a -lt"'-~;- ±~ ~~~.:k· ;~tTransactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 4Palaeontological Society of Japan
November 30, 1951

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
206. Fossil Diatoms found in the Kayama Clay-shale on the Outskirts ofKanazawa City . .

.

W atam lcHIKA WA 97

207. Discovery of Erect Stumps of Xetzoxylon latiporosum in the Jurassic
Tetori Series in Japan . . . .

Yuzuru OGuR,\, Teiichi HoBAYASHI
and Shiro MAEDA 113

208. Stratigraphical and Palaeontological Studies of the Later Palaeozoic
Calcareous Algae in Japan I. Several Species of the Sallamotozawa,
Hikoroichi-mura Kesengum, in Kitakami Moantaineous Land. . . . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ryuij ENno 121

President:

Hisakatsu Y ABECouncillors:

Kiyoshi AsANo, Ryuji ENno, (Business and Accountant), Seido

ENno,

Hamyoshi FuJIMoTo, Shoshiro HANZAWA,

lchiro HAYASAKA,

Tciichi KoBAYASHI (Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro MATSUMoTo, Masao
MINATo, Tsuneteru OINOMIKAno (Publication), Tokio SHIKAMA, Koiti
SuzuKI, Fuyuji TAKA! (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YABE.

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeon!. Soc. Jap:m N. S., No. 4, pp. 97-111 Nov. 1951.

206. FOSSIL DIATOMS FOUND IN THE KAYAMA CLAY-SHALE
ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF KANAZAWA CITYI>WATARU ICHIKAWA
Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.

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VJ·t:.t> o tl· G, !JillRLIJ /!f<O-t$1t, i:R7J-::IfHit~1"C~ o.

!111/NUJ /!if <OR~ ftiHU'Jf II!: tJ•, .lf:: tt. ~ t R!:;VM tll' tJ•, k <O:Jill.i\i&IJ: t :tci!JJ tJ·lC ~ .tvcv· t,r '-' · tJ:, c. c.·<:ifiJII ill.

f;t rfftl.:: I> o ~ ~ ..... b .ft. o 1/g;/OCQJ;k~$/& ~It~ OJIJ t.l: t <0'1: h o.

left as it stands for three or four hours.
After having been sufficiently washed by
distilled water, the material must be
taken out from that test-tube, and it isdried in the constant temperature furnace
until it becomes white powder. Its dried
powder is useful for the microscopicaltest of fossil diatoms.
The writer wish to record here myindebtedness to Proc. Dr. I. HAYASAKA
of out University and Prof. Dr. KoBAYASHI of the Tokyo University who sokindly made helpful suggestions in connection with the present study.

INTRODUCTION

In the present article, the writer has
attempted to give close attention to details concerning the assemblage of thefossil diatoms in the Kayama clay-shale.
The Kayama clay-shale is one faciesof what was calle:l by Prof. K. MocHIzuKI the Utatsuyama bed. Its geologicalage has not yet exactly been determined.
But it is a certain fact that the bed
belongs to the early Pleistocene or thelate Pliocene.
The exposure of this clay-shale is limited to a small cliff which is about 6 m
in height and 5 m in width. (See TextFig.) The sample used for my experiment had been selected from the central
portion of that cliff. Its colour is grayish
white. As the sample is comparatively
homogeneous, the method of its chemicaltreatment is simple as follows :First, some of the material is loosenedin one test-tube by some distilled water.
After that, concentric sulphuric acid twiceor thrice as much as the used material
is poured into it, and the test-tub~ isSome geo-ecological Problems of the
Utatsuyama Bed
The Utatsuyama bed is composed ofgravel, sand, mud and clay-shale. It lies
unconformably on the Onma bed of theOnma series which belongs to the Pliocene age. The area in the surroundingof Kanazawa City where the Utatsuyama
bed is now exposed, is compJ.rativelywide.

1) Read March, 24, 1951; received June 18, 1951
97

Wataru ICHIKAWA

98

0

2

3
4
5

------ ------~------o,,.

,, ...

~ J I l I,

j

I

•I'
,11•'

- - Rove!\

RoAD

5E ,____ __,.. NW' - - - - - - - - - - - - ---------------------------1
Text-Figure The Kayama cl:w-shale exposed by weathering.

Little is known, however, of the sediments and microfossils of the clay-shales
found in the Utatsuyama bed, and itis the chief aim of this study to elucidate these aspects.
The Onma bed is composed of sand,mud, tuff and shale etc. The geologicalrelation betwce:t the Utatsuyama andthe Onma bed has been pointed out by
a few geologists. According to theirdata, the latter is of marine origin inview of its fossil remains. The former,
however, remains unexplained.
The upper part of the Utatsttyama bed
is characterized by gravels. Rut it als:>
contains sand, mud and clay-shale here
and there. The fact means that the geological structure of the bed is complicated.
The mudstone of the Onma bed con-tains many fossil diatoms which werecarried by a sea-current, or deposited
with other livings near the coast. For
example, the Mitsukoji mudstone of theOnrna bed found at the eastern outskirtof Kanazawa City contains m:my marine
diatoms together with sponge spicules,
Radiolaria and Silicofiagellata.
Although the exposure of the Kayama
clay-shale is limited to a small area, it
contains many fossil diatoms deposited
with other Algae and Fishes. Most ofthem belong to the fresh-water forms.
The sediment, therefore, is of fresh-waterorigin.
The Kayama clay-shale is unconformably covered by sand, and this sandagain by gravel in the same way. Eachboundary of these layers is complicated.
Such clay-shale, mud and s:md have beenFos3il Di:ltoms found in the Kay:tm:I Chy-Sh1le on th2- Outskirts of Kanazawa City

found at a few places in the exposedpart of the Utatsuyama bed. The Kayama clay-shale is only one instance ofthem.
The most of the fossil diatoms which
the writer fotmd in the Kayama clayshale belong to the recent fresh-water
forms. From this fact, it is concluded
that the Kayama clay-shale was thesediment of a pond or a swamp or asmall lake in the past. From this reason,
it may be stated that some part of the
Utatsuyama bed is of the freshwater
deposit.

99

Fossil Diatoms in the Kayama
Clay-shale
A list of diatoms showing the relative
frequency of each species in the assemblage, provides a basis for determining
such ecological conditions during deposition as fresh water, lacustrine, brackish
estuary, shallow water marine, open sea,etc.
According to my microscopical examination, it is found that the sample collected from the Kayama clay-shale, contains the following sixty-five species ofdiatoms:-

TABLE I

List of Diatoms and their Habitats.
Specific Name
Aclmat~thes aueri KRAS.

Aclmal!ilzes brevipes AG.
Ach•zanthes /Iauckia11a GRUN.
var. densistriata HoR. et OKU.
Acht!Ottfhes lat:uo!ata (BREn.) GRUN.
AmPhora ova/is KTz.
Calo11eis silicula (EHR.) Cr..
Campy.'odi[CIIS cribrosus IV. SM.
Cccconeis placentula EHR.
var. klit~otaPhis GRIT.
Cocconcis p!acenlula Em~.
var. lit:e:~lus (EHR.) Cr..
Cocconema cisiula HEMPR.
Cocconem:J cymbijorme EHR.
Cosci11cdiscus eccenll icus Ell R.
Cymbella affinis KTZ.
Cymbella gracilliam HUST.
Cymbel/a pros/rata (BERK.) Cr..
Dmtiwla o!Jtusa KTz.
Epithemia argus W. SM
EPilhemia Ilytrdmanii W. £.J\f
Epithemia longicon;is EI!R.
EPitJ:emia musc11lus KTZ.
EPithemia sore.-c KTZ.
EPithemia turgida W. SM.
EPithemia zebra (EHR.) var.
porcellus (KTZ) GRUN.

HabitatFresh water
Marine and brackish water
Fresh water

D.C.R.

No. on
Plate

·Rare

1

,

3

II

II

/I

II

II

/1

Marine and brackish water
Fresh water

,

II

II

"

2

4
5
6

7
8

II

9

II

II

47

Fresh water
BrackishFresh water

II
II

10
11

II

12

/I

II

13

II

II

14
15

II

II

II

Common

16

If

II

17

II

18
19

II

BrackishFresh and brackish water
Fresh water
If

II
If

20

Rare
Common

21

22

102

Wataru icuiJ\A w A

Gomphomma acuminatum EHR.
Gomphoncma augur EIIR.
Gomphoncma gracile Elll~.
Gomphoncma /anceo!atum EHr~. var.
itiSignis (GREG.) Cr..
Hanlz:chia r.mphioxys (EHR.) GRUN. var.
xeroPhia GRUN.
Melosira granulala RALI'S.
Nitzsclria sigmoitlea (FHR.) W. SM.
Pimmlaria gmtilies (DoNJ<IN.) CL.
Pimmlaria virdis W. SM.
RhofcosPhe11ia curvata (Krz.) GRU~.
Rhopa/cdia gibba (EIIR.) 0. MiiLL.
Stauroneis phocnicenteron EIIR.
Syncdra rumPeus Krz. var.
fragilarioides GRUN.
Synedra u/11a EllR.

Oiigohalob.

28

II

29

II

31

II

32
32

"
"
II

38

II

41

II

46

"

52

O!igohalob und Euryhalin.
Indifferent und Euryh;tlin.
Oligohalob

Indifferent und Euryh:tlin.

Tribe 1. Coschzodisceae
Sub-tribe a. Jllclosirinac
Genus illelosira AG., 182·1.

k!elosira gramtlata (EIIR.) RALI'S.
Text-fig. 33. a, b.

japan Dial. Dept., Bot. Mag.
Tokyo, Vol. 57, No. 683 4, p. 366, Pl. I.
fig. e.

55

58

62

Orthosira oriclzalcea W. SM.
Tcxt.ftg. ·13, a. b.

Family DIATOMACEAE

Sub·family I. Discoidcae

54

61

"

Description of Species

Section A. Ccnlricae

65

SI\IITII (1856): Dt·il. Dial., Vol. /!, p 61, Pl.
l.III, fig. 337.

Valve punctate; line of junction withsomewhat distinct and subdistant denticulations. This species has arisen much
confusion in the synonymy, hence here
referred to the above-mentioned name.
According to l{Al.IE~HORST, it is identicalwith 1'./closira orichalcca (l\1ERTENS)KTZ.

OJ<UNO (19·U):

Valve long and narrow. Striae distinctly striate and pcmctate (a) ; Striae
somewhat spiral and punctate, one
extremity broadened in compari£on withthe other (b).
Found in the diatomite of Yatsuka(Okayama), Kanou and Kawabe (Nagano), Hirazawa (Miya!-,-ri), Nakaterao(Yamanashi), and in the mudstone of
Mitsuwa (Nagano).

Sub-tribe d. Ccscinodisci1tae
Genus Cosci11odiscus EuR., 1838.

