a-lt~~±~~~~~·~c.f
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 31

Palaeontological Society of japan
August 15, 1958

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

341. On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai; Part 10, On Pecten(Clllamys) cmssivenius YoKoYAMA and its related specses .... Koichiro MAsuDA 223
342. On Lucinoma aokii, a new Pleistocene Lamellibranch from Chiba Prefecture,
Japan. Notes on Japanese Lucinid lVIolluscus, Part 2.... Katsumi HIRAYAMA 231
343. Electron· Microscopic fine Structure of Fossil Diatoms. V; Observation onsome Diatoms found in the Celatoms ..................................... Haruo 0KuNo 237
344. ~ew Fossil Chlamys from the Environs of Nagano City, Japan .................. .
. . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .rvrasahiko AKIYAMA 243
345. A Gotlandian Nautiloid from the Hida Plateau in Japan .......................... .
... ... . ........ ... ... ...... .. .... ... .. ....... .. . ...... ... . .. . .. ... ... . . . ... .. . ... . . . Teiichi KoBAYAsHI 248
346. Granulifusus from the .Miyazaki Group (Palaeontological Study of the Miya·347.

zaki Group, V) ..................................................................... Tsugio SHuTo 253
Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Later Paleozoic Cal·
careous Algae in Japan, XIII. A Restudy of the Genus Physoporella. . .....
... ... ...... ...... ...... ... .... .. .. . ......... .... ..... .... .. ... ... ... ... ... . . .... ... ... ... ... ... Riuji ENoo 265

SHORT NOTES
2. Once again on a rare Species Triceratium simplex ]. BRuN .......................... .
....................................................................................... vVataru IcHIKAWA 230
PROCEEDINGS ................................................................................................ 270

President:

Hisakatsu YAnECouncillors: Kiyoshi AsANo, Riuji ENoo (Business and Accountant), Seido ENoo,
IIaruyoshi FuJIMoTo (Publication), Shoshiro HANzAwA, Kotora HATAI, Ichiro
HAYAsAKA (General Affairs), Kazuo HuzwKA, Teiichi KoBAYAsHI (Editor),
Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro MATsuMoTo, Masao MINATo, Tokio SHIKAMA, Fuyuji
TAKAI (General Affairs), Ryuzo ToRIYAMA
Secretary: Tetsuro HANAI
Assistant Secretary: Takeo IcHIKAWA
All Communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S .. No. 31. pp. 223-229, pl. 32, Aug. 15, 1958.

3-11.

0~

Tl:lE .l\UOCENE PECTINJDAE FROM TI-IF: ENVIRONS OFSENDAI: PART ll. PECTEN (CHLAMYS) CRASSIVENIUS
YOKOYAMA AND ITS RELATED SPECIES*
KOICHIRO ~1ASUDA
lkp:ll'l ment of Geology, Faculty of Educ:tl ion,
Tohoku University{illbllf.t.il(lj1:lfr~Wi'(

Pcctinidae: :.;0 11, Pr'clrn (Citlamys) crassit•cnins YoKOYAMA "&,'(J;cO)

l!kl.itl!f.fi:z:")t 'i:: 4:H!f.i~l''iirr<::.W1'ktr~t..:t<n~H1")llli"t>il'> ~ il :, ~i.'i:JtM!..f>:il: :r.7tikt~ t (})"t:il'> -:.t:. t.:.
lb. t'E:ilEf!I!N!.= 01/U:.:g:. <(})Dt!.r;tiJ=m-:> t:." ~ft1~1i:El'fYi!fOftltt;'fnftllln~:i1U:Mt0. tfl..e@J: lJ t¥W u
t.:.glti0fJ/i*-2?¥ir.l c l., ~;.'!Jot~;;!*~ (TJfl!! lt.ttl!il· GO)e~L*f<= -::>t 'I: t§:!,H uTl'iJclf!X-2?fit '· :;j;:fil\(})f#-::>

li!!T~·:f(f.Jt..:.~~i> fli'illtl<:.;lifu

v f.:.o ~ ~> fC~'g·tJ: /ai!I~.Y£!JiUt~~fljj,:li!IQf1i.iilJU..>1Lilii@J: IJ ~~HA:.

crussil'enius !Clr..U.:ffrH\-2?,k!4~Lt. izurensis t~iil.A.:oPt•cteu (Cillamys) crassiz•cuius was firstdescribed by l\1. YDiwYAMA based upona single left valve lacking the apicalregion from the Nanao formation near
Nanao City, Ishikawa Prt>feclure, andsubsequently it has been reported frommany localities of the Japanese Neogene
Tertiary.
This species is of particular interest
because of its peculiar sculpture, moreor less restricted geologica I range andrather wide geographical distribution.
The occurrence of cmssit•euius in forma·tions of more or less similar lithology
serve as important data in analysing its
paleoecological conditions.
Lately the writer together with Mr.
Kin·ichi NAKAYA, student of the Insti·
tute of Geology and l'aleontology,
Faculty of Science, Tohoku University,
collected many specimens of Pecten(Ciz!amys) crassit•enius from the 1\Iiocene.lfllfl ~- .ti'B

Suzukamo formation in the upstreamof the lwasawa, Waga·machi. Waga·
gun, Iwate Prefecture. And more re·cently he collected several interesting
specimens rescmbli ng crassirenius from
the Miocene 1\okozura formation at
Izura, Otsu·machi, Kita-Ibaraki City,
Ibaraki Prefecture. Taking this oppor·
tunity. the writer wishes to describe
the features of crassivenius and to describe a new species.
Numerous specimens preserved in thecollections of the Department of Geology,
Faculty of Education. Tohoku University, of the Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University. and of the Saito Ilo·on Kai
Museum. all in Sendai City. and theholotype of rmssiz•euius in the collectionof the Inst itutc of Geology, Faculty of
Science. Tokyo University. were studied
by the writer. The results of examina·tion are presented herein.
Acknowledgements arc due to Dr.
Kotora HATAI of the Department of* Received Oct. 18, 1957; read at 66th meeting of the Society at Akita, June 15, 1957.
223

22-J

K6ichiro MAsunA

Geology, Faculty of Education, Tohoku
University, for his kind supervision.
Thanks are due to Mr. Kin-ichi NAKAYA
for his assistance in the field.

Family Pectinidae
Subfamily PectininaC'
Genus G!oripa!!ium IREllALE, 1939
G!oripal/ium crassivenium(YaKOYA~IA),

1929

Plate 32, Figures la-c, 2:~-b, 3a-d.
1929.

1935.

Pecten (CIJ/amys) cmssh•enius YoKOYA·
MA. Imp. Geo!. Sun•. Japan, Rep. No.
104, p. 6. pl. 6. fig. l.
Clt!am_\'S
cras.~hvmia(YoKOYAMA),
0TUKA, Bull. Earthq. Res. !nsf.. Vol.
13. Pt. ·1. p. 886, pl. 55, figs. 137, 139,
Hl.

Pecll'lt (Chlamys) crassi1•cnius YoKOYA·
MA, NoMURA. Sci. Rep., Toholm Imp.
Unil•., Ser. 2, Vol. 21, No. 1, pl. 2. figs.
13a-b.
1940. Peclrn(Stcijtopecten)
1/llllakitaensis
NAKAMURA. four. Geo/. Soc. Japan, Vol.
47, No. 561, p. 37, text-fig. L
1954. Gloripa//ium crassivenium (YoKoYAMA).
lhRAYAMA, Sci. Rep.,
1iJkyo Kyoiku
Daigalm. Se1·. C. Vol. 3, No. /8, p. 52.
pl. 3, figs. 11. 12. 18.
1940.

M. YoKoYAMA'S original description isquoted below for the sake of persons towhom the original work is inaccessible.
"Shell medium-sized. thick. compressed, orbicular. slightly higher than long,subequilateral, radiately ribbed. Ribs
nine, strong, rounded. trichotomous withthe middle branch somewhat larger
than the lateral ones, coarsely scaly.
with interspaces broader and fi lied withfour or five equal or unequal scaly
riblets. Inner border crenate. Height
64 mm. Length 62 mm. Depth 12.3mm.''

The specimens collected by the writerwith the assistance of K. NAKAYA, takethe following description.
Shell moderate in size, higher thanlong. moderately thick, compressed,
nearly equivalve. inequilateral, posteriorside longer than anterior: convexity
more or less asymmetrical. maximum
depth situated posteriorly in right valve
and anteriorly in left: valves radiately
ribbed. and forming an angle of about
90° at apex.
Right valve with nine to ten. elevated,strongly imbricated radial ribs and a
few imbricated intercalary threads
between them: radial ribs broader thantheir interspaces which arc smooth orornamented by obtuse network, divided
into conspicuously imbricated: seyeralparts by shallow longitudinal furrows
which arc much narrower than the
diyided threads and rather smooth-bottomed: divided radial threads on thecent rat part of radial ribs usuallyhroadt•r than the lateral ones: radialribs ncar submargins narrower andless elevated than those of central
part of disc, and may divided intot\vo or remain undivided: primary eli·vision of radial ribs first appears near
the beak with or without scales. andfurther division. intercalation and imbrication gradually increases towards
the vent raJ margin: scales nearly eliselike in shape, rather fiat, becoming
closely packed and imbricate or overlap
towards the ventral margin, inclined
apically: intercalary threads usually
two or t hrce in number, first appears at
about hal r of elise length. subcqual tolateral divided threads: anterior auricle
triangular in form and larger thanposterior one. sculptured with a few
imbricated radial threads and concentric lines, and furnished with very
shallow byssal notch, rat her narrow

225

On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai; Part II

hyssal area, but in younger shell withsomewhat deeper byssal notch than in
adult specimens: posterior auricle·
truncated behind at about right angle
and slightly concave dowmvards. andsculptured with several imbricatedradial threads and concentric lines:
hinge with rather distinct cardinal
crura. ill-developed ctenolium. andrather wide and shallow resilial pit
provided with faint lateral ridges. Leftvalve with sculpture almost similar to

the right. though radial ribs usuallydivided into three or rarely several
parts ·by longitucli nal furrows, the mid·die one in the case of trifurcation being
larger than lateral ones; interspaces
between radial ribs somewhat narrower
than or nearly equal to the radial ribs,
furnished with three to five equal or
subequal imbricated intercalary threads.
Internal surface folded. and with fineserration at Yentral margin.

Dimensions in mm. :~

..

---

Right

I Right**

81

77

7-t
3~

66
28

12

38

35

:15

:10

36 5
33.5
15
18.5
16.5

7

7

~)0''

90'

6.5
85¢

Vah·e

Right

HeightLengthLAS*
LPS*
Hinge-length
Depthi\ pica I angle

l\3
73

32
•II

I

Right

I

Left

Left

Left

Left**

81

7()

74

36.5
33.5

5.5

84
75
32
43
34
7

90°

90'

I

:12

G7
28

._..,.

I''

39

18.5

35
7.5

:1:1

16.5

90'

~)(l•

7

15

5.7
90"

----

* LAS i~ the anterior diameter of the vah·e that lies in front of the plane passing
perpendicular to the hinge at the beak. and the posterior diameter of that of
LPS. L1\S=abbreviation for length of anterior side. LPS=abbrcviat ion forlcngt h of posterior side. The methods of measurement are according to C. B.
DAVENI'OI!T(1903).

**Specimens from Izumo (Shimane Prefecture), and preserved in the collection of
the Institute of Geology and Paleontolog1·. Tohoku llnivcr~ity.

Type Locality. Formation and Geological/lge:-Iwaya, Nanao City, Ishikawa Pre·
fecture. Nanao formation. Early Miocene.
Described Specimens :-Upstream of the
Iwasawa, Waga·machi. \.Yaga-gun, Iwate
Prefecture. Very fine-grained sandstoneof the Suzukamo formation (1\Iiocene).
DGS, Reg. Nos. :3401 and 340~.
Remarks :-This species is charactcriz·
eel by the compressed, posteriorly con·torted shell which is higher than long.
nine to ten elevated radial ribs which
are divided into several. conspicuously
imbricated radial threads by shallow

longitudinal furrows. a few imbricatedintercalary threads. triangular anteriorauricle furnished with a shallow byssal
notch. ill-developed ctenolium. and finemarginal serration on internal surface.
Very rarely the radial ribs consist of aset of two radial ribs and the interspace
between them is very shallow and nar·row. and with no intercalary thread.
As already described, the imbricationof the scales on the radial ribs is socharacteristic and so conspicuous thatthe external casts of this species some·times show the characteristic features.
However, sometimes such features are

226

Koichiro MAsUDA

not observed. and when only externalmoulds are faintly preserved or obliterated. they may be misjudged for adifferent species. Careful observationsof shell form, arrangements of radialribs and features of auricles even in
mould specimens serve to distinguish
this species from its related forms.
This species has hitherto been report·
ed under generic names of Pecten andChlamys. but recently K. HrRAYAMA(195-1) referred it to the genus GlorijJ(tl·lium with some doubt. The writer also
considers that this species may be referred with some doubt to the genus
Gloripallium.
However. the genericcharacters of G!oripa!lium differ fromthe present species in having the cardinal crura consisting of two, verystrong. diverging, Yery rugose ribs.
Comparison
andAffinity:- Peden(Swiftopecten) nanakitaensis was describ-

ed by M. NAKAMURA (1940) based upona cast of a single right valve from the
Miocene Nanakita formation at Doni·
wayama. Izumi-machi.
lVliyagi-gun,
Miyagi Prefecture and was distinguished from the present species by thesmaller shell, fewer number of radialribs and different surface sculpture.
However. by the re·examinat ion of thetype specimen (IGPS. coli. cat. no. Gl331)
preserved in the collection of the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University. the writer considers thatnanakitaeusis is a synonym of cmssive·nium.
When this species is badly waterworn, the characteristic surface sculp·
ture becomes obliterated, so that it
sometimes
resembles" Patinopecten
kagamiauus (YoKoYAMA)" having a lessnumber of radial ribs. However, it
differs from .. kagamianus" by the posteriorly contorted shell, possession ofseveral intercalary threads, and char·acteristics of the auricles in the rightvalve. and in the left valve by theradial ribs which are nearly equal tothe interspaces in breadth.
Oct;urrence :-The specimens collectedfrom the very line-grained sandstone of
the Suzukamo formation usually occur
with intact valves and they are arranged parallel with the bedding plane. In
the case of intact valves. the right isalways the lower and the left the upper.
therefore. it is probable that they wereburied i11 situ. The molluscan shells
found in the association belong tosuch genera as So!emya. Lima/uta, Luciuoma. l\1acoma etc., and the majority ofthem also occur with intact valves. In
general. the present species is common
in fine-grained sandstone or sandy siltstone. but rather rare in coarse-grainedsandstone or conglomerate. From such

Text-t1g. Map showing the distributionof Gloripallium crassive11ium (YoKOYAMA)in Japan.
l. Suzukamo. 2. Maekawa. 3. Kotsunagi. 4. Nanamagari. 5. Aoso andNanakita. 6. Tsunaki. 7. Urushikubo.
8. Kobana. 9. Kutegawa. 10. Nanao.
11. Iori. 12. Uncertain in Shimane
Prefecture.

On lhc l'vlioccnc Pcctinidae from the Environs of Sendai; Part IIfacts, it may be inferred that crassioenium probably preferred a sea bottom
cons1st1ng of line-grained sediments
rather than of coarse ones and in regions not influenced by strong currents.
Cmssh•enium is now known to occur
from such formations as the Nanao andKutcgawa of Ishikawa Prefecture. theIori of Toyama. the Kobana of Tochigi.
the Urushikubo of Fukushima. theTsunaki, Aoso. Nanakita and Nanarnagari of Miyagi, the Maekawa and Suzukamo of lwate, and the Kotsunagi of
Akita Prefectures. It is also recorded
from Shi mane Prefecture but the exact
locality and formation remain unknmvn(text-fig.). The geological age of theformations which have yielded thepresent species may all be referred to
the J'vlioccnc, and the writer considers
that the geological range of crassioenium
is restricted to the early Miocene in a
twofold division.
Gloripa!lium izurensis MAsunA, n. sp.
l'lalc 32, Figures •1. 5a-b. 6.

Shell rather small in size, higher thanlong, rather thin, nearly equi valve,moderately intlated. inequilateral. anterior side a little less than posterior:valves radiately ribbed. and forming anangle of about 85° at apex.
Right valve with six, elevated radialribs, in which two ncar submargins are
narrower and less elevated than thoseof central part of disc. a few intercalarythreads between the radial ribs, andfine network; radial ribs in the central
part of disc conspicuously elevated,round-topped, broader than their interspaces. and divided into several parts
with no scales by shallow longitudinalfurrows near the beak: divided radial
threads on the backs of radial ribs tend
to become obsolete downwards. but

227

numerous radial threads appear ncar
the ventral margin; intercalary threads
four or a little more in number, appear
near the ventral margin and subcqualto the divided threads in strength:
anterior auricle much larger and longer
than the posterior, sculptured withseveral radial threads and concentriclines. and furnished with deep byssal
notch and rather wide byssal area:
posterior auricle truncated behind at
about right angle, slightly concave
downwards, and sculptured like theanterior: hinge with rather distinct
cardinal crura, ctenolium, rather wideand shallow resilial pit provided withlateral ridges. Left valve with five,elevated. finely imbricated radial ribs.
several intercalary threads between theradial ribs, and fine network; radialribs narrower than thci r intcrspaccs,
divided into finely imbricated, several
parts by shallow longitudinal furrows;
primary eli vision of radial ribs appears
near the beak with fine scales, andfurther intercalation and imbrication
gradually increase towards the ventral
margin; several intercalary threads
appear near the ventral margin; anterior auricle triangular in form and muchlarger than the posterior, sculptured
with a few radial threads and concentric lines: posterior auricle sculptured
like the anterior.
Internal surface
distinctly folded corresponding to theexternal sculpture, and with fine serration at ventral margin.
Type Locality, Formation and GeologicalAge :-lzura, Otsu-machi. Kita-lbaraki
City. Ibaraki Prefecture. Lat. 36°49'06"
N.. Long. 140°48'02" E. Kokozura formation. lVIiocene.
Depository :-Holotype, DGS. Reg. No.
3577. Paratype, DGS, Reg. No. 3578.
Remarlls :-The right valve of thisspecies is characterized by its rather

228

K6ichiro MAsuDA
-

Valve

Right*

Right

Right

----

Left

Left**-----

Crl. 45
13.5
fi3
29
35
47
39.5
12.5
26
33
2~
17.5
12
18
6.;)"
15.5
25
14
21.5
7
15.5
17.5
8. 5
13
9
5.5
9
2
65
goo
ss·
85°
85°
85"
----------Dimentions in mm: * Holotype. ** Specimen from the Suenomatsuyama formation at
Jyumonji, Tomac·mura, Ninohe-gun. I wate )Jrefcclure.

HeightLengthLAS
LPS
1-1 i nge-length
Depth
Apical angle

small, moderately inflated shell which
is provided with five to six. conspicuously elevated radial ribs which are
divided into several parts by shallow
longitudinal furrows ncar the beak. andby the divided threads which tend to
become obsolete tO\vards the ventral
margin and the numerous divided
threads near the ventral margin: left
valve by five to six. elevated radial ribs
which are divided into several parts
with finely imbricated scales.
Comparison and ilffinity :-G!uripallium
crassivenium (YoKoYAMA). described inearlier pages. is closely related toizurensis. but the latter distinguishable
from crassivenium by the small shell.
much elevated and less number ofradial ribs with no scales, deep byssal
notch in the right valve. and in theleft valve by the less number of radialribs which are divided into several
parts furnished with finely imbricatedscales.
Occurrence :-Kokozura formation inlbaraki Prefecture; Ajiri formation inlVIiyagi Prefecture and Suenomatsuyama
formation in Iwatc Prefecture: Earlylo Late l\'fiocene in age.

Heferences
DAVENPORT, C. 13. (1903), A Comparison ofSome Pectens from the East and theWest Coasts of the United States. Mark

Explanation of Plate 32
Figs. la-c. Gloripallitml crassivenium (YoKOYAMA). a. Right valve, X 1. b. A part of the outersurface of Fig. la . xca. 1.7. c. Hinge area of Fig. la, xl. DGS, Reg. No. 3·101.
Loc. Upstream of Iwasawa. Waga-machi, Waga-gun. Iwate Prefecture.
Figs. 2a-b. Gloripallium crassil.tenium (YoKOYAMA). a, Left valve, x l. b. Hinge area of Fig.
2a, x l. DGS. Reg. No. 3402. Loc. Same as above.
Figs. 3a-d. Gloripallium crassirenium (YoKOYAMA). a. Hight valve. xl. b. Internal view ofFig. 3a. xl. c, Left valve, xl. d, Internal view of Fig. 3c. xl. IGPS, coiL cat.
no. 72,184. Loc. Shimane Prefecture (locality unknown).
Fig. ·1. G/oripallizmz izurensis MASUDA, n. sp. Paratype, DGS, Reg. No. 3578. Loc. lzura, Otsumachi, Kita-Ibaraki City, lbaraki Prefecture.
Figs. 5a-b. Gloripallium izurensis MAsUDA. n. sp. Holotype. DGS, Reg. No. 3577. a, Right
valve, x 1. b, Internal view of Fig. 5a. Loc. Same as above.
Fig. 6. Gtoripallium izurensis MASUDA, n. sp. Para type, DGS. Reg. J'lio. 3578. Left valve. X 1.
Loc. Same· as above.

