, ,."~Mycotoxins Vol. 51(2), 2001

109

* I JtOj(*i£)(*$*$~Jt *i£)($liJf9'lN

I~~*J!t$~!PX(173-8602 JID?-:lI1'JX1I[R1Jl1~ 1-18-1)* 2 (~1) 71:J l- -'f ~ /'~j!ttbh~(230-0054 :M~$~~[R*~k~j 15)

1 7 /' }]E0)"f:l A 1:::' A )l -r::t T "J 'Y I: -:J P -C7 7 7 l- + ~ /' j:}]EtH.-:ff-f.Q Aspergillus jlavus 0)f/5~~*17L~: -:JP-CJlilJ1t~Jf~:a-rr -s i«, i\iDiiA~': :toP-C, ~J1t:tj~ C: id: -:d::j: 1:::' A )l -r::t T "J 'Y:to J:: tfj:}]E:J:m;bl~~!E:~ nf::j: 1:::' A )l -r::t T "J 'Y I: -:J P -C7 7 7 l- + ~ /' j:}]Em 0)7t;fp~*17L:a- JIilJ1t G i: C: :='5, 1Ti&~J1t-r:'777 r +~ /'~~'I1C:id:-:d::~J\~-r:"j:A. jlavus0)77 7 r +~ /,j:}]EmO).J;~.?¥;blJ'E1J<, ~~'I1~J\~-r:'~j:A. jlavusO)~l:I:t.;bl~ ~ ,:J:~fr-r:' t j:}]EmO)Jt.?¥;blf1f:l,p -::> ic . m~O)pg*&: C: t=~:7t't-cm7tl!l:a-rr-::> f:: ;bl , 11~H·0)~J1t~1~:J::IJ~id:-::>-C:toIJ, -!E:O)ftIlrP11j:,ij,Gnid:;b'-::>f::. 17/' OOpgO) 1:::' A )l -r::t j:}]E:J:-t!!.~,: J:: IJ, 77 7 r + ~ /' j:}]EmO)7t;fp;bl~id: -::> -C P f::.
:\=--'7-1": l:::'A)l-r::tT'j'Y, 777 r+~/', Aspergillusflaous(Received, Aplil30, 2001)

In G .f'F~O) 7d: n'-c";t, l::::0 A ~ T:;t T

t 7d: t; Iv <:77'7 r 4'- s- /'flj~n~~;g~ t; n Gm~~j{<: it> t), f~I>f '7 /',;m0) l::::0 A ~ T:;t T ' j ''J I:-:JPl l;t 1996if£HI~, f;t£m1:¥*~ 15~I: t t -j <~1!tIff1%O):xr~ t 7d: t), ~A~1!tn~~ft~ tL l t \ G.
-ilJ~I:.f'F~O) j} ~'.flj~I:-:Jt\l l;t, 1:,;m~O)~fl*~f4:, ~flf&O)~~~IWd~o)I~n', flj~O)~1iSl tid: G tJ J:::'$O)1=:at'l1: ~*JT G m!MO)7t::fIJ~jaH.1d: E ~\ <-::>1,1'0)~1iSl n~~f*T G;6~, 1:::' A ~ T:;t T 'j ''J I: -::> t \l O)mp~,Q I: toIt G ~~'~¥RI;t3'iS5t<:';t 7d: t \.
~ t::., ~:rn1:, l::::' A ~ T:;t T ' j ''J ~O)m~~<: l;t77 '7 r 4'- s- /' flj~*.iln~mift Gl t \ G PJij~'11:
fltn~~H:~A ~n~*~' j ''J l;t~:rn1:<, W140)m~*.il0)77'7 r4'-~/'flj~:I:, flj~,*~j}~'~O)~1:~*¥H.O)~[]fpJn~rr:l~mt7d:

