Infrared Spectroscopy and Microscopy
Using Synchrotron Radiation
Ljiljana Puskar
IR Beamline Scientist
Australian Synchrotron• Infrared Spectroscopy and Microscopy• IR Spectroscopy Using a Synchrotron• The Infrared Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron• Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microscopy• Future Developments

Australian Synchrotron in Clayton

The Synchrotron World Map – as seen from Australia

ESRF , Grenoble, France
Circumference=844 m

DIAMOND , UK
Circumference=561.6 m

ELLETRA , Italy
Circumference=259.2 m

Synchrotron Facilities

Spring-8 , Japan
Circumference=1436 m

ALBA , Barcelona, Spain
Circumference=249.6

Shangai Synchrotron Facility
Circumference=345 m

Number of
beamlines

PurposeStatusALS Berkley
CAMD Baton Rouge
CLS Saskatoon

1
1
2

Operational
PlannedOperational

NSL S Brookhaven

6

Surf III Gaithersburg
SRC Madison

1
1

Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy
1 for microscopy, 1 for
Far-IR
3 Microscopy, 2 Far-IR, 1
THz
Microscopy
Microscopy

1

Microscopy and Far-IR

Operational
Planned ELLETRA , Italy
Operational
Circumference=259.2 m
Operational
PlannedPlannedOperational
Operational
PlannedAmerica and Canada

Operational
PlannedOperational

Asia and Australia
Australian Synchrotron
INDUS I, India
ESRF , Grenoble, France
Helios II, Singapore
Circumference=844NSRRC,m Taiwan
NSRL, Heife
BSRF, Beijing
Spring-8, Himeji
UVSOR, Okazaki
SESAME, Jordan

1
Microscopy
DIAMOND, UK
1
Microscopy and Far-IR
Circumference=561.6
1
Microscopy m
1
1
1
1
1

Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy
Microscopy and Far-IR
Far-IR
Microscopy

1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1

Microscopy
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy

1

Microscopy

Synchrotron Facilities

EuropeESRF, Grenoble
Soleil, St. Aubin
ELETTRA, Trieste
DAPHNE, Frascati
SLS, Villigen
ANKA, Karlsruhe
BESSY II, Berlin
DELTA, Dortmund
MAX Lab, Lund
SRS, Daresbury
DIAMOND, Didcot
ALBA, Barcelona

Spring-8 , Japan
Circumference=1436 m

ALBA , Barcelona, Spain
Circumference=249.6

Operational
Operational
Operational
Operational
Commissioning
Operational
Operational
PlannedOperational
Closed 4th August 08
Users expected Oct
2009!
Planned for secondShangai
Synchrotron Facility
phase

Circumference=345 m

Number ofbeamlines

PurposeStatusALS Berkley
CAMD Baton Rouge
CLS Saskatoon

1
1
2

Operational
PlannedOperational

NSL S Brookhaven

6

Surf III Gaithersburg
SRC Madison

1
1

Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy
1 for microscopy, 1 for
Far-IR
3 Microscopy, 2 Far-IR, 1
THz
Microscopy
Microscopy

1

Microscopy and Far-IR

Operational
Planned ELLETRA , Italy
Operational
Circumference=259.2 m
Operational
PlannedPlannedOperational
Operational
PlannedAmerica and Canada

Operational
PlannedOperational

Asia and Australia
Australian Synchrotron
INDUS I, India
ESRF , Grenoble, France
Helios II, Singapore
Circumference=844NSRRC,m Taiwan
NSRL, Heife
BSRF, Beijing
Spring-8, Himeji
UVSOR, Okazaki
SESAME, Jordan

1
Microscopy
DIAMOND, UK
1
Microscopy and Far-IR
Circumference=561.6
1
Microscopy m
1
1
1
1
1

Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy
Microscopy and Far-IR
Far-IR
Microscopy

1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1

Microscopy
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy and Far-IR
Microscopy

1

Microscopy

34
IR BeamlinesFacilities
in the world!
Synchrotron

EuropeESRF, Grenoble
Soleil, St. Aubin
ELETTRA, Trieste
DAPHNE, Frascati
SLS, Villigen
ANKA, Karlsruhe
BESSY II, Berlin
DELTA, Dortmund
MAX Lab, Lund
SRS, Daresbury
DIAMOND, Didcot
ALBA, Barcelona

Spring-8 , Japan
Circumference=1436 m

ALBA , Barcelona, Spain
Circumference=249.6

Operational
Operational
Operational
Operational
Commissioning
Operational
Operational
PlannedOperational
Closed 4th August 08
Users expected Oct
2009!
Planned for secondShangai
Synchrotron Facility
phase