Plate 32

MAsuDA : Miocene Pectinidae

2b:,. ~-' ,.t-...

... -··-- ·-.rr"""'.. .. •' .
-K. MAsuDA Photo.

""On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai; Part 11;lnni1•. Vol .. pp. 123-136, 1 pl.
IIATAJ. 1\., and S. N1sJYAMA (l!l39). Palae·
ontological Note:> on Certain Japanese
Scallops. jour. Geol. Soc. fapa/1, Vol. 46.
11/o. 5·J.I, pp. 37-46, 3 text.figs.
- - and-- (1952), Check List of JapaneseTertiary ?\Iarine Mollusca. Sci. Rep.,
Tolioku U11i1•., Ser. 2, Special Vol. No. 3,·16·1 pp.
JIAYAKAWA, N., Y. FUNAYAMA, K. SAITO andX KITAMUUA (195,1), The Tertiary
Geology of the Region from the 'Western
Kitakami Mountainland to the Back Boneof the Northeastern Japan, I wate Pre·fcdurc. (in Japanese). Tolzoku Kozan,
No. Jt!, !17 J>p. 19 figs.
HIRAYAMA, 1\. (195-1). Miocene Mollust:a fromthe Arakawa Group, Tochigi Prefedure.
japan. Sci. Rep., Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku.
Ser. C, Vol. 3, No . .18, pp. 43-75. 3 pis.
IREDALE, T. (I!J3!l), Great Barrier Reef Ex·
pedition, I!J:!l:!-:!9, Mollusca, Part 1. Sci.
Rep., Great /farrier Reef ~~~rA·d .. Vol 5,
No. 6', pp. 20!1--125, 7 pis.
l'viAsUt>A. 1\. (1\151), Geology of the Vicinityof Machino-machi and \\'ajima-machi.
Noto l'cninsula, Japan. (in Japanese).
(-;1'(1(/. 11wsis, Tolw!m U11i1•. (l\IS).
NAKAMUilA, M. (1!140), An Interesting Pecten
from the Nanakita Beds, Nenosiroisi·

229

mura. Miyagi-gun, J.'vliyagi-Iwn.
four.
Ceo/. Soc. }ajxm, Vol. ·17, No. 561, pp.
37-38, 1 text-fig.
NoMURA. S. (19-10), Molluscan Fauna of thel\·1oni wa Shell Bed exposed along theNatori-gawa in the Vicinity of Sendai,
Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Sci. Rep., To·hoku Imp. Unit•., Ser. 2. Vol. 2 I, No. 1,
pp. 1-46, 3 pis.
OTUK.-\., Y. (1935), The Oti Graben in Sou·
thern Noto Peninsula. Japan. Part 3.
Bull. Ear/hq. Res. ills/., Vol. 13, Pt . .J,
pp. 846-909, 5 pis.
SUGAWARA. Y. (1956), Geology of the Vicini·ty of Uguisu2awa-machi. Kurihara-gun,
Miyagi Prefecture. Japan. (in Japanese).
Grad. 111esis. Tolwku U11il•. (MS).
SuzuKI, K .. and T. YosmPA (195<i), The
Tertiary and Quaternary Systems inSouthwestern Part of the Aizu Basin,
Fukushima Prefecture. (in Japanese).
four. Geol. Soc. ]ajxm, Vol. lj2, No. 727,
pp. 161-176, 9 figs.
WATANABE, K., and M. SATO (1937). Expla·
natory Text of the Geological Map ofJapan, Nakoso Shed. lmj>. Ceo!. Sun•.
Japan. pp. 1-77.
YoKOYAMA, M. (1929), Pliocene Shells fromnear Nanao, Noto. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan,
Rep. No. JO.J. pp. 1-7, ti pis.

Trans. !'roc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S., No. 31. p. 230, Aug. 15, 1958.

SHORT NOTES
2.

Once again on a rare species

Triceratium simplex .J. BRUN*\Vataru lcHtKAWA
Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University

I stated reasons for the determinationof a rare species Triceratium simplex j.
BRuN on Trans. !'roc. Palaeonl. Soc.
japan. N. S., No. '27, pp. 107-lO!J, pl. 18.
Sept. 30, 1957.
In the end of December, I\.. NAKAsEKo
who is the instructor of the Geological
Institute, the Osaka University called at
our laboratory. So I had an opportunity
to exchange our views on the samples
which were described by me as belonging to a rare species Triceratium simplex

minute structures of skeletons still remain as they wnc. Especially, thespongy tissue of their skeletons is characteristic, and such tissue can not befound in any structure of the Diatomaceae.
As figures 1-6 in pl. IS of my paper
show. these specimens can easily arrange themselves one after a not her
according to their forms.
But onNAKASEKo's opinion, these specimens asRadiolaria are grouped into two genera;
namely. figures l-4 belong to Diclyocorynt', figures 5-6 to Rhopalodictyum.
The ground of naming the above
fossils as Triceralium simplex depends
entirely on the figure and descriptionof ]. BRuN and j. TEMPERE (1889). If
their works at that time are far frombeing perfect, my naming these fossils
as a species of the Diatomaceae does notseen fit in logical conclusion. On sucha consideration. I remove these fossi Is
from a species of the Diatomaceae, andaccording to NAKASEKo's opinion, propose to suggest these as some generaof the Radiolaria. In this case, as lhave no up-to-date knowledge of Radiolaria, I am indebted to NAKASEKO forthe classification and nomenclature ofof these specimens.

]. BRuN.

Some samples which I have used inthis paper are very silicified and theirminute structures have suffered utterchange beyond recognition. They arealso found in the relatively old period
from the upper l'vliocene to the lower
PI iocene in the Neogene Tertiary of]a pan.
The main point in our discussions isthat outlines of the rare species bear aremarkable resemblance to some onesof the Radiolaria. He showed me somesamples of recent species of the Radiolaria, and explained their outlines andstructures by means of a microscope.
Each sample is very fresh. and their* Received May 12. 1958.
230

Trans. Proc. Palacont. Sue. Japan. N. S.. No. 31. pp. 231-236, pl. 33, Aug. 15, 1958.

3!2.

ON LUCINOMA AOKIJ. A NEW PLEISTOCENE
LAl\lELLIBRANCH FROM CHIBAPREFECTURE, JAPAN*-Notes of Japanese Lucinid Molluscs Part :3KATSU!\11 HIRAYAl\lA
Tokyo University of Education=f~9il.fli'r!l!ffrlf:l:-:.fxQ.O)jljif•R Lucinoma aokii !i::."?t'"C:~f!fi'Lill*fiE l.ucina fHHtti'!>liJf~1';:,? ; r:. =f·!T:1~fi\O) 'J.!ffr*lt ~)~/fi:IJ · G Lucinonuz ~OY~H" <::k~~'/O)f'?.!*tJ:i!i'WIT;,;, C c -i>11h t:.o
JE!jf'?,i;;j,:,,tf,'E*Jlflj tt "[ t • 1.> flfi aculi/ineala. spectabilis !_.: E ICTJi(l:l"t 7.> '/;>. 1t~f;Jntl0MW:i\'i@:IJ:.J21b
I? H7.> 0)1:' Lucinoma aokii O)fji~fi f. -i> ib t:. ;U:., ~·~n::)..:Ji2t~;4.:.flUIC "?t '"C. "t O:rJli!:t~'f:ft1h.l: 0:!J{Il~tf:J~~-etm}!l.:~f11J1Jf..,f:.o

,;y..

iJJ

Jl1.i

~

related with the production of the abnormal forms. The tentative conclusion
regarding the great growth of Lucinoma
aollii is the very good environmental
adaptation as well as the increase of
the growth clement of the animal assuggested by the investigation of relative growth.
Here particular notice attention should
be given to another gigantic lucinid
known as Lucinoma spectabilis. a shell
which has been reported only from the
Pliocene Koshiba formation of the J\liura
Peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture by M.
YoKoYAMA.
It may be added that together with L. aokii, so far as knownat present, it is restricted in stratigraphical range from the Upper Pliocene?
to the Lower Pleistocene. The specimens of L. acutilineata and L. ammlata
have not been found from these deposits,
at least not from the Kasamori andor a part of the Koshiba formatior~s inthe Southern Kwanto district. although
they are not rare in Japan, fossil or
Recent.

I ntroduetion

During his paleontological studies on
lucinid molluscs from Japan, the writerround an interesting specimen which
was collected by himself from the sandy
siltstone of the Pleistocene Kasamori
formation. Boso Peninsula. Chiba Prefecture. This interesting lucinid ischaracterized by its unusually large
size. and as a result of the study. a
new name is proposed in this paper.
This paper also gives a brief surveyof the statistical studies on the relative
growth of the present one and its allied
species. The result of this investigation suggests that the growth of thisgigantic species represents a different
Although data arc insufficient
type.
with regard to this problem of extraordinarily large size. we may assume thepossibility that a change in their environmental condition or the physiologicalacceleration of the animal individuals are* Received Oct. 25, 1957: read June 18, 1955.
231

Katsumi HIRAYAMA

232!\!any species of Lucinoma have be(•fldescribed from the l\liocene rocks ofJapan: these have appeared under thenames of izirii, katayosensis. lumezmcaensis. otukai. shinokii. gracilislriata. hannibali. columbiana and so called awtiliueata and a111111lata. These mentioned
species are each characterized by specific features but some may be closely
related with one a not her. On the contrary, from the upper Pleistocene andRecent seas of Japan only "awtilineata"and "annulata" have been found.
From the many species with different
geological ranges and different si?.cs
and shapes may be not worthy that thesignificance of the phenomenon has relation with the consideration of thephylogeny of the genus Lucinoma. However. the possibility is reserved as a
future project owing to that there still
remains much to be studied.
Before going to the description. thewriter wishes to offer his thanks toProfessor Kotara lLo..TAI for his valuable advice and reading the manuscript.
Description of Species
Family Lucinidae

Genus Lucinoma DALL, ElOl
Lucinoma aokii HIRAYAMA, n. sp.
Plate 33, Figures 1-6.

Description :-Shell very large. test
thick. strongly convex, equivalve, inequilateral: nearly circular in outline,
length being slightly greater than theheight. Beaks small. more or less prominent, situated anterior to middle.
Antero-dorsal slope very short, steeply
concave. forming with anterior bordera remarkable angulation. Anterior margin ·bluntly angulated, antero-ventral
nearly straight, passing into well curved
ventral and posterior margins. Postero-dorsal slope long, regularly and roundly
rounded toward posterior margin. l\Iaximum convexity of the shell slightly
dorsal to middle of the shell height.
Very indistinct bluntly depressed area
on both sides of valve presents obliquearea at postero-ventral corner. Shellsurface of immature and middle stages
sculptured by periodic and concentriclamellae which are separated by interspaces wider and variable in width. But
the sculpture of adult or marginal region represented by narrow, fine andirregularly raised, numerous concentricstriae. Lunule small for si?.e of shell,elongated-ovate in shape. Sulcus deeply
depressed, provided with very fine oblique lines: escutcheon narrow lanceolate,long distinctly marginated. Both extending throughout almost whole length ofantero- and postcro-dorsal margins. Inncr surface of the shell porcellaneous,somewhat lucid. smooth. but becomesrough and pinples at the margin. Anterior muscular impression long. parallelto antero- ventral margin and posterior
muscular impression nearly ovate, large
in size: both distinctly depressed. A
blunt ridge extends obliquely from postero-ventral border toward umbo.
Dimensions in mm. :-Length 101,height 95, thickness 56, length of lunule
2:1.1, width of lunule 8.·1. length of escutcheon 53.5 and width of escutcheon
6.2 ; thickness of shell 4.5-6.0. Holotype
specimen. Most of the paratype specimens are more or less fractured. Therefore, either length or height and theother dimensions arc not measured. However, the specimens from Nagahata isrepresented by inner mould and its
dimensions are:Length
--'
1.

2.

I

Height _ : Thi~kness

i6

ca.69

, ca. 69

64

I

~~-

41

I

32

-~~-·--~---~~

On Lucinoma aollii, a New Pleistocene Lamcllibranch from Chiba

Comparisons:- This new species bears
some resemblance with Lucinoma ::;pectahilis (YotWYAMA), L. acutiliueala (CoNI~An) and L. 111/llllfata (R1mv~-:). but may
be distinguished from them as to bementioned. This species may be distinguished from spectabilis which wasrecorded from the Pliocene Koshiba formation in the l\Iiura Peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture, by the different typeof sculpture of the shell surface. morerounded ventral. posterior and posterodorsal margins and more sharp angle
between antero-dorsal and anterior borders: from acutiliucata and amwlata.
which ranges from the Miocene rocks
up to the l~eccnt seas of japan, by its
larger size and the characteristics ofthe mentioned features upon \vhich it
was established.
Unfortunately, comparative investigation ,,-ith YoKoYAMA's
original specimen of L. spectal!ilis has
been left untouched owing to causalties
during the World War II and the topotype specimen in the writer's collection
is not perfect. Therefore, comparison
was made upon YoKoYA~tA's originaldescription and figures. This species
resembles Miltlw (Lucinoma) awwlata( REEn:), reported by T. FuJITA (1929, p.
G2, pl. :{, fig. 4) from Tatcyama Bay,
Chiba Prefecture. He stated that thisshell attains a very large size atmaturity and may be a synonym of
YoKoYAMA's spectabilis. However, thewriter should like to separate them forthe reasons already mentioned. This
species is also related to Lucinoma
lieroicus i>ALL an East American species
in its general outline and sculpture in
the immature and middle stages ofthe shell, but the aspects in the adultstage tend to a more rounded outline
and finer sculpture.
Remarks :-The specific name is dedicated to Mr. Shigeru AoKI of our Insti-

233

tute for his kind suggestions with regard to the writer's study of Lucinidmolluscs.
Comparative investigations were madeon specimens of Lucinoma acutilineala,L. amw!ata and this new species. The
specimens of acutilineata and ammlata
comprises the writer's collect ion fromvarious localities and horizons of thejapanese Tertiary and Quaternary deposits. Besides, some specimens fromthe Pleistocene deposits of California,
North America, were used for comparison with the japanese materials.
The investigation made on the left
valve included the length, height anddepth of the shell at each of the stages
in the process of growth. As shown in
Text-figure 1. the recognized twelve
growth stages were defined by the concentric striae which were plotted atvoluntary points along the shell height,
and the measurements were determinedalong the border line of the defined
stage. These dimensions are carefullymeasured with callipers, and the valuesarc counted to 1/20 mtn.

Text-fig. 1.

Method of 1\leasurcment.

The results of calculation and measurements arc shown in the following
Table 1, and graphically in Text-figure
2.
So far as these observations are concerned. it may be inferred that thegrowth of the present materials showsdifferent trends through their stages.

Values of L., H., D. and H/L. D/L in 12 growth stages.

Table l.

Growth 1-----a;;)JliC(left valve, holotype)1
stagesL.
H. I D.
H/L ·- D/L L.
-·------1 1115 10. 0
2. 3 86. 9,1 20. 00
8. 0
2 ! 18. 1 16. 0
3.1 88.39 17.10 10.9~-----~f:!

3 i 26.3 23. 1
4 , 3·14 31. o
5 42. 5 39. 8
6 49.1 47.5
7 64.5 ' 60.0
8 74. 2 67.0
9 82.0 73.0

I

.2
('j

E

E

1
~

:;
~

10
11

88. 8
95. 0
o

-~~1o1.

s.J. 2

acutilineata*H.

ammlata*·D. 1 H/L 1 D/L

L.

1. 0 : 83. 75112. 50

8. 6
10. 9

H. ilfi-H/L

So-called "acutilineata "**
H/L
b~

I D/L

--

-------·~---------------·--·---

6. 7
9. 0

1. 7

8~. 57

15. 59

7. 8
10. 0

0. 7
0. 9

90. 69 : 9. 14
91.74 I 8. 25

70. 90-93. 54/3.51-90. 00

8. 18-10. 51
9. 09- 9. 93

90.91
92. 54
90. 48
91. 51
93.24
94. 35
95. 76

8. 33
9. 31
9. 45
11. 06
11. 7413 72
15. 2670. 14-87.58
77. 50-82. 95
87. 31-89. 57
88.47-90. 04
90.91-93.17
91.63-95.52
94. 73-96. 03

8. 27-14.28
ro. 58-16. 66
13. 26-16. 79
14. •15-20. 68
16. 07-21.31
17.89-22.38
17. 99-23.45

4. 9 87.82 I 18. 63
6. 8 90. 11 1 19. 76
8. 6 93. 63 , 20. 23
9. 3 96. 74 18.94
13. 1 93. 20 . 20.31
15.4 90.29 ' 20.75
20. 0 ' 89 03 24.31

14. 1
18. 1
23. ·<1
29.2
36.2
42. 1
43. 7

11.9
15. 4
20. 0
25.3
31.2
35. 8
39. 6

2. 2
2. 7
2. 9
3. 2
4. 2
6. 1
7. 5

84.39 ' 15. 60 , 13.2 · 12. 0 1. 1
85. 11 14. 92 • 16. 1 14. 9 1. s
85. 47 12. 59 20. 1 18. 1 1. 9
86. 64 10.96 23.5 21.4 I 2. 6
86. 19 11.56 28. 1 26.2 3. 3
85. 03 14.49 31.9 30. 1 ; 4. 4
90 62 17. 16 35.4 33.9 5. 4

8. 1
9. 0

92. 69 117. 42
93. 57 18. 66

38. 9
42. 8

37. 1 . 6. 2 '195. 86
41. 2 7. 8 96. 25

15. 93
18. 22

94. 44-96. 56 ' 17. 63-23. 67
94. 12-96. 93 18. 27-24. 0·1;:>=::

93. 26121. 98

45. 6

44.

20. 1992. os-94. 97

;:'.

88. 9

22. 8
27. 0

94. 83
93. 58

25. 66
28. 42

46. 5
48. 2

43. 1
45. 1

94. s

2s. 5 . 93. s6

2s. 315o. 5

47. 1 11. 1

1

1

1

1

~

9. 2

96. 93

1

19. 55-23. 31* Specimens from the Pleistocene deposits of California. USA. that are considered to be typical forms.
++ Japanese Tertiary and Recent specimens of the so called .. acutilineata ".

The maximum and minimum values of HfL and DfL

only are shown.
(3Q)100

t-:1...."-'>

A(20)100(10)90(15) 85~-------5~----~~10~---

(5)85

B

130, - - A

:::

~

:::>

E

>

B

-------c

.'

.

120

~------~------~--~~

110

Text-fig. 2: Graphic Representa·tion of the Results: Relationship of
H/L and D/L (A-D) and values of
H+D/L (E) in 12 growth stages.
A; Lucinoma aokii( - : H/L, ... ... D/L)
B: L. acutilineata (,)
C ; L. amllllata(,)
D ; So-called L. acutiliueata ( , )E; A :-L. aokii, B :-L. acuti!iueata.
C :-L. annulata.

( 25) 95~~-------75----~~1~0---

"'9
~
.;.