G. Gt::.nL~ l, ft~~i\~O):xr~t -t G 5tfJT~i\flO)~~~I3"~ t::. -lj- /' 7° 1) /' :7"¥*~ pn>I:~JET
G n> l;twt Gt \~m-C' it> G.
*~~liJfJ'i:I: toPl l;t, 1Ti&~1!t0):xr~ t~ nt::.1=: l::::0 A ~ T:;t T 'j ''J 1:-::> ~, ft~~~FfH:IDl3~ ~ nt::.~i\fll: to It G 77'7 r 4'- s- /' 1=:,;mmO)~ffi~MH., 7tfJTffl I:f"}li~~~ ~ nG rruO)fllil4 0) l::::0
A ~ T:;t *.il I: toIt G Aspergillus flaous O)~~~~, to J: If.:r =. I: ~ ~ tL G7 7 '7 l- 4'- ~ /' 1=:,;mOO 0)
J:~* ~ ~[] G i: ~ I: ~,~ ~ 1T ~ t::. .

110Mycotoxins

it::., 1"7 /~rgl::t.5lt.Qf~~B91d: eO A ~ T;;f~ggttHJ: t) A-f- Gt::.~fj~~~itfl~xf~I:: 7 7'7 r =t-~ /~ggMO)5t1lJ0)ttH~&I::-:Jp-r t~M ~fi '5 ;: ~ I::J: t), 77"7 r =t-:/ /¥1j~0)~~O)~~ ~WHJT-t G ;: ~ ~ § B9 ~ G t::..

Mlif

.

xf~ ~ G t::.1 "7 / ggO)~ e' A?l T;;fT "J 'Y l;t1995if-!:~A~1!tl::mp t:dlt::. 9 0 ''J " ;15 #.(0) I;J:ip, ~~O)fTi&~1!t,: t.5 P -r7 7"7 "=t-:/ / ~~tt t td: -:d.: 1 0 ''J " ; 8 #.(, ~~'/1:"(:' tb -::> i:
1 o''J'' ; 8#.(t.5J:tf, ~AjijjU1.l~~~ml::A-f-L,f.:1"7/00rg!:toP-reoA?lT;;f1:.~ttH1.I~WJi::~ tt -rPG~fl8 '@"(:'tbG.
M-j}.~{t~5ttJTm I:flli!f ~ ttt.:~fllj:wm:tgjft!!:J: -::> -r~fl1 g tb t.: t) 0) colony forming<

unit (CFU) ~ >1<66 t.:. -t Id: t> t> flli!f~itfl~ 200 g ~ J: ¥IVlill G t: 0) t>, 10 g ~ ff:li L- A ,,-;;' ''J j] - ffl;f- I) ~I::Att, wm~O.1 % «7"" /*90 ml ~1JO.:t -r, 1 5tra'A ,,-;;' '/ j] -9l);~ L-td~, lOf-g:~r~
wm~~~~, 1O-2 w m , 1O-3mm~0)0.5 mlf-:J~-tn.z-·n 2 f)(O)tb G 1.1' t.::66~{t Gt.:Sf*&:tgttHI:~t* L--r30°C,

5 8 rm:tgjf L- t.:. *,1~:k~itftlj:rg*&: (shell), 1= (kernel) I:5tlt-r, @:~:tgjft!I::J:t)~Jl!lli:O)~~?¥~>1<.66t::.. ~1!t~~~0.5%;x~JJii$MT" I) 7ld:J:t) 15tra'~jijRML-t.:0)t>,~Mm~*"(:,5@~~G-r1.l'G1f)(O)Sf*&~~~~t)5Hf-:J~~L-,~WG~rg*&:,1=.z­n.z-·n25Hf-:J~~1!tx;f~~ G,

30°C, 3 - 5 B ra,:tgjf Gt.:.
5t.ffl~ttHI::lj:dichloran-rosebengal-chloramphenicol(DRBC)tgti!! (Oxoid, UK) ~ fflp, tl:H~j]~'~ Ij:~f*D1J&~r"(:'M~. ac~ G i: 0) t>,

potato-dextrose agar (*~Jf) O)~ljij:tgttH I::f-lM G t.:.

