Upgrading of the U-70 complex controls
V. Komarov, A. Sytin, E. Trojanov, V. Voevodin, V.Yurpalov
IHEP, Protvino, Moscow region, Russia
The 70 GeV accelerator complex in IHEP has been in operation since 1967. Its control system was originallyoriented on remote manual control. Some computer-based control subsystems created subsequently have different
structures and use obsolete computers. To provide better availability and reliability andto reduce maintenance costs asystem upgrade is unavoidable. The paper describes the upgrade plan and the basic solutions adopted. As an exampleof the approach to the new control system structure the ejection system is described.

1. INTRODUCTION
The 70 GeV accelerator complex consists of a 30 MeV linac, a 1.5 GeV booster, the main proton synchrotron ring
(U-70), slow and fast ejection systems and proton and secondary beam channels (fig. 1). The booster (and hence thelinac) is a fast cycling machine which works in a batch mode (up to 32 pulses per batch with a 60 ms period). The
accelerating time is approximately 30 ms. Pulse to pulse modulation (PPM) is used to provide beams for two users- U-70 and an “internal” booster experimental facility. The U-70 magnetic field pulse has 2 flattops, the first for
beam injection and second for beam extraction. The cycle duration is less than 10s, including a 2.6s rise time. The
fast ejection system can be triggered 3 times during a cycle, extracting from 1 to 29 bunches per shot. The ejectionenergy range is 30 to 70 GeV. The slow ejection system can extract a debunched beam up to one second induration. There are special modes of operation such as using internal targets and slow non-resonant ejection. During
a run all these modes of beam extraction may be used in any preprogrammed combination.
The complex has been used for about 30 years for partical physics. Except for the booster, which was added in 1985
with computerized control, the other installations of the complex had originally only remote manual control. Theircomputer-based control systems were developed independently from each other and at different times. To use thecomplex as an injector for UNK, the Beam Transfer Line (BTL) was constructed in 1993 with its own controlsystem [1,2]. The U-70 complex has no general control system and its individual technical systems are controlledfrom the Local Control Rooms (LCR) situated in different buildings. The LCRs exchange a limited number ofoperational data in a non-modern way (fig 2). This leads to difficulties in system maintenance and development.

2. PRESENT STATUS OF CONTROLSThe current status of the controls of the U-70 complex may be summarized as follows:--- the computerized control of the U-70 technical systems is based on obsolete computing means (EC1010, E-60,SM1420, SM1810.XX, etc.)--- the hardware of the U-70 complex individual control systems consists of a great variety of methods ofconstruction and standards, and the software is written in different languages and works under different operating
environments--- a significant part of the U-70 technical systems equipment is still controlled manually.

3. UPGRADE PLAN
The upgrade of the U-70 complex control system will take about 3-4 years and comprise the following list oftasks:--- the replacement of the obsolete computers, providing new MCR consoles and local access from techncal systems--- putting into operation a control network--- the replacement of old electronics and hence the development and production of electronic modules to modern
standards--- adaptation of those technical components which now have only manual control into the computer system--- re-engineering of all control system software.
The U-70 complex is a running machine and the upgrade of its control system must be done without serious
disruption of its high energy particle physics program.

3.1. Architecture
We intend to use the results of the UNK Control System upper-level design as much as possible. In particular thenew Control System of the U-70 Complex is planned to have the same architecture (“standard” three levels) and tocontain the same hardware/software components as were chosen or developed for the UNK Control System [3].
However the final decision concerning the components will be taken after their reliability abd speed tests at the U-70
complex under actual working conditions have been completed. Together with Work Stations and X-terminals the 16
PCs with MS DOS will be used as operator consoles on the upper level of control system as a cost-effectivemeasure. Some of these PCs will act as front end computers (FEC).

