Introduction『人類学研究所 研究論集』第号（２０２１）

Research Papers of the Anthropological Institute Vol.10 (2021)

10

Concerning Editing and Publication
Miyako TAKAMURA*Ⅰ

Introduction

residents. Therefore, this project focused on wisdom
for living with natural disasters cope with AsianThis is a final report of the 4th Internationalization
Promotion Project of Anthropological Institute,
Nanzan University, “Wisdom for living with Natural
Disasters” (2018-2020 academic year in Japan). This
project is composed of Asian Anthropologists that
focused on Natural Disaster in Asia.

anthropologists to reconsider the traditional wisdomof local society in living with nature.

Ⅱ Contents of the
Project

The objective of this project is to seek the role

The goal of this project is to create a networkof anthropology study on today’s human societyof Asian anthropologists to establish a hub ofproblems by establishing anthropologists andanthropological institute in Asia.

folklorists network in Asia. Also, by this method,

Most of all Anthropologists in Asia studied

the Anthropological Institute of Nanzan University

anthropology originated in Europe. Whenever they

can be a hub of the anthropological study network

teach anthropology in their own country, the method

in Asia, and the result of this project can be a bigof teaching should be adjusted according to thecontribution internationally.

country’s philosophy, culture, economy, nature orThis project has 2 main features. The first featuretechnology situations etc. This project aims to discuss

is to discuss how Asian anthropologist can contributehow the anthropological studies originated in Europe

in today’s social problems caused by Natural Disaster,

can affect the study of local society in Asia.

in cooperation with all related researcher, institute,

The local wisdom has been developed throughstakeholder and working on anthropological studies

living with natural disasters or calamities; onin Asia, despite of the fact that anthropology was

the other hand, we can say that those wisdoms

established in Europe.

were developed according to the place, time, type

Another feature is to reconsider anthropologicalof calamity, type of social impact etc. When thestudies as practical arts studies. Since the Great East

concern is about natural disaster or any calamity, weJapan Disaster occurred in 2011, the recovery and theshould not consider only scientific method or new

prevention from disaster became the priority subject.

technology to reconstruct, it should concern also the

But it is said that recovery measures using scienceinterdisciplinary field of several academic subjects

and technology does not consider the social life ofand practical immediate effects, because people*Nanzan University

2Institute, Nanzan
University

who face destructive circumstance found that evennatural science or technology can not cover to solve
destructive circumstances problems. Therefore, it isnecessary to make a recovery plan or rehabilitation

the rehabilitation plan focused only on science and2015(1) Visited Philippines, India, Miyagi area

technology and not considering the society’s culture,2016(2) Public Symposium “Hand Work and Recovery

residents and focus to reconstruct and develop their
new life after the calamity. In fact, after the Great

which was expected by the residents. Therefore, thefrom Disaster”

residents could not accept it and the rehabilitation(3) Group Discussion “Recovery from Disaster inwere not executed as intended.

East Asia and Anthropology”

In response to the social impact as mentioned(4) Visited Indonesia

above, the project of the Anthropological Institute of(5) Workshop about Disaster Museum.

Nanzan University has started. On the first project,(6) International Symposium at Nanzan University

it was concluded that the hidden and vulnerable“Disaster and the Role of the Anthropologist :problems on the affected area would come up

Efforts in Asian Countries”

gradually after the calamity occurred, although2017(7) Public Symposium Construction of Anthropologist

just after the calamity occurred, the science andNetwork forwarding to Locality Anthropology”

technology which produced or planned by the(8) Public Symposium “Continuing Discussion on

government worked out well. For example, in Asia

the Great East Japan Earthquake: Report fromthe calamity like earthquake, tsunami, typhoon,

the Miyagi Prefecture Disaster-Strike Area”

flood, volcanic eruptions and those calamities
occurs anywhere several times in a year. But the(9) Visited Miyagi area

occurred. And also the disaster-strike area should be

3-2 The 4th Internationalization
Promotion
Project of Nanzan
University(2018~2020)

considered for a long period time, not only for few

2018 (1) Published Research Paper of the Anthropologicalcultures, works of residents and type of calamity
are all different. Therefore, rehabilitation should
be considered according to the place where it

years.

Institute the No.4 and No.5.

With those previous results, this 4th project of(2) Visited University of the Philippines andanthropological Institute of Nanzan will focus on the

Disaster area in Philippines

theme of “Wisdom for living with Natural Disasters”(3) Public Symposium “Wisdom for living withand consider how local society had created those

Natural Disaster: Recovery from Disaster andwisdoms with anthropological points of view.

