a -lt--~f.~~~-~-!~fTransactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 71

Palaeontological Society of japan
Sept. 30th, 1968

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

540.

MATSUO, Hidekuni and OMUR A, Kazuo.

On the Tae niopleris from the

Togadani Flora (Tedorian), at Togadani, Ishikawa Prefecture, Central
Japan .................. .. ...... ... ..... . .... .... ....................... 285
541.

AOKI, Naoaki.

Some Pleistocene Fish-otoliths from the Boso and Miura

Peninsulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
542.

NISHIDA, Shiro.
Island, Japan

543.

Coccolithophorids from the ChOjabaru Formation, Iki... ......... . ....................... ........ . . .. . ..... .. .. 308

MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and NODA, Masayuki.

An Interesting Species of

Ino ceramu s from the Upper Cretaceous of Kyushu . ..... ...... . . ...... . . 317
PROCEEDI NGS . ... .. .. . ....... . . ... . . .. ..... .. .... ..................... . . . . . .. 326

President : Kiyoshi AsANO
Councillors:

Kiyoshi ASANO (Editor of Fossils), Tetsuro HA AI (Editor of Transac-

tions and Proceedings), Wataru HASHIMOTO (Treasurer), Kotora l-IATAI, Ko·ichiro IcHIK AwA, Taro KANA y A, Kametoshi KANMERA, Teiichi KOBAYASHI,
Tamio KOTAKA, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO (Editor of Special Papers), Masao
MINATO, Hiroshi OzAKI (Pla nning), Tokio SH IKAMA (Membership), Tsugio
SHUTO, Fuyuji TAKA! (Chairman of Executive Councillor's Committee)
Secretaries:

Takashi HAMADA, Itaru HAYAMI, Yasuhide Iw ASAKI, Yokichi TAKA-YANAGIAll Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 71, pp. 285-295, pl. 29, Sept. 30, 1968

540.

ON THE TAENIOPTERIS FROM THE TOGADANI FLORA(TEDORIAN), AT TOGADANI, ISHIKAWA PREFECTURE
CENTRAL JAPAN*
HIDEKUNI MATSUO and KAZUO 6MURA
Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts,
Kanazawa University..;.. r·IJtJ•·..,. l-"'17:.--.ji'ri§-tili:JbJl\l\ (-'flfXMf) I::.~IJI',lt.: Taeniopteris 1::.·-:>1,,-c: :riJIIYi~TlfXJIIiAE:i)]l(O) Tl~X
MC{:iffll\)'o'cl:'li}f~~~~O) :;!(j:JtJ:l965 '.f'.}i, TiJII YM~ n 1'·J"f.~ 7 15-tlk~: l'!*~~ Lt.: Taeniopteris 2
Ht'cl:'¥1H5·"t;;)o .f:O)i'f10) T. vittata fi*:fi)O) Jurasso-Cretaceous !i'iNH:fiJ~fJJO).im/J',l.'m;;:, o ;: O)fiftiCOOI!.li L--c, 'f··JfXMfO);J,'lt 'd:'ili!-"""C lj.f.:tJ~. flf*O)=f-JfXMfllPJ::;s[l :/"" 7 *O)M/~ fi
w~ 'd:' u- .f: ~ t.J: f:l':n 1it.J: ~,t,J: ", c. .\!!. ?
~t.:, fJt*O)-'fWHu:JbJ~l\O)JiUIWi/\Rl.' ;I; ;;)'f<llxJIIiiiE:h.Jl(O)~.~:'llk/\i'iiC, 1'rk O)f/'liJJX:Ht c l""C
fi:;}(ft'cl:'t1.2.~;;:,::. c fiiiDI~t.J:Ir'ii', rfi/:J:: fJ -'ii7~. 1Jpf~. *Ii/ifO):=:ti1I~Jl\'f''d:'fi.2~ ;;)$tJ'ILBIE
0

~.

~

~%

~·:;!(

H-~

vittata BRONGNIART which has beenabundantly found in the Jurassic beds of
the Northern Hemisphere.
The former species very closely resemble Nilssoniopteris ova/is SAMYLINA
which was established by V.A. SAMYLINA
in the material from the lower Cretaceous
deposits in Siberia (1963 ; 89-90, XIX, fig.
5). It is very closely similar to T. rhitidorachis KRYSHTOFOVICH from the lower
Cretaceous bed at the Aldan River locality in 1963 (SAMYLINA: 93-94, XXII, figs.
3 and 4).
Thus, the Tedori Group (syn. Itoshiro
Group), by including these species, hasa reason to be believed that it occupies
an age between Jurassic and Cretaceous
although it has been regarded customarily
to represent the upper Jurassic age.
The writers wish to express theirsincere thanks to Dr. I. HAYASAKA for
his kind criticism and reading the manuscripts.

Introduction

One of these writers, K. 6MuRA, hasbeen engaged in the study of the Tedori**
Series (Tedorian) of the upper reachesof the Tedori-gawa, Inner side of Central
Japan. In the summer of 1965, he discovered two species of Taeniopteris at
Togadani. One of them is T. emarginata
6ISHI which was described by S. 6ISHI
in 1940 as a new species of the upper
Jurassic at Kuwajima. The other is T.

* Received Sept. 2, 1967; read Jan. 25, 1966
at Sendai.
** The Tedori-gawa is the traditional local
pronunciation, from which different geographical and geological names have been derived.
But in early scientific writings the phonetic'ally flat d seems to have been replaced by t,which measure has been in use ever sinceamong the people who are not particularly
concerned themselves about the traditions.
285

Hidekuni MATSUO and Kazuo OMURA

286

A Short History of the Tedori Series
H. Th. GEYLER (1877) described twelve
species and four varieties from the Kuwajima locality, where ]. ]. REIN in 1875
discovered abundant fossils. Dr. GEYLER
considered these plant fossils to be compared with the middle jurassic in Siberia.
At the Kuwajima locality, B. KoT6
(1880) collected some plant fossils, andthese species were examined by Dr. D.
BRAUNS, professor of the Tokyo Imperial
University in 1879-1882; they were foundto contain Podojamites, Asplenium argutum HEER, Thyrsopteris elongata GEYLER,
Adiantites, Taeniopteris solitaria PHILLIPS (Scolopendriites solitarius) and
Ginkgo sibirica HEER (after M. YOKOyAMA in 1889). Among those species,a)Geological Notes
These two Taeniopteris species werecollected by K. OMURA from the lower
part of the Kuwajima formation of theTedori Group at Togadani locality; thisGroup has long been known as a memberof the " Tetori Group " of the " Tetori
Series " and considered to be the sedimentary facies of the upper jurassic in
the Inner side of Central japan.
According to the present knowledge,the "Tetori Series" belongs to the jurassoCretaceous age.
Before entering into the text of ourstudy, the writers try a brief historicalsketch on the "Tetori Series".

Prefatory Explanations~ Akaiwa Sandstone Bed~ Kuwajima Alternate Bed~~~~~~ Gomijima Conglomerate~ Hida Gneiss[X] Plant fossil~ Tedori Fauna

1-1
k-....-1 Fault
Dyke

0_'==~-~~-~ldOOOm

Fig. 1. Route-map of the Togadani, upper reaches of the Tedori-gawa, Central Japan.
(Topographical map "lj50,000: Shiramine ") (O:MURA, K. : 1964)

540.

Taeniopteris from Togadani

Taeniopteris species was revised by M.
YOKOYAMA (1889), and was proved to be.a new species Nilssonia ozoana.
YoKOYAMA (1889) described 49 species
from the following sorces; collections of
B. KOTO (at Kuwajima, Yanagidani and·Oz6, in the upper reacnes of the Tedori_gawa), and of T. KoCHIBE (at Hakogase
in the upper reaches of Kuzuryil-gawa;287

at Tani, in the outskirts of Katsuyama
City; at Okamig6 and Ushimaru, in theupper reaches of Sh6-gawa). Having
studied on the collections of the Outerside of Southwest Japan, Dr. YoKOYAMA
established the "Tetori Series" as follows (1894 ; 212) :"-For convenience sake I propose thename of Ry6seki Series for all those strata
containing Younger Mesozoic plants in distinction to those containing Middle Jurassic
ones. For the latter I also suggest the name
Tetori Series, from the valley of the river
Tetori in Kaga, where they were first discovered".

In 1940, S. OISHI who summarized theMesozoic floras in Japan proposed threemajor floral divisions of our Mesozoic
rocks, as follows (1940; 168) :00 m

I. Dictyohpyllum Series (Up. TriassicMid. Jurassic)
II. Onychiopsis Series (Up. Jurassic-Low.
Cretaceous)
III. Angiosperm Series (Up. Cretaceous)And, the Onychiopsis Series he separated into three sub-divisions, namely (1940;
157):
0Upper .... (iii) Monobegawa Series
Middle .... ( ii) Ry6seki Series
Lower .... ( i ) Tetori Series

Prefatory Explanations

m00

Plant Fossils
Tedori Fauna[~tJif}ii] Sandstone bed~Alt. S.s. & Sh.
~Conglomerate bed~GneissFig. 2.

Columnar Section of the Tedori Group,at To!!adani. (OMURA, K.: 1964)

He considered that the " Tetori Series "in Central Honshu is the upper Jurassic
terrestrial deposits. His observation is
as follows (1940 ; 159) :"The Upper Jurassic terrestrial deposits(Tetori Series s. s.) in Central Honshu areextensively developed in lsikawa, Hukui,Gihu, and Toyama prefectures and rest on
the eroded surface of the Gneiss System bymeans of blended unconformity. The Jurassic complex is divisible into three beds, viz.,the lower or basal conglomerate, the middle
or fossiliferous beds and the upper or nonfossiliferous sandstones".

About these three divisions of theHidekuni MATSUO and Kazuo OMURA

288"Tetori Series", he commented as follows (1933 ; 619) :Upper .... Akaiwa sandstone Bed
Middle .... Kuwasima (local name is Kuwajima*) Bed
Lower .... Gomisima (local name is Gomijima*) Conglomerate Bed (Basal
Conglomerate Bed).

In 1949, R. UEDA, a student of the
Tohoku University discovered an unconformity relation between the Yanbara
conglomerate bed and Asahi bed, in the"Tetori Group" at Yanbara locality(1949 : MS. and R. UEDA & H. MATSUO :1950, 286).
S. MAEDA divided the "Tetori Group"
into two groups at Umagatani locality,
a tributary valley of the Ishidoshirogawa, as follows (1950; 286).
Upper .... Itoshiro (local name is Ishidashira or Itoshiro) Group
Lower .... Kuzuryu GroupIn 1951, S. MAEDA proposed to dividethe "Tetori Group " into three groups,
as follows (1951 ; 276) :Upper .... Betsuzandani Group (revised to
the Akaiwa Group in 1952, by-----------------* ]ima and Sima phonetic inflections of thesame word implying island.

s. MAEDA)
Middle .... ltoshiro Group
Lower .... Kuzuryu GroupIn 1952, S. MAEDA discovered a red
tuff layer and dicotyledonean leaves at
Omichidani, a branch stream of theTedori-gawa, and these characters wereshown in the uppermost layer of the
Akaiwa Group. S. ENDO and M. AMAJ'.;oexamined these dicotyledonean leaves.
Their -opinions agreed that these fossils
contain ·late Cretaceous elements, andthat they geological horizon of thoseelements tend to suggest their geologicalage to correspond to that of the Hakobuchi flora of Hetonian (the upper mostCretaceous age) in Hokkaido (1952; 173).
Concerning the Omichidani bed, H.
MATSUO is of opinion (1964) that it corresponds to the Sarao Bed of the Asuwa
Group (the lower part of the upper
Cretaceous).
In 1953, S. MAEDA discovered many
early Cretaceous molluscan shells at
Sugiyamadani, outskirts of Katsuyama
City, and he holds the view that the
Akaiwa bed is the lower Cretaceous in
age.
Taking all these into account, theTedori Area

Kuzuryu Area
1894-1940

S. MAEDA (1952)

M. KAWAI (1961)

H. MATSUO & K. O~·!URA (1965)

Mt
Myodani Formation{ IM2Myodani Bed]Uppoc~

Akaiwa Bed""~

Akaiwa Group
AAkaiwa Formation { 1"AI

Tetori
Group

·;;-

·;:::

:;;;:

0
'0

::l

<!)

.
{ Kuwajima
Oguchi .
Alternate Bed
FormatiOn Gomijima
Conglomerate
Bed

Itoshiro Group

Kuzuryu Group

I

Lower

E-<

~

Kuwajima Bed
Gomijima
Formation

540.

Taeniopteris from Togadani

writers have tried to summarize thestratigraphical succession of the Tedori
Series (Tedorian), and arrived at the·COnclusion as Table on front page.
Geological Notes of the Kuwajima
Formation
The Kuwajima formation conformably
overlies the Gomijima formation, which·shows the basal part of the Tedori Groupin the Tedori-gawa area.
This formation is ·divisible into two
horizons : the upper part contains two
sub-divisions of the Myodani bed (upper)
and the Akaiwa bed (lower).
The lower part of the Kuwajima formation consists of the alternation of micaceous sandstone and muddy shale layers.
The latter has the three floras (Togadani,
Kaga* and Benitaki floras) and brackish
Qr fresh water molluscan shells.
The Kaga flora contains many ferns
including Onychiopsis elongata, Cladophlebis exiliformis, etc.; primitive forms
Qf cycas Nilssonia orienta/is, N. nipponica
and N. kotoi ; of Ginkgoales Ginkgo sibirica and Ginkgoidium nathorsti; and indeterminate conifers Podozamites reinii,
P. lanceolatus, etc. These species havebeen usually considered to involve theplants of " Onychiopsis Series " by S.
6ISHI.
The layer with brackish molluscan
shells was discovered at a lower horizon
Qf the Kaga flora bed. This brackishfauna contains Liostrea ryosekiensis{KOBAYASHI and SUZUKI) HAY AMI, Astarte? sp., Tet01'ia yokoyamai KOBAYASHI& SuzuKI at ChugO. locality; and in the
Setono locality occurs some specimens
Qf Protocyprina naumanni (NEUMAYER)
HAY AMI, which is the characteristic ofb)* M. YoKOYAMA (1894; 201) used this name
Kaga flora, from the Kaga Province, where
he had first reported the upper Jurassic plantfossils at Kuwajima locality.

289

the lower Cretaceous in the Outer sideof Japan.
Then, the Kuwajima formation does
possibly belong to the lower Cretaceous,besides, its interfinger-relation with the
Akaiwa bed is doubtful: the latter bed
yielded many Lower Cretaceous freshwater molluscan shells at Sugiyamadani
locality as put on record by S. MAEDAin 1953, namely, of pelecypods Unio (Nippononaia) sp., Plicatounio sp. and Nakamuranaia chingshaensis (GRABAU) ; anda gastropod Viviparus (Sinotaia ?) keishoensis SuzuKI.
Geological Notes on the TaeniopterisSpecies
The genus Taeniopteris is an importantelement of the Mesophyta, according to
A. C. SEWARD (1919, 485) namely,c)"The genus Taeniopteris, though mostabundant in Rhaetic and Jurassic strata, occurs also in Upper Carboniferous and Lower
Permian rocks."

