1912, 51:
strake, but this is surely wrong; cf. the verb discussed there on p. 49).
S‡jur (brei›ar) perhaps means planks at v47/1 (obj. of rendi fram,see note). S‡ja is perhaps an individual line of clenches, sú›collective and/or abstract. Cf. kjƒls‡ja
s‡ja (2) (sé›i) sew, fasten, link v223/4 (pp. with serkir); sé›ir e–u
sewn, i. e. linked with s–thing v248/4 (with gƒtvar)
sylghár a. high enough to swallow, engulf v359/2 (with bylgjur; -ár= -áar, see v143 n.)sylgr m. drink v340/2 (obj. of fær, or of drekkr?); gen. of direction
or destination (with fylgja) v14/2 (the drink may mean the blood,i. e. the dead body; or the funeral feast or toast; Kock, NN 1891,
suggests ‘consumption’, ‘consumer’, i. e. the funeral pyre)s‡n f. sight; sun v517/2; ‘pleasant sight’, coat of mail v474/4; orpossibly dat. with ﬂ‡› (if this is a. f., cf. ﬂ‡›, ﬂ‡›r), ‘pleasant tothe sight’; or a. f. (cf. s‡nn) ‘good-looking’s‡na (d) wv. show 45/12, 33; md. seem, look 45/34
syngja (sƒng, sungu) sv. sing v162/1, v205/3 t. n.
s‡ni n. sight, that which is seen 85/19
synja (a›) wv. with gen. refuse 4/25

410

Skáldskaparmáls‡nn a. obvious, evident v290/1 (with mein)s‡r f. sow 90/15
syrvar m. pl. warriors (variant form of sørvar; cf. Syrvi in Index) v443/5
systir f. sister 108/4; in kenning for Jƒr›, i. e. the land of Norway(ofljóst), Au›s s. v121/4 (object of láta)sæ›ingr m. seagull (common gull) 75/3; in kenning for ship, sæ›ings
sló›goti v259/6
sæfogl m. sea-bird 36/29 (cf. fugl)sæfƒr f. sea-journey, voyage 40/10
sæing f. bed 48/2, v214/4 (with í gulli stokkna)sækonungr m. sea-king (i. e. a king whose territory is the sea),leader of a band of Vikings 36/28, 52/16 (M‡singr), 74/8, v412
t. n., v416/8sæla f. prosperity 52/12
sælingr m. wealthy person 106/15, v442/3 n.
sælkeri m. wealthy person 106/15, v439/8, v442/3 n.
sæll a. rich v386/3 (as subst., ‘the rich’; acc. with lát, parallel toauman)
sær (1) m. sea 2/13, 3/27, 36/24, 41/7, 15, 49/15, 52/20, 63/14, 74/8,
24, 75/3, v303/3 (til sævar with á kømr), 92/25, v344/1 (obj. ofsótti), 93/3, v346/3, 94/20, 95/1, v356/2, v357/2, v475/1; water ofthe sea 52/20; in kenning for blood, ara hræ-sær v333/8 (gen.
with gamms; see under hrægammr). Cf. sjár, sjór
sær (2) pres. of sá (1)sæskip n. sea-ship, ocean-going vessel 36/27
sæta f. grass widow 107/35, v438/6sæti n. seat, place 40/38; til sætis as a seat, to sit on 25/22
sætt f. settlement 2/25, 2/35; agreement 46/1; reconciliation 72/14,
106/8 (pl.); til sættar as atonement 3/38; atonement, terms ofsettlement, payment in settlement (at s. as atonement) 46/32,
72/11 (see note), 72/16; var› ﬂat (ﬂat ver›r, skal ﬂat vera) at s.
this became (this was to be) the basis of settlement, these terms
were agreed 3/38, 45/18, 21
sættargjƒr› f. terms of settlement 2/30
sættask (tt) wv. md. reach a settlement, make atonement 72/18
sættir m. reconciler; bringer of concord; guarantor (pledge, surety)of peace or truce (with gen.: among, between) 80/10 (cf. mannasættir
in Eyrbyggja saga ch. 15 (ÍF IV 27); sættir manna in Gylf. 25/19)
sœgr m. swarm; drizzle; surge, tumult, roar; name for the sea 97/10;
in kenning for gold, sœgs sól v369/1
sœkiálfr m. attack-, battle-elf, in kenning for warrior, Viking; s.
Atals d‡ra (Haraldr gráfeldr) v6/3
sœkir m. attacker, invader, conqueror 78/24

Glossary411sœkja (sótti) wv. seek, pursue; press (an attack) 6/8; s. á flótta taketo flight v84/3; s. sjá (or sæ) = undertake (a) sea-journey(s) or
expedition(s) v282/1 and v344/1; s. e–n attack s–one 50/13, v252/6;
fá e–n sótt overcome s–one 50/13; try to get 46/24; go and get,win 48/22; s. at e–m come at s–one 24/28; s. eptir go in search of
2/10; s. inn rush in 20/28; s. til e–s reach, get to s–one 24/27, visit
s–one, call on s–one (til e–s for s–thing) 4/15, pay a visit to (aplace), be on one’s way to (a place) 17/14; s. heimbo› til visit asa guest, respond to an invitation to 40/33, 52/5; s. e–t heim returnto s–thing, find its way back to s–thing 42/34; pp. lét of sóttan
paid a visit to v65/2
sœmstr a. sup. most seemly, most proper v240/1
sƒ›ull m. saddle 59/24
sƒfnu›r m. congregation 107/8 t. n.
sƒgn f. (1) account 5/31
sƒgn f. (2) troop, crew v93/1 and v341/1 (i. e. the Æsir; gen. withsegjƒndum (segjundum); the word is less likely to be the gen. pl.
of saga), 106/29, v441/4, v443/7; sagna hrœrir = Loki, leader of
the three Æsir v100/1 (acc. with ba›), sagna sviptir = ﬁórr (leaderof Loki and ﬁjálfi) v75/3
sƒk f. cause, reason (til e–s for s–thing) 45/3, 59/32; af ﬂeim sƒkum
as a result (of it) 6/19; fyrir e–s sakar because of, out of s–thing
24/23sƒngr m. song v176/7, 109/4
sƒx n. pl. the rail where it curves up towards the bows of a shipv496/1 (cf. LK 149; Falk 1912, 54); also used of the position next
behind the stafn (Falk 1912, 84)
søkk n. gold, treasure v193/3? Cf. søkkvi(r)søkkdalir m. pl. deep (sunken) dales; Surts s. i. e. underneath themountains v23/2 (Kock, NN 1783B, suggests søkk- = gold here
(cf. under søkkvir); Surts could be part of a kenning for the meadof poetry, see note)
søkkva (1) (kt) wv. with dat. sink (trans.), cause to sink, bury 20/33;
md. (let o–self) sink, slide back 6/2
søkkva (2) (sƒkk, sukku) sv. sink v106/2 (of future time), v128/3(inf. with lætr), 52/20
søkkvi(r) m. ‘sinker’, destroyer, enemy 107/23; søkkva strí›ir enemytormentor, -punisher, -fighter, i. e. ruler v193/3; or søkkva could
be gen. pl. of søkk n. ‘gold’: søkkva strí›ir = generous man (cf.
NN 1783C). Cf. Háttatal 43/1
søri see sá (1)sørvar m. pl. warriors, army 107/9. Cf. syrvar and Syrvi in Index412

Skáldskaparmál-t neg. suffix with verbs v3/3, v38/1, v49/1, v59/4, v67/1, v101/1,
v223/4, v248/4, v338/1, v366/1, v398 n. Cf. -a, -attá f. (1) toe 22/26, 49/1, 109/2
tá f. (2) pair 106/24
tafn n. food, carrion; á ylgjar tafni on she-wolf’s food, i. e. on deadbodies v334/4 (phrase goes with var› fullr); offering, sacrifice (ofBaldr’s corpse; or the funeral feast? cf. NN 1891) v14/3 (gen. withsylgs, for)taka (tók) sv. take 2/36, 3/15 (i. e. kept [it]), 21/21 (understand one,i. e. a heart), 45/6; take hold of, grasp 25/19, 30; seize, abduct72/3; i. e. rape, take possession of (a country conceived as female)v122/4, v383/1 (refers to future time); use 50/27; succeed to
48/15, 30, 51/33; get out 20/30, 43/5; receive v222/2 (with dat.;
inf. with lætr); get (possession of) v170/8 (understand it, i. e. themillstone); catch 24/25 (inf. in passive sense: be caught), 43/1
(imp. with suffixed 2nd pers. pron.), 43/2; arrest 2/9, 49/27 (1);t. hƒndum capture, take captive 24/30, 45/15, 22; t. á take hold of
v178/5 (tƒkum á let us grasp), touch (e–u with s–thing) 46/35; t. af
take from 45/29, take off, away from, remove from 45/34; t. í
braut carry off 72/5; t. í móti catch (s–thing as it comes towardsone) 25/31; t. me› add, mention as well 5/20; t. ni›r reach down
so as to strike against 1/32; t. til pick up 59/29, take up, begin (tomake, send, use) v137/1; t. til mær›ar e–s attempt poetry about,take up s–thing as a subject for poetry v25/3; t. til sín take in
49/16; t. upp pick up 25/15, 45/6, remove 20/33, take out 24/33,
undertake, take over 4/18; t. vi› (e–u) receive, take possession of(s–thing) 45/33, v189/2; impers. tekr af e–t s–thing is put a stop
to 2/21; impers. for pass. t. í sundr cut in two 46/25; with inf.,
begin to v290/2
tal n. talk, tale 3/7
tala f. speech 109/4
tálhreinn a. free of deceit, of treachery; with me›al, middlingly,
i. e. not very free of treachery, very deceitful (litotes) v94/2 andv305/2 (of ﬁjazi; Kock, NN 1015 takes the word as tólhreinn, akenning for ox, cf. hreinn (2), tól = farming implement?)
tamr a. practised (with valdi) v17/4 (valdi could be dat. of vald with
tamr: accustomed to power over; then tamr would go with Valgautr)
tangi m. tang (of a sword) 462/4
tannlitu›r m. in kenning for warrior, úlfs t., stainer of wolf’s teeth(i. e. with blood, by providing corpses for the wolf to eat) v140/2(vocative, addressed to Egill’s brother ﬁórólfr)tár n. tear; in kennings for gold (see Gylf. ch. 35), Freyju t. v144/3(pl., obj. of hlaut), t. Mardallar v189/6

Glossary

413

tara f. battle, warfare v450/3
tarfr m. bull v505/8
targa f. targe, a kind of round shield v469/5
tarr (or rarr, see t. n.) m. boar (‘stabber, poker’?) v513/5
taurarr m. sword-name, ‘with gold ring attached’ or ‘decorated
with gold thread’ v456/3
téa (›) wv. show, provide, offer, present; with suffixed pron., I
present v30/1, v39/1; assist, help, support (with dat.) v218/1; as
aux. with inf., does (‘now it is that [poetry] does grow . . .’) v35/2;
cf. v41/l t. n.
teigr m. a strip of (grassy) land 63/14
telja (tal›i, tal(i)›r) wv. (1) say, declare (with (acc. and) inf.,that s–thing is so) 3/34; md. with inf. say that one 4/17. (2)enumerate, list 60/18 (tƒl› n. pl. pp.), 88/19, 89/7, v331/2 t. n.,
95/9, v423/2, v432/1, 8, v436/6 (tali› f. sg. pp.), v437/4, v516/2(eru talit, n. sg. pp.: ‘there are reckoned to be’); recount, give an
account of v281/3; announce v30/1 t. n., v39/1 t. n.; trace v33/8;
reckon, consider (to be), count (with n. a., to be s–thing) v15/8(with suffixed pron. -k), v285/4 (1st pers., perhaps after at, suchthat; with acc. and a.), v390/4 (with double acc.), v434/8 (tali›
f. sg. pp.), v463/11, v508/6 (pp. with two nom.); t. fram perform
v303 n.; upp (um) tali› (tal›a) enumerated, listed v422/6, v516/18
temja (tam›i) wv. break, tame, train (of horses) v59/3
tey›a f. worthless person 106/13
teygja (g›) wv. entice, lure 2/1, 6/4; to lure or draw Jƒr› to o–self
is to gain possession of the land of Norway, become its ruler
v119/2 (inf. with gat); draw out, tease apart (contrasted withweaving together) v125/2
tí› f. time, period 51/33, v256/1 (adv. gen.)tí›a (dd) wv. impers. e–n tí›ir with inf. one wants, desires to dos–thing v72/2
tí›indi n. pl. events 1/15, 5/34; tidings, news 22/24
tí›r a. frequent; swift v68/8 (with hƒggs; perhaps collective, for aswift succession of blows); n. títt customary, usual 58/15, 67/23;
er títt var whose custom it was 61/15
tí›ungr m. young bull v505/7 (or mature bull, one that has reached
its time (i. e. one year old?), see NN 2158C)
tiggi m. ruler v298/3 (ﬁorfinnr; dat. with bi›, for ﬁ.); t. sólar hjálms= God v116/3. Cf. Index and see Háttatal
tiginn a. noble, of high rank; sup. tignastr 5/37
tignarnafn n. honorific title 101/23, 103/19
til adv. available, ready v41/1 (with ek á; or prep. with gen. brú›ar,
NN 1098); prep. with gen., to 47/30 (with fóru), for, in order to414

Skáldskaparmál

gain v187/2, as 2/36, 3/37, 48/5, as for 5/28, for the purpose of orin regard to v264/3 (see hollr)tilsœkir m. visitor (e–s to a place), one who travels (to a place) 19/14
tími m. time; í ﬂann tíma at that time 52/7, 105/32 (i. e. when Goti
was king?)
tindóttr a. spiky, with sharp points 21/23
tíreggja›r a. (pp.) spurred on by (desire for) glory v396/1 (with tiggi)
títt see tí›r
tív- see t‡rtjald n. awning, curtain 67/19; in kenning for shields, Hlakkar tjƒld
v231/1 (gen. with hefjendr)
tjalda (a›) wv. cover, hang (me› e–u with s–thing) 1/12
tjón n. loss (obj. of fregnum) v32/4
tjƒrn f. pool, small lake v477/4toglƒ› f. train, line of baggage animals or walkers (?) 106/34
tollurr m. stave, post; in kenning for warrior (ﬁórr), tvívi›ar t.
v90/6 (dat. with komat, in apposition to t‡vi)
torlei›i n. difficult route 24/28
tormi›la›r a. difficult, slow deliverer (beina of service (or of bones?),i. e. food) v94/1 and v305/1 (of ﬁjazi)
trani m. sword-name, ‘snout; thin stick’ v456/4
trau›r a. reluctant v121/4 (with fleygjanda, after hygg; that the earlis reluctant to leave Au›’s sister, the land of Norway, alone meansthat he loves her passionately, is determined to hold on to her)traust n. s–thing to be relied on, support, protection, security v212/2
tré n. tree 40/12 (1 and 2: both subj.), 20, 63/15, 17, 108/38, 39, 109/3
tregi m. sorrow 108/32; in kenning for winter (when snakes areinactive and so unhappy), orms t. v139/4 (acc. of time with var)tregr a. reluctant v189/5 (i. e. reluctantly paid, paid under pressure;cf. pp. 45–6)
trjáheiti n. tree-name 63/16
trjóna f. muzzle, snout (of an animal); face (of a hammer; or its
pein?—see Motz 1997, 331 and n. 1) v68/7 (gen. with trƒlls);
shaft, pole? v176/2 (‘warriors’ arms shall become (as if) inflexible
shafts’, i. e. unyielding?)tró› n. (collective) roof-battens (thin pieces of wood supporting thethatch), rafters v86/3 (dat. with (ﬂrungu) vi›, towards, against)
tro›a (tra›, trá›u) sv. tread (trans.) 49/33; md. pret. pl. trá›usk ﬂær
they (the giantesses) were trodden down (i. e. stabbed; with instr.
fylvingum) v86/3
tró›a f. pole, plank 63/28; = tree in kenning for woman, t. Hja›ninga
grjóts v204/2 (with sem fleiri, ‘like other women’, or ‘like othershield-maidens’, see Hja›ningar in Index)

Glossary415

trú f. faith 5/33; at ﬂeira t. according to their religion or belief 6/24
trúa (trú›i) wv. believe (á in) 5/30; with acc. and inf. 5/35; withdat. trust v152/4
trúr a. true v298/3 (with líkna)tryg› f. fidelity, troth 108/31
trygglauss a. unreliable, insecure, dangerous (deceitful, false?) v92/6(with far)tryggr a. reliable, trustworthy v73/7 (with ge›reynir, i. e. Loki)trƒ› f. (trodden) path; in kenning for sea, Sƒlsa bekkjar t. v258/4
trƒll n. troll, monster 20/19, 24/18, 40/38, v300a/1 (perhaps thecomplement rather than the subj.), 8; in kenning for ﬁórr’s hammer,Mjƒllnir, trjónu t. v68/7 (gen. with rúna; cf. 67/25, 71/5 andtrƒllkona)trƒllkona f. troll-wife 83/16; gen. pl. -kvinna 14/28, 67/25, 108/28,
v423/1, -kvenna v423 t. n.; i. e. enemy, damager 71/5
tunga f. tongue 46/37, 108/15, 17, 18; language; Dƒnsk tunga thearea where the Norse language was spoken, Scandinavia 52/1,
80/3; a tongue of land v502/6; in kenning for sword (-blade), me›alkafla t. v401/2 (gen. with or›a aflgjƒr›, parallel to naglfara bor›s)tungl n. (the) moon 33/25, 67/20, 85/21, 108/11; in kenning for trollwife, t. sjƒt-Rungnis v300a/2; for eye, t. brá v86/4 (gen. with loga)
tveir num. two v217/4 (with jƒfrum); f. tvær v159/3, v171/3; both
v396/2; tveim megin on both sides v193/2; í tvau in two (pieces)v181/8, v239/4, v399/4; gen. pl. in hváru tveggja (cf. hvárr,
hvártveggja) both v86/6 (dat. with sprundi)tvennr a. double, having two divisions; having two meanings, ambiguous,equivocal 109/11; in pl. two (of categories, i. e. they are double,
in two classes) 5/11
tvíbyr›ingr m. ‘double-boarded’, shield-name (‘made of two layersof wood’?) v470/8
tvíhenda (nd) wv. hold with both hands 21/35
tvíkendr a. (pp.) equivocal, having two significations, referring to
two things 109/12, 14 (cf. Háttatal 2/11–12: having two determinants;
see kenna)
tvívi›r m. ‘double wood’, bow (perhaps meaning a bow made oftwo pieces of wood, a composite bow) v467/2; in kenning for
warrior (ﬁórr) tvívi›ar tollurr v90/5
t‡framr a. very bold, god-bold, divinely bold (?) v92/5 (with tíva)(cf. t‡hraustr in Gylf. 25/12)
t‡na (d) wv. with dat. lose; destroy 49/15; md. be lost, perish 3/15, 29t‡r (tív- or t‡v-) m. god v92/5 (gen. pl. tíva with far); fró›ugr t. =Loki v99/1; dat. of advantage, for the god(s) tívi (tívum) v94/1,
v305/1 (with tormi›la›r or tálhreinn); in kenning for ﬁórr, karms

416

Skáldskaparmál

t. v90/5 (dat. t‡vi with komat, in apposition to tollur). Cf. rei›it‡r;
Hangat‡r, Farmat‡r, Hert‡r, Sigt‡r, etc., and T‡r in Index; probably
originally a common noun later understood in kennings as thename of the god T‡rtæla (d) wv. trick v152/3
tøgdrápa f. journey-drápa, poem (with refrains) about a journey(?);
a poem in the tøgdrápa form or metre; the name of a poem byﬁórarinn loftunga v200/4 (subj. of gƒr er) (cf. Háttatal p. 150;
perhaps originally togdrápa, cf. toga ‘pull’, i. e. row)tƒlvísi f. numeracy, calculation 109/10
tƒng f. (smith’s) tongs 25/30; in kenning for iron, ﬂang tangar
v53/2; tangar segi a lump of iron v87/6
tƒnn (pl. tennr, tennar or tenn; see note to 108/17) f. tooth 108/15,
17; lagar tennr, sea’s teeth = stones v345/2 (gen. with ræsina›r,i. e. steindr, painted (see steinn), or with vébrautar, making akenning for the sea)u›r f. wave v478/5 (or the name of one of Ægir’s daughters, see
36/26 and note to 36/25–6; cf. U›r (2) in Index)
úfr m. bear-name, ‘rough (shaggy; fierce)’ v510/7
ufsi m. coalfish (= sei›r (1)) v488/1
uggr m. fear, anxiety (obj. of ala) v38/1
ugla f. owl; fastening or batten on a ship; name for a ship v493/5
úlfli›r m. wrist 108/35 (cf. Gylf. ch. 25)
úlfr m. wolf 87/10, v318/2 (subj. of kom), v323/4, v340/3, v514/1;
harmer, snatcher, thief, abductor: snótar ú. i. e. ﬁjazi v93/2 andv341/2 (subj. of fló); in kennings, referring to Fenrir: for Ó›inn,úlfs bági v16/2, 9/28, for Loki, úlfs fa›ir v99/4, for Hel, úlfs lifra
v251/7; in kenning for warrior, úlfs tannlitu›r, he who stains thewolf’s teeth (i. e. with blood, by fighting battles and providing
corpses) v140/2. Cf. verúlfr
ullarlag›r m. tuft of wool 46/26
um (1) (= of (1)) prep. with dat. around v261/4 (i. e. with men in it;v. l. (TWUA) und); with acc. over 2/1, v77/4, v357 n. (after fellr)um (2) pleonastic particle (= of (3)) v182/2; with pp. v516/18
umband n. encircling band, in kenning for ocean, umband allra
landa v348/3 (gen. with har›viggs)
umgeypnandi m. (pres. p.) one who encloses in his palms or hands,
embracer, in kenning for Christ, u. alls heims v277/3 (subj. of lét;sá er belongs with this word)umgjƒr› f. encircler, belt; allra landa u. the Midgard serpent v43/2(subj., parallel to sonr Jar›ar, unless one of the phrases is the
subj. of a vb. in a later unquoted line)

Glossary417

una (›) wv. with dat. be content with; be happy with v59/2 (inf. withnama); una e–u illa be displeased with s–thing 59/4
una› n. pleasure, joy v138/2 (obj. of ræ›)und (1) prep. with acc. under (the power of) v10/4 (reference is towinning the land of Norway under his power as if she were awoman; cf. v121/2, v304/2, v309/4), v408/4; beneath v68/3, v225/2,
underneath v89/3; i. e. carrying, und hur›ir Hjarranda v254/5,
und hlífar v396/3 (or gekk und ‘raised’?), und randir i. e. in battle
v297/3; with dat. beneath v105/3 (with hausi), v108/4, v279/2
t. n., v311/1 (i. e. subject to), v351/1; i. e. (while) wearing v279/1,
v393/4; i. e. carrying v329/8; und sólu i. e. on earth v406/2, cf.
und jar›ar hƒslu v388/1
und (2) f. wound v319/2 (obj. of sleit; collective), v338/1 (obj. ofgaf ek); in kenning for blood, unda gjálfr v320/1
unda›r pp. wounded (e–u with s–thing) v329/10 (with annarr i. e.
hestr)
undarn n. a certain time in the morning, about 9 a.m.; the meal
taken at that time v340/1 (obj. of drekkr, or of fær?)undinn pp. of vinda
undirdregningr m. sword-name, ‘that which is drawn under(neath)’,i. e. into s–one’s possession? or under one’s cloak? v461/6
undirfjálfr n. refuge beneath; u. álfheims bliku refuge beneath theelf-world’s gleam(ing cloud) (i. e. underground, in the darkness ofmountains) = cave, in kenning for giants (deep hiding-place ofgold, NN 469) v91/3 (gen. with kálfa)undirhyggja f. dissembling 109/11
undirkúla f. ‘under-ball, -globe’; vazta u. = stone at the bottom of thesea 45/1, vaztundirkúla v150/3 (separated by tmesis; gen. with Ála)undskornir m. ‘wound-cleaver’, name for an eagle (as carrion bird) 92/1
ungr a. young v21/4 (with ek, ‘who am (still) young, while I am
young’), v105/1, 49/24, 25, 58/8, v191/3, v218/4 (with ﬂorn:‘when yet a young man’), v265/3 (with (unexpressed) subj. of var(v. l. in TWUA: fór), or as subst., ‘the young man’, i. e. Earl Eiríkr
Hákonarson), v290/4, v401/1 (with sér, ‘while still a young man’),v401/2 (with ƒ›lingr), 106/2, 107/34; ﬂegar ungr already at an
early age v390/1; ungar the young ones (girls) v181/3; of unga
around, over the young (men) v236/1 t. n.
unna (ann, unni) pret.-pres. vb. (1) grant; u. e–m e–s let s–one haves–thing v147/6, 46/9. (2) with dat. love 50/6
unnd‡r n. wave-beast, i. e. ship, in kenning for warriors, seafarers,
unnd‡rs runnar v229/2
unz conj. until v81/1 (links kom with preceding stanza), v102/1(links fundu ok bundu with preceding stanza; cf. á›r v71/1 and n.)418

Skáldskaparmál

upp adv. up v356/1, v392/2; aloft, in the air v140/1
upphaf n. beginning 5/32, v395/1 (obj. of heyri), v517/8 t. n.; pl.
origin (til e–s of s–thing) 3/12
upphiminn m. the heaven above, high heaven v67/4 (subj. of brann).
Cf. Old English upheofon
uppi adv. up 20/37; láta u. let be heard, proclaim v292/3
úr n. moisture, water (instr. with ﬂaf›an) v24/3
ur› f. heap of stones, gravel 1/32; ur›ar ﬂrjótr = giant v77/7
úrdrifinn a. (pp.) spray-driven v127/2 (with Sleipnir)ur›u see ver›aúrsvalr a. spray-cold v126/4
út adv. out; i. e. out at sea, to the west: út fyrir out off, past, beyond v133/3
úti adv. outside; i. e. to be out at sea v404/2; úti á onto the outsideof v229/1
útan adv. outside; on the outside, exterior 50/21; on the outside, i. e.
out on the coast v120/1, v123/1; fyrir útan through to the outside
25/33; as prep. with acc. outside, beyond v516/21
útrƒst f. outlying land (coastal land? or out in the sea?—there may
be word-play on some actual place-name) v61/1 (obj. of byggja)útvé n. outlying sanctuary; in kenning for giants, Danir fló›rifsútvés Danes of the distant rock-sanctuaries, of the mountains, ofgiantland v84/8
útver n. fishing place in an outlying place, on an island; = land in
kenning for sea, Meita ú. v265/4 (gen. with skí›i). Kock, NN 550,
takes útvers hersi as ‘lord of the outlying island(s)’; Meita skí› isadequate as a kenning for shipuxi, oxi (pl. øxn) m. ox 1/18 (einn uxann one of the oxen), 6/5, 76/6,
90/3, v331/1 (gen. pl. yxna), 109/18, v503/2 and t. n.
vá f. danger, distress v84/4 (cf. note)va› n. ford v56/2 (gen. with Ví›gymnir; the V. of the ford of Vimur
is ﬁórr), 17/13
va›a (ve›r, ó›) sv. wade 17/13, 22/25, v72/2, v80/1, 48/10, v324/1;
of a ship (conceived as an animal) sailing v259/7, with acc., stepover, across or through v260/1, v372/2 (obj. (brim)sló›ir; thesubj. would probably have been in the part of the verse not quoted,
though conceivably it was unexpressed); pres. ve›r steps (of thesun) v135/1
vá›ir f. pl. clothes, clothing; in kenning for coat of mail, Hƒgna v.
v288/4 (acc. with lætr, subj. of glymja)va›r m. (fishing-)line v42/1
váfrei› f. swinging or hovering, floating (i. e. flying?) chariot;
hreggs v. = ﬁórr’s chariot v86/6 (gen. with húfstjóri)Glossary419

vafrlogi m. flickering flame 47/32, 33, 48/1, 17; moving, wandering
flame: heims skála v. = the sun v136/4
vagn m. carriage, chariot, waggon 18/3, 18/15 t. n., 76/6; a constellation(English Wain, used of Ursa Major and Ursa Minor) 33/25; inkennings for ships, v. hlunns v266/2 (dat. with ók), Haka v. v67/7(gen. pl. vƒgna (cf. Noreen 1923, § 81; or perhaps this is gen. pl.
of vƒgn f. ‘whale’, see under váttr) with reinar)
vagnbraut f. road of the constellation Wain, i. e. the sky v109/4(gen. with valdr)vágr m. bay; wave 96/24, v495/4; v. Rƒgnis (the mead of) poetry
v34/1 (see note); in kenning for the Midgard serpent, vágs œgir‘bay-menacer’ v366/2. Kock (NN 2205F) takes vágs byrsendir asa kenning for Hymir (‘sender of sea-storms’) and leaves œgir asa term for the serpent on its own (i. e. without a determinant, butwith rƒngum, NN 2206D)
vágﬂr‡str a. wave-pressed v124/1 (with bógu)
vaka (›) wv. be awake, wake up 50/11; be aroused, kindled? v177/3;
subjunc.vaki let him awake (at to) v163/7; imp. vaki ﬂú v176/4, 5;
stay awake v343/1
vakna (a›) wv. awake 47/24, 50/10, v154/2 (inf. after knátti at;
v. vi› illan draum wake in response to an evil dream, ironically,
meaning awake to something that seemed an evil dream, i. e.
awake to cruel reality)
vákr m. weakling 106/12
val n. choice(st), flower (with gen. pl., of) v5/4—but see valr (2)and cf. Haddingjar in Index
valbassi m. boar (val- ‘slaughter’?—cf. valr (2)) v513/5 (cf. bassi)valbƒst f. part of a sword-hilt v461/8
vald n. power 80/3; v17/4? cf. tamr
valda (olli) irreg. v. with dat. rule (over); have power (over s–thing),
manage, bring about (s–thing) 22/7; control v270/4 (inf. with má);cause, be responsible for v68/2 (obj. ﬂví, this), 24/21, be the causeof v202/2, v397/2 (ﬂví it, i. e. what was said in line 1); kva› hvat
ﬂví v. said s–thing was behind it v305/4 (inf. with kva›)
valdi m. ruler (with gen. salar of the sky) v17/4 (in apposition to
Valgautr); cf. valdvaldr m. ruler (with gen. over), controller v109/3 (subj. of fagnar;
cf. note); munka v. = God (or Christ) v388/3 (dat. with nærri)valdreyri m. ‘slaughter-blood’, the blood of slaughter v178/8
valdreyrugr a. ‘slaughter-bloody’, bloody with slaughter v176/3(understand skulu, shall become)valfall n. the fall of the slain (those who fall slain), the fallenslain 30/13

420

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valglitnir m. name for a boar, ‘slaughter-shiner’ or ‘pleasant-shiner’(cf. val and v343/4 t. n.) v513/1
valhrímnir m. ‘slaughter-crier’, helmet-name v472/4
valkyrja f. valkyrie v14/2 (acc. with hykk, with inf. fylgja), 47/25,
66/16; acc. pl. with bæ›a, perhaps subj. of preceding infinitives aswell as of the following one v20/9. Cf. Gylf. ch. 36 and 46/39
valkƒstr m. pile of men slain in battle; pl., obj. of hló› v218/4(heaping up corpses is to fight fierce battles); in kenning forblood, valkastar bára v94/6 (gen. with már)
vallangr m. sword-name, ‘corpse-pain’ (i. e. val-angr (ÁBM); it is
written valangr in A and B) v454/2
valmar v178/7 is unexplained; it may be an a. f. pl. but if so themeaning is unknown; it may be intended for valmær (vocative) orvalmeyjar (complement of eruma). Of the suggested emendations,va›nar (pp. of va›a) is perhaps the most acceptable; or varmar(cf. varmr: ‘we are not yet warm’?).
valmær (pl. -meyjar) f. slaughter-, death-maiden, valkyrie 67/17
valnir m. sword-name, ‘chooser’, ‘choice’? v454/3
valr m. (1) falcon 2/17, 108/37; in kenning for raven, gallópnis ví›isv. v343/4 (dat. with vel leizk: when things look good to the raven
a battle is imminent). Cf. Index
valr m. (2) the slain in battle 72/25; slaughtered bodies, the fallen
v5/4 (or from val n.; see Haddingjar in Index), v9/1
valshamr m. falcon shape 2/11, 24/22, 30/11
valstƒ› f. falcon-perch, arm v191/2 (acc. with á)vamm n. blemish v16/4 (dat. with fir›a; ‘faultless’); evil, disgrace,
shame, wickedness v82/2 (gen. with strí›kvi›jundum)
vámr m. loathsome person 106/12
ván f. hope, expectation; ﬂess var engi v. there was no chance of that
42/39; lítil ván var there was little likelihood 46/12; eigi vita sér
ván e–s not know where to look for s–thing 4/17; e–m er e–s v. ate–m one can expect s–thing from s–one, one can look forward tos–thing from s–one 21/18; ætti af honum øngrar væg›ar ván had
no hope of his giving way 72/13; ﬂótti ván at it seemed likely that
22/23; til vánar see vƒrnvanda (a›) wv. work carefully, shape with skill v342/2 (inf. withvil ek)vandliga adv. carefully 45/39
vandr a. (n. vant) (1) difficult v405/4 (dat. vandum with sta›; on
the unmutated vowel see Hreinn Benediktsson 1963); n. as adv.
(or a. n., at = which?) 109/19. (2) hard to please, painstaking,careful (e–u in, with s–thing) v203/4 (with ek); carefully chosen,polished (of words) v313/2

Glossary421

vándr a. bad, wicked v93/8 t. n.
vandræ›askáld n. troublesome poet (nickname; cf. Hkr I 331; ÍF
VIII, 155) 35/27, 65/10
vangr m. plain, field v501/5; i. e. battle-field (or of vangi on thelandscape, in sight?) v2/4 (phrase belongs with er arnar flaug)vaningi m. boar (‘Van-born’, see Vanr in Index; or ‘castrated’, cf.
vanr (2)) v513/8
vanr (1) a. accustomed (with at and inf.) 20/31; with dat. (of Ó›inn)
v16/3; with gen., vanir gangs gunnvargs, accustomed to battle, ofthe Æsir v76/1 (or vanr (2), wanting battle; as subst., subj. of gengu)
vanr (2) a. lacking (e–s); landa v. stillir ruler without lands, i. e.
sea-king (Hƒgni father of Hildr) v252/2
vápn n. weapon 18/3 t. n., 21/10, 27, 40/10, 11, 50/14, v176/3(understand skulu [ver›a]), 59/1, 64/26, 66/15, 67/17, 72/1 (subj.,
understand eru kƒllu›), 72/28, 74/4, 5, v407/4, 108/36, 109/9,
v468/2; Egils v. = bow and arrows v229/4 (gen. with hryngráp)
vápnlauss a. (when one is) unarmed 21/7, 12
vár n. spring 99/6, 16
var›a (a›) wv. defend, guard; ﬂat er hann skal v. which he has todefend (with grunn hvert) v333/7
vargr m. wolf v34/1 t. n., 76/1, 87/8, 9, 88/1, v322/1 (gen. withmunr), 88/9, v514/1 and t. n.; (i. e. savager, enemy) 39/14; criminal
v247/2 (gen. with óﬂyrmir); = v. í véum, one who commits a crimein a holy place 6/24; sword-name v461/7
vargynja f. she-wolf v515/2
vári m. trusty one or defender; ragna rein-vári = Heimdallr (seerein) v64/4 (subj. of breg›r)
varmr a. warm v320/4
varn = vƒrn v148/4 (see Hreinn Benediktsson 1963)
varna (a›) wv. refuse, withhold (e–s s–thing) 59/2; defend: pres. p.
varnendr go›a defenders of the gods (Ó›inn, Loki, Hœnir) v95/8(subj. of váru farnir)
varnan f. caution; taking care to avoid; bo›it til varnanar made(declared) something to be avoided, taboo 22/31
varr a. aware; ver›a e–s varr realise s–thing 25/23, discover s–thing
41/6, 30
varta f. a band, = brandr (Falk 1912, 45), i. e. a carved decorationon the side of a ship’s prow (brandr (1)); or the block between
the steering oar and the side of a ship (Shetelig and Falk 1937,367) v498/6
vartari m. a kind of (ribbon-like?) fish v488/2 (cf. Index)
vaska (a›) wv. with dat. wash v346/2
vaskr a. manly, bold 106/5

422

Skáldskaparmálvatn n. water 46/25, 29, v285/1 (á vatni: at sea), v320/3 (i. e. withthe river-water), v477/3 (= sea), v479 t. n. (= river); allra vatna of
all kinds of waters (i. e. sea, rivers, lakes) 40/31; lake 41/11, 15,
45/22, 58/25
vatnsrƒdd f. ‘water-voice’, part of kenning for gold; rƒdd Ála
vatnsundirkúla voice of the Áli of the water’s depth-globe, Áli ofstone = giant v150/2 t. n.; see vƒzt. Vazt- is required by the rhyme
váttr m. witness, watcher; frequenter, in kenning for giant (Hrungnir),
myrkbeins Haka vƒgna reinar v., frequenter of the rock, rockdweller v67/8 (acc. with frá ek). Since this kenning has an unnecessary number of determinants, Kock (NN 226) assumes two
kennings, reinar myrkbeins Haka, ‘Haki of the dark bone of earth,of stone, i. e. giant’ as obj. of frá, and vagna (vƒgna) váttr (vƒgn= hvalr = Hvalr, a giant; ofljóst) as subj. of ﬂátti
váveifliga adv. with frightening suddenness 6/14
vaxa (vex, óx) sv. grow 41/33; increase v357 n., v374/1; become
stronger v365/2; (of a river) rise 25/6, v72/4, imp. with suffixed
neg. and pron. vaxattu rise thou not v72/1; of ﬁórr’s might, swellv72/5 (e–m for or in s–one), vaxa sér til salﬂaks would swell in
him up to the sky v79/8 (inf. with lætr); of the mead of poetry
conceived as a wave, swell, become audible v35/2, similarly v302/3(i. e. it develops); causative, increase (trans.) v293/1 (or irreg.
pres. of vexa? Cf. v. l. (U) eykr (see auka), which also adds
alliteration; or har›ræ›it hvert is adv., at every trial)vazt(-) see vƒztvé n. sanctuary, holy place; of the resting place of the sun at night,
the sun’s bed v135/2; ƒll ginnunga vé (pl.) = the whole sky v66/4(subj. of knáttu brinna)vébraut f. sacred road; = the sea? v345/4 (gen. with ræsina›r, therushing serpent of the sea, a kenning for a dragon-ship; or perhaps
lagar tanna v. is a kenning for the sea). Kock, NN 228, 231, takes
vébraut to mean ‘standard-path, warpath’; see noteve›fé n. stake (in a wager) 42/38
ve›ja (a›) wv. wager (with dat. of the stake; ﬂar fyrir on it) 20/22;vi› e–n with s–one 41/35
ve›jun f. wager 42/18
ve›r (1) n. weather, esp. wind 33/26, 35/21, 66/15, 72/1, 73/31, 74/3
(complement), 74/8, 90/16, 17, 25, v352/4 (pl., subj.), v365/3; inkennings for battle, Hárs v. (at in) v220/2, ﬂat v. boga v250/4(obj. of fœri, see note; Kock, NN 1505, takes ve›rbo›a as ‘stormofferer, warrior’, i. e. He›inn, gen. with fárhuga); in kenning forthought, determination, courage (hugr, see 108/28), Járnsaxa v.
v293/2 (subj. or obj. of vex)

Glossary423ve›r (2) m. ram, wether 90/14, v507/9 (a horse, SnE 1848–87, II 487)ve›r (3) see va›ave›rgla›r m. ‘weather-glad’ (i. e. ‘rejoicing in battle’?), shieldname v469/6ve›rheimr m. weather- or wind-world 90/17
ve›rmildr a. ‘weather-liberal, wind-liberal’, with geira, liberal withthe wind of spears, i. e. with battle, warlike v304/3 (of Earl Eiríkr)ve›rstafr m. ‘weather-stave’, in kenning for warriors, v. Vi›ris vandar,
stave of the weather of Vi›rir’s rod (sword, or perhaps spear), i. e.
of battle v255/3 (but cf. 74/2–4 and note to verse 255). The phrase
could belong with or› lék rather than with ruddave›rviti m. weather-vane (on a ship) v346/4
vefa (óf) sv. weave, bring (blow) together, cause to cross each otherv125/1
vefja (vaf›i) wv. wrap; mátti v. (hann) saman it could be folded up
42/24
vega (vá) sv. (1) strike; v. gagn strike a victorious blow, achieve
victory v44/2; fight; v. at attack 22/5, 49/13; kill 48/15, 107/37; v.
e–u wield, fight with s–thing v91/1; pp. as a. veginn slain v20/4
vega (vá) sv. (2) weigh v116/1
vegandi m. (pres. p.) killer 14/28
veggjalestir (spelled ‘vægia-’ in R) m. sword-name, ‘wall-damager’(referring to the wall of shields, or to veggr as base-word in
kenning for shield) v456/8
veggr (gen. veggjar or veggs) m. wall 24/26, 25/33, v89/4 (gen.
with fótlegg), 67/19; in kenning for shield(-wall), Hildar v. v231/3(gen. with hregg-Nir›ir), 69/5, for house, veggjar vigg v73/7
veggﬂili n. wall-panel 1/12
vegr m. way; distance v99/2; path 46/28; stiklei›ar v. the paththrough the river v77/6 (acc. with lei› ór sta›); mána v. = sky
v65/8 and v108/4 (subj. of dun›i); in kenning for sea, Ránar v.
v356/4; annan veg in any other way 5/31, 61/16, 90/26
vegtaug f. ‘way-thread’, in kenning for rock, vegtaugar jótr = taugar
veg-jótr, tooth of the (fishing-) line’s way, of the sea v89/6
vegﬂverrir m. ‘honour-diminisher’, in kenning for ﬁórr, v. varra
hjalts Nƒnnu, giantess-defeater, -destroyer v77/1
vei›a (dd) wv. hunt, catch 41/6 (fish for; ﬂat er . . . í in which);
pp. n. veitt caught, hit 45/8
vei›arfœri n. pl. fishing-gear v46/4 (obj. of bjó; sín belongs with it)vei›i-Áss m. hunter-Áss 19/32
vei›r f. hunting, fishing (expedition) 40/10, 49/32; catch 45/8, 13
veig f. (cup of) (strong) drink (the mead of poetry) v17/1 (pl.)
veigarr m. sword-name, ‘with gold thread round the hilt’ v454/1

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veita (tt) wv. give, grant, provide (e–m for s–one) v5/2, 40/6, 19,v172/3, 109/17; do (e–t e–m s–thing to or for s–one) 21/14; help
(with dat.) 50/2, 8; pres. p. giver, payer (of money) 80/10
veitt see also vei›aveizla f. feast, banquet 41/1, 4, 5, 49/7
vekja (vak›i) wv. wake (trans.) 72/25; subjunc. after hug›umk (‘that
I . . .’) v20/5
vel adv. well v52/1 (i. e. it is a good thing that . . .), v59/7, v163/8,
v343/1, 4 t. n.; properly 67/26, v175/6 (i. e. no proper rest, it will
not be freely granted); finely v368/2; i. e. fast v261/3 (but seevƒrn); very v221/4 (with hœfr); very much, highly v148/3; lætrﬂat vel vera says that is a good idea, agrees 4/27; vel ﬂykkir it isthought complimentary 40/16, it is considered acceptable 41/17
vél f. trick, cunning plan 4/26 (ef: to see whether); instr. pl. bystratagems v102/5 (with lei›ir aptr; or (less likely) with véltr)véla (t) wv. entrap or deal with; ﬂú skalt véltr you shall be entrapped(dealt with? treated harshly? i. e. punished) v102/5
vélandi m. (pres. p.) tricker 20/5
veldi n. realm v109/3; rule v398 n. (dat. with heldr)velfœrr m. ‘the easily crossable’, euphemism for the sea v476/1
velgr m. ‘warm one’, helmet-name v473/2
vélræ›i n. deception 109/11
vélsparr a. sparing of trickery, guileless v95/7 (with varnendr)
velta (1) (lt) wv. with dat. (cause to) roll v170/1
velta (2) (valt, pp. oltinn) sv. roll; oltinn af hagli swirled over byhail v77/3 (with hlaupár)
veltisto› f. rocking, moving support; in kenning for woman, sjá v.
straumtungls v206/3 (subj. of hƒfumk stiltan; velti- may mean
unreliable, or just that the sto› is living, not dead wood)
vendir see vƒndr
vengi n. poop, a raised deck in the stern of a ship, perhaps forming
the roof of a cabin (Falk 1912, 10 (vængi); LP vengi (3)) v498/3;
in kenning for ship, vengis hjƒrtr v261/4
venja (van›i, vani›r) wv. accustom; v. úti accustom (ships) to beout, i. e. take them on frequent expeditions v404/1
ver n. (1) ‘wetness’ (?), name for the sea 92/26, 93/28, v350/1,
v476/3; in kenning for mountains, ver gaupu v77/4 (perhaps belongs
under ver (2), i. e. ‘lynx’s hunting-ground’
ver n. (2) fishing place, fishing station, i. e. land; himintƒrgu ver (=land sólar) the sky v76/3 (gen. with dreyra)
vera (var) (forms in -s, such as vesa, vas, are rarely presupposed by
the rhymes (as in v286/1) and are never used in the MS) sv. be
v261/2; váru i. e. were now v101/7; var ﬂar there was there v85/6;