(15) 95(101 80rn

90
10

On Luci11oma aokii. a New Pleistocene Lamellibranch from Chiba
Table 2:

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

H-1-D
Values of ~--L--

aokii

amlili11ealaammlata

93.49
105.!i3

98. !13100. 00
99.24
101. 8699.50
102. 12104.98108.15111. 01
113.31

96.25
98. 16100. 00
100.009o.S6
97.60
9o. 7999.52
107.78110.17114.48117. 10112. 2-l
115.25I (Hi. •IG

109.!18
113.88115.68113.33
II I. 05113. ·11120. ·l!l122.00121. 78-~--

That is to say, the growth of Lucinoma
aokii is disti nclly faster than the others
and also becomes separate as an abnormal fortll since the immature stage. The
cause and significance of this problem
arc explained in the compatibility orchange of their environmental condition
or I he physiological acceleration of theanimal. However, before conclusive remarks arc given there remains more to
be invest igatcd.
Localities and Geo/ogiral Horizons:This new species was collected from the
Pleistocene Kasamori formation exposednear Kasamori (Type locality). Uchihata.
Nagahata and Kuriyama. Chiba Prefecture. The Kasamori formation whichyielded the present specimens is aname first proposed by K. SAK."-KURA(1935) as the second division from thelower of his Tsurumai group, and to
this unit also belongs the Togane silt
Beds and Yoanji silt and sand Beds
of 0JNOMIKAno and lKEnE (1934}. The
above mentioned localities in further
details are given in the following list.
(1} Road-side cliff at the entrance ofthe tunnel, a little southwest of Kasamori village. Minakami-mura, Chosei-

235

gun, Chiba Prefecture. Lat. 35.23'30"N.
Long. 140· ll'20"E. topographic map inthe scale of 1/50,000, "Anegasaki ". Type
locality. Common. Reg. No. 10392. IIolo·
type; Reg. No. 10393. Paralypc. Lowerpart of the Kasamori formation, Pleistocene.
(2) Road-side cliff at Uchihata. Nagaemura. Chosei-gun, Chiba Prefecture.
Lat. 35.27'25''N. Long. l-to•J5'15''E. •· Ancgasaki ".
Common.
Reg. No. 1039-1.
Lower part of the Kasamori format ion.
Pleistocene.
(3) Path-side cliff at Nagahata. OamiShirasato-machi. Sanbu-gun. Chiba Prefecture. Lat. 35c29'50"N, Long. 140.18'
25"E. "Mobara ". Few. Reg. No. 103%.
Middle part of the Kasamori formation
Pleistocene. The fossils from this locality are represented by moulds only.
and the specimens wer(' collected by
Ivliss Yasuko AsAIIINA. a former st udenlof our Institute.
(4) Path-side cutting of the pass between 1\.uriyama and Maebara. OamiShirasato-machi. Sanbu-gun, Chiba Prefecture. Lat. 35"32'5''N, Long. 140"19'
20"E. "Togane ". Few. Reg. No. 10396.
Middle part of the Kasamori formation,
Pleistocene.
Associated Faunule and Ecology:- Themolluscs occurring in association in theabove mentioned localities arc:Portla11dia lischkei (SMITH)
Porl/andia japo11ica (SMITH)'[o/dia 11agammta11a YOKOYAI'IA
1VIIC11/a11a )'Okoyam:~i KURODA
Neilouella coi:r IlAnE
l.imop.~is uwadolwi Ov AM A
Conchoce/e bisec/a (CoNRAil)
Callithaca adamsii (REEVE)
Nemocardium samaragae (1'..-IAKIYAMA),lfacoma "calcarea (GMEI-IN)"
Rae/a rostra/is (DESHA YES)
Rae/a pukhe/la ADAMS ;111d RE!WE
Denta/ium yokoyamai MAl< 1Y AMA
Turritefla nipponica Yol<oYAMA
Neptunea autltritir:a REI·:vE
Nassarius magnifica LISCIIKI;

236

Katsumi HIRAYAMA

Gemmulofusus »UJkiyamai OTUJ<-'1.
Fulgoraria prevostiamts (CRossE)
Makiyamaia corecmica (ADAMS and REEVE)]ape/ion hirasei (PILSBRY)This new species occurs in association
with the above mentioned molluscs.
smaller foraminifera and brachiopoda.
all ot which suggest an environment of
the littoral and neritic zones and seems
to have been under the influence of cold
temparate waters. The predominatingrocks of this deposits consist of massive sandy siltstone, siltstone and veryfine-grained sandstone with intercalated
thin pumice and tuff layers. besides.
there is often developed an alternationof sandstone and siltstone in the 1op of
the formation and in the western district of its distribution. From the faciesof alternating layers of sandstone andsiltstone it may probably suggest an
environment of more or less shallower
deposition than the part of the massive
sediments. and from this part no fossils
were collected. However, the present
fossil is restricted in occurrence to themassive sandy siltstone. \Vith still intact
valves in upright position or its naturalliving position. The species was collecteel mainly from the western area of
distribution of and from the lower or
middle parts of the Kasamori formation. The ecologic fact to be mentioned
is that this species lived in environment
influenced with cold temperate and somewhat deep waters.

Literature Cited
CRozmR, W. J. (1914). The growth of the
Shell in the Lamcllihranch Dosinia disms(l{F.EVF.). Zoot. ]b. Ab. fiir tlnalomie. Ba.
38. no. 4. pp. 577-584.
DALL. W. H. (1901), Synopsis of the Lucinacea and of the American Species. Proc.
U. 8. Nat. Mu:; .. vol. 23. 110. 1237. pp. 779833, " pb.
FUJITA. T. (1929). Report on the Dredged
Shells of Tateyama Bay. Venus. mi. 1.
1/0S. 2-3, pp. 58-65, pp. 88-92, pl. 3.
HAYAsAr<A. I. and HAYASAr<A. S. (1953). Fossil Assemblages of Molluscs and Brachiopods of Unusually Large Sizes fromthe Permian of Japan.
Trans. Proc.
Palaeonl. Soc. Japan. N.S., no. 10, pp. 37-44.
HIRAYAMA. K. (195-l).
On Some l\liocene
Species of Lucinoma from Japan. with
Descriptions of Two New Species. .Japan.Tour. Geol. Geor;r., t:o!. 25. nos. 1-2. pp.
101-116, pis. 10-11.
OINOMir<Ano, T. and lKEBE. N. (1934). Fossil
Bed of the Environs of Oami and Togane.
Kazusa. "Chikyu ". !Jo/. 22. no. 3. pp. 178184.
OYAMA, K. (1952), On the Fossil l\lolluscan
Community of Tyonan and 1\asamori
Formations exposed Between Mobara andTurumai. ]our. Japan Assoc. Petroleum
Tech., t•ol. 17. no. I. pp. 59-67.
SAKAI<URA. K. (1935). Stratigraphie du Bassin d'Obitugawa. Prefecture de Tiba.
]our. Geol. Soc. ]ajxm. rot. 42, nos. 506507. pp. 685-712. 753-784.
YOKOYAMA, M. (1920). Fossils from :Miura
Peninsula and Its Immediate North. ]our.
Col/. Sci .. Imp. Unir. Tokyo, 1'0/. 39. art.
6. pp. 1-198, pis. l-19.

Explana1ion of Plate 33
Figs. 1-6. Lucinoma aokii 1-IIRAYAMA. n. sp.
. ................................ p. 231
Fig. 1: Left side view of holotype specimen ( X1). Fig. 2: Dorsal view of holot ype
specimen (X1). Fig. 3: Anterior view of hololype specimen (XI). Fig. 4: Interiorview of holotype specimen (X 1), Fig. 5: Apical view of holotype specimen (X 5).
Fig. 6: Surface sculpture of the paratype specimen ( XJi). Reg. No. 10393. Type
locality: Road-side cliff at the entrance of the tunnel. a little southwest of Kasamori
Yillage. Minakami-mura, Chiisci-gun. Chiba Prefecture.

HrRAv AMA :Lucinoma aokii, n. sp.

K. HrRAYAMA Photo.

Plate 33

Trans. Proc. Palacont. Soc. Japan, :--1. S., No. 31, pp. 237-242, pis. 3.!, 35, Aug. 15, 1958

34:t

ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC FINE STRUCTURE
OF FOSSIL DIA TO.MS. V*

Observation on some diatoms found in the ·· Celatoms"
IIARUO OKUNO
Kyoto University of Textile Fibers{tTiffi~0fTIT·liJltJ¥<~(t:Jl~U.i!lt~ifi. V: ;.f::~ Eagle Picher rEI:vi±iH± P. l'vl. RAPIER !1;.1: IJ illfJ~ ~tJ f:. ;{. ' ' 7' ~iliJEFHr\\iJ:~ ±&V'fr'i 1~Hil~ t. ( l~rrlrflt) 0t.~ fJ •t:::.Qtl\ ~ tt t:. {~f:ifJ~f(flfi(J)~~~Ilfr~~~.!L! L..t:.., i2Ht"!>')l:! t t.:ftiiiU.:f'll*l.:t 4·j -; 3 tl~!<:--:>t '-r l.t . .:C;fVctl O)~,lj fill "fibMelosira
I!Tanu/ata &c~ f. curi'Uta . .\let. distm1s a.>~ti!IWiil~ili] [..,, t ';t 1 ~0!16f<fi "!:>~t~ tort 'I'J!i*t:::. --:>t'"(li. "C(J)t..:fJ·IC'\'-''\'->~ J;t!,HJ~ttt.:~if•li Tetl·ac_,•clus Cc/atom CiJl\?ifllltmifi~,lt:l,f:o i.f:. 4 ~·4-:r}lt<::~ll\~ht.:J:~Un0ftfiffi~t::t. ·c~tr;<TJfil!l1.>!>-f,t;L,-rJL!l,.,t:.o!t! !l!f 1f: Mt.

,•,.•,(!,o<--------of Cclatoms depend almost entirely uponthese dominant diatoms. And in thispaper, mainly the submicroscopic finestructures of these dominant diatoms aretreated. Owing to their scanty occurrence, the companion fossil diatomseven noticeable from the palaeontological stand point-are rather inconsequential in their usefulness for industrial
application. And in this paper. the companions. except for some new and not iceable species are only listed by theirnames.
I wish to express my thanks to 1\lr.
P. 1\t RAPIER, Processing Engineer of theEagle-Picher Company, who kindly sentme samples with descriptions of locality,
geological age, etc.

This study is based upon several
samples of the crude and refined "Celatoms1>" sent me by 1\lr. P.l\1. RAr·1r-n of
the Eagle-Picher Company. The samples were almost purely compo~cd offossil diatoms of fresh water origin.
The excellent properties of the Cclatoms-light weight, purity, porosity. amorphous structure, high fusion point, etc.
-make them suitable for high temperature insulator, filter aid. filler, extender.
carrier, admixture, etc. As many of the
Celatoms are almost purely composed ofdominant diatoms, respecth-ely Mr/osira
Kranulata (OD-100, crude. immediately
under the next stratum of f. curNtla), f.
cunmla (OD-100, crude. upper stral um),and Mel. distans var. lirata (relined, l'v!N35), it is obvious that the versatile uses

Description of Species* Received Nov. 2:!, 1957: read Septem·
ber 28. 1957.
This research was aided by a Grant
in Aid for Scientific l~esearch from the Ministry of Education. (No. 408098)
1) Commercial name of refined dia·
tomite produced by the Eagle·Picher Company, U.S. A.

1\Ie/osira mwwlatrr (EHRENBEnG) RALFs
Plate 3·1, Figures la-d.
,Ue/osira g-ranulata (EmmNnr:RG) RALFs. OK uNo. 1954. Trans. Proc. Palaeo11t. Soc.]apan,
N.S., No. 14, p. 143, pl. 17. figs. la, b.

237

238

Haruo 0I<UNO

In the present diatomite, the filamentous colonies are almost completely broken into solitary valves or frustulcs.
Valves about 7-20tt in height. Frustulepores on the mantle 5-9 in 10 tt. arranged
in longitudinal rows about 7-9 in HltL.
In the present electron microscopy, thefine structure of the frustule pores on
the mantle ,,·as elucidated. Frustulepores are round to polygonal, probably
incompletely locular inwards, being
closed outwards and opening freely inwards. The outer closing sieve membrane is net veined (Figs. lc. d) (sometimes dendriform with anastomosing
branches ?-Fig. lb). with 2-6 lunate or
kidney-shaped sieve pores (ksp) (Pl. 34.
Fig. 1c) at the margin and many sieve
pores (meshes) of various shapes andsizes in the center. Sometimes themeshes arc closed with finely porous
secondary sieve membranes (Fig. ld).
The netveins more or less dip in- or
outwards, and are supported by 2-G
radially disposed marginal stalks (sf)ingrown from the border of the outeropening of the loculus. In the present
specimen. the degree of destruction of
the sieve membranes is rather low. andin many valves sieve membranes werecomparatively well preserved.
The
structure of the sieve membrane is moreor less akin to those of Acl11umthes longipes (0KuNo, 1952, p. 6), Arac/moidisr.us
omatus (OKuNo, 1954. p. 238), Riddu!phia
pu!che!la (OK uNo, 1952. p. 48 .. I-h:r.MCKE &KRIEGER. 19!i4, p. 10). Cocconeis scutellum(OKuNo, 1950, p. 101 ), Didymospltenia fossilis (OI<uNo, 1949. p. 99), Did_r. geminalavar. curvala (OKuNo, 10;)-t, p. 147), Eucampia balaustium (KoLnE, 19·18, p. 10.
0I<UNO, 1952, p. 350. 1-IEI.MCKE & KRIEGER,
195ci, p. 9), and Isthmia nemosa (DEsrKAcnARY, 1954. p. 616), which are common
in having the marginal stalks and netveined or dendriform sieve membranes.

I reported another type of sieve membrane in the fossil of A1elosira gramt!ata
from Yamautsuri-mura. Japan. In the
Yamautsuri-mura specimens, the sieve
membranes were not nctveined or dendriiorm, but membraneous with scattered
round sieve pores (OKuNo, 195·1. p. 143).
Thus hitherto, in A1elosira granulala. t\YOtypes of sieve membranes-the one netveined or dendriform and the othermembraneous-were found by me.
Habitat :-Fresh water. planktonic.
Occurrence :-Dominant in the crude
diatomite •· Celatom OD-100" from thestratum immediately under!~ring that off. curmta: contained about 98%. (Specimen, nos. lll~l-1720) Near Lovelock,
Nevada. Probably Upper l'vliocene.
11fdosira gmnu!nta (EnRENnFRG) RAt.Fs

forma tllrl'Ctla GRtJNow
Plate 34, Figures 2a, b.
1l1elosira granulata(EHRENBERG)

RALFS

f.

mrmta GRuNow, OKuNo. 195-1. Trans.
Proc. l'alaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 14,
p. H3, pl. 17, figs. 2a. b.

Filaments and frustules more or lesscurvate. Thick valves about 8-13 Jl in
diameter and about 7-1711 in height,
thin valves about 3-7tt in diameter and
1;}-20tt in height, and the latter is closely
connected with var. a11gustissima f. curvata. Loculi on the mantle about 6-8 in
l0Jl, arranged in somewhat curved longitudinal lines about 8-10 in lO,t.t. The
sieve membranes netveinecl as in theforegoing species. Of the same forma
from Korea, the presence of such a netveined sieve membrane was already reported by me (OI<uNo, 1954. p. 143).
Ilabitat :-Fresh water, planktonic.
Occuneuce :-Dominant (about 99%) in
the crude diatomite '' Celatom OD-100"in the upper stratum. (Specimen, nos.
1724-1725)

Electron-Microscopic Fine Structure of Fossil Diatoms. V

lv!elosira dishms (EHRENBERG) KUTziNG
var. lirata (EHRENBERG) BETHGE
Plate 35. Figures la-h.

Jl[e/osira disfr/1/S (EllUENBERG) 1\i'ITZING var.
/irata (EHRENBERG) BETIIGE, [-[USTEDT.
1930. Kieselalg .. pt. I. p. 264. figs. l!Jac.-Mn.r.s, 1934. Index. p. 927.-HuBER·
PEST-'\L07.ZI and 1-IusTEDT, 19-12. Diat.,pl. 96. ligs. 47/k-m.
Melosira lyra/a A. SCHMIDT. 1893. Atlas Diat..
_pl. 181. figs. 69-75.
1lfe/osira firaftl (EHRENBERG) GRUNOW var.
genuina (EHRENBERG) GRUNOW, CLEVE·
Euum, 1951. Diat. Schweden u. Finn land,p. 23, figs. 13a-c.

Chains very short. Frustules cylindric,about 6-~!itt in diameter. Discus with
scattered frustule pores about 8--10 in !OJ.!
(Figs. la. b). l'vlarginal spines minute.
Mantle about S-lOJ! high. with longitu·
dina] rows of f rustule pores about 8-10
in Hlf!. Sulcus distinct. In the present
specimens. the fine structures of thesieve membrane of the loculi both on
the discus and the mantle were funda·
mentally the same as that of 11Iel. grmmlata. The outer closed opening of theloculus on the discus is smaller thanthat on the mantle (compare Figs. If andlg). In the present specimen. the closing
sieve membrane of the former is notprobably dendriform or nelveined, butrather membraneous having irregular
thickenings and scattered fine sieve
pores. and that of the latter is obviously
anastomosed-dendriform as in Mel. gramtlata. The septum of the valve which
is seen light-microscopically perforated
in the center. was revealed electron optically to be closed with a delicate. finelv
porous membrane (Fig. lh). HELIIICK~
and KRmGER published electron micrographs of .Mel. distans in their Diat.
Elektr. Bit d. pt. 1, pis. 7. 8 (19f13). In

239

their pl. 7, fig. lower-right (discus). finely
porous sieve membranes ·with marginal
stalk-shaped thickenings were clearlyshown.
Habitat :-Fresh water, planktonic.
Occurrence :-Dominant (about 80%) in
the refined diatomite "Celatom l\IN-35"">.
(Specimen, nos. 1716-1718) In Storey
County. ZO miles East of Reno, Nevada,
1\Iiocene.

Cymbe/la cistula (l-lEMI'RtcH) KtRCHNER
Plate 35, Figures 2a-c.
Cymbcl/a cistufa (HEl\IPRICII) 1\:1 RCHNER. CLEVE,
1894, Synop. N:w. Dial., pt. 1. p. 113.IIusTEnT. 1930, Bacill.. p. 363, iig. 616a
-MILLS. 1933, Index. p. 5·17.-0KUNO.
!952, Atlas Foss. Dial., pl. 16, figs. 1, 9.

Valves slightly arcuate, with centrallv
gibbous ventral margin and subtruncat~
ends. Length about 85-180 Jt, breadth
about 22-33 ;t. Central area elliptic tosuborbicular. with 3-7 distinct puncta on
the ventral side. Striae 6-9 in 10!!. punc·
tate, puncta (frustule pores) in the present specimens coarse, about 10-14 in lOJ!.
Electron-optically, the frustule pore rectangular, probably incompletely locular.
being half-closed outwards bv the sieve
membrane and opened freeiy inwards.
The outer opening-the sieve pore-usually linear (about 500-600mf! long. about
100-200mtt broad). often curved or divaricated as in G'ym. australica and Cwn.
tumida (cf. 0KuNo, 1956, Trans.
Pa/aeont. Soc. Japan, N. S.. No. 21. p.
13G-137).
llabitat :-Fresh water, littoral.
Occurrenc1: :-In crude diatomite "Celatom OD-100" in the lower bed. (Specimen.
nos. 1766-·1767)

Proc.

2) A commercial diatomic suitable foran anti-caking against for ammonium nit·
rate <1nd als{l for a general purpose filler.

24.0

Haruo 0KUNO

Tetracyclus Ce!atom 0KuNo, sp. nov.
Text·lig. I : Plate 35. Figures 3a-d.
V~lvis panduraeformibus,
ad polosrotundatis vel deltoideis. Long. 22-tiStt.
lat. 13-30tt, ad constrictionem G-12p.
Costis mediis transverse parallel is, propepolos subradiantes. 2-3 in 1011. Pseudoraphe linearibus, ca. 0.-lJt lata. Striis
mediis transverse parallelis, prope polos
radiantibus, ca. 20-25 in lOp, subtilissime
punctatis, punctis ca. 30 in lDtt. Frustulis
quadrangularibus, angulis obtusis, cum
septis validis.

Table I.

Length (p)Bread! h (ft)End
Costae in 10 !'St riac in 10 11
SeptumValves panduriform with rounded torounded-subacute ends. Length about
22-68p: breadth about 13-30tt, at theconstriction about 6-12tt. Costae transverse in the middle, subradiate at theends, 2-3 in lOp. Pseudoraphe linear,about O.ltt broad. Striae about 20-25 inlOp. transverse in the middle and radiateat the ends. In girdle view, frustules
quadrangular. Septum with a distinct
diaphragm at one end. This new species
is somewhat similar to Tetmcyclus Peragal/i HERIBAuo and T. jal'lltzicus HusTEDT,
hut from which it differs in several
points as shown in the Table 1.

Comparison of Tetracycfus Cefalom with
T. Peragr~lli and T jamnicus.

T. Ce/alom

T. Peragal/i

T. ja!Ylnicus

22-68
13-30
round or roundedsubacute
2-3
20-25
present

15-31
15-21
rostrate

33-34
13-1"1su brost rate

3-G

3
18-20
?

Electron optically, the puncta of striae
arc revealed to be round holes, about 1U0150mtt in diameter. In the present specimens, the holes are completely perforated,and showed no clear evidence of the presence of the closing membranes, though
there is possibility of their presence inliving forms. Holes about 3 in lp, in?

the middle of the valve, arranged intransverse rows. and at the ends arranged in radiating rows.
lfabitat :-Fresh water. littoral.
Occurrence :-In the crude diatomite"Cclatom OD-100" in the lower bed.
(Specimen. no. 1726--type)

Explanation of Plate 3"t
L. M.: Light Micrograph.

