a-ft~~~~~~-~·!c.lJ
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 12Palaeontological Society of Japan
December 15, 1953

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
238.

On the l\fioccne Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai; Part 3. Two
Miocene Pectens ......................................................... Kbichiro MASUDA 83

239.

llamlete//a, a New Permian Genus of Brachiopoda, and a New Species
from the Kitakami Mountains, Japan ....................... Ichiro HAYASAKA 89

240.

A Find of Pseudaspidoceras from Hokkaido, Japan (Studies on the
Cretaceous Ammonites from Hokkaid6 and Saghalien-11) ................. .
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Tatsuro MATsUMOTO & Wataru HASIIIMoTo97241. New Boultonia and other Microfossils from North Thailand (Siam) ...
. .. . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . ... ... . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. ... . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . Kenji KoNISJII 103
SHORT NOTES
1. New Name ]eho/aspis ............................................. Teiichi KnHAYASHI

88

PROCEEDINGS . . . ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... . .. ... . .. ... ... .. . ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. . .. . .. . ... . .. ... ... ... .. . 88
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ENDO,

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E~oo

96

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Shoshiro

HANZAWA, khiro

HAYASAKA,.
~

Nobuo IKEBE,

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All Communications relating to this Journal shoulcl be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

..:_.
_-

...

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S .. No. 12. pp. 83-87, Pl. 8, Dec. 10. 1953

238. ON THE MIOCENE PECTINIDAE FROM THE ENVIRONSOF SENDAI; PART 3. TWO MIOCENE PECTENS*K6ICHIRO MASUDA
DPputment of Geology, College of Education. Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

IJllfifltMlt. !Qu.:> 2 fifi!IK~v·"C (flllti~ffi!i:'l•1ottft.iil Pectinidae, ~ u.:> 3): I~Jlli'i'tl· f,1J(1-:,
Placopccten 11011111rai .&V: Ch/amys kumanodoensis u.:> 2 fj 5: ihl~ L, PiacoPeden 11omurai t
PlacoPeclell protomo!liltls (NOMURA) t Q'..>!lijf*I-:N,t\.>7::~"' ~o Jlt[li~-.RJ)

Introduction and Acknowledgements

Description

The scallops herein described werecollected by the writer from the granuleconglomerate at the basal part of the
Miocene Moniwa formation developed
near the Kumano Shrine, Kumanod6,
Takadate-mura, Natori·gun, and fromthe coarse grained sandstone at thebasal part of the same formation at thetype locality of the Moniwa formation,
which is at Moniwa, Oide-mura, Natori·
gun, both in the southern border of
Sendai CitY, Miyagi Prefecture. These
newly collected scallops represent new
species and their descriptions are present·
ed herein.
The Moniwa formation from where
tha scallops were collected occupies thelowest marine unit of the Miocene
Natori group, which had been alreadydescribed by J. IwAI (1949, pp. 23-27),
and the full paper is now in press (S.
HANZAWA, et al. in press).
Acknowledgements are due to Dr.
Kotora HATAI of the Department of
Geology, College of Education, Ti>hoku
University, for kindly supervising thepresent work.

Family Pectinidae
Subfamily Pectininae
Genus Placopecten VERRILL, 1897
PlacofJec/cn 1tomurai MASUDA, n. sp.
Pl. 8, Figs. la-c. 2a-b. 3a-b, 4a-b.
5, 6a-b.

19-lO.

Pecten (Chlamys) Protomollifus Noi\HJ·
RA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ .. Ser.
2, vol. 21, 110. 1. p. 17, pl. 11, figs. 7.
8. 9. (not Pectw (Peden) Protomollitus
NoMURA. Saito Ho·otl Kai l'l{us., Res.
Bull., no. 6, p. 41, pl. 6, fig. a. Type
locality. Ilotatebuchi, Hitotsumori. Aka·ishi-mura, Nishi-Tsugaru.gun, Aomori
Prefecture: Tanosawa formation, Mio·cene).

Shell rather small, thin, compressed,
orbicular, subequilateral; the valves
somewhat smooth, but radiately ribbed;
pointed at top, forming an angle ofabout 100°. Right valve with a great
number (about 50 or more) of fine, faint,
close-set, flat-topped, smooth radial
threads and usually with intercalarythreads, both crossed by concentric fine
growth lines; the radials are wider
than the interspaces and usually tend

* Read Dec. 6, 1952; received Feb. 26, 195:l83

Kilichir5 MASUDA

84

to bifurcate at about the upper half ofdisc length ; intercalary threads usually
app~ar at about same time as thebifurc.:ttion of radials and rarely split
into two riblets near margin ; intercalaries nearly equal to main radial
threads in strength at margin. Leftvalve more convex than right, provided
with numerous, faint, line, close-set, flattopped, smooth radial threads, and also
rarely wlth intercalary threads; r:tdials
wider than intersp:1ces and usually split
into two riblets at about half of disc
length. Auricles of right valve subequalin size, though the anterior is a little
larger than the posterior ; anterior
furnished with a distinct byss:tl notch
and narrow byssal area, and ornamented
with distinct radial threads which rarely
bifurcate and of concentric lines ; posterior with distinct radial threads andconcentric lines which make auricles
appear imbricated. Anterior auricle in
left valve with wide and shallow hyssal
notch which is a little larger than theposterior and sculptured with di.:;tinct,
somewhat imbricated radials. being
similar in sculpture with the posterior.
Hinge of right valve with more or lessstrong ctenolium and distinct cardinal
crura and deep resilial pit provided with
distinct lateral ridges. Left valve withhinge provided with socket which correspond to lateral ridges of resilial pitof right valve. Internal surface smooth,
except for marginal serration.
Dimemions (in mm).- .
Valve

Right"" Right Right Left Left Left··---

Height

42

36

20

45

43

32

Length

41

35

19

•15

4()

29

Hinge·
length

14

9

15

15

12

Depth

4

1.5

8

8

fi

'

-

I

Apical

angle

----

100°

3
100°

100° 1(10' 100' 95o I-~~~* Holotype specimen.

Type locality a11d geological horizon.Stream floor of small tributary of theNatori River at Moniwa, Oide-mura,
Natori-gun, l'vliyagi Prefecture (lat.
38°13'N., long. 140"47'E.). Moniwa formation. Early Miocene.
Depository.-Department of Geology, College of Education, Tohoku University,
Sendai, Japan. Reg. No. 1041.
Remar!ls.-This species is characterizecl
by its orbicular shap:: and thin shell
which is provided with numerous, fine,close-set, flat-topped, dichotomous radial
threads and intercalary threads, and by
the strong cardinal crura. The left
valve is characterized by rarely having
intercalary threads, by the radials being
wider than their interspaces and also by
the thin shell.
Placopccten clintonius SAY, according
to W. C. MANSFIELD (1936, pp. 186-187,
pl. 22, fig. 4) is without a defined type
locality, but its true type locality may
be "Old Kings Mill Wharf on the northshore of the James River. Virginia".
Whatever be the case, cli11tonius SAY
resembles 11omurai in its general features, but can be distinguished by its
smaller shell, less obtuse byssal notch
and less numerous radial threads. Another similar species is Placopccle1l
setmzaensis KunoTA ( 1950, pp. 183--185,
pl. 7, figs. 1-4), from the Pliocene (?)
Setana formation of southwestern Hokkaido, but nomurai can be distinguishedtherefrom by the larger shell, nondichotomizing radials and by the obtuse
byssal notch.
Placopecten uomurai was referred by
S. NoMURA (1940, p. 17) to his Pecten( l'cctcn) prolomollitres, which he firstdescribed from the Miocene Tanosawa
formation in western Aomori Prefectureand subsequently reported it from the
1\1iocenc 1\foniwa formation in the south·
ern border of Sendai City, Miyagi Pre-On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai; P.trt 3. Two Miocene Pectens

fecture:"The origin:1l description of S. NoMURA's
protomollittts is as follows." Shell small, about 4~ mm. in height,
orbicular, strongly compressed nearly
equilateral.; surface with fine, close-set,som~what imbricated radial threads,some of which arc slightly larger thanthe others in regular intervals. The
smaller threads are generally three in
number in the interspace between thelarger 'ones. Interior sniooth. Height,
39mm."
According to S. NoMURA, the shell ischaracterized by its orbicular outline,
which is subtransparent and provided
with fine and regular disposed radial
threads.
I'
The characteristics of Placopecten protomol/iitts diverge from the specimensfrom the type locality of the Moniwa
formation, especially in the type ofradial threads between the interspaces,
thus a new name has· been given tothem. Protomollities from the Miocene
Tanosawa formation in Aomori Prefecture; the holotype of the speci~s. can be
distii1guished from the l\Ioniwa specimens by having unequal radials, someof which are slightly larger than theothers in regular intervals and thesmaller threads are generally three in
number in the interspaccs between thelarger ones.

numerous (about 50) faint,.~fine, round-.
topped, close-set, smooth radial threads
and fine concentric growth lineS; obtuse
net-work present on lateral area ; radial
threads much wider than interspaces,
rarely dichotomous and very rarely
with intercalary threads; anterior auricle of right valve much larger andlonger than the posterior and provided
with deep byssal notch ; upper half ofanterior auricle with only concentriclines and its lower half with a few
strong radials; posterior auricle sculptured similarly as anterior ; hingestraight and with distinct cardinal cru:raand ctenolium ; resilial pit. wide andshallow. Ribs of left valve similar to
those of right; anterior auricle muchlarger than posterior and sculptured
with radial riblets, and provided withwide and shallow byssal notch ; hingewith strong cardinal crura corresponding
to that of right valve. Internal surface
usually smooth, but sculptured with fineserration near ventral margin.
Dimensiom (in mm).-Valve
HeightRight* Right Right Left :Left:Left

46

38

49

37

Chlamys kuma11odoensis MAsUDA, n. sp.
Pl. 8, Figs. Sa-b. 9a-h, lOa-b. lla-b.

Shell small, rather thick, compressed,
suborbicular, equilateral except for auricles, subequivalve, although the left
slightly exceeds the right in convexity ;valves smooth but radiately ribbed;
auricles imbricated. Right valve with34

41·---------

Length

43

36

47

35

31

36

Hinge·
length

18

18

17

14

15

15

Depth

7

6

7

8

6

6

95~

95o

90°

95° goo 95°

--

----

Genus Chlamys (BoLTEN) RoDING, 1798

85

Apicalangle* Holotype specimen.
Type locality attd geological horizmz.Hill side about 500 m west of the
Kumano Shrine, Kumanoclo, Takadatemura, Natori-gun, Miyagi Prefecture(lat. 38 J 11' 5" N., long. 140~50' 4011 E.).
Moni wa formation. Early· Miocene.
DePository.-Department of Geology,
College of Education, Tohoku University, Scndai, Japan. Reg. No. 1049.

86

Koichiro MASUDA

Remarlls.-This new species of Chlamys
is distinguishable from both Placopccten
protomollitus (NoMURA) and P. nomurai
MAsUDA. n. sp., by the thicker test,
larger anterior auricle, characteristic
cardinal crura and also by the sculptureof the radial threads. Chlamys islandicus (Mui.I.ER) (ARNOI.D, 1906, pp. 113114, pl. 45, figs. 1, la) is also related tothe present new species, but can be
distinguished therefrom by the size ofthe shell, the square and less numberof radial threads, the type of multiplica·tion of the ribs which is by bifurcationand intercalation, the more pronounced
imbrication of the left valve and by theposterior auricle being a little over onehalf as long as the anterior one.
References
AI{NOI.D, R. (1906): The Tertiary and Quaternary Pectens of California. U. S. Ceo/.
Surv., Prof. P<~Per. No. 47, pp. 113-114,
pl. 45, figs. 1. 1a.
IWAJ, ). (1949): The Cainozoic Formations
around Sendai. Ceo/. Sci., No. 1, pp. 2327.
KUBOTA, K. (1950): A New Species of Pecten(P/acopeclen) from the Neogene of Sou·

thern Hokkaido, Japan. Min. Ceol., Vol.
3, No. 5, pp. 183-185, pl. 7. figs. 1-4.