Circumference=345 m

IR units: wavenumbers (cm-1)
Far-IR: 10 – 500 cm-1
Mid-IR: 500 – 4000 cm-1
Near-IR: 4000 – 14000 cm-1

10 micron wavelength = 1000 cm-1
1 eV~ 8100 cm-1
1 THz ~ 33 cm-1
300 Kelvin ~ 210 cm-1

Infrared spectroscopy provides information on molecularvibrations and allows chemical fingerprinting. This is a nondestructive technique which requires only a small amount ofsample for analysis; it is widely used for the analysis of bothorganic and inorganic samples.

J=10

J=5
J=0

∆ E rot∆ E vib

Nucleic Acids(DNA, RNA)

∆ E elec

Each cellular component has

Proteins

Amide I

Lipids (Cell Wall)

0.7

Absorbance

0.8

0.6
0.5
0.4

Amide II
C-N and N-H
Broad O-H and N-H
Stretching
CH2 and CH3
stretching

CH3 bending
PO2- stretching

0.3

PO32- stretching

0.2

CO2

0.1

C-O stretch
4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

Wavenumbers (cm-1 )

1500

1000

Beamsplitter
Stationary mirror
Moving mirror

Analogue-to-digitalconvertor

Amplifier

IR source
IR detector

SampleFourier Transform
Infrared is morecommon, butdispersive hasapplications,particularly for fast
timing with intense
beams

Many frequencies are present in the infrared beam

Position of “zero path difference”

Summing of all frequencies for each position of the mirror

Position of “zero path difference”

Data output from FTIR system

4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

Single Beam

Volts

“Centre burst” at Zero Path Difference

200

400

600

800

1000

Data points

11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumbers (cm-1)

FourierInterferogram

Single Beam Spectrum
Transform

Single Beam

11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2 Sample Single Beam Spectrum
14000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumbers (cm-1)

AbsorbanceSingle Beam

Data output from FTIR system

11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
0.60
2 Background Single Beam Spectrum
10.50
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
0.40
Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Sample Absorbance Spectrum

0.30
0.20
0.10
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Infrared spectroscopy and microspectroscopy
Instrumentation

It’sthat counts
Isthe
thesynchrotron
synchrotronBRIGHTNESS
IR beam very intense?
Blackbody emission, 10 mm 2 , 2000K
Synchrotron
emission,
a 20x78
SOLEIL
20x78
mrad I=in500
mAmrad ( SOLEIL)

1
1E-3

0.8 GeV, 90x90 mrad, 800 mA
BlackBody 2000°K

0.1

0.01

Flux ( Watts/cm-1)-1/mm2sr
Watts/cm

1 E16

1E-4
1E-5
1E-6

1E-5

1 E15

Far- IR

Mid- IR

1E-7
1E-8

1E-9
1E-6

1 E14

1E-10

Flux ( in Photons/s/0.1% bw)

1E-3
1E-4

1E-11
1

10
10

100

1000

100

Wavenumbers
Wavelength( µ m) / cm

10000

-1

I=800 mA

SR Advantages over thermal sources• Brightness: Better Signal to Noise ratio!

Brightness =B=P∆ A.∆Ω

Power per unit area per unit solid angle••••

Small source: better throughput with small samples
Highly collimated: higher resolution achievable
Polarized: ellispsometry
Pulsed: pump & probe experiments

Synchrotron infrared beam focused on sample

Microscope Beamline at SRS - unapertured beam profile at sample stage.
Area mapped = 30x30 µm. Beam halfwidth = 8x8 µm.

Single malaria infected cells at
different stages of the intra erythrocytic life cycle

Grant Webster, Don McNaughton, Bayden
Wood, Monash University, Torsten Frosch(University Jena)

Infrared emission from a synchrotron
bending magnet

Large vertical divergence
Relative to X-ray beam

E dg
e ra dia tion• Bright• Broadband• Pulsed• Polarised

Ben
d

ing

Ma

Edge Radiation and Bending Magnet Radiation

g ne

t ra

d ia

tio
n

Vertical position60

λ = 100 µm

40
20
0
-20

Bending Magnet
Radiation

Edge Radiation

-40
-80

-40

0

40

80mm

-60mm
30
Vertical position

λ = 10 µm
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60mm

Edge Radiation-40

Bending Magnet
Radiation-20
0
20
Horizontal position

40mm

Visible light in the beamsplitter vessel at theAustralian Synchrotron Infrared beamline