E. M.: Elect ron Micrograph.

Figs. la-d. Melosira gramdata (EHRENBERG) RALFS. Ncar Lovelock. Nev·ada. U.S. A. la. x900
(L. M.). lb-d. Portions of mantles. showing fine structure of loculi. lb, d. X25000 (E . .M.).
lc, X 13200 (E. M..).
Figs .. 2a. b. Melosira gramtlala (EHRENBERG) RALFS f. wn•ata GRUNOW. Near Lovelock, Nevada,
U.S. A. 2a, X 1500 (L. M.). 2b, X 18000 (E. M.).

OI<uNo:

Plate 34

Fine Stru cture of Fossil Diatoms

lb

la

ld

lc

2a

2b

2-11

Electron-l'dicroscopic Fine Structure of Fossi I Diatoms. V

.. ~

e

A

B

c

E

F

Text-fig. l. Tetracycfus Cr!atom 0KUNO, sp. nov.
A. Girdle dew. B. D. E. Valve Yicw. C. Septum. F. Portion of a valve, showing
arrangement of the frustulc pores. dp, Diaphragm of septum. sPf, Septum. (Cf.
Pl. 35. Figs. 3:~-d.)List of fossil diatoms foundin the Celatorns
Celatorn l\IN-35 (a refined commercial
diatomite). Occurrence :-Storey Count~·.
20 miles East of Reno, Nevada. Domi·nant : 1Uelosira distmzs (EHR.) KuTz. var.
lira/a (EHR.) BETIIGE (ca. 78%) (Pl. 3S,
Figs. la-h). Subdominant: Mel. grame!alrr(EuR.) RALFs (ca. 20,%). Companions: Ach·
nanthes lanceolala BR~B. var. rostra/a
HusT.- Cymbd/a tumida (BR~II.) V. II.?
(fragments).-Fmgi/aria coustruens lEHR.)
GRuN. var. 1•euter (EnR.) GRuN.- FraJ.:".
Harrissonii W. S:-.1. & var. dubia GRuN.Frag. pimzata EuR. and var. !ancettu!a(ScHU:-.L) HusT.-Gomp/wnema infricatum
KuTz. -Navicula bacillum EuR. - Nrm.
pupu/a KeTz.- Nitzschia amphibia GRuN.Opep/wra 111artyi HtR.-Synedm Vaucherim·
KliTz.- Tetracyclus /aclt.';lris RAJ.Fs.
Celutom 01>-100, crude. Occurrence:Near Lovelock, Nevada. (Upper stratum.)
Dominant: Jo..felosira granulata (EnR.)
RAt.Fs f. curvata GRuN. (ca. 99,%) (Pl. 34.
Figs. 2a, b) Companions: Coccoueis sp.Cymbel/a af[mis Kt:TZ. var.? (Length 3070tt. Breadth 12-17.u. Striae 7-10 in lOtt.

punctate. puncta 1~-l!l in lOtt. On vent·raJ side of the central area, with a stigma
remarkably distant from the ventral me·
dian stria.)-Melosira dislans (EHR.) KDTZ.
var.lirala (Em~.) BETllcE.-Nm•icula ciurfa(EuR.) KoTZ.? (fragments).- Telracyr/us
lacusf ris RAJ.Fs.
Celatorn OI>-100, crude. (Stratum im·
mediately under the upper stratum.)
Dominant: Jlfelosim ~ranula/a (EHR.)
RALFs (ca. 98.%) (Pl. 34. Figs. la-d).
Companions: Cocconeis sp. -· Fragi/aria
pinna/a E11t1.-Fm~. t•irescens [~ALFs.­
Gomphonema intrica I um K OTz. -Comph.
bollemicum Rmcn. et Fn.-JV!e!osim distans(EHJ~.) KuTZ. yar. lirrtla (EuR.) BETHGit.
(++).-Navicula cine/a (EHR.) KOTz.Rhoicosphenia curwta (KtTz.) GRvN.Syuedra Vaucheriae K VTz.- Tel racyclus
ruj>eslris (A. BRAuN} GRuN.
Cl.'latorn 01>-100, crude. (Lower stratum.} There is no remarkable dominantdiatom in the earth. Caloueis amphis·
baena (BoRY) C1.. var. aequala KoLBE.Cocconeis sp.-Cymbel/a cistu!a (HEl\.IP.)
Kmcu. (Pl. 3!'i. Figs. 2a-c).-(l'111. Hauckii
V. Il.?-Cym. a/finis var.?-C'yc!otella sp.Eunotia gracilis (EHR.) RA.n.-Emz. fa/lax
C~.. var. gmcillima KRASSKE.-E.'ten. pecti·

242

Haruo OI<uNonalis (KOTZ.) RAn. var. min01· (Kun.) RAB.
-Fragilaria cons/mens (EHR.) GRuN. var.
venter (EHR.) GRuN.-Frag. pinnata EnR.
var. !ancettula (ScHuM.) HusT.-Frag.
virescens H ALFs. -r.omplwnemn in! rica/ lf111
Kt:TZ.-Gomph. lanceo/atum EnR. var. insiKnis (GREG.) C1.. -Comph. /ougipes Enn.
var. subc/avatum GRuN.-Gomph. pan•ulum(1\oTz.) GRuN. var. micropus (Ki!Tz.) CL.
-Melosira distcms (EHR.) KuTZ. var.
lim/a (Enn.) BETIIGI·:<+++).-.Me/. grrmulata(EnR.) RA.LFS (·• ..~>.-Mel. italica !EnR.)
KliTz. C++>.-Ll1e/. mulu!ala (Enn.) KuTZ.
-Meridian ci,·cu!are AG.-Naz•icula dicep!wla (EHR.) W. SM.-Neidium iridis (EnR.)
CL. var. mn/Jliata (EHR.) c~..-Nitzscllia
sp.-Pimm/aria gmtilis (DuNK.) C~..-Pinn.
gibba Enn. var. subrmdulata J'VIAv.? (Fragment)-Piun. major (Ki'TZ.) CL. f. ltyalina
HusT.? (Fragments) - Pinu. meso!epta(EHR.) W. SM.-Pinn. micros/mmm (EuR.)
CL. var. biundu/ata 0. Mou.-Pinn. z•iri·dis (Nnz:) Elllt.-Stauroneis phoeuicenteron EHn.-Synedra T"auclteriae KeTz.Syu. ulna (Nrrz.) Eun, var.?- Tel racyc/us
Celatom 0KuNo (++l !Text-fig. 1: Pl. 35,
Figs. 3a-d).-Tetr. lacustris RALI's.-Tetr.
rupestr!s (A. BRAIIN) GnoN.
Erratum

infiata, gigantea, as "Near Basalt, Esmeralda County, Nevada". But recently Mr.
R. S. !VIAcl\hLLAN, the original collectorof the diatomite, informed me that anexact description of the locality shouldhe "Churchill County, 15 miles south of
Fallon, Nevada, Upper lVliocene or Lower
Pliocene··.
Heferences
T.V. (19!14). Electron microscope study of diatom wall structure,
III. "-!mer. ]ouru. Bot., r·ol. 41, p. 616.
IlELMCKE. ]. G. and KRIEGER, W. (1954),
Diatomccnschalcn im Elektroncnmi kroskopischen Bild. 2. p. 9. pis. 126-128.
IIEHIBAUD, J. (1903). Les Diatomecs fossilesd' Auvergne. 2nd 1\lemoire. p. 31.
llosTEDT, F. (1913), Atlas der Diatomacecnkunde. pl. 294. figs. 42. 43.
KoLBE. R. W. (1948). Elektronenmikroskopischc Untersuchungen von Diatomeenmembranen. :lr/1. f. Hot., 1'0/. 33, A. no.
17. p. 10.
OKUNo. II. (19·19. 50, 5~). Electron-microscopical study on line structures of diatom
frustules. VI, VIII. X. Bot. Mag. Tokyo,t•o/. 62. p. 99, t•ol. 63, p. 101. t•ol. 66. p. 6.
- - (1952), Electron microscopical study on
Antarctic diatoms. 2. 3. fount. fap. Hot ..
t•o/. 27, pp. 48, 350.
(1954), Electron-microscopic fine struc·ture of fossil diatoms. II. Trans. Proc.
l'a/aeolll. Soc. ]lljxlll. N S .. No. 14. pp.
143, 1-17.
(HJ54), Elect ron·microscopic fine structure of some marine diatoms. Rl'l'. Cyt.
et Bioi. V eK.. t•ol. 15, p. 238.
DIO:SIKACJJARY,

ln my previous paper (0KuNo. 1956.
Trans. Proc. Pa!aeonl. Soc. fapmz. N. S.,
No. 21, p. 136), I described -according
to Mr. NEu's personal communicationthe locality of the diatomite in which I
found Navicula macultita. and var. acuta.
------ ------Explanation of Plate 35~-

Figs. la-h. 1l1e/asira distans (EHRENBERG) KUTZINC var. lira/a (EHRENBERG) BETHGE. Storey
County, Nevada, U.S.A. la, Chain of frustulcs. xlOOO (L.M.). lb, Girdle view of afrustule. xlOOO (L. M.). le-e, h, Valve views of frustules. (1<:. focused on the valve
surface. ld, c. h, focused on the septum). !d. c. xlOOO (L.l\'1.). lh, x2500 (E. M.). If.
Portion of a valve surface. x25000 (E. M.). lg, Portion of a mantle. x25000 (E. M.).
Figs. 2a-c. Cymbella cis/uta (HEMPltiCH) KIRCHNER. Near Lovelock, Nevada. U.S. A. 2a, x400
(L. M.). 2b, x 1000 (L. M.). 2c. Portion of a \'alve, showing loculi. x 14000 (E. M.).
Figs. 3a-d. Tetral'yclus Celatom OK UNO, sp. nov. Ncar Lovelock, Nevada, U.S. A. 3a, b, Valveuiews (3b, abnormal form). 3a, x 800 (L. M.). 3b, x 1000 (L. M.). 3c. Septum. x 1000
(L. M.). 3d, End of a valve. X6000 (E. M.).

0KuNo:lc

Fine Structure of Fossi l Diatoms

lePlate 35

1f

lg

lh

2a
2c

3c

3a

3d

Trans. Proc. Pal:lcont. Soc. Japan, N. S .. No. 31. pp. 243-247, pl. 36, Aug. 15, 1958

:3-H.

NEW FOSSIL CHLAMYS FROM TTTE ENVIRONSOF NAGANO CITY. JAPAN*
l'vli\SA HIK 0 AKIY AI\IA
Geological and l'vlineralogical Institute.
Tokyo University of Education

Genus Chlamys (BoLTEN) RtiDING, 1798

Introduction and Acknowledgements

C/ilamys ingeniosa I analwi
AKIYAMA, n. subsp.

During his palaeontological study ofthe molluscan fauna from the environsof Nagan<i City, the writer collected
some interesting fossils of Clt/amys fromthe Ogikubo sandstone and mudstone
member (ToMisAwA 195:1). Of those Clzlamys the writer discriminated one ne\vspecies and one new subspecies, theseare described in this article.
Acknowledgements are due to Dr.
lVIasae OMoRI of the Geological andMineralogical Institute, Tokyo Uni versity of Education for his kind supervision. Thanks are due to Professors.
Ilaruyoshi FuJIMOTo, \Vataru 1-IAsmMoToand Kotara HATAJ, and Mrs. Shigeru
A01<1 and Saburo AKAGI of the same
Institute, for valuable suggestions andreading of this manuscript. and also to
Mr. Kunia TANAKA of the Geological
Institute. Shinsyu University, for hiskindness to the writer during his fieldsurvey.

Plate %, Figures 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b.

Shell moderate in size, rather thin,higher than long, inequivalved, both
valves somewhat convex, subequilateral
except for ears; sides slightly concave
above, base rounded. Right valve with28 round-topped, imbricated radial ribs
which are usually divided into twoparts by a deep, longitudinal furrownear the umbomal area or undivided at
the anterior; interspaces narrower thanribs themselves; intercalary threads
usually appear at the upper one-fourthof the disc and are round-topped andimbricated ; concentric striations inconspicuous; anterior auricle larger thanthe posterior, ornamented with G radial
threads and furnished with deep byssal
area: posterior auricle truncated behind,ornamented with ~radial threads; hingewith 8 ctenoliums, cardinal crura, anddeep resilial pit which is provided withlateral ridges on both margins. Leftvalve with 24-29 elevated, round-topped,
imbricated, radial ribs which rarely accompany radial threads; interspaces
broader than ribs near the ventral

Systematic Description

Family Pectinidae
Subfamily Pectininae~~--·-----* Received Dec. 21. 1957; read Sept. 28,
1957 at Kyoto.
243

244

!Vlasahiko AKIYAMA

margin; near the umbonal area there
appear intercalary threads which are
imbricated near the ventral margin;
anterior auricle larger than the poster·ior, provided with numerous radial

threads and fine concentric stria! ions;posterior auricle truncated behind, ornamented with the same kind of sculpture
as the anterior: hinge corresponding to
the right valve.

Jlleasurement in mm. :~-Reg. No.

L.

H.

D.

llinge

II/L

533~

52
52
46
52.5
29
26. 5
24
39
-15
4-1
33.5
67
-15
52
H-5
65.5

60
60

10
12

29.5
29

50

10

')") h..........
~

62
38
34
29
47
51
50
37.5
73
-1!15

14
5

28.5

l. 13
1. 13
1. 09
1. 18
1. 31

3.5

12
13
23.5

5336
5337
5338
5339
53-IU
53-11
5342
5343
53<1-1
5345
5346
53~7

5348
5349
5350

4
8
G. 5
G

6
H

7
I0

59

II

71

10

24
15
36
25.5
26
31
32

D/L
0.19

0.57
0. 56
II. 51\1.54

1. l-1
I. 12

0. 18

)_ 09

I)_ 21ll. 16
0. 19
0.23

1.1-l

l. 10

I. 2·1l. 09~-

Ilingt:/L

0.23
0.22
0.27
0. 17
0. 13
I)_ 17IJ.21
0. 1-l.
0. 1-1

1. 28
1. 21
I. 20

----

IJ. l:l0.45
0. 5,1

0. 60

Apicalangle

No. of

80'
75

28
26
28

Htl

75

:!~

so

23

77
75
75

so
0. 55
0. ·15
0. 51
0.57
0.50
0.64
0.-19

ribs

85
H5
85

90
75
HU

80

~I

22
24
23
29
27
27
29
29
26
25

Valve
Right
Right
Right
Right
Right
Right
Right
Right
Right
Left
Left
Left
Left
Left
Left
Left

------~~-

Remarks :-This subspecies is charac·terized by the right valve which isprovided with 21-28. imbricated. radialribs which usually split into two un·
equal parts by furrow. The leit valve
is characterized by 24-29. round-topped.
imbricated, radial ribs which sometimes
accompany radial threads. An intercalary thread is developed in each interspace of the left valve as well as of theright one. The number of radials varies
between 21 and 28 on the right valves.
This new subspecies is named in honorof l\lr. Kunio TANAKA, of Shinsyu University, who helped the writer in his
field survey.
The present new subspecies is allied
to Chlamys ingenisa (YoKoYAMA) (1929, p.
5, pl. 6, fig. 2) in its surface sculpture.
but the former can be distinguishedfrom the latter by the much higher
shell with smaller apical angle andthinner hinge provided with more round·
ed resilial pit. YoKOYAl\IA's species was
based upon a single righl valve which
was collected by him from the Noto
Peninsula. and no subsequent records
of its occurrence has been published.
This subspecies also resembles Clzlamys
flasfaf liS/iindsii(C.\RPENTER)(ARNOLD,

1906. p. 110, pl. 43, figs. 3, 3a) living in
the Bering Sea as well as along thewest coast of North America and also
as fossil in California. but it is distin·
guishable therefrom in having more
imbricated ribs and undivided radialsof the left valve. This subspecies isrelated to Chlamys islandicus (Mot.LER)(GRANT and GALE. 1931. p. 161. pl. 11.
fig. 1) from the Banks of Newfoundland,

245

New Fu 88il Ch/amys from the Environs of Nagano City. Japan

which has more numerous and lessimbricated radials, and is somewhat related to Chlamys brmmeri (ARNOLD) ( 1906.
p. 55, pl. 3, figs. 9-11) from the Vaqueros
formation of California ·which has
broader furrows on the radials of theright valve and larger posterior ear of
the left.
Clz!amys araluacai (NoML'RA) (1935, p.
4, figs. 1-2; lVIASUDA, 1954, p. 150, pl. 19,
figs. 1-6.) from the l\1oniwa formation
is a related species to the present one,but the latter is distinguishable fromthe former in having fewer radial ribs
which bifurcate near the beak and inhaving a thinner hinge plate. Anotherrelated species to the present one is
Clzlamys lwtaii MAsuDA and AKuTsu(195<i, p. 1:10, pl. 20, tigs. 1-9.) from the
Nagaoka formation, Tochigi Prefecture,
which has less numerous and broader
ribs that bifurcate only on the lower
half of the disc.
Localities and Horizon :-Lac. 2*, Kawashita, Togakushi-mura, Kamiminochigun. Lat. 36°.!0'14.5"'N, Long. 138°5'46"}~. Loc. 11*, Shimoniregi. Togakushimura. Lat. 36°.!0'12.8"N, Long. 138°5'2·1"
E. Ogikubo sandstone and mudstone
member.
Repository:-The Geological and Mineralogical Institute, Tokyo University of
Education; Reg. Nos. 5334 (Holotype).
5336-5350.

*

This locality number is shown bv
TOMISAWA (1953, p. 559) in his geologicalmap.

Clrlamys obesa AKIYAMA, n. sp.
Plate 36, Figures 4a, ·lb, 5a, 5b. 6a, 6b.

Shell medium in size, rather thick,subequilateral, inequivalved; both valves
convex; the height equal to the length.
sides slightly concave above. apicalangle about 85 degrees, base rounded.
Right valve provided with '.!.7 roundtopped, scaly. radial ribs, which are
diYided into three unequal parts by
two shallow furrows on the upper onethird of disc in the central part; on
the other, they are divided into twoparts on the upper-fourth of disc below
or remain undivided at submargins;interspaces narrow than ribs themselves,
with scaly intercalary threads whichappear first on the upper one-fourth of
disc: anterior auricle much larger
than the posterior, sculptured with 4
radial threads and inconspicuous, concentric lines and provided with deep
byssal notch, wide byssal area and 4ctenolia; posterior auricle sculptured
with 8 radial threads; hinge provided
with conspicuous cardinal crura andlarge. deep and rounded resilial pit
which has lateral ridges on both sides.
Left valve sculptured with 24, scaly,round-topped ribs which rarely accompany radial threads on one side andrarely bifurcate at ventral margin;
interspaces as wide as ribs themselves
and provided with rather elevated, scaly.
intercalary threads; anterior auricle
much larger than the posterior and11feasurement in mm. :Reg. No.

L.

H.

D.

Hinge

H/L

D/L

Hinge/L

Apicalangle

No. of
ribs
- -

Valve

--~~-

5351
5352
5335

57.4
58
61

58
58
61

12. ·I

12
15

32
28
34

1. 01

]. 00
1. 00

0.22
0.21
0. 27

0.56
0.48
0.52

85
85
85

?~

-1

Right

24
26

Right

Left

246

Masahiko AKIYAMA

sculptured with 9 radial threads andconcentric striations; posterior auricle
rectangularly truncated behind and ornamented with 4 radial threads; hinge
provided with a resilial pit and cardinal
crura, corresponding to that of theright.
Remarks:- This new species is characterized by the rather thick, subequilateral shell of which length is equal to theheight. The right valve is characterizedwith 26-28 scaly radial ribs. which has
two furrows in the centre of the disc.
Left valve has different sculpture fromthe right one and is sculptured with 2.J.
scaly, round-topped radials which rarely
accompany a radial thread on one side.
An intercalary thread is developed ineach interspace ot left valve as well as
the right one.
The present species is allied to C!tlamys
lwtoraua 0TUKA, (1934, p. 611, pl. 47. fig.
25), but the former is distinguishable
from the latter in less inequilateral form
with regular and numerous radials, moreproduced beak and broader interspaces.
Chlamys lwtorana was based upon asingle left valve which was collected by
0TuKA from the Suenornatsuyama "Series" (OTuKA. 1934) and no subsequent
record of its occurrence has been published. So, the writer is not able toknow the characters of the right valveof fwtorana. Unfortunately 0TUKA's holo·
type specimen has disappeared from hiscollection in the University of Tokyo.
This new species is closely allied to
Cldamys ingeniosa tanakai in the prcceeding, but can be distinguished by having
much longer and thicker shell withradials which are tripartite by shallower
furrows in the right valves. Anotherallied species is Ch/amys lwneltarai (YoKoYAl\IA)(1926, p. 13S, p]. 18. fig. 1, p]. 19,

figs. 1, ~. 5-7, 1\L\.SUD.'\., 1956a, p. 176, pl.
28. figs. 1-7), which has larger andlonger shell of which radials are sculp·
tured with two radial furrows in theright valve as well as in the left. Clila·no•s miyatokoensis (NoMuRA and IlATAI)(1936. p. 127, pl. 19. figs. 2. -l. pl. 20, fig.
1. l\Iasuda. 195Gb. p. 247, pl. 35, figs. 19.) is also allied to the present species.
but can be dist inguishccl from the latterby the sculpture of the left valve.
Locality a/1(/ !Jorizon :-Loc. 11, Shimo·
niregi, Togakushi-mura, Kamiminochi·
gun. Lat. 36° 110'12.8"N.. Long. 138°5'24"
E. Ogikubo sandstone and mudstone
member.
Repositm:v :-The Geological and 1\Iineralogical Institute, Tokyo University of
Education, Reg. Nos. 5351 (Holotype),
5335, 5352.

