Dr. Tilo Schmid-Sehl
5th October 2015
Int. Symposium - Klimapolitik als Chance fürRegionalentwicklung: Beispiel Deutschland
OAG Haus Tokyo

Aligning organizations across borders.
組織や異文化を超えた体制づくり

Agenda1. High Share of Bioenergy among Renewables
2. Main Challenges in Germany
3. Example Bioenergy
4. Our Vision – Circular Economy
5. Best Practise Examples – New Technologies
6. Conclusion

Aligning Organizations Across Borders

Experienced Operational Implementation

Commitment & Responsibility

2Biomass most important for renewables• The share of biomassenergy is very high asbiomass produces a
lot of important heat
• The share of heat is
relatively higher as
CHP produce heat
which is used formultiple purposes3

Renewable energy revenues – a big factor• Nearly 70% ofrevenues support thebiomass industry• Farmers and foresters
benefit most of theenergetic use of
biomass resources

4Agenda1. High Share of Bioenergy among Renewables
2. Main Challenges in Germany
3. Example Bioenergy
4. Our Vision – Circular Economy
5. Best Practise Examples – New Technologies
6. Conclusion

Aligning Organizations Across Borders

Experienced Operational ImplementationCommitment & Responsibility

5Renewables break up oligopolistic structure• Renewables require a decentral supply structure• Private investors participate and invest in new energy facilities• Cooperative energy companies engage and motivate privatehouseholds to produce and utilize their own energy• More and more people are proud to become self-sufficient from
central energy supplies• At the same time this is a great opportunity for regional
development in rural areas
This is a threat to the traditional utilities, strong
opposition is a natural reaction

6EEG Reform of 2014
• Integration into markets• FIT reflecting the current cost dynamics• Faster expansion of renewable energy: 40-45% by2025 and 55-60% of total electricity by 2035
• Slow down the rise of surcharges for renewableenergies• The Renewable Energy Heat Act promotes theproduction and usage of heat
• A certain percentage of the heat supply for new
homes must come from renewable sources• Market Incentive Program to utilize heat
• Promotion of combined heat and power systems• Biomass to concentrate more on waste utilization
Germany plans further growth of renewables
with a shifted focus on waste and heat utilization
Classified > For internal use
onlyAgenda1. High Share of Bioenergy among Renewables
2. Main Challenges in Germany
3. Example Bioenergy
4. Our Vision – Circular Economy
5. Best Practise Examples – New Technologies
6. Conclusion

Aligning Organizations Across Borders

Experienced Operational Implementation

Commitment & Responsibility

8Structure of the German power production fromrenewable energy sources (2014)9

Number of biogas plants & installedelectric capacity

10Number of pellet boilers in Germany (as of 1/2013)• Pellet Boiler arevery favorable,
also for privatehouseholds

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BioEnergy Village: A Success Story –Strengthened Community Spirit• Constantly increasing number of participating
villages: 175 by end 2014
• BioVillages must produce 50% of their energy, someproduce up to 200%, feedstock needs to be soured
locally• Citizens shall participate in the financing• Full cost of renewable energies are cheaper thanfossil fuel based energy by up to 50%• Villages ensure sufficient supply of biomass
resources through sustainable management• Social factors like strong village community spirit• Trust-based cooperation between all stakeholders• Local authorities support the projects• Transparent and flexible to citizen’s needs and theirfinancial participation

Classified > For internal use
onlyBioMass Energy– Special Support for Rural Development

•
•

•

•

BioEnergy Villages: strive to become
independent to produce energy
BioEnergy: Many people contribute,
many people benefit (social,democratic)
Natural resources for industries withhigh energy needs (pulp&paper,house building, chemical etc.)
Green villages are a good countermeasure against rural depopulation

Aligning Organizations Across Borders••••

Forestry has a great impact on
labour and regional development
Forestry is labour intensive
Forestry can be organized by thevillages themselves: Co-operative,
volunteers etc.
Utilization of the wood where it isproduced