Glossary425with suffixed neg. erat there is not v388/1, eruma we are not v178/7,
vara was not v93/7 (with pp. forming pass.), v94/7, there was nov172/5, varattu you were not v166/1; vérom = vér erum we are v405/2(Noreen § 158 n. 2); ﬂá er várum i. e. when I (?) was v221/2; subjunc.
ek sjá v15/4, sé ok and let there be v317/3; stay v262/2 (inf. withgetr); be present v144/4; mean, signify 61/14 (be signified by?), 16(cf. note), cf. 90/28; af hverju eru from whence originate 20/17; (ekki) er
at with inf. one must (not) = (it) must (not) be with pp. 5/25, 28;
v. at turn to v321/2 (A and B have var› at); with pp. to form pass.
var fœr›r v85/5, ró haf›ar are kept v159/5, leiddar váru v160/2; ﬂúvart sviptr you were deprived v379/2; with pp. of intrans. vb. v95/7,
v99/6, v159/1; ﬂá var komin when (now that) . . . was come v101/3
ver›a (var›, ur›u, or›inn) sv. become 3/23, 25/23, v98/1, 52/21,
v334/2; get 22/30; be 22/29, 72/19; come to be v75/1, v410/3;
heitinn v. come to be called v180/6; take place 25/24, v85/3,
v104/4, v154/5; originate 22/1; turn out to be v59/1, 21/22 (e–mfor s–one); var› existed, came to be, appeared v408/1; of future,
will (turn out to) be v107/1; ne mun ver›a i. e. there will never beone (ættstu›ill) who will be v299/2; as aux. of pass. v129/3,
48/37, ur›u bar›ir v156/5, v279/3, ver›a gjƒr v309/2 (inf. withlætr), var› ro›in v320/1; impers., var› au›it v387/2; e–t var› ﬂar
af it turned into s–thing 3/22; v. at come to be (the instrument of),be the basis of 3/38, turn to (being) v106/1 (of future time), turninto 72/29; ver›a til undertake 40/35; with inf. must v36/1, v230/1,
be forced to v99/5, be made to v399/3; v. at with inf. have to, must
78/17, v409/1, v434/6, be forced to v228/4 (subj. unexpressed, or
impers., ‘it was necessary to’); with suffixed neg., var›at at did
not have to v68/5; ur›ut with a. did not become, were not v101/1
ver›r (1) (n. vert) a. worth, deserving of (with gen.) 24/19, v293/4(with har›ræ›it or ve›r; or more generally, the king’s achievements);meira v. of greater value, a greater achievement 48/17
ver›r (2) m. food, meal 87/9, 90/27, v340/4
ver›ung f. mercenary troop (‘worthy troop’?—cf. hei›menn) 80/27,
v285/2 (acc. with frá, subj. of ger›u), v445/8
verja (var›i) wv. defend v115/1, v190/8, v310/1, v312/1, v393/2;(fyrir against, from) 79/31; v. sik e–m defend o–self from s–one
v243/4; pp. inflected acc. m. sg. var›an v50/2; var›r e–u enclosed
in s–thing, wrapped round (fastened?) with s–thing v179/7 (withste›r; perhaps a different verb, verja ‘clothe’)verjandi m. (pres. p.) defender 14/27
verk n. work 4/18, v203/3 (dat. with vandr); cf. mannsverk; deed
5/21, 6/28, 30/16, 33/22, 40/5, 9 t. n.; v. vísa or v. Rƒgnis, i. e.
poetry v34/2 (abs. according to Reichardt 1928, 199; see note)426

Skáldskaparmál

verki m. (literary) work, poetry 85/15
verkma›r m. workman, labourer 4/17, v448/8
vérom see vera
verpa (varp) sv. with dat. throw v110/1; i. e. give away v199/1;
p. subjunc. vyrpi 42/33 (til at s–thing); impers. verpr e–u s–thingis thrown v354/4; varp sorg á mey (many a) maid was afflictedwith sorrow v378/4
verr (1) m. husband 14/26, 17/29, 19/20, 20/4, 36/25, 108/3;
man 105/25; cf. verúlfr and Verr in Index
verr (2) adv. comp. worse (see hafa) v377/4
verstr a. sup. worst; ﬂat er henni ﬂœtti verst what would hurt her
most 50/5; v. e–u harshest to, very harsh towards s–thing (viz.
gold, i. e. he was always giving it away, he was very generous) v150/1
verúlfr m. sword-name, ‘werewulf’, or ‘wolf, i. e. destroyer, ofmen’ (or possibly two names, verr, úlfr, as in T, cf. A, ‘verr vifr’,and B, ‘ver vigr’) v454/3
verƒld f. world 48/14, v409/4; verƒld alla the whole world v269/4(obj. of skóp)
vesalingr m. wretched, mean person 106/16
vestan adv. from the west, eastwards v124/1; in the west: eyjar
vestan i. e. Orkney and Shetland v408/3
vestr adv. west(wards) v348/1, v350/1 (to England)vétlimi (or -lími?) m. shield-name (‘battle-limb’ or ‘battle-bundle’)v469/5. The first element may be vétt- or vætt-, see ÁBM under vætt-.
vet-Mímir m. ‘winter-Mímir’ (vet- for vetr-; thus C at v516/15, see
Index; or ‘wetness-Mímir’?), a name for the sky 85/18
vetr m. winter 39/20, 99/6, 15, 17, 101/11; at vetri when wintercame 4/23; i. e. year v169/1 (acc. of time), 101/12
vetrli›i m. ‘winter-passer’, ‘winter-survivor’, a name for a (oneyear-old?) bear (or refers to hibernation?) 75/14, 88/6, v511/2; inkenning for ship, v. rastar v260/2 (subj. of ó›), v. skí›a v363/3(subj. of œsisk)
vetrungr m. yearling 90/13
véttrim f. ‘battle-strip’, along the edge of a sword-blade or part of
the hilt v461/3
vexa (t) wv. cause to grow, cause to rise; impers. brim vexti the surf
increased, the sea rose v355/2. Cf. vaxa
veykr a. weak 106/11
vi› prep. with acc. by, at the side of 45/5, v375/4, near v399/1,
v400 n. (off), v403/4; rétt vi› just next to v245/2 (cf. réttr (1));
with (enjoying) v409/3; as a result of v44/4 and v82/8; of time, at
6/13; with dat. together with v155/1; in the face of v82/4 (withfalli); towards, against v86/3; against v83/3, 7; for, to take v315/1

Glossary427

ví›a adv. widely 3/18. Cf. ví›ir, ví›r
ví›bláinn m. ‘wide-blue’, a name for the sky (cf. dwarf/giant name
Bláinn (Vƒluspá 9; SnE 1848–87, II 469)) 85/18. See Indexví›bleiknir m. ‘far-shiner’, shield-name v469/7
ví›fe›mir m. wide-embracer, a name for the sky 85/18. See Indexví›frægr a. far-famed (with Hroptat‡r) v8/2
ví›heimr m. wide world 90/17 t. n.
ví›ir m. ‘wide one’, name for the sea (cf. Viddi in Index) 94/20,
v354/3 (obj. of verpr), v476/2; in kenning for blood, gallópnis v.
v343/2 (gen. with val)vi›kenning, vi›rkenning f. circumlocution, a description (of a person)in terms of something else (i. e. in terms of an attribute or ‘accidental’;
cf. kenna vi›) 107/13, 24, 108/5
vi›nir m. ‘forest-haunter’, wolf v514/5
vi›r (1) m. tree 1/32, v118/4 (instr. with gróna; collective, withtrees, woods), 39/14, 19, 40/12, 13, 21, 41/28, 46/38, 64/26, 65/5,
67/26, 108/21, 36; wood (material, of a ship) v354/3, v357 n. (thephrase goes with fellr), v361/2; pl. timbers (of a ship) v351/2 (obj.
of ﬂvær); in kennings for ship, v. skjaldar v105/2, v. varra v362/3;
in kenning for warriors, v. brynju v228/2 (dat. with hru›usk); forwind, destroyer of trees, vi›ar mor› v365/2
vi›r (2) m. (= vinnr or vinnandi, cf. vinna) performer, achiever 40/11
vi›r (3) pres. of vinna
vi›r (4) adv. = vi› v47/1 (cf. vi› and see breg›a)ví›r a. wide, broad v8/1 (with báli), 21/25, v110/1 (with munnlaug),
v261/1 (with Sikiley; Kock, NN 2266, wishes to read ví›i as obj.
of snei›, see ví›ir; the word could also be ví›a adv.); gen. as adv.
ví›s fjarri far away 43/2
vi›reign f. dealings (with s–one), management 25/2
vi›rkenning = vi›kenningvi›rlit n. look (at s–thing), glance (towards), (the act of) facing 108/10
víf n. wife 107/29, v438/5; Óska v. = Jƒr›, i. e. jƒr›, land (ofljóst;
i. e. Norway?) v383/4 (obj. of tekr)
víg n. killing, slaying 2/23, 40/10, 11, 14, 64/27; slaughter, battle
v16/3 (dat. with vanr), 19/19, 74/3, v285/1 (ﬂat v. at such a battle
as; obj. of ger›u), v313/1, v450/1
vígdjarfr a. battle-bold, bold in battle; hinn vígdjarfi v190/7
víg-frekr a. battle-bold, -greedy, rapacious in battle v95/6 (withving-Rƒgnir)
víg-Freyr m. ‘battle-Freyr’, kenning for warrior (indefinite) v383/1(gen. with líf ; Kock, NN 717, apparently takes it to mean Ó›inn,
in apposition to Óska (óskvíf Kock 1946–9, I 137))
vigg n. horse (cf. Index); poetical word for a ship (Falk 1912, 87;428

Skáldskaparmál

perhaps originates in kennings or is a ‘half-kenning’) v494/5; in kenning for house, dwelling, veggjar v. ‘wall-horse’ v73/8 (gen. with til)viggi m. ox-name (‘wedged’, referring to shape of horns?) v503/9
víggla›r m. ‘battle-glad or -bright’, shield-name v469/8
vígglƒ› f. ‘battle-glad or -bright’, name for an axe v463/8 (cf. Index
and 71/5)
viggr m. horse; in kenning for ship, part of kenning for sea-warrior,viggr byrjar v10/2 (gen. with ﬂiggjandi)
vígligr a. warlike v67/7 (with sinn bana)vigr f. spear v464/2 (perhaps originally a flexible piece of wood; see
Index)
vigrir m. boar-name (‘bearing spears’, i. e. tusks? or ‘warlike’?) v513/7
vígspjƒll n. pl. tidings of war, indicator of war v177/3
vígvƒllr (dat. -velli) m. battlefield 72/26, 28
vígƒrr a. battle-keen, vigorous, or liberal with warfare, active in
warfare v390/2 (complement of var)vík f. bay v477/4
vika f. (1) week 99/6
vika f. (2) a measure of distance at sea, league v477/1
víkingr m. Viking v378/2 (apparently referring to the men of Haraldrhar›rá›i’s army), 105/26; in kenning for Æsir, Gauta setrs víkingar
v80/3 (subj. of ó›u)víkja (veyk) sv. turn 59/29
vikna (a›) wv. give way, bend, flex v134/1
vikr f. pumice (stone); in kenning for whetstone, stála v. v70/7(subj. of stó›)vil f. desire, (pious or forlorn) hope v397/1 (complement, with er
mest, it is the greatest hope)vilgi adv. very (with ví›u) v8/1; not at all (litotes) v8/1 t. n., v42/2,
v73/7 (with tryggr)
vili m. wish, desire 108/27; joy v163/7
vilja (d) wv. (1) with acc., desire (to have) s–thing v33/1, v238/2; v.
e–t agree to s–thing 3/32; Loki vil ﬂat Loki agrees to this 1/36;
impers. ef ﬂat vildi if (one) so desired 42/25; hvert (hverja) . . . er
vill any . . . one likes 108/9, 29; abs. vildu svá wished it (tohappen) v68/4, ef vill if desired, if one desires 105/19. (2) with
at-clause, want 4/9. (3) with inf. wish, be willing v24/2 (with of
freista), v76/6 (with brjóta), 48/11, v176/6, 58/10, 107/14; try
25/27 n., 49/15, v157/4 (implied subj. is Ham›ir and Sƒrli); intend
v152/3, 7; vili› ﬂér if you are willing, if you agree 1/25; vili› doyou wish v237/1; with suffixed neg. vildit did not want v366/1;
desire v61/4, v384/3
villask (lt) wv. md. go astray 5/33

Glossary429vílmƒgr m. miserable person, wretch; moaner 106/13
vilnir m. name for a bear, ‘greedy one’? v510/7
vilsinnr m. ‘pleasant company, journey’? ‘pleasant companion’? orvílsinnr m. dangerous journey, adversity, in kenning for trollwife, v300a/5
vilskarpr m. ‘shrivelled-gut’, name for a bear (from its emptinessafter hibernation?) 88/7, v511/4
viltisto› f. astray-making support? v206/3 t. n.
vin see vinr
vín n. wine v20/9, 40/17, ?v291/4 t. n.
vina f. female friend, mistress; Hergauts v. = Jƒr›, i. e. the earth(ofljóst), in kenning for stones, Hergauts vinu her›im‡lar v156/8
vinaraugu n. pl. friendly eyes 21/4 (instr.)
vinda (vatt, pp. undinn) sv. wind, twist; pp. with festa, twisted v126/2
vindáss m. windlass v498/3 (Falk 1912, 81)
vindr m. wind 39/13, 90/18, v332/1; in kennings for thought, v.
trƒllkvinna 108/28, bergjarls brú›ar v. v41/3 (obj. of á; Kock (NN1098) takes the kenning to be bergjarls v. and takes brú›ar withtil); for sky, vinda munnlaug v110/2
vindﬂvari m. sword-name, ‘wind-spike’, ‘twisted, twisting spike’;or ‘Wendish sword’? v456/4
vinfastr a. firm in friendship v360/4 (with Lofn)
vingjƒf f. gift of a friend, kindly gift (i. e. a reward for the poem;
dat. obj. of rá›a) v36/4
víngno› f. wine-ship (Gno› is the name of a ship, see Index); Hert‡s(Ó›inn’s) v. is one of the vats containing the mead of poetry,bailing which is to produce verse v18/4 (gen. with austr)
ving-Rƒgnir m. ‘land-Ó›inn’, i. e. ‘land-lord’ in kenning for giant(ﬁjazi), v. vagna, (= Rƒgnir ving-vagna), chief of the land-whales,of giants v95/5 (subj. of lét sígask). Cf. NN 136 and Vingﬂórr in
Index
vinna (pres. vi›r, p. vann) sv. work, perform 4/22, 24/17, v272/3;
do 40/18, v263/4 (inf. with mega); achieve 6/28, v194/7, v214/3; v. e–m
ﬂess ei›a at swear s–one oaths to this, that, promise s–one on oath
that, swear to s–one that 24/34; with acc. and a., make s–one
s–thing v198/1, v382/3; with acc. and pp. v. hlaupár fetrunnarcause the swollen rivers to be crossed by foot v77/2; pres. p.
vinnandi achiever 40/9, 11; md. be worked, served (sjálft byitself, i. e. it did itself, served itself) 41/5
vinnbjartr m. sword-name, ‘wind-bright’ (i. e. vind-; thus C) v454/4
vin(r) m. friend v150/1, v291/4 t. n., v362/4 (pl., obj. of kyr›u),
107/20, v445/7; in kennings for Ó›inn, Míms v. v15/5, 9/28,
v37/1 (gen. with glaumbergs); for Loki, Hœnis v. v94/7 (subj. of430

Skáldskaparmálvara), v98/7 (gen. with hendr), hrafn-Ásar v. v95/4 (subj. of hlaut
blása)
vir›ar m. pl. men v397/3 (gen. with dróttins), 105/24
virki n. fortification v378/3
virtr m. unfermented beer, wort v70/7 t. n.
vísa (1) (a›) wv. with dat. direct v348/4 (pp. (impers.) with léztu);
impers. pass. be shown 25/21
vísa (2) f. verse, stanza 95/9
vísi m. leader, director, ruler, king v20/10, v34/1 (Earl Hákon; acc.
or dat. with fyrir or gen. with verk, see note), v148/3 (gen. with
varn; or dat., by the prince?), v190/7 (Hrólfr kraki; subj. of gladdi,
in apposition to gunnveitir), v244/2 (unidentified), v378/3 (Haraldrhar›rá›i; gen. with brími, caused by; or with víkingar or borgar?—see note), 100/2, v383/1 (King Óláfr of Sweden); lord (i. e. God,or Ó›inn?) v109/2. Cf. vísir
vísir m. later form of vísi v191/3 (Sveinn Úlfsson)
víss a. certain; n. as adv. for certain, without doubt v383/2 (withtekr); sup. vísarstr v150/1 t. n.
vist f. food 41/5, 45/12
vísuor› n. line (of verse) 109/21 (pl.)
vit n. intelligence, understanding 108/31, 109/9
vita (veit, vissi) pret.-pres. vb. know (of) 1/4, 4/17 (see ván), v139/3,
v180/8, v409/2, v516/3; with suffixed neg. vitut do not know (of)v398 n.; 2nd pers. sg. pres. (or imp.?) with suffixed pron. veiztu
v72/4; v. til e–s know about, of s–thing: subjunc. ef vissi vit til (cf.
Noreen § 531.3) if we had known about v168/7 (hennar = jar›ar?
or kvernar, i. e. Grotti?—cf. NN 72: if her wisdom (vit) had known
nothing, had not been concerned, had not known how to do it, had
not shown the way (taking hennar with vit rather than with til,which is then adv.); impers. hvat vissi til what was known about 2/8
viti m. beacon v177/4 (ﬂat could refer to eld or vígspjƒll), 98/18
vitinn pp. destined (e–m for s–one; for Ó›inn i. e. for death) v9/2
vitnir m. ‘watcher’ or ‘aware one, observant, keen-scented one’,name for a wolf 87/20, v514/2; sword-name v456/7; in kenningfor blood, vitnis ƒl›r v320/3
vitr a. wise 3/17
vyrpi see verpavæg› f. mercy, giving way, yielding 72/12
vægir m. sword-name, ‘with wavy patterning’? or ‘wielded’ v454/1;
name for the sea (‘wavy one’ or ‘merciful one’?) v476/6væna (d) wv. accuse, declare guilty of (e–u); vara vændr could not
be charged with v93/8; bræ›i vændr guilty of hastiness, full ofwrath v76/7 (with bƒlkveitir, i. e. ﬁórr)Glossary431vænn a. handsome, beautiful v203/3
vætr pron. nothing v168/8 (obj. of vissi)vætta (tt) wv. with gen. expect v124/2, v397/3 (i. e. the return of)vƒfu›r (i. e. v-, vá-?) m. name for the wind v332/2 t. n. (váfu›r in
Alvíssmál 20); cf. Váfu›r in Indexvƒgn f. killer whale v490/8 (presumably the same as vƒgnhvalr (KSk15), vagnhvalr (JG 6; also vƒgnuhvalr) = grampus or killer whale);ving-vƒgn ‘land-whale’ = giant, in kenning for ﬁjazi, vagna vingRƒgnir v95/5. Vagna is probably not from vagn ‘chariot’ here. Cf.
v67/7 and see under váttrvƒllr (dat. velli) m. field (of battle) 6/19; field, plain v502/5; inkenning for forehead, brá v. v143/2 (gen. with fallsól); earth, inkenning for ﬁjazi, dólgr vallar v97/6; as second part of compoundseparated by tmesis, hallvƒllr ‘plain of stone’, mountain v86/2(gen. with salar)vƒlr m. pole, staff v81/8
vƒlsungr m. poetical word for king 104/23 (cf. v407/3 and seeVƒlsungr, Vƒlsungar in Index)vƒlt f. perhaps a kind of windlass (Falk 1912, 82) v498/5vƒluspakr a. bone-, limb-sensible, -peaceful, lying quietly on (men’s)arms v186/4 (with bauga)vƒlva f. prophetess, witch 22/21; spae-wife, prophesying wife; Gymis
v. = Rán v126/4 (subj. of fœrir); in kenning for troll-wife, vilsinnrvƒlu v300a/5
vƒndr (pl. vendir) m. stick, thin rod; in kennings for spear or sword,Vi›ris v. v255/4 (gen. with ve›rstƒfum; see note), v. vígs 74/3; forweapons, Hja›ninga vendir 72/2; poetical word for mast (Falk1912, 56; cf. vanda, one of the ribs of a boat, LK 143) v498/4
vƒnsu›r m. a name for the wind (‘wanderer’?) v332/2vƒr›r m. guardian 19/10, defender 78/24; in kenning for ruler,
foldar v. v27/3 (Earl Hákon; acc. with bi›), v243/3 (Haraldr gráfeldr;
subj. of lét), flotna v. v111/2 (subj. of fœ›isk), grundar v. (Haraldr
gráfeldr) v279/4; v. Gríkja ok Gar›a = Christ v275/3 (with vi›);
in kenning for troll-wife, v. náfjar›ar v300a/6
vƒrn f. defence (í in it, fyrir against) 42/37; til varnar to the defence
v261/3 (v. l. (TWUA) til vánar, as was (to be) expected, withvárum ﬂá prú›ir or with vel ‘quite in accordance with expectation’;this gives a better rhyme); spelt varn (q. v.) protection, somethingwhich protects v148/4 (subj. of bu›umk; probably refers to the giftof a weapon)vƒrr (1) f. lip 43/6, 9, 108/16, 17, 20
vƒrr (2) m. wake (of a ship), or the marks on the surface of the water
caused by oars v477/1 (see LP under vƒrr (2)); in kennings for432

Skáldskaparmálship, varrar ƒndurr v131/2, vi›r varra v362/3; for stone, varra
hjalt v77/1
vƒxtr m. growth, size, stature, build 58/8 (á vƒxt in build)vƒzt f. fishing ground v477/2; pl. vaztir fishing-ground, sea 45/1; at
v150/2 vazt (see t. n.) can be taken as first half of the compound
vaztundirkúla (separated by tmesis), under fishing-ground globe,
seabed-globe, i. e. rock, gen. with Ála (kenning for giant)yfirbœtr f. pl. compensation 2/26, 36
yfirma›r m. superior man v390/4 (‘a true ruler’? ‘a superman’?)yfrir m. sword-name, ‘that which is raised’ or ‘overcomer’ v456/7‡gr a. fierce, fearsome v217/4 and v314/4 (with stafr)
ylgr f. she-wolf v233 n., 87/25, v321/1, v334/4, v340/2, v341/2 t. n., v515/2‡miss a. various 50/27; various ones (dat. pl. with rei›) v328–30 n.;n. pl. ﬂau ymsi they in turn 2/33
yn›i n. contentment, pleasure v160/6
ynglingr m. poetical word for king (literally ‘descendant of Yngvi’,see Yngvi and Ynglingar in Index) 104/28, v408/4 (subj. of var›)yngri a. comp. younger, i. e. later 41/12
yngvi m. poetical word for king v236/1 (Haraldr har›rá›i), 105/5,
v409/3 (Eiríkr gó›i) (cf. TGT 103, Hkr I 24, SnE 1848–87, 469;
Háttatal; and see Yngvi in Index)
yppa (›) wv. with dat. raise, speak aloud (with suffixed pron.)v33/4; make known, extol v384/3 (inf. after vill)‡r m. yew; bow (made of yew) v467/2; in kenning for hand, ‡sbifvangr v21/3
yrkja (orti) wv. compose (poetry) 5/7, 11/30, 41/14, 43/11, 67/29,
74/5, 80/21, 109/15; with instr., using 74/6; y. eptir compose using,in accordance with 6/31, 22/33, 25/35, 30/22, 41/12, 50/27, 72/31
yrlygr m. ‘battler’, shield-name v471/1 (cf. ørlygi)
ysjungr m. ‘bustler’ (?) name for a bear 88/7
‡ta (tt) wv. with dat. push; i. e. away, give away, distribute v189/1‡tar m. pl. men (indirect obj. of segja) v1/3, v81/1 (gen. with sinni),
v246/2yxin n. ox 90/13 (see Hreinn Benediktsson 1986, 51–2)
yxna see uxiﬂá (1) see ﬂiggjaﬂá (2) conj. when; ﬂá var when (now that) . . . was v101/3
ﬂá (3) adv. then l/6; ﬂá er conj. when 1/20
ﬂa›an adv. as a result v230/1; after that v68/6 (with lengi)
ﬂaf›r pp. stirred; úri ﬂ. water-beaten (of the Midgard serpent) v24/3
ﬂági adv. then not; ﬂ. var sem it was not then like when v286/1

Glossary433

ﬂagna (a›) wv. become silent 48/23
ﬂang n. sea-weed 36/29; in kenning for iron, ﬂ. tangar v53/2 (gen.
with rau›bita)
ﬂannig adv. to that place 2/18
ﬂar adv. there v156/1 (with standa); ﬂar af hence 33/23; ﬂar me›with it, as well 59/20; ﬂar as conj. where v134/3 (see bleikja); ﬂars
as conj. where v155/3, as v85/1; ﬂar er where v95/7, v144/2, in
which v145/1 (with galla), since (i. e. because) v343/1, when v362/3
ﬂat = at (1) v103/1 (or pron. in apposition to noun clause?)ﬂátt 2nd pers. sg. p. of ﬂiggja 48/21
ﬂátti see ﬂekkja
ﬂáttr m. strand (of poetry; or section of a poem?) v64/8 (dat. or
instr., in or with); part, section, element (of a story) 50/27
ﬂegar adv. immediately 1/28; already v390/1 (with ungr: ‘already at
an early age’)ﬂegja (ﬂag›i) wv. be, remain silent 24/32, 52/13
ﬂegn m. officer, s–one in s–one’s service, a free subject v32/4(subjective gen. with tjón; the phrase probably means ‘men’s loss(of their king)’ rather than ‘loss of men’, see note and NN 254),
v191/2 (dat. of respect or advantage (with valstƒ›var, i. e. theirarms), v303/4 (generic pl., i. e. honourable man; gen. with lofi;
refers to Óláfr pái), 106/6, v440/1; me› ﬂegnum among the fellows,
people present (i. e. the three gods and the eagle (ﬁjazi); withdeila) v96/3. Cf. ﬁegn in Index and see under ﬂengill.
ﬂeita f. ? v339/2 t. n.
ﬂekkiligr a. pleasant v3/4, kindly, gracious v96/3 (with foldar dróttinn,that is Ó›inn)
ﬂekkja (ﬂátti) wv. recognise, see v67/8 (after ﬂá er; implied subj. is
the giant Hrungnir)
ﬂekkr m. ‘pleasant, delight’, name for a ship v494/7
ﬂengill m. prince, ruler (Earl Hákon) v197/2, (unidentified) v222/4(subj. of lætr), (King Ragnarr) v237/3 (ok ﬂengil obj. of leyfa
parallel to bla›; zeugma), (Óláfr Haraldsson) v286/2 (with hei›ﬂegum
or with jó?— Kock, NN 1859, reads ﬂegnum for ﬂessum in line 1(AM 61 fol.) and takes it with ﬂengils as parallel to hei›ﬂegum),(Óláfr of Sweden) v390/1, v409/2; ﬂengils sessi = Earl ﬁorfinnr(ﬂengill probably not a specific king here, though it could refer toSt Óláfr or Magnús gó›i, with both of whom ﬁorfinnr had relations;
it is uncertain whether ﬂess goes with ﬂengils or with sessa)
v290/3. Cf. TGT 103 and ﬁengill in Index
ﬂenja f. ‘stretched’, an axe with a broad blade v463/9
ﬂeygi adv. nevertheless . . . not, not at all v262/1 (with lengi . . .
nema; see Hrafns saga Sveinbjarnarsonar 1987, lxxxii)

434

Skáldskaparmálﬂí = ﬂví pron. dat. sg. n.; ﬂí . . . at in such a way that, under suchcircumstances that 6/15
ﬂiggja (ﬂá) sv. receive, get v2/3 (subjunc. 3rd pers. pl., refers tojódraugum as implied subj.; reference is to future time), 40/6; ﬂ.
at receive from v71/7, v244/1, receive as 48/21, 59/28; with
suffixed pron. v141/1 (vi› in return for, in payment for); accept
v364/3; pres. p. in kenning for sea-warrior (Earl Hákon), ﬂiggjandi
viggjar byrjar v10/2 (receiver, taker; Frank (1978, 205) suggests
also owner, possessor)
ﬂiklingr m. stumpy person, of a giant v54/2 (dat. with ﬂykkja)
ﬂiljur f. pl. decking, wooden planks forming a floor inside a boatv499/8 (Falk 1912, 48; LK 165–6)
ﬂing n. assembly, conference 2/7; at ﬂingi in their assembly, parliamentv101/6 (cf. under gera); in kenning for battle in v149/3 to betaken as first half of the compound ﬂingﬂrøngvir (tmesis); urgerof Ó›inn’s assembly, i. e. of battle = warrior, war leader (U has
ﬂings as a separate word, which obviates the need for tmesis; see
NN 2008H). Cf. geirﬂing and see Foote 1984aﬂingskil n. pl. assembly business, assembly declarations; in kenningfor gold, ﬁjaza ﬂ. (see 3/1–8) v190/3 (instr. with gladdi)
ﬂinull m. rope along the top of a fishing net; oddnets ﬂ. = shieldedge v224/2 (obj. of setja; setja oddnets ﬂinul vi› e–m = reisarƒnd vi› e–m i. e. oppose in battle, resist, withstand s–one)
ﬂinurr m. sword-name, ‘fir’ v459/4 (referring to the wooden hilt?)
ﬂirfingr m. a dull, low person 106/12
ﬂírr m. male slave 106/22, v448/7. Cf. lei›iﬂírr
ﬂjálmi m. noose; encircler, in kenning for sea, Manar ﬂ. v351/4(obj. of grefr)ﬂjarfr a. insipid, dull 106/11
ﬂjarka f. quarrelling 109/5
ﬂjó› f. people, nation v400 n. (v. l.), 107/5; the people, the world,
everyone v139/3; ƒll ﬂ. everyone v257/2; rƒmm ﬂ. powerfulpeople, perhaps means kings or rulers v117/3 (gen. with rá›);fjƒru ﬂ. = giants v83/6 (gen. with hrjó›endr); pl. troops, men
v35/4 (with gen. of leader; subj. of gørvi ok hl‡›i), v190/4 (obj. of
gladdi)ﬂjó›á f. mighty river v77/8 (subj. of fnœstu; pl., -ár = -áar, see v143 n.)ﬂjó›konungr m. national king, king of a nation, high king, sovereign
79/20, 29, v352/2 (Magnús gó›i). ﬁjó›- can also be intensive,‘mighty’, as in ﬂjó›á, ﬂjó›skati; cf. her- in hermargr etc.
ﬂjó›land n. country, nation 79/17
ﬂjó›skati m. very generous man, great prince 106/14
ﬂjófr m. thief, robber 52/3; ﬂ. e–s thief of s–thing, also one who

Glossary435

steals from s–one (or for s–one? see note) 20/3–4 (Loki); ﬁrú›ar
ﬂ. = Hrungnir v237/4 (gen. with bla› or ilja?)
ﬂjokkr a. thick 21/26
ﬂjokkvaxinn a. thick (i. e. stockily) grown or built, thick-set, of agiant v54/1 (with ﬂikling)ﬂjóna (a›) wv. with dat. serve 106/4
ﬂjónn m. servant 106/21, v448/6
ﬂjórhlutr m. one of the parts (quarters) of a bull or ox v96/8 (acc. pl.)ﬂjóstr m. fury; acc. with fló, furiously v88/8. Since this usage is nototherwise recorded, DD reads ﬂjósti (dat. sg. ‘in fury’; the -i would
very likely have been elided in performance). But cf. Nygaard 1906, § 91
ﬂjóta (ﬂ‡tr, ﬂaut, ﬂutu) sv. (of water) make a (high pitched) sound,resound v361/1, v365/1; cf. ﬂulu; of (the mead of) poetry v1/3,
v34/3; of fast, noisy movement, rush, thunder along (me› taking
with it) v78/8, ﬂ. of thunder through, whistle through v379/3
ﬂó (1) adv. nevertheless; moreover; yet (with comp. a.) v167/3,
v273/3; né . . . ﬂví . . . ﬂó at and not even for this reason, if v164/7
ﬂó (2), ﬂógu see ﬂvá
ﬂokki m. attitude, liking 108/31; ‘agreeable one’, helmet-name v472/7
ﬂola (›) wv. suffer, endure v354/3
ﬂollr m. tree (not necessarily a fir or pine (which is ﬂƒll f.), cf.
ÁBM) v94/8 (phrase goes with of nam mæla; in the prose (1/22)
and in v97/3 this tree is an oak), 65/15
ﬂopta f. thwart, (rowing-)bench on a ship v499/6 (Falk 1912, 71–2;
cf. sess)
ﬂopti m. (rowing-)bench-mate 107/22, v444/7
ﬂora (›) wv. dare (with inf.) 21/7, (with at and inf.) 47/33, 35, (abs.)
48/17
ﬂorn m. thorn (tree) 66/10; in kenning for man, au›ar ﬂ. v218/3(subj. of hló›; Magnús gó›i)ﬁornrann n. = giant-dwelling, Geirrø›argar›ar v85/2 (acc. with í ).
See ﬁorn in Index
ﬂorp n. group, crowd 106/25, v443/4
ﬂorri m. ‘diminishing, lacking time’ or ‘dry time’, name of a month(mid-January to mid-February) 99/18 (cf. Flb I 22, ÍF XXXIV 3
and 6; the name may refer to the time when food is short)ﬂorskr m. cod v488/2
ﬂótt conj. if 107/24; although 6/18, v257/1; ﬂ. etti although (really)
she was inciting v251/5
ﬂrafni m. beam; ﬂ. byrjar ship v6/1 (gen. with Beima)ﬂramma (a›) wv. move heavily, trundle, lumber v242/2 (inf. with lét)
ﬂrámó›nir m. who has longing in his mind or mood (mó›r) fors–one (e–s), who misses s–one (referring to the theft of ﬁrú›r; cf.

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v237/3–4 and see ﬁrú›r in Index), in kenning for ﬁórr, ﬂ. ﬁrú›ar
v88/7 (gen. with til)ﬂrándr (or ﬂróndr) m. boar, ‘thriving’ v513/8 (see Index)
ﬂrapt n. squabbling, chattering 109/6
ﬂrekr m. fortitude v390/2 (gen. with gjƒrr), 108/31; af ﬂrek withmight v50/2
ﬂrekvirki n. deed of strength, heroic achievement, mighty exploit 24/18
ﬂremjar f. pl. sword-edges v461/1; in kenning for warriors, ﬂrymregin
ﬂremja v252/5
ﬂrennr a. triple, having three parts or divisions 5/15
ﬂrévetr (or ﬂrevetr) a. aged three 48/28. Cf. ﬂrívetr
ﬂri›i ord. num. third; ﬂann ﬂri›ja v150/4 (with vin)
ﬂrim f. edge, rail of ship v499/7 (pl. ﬂrimir; cf. ﬂrƒmr)ﬂrima f. uproar, (clash of) battle v450/8
ﬂrimarr m. sword-name, ‘battler, noisy one’ v459/8
ﬂrimir see ﬂrƒmr, ﬂrim
ﬂrír num. (gen. ﬂriggja) v92/6 (with tíva)
ﬂrívetr a. three years old 22/9. Cf. ﬂrévetr
ﬂrjóta (ﬂraut) sv. impers. e–n ﬂr‡tr e–t one comes to lack s–thing
v192/4 (probably refers to future time: that they will ever lack. . .); with inf. eigi ﬂraut e–n bægja s–one did not cease to oppose
v282/3 (in v344/3 the acc. of the person is understood)
ﬂrjótr m. obstinate person, villain; in kennings for giant, ur›ar ﬂ.
(who dwells among stones) v77/7 (gen. with støkkvir), jótrs vegtaugar (rock-dwelling) ﬂ. v89/6 (= Geirrø›r; dat. of respect withbígyr›il)
ﬂrór m. sword-name, ‘thriver’ or ‘tempered’ v453/5; boar-name(‘thriver’) v513/7
ﬂroski m. manhood, manly achievement, manly deeds v214/3
ﬂróttigr a. enduring, having lasting strength, indefatigable v252/6(with ﬂrymregin; referring to the reviving of the dead warriors?)
ﬂróttr m. power, endurance, valour v85/1 (gen. with hugum); ﬂróttar
steinn kenning for heart (seat of courage) v44/4, v82/8 (subj. of skalfa)
ﬂróttƒflugr a. mighty in valour, or of lasting power v149/4 (withdóttur, i. e. a treasure, a precious weapon)
ﬂruma f. (1) thunder 21/36 (pl.); in kenning for battle, ﬂ. branda
v384/2 (with í hverri)ﬂruma f. (2) name of two or more Norwegian islands (Flb I 23 etc.;
Landnámabók, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar, ÍF XIII 426, ﬁorsteinssaga Víkingssonar, Gautreks saga); a piece of land v501/8
ﬂrunginsalr m. shield-name, ‘pressed full, tightly filled hall’ or ‘oppressed hall’ (the shield-wall can be called Ó›inn’s hall, seeMeissner 1921, 170–72; cf. Gylf. ch. 40) v469/1

Glossary

437

ﬂrútinn a. swollen, bulging (e–s with s–thing), i. e. heavily ornamented
with v145/3 (with galla)
ﬂrymja (ﬂrum›i) wv. (be at) rest v147/3; ﬂ. of e–u lie upon, adorns–thing v194/1
ﬂrymr m. noise, din 109/7; name for a bow (‘noisy one’) v467/3
ﬂrymregin n. pl. ‘noise-powers, -gods’, in kenning for warriors,
ﬂ. ﬂremja gods of the noise of sword-edges (i. e. of battle) v252/5(subj. of sóttu)ﬂrymseil f. bowstring; in kenning for Ska›i, the huntress who lived
in the mountains (cf. Gylf. 24/16–17), ﬂrymseilar Vár v96/4 (gen.
with hval; cf. note)ﬂryngva (ﬂrƒng, ﬂrungu, ﬂrungit) sv. with dat. press, force v86/4;
ﬂ. [í hƒnd] e–m press upon s–one, i. e. force s–one to accept
v234/4; ﬂ. und sik subject v309/3, v408/4 (after sá er; antecedent is engi ynglingr); pp. láta ﬂrungit e–u have s–thing pushed(á into, onto), or have s–thing impelled, propelled (á over) v256/4
ﬂr‡sta (st) wv. with dat. press, oppress, crush v74/3
ﬂr‡stir m. one who suppresses; hlenna ﬂ. suppressor of thieves
v387/3 (of King Magnús gó›i; vocative)
ﬂræll m. slave 4/9, 16, 41/2, 3, 106/21 (subj.), v448/6
ﬂræta f. dispute 109/4
ﬂrætudólgr m. disputatious opponent, wrangler (e–s of, withs–one) 20/6
ﬂrƒmmungr m. mailed sculpin (fish) v487/1
ﬂrƒmr (pl. ﬂremir) m. edge, rail of a ship’s side v354/4, cf. v499/7(pl. spelt ﬂrimir for ﬂremir (thus C), or pl. of ﬂrim f.; cf. modern
Icelandic ﬂrim, ﬂrem, f.; see ﬂremjar)
ﬂrƒng f. crowd, throng v443/3
ﬂrƒs f. ‘whistler, whizzer’, arrow-name v465/7
ﬂrøngvir m. oppressor 107/23, enemy; in kenning for ﬁórr, ﬂ. kunnleggs
kveldrunninna kvinna v53/1; compeller, urger, one who pursues
s–thing energetically: Váfa›ar ﬂingﬂrøngvir = warrior v149/3 (subj.
of gaf mér)
ﬂulu v161/1 p. tense pl. of a verb meaning ‘draw forth, cause tocome forth’ or ‘utter, cause to be uttered’. Kock (NN 69) reads
ﬂutu (see ﬂjóta)
ﬂungr a. heavy v53/1 (with rau›bita), v99/6 (with Loptr), v218/4(with valkƒstu, i. e. large); metaphorical v290/4 (with mein)
ﬂunnge›i n. frivolity, irresponsibility, inconstancy 108/33
ﬂunngjƒrr a. (pp.) thinly made v297/2 (with sver›)ﬂura f. that which flies fast, whizzer, arrow-name v466/6
ﬂur›i see ﬂyrja
ﬂurfa (t) pret.-pres. vb. need; with at and inf. 46/3, v196/1; with

438

Skáldskaparmál

suffixed neg. need not, there is no need for them to (with inf.)
v38/1; impers. e–t ﬂarf s–thing is necessary, needed (til e–s for
s–thing) 41/5, eigi ﬂarf there is no need (with at and inf.) 90/26,
er e–t ﬂarf vi› for which s–thing is needed 67/29 (see note)ﬂvá (ﬂó, ﬂógu) sv. wash 48/13, v274/3 (á e–m is equivalent of dat.
of respect with skopt), v346/1, 351/1, v358/4
ﬂveita f. ‘chopper, hewer’, axe v463/9
ﬂvengr m. thong 43/6, 10
ﬂverliga adv. absolutely, flatly 4/25
ﬂverr a. transverse, athwart; of gólf ﬂvert across a room 22/31
ﬂverra (ﬂvarr) sv. diminish, grow less v10/2 t. n., v79/5 (subjunc.
after nema); i. e. in value (or in size, because there is so muchgold added to it) v146/1 and v232/1 ( fyrir because of, as a resultof (having); ﬂverra might here mean ‘melt’, cf. v194/5–8 and see
under ramsvell)
ﬂverrir m. diminisher, destroyer, in kenning for ﬁórr, ﬂ. barnaMƒrnar, destroyer of giants v79/5 (subj. of lætr)ﬂvíat conj. because 6/24, v11/4, v112/4, v179/3, v263/3
ﬂvílíkr a. such, similar 85/15, 109/14; n. as adv. suchlike, something
like that 108/16, 38; ﬂvílíkt sem just as, in the same way as 50/3
ﬂ‡› f. ‘pleasant one, friendly one’, perhaps ‘soft, pliable one’, a coatof mail v474/4 (or perhaps a., f. of ﬂ‡›r with dat. s‡n, ‘pleasantto the sight’ or ﬂ‡› s‡n, pleasant sight; v. l. ﬂ‡›s‡n f. ‘pleasantsight’; cf. s‡n and see t. n.)
ﬂ‡›r a. kind v262/2 (probably with fri›støkkvir)
ﬂykkja (ﬂótti) wv. seem (e–m to s–one), with subst., v54/1 (understandvera, ‘that there was’), be considered v11/5; with a. 24/17 (ﬂóttimér seems to me to have been), v221/1, 107/2, subjunc. would
seem (‘I would think him’) v151/5, with suffixed neg. v3/3; impers.
with nom. pl. and inf. 4/11, 109/20; with pp. v116/1, á›r fullmalit
ﬂykki until it seems fully ground, until enough seems to have been
ground v175/8 (‘until Fró›i thinks that . . .’)ﬂylja (ﬂul›i) wv. recite, chant v75/5
ﬂyrja (ﬂur›i) wv. rush headlong (at against, at) v80/5, i. e. advancebravely into battle v297/1
ﬂyrma (›) wv. with dat. spare, pay respect to, show mercy to 6/24;
with suffixed neg. ﬂyrm›it v67/1
ﬂyrri p. subjunc. of ﬂverra
ﬂyrslingr (ﬂyrsklingr in TA, ﬂysklingr C; cf. ﬂorskr) m. codling,a small cod v488/1
ﬂyss m. noisy crowd, mob 106/35, v443/3
ﬂytr m. whistling, howling, roaring v357/2 (obj. of œsir), 109/7; whirring sound (of a mill) v161/1 (or the noise of the slave-girls’ song?)Glossary439

ﬂægiligr a. acceptable 58/17
ﬂƒgn f. silence v32/3
ﬂƒgnhorfinn a. (pp.) having lost its silence, noisy v161/2 (understandkvernar, of the mill, gen. with ﬂyt; or ‘of a noisy woman’?). Kock
(NN 69) suggests ﬂƒgn horfin var ‘silence was gone’.
ﬂƒgull a. silent 19/23; weak form as nickname ﬂƒgli 24/37, v190/8(?—or dat. of ﬂøgli f. ‘in silence’?)æ›r f. vein; ofﬂerrir æ›a ‘too great drying of veins’, i. e. bleeding,wounding that leads to death v250/1 (cf. ósk-Rán)æfr a. zealous, vehement, violent (e–s in or for s–thing) v235/4(complement of sá var); fierce v246/3 (with myrkdreki; equivalent
to adv.?)ægir m. ocean v282/3, 92/25, v344/3, 93/3, v407/2, v475/2; á ægi atsea, i. e. in a sea battle v233/1; in kenning for ship, jór ægis, part ofkenning for men v2/1; in kenning for the mead of poetry, Ó›inn’sógnstƒ›var æ. i. e. a poem v216/3 (obj. of bjó›a). Cf. Ægir in Indexær f. ewe 90/14
æri, ærir dat. and nom. pl. of árræs f. edge, border; pl. holes along an edge for stitching 43/9ætla (a›) wv. intend, plan (sér for o–self) 24/27 (‘thought there
would be, thought he would have’?); think, believe 48/19; with
suffixed pron. 48/22
ætlun f. thought, opinion, intention 109/10
ætlunarma›r m. thinker 107/27
ætt f. descent, parentage, relationship, family 30/16, 33/22, 40/26,
46/23, 82/1; family line v7/4, 40/7; i. e. descendants, line ofdescent 50/18, 101/14, 103/17; family 50/15; descendant v233/1(subj. of r‡›r); ancestral line 103/5, 10, 14; lineage, pedigreev33/5 (obj. of teljum), 80/9, v299/1 (gen. with ættstu›ill); familyname 103/18; pl. kinsmen, i. e. those who have kinship withs–one, share the qualities of s–one (e–s) v84/7 (subj. of stó›u
fasta; cf. Heita konr v296/1 and see Jólnir in Index)ættba›mr m. member of a family line v447/7
ættbarmr m. member of a family line; perhaps for ættba›mr (so T
and W (SnE 1924, 104; cf. LP s. v. hƒfu›ba›mr, ÁBM s. v. ba›mur (2))
107/19. Cf. barmi, barmrættbogi m. branch of family line, offshoot 107/19, v447/4
ættbœtir m. ‘improver of the family line’, the flower of the clan,
outstanding member of the line; æ. Torf-Einars = Earl ﬁorfinnr
v298/1 (obj. of firr)ætterni n. origin, descent v166/7
ættma›r m. descendant 103/8