Coscinodiscus ecccntricus EHR.
Text-fig. 11.
SMITH (1853):
III. fig. 38.

llril. Dial., ~-of. l, p. 23, Pl.

Valve circular, spots arranged inecc('ntric lines. Found in the clay of
Kahoku lagoon (Ishikawa).

Fossil Diatoms found in the Kayam3 Clay-Shale on th.: Outskirts of Kanazawa City

Genus SlePha11odiscus E11R., 1845.
SteP/zattodi~cus aegyptiacus EHR.

Text-fig. 59, <1, b, c.
EHRENBl,RG (1851):

Mikrogeot., T. XXXIV,

fig. 16, a.

Frustule undulate with spines on themargin. Valve circular covered withradiating rows of spots, but rows arc
distinct as striae near the margin.

Steplwnodiscus Bramaputrac EHR.
EHRE:-.B~:RG ( 185<1):

Mikrog<ol., T. XXXV A,

IX, fig. 9.

Valve plane or somewhat curved, rowsof spots delicately radiate from thecenter, many large spots found at interval near the marginal part.
Section B. PemtalaeSub-family V. Fragilarioideae
Tribe 10. Fragilalieae
Sub-tribe a. Fragilariinae
Genus Fragilm·ia LYNGB., 1819.

Fragilaria diop/zt!talma EuR.
Text-fig. 25.
EHRENBERG (1854):

Mikrogeol.. T. XII, fig.

2, a-h.

103

rostrate and middle part inflated. Striae
slightly radiate.
Found in the muddy substrata at
Genbu-do (Hyogo).

Genus Sy11edra EHR., 1830.
Sy11edra rumpens K-rz. var.
fragilarioides GRUN.
Text-fig. 61.

Dial. JaPan., I; Jour. Sd.
Hiroshima, Scr. ll, Div. 2, Vol ..J, p. 43,
fig. 9.

OKu=--o (1940):

Valve narrow, lanceolate, both extremities round, in the middle part, some·what broadened. Striae parallel, pseudoraphe linear.
Found in the diatomite of Hirazawa(Miyagi), and in the mudstone ofNakamura-lrizawa (Yamanashi).

Synedra ulna EHR.
Text-fig. 62, a, b.
SMJTII (1!153):
XI, fig. !:10.

Brit. Dial., Vol. I, p. 71, Pl.

Valve lanceolate-acutc, with parallel
margins and rostratt• extremities.
Found in the diatomite of Ooike(Nagano), and in the mudstone of
Mitsuwa (Nagano), Nakamura-Irizawa( Y amanashi ).
Sub-tribe b. Diatomi11ae

Valve linear, cuneate at the subacute
extremities.
It is identical with F.

Genus Odontidium KG., 1S.H.

cupucina DEsl\1,\z.

Odentidium mutabile W. SM.
Text-fig. 42.

Fragilaria iuflaia (HEIDEN.) Husr.
Text-fig. 26.

Diat. ]apa11., I, ]ottr. Sci.
Hiroshima, Scr. B, Div. 2, Vol ..J, p. ·I/),

0KUNO (19•W):

fig. 4.

Valve

lanceolate,

both

extremities

SMITH (1856): Brit. Dial., Vol. II, p. 17, Pl.
XXIV, fig. 290.

Valve oval, elliptical or linear-acuminate ; costae marginal distinct. E-xceedingly variable in size and outline ofvalve.
This species is identical with
Fragilaria mutabilis (W. SM.) GRUN.

104

Wataru lCIIIKAWA

Found in the diatomite of Kanou
and Kawabe (Nagana), Ureshino (Saga),
and in the mudstone of NakamuraIrizawa (Yamanashi), Mitsuwa (Nagano).
Sub-family VL Heteroideae
Tribe 12. Aclmantlteae
Sub-tribe a. Achttant!ti11ae
Genus Aclmantlzes BoRY, 1822.

Aclmantltes meeri KRAS.
Text-fig. I. a, b.
Diat. Patago11ic11s Utld Fcucrlands., Scr. A, IV. 14, p. 79, fig. 3.

KRASSKE (1949):

Valve lanceolate, with rostrate extremities, inflated in the middle part. Upper
valve with narrow lanceolatc pseudoraphe. Central part with horse shoeshaped hyaline space. Lower valve withnarrow axial area. Striae slightly radiate.

Achnmztlzes lanceolata (BREB.) GRuN.
Text-fig. 4.

0IWNO (1940): Dial. Japatl., 1, /our. Sci.
Hiroshima, Scr. B, Div. 2, Vol. 4, p. 53,
fig. 21.

Valve dliptic-Ianceolate, with broadrounded extremities. Upper valve withnarrow pseudoraphe, and on one side ahorse shoe-shaped hyaline space. Lower
valve with narrow axial area. Striae
slightly radiate.
Found in the muddy substrata at
Genbu-do (Hyogo).
Genus RlzoicosPlze~tia GRUN., 1860.

RhoicosPTtenia curvata (KTz.) GRUN.
Text-fig. 54.

MUROBUSE (1936): Dial. Aslli, Suisankenkyushi, Vol. 31, p. 3, Pl. I, fig. 14.

Front of valve elliptical, and it curves
toward epitica.
Genus Coccotteis EHR., 1835.

Aclmanthes brevipes AG.

Cocconeis p/acentula EHR. var.

Text-fig. 2, a, b.

klinoraphis GEIT.

SMITH (1856): D1it. Dial., Vol. Il, pp. 27-28,
1'1. XXXVII, fig. 301.

Text-fig. 8.

Valve linear-oval, with a slight central
constriction. Spotted striae parallel.

KOBAYASHI (1930): Dial. Desm. Ueno., Japan.

Aclmantlzcs llauckiana GRut-:. var.

Valve elliptical, striae delicately radi·a ted.
Found in the Paddy-fields at Ueno
City (Mie).

deusislriata HoR. et. 0Ku.
Text-fig. 3.

OKUNO (1910):

Dial. fapall., I. four. Sci.
Hiroshima, Scr. B, Div. 2, Vol. 4, p. 52,
fig. 20.

Valve elliptic-Janceolate, with slightly
rostrate extremities. Striae somewhat
radiate.
Found in the muddy substratum at
Genbu-do (Hyogo).

]our. Limn., Vol. 14, No. 4, p. 195, Pl. I,
fig. 8.

Cocconeis placenlula EuR. var.
lineatus (EHR.) Cr..
Text-fig. 9, a. b.

Dial. ]apau .. I. four. Sci.
Hiroshima, Ser. B, Div. 2, Vol. 4, p 55,

0KUNO(19,10):fig. 25.

Upper valve with narrow pseudoraphe.

Fossil Diatoms found in the Kayama Clay-Shale on the Outskirts of Kan;.1zawa City

105

Central area absent (a). Lower valve
with raphe (b). Striae very fine, irregu·
larily pointed.
Found in the diatomite of Tochibori(Nigata), Ureshino (Saga), Hiraz.1wa(Miyagi), Kanou and Ooike (Nagano),
and in the mudstone of NakamuraIrizawa (Yamanashi), Kawabe (Nagano).

cal with DiPfmzeis elliPtica after CLEAvE.
Found in the diatomite ot Hirazawa(Miyagi), Kawabe (Nagano), and in the
mudstone of Mitsuwa (Nagano) Nakaterao ( Yarnanashi ).

Sub-family VII. Naviculoideae

SKVORTZOV (1937): Nco. Dial. Wamu,-a., Coli.

Tribe 13. Naviculeae

Navicula Place11tula (EnR.) GRUN.
Text-fig. 36, 38.
Sci. Kyoto, Vol. XII, p. 146, Pl. VI, fig. 11.

(Pinnularia EHR., 1840; Caloneis CL.,
1891; Neidium PFITZ., 1871.)

Valve elliptical-lanceolate with subrostrate extremities. Striae radiate. Central area somewhat orbicular.
Found in the mudstone of Kahoku
Lagoon (Ishikawa).

Navicula cortanensis KRAs.

Navicula subrotundata HusT.

Sub-tribe a. Naviculinae
Genus Navict~la BoRY, 1822.

Text-fig. 34,
Diat. 1'rop. Moosrasen. BD.
42, II. 4, pp. 443, T. II, fig. 3.

KRASSKE (1949):

Text fig. 39.
KRASSI<E (19<19): Dial. Patagoniens ut:d Feuerlat:ds. Ser. A, IV. 14, p. 91, fig. 16, 17.

Valve linear lanceolate with threestrong lines on both sides from thecenter. Striae radial, but indistinct.

Valve elliptical, striae somewhat radiate. Raphe distinct.

Navicula didyma KTz.

Pitmularia cardit~alis EnR.

Text-fig. 35.

Text-fig. 44.

Brit. Dial., Vo!. /, Pl. XVII,SMITH (1853): Brit. Dial., Vol. 1, p. 55, pl.
XIX, fig. 166.

Valve elliptical, deeply constricted in
the center; striae interrupted, distinct.
This species is found very rarely in the
fresh-water deposits of Japan. The
structure of frustule somewhat differsfrom it of marine fonn.

Valve linear, extremities rounded;costae radiate, absent from the centerof valve.
Found in the diatomite of Kanou
and Coike (Nagano).

SMITH (1853):

fig. 15-1.

Pimmlaria Gastrum EHR.
Navicula ova/is W. SM.
Text-fig. 37.
(1853): Brit. Dial., Vol. /, p. 48, Pl.
XVIII, fig. 153.

SMITH

Valve elliptical, occasionally inflated;striae distinct. This species was named
N. e/liptira by Ku-rziNG and also identi·

Text-fig. 45.
EIIRENBF.RG(1854):

Mikrogeol., T. V, 1.

fig. 12.

Valve attenuate, curved at the extremities ; striae distinct.
Found in the diatomite of Hirazawa(Miyagi).

106

Wataru lCI!IKAWA

Pimurlaria ge11tilis (DoNKJN) Cr..

Pinnularia radiosa W. SM.

Text.fig. 46.

Text-fig. 51.

OKUNO (1940): Dial. Japan, I, ]our. Sci.
Hiroshima, Ser. EJ, Div. 2. Vol. 4, p. 62,
fig. 37.

SMITH (1853): Brit. Diat., Vol. I, p. 56, Pl.
XVIII, fig. 173.

Valve linear, with rounded extremities,
slightly inflated in the middle. Central
are widened. Striae somewhat divergent
in the middle, convergent at the extremities.
Found in the mudstone of Nakaterao(Yamanashi).

Pimmlan'a interrupta W. SM.
Text-fig. 48.
SMITH (1853): B1il. Dial, Vol. I, p. 59, Pl.
XIX, fig. 18·L

Valve linear, constricted at the rounded
extremities, costae absent from thecenter of the valve.

Pimzulm·ia microstauro1t (EHR.) CL.
Text-fig. 49.
(1937): Nco. Dial. Wamum.,Coil. Sci. Kvoto, Vol. Xll. p. 146, Pl. V,
fig. 6.