The species T. vittata is a characteristic
element of the Jurassic floras, however.
SEWARD's note is as follows (1919; 492) :"The simple leaves to which BRONGNIART
applied this name are characteristic of theInferior Oolite flora of England, and examplesof the same type are recorded from Jurassic
rocks of India, Poland, the Arctic regions,Japan, China, Australia and other countries.It is exceedingly difficult to use Taeniopterisleaves of this form as evidence in regard to
the Jurassic or Rhaetic age of plant-bearing
strata.

Now, the specimen of the Togadaniflora possibly belongs to the Jarassic
by reason of the existence of T. vittata,and then the Kuwajima formation should
be referred to the Jurassic. This result
contradicts against the molluscan evidence referred to above mentioned molluscan evidences.
It is considered plausible from the factHidek'nni MATSUO and Kazuo OMURA

290
Table 1.

Three floras in the Kuwajima Formation, the Tedori-gawa Area.

,-

Middle

Upper

Kaga

Benitaki**Equisetites ushimarensis (Yoi<oY AMA) OISHI**

Gleichenites nipponensis OISHI**

Coniopteris burejensis (ZALESSI<Y) SEWARD

*

*

c.

heeriana (Yoi<OY AMA) YABE

*

c.
c.

hymenophylloides (BRONGNIART) SEWARD

*

Flora
SpeciesMarchantites yabei KR YSHTOFOVICI-1

Lower------ -- Togadani

I

sp.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

'

Adiantites sewardi Y ABE
sp.

*

Sphenopteris (Ruffordia) geopperti DuNKER

s.

kochibeana (YoKOY A:\1A) OISHI*s.

nitidula (YOKOYAMA) OISHI*

Cladophlebis argutula (HEER)

c.
c.
c.
c.
c.
c.

*
*

Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YoKOYAMA

A.

I

*

denticu[ata (BRONGNIART)
distans (HEER) YABE
exiliformis (GEYLER) OISHI

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

isikawaensis OISIII*

kuwasimaensis OISHI*(Eboracia ?) lobifolia*(PHILLIPS) BRONGNIART

Cladophlebis triangularis OISHI*

Ctenis kaneharai YoKOYA!\tA*

Nilssonia kotoi (YoKOYAMA) OISHI

*

*

*

N.

nipponensis Yoi<oY A:\IA

*

*

*

N.

orienta/is HEER

*

*

*

*

*

*

Dictyozamites falcatus (MoRRis) OLDHAM
D.

reniformis 0ISIIID.

imamurae· OISHI

*

rr•

*

*

*

~

540.

-----

Taeniopteris from Togadani(Continued from Table 1)

-

- ---

Flora

SpeciesD.

Lower

MiddleUpper

Togadani

Kaga

Benitakikawasakii TATEIWA*

Otozamites klipsteinii (DuNKER) SEwARD

o.

291

*

endoi KIMURA*

Pseudocycas ? acutifolia OisHI*

Pseudocycas sp.

**

Pterophyllum lyellianum DuNKER?

*

Ginkgoites digitata (BRONGNIART) SEWARD**

sibirica (HEE) SEwARD**

Ginkgoidium nathorsti YoKOYAMA**

Szekanowskia rigida HEER*

? Elatocladus tennerima (FEISTMANTEL) SHANT*

G.

Podozamites lanceolatus (LINDLEY et HuTTON)
P.

*

reinii GEYLER

Taeniopteris emarginata OISHI
T.

vittata BRONGNIART

T.

richthofeni (SCHENK)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*
*
A

Togadani flora : Collections of H. MATsuo and K. OMURA in 1963-1965.
M. YoKoYAMA (1889 & 1894); S. Oisi-II (1933 & 1940) and H. MATsuo et
Kaga flora
K. OMARA in 1966.
S. OisHI (1933 & 1940) ; T. KIMURA (1958 & 1961) ; T. KIMURA et S. SEKIDO
Beni taki flora(1966) and H. MATsuo et K. OMURA in 1966.

just mentioned, to regard the Tedori
Group to occupy a horizon between theJurassic and the Cretaceous, namely
J urasso-Cretaceous horizon.
Furthermore, the species T. vittata-type
are reported from the upper Jurassic
coal mines of Southeast and North Manchuria by lliSHI (1935) and S. TOYAMA& S. lliSHI (1935).
Thus, the Taeniopteris vittata-bearing
Tedorian is a land facies formation ofa particular age in Far East.

Descriptions of two species ofTogadani Taenioptel"isa)On the Taeniopteris vittata BRONGNIART (plate 29; figs. 1, 1a & 1b)
The genus Taeniopteris was established A. BRONGNIART in 1828 (263""'265,
LXXXII, figs. 1'""4) and the species T.
vzttata, a characteristic simple leaf of theupper Jurassic of England, was compared by him with the pinnules of292

Hidekuni MATSUO and Kazuo OMURADanaea and Angiopteris. Diagnosis of
this species by A. C. SEW AD (1919 ; 492)
is as follows :"Leaf linear-lanceolate, reaching a lengthof more than 20 em. and a breadth of 3 em.
The lamina increases gradually in breadthfrom the base and tapers towards the apex.
Numerous secondary veins are given off atright angles from a broad midrib: the lateralveins may be simple or forked close to their
origin, near the margin, or in the intermediate
portion, of the lamina."

Togadani specimen consists of only asingle specimen at hand, which, lacks
apical and basal parts; but it shows abroad characteristic midrib of the very
species vittata. The specimen is 145 mm.
long ; the broadest part measures 22 mm.
and the narrowest part 14 mm. In otherfeatures the leaf is similar to thosementioned in SEWARD's note.
Discussion : Togadani specimen closely
resembles in shape T. vittata ? from the
Chalari-nor colliery in North Manchuria
mentioned by S. ToYAMA and S. OISHI(1935) and T. uwatokoi from the Tungning colliery in the western part ofManchuria by S. OISHI (1935). These
Manchurian materials were reported tobelong to the upper Jurassic strata by
s. OISHI.
The Siberian species T. rhitidorachis
KRYSHTOFOVICH was reported by SAMYLINA in 1963 from the Aldan River area.
According to her note, T. rhitidorachis
occurred from the lower Cretaceous
strata and was considered to be comparable with Nilssoniopteris ajarpokensis
HARRIS from the Cretaceous bed of
Scoreby Sound in Greenland. This Siberian species very closely resembles the
Togadani specimen; and the writers consider that the former should be groupedwith T. vittata.
Thus, the vertical distribution of T.
vittata is widened in range from theupper Jurassic to the lower Cretaceous.
b) On the Taeniopteris emarginata OISHI(plate 29; figs. 2 & 2a)This species was established by S.
OISHI in 1940 (XL VI, figs. 1rv3) on thematerial from the Kuwajima locality.
He remarked as follows (1940; 424) :" The present species also resembles Nilssonia orientalis HEER, but in this the lateralnerves are always simple. In all the specimens at hand the lamina shows the lateralattachment to the rachis in conformity withthe diagnosis of the genus Taeniopteris."

This species shows a very close resemblance to Nilssonia orientalis HEER,
namely, a characteristic shape of theleaves show elliptical and obovate outline
with notched apex and cordate base.
Its shape closely resembles Nilssoniopteris ovalis SAMYLINA from the Siberian
lower Cretaceous, but the slight depression on apex is shallower in the latterthan in the former.
The Togadani specimen is an incomplete impression, namely, the apex islost, but the cordate base shows a characteristic form of T. emarginata fromthe Kuwajima locality.

The three floras of the Kuwajima
Formation
There are three floras in the Kuwajima
Formation, namely, the Kaga, Benitaki
and Togadani floras; these were foundin the localities Kuwajima, Mekkodani
and Togadani in the upper reaches of
the Tedori-gawa.
The name of Kaga flora was used by
M. YOKOYAMA (1894: 201) from the
Kuwajima locality in Kaga Province(Ishikawa Prefecture), when he established the "Tetori Series".
The so-called " Tetori flora " was usedby I. T ATEIW A (1925 ; 504) : his note (in540.

Taeniopteris from Togadani

Japanese) .is as follows: " -, these three
species were found in the Tetori Series,
and the so-called Tetori flora and the
Naktong flora-".
When, H. Y ABE studied on the flora of
Naktong s~ries in S. Korea, he used theterm " the Flora of Tetori Series " forthe plant fossils of the Tedori Group, in
1906 and 1922.
The Benitaki flora was found in theclose proximity of the fall of Benitaki(" beni " means rouge or red colour inJapanese) in the valley of Mekkodani:
this locality has been long known for the
excellently preserved specimens. In thislocality, S. OISHI (1933) noted the representative Benitaki flora after the graduation thesis of S. NAGAO was publishedin 1931, by the T6hoku Imperial University, Sendai.
Very recently, T. KIMURA and S.
SEKIDO reported on several plant fossils
which they have studied (1958; 1961 and1966).
The Togadani flora represents:the lowest horizon of these localities, the next
older horizon being the Kaga, and the
youngest the Benitaki ; the latter two
horizons overlie the fresh water molluscan bed, while the Togadani contains
the lower part of the fresh water molluscan bed.
Now, the writers try a correlation of
three floras in the Table 1.
Conclusion
1. Taeniopteris vittata of the Togadani
locality is the new evidence of theTedorian floras.
2. T. vittata was known to be a characteristic species of the upper Jurassic in the Northern Hemisphere, but
its life range lasts to the lower
Cretaceous.
3. Then, the Togadani flora, the lowest

293

flora of the Tedorian, is an elementof the J urasso-Cretaceous floras in the
Far East.
4. Kuwajima Formation contains threefloras, namely, the Togadani flora(lower), Kaga flora (middle) and Benitaki flora (upper).
References
ARBER, E. A. N. (1917): The Earlier Mesozoic
Floras of New Zealand. Palaeont. Bull.
New Zealand Geol. Surv., No.6 (cfr. p. 47,
pl. IV, fig. 4; VI, figs. 2 & 3).
BRONGNIART, M.A. (1828) : Histoire desV egetaux Fossiles, ou Recherches Botaniques et Geologiques. 1-488, I-CLXVI.
E;-m6, S. & M. AMANO (1952) : On the plantfossils from the Omichidani (in Japanese).
jour. Ceo!. Soc. japan, Vol. 58, No. 682,
173.
FEISTMANTEL, 0. (1876) : Jurassic (Oolitic)
Flora of Kach. Mem. Geol. Surv. India.
(Palaeont. Indica), Ser. XI, Pts. 1-2. (cfr.
pp. 15-19, pl. I, figs. 1-3; II; 1-5; XII, 1& 1a).
GEYLER, H. Th. (1877) : Uber fossilen Pflanzen
aus der Juraformation Japans. Palaeontgr.
Bd. XXIV, 221-231, XXX-XXXIV.
HAY Atvii, I. & I. NAKAI (1956) : On a Lower
Cretaceous Pelecypod, "Cyrena" naumanni,
from Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, N. S., No. 59, 114-125, XIII & XIV.
KAWAI, M. (1961a): Late Mesozoic Crustal
Movements in the Hida Plateau, Central
Honshu, Japan. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu
Univ., Ser. D, Vol. XI, No. 3, 347-380.
(1961b): On the Late Mesozoic Crustal
Movements in the Western Part of the
Hida Plateau, Central Honshu, Japan.
Part 3; Geological Study around Mt. Hakusan in Fukui, Ishikawa and Gifu Prefectures (in Japanese). Bull. Ceo!. Surv.
japan, Vol. 12, No. 10, 747-762.
KIMUI~A, T. (1958):
Mesozoic Plants fromthe Tetori Series, Central Honshu, Japan(Part 1).
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, N. S., No. 29, 166-168, pl. 25.
(1961) : Mesozoic Plants from the Ito-

Hidekuni MATSUO and Kazuo OMURA

294

shiro Sub-group, the Tetori Group, Central
Honshu, Japan (Part 2). Ibid., No. 41,
21-32, pls. 4-6.
- - & S. SEKIDO (1966): Op. cit. Part 3. Mem.
Mejiro Gakuen Woman's junior Coli., Vol.
III, 1-7, I-V.
KosA Y ASH!, T. (1927) : On the Tetori Series(in Japanese). jour. Geol. Soc. japan.
Vol. 34, No. 401, 59-65.
KOT6, B. (1880) : :PJ 111Jlt-1Jof!?ffil:f-JU(:IIIilif:'8±t!!'it~~.1\~. !Ebll~Jf0:11f!:i¥{~. 1-22.
MAEDA, S. (1950) : Stratigraphical study on
the Tetori Group, the upper reaches of
the Kuzuryu-gawa (in Japanese). jour.
Geol. Soc. japan, Vol. 56, No. 656, 286.
- - (1951) : Preliminary note of the stratigraphical study on the Tetori Group (inJapanese). Ibid., Vol. 57, No. 670, 276.
- - (1952a) : Stratigraphical study on the
Sho-kawa, Gifu Prefecture (in Japanese).
Ibid., Vol. 58, No. 679, 145-153.
- - (1952b) : Discovery of the Dicotyledonean fossils and red tuff from the Tetori
Group (in Japanese). Ibid., Vol. 58, No.
682, 316.
- - (1952c) : A Stratigraphical study on the
Tetori Series of the Upper Kuzuryu
District, in Fukui Prefecture (in Japanese). Ibid., Vol. 58, No. 684, 401-410.
- - (1953) : Illustrated fossils from Fukui
Prefecture. (Part 4: Lower Cretaceous
Molluscan shells of the Sugiyamadani,
Kitadani-Mura, Ono-gun). Compiled Municipal Museum Fukui City. 1-13, I-IV.
- - (1959) : On Two Species of Polymesoda
from the Tetori Group in the Hida Mountainland, Central Japan.
Trans. Proc.
Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S., No. 36, 157160, pl. 17.
- - (196la) : Stratigraphy and Geological

Structure of the Tetori Group in the Hakusan District (Part 2; Geological Structure)(in Japanese). jour. Geol. Soc., japan,
Vol. 67, No. 786, 133-142.
- - (196lb) : An Interpretation of the Geotectonic Development of the Tetori Groupin the Southern part of the Kuzuryu
River Valley, Fukui Prefecture (in Japanese). Ibid., Vol. 62, No. 787, 189-198.
- - (196lc) : On the Geological History of
the Mesozoic Tetori Group in Japan. Bull.
Coli. Lital. & Sci., Chiba Univ., Vol. 3,
369-426.
MAEDA, S. (1962a) : On the occurrence ofNippononaia in the late Mesozoic Tetori
Group. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan,
N. S., No. 46, 243-248, pl. 38.
- - (1962b) : Trigonid from the Tetori Groupin the Furukawa District, Central Japan.
Ibid., No. 47, 237-277, pl. 42.
- - (1962c) : Some Lower Cretaceous Pelecypods from the Akaiwa Sub-group, theupper Division of the Tetori Group inCentral Japan. Ibid., No. 48, 343-351, pl. 53.
- - (1963a): Some Jurassic Trigonids fromthe Tetori Group in the Kuzuryu District,
Central Japan. Ibid., No. 49, 1-7, pl. 1.
- - (1963b): Trigonioides from the Late
Mesozoic Tetori Group, Central Japan.
Ibid., No. 51, 79-85, pl. 12.
MATsuo, H. (1954): Discovery of Nelumbofrom the Asuwa Flora (Upper Cretaceous)in Fukui Prefecture in the Inner side ofCentral Japan. Ibid., No. 14, 156-158, pl. 20.
- - (1964) : On the late Cretaceous Flora inJapan (in Japanese). Ann. Sci., Kanazawa
Univ., Vol. 1, 39-65.
& K. OMURA (1966) : So-called " Tetori
Series" in the Tedori-gawa Area (in Japanese). Ibid., Vol. 3, 66-84.

