日独シンポジウム「地方創生ためのチャンスとして温暖化対策 ―日本とドイツにおける再生可能エネルギー」
パネルディスカッションが「持続可能な地方行政に向けてのステークホルダーの関係」

農山村の持続可能な地域づくり－高千穂郷・椎葉山地域におけるバイオマスビレッジへの展望－
2015年10月5日

大和田順子
一般社団法人ロハス・ビジネス・アライアンス 共同代表

大和田順子自己紹介

 東急百貨店マーケティング部、東急総合研究所生活行動研究室研究員、ザ・ボディショップ（イオンフォレスト）コミュニケーション部長・販促部長、イースクエアマーケティングディレクター等を経て2006年独立。

 2002年に日本にLOHAS（ロハス）を紹介。宮城県大崎市、福島県いわき市、埼玉県小川町など、全国各地で有機農業や生物多様性、再生可能エネルギーを活かしたサステナブルな地域づくりに参画。企業と農山村をつなぐＣＳ
Ｒ・ＣＳＶ活動にも注力 環境カウンセラー／消費生活アドバイザー／総務省

地域資源・事業化支援
アドバイザー／世界農業遺産 専門家会議委員／農水省バイオマス専門家会議委員

再生可能エネルギー関連
市民が主体の、地域の資源を活用した再エネ地域づくり
地域内容

活用事業・関わり

宮城県大崎市・蕪栗沼 葦ペレット製造・利用

2011年～総務省緑の分権改革調査事業 アドバイザー

福島県いわき市

・市民による再エネ導入：市民主体の法人「いわきおてんとSUN企業組合」設立
・太陽光発電（ソーラーシェア含む）50kw
・再エネ普及啓発：再エネ電源車「おてんと号」

2012年～総務省緑の分権改革調査事業
アドバイザー

岩手県紫波町・市民による「里エネ紫波」ネットワーク設立
オガールタウンへのバイオマス熱供給、町内での分散型１M太陽光（サステナジー社）

2014年～W-BRIDGE委
託研究アドバイザー

長野県池田町

カミツレの里 バイオマスボイラー導入「ハーバルヘルスツーリズム」

2013年～長野県、池田町
地方創生交付金アドバイザー

全国

2013年～14年 「まちエネ大学」

資源エネルギー庁、講師＜委員会（2015年度）＞
滋賀県：「新しいエネルギー社会づくりを考える懇話会」委員
農水省：「バイオマス活用推進専門家会議」委員

日本が直面する逆境
 人口減少 過疎、高齢化
 耕作放棄地の増大

 森林の荒廃
 獣害
 低い木材自給率
 低い食糧自給率
 低いエネルギー自給率

 進む都市集中 進む気候変動

Revitalization of Rural Areas  Shift to a Sustainable Society
Oil-dependent mass-production and mass-consumption
economy and society

Creation of “satoyama community economy” with afocus on natural energy, regional resources, and local
production

Source: In Transition 2.0: a story of resilience and hope in extraordinary times, Transition Network (U.K.)

6

Key to Revitalization of Rural Areas – Creation of Economic Schemesfor Ensuring a Circular Flow in Local Communities

Current Situation

After the Reforms
Large cityOverseas
Large-scale energy supply…

Large city
Overseas
Large-scale energy supply…

“Greendecentralizationreforms”

Co-existence

PeopleResources

Growth through the local community’s capabilities tosupport themselves and create wealth

PeopleLocalcommunity

Money

Money

Outflow

Local community

History
Tradition
CultureFood

Cleanenergy(Shift to a society of decentralization and independence, local
produce and local consumption, and low carbon)
Concept of the green decentralization reforms research projectby the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

7Lifestyles with Consideration for Health and Sustainability
LOHAS: Lifestyles Of Health And Sustainability

People’shealthLocalcommunity’s
health<Consideration for three items>
Consideration for the
next generation
Consideration fordeveloping countries
Consideration forother animals and plants

The earth’s
healthLOHASLOHAS LIFESTYLE 2<Eating>• Domestic production (local production and localconsumption)• Organically grown produce• Additive-free foods• Macrobiotic• Food mileage & water mileage<Wearing>• Organic cotton, bamboo cloth, corn
• Reuse & recycling• Organic cosmetics<Living>• Houses made of natural materials & low-energy houses• Use of solar power, wind power, biomass (firewood &pellets), and rainwater• Domestically grown materials• Kitchen gardens