Explanation of Plate 36
Fig. 1. Clllamys ingeniosa taualmi AKIYAMA, n. subsp .. Paratype. Reg. No. 5347, Left valve
x l. Loc. Kawashita, Togakushi·mura, Kami-minochi-gun. Nagano Prefecture.
Figs. ~a-b. Chlamys iugeniosa laualwi AKIYAMA, n. subsp., Holotype. Reg. No. 533<1. a. Right
valve x 1, b. Hinge area of ~a. X 1. Loc. Same as above.
Figs. 3a-b. Ch/amys iugeuiosa lauakai AKIYAMA. n. subsp., l'aratype, Reg. No. 53,1\J, a. Leftvalve x 1, b. Hinge area of 3a X 1, Loc Same as above.
Figs. 4a-b. Chlamys obesa AKIYA:!.IA, n. sp., Holotypc, Reg. No. 5351, a. Right valve x 1, b.
Hinge area of 4a x 1, Loc. Shimunigcri, Togakushi-mura, Kami-minochi·gun. Nagano
Prefecture.
Figs. 5a-b. Ch/mnys obesa AKIYAMA. n. sp., Paratypc. Res. No. 5352. a. Hinge area of 5b XL
b. Left valve XL Loc. Same of above.
Figs. 6a-b. Chlamys obesa AKIYAMA. n. sp., Paratype, Reg. No. 5335. a. Right valve X 1. b.
Hinge area of 6a Xl. Loc. Same of above.

AKIYAMA:New Chlamys from Nagano

S. AoKr Photo.

Plate 36

New Fossil Ch/amys from the Environs of Nagano City, Japan

Heferences Cited
R (1906). The Tertiary and Quarternary Pectens of California. U.S.
Geol. Sun· .. Prof. Paper ·11. H6 pp .. 5~ pis.
GRANT. U.S. IV and GALE. H. R. (1931). Catalogue of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene l\Iullusca of California. Mem.
San Diego Soc. Nat. 1/ist., Vol. 1. 1031
pp .. 31 pis.
~lASUDA. K. (195-1). On the Miocene Pectinidac from the Environs of Sendai :Part 5: On .. Pecten .. arakau·ai NoMURA.
Trans. Proc. P,t/aeout. 8oc. japan. N. S ..
]llo. J.J. pp. 1-19-153. pl. 19.
- - (1956-a). On the Miocene Pectinidae
from the Environs of Sendai: Part 7:
On Pecten krmelwrai YoKOYAMA. ibid.
Xo. 22, pp. 175-183. pl. ~8.
- - (UJ56-b), On the Miocene Pectinidae
from the Environs of Scndai: Part 9;
On Pecteu (Chlamys) miyatokoensis NoMURA and liATAJ. ibid. No. 2-1. pp. 247250. pl. 35.
--and i\KUT~u. ]. (1956). A New Fossil
Chlamys from the Environs of Utsunomiya City, japan. ibid. No. 21, pp. 1291:{~. pl. 20.
:--Jo~>.IURA. S. (1935),
Miocene Mollusca fromthe Nishi-Tugaru District. Aomori-ken,
Northeast Hom;yu. Japan. Saito Ho-ou
ARNOLD,241

Kai Mus .. Res. Bull.. No. 6. pp. 19-74,
pis. 2-8.
- - and liATAI. K. (1936). A List of the
Miocene Mollusca and Brachiopods collected from the Region lying North of
the Nanakita River in the Vicinity of
Sendai. Rikuzen Provincr.;, Japan. lbid ..
No. 13. pp. 121-145, pis. 17-21.
0TUKA, Y. (193,1). Tertiary Structure of theNorthwestern End of the Kitakami
1\Iounlainland. I wate Prefecture. Japan.
Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst, Vol. 12. Pt. 3,
pp. 566-6:-!S. pis. 44-51, 1 map.
ToMISAWA. T. (1953). On the Stratigraphy
and Geological Structure of the Susobana-kawa Region in the Northern Partof Nagano Prefecture (in Japanese).
four. Geol. Soc. japan. Vol. 59, No. 699,
pp. 552-560.
- - (1954). On the So-called Shigarami
Formation in the Northern Dbt rict ofNagano Prefecture (in Japanese). Sci.
Rep. Tollyo Kyoiku Dait;aku. No. 3, pp.
125-134.
YoKOYAMA, l\1. (1926). Tertiary Mollusca
from Shiobara in Shimotsuke. jour. Fac.
Sci .. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. Sec :!, Vol. 1, Pt.
4. pp. 127-138, pis. 16-20.
(1929). Pliocene Shells from ncar Nanao.
Nuto. Imp. Geol. Surt'. japan, Rep. No.
104, pp. 1-7, pis. 1-6.

Trans. Palacont. Soc. Japan. N. S., No. 31. pp. 2<18-252, pl. 37. Aug. 15, 1958.

345.

A GOTLANDIAN NAUTILOJ D FROl\I THE HIDA
PLATEAU IN JAPAN*
TE!lCHI KOBAYASHI
Geological Institute, University of Tokyo

iR!JPil'bfJl.l!i'Uri ~~kit J£ft: Unt -rrcn16 H -n '~ 4~:J'liJI71iiJ'tcftliUJi~Jfili 20 Fl!r:.iiijt.: t,r~ 'o -t-

VC1"i =:l;'ffiJ~(~O) t.. 0)1:' 4.> ~ o <::. <::. ft,li.Jol(~-t ~ " :llicllelinm:eras " hi dense li ~~iJtlJ)MO.:ll:tlili.P 17 tiLl·.
1.., t.: b (}')"('. -ta:>ll!i(tl;l~ ~~ <r,:"; r:h~W:JUJ1:'ib 7.> iJ· •)' fl-1>:/~ 11itD!i1ili.!JNi{t:r-i-r 4.> ~ nl\lichelinoceraticla ~ Sinoceraticla t •i'<f'lr-tnJ ~ <::. t .[>,~ ( o'!!It L. 0~~1<:
tj' f...f; J;'t_.,Ius) japonicus was recently· described by

A fossil hunting party visited Fukuji
area in the eastern Ilida plateau lastsummer where Gotlandian and Devonian
fossils are known to occur. Mr. Takashi
FuJITA of the party was fortunate enoughto collect an orthoceroid at a fossil locality of Fukuji and send it to me
through Mr. Tadao KAMEl, lecturer of
the Shinshu University for identification.
According to KAMEl the fossil was
found among boulders derived from theCystip/zy/lum-bearing limestone near the
top of the Gotlandian Fukuji formation,
instead of the Devonian Takaharagawa
formal ion. This limestone (7 in KAMEl'S
section, 1955) is located in the lower
part of the Favosites uniformis igoi (orF 2b) zone by KAMI" and the horizon
whence the orthoceroid is judged to havebeen derived lies a little below its boundary with the middle calcareous shale (8in KAMEI's section). The age of the
cephalopod is evidently older than the
Emsio-Couvinian or Koblenz-Eifelian
Takaharagawa formation (11 in KAMEl'S
section) whence Clzeimrus (Crotaloceplw-

IGo and myself (1956).

Therefore it may
be Ludlovian, if not (;edinnian.
In Japan Palaeozoic cephalopods are
exceedingly rare. As enumerated below,
those so far known are less than 20 species and all procured from the PermoCarboniferous formations.
Nautiloidea.
1.

2.

3.

'1.

5.

6.

"' Received Jan. 29. 1958; read at theAnnual Meeting of the Palaeontological Society of Japan at Sendai, Feb. 2, 1958.
248

I'ro/o,:yclol'eras cf r. cydophorum W AAc;r-:N
by HAYAS.A.KA. 1924b, i.e. Cydoceras sp.

nov. by SHI!\IIZU and OnATA, 1936, fromthe Upper Permian Ogachi slate formation in the 1\.itakami mountains.
llfl'lacoccras sp. by YABE and MABllTI,
19:~5. from the Permian Maiya series in
the 1\itakami mountains.
Coe/ouaulilus sp. inclt. by HAYASAKA, 195-ta,
from the lower or Hinotsuchi stage of
the Tournaisian Arisu series in the Kita·
kami mountains.
Koninckioceras sp. by HAYASA"A. 195,tb,
from the !\'Iiddle Permian Akasaka limestone in Province Mino. Gifu Prefecture.
Foordiceras tchyueiforme HAYASAKA andOzAKI. HJ5,1, from the Permian Oguraclani
bed II containing fragmentary Lyl!onia,
in l'rov. Echizen, Fukui Prefecture.
Tainoceras abukumaense HAYASAKA, 1957,
from the !\fiddle Permian of the Abu·
kuma mountains.

A Gotlandian Nautiloid from the Hida Plateau in Japan1.

Tylonautilus permiws IIAYASAKA. 1957.
from the same locality as the preceding.

Ammonoidea.
I.

Gastricowras a sp. by YABE, 190·1, from

the Middle Permian of Kobama in the
Kitakami mountains.
2. Gastricocems b sp. by YABE, 190·1. fromthe Permo·Carboniferous Omi limestonein Prov. Echigo, Niigata Prefecture.
3. Slacheoceras iwaizakiense ivlABUTI, 19:!5,
from the !\Iiddle Permian Iwaizaki lime·stone in the Kitakami mountains.
4. Slacheoceras sp. indt.. by IIAYASAKA. 1940.
from the Middle Permian Kanokura stage(?)of Kobama in the Kitakami mountains.
5. Paraceltites cfr. e/egaus GIRTY by liAYA·
SAKA, 1940, from the Kanokura stage of
Imo in the Kitakami mountains.
6. Gaslricoceras c sp. inclt. by l-IAYASAKA,
1954a. from the Tournaisian Arisu series
in the Kitakami mountains.
7. Prolecauites (')a sp, indt. by HAYASAKA,
195·1a. from the upper or Jumonji stage of
the Tournaisian Arisu series and the
lo\\'er part ~1f the Etroeungtian Ilil\oroichi series in the Kitakami mountains.
8. Prolecwziles (?) b sp. indt. by IIAYASAKA,
1954, from the Jumonji stage in the Kila·
kami mountains.
9. Med/icotlia (?) sp. by HAYASAKA, ]954,
from the younger Permian of Tasobe·
Yillage in the Kitakami mountains.
lU. /Janieloceras intermedium ('.VANNER) by
IL"-YASAKA, 195·ta. from the upper Kano·
kuro series (Kazanian) of the Katchi·
zawa in the Kitakami mountains.

They are each represented by one ora few specimens. mostly imperfect or
crudely deformed. There is no locality
in the Palaeozoic of japan so rich incephalopods that it can be called "Cephalo·
pod facies." All of these species arecoiled except the first one which is anannulated orthocone. The Fukuji specimen is another orthocone, also not wellpreserved. but I think it worthwhile torecord its occurrence, because it is the249

oldest among the cephalopods in Japan.
For the study of such a rare specimen
I thank its collecter and sender.
Merit to TRoEnssoN (l~l31), TEICHERTand Mn.LER's inspections (1936, 38 and40), it was dug out from old literaturesthat Ortlioceras DEsHAYEs, 1831, is ahomonym of Ortlioceras BRuGUIERE, 1789,
which is in turn a synomyn of I!ippurites.
Ortlioceros BRUNNICII, 1771, is on theother hand valid as a generic name ofstraight nautiloids as typified by Ortlw·
ceratiles regularis ScHLOTIIEilll, 18~0. Ac·
cording to TEICHERT (19~8) and TRoEossoN(1!131) this species is a long narrowstraight nautiloid having a few promi·
nent. but short longitudinal grooves on
the living chamber and sometimes a
broad shallow transverse constriction
near the apparture and occurring insitu in the Orthocerenkalk in the Baltic
region.
Because Ortlwceros is typified by suchan unusual orthoceroid. Fo~:RsTE (1932)
proposed Miclielinoceras for the substitute of Ortlwcems as a form genus ofnautiloids. Its type species is Ortlzoceras
micheli11i B.-\RRANDE from the E stage inBohemia. The invalidity of Ortlwceras
DEsJLWEs means at the same time thatof the Orthoccratidae HYATT, 1900. There·
fore TEICHERT and MILLER (1936) chang·
ed the family name from Orthoceratidae
to Orthocerotidae. Later, however, FLO·
w ER (1945) proposed Michelinoceratidae
to replace Orthocerotidae by the reason
that Orthocerotidae is easily confusedwith Orthoceratidae.
Prior to this SHIMIZU and Or~ATA (1935)
created Sinoceras on Ortlioceras c/1inense
FooRn in Yo. 1930, which is characteriz·
ed by long septal necks and ventrally(?) sinuatecl striae of different strengthes.
They proposed further a new family.
Sinoceratidae. Sinoceras is indeed a dis·tinct genus. but I cannot see sufficient250

Teiichi KoBAYASHI

distinctions to segregate the Sinocerati·
dac out of the Orthocerot idac or lVliche·
linocerotidae. If they are inseparable
in the family rank, the earlier one isvalid and accordingly the Michelinoce·
ratida FLowER, 1950, should be replacedby Sinoceratida, nov.
cllicheliuoceras hidruse KoBAY Asm,

new species
Plate 37, Figures 1-7.

The specimen is a straight phragmo·
cone, about 40 mm. long. Its cross sec·lion is subelliptical. or better to say,more strongly convex on one side thanon the other which is presumed ventral.
The major and minor diameter is re·spectively 24.3 mm. and 19.2 111111. at theadoral end and 21.2 mm. and 17.~ mm. at
the adapical end. In other words the
major diameter increases with the rateof 1 111111. in the length of about 1 em.,
while the rate of expansion is about ahalf reduced for the minor diameter.
In the longitudinal sect ion along theminor diameter G septa and !i camerae
are countable in the length of 30 mm.
The septal distance is 7 mm. at themost adapical camera, while it becomes
7.5 mm. on the other side. The septa
are moderately concave, the concavity
corresponding to a half of the septal
distance. The septal neck is of moderatesize, gently and regularly curved in·ward, the curvature suggesting that theconnecting ring is expanded to someextent between the necks. None of therings is, however, preserved. This factsuggests that the septa arc ellipocho·
anoidal and the connecting rings liable
to destruct or dissolve. At the same timeit means that there was no intracameral
or intrasiphuncular deposit which pro·tects the disappearance of the rings.
The siphunc!e is probably subtubular.
It is located almost at the center, butevidently closer to the venter than thedorsum near the adoral end. There itmeasures 3.25 mm. across at the neck.
The siphundc and camerae are filledwith dark gray dirt. Externally, theseptal sutures are transversal and nei·
ther saddle nor lobe is discernible. Test
is unpreserved and surface unknown,
but at least there is no reason to imag·
ine any kind of annulations or longitu·
dina! ridges. Unfortunately the specimenb not accompanied by its external mould
and nothing cannot be said definitely
about the surface ornamentation.
There is a pent I iar groove on the vent·raJ side, but it may be accidental. be·cause it is oblique to the axis and not
persistent. Otherwise. there is no crack
or any uneveness on the surface. Internally. the septa proper are undamaged.
Therefore it is understood that the sec·
ondary de format ion was slight and thesubelliptical cross section of the conch
is scarcely removed from the originalone.
Comparisvu :--Michelinvceras is a form
genus which needs a thorough revision.
It includes smooth orthocones, circularor subcircular in cross section. theirsiphuncles being exactly or approximate·ly centren and tubular or subtubular.
In this species the cross section is sub·elliptical and more flattened on theventral than the dorsal side. The siph·
uncle is subcent raJ in the early stage,
but becomes cxccntric by detachingfrom the dorsal wall. The septal neckis largely and strongly hooked. The
combination of these specialities showsthat this species is by no means diag·nostic of 11/iche/in()ceras, but for thetime being it is placed in the genus,
because its preservation is too poor toconsider its generic or subgeneric sep·aration.
FwwER (1945) established Arkonoceras

A Gotlandian Nautiloid from the IIida Plateau in Japanfor Ortlloceras arlwnense \V HITEAvEs
which has a smooth shell compressedin cross section with an excentric siph·
uncle. Its excentricity is so high that
it is found at I he midway bet ween thecenter and the shell wall. The septal
sutures describe gentle ventral and dor·sal saddles separated by lateral lobes in
Arlwnoceras arlwnense, whereas they arc
simply transYersal in this species.
Occurrence :-Uppermost part of Fukuji
formation (probably Ludlovian), at Fuku·
ji. 1\.amitakara village, Yoshiki county.
Prov. Hida. Giiu Prefecture.
Heferer.('cBARRANDE. l (1867-71). Systeme SiluriL·n duCentre de Ia Boheme. Vol. ~.
Ft.OWER. R H. (HJ-!5). Classification of Dl:\'0·
nian Nautiloids. :lm. !11ir/land :Vatur .. Fol.
33, No.3.
--and KllMMEt., B .. Jr. (l9fill). A Classill·.:ation of the Nautiloide~ . .four. Pal., Vol.
24. ]\io. 5.
Fo~-:nsTE. A. F. (193~). Black River and Other
Cephalopous from 1\·linnesota. ·wisconsin,i\Iichigan and Ontario. Pt. I. /Jenism1
Unit•. Bull. ]our. Sci. Lab., Vol. 27.
HAYASAKA. I. (192·\a). On the Fauna of the
Anthracolithic Limestone of Omi·mur<Jin the Western Part of Echigo. Sri. Rep.
Toholm Imp. Unit• .. 2<1. Ser .. Fo/. 8, l\'o. 1.
(1924b). Fossils in the Rooting Slate ofOgachi. Prov. Rikuzen. jajJal/. ]our. Geol.
Geogr .. Vol. 3.
- - (UHO). On Two Permian Ammonites
from the Kitalmmi Mountains. ]our.
Geol. Soc. japan, Vol. 47.
- - (1954a). Younger Palaeozoic Cephalopods
from the Kitakami Mountains. jour. Fac.
Sci. llokkaido Unit• .. Ser. I, Vol. 8, No. 4.
- - (1951h). An Occurrence of lfonincllioceras
from the Japanese Permian. Japan. ]our.
Geol. Geogr.. Vol. 25.
(1957). Two Permian Nautiloids from
Takakura.yama near Yotsukura·machi,
Fukushima Prefecture (Abukuma Plateau Region). Japan. Sci. Rep. Yolwhan1#251

1Vat. Unit•., Ser. 2. No. 6.
--and OzAKI, K (1955), A Foordiceras fromthe Permian Formation of Central Japan.
Sci. Rep. Kanazau:a Unit• .. Vol. .'1, No. 1.
KAr.IEI. T. (1955), Classification of the Fukuji
Formation (Si Iurian) on the Basis ofNn•osilcs with Description nf some
Fr11•osifPs. ]our. f.C1c. Lib. Arts, Shinsltu
rrnit'., ..·"lo. 5.
KoBAYAsHI. T. and leo. II. (1956). On theO.:currcnce of Crotaloccphalus. Deyonian
Trilobites, in Hida. West Japan. fafllm.
lour. Uml. Geogr .. Vol. 27. Nos. 2-·1.
1\lABUTI. S. (1935), On the Occurrence ofStarhmceras in tlw Kitakami 1\Iountain·
land. Northern llonsyu. Japan. Saito
1/o.on 1\ai Mus. Res .. Bull. No. t).
SmMIZU, S. and OI'ATA. T. (1935). On a New
Ordovician N::ut iloicl, Sinoceras. Proc.
bnf>. Acari. Tokyo, Vol. 11.
- - and - - (l!cl::5). New Genera of Gotlandian and OrdoYician Naul i loids. ]our.
Slllm/Jllai Sci. /11sl. .<-'er. 2. Vol. 2.
- - a n d - - (1936). Remarks on HAYASAK/I.'S
l'rolocydoceras dr. cl·t!oplwrum and thePermian and Carboniferous Orthoconic
Nautiloids of Asia. four. Ceo!. Soc:. Iaf,mt.
Fol. -13.
TEICHEIIT, C. (1928), Ueber Orthoceras regular£!
ScHLOTH. und Yerwanrlte Formen. Zeit·
sc·hr. fiir Geschiel>£'forsch .. Rd. ·1. lift. 3.
- - (1940). Contributions to Nautiloid ~omen·
clature. Jour. Pal .. Vnl. 14. ,Vo. 6.
- - and MILLER. A. K. (H136). What is Or//1()·a•ra.~ ? Am. ,Tour. Sci .. (5). 31.
- - and - - (1938). The Earliest Use of theName Orlhoceras for Cephalopods. :lm.
Jour. Sci., Vol. 35.
TROEDssoN, G. T. (1931), On the Nautiloid
Genus, Ortlwceras. Lumls U11iv. Arsskr ..
N. F.. At:d. 2. 27. Nr. 16.
YABE. H. (1904), Ammonites from the Palaeo·
zoic of Japan. ]our. Ceo/. Sor. Tokyo,
Vol. 11.
- - and MABUTI. S. (1935), On Two Upper
Palaeozoic Nautiloids from Japan and
China. japan. ]our. Geol. Geogr .. Vol. 12.
YO, C. C. (1930), The Ordovician Cephalopodsof Central China. Pal. Sinica, Ser. B,
Vol. 1, f.l1sc. 2.