MANSFIELD, W. C. (1936): StratigraphicalSignificance of Miocene, Pliocene andPleistocene Pectinidae of the Southeastern
United States. ]ourn. Paleonl., Vol. 10,
No. 3, pp. 186-187, pl. 22, fig. 4.
NoMURA, S. (1935): Miocene Mollusca fromthe Nisi-Tugaru District, Aomori-Ken.
Northeast HonsyO, Japan. Saito Ho-on
Kai Mus., Res. B111l., No. 6, pp. 41-42, pl.
6, fig. 3.
--, ( l91J.Q): Molluscan Fauna of the Moniwa
Shell Bed exposed along the Natori-gawain the Vicinity of Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Sci. Rep., TUhoku Imp. Unit•.,Ser. 2, Vol. 21, No. 1, p. 17, pl. 2. figs.
7, 8, 9.

--. and K. HA"fAI (1936): Fossils from
Yazawagi-mura. Ugo Province, Northeast
Honsyl'i, Japan. Saito HO·Oil Kai Mus.,
Res. Bull., No. 10, p. 162.
--. and H. ONISHI. (1940): Neogene Mollusca
from the Sennan District, Miyagi Prefec·
ture, Japan. !aPa11. four. Ceo/. Ceogr., vol.
17, Nos. 3-4. pl. 19, fig. 3.
TUCKER-ROWLAND, H. I. (1938): The Atlantic
and Gulf Coast Tertiary Pectinidae of theUnited States. l'>fem. Mus. Roy. /list. Nat.
Be/g., Ser. 2, Fasc. 13, pp. 51-53, pl. 1,
fig. ll.

On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai; Part 3. Two Miocene Pectens 87

Explanation of Plate 8
Figs. la-c. Placopectetz nomurai 1\IASUDA, n. sp. Holotype. Reg. No. 1041. a. Right valve, xI.
b, Inner surface of la, x 1. c. A part of the outer surface of la, x 3. Loc. Stream floorof a small tributary of the Natori River at Moniwa, Oide·mura, Natori-gun, Miyagi
Prefecture.
Fig. 2. Placopecletz nomurai MASUDA, n. sp. Paratype. Right valve. x 1. Loc. Same as above.
Fig. 3. P/acopecten tlomurai MAsUDA. n. sp. Hinge area of right valve, x 1. Loc. Same as above.
Figs. 4a- b. PlacoPecten nomurai MASUDA, n. sp. Paratype. a, Right valve, x 1. b, Hinge arf'aof 4a, x 1. Loc. Same as above.
Figs. Sa-b. P/acopecten t1011111rai MASUDA, n. sp. Paratype. a, Left valve, x l. b, A part of theouter surface of 5a, x 3. Loc. Same as above.
Fig. 6. PlocoPecten nomurai MASUDA, n. sp. Paratype. Inner surface of left valve. x 1. Loc.
Same as above.
Fig. 7. P/ocopecten 110murai MASUDA, n. sp. Paratype. Left valve. x 1. Loc. Same as above.
Fig. 8. A part of the holotype of Placopectm Prolomollitus (Nomura), x 3. Loc. Hotatebuchi,
Hitotsumori. Akaishi-mura, Nishi-Tsugaru-gun, Aomori Prefecture. Saito Ho-on Kai
Museum. Reg. No. 6086.
Figs. 9a-b. Chlamys lmmanodomsis MASUDA, n. sp. Hololype. J~eg. No. 1049. a, Right valve,x 1. b, Hinge area of 9a, >< 1. Lee. Hill side about 500 m. west of the Kumano Shrine,
Kumanodo, Takadate·mura, Natori-gun, Miyagi Prefecture.
Figs. lOa-b. Chlamys kummzodomsis MASUDA, n. sp. Paratype. a, Right va(ve, x 1. b. Hinge
area of lOa, x 1. Loc. Same as above.
Figs. lla-b. Ch/amys kzmzatzodoensis MASUDA, n. sp. Paratype. a, Left valve, x 1. b, Hinge
area of lla. x 1. Loc. Same as above.
Figs. 12a-b. Chlamys kmtzanodoensis MASUUA, n. sp. Paratype. a, Left valve, x 1. b, Binge
area of 12a, x 1. Loc. Same as above.

.. ' I ~~~'88

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN
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J.:..'"?v•-c (it~) .................... i.IWO-m

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On the Two Nt'W Fossil Elephantsfrom Western Kyushu. Japan ... (.MI'!t-=(fl::~) ..........

... Klllfd-~. ,1-ffillJJi;........................... ········· ......... ;iifii.J-~}
Discovery of Nelumbo from the
Asuwa Flora (Upper Cretaceous) in
Fukui Prefecture, the Inner side ofCentral Japan ( fl(:~) ............... ~Ji~-m
10. Miocene
Foraminifera from Noto
Peninsula....................... ~~lj!f it'•'
11. Oligocene Foraminifera from Utsunai,
Tombetsu·mura, Hokkaido ...... t\Gff iJ!i
12. f.XlflirtllllMIII rtn,;li1!U"J}HL.!.llft:fi .. :!IM:~M
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1-1. EuconosPira with Color Pattern fromthe Permian of Japan ( f'\;;ft) ... !J!»i-Jlf,
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*~~i (It~) .... ....... ......

. .... llillil**Some Permian Lime-secreting Algae
from Kosaki formation of Central
Kyushu, Japan (1\';,~0 ... Kenji KoNISHI
1·. Electron-microscopic fine structure offossil diatoms. 1-11 ......... Haruo OKUNO
3.

17. On the l'vliocene Pectinidae from theEnvirons of Se~dai Part 5 & Part 6 ...
............................. Koichiro MASUDA
A New 1'.1Jaeogene paracenoceratoidfrom Southern Kyushu, in Japan ( f'\;~). ....................... Teiichi KoHA YASIII
19. Decouverte de Tmeloccras dans lep!ateau de Kitakami au nord duJapon (f\';~C) .................. Tadashi SATo
20. A New Classification of the Con·
chostraca ( f\';if/t) ...... Teiichi KoBA YASIII
21. 1/dHiH, -M·m; iff J;~tt:&IGrlli~'!lli)rgJ"lJ.ti
l!f.llt~IIJ Ctenoch les ft:fi ...... .-t-fk:hillt
18.

SHORT NOTES
1.

New ·:Name, ] cholaspis
Teiichi KonAYASHI

Prof. F. RASETTI of the Johns Hopkins
University kindly informed me of the homonymy of his Psettdosaukia (four. Pal. Vol.
18, 194-l, p. 252) with mine (Tmns. Proc.

Pal. Soc. JaPa11, N. S. No. 3, 1952, p. 78).
Here felzo/asPis is proposed for Pseudosaukia
KoBAYASlll, 1952.

·'

MAsuDA, K.: Miocene Pectinidae

K. KuMAGAI, Photo.

PLATE 8Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N.S., No. 12, pp. 89-95, Pl. 9, Dec. 10, 1953

239.

HAMLETELLA, A NEW PERMIAN GENUS OF BRACHIOPODA,
AND A NEW SPECIES FROM THE KITAKAMI MOUNTAINS,JAPAN*ICHIRO HAYASAKA
Hokkaido University.::~*tJIJlii.!E!i!lltifJjl.\ Hamhdella: ~~J:llJjt!!ljlJWvJ.::~~.!: ;ff.r;~ !:..tL o;ll!lrl'frJlt.:~ Ltc Streptorhynclzus ~c(J;ttd~VJ, nta.ll~II, Timor VJ? Str. altus HAMLET ,!:ji;K, Meekella 1-c~;\'l'ft.c-~vJ 11'-f-Tt.t delthyrial supporting--plates ~ frjU;:t -c ~, o 0 HAMLET tt JC .tL a: tifUJ;b.!: "1"--q~ -e<O ~ ? .!:<l):@:j!·<:.t>-::>tct·, "ft~17fJ.E VJ/.:.ll:> ~ Ll~;:ti\: 0 Timor .!::f~J:.!:K>Jl)ktc !JBJia:tJ-i\:<l)fi"b•&,HAMLET <1)~/;t:iELv·.!:~.tLt.c:t.l"tl.ft.L&Y.l.!:.\l!?VJ""(', tnJ;Jl~ llam/etella a:tl.\~L~~J:VJ'I,<IJ a: lfrfjli ll. kitakamiensis .!: L -clj[li~ L i.:. 0 t.r ttl JJ ? :JJ !t 7- :ji:;$1TJ _!:$.::~~ II• "b> & LICHAREWtJ: Str. altissimus .!: L-c#(~Lk~*f;t, ~f}l;t~UI:;J:<I)>!,<I).!:Jii]t]t""C<Vo"b:, beak a:-t)J-::>-ciif,\J-:.tr:.&, delthyrialsupporting.plates v:!JaJ!J.tL~?t.L'>&"b:To 0 ~?T.tLI:fc.tL>L Hamletel/a.!:t.tD, ~&<tt~J:-<1)>1,<1).!:~-(.TJMKt.t~-<:.V~?o(I) The sub-family 0RTHOTETINAEW AAGEN is an interesting group ofbrachiopoda, richly represented in theyounger Paleozoic formations of all theworld by a number of species belonging
to several genera. Definitions of genera
differ more or less according to paleontologists. As to the validity of certain
genera opinions are not unanimous.
In 1910 lvor THoMAS published an
important paper on the classitlcation of
the 0RTHOTETINAE based on the studyof numerous Carboniferous fossils fromvarious British localities.l> The inner
structure of the ventral valve is laid
greatest stress upon as the featurescharacterizing different genera in his
system, though, of course, the growthhabit of shells is regarded important.
The subfamily is first divided into twogroups, one with a median septum inthe ventral valve, and the other lacking--------¥•-M

it. As features of secondary importancethe delthyrial supporting-plates (that is,the dental plates of older usuage )?.> comeunder consideration. According to thisprinciple the group with a median
septum is classified into Derbyia, Ortlzotetes and Geyerella according to thedifferent developmental features of thedelthyrial supporting-plates.
The group without a median septum
includes Streptorltynclws, Sclzucllertella,
Meekella and Schellwienella. In thefirst two of these genera the delthyrial
supporting-plates are " rudimentary or
absent", while in the other two theyarc " well-developed." StrePtorhyuclms
is characterized, among others, by having
a high and distorted pedicle valve, while
Sclmchertella has a low, regular pedicle
valve.
Twenty years later, in 1930, B.
LtcHAREW's paper discussing the structure and classification of the sub-family
0RTHOTETINAE appeared.3l He refers* Read Feb. 28, 1953 ; received March 4, 1953.

89

90

lchiro HAYA5AKA

not only to the classification proposed by
TuoMAS, but also to that schemed by
ToJ.MACHOFF;D the original work ofwhich· is not accessible to the present
writer. To!.MACI!OFF seems to have laid
a little more stress on the growth habitof shells as a character useful for classification. According to LicHAREW TO!.rviACHOFF arranged the genera in thefollowing way.
I.

11.

Forms with median septum in the ventral
valve.
1) Smooth forms ............. Orthotctes
2) Plicated forms .............. Geyerel/a
Forms devoid of a median septum.
1) Smooth forms :a) Dental plates absent or quite
rudimentary .. .Streptorhyuchu$b) Dental plates always present
and sometimes attaining considerable dimension .............. .
........................... Orthoteliua
2) Plica ted forms ............. ... Meekel/aTo LICBAREW the present writer owes
also his knowledge on the classificationof the same sub-family by FREDERICKS
who schemed his system quite independently of opinions available at thattime. The external features of shells
were rather highly appreciated as taxonomic characters also by FREDERICKS.
Following is his classification according
to LICHAREW.
Apical apparatus undeveloped ;Shell striated ............. .. Sircptorhynchus
II. Apical apparatus rudimentary (Delthyrial
keels); shell striated ....... Schucherte/laIll. Apical apparatus fundamental (apicalplates):a) Apical plates free
Shell striated ............ Orthotcti11a
Shell striately-plicated ... Meekellab) Apical plates fused to form aspondylium :Shell striated .......................... .
.................. Orllzotetes (Derbyia)I.