:5Hlre G t.:A. flauus Ij: 2 % yeast extract-15% sucrose broth(YES):tgtl!H:~fj G, ~ljijO)~:k~"(:',
30°C, 7 B ra,tg., G ft'&EE~Mi~, tg"'5¥~~f~-r, ~JIli 7° -;;' r 7""77 -1 - (TLC) O)~it~i~¥~ t

Gt.:.
5t.M~O) 77"7

r =t-:/ / ~ggOOl;t, :tg., '5 Yf~ ~i~t!lfEbili-t G ;: ~ Id: <@:~TLC 7° i- - r I:1!

1I1-t G j]t! ~ m ~ ) t.:. TId::b t> '5 ~O) 10 f1 I ~ precoated plate silicagel 60 (Merk, Art. 1.05721) I::~~77"7 r =t-:/ / B & G ¥~¥~ (Sigma A-9441) ~ ~I:~1I1 G, ~lmi~t!lchloroform,acetone-hexane. (85:15:20) "(:'Jmlmi~, ~ji.~tTf"(:'Wl~ G-r7 7"7 r ;f:/ / 1:.gg'/1: ~Ji::'/1:B9!::~* G iz .
Id: t.5, fTi&~1!tl: t.5 It G e A ?l T;;f T ''J 'Y0) 77"7 r =t-:/ / O)5ttJTJi:::lil;tT '/ 'Y~0)0Ji::¥:t0)

WHt 128%1: J: -::> -r~1Jf! G t::. ll .

to It G 77"7 r =t-:/ / ~JiO)~ili~:k¥JLt, .z-nl:xfEtTGf)H!f&\flO)A. flavusO)~ili"(CFU/g)to J:tf7 7"7 r =t-:/ /1:.ltMO)
ilim~:k¥JL~ Table Ii: ~ t) i ~ 66 iz . tj;t.5, ~itn C, D, H, to J: tf I I:m- G t.:=1=% l;tlPJ- 0 ''J r
1.1' G ~~O)~itft~f~t.: t O)"(:·tb G. ~I::,8. G nG J: oj I:, ft~~1!t"(:,7 7"7 " =t-:/ / 1.I'~'/1: ~ td:
G~itft1.l' G l;tA. flauus ii» 104 - 105 CFU/g:O) v .r()l-I:~ G t.:1.I~, ~it*'l-I-2!:.ij, GnG J: '5 td:, ~\f G t
1995if-I:~A~1!tO)x;f~ ~ td: -::> t.: 1 "7 / It eO A ?l T;;f T ''J 'Y 15#.(1:m~ G td:Pf7~ t

tb -::> ic .
r =t-:/ / /F~iliO)~itn~ff66-rT«-rO)~it*'l-1.I' G 5Hil ~ ~I:,8. t; n~ t<, ill!Ik 0)&\*'1-1.1' G 0) 5t~rem~O) 77"7 "=t-:/ / 1:.ltMO)J~~1.I~ft'& <, ~~it,~fif1*~ 101 fif1*rr
80M1*(79.2%) t td: t), 7'7"7 "=t-:/ / B 1, B 2, tb G PI;t B 1 O)1:.lt'/1: ~m- G t.:.
A. flavus l;t 77"7

n,

;:"

Vol. 51(2), 2001

111

Table 1. Occurrence of aflatoxin and aflatoxin-producing fungi from imported Iranian pistachio nuts
SampleAflatoxins (ppb)