Experienced Operational Implementation

Commitment & Responsibility

13

Biomass – Value Added• Value of woody materials per ton:
– Freshly cut wood log (long) 6300 Yen (solid cubic meter)– Freshly cut wood log (short) 10000 Yen (solid cubic meter)– Dried wood log (short) 14000 Yen (stacked cubic meter)– Wood chips (dried) 23000 Yen (stacked cubic meter)– Wood pellets 32000 Yen (lose cubic meter)• High efficiencies lead to competitive cost of biomass energy production. 1kWh ofoil energy costs appr. 8 Yen and 1 KWh of biomass energy costs based on woodchip* 19 Yen
oil:wood =1 : 2,375 times *300kg per stacked meter• Local value added: Wood Chips dried vs. Freshly cut wood = 23000 Yen – 6300
Yen = 16700 Yen per stacked cubic meter =14 Yen per kWh• Net Cost:Oil 8 Yen per kWh vs. wood chips (19 Yen-14 Yen = 5 Yen)
oil:wood = 1 : 0,55 times *300kg per stacked meter)
Including local value added wood chip utilization for energy
production is cheaper than oil14

BioEnergy Village – A model case of Federal Ministry ofFood and Agriculture (20 years)• Village with 450 people• 150 houses• 450 MWh power
consumption• 4,5 Mio kWh heatconsumption––––

Investment of 14 Mio Euro
Savings/Income 27 Mio. Euro
Additional cost 10 Mio. Euro
Regional Value Added 10. Mioeuro15St. Peter - BioEnergy Village in Black Forrest

Power Consumption: 7 Mio kWh/aPower Production: 21 Mio kWh/aHeat Consumption: 12.000 MWh/aHeat Production: 9.600 MWh/a•••

Energy association has 200 members
20 farmers supply biomass
Own forestry used

A mix of Renewables to produce heat and power• Photovoltaik (1.18 Mio. kWh/a power)• Solar Thermal (40.000 kWh/a heat)• Hydro Power (400.000kWh/a power)• Wind Power (18,4 Mio. kWh/a power)• Biomass– Wood Chip Boiler (7.500 kWh/a heat)– Pellet CHP(2.100 MWh/a heat, 1.400 Mio. kWh/a power)

16

Source: MAFF White Paper 2010

Potential Biomass (Wood):
Win-Win for Environmental and Social Infrastructure

Typical Japanese Mountain with Forest

A Comparison:
Germany
32% forested
growing stock: 3.4 bill. m³
But:Forestry has been neglected for 50 years in Japan
Low use of Biomass Energy
Forestry and Biomass Energy creates great benefits
Environment

EmploymentGDP

Aligning Organizations Across Borders

Japan> 60% forested
growing stock: 6 bill. m³• Need to develop the Forest Sector(aging forests)• Great Job Opportunities• Strengthen Rural Infrastructure and Economy

Experienced Operational Implementation

Commitment & Responsibility

17

Agenda1. High Share of Bioenergy among Renewables
2. Main Challenges in Germany
3. Example Bioenergy
4. Our Vision – Circular Economy
5. Best Practise Examples – New Technologies
6. Conclusion

Aligning Organizations Across Borders

Experienced Operational Implementation

Commitment & Responsibility

18

Our Vision
Aiming for a circular economy and society, where agricultural andforest resources become the main source of heat and power• Create an economic system with intensive use ofagriculture, forestry, aquaculture and waste management• Create a BioEconomy based value chain• Create a BioEconomy to utilize biological resources for theproduction of all kinds of products• Strengthen the rural economy by utilizing local resources (wood,bio-waste, agricultural products etc.)• Create new labour by utilizing local resources

Classified > For internal use only

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Philosophy: Agricultural Science as the nucleus joining
natural and social sciences
Source: University of Hohenheim, Germany

Renewable Resources

Bioenergy
Environment and Climate

AgriculturalScience

Sustainable Land Use
Resource Management

Markets and Politics

Economics andSocial Science

Bio-based value added processes

ScienceFoodSocietyServices

Example: A German University with special focus on BioEconomy(University of Hohenheim)
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Bridge 2020 eu: A Public Private Partnership to build biobased
Economy by cross-industry cooperation and innovation

Source: Bridge 2020 eu, Westenbroek, 2013

Source: Bridge 2020 eu, Westenbroek, 2013

Source: Bridge 2020 eu, Westenbroek, 2013

Source: Bridge 2020 eu, Westenbroek, 2013

Advantages for Utilizing Biomass for Energy Production
Utilizing low-density resources
and waste for multiple benefits
for the local community• Renewable energies: sustainable, CO² neutral or even CO²reduction• Alternative to fossil fuel• Fertilizer and cheap side products• Income for rural population• Preserves landscapes in rural areas• Maintains or even increases biodiversity• Keeps farmland available for recreational activities
Classified > For internal use only25