252

Tciichi KOBAYASHI

Explanation of Plate 37,lJicheliuoceoas hi dense KanA YAsm, new species.

Figure 1. Ventral view showing transverse septal sutures and an accidental depression.
Xl.5
Figure 2. Lateral or right side view showing transverse sutures. x 1.5
Figure 3. Dorsal view. Xl.5
Figure 4. Longitudinal polished section along the short diameter. X2
Figure 5. Polished section showing two septa. x3. Retouched.
Figure 6. Adapical view. Xl.5
Figure 7. Diagrammatic Cross section. X 1.5

KoBAYAsHI:

Plate 37

Gotlandian Nautiloid

2

4

5

7

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. K S .. No. 31, pp. :.!53-264. pl. 38. Aug. 15. 1958.

GRANULIFUSUS FROM THE MIYAZAKI GROUP:1-16.

(PALAEONTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE MIYAZAKI GROUP-V)*
TSUGIO SHUTO
Department of Geology, Kyushu University

11~11'1'l!llllEo:>

Granulifusus:.~l;!JIIc il!t:!IJ; (1952, 5·1)[.,"'(', j[Jr.ij Granulifusus T(lll.~IA.:oII:~;!:H;s OH'J>;;,, '~*'\}IJ>'l/tl'b• ~1.:1:.

1.:1: Fusinus niponicus SMITH .-e~;i:J~:fllU:
fStllj (1928) CJ),li,;~~J...,t.:·I:';M.j~/t~ (J) foiwt.~ dualis liC:(J)Ijj1
C:.(J) dualis (J)]lil'. =-.~[fil\1):r1ftii\T ;so Grauu/~{usus IZ:.41ffl<

H]t.;:~J'IIU: 't(l).ffi'tO)JUQlc t-!: -?~'"'C.

.

Ul G=fil! c. WEJ.lJO)l~.'thJ: O'l~.f.:i0fific Cl>IYJ!,f:H~:.ltL,

~.

~

~

~

sent genus to its allied genera except
F'usinus (s. s. ), a concise review is given
here.
Gmnu!ijusus more resembles Propefusus IREDALE 1!!2~ with the type species
Propcfusus pyrulatus (REEvE) than Fusinus(s. s.) in its aperture and the ornamentation. But Propefusus has shorter shellornamented with less granular projec·
lions than Granulifusus.
Buccinofusus CoNRAD 1863 with thetype species Ruccinofusus pari/is CoNRAD
also shows some resemblance with the
new genus in its aperture. but the former
has the bended and shorter canal thanthe latter and its operculum is nucleatedat the anterior encl.
Grmm!ifusus includes three living
species in Japan. They live altogether
on the sandy bottom of the subneritic
fascia of the Pacific surrounding south
Japan where the water is affected bv
the warm Kuroshio current. The genu.s
is. therefore. one of the typical elementsof the Kuroshio fauna. Although theexact range of the geographical distri·hution of the genus is not known,•· Fusus rujinodis " v. MARTENs from theIndonesian region seemingly is, so far

I ntrocluetion

Having distinguished a particularform from the species group of the genus
Fitsinus RAFINESQUE 1815. Drs. T. K LJRODA
and T. IiAnE have recently establisheda new genus Grannlifusus based on
Fusinus niponicus (SMITH) (SMITH, 1879, p.
203, pl. 20. f. 31) as the type species.
According to them " the shell charactersof this species do not agree with thoseof Fusinus in having a few granulated
spiral series on the surface and theaperture gently narrowed to the siphonal
canal without any constriction. The
operculum of this species is very small.
thick and ovate. nucleus of which issituated eccentrically, not terminally as
in many species of Fusinus and theradula also bears a small number ofcusps on the lateral tooth." These are
the reasons why they established a new
genus and I agree with their conclusion.
Since the original authors did not referto the neccesary comparison of the pre-* Received Jan. 16. 1958; read at themeeting of \Vest Japan Section, Geological
S?ciety of Japan, Fukuoka. July 1, l9S6.
253

Tsugio SHuTo254

has been known, only a representativeof the foreign species of Gramdi[usus.
That shows a possibility that the genus
is one of the Indo· Pacific elements.
Among the fossil fauna three speciesof the genus have been known from the
Neogene strata of the Pacific side ofsouthwest Japan. G. dualis (Yotwv Al\tA)(YOKOY AM A, 19~8. p. 344, pJ. 67. f. 3) was
reported from the l\Iiyazaki group of
Kyushu and the Tonohama group of
Shikoku. G. maldyamai (OTuKA) (Y01m·
YAMA. 1920, p. 49. pl. 2, f. 7 as Fusus
uiponicus SMtTH; 0TUKA, 19:~7. p. 1008 as
Fusiuus malliyamai: TAKI and OvA~IA.
I9S4, p. 23) and G. musasl1iensis (MAin·
YAMA) (YOKOYAMA, 1922. p. 52, p). 2, f. 11
as Fusus uiponicus SMITH; MAKIYAI\IA,
1~31 as Fu}:inus nipouicus musashiensis:
TAKI and OvAMA, 1954, p. 23) occur from
the Miyata and the Semata formal ion ofsouth Kwanto. respectively.
From the Miyazaki group a few allied
forms have been found besides G. dua!is.
Though their operculum has nol beenfound yet, they are reasonably identified
to that genus on the basis of the shellform and the ontogeny.
In this paper the descriptions of thefour species including new two ones andthe consideration on the evolution of thespecies in relation to their ontogeny andthe stratigraphic occurrence are given.

spiral ribs, the interjacent numerous
fine spiral lines and the strong axial
plicae. The crossings of the spiral ribs
and the axial plicae are raised to become
the distinct nodes which are compressed
axially and elongated spirally.
The
details of these features are very impor·tant for the comparison of the morphology and the ontogeny among the species.
For instance in G. nipouicus the penulti·
mate whorl shows rather rounded profile with four angulations which coincide\Vith the distinct spiral ribs. Theseangulations, for convenience, are called(a). (b), (c) and (d) in ascending orderrespectively (text-fig. 2). The primary
rib corresponding to the angulation (a)is denoted by la and so on. 3f, 2g. 2h.
~i and 2j mean the secondary spirals
interjacent between the nagulation (a)and the lower suture, bet ween (a) and(b), (b) and (c), (c) and (d) and between(d) and the upper suture respectiyely(text-fig. 3). These primary and secon·
dary threads appear with divergent
strength at the different stage of growthamong the species.
These notations are adopted in thedescription of the species in the follow·
ing pages.

Grmm/Zfusus dua/is (YoKOYAMA)
Plate 37, Figures 5, 6, 10. 11 and 12.

Systematic Description

Fusidae o'ORBIGNY 18,13

Granulifusus KuRoDA and HAnE, 1952
(type species: Fusi11us nijJonicus(SI\uTH) by original designation)
As given in the original description
the shell of the genus consists of theconvex and angulated numerous whorls.
which are provided with a few distinct

1928, Fltsus dualis YoKOYAMA, four. Fac. Sci.
Imp. Uni11. Toi(\'O, sec. II. 1'0/. 2. pt. 7.
p. 344. pl. 67. fig. 3.

1929, Fltsus dualis, YoKoYAMA. Imp. Ceo/.
Surv. Japan Rep. 110. 10·1, p. 12, pl. 7,
fig. 5.

1\!aterial :-GK.-L 15071 to 15072. 15086
to 15088 and 15105 to 15109 from thetype locality Hagenoshita, Uwaye muracollected by Professor T. MATsuMoToand the second year students of the
Department of Geology of the Kyushu

Grmwli}iesus from the 1\·liyazaki Group

University in 1938; 1!1083 to 15085 and
15089 collected from T6riyama, Kawaminami mura by myself.
The fossil occurrence is common andthe preservation is complete. The matrix is fine sand at Hagenoshita and tuftaceous muddy sand at Toriy:una.
:Heasurements :-Shown in table 1.
Remarks:- The protoconch is roundand smooth except for the minute linesof growth and consists of one and a half
whorls, which are very constant in number though the original author described
the protoconch of 1wo whorls. On the
post-nuclear \\·horls, especially on theadult whorls. a distinct angul:ltion (a)is situated at two-fifths of the whorl·height from the lower suture in almost
all specimens. but in the rare exceptions
it is at the lo\Yer third to fourth as in·dicat~:d in the original description. The
surface below the angulation is rather
Table I.

specimen
reg. no.
GK-L

species

255

variable in attitude, namely. it is almost
vertical or slightly receding in general.
but in some cases it is even sloping.
The first post -nuclear whorl shows thetri-angulated outline (angulation (a), (b)and (c)), but the angulations except for(a) are weakened rapidly as the shell
grows and on the third whorl they canhardly be traced. This results the surface above (a) is almost fiat. In thegreater number of the specimens anotherangulation (e) is concealed by the next
whorl just below lhe suture (text-fig. ~­dualis b), but in a considerable numberof the specimens it is not covered andvisible from outside close to the lower
suture to form the bi-angulated outline(text-fig. ~. dua/is a). The other charac·
teristics are not so variable and quite
agreeable with the original description.
There is no apparent difference in theform characters between the specimen

1\kasurcmcnt of the sel.::cted specimens uf Granulifusus
from the Miynaki Group.
localityheight ofthe· shell(mm)largest di;:~nwtcr
of the shell(rnm)height of
the spire(mm)

apicalangle(degrees)

6. 0
14.1
11. 7
9.8
ll.ri
II. 9
!J. 4
12.5
12. I
10. 3

4.2
11.8
11 ca
9.9
11.4
12.8
11. 2
11.6
12.5
11. 0
13. 7
12. 0
II. 0
12. 3

42
43
43

15071
15072
15073
15074
15075
15076
15078
15079
15080
15081
15084
15085
15086
15087

dualisdual isdualisdualisdua/isdualisdual isdualisdualisdualisdua/isdualisdualisdual isl-lagenoshita
llagenoshita
llagenoshita
Ilagcnoshita
Ilagenoshi ta
Ilagenoshita
Hagenoshita
Hagcnoshi ta
Hagcnosh ita
Jlagcnoshi I a
Toriyama
Toriyama
Ilagenoshita
Hagenoshita

16.8
3:-.5
33 ca
23.5
29 ca
31.2
23 ca
31.4
31. 5
27. 5
36.3
31. 3
29.6

II. I
II. 2
10. 4

15101
15102

matsumotoi
malsumotoi

Ilagcnoshita
llagenoshita

31.9
33 ca

12. 1
11. 2

8.3
11. 9

40

15091
15092

koyuanus

AzukinoAzukino

33 ca
23. 7

12.4

11. 3
7.3

45
46

k0)'/101/IIS

2!-1. 0

1~.2

9. 5

42
44
41
43
47
45
44
47
45
43
43
40

256

Tsugio SHUTO

groups from IIagenoshita and Toriyama
which are quivalent in Limeto Hla andHlb (IKEBE. 1954, p. 74), respectively.
Horizon.-The middle and the upper
Takanabe member (Lowest and Lower
Pliocene).
Loca/ities.-Hagenoshita. 11 Uwaye mura;T6riyama."> Kawaminami mura. Koyu
gun, i\liyazaki Prefecture.

Granulifusus koyumws n. sp.
Plate 37, Figures 9 and 13.

Jl!aterial:-Holotype, GI\·L 15091; para·
types, GK·L 15092 to 1:1095. All the
specimens came from the calcareous
nodules in the siltstone at Azukino (J\II·4853), Mino mura. Koyu gun.
The
detached specimens are not perfect indetails because of the dilliculty in clean·ing, though the preservation in the
nodules is very complete.
,Heasuremenls :-Shown in table I.
Diagnosis:- The shell is moderate insize and in thickness and fusiform withthe high spire which consists of one anda half \vhorls of the protoconch andabout six to seven post-nuclear whorls.
The protoconch is smooth and rounded
but not well observed in detail. The
post-nuclear whorls arc angulatcd andsculptured with the axial plicae and thespiral threads. On the early whorls theaxial plicae are stronger than the spirals
which arc composed of the rows of the
granules on the plicae at the early stage
and soon become the continuous threads.
The first whorl has l hree primaryspirals. 1e. 1a and 1b, and one secondaryspiral. 2c. of which the second one fromthe lower suture, la, is largest andmakes the angulation; the lowest one,le, is close to the suture and moderate
1)2)'aJij!lji.!Jllhlf!IU.-.IIH:n;O) -F
Wil
JllifHl)JJllll

in size; the third. lb. is rather weak
and the uppermost one, 2c. appears alittle later and considerably weak tocompare with the primary spirals. On
the second whorl two secondary and two
tertiary spirals appear on each interspace between I he foregoing spirals andthe upper suture. They are namely 2g,
2f. :ih and :~d in ascending order. The
other terl iary spirals appear on the thirdor four! h whorl and the quatery andthe lower-order spirals are rather irregu Jar in the order and the position of
appearence. The axial plicae are broadly
rounded and strongest on the angulation.
weaken both above and below and about
11 to 12 in number on the first whorl.
10 on the adolescent and 10 to 11 on theultimate.
The penultimate whorl is angulate at
two-tifths of the whorl-height from thelower suture with the surface above theangulation slightly convex and steepJ~r
sloping and below somewhat concaveand slightly receding. Two primaries,
le and Ia. form the blunt tubercles on
the crossings with the plicae. The
tubercles are spi rall ~' elongated andstronger on the angulation (a) than on
the basal rib le. 1b is rather weak and2c is hardly distinguished from othersecondary ribs or tertiary threads which
are numerous and close set. The grmvthlines are line, distinct and slightly
sinuoused. The aperture is fusiform andpointed behind and does not contract
abruptly at the lower part. The outer
lip is thin with a plica outside and theinner lip smooth with the thin callus.
The canal is long and slightly bend side\vard. The fasciole does not develop.
Comparison:- The present new species
is closely allied to G. dualis (YoKoYAMA),
especially to the form with a basal primay spiral. The ontogenetic growth of
the spiral sculpture is quite identical

Grauulijitsus from the Miyazaki Groupbetween the I wo in the early stage, but
in the later stage the primaries and theseco'1daries on the rump become \vcak
rapidly in G. dua/is and they hold theoriginal strength in G. koyumws. Furthermore the surface below the angulation (a) is slightl~· concaye in the former
and rather strongly so in the latter.
The axial plicae are more numerous in
the former I han in the latter.
Horizon :-The upper part of the 1\awabaru member (lower Upper 1\liocene).
Locality :-Azukino. 1l l\Iino. mura, Koyu
gun, l\liyazaki Prefecture.
Granu/z(usu~malsumotoi n. sp.

Plate 3(i, Figures 3. 4. I and S.

Material :-1-lolotype. GK-L 15101 ; paratypes. GI\.-L 1:1102 to 16104. All the
specimens came irom the fine sand bed
intercalated in the silty strata. Collectors. Proiessor T. l\fAT5UMoTo and thesecond year students of the Dep:trt mentof Geology of 1\yushu Uni\'ersity in 1938
(GK- L 15101. 15103 and 1510,1) and myself iGK-L Hil02).
Measurements :-ShO\vn in table I.
Diagnosis :-The shell is moderate insize and thickness. fusiiorm and withthe high and straight-sided spire. The
apex is small, smooth. rounded and consists of one and a half whorls of the
protoconch. The post-nuclear whorls
are about six in number, angulated andsculptured by the axial plicae and thespiral threads. Three primary spirals(la, lb and !c) of almost equal :-;ize appear at the beginning of the first whorl.
They consist of three spiral rows of
granules at lirst and become the continuous ribs on the second whorl. where
the upper one is so weak that the profile of the whorl is bi-angulate. Of the:!57

four secondary spirals the subsutural,
2d. appears at the middle stage of thefirst whorl. the middle one ,2g. at theend of that whorl. and the lowest .2f.
and the upper .2h. on the second whorl.
The tertiaries appear on the third or
the later whorls. On the later whorls
the two 111ajor spirals .la and I b. form
the laterally elongated tubercles on the
crossing with the plicae. The penultimate or the ultimate whorl is ornamented by the additional quatery and thelower-order spiral lines. The penultimate whorl is angulated at one-fourthand three-lift hs from the lower suture.
The surface above the upper angulation.
(b), is slightly conca\'e or almost flatand steeply sloping: that bet ween the
angulations is markedly concave andYertical or somewhat sloping; and that
below the lower angulation is concave
and rrceding. The spiral threads on theadult whorls are regularly spaced andalternated by the tine with 1he minute

'4 bj
,. d.
'I! '"

Text-fig. I. Early whorls nf the related
species of Gramtli_(ususa-b. G. dualis (YoKOYAMA)
e-el. G. matsumotoi n. sp.
e.
G. kiranus KuRODA (1\IS)f.
G. niponiClls (SMITH)g.
G. musashiensis (I\·1AJ<IYAMA)

258

Tsugio SnuTo

ones. The suture is appressed. Thebase is necked and sculptured by thenumerous threads of which the primaries
are weaker and the secondaries are
somewhat stronger than those on thelateral surface. The aperture is fusiform with the long canal which hardly
bends sideward. The fasciolc is not so
doveloped. The inner lip is simple andsmooth with thin callus; the outer lip
is thin with a plica outside.
Comparison:- The new species is allied
to G. dual is (Y oKov .~.MA), especially tothe bi-angulate form of it. The two
species have the equal geological range
and occur at the same localities, I houghG. dua/is occurs much more frequently
than the new species does. In G. matsu·
moloi n. sp. the angle-forming primaryspirals are la and lb. but in the biangulate specimens of G. dualis they are
1a and another additional lower primaryle. In some cases le of the latter species
appears at the beginning of the first
whorl. gradually approaches the lower
suture and at last conceals itself undPr
the following whorl in the later stage,and in other cases, on the centrary, it
is not visible from outside under thecover of the next whorl at the firststage and then crops out from that cover.
Accordingly the lower angulation of thebi-angulated form of G. dualis is clo£eto the suture and that of G. malsumoloi
is at the lower one-fourth of the whorl·height (text-fig. 2 dualis a and matsu·
mofoi). Other differences bet ween thetwo species are as follows. G. matswnoloi
has less numerous whorls and the axial
plicae.
G. kiranus KuRoDA (MS) (KIRA, 1954,
pl. 30, f. 3) is another ally to this new
species. The former is one and a halftimes larger than the latter. Thoughboth are bi-angulate and the surface
above the upper angulation is nearly

11at, the spirals on the ramp are quite
different. lc is hardly stronger than
the secondaries in G. matsumotoi, but in
G. !?irames not only lc but also 2d isremarkably stronger than the othersecondaries and approximately show thetri-angulate appearance. Furthermore
the position of the main angulations is
closer to the lower suture in G. kirauus
than in matsumotoi. In spite of thesedifferences the two so closely resemble
each other in general outline and ontogenetic feature that it is naturally con·eluded that they have some phylogeneti·
cal relation.
"Fusus rufinodis v. lVIARTI,Ns subsp.
timorensis forma a" (KoPERBERG. 1931. S.
90, T. 2. F. 32) is another ally to thepresent new species, but the two arereadily distinguished by the follo\vingdifference. The former is slightly larger
than the latter and has stronger axial
plicae and threads inside of the outerlip. Moreover the secondary and thetertiary spirals of the former arc very
weakly depressed.
Horizon:- The middle part of the
Takanabe member (Lower Pliocene).
Locality :-IIagenoshita.'l Uwaye mura,
Koyu gun, l'vliyazaki Prefecture.