Shell striately-plicated ............. ..
................................. Gcyerel/a

Following discussions on the structural
patterns and on the affinities among
different genera, as well as on the classifications, LicHAREW gives his own idea
which is summarized as follows.
I. Dental plates reduced or feebly developed:
1. Simple median septum feebly developed and not reaching to thedcltidium .......... .. StrePtorlzynclzus
2. Simple median septum strongly
developed and remaining in contact with the deltidium for a moreor less considerable extent ........... .
....................................... Dcrbyia
II. Dental plates strongly developed andreaching to the floor of the valve:
1. Dental plates remaining separated
from each other ........ .... Meckclla
2. Dental plates fused together to form
a biseptum .................. Ortholetes(II) From what has been summarized
above we can rather easily distinguisheach of the allied genera from others.
In an extensive collection of thePermian fossils from the Kitakami
Mountains accumulated in the Department of Geology ar:d Mineralogy, Hoklmido University, there are many interesting species of brachiopods.
Thewriter here takes up one of them inorder to demonstrate that there isanother combination of structural elements different from those found in thegenera hitherto known in the sub-family
0RTIIoTETI:-<AE. In general appearance
the specimen very closely resembles
StrePtorhynchus altissimzes L ICIIAREW
found in the Lower Permian fauna ofNorthern Caucasus.5) In his paper of1932, quoted here, LJCHAREW describes thefollowing 6 species and 1 questionable
one of St1·eptorltynclms, 4 of Derbyia, 3Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N.S., No. 12, pp. 89-95, Pl. 9, Dec. 10, 1953

239.

HAMLETELLA, A NEW PERMIAN GENUS OF BRACHIOPODA, .

AND A NEW SPECIES FROM THE KITAKAMI MOUNTAINS,JAPAN*ICHIRO HAYASAKA
Hokkaido University-=~~IJ);j)(~$1/~ Ilamlete/la: :j~_UIJitt!.il•$11).::~* l: #.r.·tt b IL o.!il!./tiJtl t~ll! I.. Tc Streplo·
rhynclws •~ f.r.ltd~l1), }ltj)E~f.:!:, Timor 11)? Str. aft11s HAMLET 1::3~1~. Meeke/la l<:t.\'{t't.c-*4'<7J2Jifrt.r delthyrial supportinr-platcs ~fluX. "C~·?> 0 HAMLET l;.t~.ft.~!ifr/~.!: j"....:.l!-t:<l'>;s?.!:<TJ~ Q ·<: .V-::.~ tc t', ft~/f~ )f. 11) idl> <:! L~ X. tc 0 Timor .!: ~~J:.!: 1.::.})1] "< t~ ~H! ;! ;f~ tc <7.> tc:'/J• b,
HAMLET v;:~;J;tiE Lv· 1:: ~ ;ttt.dt./l.LU.c &V'.l.!: ,ill? 11)·f, Xfrllf4fr IIamletella a:mmt..~~J:<?.> >L11)2:l1f.flll Jf. kitakamiensis.!: L"C~~Li~o t.c~;IJr};IJiJ-;r.;jt,J1lti1)J:~=I.".!~~II1!1•& LICHAREW:zl: Str. altissinms.!: L-c¥1(-\';-L1:1llU~I;.t, )f;lt~<~~J:v.>tll)l:j,l]~"t?.V?>:zl:, beak ~tJ)-::>"Cilll:l--' t: &, del thy rial supporting-plates ;t,: ~ J!;! -it.k ? t.c ~:zl: -.t <> 0 ~ ? -.t /1-tr c. tL t IIumlete/la.!:t.r~. m&<~~~-11)>!,11).!:W-11)N~t.ro~.Vb?o ¥W-AA

CO The sub-family OwmoTJ·:TINAEW AAGEN is an interesting group ofbrachiopoda, richly represented in theyounger Paleozoic formations of all theworld by a number of species b...!longing
to several genera. Definitions of genera
differ more or less according to paleontologists. As to the validity of certain
genera opinions are not unanimous.
In 1910 Jvor TnoMAS published an
important paper on the classification of
the 0RTIIOTJ-;TINAE based on the studyof n'umerous Carboniferous fossils fromvarious British localities.n The inner
structure of the ventral valve is laid
greatest stress upon as the featurescharacterizing different genera in his
system, though, of course, the growthhabit of shells is regarded important.
The subfamily is first divided into twogroups, one with a median septum inthe ventral valve, and the other lacking

it. As features of secondary importancethe delthyrial supporting-plates (that is,the dental plates of older usuage)2> comeunder consideration. According to thisprinciple the group with a median
septum is classified into Derbyia, Ortlzotetes and Geyerella according to thedifferent developmental features of thedelthyrial supporting-plates.
The group without a median septum
includes Streptorhy11c/ms, Sclmchertella,
Meeke/la and Schellwienella. In thefirst two of these genera the delthyrial
supporting-plates are " rudimentary or
absent", while in the other two theyare " well-developed." StrePlorhynchus
is characterized, among others, by having
a high and distorted pedicle valve, while
Sc/mclzertclla has a low, regular pedicle
valve.
Twenty years later, in 1930, B.
LicHARr-:w's paper discussing the structure and classification of the sub-family
OrnHoTETINAE appeared.3 1 He refers• Read Feb. 28, 1953; received March 4. 1953.

89

90

Ichiro HAYASAKA

not only to the classification proposed by
THoMAs, but also to that schemed by
TnLMACHOFF,.J> the original work ofwhich is not accessible to the present
writer. ToLl\IACHOFF seems to have laid
a little more stress on the growth habitof shells as a character useful for clas·
sification. According to LiciiAREW ToLMAciiOFF arranged the genera in thefollowing way.
Forms with median septum in the ventral
valve.
1) Smooth forms ............. Orthotetes
2) Plicated forms ............... Geycrella
II. Forms devoid of a median st>ptum.
1) Smooth forms:a) Dental plates absent or quite
rudimentary ... Streptorhyuchusb) Dental plates always present
and sometimes attaining considerable dimension .............. .

Shell striately-plicated ............. .
................................. Geyere/laFollowing discussions on the structural
patterns and on the affittities among
different genera, as well as on the classifications, LICHAREW gives his own idea
which is summarized as follows.
I.

Dental plates reduced or feebly developed:
1. Simple median septum feebly developed and not reaching to thedcltidium ......... ... StrePtorlzynclws
2. Simple median septum strongly
developed and remaining in contact with the deltidium for a moreor less considerable extent.. ........ ..

II.

Dental plates strongly developed andreaching to the floor of the valve:
1. Dental plates remaining separated
from each other ............ Meekella
2. Dental plates fused together to form
a biseptum ...... ............ Ortlzotctcs

I.

........................... Orthotetina
2)

Plicatctl forms ........ ........ Jfeekel/u

To LiciiAREW the present writer owes
also his knowledge on the classificationof the same sub-family by FREDERICKS
who schemed his system quite independently of opinions available at thattime. The external features of shells
were rather highly appreciated as taxonomic characters also by FREDERICKS.
Following is his classification according
to LiciiAREW.
Apical apparatus undeveloped ;Shell striated ......... ...... Streptorhy11cl111s
II. Apical apparatus rudimentary ( Delthyrial
keels); shell striated ....... Schuchcrtella
Ill. Apical apparatus fundamental (apicalplates) :a) Apical plates free
Shell striated ............ Orthotelitla
Shell striately-plicated ... Mcellellab) Apical plates fused to form aspondylium :Shell striated .......................... .
I.

.................. Ortlwtetes (Derbyia)....................................... Derbyia(II) From what has been summarized
above we can rather easily distinguisheach of the allied genera from others.
In an extensive collection of thePermian fossils from the Kitakami
Mountains accumulated in the Department of Geology and 11ineralogy, Hoklmido University, there are many interesting species of brachiopods.
Thewriter here takes up one of them inorder to demonstrate that there isanother combination of structural elements different from those found in thegenera hitherto known in the sub-family
0RTHOTETINAE. In general appearance
the specimen very closely resembles
St1·eptorhynchus altissimzes LICIIAREW
found in the Lower Permian fauna ofNorthern Caucasus.S> In his paper of1932, quoted here, Lici!AREW describes thefollowing 6 species and 1 questionable
one of St1·ePlorhynclms, 4 of Derbyia, 3

Hamlctclfa, a New Permian Genus of Brachiopoda. and a New Species

and 1 questionable of Jl!cclwlla, and 4 species and 1 variety of Omboina within the:;ub-family OrnuoTETINA" are desctibed,
and the systematic relations and morphological characters are discussed briefly. Of these Slreptorltyuclms altissimus
is an outstanding sp<!cies possessing an
extremely high or elongate ventral beakwith a narrow and high ventral area orinterarea which is orthocline in thesense of ScuucHERT and CooPER.6'
The sp:!cies is fully described in both
Russian and English texts. Measureme:lts are given in the Russian text,
giving the size of the holotype as: 42mm.,
26 mm., and 16 mm. in length, width andthickness, respectively, whereas thedorsal valve is 24 mm. long. In thedescription of the inner structure no
mention is made of the dental plates ordelthyrial supporting-plates while otherdetails arc given.
Remembering, moreover, that LIC!!A·REW discussed the structural features
and affinities of the genera of 0RTI!oTETINAE in ln:lo paper, ther<! should not
be any doubt that it is a Streptorhynclms.
The Kitakami specimen coincides with
the Caucasian species in all the observed
features and dimensions, except for thefact that it possesses a pair of parallel
delthyrial supporting-plates that arevery distinctly shown as parallel slitson the back side of the high area, thespecimen being an inner mold.
As far as the mode of developmentof delthyrial supporting-plates is concerned the Japanese specimen has to beclassed with Meekella rather thanStrcptorhynclms according to the classifications current among paleontologists.
In other words, with respect to thedevelopment of parallel delthyrial supporting-plates it is a Meekella, but it has
a high, more or less curved beak which
is characteristic of a Streptorlzynchus.

91

This may be regarded as an accidence
in the development of the inner structure of 0RTHOTETINAE, because the genera of this sub-family are considered very
closely allied to each other. Especiallywhen there is only one specimen examined it can involve whatever meaning
possible. It may be simply called ananomaly, or an exception, or, it may
possibly be regarded as a hybrid preserved by chance.
However, when there is a second
specimen with the same " anomalous "peculiarity or peculiarities the meaning
becomes quite different. Especi,llly when
two occurrences take place either at
different horizons of the geological formations, or at more or less remotelocalities the meaning of the second
occurr~nce is often very important.
Insuch a case the probability of the··anomalous" form being exceptional or
pathologic accidence may become verysmall.7>
As a matter of fact, the combinationof the elongate and distorted Streptorlzynclms shell and the parallel pair ofdelthyrial supporting-plates of Jlfeekellawas recognized by HAMLJiT in the collection of the Permian brachiopods ofTimor she examined and described. In" Permische Brachiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten und Gastropoden von Timor" ,81
1928, there is a new species " ? Streptorhynclzres altus " of which she discussed its generic position. In externalfeatures it is a StrePlorhynclms, being
characterized by an extremely high area
and a slightly twisted beak. It is withthis Timorese species that LtcHAREW
compared his StrePtorlzynclms altissimus,
the name implying that the triangulararea is much higher than in the former.
HAMLET put a question-mark before thegeneric name Strcptorhyncltus because
she found, by cutting, a pair of "Zahn-

92lcbiro HAYASAKA

stiitze" inside the beak portion of theventral valve. The "Zahnstiitze" ordelthyrial supporting-plates begin at ashort distance from the apex of theshell, and are not in touch with thearea. This conforms with the definitionof the delthyrial supporting-plates of
Ivor TuoMAS who proposed that theterm ''dental plates'' or Zahnstiitze
should be replaced.
(III) Be it what it may, it is a factthat there is a form of brachiopod having a StrePiorhynclms appearance with
Meekella-Jike delthyrial supporting-plates
in the Permian formations of Timor and
the Kitakami Mountains.
LICHAREW
referred to the Timorese species of
HAMLET, and regarded it a valid speciesof the genus StrePtorhynclms notwithstanding HAMLET herself was suspiciousof its validity because of the development of the clelthyrial supporting-plates.
In reality HAMLET seems to havehesitated to propose a new generic namefor her species, perhaps because thediscussions and opinions on the inner
structures, especially of the developmentof the Zahnstiitze had not been clear
enough to her. She concludes her description of ? Streptorhynclms altus withthe following sentence. "Wahrscheinlichgehoren die Stucke iiberhaupt in ein
neues Genus, das wohl nur permische
Vertreter aufweisen wird."9)Now, the validity of the type ofbrachiopod represented by species fromremote corners of the world being
recognized, a generic name becomes
necessary for them. In order to remember HAMI.I'T's merit in anticipating theestablishment of a new genus the present
writer would propose Hamletella, tak.ing the Timorese species ? Streptorhynclws altus as genotypE'. It is described by HAMLET in detail, so that
there is no need of recapitulation in thisplace.
(IV) The Timorese species, Hamlelella alta is thoroughly described andillustrated in 1-IAMI.I-:T's 1928 paper.
The Japanese species differs from it
in certain features. For instance, its
ventral valve is much more elongate,
and consequently its area decidedly
higher than those of the former, while
the hinge-line is much longer in relation
to the width of the shell than in H.
alta. However, as the Kitakami material
is only a single, more or less deformed
specimen, it is possible that these andother differences may not be foundabsolute ones if some more specimens
could be examined. At any rate theKitakami specimen coincides with theNorth Caucasian Streptorlly1lclms oltissimtts LicHAREW in all the features
except the delthyrial supporting-plates,
as stated above. That is, what distinction LicHAREW recognized between the
Timorese and Caucasian forms holds justas well between the former and theJapanese species. Thus, the present writer considers it reasonable to regard it a
species dilferent from the genotype, atleast for the time being, and he proposes
to call it Ilamletella kitakwnie11sis
nov.: it is described in the following lines.