440

Skáldskaparmálættsló› f. family line, lineage v447/7
ættstu›ill m. pillar of a family, (leading) member of a clan v299/1(subj. of ne mun ver›a), 107/19, v448/4
ævi f. life v405/1 (dat. with lauk); of alla Hákunar ævi throughout
the life of H. v185/4; way of life v111/3 (obj. of leyfir)œ›i n. (1) disposition 109/12
œ›i n. (2) rage, fury 109/12
œ›ri a. comp. nobler, more distinguished (complement of ver›r;with dat. of comparison, brœ›r than the brother) v107/4, similarlyv398 n.; mƒrgum œ. better than many, better on his own than awhole company of others v211/1, œ. ﬂér (who is) nobler than you v406/2œgir m. ‘terrifier’; in kenning for ﬁórr, œ. ¯flugbar›a v48/3 (subj.
of fórsk, as well as of of kendi); for the Midgard serpent, vágs œ.
‘bay menacer’ v366/2 (obj. of ofra); for warrior (Geirrø›r), œ.
álmtaugar terrifier of the bow-string (because the user makes thebowstring quiver as if with fear) v87/5 (subj. of laust); helmetname v473/3. Cf. eygirœgishjálmr m. terror-helmet, helmet inspiring terror (cf. œgir) 46/16.
Cf. v281/1 and see under snákr (ÍF I 239, XIII 172; Fáfnismál
16–17; Háttatal 15; see LP)œpir m. name for the wind, ‘howler’ v332/4
œri a. comp. younger v221/1 (complement of várum: when wewere, i. e. I (?) was, younger)œrinn a. enough, plenty 45/12, 107/2; plenty of, i. e. a great deal ofv214/3, v324/1 (with hveiti); n. as adv. sufficiently, enough 42/30
œrr a. mad, furious, raving 106/18
œsa (t) wv. agitate, stir up (at against) v357/1; md. become violent
v43/1, v45/3 (in clause introduced by á›r); œsask fram with acc.
rage, storm forward over v363/2; pp. œstr furious, in a fury v77/8(with støkkvir, i. e. ﬁórr)œsir m. one who stirs up, inciter; œ. odda gn‡s war-leader v224/1(dat. with vi›)œxla (t) wv. increase, multiply 45/28
œztr a. sup. highest 79/16, 99/22; noblest v463/11, v506/4
ƒ›lingr m. ruler (lit. nobleman; common in eddic and skaldic verse,
see LP; cf. Atlakvi›a 40 and ¯›lingar in Index) v401/1 (unidentified)ƒflugr a. mighty v169/3, v327/3; comp. ﬂeim ƒflgari mightier thanthey v167/4
ƒggr, ƒgr m. a kind of fish, perhaps a redfish v486/2; ƒggs bú›,kenning for sea (-water) v45/4 (apparently ‘√gurs’ in W here,
though the facsimile is unclear)Glossary441ƒglir m. falcon; ƒglis barn = Loki in falcon form v103/7
ƒgr (1) n. a small bay or inlet v476/1ƒgr (2) see ƒggrƒl n. ale 14/18 (subj.), 20/36, 40/17, 41/5, 59/9, 109/18 (subj.)ƒlberi m. ale-server, in kenning for poet, Yggs ƒ., server of Ó›inn’sale, of (the mead of) poetry v300b/5. Kock (NN 1005C) suggestsƒlbrugga ‘ale-brewer’, which would provide a hendingƒld f. age 99/5; generation, mankind, people 107/10, v441/1, v444/2;
men v409/1 (subj. of ver›r), v410/3 t. n.; Yngva ƒld i. e. Norwegians
v21/1 (gen. with allvald); aldar allvaldr ruler of men, king (Óláfr
of Sweden) v383/3; stillir aldar = Christ v270/4; in kenning for(race of) giants, ƒ. Ellu steins v91/7 (gen. with aldrminkanda);
man: á aldar lofum in the man’s, i. e. my, hands v246/3; pl. men
v189/2 (i. e. his men)ƒl›r n. ale; in kenning for blood, vitnis ƒ. v320/4, Gera ƒ. (pl.)
v324/3 (obj. of naut)ƒldungr m. ‘old one’, (an old) bull v505/3
ƒl-Gefjun f. kenning for woman (Gróa), goddess of (who serves) ale
v71/2 (subj. of gœli)ƒl-Gefn f. kenning for woman (I›unn) v102/2 (gen. with hrynsævar
hræva hund; thief of I›unn = Loki), v102/4 (gen. with lei›iﬂír;
kidnapper of I›unn = Loki)ƒlgƒgn n. pl. ale-vessels, utensils 40/18
ƒlmusa f. pauper, beggar 106/13
ƒl(n)bogi m. elbow 108/34 t. n.
ƒlskakki m. ‘ale-dispenser, -giver’, in kenning for ruler, ƒ. runna
one who provides ale for men (Jƒrmunrekkr) v155/6 (subj. of fell)ƒlstafn m. ale-vessel, in kenning for woman, ƒlstafna Bil v203/2(stafn = ship or vessel by synecdoche; see stafn)ƒlteiti f. ‘ale-cheer’, feasting v87/4 (obj. of ne m‡g›u; taken to be an
ironic reference to the throwing of glowing metal as ale-entertainment,
games, sport by Reichardt 1928, 54)ƒltirr m. sword-name (ƒl from runic alu ‘good luck’; -tirr related tothe sword- or spear-name tjƒrr (see LP tjƒr (2); ÁBM ƒltirr), pinewood, probably the material of which the hilt of the sword wasmade) v452/3
ƒlunn m. mackerel v485/7; in kenning for sea, part of kenning forgold v141/2
ƒndur-Áss m. ski-Áss 19/32
ƒndurdís f. ski-lady, -goddess, i. e. Ska›i (cf. Gylf. ch. 23) v110/2(gen. with fƒ›ur; her father is ﬁjazi; cf. p. 2)ƒndur›r a. the beginning of, the early part of; røkr ƒndurt at the
beginning of dusk v213/1 (acc. of time)

442

Skáldskaparmálƒndurgu› n. ski god(dess), ski divinity, i. e. Ska›i (cf. Gylf. ch. 23);
fóstri ƒndurgu›s = ﬁjazi (cf. p. 2) v98/4
ƒndurr m. ski, snow-shoe; Eynæfis ƒ. kenning for boat (phrase goeswith lá, or perhaps with rak›isk) v42/3 (cf. Krákumál 11, Skj A I
644; varrar ƒ. = ship v131/2 (obj. of skotar)ƒngull m. (fishing-) hook v153/2 (dat. after hekk á)ƒnnungr m. labourer, slave 106/22, v448/7
ƒr f. arrow v240/2, 71/15, v465/1 and t. n., v468/3
ƒr› f. harvest, crop, corn; seed in kenning for gold: ƒr› Yrsu bur›arv186/1 (dat. with sær, see sá (1); cf. 59/23); in kenning for fallen
warriors, sveita svans ƒr› v333/4 (with á)ƒrgildir m. generous (swift) payer, giver; in kenning for generous
lord v317/1 (dat. with dyggr)
ƒrk f. a kind of ship (Low German arche, Dutch ark(e), a kind ofboat used on the Elbe in Saxony; see Falk 1912, 90; Kluge 1911,32); or Noah’s ark? v491/3ƒrn (acc. pl. ƒrnu) m. eagle 1/24, 4/39, v2/2 (gen. with flaug), v93/5(subj. of settisk), v218/3, v225/2, v310/3 (reifa ƒrnu means toprovide corpses by fighting battles), 90/27, 28, 92/1, v339/2 (subj.
of sleit), v339/3, v340/1, v412–517 n.; dat. of respect erninum,‘the eagle’s’ 1/30, ƒrnum v233 n.; sword-name v458/3
ƒrr a. generous, liberal v189/1, v273/4 (with gramr, i. e. Christ),v292/3 (with sonr or with ek, perhaps with the sense quick, lively;
Kock, NN 2510, reads ƒrgreppa, lively men, referring to the giants),
v302/2 (e–s with s–thing, i. e. full of; with ó›r—or with skjƒldhlynr(cf. NN 580): ‘liberal with (eager for) glorious deeds’), v309/1 n.,
106/14; n. as adv. fast v128/1
ƒrﬂeysir m. one who sets s–thing in swift motion; in kenning forseaman, Viking leader (Earl Hákon), ƒ. flausta v18/3 (fyrir in thepresence of)ƒrﬂrasir m. persistent or urgent stormer, demander, desirer, in kenningfor giant (Geirrø›r), passionate lover of giantess(es), ƒ. Hrímnis
drósar v88/5 (gen. with brjósti; or with eisa, sent by)ƒxl f. shoulder 1/33, 21/27, 25/6, 108/36, 38
øfstr a. sup. highest, best v466/6. Cf. efstr and efriørlygi n. battle v450/6; in kenning for warrior, ørlygis draugr (Hƒgni,father of Hildr) v250/8
ørmjƒt (f. sg. or) n. pl. aim(ers), measure(rs), evaluators 108/10(see note)øx f. axe v183/5 (gen. with hl‡r), 67/24, 71/5, v374/1, v463/1 andt. n., v463/12
øxn- see uxi

INDEX OF NAMES
Nicknames and some other names that also appear as common nouns will befound in the GlossaryA›alsteinn m. Æﬂelstan, king of England 924–939: Glossary undergramr (Egils saga Skallagrímssonar, Hkr I, Fagrskinna)A›ils m. legendary king in Sweden 58/23, 26, 30, 33, 59/2, 9,
15, 22, 25, 27, 28, v329/8, v328–30 n., v330/4, Glossary underrí›a (Hrólfs saga kraka; Skjƒldunga saga; Hkr I 56–9; Flb I 27)
Africa v122 n., Glossary under dási, elja, ómyndr (Hauksbók 165;
Fagrskinna; Gylf. Prologue)
Ag›ir f. pl. a district in southern Norway, Agder v259/8 (obj. oflag›i), Glossary under bæ›i, hvinverskr, langr; til Ag›a i. e. tothe south of Norway v313/4
Áin helga f. Helgeå v217 n., v259 n. (Fagrskinna, Hkr II)
Akilleus m. Achilles, Greek hero 6/6, 18, Glossary under ásjándi;acc. 6/9; gen. 6/11; dat. Akille 6/4 (Trójumanna saga)
Aldafƒ›r m. father of mankind, Ó›inn; his son is ﬁórr v24/2 (Vafﬂrú›nismál 4, 53)
Alexander m. Trojan hero (i. e. Paris son of Priam) 6/20 (Trójumannasaga)
Alfa›ir, Alfƒ›r m. All-father, a name for Ó›inn 6/32, v1/3 (gen. sg.
in kenning for mead of poetry), 6/37, Glossary under brim, hrostabrim(Gylf.; Grímnismál 48, Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 38; in prose
normally written all- in MSS)
Alfarinn m. a giant v421/2 (cf. Skjƒldunga saga 62, Af Upplendinga
konungum in Hauksbók 457)
Álfheimr m. the world of elves, see GlossaryÁlfrƒ›ull m. 85/19–20 n.; see Glossary (Vafﬂrú›nismál 47, Skírnismál
4; Skj A II 414, v. 12)
Alfƒ›r see Alfa›ir
Áli m. (1) son of Ó›inn 6/20 (= Elenus), 27 (apparently = Vi›arr),
20/2 (or son of Loki?—see note), v429/4 (= Váli in Gylf.); in
kenning for giant, Á. vaztundirkúlu, Á. of rock v150/3 (gen. withrƒdd), 45/1, Glossary under vatnsrƒdd, vƒzt; (2) a king in Norway 58/25, 33, v328–30 n., v329/5, Glossary under rí›a(Skjƒldunga saga; Hkr I 57; Hyndluljó›); (3) a sea-king v412/2(there are several characters of this name in fornaldarsögur ; seealso ÍF XXXV)Alin f. a river v481/5

444

Skáldskaparmál

Alkoga or Álkoga f. (v. l. (AB) Olga ‘swell’; = Volga?) a riverv481/5 (Cf. Olkoga in Heimsl‡sing, Hauksbók 150)
Alr m. personification of an awl 43/7 (see Glossary). Cf. Rati
Alvig in spaka (in ríka 101/18 t. n.) f. 101/17 (cf. Álmveig in Hyndluljó›
15; Álfn‡ in Flb I 25)
Alsvartr m. a giant v420/7; the name of a horse in SnE 1848–87, II 487
Alsvi›r m. a horse of the sun 90/1 (Gylf.; Grímnismál 37, Sigrdrífumál
15 (quoted in Vƒlsunga saga 38); SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Alsvinnsmál n. pl. (1) a poem listing names of horses and their riders
89/7 (v. l. (A) Kálfsvísa), v328–30 n. (2) an eddic poem (alsoknown as Alvíssmál, see v332 n. and v380 n.) v62 n., 85/13 n.,
19–20 n., 21–2 n., 90/18, 99/8 (v. l. (U) ¯lvismál ), v328–30 n.
(Alvíss and Alsvinnr both mean ‘all-wise’, though Alsvinnr orAlsvi›r could mean ‘all-swift’ (cf. Alsvi›r, the name of a horse in
Grímnismál and Sigrdrífumál; Alvíss is the name of a dwarf in
Alvíssmál)
Alvíssmál see Alsvinnsmál (2)Alﬂingi v65–71 n.
Áma f. a troll-wife v426/3Ámger›r f. a troll-wife v425/6
Amló›i m. legendary person; his mill is the sea v133 n., v133/8,
38/25 (or, if he is taken to be a sea-king, Amló›a ból = sea; cf. NN
573; Amló›a lí› could also be a kenning for the sea, see v133 n.
and cf. Glossary under li›meldr). Cf. Amleth in Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, Books 3–4
Ámr m. a giant v420/8 (cf. Hyndluljó› 18 and Flb I 26)
Andlangr m. a name for the sky 85/17 (‘extended, very long’); a
heaven v516/8 (Gylf.)
Andu›r m. a giant v420/6 (cf. Anda›r in Hei›reks saga 37 and note)
Andvaranautr m. the ring that had been Andvari’s 48/22, 30 (cf.
nautr (2) in Glossary; PE 174, 223; Vƒlsunga saga)
Andvari m. a dwarf 45/22, 46/4, 48/5; a fish (‘watcher’; pike (?), cf.
PE 173) v485/8 (cf. 45/22, where there is the variant Andﬂvari(and Andvarri U); Vƒlsunga saga; name of a dwarf in Gylf. (Vƒluspá ), Reginsmál)
Angrbo›i m. v75/2 n., Glossary under farmr
Angrva›ill m. ‘grief-wader’, a sword v454/5 (ﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar)
Annarr m. (a horse) v328–30 n. Cf. Ónarr and see Gylf. Index

Index of Names

445

Apardjón n. Aberdeen (= ‘mouth of Don’) v481/8 (Hkr III 328,
Hauksbók 502; cf. Introduction p. xvii)
Apli m. an ox v331/5, v505/1 (‘variegated, dappled’; name of ahorse in SnE 1848–87, II 487). See GlossaryÁrakló f. name of a ship?—see Glossary
Arfr m. an ox v331/6, v504/7 (‘inheritance’; cf. NN 2158A, ÁBM;see Glossary).
Arfuni m. an ox v331/6, v505/4 (‘inheritor’; see Glossary)
Arinbauti m. v90/3–4 n.
Arinbjarnarkvi›a f. a poem by Egill Skalla-Grímsson v60 n. (Egils
saga 257–67; Skj A I 43–8)
Arinbjƒrn m. v60 n. (Egils saga Skalla-Grímss., Hkr I). See Grjótbjƒrn
Arnórr jarlaskáld (ﬁór›arson) m. Icelandic poet (d. c. 1075) 6/32,
33/26, v105 n., v106 n., v107 n., 35/5, 8, 14, 65/15, 66/10, v218 n.,
78/3, v275 n., 79/20, 81/21, v290 n., 82/22, v296 n., 87/25, 92/26,
94/10, 98/13, 100/7, v387 n., 104/10, 20 (Hkr II–III, Orkneyinga
saga, Laxdœla saga, Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa, Grettis saga;
Morkinskinna 116–18 and Flb IV 95–6; see Fidjestøl 1997, 93–116)Árvakr m. a horse of the sun 90/1 (Gylf., Grímnismál 37, Sigrdrífumál
15 (quoted in Vƒlsunga saga 38); SnE 1848–87, II 487); an ox v503/3
Ás- see Æsir and ÁssÁsabragr m. a name for ﬁórr (‘chief of the Æsir’?—see bragnar,
bragr in Glossary) v428/2 (Skírnismál 33)
Ásaﬂórr m. ‘ﬁórr of the Æsir’, a title of ﬁórr 21/6 (dat. of respect)(Gylf., Hárbar›sljó› 52, Gautreks saga; cf. Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar)Ásgar›r m. the home of the Æsir 1/4, 35, 2/1, 8, 18, 25, 5/2, 6/22 (=Troy), 14/27, v50/2 (obj. of hefir var›an), 20/34, 40/33, 41/22,
42/18, Glossary under setr. In some places Ásgar›r seems to beconceived as a rampart or fortification, e. g. 1/35, 2/1 (cf. Mi›gar›r;Gylf., Hymiskvi›a 7; Vƒlsunga saga)Ásgrímr m. (Ketilsson) Icelandic poet, 12th century 39/24, v139 n.
Ásgrindr f. pl. the gates of (the home of) the Æsir 2/22, 20/29
Asiamenn m. pl. people of Asia (Minor) 5/33 (Gylf., Skjƒldunga
saga, Hei›reks saga 66–7, Sturlaugs saga starfsama)
Askvitull m. a ship v493/6 (‘a bit of an askr’, q. v. in Glossary; cf.
ÁBM under -vitull; perhaps a common noun)Áslaug f. daughter of Sigur›r Fáfnisbani (and Brynhildr, according
to Vƒlsunga saga; Flb I 26–7, 39) 50/17

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Skáldskaparmál

Áss m. (pl. Æsir, q. v.) a god, one of the Æsir 5/21, 19/10, 18, 21, 23,
24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 20/5; in kenning for giant, v80/5–8 n. (Gylf.,
Grímnismál 6, ﬁrymskvi›a 2, Rígsﬂula 1, Lokasenna 11, 33). Cf.
ásmegin, ásmó›r, byggvi-Áss, hefni-Áss, hrafn-Áss, vei›i-Áss,ƒndur-Áss in GlossaryÁsta Gu›brandsdóttir f. v294 n., Glossary under hl‡ri (Hkr)Ásynja f. goddess, female Áss 1/10, 30/11, 15, 40/25, 36, v433/1(and t. n.) (Gylf.)
Atall m. sea-king v412/6; in kenning for ship (part of kenning for
Viking) v6/4
Áti m. a sea-king v412/3 (Hálfs saga)
Atla f. a troll-wife v426/5 (Hyndluljó› )Atli (1) Bu›lason m. i. e. Attila the Hun (d. AD 453) 47/30, 48/32, 33,
36, 37, 49/7, v330/3, 103/6 (PE, Vƒlsunga saga, Flb I 26)
Atli m. (2) a name for ﬁórr v82/5 (subj. of hlaut), v428/1
Atli m. (3) a sea-king v412/1 (cf. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I,
Helgakvi›a Hjƒrvar›ssonar ; Fri›ﬂjófs saga; the name of other
Vikings in fornaldarsögur)Atli m. (4) (litli), Icelandic poet, 11th century 98/3 (the nickname isgiven in Skáldatal; cf. v374 n.)Atri›i m. a name of Ó›inn (cf. Atrí›r in Gylf. and Grímnismál ) or
Freyr (cf. v328/5–6) v327/3 (obj. of bera)Au›humbla f. a primeval cow v506/3 (Au›humla in Gylf.)
Au›i m. son of Hálfdan gamli 103/3 (Flb I 25, 26)Au›lingar see ¯›lingarAu›mundr m. a sea-king v412/5
Au›r m. son of night, half-brother of Jƒr› 35/22, v121/4, Glossary
under trau›r (Gylf.; also an ox-name, cf. au›r (1) in Glossary)Au›skjálg f. a river v480/6
Augustus m. Roman emperor (63 BC–AD 14) 51/34 (Skjƒldunga saga 6, 40)
Aumar f. pl. islands off Rogaland in Norway v259/4
Aurgelmir m. a giant v421/5 (in Gylf. = Ymir; cf. Vafﬂrú›nismál 29–30)
Aurgrímnir m. a giant v431/6
Aurnir m. a giant v167/5, v420/7 (Fagrskinna 277, Hkr III 177;
ÍF XIII 448, 450)
Aurvandill hinn frœkni m. 22/21, 25, 29 (or ¯rvandill?)
Aurvandilstá f. a star (or planet) 22/28 (cf. Horwendillus in Saxo
Grammaticus 1979–80, II 58–9; Old English Earendel, thought tohave been the name of the morning star)Index of Names

447

Austri m. one of the four dwarfs holding up the sky (‘easterly’)
33/25, v106/3 (Gylf., Vƒluspá)
Austrvegr, -vegir m. (1) where giants live, Scythia 20/19 (pl.), 40/37.
(2) lands east of the Baltic 101/16 (pl.), 103/17 (pl.) (Gylf., Hkr,
Breta sögur (Hauksbók 290); appears frequently in fornaldarsögur ; = Near East, eastern Mediterranean lands in Alfræ›i I 53)
Bakrauf f. a troll-wife v423/6
Baldr m. a god 1/9–11 n., 2/29, v8 n., v14 n., v19 n., 17/28, 18/1,
v63 n., 19/27, 29, 20/6 and note, 30/10, v242 n., v429/2, v432/5,
Glossary under bál, barmi, fólk-Baldr, heilagr, hrafnfreistu›r,leiptr (1), mƒgr, sonr, tafn; in kenning for man (B. of gold, i. e.
Gizurr gullbrárskáld) v4/2; Baldr ﬂƒgli v190/8 (subj. of var›ihann; cf. note) is unknown and perhaps the line is corrupt; inkenning for war-leader, fólk-B. v310/1 (King Óláfr of Sweden);for ﬁórr, Baldrs barmi (although they are said to have been bornto different mothers, 14/25, 17/28) v67/1 (Gylf., Háttatal, PE )Báleygr m. a name of Ó›inn; his bride is Jƒr›, i. e. the land of
Norway v119/2 (Gylf., Grímnismál 47)
Baltic: Glossary under austan, sunnan
Bandadrápa f. a poem by Eyjólfr dá›askáld about Eiríkr Hákonarson
v265 n. (Hkr I; Skj A I 200–02)
Bára f. daughter of Ægir, personification of a wave 36/26 and note,
v478/7 (see Glossary and cf. Drƒfn, see note to 36/25–6)
Bar›kaldr m. ‘prow-cold’, name for a ship v492/2. Cf. Hélugbar›i
Barrey(jar) f. (pl.) Barra in the Hebrides 34/13 (v. l. Darrey-), 36/30,
cf. t. n.; Hauksbók 502; see under Ormr (1) and cf. Barey in Gylf.
and Barri in Skírnismál 39, 41
Baugi m. a giant 4/15, 16, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, v431/11
Beigu›r m. a berserk 58/32 (Beiga›r in Hrólfs saga kraka)
Beimar m. pl. followers of King Beimuni 105/26 (cf. Glossary and LP)
Beimi m. a sea-king v415/6 (TGT 99); in kenning for warrior (B.
ﬂrafna byrjar), i. e. Haraldr gráfeldr v6/2; with ﬂeim if er isomitted (as in TBU), otherwise gen. with d‡ra (or with go› ?) or
dat. of respect (or advantage; or possibly gen. with sœkiálfi if thisrefers to someone else)
Beimuni m. legendary king 105/27; a sea-king v412/4 (perhaps thesame person as at 105/27; TGT 99)
Beinvi›r m. a giant v422/1

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Skáldskaparmál

Beiti m. a sea-king v412/3; in kenning for sea, Beita borg v136/1(cf. Atlamál 61; Flb I 23, Orkneyinga saga 6)
Bekk-Mímir m. ‘bench-Mímir’, name for a giant v81/6 t. n.
Belgskakadrápa f. a poem by ﬁór›r Kolbeinsson about Eiríkr Hákonarson v302 n. (Skj A I 212; see ÍF III 119)Beli m. a giant killed by Freyr (Gylf. ch. 37, Vƒluspá 53); Belja
dólgr, Belja bani = Freyr 18/22, v61 n., v61/3, v328/5; bƒlver›ung
Belja = giants v69/3 (cf. Skjƒldunga saga, ﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar,Fri›ﬂjófs saga)
Beowulf, Anglo-Saxon poem v55–6 n.; see under Rei›gotaland
Bergelmir m. a giant v422/3 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál 29, 35)
Bersi m. (Hólmgƒngu-Bersi Véleifsson) Icelandic poet, 11th century
66/27, v221 n. (Kormaks saga)Bersƒglisvísur f. pl. a poem by Sighvatr ﬁór›arson addressed to
Magnús gó›i v386 n. (Hkr III, ÓH, Skj A I 251–6)
Berudrápa f. a poem by Egill Skalla-Grímsson about a shield given
him as a gift; see Glossary under bera (1) (Egils saga 275–6; Skj
A I 48)Bestla f. a giantess, mother of Ó›inn v25/2: vi› son Bestla ‘against(over?) Ó›inn’ apparently means ‘in warfare’ (Gylf., Hávamál 140)Bifrƒst f. the bridge between heaven and earth (Gylf.): Glossary
under rein
Bikki (jarl) m. counsellor of King Jƒrmunrekkr 49/23, 26 (PE,Vƒlsunga saga)
Bil f. counted as an Ásynja v433/8; in kenning for woman, ƒlstafna
B. v203/2 (dat. of advantage, for; or vocative) (cf. Gylf., Oddrúnargrátr)
Billingr m. a dwarf or giant; Billings burr means any dwarf or giant,in kenning for (the mead of) poetry or a poem v207/3 (Hávamál
97; a dwarf in Vƒluspá (in Hauksbók))
Bilskirnir m. ﬁórr’s hall 14/27; in kenning for ﬁórr, Bilskirnis gramr
v49/2 (Gylf., Grímnismál )Bjarkamál in fornu n. pl. an eddic poem 60/18 (see note to verses
188–90 and cf. Bƒ›varr bjarki; Hkr II, ÓH, Skj A I 180–81)
Bjarki m. see Bƒ›varr bjarki
Bjarmaland n. (near the White Sea): see under Vína (Egils saga
Skalla-Grímssonar, Hkr )Bjárr (Bíarr?) m. legendary person v330/2 (Gylf. Prologue, Flb I 28)
Bjƒrgólfr m. a giant v422/1
Bjƒrn m. legendary person v330/1 (it is the name of many charactersIndex of Names449

in fornaldarsögur, including Hrólfs saga kraka); a name for ﬁórr v428/5
Blágagladrápa f. (lost) poem by Arnórr jarlaskáld about Haraldrhar›rá›i v404 n. (Flb IV 96, Morkinskinna 118)
Bláinn m. a dwarf (SnE 1848–87, II 469; inVƒluspá and Gylf. possibly a name for Ymir, see Tryggvi Gíslason 1984), cf. Ví›-,Vindbláinn and ví›bláinn in Glossary
Blakkr m. a horse v326/3, v330/1 (SnE 1848–87, II 487; cf. Glossary)
Blapﬂvari m. a giant v419/4
Bló›ughadda f. daughter of Ægir, personification of a wave 36/26,
95/8, v357 n., 95/12, v478/8
Bló›ughófi m. Freyr’s (or Ó›inn’s) horse v327/1, v328/6 (cf. Bló›hófr,
SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Bo›n f. one of the vats containing the mead of poetry 3/21, 4/3, 37,
11/28; Bo›nar bára is the mead itself v35/1
Borgundarhólmr m. Bornholm, island in the Baltic (Jómsvíkingasaga): Glossary under sunnan
Borr m. father of Ó›inn v26/3 (Gylf., Flb I 28, Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar 169; Burr Vƒluspá 4 (Borr in Hauksbók), Flb I 27,
Hyndluljó› 30; cf. Rígsﬂula 41 and burr in Glossary)
Brá see Bró
Bragi m. (1) god of poetry 1/2 n., 1/10, 14, 1/37 n., 2/2–4 n., 3/1, 12,
4/8, 5/11 (taken to be Bragi (2) in B, SnE 1848–87, II 521, 532),
13, 14/30 n., 19/20, 19/20–21 n., 20/18 and note, 24/17–19 n., 24/19,
30/19, 40/36, v432/8 (Gylf., Lokasenna, Vƒlsunga saga (Sigrdrífumál 16); cf. Glossary under bragr, skegg-Bragi). See Bragi (2)Bragi m. (2) the Old, Boddason, 9th century Norwegian poet 11/10,
v24 n., 14/30 n., 15/26, 16/11, 16, 26, v54 n., 19/20–21 n., 69/24,
v300 n., 96/24; (Bragi skáld) 14/30, 34/18, 41/17, 44/29, 50/21,
69/29, 72/31; (Bragi hinn gamli) 50/27, 83/15. See Gylf. 7 and
Hkr I 15 (where a verse attributed to him is quoted); Egils saga
Skalla-Grímssonar 182 and note, Hei›reks saga 61, Hálfs saga,
Háttatal. It is uncertain whether it is Bragi (1) or (2) who is meant
at v11/1 (cf. Hkr I 195–6, Fagrskinna 78, Grímnismál 44, Gylf. 34).
Cf. bragnar, bragr in Glossary
Bragi m. (3) hinn gamli, legendary king, son of Hálfdan gamli,
ancestor of Bragningar 103/4, 105/24 and note (Flb I 25, 26). See
bragningr in Glossary
Bragnar m. pl. followers of King Bragi 105/23; cf. Glossary underbragnar, skegg-Bragi

450

Skáldskaparmál

Bragningar m. pl. descendants of Bragi (3) 103/5 (Flb I 22, 26; cf.
bragningr in Glossary)
Brandingi m. a giant v422/2
Brennu-Njáll m. (‘burning-Njáll’) ﬁorgeirsson, d. 1010 (see Njáls
saga) v261 n., 94/25, v355 n.
Breti m. Briton v83/1–4 n.; in kenning for giant (Geirrø›r), skyldBreti skytju v83/7; cf. skyld-Breti in Glossary
Brimir m. (1) a giant? 5/38. Cf. Vƒluspá 9 and 37; Gylf. 53 (where
Brimir is the name of a mythical hall); cf. Brimir (2)Brimir m. (2) sword-name, ‘flickerer, flasher’ v455/6 (v. l. brumr,
brimarr ; cf. Sigrdrífumál 14, Grímnismál 44 (in A)). See Falk
1914, 48
Brísingamen n. ‘Brísings’ necklace’, a mythical ornament 19/10 n.,
19/15, 20/2–4 n., 20/3, 30/14, Glossary under gir›iﬂjófr, go›,hafn‡ra, mensœkir (see Sƒrla ﬂáttr, Flb I 304–5; Gylf., ﬁrymskvi›a,
Brosinga mene in Beowulf )Brísingr m. in kenning for Loki, Brísings (go›a) gir›iﬂjófr (seeunder go› in Glossary), thief of B.’s girdle (presumably the sameas Brísingamen) v100/6 (cf. Sƒrla ﬂáttr, Flb I 304–5)
Bró or Brá f. a river v480/5 (cf. t. n.)
Brokkr m. a dwarf 41/36, 42/2, 17, 25
Brunnakr m. a mythical place v100/5 (gen. with bekkjar; if the placeis in Jƒtunheimar, the phrase is gen. of direction, (in)to; if it isI›unn’s home, it is gen. with dísi )Br‡ja f. a troll-wife v423/4
Brynhildr f. a valkyrie 47/25; daughter of Bu›li 47/31 (see bi›ja in
Glossary), 48/2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 16, 23, 29, 32, 103/6 (PE; cf. Sigrdrífa
there and Vƒlsunga saga, especially p. xxiii, and Andersson 1980, 83)
Brynjólfr blanda m. twelfth-century Norwegian v199 n.
Bu›li m. son of Hálfdan gamli (ancestor of Bu›li father of Atli
(47/30, PE) according to Flb I 26) 103/6; a sea-king v416/4 (Flb I 26)
Bu›lungar m. pl. descendants of Bu›li 103/6 (Atlakvi›a 42; Flb I
22, 27; cf. bu›lungr in Glossary)
Búi m. (digri) hero from Bornholm in Jómsvíkinga saga and Hkr I
v227/4 (subj. of bau›), Glossary under sunnan
Búri m. father of Borr v26/4 (Gylf.; cf. Burri Flb I 27, 28 and Burrfather of Ó›inn in Vƒluspá, Hyndluljó› (see Borr); name of a dwarf
in Vƒluspá in Hauksbók)
Búseyra f. a giantess or troll-wife killed by ﬁórr v58/4 (dat. of respect)Index of Names

451

B‡leistr m. a brother of Loki 19/36 (Gylf., Hyndluljó› 40; B‡leiptr
in Vƒluspá 51 (Codex Regius))
Bylgja f. daughter of Ægir, personification of a wave 36/26, 95/8,
18, v478/6 (cf. Glossary)
Byrvill m. a sea-king v415/5Bæsingr m. a sword (Legendary saga, ÓH and Flb II 78, 82, 98; cf.
Hneitir, said to be the same in ÓH 754, 755) v457/6
Bœfir, Bœgir m. an ox v504/3 v. l.
Bƒ›varr m. (1) balti, Icelandic poet, 12th century; see Kolli and noteto v107Bƒ›varr m. (2) bjarki (sometimes called Bjarki; Biarco in Saxo
Grammaticus, see 1979–80, II 49 and Skjƒldunga saga 27 n.)
58/31, v188–90 n., v190/8 n. (Hrólfs saga kraka; see bjarki andsnyrtir in Glossary, Snyrtir below)Bƒlverkr m. (1) assumed name of Ó›inn (‘mischief-causer’) 4/18,
21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35 (Gylf., Hávamál, Grímnismál;
the name of Vikings in Hálfs saga and Sƒrla saga sterka)Bƒlverkr m. (2) (Arnórsson), Icelandic poet, 11th century (brotherof ﬁjó›ólfr, see Fagrskinna, Hkr III and Skáldatal ) 94/15
Christ see Kristr
Constantine Monomachus m. Greek emperor 1042–55: Glossary under
haugr; cf. v385/4 n. (Hkr III 85–6, 88 n., Fagrskinna 234, 236 n.)Dagi m. a legendary king v328/1; cf. Dagr (2)Daglingar m. pl. descendants of Dagr (2) 103/4 (Dƒglingar Flb I 26,
Ragnars sona ﬂáttr (Hauksbók 466); cf. dƒglingr in Glossary)
Dagr m. (1) personification of day 35/22 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál 25,
Flb I 24; cf. Glossary)
Dagr m. (2) a legendary king v328/1 v. l. (cf. Dagi); son of Hálfdan
gamli, ancestor of Daglingar 103/4 (Ragnars sona ﬂáttr (Hauksbók466); Flb I 25, 26; Hyndluljó› 18; the name of various kings andheroes in fornaldarsögur)Dáinn m. (1) a stag 88/8, v512/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál 33)
Dáinn m. (2) a dwarf 42/2–6 n.; see Glossary under dau›r (Gylf.,Vƒluspá in Hauksbók, Hyndluljó› 7; an elf in Hávamál 143)
Dáinsleif f. ‘Dáinn’s legacy’, a sword made by a dwarf called Dáinn(q. v.) 72/19
Danaveldi n. the Danish realm 106/1 (Ragnars saga, Skjƒldunga

452

Skáldskaparmálsaga, Af Upplendinga konungum in Hauksbók 456, Hei›reks saga)Danmƒrk f. Denmark v111 n., 51/31, 52/7, 58/4, 80/13, v396 n.,
103/15, Glossary under grund, harri, lá›, landfrœkn, spjalli (Gylf.
Prologue, PE, Vƒlsunga saga, Hrólfs saga kraka, Hei›reks saga)
Danr m. Dane v388/2 (pl., obj. of for›ar); in kennings for giant(s),Dane(s) of rocks, berg-Danir v69/7 (gen. with brjótr), fló›rifsútvés Danir v84/6 (subj. of knáttu fyrir lúta; cf. note and Glossary
under útvé), Hlƒ›ynjar beina D. v315/2 (gen. with or›a; Kock,
NN 342, takes the base-word as myrk-Danr); harri Dana grundarking of Denmark (Eiríkr) v398/2; cf. Ey-Danir and berg-Danir,
myrkr in Glossary
Dís f. a norn v437/3 (? if not a common noun, see dís and dísarskáld
in Glossary; cf. Nipt and SnE 1848–87, II 490; Áns saga bogsveigis,
ﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar)
Dofri m. a giant v422/4 (Flb II 50–52; cf. Dofrafjall, Hkr I, Ragnars
sona ﬂáttr (Hauksbók 462))
Dragvandill m. a sword v451/4 (cf. Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar ;Dragvendill in Ketils saga hœngs; see Glossary under heinvandill
and Vandill in Index)
Draupnir m. a magic ring 17/29, 40/29, 42/10; Draupnis dróg =gold, in kenning for woman v109/1; Draupnis d‡rsveiti = gold
v188/7 (cf. Gylf. ch. 49; Skírnismál 21–2; name of a dwarf inVƒluspá )Drƒfn f. daughter of Ægir, personification of a wave 95/8, 23 (cf.
v360/3), v478/5 (cf. Bára and note to 36/25–6; see drƒfn inGlossary; SnE 1848–87, II 493); a river v482/7 (Drammen, Dramselva
in Norway; Hkr II 311 and note, ÓH 477, Hákonar saga)Drƒsull m. a horse v328/1 (cf. drasill in Glossary; SnE 1848–87,
II 487)
Dúfa f. one of Ægir’s daughters, a wave 36/26, 95/8, v357 n. (subj.
of œsir parallel to Himinglæva), 95/12, v478/6; as common noun
v289/4 (cf. Glossary)
Dumbr m. a giant v422/3 (Egils saga einhenda; cf. Dumbshaf, Flb I 23)
Dun or Dún f. the Don (river in Yorkshire or Aberdeenshire; cf.
Apardjón above) v480/3 (= Donau or Danube in Heimsl‡sing,
Hauksbók 150, which also has Duna; cf. Dyn, D‡na; Dúnhei›r,
Danube heath, in Hei›reks saga)
Duneyrr m. a stag 88/8, v512/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál 33)
Duraﬂrór m. a stag 88/8, v512/1 (Gylf., Grímnismál 33)

Index of Names

453

Durn f. a river v481/1 (cf. Cleasby and Vigfusson 1957, 780)
Durnir m. a giant v431/10
Dvalarr m. a stag v512/4 (cf. Dvalinn (3))
Dvalinn m. (1) a dwarf; in kenning for the mead of poetry, Dvalins
drykkr (see pp. 3–4: Dvalinn is used as a common noun or substitution for the actual names of the dwarfs in the story) v29/4(Ólafur Halldórsson (1969, 155) takes Dvalins salr = steinn, ‘cave’,i. e. grave (?)); Dvalins leika a name for the sun (Alvíssmál 16)
85/19, v517/8 (Gylf., Vƒluspá, Hávamál 143, Fáfnismál 13, Vƒlsunga
saga; Sƒrla ﬂáttr, Hei›reks saga)
Dvalinn (2) m. a legendary person v328/2
Dvalinn (3) m. a stag 88/8 (Gylf., Grímnismál 33)
Dyn f. a river v480/4; cf. Dun
D‡na f. a river v480/3 (perhaps the Don, but probably the (Northern)
Dvina (Düna) in Russia; cf. Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga 165, 238; cf. Vína
and Dun; Duna in Hauksbók 150, Alfræ›i I 44)Dƒnsk tunga f. the Danish tongue, the area where Norse was spoken,
Scandinavia 52/1, 80/3 (see Glossary under danskr, tunga)
Egill (1) m. son of Vƒlu-Steinn v37/4 (vocative; see note)
Egill (2) m. brother of Vƒlundr, legendary bowman; his vápn = bow
and arrows v229/4 (Vƒlundarkvi›a, ﬁi›reks saga)
Egill (3) m. Skalla-Grímsson, Icelandic poet, 10th century 9/15,
v15–16 n., 12/20, v31 n., 18/17, v60 n., 39/30, 58/1, 87/15, 93/28,
v350 n., 101/33, Glossary under tannlitu›r (Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar, Háttatal)Ei›rennir f. a river (‘isthmus-runner’) v481/7
Eikﬂyrnir m. a stag v512/2 (Gylf., Grímnismál 26)
Eilífr Gu›rúnarson m. Icelandic poet (fl. c. 1000) 13/20, 15/6, v44 n.,
v50 n., 16/21, 25/35, v73–91 n., 76/26, v268 n., v271–3 n.
Eilífr kúlnasveinn m. Icelandic poet, 12th century 77/11, v271–3 n.,
77/16, 21, 78/8
Eimgeitir m. a giant v430/3
Eimnir m. a sea-king (TGT 99); see Glossary
Einarr (1) skálaglamm (‘scales-tinkle’, see Jómsvíkinga saga 1962,33–4) m. (Helgason), Icelandic poet, 10th century 10/3, v18 n.,
11/15, v25 n., 11/30, 12/5, 13/10, 61/22, 62/19, 67/1 (?), v222 n.,
67/6, 68/3, 71/16, 75/22 (?), v262 n., 83/8, 84/29, 91/4 (Egils saga
Skalla-Grímssonar, Hkr I, Landnámabók)

454

Skáldskaparmál

Einarr (2) Skúlason m. Icelandic priest and poet, 12th century 36/28 n.,
37/23, 38/25, 39/8, 43/22, 27, 57/27, 61/27, 67/1 (?—see note tov222), 68/28, 69/5, v233 n., 70/29, 71/5, 75/22, v262 n., 78/12,
v277 n., 79/10, 86/6, 87/20, 91/9, 92/2, 93/8, 94/5, 95/7–9 n.,
95/9, 96/5, 29, v367 n., 97/5, v368 n., 98/18, 103/19, 104/5 (Hkr
III, Morkinskinna, Kn‡tlinga saga)
Einarr (3) ﬂambarskelfir m. Norwegian chieftain, 11th century
v284 n., Glossary under fullafli (Hkr III, Fagrskinna)
Eindri›i m. a name for ﬁórr v70/8 (gen. with bló›i ), v428/4 (Cf. Flb
I 28; Einri›i in Gylf. Prologue, Vellekla 15 (in Hkr I 241, Fagrskinna
120, ÓTM I 98); Indri›i is a later form of the name)Einstika f. a river v479/6
Eir f. a valkyrie v436/5 v. l. (C) see Mist; cf. Glossary under eirfjar›r(both names are in Gylf., though Eir is there listed as a goddess)and see LP
Eiríkr m. (1) Hákonarson, earl in Norway (d. c. 1023) v265 n., v302 n.,v304/2, Glossary under dá›askáld, skjƒldhlynr, ungr, ve›rmildr
Eiríkr m. (2) gó›i (Ejegod) Sveinsson, king of Denmark (d. 1103)
v111 n., v409/1, Glossary under harri, hringvƒrpu›r, ræsir, yngvi
Eiríkr m. (3) inn málspaki (the Eloquent), legendary king 103/13(Alreksson, Flb I 26; see Saxo Grammaticus I 115 (Ericus disertus);cf. Hkr I 39–40)
Eiríkr m. (4) bló›øx (d. c. 954) v20 n., v31 n., v117 n., Glossary
under gla›a, gramr, hilmir (Hkr I, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar,
Fagrskinna)
Eiríksdrápa f. (1) a poem by ﬁór›r Kolbeinsson about Eiríkr (1)v302 n., v313 n., v324 n. (ÓH ; Skj A I 213–17)
Eiríksdrápa f. (2) a poem by Markús Skeggjason about Eiríkr (2)v111 n., v387 n., v398 n. (Kn‡tlinga saga, Skj A I 444–52)
Eiríksmál n. pl. anonymous poem on the death of Eiríkr bló›øx(died in England 954) 10/13, v20 n. (Skj A I 174–5)
Eisurfála f. a troll-wife v426/6
Eitri m. a dwarf 41/36, 42/2 (SnE II 470)
Ekin (or Eikin) f. a river v479/8 (Gylf., Grímnismál 27)
Ekkill m. a sea-king v413/3 (TGT 99, Ragnars saga, Flb I 23, Egils
saga Skalla-Grímssonar 227; see LP )Ekla f. a river v479/7
Ektor m. (also written Hektor); Trojan hero (Hector), associated withﬁórr; sometimes inflected as a Latin name 6/3, 8, 18, 28 (Gylf. 55)