Explanation of Plate 29
Locality:

Togadani, Oguchi-mura, Ishikawa.gun, Ishikawa Prefecture.

Figs. 1, la, lb. Taeniopteris vittata BRONGNIART
Fig. la; Anticipative figure of the fig. 1: Fig. lb; Lateral venation of the fig. 1. Reg. No.;DGLAKZ-15033.
Figs. 2, 2a. Taeniopteris emarginata OISHI
Fig. 2a; Anticipative figure of the fig. 2. Reg. No.; DGLAKZ-15054a.

MATSUO ancl OlviURA .

Taeniopt eris j1·om Togaclani

I·!

Plate 29

\

\ '·

I

I
I

l'

II
t:i

IJl

l iJ

l~~
I

\
la

I

540.

Taeniopteris from Togadani

0GURA, Y., T. KoBAYASIII & S. MAEDA (1951) :Discovery of Erect Stumps of Xenoxylon
latiporosum in the Jurassic Tetori Series
in Japan.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, N. S., No. 4, 113-119, pl. 9.
OISHI, S. (1933) : Tetori Series (Especially on
its fossil-zone) (in Japanese). jour. Geol.
Soc. japan, Vol. 40, No. 481, 617-644: No.
482, 669-699.
- - (1935) : Notes on Some Fossil plantsfrom Tung-ning, Prov. Pinchiang, Manchoukuo. jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp.
Univ., Ser. IV, Vol. III, No. 1, 79-95, VIVIII.
- - (1940): The Mesozoic Floras of Japan.
Ibid., Nos. 2-4, 123-480, I-XLVIII.
OMuRA, K. (1964) :· Geology of Togadani,
Ishikawa Prefecture, Central Japan (inJapanese). Ann. Sci. Kanazawa Univ.,Vol. 1, 67-73.
- - (1965) : Geology of the upper reachesof the Ushikubi-gawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Central Japan (in Japanese). Ibid.,
Vol. 2, 90-98.
SAMYLINA, U. A. (1963) : The Mesozoic Floraof the Lower course of the Aldan River(in Russian).
Palaeobotanica, Vol. IV,
59-137, I-XXXVII.
SEwARD, A. C. (1911) : Jurassic Plants from
Chinese Dzungaria. Mim. Comiti Giol.
Nouv. Sir. Livr. 75. (cfr. p. 45, pl. III,
figs. 30 & 31).
(1919): Fossil Plants. Vol. II, pp. 1-624,
figs. 1-376.
TATEIW A, I. (1925) : Geological age of the
Naktung Series (in Japanese). jour. Geol.
Soc. japan, Vol. 23, No. 386, 449-461: No.
387, 493-513.
THOMAS, H. H. (1911) : The Jurassic Floraof Kamenka in the District of Isium. Mim.
AkaiwaE
iff.
As a hi
ljiJl
13
Asuwa
~~
JE
BenitakiHi~
Betsuzandani
jjlj iLl '§
l'j-1
Chugu
Gomijima
Ji. IJ,\< ,~Hakobuchi
El9~~
Hakogase~i'i Jr i*R
Itoshiro (Ishidoshiro)

·rr

Kaga

:fi fF1l 13
1m~

Katsuyama
Kuwajima
Kuzuryu-gawaMekkodani
Monobegawa
My6daniNaktong
Oguchi
Qkamig6
Omichidani
Oz6
Ry6seki

295

Comiti Geol. Nouv. Sir. Livr. 71 (cfr. p.
71, pl. IV, fig. 2 & 3).
TOYAMA, S. & S. OisHI (1935): Notes on
Some Jurassic Plants from Chalainor,
Prov. North Hsingan, Manchoukuo. jour.
Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. IV,
Vol. 3, No. 1, 61-77, III-V.
UEDA, R. (1949) : Geology of the Kuzuryugawa Area, Fukui Prefecture.
(MS).
Grad. Thesis. Tohoku Univ.
- - & H. MATsuo (1950): Geology of theUpper Kuzuryu-gawa, Fukui Prefecture(in Japanese). jour. Geol. Soc. Japan,
Vol. 56, No. 656, 285.
WARD, L. F. (1905) : Status of the Mesozoic
Floras of the United States (Second
Paper). Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., Vol.
48 ( cfr. p. 80, pl. XIII, figs. 4-8).
YABE, H. (1906): Mesozoic plants from Korea.
jour. Call. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Vol. 20,
Art. 8, 1-59, I-IV.
- - (1922) : Note on some Mesozoic Plantsfrom Japan, Korea and China in the Collection of the Institute of Geology andPalaeontology, T6hoku Imperial University, Sendai. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ.,Vol. 7, No. 1, 1-28, I-IV.
YoKOYAMA, M. (1889): Jurassic Plants from
Kaga, Hida and Echizen. jour. Sci. Coil.
Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Vol. 3, 1-89, I-XIV.
- - (1891) : On some fossil plants from thecoal-bearing series of Nagata. Ibid., Vol.
4, 236-247, XXXII & XXXIII.
- - (1894) : Mesozoic plants from Kozuke,
Kii, Awa and Tosa. Ibid., Vol. 7, 201-231,
XX-XXVIII.
- - (1905) : Mesozoic plants from Nagato
Bitchu. Ibid., Vol. 20, Art. 5, 1-13, I-III.
- - (1906) : Mesozoic plants from China.
Ibid., Vol. 21, Art. 9, 1-29, I-XII.

IH7

Lll

~~

,IHJ

13

liN '§

II)]'§:M,~ffWII~ ~ Jll

~
~

*
1=1

I~

J: ~~~:

~

"J.':
l.J
••

xlli'§
fi[[

1=i

Sarao
SetonoSh6-gawa
Sugiyamadani
Tani
Tedori-gawaTogadaniTung-ning
Umagatani
Ushimaru
Yanagidani
Yanbara

liii.

~

EE

!II

i*R p !Jll';j5 iJJ '§'§-=f.~JII'f~ Jr '§

...

~

*
.~

Jr '§

tJili
Lll

·'§
1Ji{

Ljo

'¥'-

J.L

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 71, pp. 296-307, Sept. 30, 1968

541.

SOME PLEISTOCENE FISH-OTOLITHS FROMTHE BOSO AND MIURA PENINSULAS*NAOAKI AOKIInstitute of Geology and Mineralogy, Tokyo University of Education*

i*i:.t, • :=:irll$Phil'/QO)JJ!*frlltO).~.rrE: ri~tt~JJ!*R*ifO):fti?j, tl!!.i~~:§t. lli. itll~. *iif!:,.ts J: lfJ:$1EWr-;;~.:m*ifO)m.J\l!iO)t,:b-tt-r 23 O)ft::nmt.till~' ;, *'~ 1oo flliiO)~O)lfft15'2l*~ l..J::, :2 tIC: ~lt15'.!:-~tri'.lti1il-r"JrlltftO)ff.JI-ile~f&Jll!i~' 12>iiliT 7.:>, c <IC:
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~. n~<JaO)~r~.

Occurrences

Introduction

Recently it has become obvious thatthe fish-otoliths occur everywhere in thefossiliferous sandy sediments of the two
peninsulas, particularly deposited in shallow water of relatively calm and protected environments. More than 700 specimens were obtained from a total of widely scattered 23 fossil-localities of the
middle Pleistocene molluscan shell beds
as described below, except for one of theupper Pleistocene or Holocene Numa
formation, largely through the kindness
of Mr. Katsuyoshi BABA who is studying
molluscan fossils of this area. The taxonomic affinities of these fossil otoliths
were examined as many as possible
through direct comparison with those of
Recent fishes which are also being
gathered. Fortunately the marine Pleistocene of this area is composed of shallow-water deposits, which are ready toyield the otoliths of shallow-water fishes
and, therefore, are very useful to thepresent author.

Collection of fossil fish-otoliths in the
Pleistocene of the Boso and Miura Pen·insulas has been carried out at every
opportunity during the course of molluscan and foraminiferal studies, because
the knowledge of the fossil fish faunas
is believed to enable us to infer the paleo·
oceanographic conditions at the time ofdeposition. Apart from the taxonomic
classifications, it is worthy to deal withthis kind of fossil as an indicator of
paleoecology and paleo-environments forthe geologic and paleontologic reconstruction of the Qua ternary marine basin.
This paper is the first step of the project.
The occurrences of the fourteen or more
species of fish-otoliths are first reported,and these species are described andfigured, proposing 9 new specific names.

* Received January 22, 1968; read September
23, 1967, at Tokyo.

296

541.

Pleistocene Fish-otoliths

Of the total number of specimens collected, about a half (330) were obtainedat the type locality of the Jizodo formation. It is the most productive locality
and exceptional. The next importantfossil localities abounding in fossil otoliths are three, that is, Nagayato of the
Naganuma formation, Sakurai and Iriyamazu of the Narita formation, in whichmolluscan shell fossils are also common
and well-preserved. About 80-100 otolith
specimens came from each locality.
On the other hand, the otoliths are
scarce in the fossiliferous nearshore sandstones and brackish sandy mudstones ofthe following formations, from each
locality of which less than 11 specimens
were collected.
(1) Tokyo formation (2 localities)(2) Owtsu formation (3 localities)(3) Semata formation (1 locality)(4) Yabu formation (1 locality)(5) Narita formation (9 localities except
the above-mentioned two)
Generally speaking, the specimens collected from loosely cemented, coarsegrained sandstones of neareshore environments are poorly preserved to agreater or lesser degree, and the jizodo
specimens had been so strongly abradedwith currents and much corroded byseepage water that it is not easy to know
their morphological details for taxonomic
grouping. Moreover, any Recent specimens of otolith related to many of the
Jizodo species have not been obtainedfor comparison at present. For thesereasons, the systematic positions, even of
higher ranks, cannot be determined forthe majority (90%) of the Jizodo fauna.
Including the indeterminable specimensfrom other localities, about 370 specimensthat amount to more than a half of thesampled faunas had to be put aside andare left for future study.
As a result of the examination, it is297

found that the specimens of the genus
Gobius are the most frequent element,
particularly at the above-mentioned three
localities, namely, Nagayato, Sakurai and
Iriyamazu. The Gobius specimens arefound also at 13 other localities among
20 and from some different horizons,
although the frequency is relatively low.
Totally they amount up to about 250
specimens or more than 70% of thedetermined species at hand. It can besaid that the genus Gobius is one of therepresentatives of the fish-otolith faunasof the middle Pleistocene deposits in thetwo peninsulas.
Four or more forms of this genus
could be discriminated. The most dominant otolith species having a broadly
arched ventral margin is named Gobius
copiosus, n. sp. The next dominant one
with a comparatively more straight
ventral margin of the otolith is named
Gobius urbanus, n. sp., in this paper.
These two species seem to be widelydistributed in this area and occupy about
65% and 20% respectively of the total
number of the Gobius specimens. The
otolith assemblages from the three productive localities mentioned above are
essentially similar to one another asthese two species of Gobius are common.
Two other new species of Gobius arefound in the samples of the Naganuma
formation ; one is extremely large in size,
and the other is smaller with a circularoutline. They are newly named Gobius
ingens and G. puellaris, respectively.
Specifically indiscriminated species of thegenus Gobius and its allies are frequentin some samples of the Narita, Tokyo
and Numa formations..
The solid or heavy, seed-like otolithsof the family Congridae appear to havea strong resistance against abrasion andweathering. They were found to be comparatively well-preserved in coarse-

Naoaki AOKI

298

grained sediments of the Jizodo, Yabu,
Semata and Narita formations. Two
species are discriminated and describedas new; they are, Conger durus frequently found in the Jizodo formation andOtolithus (Congridarum) bellus from the
Narita formation.
The well-preserved and easily dis·tinguishable otoliths of a Sillago species
are found at Nagayato, Naganuma formation. The species is tentatively referred to Sillago sihama (FORSKAL), a living
fish in japan. Another indetermined
species of Sillago occurs in the Narita
formation.
Besides the above-mentioned species,
the following 6 species are found in association with abundant Gobi us specimens
in many sandstone samples of the warm
water horizons at Sakurai, Gion, Kamiizumi and Iriyamazu, all in the southern
portion of the Narita formation. Theyare:
Sardinops cf. melanosticta (TEMMINCK &ScHLEGEL)
Engraulis cf· japonica (HouTTUYN)
Otolithus (Crangidarum) calidus n. sp.
Nibea gemma n. sp.
Otolithus (Sparidarum) babai n. sp.
Platycephalus cf. indicus (LINNE)

Fossil locality

The localities of fossil otoliths m theBoso and Miura Peninsulas are listed
below by horizon stratigraphically fromlower to upper.
Naganuma formation( 1 ) Toyoda, near the Toyoda Primary School,
Naganuma, S of Totsuka, Yokohama.
( 2) Nagayato, S of Kaigara-saka, Naganuma.
( 3) Naganuma, W of Uchikoshi, 0.4 km W
of Kaigara-saka, Naganuma.

jizodo formation( 4) Jizodo, 3.6 km E of Makuta Stn., Fukutamachi, Kimitsu-gun, Boso. (type locality

for this formation)

Yabu formation( 5) Yabu, 2.8 km E of Makuta Stn., Fukutamachi. (type locality for this formation)

Semata formation( 6) Semata ( = Semata-no-seki), 2.4 km SE of
Honda Stn., Toke-machi, Sambu-gun,Boso. (type locality for this formation)

Owtsu formation( 7) Mabori, 0.9 km E of Mabori-Kaigan Stn.,
Yokosuka, Miura.
( 8) Horinouchi, Miharu-machi 5-chome,
0.6 km SW of Horinouchi Stn., Yokosuka.
(AoKI, 1967)( 9) Hebinuma, 0.3 km SE of Shin-Owtsu Stn.,
Yokosuka. (AoKr, 1967)

Tokyo formation(10) Asaka, a road-side cutting at Negishi,
1.5 km NE of Asaka Stn., Asaka-machi,
Saitama.
(11) Takinogawa, a stream-side exposure of
the Shakujii-gawa, behind the lkebukuro
Commercial High School, 0.8 km of ltabashi Stn., Takinogawa-machi, Tokyo.

Narita formation(12) Otake, 0.9 km NW of Manzaki Stn.
(Narita Line), NW of Narita, Narita City.
(13) Kioroshi, 0.6 km S of Kioroshi Stn., Inseimachi, lmba-gun, Boso.
(14) Kamenari, 0.4 km E of Kamenari, S ofKioroshi Stn., Insei-machi.
(15) Shisui, a rail-road cut between Shisui
and Owsakura (Keisei Line), 0.7 km SW
of Shisui Stn., N of Shisui, Sakura City.
(16) Owsakura, 0.2 km E of Owsakura Stn.
(Keisei Line), N of Shisui-machi.
(17) Owkawagishi, northern border of lmbanuma, 6 km N of Sakura, Sakura City.
(18) Iriyamazu, near the Primary School atlriyamazu, 3 km S of Anegasaki Stn.,
Anegasaki City.
(19) Kamiizumi, near the bus-stop at Kamatayatsu, N of Kamiizumi, 5.5 km N of
Makuta Stn., Fukuta-machi.
(20) Takinokuchi, 0.7 km N of Tahinokuchi,
1.2 km W of Yokota Stn., Fukuta-machi.
(21) Gion, 0.5km E of Gion Stn., E of Kisarazu
City.