SKVORTZOV

Valve linear with subrostate-capitate
extremities Central area a broad stauros.
Found in the mudstone of Nakatcrao(Yamanaf>hi), and in the diatomite ofKanou (Nagano).

Pimtttlaria 110bi/is EHR.
Text-fig. 50.

Valve lanceolate, obtuse; costae radiate, contiguous.
Found in the mudstone of Mitsuwa(Nagano).

Pimmlaria viridis W. SM.
Text-fi.~. 52.

Valve elliptical, attenuated, costae
somewhat radiate, distant.
Found in the mudstone of Ooike (Nagano) and Nakamura·Irizawa (Yamanashi).

Caloneis silz'cula (HIIR.) CL.
Text-fig. 6.
SKVORTzov (1937): Neo. Dial. Wamura., Col/.
Sci. Kyoto. Vol. XII, p. 142, Pl. IV, fig. 12.

Valve linear-lanceolate, slightly capitate extremities. Center of the valve
shows rect<mgular dilated area.
Found in the diatomite of Kanou
and Kawabe (Nagano), Ureshino (Saga).

Neidittm bisulcatum (LAGERST.) C1..
var. niPP01tica SKv.
Text-fig. 66.

Neo. Dial. Wamzmz., Col/.
Sci. Kyolfl. Vol. XII, p. 143, Pl. IV, fig. 8.

SI<VORTZOV (1937):

Valve sublinear, attenuated towards
the round extremities.

Neo. Dzat. lVumura, Coil.
Sci. Kyoto, Vol. Xlf, p. HR. Pl. IV, fig. l.

SI<VORTZOV (1937):

Valve linear, somewhat gibbous in the
middle and at the broadly rounded extremities. Striae convergent at the ends.
Central area widened.
Found in the diatomite of Kanou(Nagano).

Starwoueis construeus Em~.
Text fig. 56.
EHRENBERG(1851).

Mikrogecol., T. V, II, fig.

23.

Valve small, cross-shape; four extremities round.

Fossil Diatoms found in the Kayama Clay-Shale on the Cutskirts of Kanazawa City

Stauroneis dilatata W. SM.
Text-fig. 57.
SMITH (1853): Brit. Dial, Vol. /, p. 60, Pl.
XIX, fig. 191.

Valve elliptical, extremities somewhat
produced ; stauros linear, not reaching
the margin.

107

SMITH (1853): Brit. Diot., Vol. [, p. 80. PI.
XVIII, fig. 237.

Valve slightly attenuated towards theupper extremities, which is rounded;much att-:-nuated towards the lower,
which is somewhat acute.
Found in the diatomite of Mitsuwa(Nagano).

Staumncis Phccniccnte1'o1t EHR.
Text-fig. 58.

GomPJzonema gracile EHR.

SMITH (1853): Brit. Dial., ·vol. /, p. 59, Pl.
XIX, fig. 185.

Text.fig. 31.

Valve lanceolate, with obtuse or some·what rostrate extremities.
Found in the diatomite of Hiraz:1wa(Miyagi). Ooike and Mitsuwa (Nagano),
and in the mudstone of Kawab~ (Naga·no), Nakaterao (Yamanashi), and in theclay of Kahoku lagoon (Ishikawa).
Sub-tribe b. GomPfzoneminae
Genus GomjJ/zonema Ac., 1824.

GomPizo11ema aczemi11atum EHR.
Text.fig. 28, a. b, c.
SMITH (1853): Brit. Dial, Vol. !, p. 79, Pl.
XXVIII. fig. 238.

Valve constricted somewhat triangularand apiculate above, attenuated below.
Found in the diatomite of Ooike(Nagano), ·and in the mudstone of
Nakaterao (Yamanashi).

SMITH (1853): Brit. Dial., Vol. I, p. 79, PI.
fig. 240.

xxvm.

Valve lanceolate, slightly cuneate, trun·cated. This species is identical with G.
diclwtomum KTz.
Fouwl in the diatomite of Kawab·~(Nagano).

Gomp/zonema lanccolatum EHR. var.
insignis (GREG.) Cr..
Text-fig. 32.

Neo. Dial. IVamura., Coif.
Sci. Kyoto, Vol. XII, p. 152, Pl. IV. fig. 2.

SKVORTZOV (1937):

Valve Ianceolate. Extremities slightly
constricted. Striae robust, on one side
the median stria with a stigma, otherside striae short.
.Found in the diatomite of Kanou(N:1gano).

Gomphonema augur EuR.
Text-fig. 29.

Sub-tribe c. Cymbe/linae

OK UNO (1942): Dial. japan, fl. ]o:tr. Sci.
Hiroshima, Ser. B. Div. 2, Vol. .J, p, 38,
fig. 34.

Genus Lymbella AG., 1830.

Valve clavate, one extremity narrowrounded, other somewhat bro:td with
apiculate apex. On one side the medianstriae with a stigma.

Cymbella aj}itzis Krz.

Gomp!wnema capitatum EuR.
Text-fig. 3',).

(Cocconema EHR., 1829)

Text-fig. 12.
SMITH (1853): Brit. Dial, Vol. /, p. 18, Pl.
XXX, fig. 2:.0.

Valve elliptical-lanceolate, extremities
slightly produced. Striae faint.

108

Wataru lCIIJKAWAoKANAZAWA·1q 5 t

N

~

~

~

*

~

~

~

*

m

'===-1-o-t=-bt-d-d- Jd-L_~-._d ±=I=~

KAYAMAIIUTATSUYAI'1A-GE.D

Fos>il Diatoms found in the K:.yama Clay-Shale on the Outskirts of Kanazawa City

Cymbella gracilliam HusT.

Sub-tribe e. Pleurosigminae

Text-fig. 13.

Genus Pleurosigma W. SM., 1853.

KRA'>SKS (191~):

Di:Jt. Trop. Moasrasen. BD.
42, ll. 4, p. 436, T. II, fig. 41.

Valve lanceolate, extremities graduallyattenuate. On one side the medianstriae with a stigma.

Cymbella pros/rata (BEnK.) Cr..

109

Pleurosigma rigidttm W. SM.
Text-fig. 53.
SMITH (1853): Brit. Dial., Vol. I, p. 64, Pl.
XX, fig. 198.

Valve linear· lanceolate; flexure slight;
extremities rounded ; median line central.

Text-fig. 14.

(1937): Neo. Dial. Saga., Coli.
Sci. Kyoto. Vol. Xll, p. 168, Pl. X, fig. 16.

SKVDRTZOV

Valve asymmetrical, subelliptical ·witharcuate dorsal and slightly arcuate at
ventral m:trgins or lunate with curvate
extremities.
Found in the muclstone of Nakamura·
Irizawa (Yamanashi).

Cocconema cymbijorme E11R.
Text-fig. 10.

SMITH (Vl53): Brit. Dia!., Vol. T. p. 76, Pl.
fi,{. 220.

xxm.

Valve narrow, concave margin scarcely
inflated. Striae somewhat radiate, ex·tremities gradually attenuate.
Found in the mudstone of Nakaterao(Yamanashi), Mitsuwa (Nagano).

Genus Amphora EHR., 1831.
AmPhora ovalis Krz.
Text-fig. 5.

S\UTII (18>3):
II. fig. 26.

Brit. Dial., Vol. /, p. 19, Pl.

Valv0 exceedingly convex. Internal
margin of valve inflated at the nod•.tle.
Striae spotted.
Found in the diatomite of Kanou(Nag,mo), Hirazaw<l (Miyagi), Ureshino(Saga), and in the lignite bed of Hanamaki (lwate).

S'lb-family Surirclloideae-Carinalae
Tribe 15. Surirelleae
Genus Surirella TunP., 1828.

Surirella Librile EuR.
Text-fig. 63.
EHRENfiERG (185·l):

Mikrogeol., T. XXV, VII,

fig. 23.

Valve elliptical acute, usually with acentral constriction, canaliculi delicate.
G:!ntts Campylodiscus EnR., 1840.

Campylodiscus cribrostts W. SM.
Text-fig. 7.

Valve nearly circular; surface withthe characteristic contortion. Cells irreg·
ularly circular, in radiating lines.
Found in the diatomite of Yatsuka(Okayama).
Tribe 16. Epithemieae
Genus Epithemia BR~B., 1844.

Epithemia argus W. SM.
Text-fig. 16.
SMITH ( 1853):
I, fig. 5.

Brit. Dial., Vol. l, p. 12, PI.

Valve slightly arched, extrerni ties grad·ually attenuate. Canaliculi indistinct.
Found in the diatomite of Ooike(Nagano).

Wataru lCIIIKAWA

110

Epithemia Hyndmauii W. Sl'lt.
Text-fig. 17.
SMITH (18:53):I, fig. L

Brit. Diat., Vol. I. p. 12, Pl.

Valve much and regularly arched. extremities rounded, not recurved. Canal ·culi inconspicuous.
Found in the diatomite of Y atsuka(Okayama), Hirazawa Ooike Kawabe
and Kanou (Nagano), Ureshino (Saga),
and in the mudstone of NakamuraIri;:awa (Yamanashi).

Epithemia lotzgicornis En R.
Text-fig. 18.
SMITH (1853): Brit. Dial., Vol. I, p. 13, Pl.
XXX, fig. 2'1·8.

Valve somewhat angular in the dorsal
ridge, extremities obtuse.

(Sag,t), Hirazawa (Miyagi), and in the
tuffaceo:1s mudstone of Nukatsukayama(Nagano), and in the mudstone of Nakamura-Irizawa ( Yamanashi).

EPithemia zebra (EnR.) KTZ. var,
PM-cellus (KTz.) GRuN.
Text-fig. 22.
OKU~o (1944):'Japatz. Dial. DeP., Bot. Mag.,
Vol. 58, No. 685, p. 11, fig. 4, d-e.

Valve slightly arched, extremities longattenuate. Canaliculi indistinct.

Genus Rhopalodia 0. Miiu.. , 1895.
Rhopalodia gibba (EHR.) 0. MiiLL.
Text-fig. 55.

Diaf. Ashi., Suisankenkyushi. Vol. 31, No.6, p. 8, Pl. Jil, fig. 4.

l'l'fURODUSE (1936):

Valve linear, inflated at center andextremities.

Ept"themia Musculus KTz.
Text-fig. 19.
SMI fH (185'3):

Brit. Diat .. Vol. I, p. 14. Pl.

I, fig. 10.

Ermotia praerupta EnH.

Valve regularly and strongly arcuate,
extremities acute. Canaliculi distinct.

Epithcmia sorex KTz.
Text-fig. 20.
SMITH (1853):

Tribe 17. Ezmotieae
Genus Ettttotia EHR., 1837.
Text-fig. 23.
EHRENBERG

Brit. Dial., Vol. I, p. 13, PI.

r, fig. 9.

Etmotia zebrina EHR.

