CROSSROADSCROSSROA DS Language StudioÊs Newsletter November,November , 201
20 1 5Winter is closing in and theThe towers vary inheightfrom two meters toevenings are getting shorter.
six meters, but they areOver the past few weeks, theprecisely
spacedatSun has been setting earlier andapproximately
fivemeters
earlier in Matsuyama. If you pay
apart. It appears they areattention to these things, youmarking regular divisions
don’t need a watch to know whatof the year for a solar
time it is in the early evening.
Temple Fortress at Chankillo
calendar. Furthermore,
But can you track the Sun’s
position in the sky month by month as well Ghezzi found a nearby building with a 40meter long corridor ending in observation
as the ancients did?
In the Ancash region of northwestern points to the east and the west. From thesePeru, one of the most amazing discoveries points, people would have been able toof our time has been made by archaeologist observe the 13 towers along the horizon,Ivan Ghezzi. The place is called Chankillo showing the rising and setting positions of theand consists of 13 large stone towers Sun over the year. In Peru, the Sun rises andapproximately 2,300 years old. Predating sets farthest north on the winter solstice, thethe Incan civilization by 1,200 years, longest day of the year, and farthest south on
Ghezzi believes he has found the oldest the summer solstice, the shortest day.
Individuals
solar observatory in the Americas.
EllaThough the site had been known to with the status
travelers for centuries, Ghezzi realized that to view fromthe Thirteen Towers of Chankillo were used these observawouldforJanis
marking the Sun’s position throughout tories
the year. This type of activity was part of have had theThe Towers
tothe Sun-worshipping culture of the Inca. p o w e r
Writings by Spanish conquerors describe regulate time,
the Inca’s methods of tracking the Sun beliefs and theusing rows of pillars, but nearly all of these practices thatwere destroyed. However, the Chankillo tied the societysite was used only from about 300 B.C. to 1 together. AndA.D., which means it was constructed by an b e c a u s e t h emembers of this society believed the Sun tounknown pre-Inca culture.
be a god, their leaders could demonstrate
their authority to the people. But there’s
still one mystery about Chankillo to be
NET LESSONS: Too busy to come to CROSSROADS? solved. Why, within a couple of centuries,…. Try our lessons on the net!
did the members of this Sun cult completely
You can find more on Chankillo here:
vanish?
http://mikeruggerisnazcaera.tumblr.com/post/128358067548/
chankillo-300-bc

Article by ColmJoshua Says: For a few years now, I have worked on preparing TOEIC courses regularly
for one of our corporate clients. Next month, I will start preparing yet another course. I havealways questioned the value of this test in helping to develop good speakers of English, but
after working on TOEIC test materials for so long, I am beginning to appreciation some of themore “subtle” elements associated with this study program. I find that the tricky parts whichchallenge comprehension particularly interesting, possibly even useful!
Junko Says: Last month, I installed Windows 10 on my laptop. As you know, Microsoftis offering Windows 10 free to users of Windows 7 and 8 and vigorously encouraging users
to make the up-grade. Disappointingly, and contrary to my expectations, I have been
having a problem with my laptop ever since. It makes a funny noise whenever I use it! I’ve
looked up many Q & A’s about this problem on the Internet, but I have not found asolution, I would be very happy if anyone could come up with an answer for me........
Mark Says Unlike the majority of Kiwis I have never shown much interest in
the game of rugby union. However, along with many Japanese, my interestwas piqued by Japan's unexpected successes at the recent Rugby World Cup.
The timing for their success could not have been more perfect with the 2019
RWC scheduled to he held in Japan. I'm sure the organisers of that event will
be hoping to cash in on the game's new found popularity.
Colm Says: First it was Matsuyama, then Niihama and last week it wasHalloween. Festival season is in full swing in Shikoku. And there are many
similar festivals worldwide celebrating the autumn harvest and the dark spirits,
many of which have even wilder costumes than Halloween. Check out Mexico's
Day of the Dead. Or if you want to concentrate on eating, try Thanksgiving. And
don't forget - the countdown to Christmas has already begun.
Danielle dit; Le 1 er novembre en France, c'est la Toussaint. A l'origine
une célébration chrétienne, elle est aujourd'hui plus considérée comme la« fête des morts ». On apporte généralement des fleurs sur les tombes desdéfunts, la fleur emblématique de la Toussaint étant le chrysanthème.
Malheureusement, comme beaucoup de traditions, celle-ci se perd et demoins en moins de gens visitent les cimetières.
ACROSS
12 one who studies prehistoric peoples cultures
13 disappear without trace
14 a building used to study the stars
16 in some way different
DOWN
1 going back to an earlier time
2 close to correct
3 exactly
4 all the way through5 people who lived in times past
6 relative position or rank
7 fix or adjust
8 the sun's farthest distance from the equator
9 provide evidence by example
10 the greatest distance
11 the power to order or control others
15 becoming greater in height(print version here)71324568910111213