Family STROPHOMENIDA!-:, KING, 1&18
Sub-family 0RTHOTETI!\AE, WAAGEN, 1884
Genus Ham/etella nov.

Diagttosis: 0RTIIoTETINAE with highand usually distorted ventral beak,lacking median septum, but developinga pair of parallel delthyrial supportingplates : surface ornamented with fineradial striae crossed by faint growth
wrinkles .
Genotype: " ? Streptorhynclms altus"
HAMLET, 1928, from the Permian ofTimor.

Hamlcte/la, a New Permian Genus of Brachiopoda, and a New Species

llamlete/la kitalwmiensis nov. sp.
PI. 9, Figs. 1-2

A single inner mold of an almost
complete individual at hand: it is rather
sn1all and more or less deformed, butmore important characters are quite
well observed.
Ventral or pedicle valve is long,slightly convex except the anterior partwhich is fiat or slightly cancave: it hasa very high area which is more thanhalf of the total shell lengh : pointed
apically and rounded in front : beakslightly twisted, and not bilaterally symmetric. Area high, triangular, orthocline,I01 that is, flat and on the sameplane as the plane of commissure ofvalves: with a narrow but distinct andrather prominent pseudodeltidium occupying the axial part of area. A pair ofthin, parallel delthyrial supporting-plates
appears at some distance from the apexof the shell : they exterid foreward toreach to about the middle of the distance between the apex and the hinge.line. Hinge-line straight, slightly shorter
than the maximum breadth of the shell
which lies across about the middle ofthe dorsal or brachial valve. Dorsal
valve is convex and elongately oval
with the straight posterior edge or the
hinge-line. Anteriorly and antero-lat:erally the valve slopes clown rather abruptly
in correspondence to the flat or slightly
concave anterior part of the ventral
valve. A pair of rather long cruras
and a short cardinal process arc represented along thfl, hinge margin as respective slits.
Surface of the specimen, that is, theimpression of the inner surface ofshells, are run by minute radial striae,
counting about 17-18 in a distance of
5 inm ·almost ·at the central part of the93

specimen: they are in alternation withequally distinct interspaces: a similar
striation might have covered the shellsurface. A few low, wide growth wrin·
kles arc observed.
Dimeusions : The specimen is analmost complete individual, but is slightly broken at anterior and apical ends.
The dimensions given below are just as
they are 111easured.
LengthBreadthThickness
Height of areaIlin~-:e-line

Height of dorsal valve

44mm
20.5mmca. lOmm
23mm
17mm
ca. 22mm

Observations : Compared with the
genotype, !Iamlelella alta, the present
Japanese species differs from it, as statedelsewhere, in having a decidedly longer
hinge-line: notwithstanding, the relative
height of area of the latter far surpasses that of the former. The beak of the
Timorese specimen is much more in·ftated than the Kitakami species as wellas the Caucasian species (Streptorhynclms). Concerning the surface sculpture
HAMLET remarks that 4-5 thin radialstriae occur between thicker ones.
However, HAMLET's specimens preserveshell substance, and consequently thestriation of the very surface of she)lseems to be preseved. A compari!>O'n
between this and the striation. of theKitakami specimen may not be of any
sense.
Coming back to StrePlorlzynclms a/tissimus LicHAREW once more, the writer isanxious for a clearer recognition of I hereal character of the species. I lad thespecies a pair of dclthyrial supportingplates which might happen to be foundat some levels different from the cutedges examined by LtcHAREW, then it isnothing but the new species describedlchiro HAYASAKA

94

in this note. Then, in consequence, thespecific name should be H amletellaaltissima (LICIIAREW ). The fact thatthe development of the delthyrial supporting-plates in HAMLET's species from
Timor was rather neglected by Lici!A·
REW in his discussion on the affinity ofStreptorhynclms altissimtes in 1932, as
referred to elsewhere, keeps the writerof this paper more or less sceptic about
the characterization of his new species.
Locality: At the height of 460 m
above sea level in the valley of Budo·
zawa, a tributary of Katchi·zawa,
Setamai-machi, Kesen-gun, Iwate Prefecture,* H. SuETOl\11 made an extensive
collection of fossils while he was engaged
in the stratigraphical and structuralresearch of the region. ln the collection
there are many interesting forms including brachiopods and molluscs, among
others. The occurrence of a " W aagenoceras" intermedium W ANNER 11 > is of
special interest.
Geological horizon: Katchizawa stageof Kanokura series;** Middle Permian.
Depository : Department of Geology
and Mineralogy, Faculty of Science,
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
(V) The validity of Hamlelella as a
new genus accepted, the diagnostic ta·
bles of classification of the genera of the
SUb-family 0RTHOTETINAE by different
paleontologists have to be supplemented
with it. Below, the table schemed by
Ivor TnoMAsll is reproduced with achange due to the i ncertion of .Hamletella by the side of Meekella.
1.

With median septum.
i. Delthyrial supporting-plates notforming a chamber in theumbonal region .................. Derbyia* :ti'f~~ ftiU!lllltiii*IliJf.-Jt\l.lR:lt?i- iliJ{IJiR NtJt

* .it!1..?.t** ttt.Uff1Ht!!.iRPii
460

c1)

ii.

Delthyrial
supporting-plates
fused together into a septumand forming a comparatively
small pyramidal chamber in theumbonal region. Septum extends forward for some distance ............................. Orthotetesiii.

Delthyrial supporting-plates ex·
tending to nearly the middle ofthe shell and merging into a
Septum to form a very elongate
chamber ........................... Geyerel/a

2. Without median septum.
i. Delthyrial supporting-plates rudimentary or absent:
a. Pedicle valve high and usually
distorted. Hinge-line very short.
Cardinal process high and with·out a very transverse base.
Shell usually rather globose.
Area of brachial valve very
rudimentary or absent ........... .
. . . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . . . Streptorhy11clmsb.

ii.

Pedicle valve low and regular.
Hinge-line rather long. Cardinal
process comparatively low andwith a very transverse base,the crural plates curving out.
wards. Shell usually non-globose.
Area of brachial valve small ..... .
. .......................... Scl~t~chertel/aDelthyrial supporting-plates
developed:

well-a. Delthyrial supporting-plates rela·
tively very elongate, usuallyreaching nearly to the center ofthe shell, and sub-parallel indirection.
a a.

Pedicle valve high anddistorted .. .Hamletellaa b.

Pedicle valve low andregular ......... ... Meekel/ab. Delthyrial supporting-plates rela·
tively short, and diverging ..... .
........................... Sclwl/wie11ella

It is worthy of note in this place that
all these genera but Sc/mchertella are[{amletel/a, a New Permian Genus of Brachiopoda. and a New Species

represented in the faunas of the Anthracolithic formations of Japan. They are
considered useful for the world-widebio-stratigraphical correlation.

References
1. THOMAS, lvor (1910) :-The British Carboniferous 0RTHOTETINAE. Mem. Ceo/.
Surv. Great Britain. Palaeontology, val. 1.
pt. 2, pp. 83-134. pl. Xlll, 11 textfigs.
2. Ditto. pp. 99-101.
3. LICHAREW. B. (1930) :-To the C!assifica·tion of the Upper Paleozoic representativesof thesub·family
0RTHOTETINAE
WAAGEN. Am1. de Ia Soc. Pa/eontol. deRussie. tome B. pp. 117-139, 2 textfigs.
4. ToLMACIIOFI'. I. (1915) :-The genera
Orthotetes Fischer, SlrePtorlzynchus KINGand the allied forms from the sub-family
Orthotetinae WAAGEN. Bull. de /'Acad.
imp. de Sci. (Russian)
5. LJCHARF.W, B. (1932) :-Fauna of thePermian Deposits of Northern Caucasus, 1
Brachiopoda: Sub-family Orthotetinae
WAAGEN (Russian, with an English summary). Tra11s. U11itcd Ceo/. and Prosp.
Serv. of USSR, fasc. 215, pp. 1-54, 6
pis., 1 textfig.
6. SCHUCIIERT, Ch. and G. Arthur CoOPER (1931) :-Synopsis of the Brachiopod
Genera of the Suborders Orthoidea andPentameroidea, with Notes on the Telo·tremata. Am. ] our. Sci. t•ol. 22, p. 251.
7. This idea was suggested to the writerwhen he was dealing with Meeke//a gigantea HAY ASAKA from the Nabeyama region,
Central Japan, about twenty years ago(On the Upper Carboniferous Brachipod
Fauna from the Nabeyama Region. etc. ;Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku ImP. Univ.
Taiwa11, vo/. VI, t~o. 2. 1933). While he

8.

9.
10.

11.

95

possessed only one specimen he was not
sure whether it is an anomalous form ofcertain species that are common in theyounger Paleozoic formations or not. On
obtaining the second, and further sped·
mens, he felt he found a firm groundupon which he could decide it to be a
new species but not an accidence. The
writer feels convinced of this principle indealing with specimens of Pictothyrislzanzawai YABE (On Fossil Pictothyt·isfrom Taiwan and Tokuno-Sima, Kagosima
Prefecture: Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, Xll,
1941), and in the establishment ofTrachydomia conica HAYASAKA as a
species distinct . from the more common
T. magna HAYASAKA from the Fusuli11a·
Iimestone of Kinshozan (On Some Permian
Gastropods from Kinsyozln, AkasakaMati, Gihu Prefecture: Mem. Fac. Sci.
Taihoku ImP. Univ. ser. Ill, vo/. I, 110. 2,
pp. 43--44, 1943).
HAMLET, Beata (1928) :-Permische Bra·chiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten und Gas·
tropoden von Timor (2e Nedcrhmdschr.
Timor-Exdeditie onder Leidillf.! va11 Dr. H.
G. JONKER), pp. 8-9, pl. II, figs. 9, 10.
Ditto, p. 10.
In both ? StrePiorhyndzus altus and Str.
a/tissimus area appears to be either
anacline or catacline (see note 6).
Whether this difference in the degree ofinclination of area is of taxonomic value
or not is not clear. In this pap~r it is
not laid stress on this point as a distinctive
feature of species.
This species of WANNER was considered
generically different from Waagenoceras by
MILLER. 1933, who proposed a new name
Hanieloceras: he considers it to represent
the most advanced stage of the ammo·
noids of Cyclolobus- Waagenoceras group(Amer. ]our. Sci. vo/. 2·1). This will be
described togetlwr with some other Per·
mian ammonoids in another paper.

96

Publications Received

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED C5 )Number975. Quinn. ]. H.: Recognition of Hipparions
and other Horses in Middle lVIiocene
Mammalian Faunas of the Texas Gulf
Region. Ross. ). A. W., Lonsdale, A. J\1.
]. & Quinn. ]. H.: New Paleocene andLower Eocene Vertebrate Localities, Big
Bend National Park, Texas. Rpt. Invest.
No. H. (Bureau Econ. Geol. Univ.
Texas), 1952.
976. Flawn. P. T.: The Hazel Copp?r-Silver
Mine, Culberson County. Texas. Ibid.
No. 16, 1952.
977. Barnes. V: E. :High Purity Marble
Falls Limestone, Burnet County, Texas.
Ibid, No. 17. 1952.
978. Pavoni, N.: Geologie der Falliitsche und
die Bedeutung des limnischen Niveaus
fUr die ZUrcher Molasse. Viertaljahrs·
schrift d. Naturf. Gesell. Zurich :XCVII.
Ser. B, No. 8 (1952).
979. Benedict, P. C.; Zur Tektonik der
Si.i:llichen
Granatspitzgruppe(Holw
Tauem) Inaugurai-Disser. Erlang. d.
Philosoph.
Doktorwi.irde
Philosoph.
Fakult. II. Univ. ZUrich, 1952.
980. Katz, H. R.: Zur Geologie von Strind·
bergs Land. Meddel. om Gq6nlaml, Bd.
111, Nr. 1, 1952.
981. Staub, R & Weber, E.: Zur Geologie
derJuliawerkes
Marmorera-Tinzen.
Was3er-und Energiewirtschafl (Zurich),
Nr. 5-7. 1952.
982. Bally, A.: Oss2rvazioni geologiche sulla
regione compresa tra Ia pianura di
Sulmona cd il flume S:tngro. Contributi
di Science Geologiche (Rom a). 1952.
983. Buser. H. : Beitrage zur Geologie vonBlatt Bozen ( Nr. 33) im Schweizerischen
Tafeljura. Inau~urai-Disser. Erlang. d.
Philosoph.
Doktorwiirde.
Philosoph.
Fakult. II. Univ. Ziirich, 1952.