Valve attenuate, slightly recurved at
the extremities, dorsal line highly arcuate. Canaliculi minute, indistinct.

Epitltemia turgida W. SM,
Text-fig. 21.
SMirH (1853):
r, fig. 2.

(1851): Mikrogeol., T. II, fig. 27.

Valve lunate, arcuate with recurved
extremities.
l'seudorodules
distinct.
Striae robuste.

Text-fig. 24.
EIIRF.NBERG(18:H):

Mikrogcol., T. lV, II,fig. 23.

Valve recurvcd at the obtuse extremities. Striaes large. This Sp:!Cies bears
some resemblance to genus Epithemia.

Hrit. Diat., Vol. /, p. 12, Pl.

Valve slightly arched, extremities suddenly attenuate, obtuse. Canaliculi distinct.
Found in the diatomite of Yatsuka(Okayama), Kanou (Nagano), Ureshino

Sub-family X. Nitzschioidcac
Tribe 18. Nitzsclziae
Genus Nitzschia HAs., 1845.

Nitzschia bi/obata W. SM.
Tcxt.fig. 40.

Fossil Di:ttoms found in the Kayam~ Clay-Shale on the Outskirts of Kanaz:nva City
SMITH (1853): Btil. Dial, Vol. I, p. 4?, Pl.
XIIT, fig. 112.

Frustule elliptical, with a central constrictions and round or truncate extremities

111

brance to Surit·ella robusta. Some ofthe other remaining diatoms containfragments of Coscinodiscus sp., Tryblionella sp. and Aclmanthes sp. bes'desthe sixty-five species above· mentioned.

Nitzschia Plana W. SM.
SUMMARY

Text-fig. 64.
SMITH (18:>3):

Brit. Dial., Vol. I, p. 42, Pl.

XV, fih. 114.

Valve elliptical, slightly constricted
towards the center and tapering toward
the somewhat truncate extremities.

Nitzschia sigmoidea (EnR.) W. SM.
Text-fig. 41.

Bdl. Diat, Vol. I, p. ~3, Pl.
XUI. fig. 104.

SMITH (1853):

Valve linear, suddenly tapering to·wards the acute extremities; keel witha single line of puncta.

The nineteen species of the fossil dia·
toms in the Kayama clay shale are foundin Japanese lakes and ponds. Fourteenof them are. in their ecological characters,
known as Oligohalob. Fifty one of thespecies are all known existing in freshwater. The Kayama clay-shale, there·
fore, belongs to fresh-water origin.
The Kayama clay-shale is one faciesof the Utatsuyama. bed. From this reason some part of the Utatsuyama bed
is of fresh-water origin, and it differsfrom its bed rock of the Onma series
which is of marine origin.

Genus Hantzschia GRUN., 1877.

(Denticula Kc., 184<1)Hantzschia amPhioxys (EHR.) GRUN.
var. xerophila GRUN.
Text-fig. 65.
SKVORTZOV ( 1936): Neo. Dial. Ampen., ReP.
Tyose11 Ceo/. Sur. No. 12, p. 34, Pl. IV,
fig. 9.

Valve linear-lanccolate with constrictedventral and convex dorsal margins. Extremity subrostrate.

Denticula obtusa KTz.
Text-fig. 15.
(1856): Brit. Diat., Vol. 11, p. 19, Pi.
XXXIV, fig. 292.

SMITH

Valve lanccolate, or linear, and attenuate towards the extremities, which
are obtuse; striae delicate and not foundcommonly.
Many fragments of frustules are foundin the Kayama clay-shale. Some ofthem seem to bear a remarkable resem·

References
ICHIKAWA, W. (195.l): The Correlation of the
Diatom-bearing Mudstones in the Nota
Peninsula and the Vicinity of Kananwa
City. ]our. Geol. Soc. japan. Vol. 56,
No. 653, pp. 49-56.
l"EBE, N. (1949): Tertiary Stratigraphy ofWestern Toyama and Ishik:twa Prefectures. Sci. Ear. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 2324

KOJ.RE, R. W. (1927): Zur Okologie, 1\forphologie und Systematik der Brackwas;er
diatomeen : Die Diatomeen des Speren·
berger Salzgebietes. Pfhnzenforschung,
Heft 7.
1\loCHIZUKI, K. (1930): Topography andgeological Structure of the northern
End at Kag.1·Min:> Mts. ]our. Gco!. Soc.
jap:m. Vol. 7. No. 445. p. 492.
O~OYAMA, T. (1933): The Tertiary in the
Neighbourhood of Kanaz:nva City, andlsurugi, Toyama (2 p:~rts), Pts. 1-2.
Chikyu, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 173 ·195;
No. 4, pp. 245-286.

114

Yudzuru 0GURA, Teiicbi KoBAYASHI and Shiro MAEDA

Three roots branch off from the baseof the trunk. This m•.1st have been alarge and tall tree over 25 m. high. The
third locality is a precipitous cliff adjacently to the east of Ichinose where
three erect stumps are imbedded in asimilar alternation, and this in turn isoverlain by alternating beds of conglomerate and sandstone, about 10 m.
thick.
Looking through these occurrences it isnoteworthy that the roots are mostly
horizontal and very slender, comparedwith the diameter of the trunk, because
the features suggest hygrophytic adaptation for the tree. How the trunks were
cut off at a certain height tr~nsversally
is a question left for future study.
The trutzk·bsaring horizon in the
Tetorz' Seri'es :-The Tetori series around
Hakusan can be divided into three parts.
In the upper Kuzuryu valley on thesouthwest side MAin>A (1950) found a
discordance between the paralic middle
division (ltoshiro stage) and the lower
division (Kuzuryu stage) yielding ammonites in its upper part. Because
Seymourites was found then.~ ( KoRA y ASH I,
1947) beside perisphincti and oppelids(YoKoKAMA, 1904), the Itoshiro stage
superjacent to the Kuzuryu is undoubt·
edly post-Calloveian. In the Makito
area to the southeast of Hakusan the
two are conformable and the lower division yields corbiculids at a place andammonites and other marine shells at
another (IWAYA, 1940, MAEDA, 19·19).
The middle division is disconformably
overlain by the upper division called
Akalwa sandstone (NAGAo in OisHI, 1933).
Because facies and thickness arechangeable, it is difficult to make any
exact correlation among the sequences
around Hakusan. In the Tetori tributaries to the west of Hakusan, however,the larger part of the lower divisionappears to lack. The sequence commences there with the Gomijima conglomerate which is a valley filling of
the Hida gneiss terrain. The plane of
discordance is very uneven. Its basal
part contains pebbles, cobbles and boulders mostly of gneiss and crystalline
limestone which were derived from thesubadjacent Hida gneiss group. Theirsize varies greatly and many of them
are angular or subangular.
This rude conglomerate, or breccia inpart, becomes better sorted upward
through fanglomeratic part till it me!"geswith the alternation of sandstone andshale. The Gomijima conglomerate is
130 rn. at the thickest but soon tails out
laterally. Seeing that the conglomerate
is very thin, if not absent, on the ridges
on the east and west sides of the Mekko
gorge, it is presumed that the p3.rt of
the gneiss terrain must have been aland at the time of the deposition of theGomijima conglomerate.
The leading member of the superjacent alternation is shale in its lower
part but sandstone in its upper. Conglomerates are wedged in the alternation
at some places.
In the vicinity of
Jchinose there is a fairly persistentlayer of conglomerate above the trunk·
bearing horizon. Therefore, for the sakeof convenience, the Shiramine alternation
with the conglomerate at its base isdistinguished from the Kuwashima alternation below it.
Plant leaves occur in the Shiramine
as well as in the Kuwashima alternation, although more abundantly in thelatter. The latter yields corbiculids,
Ostrea, Gervilleia, and other brackishshells, b:.tt not the former. These shells
occttr in form of fossil beds or banks invarious horizons in the Kuwashima andits equivalent formations, and in the
Makito area they arc found in the lower

Discovery or Erect Stumps of Xeno:tyloll /atijJorosum in the Jurassic Tetori Series

115

Map showing the localities

I.
2.
3.
4.

l'os t·Jurassic formations and igneousrocks, shaded
Jurassic Tetori Series, white
Bid:. gneiss Group, obliquely lined
Yoshino-tani (drift wood) 1'ilff.t~
Kimmeri-shin .*ii'tlfr ,011abara 't<:~!
First bridge above Onabara (boulder)$ - :J-:Ill

5. Kurhuma bridge (boulder) ~m:JdJi
6. Otawa-dani (boulder) *lll;flll:i7. Urodani (boulder) !!!i!lltf
8 . Kuwashima * ·frl
9. J(asekl·kabe (erect stump) .ft::O~

10. Shiramine I' I W:

11. Kochi-dani (drift wood) i'J~~
12. Ichinose 1!f / 7iJI
n Yudani (erect stump) 1J!Jl:l14, Cliff, cast of Ichinose (erected stull'(p)15. Yanagidani (boulder) jy'J~
1(). BettO·dani (boulder) }JI)~t).
17. Akadani (boulder) ).1\il:i18. Mcl<ko gorge !Hit i'i19. Kagidani (boulder?) 1.> '\'t~
20. Hakusan 13 tll
21. Bessan };!Jill
22. S'anno·mine :;; / ¥116

Yudzuru OGUHA, Teiichi KonAYASHI and Shiro 1\[AEDAor the Kuzuryu stage too. The verticald4stribution of plant leaves is wider, OC·
curring in many horizons below the
Akaiwa sandstone. Therefore OisHI's
opinion (19·10) that the shell bed always
lies above the plant bed except in
Ushimaru section in the Makito area,
can not be upheld.
It is noteworthy that Ostrea or any
other marine shell has never been foundin the upper Tetori tributaries above
Kuwashima, because it suggests that the
Kuwashima alternation to the southwestof Mekko land may have been a lagoon
or a lake. It is further noteworthy that
noa-marine shells new to the Tetori
fauna were found in Oarashidani · in aboulder which was obviously derived
from the upper part of the Ushimaru
alternation. Tri'gonioides together with
Viviparus occurs near the top of theKuwashima equivalent in the Makito
area, while the formations below it areparalic.
The abrupt change of such a faunal
aspect and the occurrence of erect
stumps, combined with occasional inter·calations of conglomerate, which are all
met with in the p:1ssage from the
Kuwashima to the Shiramine alternation,
reveal an emergence in their transitionaltime.
Trigonioides (KoBAYASHI and SuzuKI,
1936) is a peculiar limnic genus solitary
in the Trigoniidae, which is supposed tohave been introduced by endemic adaptation as a relict in the basin thus enclosed.
The stumps must be tl:e remnants of apa~t forest along the strand line of thebasin. The di5tribution of their localities
from Northwest to Southeast in accordance with the supposed land of 1\fekko
may therefore not be accidental.
The lchinose alternation merges up
into the Akaiwa sandstone which is bar·rcn of fossil. The absence of plantremains is probably due to the climaticchange. Round p:!bbles and cobbles
mostly of milky quartzite are occasionally scattered in the coarse quartzose
s:mdstone. Because the milky quartzite
appears to be exotic for this region, thematerial of the Akaiwa sandsto~e waspossibly supplied from any remote place.
The mode of sedimentation is suggestiveof a grand delta in a fairly arid inlandbasin for the Akaiwa sandstone. Because
no red rock as seen in the Inkstone or
Wakino Series is contained, the Akaiwa
may not be younger than Wealden or
the Toyonishi Series.