Edge radiation to “high resolution”
spectrometer

Bending magnet
radiation to “microscope”

Mirror inserted into dipole chamber from side

Mirror inserted into dipole chamber from side

Electron beam

Mirror in
IR beam out

Specially adapted Infrared Dipole Chamber at Australian Synchrotron

Dipole Chamber in Storage Ring
and Mirror M1 prior to Installation

Infrared dipole chamber with vacuum
isolation gate valves installed

Mirror M1 undergoingvibration testing prior to
installation

M1 Mirror Inserted (left) and Withdrawn (right)
M2 mirror
chamberIN

M1 mirror carriage

OUT

Guide rails

Bellows fully extended

Note: M2 mirror chamber not yet installed in this photoSchematic of IR beamline
M1 mirror mechanism
Matching optics forHigh Resolution FTIR
Diamond Window
Beamsplitter andopticsGate Valves

M1

M2

M3a

Matching optics for
IR Microscope

M3
Focusing andSteering mirrors
Storage ring wall

Visible Beam Profile in Beamsplitter Vessel
and at Entrance to V80v Spectrometer

Visible beam profile in
Beamsplitter Vessel

Collimated beam at entrance to
FTIR spectrometerIR beam profile – comparison with SRW

Photo of theAustralian Synchrotron Infrared beamline
Microscope branch

Far IR and High Resolution branch

Beamsplitter and matching opticsMirror M1 inserted into dipole “crotch” fromabove or below
e.g. Soleil, ESRF…

M2

M1 Mirror with thermocouple wires

DipoleMultipole

M1

Images courtesy of Paul Dumas, Soleil.

Top view of mirror insertion port

Multiple beam extraction from the bending magnet
Infrared Environmental Imaging (IRENI) at the Synchrotron Radiation Center, UW-Madison
flat mirrors to combine beams

paraboloidal
mirrors

windows
toroidal mirrors
3x4 matrix
flat mirrors

The light from a bending magnet is separated into 12 collimated Synchrotron beams
rearranged back into a 3x4 matrix and sent into a IR microscope and spectrometer(48 mirrors in total).
M. J. Nasse, R. Reininger, S. Janowski, T. Kubala, E. Mattson and C. Hirschmugl, The University of WisconsinMilwaukee and SRC.

Multiple beam extraction from the bending magnet

First light August 2008

M. J. Nasse, R. Reininger, S. Janowski, T. Kubala, E. Mattson and C. Hirschmugl, The University of WisconsinMilwaukee and SRC.

Infrared Beamline at the Australian
Synchrotron: Microscope branch
Microscope Branch

Bruker V80v with Hyperion 2000 microscopeConfocal point scanning - current technology

Narrow-Band MCT
50x50 micron

Wide-Band MCT
250x250 micron

Infrared Detectors
Some currently available IR detectors

Narrow-Band MCT
D* 4x1010
Cut-off 750 cm-1
Wide-Band MCT
D* 5x109
Cut-off 420 cm-1

Background limited perf ormance

Mid-Band MCT
D* 2.5x1010
Cut-off 600 cm-1

Focal Plane Array Detectors• Developed for the US military• Multi-element IR detector
Bruker Hyperion 3000: Focal Plane Array Detector
Solid state array with 64 x 64 pixels elements
so that 4,096 spectra can be acquired simultaneously !

FPA imaging vs SR-FTIR single point mapping
Early stages of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis (model for MS)
detected in animals before onset of clinical symptoms

FPA

Synchrotron IR

Map showing ester carbonyl absorbance (1740 cm-1)
Phil Heraud, Claude Bernard, Vivienne Juan, Sally Caine, Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories

Far IR and High Resolution branch
Beamsplitters• Multi/Mylar• Ge/KBr

30 – 630 & 12 – 35 cm-1
450 – 4 800 cm-1

IR Detectors• Si bolometer• Si:B bolometer• DTGS• MCTN• MCTM

10 – 370 cm-1
300 – 1850 cm-1
100 – 3000 cm-1
700 – 5 000 cm-1
600 – 5 000 cm-1

Sources• Synchrotron
mw – vis• Hg-Arc lamp 5 – 1 000 cm-1
• Globar
10 – 13 000 cm-1
• Tungsten lamp 1 000 – 25 000 cm-1
Optical Filters

Bruker IFS 125HR FTIR Spectrometer
Spectral resolution > 0.001 cm-1
Far and Mid-IR capability.