541.

Pleistocene Fish-otoliths

299

Table L Middle Pleistocene Fish-otoliths from the Boso and Miura Peninsulas.
ci.
(/J

ci.
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d

d
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u)

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ro

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.8
.....

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~

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"'<..> ;;"';;"' "';; ;;"' ;;"' -~"':.c :.c :.c :.c """'\.!)"' \.!)"' \.!)"' \.!)"' \.!)"'
-1'>,

Numa

Otake
KioroshiKamenari
ShisuiOwsakura
Narita Owkawagishi

ci

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:3

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ci.

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~

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!::

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t:>a

~

ci
c.

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-1'>,<:I.....:
u
<:I

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~

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"'.....: ciu"'"'t:>a "'t:>a

~

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,....., """' .::;,.....,!::.....:;;u.... !::
;;
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!::

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<:I

F
R

R

R

R
R

R
F

R
F
F
R

R
F
F

A
F
R

Asaka
Takinogawa

FF

MaboriOwtsu Horinouchi
HebinumaR
F

Semata Semata

F

R

R

Yabu

Yabu

F

F

R

JizodoJizodoVA

ToyodaNaga- Nagayatsu
numa
Naganumad·;:; "';;<..>
<:;
:.,;
<..>
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IriyamazuKamiizumi
Takinokuchi
Gion
SakuraiTokyo!::.....:
u"'t:>a "' "'t:>a :.,;"'
....
(...)
"' a (...)"'
(...)
'-"

.,·
;;

A

VA A
R

R F
?R

F R
VA A ?F

?R
?F F
R

c
c

R
R

F

R
F

R

c

R
F

R

R

R
A

?R

R

R

R

F

F

F

F
R

c

F

F
VA C
c F

---

c

F

c

R

R

F
R

R: 1 specimen, F: 2-4, C: 5-9, A: 10-29: VA: more than 30 specimens.

F

R
R
R
F

R

R
F

300

Naoaki AOKI(22) Sakurai, a sea-side cliff, S of Sakurai, S
of K isa ra zu.

Numa formation(23) Numa, SW of Tateyama Cit y, south ern
Boso.

Description of Species

Sardinops cf. melano sticta (TEMMI NCK& SCHLEGEL)
Text-fig. 1

The size and general morphology ofthe fossil otoliths are almost identical tothose of Sardinops melano sticta (TE!VlMINCK & SCHLEGEL) (Japanese name: Maiwa-sni), a common living fish a round thejapanese Islands, but positive identification is put off, because th e otoliths ofsome related species are unava ilable.
The otolith is ty pical ly a clupeoid form,
having the straight dorsal and ventral
margins which are parallel-sided or some-3

T ex t-fig s. 1-14

541.

Pleistocene Fish-otoliths

what anteriorly tapering, the elongate
and projecting rostrum, the strongly
notched excisura and the pointed antirostrum. The ventral margin is irregularly indented. The sulcus is deeply
excavated, straight, elongate and wide.
The area is distinct and wide.
Length of figured specimen 2.72 rom.,height 1.20 rom., thickness 0.20 rom.
Length ranges up to 3.0 rom.
20 specimens from Sakurai, Iriyamazu,
Kamenari, Otake (Narita fro.) and Naganuma (Naganuma fm.).
Engraulis cf. japonica HouTTUYN
Text-fig. 2

Text-fig.

The fossil otolith is very similar tothat of Engraulis japonica HouTTUYN(Japanese name: Katakuchi-iwashi), a
common living fish along the JapaneseIslands. It is characterized by the lanceolate outline with the sharply birostrate anterior end and the acutely
rounded posterior one, and by the sparsely spinose ventral margin.
Length of figured specimen 3.50+mm.,
height 1.38 rom., thickness ca. 0.50 rom.
Length ranges from 2.2 to 3.5+mm.
14 specimens from Sakurai, Iriyamazu,Kamiizumi, Gion (Narita fro.), Takinogawa (Tokyo fro.) and Naganuma (Naganuma fro.).

Sardinops cf. melanosticta (TEMMINCK & ScHLEGEL)
x12, from Sakurai, Kisarazu; Narita formation.
Text-fig. 2. Engraulis cf. japonica HouTTUYN
x 10, from Sakurai, Kisarazu; Narita formation.
Text-fig. 3. Platycephalus cf. indicus (LINNE)
x 12, from Iriyamazu, Anegasaki; Narita formation.
Text-fig. 4. Otolithus (Congridarum) bellus Aor<I, n. sp.
x 10, holotype, from Iriyamazu, Anegasaki; Narita formation.
Text-fig. 5. Otolithus (Crangidarum) calidus AoKr, n. sp.
x 10, holotype, from Sakurai, Kisarazu ; Narita formation.
Text-fig. 6. Conger durus AoKr, n. sp.
x7, holotype, from Jizodo, Makuta; }izodo formation.
Text-figs. 7a, b. Nibea gemma AoKI, n. sp.
x 7, holotype, from Gion, Kisarazu ; Narita formation.
Text-fig. 8. Otolithus (Sparidarum) babai AoKI, n. sp.
x7, holotype, from Sakurai, Kisarazu; Narita formation.
Text-fig. 9. Sillago sp. A
x6, from Gion, Kisarazu; Narita formation.
Text-fig. 10. Sillago cf. sihama (FoRSKAL)
x 6, from Nagayato, Naganuma, Yokohama; Naganuma formation.
Text-fig. 11. Gobium puellaris AoKI, n. sp.
x 15, holotype, from Naganuma, Yokohama; Naganuma formation.
Text-fig. 12. Gobius urbanus AoKr, n. sp.
x 15, holotype, from Toyoda, Naganuma, Yokohama; Naganuma formation.
Text-fig. 13. Gobius copiosus Aor<I, n. sp.
x10, from Sakurai, Kisarazu; Narita formation.
Text-fig. 14. Gobius ingens AoKr, n. sp.
x 6, holotype, from Nagayato, Naganuma, Yokohama; Naganuma formation.
1.

301

Naoaki AOKI302

Conger durus AOKI, n. sp.
Text-fig. 6

Sagitta large in size, transversely subovate, somewhat elongate rhomboidal in
outline, height about 3/5 of the lengthof sagitta, highest at the middle or somewhat posterior and lowest at anterior
1/3 of the length, rather thick, thickness
about 1/4 of the length; both dorsal andventral margins broadly rounded andequally convex, antero-dorsal margin
obliquely subtruncate, both anterior andposterior extremities bluntly pointed,
whole margins smooth and entire; both
faces moderately convex, edge subacute;inner face almost smooth except sulcus;
sulcus centrally situated, nearly straight,
horizontal, bordered with slightly raisedand very narrow rim, extending from theantero-dorsal· posteriorly to about 2/3
length of sagitta, its posterior end roundly closed, anterior end wider and open
to the antero-dorsal margin; area absent;
outer face smooth.
Length of holotype 5.16 mm., height
3.20 mm, thickness 1.32 mm. Length ofparatypes ranges up to 9.0 mm.
Holotype from sample #9549, Jizodo,
Makuta ; ]izodo formation.
The otolith of Conger durus, n. sp.,differs from that of Astroconger myriaster (BREVOORT) (HATAI, 1965, p. 64, pl.
15, f. 35-36. Japanese name: Ma-anago)
in having the broadly elliptical outline.
About 15 specimens from ]izodo (Jizodofm.), Yabu (Yabu fm.), Semata (Sematafm.), Iriyamazu and Kamiizumi (Narita
fm.).

in shape, rather thick, height about 3/5of the length, broadest at the middle,
ventral margin very broadly arcuated,rather evenly crenulated, dorsal margin
almost broadly rounded, but antero-dorsal
part obliquely truncated, irregularly andvery coarsely crenulated or wavy, anterior margin narrowly rounded, posterior
end rather roundly pointed ; inner andouter faces moderately convex, edge
acutely rounded, surface somewhat
lustrous; sulcus horizontal, more than
2/3 of the length of sagitta, borderedwith very narrow elevated rim, its posterior end slightly bent down and roundly closed, its a::terior end wider andopen toward the anterior-dorsal margin;outer face corrugated with marginal
crenumations.
Length of holotype 3.86 mm., height
2.36 mm., thickness 1.44 mm. (Largest
specimen collected).
Holotype from sample #9047, Iriyamazu,
Anegasaki; Narita formation.
The otolith of Otolithus (Congridarum)
bellus, n. sp., differs from the previously
known otoliths of the Conger species inhaving marginal crenulations; its precise
systematic position is unknown.
About 7 specimens from Iriyamazu,
Sakurai and Gion (Narita fm.).

Conger spp.
About 20 specimens from the ]izodo,
Yabu, Semata, Narita and Tokyo formations.

Otolithus (Crangidarum) calidus
AOKI, n. sp.
Text-fig. 5

Otolithus (Congridarum) bellus
AOKI, n. sp.
Text-fig. 4

Sagitta large in size, transversely ovate

Sagitta medium in size, elongate elliptical, height 3/5 of the length, equallyconvex dorsally and ventrally, broadest at
the middle, posterior end narrowly round-541.

Pleistocene Fish-otoliths

303

ed, anterior one subpointed, both dorsal
and ventral margins broadly rounded, anterodorsal margin subtruncated obliquely,
whole margins crenulated, finer at ventral
and posterior margins, coarser or wavy
at the middle of the dorsal margin; innerface weakly inflated ; sulcus distinctly
furrowed, horizontal in the central portion of sagitta, running almost the fulllength of sagitta, bordered with obscureridges, divided into cauda and ostium,cauda relatively narrow and elongate,
very slightly curved, its posterior portion
bent down sharply, becoming shallower
near the postero-ventral, ostium a halfof cauda in length, wider, deeper, andopen to the antero-dorsal; ridge present
at the border of the middle part of sulcus,
short and somewhat obscure; area slight1y depressed and indistinctly marked;
outer face concave, weakly corrugatedwith marginal crenulations.
Length of holotype 3.48 mm., height
2.08 mm., thickness ca. 0.65 mm. Lengthof paratypes ranges from 2.9 to 3.1 mm.
Holotype from sample 49522, Sakurai,
Kisarazu; Narita formation.
The otolith of Otolithus (Crangidarum)
calidus, n. sp., differs from those of the
Decapterus species (Japanese name:Muro-aji and others) and of Trachurusjaponicus (TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL) (Japanese name: Ma-aji) in having the broadly
elliptical outline, the more shallowly ex·cavated sulcus and the different pattern·of marginal crenulations.
5 specimens from Sakurai and Iriyamazu (Narita fm.).

very broadly rounded with weak· undulations, forming three low rqund-topped
projections, one each in anterior, middle
and posterior portions of the dorsal
margin, anterior border broadly rounded,
posterior one narrowly rounded, ventral
margin broadly arcuated, projected downward at the anterior third, slightly concave in the posterior half of the margin,
margins entire; inner face flat and curved outward ; sulcus sciaenid-type, very
shallowly and flatly impressed or almost
flush, divided into ostium and cauda,
ostium very large, suborbicular in outline, flat, bordered by dark-colored line,
its diameter nearly 2/5 or slightly lessthan a half of the length of sagitta,
cauda continued from the posterior portion of the ostinum, bordered by slightly
depressed narrow grooves, relatively
narrow, running horizontally for a shortdistance with parallel sides, sharply bent
down and slightly widening at the posterior, becoming obscure to the posteroventral ; any other depression and ridge
not present; outer face strongly convex,
smooth, marked ornamentation absent.
Length of holotype 5.60 mm., height
3.78 mm., thickness 2.29 mm.
Holotype from sample ~9505, Gion,
Kisarazu; Narita formation.
The otolith of Nibea gemma, n. sp., isdistinguishable from those of the speciesof Sciaenidae by the particular shape ofthe sulcus and the smoothness of theouter face. Only one specimen of thisspecies was collected from Gion, east of
Kisarazu, Narita formation.

Nibea gemma AOKI, n. sp.

Sillago cf. sihama (FORSKAL)

Text-figs. 7a, b

Text-fig. 10

Sagitta large in size, very thick, thickness 2/5 of the length, nearly plano·Convex, roughly elliptical in outline,
height 2/3 of the length ; dorsal margin

The otolith specimens collected at
Nagayato, Naganuma formation, are very
similar to Sillago sihama (FORSKAL)(Japanese name: Kisu), a Recent species,Naoaki AOKI

304

and seem to slightly differ in outline andsulcus from that of Sillago japonica(TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL) (Japanesename: Ao-gisu), a living fish commonly
found in Tokyo Bay.
The diagnosis of Sillago cf. sihama is
as follows: Sagitta large in size, triangular-shaped, with a very broadly arcuated dorsal margin and a strongly protruded ventral one, widest at the anterior,both anterior and posterior ends narrowly rounded, margins smooth; sulcus abroad band, very shallowly and flatly impressed, situated near the dorsal margin,
broadly curved upward, nearly parallelto the dorsal margin, running the fulllength of sagitta, its both anterior andposterior portions sharply expand in
width ventrally; outer face ornamented
with weak and irregular corrugations,radially grooved at the margin.
Length of figured specimen 6.94 mm.,height 4.10 mm., thickness ca. 1.80 mm.
Length ranges from 2.7 to 7.5 mm.
5 specimens from Nagayato and Naganuma (Naganuma fm.).
Sillago sp. A
Text-fig. 9

The otolith of Sillago probably different from that of Sillago cf. sihama of
this paper was collected from the Narita
formation. The specimens are all illpreserved, unabling a detailed comparison
with the related species.
Length of figured specimen 6.45 mm.,height 3.45 mm., thickness ca. 1.70 mm.
Length ranges from 2.7 to 6.7 mm.
7 specimens from Sakurai, Owsakura,Gion and Kioroshi (Narita fm.), Takinogawa (Tokyo fm.).
Otolithus (Sparidarum) babai
AOKI, n. sp.
Text-fig. 8

Sagitta large in size, curved slightly
outward, transversely ovate and roughly
rhomboidal in outline, eqally biconvex
dorsally and ventrally, highest at theposterior and lowest at the anterior,height about 4/5 of the length of sagitta,
ventral margin strongly convex or broadly rouned, distinctly and irregularly
crenulated, dorsal margin broadly rounded, coarsely denticulated into short andwide radial ribs, which are not uniform
in size, rostrum rather narrowly round·ed; inner face slightly convex; sulcus
elongate, situated centrally and horizontally, running almost the full length ofsagitta, rather deeply excavated, very
sharply bordered, divided distinctly into
ostium and cauda, ostium wide and short,cauda more deeply incised, narrower,
twice or more as long as ostium, straightand horizontal, its posterior end bent
down and tapering, reaching the posteroventral portion of sagitta ; ventral furrow
absent, but very narrow band of darker
color running parallel to the whole lengthof ventral margin; outer face ornamented
with short radial marginal ribs, central
part weakly convex.
Length of holotype 5.35 mm., height
4.15 mm., thickness 1.12 mm.
Holotype from sample #9514, Sakurai,
Kisarazu; Narita formation.
The otolith of this new species evident·
ly belongs to those of spariform fishes
and is somewhat similar to many of previously described otoliths of the Otolithus(Sparidarum) species, but an identicalotoliths may have never been reported.
The otolith of Otolithus (Sparidarwn)
babai, n. sp., is related closer to that ofNemipterus virgatus (HOUTTUYN) (Japanese name : Itoyori) than to any others
available.
5 specimens from Sakurai, Gion, Kamiizumi and Iriyamazu (Narita fm.).
The proposed specific name of this new541.