Silicified woods from the Tetori
Series :-During the survey a drift wood
was found in the Kuwashima alternation
at Yoshinotani adjacent to Kinamcri andanother drift in the Shiramine alterna·tion at Kochidani. In addition, silicified
woods were collected as boulders atseveral other localities. These specimens
were examined by OGURA in thin section. Internal structure was lost in the
Kochidani specimen. The Yoshinodani
specimen has a structure similar to
Pittus, but its bad preservation does not
admit any accurate observation.
Putting asxde these two indeterminable
drift woods, all others were determinedas Xenoxylou latiporosum. This species
of wood is characterized by the presenceof closely arrangt'd elliptical pits on the
tracheidal wall. large oval pits on the
cross field, thin-walled tylosis within the
tracheid, as well as the abs!'nce ofparenchyma (Figs. 1-3). Various plantleaves of the Filicales, Cycadales, Gink·
goales, Coniferales and others are foundin the same locality with the trunks, sothat may we expect one of these leaves
belongs to Xenoxy[olt. Xenoxylon lati'po1"osum must be a wood of a Coniferous
tree, and NATHoHST (1897) suggested thepossible connection of Xenoxylon (Arau-

Discovery of Er~>ct Stumps of Xmoxylon laliPorosum in the Jurassic Tetori Series

carioxylon) latiporosum with the shootof Elatites cteroi'fo!ia, whose affinity isalso uncertain.
In the Tetori flora Didyozamites isrepresented by 4 species, Nilssonia by 3,
Otozamites and Giukgoites each by 2,
Ctenis, Pseudocycas Ptc1·opJzyllum, Ptilophyllum, Sagenospteris, Ginkgodizmz andCzeckanowskia each by one (OISHI, 1940),
but the frequency of individual specimens disagrees with the order of these
specific number. Nilssonia and Git~kgodium are fairly common members, but
Podozamites is found more co:nmon inthese localities of the trunks, if C/adoPh·
lebis and OnycllioPsis are ignored. The
abundant occurrence of Podozamites inassociation with the silicified wood at
Kagidani has also noted by TANAKA.
Podozamite occurs in various formations from Triassic to Lower Cretaceous.
P. lanceo/atus has a wide distribution,
while P. reini is endemic to the Tetori
basin. Xenoxylon latiporosum is known
from Spitzbergen, England, Poland, Indochina (Central Annam), North China,
Manchuria (Shahotzu, Tapashan, Tayan)
and Korea (Heijo and Naktong) andJapan, all in the Jurassic formations
except the Naktong series which is
Wealden. (OGURA, 1950).
Therefore
KoBAYASHI calls attention on the meaning of the common association of socalled Podozamites and with XetJoJ.ylon
as a fascinating subject for future study.
0GURA noted in thin section that the
specimens from Kaseki-kabe (in situ),
Urodani of Togatani (boulder), at apoint 100m. below the Kurinuma bridge
between Fukase and Kamatani (boulder),Otawadani (boulder) ;md Akadani (boulder) were all brown coloured and thestructure is excellently well preserved.
Those from Yanagidani (boulder), Rctto
above a water fall (boulder) and Yudani(in situ) were black coloured and not

117

so well preserved. According to Prof.
SAKAMoTo the brown coloured ones arecarbonaceous, while the black roloure:lones are anthracitic. Therefore it issuggestive that the burying site wasaerobic for the former but anaerobic forthe latter. Is it to much guessing thatthe northwest side of the upper Tetori
tributaries where most of the former
type occur was paludal, while the otherside where the latter occurs, was thetopset of a delta or the lik'.! which wasmore open?
,
TANAKA noted ring structure in his
specimen, but interpreted them as the
products of sel:ondary coagulation of colloidal silica. The growth rings arc,
l:owcver, clearly shown in the illustrations of SHIMAKURA's specimen and further in the present ones before hand.
In the comprehensive work on the .Mes_.
ozoic floras in Japan OisHI (1940) notedthat the climate indicated by the Onychiopsis suite of tiaras from middle Jurassic
to early Cretaceous is subtropical. But
some difference in climate is easily ex·pectable between the inner and outersides of Japan in the span of the prolonged time, especially because the twosides were separated by a swelling axis
called Eo-Nippon cordilella (KoBAYASIII,
1941). Further a temporary inflow ofcold c .1rrent into the Tetori basin isindicated by Seymoun'tes (KoBAYASIII,
1917) which is a characteristic Callovian
genus of the Arcto-Boreal province. On
the outer side of japan, on the contrary,
there is a chain of reef limestones which
are mostly upper Jurassic but partly
lower Cretaceous. OcuRA noted that
there is no trace of growth rings in thesilicified woods of Araucarioxylon typefrom Fujinami in the Yuasa basin, Province of 1\ii. Therefore it is quite probable that the early Cretaceous Fujinami
forest has flourished under the tropical118

Yudzuru OGURA, Teiichi KoBAYASIII and Shiro 1\IAEDA

monsoon climate. KouAYASI!I (1942) has
already pointed out that the forest
composition of the Tetori flora suggests
the climate of the temperate zone, theconclusion being further endorsed by thegrowth rings.
Finally various opinions were expres·sed on the age of the Tetori flora, assummarized by KoBAYASHI (1938). Re·
cent researches in the Tctori series has
shown that the plant leaves occur invarious horizons below the Akaiwa
sandstone, but nevertheless the middle
division (Itoshiro stage) and especially
its lower part (Kuwashima alternation)is most prolific. Therefore it is quite
certain that the principal part of theTetori flora is late Jurassic, although its
range extends down to the middle
Jurassic.
· The oldest fossil plants known in Japan
are Leptaphloeum cfr. australe and
Gyclosligma sp. from the Famenian
Tobigamori formtion (TAcHIBANA, 1950).
Leaves or stems occur in later formations and becomes abundant from theUpper Triassic formatio:1s. Araucarioxylon is known to occur in the Liassic
Shizukawa series (SHIMAKURA, 1936).
Of the erect stumps ite situ, however,
the Tetori forest is the oldest in Japan.
Ack11owledgement :-In closing this report the authors wish to express their
thanks to Prof. TAKAo SAKAMoTo of ourinstitute for his sedirnenfological suggestion and to Prof. Wataru lcliiKAWA of
the Kanazawa University and Mr. Shin
KATo of the Ishikawa Prefecture Officefor the facilities in their field survey.

Selected References
HoUR!!:AU, E. U930), Contribution a !'etude
paleoxylologique de J'lndochinc. Bull.
du Serv. geol. de I' lndoclli11c, t•ol. 29,
fos.:. 1.

GEYI.ER, H. T. (1877), Ueber Possi!e I'fbnzen
aus der Juraformation Japans. Palacontogr. 24.

lWAYA, Y. (1940), On the Tetori Series in theVicinity of Makito in the Tributaries of
the Syokawa in the Province of Hida.
]our. Geol. Sec. ]opms, Vol. 47.

KonAYASHI, T. (1938). The Geologica:! Age ofthe Mesozoic Land Floras in Wrstern
Jap:m discussed from the Stratigrpahic
Sta,dpoint. ] apan. ]our. Geol. Geogr.
t'O/. 16.
- - (19-U), The Sakawa Orogenic Cycle andits Bearing on the Origin of the Jap:mese
Islands. ]our. Fac. Sci.. Imp. U11iv.

-

Tokyo, Sect. 2. t•ol, 5, Pl. 7.
(1942). On the Climatic Bearing of the
Mesozoic Floras in Eastern Asia. f apall.
four. Geol. Geogr. vol. 18.
( 1947), On the Occurrence of Seymourites

in Nippon and its Bearing on the Juras·
sic Palaeogeography. ]aj>a.'l. four. Ceo/.
Geogr. vol. 18.

and K. SUZUKI (1936), Non-Marine
Shells of the Naktong-Wakino· Series.
Japan. ]our. Geol. Gtogr. vo/. 13.

and - - (1937), Non-Marine Shells of
the Jurassic Tetori Series in Jap:m.
japan. four. Gcol. Gcogr. vol. 14.

MAEDA, S. (1949). On the Tetori SCries in theMaldto District in the Hida plateau.
four. Geol. Sec. fopan, ~·ol. 56.
- - ( 1930 ), Stratigraphic:ll Study on the Tctori

Series in the Upp~r Kuzuryu Tributaries.
four. Ceo/. Sec. ]opms, Vol. 56.

OGURA, Y. (1944), Notes on fossil' wocd3 fromJapan and 1\fanchoukuo. ]oPan. jour.
Bot. vol. 13.
- - (1950), Recomnund Xenoxylolllatiporoswn
as an index fcssil. ] our. f ap:m. Bot. voi.
25.
OISHI, S. (1933), On the Tctori Series "ithSpecial Refen·nce to its Fossil Zones.
four. Gee/. Soc. ]apats, vol. 40.

( 1940), The Mesozoic Flora of Japan.
jour. Foe. Sci. Ho!.:kaido Imp. U11iv. Scr.
4, ~·ol. 4, nos. 2·4.

REIN, j. ]. (1881, 86), Japan nach Reism undStudien. 2 Bde.
SHIMAKURA, M. (1934), Notes on Fossil

Discovery of Erect Stump3 of Xenoxyloa l<Itiporosum in the Juras3ic Tetori Series

119

Woods, Pt. 3. ]our. Geol. Soc. ]uPan.
vo!. 41.
( 1936), Studies on Fossil Woods from
Japm and Adjacent Lands, Contribution
1. Sci. ReP. Tohoku Imp. lfniv. 2 Ser.
vo'. 18, pt. 3.
TACIIIBANA, K. (1950). Devonian Plants first
discovered in Jap:m. Proc. ]ap.m Acad.
t•ol. 26.

TA:-IAK.\, M. (1926), A Fossilized Wood fromthe Tetori Series. Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo(japan), vol. 33.
YOKOYAMA, M. ( 1889), Jurassic Plants from
Kaga, Hida and Echiz~n. ]our. Coil.
Sci. Imp. lfniv. Tokyo, Vol. 3, Pl. I.
- - (lSOJ), Jurassic Ammonite.> from F-ehizen
and Nagato.. ]our. Col/. Sci. Imp. Univ.
Tokyo, vol. 19, art. 20.