Multipass gas cell for room
temperature samples.

• series of narrow band pass IR filters
Apertures• 0.5 – 12.5 mm

Enclosive Flow Cooling cell for
cryogenic temperatures.
MCT detector

Small quantity of sample tominimize Pressure broadening
effects.

0.8
0.8
0.40.4 0.4
0.6`

0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0

Absorbance

0.8
1.0

1.2
1.2

1.4

Portion of the FarFar-IR spectrum of
Formamide at 0.00096 cm -1 resolution

500

653.6

652 654.0

550

600

654 654.4

wavenumber / cm-1

Far-IR Gas phase applications
Atmospheric: CFC’s, HFC’s, HCFC’s
Chemical dynamics: Radicals
Astrophysics: Hydrocarbons, Radicals

Far-IR condensed phase
Geological: clay samples
Metal oxides
Biomolecules
Protein structures
Clusters

650

656

654.8

700

658

Advantage of using a synchrotron seen in spectra…
CH stretch absorption bands
from 5 µm spot in tissue
sample.

AbsorbanceSynchrotron

Absorbance spectra of tissue sample
recorded at 10 µm spatial resolution underidentical collection conditions using a
Globar™ infrared source and synchrotron
radiation.

Conventional IR source

3100

3000

2900

Wavenumber /cm-1

2800

Wavelength dependence of microscope spatial
resolution demonstrated at Infrared beamline

20µm

Polymer pattern on CaF2
produced byphotolithography

IR absorbance image
At 2935 ±125 cm-1

IR absorbance image
At 1701 ± 59 cm-1

FIR Synchrotron performance < 400 cm -1
Exp. Conditions: Si Bolo detector, 4 mm apt., 6 µm Mylar beamsplitter
80-350 cm -Ratio of Intensities

14

1

SR164/Hg lamp106

SR(164mA)

RMS

N%

Hg

0.90

SR(164)0.15

Acquisition TimeHg
480 mins (1 shift)SR<14 mins

2% Transmission

Hg lamp
106

100

94

40

100

200

Wavenumber/cm-1

300

400

Mounting samples on the IR microscope
Infrared objective

SampleMotorised sample stage

Mounting samples on the IR microscope
50.5 mm

76 mm

SampleDiamond compression cell

CaF2 reference

Sample holder

Mounting samples on the IR microscope
1

3

6

2
4
5

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Special resolution patterns on mirror slides, for testing the beamline performance.
Transmitting disks such as zinc selenide (yellow),CaF2, BaF2 for thin sections of samples.
Gold or aluminium mirrors for materials such as fine powders and biological cells.
Very hard samples can be embedded in plastic and polished.
Biological samples such as tissue sections mounted on specially coated glass microscopeslides.
6. Silicon Nitride membranes (also suited for X-ray microscpectroscopy).

Types of measurements for IR microscope

Types of measurements for IR microscope•

Transmission•

Reflectance•‘Transreflectance’•••

Grazing angle Reflectance measurements
Attenuated Total ReflectanceTransmission measurements
Infrared objective

SampleIR beamLiquid Sample cellwith CaF2 windows

InfraredTransmitting
window

sample stage•Samples should be 10 microns or thinner, either freestanding or
supported on an IR transmitting material such as KBr, BaF2, ZnSe or
CaF2 windows or the silicon nitride membrane.

•

Flow through liquid cells or compression cells are also used.

Transmission measurements:
Study of polymer laminates – simple identification of layers
Industrial and forensic applications

Sample preparation
1
KBr
reference2

Diamond compression cell

3

•
•
•

100
µm

Polymer laminates from three packaging materials
Samples microtomed and mounted between two diamonds
Focused IR beam used to identify polymer layers

Reflectance measurements
IR beam

Sample••Ideally requires a polished flat surface
Spectra require additional correction
procedures due to dispersion artefacts(Kramers-Kronig-Transformation).

Reflectance measurements
Conservation of culturally important materials

Sample preparation

Sample as seen
through a
microscope

Paint chip embedded in resin.
Surface of the sample must be very well polished.
Stephen Best, Caroline Kyi, Robyn Sloggett (Melbourne University and Centre for Cultural Materials Conservation)“Transreflectance”
Transreflectance” measurements
Biological samples on specially coated glass microscope slides

IR beam

SampleKevley slide

Absorption/reflection (Ag undercoat/SnO2 overcoat), visible transmission.
Cheaper than IR transmitting windows but not re-usable.
Sample should be between 5 and 10 microns thick depending on material.
Problem: dispersion artifacts in thin parts of tissue.