Pleistocene Fish-otoliths

305

species is dedicated to Mr. Katsuyoshi
BABA, who collected a number of otolith
specimens from the Boso Peninsula.

Sakurai, lriyamazu, Gion, Kamiizumi(Narita fm.), Jizodo (Jizodo fm.), andHebinuma (Owtsu fm.).

Gobius copiosus, AOKI, n. sp.

Gobius ingens AOKI, n. sp.

Text-fig. 13

Text-fig. 14

Sagitta medium in size, plano-convex,
thickness about 1/4 of the length, roughly quadrate in outline, height nearly
equal to the length of sagitta or shorter,
dorsal margin broadly rounded, anterodorsal broadly rounded and slopes down
to the anterior margin, postero-dorsal
roundly projecting pos teriorly, having
one or two low nodes, ventral margin
very broadly arcuated, both antero- andpostero- ventral corners rounded, anterior
and posterior margins nearly verticallytruncated, both incised at the middle,
posterior more distinctly so; inner facenearly fiat, edges subacute; sulcus distinctly depressed, centrally situated,nearly horizontal, both ends closed, its
length about a half of the full length ofsagitta, its anterior half slightly wider
and obliquely bent down, usually constricted at the middle; area shallowly
deressed, ridge above sulcus distinct,
short and horizontal; ventral furrow distinct, narrow, broadly arched, runningnearly parallel to the ventral margin;outer face moderately convex, slightly
uneven, without any marked ornamentation.
Length of holotype 3.60 mm., height
3.24 mm., thickness ca. 1.00 mm. Lengthof paratypes ranges up to 4.2 mm.
Holotype from sample #9515, Sakurai,
Kisarazu, Narita formation.
Gobius copisosus, n. sp., is characterized by the larger sized otolith for the
genus having the broadly arcuatedventral margin and furrow.
About 170 specimens from Nagayato,
Naganuma, Toyoda (Naganuma fm.),

Sagitta very large,transversely
elongate and quadrate in outline, longer
than height, height about 2/3 of thelength or slightly less, both dorsal andventral margins very broadly arcuated,a few weak projections present at the
middle of the dorsal, both anterior andposterior margins almost vertical, but
dorsal half of the posterior margin protruded posteriorly; sulcus large andhorizontal, about a half the length ofsagitta, gobioid type, its anterior half
wider with bluntly pointed end, bent
down a little, middle portion somewhat
constricted, posterior end roundly closed ;area broadly and distinctly depressed,
ridge above sulcus distinct, short, curved
a little along the upper border of sulcus;
ventral furrow distinct, running close to
and parallel to the ventral margin; lower
portion of sagitta below sulcus somewhat
flatly raised; outer face nearly smooth
and weakly convex, slightly uneven without any distinct ornamentation.
Length of holotype 6.68 mm., height
4.82 mm., thickness 1.28 mm. Length ofparatypes ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 mm.
Holotype from sample #4998, Nagayato, Naganuma, Yokohama; Naganuma
formation.
The otolith of Gobius ingeils, n. sp.,is characterized by the very large size,
and the transversely elongate quadrangle
shape with a strongly protruded posterodorsal margin and the elongate large
sulcus.
4 specimens from Nagayato (Naganumafm.), Otake (Narita fm.) and Asaka (Tokyo fm.).

Naoaki AOKI

306
Gobius puellaris AOKI, n. sp.
Text-fig. 11

Sagitta small in size, nearly orbicularin outline, height nearly equal to thelength, dorsal and anterior margins
broadly rounded or circular, crenulated
very coarsely, ventral margin very broadly rounded or almost straight, posterior
margin vertically truncated, distinctly
excavated at the middle; inner facenearly flat; sulcus centrally situated,gobioid type, short and nearly horizontal, its anterior portion wider and bent
down obliquely ; area distinctly depressed, ventral furrow distinct, parallelto the broadly rounded ventral margin;outer face moderately or weakly convex,
ornamented with radial marginal grooves.
Length of holotype 1.78 mm., height
1.73 mm., thickness ca. 0.55 mm. Lengthof paratypes ranges from 1.2 to 1.85 mm.
Holotype from sample #4999, Naganuma, Yokohama; Naganuma formation.
Gobius puellaris, n. sp., has the smallersized otoliths of nearly circular shapewith coarsely crenulated dorsal andanterior margins, so that it is easily distinguishable
8 specimens from Naganuma (Naganuma fm.) and Sakurai (Narita fm.).
Gobius urbanus AOKI, n. sp.
Text-fig. 12

Sagitta medium in size, thin, planoconvex, roughly quadrate in outline,
height nearly equal to the length orslightly less, dorsal margin broadly
rounded, anteriorly sloping downward,
ventral margin very broadly rounded or
almost straight, postero-dorsal more orless protruded posteriorly, anterior andposterior margins nearly vertical, distinctly notched at the middle, antero-and postero- ventral corners narrowly
rounded, all margins smooth and entire;
inner face nearly flat; sulcus distinct,
central and horizontal, its length about
a half of the length of sagitta, both ends
closed, somewhat constricted in the middle, its anterior half wider and somewhat
bent downward; area distinctly impressed, rather wide ; ventral furrow distinct,
narrow, running parallel to the ventral
margin; ridge above sulcus present, shortand horizontal; outer face weakly inflated, marked ornamentation absent.
Length of holotype 2.18 mm., height
2.08 mm., thickness 0.70 mm. Maximum
diamer of paratypes ranges up to 3.35mm.
Holotype from sample #4997, Toyoda,
Naganuma, Yokohama; Naganuma formation.
The otoliths of Gobius urbanus, n. sp.,closely resembles those of Gobius copiosus
AoKI, n. sp., from the Naganuma andNarita formations and of Gobius notoensis AOKI, (AOKI, 1967, p. 127, tf. 3-6)
from the middle Pleistocene Hiratoko
formation, but differs from the formerin having more straight ventral furrow
and from the latter in having the larger
size (twice or more), the markedly developed area and more distinctly incisednotches in the middle of the anterior andposterior margins.
About 60 specimens from Iriyamazu,
Sakurai, Kamiizumi, Gion (Narita fm.),
Nagayato, Toyoda, Naganuma (Naganuma fm.), jizodo (Jizodo fm.), Horinouchi and Hebinuma (Owtsu fm.).
Gobius spp.

About 10 specimens are collected fromthe Narita, Tokyo and Numa formations.
Platycephalus cf. indicus (LINNE)
Text-fig. 3

541.

Pleistocene Fish-otoliths

Sagitta small in size, thick, elongate,nearly equilateral triangle of very low
height in outline, ventral margin straightand long, dorsal margin strongly convex,
anterior end sometimes truncated or
notched a little, both faces moderately
to weakly convex; sulcus deeply excavated, narrow, horizontal, weakly andsomewhat si)?imoidally curved, extending
from the antero-dorsal margin posteriorly to about 2/3 of the total length ofsagitta, its posterior end closed; area
distinctly depressed and relatively restricted; ventral furrow elongate, distinctly grooved, slightly curved; outerface moderately convex and smooth.
Length of figured specimen 2.45 mm.,height 1.10 mm., thickness ca. 0.42 mm.
Length ranges from 2.2 to 2.45 mm.
The fossil otolith, which is very similar
to that of Platycephalus indicus (LINNE)(Japanese name: Magochi), came fromthe two localities of the Narita formation.
All of the fossil specimens are smaller
Anegasaki
Asaka
Boso
FukutaGion
Hebinuma
Hiratoko
Honda
Horinouchi
Hossaku
lmbanumaInseilriyamazu
Ita bas hi
JizodoKaigara-sak
Kamatayatsu
Kamenari
Kamiizumi
Keiseib11i 'T w~

®J

f11

Jj}

t:~:

r..!.•

133

* !ml
!lrt
*
JJill
11 111

:tJJ;

·n

lc:!

5f~'~

/

Ell
1"'1

1'F

5)[;

·n
~11 ~I iff lrc1
j§ffl::F J.. .q.
t,lf.
tEi
Jll!. Ji:& ~t~l ~r;cJRl'A~

Ill :t't

f[ii

JJ.X:

..r.
JJ~

*nX:

Kimitsu
KioroshiK1sarazu
Mabori
Mabori-Kaigan
MakutaManzaki
MiharuMiura
Naganuma
Nagayato
NaritaNegishi
Numa
Otake
Owkawagishi
Owsakura
Owtsu
Saitama
Sakurai307

and are half in size of the Recent ones.
These were more or less eroded by currents before deposition.
5 specimens from Sakurai and Iriyamazu (Narita fm.).
Acknowledgements:-The author is much indebted to the following persons: Mr. Katsuyoshi BAnA for collecting many fossil otolith
specimens from various localities in the Boso
and Miura Peninsulas, Toshiko AoKI and
Masako NISHIKAWA for their aid in collecting
otolith specimens of Recent fishes, Mr. Kenji
KuRIHARA and Prof. Wataru HAsHIMOTO of
the Tokyo University of Education for permission to use the laboratory facilities.

References
AoKI, N., 1967. Some fossil Gobius from Japan.
Palaeont. Soc. ] apan, Trans. Proc., N. S.,
no. 67, pp. 125-128.
HATAI, K., 1965. Some fish otoliths from
Northeast Honshu, Japan. Tohoku Univ.,
Sci. Rep., Ser. 2, v. 37, no. 1, pp. 63-77,
pl. 15.

ilt

1''I

:;j;_
T
;;j;_ 11.': iolt

.!Ji,

.tln\

.\!f,JJoliW:W
.li!~

f~

*

lii
w~f

~

iili
·n
lil

fi:
fi:
nX:

:t't

m ·n

111
F,l

lc:!

*jc;_

1-1r
Jll j!l~f!r.. tr
;);_
iilt

*
!~

:E

f'/..(

;}:1:

Sambu
SemataSemata-no-seki
Shakujii-ga wa
Shin-Owtsu
ShisuiTakinogawa
Takinokuchi
Tateyama
Toke
Tokyo
Totsuka
ToyodaUchikoshi
Yabu
Yokohama
Yokosuka
Yokota

!lJ
lft
'}._
ifli
i*n :x. 1 :llli::r=.-t'i'#l II
il1t
:i'Ji
iit':i*k::J:j:

io\! Y'f Jll
io\! I r:l
ill
:5<\

f:l'l

+

* ru

n
/h

fi

~

!ll!

-""·

n

~

lJili
irt
t.lli
t.lli ~n H
Ill
t.lli
1!_11

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. s., No. 71, pp. 308-316, pis. 30, 31, Sept. 30, 1968

542.

COCCOLITHOPHORIDS FROM THE CHOJABARU FORMATION,
IKI ISLAND, JAPAN*
SHIRO NISHIDA
Department of Earth Science, Nara University of Education,
Nara, Japan

Introduction

After the discovery of coccolith by
EHRENBERG in 1836, many investigations
have been done on this fine organism.
In 1858, HUXLEY described its occurrencein the North Atlantic recent deep sea
oozes. The initial study of fossil calcareous nannoplankton was the work of
ARKHANGELSKY written in 1912 on thatin the Upper Cretaceous deposits in
European Russia. Early in this century,
KAMPTNER, DEFLANDRE, BRAARUD and
BRAMLETTE began paleontological studies
of nannoplanktons.
Biostratigraphic significance of nannoplanktons has been emphasized by BRAMLETTE et a!., HAY et a!. and STOVER in
recent years.
In the early stage of the investigation
and also in the recent times, the ordinary
microscope has been used through themost course of it. Most coccoliths andother calcareous nannoplanktons ranges
from less than 1 micron to more than
20 microns in their maximum diameter.

* Received Feb. 29, 1968; read June 18, 1967,
at Osaka.
308

Because of the small size and finestructures of the coccoliths, studies withordinary microscope are not always satisfactory. In the works of DEFLANDRE andFERT (1952c, 1953a, 1953b and 1954), HALLDAL and MARKALI (1953), BLACK and
BARNES (1959 and 1961), BLACK (1962,
1963, 1964 and 1965), HAY (1961 and 1965),
HAY and SCHAUB (1961), HAY and TOWE
(1962), COHEN (1964), BRAMLETTE andMARTINI (1964), HAY et a!. and others,
were introduced the electronmicroscope
and the carbon replica technique in the
study of nannoplanktons.
The present author observed intact coccoliths directly under the electronmicroscope. By this investigation, a new genus
and ten new species were found anddescribed. They consist of calcium carbonate and are of disk form, and havesome rings and central area ranging in
diameter from 1 to 3 microns. They are
named as follows:
Pseudococcolithus
reticulatus, P. striatus, P. fusiformis, P.
orbicularis, P. deltoides, P. rotundatus,
P. oviformis, P. oblongus, P. biporosus,
P. nodulosus. These coccoliths discoveredfrom the Chojabaru formation are regarded presumably as of Miocene age.

542.

Coccolithophorids from Iki

Specimens studied and theirstratigraphic positions
The geology of Iki Island has been
investigated by Y. ChsuKI (1910), K.
MATSUI (1958), S. CHIGI (1952) and others.
According to K. MATSUI, the stratigraphic members of Iki Island, mentioned
in~the ascending order, are the Neogene

Pacific Ocean

Fig. 1

309

Katsumoto formation, the Iki formation,
andesites, rhyolite, hornblende rhyolitic
andesite and some kind of Quaternary
basalt. K. MATSUI included the Ch6jabaru diatomite bed in the Katsumoto
formation, but T. MATSUMOTO eta!. hasconcluded that the Ch6jabaru diatomite
bed is separated from the Katsumoto
formation by a basaltic flow, so that it
must be an independent formation sepa-

0

15

30km

Fig. 2

Outcrop of the
Chojabaru formation
Sakyonohana

Chojabaruaaki

0

Text-figs. 1-3. Map showing the location of Chojabaru cape.

Shiro NISHIDA

310

rated from the Katsumoto formation.
The present author approves with thelater opinion. The Ch5jabaru formation
is located at Ch5jabaru Cape, Motomurabure, Moroyoshi, Ashibe-Ch6, Iki-Gun,Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Fig. 1 shows
the geographical position of Iki Islandin the Far East and Fig. 2 shows an outline map of Iki Island. Outcrop of theCh6jabaru formation is shown in Fig. 3.
Meter

15

14

13

12

japonica ENDO, Ulmus parvifolia ]ACQ,Sterculia cf. tenuinervis HEER and others.

11

From these points, the Chojabaru formation is supposed to be of Miocene age.
The selected specimen for electronmicroscopy is No. Iki-97 in the columnar
section in Fig. 4.