Occupation Changing”

Ⅲ Accomplishment ofInternationalization
Promotion Projectof Anthropological2019(4) Publish Booklet 5 “Continuing Discussion on
the Great East Japan Earthquake: Reportfrom the Miyagi Prefecture Disaster Area”(5) Visited Miyagi area(6) International Public Symposium at Universityof the Philippines: Wisdom for living with
Natural Disasters-Initiatives of Local
3

Concerning Editing and Publication

East Japan Earthquake (2011) occurred, it is said that

3-1 The 3rd Internationalization
Promotion Project ofNanzan University(2015~2017)by considering social life, culture and identity of the『人類学研究所 研究論集』第号（２０２１）

Research Papers of the Anthropological Institute Vol.10 (2021)

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Residents in Response to Changes in their

the visitation in Leyte, Samar and Tubabao Islands,

Society-

we learned that Catholic Church accepted victims,

2020 (7) Published Research Paper of the Anthropologicalhealed and consoled bereaved families and people’s

Institute: Wisdom for living with Naturalmind. On the other hand, at Tubabao Island, people

Disasters

teach elementary school students about the natural
disasters and how to protect themselves.

3-3 Details of the 4thProjectof Nanzan University
from 2018~2020

According to our inspection tour in the areas wevisited, we can say that habitants at disaster-strickenarea don’t just depend on government support, butthey make effort to protect their own area and create

The 1st year 2018

their own plan to reconstruct their life and educate(1)Conducted meeting at University of the Philippines

people to live with natural disaster.

as a preparation for 2019 International
Symposium.

(2) The 3rd Public Symposium in Japan ofDate2018 October 4-10

Visiting Place

University of the Philippines

Anthropological Institute, Nanzan University

Diliman, Leyte Normal University
VisitorDate

2018.12.23 Sunday 13:00~18:00

Theme“Wisdom for living with Natural
Disaster : Recovery from Disaster

The person in charge of thisand Changes of Occupation”

project
Visited

Leyte island, Samar island,

AvenueNanzan University Q103

disaster-

Tubabao island and Mt. Pinatubo

strickenarea in Luzon island

Host

Anthropological Institute, Nanzan
University

areas[Details][Program]

Visited Professor Cynthia Neri Zayas at Universityof the Philippines, Center of International studies andGreetings(Anthropological Institute, Nanzan

Professor Jude Duarte at Leyte Normal University
for a meeting on the International Symposium on
2019. To understand the life of living with Natural

University）
Introduction

island, Tubabao Island where were hit by Typhoon
Yolanda in 2013.
Before the Pinatubo eruption, Aeta people used tolive in the mountains. We studied how Aeta people
try to go back to the mountains to continue their wayof life. They have been trying to construct the newroad on the mountains covered with volcanic ash.
Aeta people needed to maintain their traditional life,
but the government’s strategy is not for them to live

Miyako TAKAMURA(Anthropological Institute, Nanzan

Disaster in Philippines, we visited the Aeta residents
hit by Mt. Pinatubo eruption and Leyte island, Samar

Shinya WATANABE

University）
Presentation“Present and History of strategy of

Waju for Flood”
Etsuko SHIMOMOTO(Nihon Fukushi University)“Reconstruct town for new Tourism
after the Earthquake in Nepal on2015 –Case study of P area at Patan,
Nepal ”Ai TAKEUCHI(Japan Society for the Promotion ofback to in the mountains. So, Aeta people prepared to

Science Research Fellow / Nanzan

go back home in the mountain by themselves. About

University)4

“Disaster at Tsunami Occurring
Area, Reconstruction of Local work

Etsuko SHIMOMOTO described the history of Waju

and Area changes”

circulated by embankment that protects from flood

Shigeru HAYAMA

disaster in flood prone area of Kiso River in Japan.

(National Museum of Japanese

Ai TAKEUCHI reported the case study in Nepal
about trying to reconstruct the earthquake damage“Over heated Sea Cucumber

on April 2015. Before this calamity occurred, there

Fishing –Expansion and Contraction

was a women’s organization called Misa Putsa, thisin Indian Ocean on 2004–”
Yuki SUZUKI(Kokushikan University)
Shuichi KAWASHIMA,
International Research Institute ofDisaster Science Tohoku University
Akira GOTO
(Anthropological Institute, Nanzan
University）
Discussion[Object of symposium]organization accepted the strategy of creating New
Traditional Town for tourism, they had dance trainings
on it. Therefore, local women voluntarily committed
themselves on it to recover the town and promote
tourism on the town.
Shigeru HAYAMA analyzed some postcard lettersfound at the historical house talking about the changesof Sanriku area in Tohoku Japan where used to be
attacked by tsunami. According to the analyzation, thearea where tsunami occurred many times historically,
the local work had been reorganized every 30 to 50
years.