Index of Names

455

Elbe, river: see Saxelfr; Glossary under ƒrk
Eldir m. slave of Ægir 41/3, v317 n.; in kenning for giant, E. ár
ste›ja v317/1 (gen. with mála) (Lokasenna)
Eldr m. a giant v421/5 (= fire, see Glossary; cf. 39/14, 18 and39/13–15 n.; son of Fornjótr, q. v., = Logi in Flb I 22, ÍF XXXIV
3; see Ynglingatal 4 and 29, where fire is called sævar ni›r (i. e.
brother of Ægir) and sonr Fornjóts (Hkr I 31, 74); Ægis bró›ir
SnE 1848–87, II 486)
Elenus m. Helenus, Trojan hero, son of Priam (= Áli (1)) 6/19, 20, 29
Elfarvísur f. pl. a poem by Einarr Skúlason v320 n. (Hkr III; Skj A I 477)
Elfr f. a river in Sweden, the Göta älv v320 n., v320/1, v479/7(Háttatal, ÓH, Hkr ; cf. Gautelfr, Saxelfr, Raumelfr; see also
elfr in Glossary)
Élivágar m. pl. mythical rivers (‘storm-waves’) 22/25 (cf. Gylf.,
Hymiskvi›a 5, Vafﬂrú›nismál 31; Hei›reks saga 67, ﬁorsteinssaga Víkingssonar)
Ella m. Ælle, king in Northumbria, killed AD 867; in kenning for
giant, Ella steins v91/8 (gen. with aldar, i. e. race of giants)(Ragnars saga, Ragnars sona ﬂáttr (Hauksbók 462–4), Egils saga
Skalla-Grímssonar 146, ÓH 45; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle)
Elli›i m. name for a ship (Ketilbjƒrn’s ship in ÍF I 384, cf. Flb I 306(Sƒrla ﬂáttr), ﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar and Fri›ﬂjófs saga; ascommon noun in Kormaks saga ch. 25, ÍF VIII 294, verse 78, andfor Górr’s ship in Flb I 23; see hlátrelli›i and le›ja in Glossary;
Falk 1912, 88: elli›i is used for longships and therefore has not
kept the same associations as the Slavonic words; cf. ÁBM) v494/3
Emundr inn ríki m. legendary king 101/18 (= Eymundr in Hyndluljó›
15, Flb I 25; this form of the name is used in B, see t. n.)
Endill m. a sea-king v413/2; in kenning for giant, gallópnis halla E.
v75/8 (gen. with mantælir ; see note to v75/2)
Eneas m. Aeneas, Trojan hero identified with Vi›arr 6/27 (cf. Enea
in Gylf. and Hkr I 9)
England n. England 78/21, 80/4, v217 n., Glossary under vestr(Gylf. Prologue)
Englar m. pl. the English v31/4, 78/21 and note (cf. engill in Glossary)
Ennilangr m. a name for ﬁórr v428/3
Erpr m. son of Jónakr, brother of Ham›ir and Sƒrli 49/18, 39, 50/1,
6, 8, 12, v154/8 (gen. with barmar), Glossary under barmi (Ham›ismál,
Atlamál prose,Vƒlsunga saga)

456

Skáldskaparmál

Erringar-Steinn m. Icelandic poet, 11th century 74/14
Eufrates f. the Euphrates v479–84 n., v481/6 (Heimsl‡sing, Hauksbók
150–54, and Helgifrœ›i, Hauksbók 183)
Ey-Danir m. pl. ‘Island-Danes’, Danes of the Danish islands v376/2(gen. with mei›ir) (Kn‡tlinga saga 227; Hákonarmál , Fagrskinna
87 and Hkr I 186)
Eygotaland n. a name for the islands of Scandinavia (i. e. in theBaltic? or the Danish Islands, cf. ÍF XXXV 52 n., 348) 106/1(Ragnars sona ﬂáttr (Hauksbók 459), Skjƒldunga saga 52, Jómsvíkinga saga in Flb I 105)
Eyjólfr dá›askáld m. Icelandic poet, early 11th century 76/6, v265 n.,
84/19
Eylimi m. legendary king, father of Hjƒrdís 46/22, 103/8 (PE, Flb I
26, Vƒlsunga saga, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr)Eymundr m. legendary king 101/18 t. n., see Emundr
Eynefr m. a sea-king v413/1 (v. l. (A) Eynæfir) (Flb I 27, Hálfs saga)Eynæfir m. a sea-king, in kenning for boat, Eynæfis ƒndurr v42/3(Krákumál 11, Skj A I 644)
Eysteinn (1) Haraldsson m. king of Norway (d. 1157) v277 n.,v367 n., Glossary under bu›lungr, mildingr (Hkr III, Fagrskinna)
Eysteinn (2) Valdason m. Icelandic poet, 10th century 15/11, v45–7 n.,
15/16
Eysteinsdrápa f. a poem by Einarr Skúlason about Eysteinn (1)v312 n., v399 n. (Skj A I 475)
Eyvindr skáldaspillir m. Finnsson, ‘destroyer of poets’ or ‘plagiarist’, Norwegian poet, 10th century (d. c. 990) 7/15, v5 n., 7/29,
8/23, 11/5, 13/1, 14/13, 18/22, 35/22, 43/11, 59/33, 66/22, 71/26,
78/25, 84/19 t. n., 85/3, 102/3 (Hkr I, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar,
Fagrskinna ; his poem Háleygjatal is referred to in Gylf. Prologue
6, cf. ÓH 4, Hkr I 4)
Eyvindr m. legendary king 101/18 t. n. (T), see Emundr
Fáfnir m. son of Hrei›marr 45/14, 46/8, 11, 14; becomes the dragon
killed by Sigur›r 46/18, 23, 29, 32, 33, v151/3, 47/18, 21, 48/15,
30, 35, 90/10, Glossary under myrkaurri›i, mƒrk, snákr; Fáfnisbani(i. e. killer of Fáfnir) 103/9; in kenning for gold, Fáfnis mi›gar›rv188/4 (PE, Vƒlsunga saga); name of a sword v459/2
Fákr m. a horse v326/5, v328/4 (cf. Glossary; Háttatal; SnE 1848–87,
II 487)

Index of Names

457

Fála f. a troll-wife v425/2 (Helgakvi›a Hjƒrvar›ssonar 13, 16; ÍF
XIV; cf. Eisurfála); an axe v463/6
Falhófnir m. one of the Æsir’s horses (Grímnismál 30, Gylf.; SnE
1848–87, II 487) v327/4 (v. l. -jafnir)
Falr m. a dwarf; in kenning for poetry, Fals veigar v17/3 (Gylf.
(Vƒluspá ), Sƒrla saga sterka)
Fárbauti m. a giant, father of Loki 19/35, v64/4, v96/2 (Gylf.; Sƒrla
ﬂáttr in Flb I 304)
Farmat‡r m. ‘god of cargoes’, a name for Ó›inn 5/23; his swans areravens (Gylf. ch. 38) v5/5, v278/1 (Gylf., Grímnismál; cf. t‡r in
Glossary and T‡r below)
Fe›ja f. a river in Norway, in kenning for rock, ste›i Fe›ju v78/8(see LP )Fenja f. a giantess 52/6, 17, v159/4, v183 n., Glossary under brú›r,
fljó›, fóstr, framvíss, mær; in kennings for gold, ﬂann Fenju
meldr (or Fenju fé NN 958) v183/7 (obj. of bera), Fenju forverk
v188/3 (Háttatal; cf. Glossary)
Fenna f. a troll-wife? used as name of an arrow (read Fennu?—so A)
v466/3 (perhaps for Finna ‘finder’?—see Glossary)
Fenrir m. a mythical wolf v514/6, Glossary under algífri, garmr,úlfr (Gylf., Vƒluspá, Vafﬂrú›nismál, Lokasenna, Hákonarmál in
Hkr I 197, Háttatal; cf. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 40); as acommon noun v323/3 (á F.: for F.); called Fenrisúlfr ‘the wolf
Fenrir’ 6/23, 19/24, 20/1; listed as a giant v431/12
Fensalir m. pl. Frigg’s dwelling (‘fen halls’) 30/11 (v. l. Fun-) (Gylf.
(also Fensalr), Vƒluspá )Fetbrei›r m. a sword v453/7 (ﬁórálfr Skólmsson’s sword (‘whichleaves broad tracks’?), Fagrskinna 91, Hkr I 187; see Falk 1914, 49)
Fíf n. Fife (Scotland; Orkneyinga saga 51); as a common noun forland v501/5
Fífa f. an arrow v466/2 (Ketils saga hœngs; cf. Gusir and see Glossary)
Fimafengr m. slave of Ægir 41/3 (Lokasenna prose)
Fimbulﬂul f. a river v483/8 (Gylf., Grímnismál 27)
Finnmƒrk f. Lapland: Glossary under lá›, skrí›a (Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar 36; Orkneyinga saga 4; in various fornaldarsögur)Finnr m. Finn (inhabitant of Finland or Lapland; Hkr ) v349/2 (dat.
pl. with skri›nu, by Finns), Glossary under skrí›a; in kenning for giant(Hrungnir; with reference to 21/35), fjalla F. v104/6 (gen. with iljabrú) (dwarf-name in Vƒluspá, SnE 1848–87, II 470 (Fi›r); cf. Finnsleif)458

Skáldskaparmál

Finnsleif f. a mail-coat (‘Finnr’s legacy, what was left by F.’; perhaps the name of a dwarf-craftsman, see under Finnr, but cf. Hkr
II 345, 384: ﬁórir hundr obtained a magic garment impervious toweapons from Finns) 59/1, v474/3
Fjalarr m. a dwarf 3/19, 31; a giant v419/6 (Vƒluspá 16, Hárbar›sljó›
26; cf. Hávamál 14, Vƒluspá 42)Fjƒlnir m. a name of Ó›inn (Gylf., Grímnismál 47, Reginsmál 18,
Vƒlsunga saga); fjalla F. = a giant (perhaps specifically Suttungr),
whose drink is the mead of poetry v141/3; a legendary king in
Sweden 52/5 (Ynglinga saga in Hkr I)Fjƒlverkr m. a giant v419/3
Fjƒlvƒr f. a troll-wife v425/4 (cf. Fjƒlvarr in Hárbar›sljó›)Fjƒrgyn f. a name for Jƒr›, ﬁórr’s mother; = earth 87/3, land v501/3;
in kenning for snake, áll Fjƒrgynjar v317/2 (see note to v317;Vƒluspá,
Hárbar›sljó›)Fjƒrgynn m. Frigg’s father 30/9 (Fjƒrgvinn in Gylf., see the Index
there; Lokasenna 26)
Fjƒrm f. a river v483/7 (Gylf., Grímnismál )Fjƒrsvartnir m. a horse, alternative name for Hrímfaxi (?) 90/2 (seenote; SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Flaug f. an arrow, see under Gusir and flaug (1) and (2) and nautr(2) in Glossary (Ketils saga hœngs)Fleggr m. a giant v419/4
Foglhildr f. ‘bird-Hildr’, i. e. Svanhildr, wife of Jƒrmunrekkr (cf.
Ham›ismál) v157/4 (gen. with mun; ofljóst); see Glossary undermunr (2)Fold f. a river v484/7 (‘land’; = Oslofjord in Hkr I (cf. Ostfold,
Vestfold); v. l. (AB) fló› ‘flood’)
Fora› n. a troll-wife v424/6 (Ketils saga hœngs; cf. fora› n. in Gylf.
50/34, Fáfnismál 11, SnE 1848–87 II 494; see LP )Fornjótr m. a giant v419/5, father of wind(s) 39/13, v137/2; fatherof fire, see Eldr, Vindr and Ægir (cf. 39/13–15 n.; Orkneyinga
saga chs. 1–3 (ÍF XXXIV 3–7), Flb I 22–4)
Forseti m. a god 1/10, 17/29, v432/9 (Gylf., Grímnismál 15; a hawk,
SnE 1848–87, II 488)
Frakka f. a Frankish spear v464/7
Frakland n. Francia 103/16 (Gylf. Prologue; PE prose; Vƒlsunga saga)
Freka f. a river v479/5 (cf. Frekasteinn in PE, Vƒlsunga saga; frekr
in Glossary)Index of Names

459

Freki m. a mythical wolf v514/5 (Gylf., Grímnismál 19); as common
noun (Vƒluspá 44; cf. Glossary) 87/15, v319/2 (subj. of sleit);
Freka hveiti = carrion v324/2
Freyja f. a goddess (= ‘lady’) 1/11, 2/11, 18/4, 16, 19/10 n., 19/11,
20/34, 35, 21/2, 30/12, 40/28, 29, 36, 42/2–6 n., 43/17, 27, 44/9,
24, v292 n., v433/3, v435/2, Glossary under be›vina, brá, dísarskáld,
dóttir, mó›ir, nipt; in kennings for gold, Freyju tár v144/3 (obj.
of hlaut), Freyju hvarmﬂeyr v244/4; see Vanabrú›r (Gylf., PE,
Hkr I 24–25, Sƒrla ﬂáttr, Sturlaugs saga, Hálfs saga, Bósa saga;= Venus/Aphrodite in Trójumanna saga)
Freyr m. a god 1/9, 18/4, 18/15, v60/3 (subj. of hefr), 18/22, v62/5(dat. after skipa, for F.), v63/3 (subj. of rí›r), 30/10 n., 30/13,
40/35, 42/20, 21, 27, 44/9, Glossary under as-Freyr, bani (bani
Belja, see Beli), burr, dólgr, él-Freyr, es-Freyr, nadd-Freyr, vígFreyr; Freys nipt = Hnoss, i. e. the treasure, the decorated weapon
v147/8; in kennings for men, nadd-Freyr v205/3 (Haraldr hárfagri),as-Freyr or él-Freyr, es-Freyr v214/4 and t. n. (see v214 n.), vígFreyr v383/1 (see v383 n.; Gylf., PE, Hkr I, Flb I 27, ÍF XIII 342,
Sƒrla ﬂáttr, ¯rvar-Odds saga, Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga (preface); cf.
Yngvi, Ingi-Freyr, Ingunar-Freyr and Yngvi-Freyr); an ox v503/5
Fri›leifr m. legendary king of Denmark (son of Skjƒldr) 51/32, 33,v159/6 (Gylf. Prologue, Flb I 28, Skjƒldunga saga)
Frí›r f. name of a goddess or giantess in kenning for giant, Frí›arfrumseyrir v76/3 (cf. note), v80/1–4 n. (= ‘beautiful’, see Glossary; cf. SnE 1848–87, II 490, ÍF III 206, VIII 209 and LP )Frigg f. wife of Ó›inn 1/11, v9/3, 17/28, 19/27, 24/23, 30/9, 30/10 n.,
35/20, 40/36, v433/3, Glossary under bi›kván (Gylf., PE, Vƒlsungasaga, Hkr I 12, Sturlaugs saga; cf. Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, II 32)
Frigialand n. Phrygia 6/29 (see Frigia in Heimsl‡sing (Hauksbók
155) and Alfræ›i I 38, III 72; Trójumannasaga (Frigia and Frigialand); cf. Frigida in Gylf. Prologue and Alfræ›i III 72 v. l.; perhaps
a name for Asia Minor)
Fró›i m. (1) Fri›leifsson, legendary king 51/33, 35, 52/2, 4, 10, 11,12 (dat. of advantage), 15, 16, 17, v162/3 (gen. with man), v163/1(dat. with mƒlum), v166/1 (vocative), v175/8 (dat. with ﬂykki),
176/4, 5 (vocative), v180/4 (gen. with hefna), v182/3 (vocative),
Glossary under alsæll, bu›lungr, konungr, ﬂykkja; his fóstr are
Fenja and Menja, their sá› is gold v147/7; Fró›a meyjar = Fenja
and Menja v183/1; Fró›a mjƒl = gold 51/29, v184/2; at Fró›a460

Skáldskaparmál(Fri›leifssonar) at Fró›i (Fri›leifsson)’s (house) v159/5, v174/8(Háttatal, Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 13, Flb I 28, 29, Hkr I,Skjƒldunga saga)
Fró›i m. (2) a sea-king v412/1 (cf. Gylf. Prologue and Hyndluljó›;
the name of several legendary kings in Flb I 26–9, Skjƒldunga
saga, Hauksbók 466, Hrólfs saga kraka)
Fulla f. an Ásynja, Frigg’s servant (Gylf. chs. 35 and 49) 1/11, 30/11,
40/28, 43/11, v433/4, Glossary under fallsól; in kenning for gold,
fallsól Fullu brá vallar v143/1 (Grímnismál prose)F‡ri f. a river in Sweden (Fyriså; it flows through Uppsala) 59/6
(Ynglinga saga in Hkr I)
F‡risvellir m. pl. the plains of the (river) F‡ri 40/30, 59/21, 33; inkenning for gold, fræ F‡risvalla v185/3 (cf. ch. 44; Hrólfs saga
kraka, Kn‡tlinga saga, Ynglinga saga in Hkr I; Flb II 148–9)
Fyrnir m. a giant v419/1
Fƒlkvir m. a horse v330/6
Galarr m. a dwarf 3/19, 33; a giant v419/2
Gamli m. Gnæva›arskáld, Icelandic poet, 10th century 16/3, v49 n.,
103/27, v401 n. The nickname perhaps means that Gamli composed about a person with the nickname Gnæva›r (‘raised high’,‘towering’, see gnæfa in Glossary; Lind 1920–21, cols 113–14)
Gandvík f. Kandalakshskaya Guba, an inlet west in the White Sea,
conceived as where giants live; Skotar Gandvíkr = giants v74/6(dat. of comparison, ‘than giants’) (Háttatal, Orkneyinga saga 3,
ÓH, Hei›reks saga; Flb II 66–7, IV 11, Alfræ›i I 11, 57)
Ganges f. the Ganges v479–84 n., v483/2 (Alfræ›i I 6 and 36;
Brandr Jónsson 1925, 157)
Ganglati m. a giant v431/8 (Gylf., SnE 1848–87, II 494)
Gangr m. a giant 3/5, v76 n., v417/3 (Grettis saga 217)Gar›ar m. pl. Russia v275/3 (gen. with vƒr›), v293–5 n., v378 n.,
Glossary under austan (= Gar›aríki in fornaldarsögur and Kings’
sagas; cf. ÍF XXVII 440)
Garmr m. a dog, see Glossary (Gylf., Vƒluspá, Grímnismál 44). Cf.
Gramr (1)Gaupi m. a sea-king v413/2
Gautar m. pl. inhabitants of Götaland in southern Sweden (Hkr, ÓH,Fagrskinna, Hrólfs saga kraka); á Gautum i. e. in battle against
Gautar v279/2

Index of Names

461

Gautat‡r m. a name of Ó›inn v7/2 (‘god of the Gautar’?)Gautelfr f. the Göta älv (Sweden) v481/4 (= Elfr; Hkr, ÓH, Skjƒldunga
saga)
Gauti m. a name of Ó›inn (son of Ó›inn in Bósa saga; cf. Gauta
gildi in Kormaks saga 280); in kenning for Ásgar›r, Gauta setr
v80/2 (gen. with víkingar); a sea-king v412/7 (cf. Gautreks saga,¯rvar-Odds saga, Hálfs saga)
Gautland n. i. e. Götaland in southern Sweden in Kings’ Sagas; here
perhaps Gotland (or Jutland?) 105/30. Cf. Af Upplendinga konungumin Hauksbók 456; Hkr I 64; Danakonunga sƒgur 325
Gautr m. a name of Ó›inn 105/30; in kennings for giant, fjall-Gautr
v55/2, for ﬁórr, herﬂrumu G. v73/6 (gen. with ge›reynir); forshield, Gauts meginhur› v145/3, for sword, Gauts eldr v241/2,
Gauts sig›r v333/3, cf. hræva-Gautr v455/3, where the sword
may be personified as a ‘Gautish one’, see Glossary; for poet v197
n., v300b/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál 54, Baldrs draumar 2, 13, Háttatal,
SnE 1848–87, II 472; see references under Gautland and ÁBMunder Gauti (3), Gautur); cf. Valgautr, Hergautr, Glossary under
fjall-Gautr, hræva-Gautr, nafn
Gautrekr m. a sea-king v416/3 (v. l. Gaurekr, Gavér; see note andt. n.); in kenning for ships, Gautreks svanir v149/8 (gen. withbrautar) (cf. Gautreks saga, Hauksbók 456, Hkr I 64, Bósa saga,
Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar )Gavér m. v416/3 n. and t. n. (cf. Gavir in Gylf.)
Gefjun f. an Ásynja 1/11, v24 n., v93/1–4 n., 40/36, v433/5; inkenning for woman (Gróa), ƒl-G. v71/2 (see Glossary under ƒlGefjun; Gylf. 7/4 and note and 166, Vƒlsa ﬂáttr 57/8 and note,
Hkr I 14–15, Lokasenna; cf. SnE 1848–87, II 489; in Breta sögur(Hauksbók 241) the equivalent of Diana/Artemis and in Trójumannasaga 10 equivalent of Athene/Minerva)
Gefn f. a name for Freyja v93/1–4 n., v102/4 n., 44/24, v435/5; herdaughter (mær, mey-) is Hnoss (or Gersimi), i. e. hnoss (gørsimi)
f. a treasure, jewel, a precious weapon v149/7; in kennings fortroll-wife, bjarga G. v93/6 (gen. with byrgit‡r ; Kock (NN 135)
suggests taking Gefnar matr as a kenning for an ox, with reference to ﬁrymskvi›a 24); for woman, ƒl-Gefn (I›unn) v102/2 (withhund ), 4 (with lei›iﬂír); see Glossary under byrgit‡r, ƒl-Gefn(Gylf.; cf. SnE 1848–87, II 489; not in PE )Geirahƒ› f. a valkyrie; see Glossary

462

Skáldskaparmál

Geirdriful f. a valkyrie; see geirﬂriful in Glossary
Geirr m. a horse v328–30 n.
Geirrø›argar›ar m. pl. ‘Geirrø›r’s courts’ 17/14, 24/20, 23, 35 (cf.
¯rvar-Odds saga, ﬁorsteins ﬂáttr bæjarmagns; see Glossary under ﬁornrann)
Geirrø›r m. a giant 14/29, 20/2–4 n., 20/3, 24/24, 30, 32, 33, 35,
25/1, 14, 21, 26, 27 n., 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, v73–91 n., v73/8 (gen.
with veggjar viggs), v419/1, Glossary under álmtaug, áttrunnr,
salr, skyld-Breti, ﬂrjótr, œgir, ƒrﬂrasir (Gylf., ÍF IX 267–8; cf.
Grímnismál, ¯rvar-Odds saga, ﬁorsteins ﬂáttr bæjarmagns)
Geirvimul f. a river v484/6 (‘spear-swarming’; Gylf., Grímnismál 27)Geirƒlnir m. a goat v508/2 (a name of Ó›inn, SnE 1848–87, II 472)
Geisli m. poem by Einarr Skúlason about Óláfr (1) v277 n. (Skj A I
459–73)
Geitir m. a sea-king v412/7 (Háttatal, Flb I 23, ﬁorsteins saga
Víkingssonar ; cf. Grípisspá); in kenning for ship, Geitis marr
74/14, v257/3; for shield, Geitis gar›r v71/5; a giant v419/3
Geitla f. a troll-wife v423/5
Gera f. a river v479/1 (cf. Ger, a fiord, in Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga, Fas
III 165)
Ger›r f. an Ásynja 1/11, 30/10 (see note), v433/5 (Gylf., Skírnismál,
Hyndluljó›, Hkr I 24, if these are all the same person; she seems
to have been a giantess originally, cf. Rindr and Ska›i)
Geri m. a mythical wolf v514/1; as common noun (see Glossary)v318/1 (dat. with byrju›, for), 87/15; Gera ƒl›r = blood v324/3;
Gera beita = dead bodies v339/2 (Gylf., Grímnismál 19, Háttatal )Gersimi f. daughter of Freyja (‘treasure’, see gørsimi in Glossary;cf. Hnoss) v435/8 (Gørsemi T), Glossary under dóttir (Hkr I 25)
Gestilja f. a troll-wife v423/7
Gestill m. a sea-king v412/6 (TGT 99)
Gestr Oddleifsson m. tenth- to eleventh-century Icelander v37 n.
Gevarus v416/3 n.
Geysa f. a troll-wife v424/4
Giantland see Jƒtunheimar
Gilling f. a river v483/1
Gillingr m. a giant 3/26, 27, 29, 35 n., 36; in kenning for (the meadof) poetry, Gillings gjƒld v33/3 (see p. 3; cf. Gautreks saga)
Gils m. one of the Æsir’s horses (Gylf.; Gísl in Grímnismál
30, SnE 1848–87, II 487) v327/4

Index of Names

463

Gimir m. a heaven (the seventh) v516/15 (cf. Gimlé in Vƒluspá 64
and Gylf.)
Gísl Illugason m. Icelandic poet (fl. c. 1100) v407 n. (see Gísls
ﬂáttr, ÍF III 331–42; Jóns saga helga (see ÍF III cxlvii–clii; ÍF XV2);
de Vries 1964–7, I § 114). Cf. Gils
Gizurr m. (svarti and/or Gullbrá(rskáld); perhaps the same man, cf.
Finnur Jónsson 1920–24, I 567–8; Fidjestøl 1980, 173–80, especially
176–7 (1997, 297–8); Hkr II 91; listed in Skáldatal in U, probably
by mistake, as a poet of Óláfr (5); in AM 761 4to as a poet ofÓláfr (1)), Icelandic poet (d. 1030) 99/30, see note to verse 382.
Cf. note to verse 4
Gjálp f. a giantess or troll-wife v424/1; daughter of Geirrø›r, killedby ﬁórr v57/4, 25/14, 26, 25/27 n., Glossary under brú›r, ekkja,
fljó›, kván, runkykvir, sprund; Gjálpar stó› = wolves, which are
the mounts of giantessess (cf. Gylf. ch. 49) v324/4 (subj. of ó›) (cf.
Hyndluljó› 37)
Gjúki m. father of Gu›rún, Gunnarr and Hƒgni (Vƒlsunga saga, PE ,Norna-Gests ﬂáttr, Flb I 27) 47/26, 27, 48/7, 50/16, 103/12; Gjúkasynir
47/30 (Norna-Gests ﬂáttr); Gjúka ni›jar = Ham›ir and Sƒrli v157/2;
a sea-king v416/4
Gjúkungar m. pl. descendants of Gjúki, chs 39–43 n., v322 n.; i. e.
Gunnarr and Hƒgni 47/33, 49/4 (Norna-Gests ﬂáttr, Vƒlsungasaga, PE 212, 223)Gjƒf f. a name for Freyja v435/5 t. n.
Gjƒll f. a mythical river v479/1 (Gylf., Grímnismál 28, Háttatal )Gla›r m. a mythical horse 90/2 (see note); as common noun forhorse in kenning for wolf, g. Grí›ar v241/3 (cf. gla›r and gla›fœ›andi
in Glossary; also Gylf., Grímnismál, Háttatal, SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Glammi m. a sea-king v412/2; in kennings for sea, Glamma skei›
v363/2, Glamma sló› v373/1, see note (Flb I 23, TGT 99)
Glámr m. a giant v430/8 (cf. Grettis saga, ¯rvar-Odds saga); a
name for the moon, see Glossary
Glasir m. a mythical tree (or grove?) 41/22, 23, v142/1; in kenningfor gold 40/27, Glasis glóbarri (its foliage was gold) v188/5 (cf.
Glasisvellir (Glæsisvellir) in Norna-Gests ﬂáttr, Flb I 399–401,
Hei›reks saga (see pp. 84–6), ﬁorsteins ﬂáttr bæjarmagns, Bósa saga)
Glaumarr m. a giant v430/7
Glaumr m. (1) Atli Bu›lason’s horse v330/3 (Atlakvi›a); in kenningfor ship, Gylfa rastar G. v259/4 (dat. obj. of skaut)

464

Skáldskaparmál

Glaumr m. (2) a giant (cf. Glossary); Glaums ni›jar = giants v90/1
Gleipnir m. name of a fetter v83/1–4 n., Glossary under har›gleipnir(Gylf., SnE 1848–87, II 431–2, 515)
Glenr m. husband of Sól (the sun) 39/2, v135/1 (Gylf.)
Glit f. a river v479/1
Gló› f. a river v479/2
Glúmr Geirason m. Icelandic poet, 10th century (see note to verse 6)
7/24, 12/25, 70/24, 78/30, 102/8 (Hkr I, Fagrskinna, Laxdœla
saga, Landnámabók; cf. Glossary)
Glumra f. a troll-wife v423/5
Glymdrápa f. a poem by ﬁorbjƒrn hornklofi about King Haraldr
hárfagri v219 n., v256 n. (Hkr I 101, II 159, ÓH 230; Skj A I 22–4)
Glær m. one of the Æsir’s horses v327/5 (Gylf., Grímnismál 30,
SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Gná f. an Ásynja v433/6 (Gylf.; common in kennings, see LP, e. g.
Ynglingtal 7 (Hkr I 33), but not in PE )Gnapa f. a river v482/8 (cf. gnap in Glossary)
Gneip f. a troll-wife 25/27 n., v424/3; cf. Greip
Gnepja f. a troll-wife v424/3 (cf. Skjƒldunga saga); an axe v463/5
Gnissa f. a troll-wife v423/3
Gnitahei›r f. a heath in Germany (?) 46/18, 28, 47/21, 48/22 (Háttatal,
PE, Vƒlsunga saga (cf. note 3 on p. 24 there), Norna-Gests ﬂáttr )Gno› f. name for a ship (from the gurgling noise it makes when
sailing, see ÁBM) v493/1 (ÍF XIII 166 and n., Sƒrla ﬂáttr, Gríms
saga lo›inkinna, Egils saga einhenda (Fas I 371, II 195, III 365);
its owner, Gno›ar-Ásmundr, appears in various fornaldarsögur ;cf. Skj A I 591, II 132, v. 8, Edda Magnúsar Ólafssonar 372); cf.
víngno› in GlossaryGnæva›r (or Gnæfa›r) m. see under Gamli
God 78/17 n., 21 n. (see dróttinn, gramr, gu›, heilagr, hjálmr, konungr,munkr, ræsir, stillir, tiggi, valdr, vísi in Glossary and cf. go›)Go›rún (= Gu›rún, q. v.) f. daughter of Gjúki v59/5 (with sjálf ,subj. of var›)Góinn m. a serpent 90/11; a sword v459/7 (Gylf., Grímnismál, SnE
1848–87, II 487)
Gorr (or Górr?) m. a sea-king v413/6 (Flb I 22–3, Orkneyinga saga 3–7)
Gothormr m. (1) legendary person v172/4 (indirect obj. of veittum)(cf. Guttormr in ¯rvar-Odds saga, Sturlaugs saga)
Gothormr m. (2) stepson of Gjúki, half-brother of Gunnarr andIndex of Names

465Hƒgni 47/27, 48/25 (PE; Guttormr son of Gjúki in Vƒlsunga saga,
Norna-Gests ﬂáttr ; cf. Hyndluljó› 27). Cf. Guthormr
Goti m. (1) Gunnarr’s horse 47/35, v325/5, v330/7 (Vƒlsunga saga;
SnE 1848–87, II 487). See goti, sló›goti in Glossary
Goti m. (2) a legendary king 105/29, Glossary under tími (cf. ¯rvarOdds saga; = Goth? cf. gotnar in Glossary)
Goti m. (3) a wolf v514/7; cf. flag›s goti in Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar 188
Gotland n. part of Denmark (Jutland?) 51/31; or Götaland or Gotland?
105/29, 30. Cf. Gautland, Rei›gotaland, and Gylf. 5, 6; Hkr I 35 n.,
cf. II 109
Gotnar m. pl. followers of King Goti 105/28 (cf. goti, gotnar in
Glossary)
Grábakr m. a serpent 90/11 (Gylf., Grímnismál )Gráfeldardrápa f. a poem by Glúmr Geirason about King Haraldr
gráfeldr v6 n., v32 n., v243 n., v279 n. (Hkr I, Fagrskinna; Skj A
I 75–8)
Grafvitnir m. a snake 90/11; in kenning for gold, Grafvitnis be›rv183/4 (obj. of mólu), Grafvitnis dúnn v188/8 (Gylf., Grímnismál )Gramr m. (1) a sword 46/24, 48/2, 27, v451/5 (PE, Vƒlsunga saga,
Norna-Gests ﬂáttr ; name of a dog in Hrólfs saga kraka andﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar ; in Gylf. as variant to Garmr)
Gramr m. (2) son of Hálfdan gamli 101/20 (Flb I 25; cf. gramr (2)in Glossary)
Grani m. (1) Sigur›r Fáfnisbani’s horse 47/18, 19, 21, 37, 48/1,
v330/8; its burden or cargo was gold v188/6, v199/4 (see ch. 40)(PE, Vƒlsunga saga, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr, Háttatal ; SnE 1848–87,
II 487)
Grani m. (2) Icelandic poet, 11th century 97/28, 103/24 (the surname skáld in Skáldatal, SnE 1848–87, III 275)
Grár m. a rider v328–30 n.
Greenland v125 n.
Grégóríús Dagsson m. a twelfth-century Norwegian chieftain v320 n.
(Hkr III, Fagrskinna)
Greip f. a giantess, daughter of Geirrø›r 25/26, 25/27 n. (hereGneip, q. v.), Glossary under ekkja, fljó›, kván, runkykvir, sprund;as a general term for giantess, in kenning for ﬁjazi, son bi›ils
Greipar, son of a giant v104/4 (cf. Hyndluljó› 37, Hjálmﬂés saga)
Grendel, a monster v55–6 n. (Beowulf )466

Skáldskaparmál

Grettir Ásmundarson m. Icelandic hero, 11th century 68/23, v231 n.,
69/5 (Grettis saga, Fóstbrœ›ra saga)
Grí›arvƒlr m. ‘Grí›r’s pole’ 25/3, 5 (dat. -vƒl), 24, Glossary underhógbrotningr
Grí›r f. a giantess or troll-wife v423/3; mother of Ó›inn’s son
Vi›arr 24/37, v81/8 (cf. note to 30/10 and Ger›r); a giantess ortroll-wife’s steed (Gla›r) is the wolf (cf. Gylf. ch. 49), in kenningfor war-leader, gla›fœ›andi Grí›ar v241/3; in kenning for axe, trollwife or enemy of the helmet, Grí›r fjƒrnis v245/2 (gen. with brá )(Illuga saga Grí›arfóstra; cf. gla›fœ›andi and ranngrí› in Glossary)
Gríkir, Grikkir m. pl. Greeks 78/3, v275 n., v275/3 (gen. with vƒr›),78/19 (Hkr III, ¯rvar-Odds saga; Girkir in Fagrskinna)
Grikland n. Greece 76/24 (Hkr II, III, ¯rvar-Odds saga, Sƒrla saga
sterka; Girkland in Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 151, Fagrskinna)
Gríma f. a troll-wife v423/6 (the name is used for various female
characters in fornaldarsögur ; cf. Glossary)
Grímhildr f. wife of Gjúki 47/26 (PE, Vƒlsunga saga)
Grimlingr m. a giant v431/7
Grímnir m. a name of Ó›inn (Gylf., Grímnismál ), in kennings for
poetry, gjƒf Grímnis v39/3, granstraumar Grímnis v75/5; a giant(cf. Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar ; sef-Grímnir in Index and Glossary)v417/6, v430/7; a goat v508/1
Grímr m. a goat v508/6 (Droplaugarsona saga, ÍF XI 177; a namefor Ó›inn and for a dwarf in ﬂulur, SnE 1848–87, 469, 472; cf. Glossary)
Grísnir m. see sef-Grímnir in Glossary
Grjótbjƒrn m. pun on the name of Arinbjƒrn ﬁórisson, Norwegianchieftain (hersir), friend of Egill Skalla-Grímsson: grjót n. ‘stones’(collective); arinn m. ‘hearth’, made of stones v60/1 (obj. of hefrgœddan; cf. v60 n.)
Grjótún n. pl. (i. e. Grjót-tún, stones-dwelling; cf. ÁBM) v65/3 n.;
Grjótúna haugr v65/4 (mound = hill? or burial mound as dwellingof giants?)
Grjótúnagar›ar m. pl. ‘stones-dwellings courts’, where Hrungnir
lives 21/8, 19, 26 (or -gar›ar may imply ‘enclosure’ or ‘frontier’).
Dwellings in stony places are traditionally the homes of giants
Gróa f. a witch 22/21, 23, 29, Glossary under ƒl-Gefjun; name of asword v451/5 (cf. Grógaldr; Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga; Saxo Grammaticus
1979–80, II 27). Cf. gróa in Glossary
Grottasƒngr m. an eddic-type poem, supposed to have been firstIndex of Names

467

recited by Fenja and Menja while they worked the mill Grotti 52/14,
v159–82 n.
Grotti m. a hand-mill 52/10, 17, v168/1; Glossary under dólg, sjƒtull,
vita; in kenning for the (churning) sea v133/1 (obj. of hrœra; seenote) (Háttatal)
Grottintanna f. a troll-wife v423/8
Grund f. personification of the earth, see Glossary
Gr‡la f. a troll-wife v423/4; name for a fox (vixen) v412–517 n. (SnE
1848–87, II 490; see Glossary)Gu› m. see God and gu› (1) in GlossaryGu›mundr m. a sea-king v412/5 (cf. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I
and II; Gu›mundr, Go›mundr in Flb I 24, ¯rvar-Odds saga,Hei›reks saga (see Appendix B), Norna-Gests ﬂáttr etc.)Gu›n‡ Gjúkadóttir f. 47/27 (Flb I 27; not in PE or Vƒlsunga saga)Gu›rún Gjúkadóttir f. v59 n. (see under Go›rún), 47/27, 28, 48/8, 9,
12, 19, 32, 49/5, 7, 34, Glossary under sonr (PE, Vƒlsunga saga,
Norna-Gests ﬂáttr, Flb I 27)
Gullfaxi m. Hrungnir’s horse, afterwards Magni’s 20/25, 22/16, v326/6.
Cf. Gullinfaxi, SnE 1848–87, II 487
Gullinbusti m. a boar (‘golden bristle(d)’) 18/27 (Gullinbursti in
Gylf.; cf. Hyndluljó› 7)
Gullinn, Gullir m. a horse v327/6 t. n.
Gulltoppr m. Heimdallr’s horse 19/14, v325/5 (Gylf., Grímnismál
30, SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Guma f. a troll-wife v423/7
Gungnir (often written Gugnir) m. Ó›inn’s spear v21/4, 41/35, 42/20,
v464/8 (Gylf., Sigrdrífumál, Háttatal, TGT 86–7)
Gunnarr Gjúkason m. v75/2 n., 47/27, 29, 30, 34, 36, 48/6, 14, 17,
19, 22, 23, 30, 34, 37, 38, 49/4, 18, v330/7 (PE, Vƒlsunga saga,
Norna-Gests ﬂáttr, Flb I 27)
Gunnhildarsynir m. pl. the sons of Queen Gunnhildr and Eiríkr
bló›øx: Glossary under jar›rá›endr (Hkr I, Fagrskinna)
Gunnhildr f. wife of Eiríkr bló›øx v20 n., v36 n., v117 n. (Hkr I,
Fagrskinna, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar, Njáls saga)
Gunnlaugr m. ormstunga (‘serpent-tongue’) Icelandic poet (d. c. 1009)
v113 n., 63/18 (Gunnlaugs saga, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar ,Landnámabók)
Gunnlƒ› f. a giantess 4/1, 35, 30/10, 35/20; the kenning for Ó›inn,
farmr Gunnla›ar arma v13/2 refers to 4/35 (Hávamál)

468

Skáldskaparmál

Gunnr f. a valkyrie; though in kennings it may be the common noun
gunnr f. ‘battle’: Gunnar hyrr = sword, Gunnar hyrrunnar = warriors v221/4 (dat. with ﬂótta); Gunnar gn‡r = battle v227/3; cf.
v80/1–4 n., v147/6. See gunnr, svanr in Glossary and Gu›r, Gunnr
in Gylf., Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana II, Vƒluspá, SnE 1848–87,
II 490Gunnﬂró (or -ﬂrá) f. a river v483/4 (Gylf. 9, 33, Grímnismál 27)
Gusir m. a legendary king of Lapps in Finnmƒrk in Ketils sagahœngs and ¯rvar-Odds saga who had had some magic arrows;
Gusis smí›i an arrow v466/4; one was called Flaug ‘flight’, flaug
also means ‘flag’ or ‘weather-vane’, see Glossary, flaug (1) and(2), flug, nautr (2), skautbjƒrn, so Gusis nautr v363/4 = flag(gen. pl. with skautbjƒrn; see note) (cf. Gríms saga lo›inkinna,¯rvar-Odds saga); Gusir’s other arrows were Hremsa and Fífa
(qq. v.; cf. Jólfr); a giant v431/7
Guthormr sindri m. Norwegian poet, early 10th century v402 n.
(Hkr I, ÓH ; cf. Gothormr). See Sindri
Gylfi m. (1) a sea-king 75/3, v412/8; Gylfa rƒst = the sea v259/3 (cf.
Gylf., Hkr I, Flb I 23; Gylfir in TGT 99)
Gylfi m. (2) son of Hálfdan gamli 101/20 (see Glossary; Flb I 25)
Gyllir m. one of the Æsir’s horses v327/6 (v. l. Gullir, Gullinn)(Gylf., Grímnismál 30, Háttatal, SnE 1848–87, II 487); a giant v430/6
Gymir m. a giant, father of Ger›r v417/8 (Gylf., Skírnismál, Lokasenna
42, Hyndluljó› 30); a name for Ægir, whose wife is Rán, q. v.
v126/4, 37/18 (Lokasenna prose). Cf. gymir in GlossaryGœir m. a sea-king v413/1
Gƒmul f. a river v484/5 (‘old’) (Gylf., Grímnismál)Gƒndul f. a valkyrie v7/1, v436/3; in kennings for battle, glymvindrGƒndlar (i. e. storm of missiles) v222/1, glymr Gƒndlar v225/1;
for raven, Gƒndlar skúfr v357 n.; cf. Glossary under grindlogi(Háttatal, Vƒluspá, SnE 1848–87, II 490; cf. Sƒrla ﬂáttr)Göta river see Elfr
Gørsemi see Gersimi
Haddingjar m. pl. legendary heroes v5/4; it is unclear whether they
are part of the kenning for blood (beer of the shags of the corpses(or flower) of H.), or whether they are supposed to be the sourceof the blood shed by Sigur›r (beer of the shags, i. e. blood, of theflower of the H.); but perhaps the kenning for blood is ‘beer of theIndex of Names

469

corpse-shags’, and Haddingja is dependent on bjór ; skati Haddingja
v328/8 is presumably the same as Helgi Haddingjaska›i (PE 161,
cf. 228, 292; Gering and Sijmons 1927–31, I 385, II 134; Vƒlsunga
saga; Hei›reks saga, ¯rvar-Odds saga, Flb I 24–5; Saxo Grammaticus
1979–80, I 12–13, 153, II 90)
Háey f. Hoy (Orkney) 72/9, Glossary under hólmr (Sƒrla ﬂáttr,Orkneyinga saga)
Háfeti m. a horse v328/3 t. n.
Hafli m. a giant v417/7 (Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, I 21, II 29;
Grettis saga 156)
Hafrsfjƒr›r m. a fiord in south-west Norway (Hafsfjord) v9 n. (HkrI, Fagrskinna, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar )Hagbar›r m. legendary king, son of Hámundr 103/11 (Vƒlsunga
saga 45; Flb I 26, Hkr I 43; Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, Book 7);
a sea-king v413/7 (the same person? cf. Vƒlsunga saga 15 (H.
Hundingsson), TGT 99)
Haki m. a sea-king, brother of Hagbar›r v328/4, v372 n., v372/1,
v413/7; in kenning for ship, Haka vagn v67/6, see note (cf. Saxo
Grammaticus 1979–80, Book 7 (see II 113); Háttatal, Hkr I 43–
5, 46 n., Hyndluljó› 32, Vƒlsunga saga, Hálfs saga, TGT 99; thename is common in fornaldarsögur)Hákon m. (1) (Hákun) inn gó›i, A›alsteinsfóstri, king of Norway,(d. c. 961) v7 n., v117 n., v143/4 (gen. with aldr), v185/4, Glossary under gylfi, konungr (Hkr I, Fagrskinna, Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar)
Hákon m. (2) (Hákun) Sigur›arson, inn ríki, earl who ruled in
Norway c. 974–995, v5 n., v10 n., v12 n., v18 n., v21 n., v73–91 n.,v228 n., v292 n. (see under Haraldr (1)), 82/6, v301 n. (see under
Sigrø›r), v306/2, v334 n.; cf. v36/2 and note and mærr in
Glossary; Glossary under allvaldr, brak-Rƒgnir, fleygjandi, fold,gramr, grund, herstefnandi, hljótr, jarl, jƒfurr, konr, konungr,
menﬂverrir, óﬂyrmir, rúni, rœkilundr, sonr, spjalli, stefnir,stillir, vísi, vƒr›r, ﬂengill, ﬂiggja, ƒrﬂeysir (Hkr I, Fagrskinna,
Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar , Jómsvíkinga saga)
Hákon m. (3) galinn (d. 1216) v263 n. (Sturl., Hákonar saga)
Hákon m. (4) Grjótgar›sson, earl in Norway (9th century) v301 n.
(v. l. in A); Glossary under sannreynir, see under Haraldr (1)(Hkr I, Fagrskinna, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar )Hákonardrápa f. a poem by Hallfrø›r about Hákon (2) v10 n.,