Grazing angle Reflectance measurements

VIS

GIR

The grazing angle objective provides IR radiation at
grazing incidence (65 to 85 degrees) for the analysis
of ultra-thin (sub-micron) coatings on metallic
substrates.
Poly ethylene glycol monolayer gradient onreflective surfaces (eg. ITO glass) can bestudied. Understand the mechanism of protein
repellent properties of PEG coatings.
Donna Menzies, Thomas Gengenbach, Celesta Fong, John Forsythe, Ben Muir – CSIRO / Monash University

Grazing angle Reflectance measurements
Spatial resolution
The resolution target (metal pattern on glass window) was used to test spatial
resolution measurements.

1100 - 864 cm-1
1300 - 1350 cm-1

2900 - 3500 cm-1

The resulting IR images
are shifted with respect tothe visible image (~60 µm
horizontal (right) shift and~20 µm vertical shift (up).

20x20 µm aperture
50 µm features and20 µm scan steps.

2900 - 3500 cm-1

10x10 µm aperture
20 µm features and10 µm scan steps.

Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)

IR absorbance spectrum isgenerated when the IR beamreflects inside a crystal
that is in contact with the sample

Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)
Conserving National Heritage:

0.05

Absorba nce
0. 10
0. 15

19th century parchment Sample

35 00

Forensic
application:
examinationof paperdocuments

3000

2500
2000
Wa venumber cm-1

150 0

10 00

Cellulose

Ink

CaCO 32850 - 3023 cm-1

1580 - 1600 cm-1

856 – 897 cm-1

100 µ m10 microns aperture, 5 microns steps

Alana Treasure, Dudley Creagh (Uni Canberra) / Simon Lewis, Bill van Bronswijk (Curtin University) Kenneth Paul
Kirkbride, Vincent Otieno-Alego (AFP)Use of the IR Microscope at the Australian
Synchrotron by research areaarea-2008

Understanding the autoimmune disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis
30µmLight microscope image after staining the
cartilage. The colour change at the surface
shows cartilage damage.

Looking at the changes
that occur in the cartilage
in the tips of the paws ofmice with arthritis.

Complete mouse paw
image taken using Vis
4x objective.

Average spectra fromsingle cells in the
cartilage showing thelarge differences
between control mice(blue) and mice witharthritis (purple).

Allyson Croxford and Merrill Joy Rowley (Monash Uni)

The region of the cartilage
examined. Spectra wereobtained from the cells
marked in red. 5x5 µ m
apreture size was used.

Mice with arthritis
Control miceInfrared analysis of fingerprints
Study of in-situ chemistry of novel revealing agents
Treated and untreated latent fingermarks onaluminium backed cellulose TLC plates wereanalysed.
Comparison shows slight variations between
samples.
Conventional IR: spectra obtained are dominatedby cellulose (background) to a degree where thesample can not be distinguished. Synchrotron ATR
allows in-situ analysis of Lawsone (2-Hydroxy-1,4naphthoquinone).
.

Studying naturally occurring revealing agents – Lawsone
R. Jelly, S.W. Lewis, C. Lennard, K.F. Lim and J. Almog, Lawsone: A novel reagent for the detection oflatent fingermarks on paper surfaces, Chemical Communications, 2008, 3513 - 3515

Renee Jelly, Emma Patton, Simon W. Lewis,
Keiran Lim, Bill van Bronswijk

Conservation of culturally
important materials• Study cross-sections of paint chips
from the Provincial Hotel in Fitzroy
imbedded in polymer.
•Obtain information on pigment, binderanddistribution.
ATRfiller
reference:
Transparent ring
Stephen Best, Caroline Kyi, Robyn Sloggett (Melbourne University)

IR research in High Pressure

B

A

SMIS beamline at SOLEIL Synchrotron[A] Nicolet IR microscope and Nicolet Magna-IR 560 Spectrometer with optics
matching boxes integrating the microscope to the IR beam.
[B] Pressure control and pressure calibration (Ruby fluorescence) set up.

The Diamond Anvil Cell
12 µ mIR beam
Ruby

PistonCylinder100 µ msample chamber

Custom made DAC with a membrane system for pressure application(Institut de Minéralogie et Physique des Milieux Condensés, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris).

Type II diamonds with 500 microns culets diameter.