A

8
Cr l
C-2
C-3
0-1
0-2

B1
NO*
NO

82

512.0

20.0

A. flavus(CFU/g)

A f la loxi n- pro ducer
Positive/ExaminedNONO

4.0x102

1/ 5

2.0x1022.0x105

2/ 3
10/ 10
10 /

3.4

tr* *

NO
NO

NO
NO

1.6x1Q4
4.8x1Q3
1.0x10261.0

4.0

9.8x104

NO
NO
NO

NO
NO
NO

1.0x103
4.Dx1D2
1.0x102

5/ 5
1/ 3

10.2

tr

H-2

NO

NO

1.4x10s
8.5x102

8/ 9
4/ 7

H-3

2.6

2.6

8.5x102

3/ 6

E

F
G
H-1

10

9/10
1/ 1
9/10
7/ 8

1-1
NO
NO
1.0x1031-2
230.0·
230.0
5.0x102*ND: not detee ted; * *t r: t rae e, detection limit 1.0 ppb

6/ 9
4/ 5

,,"A -1 7 /' J!E ~o A ?7 7-;t T ''J 'Y ip G (7))j-.Ii~I:.to It G 777 r 4'- y /' ~J!E1i0) r'i!b$7'j:fti8H:--:JP-C(;l:, -t-rI:E8$G2), ;Rii-J1IG3) 1:J::"?-C~IH5~n-CPGe:;:6-rit>G.
1t~)j-fJTm I::~~ L i: ~o A ?7 7-;t T ''J 'y Ij: 1O;J ''J Y ::L 0)-If-1 :;('(: 7'j: G J:: '7 I:Wli~ ~ n G iI~, ofO)~, ~PIAJ*JXO)-$iI~¥~A-tG;:C:lj:~U-a:~7'j:p.
Lib>L, 777 r4'-y/,)j-fJTij:~1t$(7) U ~ ~ (f=) ib~:X'1'~ e: 7'j:"? -C P G(7) -C' 77 7 r 4'- Y /' ~J!E1iiI~ PTn(7)$)j-I: ~ P iI> -a:ffl G t::.
~I:, ~fj~*,:1(7)IAJ*JX e: f=e: 1:7tlt-C , i1[~:f:jj~¥!-rIi)j-.-a:rr"? L A.jlavusO)~~$-a:*~t::..
~,~:xt*- C: L t::.-1 7 /' ~ l! A ?7 7-;t T ''J 'y lj:rri&fti1!t-r 77 7 r 4=- s,.</ ~~'M: e: 7'j:"? t::. t1 ''J r C: ,~~'M: C: 7'j: "? i: t1 ''J r -c'it> G.
Table 2:& 'lfTable 3 I: Ij: ofnof'nO) t1 ''J r (7):f:jj~*6* e: )j-.m~O) 77 7 r 4'- Y /' ~~fm -a:~ Lt::..
1t~fti1!t-rlj:7HJT~i\fl62

J::!j, B 162.2 ppb, B27.2 ppb -a:ftitH L l , ;: (7) t1 ''J r 1j:/F1!i-lBe: 7'j:"?

Table 2. Distribution of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin-producing fungi on aflatoxin positive
lot of imported Iranian pistachio nuts
SamplePercentage 01 infection

A. flavus
CFU 195.0x102

Aflatox in- pr oducer

7.0x1Q2

4 / 10 (8 1,B 2)
5 / 9 (8 108 2)
5 / 10 (8 108 2)
3 / 3 (8 108 2)

She II
40 %Kernel

28
36
24

24
40
48

65

8
52

4
44

66
67

36
12

48

3.2x1Q328

6.0x1Q2

60
61
62
63
64

*

36 %

1. 8x103
1. 5x103
7.. Ox 102
7.Dx1Q2* aflatoxin B1 , 62. 2 PPb, B2 7.2 ppb detected

PosifivelExamined
5/10 (8 1082)

8/10 (8 108 2)
8/10 (81,82)
6 / 8 (8 1,8 2 )112

Mycotoxins
Table 3. Distribution of Aspergillus flauus and aflatoxin-producing fungi on aflatoxin negative
lot of imported Iranian pistachio nuts

SamplePercentage of infection
She II
Kerne IA. ffavus

CFU /gAflatoxin-producer
Positive/Examined

68

64 %

100 %

2.0x10 1

3 /10 (B1' B1)

69
70

92

72

4.0x10 2

6 / 10 (B1' B2)