9

LOHAS LIFESTYLE 2<Sightseeing & Tourism>• Appreciating the magnificence of nature with thefive senses• Green tourism• Forests & biodiversity• Local seasonal foodstuffs and seasonal views• Pleasure of study, interaction, and creation<Mental and Physical Health>Yoga & meditation<Alternative Medicine>
Herbal medicine, traditional
Chinese medicine, traditional
Chinese breathing exercises
Homeopathy
Ayurveda
Aromatherapy
Acupuncture & osteopathyForest therapy, etc.
<Integrative Medicine>10

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY
Sustainable Economy and Society• High-level food sufficiency• High-level energy sufficiency: natural (renewable) energy• Urban planning: sustainable city, compact city, smart city
• Transportation: public transportation, car sharing, bicycle use• Architecture: green building• Investment: social responsibility investment (SRI), investment
by citizens, and more

Copyright (c) 2011 Owada Junko All Rights Reserved.

11

Globally Important AgriculturalHeritage Systems (GIAHS)

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
This is a project launched in 2002 by the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) of the United Nations.
Thirty-one areas in 13 countries in the world are certified (as of June 2014).

Behind the establishment of the systems is the fact that excessive emphasis on
productivity as a result of the progress of modern farming has generated
environmental problems around the world, such as deforestation and waterpollution, and has also led to the destruction of distinctive local cultures,
scenery, biodiversity, and other characteristics.

The purpose of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage lies in systematic
maintenance and preservation of a “local system,” which consists of 1)
traditional farming practices and methods, 2) land use with biodiversity beingpreserved, and 3) rural culture and scenery, all of which are now being lost in
the progress of modernization, but should be protected through the full use of
the environment of respective land, and entrusting of the local system to thenext generation.

・国連食糧農業機関（FAO）が平成14年（2002年）から開始したプロジェクト。
次世代に継承すべき伝統的な農林業の「システム」を認定し、その保全と持続的な利用を図るもの。（農林業そのものだけでなく、それによって生み出された景観や生物多様性、文化なども含む）
31

¥
Sado’s satoyama in harmony withcrested ibis,
Japan
In Sado, Niigata Prefecture, there are paddy fields,
including terraced ones, developed through the history ofgold mines. In such fields, winter-time lake irrigation andother farming methods for nurturing living things arepromoted. In addition, Sado City has launched acertification system regarding such farming methods.
Moreover, these farming methods have ties with thedevelopment of various forms of farming culture, such asnoh performances and onidaiko drum playing, enabling
the preservation of Sado’s unique nature, scenery, cultureand biodiversity.

Kunisaki Peninsula Usa Integrated Forestry,Agriculture and Fisheries System,Japan

Featuring beautiful farming scenery, Noto, Ishikawa
Prefecture, has inherited excellent scenery of satoyama
containing terraced fields and reservoirs, and traditional
skills utilizing satoumi resources, such as catching shellfish
and fish by female divers and salt production using brine
pumped up out of the ocean. In addition, the area has richcustoms and culture tied with farming, such as Aenokoto
and the Kiriko Festival.

In and around Kakegawa, Shizuoka Prefecture, farmers
are engaged in a traditional farming method using
chagusaba. In this system, chagusa (dried grass) fromchagusaba (fields of Japanese pampas grass or otherplants) near tea fields is used to enrich the soil of the tea
fields. While enhancing the quality of the tea leaves, thesystem contributes to the preservation of biodiversity
unique to such semi-natural grasslands.

In Aso, Kumamoto Prefecture, there is a more than 1,000year-old tradition of noyaki (field burning). This grassland
management method prevents excessive growth ofplants, while securing grass resources necessary forgrowing akaushi cattle. Thus, the sustainable agriculture
contributes to the maintenance of the magnificent naturalscenery.

Usa, Kunisaki Peninsula of Oita Prefecture, is Japan’slargest producer of dried shiitake mushrooms cultivated onwithered tree logs, as well as being Japan’s only place
where there is a combination of paddy rice farming andChinese-mat-grass growing. Thus, in the area, residents
are engaged in a wide variety of forms of agriculture,
forestry, and fisheries, which are sustainably maintainedby the country’s largest Japanese chestnut oak forest andreservoirs linked with the forest.