Postscript:- Through the cxp:oration in
1951, a large collection inc:udinl
numberous Carpolithes was made at Kasekikabe::md other localities in this region and its study
is now in progress. Furthermore a flora comprising Sequoia, ( ? ). GinkglJ, dicoty\cdonou3
leaves, pinnules of Cladophlebis and several
others were fou:~d i:t shales in the top divisionof the Tetori series which is called here
Omichidani a'temation. It overies the Akaiwa
s1n;tone conformably. Tuff3 W('rc found in

the transition from the Akaiwa sandstone to
the Omichidani alternation and within thelatter. The Omichidani flora is most probably
yo:.mger th:m the Lower Cretaceo:Js Ryo3Cki
flJra. Therefore the Akaiwa sandstone must
be the product of the crustal disturbace inthe late Jur.1SSic and early Cretaceous p:!riods
which has already been debiled by KoBAYASIII(19-n).
Accordingly the Ito.>hiro divisionwhence the larger part of the Tetori flora wasprocured i> late Jurassic.

summ~r.

Explantion of Plate 9.
Figures 1-3. Xenoxylon latiporosmn (CRAMER)
Figure 1. Tangential section x 200 Loc. Kaseki-kabe (boulder)
Figure 2 Radial section
x 200 Loc. Kaseki-kabe (in situ)
Figure 3. Cross section
x 35 Loc. Horadani, (boulder)
Figure 1·. An erect stump at Yudani.

0GURA, KoBAYASHI, MAEDA & Others:

1

Xenoxy!o11 la/iporosttm

PLATE

2

3

9

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. JapJn N.S., No.4, pp. 121-129, pls. 10-11 Nov. 195!.

208. STRATIGRAPHICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICALSTUDIES OF THE LA.TER PALEOZOICCALCAREOUS ALGAE IN JAPAN I.
Several new species from the Sakamotozawa section, Hikoroichi-mur:~.
Kesen-gun, in the Kitakami Mountainous L:md.D~IUJI ENDQ2>

rt *flil:l':lli'l'l'. ft11b't~-(t1i~Iitft~!¥J.ltti~~~flgWf9f:~-ill r .li¥!!i~~ftlH$ t:tl;l{rlftf-Yi*
ifi!i1ltlff!lit.::-?~·-c.~: !!: F-*~(ll!f!flatnmt:ttfi;t.:ifi!t.::iil-r z. fmfl&iRm'rfl< ~1il*~ft1i~;~1"o"!Ht1i< JH.. ~IO>ft."Ciii}ko ~:1HHU !J""f$?i'**iltJ,bJ:fl~=~lt!~"ijt.::~-c lOI!{Pfl"'::Oflt~ ~flHIH~II\ L- k 0~ "'rp"iiflll.!: L- "C D:~syc!adace:~e 1.::}... :0 t cr; 3 ti. Codiaceae r.:A. Q t~ 2l'!l ~ ,?iH& L., 'tlf m& Hikorocodium ~ .f!~~ l-"t=o ztJ~ 4•. Mizzia l;t'M"t::: rJ1 $~ trltl· b,

m

•=§

=

AnthrccoPorella J:. Hikorocodium l;t'lii·t.::rl$=fHa!: r$11ElHt!»· b ~ ij..~~ ~ .tt.. Q o i!lUAillf.*

tiona! Department.

INTRODUCTioN AND AcKNoWr.EDGE:\IENTSFor many years ago it is known thatmany fine specimens of later P,tlaeozoic
Calcareous algae occur in association
with many fusulinids at the so-called
Sashizawa Stage, Sakamotozawa, Hikoroichi-mura, Kesen-gun, Iwate Pref. }2>
formerly also reported its occurrencein the japanese Jour. of Geol. Soc. Japan.
However, unfortunately as far as I know
now no body studied in detail, thesecalcareous algae up to date. Since,
lately I have a good chance to study
these specimens under the kind suggestion of Prof. Hisakatsu Y ABE, described some of them as follows.
I take this opportunity to express
my hearty thanks to Prof. ]. Harlan
JoHNsoN, Colorado School of Mines, for
his helpful suggestion~ and criticisms.
I express also my graditude for thefinancial help provided by the Educa-

ST!{ATIGI~APHY

The so-called Sashizawa Stage at the
Sakamotozawa valley consists o( thickgrey to black limestone with thin shales
at irregular intervals, and it forms very
steep cliffs. Its total thickness is about
200m. I studied thi.,; locality in detailand made two north and south sections
which are sepalated 800 m apart for
which I want to give the name of Sakamotozawa sections. Fifty fossil zones foreach section were observed.
The North Section.
The North Section begins at the northwest side of Yubanosawa mineral springin the middle part of Sakamotozawa andextends northwestwardly and ascends
to the top of a steep cliff. The beds
dip 25° to 30° to the northwest. Fifty
fossil zones are distributed as in table 1.
The South Section.
The South Section is located southwest of Yubanosawa mineral springand extends up the steep southeastern
slope of the 551 meter hill. In this section the strata of the so-c:11!ed S:t'>hizaw.l

1) Read April 5, 1951 ; received june 28, 1951
2) Contribution from the Laboratory of Earth
Science3, Liberal Art:>, Saitam:~ Univ. in
Urawa.
121

122

Riuji ENDO

Stage are well exposed, all dipping
monoclinally 25° to 30° to the northwest.

Fifty fossil zones occur as shown intable 2.

Table 1.

Table 2.

The north S:tkamotozawa section
No. 1. Limestone 1m. AnthracoPorella sptclabilis PIA. Hikorocodium elcgmJ!ae n. sp.
Clayslate 6m. Fault.
Clayslate and limestone 5.3 m.
No. 2. Limestone 3m. Teulroporella cfr. lriasina SCIIAUROTH.
Clayslate 2 m.
TeutroPorel/a cfr. lriasina SCIIAUROTH.
Clayslate 2 m.
No. 3. Limestone 2m. Mizzia velebilana SCHUBERT. Alternation of sandstone and clayslate 8 m.
No. 4. Limestone 5m. Mizzia velcbilana ScHUBERT.
Clayslate 15.4 m.
No. 5. Limestone 1 m. Mizzia vdcbitana SCfiU.
BERT.
Clayslate 5 m.
Dyke of hormblende Iamprophyre 1m.
Alternation of clayslate & limestone
16.5m.
No. 6. Limestone 1m. Mizzia velebilana Scnu.
BERT. Scllwagerina kraffli (SCHELLWIEN)
Alternation of chyslate and limestone
39.1m.
No. 7. Limestone 2m. Hikorocodium clegantae
n. sp. A1rchicodium magnum n. sp.
Altrrnation of clayslate and limestone
20m.
No. 8. Limestone 1.5 m. One species of
DasycL1.cadeae, indet.
Alternation of clayslate & limestone
10.1m.
No. 9. Limestone lm. EpimasloPora japonica
n. sp. Quasijt45ulina longissimn (LEE)
Clayslate 2m.
No. 10. Limestone 2m. Hikorocodium elegantae
n. sp. EPimastoPora japonica n. sp.
Clayslate and limestone 5 m.
No. 11. Limestone 3 m. Anchicodium mag1zum
n. sp. Macroporella sp.
Clayslate and limestone 13.5 m.
No. 12. Limestone 2m. Anchicodium magnum
n. sp.

The south Sakamotoz1wa section
No. 1. Limestone 2 m. Siphonodendron densitabulala (YADE & liAYASAKA).
Clayslate, limestone and sandstone
12.5 m. Fault.
Limestone 8 m.
No. 2. Limestone 2m.
1\fizzia ve/ebitana
SCIIURERT.
Atraclyliopsis (?) sp.
Alternation of clayslate and limestone
10.6 m.
No. 3. Limestone 1.7 m. Some algal remains.
Alternation of clayslate and limestone
23.5m.
No. 4. Limestone 2 m.
Jt.facroPorella sp.
Alternation of clayslate and limestone,
with sandstone in the l~wer part. 6.3 m.
No. 5. Limesto:1e 0.8 m. Gyroporella (? )/ongiPora n. sp. Mizzia velebilana ScHUBI<:RT.
Alternation of clayslate and limestone,
with sandstone in the lower p:trt. 32.4 m.
No. 6. Limestone 2m. A •;thracoPorella magtziPora n. sp. GytoPorella (? ) longipora
n. sp.
Limestone 15m.
No. 7. Limestone 1m. Anchicodium magnum
n. sp. Anthracoporella magtziPora n. sp.
GyroPorella (?) longiPora n. sp.
Limestone 6 m.
No. 8. Limestone 1m. Some algal remains.
Limestone 1.5 m.
No. 9. Limestone 1.5 m. Anclzicodium magnum
n. sp. EpimasloPora japonic:~ n. sp. Hikorocodimn ciegat1tae n. sp.
Limestone 4 m.
No. 10. Limestone 2m. EpjmasfoPora jaPonica
n. sp. Hikorocodium elegrmlae n. sp.
Limestone 2 m.
No. 11. Limestone 1m. Auchicodium magnum
n. sp. EPimastopora japonica n. sp. Hikorocodimn elegantae n. sp.
Limestone 4 m.
No. 12. Limestone 2 m. DiploPora Phanerospora PIA EPimGstopora japonica n. sp.
Anchicodimn mag1mm n. sp. lltl<orocodiumStratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Later Paleozoic C<llcareous Algae
Limestone 3m.
Clayslate and limestone 6 m.
NO. 13. Limestone 1m. Anch 'codium magmtm
n. sp. Epimcstopora japonica n. sp. Quasifusulitw longissima (LEE)
Clays! ate and limEstone 6 m.
No. 14. Limestone 2.4 m. Hikorocodium elegantae n. sp. EPimastapora japonica n. sp.
A11cl1icodium magnum n. sp. A11tlzracoPorclla
magniPora n. sp.
Limestone and clayslate 7 m.
Dyke of hormblende lamprophyn~ 1m.
Cl:lyslate 2m.
No. 15. Limestone 1m. Anchicodium mag11um
n. sp.
Clayslate, sandstone and lim£stonelOAm.
Dyke of augite dolerite

As will be seen from the above tables
inserted, the uppem1ost fossil zone (No.
1) in these two seci:ions contain noticeable fossils of the Lower Carboniferous
Onimaru Series namely, Siphotzodendmtz
muftitabu[atztm (YABE and liAYASAKA),
Authracoporella sjJectabilis PtA andlli/wrocodium elegmztae, n. sp. On thecontrary, the underlying fossil zones(from No. 2 to No. 6) yield Mizzia velebilana ScHUBERT which is the leading
fossil of the Middle and Upper Permianages. 1\'Ioreover, we can find a good
htraUgraphical fault evidences between
these No. 1 and No. 2 fossil zones in thefield. So, it is rather interesting matterto be able to find fault evidences inthese two sections from the both paleontological and stratigraphical sides.
Near the bottom of this section, name·ly from fossil 7..ones No. 7 to No. 15,!Jikorocodium eleganiae is al~ays foundassociated with EpimasiojJora japonica,

tlnthracoporella magnipom, Anchicodittm mogtlum and Osagia sp. It isnoticeable that these fossils are neverfound in the upper zones (No. 2 to No.
6) of this section.