470

Skáldskaparmál

v118–19 n., v212 n., v229–30 n., v248 n., v288 n. (Skj A I 155–6;
cf. Hallfre›ar saga 151)
Hákonarmál n. pl. a poem by Eyvindr skáldaspillir about Hákon (1)v7 n., v11 n., v393 n. (Hkr I 186, 193; Skj A I 64–8)
Hákun see Hákon
Hála f. a troll-wife v424/4 (cf. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 54,
Helgakvi›a Hjƒrvar›ssonar 16, 18)
Háleygjatal n. a poem by Eyvindr skáldaspillir for Earl Hákon (2)v5 n., v23 n., v33 n., v61 n. (Gylf. Prologue, Hkr I 4, ÓH 4, Ágrip,
Fagrskinna; Skj A I 68–71; Háleygjadrápa in Flb)
Hálfdan m. (1) gamli, legendary king 101/10, 103/1 (Flb I 25, 27; cf.
Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana II prose (PE 161), Hyndluljó› 14; HealfDene (sg.) in Beowulf )Hálfdan m. (2) inn mildi (ok inn matarilli), descendant of Bragi (3)103/5 (cf. Ynglinga saga, Hkr I 78–9, Íslendingabók; Flb I 26–8)
Hálfdan m. (3) svarti (Gu›rø›arson), king in Norway, 9th century
103/12 (Hkr I 80, Fagrskinna, Flb 26, 28, Íslendingabók)
Hálfdan m. (4) svarti Haraldsson v402 n. (Hkr I, Fagrskinna)
Hálfdanar m. pl. Half-Danes v180/3 (acc. with hefna vi›; cf. Noreen
1923, § 386.2: the form could be acc. sg. of Hálfdani). Cf. HealfDene (pl.) in Beowulf
Hálfr m. legendary king 39/19, 105/19 (Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka(on his death see chs 12–13), Norna-Gests ﬂáttr, Flb I 23, Tóka ﬂáttr);
a sea-king v413/5 (the same person?) (cf. Gu›rúnarkvi›a II 13,
Hyndluljó› 19 v. l., Vƒlsunga saga)
Hallar-Steinn m. Icelandic poet, 12th century 63/8, 23. See also
Steinn (1) and note to verse 201
Halldórr m. (1) ókristni, Icelandic poet, early11th century: see Leggbiti
below
Halldórr m. (2) skvaldri, Icelandic poet, 12th century 98/28 (v. l.
Skúlason), v379 n.
Hallfrø›r m. Óttarsson vandræ›askáld (‘troublesome poet’), Icelandic poet (d. c. 1007) 8/17, v10 n., 35/27, 36/14, 65/10, 68/13,
71/21, 81/11, 26, 102/21, v397 n. (Hallfre›ar saga, Hkr I, Fagrskinna)
Hallinskí›i m. a ram v507/5 (a name for Heimdallr in Gylf.) (cf.
Heimdali)
Hallr m. (Snorrason), Icelandic poet, 12th century 88/9 (Sverrissaga 1920, 72)
Hallvar›r m. (Háreksblesi), Icelandic poet, 11th century 35/11, v115 n.,Index of Names

471

70/6, 74/24, 75/16, v311 n., 93/18, 100/28 (Kn‡tlinga saga, Hkr
II, ÓH ); cf. Haraldr (2) 86/1 and t. n.
Hálogaland n. Hålogaland (cf. Helgeland, northern Norway) 60/10.
The name is not derived from the personal name Hƒlgi; cf. alsoﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar (Fas III 1)
Ham›ir m. son of Gu›rún and Jónakr v24 n., v59/4 (subj. of spara),
49/17, 38, 50/11, 15, 28, v156/6 (ﬂeir H. ok Sƒrli are subj. of ur›ubar›ir), Glossary under barmi, birki, ni›r (1), sonr, vilja; inkenning for coat of mail, Ham›is skyrta 68/13, v229/3 (Háttatal,Ham›ismál, Vƒlsunga saga)Ham›ismál n. pl. eddic poem v24 n. (PE 269–74)
Hangago› n. god of the hanged, i. e. Ó›inn, lord of Valhƒll, toreceive whose hospitality is to die in battle v2/4, Glossary under
heimbo› (Gylf.)
Hangat‡r m. Ó›inn 5/23 (cf. T‡r and Glossary under t‡r); in kenningfor helmets v3/2
Hangi m. a name of Ó›inn (‘hanged one’; cf. Hávamál 138); in
kenning for coat of mail, Hanga hrynserkr v228/1, for raven oreagle, Hanga gagl v248/3 (could be a common noun here, as perhaps elsewhere in skaldic verse, see LP)
Hapt n. ?a name for ﬁjálfi, see Glossary and note to verse 75/2
Haraldr m. (1) hárfagri, Norwegian king (c. 885–935) v9 n., v29 n.,
v219 n., v292/4 (probably; or conceivably Haraldr (8) gráfeldr;
his sannreynir (friend, earl) is Hákon Grjótgar›sson or his son
Earl Sigur›r Hákonarson; the son referred to would then be either
Sigur›r Hákonarson or his son Hákon; see note), v345 n., v402 n.
and Glossary under barnungr, bragningr, gramr, har›rá›r, hrjó›r(1), konungr, mannskœ›r, mœtir, nadd-Freyr, sannreynir, sonr
(Hkr I, Fagrskinna, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar )Haraldr m. (2) a poet, perhaps a mistake for Hallvar›r 86/1 (see noteto v311)
Haraldr m. (3) blátƒnn, Gormsson, king of Denmark (d. c. 986):
Glossary under jƒfurr, landfrœkn, ógnher›ir, ræsir, spjalli. Cf.
v192/1 and note, and see under Lund (Kn‡tlinga saga, Hkr I,
Fagrskinna, Ágrip)
Haraldr m. (4) inn granrau›i 103/11 (Norwegian king in prehistoric
times; Hkr I 79; apparently nicknamed grenski in Flb I 26)
Haraldr m. (5) Sigur›arson har›rá›i (‘harsh ruler’; king of Norway
1046–66) v120 n., 75/16, v261 n., v275 n., 80/21, 82/7 (cf. v293/1:

472

SkáldskaparmálÓláfr kyrri’s father), v293–5 n., v294 n., v295/4 (his brother’s son
was Magnús gó›i), v309 n., v322 n., v353 n., v355 n., v358 n.,
v373 n., v378 n., v396 n., v404 n; Glossary under beinir, bragningr,
drengr, dróttinn, dƒglingr, glƒ›u›r, gramr, greddir, hilmir,hir›, hl‡ri, hneykir, jƒfurr, konr, konungr, landreki, lof›ungr,mei›ir, siklingr, skilfingr, skyndir, sonr, stjóri, víkingr, vísi,
yngvi (Hkr III, Fagrskinna, Morkinskinna)
Haraldr m. (6) hilditƒnn (‘war-tooth’), Danish king in legendary
times v192 n., v330/6? (Hyndluljó› 28, Flb I 27–8, Skjƒldunga
saga (see ÍF XXXV 49 n., Ragnars saga, Bósa saga; Saxo
Grammaticus 1979–80, Books 7 and 8). Cf. Hilditannr
Haraldr m. (7) Magnússon gilli (d. 1136) v312 n., v399 n., Glossary
under dƒglingr, hildingr (Hkr III, Fagrskinna)
Haraldr m. (8) gráfeldr, king of Norway (d. c. 975) v6 n., v12 n.,v249 n., v292/4? (see Haraldr (1)), Glossary under fold, grund,hilmir, landvƒr›r, sannreynir (?), sonr (?), sœkiálfr, vƒr›r(Hkr I, Fagrskinna). See under Ullr
Haraldskvæ›i n. a poem by ﬁorbjƒrn (2) about Haraldr (1) v9 n.
(sometimes called Hrafnsmál ; neither name is found in medieval
manuscripts; Skj A I 24–9)
Har›greip f. a troll-wife v424/6 (Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, I 22,
II 29)Har›greipr m. a giant v431/1
Har›véorr m. a name for ﬁórr v428/6
Har›verkr m. a giant v418/1
Hárekr m. unknown battle-leader v22/4; a sea-king v413/6 (thename of several characters in fornaldarsögur)Hárr m. a name of Ó›inn (‘hoary’, see Glossary); in kennings for(the mead of) poetry v33/2, for battle, Hárs drífa v214/2 (gen.
with askr, see note; perhaps should be Háars, see v143 n.), Hársve›r v220/2, Hárs róma v223/3 (dat., in battle, or gen. with skúrir(or with sómmi›jungum, NN 412); less likely to be Hárr rómu,
kenning for warrior; see note) (Hár, Hávi = ‘high’ in Gylf.; cf.
Háttatal, Vƒluspá, Grímnismál 46, Flb II 49, Ágrip 3; also adwarf-name in Vƒluspá )Harri (Herra) m. son of Hálfdan gamli 101/21 (Flb I 25; cf. harri,
herra in Glossary)
Hástigi m. a giant v418/2 (name of a horse in SnE 1848–87, II 487;
cf. Hjálmﬂés saga)Index of Names

473

Hati m. (Hró›vitnisson) a mythical wolf (Gylf., Grímnismál 39;
Hatti in Hei›reks saga in Hauksbók 367; a giant in Helgakvi›aHjƒrvar›ssonar) v514/3
Háttatal n. poem by Snorri Sturluson in the third part of his Edda
5/13 n., v517/8 t. n.
Haustlƒng f. a poem by ﬁjó›ólfr hvinverski (‘autumn-long’) 1/31 n.,
20/2–4 n., 22/33, v65–71 n., 30/22, v92–104 n. (Skj A I 16–20; cf.
Turville-Petre 1976, 8)
Hávar›r halti (Ísfir›ingr) m. Icelandic poet, fl. c. 1000 (Hávar›arsaga, Landnámabók ) 6/37, v2 n.
He›inn m. Hjarrandason, legendary king 72/3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13,
16 and note, 21, v250 n., v252/6 (obj. of sóttu), Glossary underbo›i (2), jƒfurr, reik, skálleikr, støkkvir, ve›r (1); see underVi›rir; in kenning for battle, skálleikr He›ins reikar v83/8 (Háttatal,Sƒrla ﬂáttr , Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga, Háttalykill 23 (pp. 26–7))
Hefring f. daughter of Ægir, personification of a wave 36/26, 95/8,
v357 n., 95/12, v478/1 (SnE 1848–87, II 493)
Hegranessﬂing n. v231 n. (Grettis saga)Hei›i m. a sea-king, in kenning for waves, Hei›a fannir v266/3 (cf.
Heiti (so U))
Hei›ornir m. a heaven v516/5 t. n.; see Hei›ﬂyrnirHei›rekr m. a giant; used as a common noun (= Geirrø›r) v89/2(gen. with hƒf›i—or with hƒll ?) (perhaps a description, ‘heathking’, rather than a name; but there are characters of this name inHei›reks saga, Sƒrla ﬂáttr, ﬁorsteins ﬂáttr bæjarmagns, Flb I 27)
Hei›rún f. a mythical (she-)goat v509/1 (Gylf., Grímnismál, Hyndluljó›)
Hei›ﬂyrnir m. a heaven = Vindbláinn v516/5 (cf. hei›ﬂornir in
Glossary and see t. n.)
Heimdalargaldr m. ‘Heimdallr’s spell’, a lost poem 19/12 (see Gylf. 26)
Heimdali m. a ram v507/7 (cf. Hallinskí›i)
Heimdal(l)r m. a god 1/9, v8 n., v19/4 (subj. of rí›r), 19/9, 14,
20/6 n., v64 n., 20/16, 108/8–9 n., v429/9, v432/6, Glossary undermƒgr, rá›gegninn, rein, vári (Gylf., PE , Hkr I 16, Skjƒldungasaga). Note inflexion: gen. Heimdalar 19/11, 13, 108/8, 9; Heimdala
20/6 may be a weak form (cf. Heimdali).
Heimir í Hlymdƒlum m. 50/17 (elliptical gen., i. e. at his home) (Vƒlsunga saga, Ragnars saga, Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar, Grípisspá)
Heinir m. pl. people of Hei›mƒrk (Hedmark) in Norway v376/3(gen. with heit) (Hkr II 69, III 166)

474

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Heiti m. a sea-king v414/4; in kennings for ship, Heita hrafn v130/3,
Heita blakkr v194/3; Heita konr v296/1 (= Earl Rƒgnvaldr) perhaps
means spiritual descendant of Heiti (cf. Glossary under konr,ætt), i. e. brave sea-warrior (TGT 99, Flb I 23, Orkneyinga saga
6). Cf. Hei›i
Hektor m. see Ektor
Hel f. the abode of the dead 22/12, v332/6, v380/2, Glossary underljósta; daughter of Loki, presiding over the world of the dead
17/30, 19/30, 20/1, v91/1 t. n., v214 n., Glossary under lifra,
sinna (1), úlfr (Gylf., PE, Vƒlsunga saga)
Helblindi m. Loki’s brother 19/36 (Gylf.; also a name of Ó›inn inGylf. and Grímnismál 46, cf. 20/2 n.)Helga in fagra f. v202 n., Glossary under lág, runnr, r‡gr (Gunnlaugs saga)
Helgi Haddingjaskati (or -ska›i) m. see Haddingjar and ska›i, skati
in Glossary
Helreginn m. a giant v431/9
Hélugbar›i m. ‘icy-prowed’, name for a ship v492/4. Cf. Bar›kaldr
Hemlir m. a sea-king v413/5
Hengikepta f. a troll-wife v424/2
Hengikjƒptr m. 52/10 (a name of Ó›inn, SnE 1848–87, II 472, 555)
Hengjankjapta f. a giantess or troll-wife killed by ﬁórr v58/5
Hergautr m. (‘host-Gautr’) a name for Ó›inn (Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar 250, Sonatorrek 11, though here it could be a kenningfor warrior); Hergauts vina = Jƒr›, i.e. jƒr›, the earth, in kenningfor stones (ofljóst ) v156/8. Cf. Gautr
Herkir m. a giant v418/3 (= fire, SnE 1848–87, II 569; name of aberserk in Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga)
Herkja f. a troll-wife v425/2. Cf. Gu›rúnarkvi›a II–III
Hermó›r m. an Áss, son of Ó›inn v11/1, v429/6; in kenning for
warrior, sig›is látrs H. v195/4 (subj. of átti) (Gylf. (see Index
there), Skjƒldunga saga; cf. Flb I 28, Hyndluljó›)
Hermundr (Illugason) m. brother of Gunnlaugr ormstunga v113/2
and note (Landnámabók, Gunnlaugs saga, Hei›arvíga saga)
Herra m. 101/22: see Harri (cf. Herran, a name for Ó›inn in Gylf.,
and herra in Glossary)
Hert‡r m. a name of Ó›inn (host-god; cf. t‡r in Glossary): inkenning for the mead of poetry, Hert‡s vín v18/2
Hildigƒltr m. or Hildisvín n. a helmet 58/34, 37, v473/1 (‘battleboar, -swine’) (Skjƒldunga saga; cf. Hyndluljó› 7, Háttatal 2)

Index of Names

475

Hildingar m. pl. descendants of Hildir 103/1, 11. Cf. hildingr in Glossary
Hildir m. son of Hálfdan gamli 103/1 (Flb I 25)
Hildisvín n. a helmet, see Hildigƒltr
Hildisvíni m. a boar 42/2–6 n. (Hyndluljó› 7)
Hilditannr m. Haraldr hilditƒnn (‘war-tooth’), Hræreksson, Danishking in legendary times; ætt Hilditanns = the line of Danish kings
v299/4 (cf. the verse by Snorri in TGT 31, 116–17, Hákonar saga173). See Haraldr (6) hilditƒnn
Hildólfr m. a son of Ó›inn v429/5 (cf. Hárbar›sljó› 8)
Hildr f. (1) a valkyrie v214 n., v436/3, Glossary under hjaldrgegnir;= Brynhildr 47/24 (cf. Helrei› 7); in kennings for battle, Hildar
hjaldr ‘Hildr’s noise’ v39/1 t. n., for shield, Hildar segl v222/3,
Hildar veggr v231/3 (gen. with hregg-Nir›ir), 69/5, Hildar sk‡
v403/3, for giantess, fjalla H. v242/3 (subj. of lét). Cf. Gylf.,
Háttatal 49, 54, Vƒluspá 30, Grímnismál 36, SnE 1848–87, II 490
and hildr in Glossary. Hildr (1) and Hildr (2) are not always
distinct, and in some kennings the word may be the common noun
hildr f. ‘battle’, see Glossary
Hildr f. (2) Hƒgnadóttir 72/3, 10, 24, v252/7 (gen. with hringa, i. e.
from H.), v266 n., Glossary under bœti-ﬁrú›r, hringr (4), hristiSif, mær, ofﬂerrir, ósk-Rán (Sƒrla ﬂáttr; cf. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana II 29 and Háttatal 49); in kenning for shield 70/5. Cf. Hildr (1)Hilmir m. son of Hálfdan gamli 101/20 (Flb I 25; cf. Glossary)
Himinglæva f. daughter of Ægir, personification of a wave 36/25, 95/8,
v357/2 (subj. of œsir), 95/12, v478/4 (Háttatal, SnE 1848–87, II 493)
Himinhrjótr m. an ox v331/5 (v. l. Himinhrjó›r, Himins hrjótr),v504/1 (‘heaven-snorter’? See Gylf. ch. 48)
Hindafjall n. a mountain 47/31 (‘hind-fell’; Hindarfjall in Vƒlsunga
saga)
Hísing f. island in the estuary of the Göta river v377/3 (Hkr III,
Fagrskinna)
Hja›ningar m. pl. followers of He›inn 72/1 (in kenning for battle),
30; in kenning for weapons, Hja›ninga eldar e›a vendir 72/1–2(complement, see Glossary under vápn); in kenning for gold, grjót
Hja›ninga v204/4 (possibly on the analogy of grjót handar, theHja›nings being perhaps particularly renowned for their use ofjewellery, though according to the story in ch. 50 it ought to mean
‘weapons’ or ‘shields’; Kock, NN 3240, points out that the reference
could be to a shield-maiden) (Háttatal, Háttalykill 23 (p. 26))

476

Skáldskaparmál

Hja›ningavíg n. the Hja›nings’ battle v24 n., 72/23 (Sƒrla ﬂáttr )Hjálmarr m. a sea-king v414/5 (cf. Hei›reks saga, ¯rvar-Odds saga)
Hjálmr m. a legendary person v328/3 t. n. (cf. Ketils saga hœngs,Orms ﬂáttr in ÍF XIII 413)
Hjálmunlá f. a river v482/3 (= wave in Sighvatr’s Knútsdrápa,
Fagrskinna 185)
Hjálmﬂér m. a legendary person v328/3 (cf. Flb I 26; Hjálmﬂés saga)
Hjálprekr m. legendary king 46/20 (PE prose, Vƒlsunga saga, NornaGests ﬂáttr ; cf. ﬁi›reks saga)
Hjalti m. (1) hugprú›i, a berserk 58/31 (cf. Hrólfs saga kraka,
especially p. 85; Tóka ﬂáttr in Flb II 221)
Hjalti m. (2) Skeggjason v369 n. (Íslendingabók, Njáls saga)
Hjaltland n. Shetland, q. v. (Orkneyinga saga); harri Hjaltlands =Earl ﬁorfinnr v384/2
Hjar›arholt n. a farmstead in western Iceland v8 n. (Laxdœla saga)
Hjarrandi m. a name of Ó›inn (ﬂula in A and B, SnE 1848–87 II 472,555), in kenning for shields, hur›ir Hjarranda v254/6 (no connection here with Hjarrandi father of He›inn 72/4) (Háttatal )Hjƒrdís f. mother of Sigur›r Fáfnisbani 46/22 (PE 163–4, Vƒlsungasaga, Flb I 26, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr, Hyndluljó› 26)Hjƒrn f. a name for Freyja v435/4 (v. l. Hƒrn, q. v.)
Hjƒrólfr m. a sea-king v414/1 (cf. Hálfs saga, ¯rvar-Odds saga)Hjƒrungavágr m. Liavåg in western Norway, site of a battle c. 980:
Glossary under gn‡r, sunnan (Hkr I, Fagrskinna, Kn‡tlinga saga,
Jómsvíkinga saga)
Hlei›r(a) f. Lejre, a place in Sjælland, seat of the Danish kings inprehistoric times v178/2, 58/12 (Ragnars sona ﬂáttr (Hauksbók
459), Skjƒldunga saga; cf. Hlei›argar›r in Hrólfs saga kraka)
Hlér m. alternative name for Ægir 1/2, 37/18, 39/13–15 n. (Flb I 22,
Orkneyinga saga 3–4; Hlés brú›ir in Hei›reks saga 40). Cf. Glossary
Hlésey (‘Hlér’s island’, = Læsø in the Kattegat off Denmark; cf.
hlér in ÁBM) 1/2 (Hárbar›sljó› 37, Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana II,
Oddrúnargrátr ; Orkneyinga saga 4, Kn‡tlinga saga, ¯rvar-Odds
saga, Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga)
Hli›r m. an ox v504/5 (perhaps a common noun; cf. 109/18, v503/8),
cf. v512/2. See Glossary under hli›r and røkkvihli›r
Hli›skjálf f. Ó›inn’s watchtower; Hli›skjálfar gramr is Ó›inn (cf.
Hallfre›ar saga 157, verse 9) v22/2 (Gylf., Grímnismál prose, Skírnismál prose; cf. li›skjálfar, Atlakvi›a 14)

Index of Names

477

Hlín f. an Ásynja v434/1 (perhaps a name for Frigg; Gylf. (see note
there to 52/5), Vƒluspá 53; cf. SnE 1848–87, II 490)
Hlói m. a giant v431/8
Hlóra f. ﬁórr’s foster-mother 14/30 (v. l. Lora; cf. Glora, Lora in
Gylf.)
Hlórri›i m. a name for ﬁórr v428/5 (Hymiskvi›a, ﬁrymskvi›a, Lokasenna 54, Gautreks saga, Vellekla in Hkr I 242; cf. Lori›i in Gylf.
Prologue, Hlóri›i in Flb I 28)
Hlymdalir m. pl. a legendary place 50/18 (Helrei›; see Vƒlsungasaga, Ragnars saga)Hl‡rnir m. a heaven (the sixth) v516/13 (see Glossary and note to
85/13; Alvíssmál 12, SnE 1848–87, II 486)Hlƒ›yn (or Hló›yn) f. a name for Jƒr›, mother of ﬁórr; = earth
86/21, land v501/2; her bones are rocks v315/4 (cf. Gylf. Prologuech. 1 and Ymir’s bones in Gylf. ch. 8; Vƒluspá (quoted in Gylf.
52), Velleka in Hkr I 256 in a kenning for Jutland)Hlƒkk f. a valkyrie v436/4; Hlakkar drífa = battle v221/3; Hlakkar
tjald shield v231/1; Hlakkar segl = shield v247/3; in kenning for
woman (unidentified), H. hvítinga v338/3 (subj. of mundit mik
líta); in kenning for raven or eagle, svanr Hlakkar v382/2 (Gylf.,(Grímnismál 36), Háttatal, SnE 1848–87, II 490; taken as a common noun = battle in some places in Háttatal and elsewhere, see
LP and cf. Hildr (1))
Hnefi m. a sea-king v416/5 (¯rvar-Odds saga)
Hneitir m. a sword v452/7 (St Óláfr’s; see ÓH, Hkr II, Flb II; cf.
Bæsingr, according to ÓH 754–5 another name for the same sword;
also used as a common noun for sword, cf. LP ; see also hneitir in
Glossary; Falk 1914, 51–2)
Hnipul f. a river v482/2
Hnitbjƒrg n. pl. a mountain 3/39, 4/5, 11/29, v292 n. (found as aplace-name in Iceland, see LP, ÁBM)Hnoss f. Freyja’s daughter 30/13, 43/27, v434/2, v435/8, Glossary
under barn, be›r, dóttir, dript, hró›rbarn, mó›ir, mær, nipt
(she, or her sister Gersimi, is referred to in kennings for gold ortreasure or a precious weapon (ofljóst ); cf. hnoss f. ‘treasure,jewel’ (Háttatal; frequent in verse, see LP), hnossvinr in Glossary,
and Gersimi) (Gylf. 29, Hkr I 25). Cf. verses 147–9, which use
extensive ofljóst for Hnoss or Gersimi = treasure, precious weapon;
cf. Hallfre›ar saga 156

478

SkáldskaparmálHnƒpul f. a river v482/3
Holmengrå: see under Hólmr inn gráni and hólmr in Glossary
Hólmgar›r m. Novgorod 101/18 (sometimes pl.; Flb I 25; ¯rvarOdds saga, Yngvars saga ví›fƒrla, Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga, ﬁorsteinsﬂáttr bæjarmagns, Kristni saga; Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 155)
Hólmgƒngu-Bersi see Bersi
Hólmr inn gráni = Holmengrå, island off Norway (in Oslofjord)v399/1 and note; Glossary under hólmr
Hómarr m. a sea-king v416/5
Hornklofi m. (= ﬁorbjƒrn (2)) Norwegian poet (fl. c. 900) 66/17,
74/8, 93/3 (Hkr I, Fagrskinna). See note to verse 9 and cf. Gylf.
7 and note there to 7/31–4; on the name see Fidjestøl 1991, 126;
Egill Skalla-Grímsson, Hƒfu›lausn 16 (ÍF II 190); ﬂula of names
for raven in A and B, SnE 1848–87, II 488, 571
Hrafn m. (1) King Áli’s horse 58/34, v325/1, v328–30 n., v329/5(Hkr I 57, SnE 1848–87, II 487); in kennings for ship, Heita h.
v130/4 (dat. obj. of sk‡tr), stƒ›var h. v119/3 (gen. pl. with stefnir).
In both cases the word could be hrafn ‘raven’, cf. Glossary andv118–19 n.
Hrafn m. (2) ¯nundarson v202 n. (Gunnlaugs saga)
Hrafnketill m. a ninth-century Norwegian (presumably the one whobrought the poet the shield as a gift from King Ragnarr) v237/1(vocative)
Hrafnsmál n. pl. a poem, = Haraldskvæ›i, q. v. v9 n.
Hrau›nir m. a sea-king v413/8; a giant v417/6 (cf. Skj B I 137, v. 5(emendation))
Hrau›ungr m. a sea-king v414/1 (cf. Grímnismál prose, Hyndluljó›);a giant v431/12 (Hjálmﬂés saga)
Hregg-Mímir m. a name for the sky (‘storm-M.’) 85/17; a heaven =Vindbláinn v516/6 (SnE 1848–87, II 485/29). See Glossary
Hrei›marr m. father of Fáfnir and Reginn 45/10, 13, 16, 17, 19, 33,
35, 37, 38, 46/7, 9, 14, 15 (Reginsmál, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr,Vƒlsunga
saga)
Hreinn m. a ship v492/2 (see hreinn (2) in Glossary)
Hrekkmímir m. name of (or kenning for?) a giant (mischief-Mímir;= Geirrø›r or as common noun) v81/6 (gen. with ekkjur)
Hremsa f. an arrow (Ketils saga hœngs, ¯rvar-Odds saga; see under
Gusir) v465/6. Cf. Glossary
Hrí› f. a mythical river v484/2 (‘storm’) (Gylf., Grímnismál)

Index of Names479

Hrí›r m. an ox v504/6 (cf. Glossary)
Hrímfaxi m. (‘rime-mane’) night’s horse 90/1 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál,
SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Hrímger›r f. a troll-wife v425/1 (cf. Helgakvi›a Hjƒrvar›ssonar)
Hrímgrímnir m. a giant v220/4 t. n., v418/4, Glossary under hrísgrísnir
(Skírnismál)
Hrímnir m. a giant v417/5; as a common noun in kenning for (themead of ) poetry, Hrímnis hornstraumr v46/3; in kenning for giantess, Hrímnis drós v88/6 (gen. with ƒrﬂrasis); a boar v513/2 (cf.
t. n.) (Skírnismál, Hyndluljó›, Vƒlsunga saga, Gríms saga lo›inkinna;a name for fire and for a hawk, SnE 1848–87, 486, 487). Cf. Sæhrímnir; hrímnir, hallhrímnir, valhrímnir in Glossary; Andhrímnir,Eldhrímnir in Gylf.
Hrímﬂurs m. a giant v418/5 (cf. Vafﬂrú›nismál 33, Grímnismál 31,
Hávamál 109, Skírnismál 30, 34, Bósa saga (Fas III 294) and see
Glossary)
Hringhorni m. Baldr’s ship 17/29 (see Hringr and Glossary under
hringr); Hringhornir v492/6 (Gylf.)
Hringr m. a ship v493/1 (see Glossary and cf. Hringaskúta, Sturl. II 27)
Hringvƒlnir m. a giant v430/4
Hrinnir m. a boar v513/2 t. n.
Hripsto›r m. a giant v417/8
Hrist f. a valkyrie v436/6; in kenning for woman, mja›ar H. v205/4(= Snæfrí›r when dead) (Gylf., Háttatal, Grímnismál )Hrjó›r m. a heaven (the fifth) v516/13 (SnE 1848–87, II 486, 569;
a name for Ó›inn, SnE 1848–87, II 555; cf. hrjó›r (2) in Glossary)
Hróarr m. a giant v431/13 (cf. Hrólfs saga kraka, Flb I 29)
Hró›vitnir m. a mythical wolf v514/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál; cf. Hró›rsvitnirin Lokasenna)
Hrólfr kraki m. 58/4, 7, 11, 15, 22, 24, 26, 29, 35, 36, 59/4, 11, 12,
14, 19, 23, 26, 29, v188–90 n., v190/8 n., Glossary under bur›r,
gramr, gunnveitir, hilmir, mágr, sonr, vísi (Hrólfs saga kraka,Skjƒldunga saga); see Kraki
Hroptat‡r m. a name of Ó›inn (whose son is Baldr) v8/3 (subj. ofrí›r), v11/2 (Gylf., Hávamál 160, Grímnismál, SnE 1848–87, II 472)
Hroptr m. a name of Ó›inn v21/4, v242/3 (gen. with gildar : Ó›inn’s
warriors are berserks, cf. Gylf. ch. 49); Hropts hƒttr = helmet
v472/1 (Vƒluspá, Grímnismál, Lokasenna, Sigrdrífumál (quotedin Vƒlsunga saga), SnE 1848–87, II 472; cf. Hávamál 142)

480

Skáldskaparmál

Hrossﬂjófr m. a giant v431/10 (Hyndluljó›; cf. Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar)
Hrotti m. a sword 46/16, v451/3 (Fáfnismál prose, Vƒlsunga saga,Hei›reks saga 1924, 5, 94; also used as a common noun in poetry,e. g. Reginsmál 20; see LP )Hrúga f. a troll-wife v424/5
Hrund f. an island off Sunnmøre in Norway (Runde, Rundøy?)v367/2 (Edda Magnúsar Ólafssonar 267); a valkyrie v436/5 (SnE
1848–87, II 490; Háttatal ); cf. v102/2 t. n.
Hrungnir m. a giant 14/28, 20/18 n., 20/20, 23, 25, 27, 31, 21/2, 3,
5, 6, 14, 18, 22, 24 and note, 21/31, 35, 38, 22/3, 6, 10, 16,
v65–71 n., 24/17, v167/1, v220/4 v. l., 67/22, 69/24, v417/5,
Glossary under bjarg, bla›, bólmr, bor›, byggja, dólgr, gramr,gætir, heimﬂingu›r, hólmr, hraundrengr, il, jƒrmunﬂrjótr, ma›r,
rƒnd, váttr, ﬂekkja, ﬂjófr; cf. Finnr, Rungnir, ﬁrú›r, and sjƒtRungnir in Glossary; at Hrungnis fundi to the encounter with
Hrungnir v66/8; in kenning for ﬁórr, Hrungnis haussprengir v51/3(Háttatal, Hymiskvi›a 16, Lokasenna, Hárbar›sljó›; cf. Sigrdrífumál 15)
Hryg›a f. a troll-wife v424/7
Hrynhenda f. a poem by Arnórr jarlaskáld about Magnús gó›i v116 n.,
v387 n. (Skj A I 332–8; called Magnús(s)drápa in TGT 19, 81,Kn‡tlinga saga 131, 132; Hrynjandi(n) in ÓH 614, Hrúnhenda,
Hr‡nhenda in Fms VI 23, 26, 67, 85)Hræsvelgr m. a giant v418/3 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál; name for aneagle in SnE 1848–87, II 488)Hrƒnn f. daughter of Ægir, personification of a wave 36/26, 95/8,
13, v478/3; a river v482/1, v484/1 (Gylf., Grímnismál ; cf. Glossary)
Hrøkkvir m. a giant v418/1
Huginn m. ‘thought’ (?—cf. hugr in Glossary), one of Ó›inn’sravens 91/3; as common noun in kennings for carrion, Hugins
ferma v335/3, Hugins jól v400 n. (Gylf., Grímnismál, Helgakvi›aHundingsbana I, Reginsmál, Fáfnismál, Gu›rúnarkvi›a II, TGT
92, SnE 1848–87, II 488)
Hugróin f. a ship, see Glossary under hugró
Humra f. the river Humber v482/4 (sometimes Humbra; Breta sögur
in Hauksbók, Orkneyinga saga, Hkr III, Fagrskinna, Egils saga
Skalla-Grímssonar)
Hundallr m. a giant v431/11

Index of Names

481

Hundingr m. a sea-king v414/3 (PE, Vƒlsunga saga, Norna-Gestsﬂáttr, Flb I 22, Íslendingadrápa 3 in Skj A I 556)
Húnn m. a sea-king v416/3 (cf. Skjƒldunga saga 68). Cf. Húnar‘Huns’ v376/3 t. n. (cf. Húnar/Húnir in PE, Húnaland in Bretasögur (in Hauksbók) and Hei›reks saga, Húnland in Heimsl‡singin Hauksbók 155)
Húsdrápa f. a poem by Úlfr Uggason composed c. 985 (see note toverse 8) v14 n., v19 n., v24 n., v39 n., v54 n., v55–6 n., 18/1,
v63 n., 19/16, 20/2–4 n., v64 n., v125 n., 42/2–6 n., v242 n.
(Laxdœla saga 80; Skj A I 136–8)
Hvalr m. a giant v418/6 (cf. Hymiskvi›a 36; Glossary under hvalr, váttr)Hvarfa›r m. a horse v328–30 n.
Hve›ra f. a giantess or troll-wife v424/7; in kenning for axe, H.
brynju, enemy, damager of mail-coat v254/2 (gen. with Vi›ris)(cf. hve›na in Ragnars saga, Fas I 283; Hve›na in Sƒrla ﬂáttr,Hvæ›na in Hyndluljó› 32)
Hve›rungr m. a giant v417/7 (in Vƒluspá (and Gylf.) apparently aname for Loki; see also Ynglingtal 32 (Hkr I 79); a name for Ó›inn
in SnE 1848–87, II 472)
Hvinir: see hvinverskr in Glossary
Hvítab‡r m. Whitby v403/4 (Ragnars saga, Hkr III 328)
Hvíta-Kristr m. White-Christ, Jesus Christ v267/3 (gen. with giptu)(Hkr II 354, 369, ÓH 536, 557; Sighvatr in Hkr III 17, ÓH 618).
Cf. Kristr
Hvítingr m. (1) a sword v457/5 (Kormaks saga, ÍF VIII 234; Saxo
Grammaticus 1979–80, I 222, II 118). (2) a sea-king v414/3. See
also hvítingr in Glossary (name for drinking horns); used of ahorse in Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa
Hvítserkr hvati m. a berserk 58/31 (Hrólfs saga kraka, Skjƒldunga
saga, Tóka ﬂáttr in Flb II 221; cf. hvatr in Glossary)
Hymir m. a giant v418/5, Glossary under byrsendir, karl, vágr;áttrunnr Hymis = ﬁjazi v100/4 (Gylf., Hymiskvi›a, Lokasenna 34,
Haraldskvæ›i 2 (Fagrskinna 60))
Hyrrokkin f. a giantess or troll-wife killed by ﬁórr v58/6, v424/1 (cf.
Gylf. ch. 49)
Hyrvi m. a sea-king v416/6 (cf. Hƒrvir in Hyndluljó›; this is a namefor fire in SnE 1848–87, II 486)Hæmir (or Hœmir?) m. a sea-king v414/6 (cf. Hømi in Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, I 239)

482

SkáldskaparmálHæra f. a troll-wife (‘hoary female’) v425/1Hœfir m. an ox (‘striker, hitter’?) v331/3 (gen. with nƒfn), v504/3(cf. Íslendingadrápa 16 (Skj A I 558), Ynglingatal 18 (Hkr I 53),and see Glossary)Hœnir m. a god 1/9–11 n., 1/10, 17, 19/33, 45/4, Glossary under fetMeili, hrafn-Áss, varna; in kennings for Loki, Hœnis vinr v94/7,
v98/7, hugreynandi Hœnis v103/3 (subj. of sveik apt) (Gylf., Vƒluspá,
Reginsmál prose, Hkr I 12–13, Skjƒldunga saga 55, Vƒlsunga saga)Hƒ›r m. (1) a god 1/9–11 n., 17/30, 19/27, 29, v103/4 t. n., v432/9;
cf. 108/37 t. n.; in kenning for warrior, heinlands (sword’s) H.
(Knútr inn ríki) v311/4 (subj. of grandar) (Gylf., Vƒluspá, Baldrs
draumar ; in Vƒluspá he is apparently killed by Váli; cf. 19/27–8.
Note also Flb I 25)Hƒ›r m. (2) a horse v328/3. Cf. 108/37 t. n.
Hƒfu›lausn f. a poem by Egill Skalla-Grímsson about Eiríkr bló›øx
v31 n., v350 n. (Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar ; the name in
Arinbjarnarkvi›a, p. 261, cf. p. 185 n.; Skj A I 35–9)Hƒgni m. (1) a sea-king v414/2 (same as (2) or (3)?); in kenning forbattle (rain of weapons), Hƒgna skúrir v223/3 and note (rather
than Hƒgna serkir = coats of mail?); Hƒgna vá›ir = coat of mailv288/3 (cf. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I–II, Vƒlsunga saga, Flb I
23; the name is also found for characters in Flb I 25, Hálfs saga,Sƒrla saga sterka, Af Upplendinga konungum in Hauksbók 457)
Hƒgni m. (2) father of Hildr 72/2, 4, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, v252/3,
v266/2 (gen. with li›), Glossary under draugr, hilmir, jƒfurr, ra›álfr, stillir, vanr (2), ørlygi (Háttatal, Sƒrla ﬂáttr ); Hƒgna mær =Hildr (see ch. 50; used as the equivalent of hildr f. ‘battle’ (ofljóst)
or of the valkyrie Hildr) in kenning for shield, her hjól v238/4
Hƒgni m. (3) son of Gjúki 47/27, 29, 48/24, 30, 34, 37, 38, 49/4, 13,
19, v330/5 (PE, Vƒlsunga saga, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr, Flb I 27)
Hƒlgabrú›r f. ‘bride of Hƒlgi’ 60/11 (see Jómsvíkinga saga 1962,
51–2; Jómsvíkingadrápa 32, Skj A II 7); a troll-wife v424/8. See
ﬁorger›rHƒlgi m. legendary king 60/10, 12 (Haraldskvæ›i 14, Hkr I 119); in
kenning for gold, Hƒlga haugﬂak 40/30, v187/3
Hƒlkvir m. Hƒgni Gjúkason’s horse v330/5 (Vƒlsunga saga; cf.
Atlakvi›a 30, SnE 1848–87, II 487). Cf. gólfhƒlkvir in GlossaryHƒllfara f. a river v480/4Hƒr›ar m. pl. inhabitants of Hordaland in Norway (Hkr, Fagrskinna);

Index of Names483

land Hƒr›a = Norway; in kennings for the king of Norway, Hƒr›alandvƒr›r (Haraldr gráfeldr) v249/2, konungr Hƒr›a (unidentified)v281/2 (gen. with frama), (Haraldr har›rá›i) v333/4; in kenningfor giants, H. bar›a v83/3 (acc. with vi›; see note to verse 83/1–4)
Hƒrn f. a name for Freyja (cf. Hjƒrn); her daughter (hró›rbarn) is
Hnoss (or Gersimi), i. e. hnoss (or gørsimi) f. ‘treasure’ (a decorated weapon) v147/1, v435/4 t. n. (Gylf.; cf. Hora, SnE 1848–87,
II 489); a troll-wife v424/5
Iceland v128–32 n., v407 n., 106/7 n.; Glossary under snægrundI›i m. a giant 3/5, v167/5, v417/4; in kenning for gold, I›ja glysmál
v189/8, for ﬁórr, gar›venju›r I›ja v74/8 (I›ja setrs gen. of direction, to giantland, according to NN 444; this necessitates readinggjar›vani›r (cf. venja) as a term for ﬁórr)I›unn, I›u›r (acc. and dat. I›unni) f. an Ásynja, wife of Bragi 1/11,
35, 2/1, 2–4 n., 2/4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 19/20, 20/2–4 n., 20/4, 30/19,
40/37, v65–71 n., v433/7, Glossary under bekkr (1), dís, ellilyf,go›, hapt, hundr, lei›iﬂírr, leika (1), munstœrandi, mær, snót,
ƒl-Gefn; split by tmesis, I›-u›r v101/3–4 (Gylf., Lokasenna; cf.
SnE 1848–87, II 489)
Illugi m. (Bryndœlaskáld, ‘poet of the people of Brynjudalr (southern Iceland)’), Icelandic poet, 11th century 88/1, 108/23–33 n.
Ilmr f. an Ásynja v433/8 (cf. SnE 1848–87, II 490; see LP )Íma f. a troll-wife v425/4 (also a name for a she-wolf, see Glossary
and cf. Gr‡la; and a word for battle, see Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana
I 53 and LP )Im› f. a troll-wife v425/3. Cf. Im›(r) in Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana
I 43, Hyndluljó› 37Ímger›r f. a troll-wife v426/3
Ímr m. a giant v430/4 (Vafﬂrú›nismál 5). Also a wolf-name, see
Glossary
Ingadrápa f. a poem by Einarr Skúlason about King Ingi Haraldsson
v399 n. (Skj A I 476; the name is not in medieval manuscripts,
where some verses are given as lausavísur, cf. Fagrskinna 337–8,
Morkinskinna 458–9)
Ingi m. king of Norway (d. 1161), son of Haraldr gilli; his (half-)brother was Sigur›r munnr (d. 1155) v107/1 (gen. with brœ›r),v399 n., Glossary under bró›ir, hildingr (Hkr III, Fagrskinna)
Ingi-Freyr m. a name for Freyr; allar áttir Ingi-Freys = all the gods

484

Skáldskaparmál

v101/6 (Skjƒldunga saga 39 n., Sturlaugs saga, Fas III 144–5; cf.
Yngvi-Freyr, Ingunar-Freyr; note Inga for Yngva, Skj A I 468,
v. 49, ÍF II 97; see Ingi in de Vries 1977 and ÁBM)Ingunar-Freyr v5 n. (apparently a name for Freyr in Lokasenna 43
and ÓH 3–4; cf. Yngun(n)i, Yngvin, Hkr I 34, and Ingi-Freyr;
Dronke 1969–97, II 366)Ísólfr m. see Glossary (cf. Hyndluljó› 21)Ítreksjó› n. a son of Ó›inn v429/8 (see ítr in ÁBM; Ítrekr is probably a name for Ó›inn, cf. Hei›reks saga 37 and jó› in Glossary)Ívaldi m. a dwarf; his sons perhaps means dwarfs in general rather
than any particular ones v62/1, 41/34 (Gylf., Grímnismál)Ívarr Ingimundarson m. Icelandic poet, 12th century v407 n. (Hkr
III, Morkinskinna 354–6)
Ívi›ja f. a troll-wife v425/5 (cf. Vƒluspá 2, Hyndluljó› 48)
Jalangrshei›r f. a heath near Jelling in Jutland 52/4 (Skjƒldunga
saga, Kn‡tlinga saga)
Jarizleifr m. Yaroslav, son of Vladimir, king in Kiev (d. 1054)v294/1 (Hkr II–III, Fagrskinna, Vƒlsunga saga; cf. Gu›rúnarkvi›a II)
Járnglumra f. a troll-wife v426/2
Járnsaxa f. a giantess or troll-wife v425/3; in kenning for wolf,
Járnsƒxu faxi v339/4; mother of ﬁórr’s son Magni 22/9, 30/18,
Glossary under g‡gjarsonr (Hyndluljó› 37)
Járnsaxi m. a giant; Járnsaxa ve›r = thought, courage, though usually the kenning should contain the name of a troll-wife (U has
Járnsƒxu) v293/2 (obj. or subj. of vex); see under har›ræ›i in
Glossary
Járnvi›ja f. a troll-wife v426/4 (cf. Gylf. 14; Vƒluspá 40; used ofSka›i in Háleygjatal 3, Hkr I 21)
Jól n. Yule v466/5 t. n. (cf. Glossary)Jólfr m. a name for Ó›inn in disguise in ¯rvar-Odds saga (Fas II
298–300, 327), where he gave the hero some magic arrows; Jólfs
smí›i = arrow v466/5 (cf. t. n.), v466/7–8 n. (Fas II 330; cf. Gusir)
Jólnir m. a name of Ó›inn (cf. jólnar in Glossary) v84/5–8 n.
(Ágrip, Flb II 49, SnE 1848–87, II 473); in kenning for warriors(ﬁórr and ﬁjálfi), Jólnis funhristis ættir, kinsmen of the shaker ofÓ›inn’s flame (i. e. of the sword-wielder; warrior-kin = warriors;
the reference is not, as one might expect, to Jólnir’s kin; cf. underkonr and ætt in Glossary) v84/7

Index of Names

485

Jóm n. Jómsborg on the south Baltic coast v370 n., v387/4 (Jómsvíkingasaga, Hkr, Kn‡tlinga saga, Fagrskinna)
Jónakr m. legendary king, father of Ham›ir and Sƒrli 49/16, 22,v157/8 (gen. with sonum) (PE, Vƒlsunga saga; Ynglingatal 26,
Hkr I 64; cf. Gering and Sijmons 1927–31, II 273)
Jór m. a horse v326/6 (SnE 1848–87, II 487; cf. Glossary)Jórdán (or Jordan) f. (river) Jordan 76/24, 77/26, v274/2, v484/8(Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 154, Hkr III, Fagrskinna, ¯rvar-Odds saga)
Jórekr m. a sea-king v415/6 (cf. Glossary)Jórir m. a stag v512/1 n. and t. n. (cf. Glossary)Jórsalaland (Jor-) n. Palestine 78/20 (Hkr I 9, Hkr III, Fagrskinna,
Hauksbók 182, 193, 244–8)
Jórsalir (or Jorsalir) m. pl. Jerusalem v128–32 n., 76/24, v268 n.,
78/20, v379 n. (Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 154, Hkr II–III, Fagrskinna,¯rvar-Odds saga)
Jórunn f. (skáldmær, ‘poet-maiden’), Norwegian poetess, 10th century 103/32 (Hkr I, ÓH, Flb I 46)
Jutland: see Glossary under heinvandill and Gautland, Gotland,Hlƒ›yn, Jalangrshei›r, Rei›gotaland, Vendill, ﬁjó›, ﬁjól in Index(Jótland in ÍF XXXV, Fagrskinna, Hkr)
Jƒfurr m. son of Hálfdan gamli 101/21 (Flb I 25; cf. jƒfurr in Glossary)Jƒr› f. an Ásynja, mother of ﬁórr 14/25, v43/2, v65/6, v78 n.,
v82/5–6 n., v87/1–4 n., v87/2, 30/10, v108/2, v433/7; Glossary
under ei›sfjƒr›r, eirfjar›r, grund, sunr, sveinn. Equivalent tojƒr› at 35/19, meaning ‘earth’ or ‘the ground’; cf. v315/1, v117,
Glossary under ekkja, her›im‡ll, lík (2), mó›ir, vina, and see
under jƒr›. Often used as a personification of (or ofljóst for) earth= the land (usually of Norway, cf. Háttatal 3) v10 n., 85/23 (cf.
v309/4), v118/3–4 (see eiga in Glossary); Glossary under bi›kván,
brú›r, dróttinn (here for the world), eingadóttir, elja (here for
Africa), munlauss, óskvíf, systir, teygja, víf; see under Au›r,Óski. Cf. Fjƒrgyn, Grund, Hlƒ›yn, Sif, and v501; apparently abandonedby Ó›inn for Frigg, see Svƒlnir and Glossary under bi›kván,
munlauss (Jƒr› is both daughter and wife of Ó›inn in Gylf.
13/19–20, cf. 8/22 above and Ónarr below; Lokasenna, ﬁrymskvi›a)Jƒrmungandr m. the Midgard serpent v42/4 (subj. of rak›isk), 20/1,
90/10 (Gylf., Vƒluspá 50; cf. Mi›gar›sormr and Vánargandr)Jƒrmuni m. an ox v504/7 (see Glossary; a horse, SnE 1848–87, II 487)Jƒrmunrek(k)r (1) konungr hinn ríki m. Ermanaric the great, Gothic

486

Skáldskaparmál

king (d. c. AD 376) 49/20, 23, 25, 26, 29, 31 and note, 37, 50/2, 9,
14, v154/2 (subj. of knátti), Glossary under álfr, allr, fylkir,
munr (2), sigla (2), støkkvir, ƒlskakki (PE, Vƒlsunga saga)Jƒrmunrekr (2) m. an ox v503/4 (‘mighty driver’? or ‘mighty warrior’ if the second element is -rekkr)
Jƒsmundr (or Jós-?) m. a sea-king v415/7Jƒtunheimar m. pl. giantland, the world of giants 2/11, 12, 20/20,
23, 33, 21/15, 22/26, Glossary under gar›r, gar›venju›r, setr,
sunnan; reimu›r Jƒtunheima = ﬁjazi v98/6 (Gylf., Hkr I 15, Flb
I 23, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 247 (Sonatorrek 2), Vƒluspá(sg. in v. 48), ﬁrymskvi›a, Skírnismál and several fornaldarsögur ;in Finnmƒrk according to Hei›reks saga 66)
Jƒtunn m. a giant v431/5 (see Glossary)
Kaldhamarsnautr m. a sword v461/7 (Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappaverse 30). The name may mean ‘gift of Kaldhamarr’, or may refer tothe technique used to make the weapon (‘product of cold hammering’?), see ÍF III 178 n. and lxxviii–lxxix
Kálfsvísa f. an alternative name for Alsvinnsmál (1) v328–30 n.
Kallgrani m. a giant v431/4 (cf. Kaldrani in Ketils saga hœngs)Kári m. (1) personification of wind 39/13–15 n.
Kári m. (2) Sƒlmundarson, 11th century Icelander (Njáls saga): Glossary under fjƒrso›nir
Keila f. a giantess or troll-wife killed by ﬁórr v58/1 (cf. Glossary; ahen in SnE 1848–87, II 488)
Kelda f. name for a wave? v478/3 (cf. t. n.) (perhaps part of acompound Ránkelda, cf. Rán and see kelda in Glossary)
Kerlaugar f. pl. two mythical rivers v484/4 (Gylf., Grímnismál)
Kerti dat. of Kƒrtr
Kilmundr m. a sea-king v415/5
Kinni m. ? a wolf, cf. v514/10 t. n. (see Skƒll and skólkinni in
Glossary)
Kjalarr m. a name of Ó›inn v59/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál, SnE 1848–87,
II 472)
Kjallandi f. a giantess or troll-wife killed by ﬁórr v58/2, v427/4
Kjárr (or Kíarr) m. legendary king 103/13 (cf. Vƒlundarkvi›a, Atlakvi›a 7, Flb I 26, Hei›reks saga; derived from Latin Caesar ; cf.
Mundt 1994; ÁBM under Kíarr )Klœngr Brúsason or Brúnason (Bjarnason) m. v375 n.

