Xavier LITAUDON on behalf of EUROfusion JET contributors

Overview of JET resultsin support to ITER
Acknowledgments: The JET Task Force and Project Leaders, the JET
secondees, the EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, the JETExploitation Unit and the JET operator

JET ITER Like Wall Operation: 61h/540GJHigh Priority ITER issues:
1. Plasma-Wall Interaction
2. Transient events: ELM & Disruption
3. Access to High Confinement &ITER Neutronics

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 2/27

Tritium Retention with ITER materials Be, W
Simulations reproduce retention rate and deposition pattern• ~0.3% retention fraction− reduction by more than
one order of magnitude− gas-balance & postmortem analyses• Co-deposition in W-Belayers (2/3) dominates
over implantation (1/3)
WallDYN[Schmid et al NF 2015 ][Brezinsek et al Nucl Fusion 2013
Widdowson et al FEC 2016 MPT1-3
Rubel et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-1
Brezinsek et al J. of Nuc. Mat. 2015 andSOFT 2016 ]The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 3/27

Fuel retention in Be castellation gaps
Low contribution (3%) to global fuel inventory
Fuel analysis in narrow gaps
Sectioning of beryllium limiters• JET–ILW:− 170 000 castellations− L~ 7325 m, S~ 88m2 !

• Fuel retention at thevery entrance (<1mm)of grooves− no transport deeper
into gaps− in agreement withmodelling• Narrow gaps (0.4 mm)
minimise retention[Rubel et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-1]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 4/27

Fuel Removal in Co-Deposited Layers

Low D2 release from thick Be deposit at ITER baking cycle• Experiment in agreement with model [De Temmerman et al PSI 2016]• Role of impurities (C, O2) in deposits to be investigated• Optimisation Tritium removal strategy for ITER ?
Thin Be deposit layers

After 350°C/15h baking cycle

50%

Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy
1 µm[Widdowson et al FEC 2016 MPT/1-3][Tokitani et al SOFT 2016][Heinola et al FEC 2016 EXP/P6-2, Likonen PSI 2016]

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 5/27

Comprehensive Dust Particles Survey
Collected Dust two orders of magnitude less than JET C-Wall• 1.82g Dust collected:− vacuum cleaning− sticky pad• Source− Predominantly from
W-coated tiles− Be melting from
disruptions− Only 50-70mg fromBe co-deposit• Unique data set for
ITER safety[Fortuna-Zalesna et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-20, Ashikawa et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-10]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 6/27

JET ITER Like Wall Operation: 61h/540GJHigh Priority ITER issues:
1. Plasma-Wall Interaction
2. Transient events: ELM & Disruption
3. Access to High Confinement &ITER Neutronics

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 7/27

ELM First Principle MHD Simulations
JOREK simulations at low resistivity/viscosity
reproduce experimental trends
Divertor heat flux pattern
ELM energy losses
ELM crash
Synthetic InfraRed diagnostic[MW/m2][S. Pamela et al FEC 2016 TH/8-2,Futatani et al FEC 2016 TH/P1-25 ]The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 8/27

ELM Divertor Heat Load Scaling to ITER
Multi-machines scaling type-I ELM energy flux // B
0.52 0.16

 E ELM  MJ 1.01 0.40
0.75  0.15
0.98  0.1
 [Eich et al PSI 2016 ] II , scal  2   Rgeo ne , ped  Te , ped  Wm plasma• Proportional to machinesize and pedestal pressure• Trade-off performance vsmaterial limits ?
[Sieglin et al FEC 2016 EX/7-3Ra]

JOREK• Scaling and ITER
extrapolation agree withJOREK MHD simulation[S. Pamela et al FEC 2016 TH/8-2][see also EU Medium Size Tokamaks Overview byMeyer et al OV/P-12]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 9/27

Disruption Mitigation Studies for ITER
JET Disruption Mitigation System with three Massive Gas
Injectors to mimic ITER set-up
Vessel force mitigation

up to 3.5MA• Constant 40% force reduction• No influence of InjectionLocation[Jachmich et al EPS & PSI 2016][Lehnen et al Nucl Fus 2015 , Joffrin et al FEC 2016 EX/9-1]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 10/27

Radiation Asymmetry Mitigation• ITER: reduction localised radiation on first wall where 80%of energy lost in thermal quench?
• JET: reduction radiation asymmetry with two top injectors
support the current ITER choice
One Top Injection

Two Top injections

Top,S[Lehnen et al Nucl. Fus. 2015, Joffrin et al FEC 2016 EX/9-1][Jachmich et al EPS & PSI 2016]

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 11/27

First Principle Disruption Simulations
Thermal Quench Simulatedwith 3-D Non-Linear MHD JOREK code