123

elegantae n. sp.
Clayslate and limestone 2.5 m.
No. 13. Limestone 1.5 m. Anchicodium magtzum n. sp. EPi11UJSioPora japOJiiCll n. sp.
Limestone and clays late 2m.
No. 14. Limestone 1 m. Anchicodium magtzum
n. sp EPimaslojJora japOJzica n. sp.
Limestone 1.5 m.
No. 15. Limestone 1 m.
Anchicodittm magnum n. sp. Hikoro·
codium elcgantac n. sp.
AnthracoPorellamagnipora n. sp.
EpimastoPora japonica
n. sp. 11-facroPorc//a sp.
Dyke of au1~itc dolerite
Alternation of clayslate and sandstone
15.5m.

Sakamotozawa conglomerate.

Rokuro MoRll,AWA, lecturer in ourlaboratory, is now studying the paleontological evidences of Fusulinidae in thisSakamotozawa section. According to his
recent investigation, Sclzwagen'11a krajJti (ScHF.LLWIEN) and Quasifusult'na
longissima (LEE) arc found respectively
in the upper (No. 2 to No. 6) and lower(No.7 & No. 13) parts of this Sakamotozawa section. Thus the Sakarnotozawa
section may also be distinctly divisible
into two parts on the standpoint of
p:Ueontological studies of Fusulinids aswell as from the algal remains.
BRIEl' NoTE oF PALEONTOLOGY

The descriptions include 3 genera of
the family Dasycladacea group, namely
AnthracoPorella, Epimastoporella, andGyroporella; 2 genera of the family
Codiaceae group, such as Attchicodium,and !Jikorocoditmz of which the latter isa new genus. One genus of Cyanophyta
algae, Osagia is included in my collection.
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION

The symbols used for the measurements in the following description are124

Riuj! ENIJO

Subclass Chlorophyceae

listed in below, as followed the examblesof J. V. PIA and J. Harlan JoHNSON.

Order Siplumocladales

D-Outer diameter of calcareous body. dInner diameter of calcareous body. p-Di·
ameter of pores. w-Number of verticillatae
in a single member. h-Distance between
centers of vertillatae. st-Diameter of stem
cell. s-Thickness of calcareous wall.

Genus Anthracoporella PIA, 1929

Class Chlorophyta

Plate 10, Figures 5.

ltfeaSI4retnents

No. H
No. 32
No. 62

Family Dasycladaceae

Attthracoporella .Magnipora,new species

AtllilracoPorella MagniPora E:-:noD.
2.6050mm2.50084.689

d.
1.3025mm

0.72943.3855p.

w.

0.1042mm
0.15630.1824ca 45

s.

0.573lmm----

Descriptiom :-The present species
show characteristic features of genus
A1lthracoporelta in having remarkably
well bifulcated pores which are arranged
perpendicularly to both inner and outersurfaces of the calcareous wall, numerous pores in a whorl and some rounded
protuberances on the surface of thalli.
Comparisom :-The larger pores andthe presence of a smaller number ofpores in a whirl serve readily to distinguish this species from A. spectabilis.
Remarks :-Observed specimens are
i\fcasuremcllts

found in associated _with Hi~orocodittm
elegatztae, A1zclu"codium magnum, Epimastopora japonica, and Osagia sp.
Occurrence :-Lower Permian : In the
banded limestone in the lower part ofnorth and south Sakamotozawa sections.
CotyPes :-L.E.S., Saitama Univ., Slides
14, 32, 62, Specimen 1076'J.
Genus EPimasiopora PIA, 1922

Epimastopora ] aPonica, new species
Plate 11, Figures 1, 2.

EpimaloPora faPoliica ENDo

- - - - - --No. 81
No. 14D (?)
1.042mm.
l.H62

d (?)
0.5731 mm
0.5210DescriPtions :-This species is based on
numerous fragments.
However, thespecimens shown in Plate may represent
the thalli which arc long and somewhat
undulating crylinrlrical forms. The calcareous walls are perforated by numerous, rather large pores. The pores arecharacteristic in having rather peculiarp0.1563 rom

01563

I
----:

s
0.2605mm
0.2605features, namely, some of them given
off from the stem cell at rather narrower
pedicel like filament which expand into
the ball-like globule at its midway andnarrow again forwards exterior while
the others open to exterior with thestate of ball like expansion. Pores arenearly perpendicular to the exterior orStratigraphical and Paleontological Studies o£ the Later Paleozoic Calcareous Algae

slightly ascending. Ball-like expanded
portion of pores may represent the sporangia.
Comparison :-This species differs fromall the species of this genus formerly
described in having larger size of poresand thicker calcareous walls.
Remarks:-This alga is associated with
Anchicodium magnum, Atzthracoporclla
elegantae,
magnipora, Hikorocodium
Macroporella sp., Osagia sp. and Quasi·
fusulitta longissima (LEE).
Occu"ence :-Lower Permian:The
specimens are found at the several ho-

I No. 8. (Cross section)

I

D
4.8mm

Genus Gyroperella GuMBEL em.
BENECKE,

1876

Gyroporella (?) Longipora,new species.
Plate 10, Figures 6; Plate 11, Figures 6, 7.

' No. 34. (Cross section) , 8.8
1

d

p

g (w)

4.0 mm
7.0

0.2084 mm
0.20840.208 \

40

I No. 32. (Longitudinal,rizons ranging from No. 9 downwards
to No. 15 in the middle and lower partsof the Sakamotozawa section.
Cotypes :-L.E.S.. Saitama Univ. Slides
14, 81, Specimen 10763.

Gyroporc/la (_~]_~ongi~ora EN no~~-- ___:tfeasuremcuts

125

st0.9899 mm
1.8235js
0.2605 mm
0.26470.3647

fraf.:ment)

DescriptiotiS :-Thallus long, cylindricaland slightly undulating ; circular or ovalin cross-section. Pores may consist ofvery slender, longer pedicel like filamentswith ball-like expansions at its ends.
Pores may be nearly perpendicular to
the exterior or slightly ascending andopen to the exterior. Central stem
cylindrical and relatively narrow inproportion to the entire thallus. Sporangia may be developed in the ball-likeends of the branches. The developmentof the calcified portions arc relatively
thin and may cover only the outer partsof central stem and the terminal portionsof the branches but not the area between.
Remarks:-The relatively narrower
central stem and longer branches (pores)
serve to distinguish the present species
from any other described species of
Gyroporella. All described European
species of Gyroporella were reported

only from rocks of Triassic age whileone· species, G. symetrica JoHNS0:-1, wasfound in the Permian strata in the
United States. Thus, this species b~­
comcs the second recorded from Permianstrata. This species is associated with
Anthracoporella magmpora, A11c!zicodium
magnum, and Osagia sp.
Occurrence :-Middle and Lower Pennian: In the banded limestone of the
middle and upper parts of SJ.kamotozawa section.
Cotypes :-L. E. S., Saitama Univ., Slides 8, 32, 34, Specimen 10765.

FAMILY, ComACEAE

Genus Anchicodium J. H. JoHNSoN, 1946

Atzcllicodium Magttltm, new species
Plate 11, Figures 3-5.

126

Riuji ENDO

u_e_a~-~tremen7s~--~---

Anchicodi11m l'<fagllum E!'.'D<>___1

No. 20.
No. 18.
No. 2.

Dd

0.7815mm

0.3647mm
0.52101.56300.7291

Descriptions :-Thalli long, relatively
slender, cylindrical, and slightly undulating. One specimen (Pl. 11, Fig. 4,)
indicates the presenc-e of crusty basefrom which cylindrical thalli develop.
Center of thallus is poorly organized,
and it is composed of a spongelike massof very fine thread-like filaments. Toward outer margins of thalli, branches
tend to become parallel and cncl in
tufts of fine branches that usually arealmost perpendimlar to outer surface ofthallus. Outer part of thallus rather
slightly calcified. No spongia observed.
Diameter of thallus ranges from
0.4689 mm. to 2.1882 mm. Thallus to
1.5 em. long is observed. Diameter ofordinary pores arc from 0.0521 to
0.0782 mm., and that of fine terrnfnal
branches about 0.02 rnm.
Comparison :-This species differs fromall other described species of A1lc!zicodium in its longer thalli with broader
diameters of thalli and branches.
Remarks :-Observed specimens areassociated with Quasifusu/imz /ongissima(LEE), Hikorocodium elegantae andEpimastopora japonica.
Occurretzce :-Lower Permian: abundant in the middle and lower parts ofthe banded limestone beds of the
Sakamotozawa section.
Cotypes :-L.E.S., Saitama Univ., Slides
2, 18, 20, Specimen 10768.
Genus llikorocodium, nf'W genus.

Diag11osis :-Thalli cylindrical, rather
straight or undulating with roundeds0.1563mm
0.1563p

0.0521 mm
0.07820.0782end. It may branch or develop rounded
protuberances. Some are irregularly
constricted. Each thallus is composed ofa poorly organized, pith like, central
stem and branched, anastomosing, tubular pores in the peripheral part. The
central stems are seen in a width of
0.9899 to 2.2403 mm. in each cross section,and usually it consisred of one stem.
However, some specimen shows twocentral stems, as if the section shouldhave cut two bifurcating central stems
near in the point of division (Pl. 10, Fig.
3). The central stem may be composedof a sponge-like mass of very finerounded thread-like filaments.
Outerpart of thallus are well calcified, but
the thickness of calcification varies
from 0.2084 mm. to 0.6773 mm.
Theradiating and anastomosing tubularpores 0.2081 to 0.2605mm. wide, are given
off from the central stem at aboutright angles or slightly ascending towards one end of the thallus, which
may consequently be regarded as theapical end. Where the point of con·nection between the central stem andradiating pores is visible, no cross-walls
are to be observed, the cavities corresponding freely. The radiating pores
are usually undulating, and more orless distinctly dichotomously branched.
The pores usually run with the same
width from the central stem to near
the surface of thallus where they end
blingly with rounded terminations apparently nearer opening on the exterior
surfaces of the thallus.
Sometimes,
towevc r, cne n:ay find the peculiar

Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Later Paleozoic Calcareous Algaea :1d larger sizes of every organs.
Getzotype :-Hikorocodium E/egantae,
new specie~.

mode of branching, with a small numberof minute pores from the rounded endof a radiating pore and the latter minutepores appear to open to the exterior
surface. It is, however, most unlikelythat they really do so. Reproductive
organs not observed.
Comparison: -From the above description it can be seen that this new genus
is allied to Gymnoco1ittm, but differs inhaving more finely anastomosing, outwardly blinded pores, relatively thickcalcification of the outer part of thallus
Mtasurement----

Hikorocodium E/egmztae, new species
Plate 10, Figures 1-3.