Index of Names

487

Knúi m. legendary person v172/6 (cf. ¯rvar-Odds saga; also a shipname, see Glossary)
Knútr (son of Sveinn (2)) m. (1) inn ríki, Cnut or Canute the Great,king of Denmark and England (d. 1035) v115 n., v115/1, v200 n.,v217 n., v381 n., Glossary under bƒrr, heinland, hristir, mƒgr,or›brjótr, ræsir, stafr (Hkr II, Kn‡tlinga saga). Cf. verses 258,
311; see under Hƒ›r (1), Sveinn (2)Knútr Sveinsson m. (2) the saint (d. 1086), brother of Sveinn (4) and(7) v270 n., v381 n., v398 n., Glossary under bró›ir, harri,
hneykir, jƒfurr, sonr
Knútsdrápa f. (1) a poem by Hallvar›r about Knútr (1) v115 n., 239
n., v258 n., v311 n. (Kn‡tlinga saga 103; Skj A I 317–18)
Knútsdrápa f. (2) a poem by Óttarr svarti about Knútr (1) v217 n.
(Kn‡tlinga saga 101, Fagrskinna 167; Skj A I 296–8)
Kólga f. daughter of Ægir, personification of a wave 36/26, 95/9,
v357 n., 95/12, v478/3 t. n. (Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 28, Hkr
III 9, Orkneyinga saga 100; cf. Glossary)
Kolli m. (inn prú›i) Icelandic poet, 12th century 34/3 (Hkr III;
Skáldatal, SnE 1848–87, III 277). He was author of an Ingadrápa(Skj A I 503–4), c. 1140, parts of which are preserved in Hkr andMorkinskinna, but the attribution here is taken to be an error forBƒ›varr balti, see note to verse 107
Kolmúla f. a (she-)goat v509/3 (‘coal-muzzle’: perhaps a proper name,see note and Glossary)
Kormakr m. ¯gmundarson, Icelandic poet, 10th century 8/30, v12 n.,
10/24, 65/5, 70/14, 82/1, 84/3, 85/8, 95/23 v. l., v360 n.; Glossary
under breytir (Kormaks saga, Hkr I)
Kráka f. a troll-wife v427/3 (cf. Ragnars saga; = crow in Hávamál
85, Rígsﬂula 47, SnE 1848–87, II 489)
Kraki m. i. e. Hrólfr kraki (q. v.) 59/32; in kenning for gold, Kraka
barr v186/6, v389/2 (Háttatal )Kristr m. Christ 51/34, 76/22 and note, v268 n., v269 n., v269/3,
v270 n., v270/4 (in apposition to stillir), v271–3 n., v274 n.,
78/11, 22, Glossary under drótt, gramr, heilagr, hersir, hvárr,
konungr, mildingr, munkr, setberg, sólkonungr, sonr, stillir,
sveinn, umgneypnandi, valdr, vƒr›r, ƒld, ƒrr. See Hvíta-Kristr
Kumrar m. pl. Cumbrians (i. e. inhabitants of Cumberland? or =Cymry, the Welsh; cf. Kumraland, kumrskar ﬂjó›ir, Hkr I 264–5),
in kenning for giants, K. hellis hringbálkar, Cumbrians of the488

Skáldskaparmál

cave’s circular wall v85/3 (gen. with hlymr, caused by, among;
cf. note)
Kvasir m. 3/16, 23, 4/2, 14/10; in kenning for the mead of poetry,
Kvasis dreyri 11/26, v27/2 (Gylf., Hkr I 12)
Kvernbítr m. a sword, see kvernbiti in Glossary
Kyrmir m. a giant v431/3
K‡rr m. an ox v331/4 (m. form of k‡r f. ‘cow’; cf. kyrr (1) in
Glossary)Kœfir m. an ox v504/3 t. n.
Kƒrmt f. Karmøy, an island off Rogaland, Norway v259/8 (obj. oflag›i); in kenning for sea, men Karmtar v320/4 (Hkr I–II, Hemings
ﬂáttr 43, SnE 1848–87, II 491, 492; Ketils saga hœngs); a riverv484/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál )Kƒrtr m. a horse v330/2
Kƒttr m. a giant v421/1 (cf. Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar, Helgakvi›aHundingsbana I 18; = cat in Gylf. 41/39, 43/19–20, but referringto the Midgard serpent)
Lapland = Finnmƒrk; see Glossary under lá›, skrí›a
Laufey f. an Ásynja (?), mother of Loki 19/35 (cf. Nál; Gylf., Lokasenna, ﬁrymskvi›a, Sƒrla ﬂáttr (Flb I 304), SnE 1848–87, II 489)
Laufi m. a sword v452/2 (Bƒ›var Bjarki’s sword, Landnámabók, ÍF I
212, 213; ÍF XIV 169; Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, I 55 (Løvi), II
45, see Falk 1914, 54; used as a common noun in Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar 227; cf. Snyrtir, Skƒfnungr)
Leggbiti m. sword-name, ‘leg-biter’ v452/5 (Magnús berfœttr’s sword
in Morkinskinna 335–6 (Leggbítr in Hkr III 235); as a common
noun in Halldórr ókristni’s verse in Hkr I 360; cf. Fótbítr inLaxdœla saga)Lei›i m. a giant or troll killed by ﬁórr v58/3
Leifi m. a sea-king v414/8; in kenning for sea, Leifa lƒnd v155/7; agiant v421/8 (cf. Leifr in Vƒlsunga saga)
Leifnir m. a sea-king v415/2; Leifnis grand, a sword v452/6; a ship v492/8
Leikn f. a giantess or troll-wife killed by ﬁórr v57/1, v426/7
Leiptr f. a river v484/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál, Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana II; cf. leiptr (1) in Glossary)
Leira f. the Loire v483/4 (Hkr II 26 (Sighvatr, Víkingarvísur 14);
Fagrskinna 170)
Leirvƒr f. a troll-wife v427/1 (Skj A II 410, v. 11)

Index of Names489

Léttfeti m. one of the Æsir’s horses (Gylf. ch. 15, Grímnismál 30;
SnE 1848–87, II 487) v325/3
Limfjorden in Denmark v6 n. (Limafjƒr›r, Hkr I, II; Fagrskinna)
Listi m. a district in southern Norway, Lister v259/7 (Háttatal, Hkr
II, III, Fagrskinna); L. gnípu ‘L. (i. e. territory) of the peak’ =mountains, in kenning for giants, Lista gnípu hreinar reindeer ofpeak-Lister, i. e. of the mountains v85/5 (cf. note); Lista látrvalRygjar = val-látr-Lista Rygjar, Rogalanders of falcon-lair-Lister,i. e. of the mountains v91/5 (see látrval-Rygjar in Glossary)
Litr m. a giant, in kenning for ﬁórr: Litar flotna fangbo›i v153/1; anox v504/5 (cf. Glossary; name of dwarfs in Gylf. ch. 49, Vƒluspá,
Áns saga bogsveigis, ﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar ; SnE 1848–87,
II 470)
Ljóta f. a troll-wife v427/1 (cf. ljótr in Glossary)
Lodda f. the Lud (river) v480/6 (name of an island or river in
Kormaks saga 222; island in SnE 1848–87, II 492)
Lo›infingra f. a troll-wife v427/2
Lof›ar m. pl. followers of Lof›i 103/7, 104/20; cf. 105/21 (Flb I 26;
cf. Glossary)Lof›i m. son of Hálfdan gamli 103/6, 104/20, Glossary under
herkonungr, lof›ar (Flb I 25–6; cf. Hkr I 74 (Ynglingal 29))
Lof›ungar m. pl. descendants of Lof›i 103/8 (Flb I 26; cf. lof›ungr
in Glossary)
Lofn f. an Ásynja v433/6; in kenning for woman (unidentified, but
the same as the ﬁrú›r in v360/2), drafnar loga L. v360/3 (Gylf.)
Logi m. personification of fire 39/13–15 n. (Gylf.; cf. Hkr I 37–8; cf.
Glossary)
Loki Laufeyjarson m. one of the Æsir (though son of a giant) 1/10,
16, 29, 31, 32 n., 34, 36, 2/1, 9, 14, 16, 32, 33 n., 34, v8 n., 19/10,
15, 35, 20/2 n., v64 n., 24/21, 26, 30, 32, 34, 25/5, v75/2 n.,
v82/5–6 n., v100/1 n., v102/8 (vocative), 40/36, 41/2, 29, 31, 33,
35, 42/18, 20, 38, 43/1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 45/4, 6, 8, 21, 23, 26, 28,
31, 46/3, 48/4, v432/10, Glossary under arnsúgr, band, barn,bƒlkveitir, eygja, fa›ir, farmr, gammlei›, ge›reynir, gir›iﬂjófr,
gƒrr, heimsœkir, herfang, hir›it‡r, hrafn-Áss, hrœrir, hugreynandi,hundr, lei›iﬂírr, lundr, læ, lƒgseimr, mƒgr, rúni, sorgœrr, sƒgn(2), tryggr, úlfr, varna, vinr, ƒglir, ƒl-Gefn; in kenning for ﬁórr,bƒlkveitir Loka v76/6 (Gylf. (= Ulysses in Gylf. ch. 54), PE including Lokasenna, Hyndluljó›; Vƒlsunga saga, Sƒrla ﬂáttr)490

Skáldskaparmál

Lombardy: see Glossary under langbar›r
Loptr m. a name for Loki v73/3, v99/6; cf. lopt and gammlei› in
Glossary (Gylf., Hkr I 219 (Vellekla 12), Lokasenna, Hyndluljó›)
Lóra see Hlóra
Luma f. a river v483/3 (cf. SnE 1848–87, II 277 n.: there is a listof rivers including this one in a younger hand on p. 21 of U)
Lundr m. in Skåne, once part of Denmark; land Lundar is Denmark;the prince of Lund’s land may be Haraldr blátƒnn (cf. landfrækn
in Glossary) v140 n., v192/1 and note (Hkr II, III, Fagrskinna)
Lungr m. a horse v325/7 (‘swift’, cf. NN 2157A; SnE 1848–87, II
487, TGT 86 (?))
Lútr m. a giant or troll killed by órr (or perhaps Lút f. a giantess;many of the other names in the verse are f.) v58/3 (name of oneof the race of thralls in Rígsula 12)
Lyngvi m. a sea-king v415/4 (cf. Reginsmál prose, Vƒlsunga saga,
Norna-Gests áttr)Magni m. son of órr and Járnsaxa 6/26, 14/26, v44/2, 22/9, ­Glossary
under g‡gjarsonr (Gylf., Hárbar›sljó›, Vafrú›nismál, TGT 100;
cf. Flb I 28)
Magnús m. (1) berfœttr, king of Norway (d. 1103), son of Óláfr
kyrri v407 n. (Hkr III, Fagrskinna); see under Leggbiti
Magnús m. (2) Erlingsson, king of Norway (1161–84) v323 n.,
Glossary under gramr (Hkr III, Fagrskinna)
Magnús m. (3) Haraldsson gilla, king in Norway (d. soon after 1142)
v312 n. (Hkr III 321–2)
Magnús m. (4) gó›i, son of St Óláfr (king of Norway 1035–46)
v105 n., v293–5 n., v370 n., v370/4 (probably), v387 n., Glossary
under arngrennir, gramr, haukstallr, jafnmildr, jƒfurr, mildingr,
reggbúss, r‡rir, ræsir, sinnjór, engill, jó›konungr, orn,r‡stir (Hkr III, Fagrskinna, Morkinskinna). Cf. verses 295, 386
and note, 411
Magnús m. (5) Haraldsson Sigur›arsonar (d. 1069): Glossary undersonr (Hkr III, Fagrskinna)
Magnús(s)drápa f. a memorial poem (erfidrápa) by Arnórr jarlaskáld
about King Magnús (4) v105 n., v213 n., v218 n. (Hkr III 3, ÓH614; Skj A I 338–43). Cf. also Hrynhenda
Mánagarmr m. a wolf v335–6 n. (Gylf.; cf. Hkr I 181, v. 71)
Máni m. (1) personification of the moon 39/2 (cf. Glossary; Gylf.,

Index of Names

491

Vafﬂrú›nismál 23, Reginsmál 23; cf. LP and Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar 251 (Sonatorrek 13))
Máni m. (2) Icelandic poet (fl. 1180–1220) 75/27, v263 n. (Sverrissaga 1920, 90–91)
Manna-ﬁengill m. i. e. manna ﬂengill ? used of Njƒr›r in Grímnismál
16; cf. Flb I 25 and ﬂengill in Glossary; = ﬁengill 101/20
Mardƒll f. a name of Freyja v435/6; in kennings for gold, Mardallar
grátr v145/1, tár Mardallar v189/6 (Gylf., Háttatal )Marger›r f. a troll-wife v426/5 (Hjálmﬂés saga)
Máría f. Mary (mother of Christ) 77/16, v272/2
Markús m. (Skeggjason), Icelandic poet, lawspeaker 1084–1107(d. 1107) 34/23, 75/5, 77/6, v270 n., 97/10, 100/23 (here an error
for Arnórr), v387 n., 101/30, 102/26, v398 n., 105/5 (Íslendingabók,
Landnámabók)
Marr m. a horse (cf. marr (1) in Glossary) v325/7 (SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Mediterranean v378 n., Glossary under galei›
Meili m. brother of ﬁórr and son of Ó›inn v65/7, v108/3, v429/2; inkenning for Hœnir, fet-M. v95/2 (acc. with ba› ) (Hárbar›sljó› );cf. fet-Meili in Glossary
Mein f. a river v480/8 (cf. Glossary)
Meinﬂjófr m. legendary person (‘harmful thief’) v329/3 (in kenningfor fire: Hkr I 31 (Ynglingatal 4))
Meiti m. a sea-king v345/1 v. l., v413/8; in kenning for sea, Meitaútver v265/1 (TGT 99, Fagrskinna 115; Meiti(r) Flb I 23)
Menja f. a giantess 52/6, 18, v159/4, v162/5, Glossary under brú›r,
fljó›, fóstr, framvíss, mær (cf. Sigur›arkvi›a in skamma 52)
Merkri›a f. a river v480/7
Mi›gar›r m. (‘middle enclosure’) the rampart surrounding the worldof men and protecting it from giants 14/28 (see Glossary and Gylf.
Index; Vƒluspá 4, 56, Grímnismál 41, Hárbar›sljó› 23, Hyndluljó›
11, 16; Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 159; a name for the moon, SnE
1848–87, II 485)
Mi›gar›sormr m. the Midgard serpent 6/2, 14, 17, v8 n., v24 n.,
14/29, v42 n., v43 n., v45–7 n., v48 n., v49 n., v51 n., v55–6 n.,
20/1, v153 n., v210 n., v366 n., Glossary under baugr, braut,drekka (2), endisei›r, fiskr, grund, hólmfjƒturr, hringr, hrøkkviáll,jƒr›, lƒgseimr, megindráttr, na›r, reistr, sei›r (1), stir›ﬂinull,umgjƒr›, vágr, ﬂaf›r, œgir (Gylf., Hymiskvi›a (heading), Skjƒldunga
saga 55; SnE 1848–87, II 487); see Jƒrmungandr

492

Skáldskaparmál

Mi›i m. a giant v431/13
Mi›jungr m. a giant v422/4; Mi›jungs málunautr = ﬁjazi v99/8. Cf.
40/15 and note and mi›jungr, sómmi›jungr in Glossary; ÍF XIII
412; SnE 1924, 105/35
Míkáll m. archangel v116/1 (Njáls saga, Kristni saga)
Mikligar›r m. Constantinople 78/19 (Hkr III, Fagrskinna, Heimsl‡singin Hauksbók 155)
Mímir m. a giant v417/3; cf. 107/22 t. n. (Vƒluspá; see Gylf., which
also has Hoddmímir (from Vaf›rú›nismál ); Ynglinga saga in Hkr I).
See Mímr and Hregg-Mímir, Hrekkmímir, Sekmímir (Sƒkkmímir
in Grímnismál 50), Vet-Mímir; hold-Mímir, a sword-name (seeGlossary) v455/4
Mímr m. alternative form of Mímir; his friend is Ó›inn v15/5, 9/28,
v37/1 (Vƒluspá, Sigrdrífumál 14, Háttatal )Mímungr m. a sword (made by Mímir?) v456/1 (Vi›ga’s sword inﬁi›reks saga; cf. also Karlamagnús saga 149, and Virga’s sword
Mimmungr in Mágus saga; as a common noun in Hjálmﬂés saga,
Fas IV 200; cf. Mimming in the Old English Waldere, ASPR VI 4;
see Falk 1914, 56)
Mist f. a valkyrie v436/4, 5 (v. l. Eir C; cf. Gylf. Index) (Gylf.,
Háttatal, Grímnismál ; SnE 1848–87, II 490; cf. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 47)
Mistilteinn m. a name for a sword v453/4 (Hei›reks saga 1924, 5
and 94, Hrómundar saga; cf. Glossary and Gylf. ch. 49)
Mjƒllnir m. ﬁórr’s hammer 14/27, 22/3, v68/5–8 n., 24/20; see Glossary
under fjƒllami, gljúfrskeljungr, grand, hamarr (1), rúni, trjóna,trƒll (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál, Hymiskvi›a, Lokasenna, ﬁrymskvi›a)
Mó›a f. a river v481/3 (Hkr III 359 (Einarr Skúlason); see also LP )Mó›i m. son of ﬁórr 6/26, 14/26; in kenning for poet, ó›s skap-Mó›iv300b/6 (see skap-Mó›i in Glossary) (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál,
Hymiskvi›a, Háttatal ; cf. Flb I 28)
Mó›nir (or Mó›inn?) m. a horse v328/2 (SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Mó›rói m. a ship v493/2
Móinn m. a serpent 90/11 (Gylf., Grímnismál, SnE 1848–87, II 487);
gest-Móinn, a sword v459/7; Móinn is also the name of a horse,
SnE 1848–87, II 487. See fík-Móinn, gest-Móinn in Glossary
Móir m. a sea-king v414/5
Mór m. a horse v325/7, v329/3 (SnE 1848–87, II 487; cf. Hkr I 270,
Skj B I 166)

Index of Names

493

Morginn m. legendary person v329/4 (cf. Glossary)Morn f. a river (Marne?—cf. Mƒrn; Sæmorn, Helgakvi›a Hjƒrvar›ssonar 5) v481/4
Mun f. a river v480/7
Mundilfœri m. father of sun and moon 39/1 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál,
Flb I 24)
Muninn m. one of Ó›inn’s ravens (‘memory’) 91/3, v335–6 n.; as acommon noun (collective) v336/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál, TGT 92,
SnE 1848–87, II 488)
Munnharpa f. a troll-wife v426/7
Munnri›a f. a troll-wife v426/8
Mynt f. a river v482/8 (‘mouthed’)
Myrkheimar m. pl. 42/29 (see Glossary and cf. Atlakvi›a 42)
M‡singr m. a sea-king 52/16, 17, 19, v414/2, sækonungr in
Glossary (Skjƒldunga saga 6, TGT 99)Mævi m. a sea-king v414/6
Mævill m. a sea-king v414/4 (Flb I 23, ﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar,
Víga-Glúms saga 95)Mœrir m. pl. inhabitants of Mœrr (Háttatal , Hkr I, II 26 (Sighvatr),
III 57 (ﬁjó›ólfr), Fagrskinna); see berg-Mœrir and mauraskáld
in GlossaryMœrr f. Møre in Norway (or the common noun mœrr ‘flat marshy
land’); m. fjar›eplis, land of rock, i. e. mountains, in kenning for
giants, menn legs fjar›eplis Mœrar, men of the lair of rock-Mœrr
v87/3 (subj. of ne m‡g›u, cf. note); for sea, máva m. v366/4 (gen.
with mjótygil ) (Hkr, Fagrskinna; cf. Mœrir)Mƒkkurkálfi m. a giant made of clay (mƒkkr m. ‘dust’) 21/29, 22/5
Mƒn f. the Isle of Man v297/2; in kenning for sea, Manar ﬂjálmi
v351/4 (Háttatal, Hkr I 265 (Hallfrø›r), Fagrskinna, SnE 1848–87,
II 492, Hauksbók 502)Mƒr›r m. a ram v507/9 (see Glossary)Mƒrn f. a giantess or troll-wife v79/5–8 n., v425/5 (cf. Skj A II 142,
v. 22; 400, v. 16; 410, v. 14; mƒrnir in Hkr I 270 (cf. mƒrnir in
Glossary); pl. in Vƒlsa ﬂáttr 1980, 56/3, see note there on pp. 96–7);
in kenning for giant (ﬁjazi), fa›ir Mƒrnar v97/4 (MS mƒrna could
be gen. pl. if the name is being used as a common noun), v103/8;
bƒrn Mƒrnar = giants v79/6 (gen. with ﬂverrir); a river (Marne? ora river in Norway, see ÁBM, Mörn (2)) v481/3 (Hallfre›ar saga
150, Eyrbyggja saga 108, Bjarnar saga 172; cf. Morn)

494

Skáldskaparmál

Nabbi m. a dwarf 42/2–6 n.
Naglfari m. a mythical ship (Gylf.; also Naglfar in Gylf. and Vƒluspá )v491/7. Cf. Glossary
Nál f. = Laufey, Loki’s mother 19/36 (not found in poetry; Gylf.,Sƒrla ﬂáttr ; name of a troll-wife in Hjálmﬂés saga)
Nanna f. wife of Baldr 1/9–11 n., 1/11, 17/29, 30/11, v434/1; inkenning for giantess, stone-Nanna, varra hjalts n. v77/2 (gen.
with vegﬂverrir) (Gylf., SnE 1848–87, II 489; Vƒluspá 30 (ascommon noun in plural); cf. Nanna Nƒkkva dóttir in Hyndluljó›)
Nari m. a son of Loki 20/2 (Gylf., Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 188(Hƒfu›lausn 10, nipt Nara = Hel); cf. Lokasenna prose)
Nati m. a giant v422/5. Cf. Glossary
Nátt(-) see Nótt
Nau› f. a river v484/1 (‘necessity’)
Nefir m. son of Hálfdan gamli 103/2 (cf. Næfill below, Flb I 25–6;
Nefi is a dwarf in SnE 1848–87, II 469, 552)
Nepr (1) m. a son of Ó›inn v429/3 (cf. Nepr father of Nanna in Gylf.)
Nepr (2) f. the Dnieper v482/7 (Kristni saga, Heimsl‡sing inHauksbók 150)
Nesjar m. pl. ‘Nesses’, in Oslofjord, Norway v286 n. (Hkr II, ÓH,Fagrskinna)
Nesjavísur f. pl. a poem by Sighvatr about King Óláfr (1) v286 n. (HkrII, ÓH, Fagrskinna; Skj A I 228–32)
Ni› f. river in ﬁrándheimr (Nidelva) v375/4, v480/1 (Hkr, ÓH, Fagrskinna)Ni›aróss m. a town at the mouth of the Ni› (Trondheim) v375 n.
(Hkr, ÓH, Fagrskinna)Ní›hƒggr m. a serpent 90/10 (cf. Glossary; Gylf., Vƒluspá, Grímnismál, SnE 1848–87, II 487; a dwarf SnE 1848–87, II 552)
Ní›u›r (or Ni›u›r?) m. a legendary king (cf. Vƒlundarkvi›a; Ni›ungrin ﬁi›reks saga); in kenning for giant (ﬁjazi), grjót-Ní›u›r v100/8(gen. with gar›a). See grjót-Ní›u›r in Glossary
Niflungar m. pl. a name for the sons of Gjúki 47/34, 49/4, 5, 7; inkenning for gold, Niflunga róg v190/6; descendants of Nefir 49/19,
103/2, 12 (Háttatal, PE, Vƒlsunga saga (Niflungr), Flb I 22, 27)
Níl f. the Nile v483/1 (Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 150)
Nipt f. a norn v437/3 (?—if not a common noun, cf. SnE 1848–87,
490; see nipt and dís in Glossary and cf. Dís)
Nis f. see NizIndex of Names

495

Niz f. river in Halland, Sweden (Nissan; in Danish territory in the
Middle Ages) v396 n., v396/4 (Hkr III, Fagrskinna, Kn‡tlingasaga); Nis in v482/8 may be a spelling of the same river-name(Nes in T)
Njáll ﬁorgeirsson see Brennu-Njáll
Njƒr›r m. a god (one of the Vanir in Gylf. ch. 23) 1/9 (here amongthe Æsir), 2/30, v5 n., 18/3 and note, 18/14 (dat. Nir›i), father ofFreyr 18/15, v60/3 (subj. of hefr), v62/6 (gen. with bur), 40/35;
one of the Æsir v432/7; Glossary under barn, ge›-Njƒr›r, hreggNir›ir, hvalr; Njar›ar dóttir = Freyja 30/12, v148/1 (gen. with
ﬂví barni = Hnoss, a precious gift), 44/15; in kenning for Ó›inn
v39/4; pl., in kenning for men (warriors), Hildar veggs hreggNir›ir v231/4 (Gylf., PE, Háttatal, Flb I 27, Hkr I, Sƒrla ﬂáttr, ÍF
XIII 342)
Njƒrun f. an Ásynja v433/8 (used in kennings for woman, see LP ;cf. njƒrn, SnE 1848–87, 490, which appears as an error for Mƒrnin v425/5 t. n.); in kenning for night (i. e. Nótt?), draum-N. v380/6(see draum-Njƒrun in Glossary)
Noah: see Glossary under ƒrk
Nóatún n. pl. the ocean home of the god Njƒr›r (‘enclosure or fieldof ships’) 2/30 (Gylf., Grímnismál, ﬁrymskvi›a, Bósa saga; cf.
nór in Glossary)Nor›menn m. pl. people of the North, Scandinavians 52/1 (generally
of Norwegians (cf. Fritzner 1886–96 s. v. nor›ma›r ); Hkr, Skjƒldunga
saga, Kn‡tlinga saga, Fagrskinna, Yngvars saga, Flb I 30, GƒnguHrólfs saga, Gautreks saga)Nor›ri m. one of the dwarfs who hold up the sky 33/25, cf. v259/2
t. n. (Gylf., Vƒluspá, SnE 1848–87, II 469, Hallfre›ar saga 155)
Nor›rlƒnd n. pl. the North, Scandinavia and the Baltic countries
51/35, 58/12 (Skjƒldunga saga, Hkr, Fagrskinna)Nor›rsetudrápa f. a poem by Sveinn v125 n., 39/15 (Nor›rseta innorthwest Greenland, unidentified; Skj A I 418)
Nóregr m. Norway v6 n., 58/24, v196 n., v200 n., v217 n., 72/7,
v281 n., 80/14, v312 n., v323 n., v367 n., v382 n., v386 n., v386/2(gen. with sinnjór), 101/10–24 n., v399 n., v407 n., v408 n.;
Glossary under austr (2), barrhadda›r, bi›kván, brei›leitr, brú›r,eiga, eingadóttir, gestr, gróa, hersir, hólmr, hvinverskr, jƒr›, konungr,lá›, land, landvƒr›r, lendr, mauraskáld, munlauss, ríkismál,
sunnan, systir, teygja, trau›r, und (1), víf (Gylf. Prologue, Háttatal)

496

Skáldskaparmál

Nóri (or Nori) m. a sea-king v415/4 (cf. Skjƒldunga saga 64); thename of a dwarf in Vƒluspá; cf. Nórr, Nórafjƒr›r in Flb I 22–4,
Orkneyinga saga 3–6, Skjƒldunga saga 72; Saxo Grammaticus
1979–80, II 25
Nótt f. personification of night; gen. sg. Náttar 35/21 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál; Alvíssmál 29–30; cf. Njƒrun and see nótt in Glossary)
Nyt f. a river v484/1 (‘profitable’) (Gylf., Grímnismál)Næfill m. a sea-king v415/3 (Flb I 25–7; cf. Nefir)Nƒkkvi m. a king in Raumsdalr (Romsdal, Norway) v345/4 (gen.
with mœtir, or with ræsina›r ?, see note and Glossary under nƒkkvi)(Hkr I 103; cf. Hyndluljó› 20, Haraldskvæ›i (Hkr I 116, Fagrskinna68), TGT 99)
Nƒt f. a river v484/2 (‘wet’) (Gylf., Grímnismál ; cf. Glossary)
Oddr Snorrason m. Icelandic monk, 12th century v144 n.
Ó›inn m. a god 1/6, 9–11 n., 16, 2/36, 4/8, 15, 17, 5/1, 2, 6, 7, 19,
23, 24 n., 6/23, 32 n., v5 n., v6 n., v7/5 (me› Ó›ni fara: i. e. die),v10 n., 8/22, v17 n., v20 n., v20/1, v23 n., 11/29, v34 n., 14/12,
19/17, 19, 20–21 n., 22, 25, 26, 30, 34, 20/2 and note, 20/2–4 n.,
19, 22, 27, 21/4, 22/18, v75/2 n., v82/5–6 n., 30/10 and note,
30/13 v. l., v94/1–4 n., v99/8 n., v109 n., v110 n., 35/20, 40/34,
35, 41/35, 42/20, 26, 45/4, 21, 33, 36, 46/1, 2, 51/30, 66/16,
67/17, 25, 70/14, 73/31, v328–30 n., v342 n., v383 n., 105/29–32 n.,
105/30, 31, 32, v412–517 n., 113/17 t. n., v429/1, v436/2 (Ó›ins
meyjar = valkyries); Glossary under bági, bál, bei›ir, bi›kván,burr, bƒ›gœ›ir, dróttinn, eineygr, einherjar, fa›mbyggvir,
farmagnu›r, farmr, fet-Meili, fold, fors, funhristir, gálgi, ge›Njƒr›r, gjafrƒtu›r, gjalda, go›, gramr, gu›ja›arr, hapt, haptsœnir,heimbo›, heiti, her›im‡ll, hildr, hjaldrgegnir, hjálmfaldinn,hlíf, hlítstyggr, hrafn-Áss, hrafnfreistu›r, hræva-Gautr, jólnar,láta, mildingr, munlauss, munstrƒnd, mƒgr, nafn, ógnstƒ›, óskvíf,
rei›r, salpenningr, sigrunnr, skapsmi›r, snytrir, úlfr, vanr (1),varna, víg-Freyr, víngno›, ving-Rƒgnir, vinr, vísi, vitinn, ﬂekkiligr,
ﬂing, ﬂrunginsalr, ægir, ƒlberi; Ó›ins mjƒ› = (the mead of)poetry (see pp. 4–5) 11/27, v31/3; father of Baldr 17/28, v63/2,
father of ﬁórr 14/25, v70/5; in kenning for ﬁórr, angrﬂjófr Ó›ins
v87/7. See also Alfa›ir, Farmat‡r, Gautat‡r, Gauti, Gautr, Hangago›,
Hangat‡r, Hangi, Hárr, Hergautr, Hert‡r, Hli›skjálfr, Hroptat‡r,
Hroptr, Ítreksjó›, Jólnir, Óski, Rƒgnir, Sigt‡r, Svi›urr, Svƒlnir,Index of Names

497

Váfu›r, Vakr, Valgautr, Vi›rir, Vi›urr, Yggr, ﬁri›i (Gylf., PE, Ynglinga
saga (Hkr I), Flb I 27–8, 313, Skjƒldunga saga, Ágrip, Vƒlsungasaga, Hrólfs saga kraka and other fornaldarsögur)Ó›r m. Freyja’s husband 30/13, 43/28, v292 n., v435/1; Ó›s be›vina= Freyja v146/2 (Gylf., Vƒluspá, Hyndluljó›, Hkr I 25)Ó›re(y)rir m. a pot 3/21, 4/3, 37, 14/11: perhaps for Ó›rørir orÓ›(h)rœrir, cf. ó›r (1), hrœra, hrœrir in Glossary; in Skáldskaparmál
usually spelt Ó›rerir (only once with y, 3/21); in kennings for
poetry, lƒgr Ó›reris 11/28, Ó›reris (hafs) alda v34/3 (see note; in
Hávamál 107, Ó›rerir apparently refers to the contents of the pot,
which accords better with the etymology, though in Hávamál 140
it refers to the container)Ófnir m. a serpent 90/11 (Gylf., Grímnismál; SnE 1848–87, II 486;
Ragnars saga, Fas I 266; also a name of Ó›inn in Grímnismál,
SnE 1848–87, II 472, cf. 4/33)
Ófóti m. a giant v431/8 (cf. Ófóti (Ófótan) ór Ófótansfir›i, Ketils
saga hœngs, ÍF XIII 415; Ófóti is a fiord in SnE 1848–87, II 493,
cf. Ófóti, Ófótafjƒr›r (Ofotfjord, northern Norway) in Hákonarsaga 1887, 358, Flb III 596)
Ógla›nir m. a giant v431/5
Ógn f. a river v480/3 (here perhaps ¯gn; written ‘augn’ in C),
v481/7 (Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 21, Fáfnismál 42; cf. Glossary)Óláfr (1) m. (inn helgi Haraldsson, St Óláfr, d. 1030) king of Norway v196 n., v217 n., v233/2 (identified as Óláfr helgi in thefollowing lines, quoted in U, see note; ætt Óláfs means a descendantof King Ó., but he is not identified in the extant lines in R), v259 n.,
v274 n., v277 n., v285 n., v286 n., v294 n., v382/3 (?—or Óláfr
(2), see note), v408 n.; Glossary under allvaldr, brjóta, fylkir,
gramr (2), heilagr, hl‡ri, jƒfurr, skera, ﬂengill (Hkr II, ÓH, Fagrskinna)Óláfr (2) m. (Óleifr) Eiríksson, king of Sweden (d. c. 1022) v310 n.,
v310/3, v382 n., v382/3 (perhaps Óláfr (1)); Glossary under allvaldr,
fólk-Baldr, fylkir, gramr (2), jƒfurr, konungr, vísi, ﬂengill, ƒld(Hkr II, ÓH, Fagrskinna)Óláfr (3) m. kyrri, king of Norway, son of Haraldr har›rá›i (d. 1093)
v112 n., v293/1, v374 n., v407 n., Glossary under fa›ir, sonr (Hkr
III, Fagrskinna)Óláfr (4) m. (Óleifr) pái Hƒskuldsson (‘peacock’; Icelander, 10th
century) v14 n., v39/2 (dat., for or to Ó.), Glossary under árr,ﬂegn (Laxdœla saga; see note to verse 8)

498

SkáldskaparmálÓláfr (5) m. Tryggvason, king of Norway (995–1000) v144 n.,v201 n., v397 n., Glossary under dróttinn, skyli (Hkr I, Fagrskinna)Óláfsdrápa (1) sœnska f. a poem by Óttarr svarti about Óláfr (2)v310 n. (Skj A I 289–90)
Óláfsdrápa (2) (erfidrápa) f. a poem by Hallfrø›r about Óláfr (5)v397 n. (ÓTM II 265, Flb I 536, Hallfre›ar saga 194; Skj A I 159–66)
Óláfsdrápa f. (3) a poem by Steinn Herdísarson about Óláfr
(3) v112 n. (Hkr III 202; Skj A I 409–13)
Óleifr (1) m. v39/2 = Óláfr (4)Óleifr (2) m. v310/3 = Óláfr (2)Ónarr m. = Annarr, Ánarr, second husband of Nótt and father of Jƒr›(cf. Gylf. ch. 10 and Index) 35/20, v118/4, v291/4; see eingadóttir
in Glossary (Hkr I 161, Fagrskinna 231; the name of a dwarf inVƒluspá (in Gylf. and Hauksbók; Ánarr in Codex Regius), SnE
1848–87, II 470)
Orion (constellation) v93/1–4 n.
Orkneyjar f. pl. Orkney v1 n., v106 n., v114 n., 72/9, Glossary underey (1), jarlaskáld, vestan (Orkneyinga saga, Hkr, Fagrskinna)
Ormr m. (1) Barreyja(r)skáld, poet of Barra in the Hebrides (he wasperhaps from Orkney; 10th or 11th century; cf. v109 n.) 34/13, 36/
30 (see t. n. and cf. under Barrey; written clearly -eyja- in R at 34/
13; Barreyja U and B in both places)
Ormr m. (2) Steinﬂórsson, Icelandic poet, 12th century 12/10, v29 n.,
13/30, 39/21, 64/3, 13, v303 n., v360 n. Altered from Kormakr 95/23
Órun f. a river v480/5; in kenning for gold, eldr Órunar v189/7 (seech. 33)Óski m. a name of Ó›inn; in kenning for Jƒr›, q. v., i. e. jƒr›, theland (of Norway?), Óska víf v383/4 (cf. note and munlauss, víf,
víg-Freyr in Glossary) (Gylf., Grímnismál , SnE 1848–87, II 473)
Oslofjord, Norway: v286 n., Glossary under hólmr
Otr m. son of Hrei›marr 45/14; in kenning for gold, Otrs gjƒld
v189/5 (Reginsmál prose, Vƒlsunga saga; = otter; see otr and otrgjƒld
in Glossary, otrgjƒld in Háttatal)Óttarr svarti m. (‘the black’) Icelandic poet, 11th century 62/14,
v196 n., 66/5, 81/5, 85/28, 86/16, 92/7, 95/18, 96/19, 100/2, 101/25,
102/11, 104/28 (Hkr II, ÓH, Kn‡tlinga saga, Flb IV 6–7)
Peita f. Poitou spear (i. e. one from Poitou in France or of the Poitou
type; cf. Peitu hjálmar, Flb IV 38 and see Glossary) v464/8

Index of Names

499(Rekstefja 17 (Skj A I 547), Einarr ﬁveræingr (ÓH 809); cf. Hkr
II 25–6, Fagrskinna 170, ÓH 50 and 755)
Pirrus m. Pyrrhus, Greek hero (son of Achilles, also known as
Neoptolemus) 6/22, 23 (Pir(r)us, Pyrus in Trójumanna saga)
Priamus m. Priam, Trojan king 5/36; gen. 5/38 (Gylf. Prologue,
Flb I 28, Trójumanna saga)
Ragnarr m. lo›brók Sigur›arson, a Viking of the ninth century
v24 n., 50/29, v158/4 (subj. of gáfumk), v253/4, Glossary underbla›, lo›brók, mærr, mƒgr, ﬂengill (Flb I 27, 29, Skjƒldunga
saga, Ragnars saga lo›brókar, Háttatal, Íslendingabók, Landnámabók)
Ragnars drápa lo›brókar f. a poem by Bragi (2) Boddason v24 n.,
v42 n., v48 n., v51 n., v52 n., v54 n., v110 n., v150 n., v153 n.,
50/28, v237–8 n., 72/31 (TGT 128–9; Skj A I 1–4)
Rakni m. a sea-king v414/7; in kenning for sea, Rakna bifgrund v134/1(but with flugastraumi according to NN 960) (Flb I 27, TGT 99)
Rán f. an Ásynja v434/7, wife of Ægir 36/25, 27, 41/3 (complement), 6, 8, 10, 95/7; as heiti for sea 95/2, v478/3 (Ránkelda? cf.
kelda in Glossary); personification of the destructive power of thesea v127/3 (gen. with munni), cf. v126 and Glossary under vƒlva;in kenning for sea, Ránar vegr v356/4; in kenning for Hildr,
ofﬂerris æ›a ósk-Rán v250/2; see ósk-Rán in Glossary (rán as acommon noun means ‘plundering’, see ránfengr in Glossary andrán in Háttatal ). See also Kelda and Ránkelda in Index andGlossary. Rán appears in Háttatal, Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I,
Helgakvi›a Hjƒrvar›ssonar , PE 173 (introduction to Reginsmál );Fóstbrœ›ra saga 135, Eyrbyggja saga 148, Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar 248 (Sonatorrek 7), ¯lkofra ﬂáttr (Wyatt and Cook
1993, 37–8; ÍF XI 92), ÍF IX 292 (v. 7), SnE 1848–87, II 490,
Vƒlsunga saga, Fri›-ﬂjófs saga; see de Vries 1956–7 I 251–2
Randgni›, Randgrí› f. names for valkyries, see Glossary underranngrí›Randvér m. son of Jƒrmunrekkr 49/21, 24, 27, v154/6 (Atlamálprose, Vƒlsunga saga, Njáls saga 454); a sea-king v415/1 (TGT99; cf. Flb I 27, 28, Hei›reks saga, Hyndluljó›, Sturla’s Hákonarkvi›a38, Skj A II 118)
Rangbeinn m. a giant v421/6
Ránkelda f. a wave (perhaps a proper name) v478/3 v. l. See Rán
and Glossary under kelda, ránkelda