China

Wannian Traditional RiceSystem,
China
More than 1,000-year-old system inwhich the Dong tribe grows fish andducks, in addition to a wide variety ofagricultural produce, in paddy fields

Sites certified as
GloballyImportant
AgriculturalHeritages
31 sites in total
April 2014
Kuttanad Below Sea Level

Cattle Breeding by the Maasai
Tribe

Tanzania/Kenya
The Maasai-Dabado tribe’s cattle breeding system based on theirlong-established customs and traditional knowledge handed down tothe natives

Aohan Dryland Farming

Dong’s Rice Fish DuckCulture,
China
System in which native rice is grown
and the area’s traditional rice culture
has been handed down

Farming System,
India
System in which people grow riceand other crops in paddy fields onland below sea level, while they arealso engaged in fisheries

Kuaijishan Ancient
Chinese Torreya,
China
About 2,000-year-old system forplanting Chinese Torreya, usinggrafting skills, in order to obtain highquality fruits

About 2,000-year-old system inwhich rice fish protect paddy fields
from harmful insects and weeds, andalso serve as alternative fertilizer,
food, and a source of income

Pu’er Traditional TeaAgrosystem,
China
System in which tea plants are
nurtured for more than 1,800 years inthis tea production area and theancient tea culture has been
inheritedManaging Aso Grasslands for
Sustainable Agriculture,Japan

Rice-fish Culture,

Xuanhua Traditional
Vineyard System,
China
More than 1,300-year-old urban
agricultural system in which grapes,
the area’s specialty, are cultivated inhousehold gardens

Traditional tea-grass integrated system in
Shizuoka (Local name: Chagusaba), Japan

GIAHS Cases

Ifugao Rice Terraces,Philippines
The Ifugao tribe’s terraced-fieldsystem through the cultivation of apaddy-rice species resistant to thesevere environment of land 1,000 m
above sea level, as well as a skillful
irrigation method

Noto’s Satoyama and Satoumi, Japan

6 sites in Africa

Shimbwe Juu Kihamba Agroforestry Heritage Site, Tanzania
System in which a wide variety ofitems, such as coffee and food crops,
are grown together with bananas,
and also trees used as lumber

23 sitesin Asia
23

2 sites in SouthAmericaOases System in the Atlas
Oases of the Maghreb,

Tunisia and Algeria

System in which a wide variety of fruits and vegetables are producedin the oases that have been maintained for a few thousand years inthe severe environment of the Maghreb region

Mountains,
Morocco
System in which a wide variety oftrees and crops are grown in theoases established by the native
Pelupelu tribe in the Atlas Mountains

System,China
A dryland farming system in whichfoxtail millets and common millets aregrown, and Chinese ancient farming
practices are connected with thegrassland culture

Hani Rice Terraces, China
Rice terrace system established in
the mountain village of the Hani tribe
and maintained through the use of
the forest and a unique irrigation
system

Traditional Agriculture

Saffron Heritage ofSystems, Koraput,
India
Systems in which many ethnic
minorities live primitive agricultural
lives, and a wide variety of species ofrice and indigenous plants are grown

Kashmir,
India
More than 2,500-year-old systemthat 17,000 households still use forgrowing indigenous saffron

Andean Agriculture,

Peru

System in which ditches areconstructed around potato fields
4,000 m above sea level, and water
is heated by sunlight, and the heatedwater is flown into the fields during
the nighttime

Chiloé Agriculture,

Chile

System in which about 200 varietiesof indigenous potatoes are grown
based on ancestral practices
transmitted orally by native people,
mostly womenFive Domestic Sites Certified as GIAHS
Area

Agriculture, forestry,
fisheries method

Biodiversity

Culture and festival

Scenery

Major agricultural
produce

Sado

Farming method for
nurturing living things

Crested ibis andliving things interraced fields

Noh performancesand onidaiko drum
playing

Terraced fields

Rice

NotoHaza-hoshi rice
dryingCatching shellfishand fish by malediversLiving things interraced fields

Aenokoto, an
agricultural ritualSenmai terraced
fields and archetypal
images ofagricultural,
mountain and fishingvillages

Rice and marine
products

Shizuoka

Chagusaba method

Seven autumn
flowers
Kakegawa
Melanoplinae

Tea culture

Tea fields

Tea

Aso

Agricultural method
using grassland

Grassland animals
and plants

Onda Festival and a
Akaushi cattle,
fire-swing Shinto
Extensive grassland vegetables, rice, andritualflowering plants