www.CrosswordWeaver.com

141615

Critic’s corner with S(a)3’s Taro:On Becoming Another Person:
Have you dreamed of being another person?
What would you do if you suddenly became a prince orprincess? Last month I read a book in English, “ThePrince and the Pauper”, by Mark Twain. (He is also
known as the author of “The Adventures of TomSawyer”.) This novel is useful to study English withbecause many unique words and expressions are usedin it, such as “Where dost thou live?” (“dost thou” is anold form of “do you”), or “long live the King!” (Evennowadays, British people say “Long live the Queen” toshow respect for their monarch.)
There are two main characters in this story. Edward Tudor, the prince ofEngland, and Tom Canty, a pauper in London. They were not related, but they
were very similar in appearance, like twins. One day, Tom met Prince Edward infront of the palace. Edward invited Tom to his room and gave him some food anddrink. Edward asked Tom about the lives of the common people in London. Hewas tired of the formal lifestyle of the palace and wanted to enjoy a more freelife. In contrast, Tom had dreamed of being rich. Therefore they exchanged
clothes in order to experience each others lifestyle.
However, Edward was shocked by the severe living standards of low classpeople. On the other hand, Tom was disillusioned by the superficial manners of
the palace lifestyle. They both wanted to go back to their former lives, but
nobody believed that Edward was the real prince. Finally, with Tom’s help, Edward
proved his identity.
Edward didn’t forget the oppression he had experienced as a pauper. Later, as
the king of England, he led a merciful and generous government. He wasrespected by many people. He said, “What dost thou know of suffering andoppression? I and my people know.”
This story has two lessons. One is that the grass always seems to be greener on
the other side of the fence. We should learn to be satisfied with our own lot in life.
The other lesson is that we tend to judge others only by their appearance.
Others will not notice if you are substituted for another person. At the next
Crossroads lesson, please look at your teachers and classmates carefully. Are
they imposters?
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Ren’s “My stay in China” - Part 10We were studying With my Business Chineseclassmatesbusiness Chinese inclass. On April 11th, Iwent on a small school
trip to a Chinese beercompany. The company
produces Yanjing Beer
Beer samples
which is quite famous inChina. To be honest,
I’m not very interested
in beer. I didn’t even visit
any of the famous beer factories in Qingdao when
I was there. At the Yanjing beer company I wasserved with cold beer samples. They were sodelicious! We enjoyed that activity.
One week later, on
Schoolmatesthe 18th, our university
held a sports festival.
Each of us was asked toattend the opening
ceremony wearing ourcountry’s
traditional
clothes. Unfortunately, I
didn’thave
anytraditional
Japaneseclothes to wear. But myAt the sports festival
teacher said it was OK
because my face itself expresses Japanesetraditions. So, I decided to join. The ceremony
was exciting. Many students wore traditional
clothes; Russian, Indian, Kazakhstan, and so on.
I was so busy on the day. Right after the opening
ceremony I departed for Dalian which was a 3
day journey away.
(to be continued)

Last Month’s Puzzle Solution
DOWN
ACROSS
1 excessive admiration of oneself
3 a successful outcome after a contest
5 something that can be discarded after 2 relating to or belonging to a city
4 being greatly satisfied
using
6 an expression of support
7 unchanging, steadfast
7 now
8 a photo of oneself
10 taking over or surpassed
9 move in large numbers
13 educating for a future role or function 11 giving importance or significance to
12 excessively preoccupied with
14 giving complete attention tosomething
15 the negative aspect of something

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