500

Skáldskaparmál

Rati m. an auger 4/28 (Hávamál 106; cf. rata ‘find one’s way’). Cf. Alr
Rau›r m. an ox v331/3 (gen. with nƒfn), v503/7 (cf. Glossary and Hkr I)
Raumar m. pl. inhabitants, people of Romerike or Romsdal in Norway
v376/1 (Hkr II, III, Fagrskinna)
Raumelfr f. the Glomma (river in Norway) v482/2 (Hkr I, II, Fagrskinna)
Raun f. a river v482/1 (‘trial’)
Refill m. a sword 46/17 (cf. bló›refill in Glossary; Ri›ill in Fáfnismálprose, Vƒlsunga saga, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr)Refr m. (Skáld-Refr, Hofgar›a-Refr Gestsson), Icelandic poet, 11th
century 7/10, v4 n., 9/29, 12/15, v30 n., 37/3, 13, 65/20, 28, 69/9,
71/10, 76/1, 93/13, 94/20, 96/10 (Háttatal, Hkr II, Landnámabók,
Eyrbyggja saga, Njáls saga)
Reginn m. (1) brother of Fáfnir 45/14, 46/8, 11, 13, 17, 20, 23, 24,
27, 28, 31, 33, v152/1, 47/17, 48/15; Glossary under bró›ir, bƒlvasmi›r (PE, Vƒlsunga saga, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr ; cf. Hrólfs saga kraka)
Reginn m. (2) a dwarf, Glossary under reginn (Vƒluspá, SnE 1848–87,
II 470, 553, Egils saga einhenda)
Reginn m. (3) an ox v503/5
Rei›art‡r m. ‘chariot-T‡r’, i. e. ﬁórr 5/24, 6/32 n.; cf. rei›it‡r in
GlossaryRei›gotaland n. a name for Jutland (but here apparently includes
parts of mainland Sweden, cf. alt meginland and 106/1–2) 105/32(Gylf. Prologue; cf. Hei›reks saga, Ragnars sona ﬂáttr (Hauksbók
459), Skjƒldunga saga 10, 51, etc., Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 155,
Flb I 26, 105). Cf. Hre›- in various names in Old English poems(see note to Beowulf line 445a); (H)rei›gotar in Vafﬂrú›nismál 12;
cf. also Gotland and see ÍF XXXV 49 n.; Hkr I 35 n.; Gering andSijmons 1927–31, I 165
Reifnir m. a sea-king v415/2; whose roof is a shield, in kenning forsword, ræfrviti Reifnis v187/1 (cf. Glossary under ræfrviti); forship, Reifnis marr v254/7 (or for sea, Reifnis skei›; see note) (Skj
A I 468 (v. 49); cf. Hyndluljó› 23; Reimnir TGT 99)
Rekinn m. an ox v331/4 (‘driven’)
Rekkar m. pl. followers of King Hálfr (Hálfs saga, Fas II 108) 105/19(see rekkr in Glossary)
Rekstefja f. a poem by Hallar-Steinn about King Óláfr Tryggvason
v201 n. (Flb I, ÓTM I 110, 116; Skj A I 543–52)
Rennandi f. a river v479/8 (‘running’; cf. renna (1) in Glossary)(Grímnismál )Index of Names

501

Rerr (or Rær, q. v.; spellt ‘Rer’ in R) m. a sea-king v414/8 (cf. Rerir
in Gylf. Prologue, Vƒlsunga saga)
Reseldr m. 41/3 t. n. (cf. Eldir)
Rifingafla f. a troll-wife v427/8
Rimr f. a river v480/2
Rín f. the Rhine 48/35, v480/1; in kennings for gold, Rínar rau›málmr
v190/5, Rínar grjót v192/4, Rínar sól v391/2; for poetry, S‡rar
fentanna greppa jast-Rín v292/4, see note and jast-Rín in Glossary(Rín is mentioned widely, e. g. in Háttatal, Grímnismál and othereddic poems, Vƒlsunga saga, Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 150)
Rindr f. Ó›inn’s mistress, mother of Váli 19/26, 30/10 and note,
35/20; probably a giantess v12/4, v308/4; listed as an Ásynjav434/2; elja Rindar = Jƒr› (cf. 35/20; the land of Africa) v122/3(Gylf., Baldrs draumar 11, cf. Rinda in Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80,
Book 3)
Ristill f. see Glossary (cf. Rígsﬂula 25)
Ró f. a river v479/7 (cf. ró f. ‘calm’)Ró›adrápa f. a poem by ﬁór›r Sjáreksson about King Óláfr (1)v259 n. (Hkr II 281, ÓH 438; Skj A I 329)
Roddrus m. Trojan hero 6/12 (v. l. Rod(d)uus, Rodirus; cf. Rodus(= Rhodus) and Rodius (= Odius) in Trójumanna saga)
Ró›i m. a sea-king 68/8, v228 n., v414/7; in kenning for shield,
Ró›a ræf(r) v146/2, 68/28, v232/2, for sea, Ró›a rƒst v228/3(Háttatal, TGT 99)
Róm, Rúm n. Rome 76/26, v268 n., v268/4 (gen. with konungr, i. e.
Christ), v269/4, 78/20 (used widely in Kings’ Sagas, often spelt Rúm)
Rómaborg f. (the city of) Rome 78/21 (used widely in Kings’ Sagas)
Rungnir m. a giant (= Hrungnir?); in kenning for troll-wife, tungl
sjƒt-Rungnis, unexplained (see sjƒt-R. in Glossary) v300a/2 (cf.
Sigrdrífumál 15)
Runhenda f. a poem by Einarr Skúlason about King Eysteinn Haraldsson v367 n. (Skj A I 473–5; the name is not in medieval manuscripts)
Russia see Gar›ar
Rygir = Rygjar v91/5–6 n., v91/6 t. n. (Hkr, ÓH, Morkinskinna
1932, 300)
Rygjar m. pl. (this is an earlier form of Rygir, see Noreen 1923,§ 368) Rogalanders, men of Rogaland v213/3 (acc. with ba›, subj.
of leggja saman; or (leaving ba› without an object) gen. with

502

Skáldskaparmál

reggbúss or with rógsk‡ja regni, see NN 822); in kenning for
giants, Lista látrval-Rygjar = val-látr-Lista Rygjar, Rogalandersof falcon-lair-Lister, i. e. of the mountains v91/6 (subj. of nemáttu of bella); see látrval-Rygjar in GlossaryR‡gr f. a troll-wife v427/7 (also a word for ‘woman’, see Glossary;
SnE 1848–87, II 490; Hei›reks saga 36)
Rymr m. a name for ﬁórr v428/8 (cf. Glossary; used in kennings forbattle, e. g. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 17; see LP )Ræfill m. a sea-king v415/3; in kenning for sea, Ræfils fold v245/1,
Glossary under foldvigg, rí›a (Reginsmál 16, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr,Orkneyinga saga 235; cf. Refill in Hei›reks saga, ﬁorsteins saga
Víkingssonar)Rær m. a sea-king, in kenning for ship, Ræs rei› v158/3, v253/3 (cf.
Rerr)
Ræsir m. son of Hálfdan gamli 101/20 (Flb I 25; cf. Glossary)Rƒgn f. a river v482/1
Rƒgnir m. a name for Ó›inn; in kenning for poetry, verk or vágrRƒgnis v34/2 (see note); for warrior (Earl Hákon), hjƒrs brakRƒgnir v247/1 (see Glossary under brak-Rƒgnir); = lord, chief,in kenning for giant, vagna ving-Rƒgnir v95/5 (see Glossary
under ving-Rƒgnir); sóknar R. = ﬁjálfi (or galdrs R. = Ó›inn NN
445, 2106, see note) v75/4 (with fyrri en); cf. v213/4 t. n.
(SnE 1848–87, II 472; Vƒlsunga saga, cf. Sigrdrífumál 15; notealso Atlakvi›a 33)
Rƒgnvaldr m. (1) (Brúsason) earl of Orkney, d. 1046) v114 n.,
v114/2 (obj. of hjálp), v296 n., Glossary under jarl, konr (Orkneyinga
saga, Hkr II–III, Fagrskinna)Rƒgnvaldr m. (2) gamli (‘the old’), earl of Møre in Norway; Rƒgnvalds
kind = Earl ﬁorfinnr (cf. Glossary under gamall, kind) v297/3(dat. of advantage) (Hkr I, Fagrskinna, Orkneyinga saga)Rƒgnvaldsdrápa f. a poem by Arnórr jarlaskáld about Earl Rƒgnvaldr
v1 n., v114 n., 82/22, v296 n. (Skj A I 332)
Rƒkni m. a sea-king v415/1 (cf. Rƒkkvi or Røkkvi in Háttatal, Egils
saga Skalla-Grímssonar 267, TGT 99; also in TAB)Rƒknir m. a sea-king v415/1 (cf. Rƒkkvir in TGT 25)Rƒskva f. sister of ﬁjálfi 14/29, v44/1 (Gylf.; Skj A II 408, v. 1)
Sága f. an Ásynja v434/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál, SnE 1848–87, II 489)
Salfangr m. a giant v420/4

Index of Names

503

Salin f. a river v482/6
Sámendill m. a giant v430/8
Saxar m. pl. Saxons 58/30; in kenning for dwarfs v35/2, cf. berg-Saxar
in Glossary (Hkr, Fagrskinna, Skjƒldunga saga, Vƒlsunga saga,Hei›reks saga)
Saxelfr f. the Elbe, q. v. (river in Germany) v480/8 (Heimsl‡sing inHauksbók 150, Alfræ›i I)
Saxland n. Saxony, Germany 80/4, Glossary under ƒrk (Gylf. Prologue,
Hkr, Fagrskinna, Kn‡tlinga saga, Skjƒldunga saga, Hei›reks saga,
Hrólfs saga kraka)
Scandinavia: see Dƒnsk tunga and Glossary under danskr and tunga
Scythia: Glossary under kólga; see under Svíﬂjó›
Sef-Grímnir m. a giant? sef-Grímnis mágar = giants, their brú›r
a giantess v76/8 (see under Grímnir above and sef-Grímnir in
Glossary)
Sekmímir m. a giant v422/5 (v. l. Sƒk- (TA; for Søkk-?); see Mímir
and cf. Sƒk(k)mímir in Grímnismál, Ynglingatal 2 (Hkr I 28))
Sem› f. a river v482/6
Sendibítr m. a poem by Jórunn skáldmær about Haraldr hárfagri v402 n.
(Hkr I 142, ÓH 12; Skj A I 60–61)
Sessrúmnir m. Freyja’s hall 30/13 (Gylf.); a ship v491/4
Sexstefja f. a poem by ﬁjó›ólfr Árnórsson about King Haraldr har›rá›iv120 n., v236 n., v280 n., v309 n., v385 n. (ÓH 580, Fms VI 129;
Skj A I 369–77)
Shetland: Glossary under ey (1), vestan; see Hjaltland
Sí› f. a river v479/5 (Gylf., Grímnismál)
Sif f. ﬁórr’s wife 14/26, v46/1, 19/31, 20/5 and note, 20/34, 30/17,
35/21, 40/28, 37, 41/29, 30, 32 (dat. of advantage), 42/21, 23;
in kenning for gold, Sifjar svar›festar v189/3; in kenning for woman,fló›s fúrs hir›i-Sif v204/2 (the identity is unknown); in kenning for
Hildr Hƒgnadóttir, hristi-Sif hringa v250/5 (see Glossary underhir›i-Sif, hristi-Sif; Gylf., PE; = Juno in Breta sƒgur in Hauksbók
233, Juno and once Thetis in Trójumanna saga); a name for theearth v501/3, v501/5 t. n.
Sigarr m. (1) son of Hálfdan gamli 103/9 (Flb I 25, 26; see under
Siklingar, Glossary under siklingr)
Sigarr m. (2) descendant, grandson (?) of Sigarr (1) (cf. Flb I 23–4,
25–6) 103/10 (cf. Gylf. Prologue, Háttatal, PE, Vƒlsunga saga)
Sigg f. a mountain in Sunnhordland, Norway; nor›an fyrir Siggju

504

Skáldskaparmál

southwards past or to the north of S. v259/1 (taken to be an island
in Eyrbyggja saga 73–4 (see note), SnE 1848–87, II 491, 492)
Siggeir m. legendary king 103/10 (Vƒlsunga saga 4–5: he married
Sign‡ daughter of Vƒlsungr; son of Sigarr (1) according to Flb I
26) (Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I; cf. Gu›rúnarkvi›a II, Vƒlsunga
saga 62, Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, II 112)
Sighvatr m. (ﬁór›arson), Icelandic poet, 11th century 77/26, v274 n.,
80/27, v285 n., 100/18, 105/15 (Hkr II–III, ÓH, Fagrskinna, Fóstbrœ›ra saga)
Sigi m. a son of Ó›inn v429/6 (Vƒlsunga saga; cf. Siggi in Gylf.
Prologue; Glossary under siklingr)
Sigmundr m. (1) son of Sigur›r 48/8, 28 (Vƒlsunga saga; cf. PE 229)
Sigmundr m. (2) Vƒlsungsson father of Sigur›r Fáfnisbani 46/21,
50/19 (PE, Vƒlsunga saga; cf. Eiríksmál, Fagrskinna 78–9; aname of Ó›inn in SnE 1848–87, II 472)
Sign‡ f. v98/2 t. n. (= Sygin)Sigrø›r m. probably = Earl Sigur›r (1); mƒgr Sigrø›ar v301/2 isthen Earl Hákon (2). See v12 n., v292 n., v301 n.
Sigtryggr m. legendary king 101/16 (Hyndluljó› 15, Flb I 25; cf. Af
Upplendinga konungum in Hauksbók 457; a name of Ó›inn in
SnE 1848–87, II 473)
Sigtún n. pl. or Sigtúnir f. pl. Sigtuna (Sweden); at Sigtúnum to S.
v352/4 (Gylf. Prologue, Skjƒldunga saga, Fagrskinna; Hkr, especially I 16 and note)
Sigt‡r m. victory-god, Ó›inn 5/22, v6/4 (subj. of var), v142/3 (Atlakvi›a30; pl. in Vƒluspá 44, 49, 58, Grímnismál 45, Lokasennna 1–2,
Fáfnismál 24, Atlakvi›a 29; cf. t‡r in Glossary)
Sigur›ardrápa f. (1) a poem by Kormakr about Earl Sigur›r (1) v12 n.,v211 n., v241 n., v292 n., v301 n. (Hkr I 168; Skj A I 79–80)
Sigur›ardrápa f. (2) a poem by Bƒ›varr balti about King Sigur›r (5)v107 n. (cf. Morkinskinna 1932, 438; Skj A I 504–5)
Sigur›ardrápa f. (3) a poem by Einarr Skúlason about Sigur›r (5)v312 n. (Skj A I 458)
Sigur›r m. (1) (jarl Hákonarson; d. c. 962) v5 n., v5/1, v12 n., v21 n.,v211/4 (dat. with fær), v292 n., 82/6, v301 n., Glossary underallvaldr, gla›fœ›andi, jar›hljótr, jarl, mei›r, sannreynir, sonr,
Index under Haraldr (1); see also Sigrø›r
Sigur›r m. (2) Sigmundarson (Fáfnisbani) 46/21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 30,
34, v151/1, 47/17, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30, 33, 36, 37, 48/1, 5, 7, 17, 24,

Index of Names

505

25, 26, 28, 30, 33, 49/19 and 50/17 (S. sveinn), 50/20, v322 n., v330/8,
103/9, v407 n., Glossary under herkonungr, mensker›ir, mƒgr, spillir,
sveinn (Háttatal, PE, Vƒlsunga saga, Flb I 26, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr)Sigur›r m. (3) (Hringr) father of Ragnarr lo›brók v238/4 (Hkr I 109,Skjƒldunga saga, Flb I 27)
Sigur›r m. (4) (s‡r Hálfdanarson) father of Haraldr har›rá›i v318/4
and note (Hkr II, III, Fagrskinna)
Sigur›r m. (5) munnr, son of Haraldr (7) gilli, king of Norway(d. 1155) v107 n., v399 n., Glossary under bró›ir, hildingr (Hkr
III, Fagrskinna)
Sigur›r m. (6) Jórsalafari Magnússon, king of Norway (d. 1130)
v128–32 n., v199 n., v283 n., v379 n., Glossary under gullstrí›ir,jƒfurr, konungr (Hkr III, Fagrskinna)
Sigvaldi m. earl (Strút-Haraldsson, see Jómsvíkinga saga, Hkr I)
v227/2 (the subj. of bau› is Búi ok S.; see note)
Sigyn f. an Ásynja, Loki’s wife 1/11, 20/4, v434/4, Glossary undergaldr, hapt; farmr Sigynjar arma = Loki v98/2 (Gylf., Vƒluspá,
Lokasenna prose, SnE 1848–87, II 489)
Sikiley f. Sicily v261/1, v410/4 (subj. of var› au› ) (Heimsl‡sing inHauksbók 151, Alfræ›i I, Hkr III, Fagrskinna)
Siklingar m. pl. descendants of Sigarr (1) 103/10 (Flb I 26, cf. Saxo
Grammaticus 1979–80, II 112, ÁBM siklingur (1); as a common
noun frequent in verse, e. g. Ynglingatal 1, Hkr I 26; see SnE
1848–87, II 469, PE (references in LP ), siklingr in Glossary)
Silfrtoppr m. one of the Æsir’s horses (Gylf., Grímnismál 30 (Silfrin-),
SnE 1848–87, II 487) v326/4. Cf. Gulltoppr
Simfjƒtli m. son of Sigmundr Vƒlsungsson 50/20 (usually Sinfjƒtli,see t. n.; Fagrskinna 78 (Eiríksmál ), Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I
and II, PE 162, Vƒlsunga saga, Norna-Gests ﬂáttr )Simul f. a troll-wife v425/6 (cf. Gylf.; Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana
I 42; simull in Glossary)
Sindri m. a dwarf 41/36 t. n., 42/2 t. n. (cf. Gylf., Vƒluspá, ﬁorsteinssaga Víkingssonar ; cf. Brimir (1): both are names of a hall and of agiant or dwarf; cf. sindri m. ‘flint’, sindr n. ‘slag’; see also under
Guthormr)
Singasteinn m. (steinn = ‘stone’: perhaps the place was a cliff; thefirst element may mean ‘old’, see ÁBM) 19/15, v64/2
Sinir m. one of the Æsir’s horses (Gylf., Grímnismál 30) v326/4 (v. l.
Simr; cf. Simir, SnE 1848–87, II 487)

506

SkáldskaparmálSívƒr f. a troll-wife v425/7. Cf. Svívƒr
Sjƒfn f. an Ásynja v434/2 (Gylf., SnE 1848–87, II 490, Gísla saga
75, 109, Skj A I 610, v. 14)
Ska›i f. daughter of ﬁjazi 2/24, 34, v5 n., 18/14, 20/6 n., 20/7,
v93/1–4 n., 40/37, Glossary under go›brú›r, hvalr, ﬂrymseil, ƒndurdís,ƒndurgu›; listed among the Ásynjur v433/6; cf. v96/2 and see
under Vár (Gylf., Grímnismál, Skírnismál prose, Lokasenna prose,
Hyndluljó›; cf. Hkr I 21, where she is said (based on Háleygjatal
3) to have married Ó›inn; in Grímnismál 11 she is skír brú›r go›a‘bright bride of gods’ (quoted in Gylf. 24); cf. Járnvi›ja)
Skáld-Helgi m. early 11th century Icelandic poet v201 n. (seeLandnámabók, ÍF I 86 n. 1)
Skalli m. a giant (‘bald-head’) v420/8 (a wolf in Hei›reks saga
1924, 68; cf. Skƒll; Skolli is a fox in SnE 1848–87, II 490)
Skálpr m. name for a ship (see Sverris saga ch. 159; cf. Gestaskálpr,Bƒglunga sƒgur II 64, 99; Falk 1912, 87; ‘something hollowedout or vaulted’ de Vries 1977, 482) v493/8
Skapti ﬁóroddsson m. (Icelandic lawspeaker 1004–30) 77/1, v269 n.
(Hkr II, ÓH, Íslendingabók, Landnámabók, Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar, Gunnlaugs saga, Grettis saga, Valla-Ljóts saga (ÍFIX), Njáls saga, Kristni saga, ¯lkofra ﬂáttr (ÍF XI))
Skati mildi m. legendary king 105/22 (cf. ﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar ;and see skati in Glossary)
Skatnar m. pl. followers of King Skati 105/21 (cf. skati in Glossary)
Skatyrnir m. a heaven (the ninth) v516/19 (SnE 1848–87, II 485, line
30, and 569; cf. Glossary; perhaps a form of Saturnus; length of second vowel uncertain, and could be u or ú as well as y or ‡, see t. n.)
Skefill m. a sea-king v413/4
Skei›brimir m. one of the Æsir’s horses (Gylf., Grímnismál 30, SnE
1848–87, II 487) v327/5
Skekkill m. a sea-king v413/3 (Hyndluljó›, Flb I 23, 26, TGT 99)
Skelfir m. legendary king (‘he who causes shaking, terrifier’) 103/16,
Glossary under herkonungr (Flb I 25, 26; cf. Hkr I 38 and n. andSkjálf below)
Skerkir m. a giant v420/4 (cf. Glossary; = fire, SnE 1848–87, II 486)
Skí›bla›nir m. Freyr’s ship 18/27, v62/3, 41/34, 42/21, 23, v491/6(Gylf., Hkr I 18 (here Ó›inn’s), Grímnismál 43, 44)
Skilfingar m. pl. descendants of Skelfir (q. v.) 103/17; cf. sg. 105/10(Flb I 26, Hyndluljó› 11, 16, Hkr I 53 (Ynglingatal 18), Hkr III

Index of Names

507

21; see skilfingr in Glossary and SnE 1848–87, II 469; Skilfingr
is a name of Ó›inn in Grímnismál (quoted in Gylf.) and SnE
1848–87, II 473; cf. Old English Scylfingas, Scilfingas, the nameof a Swedish dynasty, used to mean Swedes in Beowulf )Skinfaxi m. day’s horse (= Gla›r, or an alternative horse?—cf. note
to 90/1–2) 90/2 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál, SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Skjálf f. a name for Freyja v435/5. Cf. Skelfir and Hkr I 38 n.
Skjƒldr (dat. Skildi) m. (1) son of Ó›inn 51/29, 32, 103/15, v429/7(Gylf. Prologue, Hkr I 15, Flb I 28, IV 11, Skjƒldunga saga; cf.
Scyld in Beowulf, Skiold in Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, I 15, II
26–7; see skjƒldr and skjƒldungr in Glossary)Skjƒldr m. (2) a ship 19/32 n., 67/21 n.
Skjƒldungar m. pl. descendants of Skjƒldr (1) 51/30, 103/15 (seeskjƒldungr in Glossary; SnE 1848–87, II 469; Gylf. Prologue,
Hyndluljó›, PE 200, Skjƒldunga saga, Hrólfs saga kraka, Flb I 22,
26, Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga; Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, I 15, II 26;
cf. Old English Scyldingas, name of a Danish dynasty, used tomean Danes in Beowulf )Skoll m. see Skƒll below and skólkinni in Glossary
Skopti Skagason m. 10th century Norwegian: Glossary under hersir(Hkr I 248–9; Fagrskinna)
Skorir m. a giant v420/3 (v. l. Skærir in A)
Skotar m. pl. Scots (Orkneyinga saga; in verses in Hkr and Fagrskinna);
in kenning for giants, Skotar Gandvíkr v74/6 (dat. of comparison
with ríkri, mightier than the giants)
Skrati m. a giant v419/8 (cf. skratti m. ‘devil, monster’)Skríkja f. a troll-wife v425/7
Skr‡mir m. a giant v420/3 (Gylf.; in Lokasenna 62 it seems to be thename of the knapsack; cf. Skrímnir in Sƒrla saga sterka); a sword
v452/2 (see Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 292 and Kormaks saga,
where it is also mentioned in verses)
Skuld f. a valkyrie v436/6 (Vƒluspá 20, SnE 1848–87, II 490, Egils
saga Skalla-Grímssonar 149; name of a norn in Gylf. (see Index
there) and Vƒluspá 30; cf. Hrólfs saga kraka)
Skúli ﬁorsteinsson (Egilssonar) m. Icelandic poet, late 10th to 11th
century 39/2, 43/17, 60/13, 91/24, 92/20, v144 n. (Kristni saga,
Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar (particularly p. 300), Gunnlaugssaga, Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa, Hkr I 358 (see note), Oddr
Snorrason 1932, Fagrskinna). Cf. Skyli508

Skáldskaparmál

Skyli (Skúli) m. son of Hálfdan gamli 101/21 (Flb I 25; cf. SnE
1848–87, II 469, Fagrskinna 64 (Haraldskvæ›i), Háttatal 2, 28).
Cf. GlossarySkær m. a horse SnE 1848–87, II 487; see GlossarySkæva›r m. a horse v326/2, v328/7 (SnE 1848–87, II 487; in a
kenning for ship in Skj A I 160, v. 5)Skƒfnungr m. sword-name, ‘polished’ v457/4 (Hrólfr kraki’s swordin Hrólfs saga kraka, also mentioned in Landnámabók and anumber of Sagas of Icelanders, see ÍF V 172 n., XI 287; cf.
Glossary under skafningr)Skƒgul f. a valkyrie v7/1, v436/4; in kennings for battle, dynr Skƒglar
v219/4, él Skƒglar v382/4 (Gylf., Háttatal, Vƒluspá, Grímnismál,
SnE 1848–87, II 490, Hkr I 193, 195 (Hákonarmál ))Skƒll (or Skoll) m. or n. (or Skƒlkinni m.; cf. Kinni) a wolf: cf.
v514/10 t. n., see skólkinni in Glossary (Skƒll in Gylf., Grímnismál
39; cf. skƒll f. noise (of battle) ÍF XIV 204). Cf. Skalli
Sleipnir m. Ó›inn’s horse, offspring of Loki 20/4 (see note), 20/19,
v325/1, v328–30 n.; in kennings for ship, sjágnípu S. v127/1, hafSleipnir v242/2; see haf-Sleipnir in Glossary (Gylf., Grímnismál,
Sigrdrífumál, Baldrs draumar, Hyndluljó›, Vƒlsunga saga, Hei›rekssaga, SnE 1848–87, II 487; cf. Hkr I 36, 46 (Ynglingatal ))Slí›r f. a river v484/2 (Gylf., Vƒluspá, Grímnismál )Slí›rugtanni m. a boar (= Gullinbusti) 19/8 (Gylf.)
Slungnir m. King A›ils’s horse 59/26, v328–30 n., v330/4 (Sløngvir
Hkr I 57)
Snjófrí›r see Snæfrí›r
Snorri m. (1) Sturluson v5 n., v24 n., 63/15–17 n., 67/28–9 n., v263 n.,
Glossary under selja (2), svartálfr
Snorri m. (2) go›i, 10th–11th century Icelander v30 n., Glossary
under runnr; see ﬁorsteinn (1)Snotra f. an Ásynja v433/4; cf. Glossary (Gylf.; cf. Gautreks saga)
Snyrtir (Snirtir) m. Bjarki’s sword, see Glossary. Cf. LaufiSnæbjƒrn m. Icelandic poet, probably 11th century (nothing further
is known of him, but conceivably he is the same as S. galti, also
noted for his sailing, ÍF I 190–95) 38/16, v133 n., 81/16
Snæfrí›ardrápa (or Snjófrí›ar-) f. a poem attributed to Haraldr
hárfagri v29 n. (Flb II 70; Skj A I 5)Snæfrí›r, Snjófrí›r f. v29 n., v205 n., v360 n., Glossary undermjƒ›r (Flb I 41, II 53, 69–70; Ágrip, Hkr I)

Index of Names

509

Sól f. an Ásynja v434/3; personification of the sun, Glossary undergy›ja, cf. 39/1, 85/19 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál 23, Flb I 24, SnE
1848–87, II 490; cf. álfrƒ›ull and sól in Glossary, Álfrƒ›ull in Index)
Sómr m. a giant v419/7 (cf. Glossary)
Són f. one of the vats containing the mead of poetry 3/21, 4/3, 38,
11/28; in kenning for (the mead of) poetry, Sónar sá› (or sefrein
Sónar may mean ‘heart’ or ‘breast’; see Frank 1978, 96–7, where
it is argued that són is a common noun meaning ‘reconciliation’;cf. Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 266 and n.) v36/3 (cf. Sturl. I
500; són also means ‘blood’, Kormaks saga 243, Skj A I 556, v. 5)
Sonatorrek n. a poem by Egill Skalla-Grímsson v15–16 n. (Egils
saga Skalla-Grímssonar 246–57; Skj A I 40–43)
Sóti m. a horse v325/6 (Gunnlaugs saga 91; the name of various
characters in fornaldarsögur including ¯rvar-Odds saga)
Spé f. the Spey (river in Scotland) v483/7
Sprettingr m. a giant v419/5
Starka›r m. (dat. -e›i ) a giant killed by ﬁórr v57/3 (grandfather ofthe hero Starka›r gamli (‘the Old’) Stórverksson, Starka›r Áludrengr
in Gautreks saga 12, cf. Hei›reks saga 66–7; the two Starka›rsseem to be confused in Saxo Grammaticus, see 1979–80, II 98–9)
Steinarr (Steinn in A and T) m. Icelandic poet, 11th century 64/8,
v206 n.
Steinn (1) m. = Hallar-Steinn, q. v. 63/28
Steinn (2) Herdísarson m. Icelandic poet, 11th century 34/28, v112 n.,(Landnámabók, Hkr III)
Steinﬂórr m. Icelandic poet, 11th century 9/5, v13 n. (nothing further is known about him)
Stígandi m. a giant v419/6 (cf. Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga; also a ship in
Landnámabók, Vatnsdœla saga)
Stiklarsta›ir m. pl. Stiklestad in ﬁrándheimr, Norway v4 n., v120 n.
(Hkr II, Fagrskinna, ÓH )Stórverkr m. a giant v420/1 (cf. Stórvirkr, son of Starka›r Áludrengr
and father of Starka›r gamli in Gautreks saga; in Hei›reks saga
67 he is father of Starka›r Áludrengr; cf. Storverk in Saxo Grammaticus
1979–80, I 170)
Strauma f. a river v482/7 (‘torrent’)Strƒnd f. a river (‘strand’) v481/2, v483/7 (Grímnismál )Stúfr m. (1) a horse v326/1, v329/2 (SnE 1848–87, II 487); an ox (cf.
Glossary) v504/5

510

Skáldskaparmál

Stúfr m. (2) blindi, son of ﬁór›r kƒttr, Icelandic poet, 11th century
102/16, v396 n. (Laxdœla saga, Stúfs ﬂáttr ; cf. Glossary)Stúfsdrápa (or Stúfa) f. a poem by Stúfr (2) about King Haraldrhar›rá›i v396 n. (ÍF V 290; Skj A I 404–5)
Stúmi m. a giant v420/6
Styrkárr Oddason m. Icelandic poet, 11th or 12th century 76/12, v266 n.
Su›r f. a river v479/5 (in a kenning for gold, Hávar›ar saga 330;
perhaps related to sjó›a ‘seethe’)Su›ri (‘southerly’) m. one of the dwarfs who hold up the sky 33/26,
Glossary under setberg; áttru›r Su›ra = Geirrø›r v87/8. Su›ri isthe name of a dwarf in Gylf. ch. 14, Vƒluspá, SnE 1848–87, II 469,
and appears in a kenning for poetry in Gísla saga 82; in v87 it isperhaps to be taken as also the name of a giant, or giants areperceived as related to dwarfs (some names of giants are also
names of dwarfs, e. g. Fjalarr, Galarr, Litr; both are rock-dwellers,
cf. berg-Saxar, berg-Danir in Glossary); cf. Vƒluspá 9–10, where
according to some readings dwarfs are created out of parts of giants(see Vƒluspá 1978, 26–7; Tryggvi Gíslason 1984; cf. also Gylf. 15/35)
Sumar(r) m. or n. (Sumarr m. TGT 65) personification of summer
39/29, see Glossary (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál 27)
Surtalogi m. ‘Surtr’s (or Surti’s) fire’ 6/25 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál )Surtr m. a giant v420/1; as common noun for giant in kenning for
mountain fastness, Surts søkkdalir v23/1 (or part of a kenning for
poetry, see note), v61 n. (Gylf., Vƒluspá, Vafﬂrú›nismál, Fáfnismál,Vƒlsunga saga; in a kenning for thought in Hallfre›ar saga 147)
Suttungr m. a giant 3/35 and note, 3/37, 39, 4/15, 20, 24, 25, 39, 5/4,
v23 n., v431/3; gen. Suttunga 4/4, 7, 19, 5/6, 11/27 (Hávamál,
Alvíssmál , Skírnismál 34 (Suttungi))
Sváfnir m. a serpent 90/11 (Gylf., Grímnismál, SnE 1848–87, II 487;
also a name of Ó›inn in Gylf. (Haraldskvæ›i), Grímnismál and
SnE 1848–87, II 472, cf. 4/33)
Svalin ( f. ?) shield of the sun, Glossary under svalinn
Svanhildr Sigur›ardóttir f. 48/8, 49/19, 22, 24, 31 n., 32, 35 (PE,Vƒlsunga saga). Cf. Foglhildr
Svárangr m. a giant v75/2 n., v419/8 (Hárbar›sljó› 29)
Svartálfaheimr m. the world of the black elves 45/21 (Gylf.; cf.
svartálfr in Glossary and døkkálfar in Gylf. 19)
Svartr m. a giant v420/5 (cf. ¯rvar-Odds saga, ﬁorsteins saga
Víkingssonar ; see Glossary)Index of Names

511

Svasa-, Svásanautr m. a garment or cloth: Glossary under nisting(Flb II 70)
Svasi or Svási m. a dwarf: Glossary under nadd-Freyr, nisting (Flb
II 53, 69–70, Ágrip, Hkr I)
Svásu›r m. a giant, father of Sumar(r) 39/29, v419/7 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál )Svei›i m. a sea-king v412/8; in kenning for ships, Svei›a hreinar
74/19, v258/1 (Orkneyinga saga 7, Hkr I 275; cf. Sva›i Heitason,
Flb I 23)
Sveinn m. (1) Icelandic or Greenland poet, probably 11th century
37/8, 39/15
Sveinn m. (2) (tjúguskegg Haraldsson, king of Denmark; d. 1014)
father of Knútr inn ríki v258/4, Glossary under mƒgr (Kn‡tlinga
saga, Hkr I and II). Cf. Sveinn (3) and v381 n.
Sveinn m. (3) Úlfsson (Estridsson), king of Denmark (d. 1076)
v191 n., v381 n., v381/3 (his son was St Knútr; or the reference
could be to Knútr inn ríki, son of Sveinn tjúguskegg), v396 n.,
Glossary under gramr (2), vísir (Kn‡tlinga saga, Hkr III)
Sveinn m. (4), son of Sveinn (3), brother of St Knútr (who died in1086) v398 n., Glossary under bró›ir (Kn‡tlinga saga)
Sveinn m. (5) Eiríksson, king of Denmark (d. 1157) v262 n., Glossary
under fri›støkkvir (Kn‡tlinga saga)
Sveinn m. (6) Hákonarson, earl in Norway (d. c. 1015) v286 n., v375 n.
(Hkr II, Fagrskinna)
Sveinn m. (7) Sveinsson, half-brother to Knútr (2) v398 n. (Kn‡tlinga
saga)
Sveipinfalda f. a troll-wife v425/8
Sverrir m. king of Norway (d. 1202) v139 n., Glossary under í›,
sigrgœ›ir
Svíagríss m. a gold ring (‘Swedes’ pig(let)’) 59/2, 20, 27 (Hrólfs
saga kraka, Skjƒldunga saga)
Svíar m. pl. Swedes 59/24, 31, v189/3 v. l., v310/4 (Hkr, Fagrskinna)
Svíaveldi n. the Swedish realm 106/1 (Hkr, Fagrskinna, Hrólfs saga
kraka, Hei›reks saga)
Svi›urr m. a name of Ó›inn 105/31 (cf. Svi›urr, Svi›rir in Grímnismál
and SnE 1848–87, II 472; Svi›urr, Svi›arr, Svi›rir in Gylf.)
Svipdagr m. a berserk 58/32 (Hrólfs saga kraka, Háttalykill 12 (seep. 58); cf. Gylf. Prologue, Hkr I 43 and note, Saxo Grammaticus
1979–80, II 28–9)

512

Skáldskaparmál

Svipul f. a valkyrie, see GlossarySvívƒr f. a giantess or troll-wife killed by ﬁórr v58/8. Cf. Sívƒr
Svíﬂjó› f. Sweden v84/1–4 n., 52/5, v171/2, 58/29, v217 n., 80/13,
v310 n., 105/31, Glossary under austr (2), landfólk (Hkr, Fagrskinna,
Gylf., Vƒlundarkvi›a prose); cf. Svíaveldi; S. kólgu (‘of coldness’,see kólga in Glossary, Kólga in Index) = S. hin mikla, hin kalda,
Scythia (Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 155, Hkr I, ÍF IX 220 and note,Skjƒldunga saga, Sƒrla saga sterka), conceived as home of giants
v84/2 (gen. with (dólg)fer› or dróttar, see note)Svƒl f. a river, see Vi›svƒl (and cf. svalr in Glossary)Svƒl› f. an island or river in the south Baltic area v144 n., v187/2(Hkr I 351 n. and cxxxv)
Svƒlnir m. a name of Ó›inn (ﬂula in A, SnE 1848–87, II 472), in
kenning for shield, Svƒlnis salpenningr, the penny of Ó›inn’s hall
v253/1 (Valhƒll was roofed with shields, see Gylf. ch. 2; in theverse there Flateyjarbók and U have the name Svƒlnir, see Skj A
I 26); Svƒlnis ekkja = Jƒr›, i. e. jƒr›, the earth v66/7 (subj. of gekk
sundr ; cf. Fagrskinna 98 and note). This kenning may be basedon the idea of Ó›inn’s long absences referred to in Hkr I 12, or tohis presumed abandonment of Jƒr› for Frigg, though ekkja could
just mean wife (cf. Glossary and LP ). Cf. bi›kván in Glossary
Sylgr f. a river v484/5 (Gylf., Grímnismál )Syn f. an Ásynja v434/5; in kenning for woman, mens mjúkstalls S.
v206/1 (gen. with draumar); for giantess, arin-Syn v90/3 (gen.
with salvani›; see note and Glossary under arinn) (Gylf., SnE
1848–87, II 490)
S‡r f. a name for Freyja v435/5; in kenning for giantess, fentanna S.
v292/1 (gen. with greppa; see note) (Gylf.; Hallfre›ar saga 156)
Syrvi m. a sea-king v416/6 (Sƒrvi or Sørvi in C (‘soruí’); cf. sørvar,
syrvar in Glossary; Sƒrvi in Fagrskinna 115, Hkr I 246; sƒrvar in
Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 202)Sæhrímnir m. a boar v513/4 (Gylf., Grímnismál )Sækarlsmúli m. a giant v420/2
Sæmingr m. a son of Ó›inn v5 n., v429/9 (Gylf. Prologue, Hkr I 21–2;
at I 4 he is said (on the authority of a lost verse of Háleygjatal) tobe son of Yngvifreyr; see also Hálfdanar saga Eysteinsfóstra 247)Sœkin f. (or Sekin; spellt with e in R, æ in AC) a river v479/6 (Sekinin Gylf. (spellt with æ in U), Sækin in Grímnismál )Sƒkkmímir see Sekmímir

Index of Names

513Sƒlsi m. a sea-king 74/24, v416/2 (TGT 25); in kenning for ship,Sƒlsa bekkr v258/3 (according to 74/24–5, this is a kenning forthe sea; see note)Sƒlvi m. a sea-king v413/4 (Flb I 23, 24, Af Upplendinga konungumin Hauksbók 456; cf. Hálfs saga, Gƒngu-Hrólfs saga)Sƒnnungr m. a name for ﬁórr v428/7
Sƒrli m. son of Gu›rún and Jónakr, brother of Ham›ir v24 n., 49/17,
38, 50/6, 15, 28, v156/5; Glossary under barmi, birki, ni›r (1),sonr, vilja; in kenning for coats of mail, fƒt Sƒrla 68/18, v230/2
and note (Ham›ismál, Vƒlsunga saga)
Tanngnjóstr m. one of ﬁórr’s goats (Gylf.) v508/3
Tanngrísnir m. one of ﬁórr’s goats (Gylf.) v508/4 (cf. hrísgrísnir in
Glossary)
Taurus (constellation) v93/1–4 n.
Teiti m. a sea-king v415/8 (cf. Teitr in Skjƒldunga saga 61, ÍF XIII 413)
Tems f. the Thames v481/2 (Breta sögur in Hauksbók; Temps inKn‡tlinga saga, Hkr II)
Tifr f. the Tiber v481/1 (Alfræ›i I, Heimsl‡sing 150 and Breta sögur
in Hauksbók (also Tipr); Tibur in Alfræ›i III 22 n.)
Tiggi m. son of Hálfdan gamli 101/21 (Flb I 25; SnE 1848–87, II
469, see Glossary)
Tindr m. (Hallkelsson), Icelandic poet (d. 1015 or later) 68/8
(Landnámabók, Hei›arvíga saga, ÍF III 331, Har›ar saga, Fagrskinna
131, Hkr I)
Tjaldari m. a horse v325/4 (SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Torf-Einarr m. (Rƒgnvaldsson) earl in Orkney c. 900; ættbœttir
Torf-Einars = Earl ﬁorfinnr v298/4 (Háttatal, Orkneyinga saga,
Hkr I)
Troja f. Troy 5/35, 36, 6/26, 27, Glossary under orrosta (Gylf. and
Prologue; Flb I 28; Heimsl‡sing (‘Troea’) and Breta sögur inHauksbók, Trójumanna saga)
Trojumenn m. pl. Trojans; Trojumanna orrosta = the Trojan war 5/39
(Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 152, 155 (‘Troea manna’), Alfræ›i I;
Trójumanna saga)
Tror m. = ﬁórr 22/20 t. n., cf. Gylf. Prologue
Tryggvaflokkr m. a poem (probably by Sighvatr) about King TryggviÓláfsson (d. 1033) v285 n. (ÓH 611 (see t. n.), Hkr II 413 (hereanonymous); Skj A I 247)

514

Skáldskaparmál

Tvedda f. the Tweed v483/2
T‡r m. an Áss 1/9, 5/19, 5/24 n., 19/18, 40/36, v432/7 (Gylf., Hymiskvi›a,
Lokasenna, Hkr I 208 (Háleygjatal ),Vƒlsunga saga (Sigrdrífumál );in kennings for king or earl in Háttatal ). In kennings the word
may have originally been the common noun t‡r m. ‘god’ (see t‡r,t‡framr in Glossary), especially in names for Ó›inn (q. v.), suchas Farmat‡r, Gautat‡r, Hangat‡r, Hert‡r, Hroptat‡r, Sigt‡r, andVerat‡r in Gylf. and Grímnismál ; see also Rei›art‡r, a name forﬁórr; byrgit‡r, hir›it‡r, rei›it‡r in Glossary
Tyrfingr m. a sword (see Hei›reks saga, ¯rvar-Odds saga; cf. Skj A
I 349, B I 322, v. 2) v457/6
Tyrkir (or Tyrkjar, see Noreen 1923, § 368) m. pl. Turks, i. e. Trojans
5/33, 36 (Gylf. ch. 54 and Prologue, Flb I 28, Íslendingabók 27,
Hei›reks saga 66, Skjƒldunga saga, Sturlaugs saga starfsama,Trójumanna saga; cf. Heimsl‡sing in Hauksbók 155 and Tyrkland
in Gylf. Prologue, Hkr I, Flb I 27, II 209, Trójumanna saga,Alfræ›i I)
Tøgdrápa f. a poem by ﬁórarinn loftunga about King Knútr inn ríkiv200 n.; see Glossary (Hkr II, ÓH, Kn‡tlinga saga; Skj A I 322–5)
U›r f. (1) a river v481/5; see also U›r (2) (= u›r ‘wave’; see
Glossary) (name of Ó›inn in Gylf., Grímnismál, SnE 1848–87, II
473; cf. also Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana II 31)
U›r (gen. Unnar) f. (2) daughter of Ægir, personification of a wave
36/26, 95/8, v357 n., 95/12, v478/5 (SnE 1848–87, II 493). Cf.
U›r (1) and u›r in Glossary; unnr in Gylf. (Vƒluspá)Úlfr Uggason m. Icelandic poet (fl. c. 1000) 8/7, v8 n., 9/10, 10/8,
v24 n., 14/5, v54 n., 17/3, 8, 30, 19/3, 16, 20/7, 64/28, 70/19,
84/13, 86/26 (Landnámabók, Laxdœla saga, Njáls saga)
Ullr m. a god 1/10, 14/26, 19/31, 19/32 n., 30/17, v328–30 n.; inkennings for shield (see note to 67/21), Ullar askr v28/1, v212/1,
69/19, Ullar kjóll v143/3 (gen. with fjƒllum), Ullar skip 67/21,
v236/2 (gen. with él) (cf. de Vries 1956–7, II 159–60, § 446;
Tolley 1996, 22–3 and 44 n. 53); in kennings for ﬁórr, Ulls (Ullar)mágr v47/4, v66/1 and note, gulli Ullar v89/5; for warrior, man,U. ímunlauks v185/1 (vocative: the person addressed in this verse
is unknown, though it may be Haraldr gráfeldr; see Frank 1978,83) (Gylf., Grímnismál, Atlakvi›a)Unda›r m. a rider v328–30 n.

