2016.06.02

銀河進化研究会2016

HSC-SSP view of
Dust Obscured Galaxies
Toba et al. 2015, PASJ, 67, 86
Toba et al. 2016b, in prep.

Yoshiki TOBA (鳥羽 儀樹)(Ehime Univ. => ASIAA )Tohru Nagao, Michael A. Strauss, Masaru Kajisawa,Tomo Goto, Masa Imanishi, and the HSC-DOGs team

2016.06.02

銀河進化研究会2016

HSC-SSP view of
Dust Obscured Galaxies

IR Luminosity Function

Toba et al. 2015, PASJ, 67, 86

IR Luminosity Density
Toba et al. 2016b, in prep.
Yoshiki TOBA (鳥羽 儀樹)

Toba+15(Ehime Univ. => Function
ASIAA )
Auto Correlation
Tohru Nagao, Michael A. Strauss, Masaru
Kajisawa,Toba+16bin prep.
Tomo Goto, Masa Imanishi, and the HSC-DOGs team狗σκυλί

Dogs are obscured by blanket..

canednohIntroduction

perro

What are Dust Obscured Galaxies (DOGs)?

dogdncuãohchien

со

犬акаб

3

Introduction

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

R - [24] ≥ 7.5 (AB mag)

• An optically faint but IR
bright objects.

~ ULIRGs• Most DOGs are ultra-luminous infrared galaxies(ULIRGs: LIR ≥ 1012 Lsun).

R - [24] (AB mag)

Dust Obscured Galaxies
987654

DOGs criterion

0.1110flux (24 µm) [mJy]

Calanog+13
z = 1.99 ± 0.45

z~2• Confirmed from follow-up

observations (NIR and MIR
spectroscopy).

4Dey+08

Introduction

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Two types
ofDOGs
AGNdominate
Dd PL DOGs
OGs
Power-Law (PL) DOGs
• They show a rising powerlaw SED, which indicates anAGN activity.
SFBump DOGs

-dominatedDOGs• They show a rest-frame 1.6µm “bump” in their SEDs.
• They also show strong PAHemission.,which indicates aSF activity.

Bump DOGs

Dey+085Introduction

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

(i.e., AGN-dominated DOGs)
increases with increasing
MIR flux.

• IR-bright DOGs are expected
to be AGN dominated DOGs.

• The number densities of DOGs
decreases with increasing MIR
flux., which means IR-bright
DOGs are very low.

• It requires a large area survey.

PL DOGs fraction [%]• The fraction of PL DOGs

≃ PL DOGs
100

Number/deg2

IR bright DOGs

100

IR-bright DOGs

806040200

Dey+080.4
0.6
0.8 1.0
flux (24 µm) [mJy]101.0 0.8 0.6
0.4
flux (24 µm) [mJy]

Dey+086

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Introduction

What are the DOGs?
IR-bright, optically faint obj. z~2

Bump DOGs・ PL DOGs
IR bright DOGs

DOGs
≃ PL≃ AGN-dominated DOGs
7

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Introduction

Importance of DOGs

8

Introduction

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Importance of DOGs
Bump DOGs

PL DOGs

8

Introduction

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Importance of DOGs
Fluxratio
Ratio atatz=2z=224/R24/R
flux

1200

MDM=6x1012 M 1:1 Merger
Bump Source

1000←Peak BH accretion

800←PLDOGs phase

Submm Flux

Peak SFR
Peak BH Accretion

600
400
200
00.8
① 0.4 ② 0.6③④
Time (Gyr)⑤1.0④⑤Time [Gyr]①②③Growing-up phase!?
24/R = 260

24/R = 177

24/R = 845

24/R = 1016

24/R = 115
Narayanan+109

Introduction

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Importance of DOGs
Fluxratio
Ratio atatz=2z=224/R24/R
flux

1200

MDM=6x1012 M 1:1 Merger
Bump Source

1000←Peak BH accretion

800←PLDOGs phase

Submm Flux

Peak SFR
Peak BH Accretion600

IR-bright DOGs could 400
constitute a key population
for understanding
the co-evolution of200
galaxies andSMBHs.
00.8① 0.4 ② 0.6③④
Time (Gyr)

⑤1.0

④

⑤Time [Gyr]

①

②

③

Growing-up phase!?
24/R = 260

24/R = 177

24/R = 845

24/R = 1016

24/R = 115
Narayanan+10

9Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Introduction

Purpose of this study(1) Search for IR-bright DOGs based on
the HSC with VIKING and WISE
(2) Investigating their photometric andstatistical properties

10

Introduction

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Purpose of this study
Toba+16
ThisToba+15
study (Toba+15)
HSC+WISE(Final status)
CDF/E-CDFS/EGS
E-CDFSSWIRE (XMM/Chandra)

NDWFS

GOODS-NCOSMOSGOODS-S10

Data and Analysis
How do we discover IR bright DOGs?