Agenda

1. Strong growth of renewable energies
2. Main Challenges in Germany
3. Example Bioenergy
4. Our Vision – Circular Economy
5. Best Practise Examples – New Technologies
6. Conclusion

Aligning Organizations Across Borders

Experienced Operational Implementation

Commitment & Responsibility

26

Issues Related to Wet or Small Biomass

ロス CO2

MethaneWaterEnergy

Greenhouse Gases（20x impact vs. CO2）

Nutrients

CarbonCarbon Balance Issues

WaterEnergy

Nutrients

Limited Efficiency

Conventional Methods

Conventional Methods

CompostCombustion

Cheap, Known

Cheap, but less efficiency and added value

Food Waste

Organic Waste (proteins)

ManureForest Resources

Lignocellulose27Issues Related to Wet or Small Biomass
Problems with conventional energy conversion
Fuel/Energy
Need to get rid of water content first:
Need for external energy input and often fossil fuel use(negative carbon balance, high cost)
Energy for Drying（Fossil Fuel）

Bark, grass, leaves, wet wood
ManureSewerage Sludge28

A technology that bridges different sectors andrealizes resource circulation
Lignocellulose Biomass

TechnicalBarrier

Wet Biomass

Technical Barrier

Small-Medium Scale Gasification（Dry Biomass Gasification for power）

Hydrothermal Carbonization（Low-Temp Carbonization of Wet Biomass）
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HTC Processed Biocokes

Readily available local
biomass (organic waste)

2600~6000kCal / 15-30MJ

Rice Husks

Sewerage Sludge
Fermentation Sludge
Processed in 3~6 hours50~70% watercontent
biomass mix

ManureBark

15% water content
Branches, Greencut

The Current System in Operation

Process Water

Separation

Source:aid.de

Organic Resources

HTC Reactor

CarbonSource: http://commons.wikimedia.org

Hydroponics using process water or
production of high-value fertilizer

Cogeneration© By GRENOL GmbHElectricity & Heat

Gasification© Grenol 2014

How to use BioCokes•••••

Energy storage (storable and transportable fuel)Heating with boiler or direct incineration (individual homes, public facilities)
Gasification to produce heat and power (CHP)
Transportation: Fuel source for steam/gas trains
Conditioner for soil (terra preta) & Carbon neutral or negative farming
Biogas Train

FuelGasification
HTC BiocharReactor

City BusGas Engine& CHP

Stable Supply ofHeat & Power1

Direct Incineration

Soil Conditioning
Carbon Sequestration

Utilizing
charcoal forsoilconditioning）
32

Potential for the Development of Community
Based Resource Cycle
Connecting material cycles withenergy production:• BioCokes converts waste to
storable high caloric energy
resource• BioCokes allows baseand peak load management
for the energy production• BioCokes is produced fromvariable resources and is veryflexible• Waste utilization and energy
production create local jobs

Nagai City in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan has included HTC
Technology in the City Plan for “Energy Production, Storage, andEfficiency in Life, Residence, Transportation” to connect various
resource and industrial sectors.

Forestry and Agriculture in Rural Areas provide theright Potential for Economic Growth

Rural Resources shall be used for:
••
•
•
•

Energy storage (storable andtransportable fuel)Heating with boiler or direct incineration(individual homes, public facilities)
Gasification to produce heat and power
Transportation: Fuel source forsteam/gas trains
Conditioner for soil (terra preta) &Carbon neutral or negative farming

Economic Effects in Rural Areas:•••••

Forestry and Farming is labor
intensive, stabilizing and creating
new employment
New investment in newtechnologies
Maintaining beautiful landscapeSupports Tourism
Attracts young talents

Biological Resources (nearly unlimited) build a sound base for revival, if
new technologies and business concepts are successfully implemented

Agenda

1. Strong growth of renewable energies
2. Main Challenges in Germany
3. Example Bioenergy
4. Our Vision – Circular Economy
5. Best Practise Examples – New Technologies
6. Conclusion

Aligning Organizations Across Borders

Experienced Operational Implementation

Commitment & Responsibility

35

Conclusion:
BioEnergy is a great contributor to regional development

It is:• Sustainable (nearly unlimited)• Economical (new income, labour, investment)• Social (community based, collaborative)• Democratic (decentral)
It provides a great opportunity to support and revive economic(re-)development of rural areas
Rural Economies can lead the energy revolution (!!!)
36

Thank you very much for your attention
ご清聴ありがとうございました！

Aligning Organizations Across Borders.

Anhang

Aligning Organizations Across Borders.