High pressure phase change of carbonate
minerals to understand the behaviour of carbon in
the mantle.
8.1 GPa
Phase change

Band

Assignment

Ba(CO3) / cm-1

ν3

Asymmetric stretching vibration of the CO32-

1449

ν1

Symmetric stretching vibration of the CO32-

1060

ν2

Out of plane bending of the carbonate group

859

ν4

In plane bending of the carbonate group

694

Environmental studies: Nutrient response in amodel photosynthetic microorganism

IR maps (series of line maps across the centre of the cell taken every 30 min over 24 hperiod) describing the effect the nutrient conditions change has on cell.
Image (left) of freshwater alga Micrasterias hardyi. Experiment set-up on IR beamline (right)

Phil Heraud, Anthony Eden, Don McNaughton, Bayden WoodMonash University

Environmental Science applications
IR synchrotron microspectroscopy
reveals microscale biochemicalchanges occurring in living plant
cells.

This allows researchers to better
understand how plants cells
respond to changes in theenvironment.

FTIR maps (right) of freshwater alga Micrasterias hardyi.
Phil Heraud, Anthony Eden, Don McNaughton, Bayden Wood, Monash University

0.30

Monitoring the biological effect of chemotherapeutic drags

0.20
0.15
0.10
0.00

0.05

Absorbance

0.25

Live leukemia cells

300 0

2500

2000

1500

Wavenumber cm-1

Study single live Leukaemia Cells
using in fabricated CaF2 liquid
cell.

Carolyn Dillon, Kristie Munro (University of Wollongong), Keith Bambery, Bayden Wood (Monash University)

Breaking the diffraction limit – developing
photothermal microspectroscopy
Device at apex

Pyramid tip

Mirror

Si3N4Resistive element:
Palladium
50 nm thick“bowtie” taper
measures 150 nm

Metal tracks

Cantilever

To
bond
pads

Probe in contact withcomposite sample

Si

Substrate•

These probes can measure:
Force
Temperature• They can act as highly localised heatAnsources
AFM-based thermal probe is used to map thesurface of samples in the SR-IR beam.

Hubert Pollock, University of Lancaster UK, Alexandre Dazzi,Université Paris Sud, Mike Reading UEA, UKCoherent Synchrotron Radiation

BESSY
websiteUse of coherent enhancement for Far-IR and THz studies

Summary• Synchrotrons provide intense beams at long wavelengths into the
Far-IR.
• IR spectroscopy provide information on the chemical compositionof materials based on the vibration of the bonds present.
• Synchrotron IR allows rapid measurements of diffraction limited
SPATIAL resolution (a few microns using IR micoscope), or at low
concentration (and high SPECTRAL resolution).
• Synchrotron IR applications in a diverse range of research areas.
• Future developments will allow imaging below the diffraction limit
and the use of intense Far-IR and Terahertz beams.

IR beamline staff at the Australian Synchrotron

Acknowledgements:••••

Don McNaughton – Monash University
Bayden Wood – Monash University
Keith Bambery – Monash University
Finlay Shanks – Monash University•••

Stephen Best – Melbourne University
Robyn Sloggett – Melbourne University
Caroline Kyi – Melbourne University

•
•
•
•
•

Bill van Bronswijk – Curtin University
Renee Jelly – Curtin University
Emma Patton – Curtin University
Simon Lewis – Curtin University
Kieran Lim – Deakin University•••

Mark Tobin– Australian Synchrotron
Dom Appadoo – Australian Synchrotron
Danielle Martin – Australian Synchrotron••

Dudley Creagh – Canberra University
Alana Treasure – Canberra University

Carol Hirschmugl – University Wisconsin
Michael Nasse – University Wisconsin
Paul Dumas – Soleil
Jean-Paul Itié –Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Larry Car – Brookhaven••

Allyson Croxford – Monash University
Merrill Joy Rowley – Monash University

•
•
•
•
•

Phil Heraud – MISCL
Sally Caine – MISCL

•
•
•
•
•

Donna Menzies – Monash University
Thomas Gengenbach – CSIRO
Celesta Fong – CSIROJohn Forsythe – Monash University
Ben Muir – Monash University

•
•
•
•

Janice Williams – La Trobe University
Ewen Silvester – La Trobe University••

Carolyn Dillon – University of Wollongong
Kristie Munro – University of Wollongong•••

Mark Hackett – University of Sydney
Liz Carter – University of SydneyPeter Lay – University of Sydney

Ljiljana Puskar
Tel: (03) 8540 4183
Email: ljiljana.puskar@synchrotron.org.au
Australian Synchrotron
800 Blackburn Road
Clayton 3168 VIC
AUSTRALIA