This symposium discusses the role of Anthropology

Yuuki SUZUKI presented the living strategy

focusing on initiatives of re-establishing jobs afterof Morken people in Indonesia who are fisherman

the disaster, how support-organization will affect theand change the fishing cost area in response to thedisaster area, cases of flood in Gifu on Waju Kiso River

environmental changes.

in Japan, Tsunami in Kisenuma Japan, Earthquake in
Nepal, Tsunami in Andaman area.

At discussion time, we had questions and commentsfrom attendants, especially the scientific knowledge,

Since Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 occurred,

the existence of community, the reference material, therehabilitation support systems have been organizedchanges of local resident’s works, the consideration dueby the government, volunteer group and mass media

to the government strategy response to environment

etc. The method of rehabilitation is to cope with thechanges.

government, volunteer with considering the local people,

It was found that there are differences in “quality”

local work, local culture, local tradition and modern

and “quantity” due to the type of disaster, therefore,science. On the other hand, it has been criticized that

it is necessary to analyze each disaster cases, but not

the rehabilitation with science had been facilitatedanalyze all disaster as same calamity.

which residents were not expected. But people haveOn the other hand, referring to the role ofbeen struggling with natural disasters from long time

anthropology, it was discussed that anthropologist

ago, so local residents must have the knowledge on how

need to continue to study for long period withto cope or live with natural disaster.

anthropological approach, but not only temporary

Therefore, this symposium will discuss how the

research for rehabilitation. Because, the life styles haveorganization like government, NPO, NGO can affect

not been changed in response to disaster only, it would

the disaster area with the practical supports, the local

be changed even before the disaster. Therefore, it was

knowledge and the modern science on anthropologicaldeclared that anthropologist needed to do long period ofviewpoints.

research not only after the disaster occurred.
5

Concerning Editing and Publication

History)of Diving space after the Tsunami

Comments[Details]

The 2nd year 2019(3)Published “Jinruiken Booklet” 5 in Japanese and

Host

Anthropological Institute,EnglishNanzan University with the kindcooperation and support of the

Public symposium of “Continuing Discussion oncenter for International Studies,

the Great East Japan Earthquake: Report from

Diliman.

October 2017 at Nanzan University- .
[Program]“Talking about Disaster as a Taxi
Driver”

2019/10/5

Keiya Sakurai

Greetings

Akira GOTO

(Sendai Central Taxi, Driver)(Nanzan University),“What We Learned from the Disaster

Cynthia Neri ZAYAS(Center for International Studies,and How to Protect Our Lives”

University of the Philippines)

Kōichi Sakarai(Tourism Bureau Association ofIntroduction

Natori City, Board of Director of

10

号（２０２１）

Research Papers of the Anthropological Institute Vol.10 (2021)『人類学研究所 研究論集』第University of the Philippines

the Miyagi Prefecture Disaster Area” held on 1st

Lecturers

Hosted and organized by the

Miyako TAKAMURA(Nanzan University)

Harbor Marketing Cooperative
Association of Yuriage)〈Session 1:“Folk Beliefs as Resource“Learning

Management”

fromDisaster”〉(4)Visited disaster area in Miyagi

Sarah RAYMUNDO(Center for International Studies,Date2019 March 10-12

University of the Philippines)

Visited Place

Sendai city and Natori city in“In kinship There is Security: Aeta

VisitorMiyagi Prefecture

Resilience in Times of Disasters”

The person in charge of this project

Cynthia Neri ZAYAS(Center for International Studies,[Details]

University of the Philippines)

We provided “Jinruiken Booklet 5” to who co-operated“LANAB: Beneficial, Dangerous, andour project and attended “Memorial Event of Yuriage

Destructive Flooding”

3.11 on 2019”. The event was held on at Primary andNorman KING

Junior High School of Yuriage that was attacked by(Pampanga Agricultural Statetsunami on 2011.