984.

lnhelder. H. W.:
Zur Geologie der
Siidostlichen· Unteren'gadiner Dolomiten.
Ibid.

985.

'#lifliol:k!'f:::CllR~ffl:liJF:;t'fiH!i·l'l t.~f*~~ 115-

(1950)
986.

Ibid,

~2-ry

987.

Ibid,

~H}

(l9Sl)

988.

989.

990.

991.
992.
993.

994·.

995.

(19S2)
Rowe, R. B. : Petrology of the Richardson Radioactive Deposit, Wilberforce,
Ontario. Bull. 23. Geol. Surv. Canada.
1952.
Stauffer, C. R. : The Coral Microcyclus
and some of its Devonian Species. Bull.
24, Geol. Surv. Canada, 1952.
Rocznik Polskiego Towarzaystaw Geologi ·cznego. Vol. 21, Fasc. 2.
The Science J<eports of the S3itama
University Ser. B. Vol. I. No. 2. 1953.
Kumamoto Journal of Science. Ser. B(Biology & Geology). No. 2. 1953.
Durham, J. W.: Cenozoic Marine Cli·
mates of the Pacific Coast. Bull. C:reol.
Soc. Amer. Vol. 16. pp. 1243-64, 1950.
Durham. ). W. : Early Tertiary Marine
Faunas and Continental Drift. Amer.
Jour. Sci., Vol. 2SO, 1952.
Durham, ]. W. : Not AstrodasPsis inJapan. Jour. Paleont. Vol. 26, No. 5,
1952.

996. Durham, J. W. : Scutellaster and Anoroscutum. Jour. Paleont. Vol. 27, Ni:>. 1.
pp. 124.1-M, 1950.
997. Lutz, G. C.: The Sob~ante Sandstone.
Bull. Dept. Gt'ol. Sci .. Univ. California
Pub! .. Vol. 28, No. 13, pp. 367-406.
998. :i!:.mmf.;#flr.c"f.$~~ Ser. IV. Vol. VIII,
No. 1. 19-18.
999. Ibid., Vol. VIII. No. 2. 1952.

HAYASAKA, I.: Hamletella, a New Permian Brachiopod Genus

2

PLATE 95

KuMANo, Photo.

Explanation of Plate 9
Figs. 1, 2, 1a, 2a. Hamletella kitakamiensis nov. sp.
1, dorsal view to show a narrow but prominent pseudo-deltidium, a pair of rather longcruras, marginal fiattening of dorsal valve, and so forth.
2, ventral view showing a pair of delthyrial supporting-plates.
1a is enlarged twice natural size to compare with the similarly magnified StrePtorhynchus
altissimus LICHAREW, fig. 3.
2a is magnified two times in order to show the development of the delthyrial supporting·plates more distinctly.
Fig. 3. StrePtorhynchus altissimus Lic HAREW, reproduced from LicHAREW's paper, 1932, forcomparison with the Ja panese species Hamletella kitakamiensis, fig. 1a.
Figs. 4, 5. Hamletella alta (HAMLET), reproduced from HAMLET's treatise, 1928.
4, dorsal view.
5, areal view.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 12, pp. 97-102, Pl. 10, 1 text-fig., Dec. 10. 1953

240.

A FIND OF PSEUDASPIDOCERAS FROM HOKKAIDO, JAPAN(Studies on the Cretaceous Ammonites from Hokkaido
and Saghalien-II)*
TATSURO MATSUMOTO
Department of Geology, Kyushu Universily.

&
WATARU HASHThfOTO
Consulting geologist at Otaru, llokkaido.

~~itt$ it! J: ll Pseudaspidoceras O'J 'ffi Q. : i'fj fi!1111 Mammitinae .!:: Vascoceratidae 1: l;t.JW.'i•l¥(7·1-:t.) glp)Zto:::_~v·~:. a;.f'lo:::l;t!Jc~t.::J: IJ Mammiles sp. ~:fa-t!.'t"~l-. Fagesia kotoi »:;fd~~n 'k. J.:!~Ht f.fl';-c:~ <> oA,[fl]:lt#fili1if~blll~m!ll*~1fh·~~~l1Uf'Fcr..>~lfltJ· ;, 1\fammitinae to:::,lli;-t'o PseudasPidoceras ll•, flt>·11l!ltc:V:~J!:!tl.'k.UJ'C:, -l:UJll'al{<:m£lfllft~~.:::cto:::'fl{f<>o CO'JtUJI;tV£~b.fl.:td!Jiflt•l• P. salmurieme CoURTI!.I.ER 'I" P. annatum PERVI!'>QUJl£RE Ki![(tl.fC'll:, -l:.fl.
b J: !J UfiiUJ'ld~ll'-t<~k-v· L, ftJIJUJij)JUJ:))-:~irn~Wih•!Av• 0 Vt,IJ ..->.'.'.i,"t:f;t. f[J.fl[tf€ P.fooleanum(STOI.ICZKA) to:: 11'1 o )'):, k ./1-l;l:'~)f} CIY'I; ;11: II• )'): :,tl; L \, 'o fiE-? "C H'i"f»: 'I""''= :of~ tilll't:f;l: ~ ~: o, ffrfi!J.!:~ l:. ~. P. somchiense 0') ,r, a: ·'1·~ k n c. VJV/1)1!!. i.t ~JJ!!.to::: *'It 0 .J·.!'IIljj?. iJ/iiHltfUJ'F$1<: mlli L.. )ii]
-JFT}tV:to:::iR!~n+t~· ;, Mesopuzosia pacifica lVL\TSUMOTO MS, M. yubarense (JIMno). bzoceramus hobetseiiSiS NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, /11. i11Ce1111s }!MilO 2:jl€L. ¥9 -1'- fr*'tJ·.~mO'J~ b <.lt*XIYnflf:~o::: :3 ~ o f,E-:::>-c :9Hi<J-C:UJ*fiil UJ.imlf! (:'Eto:::-~~ Turonian) .!: Wo\l:JilMI""t:~ o o~*it~· HH: IT

sp. and Fagesia kotoi Y ABE were listed
respectively as the representatives ofthe Mammitinae and Vascoceratidae,
but the designated species were notcommon. The 7.0ne was said to contain
three species referable to Romanicerasof the subfamily Acanthoceratinae.
Superjacent to the "Mammites zone"
the " Yezoites beds" (at first called the
Scaplzites'M+ beds) and "Parapachydiscus"
beds were established by the sameauthor.
Many geologists in the Cretaceousarea of Japan have since sought in vain
for fossils belonging to the genus Mam·
mites. In reality the subfamily Mam·

From the literatures which the writers
have ever examined the ammonites
belonging to the subfamily Mammitinae(HYATT, 1900) and Vascoceratidae (H.
DouviLLE, 1911) are very common in
the Cretaceous Mediterranean region or
the so-called Tethys Sea. In Japan a
Mammites zone was once established by
H. YABE (1909, 1927) at the lowest
horizon of the "Upper Ammonites beds"of Hokkaido. However only Mammiles* Read Dec. 6, 1952; received March 12. 1953.
-. The names Scaphites and At~apnchydiscus
are preferable in the present state of ourknowledge.
97

98

Tatsuro MATSirMoTo and Wataru HAS!IlMOTO

mitinae is very scarce in the Japaneseprovince. Through the biostratigraphical research on the Cretaceous of thestandard area in Hokkaido and Saghalien T. MATSUMoTo (1942-43) made it
clear that ScaPhites or " Yezoites" hasa relatively wide str.1tigraphical range,sometimes together with Romatzicerasand sometimes together with Barmisice1·as or even with Kossmaticeras. l-Ie
established instead the zone of Inoceramus /wbetse11sis and the superjacentzone of Inoceramus uwojimensis. The
characteristic ammonites in the former
are Tragodesmoce1·oides subcostatus MATSUMOTo and Romaniceras spp. while
those in the latter nrc Kossmaticeras
theobaldiallttm Kossl\IAT and Damesites
damesi (J 1MBo) which first appeared here
but ranges further upwards. Scaphites
spp., Scalarites spp. and Anagaudryceras
limatum YARE are common to bothzones. The former represents the upper
Gyliakian stage, approximate correlativeof the Turonian and the latter the
lower Urakawan stage, approximate
correlative of the Coniacian.
In T. MATSUMOTo's collection JI.Iammites has not b:!en detected but a few
specimens of Fagesia were identified.
He reported Fagesia tltevestensis PERON
from Division lie (ct') of the Abeshinai
district, Tcshio Province, Hokkaido (T.
MATSUMoTo 1942-43). This horizon is
the lower part of the upper Gyliakian.
Upon reexamination of the original
specimen of I-1. YADE (1903), MATSIIMOTo, furthermore, arrived at the conclusion that Fagesia koloi YABE is very
probably a synonym of Fagesia tllcvesle11sts PERn:f'E-. The specimen was collected from a pebble from the Yubaririver, Ishilmri Province, Hokkaido, so its* A similar opinion was already presented by
PERV INIJUII~Im (1907)

exact horizon in the field is hardly
determined. In the meanwhile three
species of Fagesia were reported by
F. M. ANDERsoN (1931) from the middle
Chico beds (i. c. the Turonian equivalent) in the Pacific coastal region of
North America.
When W. HAsHI'\IOTo was in 19!ilengaged in the geological survey of the
Yamabe-Kanayama district, Sorachi-gun,Ishikari Province, Hokkaido, he fortunately found another mammitid, which
seemed quite new to Japan. It wassent to T. MATSUMOTo for the detailed
identification. The same locality andits neighbourhood were revisited by thetwo authors together with Mr. K. FUJIIof Kyushu University in summer 195:.!.
Although further material of the same
species was not obtained on this occasion
the horizon from which the fossil occurred was determined with confidence.
As the general geology of the districtis to be reported as an explanation text
for geological map, Sheet Yamabe inscale 1: 50,000, only the essential facts
relating to the occurrence of th~ fossil
under consideration will be given here.
The Cretaceous strata in this district
are intensely folded and nearly verticalor steeply inclined with a gener<1l trendof N-S. The fossil was collected fromthe mudstone exposed on the left sideof the Sorachi below the Shimo·Kanaymna bridge. The continuous outcrop
is conventionally called No. KY 301 andis subdivided into beds a to f as is illustrated in fig. 1. The fossil was actuallyfound in KY 30lb. The outcroppingrock is the black mudstone of about
40 m. thick. Although many calcareous
nodules are contained in the mudston~.
fossils are not well preserved. Howeverlarge puzosiid ammonites referable to
Mesopuzosia yubarense (JIMun) em. andA find of PseudasjJidoceras from Hokkaido, Japan

99

0

~

Cl.

::l

0

"'a:

1-

a:

...

Ul

oc oc ~

'\\
¥.

w<.!>

Ul

Cl.
Cl.O

:E

::JN

w

':1:.

>-

"'

0

...... .......

.._·- . ..._.

-- ·- ·---·-.

z ~<~----+--------

w

...J

8
~

AfesoPuzosia pacifica

MATSUJ\IOTO

MS*,

immature specimens of the first species,
Inoceramus hobetsensis NAGAo and MATSU:>.toTo and l11oceramus itzcertus J IMBo

* A monograph of the Puzosidae in Hokkaido
and Saghalien is now in preparation andwill be published in the near future.

