Theory of Five-Factor Model
The Big Five Personal Traits

Yunjia Tian, M1

The Big Five personality traits
Basic dimensions of personality• Openness to experience• Conscientiousness• Extraversion‘OCEAN’• Agreeableness• Neuroticism• ‘The FFM could provide a common language for psychologists from different traditions, a basic phenomenon for personality

theorists to explain, a natural framework for organizing research, and a guide to the comprehensive assessment of individuals
that should be of value to educational, industrial/organizational, and clinical psychologists.’• often represented as a spectrum• individuals falling somewhere alongeach dimension• various personality assessment tools
and questionnaires are developed• Eg. NEO-PI-R and the Big Five Inventory (BFI)• simplicity and ability to capture themajor dimensions of personality• framework for understanding how
individuals differ in their behavior,
motivations, and preferences• applied in various fields:• Eg. psychology, business, human resources,
career development, etc.

• Five fundamental dimensions of personality that can be used to characterize
and understand individual differences in personality traitshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB1FVbo8TSs

Openness to experience• general appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual
ideas, imagination, curiosity, and variety of experience• intellectually curious, sensitive to beauty, and willing to try
new things• tend to be more creative and more aware of their feelings(compared to closed people)• more likely to hold unconventional beliefs• unpredictable or lacking focus, and more likely to engage inrisky behaviour or drug-taking• pursue self-actualization specifically by seeking out intense,euphoric experiences vs. dogmatic and closed-mindedConscientiousness• tendency to be self-disciplined, act dutifully, and strive forachievement against measures or outside expectations• related to people's level of impulse control, regulation, and direction• preference for planned rather than spontaneous behaviour• High conscientiousness: stubborn and focused• Low conscientiousness: flexibility and spontaneity, but alsosloppiness and lack of reliability• The average level of conscientiousness rises among young adults
and then declines among older adults

Extraversion• characterised by breadth of activities, surgency from external activities/situations, and energy creation from external means• engagement with the external world• enjoy interacting with people, and are often perceived as energetic• enthusiastic and action-oriented• possess high group visibility, like to talk, and assert themselves, may appear
more dominant in social settingExtraversion• Introverts: lower social engagement and energy• quiet, low-key, deliberate, and less involved in the social world• lack of social involvement should not be interpreted as shyness or depression; but as greater independence of theirsocial world than extraverts• need less stimulation, and more time alone than extraverts. This does not mean that they are unfriendly or antisocial• people are a combination of extraversion and introversion

Agreeableness• general concern for social harmony• value getting along with others• considerate, kind, generous, trusting andtrustworthy, helpful, and willing to compromise
their interests with others• have an optimistic view of human nature• Disagreeable:• place self-interest above getting along withothers• unconcerned with others' well-being and areless likely to extend themselves for other people• their skepticism about others' motives causes
them to be suspicious, unfriendly, anduncooperative• competitive or challenging

Neuroticism• tendency to have strong negative emotions,such as anger, anxiety, or depression• emotional instability• associated with low tolerance for stress orstrongly disliked changes• classic temperament trait that has beenstudied in temperament research for decades• emotionally reactive and vulnerable to stress• problems in emotional regulation → lessclear thinking, worse decisions, and copeless effectively with stress• disappointed with one's life achievements

can make one more neurotic and increase
one's chances of falling into clinicaldepression• tend to have worse psychological well-being

Big Five personality traits VS. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)• Nature of the Model• Number of Factors/Types• Scientific Validity• Flexibility• Practical Applications• Psychological Traits vs.
Preferences

Application in medical education• Selection of Medical Students• Curriculum Development• Clinical Skills Development• Residency and Specialty Selection• Stress Management and Well-Being• Interprofessional Education• Professional Development• Patient-Centered Care
• Assessment and Feedback• Mentorship and Support