College)“Struggling to Fish：Marginalization(5)International Public Symposium at University of theand Communication in the FishingPhilippines
Theme

Villages of North Tamil Nadu in the
Post-Tsunami Period”

Wisdom for Living with Natural
Disasters. -Initiatives of Local

Gopalan RAVINDRAN

Residents in Response to Changes
in their SocietyDate

5-6, October 2019
(Saturday-Sunday)

Venue(University of Madras)
Comments

Akira GOTO

for session 1(Anthropological Institute, Nanzan
University)

The University Hotel seminar

Discussion

room “Patio Annex”, University of
the Philippines Diliman

62019/10/6〈Session 2:
Initiative for
Rehabilitation
by LocalResidents or“Disaster Culture on ‘Waju ’”Etsuko SHIMOMOTO(Nihon Fukushi University)“Catastrophic Disaster Causing
Separation of Culture and Loss ofHistory：Museum Activities by
University Students for ”Build Back
Better” of Local Culture”
Koji KATO(Musashino Art University)“The Roles of Women's Self-Help
Organizations in the Process of Civil
Reconstruction after the April 2015
Nepal Earthquake”
Ai TAKEUCHI

local people on affected areas through some cases in
Philippines, Indonesia, India, Nepal and Japan.
For the cases of the Philippines, Cynthia NeriZAYAS, Sarah RAYMUNDO, Norman KING and
Wataru KUSAKA did the presentations. Cynthia NeriZAYAS, Sarah RAYMUNDO, Norman KING discussed
the conflict between the government and local resident
who lives in the affected areas of Mt. Pinatubo Eruption
in 1991. Wataru KUSAKA discussed how the life of
the residence in Leyte island changes in response to
discontinuing the coconut tree farming affected theirlives after the tsunami in 2004.
Gopalan RAVINDRAN pointed the distress offishermen after the 2004 tsunami disaster which is said
to be a man-made disaster.

(Research Fellowship for Young

Etsuko SHIMOMOTO discussed the culture of Waju

Scientists of Japan Society forsurrounding the embankment on Kiso rivers where

the Promotion of Science/Nanzan
University)“Community Responses to Climate
Change and Land Subsidence：The
Cases from Probolinggo, East Jawa
and Tambak Lorok, Semarang,

flood used to occur and the local knowledge against
flood, and how residents and government used to cope
up together.
Koji KATO argued on how tsunami affected
residents caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake

Central Jawa, Indonesia

in Tohoku area Japan 2011 are working on to re-

Dedi ADHURI

establish their life by themselves.

(Indonesian Institute of Sciences)“Disaster, Discipline, Drugs andDuterte：Transformation of

Ai TAKEUCHI mentioned how the establishedfinancial support activities for women on lower positionin the society affects the re-construction and re-Moral Subjectivities in Coconut

establishing the lives of the 2015 Nepal earthquake

Communities, Leyte”

victims.

Wataru KUSAKA

Dedi ADHURI discussed bout how residents accept(Nagoya University)

the new technique against the changes of weather andComments

Cynthia Neri ZAYAS

ground subsidence in Indonesia.

for session 2(Center for International Studies,
University of the Philippines)

Discussion

In short, this symposium discussed the conflicts
between the government and local organization,
introduced concrete initiatives of residents in attacked
area how they cooperate or negotiate for rehabilitation

2019/10/7

from natural disaster.

Field Trip on Pampanga in Northern Luzon Island,
Philippines[Details]
The symposium discussed how the disaster victims(6) Closed Lecture as Internationalization Project“Wisdom living with Natural Disaster” of
Anthropological Institute, Nanzan University

7

Concerning Editing and Publication

Community〉

cooperates with the organizations especially theThemePresenter『人類学研究所 研究論集』第号（２０２１）

Research Papers of the Anthropological Institute Vol.10 (2021)

10“smart city” projects (which seek to “beautify” beaches)

Marginalization, Communication,
Everyday Lives andcoastal roads and unsustainable development projects

Empowerment of Coastal

are doing far more greater damage to the coastal

Subalterncommunities livelihoods and everyday life contexts than

Gopalan Ravindran

what the natural disaster such as Tsunami did during(Madras Univsity)

2004.
This closed lecture would enlighten the participants

Date

8. March 2020

Venue

Q5 room Nanzan UniversityTime

14:00~16:00

Host

Anthropological Institute, Nanzan

about the relative characteristics and impact of “manmade disasters” such as the projects mentioned above
and the natural disasters like Tsunami. The centuries

University
Co-sponsor

old rights and relationships coastal communities
with their land and sea are being snatched away or

Faculty of Humanity, Nanzan
University

subverted by several mega projects in the name ofdevelopment. There are strong and well articulated[Object]

campaigns by the coastal communities to either

Humans have been living with nature, so thestop or minimize the social, cultural and livelihood

knowledge of living with nature has been created. On

damages these projects entail. Communication is one

the other hand, due to the development of science, thekey parameter of both marginalization and its counter

native knowledge has been marginalized, and sciencesite of empowerment. This workshop would focus on

has been prioritized. This fact can be considered as

the communication contexts of marginalization andthe relationship of man-made disaster. Today’s closed

empowerment to provide a unique perspective. This

lecture will reconsider local knowledge living withunique perspective is strengthened by the use ofnature, due to the fact of destruction of the environment

the “everyday lives” frame works that are native toby the project of “Development” in Subaltern Southboth classical and contemporary research studies inIndia.

anthropology, sociology and communication.