100

Tatsuro MATSUMOTO and Wataru HASIII!\IOTO

have been collected throughout thewhole thickness. The mudstone in thenortheastern part of the exposure issomewhat sandy with sandy laminae
intercalated.
After an interruption by the rivergravel of the Sorachi the strata areexposed again at loc. KY 9 on the rightside of the Sorachi about 150m. below
the mouth of the tributary Nishitap.
The exposure presents a continuous
section totaJling 70 m. in thickness, ofwhich the western half consists ofmudstone rich in calcareous nodules andthe eastern half mudstone and sandstone
in frequent alternation. The western
mudstone contains sporadically bzoceramus cfr. lwbetsensis NAGAo and MA·
TSUMoTo, Inoceramus i7zcerftts ]1:-.rno anda large form of J'vfesopuzosia yubarense(JIMBo) em., while the eastern mudstoneinterbedded with sandstone has a fossiliferous bed rich in Inoceramus incertus ]IMBo. Among the variable formsof Inoceramus incerlus ]II\mo there is
one which resembles quite well Inoceramus labiatus ScHLOTIIEIM, a worldwide guide fossil to the lower Turonian.
The western mudstone of the second
locality is situated just on the northern
extension from the mudstone of the first
locality. The surface of the interbedded
sandstone is provided with markings
which suggest that the eastern side wasoriginally lower. The detailed geological survey by HASHIMoTo has succeeded
to prove that the exposed part underdiscussion is situated near the axial
part of an isoclinal syr.cline. Somewhat
eastward at a locality along the Nishi·
tap-zawa a large form of Inoceramus
Jwbetsensis NAGAo and MATSUMoTo wascollected. Thus the fossiliferous part
under discussion is referable to thelower part of the Upper Yezo group*
and in date belongs to the upper

Gyliakian-probably the earlier portion.
As will be described in detail below,
the fossil in question is referred to thegenus Psettdaspidoceras HYATT, whichis intimately related to ]}fammites andbelongs to the Mammitinae. This genus
is known from the lower Turonian of
Tunis and southeastern part of France,
the Utatur group of Southern India**,
lower Turonion equivalent of Egypt,
Syria and Portugal, and the Turonianof Madagascar and Brazil (Province ofSergipe) being one of the characteristic
elements in the Mediterranean region
and its extended area. Late Dr. S.
SHIMIZU (1935) listed Pseudaspidoceras
aff. armatttm PERVINQUIERE from theCretaceous of the Naibuchi valley, South
Saghalien, but he did not describe or
illustrate the specimen. Although thespecimen at their disposal is not in
perfect state of preservation, the writers
believe that its occurrence deserves
reporting.
Briefly the find of Pseudaspidoceras
from the Cretaceous deposits of Hokkaido, Japan is interesting in that the fossil
offers positive evidence of international correlation and of paleogeograph·ical relations which have been suggested
already on other grounds, namely thatthe lower part of the lower Gyliakian,in which Pseudaspidoceras was foundand bwce1·mmes · iucertus ]Il\mo is com·
* In accordance with the stratigraphical no·
menclature Upper Ammonite group wasrevised as Upper Yezo group. (see T. i\'IATSU:\IOTo 1951)** The Indian speci!'s PseudasPidoceras foote.
OtiUtn (STOI.ICZKA) is Slid to have been
derived from the Cenomanian part of the
Utatur group, while most of other forms
in Europ?, Africa. and Syria occur in theTuronian, and espe~ially in Europ~ thelower Turonian.

101

A find of Pseudaspidoceras from Hokkaido. Japanmon, is most probably correlated to thelower Turonian*. In this substage theimmigrants of some Mammitinae andVascoceratidae from the Tethys region
to the Pacific realm are found in thenorthern Pacific region.
Before entering further the writers
wish to record a debt (,f gratitude to
Mr. C. W. WRIGHT in London for hiskindness of reading the typescript andgiving them good criticisms.
Systematic Description
Order Ammonitidea DE HAA;-; 1825
Family Acanthoceratidae
DE

GROSSOUVRE 1894

~ubfamily l\'Iammitinae HYATT 1900

Genus Pseudaspidoceras HYATT 1903
(genotype Ammonites footeanus(Br.Al"FORD l'viS) STol.ICZKA.

1865)

Pseudaspidoceras sorachiense MATSUMoToand HASIILMOTO, n. sp.
Pl. 10. figs. la, bwhorl-section, and widely separated ribsin the living chamber. (In the last half
volution there are 8 ribs while thepreceding part is a little more frequently costate.) The tub!'rcles on th~ ribs
consists of a nodose one situated on the
inner half of flank but no~ at the umbilical shoulder, a ventro-lateral one,
prominent and with spirally elongatedbase, and an external one situat'='d near
the median line of the venter. The
tubercles of the last rib are obsolete.
The wide intcrspaces of ribs are \veakly
ornamented with num~rous striae anda few subcostae of unequal strength.
Ribs and striae run radially on flankand show a gentle backward curvature
on venter, suggesting a shallow hyponomic sinus. Suture-line acanthoceratoid(the detailed pattern is not yet precisely
known owing to unfavorable preseavation). The water-worn internal mouldof the phragmocone presents a pseudokeel which suggests a relatively strong
siphuncle.
Type :-Sp. Reg. No. GK. H 4023, deposited at the Department of Geology,
Kyushu University. This is the holotype.

J\tleasurements :Material :-A single internal mould.of an outer whorl, somewhat deformed
secondarily. Inner whorls invisible owing to unfavorable preservation.
SPecific diagnosis :-A species of
Pseudaspidoceras characterized by acomparatively large size for the genus,
slow increase of whorl-size with growth,little overlap of whorls, compressed* The problem of international correlation as
to tht.> Cretaceous of Japan was discussed
more comprehensively by T. MATSUMOTO(1942-43) and will be found in a monographto be published in the near future. (T.
MATSU:\IOTO and othen. The Cretaceous
System in the Japanese lolands, in preparation.)(wich an approximate estimation of the some·what deformed part.) (mm.)
Diameter
180

82 (45.5%)

Height of whorl
50±Bre;,dth of whorl
30± (?)

U nhilicus

Remarks: -The observable part ofthe shell resembles in general aspect
Pseudaspidoce1·as armatzem PER\'IC'QUIERE(PERVI:\QUIERE 1907, p. 317, Pl. XIX,
figs.

2-4), Ps. footeanzem(STot.ICZKA 1865, p. 101,

(SToLiczKA)

Pl. LII, figs. 1,
2) and Ps. salmuriense CouRTTL!.ER withvariety byzacenica PERVINQUIERE (CoUR·TILLER 1867, p. 6, Pl. VI, figs. 1-4, inaccessible to the writers ; PERV II' QUI ERE
1907, p 314, Pl. XIX, fig. 1).

102

TatsurJ MATSUMOTO and Wataru HASHIMOTO

In the ornamentation the present form
is very .similar to the first species, ·but
it is slower in growth, somewhat ·larger,
and provided with wider umbilicus andmuch compressed whorl.
The second species, which occurredgeographically nearer to Japan thanother ·two species, ·is far more different
from the present species in its narrower
umbilicus, much more rapid increase ofwhorls with growth, somewhat depressedand coronate whorl, and the position of
the inner row of tubercle at the umbilical shoulder.
The third species is the most similar
to the present species in its size andshell-form,--wideumbilicus,
littleoverlap of whorls, and compressed whorlsection. In the present form the increaseof whorl is still slower than in the third
species. Furthermore, the ribs. on theliving chamber of the Japanese species
are more widely separated than thoseof Ps. salmuriense and Ps. armatum.
In this respect the present form resembles Ps. footeanum. Interruption of ribs
between the inner and ventro-lateral
tubercles, which is found in adult shellof Ps. salmurie1zse var. byzacenica
PERVIKQUII,RE is not found in the present form.
From all these reasons the writers
are inclined to separate the present
form as a new species, although thematerial is somewhat unfavorable inpreservation.

Locality and horizon :-Loc. KY 30lb,
25 m. downstream below the ShimoKanayama Bridge, on th-:! left side of
the Sorachi river, Minami-furano-mura,
Sorachi-gun, Ishikari Province, Hokkaido ; Lat. 43'12' N, long. 142°25' E. (Coil.
by W. HAsHIMoTo, 1951). The lower
part of the Upper Yezo group in this

district; the Upper Gyliakian.

References
BASSE. E. (1937 et 194{)), Les Cephalopodescnh:~ces des Massifs cotier:> Syriens l et1!, Note et Me:n. Haul-Commissariat de
Ia Repub/ique Fram;aise ctz Syrie et au
Liban. Tome 2, pp. 165-200, 4 pis, Tome3, pp. 4-11-471. 9 pis.

CoURTII.LER (1867). Les ammonites du tuf·
feau. Annates Soc. Linneem1e de Maine-~t­
Loire, Angers, vol. 9. (inaccessible in
Jap:m).
HYATT, A. (1903), Pseudoceratites of theCretaceous. kfotzogr. U. S. Geol. Surv.
XL!V.

MATSUMOTO. T. (1942-43), Fundamentals in
the Cretaceous stratigraphy of Japan.
Parts 1-llL Mem. Foe. Sci. Kyushu Univ.,
Ser. D. vol. 1, no. 3 and vol. 2. no. 1.
- - (1951), The Yezo group and the Kwan·
mon group (in Japanese with English
abstract). ]our. Ceo/. Soc. ]aPatz. vol.
57, 110. 666, pp. 95-98.
PERVIN<JUJERE. L. (1907), Etude de Paleontologie Tunisienne. I Cephatopodes desTerrains secotzdaires. Paris.
SJIJMIZU, S. (1935), The upper Cretaceous
Cephalopods of Japan, Part I. ]our.
Shan~:hai Sci. bJSt., Sec. ll. vol. 1, pp.
159-226.

STOLICZKA, F. (1865), The fossil cephalopodaof the Cretaceous rocks of Southern India.
Ammonoidea. Pal. India. Ser. I, val. 1,
pp. 40-216.
YAnE, H. (1903-4>. Cret:lceous Cephalop:>dafrom the Hokkaido, Parts I and II. ]our.
Coli. Sci. Tokyo Univ. vol. 18 and 20.
- - (1909). Zur Stratigraphie u. Palaeon·
tologie von Hokkaido und Sachalin.
Zeitsch. Deutsch. Gcol. Ges. Rd. LX!, pp.
--402·444.
(1927).

Cretaceous stratigraphy of theJapanese Islands. Sci. RePorts Tolzoku
Unit•., Second Scr. vo!. XI, tzo. 1, pp. 27100.

WHITE, C. A. (1887-88), Contribucoes a
Paleontologia BraziL Archives de !Museu ·nacional Rio de ]cmeiro, vol. 7. (inaccessibll' in Japan)

MATsuMoTo, T. & HAsHIMoTo, W.: Pseudaspidoceras from Hokkaido

P LATE 10

Explanation of Plat e 10
Fig. 1 a,b. PseudasPidoceras sorachiense MATSUMOTO and HASHIMOTO n. sp.
Lateral and frontal views, x 1.
Sp. Reg. No. GK. H4023, Lac. KY301b, Shimo-Kanayama, Sorachi-g un, Ishikari Province.
Hokkaido. x 1. (C. UEKI Photo.)Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S .. No. 12. pp. 103-110, Pl. 11, 3 text-figs., Dec. 15, 1953

•'

241,.