As there is only one spepies in thisgenus at present the generic description
will surffice, with the addition of themeasurements given below.

Hikorocodiwn Elcgantae ENJJO
LengthNo. 41 mm.
No. 59.
No. 60.

3.2

d

D
6.5mm
2.34482.8653----

Remarks :-The present species isfound as..'lOciated with Anchicodittm
magnum, Ant1zracopo1·el/a magnipora,and Epimastopora jaPottica in the Permian strata, while it also collected with
A1tthracoporel/a sPectabilia PIA from theLower Carboniferous formation.
Occurrence :-Lower Carboniferous andLower Permian : Limestones in theuppermost and lower parts of the northand south SJ.kamotozawa sections.
Genotypes :-L. E. S., Saitama Univ.,
Slides No. 41, 59, 60, Specimen, 10769.

2.2403 mm
0.98991.250.1
--

-----

2.

13ARETTI, Dott. Amalia 1919- Contributo

allo studio delle Siphonee Verticillate delc:t!care di Villanova-Mondovi. Atti Soc.
Jta!i. Sci. Nal. Vol. 58, pp. 33, 7 Text-figs.
ENDO, Riuji 1924-Stratigraphical studiesof the Paleozoic formations of the South·
ern p:trt of the Kitakami mountainland.
Geol. Soc. Tokyo ]our., Vol.' 31, No. 230.
(Japanese-English summary) fapcm. four.
Ceo/. Geogr. Vol. No. 5.

ps
0.72940.6774- -0.2605 mm
0.20840.2084----------

3. Hr/>"G, Ove 19:!7-·Dimorphosiphon rec-

·1-.

5.

6.

SELECT!m BIBLIOGRAPHY

l.

127

7.

8.

9.

tangulare, Preliminary note on a newcodiace:1 from the Ordovician of Norway.
AI'"· t4lgi. Norske Viden. Akad. Oslo, I
Mathema.-Nal. Klas. No. 4, pp. 15. Pl.
3, 3 Figs.
]OIINSoN, j. H. 1933-A Permian algal
reef in South Park, Colorado. Am. Assoc.
Pe:role11m Geologists Bull_ 17: 863-865.
- - 1940-Lime-secreting algae and algal
limestones from the Pennsylvanian ofCentral Colorado.
Bull. Geol. Soc. Am.
Vol. 51, pp. 571-596. 10 Pis., 4 Fig3.
- - 1942-Permian lime-secreting algae
from the Guadalupe Mountains, New
Mexico. Ibid, Vol. 53, pp. 195-226, 7
Pis., 5 Figs.
- - and M. E. DORR, 1942-The Permi:ln
Algal Genus Mizzia. four. Paleo11l. Vol.
16, 1\'0. 1, pp. 63-. 7, 4 Pis., 1 Text-fig.
- - 1943-Geo\ogic importance of cal·carcous algae with annotated bibliography.
Quart. Colorado School of Mi11es. Vol. 38,
No. 1, pp. 102, 9 Pis.
1945-C:IIcarous algae of the Upper
Leadville limestone near Glenwood Spring,
Colorado. Bull. Ceo!. Soc. Am. Vol. 56,

128

Riuji RNDO

pp. 829-848, 5 Pis., 1 Fig.
10. - - 10 ~'5-C:llcarou3 algae as usefulmicrofossil3. four. Paleont. Vol. 19, No.
4, pp. 350-354, 2 Pis.
11. - - 1916-Late PaleozJic algae of North
America. Am. Mid. Naturalist, Vol. 36,
No. 2, p;J. 267-27,\, 2 Pis.
12. - - 1945-Mississippi:m algal limestones
form the vicinity of St. Louis. Missouri.
]our. Pale011t. Vol. 20, No.2, pp. 166-171,
1 Pl.
13. - - 1916-Lime-Secreting algae from thep_,nnsylvaniln and Permian of Kanns.
B:JI. Geol. Soc. Am. Vol. 57, piJ. 10871120, 10 Pis., 5 Figs.
14. - - 1931-Permian calcareous algae fromthe Ap:~che Mountains, Tex'ls. ]our.
Palconl., Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 21-30,5 Pis.
15. PIA, Jurius v., Narayama RAo, S. R. andSrip tda RAo, K. 1937-Ho/osporel/a cf.
H. Siamensis PIA from the Rajahmundry
lim:!stones. Rec. Geo/. Surv. Ind., 63, pp.
171-181, 1 Text-fig.
16. PIA, Julius v. 1912-Neue Studien tiber
die Triadishcen Siphoneae verticilht1e.
Beiir. PaltfJn/o/ogie Osterr.-Ungams. 11.
des Orients. B:mi 25, pp. 81, 25 pis., 24
Text-figs.
17. - - 1920-Di.! Sihoneae verticillatae vom
Karobon his zur Kreide. ZooT-Bot. Gesell.,Wien Abh., Band 11, Heft 2, pp. 263, 8
Pis. 27 Text-figs.
18. - - 192,1-Einige Dasycladaceen aus derObertrias der Molukken. ]mu·b. mijuweze11
Ned. /ndie, 25, verh. pp. 137-150, 1 Pl. 1
Text·fig.

19.

- - 1926-PJhnzen als Gesteinsbilder pp.

355.
- - 1930-Upper Triassic fossils fromthe Burmo-Shmese frontier.
A new
Dasycl:tcadea, Ilo!ospore//a siamensis nov.
Gen . sp , with a description of the allied
genus Aciculclla PIA. India Gcol. Surv.
Rec., Vol. 63, Par/ 1, pp. 177-181, 1 Pl.
1 Text-fig.
21. - - 1937-Die Wichtigsten Kalkalgen desYungpalaozoikums und ihre geologiscbe
Bedeutung: 2 Cm1g. av. eludes Stratig.
Carb011., 1935: Compte rcndu, (2): pp.
765-856, 2 Figs. (5 k. maps), 13 pls.
22. - - , S. R. Narayana RAo (M:ysore) und
K. Sripacla RAo (Mysore), 1937-Dasycladaceen aus Zwi5chenlagen des Dekkantrapp3 bei Rajahmundry in Si.idindien.
Sitzungs, Abt. 1, 146, B.md 5, u. 6 Heft,
pp. 227-236, 2 Pis.
23. STOLLEY, E. 1893 -Ueber silurische
Siphoneen. Neucs ]ahr. Mineral. Bd. 2,
pp. 135-146, 2 Pis.
2-t YARE, Hisakatsu. 1923-Palaeontology ofSouthern China. Pl. X!V.
25. - - 19-19-A new fossil Dasycladaceae
from the Lower Permian of China. Proc.
faPatl Academy, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 6163, 2 Text-figs.
26. - - Siro ToYAMA. 1949-New Dasy.
cladaceae from the Jurassic Torinosu
limestone of the Sakawa Basin I. Ibid,
Vol. 25, No. 5. pp. 160-164, 10 Figs.
27. 194'J-Ibid II, ibid Vol. 25, No. 7,
pp. 40-44, 2 Figs.
20

R. E:.:uo, /Jikorocodimn, Atllilracoporclla and Gyroporella

Pt. A' l l! 10

R. ENDO, EPimastopora, A1zchicodium and c,oroporella

P I-ATF. 11

Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Later Paleozoic Calcareous Algae

129

Explanation of Plates 10-11
The symbols used for the explanation of these plates are as follows.
H. no.= Fossil horizon number
N. =North section

S. =South section
S. no= Slide number

Plate 10.-Hikorocodium. AnthracoPorella and GyroPorella
Figs. 1-3. Hikoroccdium elegantae, new species ( x 9).
Figs. 1-2. Two longitudinal sections showing undulated outlines, rounded protuberances, andbranched, anastomosing, tubular pores which end blindly near the outer surface.
(S. nos. 59, 60).
Fig. 3.
A specimen of cross section showing a just dividing point of bifu!cating central stem,
coated with dark layers of some kind of sponge. (S. no. 41).
Lower Carboniferous and Lower Permian : Limestone in the lower parts of the northand south Sakamotozawa sections. (H. no. N. 1, 10, 14, S. 9, 13, 14 etc.).
Figs. 4-5. AntlzracoPorella magnipora, new species ( x 15).
Two imperfect specimens of cross section showing well bifurcated pores. (S. nos. 32
and 62).
Lower Permian: Limestone in the lower part of the Sakamotozawa section. (H. nos.
S. 6, 15, N. 14).
Fig. 6.
Gyroporella ( ? ) longipora, new species ( x 9).
Cross section showing central stem and character of pores. (S. no. 34).
Middle and Lower Permian : Limestone in the middle and lower parts of the
Sakamotozawa section. (H. no. S. 5 and 9).
Plate 11.-EPimastopora, Anchicodimn, and Gyroporella.

EpimastoPora jaPo11ica, new species. ( x 15).
Longitudinal sections showing character of wall and outlines of pores. (S. nos. 14
and 81).
Lower Permian : Limestone in the north and south Sakamotozawa sections. (H. nos.
N. 11. S. 15).
Figs. 3-5. Anclzicodium magnum, new species. ( x 15).
Longitudinal section, showing undulating outlines of walls, characters of thread likeFig. 3.
filaments and fine branches. (S. no. 20).
Fig. 4.
Specimen showing a crusty base and dichotomously bifurcating, cylindrical thalli. (Sno. 18).
Fig. 5.
Tangential sectson, showing branches and its tufts. (S. no. 2).
Lower Permian: Lime:;tone in the lower part of the north and south Sakamotozawa
sections (H. no. S. 7 (?) 11, N. 7).
Figs. 6-7. Gyroporella (?) longiPora, new species. ( x 9).
Fig. 6.
Cross sections showing central stem and characters of pores. (S. no. 8).
Fig. 7.
A longitudinal section of fragmental walls. (S. no. 32).
.!\fiddle and Lower Permim: Limestone in the middle and lower parts of the south
Sakamotozawa section. (H. no. S. 5 and 9).

Figs. 1-2.

Announcement- Bibliography of Japanese Palaeontology and Related Sciences

1941-1950
including papers published by Japanese authors as well as thoseby others which concern Japan and its surroundingsCompiled by
Ryuji Endo, D. Sc.
Professor of Geology and Palaeontology
Saitama University, Urawa, Japan·just published as a non·periodical publication of the Society.
Foreign subscribers free; foreign non-subscribers US $1.50
Domestic subscribers Yen 300; domestic non-subscribers Yen 400(1V1ailing charges inclusive in all cases)
Orders to be addressed to

the Palaeontological Society of Japan
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.

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Regulations for Publication in the Transactions and Proceedings of the
Palaeontological Society of Japan (24 June 1950)
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2.

3.
4.
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6.
7.
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Manuscripts should be submitted to the Editor after being read at the General Meeting or theOrdinary Meeting of the Palaeontological Society of Japan or of the Geological Society ofJapan.
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The Society shall be known as the Palaeontological Society of Japan. The Society is a sectionof the Geological Society of Japan.
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