JET N° 86887 , t=5.7ms after MGI

Growth of magnetic island chains → Stochastic layer→ Fast loss of thermal energy[Nardon et al EPS/PPCF 2016, Nardon et al Nucl. Fus. 2016, Fil et al PoP 2015]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 12/27

JET ITER Like Wall Operation: 61h/540GJHigh Priority ITER issues:
1. Plasma-Wall Interaction
2. Transient events: ELM & Disruption
3. Access to High Confinement &ITER Neutronics

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 13/27

H-mode Access with ITER Wall Materials
Doppler Backscattering Er• Stationary Zonal Flows
measured during edge
barrier formation− Radial scale wave
numbers krρi≈0.4–0.8• Importance of divertor
configuration− SOL Er×B in 2D
fluid/neutral EDGE2DEIRENE simulations− Role of SOL physics for
L-H transition[Hillesheim et al PRL 2016
Hillesheim et al FEC 2016 EX/5-2][Chankin et al PSI 2016,Delabie et al APS 2015]

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 14/27

ITER Non-Active Operation: H-mode Access
Non-linear mass dependence on L-H power threshold• Fine mass scan 2→1
via H/(H+D) control• Trace He quantity inH-plasma:− Significant PL-Hreduction
D-DMeff

H-H21.51• Impact on ITER nonactive phase to beinvestigated− helium campaign ?

[Nunes et al FEC 2016 Post Deadline Proposal
Hillesheim et al FEC 2016 EX/5-2][Pscal from ITPA scaling J. Phys. (2008)]

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 15/27

ITER Operation: H-Mode Density Limit
H-mode Density limit consistent with Goldston‘s prediction[Goldston J of Nuc Materials 2015]

H-mode Density Limit• Mass dependence  M9/16• Weak power dependence
D-D• H-mode Density limit− SOL MHD instability

H-H• Wider ITER operationalboundaries in T-T and D-T[Huber et al FEC 2016 Post Deadline Proposal]− When Meff  :PL-H  & nDL/nGW [Goldston Nuc. Fus 2012,
Eich et al PRL 2011 & Nuc Fus 2013]

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 16/27

Thermal Confinement with ITER-Like Wall
Impact on ITER Q=10 performance• Be/W Wall similar coreconfinement as C-Wall

Te (keV)• Change of global
confinement:− reduction of electron
temperature pedestal• Electron transport:− importance of smallradial scale ETG
instabilities[Bonanomi/Mantica et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-14][Hyun-Tae Kim et al, PPCF 57 (2015) 065002]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 17/27

Dimensionless Scans in Low
Triangularity ITER Baseline Plasmas
r* scaling− gyro-Bohm− no changepedestal limit

β scaling bN ≤ 1.8
n* scaling− stronger dependence − low n* : no dependenceof transport
as ITPA scaling− high n* → degradation− pedestal stability
due to pedestal
improves at low n*[Frassinetti et al EPS/PPCF 2016, Nucl. Fusion 2016, Tala et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-12 ]The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 18/27

Radial shift between Ne and Te pedestalDensity

Also in ASDEX Upgrade [Dunneet al EPS 2016] and DIII-D

Normalised pedestal pressure, aPedestal stability improves with reduced radial shift
JET-ILW tends to have larger relative shift than JET-C
8JET-C
6JET-ILW
42Low d, n*~0.1-0.35
0012

Pedestal density shift (% y)3[Stefanikova et al EPS 2016, Frassinetti et al
EPS/PPCF 2016, Giroud et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-13]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 19/27

Pedestal Pressure Limit: Transport vsMHD?
• Pedestal pressure in the • Non-ideal MHD JOREK predict
instabilities closer to exp.
ideal stable domain− resistivity, viscosity, diamagnetic
despite ELMs ?
[Maggi et al Nucl. Fusion 2015]

effects, physics process to beisolated ?
[S. Pamela et al TH 8-2]

[S. Pamela et al TH 8-2, Aiba et al TH/8-1, Maggi et al EX/3-3, Chapman et al EX3-6, Urano et al EX/3-4]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 20/27

High-Triangularity ITER H-mode Operation• First time, with the ILW, stationary (5s) ITER Baseline
Operation at high-d (dav~0.4) achieved at 2MA/2.2T− New high-d configuration optimized for pumping− H=1-1.1, q95=3.2, bN=1.8-2.1, P/PL-H~2 but n/nGW~ 0.5

2014 datareducedpumping[De La Luna et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-11][Sips et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-42]