NEW BOULTONIA AND OTHER MICROFOSSILS ·FROMNORTH THAILAND (SIAM).*To the Memory of the late Mr. Ichiro YnsHIMUJ<A
KENJI KONISHI
Geological Institute. University of Tokyo~t,~r -11~

Bou/lonia.1l;ft£<7.>~ftTt:

Jl!!.'i't!¥:_1:.<7.>itff:D;zLv· ~ <0 .tn:v· <> tz-{•

1! "-"'"Ei!l!'4mil£t::oor o 'tiJin :•.u L -c. tkat{-1'!~ ~ ±t~::ft. ;:r -1, ~-{ * =-- :~::;+fl. "':/ ~· :/ ~& ... -{ fltffi<T.>-7i)1(tfJ; !1:J::R!na.t~k.'ltJI· (spergenite) rJrtt:~'!no:.tifR~ llili (Epimastopora) ~t'i.lt.!U 5 hii( Boul/o11ia. Okclaella. Triticifes. Rugosofusulina JJ. U. Schwagerina) a: ~t& L, ~ 4'l i.'i:*»· r, ),;) ;fi/'X.'(} ( ·~ -1 {i/'x,\'~ .': ~·f- ~) i.- =~*U ¥JJJtll cf.))'ijfp1U: Mtll! L1.:o Epimastopora li !I'.MW.!f:A~lltl.-:i.:b· b.
Boi•Ifonia ~ I 1~ t cf.)lljfffimiA:JI!..': l'.ttJ· G. jf.;1~t1: ll ;r;tR <o *N'ffl a: lfi,V<=i'itl-M!V> 11it.:UHfo0t]·i'fl~=A few micrqfossils from the BurmoTai borderland are described here withthe hope of their being an addition to
the meager knowledge on the geologyof the terrain. The material was procured by l\(r. Yosllll\IURA at a locality
near Pai, Bandon Prov., Mayphongson
Pref., North Tai, ca. 110 km. NW of M.
]ien Hmai, and it was sent to Professor
KonAYASIII, University of Tokyo, together·with a geologic route map. (See Textfigs. 1-2.)
Here the writer expresses his mostsincere thanks to Professor T. KoBAYASHI for his encouragement and supervision in this study and to Professor J.
H. JoHNSON, Colorado School of Mines,
for his inva~uable advices on the studyof algae. This paper is dedicated to thelate Mr. Ichiro Ynsllll\!URA for his
memory.
Among several reports on the " PermoCarboniferous " faunas of Burma andT<\i; there are a ·few dealing with

* Read Feb. 9, 1952; received March 26, 1953
103

fusulines.
From "Kyuanktang limestone" or "lime·stone series of the Moulmcin group" on ahill near Therabwin, Tenasserim, NoETI.ING(1893) has described Schwagcrina oldhami, sp.
nov.. with Lo11sdaleia salinaria WAAC:. et
WENTZ. and various other fossils. As de·scribed and itlustrated is only its external ap·
pearance, it is difficult to give :my adequate
comment.
The writer. however. contends
that the fauna must be Permian rather than
Carboniferous; because Sclrwagerina in the oldsense has been reclassified into several Permian
genera. Truly, NoETI.ING compared S. oldhami
with Schzvageritla ( = Verbcekina) verbzeki as
an aJtied species. It may be a .further proofof this contention that L. salinaria ( = lVelrlzef.
el/a timorica; MINATo, 19·H) occurs with S.
o/dhami.
•• Fusulina e/ongata " and other Permian
fossils are rep::~rted from several localities inNorth Shan States by LA ToUCHE (1913).
It app2ars to the writer to be quit£> probablethat some of them, :~t the least, belong to
Polydicxodina.
In a bowlder from :~n ~quivalcpt (?) of the
Pawa limestone in North Tai, collected near
Bandara by HEll\! and IIIRSC.:III. DUNBAR

104

Kenji KoNism(1939) found Neoschwageri11a
craticuli{era, Verbeekhza verbeeki, Pseudofusulilza (=Schwagerina ?) douvillei, and Suma·
trilla a11nae. They as a wholeindicate the Zone of Verbeekitla-Neoschwagcriua.
Subsequently ToRIY AMA(1942)
clescribed
Pseudoschwagerina lurbida K. et K.,
P. laie11sis, sp. nov., P. (?) sp.,and Fusuli11ella ( = Schuberlella?) cfr. chaoi, from Zone of
Pseudoschwagerina near Pan
Doi Hoato and Ban Ai, about
80 km. NNE of M. Jien Hmai.

Finally,
Holosporella
siamensis PIA (1930), a
Triassic
dasycladacea,
from Kamawkala limestone on the Thaungyin
River, is the sole fossil
calcareous alga, so far
known from this region.
YosHIMURA made thegeologic observations along
the route in Text-fig. 2,
as follows.

Text-fig. 1. Locality map.

A; Pai limestone: a; fossil locality in TORIY AMA(1942) & MINATO (19,U): b; fossil localitY in PIA( 1930): c; one of the fossil localities in LA ToUCHE(1913): B; Bandara: Ch; Chieng·m'li: L: L:unp~on:
M; Moulrnein: P; Pai: R; Rangoon: T: T:mnggyi.

4. Gravel bed (Holocene)----~~unconformity - --------------

3.

" Mepai group " ( Alternation of conglomerate, sandstone, and slate.
Conglomerate- d isconformity - - -Reddish conglomerate--unconformity

2.

Alternation of sandstone and slat<:>, with intercalations of lenses of limestone.
chert, and reddish marl.

1. Pai limestone fonnation (Permian)

New Boulto11ia and Other Microfossils from North Thailand (Siam).

105

Beside them, there are biotite-Augengneiss and mica-schist; the Pai limestone
formation thrusts itself upon the 2 andthe 3 formations ; the 2 formation is in·truded by " porphyritic biotite-granite".
Among 30 thin sections from the Pai
limestone 15 are labelled by KoBAYASHI
as 123K (1-15), 7 124Ka (1-3, 5-8).
and 8 124Kb (1-8), all containing
microfossils abundantly. Ten species
distinguished in them are tabulated in
the next page.
As clearly shown in the table, threegroups of sections contain an identicalfaunule. Although there is no Pseudoschwagerine in the collection, the fossil
assemblage belongs probably to the Zoneof Pseudosclzwagerina. It may be also
noticeable that the faunule is related to
the Early Permian ones in South China
as shown in association of Schwageritta
cfr. kueiclzouensis (CHEN) and Triticites

trzmcatus CuEN.
Finally, the Pai limestone reveals
spergenitic texture. It comprises shellfragments of brachiopods and gastropods, bryozoans, and stem-joints ofcrinoids, beside ooliths and microfossils.
(Figs. 13 & 19)

Text-fig. 2. YOSIIIMURA's geologic routemap near the l'ai limestone.
bG11-biotite-Augen-gnciss;Sell-mica·
schist;PG-porphyritic
granite; q-p quartz-porphyry ; ell-chert with limestonelenses; Pss-Palacozoic sand!;tone; Pss/Palaeozoic sandstone & slate; AfePai GrouP;Is brec-limestonc breccia; Gravel.
( 300000 ; 1).
Point m in the map is ca. 60 km. NW of
Wenlzelella locality discovered by NAITO.
( Wenlzelel/a locality is the summit of thepass between Ban Doi Hoato and Ban Ai,
ca. 80 km. NNE of M. }ien Hmai).
(TORIYAMA, 1942; p. 243).

Kenji KoNISHI

106

123K 1124Ka

Plate 11I

16-18 & 19c.

I

124Kb

r

EPimastoPora yoshimurai. sp. nov.
Cribrogeneri11a aff. vermiculata LANGE
Tetrataxis sp.
Bou/lonia truncata, sp. nov.
B. sp.
Oketaella sp.
Triticites spp. indet.
Rugosofusulina sp. indet.
Scltwagerilw cfr. kueichouwsis (CHEN)
Schwageritza sp. indet.

*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Fi~s.

*
*
*
*
*

-

Not illustr.
Net illustr.
Figs. 1-8

-

-

-

"'
*

*
-

?

?

*

-

*

I

Figs. 9 & 19a.
Fi~. 10
Figs. 11. 12. 13a & 19b.
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 13b

Description of Microfossils

Epimastopora yoshimurai, sp. nov.

Genus Epimastopora PIA, 1922

Figs. 1'3-18 and 19c.

The genus has been· reported to occur
iri Europe (GoRTANI, 1906; PIA, 1922 &'37), U.S. A. (JoHNSON, 1946), and Japan(ENoo, 1951), in the range from Middle
Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian (Wolfcampian). A new species of Pai is not
an exception, in so far as the age canbe judged from its associates.

!11aterial: About 23 small fragmentsIS from 123K, 3 from 124Ka, and 5 from
124Kb-in fossiliferous limestone nearPai, North Tai.
Description: Fragments of thallus mostly long, narrow and straight, generally
1-3 mm. in length and 0.35-0.55mm. inwidth. Branches slender, 0.013-0.033mm.

0.01

0.03

0,05

0.07

0.09

0.11

0.13

0.15

Oi.1mckr

"'

xfl

k
~J

lntf'rV;JISof

Brauchl'S

Diamete-r

~r

of

~--C

l'or"'

Distance
between

-

T

Pores

Text·fig. 3. Comparison of E. yoshimurai (y) with the species pre·viously described. k: E. kaiiSasensis: j ; E. jewetti: r; E. regularis: A; E.
sp. A JoHNSON : B; E. sp. B JoHNS.: C; E. sp. C JoHNS. : J ; E. japonica.

New Boullonia and Other Microfossils from North Thailand (Siam).

in-diameter, or b.25 mm. on an averageand somewhat irregularly spaced withintervals of 0.054:...0.090 mn1. Surface ofthallus perforated by elliptical outlets
of tubular pores which are closely andirregularly spaced.' Diameter and dis·
tance of the pores strongly variable,
respectively in the range from 0.015 (?)
to 0.060 mm. and from 0.015 to 0.050mm,
Branches of different orders indistin·
guishable; sporangium and entire thallus unknown.
Compariso11: As show11 in Text-fig. 3,
E. yoshimurai has more slender branches than ·any other species of thegenus.
Cotypes: PP7202: slides; 123K 6-7, and124Kb 3.
Genus Boultouia LEE, 1927

Boullouia truncala, sp. nov.
Figs. 1-8

Material: 3 axial, 2 tangential, 3.eccentric axial, 2 sagittal, 2 parallel, andsome oblique sections.
Description: Shell very minute, fusiform; volutions sharply pointed at poles
except the last one with' abruptly truncated poles; axis of coiling straight.
Mature specimens composed of 5 to 5 1/2
volutions, 0.77 to 1.00 mm. in lengthand 0.25 to 0.40 mm. in width; form
ratio of the last volution 2.41 to 2.95.
Coiling axis of 2 or 3 juvenile volutions,forming a large angle, apparently perpendicular, with the main axis of outer
volutions. Proloculus very small, spherical, having an outside diameter of
0.037 mm. Height of chambers in 4
volutions, in the third to the sixth are
0.0198, 0.0291, 0.0398, and 0.0558 in themean between two specimens. Spiro·
theca very thin, structureless, and lessthan 0.015 mm. Septa exceedingly thin,thinner than wall, widely spaced andabout twenty in number in the last
volution ; septal fluting fairly regular
and uniform throughout the shell, but
the wave of fluting does not exceed the
mid-height of each cl}amber. Tunnel
narrow ; chomata asymmetrical and distinct in the last one or two volutions.
Comparison: Judging from the above·
mentioned characters, the species may
be related to Boultonia or Codotto·/usiella most closely. It is tentatively
referred to the former, because no
uncoiled whorl as characteristically seenin gerontic stage of the latter genus isrecognizable (THol\trsoN, 1948; THoMPSON & VERVILLE, 1950; THoMPSON,WHEELER & DANNER, 1950). The following species have been referred to thetwo genera.