KunisakiPeninsula

Reservoirs andJapanese chestnut
oak forest

Horseshoe crabs
and OitasalamandersRokugo Manzan
Shiitake mushrooms
culture, Shujo Onie
Rural scenery ofcultivated onFestival, andOsaki, Tashibunosho withered tree logs,
Doburoku Festivaland rice33

2014年10月、新たに３地域が国内認定！
岐阜県 長良川上中流域 【里川における人と鮎のつながり】
鮎を中心とした内水面漁業が盛んな長良川は、流域の人々の日々のくらしや水質保全活動により清らかな流れが保たれ、その清流により鮎が育ち、地域の人々が鮎からの恩恵を享受。人の生活・水環境・漁業資源が相互に連関する長良川の里川システム。

和歌山県 みなべ・田辺地域 【みなべ田辺の梅システム】
養分に乏しい礫質の斜面を利用し、梅林としての利用と周辺には薪炭林を残すことで水源涵養や崩落防止等の機能を持たせ、薪炭林に生息するニホンミツバチと梅との共生等、地域資源を有効活用して高品質な梅を持続的に生産する農業システム。
宮崎県 高千穂郷・椎葉山地域【高千穂(たかちほ)郷(ごう)・椎葉山(しいばやま)の森林保全管理が生み出す持続的な農林業と伝統文化～森と農林文化が創る森林理想郷～】
険しく平地が少ない山間地において、針葉樹と広葉樹で構成されるモザイク林等による森林保全管理、伝統的な焼畑農業、急斜面に築かれた500km超の水路網を有する棚田の米作りなどの複合的農林業システムと神楽など特色ある伝統文化を継承。
14

４．何故、高千穂郷・椎葉山地域で目指すのか 豊かな森林資源を保持しながら、特色ある山間地の伝統農林業と 「神楽」に代表される日本の貴重な伝統文化を継承
 地域資源を活かした地域振興活動が行われている→先駆的な「フォレストピア構想」
 世界の山村振興のモデルとなり得る

高千穂郷・椎葉山地域※江戸時代以前、高千穂町・日之影町・五ヶ瀬町・諸塚村を「高千穂郷」、椎葉村は「椎葉山」と呼ばれていました５．地域農林業の特徴
 西臼杵（高千穂町、日之影町、五ヶ瀬町）の棚田（1,800ha以上、棚田百選が７箇所）
 棚田を支える500km超の山腹水路網
 高品質の肉用牛生産と日本一の釜炒り茶（西臼杵）9・椎葉村に残る日本最後の伝統的焼畑・諸塚村の森林経営と地域づくり （モザイク林、村域全体がFSC森林認証を取得）

10

・かけがえのない農林業が育んだ伝統文化
 →日本神話と山里の文化を今に伝える

株式会社宮崎森林発電所（くにうみ森林発電株式会社）
事業者がバイオマス燃料を直接収集する事業モデル。くにうみアセットマネジメントの出資が民間資金の呼び水となり、安定電源としての期待が高く、地域活性化効果も高い木質バイオマス発電事業の普及・促進に貢献できることに鑑み、出資決定
宮崎県児湯郡川南町大字川南
4591-5

5.75MW
発電端出力4.85MW、年間38GWh• 80％未利用材、20％一般材• 合計7.2万トン
くにうみ• 必要森林面積＝14ha/年
森林発電• 林業者及び森林組合と5年契約• 契約先持ち込み＋自社集材部
門による調達19

フォレストピア ー高千穂郷・椎葉山地域ー
企業のCSV
・企業
神楽・祭礼

全体計画・推進・調整：宮崎県
５町村の農政課・地域振興課

社会・文化

農村文化

・FSC
・林業（木材）・林産物
・バイオマス（発電、熱供給）
・椎茸、茶、牛・森林セラピー

農林業者、関連事 経・専門家 ・研究者
業者
・ツーリズム・専門ガイドバイオマスビレッジ
・旅行会社＆エコノミー

フォレストピア学習・
人材育成
・ＮＰＯ ・学校 ・市民

・J-VER・森林保全＝生態系保全
・再エネ（小水力、バイオマス）
・森林組合、再エネ事業者

環 境・インフラ済