76
72
76
72
60
64

100
76
72
72
92
60

5. Oxl 01
3.0x10 2
4.0x10 2
5. Oxl 02
2. Oxl 01
3.0xl0 2

2 / 10 (B ,)

71

72
73

74
75

o / 103 / 10 (B1'B 1)
6 / 10 (B)
4 / 10 (B1'B 2)
4 / 10 (B,.c..i!2_)_"C P ~~'. 8 g0)5tfJT~it*,,"-C"irJg*&:. 1=0) A. flavuso)J~~!¥': li:;k ~ 7J:~~ljjd: h'-:J ic , ;fff~j:ff
1ft:,t ~~tf:H~JI:~li103/g i- «)J..,0)~it~7.I~ 3 g.ij. G n. f: 0) 7 i':> 0) 1 B,7.I' G '77'7 l- "f s- /' B I,
B 2 ~~te G ll, \ ~ 7.1', ~ ~ 0) Table 1 I:.ij. G tLt:::. J: 7 7J:ffi1 i- «J!---O)MJI: :;t-~T t 0) IJ.7J: 7.1> -:J t::..

?HIOO**0)'77'7 r "f~ /'~~f;i~1d:70M**9='44M**(62.9%) C:fo3:J~Bt-C'j;-:Jt.:.
-11, Table 31:~ G t.: '77'7 r ~ ~ /' ~'11 P oj r l"1J., I*J*SZ, 1=1:.tott G A. jlavusO)If!ld1iJE¥fi
Ltfo3:J7.I'-:J t: 7.1'. ;fff~;t~1f~l"Id: 102/gO) v «)l-I: C: E ~ ~ . j:~*~O)J£t \1: J: ~ Mfrffi7.lt~7J: G .= C:~~ Gt.:. 5tlliMf* 0) '7 7'7 l- "f ~ /,j:~f;ig1J.80ii**1fI28ii**(35%)C: ~~fff;~Jjtl"j; -:J i: .
.= ttG 0)f:~~~[r\fl7.l'G IJ. '77'7 r "f ~/ /' GM~j:~i"G ii1*IJ.)tI1l~ tLt;c 7.I'-:J t.:.
J~t.t.O)~~*6*h' G. Jf;j*SZ. 1=0)A. fiavuso)~~~I:IJ.~ltffiltJ:~JHi.ij.Gn-r, 7HJTflrH:'3~:;t-:to,t I:fT1lJfi!3'I1IJ.fff;t \.= C 7.1'~~ ~ ttt.:. f#~it!.., t::.j: \:::0:;l. 5 T -T T oj "J 7.1' G A. flauus ~!rI-O) ii~
C: Vl", A. niger~~~!¥I:.ij.Gn, ~'l1p'J rl"IJ.I*J*&:. f=c:tl:36-63%0)~~¥fi"'(', ~~ttp
oJ r --C'Li 100% O)~~~--C'. f: O)ft!!t:. IJ.Penicillium~7.I'.ij. G nt.:~'. iJ l:::.~~~ t t: GT,t 7 7J:
fo3:J It 7J: ~~aitfHi fJ: 7J' -:J t: .
j:im;till~7.I;;~~JE ~ tLt.:aitfll::to it Gl£j)t;ffi"lHf'7 7'7 r ~ ~ /' 1:.~1I ~ rJg*&:. f=l: -:J Pl~~ G tdii1i* ~ Table 4 t:~ L-iz:

pf;ft t 1 '7 /' q:.$O)¥-lij>~fiMr;i:~~~1ii§ V-C l:::' x 5e' T::t ~~JGt~ G l P ~ f-t~BjE€j:i!3O)~itfl~ ib ~. Kerman, RafsanjanO)~itfll"'i '77'7 r .:t- ~ /' ~~1I0)~~$~'f./f;7.I'-:J t.:O) I:,tt G, Yazd,

Ardakan , AnarO)~n-C'ti'7 7'7 r ~~ /'1:.~iiO)~~¥fi;l),~pftJtrPJ~t.ij. GtL, !illjgX~iI' 7 7.I';I)';b
;ftt.: 7.1', ;: O)gl: -:J P L" lif~~itfu:\n~~'y 7d: PO) l", ~ G I:~itfl-~ :;t-~~ V-rO)~M;I);;16\~-C' j;

G.