Evolutional I~ineage of Grarwlifwms

I compared the general form and ontogeny of six known and two ne\v species
to realize the phylogenetic relation
among them. Among the known species
G. kirmms KuRoDA (1\'IS), G. niponicus(SMITH), G. nmsashiensis (l\.JAKIYAMA) and
G. dualis (YoKoYAMA) in some sort resemble the new species G. lwyuanus andG. matsumotoi, in the general form.
Accurate comparison of their penulti·
mate whorls reveals the following evidence (text-figs. 2 and 3). In G. niponicus

Granul~(u.~u.<from the Miyazaki Group

Tcxt·fig. 2. Ontogenetic change in the
profiles of the post·nut'lear whorls in theselected ~pc:cics of (,'ranulifusus (sec lcxl
p. zuo).
lsi. 2nd and La mean the first. the second
and the last whorl respectively.

the whorls show rather rounded sidewith four angulations (a), (b), (c) and(d) as above noted. Among four angulations, (d) is considerably weaker insome specimens than the others. which
are equally heavy. (;. musaslzieusis h:-ts
the whorl resembling the preceding.
However the penultimate whorl of G.
musashiensis is featured by the additional angulation (jj and by rather tlal
slope above (c), which in G. niponicus is
not flat but rounded. In these two
species the angulations (a) and (b) arc
situated at comparatively lower positionon the whorl side. In G. kiranus theangulations (a) and (b) are heavy andsimilar to those of the preceding species,
however, (c) and (d) hardly indicate thedistinct marks of angulationbutwith rather weak spiral ribs. This re·suits that the surface above the angulalation (b) toward the upper suture isalmost flat. In other \Vords the flat slope
exihibited in G. musashieusis is exag·

259

gerated in G. kiranus. The lower two
angulations Ca\ and (b) lie also at com·paratively lower position, namely. at thelower one-ninth and at one half of thewhorl-height respectively. In G. malstt·
mofoi, though (a) and (b) are also strong,
the surface above (b) is quite flat or evenconcave without any angulation andthere L'Xists only a weak riblet at theposit ion coresponding to the angulation{c) of the early whorls. The position of(a) and (b) is a little higher than in thepreceding three species, namely, at thelower one-quater and three-fifths of thewhorl-height respectively. In G. dua/isthe number of the angulation decreases
further. Generally only one but marked
angulation (a) is visible at the lower
three-fifths of the whorl-height. The
surface above the angulation makes aquite flat slope where (b), (c) and (d) arerepresented by the line threads and nomarks of the angulation except for the
somewhat clear elevation equivalent to(b) in few specimens. In a few specimens another angulation (e) is visible
close to the lower suture. G. koyuanus
is provided also with the distinct angulation (a) and (e) at almost the same
position as in the preceding form. In
this species the angulations (b) and (c)are hardly developed on the slightly
convex surface above {a), though theribs corresponding to these angulations
are moderately strong and even spinose.
From the above mentioned facts I
directly recognize certain resemblanceof the form of the adult whorl between
G. koyumms and G. clualis. bet ween G.
matsumotoi and G. lliranus and that be·
tween G. niponicus and G. musashicusis.
Apparently the second group is the in·termediate form between the first andthe third group.
What is the ontogenetic expression ofthese characteristics of the adult mor-

Tsugio SHUTO

260

Table 2. Comparison of the morphological characters, dimensions and geological ageof the selected species of Granuli[usus.
In the column of axial plice f. p. and u denote the first post-nuclear, the penultimate,
and the ultimate whorl rl:spectivcly.
The height and the maximum diameter arc given in mm, and the apical angle indegrees.
Grmwlifusus

species
G. niponicus
IS~ liTH)

G. kiramts
IKUROIJA].

G.
mw;ashicnsis
11\IAKI\'AMA)

G. makiyamai\OTUK A]G. dualis(YOKOYt\MA)G, koyumws

n. sp.
G. matsumotoi

n. sp.

'\~~,

axial

whorlsplicae

»
~

u

1-:>

\1

protoconch

r
p

f

1-5

~

y,
0

p
u
p

p
u

5

~5

7_j<:
1.5

f
p
\1

f

p

12
11
12-13
12
13
J.l- 15
12-15

15
12-11
11- 12
13
12
10

ll

11

r

12
10-12
11

p

u

penultimate \\'lwrl

distinct spirJIthreads

3

3

3

siUe

~-

e~
.

G

~

1

f

2

2

phology among these species?
The protoconchs of the five forms con·sist equally of about one and a half
whorls of rounded and smooth profileand the fluctuation in that number isonly of minor extent. at most a quater
whorl, and is observed very rarely.
Thus, concerning with the protoconch,
the apparent different is not found among
the species.
The obervation of the ontogenetic
change of the profile of the post -nuclear
whorls offers an interesting evidence.
As indicated in text-fig. 2, the first post·
nuclear whorl shows the depressed oct·angular outline in all the species. In
G. dualis the original octangular outline
holds during only the first whorl andsoon becomes modified
hexagonal.

e:
~

max.

apical
angle

age

47

17

39-41

Recent45

17

42

Recent

33

11

-13

Pleistocene

2S

10

38

l'leistocenc

38

14

43-45

Early
Pliocene

:~2

11

~(I

Late
Miocene

33

12

-10

Early
Plioceneheightdiameter

Whereas in G. lwyuanus the octagonal
stage continues through two and a half
whorls. In G. ma/sumotoi and kiranus
it lasts until! the gerontic stage withminor moclilicaiion. The details of theoctagonal profile differ between theformer and the latter group; that is tosay. the angulations (a) and (b) are more
widely separated in G. matsumotoi groupthan in G. dualis group. The first whorlof G. niprmicus and musasliiensis is oc·
tagonal of the latter type with a minor
modification by the angulation (d), however, on the later whorls the angulations(a) and (b) approach each other and re·markably come forward toward thelower suture altogether. As a result of
this change the angulations (c} and (d)become distinct and the whorl shows a261(;rmmlifusus from the 1\Iiyazaki Group

convexedly arched profile. This tendency
illustrated in G. 11iPonicus is further
pushed forward in G. musashiensis andgreatly excessed in G. malziyamai. bothof which occur in the lower Pleistocene
beds of south Kwanto region. Irrespective of this resemblance. the surface
above (c) in nmsaslziensis becomes a flat
slope, which is one of the characteristicfeatures of G. /?iran us and the ancient
species.
From the evolutionary point of view it
may be considered that in G. dualis thenepionic stage of G. lwyuanus is shortened and the late stage of the latter is
prolongated and exaggerated and somenew characters are added. G. matsumotoi and lziranus in their adult stage
show the nepionic characteristics of G.
koyuanus. In G. niponicus. musashiensis
and makiyamai the tendency illustrated
in G. matsumotoi is further developed.
1n the whole forms majority of theangle-forming ribs appears at the beginning of the first post-nuclear whorl. but
some start a little later and others later
on. The spirals of earlier-appearance
are generally more distinct than thoseof latter appearance. I define the formergroup as the primary spirals, the second
group as the secondary. and so on. The
notation of them is shown as the combination with the symbol of the angulation as mentioned above. In all theforms the primary spirals appear as the
spiral rows of the granules on the axial
plicae and then at the later part of thefirst post-nuclear whorl they continue
spirally (text-fig. 1). In G. niponicus la,lb and lc are almost equally developed
at the beginning and hold their strength
throughout the growth stages. lei [rarely 2d) is slightly less distinct originallythan the other primaries and becomes
weaker gradually as the shell grows.
but it maintains somehow the magnitudeof .. primary" order. The secondaries
appear altogether at the transition between the first and the second postnuclear whorl. though there are rare
exceptions in which cases the upper ones.
bt

Pf(ICO.:uiKh:

Jnl

Npi;Nb(J;jI
I

ISMIIIl•

lb

,,

•"'•
G tu.m~

5th

6C;h

7th

8th

'"

f----

k

-!L

. ,. '·'
~~

....

lh

k
li-H

1--

'!h

lb

,..,. '"1:.:"""~4"/'!IU--= =---- ~~~·lKI_J.:utH

G

4th

,,

I

'-

2nd

ld

G

·-----'-2·-~=-=

z,
II

...

tll

10

t~

Ll

II

10

l•l 11

1:?

B

-Jh

-:.:11:-2f

II,,2•1-..:..lt-!hlb
IYlll-.m \~t.\1

,_,

\1:!

II

11

11

-.zd-'1~

thul/a:~~~~~ --2·-~I

1'ot:m·'"'· 1

I! lZ·--cc--~---c!I-F=---==- l . c . = $ 1,''I

13 1:.:

l!

t:!

11

II

::•-111

~~-10

fP-Jj

13

o4•
,, r----::-.'h- .'-1Glllais:ti'I'Jtl!'.-r
11. ;p

lh

,_,

"<

:..:1

"""'
,;

t:!-']1ld,,

Hr~J:•

11-1.-!

"

6tb

"'

:!h

matrulu,·rm-'•11·
1!I,I.\KJY.UI\

W-J:;

2;;

1.•

""'~

11

11

,.

);!

""""''""'"

bt

2nd

J<d

4th

::f

Jth

ith

8th

\\h<>rl

Text-fig. 3. Ontugencclic change in thefeatures of the spiral and the axial orna·
mentation in the selected species of Gra·nuli[usus.

2i or 2j. tend to be retarded from appearance. G. musashiensis has originallytour primaries, la, lb, lc and ld, of
which the upper two are considerably
smaller than the others. The secondaries
except for the uppermost one, 2j. appear

262

Tsugio SHUTO

almost at the middle pari of the third
whorl and become gradually so weakthat they are indistingu ishablc from thetertiary threads on the late whorls.
Whereas ~j starts on the second whorl
and becomes as strong as I d and makes
the angulation on the late whorls.
The difference of the ontogenetic features of the spirals bel ween the preceding species and G. !?imnus is very delicate. 2d of the latter species puts inappearance on the second whorl and theother secondaries follow I he tendency of
those of G. nipouicus but with some excession. In G. matsumotoi lc is almost
equally developed to the other primaries.
la and lb. originally. but becomes weak
rapidly and on the fourth whorl it ishardly distinguished from other secondaries or even from tertiaries. 2d appears at the middle of I he first whorlwith its distict granules, however, it is
weakened and dissolved into the threadsof the lower order. 2g, :.!f. 2h and 2i
appear in this order at the stage between
the beginning of the second and thethird whorl.
In G. koyuanus the situation is quite
different. The primaries are unequal
originally. That is to say. the verystrong la is acompanied by the muchless distinct le, lb and 2c (rarely lc).
The latter three ribs. though weak tocompare with la. holds their magnitudet)f the primary or the secondary orderunchanged throughout the growth stages
and distinctive from the I h reads of thelower order. Because the spiral d isdelayed untill the second whorl, where
it appears as 3d together with 2f, 2g and3h. 4i and 4j, in return, are retarded andstart only at the transition between thethird and the fourth whorl.
In G. dualis, though the primaries areof the same magni~ude originally, only
la maintains its strength throughout.

lb and lc. especially the latter, become
weak rapidly and thus on the third
whorl they arc hardly distinguishedfrom the secondaries. 2d appears insome specimens on the early part of thefirst whorl and in other extremities atthe beginning of the third whorl. Amongthe other secondaries 2t and 2g tend to
appear early on the first or second whorl
and the order of the appearance of themis rather irrcgular.
The numer and the strength of theaxial plicae arc not only different among
the species, but also change through thegrowth stages of each species. ln thewhole species of Granulifusus the plicae
are generally heavy in the early stage
and become weak at the late stage,
especially at the gerontic. However inthe majority of the species they holdthe strength of real plicae except for G.
niponicus and nmsashiensis, in which casethe pi icae arc obsolete at the geronl ic
stage.
The number of the axial plicae is about
12 to 1:~ on the last whorl (abbreviation,u) and 11 on the penultinate (abbreviation, p) in G. niponicus: 14 to 15 (u) and13 (p) in G. kiranus; 11 (u) and 11 (p) in
G. matsumoloi; 1·1 to 15 (u) and 12 (p) in
G. musashiensis; 11 (u) and 10 (p) in G.
lwyuanus; and 13 (u) and 11 to 12 (p) in
G. dual is. In the whole species a common tendency is observed that the plicae
once decrease in number by one or two
on the nepionic and the adolescent whorls
and then again increase in the adultand especially in the gerontic whorls by
one to three. Concerning the number ofthe plicae there is not any marked difference among the species at the early
and the middle stage of the growth. andthe deviation is observed only in thelate stage, when the number is slightly
fewer in (,'. lwyurmus and G. malsumoloi
and remarkably greater in G. musashiensis

263

Granul(fusus from the Miyazaki Group

lions of the adult form, ontogenetic
change in the whorl profile and in thefeatures of the spirals andthe axials. I
readily recognize the phylogenetic rela·and G. kiranus. G. dualis and G. uiponicus
have the intermediate number of theplicae.
In concluding the foregoing considera·

Table 3. Preliminary scheme of the phylogeny of the Japanese species of Granulifusus.
The posit ion of the recent spccics G. gemmula/a KUJmllA in these lines is not dear.

Late Miocene

-

Early

PlioceneMedialLate

Pleistocene

RecentGrmrulifusus
G. dualiskoyumms 11. S~ {YOKOYAMt\\- -l

G. malsumotoi - - - - - . - - - G. ki;a,us (KURODA)n. sp.

~--------1~ G. 11iponicus (SMITH)-~,---IC., musashu'IISiS I~IAKIYAMA)--"'-._ G makiyomat {011IKA)--tion between G. dualis and G. lwyuanus.
that bet ween G. matsumotoi and G. kiranus,
and that bet ween G. musaslziensis and G.
niponicus. These three stocks, in return,have interesting phylogenetic relationof higher category. Of course the phy·logeny of one form should be consideredon the basis of all the known species
including the foreign ones. However I
have not any detailed data concerning
the foreign species, then I offer here aresult of the preliminary considerationof the phylogenetic relation among theJapanese species of Granulifusus. The
following table is a tentative scheme ofthe phylogeny of them.
In the case that these phylogenetic
relation is true. the ancestral G. koyuanus
evolYed to ( :. dualis by "hvpermorphosis''and to G. malsumotoi stock by " neoteny".
It is a very interesting that on one

hand G. dualis, a result of hypermorphosis, seems not to have any apparent
disccndants. on the other hand G. malsu·
motoi. evolved by neoteny, left the diver·sified d iscendants.
Almowledgements

I wish to express my hearty thanks
to Professor T. lVlATSuMoTo of Kyushu
University for his effective guidance inthis serial study.
I am much obliged to Professor R.
ToRJYAMA of that University for his aiel
in the course of the study and readingover the typescript.
I am also indebted to Dr. KuRoDA of
Kyoto University for his valuable adviceson the classification of the present genus
and for giving me access to the speci·
mens or the recent species.

Tsugio SHUTO

264

l\1r. l\I. INoUYE of l\Iitsu bishi Mining
Company Ltd. gave me many precious
fossil specimens.
This study was partly financed by agrant from the Science Research Fundof the rvlinistry of Education.
Worl<s Cited
CossMANN, l\1. (1901), Essais de Paleocon·
chologie Comparee. Liv .. J, Fusidae, pp.
5-58, pis. 1-2.
lKEBE, N. (195•1), Cenozoic Biochronology ofJapan. ]our. Ins/. Polytec/mics Osaka City
UniL•ersily, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 73-86.
KIRA, T. (195-1), Illustrated Catalogue of theJapanese Shells, 206, pp. ()7 pis.
KoPERu~:RG. E. J. (1931), jungtcrtHire undQuartiire Mollusken von Timor. Ot:crgedrucM uit ]aarboek t•an hi!/ Illijnarczen
i11 Ned. Oost Judie, No. 1, 90-92, Taf. 2
Verhadlingen 1930.
KuRODA. T. and T. 1-IABE, (1952). Bibliography of the Marine Mollusks of Ja·pan (Check Lis I).
- - and-- (195·1), New Genera of Japa·

nese Marine Gastropods. ]ajxl/1. four.
Ma/acol. (Ve11us), Fo/. 18, No.2, 8t-97.
l'viAKIYA~IA. J. (1931), The Pleistocene Deposits of South Kwanto, Japan. ]apa/1.
]our. Geol. Geogr., Vol. 9, l•los. 1-2, pp.
21-53.
OTUJ<A. Y. (1937), Geologic Structure of theSouth Kwanto Region, Japan 1. Earthq.
Res. lust. !lull., Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 9741040.
SMITH. E. A. (1879). Mollusks from Japan.
Proc. Zoot. Soc. Loodou, pp. 203-20•1.
TAKI, I. and K. OYAMA, (1954), Matajiro
YoKOYAMA's The Pliocene and Later
Faunas from the Kwanto Region in Ja·
pan. Pa/aeont. Soc. japan, SPec. Pap. No.
2, 68 pp. l-49 pis.
Ycm:oYAMA, 1\f. (1920), Fossils from thet\1iura Peninsula and Its Immediate
North. four. Coli. Sci., Imp. Uni1•. Toilyo,
T'ol. 39, art. 6, pp. l-193, pis. 1-20.
(1922), Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. ibid., Vol.
44, art. J, pp. 1-200, pis. 1-17.
- - (1928), Pliocene Shells from Hyuga,]our. Fac. Sr:i., Imp. Uni1•. Tokyo, Sec. 2,2, 7. pp. 331-350, pis. 66-67.

Explanation of the plate :18
Granulifusus kiranus KuRODA (MS) ...................................................... p. 258
Fig. 1 ( x 1. 5), living, lac. off Kochi Prefecture.
Granulifusus niponicus (SMITH) .......................................................... p. 25·1
Fig. 2 (xl. 5), living, Joe. off Wakayama Prefc:cture.
Granulifusus 1/UJ/sumo/ui n. sp. . ......................................................... p. 257
Figs. 3 and 7 ( x2). hololype. GK-L 15101, Joe. llagenoshita, Uwaye mura, Koyu-gun
Miyazaki Prefecture.
Figs. 4 and 8 (x2). paralypc. GK·L 15102, Joe. same as the preceding one.
Granulifusus dwllis (YoKOYAMA) ........................................................ p. 25-1
Figs. 5 and 10 ( x2), GK-L 15081. Joe. Hagenoshita, Uwaye mura. Koyugvn. Miyazaki
Prefecture.
Figs. 6 and 12 (X2), GK·L 15075, Joe. same as the preceding one.
Fig: 11 ( x 2), GK-L 1507·1, Joe. Toriy:una, Ka waminarni mura, Koyugun, Miyazaki
Prefecture.
Granulifusus koyuanus n. sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 257
Fig. 9 (x2). holotype. GK-L 15091. lac. Azukino, Sanzai mura. Koyu gun, Miyazaki
Prefecture.
Fig. 13 ( x 2), paratype. GK-L 15094, loc. same as the preceding. The outer layer ofthe shell is removed in this specimen.
Photos by T. SHUTO

Plate 38
SHu-ro :Neogene Granulifusus...

Trans. !'roc. Palacont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 31, pp. 265-269, pl. 39, Aug. 15, 1958.

:147.