Index of Names

515

Unn- see U›r
Uppsalir m. pl. Uppsala 58/23, 59/5, 6; Glossary under austr (2)(Hkr I–II, Skjƒldunga saga, Hrólfs saga kraka)
Ur›r f. a norn v241/4 (Gylf., Vƒluspá; cf. Gu›rúnarkvi›a I 24, II 21;
Sigur›arkvi›a in skamma 5; yr›r Hkr I 72; etymologically related
to ver›a, pp. or›inn); Ur›ar brunnr m. Ur›r’s well 76/26, v268/2
and note (cf. Gylf., Vƒluspá, Hávamál 111)
Útfarardrápa f. a poem by Halldórr skvaldri about King Sigur›r(6) Magnússon v379 n. (Sverris saga 1920, 91; Skj A I 486–8)
Váfu›r m. a name of Ó›inn; Váfa›ar ﬂing = battle, Váfa›ar ﬂingﬂrøngvir (tmesis) = warrior v149/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál, TGT 87,
Hkr I 188, SnE 1848–87, II 556; cf. Váfƒ›r in Vƒluspá 1 (Hauksbók),
SnE 1848–87, II 472; váfu›r is a word for the wind in Alvíssmál
20, cf. v332/2 t. n. and Glossary under vƒfu›r)
Vafﬂrú›nir m. a giant v421/4 (Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál )Vágasker n. (‘wave-skerry’) 19/14 (not mentioned elsewhere)
Vagn m. (1) Ákason, a Dane, 10th century v214 n. (Jómsvíkingasaga, Hkr I, Fagrskinna)
Vagn m. (2) a constellation, see Glossary (ÍF XXXIV 355; Alfræ›i
II 250; used a number of times in Christian poetry, generally inpl., presumably for Ursa Major and Ursa Minor together; see LP )Vagnhƒf›i m. a giant v431/2 (Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, I 21, II 29)
Vakr m. name of a horse v329/4 (SnE 1848–87, II 487, Orkneyinga
saga 235, Hallfre›ar saga 150; cf. vakr a. ‘early-waking, lively’;a name for Ó›inn in Gylf., Grímnismál , SnE 1848–87, II 473)
Valgar›r m. of Vƒllr (southern Iceland; so Fagrskinna 227, Hkr III91), Icelandic poet, 11th century 95/13, 97/20, 98/23, 105/10 (Hkr
III, Fagrskinna)
Valgautr m. a name of Ó›inn v17/2 (vocative) (SnE 1848–87, II 473, 556)
Valhƒll f. the hall of the slain, Ó›inn’s hall v7/6 (í Valhƒllu vera =die), v20/3, 20/33, 21/2, v109 n., 41/1, 23, Glossary under einherjar,
heimbo›, hƒll, salr (Gylf., PE, Hkr I 20, 193–4, Fagrskinna 77,
95, Skjƒldunga saga 69, Gísla saga 45 (see note), Njáls saga,
Hrólfs saga kraka, Hei›reks saga, Gautreks saga, Sturl. I 344,
374; cf. verse 253/1–2 and see under Svƒlnir and Glossary undersalpenningr)
Váli m. a god, a son of Ó›inn 1/10, 19/26, 30, 20/2 n., v429/4,
v432/6. Váli is the name of a son of Loki as well as of a son of

516

SkáldskaparmálÓ›inn in Gylf.; son of Ó›inn also in Vafﬂrú›nismál and Hyndluljó›,
and (as emendation) son of Ó›inn and Rindr in Baldrs draumar ;son of Loki in Vƒluspá 34 (Hauksbók only) and (as emendation)
in Lokasenna prose; also the name of a dwarf in Gylf. (in aquotation from Vƒluspá; Náli in PE ); cf. Áli
Valin f. a river v482/6
Valr m. a horse v325/3, v329/1 (SnE 1848–87, II 487; cf. valr (1),hrannvalr in Glossary)
Valskjálf f. a river v479/2
Ván f. a river (‘hope’) v479/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál, SnE 1848–87, II
432, Hkr III 242 (in a kenning for gold))
Vanabrú›r, Vana brú›r f. bride, lady of the Vanir, i. e. Freyja v149/2(gen. with dóttur, i. e. Hnoss, the precious gift), 44/24 (see Vanr;
cf. Vanadís in Gylf., go›brú›r in Glossary)
Vánargandr m. ‘hope-wand’ or ‘hope-wolf’ (cf. the river Ván above
and in Gylf. ch. 34), a name for Fenrir 19/36 (cf. Jƒrmungandr andhrótgandr (= fire), SnE 1848–87, II 486)
Vandill m. a sea-king v416/2 (Skj B I 177; cf. Færeyinga saga 1987,
43–4; Njáls saga 77–8); a giant v430/6 (cf. Dragvandill above andheinvandill in Glossary)
Vanr m. one of the Vanir, a race of gods; i. e. Njƒr›r 18/4, v59/6 (dat.
with una); i. e. Freyr 18/16 and note; pl. 3/13, 18/3, 16, 30/14,
44/24 (Gylf., PE, Hkr I 10–13, Vƒlsunga saga (Sigrdrífumál ); cf.
Vanabrú›r; also Vanadís in Gylf., vaningi in Glossary)Vár f. an Ásynja v93/1–4 n., v96/4 n., v434/5; in kenning for Ska›i,the huntress who lived in the mountains, ﬂrymseilar Vár v96/2(gen. with hval ) (Gylf., ﬁrymskvi›a; cf. Helrei› 2)
Var›rún f. a troll-wife v427/3 (Skj A I 352, v. 13)
Vartari m. a thong 43/10 (cf. Glossary; holtvartari is a kenning forsnake, ÍF I 239)
Vegsvinn f. a river v483/5 (Grímnismál ; cf. Veg and Svinn in Gylf.)
Veiga f. an island in the north of Norway (Vega, Vegenøy in Hålogaland; Veig SnE 1848–87, II 491) v313/1 ( frá Veigu = from the far
north; cf. Glossary under langr)
Vella f. a river v482/5
Vellekla f. a poem by Einarr Skálaglamm about Earl Hákon Sigur›arson v18 n., v25 n., v27–8 n., v34 n., v35 n., v197 n., v222 n.,v223 n., v227 n., v247 n. (Hkr I, Flb I 18, Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar 270; Skj A I 122–31)

Index of Names

517

Vendill m. a place in Jutland, see Glossary under heinvandill (Hkr I,
Ynglingatal 19 (Hkr I 55))
Verr m. a giant v430/3 (cf. under verúlfr and verr (1) in Glossary)
Verva›a f. a river v483/3
Véseti m. a berserk 58/32 (v. l. Vi›seti; cf. Jómsvíkinga saga, ¯rvarOdds saga, ﬁorsteins saga Víkingssonar)
Vésteinn m. legendary person v329/1
Vestri m. one of the dwarfs who hold up the sky (‘westerly’) 33/24(Gylf., Vƒluspá )Vet-Mímir m. a name for the sky 85/18 (‘winter-M.’?); a heaven (theeighth) v516/15 (see Glossary)
Vetr m. personification of winter 39/20, cf. Glossary (Gylf.,
Vafﬂrú›nismál )Vetrli›i m. (Sumarli›ason) Icelandic poet (d. 999) 17/14, v57 n.
(Landnámabók, Njáls saga, Hkr I, Kristni saga)
Véu›r m. a name for ﬁórr v428/8. Cf. Véorr in Vƒluspá 56, Hymiskvi›a; and cf. Har›véorr
Ví› f. a river (‘wide’) v479/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál)
Vi›arr or Ví›arr hinn ﬂƒgli m. a god 1/10, 19/23, 24/37, 30/10 n.,
40/36, son of Ó›inn v429/3, v432/5; equivalent of Eneas 6/27 (=Áli?) (Gylf., Lokasenna, Vafﬂrú›nismál, Grímnismál, Vƒluspá )Ví›bláinn m. a heaven v516/10 (Gylf., SnE 1848–87, II 485/29, 569;
cf. Glossary)Vi›blindi (or Ví›blindi?) m. a giant 63/13, v421/7; in kenning forwhale, giant’s boar: Vi›blinda gƒltr v201/2 (cf. Vi›blinda svín,
Edda Magnúsar Ólafssonar 351, Skj A II 150, v. 62)
Viddi m. a giant v430/5 (possibly a form of ví›ir, ‘sea’, and perhaps
a name for Ægir; see Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 79 n. andÁBM; cf. 39/14)
Ví›fe›mir m. a heaven v516/11 (SnE 1848–87, II 486; see Glossary)Ví›gymnir m. a giant; in kenning for ﬁórr, V. Vimrar va›s v56/1 (=enemy of the ford of Vimur? see note and Glossary under va›; cf.
ÁBM under Ví›gymnir )Vi›rir m. a name of Ó›inn 74/3; Vi›ris arfi = ﬁórr v42/1; Vi›risvƒndr = spear or sword v255/3 (see note); in kenning for poetry or apoem, Vi›ris munstrandar marr v350/2 (see Glossary under munstrƒnd); in kenning for warrior (He›inn?), Vi›rir Hve›ru brynju,
Vi›rir of the axe v254/2 (gen. with fyrir hƒnd) (Gylf., Ágrip 3
and Flb II 49, Lokasenna, Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I, ¯rvar-

518

Skáldskaparmál

Odds saga ; Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 185, 186 (Hƒfu›lausn))Vi›seti m. see Véseti
Vi›svƒl (or Ví›svƒl) f. a river v483/5 (written as two words in A(‘i› svƒl’); cf. Ví›, Svƒl in Gylf. and Grímnismál )Vi›urr m. a name of Ó›inn, in kenning for (the mead of) poetry,Vi›urs fengr v38/2, for poet v300b/2 (Gylf., Grímnismál, SnE
1848–87, II 472; Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 246 (Sonatorrek),
262 (Arinbjarnarkvi›a))Vifill m. legendary person v329/2 (or Vífill? cf. LP, ÁBM; Flb I 25,
26, Hrólfs saga kraka, Hálfs saga, ¯rvar-Odds saga, ﬁorsteinssaga Víkingssonar, Ragnars saga)
Víga-Glúmr m. Icelandic poet, 10th century 7/5, v3 n., 67/29 n.,
73/31, 91/19, Glossary under grindlogi (Víga-Glúms saga)
Vigg n. a horse v326/1 (SnE 1848–87, II 487; cf. vigg (= horse andship), viggr in Glossary)
Vígglƒ› f. a troll-wife v427/5. See víggla›r and vígglƒ› in Glossary
Vigr f. spear (Kormaks saga 295, see note) v464/2, see Glossary (ahorse (Vígr?) SnE 1848–87, II 487, 571, cf. viggr in Glossary)Vil (or Víl?) f. a river v482/5 (cf. SnE 1848–87, II 432, 515)
Vílir m. brother of Ó›inn v15/2 (Hkr I 12, 14, Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar 255 (Sonatorrek); cf. Vili in Gylf. and Lokasenna 26;
also Hkr I 29 (Ynglingatal ); there is a dwarf Víli in Vƒluspá )Vimur f. a river waded by ﬁórr (see p. 25) v55–6 n., v56/1 (gen. withva›s), 17/13, 25/3, v72/1 (vocative), v479/3, Glossary under dreyri,va›. Appears in ¯rvar-Odds saga (in a kenning for gold in a verse),
Hkr III 240 (in a kenning for ship in Einarr Skúlason’s poem about
Sigur›r Jórsalafari), SnE 1848–87, II 493 (again in a kenning for
ship, in an anonymous verse in A; Skj A I 652)
Vin (or Vín?) f. a river v482/5 (Gylf., Grímnismál )Vína f. the (Northern) Dvina v481/1, v482/4 (Gylf., Grímnismál,
Hálfs saga, ¯rvar-Odds saga, Sturlaugs saga starfsama, Heimsl‡singin Hauksbók 150, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 93, ÓH 349,
Fagrskinna 103, Hkr I 217 (Gráfeldardrápa); a mythical river inthe eddas, in historical sagas a river in Bjarmaland near the Whitesea (cf. D‡na); in Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 142 (cf. xliii)
perhaps the Wen in England, see Campbell 1938, 73–4)
Vindbláinn m. a heaven v516/4 (SnE 1848–87, II 486); cf. Ví›bláinn,and ví›bláinn in Glossary
Vindlér m. ‘wind-protector, one who provides protection from theIndex of Names

519

wind’ (cf. hlé n. ‘shelter’ and hlér in Glossary), a name for
Heimdallr 19/16, 108/8–9 n. (Háttatal)
Vindr m. a giant (‘wind’) v421/7. Cf. 39/13 and note, and Glossary;
Gylf. ch. 18; also a horse in SnE 1848–87, II 487
Vindsvalr m. a giant v421/3, father of winter 39/20, v138/2 (gen.
with mƒg, making a kenning for winter; see Glossary under mƒgr)(Gylf., Vafﬂrú›nismál ). Cf. Vindkaldr in Fjƒlsvinnsmál
Ving f. a river v479/4
Vingnir m. a giant 14/30 (reference to a myth?—but Vingnir is aname of Ó›inn in SnE 1848–87, II 472, and fóstri might mean son
here; cf. Gylf. Prologue ch. 9), v421/8; in kenning for troll-wife,
herja Vingnis v70/2 (or if herja means ‘attacker’, Vingnir could
mean ﬁórr here); Vingnis stjóri name of an ox; or perhaps forVingnir, stjóri two separate names for an ox? (thus A and B, seenote and Glossary under stjóri) v503/10. Vingnir seems to be aname for ﬁórr (though it could be for Ó›inn) in Gylf. ch. 53,
Vafﬂrú›nismál 51 (A), 53 (Codex Regius); cf. Vingenir in Gylf.
Prologue and Vinginer in Flb I 28, and Vingﬂórr below; also vingRƒgnir in Glossary
Vingrípr m. a giant v430/5
Vingﬂórr m. a name for ﬁórr v428/7 (ﬁrymskvi›a, Alvíssmál; cf.
Vingeﬂórr in Gylf. Prologue and Vingnir; also ving-Rƒgnir in
Glossary)
Vínhei›r f. site of a battle in England (Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar)
v140 n.
Vinnill m. a sea-king v416/1 (Skj A I 608 (Plácítúsdrápa 4))
Víparr m. a giant v421/3
Virfill m. a sea-king v416/1 (Hkr I 337, Grettis saga 185; cf. ÍF XIII
404–7; name of a horse in SnE 1848–87, II 487)
Volukrontes m. Greek hero 6/3, Glossary under kappi (Trójumannasaga 179 (Hauksbók version, p. 214); corresponds to Polypoetes
in Latin sources; see Faulkes 1978–9, 122)Væni n. a lake in Sweden (Lake Vänern; usually Vænir m.) 58/25,
v328–30 n. (Skjƒldunga saga and Ynglinga saga (Hkr I), but notin Hrólfs saga kraka; Flb I 22, 24, Af Upplendinga konungum(Hauksbók 456), Gautreks saga)Vƒ› f. a river v484/7 (cf. va› (‘ford’) in Glossary and Grímnismál 28, v. l.)Vƒggr m. legendary hero 58/7, 8, 11, 18, 21, Glossary under sveinn(Skjƒldunga saga, Hrólfs saga kraka)

520

SkáldskaparmálVƒlsungar m. pl. descendants of Vƒlsungr 103/10 t. n., 103/16;
generic pl., referring to Sigmundr (2), in kenning for poison,Vƒlsunga drekka v153/4 (gen. with hrøkkviáll); as a term forkings in general? Vƒlsunga ni›r (Óláfr kyrri?—there are however
links between the Vƒlsungs and Norse kings, cf. Flb I 26, Hauksbók
505–6) v407/3 (see note) (Gylf. Prologue, Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana
I, Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana II prose,Vƒlsunga saga, Flb I 22; cf.
Glossary under vƒlsungr)Vƒlsungr m. father of Sigmundr 46/21, 103/10, 15, 104/23 (Helgakvi›aHundingsbana II prose, PE 162 (prose), Hyndluljó›, Vƒlsungasaga, Flb I 26; see Glossary; in Reginsmál (cf. Norna-Gests ﬂáttr,Flb I 390) V. ungi seems to be used to denote Sigur›r (so also in
Sigur›arkvi›a in skamma), and is then perhaps the singular ofVƒlsungar; cf. 104/23, Skj A I 352, v. 16 and vƒlsungr in Glossary)Vƒlu-Steinn m. Icelandic poet (fl. c. 950) 13/25, v37 n., 86/21(Landnámabók)Vƒnd f. a river (‘difficult’; see vandr in Glossary) v481/2 (Grímnismál )Vƒr f. an Ásynja v434/4 (Gylf.; in f. names, e. g. Steinvƒr (Grettis
saga, Njáls saga etc.), cf. Leirvƒr, and some kennings, see ÍF VI
71, Skj A II 494, v. 15, and LP ; note also SnE 1848–87, II 490/1)
Vƒrnir m. a giant v431/1
Vƒttr m. a berserk 58/32 (Hrólfs saga kraka, cf. ¯rvar-Odds saga)
Vänern, Lake in Sweden, see VæniWain, constellation, see Vagn (2) and Glossary under vagn, vagnbraut
Yggdrasill m. a mythical ash tree, see verse 388 and Glossary underhasla (Vƒluspá, Grímnismál, Gylf.; nearly always called askr Yggdrasils)
Yggr m. a name of Ó›inn v12/4, v50/1 (gen. with árum), v308/4,
v432/3; in kenning for (the mead of) poetry, Yggs mjƒ›r v197/4(gen. with njóta; or with hljót, NN 410); in kenning for poetv300b/5 (see Glossary under ƒlberi); for ravens or eagles, Yggs
gƒgl v382/4 (Gylf., Háttatal, Vafﬂrú›nismál, Grímnismál, Hymiskvi›a, Fáfnismál, SnE 1848–87, II 473, Fagrskinna 113; common
in kennings, see LP )Ylfingar m. pl. legendary dynasty 103/13 (only in R; v. l. Ynglinga
UABC) (cf. Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I, II, Hyndluljó› ; cf. Wylfingas, Wilfingas, a Germanic tribe probably south of the Baltic inIndex of Names

521

Beowulf. Cf. Ylfingr in ¯rvar-Odds saga; Ylfingr is also the nameof a sword in Mírmanns saga and a term for a ruler in SnE
1848–87, II 469)
Ylgr f. a river v484/7 (Gylf., Grímnismál )Ymir m. a giant 6/13, v417/3; Ymis hold = earth 35/19, Ymis hauss= sky 33/23, v105/4 and note, Ymis bló› = sea 36/24, v123/2, orwater, see Glossary under snerribló› (in v79 ﬁorn (q. v.) may be
used to mean Ymir). See Gylf. ch. 8; also chs. 5 and 14 (where heis made equivalent to Aurgelmir and perhaps Bláinn), Vƒluspá(where he may also be called Brimir), Vafﬂrú›nismál, Grímnismál,
Hyndluljó› ; cf. Fri›ﬂjófs saga
Ymsi m. a giant; Ymsa kind = giants v74/7 (see Glossary under setr)
Yn f. a river v483/6, v484/5
Ynglingar m. pl. descendants of Yngvi 103/3 (cf. Glossary underynglingr, yngvi); of Yngvarr 103/14; cf. sg. 104/28 (Gylf. Prologue, Hkr I (Ynglinga saga), Skjƒldunga saga, Hyndluljó›, Gautrekssaga, Af Upplendinga konungum (Hauksbók 457); cf. Fagrskinna
60 (Haraldskvæ›i 4), SnE 1848–87, II 469)
Ynglingatal n. a poem by ﬁjó›ólfr (1) v5 n. (Hkr I, ÓH, Flb II 75,
Hauksbók 457, Skáldatal (SnE 1848–87, III 273); Skj A I 7–15)
Yngvarr m. ancestor of the Ynglingar (perhaps an error for Yngvi)
103/14 (cf. Hkr I 61–2)
Yngvi m. ancestor of the Ynglings, kings of Norway v7/4; Yngva ƒld
the people of Norway v21/3 (though their allvaldr is Earl Sigur›r
or Earl Hákon, neither of whom was descended from Yngvi; seenote) (Hkr I 24, Ynglingatal 7 (Hkr I 34), Íslendingabók 27,
Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 55, Reginsmál 14; cf. Yngvarr and105/5, SnE 1848–87, II 469, Hkr I 24, 34, TGT 103; Glossary
under ynglingr, yngvi); son of Hálfdan the old 103/3; a sea-kingv415/8 (Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 269: Yngvi altered to Ingvi);a name for Freyr Hkr I 24; son of Ó›inn (cf. Yngvi-Freyr) in Gylf.
Prologue (see Index of names), Skjƒldunga saga 3–4; the name ofvarious legendary kings and heroes: Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I
52 (son of Hringr), Skjƒldunga saga 15, 65–6, 73–4, son of Alrekr
Hkr I 40–46, descendant of Ó›inn Flb I 27; name of a dwarf inVƒluspáYngvi-Freyr m. a son of Ó›inn v429/7, v432/4 (cf. Ingifreyr, Skjƒldunga saga 39); sometimes taken as a name for Freyr, cf. Hkr I 4,
25, Af Upplendinga konungum (Hauksbók 457), Háleygjatal 13522

Skáldskaparmál(Hkr I 280); not in PE, but cf. Yngvi, Ingi-Freyr, Ingunar-Freyrand see note to verse 5
Yrsa f. mother and sister of Hrólfr kraki 58/23, 59/7, 19; see Glossary
under burr, heita, mágr; Yrsu sonr, Yrsu bur›r = Hrólfr v180/2,
v186/1 (gen. with ƒr›) (Hkr I 56–7, Skjƒldunga saga, Hrólfs saga
kraka)†sa f. a river v479/4 (also = haddock)
Ysja f. a river v480/2 (also a word for fire, SnE 1848–87, II 486)
ﬁangbrandr m. German missionary priest v8 n. (Íslendingabók, Kristni
saga, Njáls saga)
ﬁegn m. legendary hero (unless the word is a common noun here,
see Glossary) v326/3 (obj. of bera). Cf. Rígsﬂula, Áns saga bógsveigis
ﬁengill m. son of Hálfdan gamli 101/19 (Flb I 25). Cf. Glossary and
TGT 103, SnE 1848–87, II 469, Helgakvi›a Hundingsbana I 22,
Grípisspá 25, 41, Atlakvi›a 33, Orkneyinga saga 14
ﬁistilbar›i m. a giant v418/8
ﬁjálfi m. ﬁórr’s servant 14/29, v44/3 (gen. with steinn), 21/30, 31,
22/5, 6, v75/2 n., v81/4 (subj. of kom), v82/7 (gen. with steinn),
Glossary under brautarli›, fall, hapt (cf. Hapt in Index), hersir,
hylri›i, li›hati, sifuni, sókn, sƒgn (2) (Gylf., Hárbar›sljó›)
ﬁjazi m. a giant 2/4, 13, 15, 22, 24, 37, 38, 3/5, 4/39 t. n., v24 n.,v65–71 n., 30/20, v92/8 (gen. with far, parallel to tíva ﬂriggja),v99/8 n., v110 n., v167/3, v417/4, Glossary under áttrunnr, bi›ill,
byrgit‡r, dólgr, fa›ir, fjallgyl›ir, fjƒ›r, fóstri (1), grjót-Ní›u›r,
leikbla›, málunautr, már, margspakr, nagr, ósvifrandi, reginn, reimu›r,sonr, tálhreinn, tormi›la›r, úlfr, ving-Rƒgnir, vƒgn, vƒllr, ﬂegn,
ƒndurdís, ƒndurgu›; in kenning for gold, ﬁjaza ﬂingskil v190/3(Gylf., Hárbar›sljó›, Lokasenna, Grímnismál, Hyndluljó›, Gríms
saga lo›inkinna, Kormakr’s Sigur›ardrápa (Hkr I 168))ﬁjó› f. = Thy in Jutland 46/20 (Hkr III 114–5, Fagrskinna 256, 258)
ﬁjó›numa f. a river v483/6 (Gylf., Grímnismál)ﬁjó›ólfr (1) inn hvinverski m. Norwegian poet, 9th century (seehvinverskr in Glossary) 8/12, v9 n., 22/33, 30/22, 34/8, 84/24,
v324 n.(?), 92/12, v342 n. (Gylf., where a verse is attributed tohim in error, cf. 8/12 above and note to verse 9; Hkr I, Fagrskinna
67, cf. 59 n.). See Fidjestøl 1997, 68–92
ﬁjó›ólfr (2) Arnórsson m. Icelandic poet, 11th century 36/9, v120 n.,

Index of Names

523

36/19, 60/1, v236 n., v324 n.(?), 79/5, 82/7, 85/23, 87/10, 90/29,
100/13, 101/5, 104/15, v405 n. (Hkr III, Fagrskinna)ﬁjól f. ?a river in Jutland; nes ﬁjólar = ﬁjólarnes n. (unidentified,but by the Gudenå, Jutland, according to Fms XII 374, though it
is unlikely to be connected with modern Tjele; see Viborg Amts Stednavne 1948, 150–51) v400 n. (the phrase may belong with lines
1–2 of the verse, so that line 3 and the rest of line 4 is a parenthesis)ﬁórálfr m. Icelandic poet v22 n.; see ﬁórólfr
ﬁórarinn m. loftunga, Icelandic poet, 11th century v200 n., Glossary
under tøgdrápa (Hkr II, ÓH, Fagrskinna, Kn‡tlinga saga)ﬁorbjƒrn (1) dísarskáld m. Icelandic poet, 10th or 11th century 16/8,
17/19, 76/17; see Glossary under dísarskáld and cf. v50 n., v267 n.
ﬁorbjƒrn (2) hornklofi m. v9 n.; see Hornklofi
ﬁór›r (1) Kolbeinsson m. Icelandic poet, 11th century 84/8, 86/11,
88/14, v324 n. (Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa, Kn‡tlinga saga, Hkr
II, ÓH, Landnámabók, Grettis saga, Gunnlaugs saga)ﬁór›r (2) mauraskáld m. Icelandic poet, probably 11th century 62/9
ﬁór›r (3) Sjáreksson m. Icelandic poet, 11th century 18/5, 74/25,
v375 n. (Hkr I 187 and note, II 281, ÓH, ÓTM II 322–3, Fagrskinna)ﬁorfinnr Sigur›arson m. earl of Orkney (d. c. 1064) v1 n., v106 n.,
79/21, 82/27, Glossary under gramr, harri, jarl, kind, konungr,óvæginn, sessi, tiggi, ﬂengill, ættbœtir (Orkneyinga saga, Hkr
II, ÓH, Fagrskinna)ﬁorfinnsdrápa f. a poem by Arnórr jarlaskáld about Earl ﬁorfinnr
v1 n., v105 n., v106 n., v282 n., v290 n., v297–8 n. (Orkneyinga
saga 46; Skj A I 343–8)
ﬁorger›r Hƒlgabrú›r f. daughter of King Hƒlgi 60/11 (see Hƒlgabrú›r)(Jómsvíkinga saga 1962 (see Appendix III there); also appears(sometimes as Hƒlda-, Hƒrga- or Hƒr›abrú›r) in Njáls saga 214,
Flb I 453–4, Færeyinga saga 1987, 49, ﬁorleifs ﬂáttr jarlsskálds(ÍF IX 225), Har›ar saga 51–2; cf. ﬁorger›r Hƒrgatrƒll in Ketils
saga hœngs)ﬁorgrímsﬂula f. a poetical list of names of animals 88/19, v325–7 n.,
90/3 (this ﬁorgrímr’s identity is unknown)ﬁorkell hamarskáld m. Icelandic poet (fl. c. 1100) 104/23, v407 n.
(Hkr III, Fagrskinna, Morkinskinna 279 etc., Flb IV 179)
ﬁorleifr m. (1) fagri, Icelandic poet, 11th century 61/16, 62/24 v. l.
(T), 95/28; probably for ﬁorleikr fagri (95/28 v. l. (ABT)), though
since the spelling occurs twice it is unlikely to be just a scribal

524

Skáldskaparmál

error; Fagrskinna also (once, p. 253) has the name as ﬁorleifr; seenote to v191
ﬁorleifr m. (2) (inn spaki) Norwegian, son of Hƒr›a-Kári, giver ofthe shield described in Haustlƒng, see note to verses 65–71 (fl.
c. 900 or perhaps first half of 10th century) v71/8, v92/4, v104/8,
Glossary under bƒrr (Íslendingabók, Landnámabók, ﬁór›ar saga
hre›u 229–31, Ágrip, Fagrskinna, Hkr I 163, ÓTM I 30, 312 andﬁorsteins ﬂáttr uxafóts, ÍF XIII 341)
ﬁorleikr fagri m. Icelandic poet, 11th century v191 n., 62/24, 95/28 t. n.
(Hkr III, Fagrskinna, Kn‡tlinga saga). See also ﬁorleifr fagri
ﬁorn m. a giant v79/5–8 n., v85 n.; ﬁorns ni›jar = giants v74/4; asa common noun in kenning for water, ﬁorns svíra snerribló›
v79/6 (cf. Gylf. ch. 8: equivalent of Ymis bló› ); ﬁornrann = giantdwelling (see Glossary), Geirrø›argar›ar v85/2 (acc. with í ) (alsothe name for the letter ﬂ (SnE 1848–87, II 365, FGT 242, SGT 56),of which the corresponding runic symbol is called ﬂurs, also aword for giant (cf. Skírnismál 36; hrímﬂurs and ﬂorn in Glossary)ﬁórólfr m. (1) (or ﬁórálfr (W and B); ﬁorvaldr in U) Icelandic poet,probably 11th century 10/29, v22 n.
ﬁórólfr m. (2) Skallagrímsson: Glossary under tannlitu›r (Egils
saga Skalla-Grímssonar, Landnámabók)ﬁórr m. a god 1/9 (spelt here Thor), 5/19, 5/24 n., 6/14 (here =Hector, see Ektor), 6/25 (equivalent of Jupiter, cf. Trójumannasaga 1963, 209, 229), 6/32 n., v8 n., v24 n., 14/25, v42 n., v43 n.,
v44/3 (gen. with steinn), v45–7 n., v48 n., v49 n., v50/1 and note,
v51 n., v52 n., v55–6 n., 17/13, v57 n., 19/31, 20/19, 31 and note,
37, 21/4, 5, 13, 17, 18, 22, 27, 30, 32, 37, 22/2 (dat. of respect),4 (dat. of respect), 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 18, 20 (here spelt Tror), 22, 27,
28, 31, 32, v65–71 n., 24/17, 19, 35, 36, 25/1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 15, 20,
21, 22, 27 n., 28, 29, 30, 32, v73–91 n., v74/1 n., v74/2 (subj. of
lét ; a dissyllabic form ﬁóarr or ﬁonarr would improve themetre), v75/2 n., v76 n., v79/5–8 n., v79/6 v. l., v81/1–4 n.,
v82/5–6 n., v82/7 (gen. with steinn), v84/5–8 n., v85 n., v90/3–4 n.,
5–8 n., 30/17, 35/19, 41/30, 42/20, 30, 43/3, v153 n., v210 n.,v301/4, v366 n., v366/4, v428/1 (and t. n.), v429/5, v432/3; ﬁórsrúni = Loki v99/5; Glossary under aldrminkandi, angrﬂjófr, barmi,
bauti, bi›kván, bló›i, brag›mildr, brjótr, bró›ir, burr, bƒlkveitir,dólgr, eirfjar›r, eykr, fa›ir, fangbo›i, fellir, fjall-Gautr, fjƒllami,fjƒrnet, fjƒrspillir, forn, funhristir, gar›venju›r, ge›reynir,

Index of Names

525

gjar›venju›r, gljúfrskeljungr, gramr (1) and (2), grand, grund,gulli, gunnr, hafr, hallland, haussprengir, herblótinn, her›ir,
hersir, herﬂruma, himinsjóli, hlƒ›r, hneitir, hofregin, hra›skyndir,
hregg, húfstjóri, hylri›i, hœlibƒl, járngreipr, jƒr›, jƒtunn, karmr,
kneyfir, konr, langvinr, li›fastr, li›hati, mágr, mantælir, me›,megindráttr, nau›r, njar›gjƒr›, njótr, ótti, rei›it‡r, reynir(2), ríkr, rúni, sár (1), sifuni, sinnir, skaun, sonr, steypir, støkkvir,
sundrkljúfr, sunr, sveinn, sviptir, sƒgn (2), tollurr, trƒll, tvívi›r,t‡r, va›, váfrei›, vaxa, vegﬂverrir, væna, ﬂrámó›nir, ﬂrøngvir,
ﬂverrir, œgir, œsa. Cf. Aldafƒ›r, Ásabragr, Ásaﬂórr, Atli (2),
Baldr, Bilskirnir, Bjƒrn, Búseyra, Eindri›i, Ektor, Ennilangr, Fjƒrgyn,
Gautr, Gjálp, Har›véorr, Hengjankjapta, Hlóra, Hlórri›i, Hlƒ›yn,
Hrungnir, Hyrrokkin, I›i, Járnsaxa, Jólnir, Jƒr›, Keila, Kjallandi,
Lei›i, Leikn, Litr, Loki, Lútr, Magni, Meili, Mjƒllnir, Mó›i, Ó›inn,Rei›art‡r, Rymr, Sif, Starka›r, Svívƒr, Sƒnnungr, Tanngnjóstr,Tanngrísnir, Tror, T‡r, Ullr, Véu›r, Ví›gymnir, Vi›rir, Vimur, Vingnir,
Vingﬂórr, ﬁjálfi, ﬁrívaldi, ﬁrú›r, ﬁrú›vangar, ﬁrƒng, ¯flugbar›i,¯kuﬂórr; Gylf. (and Prologue), PE, Skjƒldunga saga, Flb I 28,
313; referred to widely in Íslendingasögur and fornaldarsögurﬁórsdrápa f. a poem by Eilífr Gu›rúnarson v44 n., 25/35, v73–91 n.
(Skj A I 148–52)
ﬁorsteinn m. (1) the subject of Refr’s poem v30/2 and note, v216/4(dat. with bjó›a), v264/4 (dat. with hl‡ddi ), Glossary under bƒrr,runnr; he may be the son of Snorri go›i who is mentioned inLandnámabók and Eyrbyggja sagaﬁorsteinn m. (2) Egilsson (Skalla-Grímssonar) v202 n., Glossary
under runnr (Gunnlaugs saga, Íslendingabók, Landnámabók, Egils
saga Skalla-Grímssonar )ﬁorvaldr blƒnduskáld m. Icelandic poet, 12th century 11/20, 62/27,
80/16. See Finnur Jónsson 1920–24, II 72, and note to verse 199;and cf. ﬁórólfr (1) and note to verse 22
ﬁrándheimr m. Trøndelag, district in Norway v139/2 (Hkr, Fagrskinna)ﬁrándr (or ﬁróndr) m. a boar v513/8 (‘thriving’; the name of characters in Skjƒldunga saga, Flb I 23, 30 (Eiríks saga ví›fƒrla), Fas
IV 247, ÓTM I 35, II 206; see Glossary)ﬁri›i m. ‘Third’, a name of Ó›inn, in kenning for the land of
Norway v10/4, v383 n.; elliptical gen. frá ﬁri›ja from ﬁri›i’s, i. e.
from Ásgar›r v74/8 (Gylf., Grímnismál, Ágrip, Flb II 49–50, SnE
1848–87, II 472)

526

Skáldskaparmálﬁrígeitir m. a giant v418/6
ﬁrívaldi m. a giant killed by ﬁórr 14/29, v52/2 (gen. (or dat., NN
220) with níu hƒf›a), v57/2, v419/2 (v. l. ﬁrífaldi)ﬁrú›gelmir m. a giant v418/7 (Vafﬂrú›nismál 29)
ﬁrú›r f. an Ásynja, daughter of ﬁórr and Sif 14/26, v45/4, 30/18,
v434/7; ﬁrú›ar ﬂjófr = Hrungnir, in kenning for shield, ilja bla›ﬁrú›ar ﬂjófs v237/3 (cf. ch. 17 and v88/7; the story of the theft ofﬁrú›r has not been preserved, see Frank 1978, 113–14); in kenningfor woman v360/2 (see Lofn above and gæi-ﬁrú›r in Glossary);in kenning for Hildr Hƒgnadóttir, sú bœti-ﬁrú›r dreyrugra benja
v251/2 (see bœti-ﬁrú›r in Glossary); in kenning for ﬁórr, ﬂrámó›nir
ﬁrú›ar v88/7 (see ﬂrámó›nir in Glossary) (name of a valkyrie in
Gylf. (Grímnismál 36), SnE 1848–87, II 490, cf. II 489)
ﬁrú›vangar m. pl. (‘might-plains’) ﬁórr’s home 22/20 (Gylf.; cf.
ﬁrú›heimr in Grímnismál and Gylf. Prologue; at 2/5 above ﬁrú›heimr appears in U instead of ﬁrymheimr)
ﬁruma f. name of two or more Norwegian islands (SnE 1848–87, II
492; cf. Einarr Skúlason’s verses in Edda Magnúsar Ólafssonar267); see ﬂruma (2) in Glossary
ﬁrungra f. a name for Freyja v435/4 (v. l. ﬁungra (ABC); perhaps
for ﬁrungva; cf. ﬁrƒng)ﬁrym f. a river v481/3
ﬁrymheimr m. the mountain home of the giant ﬁjazi 2/5 (Gylf.,
Grímnismál ; see ﬁrú›vangar)
ﬁrymr m. a giant v418/7, Glossary under simblir (cf. note to verse
52) (ﬁrymskvi›a; cf. Flb I 23, 24; see Glossary under ﬂrymr)ﬁrƒng f. a name for Freyja; in kenning for ﬁórr, langvinr ﬁrƒngvar
v88/4 (ﬁrungvar v. l., but ƒ is required for the rhyme; cf. Hreinn
Benediktsson 1963). Cf. ﬁrungra
ﬁundr m. a name of Ó›inn, in kenning for (the mead of) poetry,fundr ﬁundar v37/2 (Gylf., Háttatal, Hávamál, Grímnismál ; cf.
ﬁrundr, SnE 1848–87, II 472, 556)
ﬁura f. name for an arrow v466/7–8 n. (see Glossary)ﬁurbƒr› f. a troll-wife v427/5
ﬁurnir m. a giant; used as a common noun (= Geirrø›r) v89/4 (gen.
with hƒll, or with fletbjarnar? or with hƒf›i if Hei›reks goes withhƒll). DD reads ﬁúrnis as a dwarf-name, Hei›reks ﬁúrnis veggjar= H. of rock, i. e. giant; but ﬁúrnir (or ﬁurnir) is as likely to beanother giant-name. Cf. ﬂyrnir m. ‘thorn’ and ﬁorn above. W andIndex of Names

527

T have ﬁrasis (perhaps a common noun meaning ‘stormer’; cf.
ﬁrasnes in Vƒlsunga saga (= ﬁórsnes in Helgakvi›a HundingsbanaI 40), Orkneyinga saga 211 (see note there); ﬁrasir is a dwarf in SnE
1848–87, II 470. Cf. Dólgﬂrasir in Vƒluspá and ƒrﬂrasir in Glossary)ﬁvinnill m. a sea-king v415/7 (Njáls saga 266)
ﬁyn f. a river (the Tyne?) v480/1 (Gylf., Grímnismál ; in a kenningfor gold in Njáls saga 473)ﬁƒgn f. a valkyrie, see Glossary under herﬂƒgn (SnE 1848–87, II
490; in a kenning for woman in Gísla saga 48)
ﬁƒll f. a river v480/2 (Gylf., Grímnismál ; see ÁBM)Ægir m. a giant v421/6, personification of the ocean 1/1–2 t. n., 1/2,
11, 14, 15, 37 n., 2/38, 3/9, 10, 4/6, 5/9, 12, 14/30 n., 20/18 andnote, 24/17, 17–19 n., 37/18, 39/13–15 n., 39/14, 18, 40/27, 32,
33, 38, 41/2, 4, 8, 10, 95/2, Glossary under heimsœkir; Ægis dœtrthe waves (cf. Hei›reks saga verses 62–4; Helgakvi›a HundingsbanaI 29) 36/25, 25–6 n., 27, v125/2 (obj. of ófu ok teyg›u, see dóttir
in Glossary), 41/8, 95/7, v412–517 n., v475–8 n., Glossary underbára, brú›r, dóttir, ekkja, eylú›r, u›r; í Ægis kjƒpta (kjapta)
into the jaws of the sea, i. e. under the waves v126/3 and v347/3(Hymiskvi›a, Grímnismál, Lokasenna, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar249 (Sonatorrek 8), Orkneyinga saga 3, Hei›reks saga, Fri›ﬂjófs
saga, SnE 1848–87, II 486 (Ægis bró›ir = fire, cf. 39/18)). Cf.
Hlér, Gymir and ægir in GlossaryÆsir m. pl. (see Áss), a race of gods 1/2 n., 1–2 t. n., 4, 8, 9–11 n.,
15, 16, 37 n., 2/6, 7, 16, 20, 22, 25, 26, 31, 35, 3/23, 4/7, 5/1, 6,
8, 19, 34, 38, 6/12, 15, 20, v24 n., 19/25, 27, 20/3, 29, 36, 21/2,
22/7, 30/11, 20, 21, v93/5 (subj. of báru), v96/7 (gen. with ósvifrandi),
v100/3 (gen. with ellilyf ), 40/15, 30, 34, 41/6, 42/19, 45/3, 11, 15,
17, 46/6, 113/17, v432/2 and t. n., Glossary under árr, eiga, ellilyf,
firar, hrœrir, setja, snotr, sƒgn (2), vanr (1), víkingr; acc. pl.
Ásu 33/21; in kenning for I›unn, Ása leika v103/2 (see leika (1)in Glossary); for the mead of poetry, Ása mjƒ›r 11/27 (Gylf., PE,Skjƒldunga saga, Landnámabók 238–9, Flb I 27, 28, ÓTM I 305,
ÓH 261, ÍF XIII 171–2, Vƒlsunga saga, Sƒrla ﬂáttr, Bósa saga
312, Sƒrla saga sterka 369; cf. Ásíámenn in Skjƒldunga saga 39)¯›lingar m. pl. (written with av or ◊) descendants of Au›i 103/3,
12; sg. v401/1 (cf. ‘davg’, ‘Davg-’ for dƒg-, Dƒg- v312/2, v400/1)

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Skáldskaparmál(Hyndluljó›, Flb I 22, 26; cf. Atlakvi›a 40; see ƒ›lingr in Glossary)¯flugbar›a f. a troll-wife v426/1¯flugbar›i m. a giant, in kenning for ﬁórr, œgir ¯flugbar›a v48/3¯gló n. an area in Trøndelag, Norway (Skatval, Stjørdal) v5/8,
v278/4 (Ágrip (Hƒkló), Fagrskinna, Hkr I, ÓH )¯gmundr m. son of Vƒlu-Steinn v37 n., v315 n. (Landnámabók)¯gn f. a river: see Ógn¯kuﬂórr m. ‘driving ﬁórr’, a name of ﬁórr (with reference to hisgoats and chariot, cf. aka in Glossary) 6/1, 5, 13, 15, 26 (Gylf.)¯lrø›arnautr m. a sword v461/2 (see Falk 1914, 57). Cf. nautr (2)in Glossary; ¯lrø›(r) is unknown¯lvaldi m. a giant 3/1 (Allvaldi in Hárbar›sljó› 19)¯lvir hnúfa m. Norwegian poet, 9th century (see ÍF II 3–4 n., XIII
226) 15/3, v43 n. (Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar)¯lvismál n. pl. = Alvíssmál, Alsvinnsmál (2) 99/8 t. n., v380 n.
¯nundr (Jákob) Óláfsson m. king of Sweden (d. c. 1050) v217 n.,
Glossary under jƒfurr (Hkr II, ÓH, Fagrskinna)¯rmt f. a river (the Armet in Scotland according to Cleasby and
Vigfusson 1957, 780) v484/3 (Gylf., Grímnismál)¯sgrúi m. a giant v421/1¯skru›r m. a giant v420/5 (Egils saga einhenda)