¥± El T"'" ~ gli. Yazd~O)~itfl,t ~ '77'7 r ;f s- / B I. G l~~ii1*~ 51111 G t.:;: ~ l". '=;fL
G 0)1I1*Iit~*J::0)'11~*7.I' G A. parasiticus 1:f§~T ~ 001*-c' j; -:J tz . '=;ft ~ -c'O)MJ-. e:J,. (J T-T T
OJ 'y 0) '77'7 r .:t- s- /'~~f7tJo)~~I: IJ., B], B 20) t:f7.l' G 1, G 2~aflatoxicol t rmn~I:~lh G t:~~1J!J4) t j; ~ , A. parasiticus Ci 1 '7/ I::to it ~ :Jt;ffi";I)~~~~ tt~ to)"'('j; ~. MA~~I:io(tG
A. nigerO)m1:EIJ.ljE*0)~~fJU2) l" t. ~~b6 G;fL, A. niger C: A. fiavus 0) 2 ifflld: \:::0:J,. 5 T -T T 'J 'Y (J)f-t~tJ9 7J:~j:m c p;t ~. '=;ft GO)OO)t;ffi" Ii, 1 '7 /' ~I*J-C'O) \:::0:J,. 5 T::.t T oJ ,y 0) !i")t;fJ]ilfi!iJj't 0)~~fJ!J5.6) C: rm~-r:'j; -:J tc .
\:::0:;l. 5 T -T T oJ 'Y O)fj~O)I*J*&: C: 1= (ij:E~L) C::;t- )tit L"mO):Jt;fJ] :;t-~~!.., t.:;I);;. 'f~k O)~ft

Vol. 51(2), 2001

113

Table 4. Fungal infection and aflatoxin-producing fungi on Iranian pistachio nuts collected at 2000

Samp Ie (0 rig in)
A. f/avus
KK-1 S* (Ke rman)
88 %KK-1KU64
KK-19S (Kerman)
4
KK-19K
16
KK-2S (Raf sanj an)
20
KK-2K
16
KK-20S (Rafsanjan)
28
KK-20K
92
96'
KK-3S (Yaz d)
KK-3K
92
KK-21 S (Yazd)
20
KK-21K76
KK-22S (Ar dakan)
40
KK-22K60
KK-23S (Anar )28
KK-23K100*S: Shel I; **K: kernel

A. niger
100 %
100
36
60
100
100

Aflatoxin-producer

84

100
100
100
100
100
48

64
80
100

-1 '7 /' I: -:J <' eO A ?T T :t{t~00'C' ® ~ ~}f-,:J 'C'O) Heperkan G 7) O)t*J*BtO):t5 J: -t 40% I:A. jlavus il11'f:ff-t ~ 0) I:x-;f G, f="'('1;1:6-16% I: -t ~Id:t) ~ t) -5 m~ ~ li~7d: ~*6*~~t.::. g: t.::, l!T~~0) eO A ?T T:;f T 'J ''} I:-:J\)L, t*J*S{ ~ C~ I: 7t It L, 7 7 '7 ~ 4=- :-.</ ilfJO)*¥~ ~.ij, t: Denizel G 8) O)~~ I: J: ~ t, C 'C' liP~rs'*¥~ ~ #l:ilfJJlil1~1JtI-t ~ il1, t*J*S{'C' Ii I~ ~ Iv E ~1t iI~.ij, Ghid: p ~ GL p ~ O)'C', 7tfJTfu:\flO)~~P~0)t*J*s{0)~ftAlintU)Eflil:'3W~-9-~ 7d: p t ~ ~ Ght.::.
lj~l: J: -::> L ~Id: -::> L:t5 VJ, -)EO)ftflrBJiI~.ij, Gh f,