STl{ATIGRAPHICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE

LA'rJ<;R PALEOZOIC CALCAREOUS ALGAE IN JAPAN, XI IT-A restudy of the genus Physoporella*RlUJl ENDO
Department of Earth Sciences. Saitama University

Physoporel/a ~O)flj!Uf~: ~ftl-!~:k!Ffll&f}ltiiiM~J,l!jlij(Cif.t~l9JJ•J\.~JfiO)iJijJjl(::, ::·),'tlf-0iifk

f:lfJ:J: <frlij! 1...-"C!,•i IJ, ~Uil:If~:k+o:>.f~HI~!l,~i::J:-:> "Ci\'f.~(t:.iWfl't ~ tt "C~ '~, .ffi~li.TH ifk~1r1 1 1J·•?:>. rMH~IIJ"C .l~JT0Tifk~i~T=i ~y <~Q L.- . .:C0!Uf~~f:l,!:: ;U·-t.t"C f ~ H t~ o ;fJ,Ii -?01iff:J'irf11903~G. STEINI\IANN j;:.fl:j}:i::(...., O)f, ]. V. PIA fJ:il}-lii!iltL.-t: Physoporcl!a ~~. I~Ji£~~lt~ Physo-

porella c~ilp~ Clal'apltysoporel!a o:>2--::>!c:J!:ljiJ"'t~~·'l.!f-r1\!:liL.-f~O)<:'. yJJC.~!;li·"t7.>. tfr~o:>~:.~
NHi l'ltysoporc/la miuulula GUMBEL<:'. L.0ffr~KA7.>rfrftlU:I/C. J•}'I:JJI.t:llif.lili':IJ·~~5Ni!J!3(j~~tl"(~ •7.>iJ:, .:CC/)111. C/al'ltpltysoporella face/a, C. ,fluctuosa, Jk'(Y C. comforma 0) 3 Nt~xyJC)fj~"t7.>L.ttL~"

~

~

~

~

algal specimens, which he kindly forwarded to me for study.
I take this opportunity to express mygratitude for Ic.()'s corclial friendshipand also for the financial help renderedby the .Ministry of Education.
Plzysopore/la, emended and C/aoaplzysoporella. new genus.
In 1903 G. STEINMANN established genus
Physopore!la on P pauciforala from theTriassic format ions of Alps district.
Europe, and successively, in 1922 ). V.
PIA redefined the generic features are
as follows. .. Stabftirmige Dipploporen
mit piriferen. in Wirteln gestellen, unverzweigten Asten. Bei der Bestimmung ist weniger darauf gewicht zu
legcn, dass allen Poren gcgcn aussen
gcschlossen sind. als vielmehr darauf,
dass i.iberhaupt sicher geschlossen Porenauftretcn und class die form derselbensich durch die Zurundung des distalen
Endes dem pirifercn Type anschliesst.
Die \V irtel sind hUullg geclriingt bis
zweizeilig. An der Schalc ist cine Glie·

I ntrnductinn and Acknowledgement\'cry good Permian fossil localities
are found along the Kohachiga Riverin the Hida l'vlassif. Gifu-ken, whose
center is located at 3G 0 10'N. L. and 137°
22'E. L.

1-Iisayoshi l<a) of the Tokyo Universityof Education, who recently made very
careful field observations, used a term
"Nyilgawa group" to embrace all Per·
mian strata in this district. tentatively
dividing the succession into Ozu. Gonbo
and Choshidani formations in descending order.
lc.o has also been studying in detailfusulinid specimens collected in this region. using more than 300 thin sections.
In the course of this study, he foundthat relatively many of these sections
contained a great deal of well·presevecl* Received Feb. 17, 1958; read at the69th Mcel i ng of the Palaeontological Societyof japan. l~ch. 2, 1!15!!, at Senclai.
265

Hiuji ENDO

266

derung durch Annulation oder Fissuration h:iung ent wickelt oder cs macht
sich Undulation bemerkbar."Almost at once Gur-~BEL and PIA identified as Physoporel/a other cylindricalthalli with outwardly somewhat expanded stick-shaped pores. After careful examination of all the species of the socalled l'hysoporel/a, previously describedby Gt:MBEL, PIA and myself, I have now
come to recognize that the so-called
Plzysoporella be rc-cmended in accordancewith some more advanced method ofclassification.
Pl1ysoporella is proposed to include thespecies congeneric with l'llysopord!apaucifomta Gc~IliEL which has piri(crtype pores (see Text-fig. i\ 1. While I
choose Pliysopordla minutu!a GUMBEL as
the genotype of C!mmphysoj}()rel/a established as a new genus in this paper. Its
diagnoses are as follows.
Diagnoses:- The thallus is cylindrical,
relatively straight and consisting ottine
annulations. It sometimes shows slight
innerannulations. The pores are rela-tivcly slender, and usually somewhat
expanded toward the exterior. and enclosed in the calcareous body. that is.
they show all the characteristics of theso-called phloiophor type. and they aremoderately ascending toward exterior.
The pores arc arranged as definite
whorls which arc assembled into two or
three gathered lines and make clusterlike appearance. (see Text-fig. B)
C/assificatioll :-According to the above
discussion, I proposed to separate all
species of so-called Physoporella previously described into the following two
groups.
PltysofJOre/la, emended
Physoporella panciforata GttMBEL (Textfig. Al
P. dissifa c; I' MBF.L
P. praealjJina PIA
P. praealpina var. lotlwringia BEN.
P. japonica ENno
1'. kitalwmiensis ENvo
C!aM/llt_rsoiJorc/1, new genus
Clw•aphysoporella mimt!ula (GuMBEL)
1

Text-fig. B)

C. e!egantannulata (ENI>o)A

B

1 identified the following five new
species which must be inserted into new
genus C!avajJhysoporella from Nyilgawa
district.
C!twaphysoporella /aceta, C. j/ucltwsa,
C. conforma, C. simi/is and C. ltalms
from which l described here three species that are more important.
For symbols used for measurement inthis report. readers arc advised to see
the writer's description of later Paleozoic calcareous algae in japan I-X.
Family Dasycladaceae

C!avajJII_ww/Jurella, new genus
Reconstraction ofReconstraction ofClat•aphysoparel/aPh.vsoporella pauciforate
minutula (after PIA).
(after PIA).

Chwaphysoporel!a face/a. new species
Plate 39: Figures 1-5.

267

A restudy of the genus Plzysoporella==---·
J!easurementsDd·--- ------No. 606
No. 609n, 21019
P, 2105!1
No. fi07

Height of eachannulation

p

w

-----

2. 052mm
1.40~

1. 863

0.999
1.080

1.188mm
0.675
0.810
0.351
0.729

0. 095mm
0.095
O.OSI
0. Oli80. 540mm

0. 5130.675-0.810
0.378

o. O!lfi

30±----

Five specimens have been selected as
described types from a number of wellpreserved specimens that were available.
The longest specimen on hand is estimated to be 5.2 mm in length.
Description :-The thallus is cylindricaL straight and consists of line annulations.
The annulated body shows
rather deep furrows which re:tch sometimes to the deepest part of the calcareous body.
The pores are given off from thecentral stem at relatively narrow basement and they retain their width outwardly into the rounded terminations
which arc sometimes enclosed in thealgal body, or otherwise upend to theexterior; they are slightly ascending
toward the exterior and finely arranged
as a cluster.
Comparison :-As seen from t be above
description, the present spcci mens may

Aleasuremeuls

L2 210-14a
L2 210-J.Jb

D
1.89111111
1. 89

d

0. 756 rnm
0.81

This species is represented by one
well-preserved longitudinal sect ion andan associated half part of somewhat
oblique cross section. The longest specimen on hand is estimated to be 7 mm.
Description :-The thallus long. broadly cylindrical and consisting of veryfine outer ;mnulations as well as slight

be allied to C!nmp/iysoporel/a minutula
from European Triassic formation; one will note. howe\·er. that they
are easily distinguishable by the presence of fine annulations and more fine! y cluslned pores.
OrwrH'IIre :-Ozu and (;onbo format ions (upper and middle parts of the
Nyilgawa group): limestones (II. !Go's
Locality No. B figs. 2. No. P2 figs. 3 andNo. 10 fig~. 1. 4. G.) in the Horadani
valley (81). Choshidani (1'3) and Sote
(1\.3), Nyugawa-mura. Ono-gun. Gifu-hn,japan.
Ho/otype :-D. E. S .. Saitama University,
Slide Nos. GOG and GOI.
Paratype :-Geol. 1\lin. lnst. Tokyo 1\.yoiku Daigaku, Reg. Nos. 210-19 and 21055
and D. E. S.. Saitama Cniv. Slide ~o. 609.
(Gt·MBEJ.)

Clm•ap/iysoporel/a flue/ uosa, new spec ics
Plate 39; Figures 6 & 7.

p
0.108111111
0. 135Height ofanmilationw

0. 513 111111
28±

inncrannulations. The outer annulations
show wide and deep furrows whichsometimes reach the central stem. The
pores 0.1!75 mm long and given off fromthe central stem at the slightly broader
basement which gradually diminish intorather pointed terminations. The poresarc moderately ascending toward theRiuji ENOO

268

exterior and constitute fine cluster. On
whorl of clustering pores may be contained in each annulation. No reproductive organs described.
Comparison:- The present species differ from all species of. this genus pre·viously described in having fine broader
annulations and stout. long pores. There·
fore. I am not acquainted with an~·European. American or Asiatic species
with which this species is likely to be
confused.

Occurrence :-Gonbo formation (middle
part of the Nyfigawa group): limestone(H. lc;o's Loc. No. 12) at Hatahoko.
Nytlgawa-mura, '{oshiki-gun, Gifu·ken.
.Japan.
Holotype .-Geol. Min. Inst.. Tokyo
Kyoiku Daigaku, l~cg. No. 21044.
C/amp/iysoporella col/forma.

new species
Plate 39; Figures 6 & 7.

D

d

p

HI 210,18a

0. 999 mm

0. -10:> nun

131 210,18b

1. 4040. 05-! mm
0.081

A!easuremenls

Although the present species is represented by only one longitudinal section
and an associated detached annulation
without any cross sect ion. the specificfeatures are clear.
Description :-The thallus straight. cy·
lindrical and moderately undulating. It
shows fine outer annulations and slight
inner annulations. The pores are slen-

Height ofannulation
0. 59-1 mm
0. 702der. and arc given off from the stem
cell at the slightly broader basement
which gradually diminishing into rela·
tively slender terminations. The poresare moderately ascending toward theexterior and constitute fine clusters.
The outer annulations of the present
species are remarkable by the presenceof wider and deep furrows which reach

Explanation of Plate 39
S. N.=Slidc number
Figs. 1-5. C!avaphysoporella [aceta, new species. x25.
1. A longitudinal section of a very fine specimen. showing the cluster-like arrange·
ment of the pores. (S. N. 606)
2-4. Three somewhat oblique longitudinal sect ions. (S. N. 609. 21055, 21049)
5. A cross section relatively well-preserved. (S. N. 607)
Ozu and Gonbo formations (Upper and Middle parts uf the Nyugawa group):
limestone (H. Ic;o's locality No. Bl-figs. 2 and 3, No. K3-figs. 1, ·1. 5.) in the
Horadani valley (Bl) and Sole (K3) Nyi:gawa-mura. (Jno-gun. Gifu-ken. Japan.
Figs. 6-7. Clavaphysopm·e/la confomUI, new species, x 25. (S. N. 21 0-18)
6. A longitudinal section comparati\·cly well-preserved.
7. An associated detached annulation. Occurrence same as Jigs. 2 & 3.
Figs. 8-9. Clavaphysoporel!a fiuctuosa, new species, :<25. (S. N. 2104-!)
8. A well-preserved longitudinal section, showing deep-engraved sinuations and longclub-shaped pores.
9. A half part of an associated cross section. Occurrence same as figs. 2 & 3.

ENvo:

Plate 39

Permian Clavaphysoporella, new genus

2

6

.

8

.
,;,.._ 4! .
.

"'. .. ~~~ -·:(.

, :.. ,
: ~-...~? - ..~~;.~
:•.
{

3

5

~

. • ·. ~ ~.,.
.
-- ·· ~: ....

. .,,,. r . ,:... _"'-~'; . . ....~-~.

.

. .-M
- - .. ., .

..

.-..

A.
4 ~~-·
~

'

(.

·~

.

•

'

.

·_-'

~

. .··'".

..,.·.
-~ ~ ,;-.
-:~-. . .,.

I··· ..
~;; . _.

•"t

A restudy of the genus Physoporella

the middle part of the calcareous body.
Comparison:-The general appearanceof this species can be compared with
Ckwaphysoporella /aceta from the same
locality though it is distinguishable byits annulated furrows which are wider
and relati\·ely shallower and its pores
clustering regularly.
Orcurrence:-Ozu formation (Upper
part of the Nyligawa group): liniestone(II. leo's Loc. No. Bl) in the Iloradani·
valley, Otani, 1\yugawa-mura. Gifu-ken,
Japan.
Ho!otype :-Geol. l\lin. I nst. Tokyo
Kyoiku Daigaku, Reg. No. ~lOIS.
References
R. (195-!). Geology of the Mino ~foun­tain Land and southern part of Hida
Plateau, with descriptions of the algal

ENIX>,

269

remains found of the districts. Sci. Rep.
Saitama U11i1•. Ser. B, Vol. 1. 11lo. 3, p.
200, Pl. 17, Figs. 3-6.
- - (1957a). Fossil algae from the Taishaku
district. Hiroshima-ken. and Kitaminokuni. Hokkaido. Ibid. Ser. B. Vol. 2. No.
3. p. 291. l'l. -10, Figs. 1-11: Pl. -11. Fig. 1.
- - (195lb). Fossil algae from the Fukuji
district. japan. jour. Ceo!. Geogr. Vol. 28,
No. 4, pp. l'i'·t-175. Pl. 13. Fig. 1.
PIA, Julius V. (1912), Neue Studien i.iber di('Triadischen Siphoneae Vcrticillatae. Beit.
Paliioll/. ()si.·Ung. Orients. Bd. 25, pp.
43-45. Pl. Fig. 1-1; Pl. 5, Figs. 9-19: Pl.
6. Figs. 1-12; Text-figs. 16-111.
(1920). ]lie Siphoneae Verticillatac Vom
Karbon bis zur Kreide. Zoo!.- Bot. Gesell.
ll'ien, .-lbh. Hcl. 11, lief/ 2. pp. 50-56; Pl.
2. Figs. 1!!-22: Pl. 3. Figs. 1-15.
STEINMAN:>~. G. (1903). Tetrap!oporel/a REMESI,
Ein(• m·uc, llasycladacea aus dcm Tithon
von Stramberg. Beitr. Pal. Ceo/. dst.-Ung.
Orients. Vol. 15. p. 50.

/

270

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPANr s 2f>.:rti1:~~.r-itm 69 fiil/9!1:0-J 195s q: 4 fJ 26 s
~ ~:;k'f:J!I!"j!:$ft!!'e!ltf~<'.f:fft¥:K1Rt >TIJflltH U.:($~1f 21 ~) o ~H~IC:1RCt ~ .wliiii~))f!0l:!i::lil'/l'riHhl

r:Jf;J:/J(O.)ii!i I) L'~ .Q,
1. -f 9 .t. '-" 0.> !11R 0.> IVf "'G ( 'C (J) III) . . . .llfk ~ '1/i!J
2. ft.ViRJW.(J) Baket•ellia ussurica KrPAR!SOVA
var. rostrata Y ABE l<::-:>L '"l (Jt.t,~) ....

. . .. .. .. .. . . .. ..

. . rjlif-~ ct:=

3. Late Triassic Pteriacea from Atsu andMine Series, West of Japan (ftM.D ....
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . Akira TOKUYAMA·L Late Triassic Palar>op!tarus in Japan ....
........................ Akira ToKUYAMA
5. II!Z~~~W~ft!!.li:£(J)'J' Jfx /lli11F im Polymesoda

IC:.-:>L'T (ft;1J'C) .................. fliJFnP!U!B
6. iJJ;~IIf!IITllt'f.~MMli!ili:ifiiJ~Il:6!lf1c. -:JL '"l (f\':.f.1:) ..................•...........

mrrnrqrm

7. Pa/liolum peckhami (J)II.'jf~O'~~!J\HC:.~::ilt 7.>
p <-:>tp(J)Jl~'-~ .. . .. .. .. .. .. . ..... lljj:f~ !Ji.!.J
8. Nomenclatural Heview of Genera andSubgenera of Lucinids. with Remarks
on Certain Genera ( ft,b"t:) ...
...................... Katsumi llrRAYAMA
9. Review on the Classification of the
Family L uci n idae ( f~J,~) ............. .
...................... Katsumi HIRAYAMA
10. Revisions on the Japanese Species of theGenus Lucinoma (I) (ftib\D ........... .

................... Katsumi HIRAYAMA
11. A Pleistocene Marine Fauna near the
Cities of Tsu and Yokkaichi. Mie Pre·
fecture. Southwest Japan ({\:~) ..... .
............................ Yoshio ARAKI
12. 'ffli'J~Iffi(J)lfi)J¥Jitl' ...... 1Nfl5f:fil • :;t:r.~~tt13. Kurosedani Fauna .............. i'f!UJ~~~
H. Some Miocene Species of Cal/iostoma inJapan...
. ......... il!!.illlk'f: • Ntffl~f{l15. Supplementary Descriptions of the Liassic Pelecypods from the Kuruma and
Shizukawa Groups in Japan. (Studies
on the Liassic Pelecypods in Japan, 9)({~it},;) .................... Jtaru HAYAMI
16. Some Ordo\·ician Fossils from the Thai·
land·iVIalayan Borderland ..
....... Teiichi KOBAYASHI
17. Ca/liauassa shilwmai IMAIZUl\11, 1957 (})

ffiili'd:l:l (JI:,t,"G) · · ·. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .~JR;IJ~
1s. i'frl}.'JJ!i{,m,N>'u~(J)fllif&tu'lf!1 ...... !:Jf!a:=::tl!.l
19. Trif.JYi'-i'frfltllhffi0~Hn:fr:ln ...... ,;-af'ra.::::..aB
20 . .JH/11 · prJilUiil!r!c:t::i!:t ~ ti~~~~l::OO-t 7.>--nn .................. jlljm~- • ~~t.TH'li1t

21. 19.H!i~I~Tiltf0~11& ... ·iliilllll-~J • fllilll~-·
22. {fr.i!ft~lfil'if~ltTifi'10I~Hif. .. llliffi~·-· · iliW.l-~1
23. PmTolia fagifo/ia (UNGER) IlEER 2: 13
I r. :td ! t .Q .:C 0.> ifiHll!ffi i1li . . . . . . . . . . . .Hi! Wd- !JJ

*

NEWS
XXI Session, International Geological Congress li Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway,
Sweden ~~tr!X 5 7" (140;ttf)'j]::J~Itl!1' 1960 .$ 8 )'J 15-25 EllC:. Copenhagen L'Dih'J>tt.O C. IUJ '? t:.
C.0~~0lilf~r~J<~"\'>If.Hil!li~0 20 f!ISP~K:5-l'i'Ptt l:"fit>tt7.> ijjlU,h -n '.0,

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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Geochemical cycle.
Geological results of applied geochemistry and geophysics.
Pre-Quaternary absolute age determination.
Chronology and climatology of the Quaternary.
The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.
Pre-Quaternary micropaleontology.
Ordovician stratigraphy and correlations.
Late Pre-Cambrian and Cambrian stratigraphy.
Pre-Cambrian stratigraphy and correlations.
Submarine geology.
Regional and structural problems in oil geology.
Regional paleogeography.
Petrographic provinces, igneous and metamorphic rocks.
The Granite-Gneiss problem.
Genetic problems of Uranium and Thorium deposits.
Genetic problems of orcs.
Minerals and genesis of Pegmatites.
Struc.:ture of the earth's crust and deformation of rocks.
Caledonian orogeny.
Other subjects.

1:. :tt c rnllf#ll: I ntcrnational Palaeontological Union ~ The Association of Sedimentary Petrologists 0)~-fr ~ 6117'J,tt.O 1:. c IU,.: '? ·n' 7,, £/~fliJILii 48 :Elf. ~lmf&lt:li 43 J:J£0:1lb'/.'l~~fJ:iftijjjj~tt-rt,.OfJ:, ~0? t,lr.lii2< Iceland~ SW.Grccnland i't'/.:U:b>tt.O:;Id'J<fi~~ittl:'t'-0• 2nd
Circular o:?f)gffl·Li*!f.lOJ.Il fli't'ICfiia"-$ibi~lftJi;.IQ~JJIUJ:'?l:'t'.0 (C.0fflt4t.Affi01oll.i,
El*~W~iiltr1:~1Vf~~~~ft~lr.$16. i:ttt:t ').

The General Secretary, XXI Session International Geological Congrecs,
Mineralogisk Museum. j)ster Voldgade 7,
Copenhagen K, Denmark.
IX International Botanical Congress 1:! 1959 ~ 8 j'J 19-29 El Canada 0) Montreal 't'!ltlfJ>
ml~JIIC:.Ii1ltl1~~0)$~:b>O.> .0 ;b;, 2ltllilU0 British Columbia O)jg~ll: litiM~~

t1. 7.> ~JU::t.; '? t.::.

(f:J.§i!.~fJ>ftitt. ~lVJV!01r.r;tr,ylr:i!iM~!T-~O)~Ir.IO 8000~t9i7'J>lffii!ii~tl.n'.Oo l!l!~$\;li~0iH:

Secretary-General, IX International Botanical Congress,
Science Service Building, Ottawa, Canada.
:ij{:;k~~!flJ]J~fl~lt?±ll: 13 :;$:"Fm~l!i-i>ft2.< L--r International Palaeontological Union, London
Session IC:/111/ii:T .0 C. t 1r.~:£ L-t.::,;f(FJ:;k~!'lli.IM;.fi:r.'l~M±I± 13 :;$:'f.1.tii'z:llii-i>ft~ L- -r IV International Carboniferous Congress(Hecrlcn. Netherlands) !C:Uif.~T 7.> 1:. c !ClkJ:i::L-t:,

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