10

71

5

4

Fig. 4 shows the columnar section at theCape of ChOjabaru. This formation outcrops only in this place and its total
thickness attains to about 15 meters. Its
strike is E-W and dip is about 20 degrees
southward. Most part of the formationconsists of well laminated diatomite. In
this formation some kinds of fossils, suchas pisces, insects and plant leaves arefound. Reported microfossils are Coscinodiscus cf. haradai PANNT. and others.
The author's investigation has revealed
that at the lower part of this formation
Melosira sp. is abundant, but at the upper part Coscinodiscus sp. is conspicuous.
Reported pisces are Jquius nipponicus]ORDAN and others.
Plant leaves are
Quercus sp., Cinnamomum cf. lanceolatum
HEER, Liquidamber sp., Carpinus proto-

l

69
67
65
63
61
59
57
55
53
51
49
47
45
43
39
37
35
33
3125
23
19·
17
15·
13
11

9
7
5
3

Method of study~

Diatomaceous
Siltstone

CJ
Flint

~
.

Diatolll8ceous
Sa.tldstonemJ..

Laminated
Diatomitec:J

Basaltic
Sandstone

Diatomaceous

Mudstonec:J.
Basaltic
BrecciaFig. 4. Columnar Section of Chojabaru
Formation, Showing Stratigraphic
Position of Samples.

At the field, diatomites are collectedtaking care to eliminate the contamination. In the laboratory, after the dispersion of a bulk sample of diatomite,the coccoliths are concentrated by hydraulic procedure, and repeatedly washedclean so as to be free from finer materials. Usually, in the course of the concentration of coccoliths, chemical treatment, especially with hydrofluoric acid,might be available, but in this case theweak coccoliths are apt to be destroyed
during the procedure and also the replaced calcium fluoride are not transparent for regular electron beams. A
smear is made on a carbon-coated collodion film immersed in a concentrated

542.

Coccolithophorids from Iki

suspension of coccoliths in alcohol when
it is taken out and allowed to dry. Thisis because the surface tension of alcohol
is smaller than that of water. Commonly
heavy metal shadowing is used to catchup the details of surface sculpture, andalso to provide a shadow by means ofwhich the thickness of the coccoliths may
be measured, but the present author
could'nt use this technique. Electronmicrographs were taken, using the Japan
Electron Optics Laboratory JEM-SS
electronmicroscope. In the normal modeof this operation, acceleration voltage
was 30 kV and filament current was 70
pA. Prints made directly from the original negative reproduce the appearanceof the coccoliths as seen on the fiuoresent
screen of the microscope with clear
shadows which appear white on the print.

311

description, rather than upon the carbon
replica, which is more difficult to handle
and to store safely." The present author
observed the intact coccoliths on the
carbon-coated collodion film. These observed specimens cannot easily be handled and safely preserved. In the following descriptions, therefore, the holotype
and the paratype observed are those in
micrographed negative films, preservedby the Department of Earth Science,
Nara University of Education, Nara,
Japan. Numbers on the plate are notequal to those of the electronmicrographed negative film on which serial
numbers are given. Their relationshipis shown in Table 1.
Systematic descriptions
Family Coccolithophoridae LOHMANN

Taxonomic problem
Taxonomic problems of calcareous nannoplankton were taken up by BRAMLETTE and SULLIVAN (1961), BRAMLETTE andMARTINI (1964) and others. Especially,
concerning to electronmicroscopical investigation, BLACK and BARNES (1959)
made suggestion to these reports as following : " The selection of type specimen
for species of fossil coccoliths present
certain difficulties. Material preservedin permanent mounts, for example in
Canada balsam, has been used in thepast, but is unsatisfacotory because surface details, which are essential for the
diagnosis of most species, cannot be seenin such mount. In the preparation ofcarbon replica, the specimen itself isdestroyed in order to leave a transparent
replica, and is thus not available forpreservation as a type. Since the actual
specimen cannot be used, it seems mostsatisfactory to base the species upon thephotographic plate used in writting theGenus Pseudococcolithus NISHIDA,
gen. nov.
Coccoliths consist of a single thin plate
having a single rim or more rims without any sculpture. Generally speaking,coccoliths and allied calcareous nannofossils are opaque for regular electron
beans with an acceleration voltage ofless than 100 kV. For example, Deflandre
and Fert published a number of transmission electronmicrographs of coccolithophorids which were not satisfactory
to show the structural details clearly.
But the present Pseudococcolithus istransparent to the electron beams evenwith 30 kV of acceleration voltage.
Marginal form of the coccoliths is variable, being circular to oval, elliptical, andeven deltaic, and outer margins of them
are not serrated. Central area of a
species of Pseudococcolithus is of perforated mesh structure, or has fine zigzag striae or knobs in surface sculpture.
Type species.-Pseudococcolithus reti-

Shiro NISHIDA

312

culatus NISHIDA, sp. nov.
Pseudococcolithus reticulatus NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl. 30, figs. 1-4

Description.- The circular plate consists of three rims and a central area.
Distal two rims are thick. The proximal
rim is very narrow, but electron density
is very high. The central area is meshedand perforated. Some of these coccoliths
have etched design on the surface ofrims, but normally their surface is supposed to be very smooth. Distribution of
perforations in the central area is very
regular.
Dimension of holotype.-2.60-2.55p.;
second ring 1.50-1.45p. ; inner ring 1.301.25p. ; central area 1.10-1.05p..
Range of dimensions.-major axial diameter 2.60-2.15p. ; minor axial diameter

Table 1. Type specimen.
Relationship between the figured numbers in the plates and the serial numbers
given on the electronmicrographed negative film.
Plate 30

Plate 31

Fig. No.

Nega. film No.

Fig. No.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

IKI 97-268
018
219
339
035
309
015
364
337
324
026
009
347
321
336
119
210
299
290
351
223
132

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

I

I

Nega. film No.
IKI 97-335
334
311
338
369
341
380
300
010
117
021
051
314
025
325
340
069
266
017
327
209
318
368
033
012
365

542.

Coccolithophorids from Iki

2.55-1.90fl·

Remarlls.- This coccoliths is easily distinguished by its wide three rims andperforated central area.
Holotype.- Pl. 30. fig. 1.
Paratypes.-P!. 30, figs. 2-4.
Pseudococcolithus striatus NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl. 30, figs. 5-10

Description.-Oval to elliptical inform, consisting of a rim and a finely
striated central area. No design is sculptured on the rim. Fine zigzag striae on
the central area are counted from 21 to
25 lines. These striae of some specimens
are not so distinct. The boundary between the rim and central area is notconspicuous with regard to electron
density.
Dimension of holotype.-1.55-l.lO,u;central area 1.35-0.65,u.
Range of dimensions.-Major axial diameter 2.10-1.45,u; minor axial diameter
1.30-l.lO,u.
Remarlzs.- Fine zigzag striae on thecentral part are distinct.
There exists no part specially high inelectron density.
Holotype.-P!. 30, fig. 6.
Paratypes.-P!. 30, figs. 5 and figs. 7-10.
Pseudococcolithus fusiformis NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl. 30, figs. 11-16

Description.-Oval to elliptical inform, consisting of a rim and a spindleshaped central area. The rim is very
thick and electron density becomes higher towards the boundary between therim and central area. The central areais spanned by one third of the shorter
diameter and closed. No sculpture exists313

on the surface of the rim and central
area.
Dimension of holotype.-1.55-1.20,u;central area 0.90-0.45,u.
Range of dimensions.-Major axial diameter 1.80-1.40,u; minor axial diameter
1.35-1.05,u.
Remarlls.- This coccolith is characterized by a thick rim and a spindle-shaped
central area.
Holotype.-P!. 30, fig. 12.
Paratypes.-P!. 30, fig. 11 and figs.
13-16.

Pseudococcolithus orbicularis NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl. 30, figs. 17-21

Description.-Coccoliths of this genus
are usually large with nearly circularouter shape. P. orbicularis consists of arim and a central area. At the boundary
between the rim and central area,
electron density becomes higher.
No
figure exists both on the rim and central
area. Central area is closed.
Dimension of holotype.-1.85-1.75,u;central area 1.20-1.05,u.
Range of dimensions.-Major axial
diameter 1.95-1.20,u; minor axial diameter
1.80-1.15,u.
Remarlls.-Near!y circular outer shapeand the wide central area make thisspecies distinct from others.
Holotype.-P!. 30, fig. 20.
Paratypes.-P!. 30, figs. 17-19 and fig.
21.

Pseudococcolithus deltoides NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl. 30, fig. 22

Description.- Withround-cornereddeltaic appearance, consisting of a rim
and a central area. Shape of the central
area is similar to the external form. No

Shiro NISHIDA

314

sculptured design is seen on its surface.
Towards the boundary between the rim.and central area, electron density becomeshiger.
Dimension of holotype.-Base 1.65p;
height 1.55p; base of central area 0.90p;
height of central area 0.90p.
Remarks.-This coccolith can easily be
distinguished by its deltaic external
form.
Holotype.-Pl. 30, fig. 22.
Pseudococcolithus rotundatus NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl. 31, fig. 1

Description.-Of large circular form,.consisting of double rim and a central
part. The distal rim is thinner in widthand somewhat lower in electron density
than proximal one. Boundary between
the rim and central part, and the rims
themselves are obscure. No sculptured
pattern is seen on its surface.
Dimension of holotype.-2.40-2.25p;·Central area 1.5-1.06p.
Remarks.-The diagnostic features ofthis coccoliths are its large circular form,
double rims and a central area.
Holotype.-Pl. 31, fig. 1.

Pseudococcolithus oviformis NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl· 31, fig. 2

Description.-With large elliptical appearance, consisting of a thick rim anda central area. Boundary between therim and central area is obscure, but incentral area electron density is somewhat
lower. Both rim and central area are
not sculptured.
Dimension of holotype.-2.75-2.10p;
central area 1.65-l.OOp.
Remarks-This
coccolith is [distinguished by large elliptical form, being
consisted of a thick rim and central area.
Holotype.-Pl. 31, fig. 2.
Pseudococcolithus of;longus NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl. 31, figs. 3-11

Description.-Oval to elliptical inform, consisting of a rim and a wide
central area. On the surface of the coccolith any distinct sculptured figure isnot seen. Some specimens have etchedsurface which is supposed to have beensmooth originally. Electron density becomes higher towards the boundary between the rim and central area.

Explanation of Plate 30
All electronmicrographs are magnified to the size of about 2000 times.
Figs. 1-4.

Pseudococcolithus reticulatus NISHIDA, sp. nov.
1 : Holotype; 2-4: Para types.
Figs. 5-10.
Pseudococcolithus striatus NISI!!DA, sp. nov.
6: Holotype; 5 and 7-10: Paratypes.
Figs. 11-16. Pseudococcolithus fusiformis NISHIDA, sp. nov.
12: Holotype; 11 and 13-16: Para types.
Figs. 17-21. PseudocoCJolithus orbicularis NISHIDA, sp. nov.
20: Holotype; 17-10 and 21: Paratypes.
Fig. 22.
Pseudococcolithus deltoides NisHIDA, sp. nov.
22 : Holotype.

NISHIDA:

Coccolithophorids from Iki

Plate 30

542.

Coccolithophorids from Iki

Dimension of holotype.-1.90-1.35p.;•Central area 1.15-0.65p..
Range of dimensions-Major axial
diameter 2.10-1.60p. ; minor axial diameter
1.45-1.30f-l·
Remarks.- This coccolith closely resembles Pseudococcolithus fusiformis, but
its central area is wider than P. fusijormis and the thickness of the rim issomewhat thinner.
Holotype.-Pl. 31, fig. 3.
Paratypes.-Pl.. 31, figs. 4-11.
Pseudococcolithus biporosus NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl. 31, figs. 12-17

Description.-Coccoliths of this genus
usually small in shape, with oval to elliptical forms. This coccolith consists of.a rim and a central area. Around theboundary between the rim and centralarea, electron density is higher in the-other part. In the central part, two distinct apertures exist. The bridges ofthem are broken in many specimens, butthey are normally joined.
Dimension of holotype.-1.35-0.85p.;·Central area 0.90-0.35p..
Range of dtmensions.-Major axial diameter 1.40-1.05p.; miuor axial diameter·0.85-0.70p..
Remarks.- This species can be readily
separated from others by the perforated-central area with two apertures.
Holotype.-Pl. 31, fig. 16.
Paratypes.-Pl. 31, figs. 12-15 and fig.
17.
Pseudococcolithus nodulosus NISHIDA,
sp. nov.
Pl. 31, figs. 18-26

Description.-Oval to elliptical plate.
The size of this species is varied. The

315

distinction between the rim and central
area is obscure. Under the electronmicroscope, one or two knobs are seen
in central area, but the feature in thephotograph is not conspicuously demonstrated. Surfaces of some specimen are
etched, but are supposed to be smoothin the normal state.
Dimension of holotype.-1.95-1.20p..
Range of dimension.-Major axial diameter 2.05-0.95p. ; minor axial diameter
1.50-0.85p..
Remarlzs.-One or two obscure knobs
observed in central area are the mostcharacteristic features for this species.
Holotype.-Pl. 31, fig. 18.
Paratypes.-Pl. 31, figs. 19-26.

Acknowledgement
The author wishes to express his
gratitude to Professor Misaburo SHIMAKURA of his department, not only for his
interest and encouragement. Thanks arealso due to Professor Koshiro UMEDA ofof his department for his constant encouragement and to Assistant Professor
Naofumi KITAGAWA of the Biologicaldepartment of his University for the suggestions made in the preparation of themanuscript.

Selected Literatures
M., and BARNEs, B. (1959) : The
structure of coccoliths from the English
Chalk. Geol. Mag., vol. 96, no. 5, pp. 321328, pls. 8-12.
BRAMLETTE, M. N. (1958):
Significance of
Coccolithophorids in calcium-carbonate
deposition. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 69,
pp. 121-126.
BRAARUD, T., DEFLANDRE, G., HALLDAL, P.,
and KAMPTNER, K. (1955) : Terminology,
nomeclature, and systematics of the Coccolithophoridae. Micropaleontology, vol. 1,
BLACK,

Shiro NISHIDA

316.

no. 2; pp. 157-159.
CHIGI, S. (1952) : Fossils from lki Island,
Chigaku Kenkyu, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 34-41.
CHILINGAF., G. V., BISSEL, H. J.. and FAIR·
BRIDGE, R. W. (Ed.) (1967) : Carbonate
rocks. pp. 471, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
DEFLA:-IDRE, G. (1952a) : Sous-embranchement
des flagelles. In: PIVETEAu, }., Trait€ de
PaUontologie, vol. 1, pp. 99-130, Masson etChie, Paris.
--- (1952b)': _ Classe de Coccolithophorides.
In: GRASSE, P .. P., Trait€ de Zoologie,
vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 439-470, Masson .et Cie,
Paris.
DEFLANDRE, G., and FERT, C. (1952) : Sur
Ia structure fine de quelques coccolithes
fossiles observ~s au microscope etectronique; Signification moq)hogenetique etapplication a ra systematique. Acad. Sci.,
C. R., vol. 234, pp. 2100-2102.
- - (1953a) : Application du microscopeelectronique a !•etude des Coccolithophorides. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse, vol.
88, pp. 301-313, pis. 4.
- - (1953b): Etude des Coccolithophorides
des vases actuelles au microscope electroAshibe
Chajabaru
Gonouralki
IndojoKatsumoto
Moroyoshi

j!f

ill

~1f!JR~lll~ I iill
'e

~-

~

~n

;m ;;!J,M1*

nique. Orientation des particules elementaires de calcaire en rapport avec les notions d•Heliolithae et d•Ortholithae. Acad.
Sci., C. R., vol. 136, p. 328.
- - (1954) : Observations sur les coccolithophorides actuele et fossiles en microscopie
ordinaire et electronique, Ann. Pal., vol.
40, pp. 117-176, pis. 1-15.
HAY, W.W., and TowE, K.M. (1962): Electronmicroscopic examination of some coccoliths from Donzacq (France). Eclogae
Geol. Helv., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 497-518, pls.
1-10.
KuMMEL, B., and RAUP, D. (Ed.) (1964) :Handbook of Paleontological technique.
852pp., Freeman, San Fransisco.
MATSUI, K. (1958): Explanatory text of
1/50000 geologic map of Japan "Katsumoto, Gonoura, Ashibe ". Geol. Surv.
japan, Tokyo.
MATSUMOTO, T., et al. (1962): Regional geology of Japan, "Kyushu region"· 416pp.,
Asakura Publ. Co., Tokyo.
0TSUKI, Y. (1910) : Explanatory text of
1;200000 geologic map of Japan, "Iki "·Geol. Surv. japan, Tokyo.
Motomurabure
NagasakiNishibure
Sakyonohana
Seto
Yahata* tt ~!l!