3.2. Controls networkThe Ethernet-based controls network infrastructure (fig. 3) currently covers the most important sites: the U70 MCR,
the Booster CR, the U70 beam extraction controls, the two local control rooms for U70 beam lines and the UNK
BTL controls.
Each site has one or several “access points” (multiport repeater) to which computers are connected. Sites areseparated by bridges. This control network is connected with the OEA development platform network, in order toprovide computing resources and services, including access to the IHEP campus network.
The controls network infrastructure is not yet completed and must be extended to a few more sites. In addition aseparation from the office network has to be made to make control more reliable.
3.3. Equipment controllers (EC)A typical EC (total number is more than 70) is a Euromechanics crate with a Multibus I compatible backplane bus.
An EC contains a single board computer (PC-16) based on a microprocessor similar to the Intel 8086 and a field bus
interface (MIL 1553). As a first step most of old electronics made in SUMMA (CAMAC) will be controlled via abranch driver in the EC. Later, the SUMMA crates will be replaced with specific I/O cards in the same EC. EC’s
based on the Intel 8031 and 8051 microprocessors embedded in technical equipment will be used. for somesubsystems (i.e. Power Supply).
3.4. Software
The software for the new control system will be based on the well known standards and protocols accepted for theUNK controls project:--- Unix and/or Unix-like operating system--- C programming language--- TCP/IP communication packages--- X-Windows and OSF Motif as the basis of the MMI--- Oracle DBMS and related tools
In addition, we plan to use the equipment access library which was developed for the UNK project [4,5], a homemade real time DBMS - SSUDA which provides a 3-D table structure for dynamic data storage, and also several
home-made tools developed to simplify operator interface creation in applications [6].

4. CURRENT ACTIVITY EXAMPLES
4.1. Ejection system
Parts of the control electronics for the ejection systems were designed at various times by various organizations(CERN, IHEP, MRTI). Part of the equipment is still operated manually, the rest has control based on obsolete
computers “Electronika-60” (like LSI-11) and SM1420 (like PDP-11). As a result we have now a conglomerationof various styles, configurations and standards. The following table illustrates the volume and diversity of theexisting control equipment:
Mechanics and standards
TypeNIM“Vishnia”

SUMMA

Number ofCrates
Number ofModule
Types

81

31

6

nonstandard
22105

51

20

6

The new control system for the ejection complex will present a homogeneous structure of 8 functional subsystems
integrated by fieldbus and FEC (fig.4). It will provide computerized control for all the extraction equipment. The ECI/O modules are connected to the controlled equipment either directly or through adaptation electronics. Some of thecontrol and measurement procedures have to synchronized with the beam structure. For this purpose a special RFgenerator (RFG) forms a so-called RF-train of pulses linked to the bunches. The RFG uses 2 input signals whichare proportional to the accelerating RF voltage and the main magnetic field derivative (dB/dt). The different types ofcontrol hardware needed have been estimated to be the following:--- EC (Euromechanics crates).......................8--- EC module types..................................11--- adaptive electronics (small size crates).......17--- adaptive electronics module types...............8
Such a great decrease of the volume and diversity of the control electronics will simplify the maintenance and reduce
its cost.
At present about 80% of the module types are developed and ready for serial manufacture. This year two ECs for
power supply control and beam profile measurement are being assembled and will be installed in theejection system
LCR. Next year we plan to assemble three ECs, leaving the rest for 1997. The commissioning of the ECs and thecontrol system as a whole will be carried out during the shut-down of 1996-1997. The completion of the upgrade
design is planned to be in the middle of 1998.

4.2. General timing system
The existing U-70 general timing system was built in 1967. It generates and distributes a few pulses called the Ttrain and the B-train for common use (“cycle start”, “reset”, etc.). Each of these pulses and trains is transmitted from
the MCR to users by means of individual distribution channels. To produce all necessary pulses locally, a large
number of scalers is used. The new timing system is based on the technical solution designed for UNK and presented
at this conference in detail [7]. The basic principle of the system is time-division multiplexing, which provides
efficient utilization of the transmission cabling and the electronics. The main components of the system are the:timing message generator (TMG), timing message receiver (TMR) and multimode timer (MMT). The TMG forms
the stream of encoded input information and sends it into the common transmission channel with the rate of up to10 timing messages/ms. There are four sources of timing information: a 1kHz clock, preprogrammed events written
in buffer memory, possible external pulses and 16-bit input data (number of cycles, astronomical time, current
values of main magnetic field and beam intensity, etc.). The TMR decodes and processes the input information: it
extracts the 1kHz clock, converts the event codes to output pulses and to interrupt request signals, writes down thenew 16-bit data in dedicated registers. The multimode timer (MMT) can be programmed to produce both up to 6
pulses delayed with respect to the trigger and up to 3 pulse batches with programmed parameters. At present all themain components of the system have been designed. A segment of the new timing system was tested under actual
working conditions and good results were obtained. This year two sets of the timing equipment will be installed inthe booster and ejection systems. The installation of the new timing system design will be carried out gradually,
depending on the readiness of the control subsystems, and completed in 1997.

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