54

i'iBB

~@, ~l!t~ff3'GO)x;f~ t

L t: -1 '7 ;.; ~{t e°:A?T T:;f T 'J ''} I'::BIt ~ 7 7 '7 ~ 4=- ~ ;.;mO){t~11~ff\-t Aspergillus flavusO)7t;;fJJ~*~5til' G.ij, L,-1 '7 ;.; 00 t*J I: Ii 77 '7 ~;f ~ ;.;{t~ilil~~ <7t;;fJJ t,

L:BVJ,~• • O).m~,~.~ffl~~.~kL~~~#®~.

A. jlavusO)ttJ}tl: J: ~ ~fiffili, il![;I~;I:&}tt*O);I:~-il, *'1#{til ~~Ii t. L~* GL t) ~ O)'C'~~~
O).ij, 'C'li:f7 ~.~~O)DIm§'I1~m ~ z ~ li~ Gt). -11, ~~;I:&.t*"""(:'O)~fiffili1t~~A~0)*6"*

tJttX:B9J: <-3&-t ~ iI~, ~oo~il1tfl::f:&.~rr-50)"""(:', ~m~t*JI:~$ll- t.::il ~ t t 1:1li1d:~~ooft#il t ~fiffi l-L G ~ -5.

t*J"*SZ ~ CO) il5t;;fJJ ii' G.ij, L, 77'7 ~ ;f ~ :< 7tfJTO)~O)WJ)Efll:-9-;t ~ ~~Iil~ t Iv~' ~P~ lJ.. G h~ iI~, ~ h G ~5tltLWHJT-t ~ ~ t Ii, ~Lt. 'C'O).QX;'A ~ #I:OO~-t ~ 1::::0 A ?T T:;fO)~'11
ii' G.ij, L, A. jlavusO)~Ail1 Eo)P~B'C'J£{t-t ~ ii' ~m ~ -5 ;t """(:'fl'j] 7d:'~lf5H~ ~ 7d: ~ DIm§'11i11® ~o)'C', ~ GI:~ilt~~\~~-t~.
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114

Mycotoxins

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1) IDiEE~-, fttHig!l4, ~AA}Jjt;·ag : 71 :J ":::\'-:/ /', 50,65-74 (2000)

2) EE rj:t file iIDPJ, p ~ dffiJ re*t, ;lli IE~ :1c . ;lli * ¥:1c : :pj1 p*~:/:J! 1* flliff ~}iffiiff ~ ¥IH!r, 14, 64­

65(1981)I13) *~J1IP~J%, Hlrj:tfile~PJ, w*f$~, LlJ*~, p~dffiJre*t, taHl~:1c, ~HlJllf~-: 71:J ": :\'- s- /', 25,21-27(1987)
4)~HiW:1c,~.£~,*EEW~,£~ ~,*$~~,*LlJfile~,~LlJm~,.**~*:
it~~t, 25,241-245(1984)
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The occurrence of aflatoxin-producing strains in the imported Iranian pistachio nuts
Masakatsu ICHINOE, Tomoko Szrro.Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School, Tokyo Kasei
University (1-18-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan)
Kiyoshi OKANo: Mycotoxin Research Association (15, Daikoku-futo, Turumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0054, Japan)
The distribution of Aspergillus flavus was determined in imported raw Iranian pistachio nuts.
Occurrence of aflatoxin-producing strains in aflatoxin positive samples was markedly higher, whereas ratio
of aflatoxin-producing strains of A. flavus in aflatoxin negative sample was relatively low. Distribution of A.

flaous on shells and kernels of the nuts showed as difference among individual samples. Occurrence of afla­
toxin-producing strains was examined in pistachio nuts samples collected from different geographical areasin Iran.

Key word: pistachio nuts,aflatoxin, Aspergillus flaousI