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 21/27

Novel Three-Ions ICRF Heating Scheme
fast 3He ions from highenergy g-ray emission[Kazakov et al Nucl. Fus 2015]• D-(3He)-H RF scheme− 3He resonance at the ion-ion (D-H)
hybrid layer− Enhanced left-hand RF field− Efficient absorption with 3He~0.1%–1%− JET and Alcator C-Mod[Wright et al FEC 2016 EX/P3-5]• Potential ITER applications− non-active phase 9Be-(4He)-H tomimic fusion-born alpha− D-T operation T-(9Be)-D
4.2 MW ICRH/33.0 MHz/3.2T
3He @ 0.2%, H/(H+D)~0.75 -0.90[Kazakov et al Phys. Plasmas 2015][Van Eester et al EX/P6-10, Goniche et al EX/P6-16,Krasilnikov Post Deadline Proposal]

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 22/27

JET Prospects for D-T Operation
Core transport modelling with TGLF: strong isotope effecton performance to be validated in T-T and D-T experimentsValidation of TGLF in D-D[Staebler et al Phys Plasma 2005]

Integrated core/pedestal
simulations

Ti (keV)
Pfus(D-D)=11MW
Pfus(D-T)=16MW

Ptot =40MW

Top pedestal
from exp.

[Hyun-Tae Kim et al FEC 2016 TH/P2-17][Garcia et al EPS /PPCF 2016 , Budny et al
FEC 2016 TH/P2-16, Weisen et al EX/P6-18]

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 23/27

Latest progress ITER Baseline Operation
at ~30MW 3MA/2.7T
2018/19
Objective

3MA ILW(2016)

3MA ILW(2014)[Nunes PPCF 2016][October 2016Exp. ]The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 24/27

Neutronics for ITER
• Validation of ITER codes • Fusion power measurement
procedure for ITER
− Shutdown dose rate andneutron streaming codes− Diagnostic calibration with
14MeV neutron source to be
deployed by remote handling[Batistoni et al Nucl. Fusion 2015 and SOFT 2016, Villari et al FED 2016][Horton et al Fusion Eng and Des. 2016]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 25/27

CONCLUSION• JET results impact the preparation of ITER active andnon-active integrated operation− Optimise the path towards ITER Q=10 operation− Provide a comprehensive “fusion nuclear technologycase” with the surrounding tritium, beryllium and remotehandling facilities• JET ITER Like Wall operation and its physics
understanding require developing an integrated vision− Wall materials + Plasma Surface Interaction + SOL +Pedestal + Core physics are strongly coupled− New paradigm to be developed beyond simple scaling

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 26/27

PROSPECTS• Up to 2020, focus remains the completion of T-T (2018)and D-T (2019-20) operation in support of ITER
• Mid-Nov. 2016-2017 shutdown− Upgrade Neutral Beam heating
components to improvereliability above 30 MW− Shattered Pellet Injector for
ITER disruption mitigation
system (under internationalcollaboration framework)• In parallel, a proposal is being elaborated to extend JET
as ITER test-bed facility until the start of ITER operationThe JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 27/27

Thank you for your attention on behalf ofthe EUROfusion contributors

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 28/27

Isotope effect on H-Mode Density Limit• Strong dependence on the isotopic mass effect− 35% lower in the H-H vs D-D− Similar vertical target magnetic field configuration withIp/BT=1.9MA/1.8T and q95=2.8

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 29/27

Divertor Heat Load Studies for ITER [1/2]• Multiple ELM-induced
melting (2013)− W module with“protruding” lamella (2013)− 2-D thermal analysis could
not reproduce IRmeasurement• New lamella installed(2014-2015 shutdown)− Improved IR
measurement resolution

B[Coenen et al Nuc Fus 2015,
Matthews et al Phys. Scr. T167 2016 ][Corre et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-20]

The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 30/27

Divertor Heat Load Studies for ITER [2/2]
Thermal Analysis revisited:
Good agreement with improved 3-D model of the plasma
heat load and heat diffusion

Also onASDEX
UpgradeandCOMPASS[Krieger et al PSI 2016
Dejarnac et al PSI 2016]

L-mode[Corre et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-20]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 31/27

H-mode Access with ITER Wall Materials
Crucial Importance of the SOL physics for L-H transition• Importance of divertor
configuration− Simulated via changes
in SOL Er×B in
EDGE2D-EIRENE[Chankin et al PSI 2016]• Stationary Zonal Flows
measured during edge
barrier formation[Hillesheim et al PRL 2016
Hillesheim et al FEC 2016 EX/5-2][Delabie et al APS 2015]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 32/27

Pedestal confinement• r* scaling:• n* scaling:− no degradation at low r*− good for ITER extrapolations− stability increase at low n*− role of atomic physics ?

low r*
high r*[Frassinetti et al EPS/PPCF 2016] [FEC 2016 : Maggi et al EX/3-3, Chapman et al EX3-6, Urano et alEX/3-4, Aiba et al TH/8-1, Pamela et al TH 8-2]
The JET contributors presented by Xavier LITAUDON | 26th IAEA FEC, Kyoto, Japan | 17 Oct. 2016 | 33/27