Original generic reference
cascadensis, Boullonia THOMPSON, WHEELER et DANNER, 1950
- cylindrica, Boultonia CHEN, 19:M-adu/felli, Codonofusiella THOMPSON, WHEELER et DANNER. 1950
gracilis, Schel/wicnia OZAWA, 1927
nama, 'Codono/usiella ERK, 1942
Paradoxica, Coilonofusiella DUNBAR ct SKINNER,
rawi, Boultonia LEE, 1927
wil/si, Boultonia LEE, 1927
:CodotiO/usiella? sp. A THoMPSON et VERWLLE, 1950
~~~-

*)

----

-

107

Present generic reference
Boullot~ia

Schubertel/a or Boultonia
Codonofusiella
Boultonia ?
*)Codonofusiella (genotype)
Wedekindel/ina'
Bou/tonia (genotype)
Codonofusiclla or lloultonia-

Neither description nor illustration of the species is accessible to the writer.

108

Kenji KoNISlll

The species from Tai differs from
Sc/zellwietzia gracilis as well as Codotzofusiel/a? sp. A. TnoMPSON et VERVILLE
in size. B. trzmcata is distinguishable
from B. cylindrica by its stronger septal
fluting and thinner spirotheca, and fromB. cascadensis by its more slender outline of shell and polar truncation of thelast whorl.
Cotypes : PF7203 ; slides , 123K 5-8, 12,& l4, 124I<a 6 & 8, and 124Kb 1.

0.365 mm. in width and composed of 3
volutions; outside diameter of proloculus
0.083 mm. Spirotheca in the three volutions 0.0142, 0.0185, and 0.0232 mm. inthickness. Illustrated specimen is encrusted by an oolith of 1.034 mm. in
longer diameter.
This is closest to the genotypic Oketaella fryei from the Wolfcampian,though they are specifically distinct.
Slides: 123K 6 and 124Ka 3.

Bottltonia sp.

Genus Triticites GIRTY, 1904

Figs. 9 and 19a.

Triticites spp. indet.

There are three extraordinarily elongate boultonians in the collection. They
have sharply pointed poles on the lastwhorl and their form ratios are 4.07,
4.31, and 4.73. Length, 1.40 to 1.65 mm. ;width, 0.33 to 0.38 mm.
This form is different from the preceding in form ratio, although they are
similar in spirothecal structure, distinct
chomata, and relatively intense septal
fluting. In the slender shape, Sclzellwienia ( =Bou/to11ia ?) gracilis OzAwA(1927; pp. 83-84, pl. VII, figs. 5-6) is theclosest to it but they are not identicalwith each other. Because it is associatedwith B. trzmcata, occurs less commonly,
and is much larger and more elongate,
it is not improbable that B. sp. is the
microspheric form of B. trzmcata, although no axial section is unfortunately
found in the collection.
Slides : 123K6-8.

Figs. 11, 12, 13a, and 19b.

Genus Oketaella TuoMPSON, 1951

Oketael/a sp.
Fig. 10

One axial and one oblique cross sec·
tions at hand. Shell 0.963 mm. in length,

Because all specimens referable to thegenus are represented by oblique sections, any specific identification cannot
be made. It is, however, quite probablethat the one (Fig. 19b) may be identifiable with T. trttncatus from the Mapin
limestone of Kwansi and the Swine
limestone of Chekiang (CHEN, 1934-b).
Slides: 124Ka 5 (Fig. 11) and 123 K4,
6 (Fig. 19b), 7, & 8.
Genus Rugosofusulilla RAusERCnERNousov A, 1937

Rugosofusrelina sp.
Fig. 14

A fusuline in a somewhat obliquely
eccentric but near-axial section from
124Kb belongs to the genus, because of
its undulated outline, rugosity of spirotheca, and irregularly and highly fluted
septa. Length, 2.150 mm. ; width, 0.946
mm. ; number of volutions 5 1/2. Rugosofusulina (?) sp. DuNBAR et MiscH(1947) is quite similar to the form,
though· the former is larger.
Slide: 124Kb 7.

New Boultonia and Other Microfossils from North Thailand (Siam).

Genus Schwagerina MoLLER, 1877 em.
THOMPSON, 1948

Schwagerina cfr. kueichouensis (CHEN)
Fig. 15
Cfr. 1934 Triticites kueichouensis CHEN ;Pa/aeont. Sinica, vo!. IV, fasc. 2, pp. 42-43.
pl. V, fig. 16 ( l i ?)This is represented by 1 axial, a few
cross and some oblique sections. This
form closely resembles Sclzwagerina
kueichouenst's originally referred to Triticites by CHEN. His specimen was
obtained from the Chihsia limestone but
the Siamese form may be a little older.
Length, 4.66i mm. ; width, 2.398 mm. ;number of volutions, 5 1/2. Diameterof proloculus, 0.174 mm.; thickness of
spirotheca from the first to the fifth
volutions 0.016, 0.034, 0.067, 0.100, and
0.131 mm.
Cotypes: PF7204, slt'des, 123K 5 & 9.
Schwagerina sp. indet.
Fig. 13b.

An eccentric axial section, specificallydistinct from the preceding by having an
elliptic outline the median part of whichis flattened, and by having more regularly and deeply fluted septa. Slide:
124Ka 8.

References
CHEN, S. (1934-a): Fusulinidae of the Huang·lung and Maping limestone, Kwansi.
Mem. Nat. Res. Jnst. Ceo/. no. XIV, pp.
33·54.
- - , (1934-b): Fusulinidae of South China.
pt. 1. Palaeont. Sinica, vo/. 1 V, fasc. 2,
pp. 7-133.
CHIBBER, D. H. L. (1934) : The Geology of

109

Burma. McGraw Hill Co.
CREDNER, W. (1934): Siam, Das· Land derTai.

DUNBAR, C. 0. in HElM, A. & HIRSCHI, H.
(1939) : A Section of the Mountain
Ranges of North-western Siam. Eclog.
Ceo/. Ile/v., vol. 32. pp. 1-16, Pl. I- - & MISCH, P. (1947): Fusuline-Bearing
Permian Rocks of Northwestern Yunnan.
Bull. Ceo/. Soc. Chi1w, vol. XXVll, pp.
101-110.
& SKINNER, ). W. (1938): fermian
Fusulinidae of Texas. Bull. Univ. Texas
3701. pp. 517-825.
GoRTANI, M. (1906): Contribuzioni allo studiodel Paleozoico Carnico. I. La fauna per·mocarbonifera del Col Mezzodi presso
Fc.-rni Avoltri. Pa/aeontogr. ltalica, vo/.
XII, pp. 1-84.
]OH~>;SoN, ]. H. (1946): Lime·secreting Algae
from the Pennsylvanian and Permian of
Kansas. Bull. Ceo!. Soc. Amer., vol. 57,
pp. 1087-1120.
LA ToUCHE, T. H. D. (1913): Geology of theNorthern Shan States. Mem. Geol. Surv.
India, vol. 39, Pt. 2, pp. 1-379.
LEE, ]. S. ( 1927): Fusulindae of North China.
Palaeont. Sinica, vo/. JV, fasc. 1, pp. 1123.
MINATO, M. (1944): An Occurrence ofWentze/el/a subtimorica in Northern Tai.
Proc. Jmp. Acad. Tokyo. vol. XX. pp.
104-106.
NoETLING, F. (1893): Carboniferous Fossils
from Tenasserim. Rec. Geo/. Surv. btdia,
vo/. 26, pt. 3, pp. 96-100.
OZAWA, Y. (1927): Some Carboniferous Fossils collected in Manchuria and Korea.
1aPa11. 1our. Geo/. Geogr., vo/. 5, 110. 3,
pp. 77-93.
PIA, ]. (1922): Einige Ergebnisse neuerer
Untersuchungen iiber die Geschichte derSiphoneae verticillatae. Zeitschr. i11dukt.
Abstammu11g.· Vererbtmg. vol. 30, pp. 6398.
- - , (1930): Upper Triassic fossils fromthe Burmo·Siamese frontier.
A new
Dasycladacea. HolosPore/la siamensis nov.
gen .. nov. sp., with a description of theallied genus Acicu/ella PIA. Rec. Ceo/.

110

Kenji KoNISHI

Surv. India, vol. 93.· pp. 177·181.
PiA, J. ( 1937): Die wichtigsten Kalkalgen desJungpaliiozoikums und ihre geologische
Bedeutung. Compt. rend: 2e Congr. l!lud.
Stratigr. carb. 1935, vol. 2, pp. 765-856.
TIIOMI'SON, M.L. (194Sj; Studies of American
Fusulinids. Paleonl. Conlrb. Univ. Kansas.
(Protozoa 1)- - , (1951): New Genera of Fusulinid Fora_minifera. Conlrb. CUSHMAN Found. Forom.
Resear.. vol. II. Pl. 4, pp. 115-119.
& VERVILLE, G. ]. (1950): Cache-Creek·Fusulinids from Kamloops. British Columbia. Co11trb. CUSIIMAN Found. Foram.
Resear., vol. I, pts. 3-4, pp. 67-70.

THOMI'SON.,M. L., ·Wue~r.ER, H. E. & DAI:'f·
NER, W. R. (1950):. Middle and Upper
Permian Fusulinids' .of Wa9hington andBritish Columbia. · Co11trb. · Cusu MAN
Found. Fomm. Resc~;.. ·val. I, Pis. 3-4,
pp. 46-63.
ToRIYAMA, R. (19·~2); On Some Fusulinids
from North Tai. f aPan. f oum. Ceo/.
Geogr.. Vol. 19, 11os. 1-4, pp. 243-248.
Wooo, A. ~1942): The Algal Nature of thegenus KoninckoPora LEE ; its occurrencein Canada and Western Europe. Quart.
]oum. Gcol. Sdc. London, vol. XCVIJ/,
pp. 205-222.

Explanation of Plate 11.
Figs. 1-8. !Joultmzia fl'lmcata KoNJSIII, sp. nov........
.. ...................................... p. 107
Fig. 1. Imperfect axial section showing the truncation of the last whorl, see also in· Figs.· 4& 5. ( x 4.0); Figs. 2 & 3. Axial sections. The latter showing that the coiling axes of inner
volutions are app'll'ently p~rp;mdicular to those of outer ones. ( x 20); Fig. 4. Eccentric.axial
section. ( x 10): Fig. 5. Same section as in Fig. 4. ( x 20); Fig. 6. llnpcrfect nt>:~r-axial section. ( x 20); Fig. 7. Sagittal section of a specimen at the center of an oolith. ( x 40);
Fig. 8. Oblique crC\ss·section app'lrentiY resembling Codollo/usiclla. ( x 40)
Figs. 9 & 19a. Boulto11ia sp ........................................................................... ·............. p. 108
Fig. 9. Tangential section having an extraordinarily elong:tte outline. ( x 40); Fig. t9a. Samesection. (x 10)
.
'
·
.
,.
Fig. 10. Oketaefla sp ........................ ~· ........................................... , .. .'............................ p. 108
Axial section of a specimen as a nucleus of an oolith. ( x40)
Figs. 11; 12. 13a, and 19b. Triticiles spp. .. .................................................................... p. 108
Fig. ·11. Oblique S.'!Ction; Fig. 12. Sagittal section; Fig. 13a. Eccentric axial section;
Fig. 19b. Axial section of. Triticitcs tnmcalus CHE~? ( x 10)
Fig. 13b. Sclnval[trilla sp. indet. ... ...... ......... ........ ............ ........
.. .................. p. 109
Eccentric axial section ( x 10)
Fig. 14. Rugosoj11Stt/i11a sp. ............ ...... ..... ...... ...
.. ................................................ p. 108
Near-axial section ( x 10)
Fig. 15. Schwageri11a cfr. kueichouensis (CHEN) ............................................................... p. 109
Somewhat oblique axial section ( x 10)
Figs. 16-18, & 19c. EpimastoPora yoshimurai l<ONISHI, sp. nov ........................................ p. 106
Fig .. 16. Tangential section: Fig. 17. Axial section; Fig, 18. Axial section ; Fig. 19c.
Oblique. section (all x 10)
Figs. ·13 l$z 19. Detritus of 1Jlicro- ;1nd mega-fossils together with ooliths forming sperg~nitic
texture. . ..................................................................................... , ....... , ......... , .............. p. 105

KoNISHI, K.: Microfossils from North Thailand (Siam)

C. UEKI, Photo.

PLATE 11

Announcement
The Pliocene and Later Faunas from the Kwanto Region in Japan( 49 Plates and 68 Pages)

just published as Number 2 of Special Papers of the Society.
This includes the illustrations of the following papers by the lateProf. M. YoKOYAMA in addition to emendation of identification
checked by Dr. I. TAKI and Mr. K. OYAMA.
Climatic Change in Japan since the Pliocene Epoch (1911).
Fossils from the Miura Peninsula and its Immediate North (1920).
Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa (1922).
Mollusca from the Coral-bed of Awa (1924).
Mollusca from the Upper Musashino of Tokyo and its Suburbs (1927).
Mollusca from the Upper Musashino of Western Shimosa and SouthernMusashi (1927).

Foreign subscribers (1951-'52) free; foreign non-subscribers US $3.00
Domestic subscribers ¥ 900.00; domestic non-subscribers Y 1,000.00(Mailing charges inclusive in all cases)
Orders to be addressed to

the Palaeontological Society of Japan
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.

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7*tA~~m~ lffi ijJit III (25) 3403 fi:~tf 1=1 JM)ft>i( 109140 •CONSTITUTION
of the
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ARTICLE 10. Patrons shall be selected individuals or organizations who give special support to theobjectives of the Society.
ARTICLE 11. Honorary members shall be persons of distinguished achievement in palaeontology.
The council shall nominate honorary members for decision by the general meeting.
ARTICLE 12. Applicants for mcmber~hip to the Society shall submit their full name, mailing ad·
dress, date of birth, occupation, and name of school from which they graduated.

Dues
ARTICLE 13. Rates for annual dues of the Society shall be decided during the general meeting.
Annual dues for regular members is Yen 400.00 (domestic members) and U.S. $2.00 (foreign
members). Patrons are individuals or organizations donating more than Yen 10,000.00 annually. Honorary members arc fr"e from oblig<~tions.
ARTICLE 14. The Society income shall be from membership dues and bestowals.
ARTICLE 15. The Society shall have one chairman, fifteen councillors, and several business council·
lors, whose term of office shall be two years. They may be re·elected.

Addendum
ARTICLE 1. There shall be four business councillors for the present.
ARTICLE 2. The Society journal shall be issued three times a year for the present.