~

~~

~!l!
b:~lf.\pi
iff

®

J\.

~Bi

Explanation of Plate 31
All electronmicrographs are magnified to the size of about 20000 times.
Fig. 1.

Pseudococcolithus rotundatus NISHIDA; sp. nov.
1 : Holotype.
Pseudococcolithus oviformis NISHIDA, sp. nov.
Fig. 2.
2 : Holotype.
Figs. 3-11. Pseudococcolithus oblongus NISHIDA, sp. nov.
3: Holotype; 4-11 : Paratypes.
Figs. 12-17. Pseudoccccolithus biporosus NISHIDA, sp. nov.
16: Holotype; 13-15 and 17: Paratypes.
Figs. 18-26. Pseudococcolithus nodulosus NISHIDA,- sp. nov.
18: Holotype; 19-26: Para types.

NISHIDA:

Coccolithophorids fro'rn !leiPlate 31

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 71, pp. 317-325, pl. 32, Sept. 15, 1968

543.

AN INTERESTING SPECIES OF INOCERAMMS FROMTHE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF KYUSHU*TATSURO MATSUMOTO
Department of Geology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka

and
MASA YUKI NODA
Minarni.Qita Junior High School, Oita::irJ-ILI::ll~EiiJli:if~ifr.:O)iJI!"~<li> Q 1 ; t 7 .L.. A ::*57 wm¥ntnr.1®!::. 711'1ii"" Q _l::ll~a!lliifdll~M0)~$~;~~~1Jt7.L..;>:.~. MW~~JiJQO)~. ~~~~~~~~~~i""Q. ~hfi Inoceramus latus, I. incertus t~ C. Hift:J,i""Q;?~. \!Jti~~.ffi;O)~ih;?~jji]I::.C!O)!tl!*ll!::!:.-1i't'i< ~~, ,J, ~ v'Alrlt::i:.' >b-? ~ ~ t~ c~f!\:1)1)~ ~ Q 0 lii]l?i)IJ.(;?,; I. hobetsensis, Subprionocycluscneptuni ~ ;f[-9 Q 0)~, 133!J!tA!1 ~ll~fil:if)lf- "'"- P =- 7 :/ ( {-0)1-l:fcli:E'l"ffi~) f::.XHI: ~ hQ •t.J:.to*=fi1JO)fi2ll&f::.)M.)Jili L-~. 1 J t 7 .L.. ;>:.O)=Ef'ffif(f::.:{Hr:i""QjjiJlfO)~~\:. ~t.:liil C < 1lliit::!:.'
t-? I. (Platyceramus) mantelli ~<t>J;fi**r£lf:lf-, t~;v'f::.7f\:flf[O):iF-*fe5J~Ji~O){tE/Thi:-?!t!::.-?
v'~~Pll&i""Q.
t.C:
i~ !!iS· !l.'t ill !lTh*z

undertaken a precise geological mappingand stratigraphic work in the Onogawa
area (TERAOKA, 1964, 68). He has kindly
shown us his collections of Inoceramus
specimens. The zonal sequence of thespecies in the Onogawa Group is I.
hobetsensis NAGAO and MATSUMOTO, I.
teshioensis NAGAO and MATSUMOTO, I.
uwajimensis YEHARA, I. mihoensis MATSUMOTO, I. naumanni YOKOYAMA, andI. amakusensis NAGAO and MATSUMOTO
in ascending order, as is described inanother paper (NODA, 1968, written in
Japanese). This is well correlated withthe already established zonal sequencein Hokkaido (MATSUMOTO, 1954, 59).
The Turonian to Santonian Onogawa
Group is distributed in the Onogawa
basin, Oita Prefecture, which is demarcated in the southeast by a tectonic
line called the Usuki-Yatsushiro Line,

Introduction
Species of Inoceramus occur fairly commonly in the Upper Cretateous of central
Kyushu. The principal rock-series whichcontain Inoceramus are the Himenoura
Group in the west and the Onogawa
Group in the east. The succession of
species in the Coniacian to Campanian
Himenoura Group has been clarified by
UEDA (1962), with aid of MATSUMOTO,
and TAKAI and MATSUMOTO (1961), whilethat in the Turonian to Santonian Onogawa Group was previously studied by
one of us (MATSUMOTO, 1936) and is being
restudied by the other of us (M. N.).
In the mean while, Y. TERAOKA of theGeological Survey of Japan has recently* Received April 22, 1968; read June 22, 1968
at Sendai.
317

318

Tatsuro MATSUMOTO and Masayuki NODA

along which older rocks composed ofsheared granite, gabbro, gneiss, mylonite,
etc. are squeezed out. On the southeast
side of this tectonic line Cretaceous strata
are still distributed, although in patches.
They were once studied by FuJII (1954),
who called the Upper Cretaceous partthe Tano Formation. The Tano Formation resembles the Onogawa Group, consisting of conglomerate, sandstone andshale, but is much thinner (about 920 m)
than the extraordinarily thick Onogawa
Group (about 4650 m in its lower half,
the Turonian part).
The upper, shaly part of the Tano
Formation contains marine molluscan
fossils, of which an ammonite species Subprionocyclus neptuni (GEINITZ) and Inoceramus hobetsensis NAGAO and MATSUMOTO are good guide fossils, indicating

the middle part of Upper Gyliakian in
the japanese scale, approximately lower
part of the Upper Turonian, if the Turonian is bipartite in the international scale.
Associated with these fossils, there areinteresting specimens of Inoceramus, both. in TERAOKA'S and NODA'S collections,which represent a new species. We describe it in this paper.
Before entering in the palaeontologicaldescription, a guide is given below for
the localities from which the specimens
have been obtained (Fig. 1).
Loc. TA 294 [ = CF 14 of TERAOKA] : location, 33°4 1 19''N, 131 o 14'58 11 E, on a mountain path from Yamaji to Otomi, Usuki
City, Oita Prefecture
Loc.TA209: location, 33°3 1 19 11 N, 131"43'45 11 E, on the western flank of a hill, northern area of Tarabaru, Notsu-machi, Ono-

Text-fig. 1. Geological sketch map of the Tano area, Oita Prefecture, indicating localitiesof the described Inoceramus, with x. 1: Upper Palaeozoic of the Chichibu belt; 2: Metamorphic
rocks at Shonoharu; 3: Sheared granite, gabbro, and gneiss squeezed out along the UsukiYatsushiro Line; 4: serpentinite; 5: Tano Formation (including Tl, Tm, and Tu: lower, middle,
and upper members), 6: Onogawa Group (indicating the formational boundary with a brokenline) ; 7: Aso welded tuff (Quaternary) ; 8: Alluvium.

543.

Inoceramus teraokai

gun, Oita Prefecture
Loc. TA 213: location, 33•1'39"N, 131 •41'
22"E, on the eastern hillside near a bridge
called Meijibashi, Ushirogawachi, Notsumachi, Ono-gun, Oita Prefecture

Acknowledgements.-We thank Dr.
Yasushi TERAOKA, Geological Survey ofJapan, Mr. Mikio ICHII and Mr. Hiroshi
SHIJO, who have kindly supplied us valuable specimens for our study. We aremuch indebted to Professor Dr. Otto
SEIZ, Hannover, and also to Dr. ltaru
HAYAMI, Kyushu University, for someproblems in Inoceramus. Dr. HAY AMI
and also Miss Yuko W ADA have kindly
assisted us in preparing the manuscript.
The field work of one of us (M. NonA)
was undertaken on a grant from the
SHIMONAKA Commemorative Foundation.
Description of A New Species

Inoceramus teraokai sp. nov.
Pl. 32, Figs. 1-5; Text-fig. 2

Material.-Holotype: GK. H6833 (Pl. 32,
Fig. 1; text-fig. 2), internal mould of aright valve, from Joe. T A 204 [=CF 14
of TERAOKA] (Y. TERAOKA Coli.) Paratypes: GK. H6834 (Pl. 32, Fig. 2) and
GK. H6835 (Pl. 32, Fig. 3), left valves(internal mould) in the same rock as theholotype; GK. H6836 (Pl. 32, Fig. 4a, b),internal and external moulds of a rightvalve, from Joe. TA 209 (M. NonA Coli.);GK. H6837 (Pl. 32, Fig. 5), a left valve,from Joe. T A 213 (H. SHIJO Coli.); GK.
H6838, another left valve, from Joe. T A
204 (M. NonA Coli.). Repository: Department of Geology, Kyushu University.
There are more specimens in NonA's
private cellection.
Specific characters.-Shell of moderatesize, equivalve, very inequilateral, gently
covex, in earlier stages somewhat longer
than high, but in later stages slightly

319

higher than~broad and obliquely elongated from beak to the posteroventral
margin. Hinge-line of moderate length,
about two fifths of the shell length. The
axis of growth gently curved, with theconvex side facing anteriorly, forming
angles of about 70• to 50• with thehinge-line, decreasing with growth.
Umbo subterminal and improminent,
rising slightly above the hinge-line. Anterior margin of the main part of theflank gently curved or nearly straight,
forming an apical angle of about 140•.
Anterior part provided with a small ear.
Anteroventral margin broadly arcuate,
passing gradually to the rounded ventral
margin and then more broadly curved
posteroventral one, which rather abruptly
turns to the moderately long and nearlystraight posterior margin. The angle
between the posterior margin and thehinge-line about 130-140•. The posterodorsal part flattened, passing gradually
into posterior wing without sharp boundary.
Surface marked with major concentricribs at rather irregular intervals and alsowith minor fine concentric rings. The
major ribs are low but sharp-headed andripple-like in cross section. The ribs andrings form an asymmetrically roundedcurvature, following the outline of theshell.
Measurements.Dimensions in mm.
Specimen

H

L

35
GK.H6833 50
62(+) 40(?)
41
GK.H6834 53
GK.H6836 53
41

h
42
55.5
43
46

HL
39
16
47.5
50
20(?)
52
20( +)

H=maximum dimension along the axis of
growth
L=dimension along a line perpendicular to H
h=height (measured perpendicular to thehinge-line)

Tatsuro MATSUMOTO and Masayuki NODA

320

l =length (measured parallel to the hingeline)
HL=length of the hinge-line(see NAGAO and MATSUMOTO, 1939, p. 258,
text-fig. 3 for the symbols.)

Change in the obliquity of the shell(angle b~twecn the axis of growth andthe hinge-line) at 5 growth-stages.
Specimen
GK.H6833
GK. H6836
for comparison:
Ex1mple of
I. incert us

Length of growth axis
in mm.
10 20 30 40 50

73'
69'

64'
58'

55'
50'

53'
49'

5P
47'

48'

50'

54'

60'

63'

·----

Remarks.- The specimens before us
are more or less secondarily compressed.
The breadth of the valve is not accordingly measured. Although the original
convexity is not precisely known, it does
not seem high.
The outline of the shell as well as the
proportion between height and length
may have been modified by the secondary deformation. There is, however,variation to some extent, since the change
in h/1 may occur slowly or rapidly, depending on individuals.
Details of the surface ornamentation
are better impressed on external moulds(e. g. GK. H6836b). Characters of the ribs,
such as their strength, shape in crosssection, etc., may have been modified by
the secondary deformation, too. Fromthe synthetic judgement of several specimens the described characters are given.
In spite of the above situation, thespecimens show distinctive characterswhich enable us to propose a new species.
Comparisons.- The present species issomewhat similar to Inoceramus incertus]IMBO, 1894 (see NAGAO and MATSUMOTO,
1940, p. 10, pl. 3, figs. 1-5; pl. 10, fig. 2),
from the Upper Turonian (upper part ofUpper Gyliakian) of Hokkaido, and also
to Inoceramus yubarensis NAGAO and
MATSUMOTO (1940, p. 11, pl. 6, fig. 1),
from the upper Lower Urakawan(Coniacian) of Hokkaido. I. incertus isclose to but not identical with I. latus
SOWERBY for the reason mentioned below.
I. yubarensis was at first regarded as avariety of I. incedus, but is now better
separated as a distinct species, becauseof much higher outline of the shell andalso of independent occurrence at higher
stratigraphic level. It is very close to
I. mantelli (MERCEY) BARROIS, 1879 (seeSEITZ, 1962), from the Coniacian ofEurope, but has a relatively shorter
hinge-line. Anyhow, in these species theshell is more or less oblique postero-ventrally. However, if we carefully examine
the change in growth stages, unmistakable differences are noticed. Namely in
I. teraokai the shell becomes more oblique
as it grows, in I. incertus it becomesslightly less oblique, and in I. yubarensis
and I. mantelli it becomes remarkably
less so. In other words, the axis of
growth is convex to the anterior in I.
teraokai, gently concave in I. incertus,
and at first fairly concave and then nearlystraight and upright in I._yubarensis andI. mantelli.
The ribs are apparently sharp-headed
and rather irregular in I. teraokai ascompared with low, broad, and regularribs in I. incertus and I. yubarensis. The
development of numerous, fine concentricrings in combination with the major ribs
is common to the four species under consideration.
I. teraokai closely resembles I. latus
SOWERBY, 1828 (see WOODS, 1911, p. 284,
text-figs. 38, 40, 41, non text-fig. 39), fromthe Turonian of England, and also to I.
hercynicus PETRASCHECK, 1904, from theTuronian of Germany and other regions,which, however, was regarded by SEITZ

543.