11

Data and Analysis

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

HSC, VIKING, and WISE

HSC
S14A_0

VIKINGDR1

ALLWISElimiting mag Total number of(5σ、2″）objectsiy~26~24

Z

23.1

Y22.3

J22.1

H

21.5

Ks

21.2

3.4

19.6

4.6

19.3

1216.42214.5HSC S14A_0
VIKING DR1

416,392,815
2

Dec
Decl.

bandGAMA 14hr field (~10 deg2)

014,773,385
-2
14h40

14h30

14h20

14h10

RA
R.A.

747,634,026

We used thosebands to search forIR-bright DOGs

※ AB mag12

Data and Analysis

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Sample Selection/0123415/6!"#$%&'#"()&*+%#,''-**.&"$--

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7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'*-G*9%#9J$+#*
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UN.)%U)=*&:9J)$!*=*,@F9

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/1223

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Data and Analysis

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Sample Selection/0123415/6!"#$%&'#"()&*+%#,''-**.&"$--30″

7%+,*)8/9:9;<=>?@;-*A+*B-'B&C%+-9:989DEF997+$G'-*,*&,'%#',)$&,'%BB*)9%#9H)(*
7+$G'-*,*&,'%#'.$,&C'%BB*)9%#9H)(*
DEF
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'*-G*9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'#$,()$,*-'&*B,*)9%#9J$+#*
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7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'A$-9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'&!"-*+'7+(I'7+$G#9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'&*B,)"%-'#-##'7+$G#9%#9J$+#*

HSC/O1PP21256

99<=>9#$!.+*@B9,C*9"Y*)+$.9)*G%"B9X%,C9K@L@EMR

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ST=

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A search radius

WISE
0P415O2

ST=.)%U)=*&9:989
UN.)%U)=*&:9J)$!*=*,@F9

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XO'&&'!$.:989*I,'7+G9:9861 ģP ĨDEF
Z#..T))[%,#9:989
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multiple counterpart30″

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ST=31O231338

99W@=T9#$!.+*@B9,C*9"Y*)+$.9)*G%"B9X%,C9K@L@EMR

/1223

ST=13

Data and Analysis

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Sample Selection/0123415/6!"#$%&'#"()&*+%#,''-**.&"$--

7%+,*)8/9:9;<=>?@;-*A+*B-'B&C%+-9:989DEF997+$G'-*,*&,'%#',)$&,'%BB*)9%#9H)(*
7+$G'-*,*&,'%#'.$,&C'%BB*)9%#9H)(*DEF
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'*-G*9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'#$,()$,*-'&*B,*)9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'&)'&*B,*)9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'A$-9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'&!"-*+'7+(I'7+$G#9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'&*B,)"%-'#-##'7+$G#9%#9J$+#*/O1PP21256

K@L@EM9FN9/9

POP102O18409@B9,C*9MDQD9/O9)*G%"B9R

0P415O2

ST=.)%U)=*&9:989
UN.)%U)=*&:9J)$!*=*,@F9

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ST=13

Data and Analysis

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Sample Selection/0123415/6!"#$%&'#"()&*+%#,''-**.&"$--①/O1PP21256

POP102O18409

9999DVVW@=T

Create the clean subsample

7%+,*)8/9:9;<=>?@;-*A+*B-'B&C%+-9:989DEF997+$G'-*,*&,'%#',)$&,'%BB*)9%#9H)(*
7+$G'-*,*&,'%#'.$,&C'%BB*)9%#9H)(*
DEF
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'*-G*9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'#$,()$,*-'&*B,*)9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'&)'&*B,*)9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'7+$G#'.%I*+'A$-9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'&!"-*+'7+(I'7+$G#9%#9J$+#*
7+$G'&*B,)"%-'#-##'7+$G#9%#9J$+#*

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i-selected catalog@B9,C*9MDQD9/O9)*G%"B9R

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UN.)%U)=*&:9J)$!*=*,@F9Clean VIKING
Ks-selected catalog
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22 µm-selected61 ģP Ĩ
catalog
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i-selectedcatalog
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48P

ST=Clean VIKING
Ks-selected catalog

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22 @B9,C*9"Y*)+$.9)*G%"B9X%,C9K@L@EMRµm-selectedcatalog
/1223

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i-selectedcatalog
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5213/8

Clean VIKING
Ks-selected catalog

Clean WISE
22 @B9,C*9"Y*)+$.9)*G%"B9X%,C9K@L@EMRµm-selectedcatalog

ST=③

DOGs sample (Bussmann et al. 2012)
HSC-VIKING sample (×0.0005)

21O/O1/6O

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ST=O5

HSC-WISE DOGs (48)
HSC-WISE non-DOGs (159)<=>?K@L@EM9#$!.+*

48P

Clean WISE
22 µm-selectedcatalog

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HSC-WISE DOGs (48)
HSC-WISE non-DOGs (159)<=>?K@L@EM9#$!.+*

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22 µm-selectedcatalog

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ST=

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Data and Analysis

Type Classification (PL /Bump)
Ks-band excess

K-band excess EKs

EKs < 3: PL DOGs
EKs > 3: Bump DOGs

16

Results and Discussions
Photometric and Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