[Abstract]

In short, the lecture leverages the information

Coastal subaltern communities which kept thegathered through field works since 2016 by the author

meeting of people and cultures from afar for several

to engage with the issues of marginalization and thecenturies during the earlier phases of globalization areattendant modes of communication and empowerment

faced with major and minor threats to their livelihoods,

strategies employed by fishermen and their community

cultural and social practices for the past four decades

leaders to bring about a change in the everyday lives of(1980-2020). In this period, interestingly covers both

members of coastal subaltern communities.

the pre-globalization and globalization eras of thecontemporary kind.
The intervention of a major natural disaster Tsunami

Ⅳ Conclusionof 2004 on a massive negative scale has both accelerated

Etsuko SHIMOMOTO (Nihon Fukushi University)

the pace of marginalization of the coastal communities

mentioned how Waju system works to prevent flood(which in the context of the workshop refer to bothdisaster and is still important although Waju culture

traditional and non-traditional fishermen) and provided

became nostalgic as old wisdom and discussed that thisnew modes of engagements in their everyday lives.

system should be reconsidered when thinking about theThis workshop focuses on the south Indian state of

future of the people living in Waju who don’t know theTamil Nadu.

culture of Waju .

The construction of mega ports, industrial plants,
8

Ai TAKEUCHI (JSPS Researcher PD) mentioned therole of women’s self-help organization in reconstruction

initiatives and stakeholders and their relationship on

in Nepal. The organization was established to help

each place where disaster occurred.

women, but it is developed and devoted to reconstruct
the life of the earthquake victim in 2015 throughThanks
We would like to give thanks to the presenter,can be said that there were self–help organization forcommentators, all concerned people who did cooperated

women, that is why the re-construction organization

with this project, especially professors and staff of

was organized just after the earthquake, and it is a

the University of the Philippines who accepted andvery helpful organization because all members knew

organized the holding of the international symposium.

each other.

References

Koji KATO (Musashino Art University) mentionedthat “Build Back Better” project established after
the Great East Japan Earthquake encourage thelocal residents to remain in the affected area and cancontribute in rescuing cultural property and ensuring

Kato, Koji.
2021

of Culture and Loss of History：Museum

local cultural rescue.

Activities by University Students for “Build

Gopalan RAVINDRAN (University of Madras)

Back Better” of Local Culture, Research

described the Marginalization, Communication,

Papers of the Anthropological Institute (10):how especially women make everyday lives and

50-57.

empowerment though seaweed harvest and saltpanning in coastal subaltern communities of south India.
Through all this symposium and article in thisInternationalization project of Anthropological Institute,

Ravindran, Gopalan.
2021

Subaltern Communities of South India,

Disasters”, we learned wisdoms were created throughResearch Papers of the Anthropologicalthe natural disaster in response to the type of disaster,Institute (10): 10-21.

time and place when it occurred. And according toand make a plan for rehabilitation. Without the local
wisdom, the rehabilitation plans will not satisfy the

Shimomoto, Etsuko.
2021

Institute (10): 34-49.

considered and respected by the government, NGO,
We can say that what affects people’s life is not justnatural disasters, but also illness disaster like covid-19,

Waju：Ethos for Water Use and Flood Control,
Research Papers of the Anthropologicalresidents. Therefore, the local’s initiatives should be
NPO etc., those stakeholders.

Marginalization, Communication, Everyday
Lives and Empowerment of Coastal

Nanzan University, “Wisdom for living with Natural

those local wisdoms, reconstruction should consider it

Catastrophic Disaster Causing Separation

Takeuchi, Ai.
2021

The Roles of Women’s Self-Help Organizationsin the Process of Civil Reconstruction after

AIDS, malaria, Ebola etc., and also economic disaster,

the April 2015 Nepal Earthquake, Research

political problems. Each disaster we face, we needed

Papers of the Anthropological Institute (10):to find away on how to recover from such disasters.

22-33.

On that time, we can say it is necessary to consider
the local wisdoms used by the people to recover andorganized, what is the most important on each place,not just follow those stakeholder’s suggestions.
This project shall continue to focus on the local
9

Concerning Editing and Publication

creating new tourism business. On the other hand, it