• Spectral Energy Distributions• IR Luminosity Function• IR Luminosity Density
17

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Results and Discussions

SEDs for PL and Bump DOGs
PL (31)

Bump (17)

PL DOGs (31)

Bump DOGs (17)individual
averageindividual
average18

Results and Discussions

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

SEDs for PL and Bump DOGs
PL (31)

PL PL
DOGs(31)
DOGs

Bump(17)
DOGs
Bump

Bump DOGs (17)

35%
65%

individual
averageindividual
average

About 65% of our DOGs sample
were classified as PL DOGs18Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Results and Discussions

Total IR luminosity function
Assuming that the redshift distribution for our DOG
sample is Gaussian (z= 1.99 ± 0.45; Dey et al. 2008)
z = 1.99 ± 0.45

Dey+0819

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Results and Discussions

Total IR luminosity function
Assuming that the redshift distribution for our DOG
sample is Gaussian (z= 1.99 ± 0.45; Dey et al. 2008)
LIR/νLν (24µm) = 6.5 ± 1.4

Melbourne+1219

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Results and Discussions

Total IR luminosity function
Assuming that the redshift distribution for our DOG
sample is Gaussian (z= 1.99 ± 0.45; Dey et al. 2008)

Calanog et al. 2013This work (18 IR luminous DOGs)

Newly
constrained
by ourstudy

19

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Results and Discussions

Total IR luminosity function
Assuming that the redshift distribution for our DOG
sample is Gaussian (z= 1.99 ± 0.45; Dey et al. 2008)

The shape of LF can be fitted wellby double-power law.
Calanog et al. 2013This work (18 IR luminous DOGs)

Newly
constrainedby ourstudy19Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Results and Discussions

Total IR luminosity density ρIR
Murphy et al. 2011 (M11)This work (DOGs)
This work (IR-bright DOGs)ULIRGs (M11)
AGNs (M11)

Dey et al. 2008

Newlyconstr
ained
by ourstudy
20

Statistical properties of IR-bright DOGs

Results and Discussions

Total IR luminosity density ρIR
Murphy et al. 2011 (M11)This work (DOGs)
This work (IR-bright DOGs)ULIRGs (M11)
AGNs (M11)

Dey et al. 2008

The contribution of ρIR (IR-bright DOGs)
to that of other populations;ρIR (ULIRGs @z~2): > 9%
ρIR (All DOGs @ z~2): >N15%
ewly constrainedby ourstudy
20Current Status of DOGs search
Search for IR-bright DOGs based on latest dataset

Clustering properties of IR-bright DOGs discoveredby HSC S15B and ALLWISE
Toba, Nagao, Kajisawa et al. in prep.
21

Clustering properties of IR-brightDOGs

Current Status of studies on DOGs

Field Selection -5/7 fields~
GAMA15WIDE-12

GAMA09VVDS

XMM

Random points
DOGs 1411 IR-bright DOGs were selected22

Clustering properties of IR-brightDOGs

Current Status of studies on DOGs

Spatial Distribution of DOGs
StrongGAMA09

QSOs at 2.0 < z < 2.5 (Shen+09)
SMGs (Blain+04)

Clustering Strength

Brodwin+08

WIDE12GAMA15？
XMM-LSS

Weak23

Clustering properties of IR-brightDOGs

Current Status of studies on DOGs

Auto Correlation Function of DOGs
ACF: ω(θ) = Aω-βθβ = 0.9 (Brodwin+08)
Aω = 11.3 ± 3.72

24

Clustering properties of IR-brightDOGs

Current Status of studies on DOGs

Spatial Distribution of DOGs
StrongGAMA09

QSOs at 2.0 < z < 2.5 (Shen+09)
SMGs (Blain+04)

Clustering Strength

Brodwin+08

This work

WIDE12

GAMA15New

ly constrai
by onedur study

XMM-LSS

Weak25

Clustering properties of IR-brightDOGs

Current Status of studies on DOGs

Spatial Distribution of DOGs
Strong

GAMA09

QSOs at 2.0 < z < 2.5 (Shen+09)
SMGs (Blain+04)

Clustering Strength

Brodwin+08

This work

WIDE12

GAMA15New

ly constrai
by onedur study

XMM-LSS

IR-bright DOGs could be clustered strongly

Weak25

Summary

銀河進化研究会2016

Summary
1. We newly discovered 48 DOGs based on the HSC, VIKING, andWISE data.
2. Assuming that the redshift distribution for our DOGs sample (z =1.99 ± 0.45), we derived the space density of them. The IR LF
including data obtained from the literature is fitted well by adouble-power law.
3. We also derived lower limit of IR LD for our sample, and its
contributions to the ρIR (ULURGs) and ρIR (All DOGs) are >9%, and>15%, respectively
4. The clustering analysis of 1,411 DOGs discovered by latest dataset
could indicates that they are strongly clustered.

26I ♥ DOGs27