Inoceramus tcraokai(1921, p. 101) as a synonym of I. latus
and later (SEITZ, 1934) as a variety of I.
labiatus. I. teraolwi is fairly allied to I.
labiatus (SCHLOTHEIM, 1813) (see WOODS,
1911, p. 281, p:. 50; text-fig. 37 and also
SEITZ, 1934), a world-wide index of theLower Turonian.
I. latus has a nearly straight axis of
growth wh:ch forms on the average agreater angle (70-80') with the hinge-line.
In these respects it is distinguished fromI. teraolwi on one hand and from I. incertus on the other. In the anteriorly
convex curvature of the growth-axis andin the tendency to elongate posteroventrally, I. leraolwi is somewhat similar
to I. labiatus, but the latter is typicallymore oblique, still more e:ongated to theposteroventral extremity, has a smaller
beak angle and relatively shorter hingeline. A\though SEITZ (1934) reported agreat variability in shell form of I.
labiatus, the collections from the upper
member of the Tano Formation do notshow such a variability and do not include the highly obliquely extended form.
Th~ ribs in I. latus and I. labia/us seemto be lower, more rounded on top, generally more crowded and covered with more
distinctly marked concentric lines thanthose in I. teraokai.
The presence of the anterior ear is aparticular character of the present
species, wh:le such a feature has not beenreported with respect to any example ofI. labia/us, I. hercynicus, I. latus, I. incertus and I. yubarensis. I. mantelli has
the anterior ear, but is closer to I. yubarensis in the outline of the shell and in

the surface ornamentation.
Occurrence :-Common in the shaly
part of the upper member of the Tano
Formation, Notsu area, Oita Prefecture,eastern centra: Kyushu. The species is
associated with Inoceramus hobe/sensis,
a zonal index of the; middle part of the321

Upper Gyliakian, approximately lower
Upper Turonian. Subprionoc_vclus neptuni(GEINITZ), a world-wide ammonite speciesof the Upper Turonian (prec~sely speaking lower Upper Turonian), occurs in thesame bed. For some reason Inoceramus/eraolwi has not yet been found in the
prolific Upper Cretaceous sequence of
Hokkaido.
Notes on the Anterior Ear
Examples with anterior ear or w~ng­
like area have been occasionally notedin certain Jurassic and Cretaceous species.
According to HAY AMI (1960, p. 299), a
small anterior wing-like area is usuallypresent in the group of Inoceramus po!yplonts ROEMER (i. e. subgenus Mityloceramus ROLLIER, 1914), from the Midd:ejurassic of Europe and japan and it issometimes discernib!e in Parainoceramus
VORO.NETZ, 1936 (see Cox, 1954, p. 47), a
primitive genus of the Inoceramidae
ranging from Upper Triassic to Bajocian(abundant in Lower Jurassic).
In the description of Inoceramus dunveganensis MCLEARN, 1926, from the Upper
Albian to Middle or Upper Cenomanianof northern Alaska, ]ONES and GRYC
(1960, p. 159-160) mentioned that after
the she!! attains to 25 to 50 mm in height
the anterior marginal area becomes flatand new shell material is added to forma broadly rounded skirt which, in turn,is in some specimens developed into an
anterior wing. They consider that tl:edevelopment of the anterior wing isvariab'e and that its presence or absence
is not of specific importance in thatspecies.
In the meanwhile SEITZ (1962) notified
the presence of the anterior ear in Inoceramus mantelli (MERCEY) BAimors, 1879,
from the Coniacian of Europe, I. expansus
BAILY, 1855, from the Senonian of South322'Tats~wo

MATS UMOTO and Masayuki N ODA

Africa, and also I. coYdiinitialis iclw ntensis SEITZ, 1961, from the Santonian ofGermany. SEITZ, furthermore, remarked
that a narrow opening is found between
the anterior ears of both valves and thatit probably worked as a byssal notch.
Prior to these works SOKOLOW (1914)
described the presence of a small anterior
ear, in addition to the distinct posterior
wing, in In oceYamu s pilvoensis SOKOLOW,
from the Upper Cretaceous of north
Sakhalin, which is apparently similar toI. heycynicu s but actually dubious in its
systematic position (see NAGAO and
MATSUMOTO, 1940, p. 54). Similarly a
sma ll anterior and a longer posteriorwings are distinctl y demarcated from themain part of the valve in Ino ceyamu s
ku siyoensis NAGAO and MATSUMOTO,
from the Maastrichtian of eastern Hokkaido. In the last species, which is again
taxonomically problematic, the ligamenta! pits are discernible along theinner margin of both the anterior andposterior wings. In other words the beakis not terminal. Accordingly the anterior wing in that species is not identicalwith the anterior ear or wing-like area
under consideration.
The aforementioned idea of SEITZ canwell be applied to the anterior ear of I.
teya olw i, although the secondarily flattened preservation of our specimens may
not be adequate for restoring the byssal
opening. In I. teyao/wi, as shown in Textfig . 2, the ligamenta! pits are observed
along the hinge-line, which does not extend to the dorsal margin of the anterior
ear. The ear itself is short and narrow,showing an obtuse angle. The anteroventral margin of the ear passes gradually to the gently curved anteroventral
margin of the main valve. Therefore anarrow gape must have ex isted between
the anterior ears of both valves. The
anterior ear is, _thus, a distinctive char-acter of the present species, although it
may not be preserved in some sp ecimens.
Many of inocerami species are indeed
geographically widespread, being goodindex fossils for the interregional correlation, but in what way they have been
distributed so widely needs special explanation. HAY AMI (oral communication,
Sept. 25, 1967, in a lecture at Kyushu
University) has suggested us an idea ofthe pseudoplanktonic distribution ofcertain inocerami species. In fact somespecimens of Paminoce1'amu s dubiu s
SOWERBY, 1826, in the Holzmaden Posidonienschiefer, Germany, show a situation of the she ll attached to a piece ofdrifted wood, as reported by ] ESSERIES
et a!. (1965). HAY AMI considers, as aworking hypothesis, that such a pseudoplanktonic mode of life may have been
kept only in an immature stage of numerous widespread species of later geological ages. His idea is indeed interestingText-fig. 2. Ino ce ramu s ter aokai s p.
nov. GK. I-!6833, holot y pe, s howing thehing e-line and the anterior ear ( naturals ize) . The sa me s pec imen in a different light is s ho w n by Pl. 32, Fig. l.

543.

Inoceramus teraokai

but awaiting further evidence.
We think that in a limited number of
species the mode of the sessile andpseudoplanktonic life may have continued up to the mature stage. In such
mytiliform species as Inoceramus labiatus
the byssus might have been extruded
through an apparently indiscernible slit
as in the recent species of Mytilus. BoHM
(1915, 1920) has already recognized abyssal gape between the curved anterior
margins in Inoceramus (Sphaenoceramus)
nasutus WEGNER and I. (5.) cardissoides
GOLDFUSS. In some other species a byssal opening is formed between the anterior ears, as SEITZ has pointed out. It isinteresting to note that Inoceramus
teraokai belongs to the same group as I.
mantelli, which is provided with a distinct anterior ear.
Problem of Subgeneric Assignment
We do not intend to give in this paper
comprehensive comments on the classification of the Inoceramidae. Only a short
remark is given in connexion with theabove described new species.
It is certain that I. anglicus WOODS,
1911, I. crippsi MANTELL, 1822, I. reachensis ETHERIDGE, 1881, I. latus SOWERBY,
1828, I. incertus ]IMBO, 1894, I. yubarensis
NAGAO and MATSUMOTO, 1940, and I.
mantelli BARROIS, 1879, constitute amajor evolutional series, as WOODS (1912)
demonstrated and as one of us (MA TSUMOTO, 1959) mentioned. In view of theaffinity with the last four species, I.
cycloides WEGNER, 1905, and I. ezoensis
YOKOYAMA, 1890, probably represent theSantonian species of the same series. I.
labiatus (SCHLOTHEIM, 1813) is referable
to the same stock, but it may represent
a specialized offshoot, as MATSUMOTO(1959, p. 85) has remarked. In our opinion
I. dunveganensis MCLEARN, 1926, with323

which I. athabaskensis MCLEAN, 1945, issynonymous, belongs to the same subgroup as I. anglicus-I. crippsi.
These species are all subequivalve or
equivalve and be can distinguished fromanother evolutional series which includes
more distinctly inequivalve species, suchas I. lamarc!zi PARKINSON, 1819 and I.
cuvieri SowERBY, 1814. To the lattergroup are referable the japanese species
I. hobetsensis NAGAO and MATSUMOTO,
1939. As one of us (MATSUMOTO, 1959,
p. 84) briefly mentioned, we are inclined
to seek the ultimate origin of this groupin I. concentricus PARKINSON, 1819, andnot in I. anglicus Wooos.
If the type-species of Inoceramus
SOWERBY, 1814, is settled at Inoceramus
cuvieri SOWERBY, 1814, the subgenericname Inoceramus (s. s.) should be used
for the latter group, and the species ofthe former series should come underanother name or other names.
Although the validity of many of thegeneric and subgeneric names proposed
by HEINTZ (1932, etc.) is nomenclatorially
doubtful, because of lack of clear diagnosis and of nomen nudum situation of
the designated type-species, some of them
could be validated.
Platyceramus HEINTZ, 1932, was proposed with designation of the type-species
Inoceramus mantelli (MERCY) BARROIS.
HEINTS, however, gave no generic diagnosis nor distinction from other genera.
SEITZ (1961, p. 54) used it as a subgenericname, giving a clear diagnosis.
Should Mytiloides BRONGNIART, 1822,be restricted to the subgroup of I.
labiatus, which is characterized by anextremely obliquely elongated form andis interpreted here as an offshoot fromthe main stock, the Platyceramus could
be used as a subgeneric name for the
subgroup of I. mantelli. However, if I.
latus was interpreted as a mere variant

324

Tatsuro MATSUMOTO and Masayulci NODA

of I. labiatus, Platyceramus might fall ina synonym of Mytiloides. We do notfollow this interpretation.
Because I. latus, I. incertus and I.
yubarensis are intimately related to I.
mantelli, they are referable to Platyceramus. I. ezoensis has already beenreferred to subgenus Platyceramus by
SEITZ (1961, p. 92). Since I. teraokai
closely resembles I. latus and I. incertus,
it can also be assigned to Platyceramus.
HEINTZ (1932, p. 6) proposed the genericname Gneisioceramus* for Inoceramus
crippsi. This generic name might havea page priority to Patyceramus HEINTZ(1932, p. 10), unless the distinction of subgeneric significance could be found between I. crippsi and I. mantelli. In I.
crippsi, as well as in I. anglicus, the concentric ribs are more or less crowded
but the concentric rings are undeveloped
or indiscernible. I. reachensis and aforementioned Turonian and Senonian descendants, including I. mantelli, numerous, fine, concentric rings are clearly
developed in combination with the major* Gneisioceramus HEINZ, 1932, is nomenclatorially invalid, because the type-species
was not designated. I. crippsi was taken only
as an example.

ribs. In this respect the two subgroups
can be distinguished. The former subgroup seems to include subequivalve (i.e.
slightly inequivalve) form, while thespecies of the latter group are all equiva!ve. Thus at least a subgeneric distinction is, in our opinion, warrantablebetween the subgroup of I. crippsi (i.e.
Gneisioceramus) and that of I. mantelli(i. e. Platyceranzus).
A question may arise whether the distinction between the series of I. cuvieriand that of I. crippsi- I. mantelli is evaluated as generic or subgeneric. To settle
the problem we have to study more comprehensively. For the time being we
describe the present new species under
the generic name of Inoceramus in a
broad sense. It can be called Inoceramus(Platyceramus) teraokai, if one wishes totell the subgeneric assignment.
References
BARROIS, C. (1879): Sur quelques especes
nouvelles ou peu connues du terrain cretace du Nord de Ia France. Ann. Soc.
Geol. Nord, 6, 449-457, 3 pis.
BoH\1, ]. (1915): Vorlage von Inoceramen
aus dem subhercynen Emscher und Untersenon. Zeitsch. Deutsch. Geol. Ges., 67,

Explanation of Plate 32
Inoceramus teraokai sp. nov. (all figures of natural size)
Fig. 1. GK. H6833, holotype, internal mould of a right valve, from Joe. TA 204 [ = CF 14 of
TERAOKAJ.
Fig. 2. GK. 6834, paratype, incomplete internal mould of a left valve. A portion of the holotype
at the upper right corner.
Fig. 3. GK. H6835, para type, incomplete internal mould of another left valve, from the typelocality.
The above three specimens are on the same stratification plane of a siltstone.
Fig. 4. GK. H6836, para type, internal mould of a left valve (a) and a rubber model taken fromexternal mould of the same individual (b), from Joe. TA209.
Fig. 5. GK. H6837, para type, iternal mould of a left valve, from Joe. TA 204.
Kyushu University Photos, without whitening. GK.= Department of Geology, Kyushu University.

MATSUMOTO and NODA:

Inoceramus teraokai

Plate 322

54.'-J.

inoceramus teraokai

181-183.
- - (1920): Ober Inoceramus cardissoides
auct. jahrb. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 40(1919), 65-70.
Cox, L. R. (1954) : Taxonomic notes on IsoProc.
gnomonidae and Bakevelliidae.
Malacol. Soc. London, 31, (2), 46-49.
FUJll, Koji (1954) : Stratigraphy and geologic
structure of the Usuki area, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu. jour. Geol. Soc. japan, 60,
413-427; 494-500. (i1;1 Japanese with English abstract).
HAY AMI, Itaru (1960) : Jurassic Inoceramids
in Japan. jour. Fac. Sd. Univ. Tokyo, [2],12, (2), 277-328, pis. 15-18.
HEINZ, R. (1932) : Aus der _neuen Systematik
der lnoceramen. Mitt. Min. -Geol. Staatsinst., Hamburg, 13, 1-26.
JEFFERIES, R. P. S. and MINTON, P. (1965) :The mode of life of two Jurassic species
of 'Posidonia' (Bivalvia). Palaeont., 8,(1), 156-185, pl. 19.
}oNES, D. L. and GRYc, G. (1960): Upper
Cretaceous pelecypods of the genus Inoceramus from nothern Alaska. Geol. Surv.
Prof. Paper 334-E, 149-165, pis. 15-23.
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro (1936):
GeologicalHistory of the Onogawa basin, Kyushu.
jour. Geol. Soc. japan, 43, 758-786; 815852 (in Japanese).
- - (1959): Zonation of the Upper Cretaceous in Japan. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu
Univ., [D], Geol., 9, (2), 55-93, pl. 6-11.
NAGAo, Takumi, and MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro(1939-1940) : A monograph of the Cretaceous Inoceramus of Japan. jour. Fac. Sci.,
Hokkaido Imp. Univ., [4], 4, 241-299, pis.
23-34 [1-12] (1939) ; Ibid., 6, 1-64, pis. 1-22.
NooA, Masayuki (1968) : Biostratigraphic
study of the Onogawa Group, Kyushu.
Res. Rep. Fac. Sd., Kyushu Univ., Geol.,11, (1) (in Japanese with English abstract)(in press).
PETRASCHECK, W. (1904) : Ober Inoceramen
Himenoura
Meijibashi
Notsu-machi
Ono-gunOnogawa

~l:i

iill

A~ i~ l~!l!f iii! lliJ*- !l!f ~"I
tr 111

*

Otomi
Tano
Tarabaru
Shonoharu

325

a us det; . Kreide Bah mens und Sachsens.
jahrb, k. k. Geol. Reichsanst., 53 (for 1903)
153-168, pis. 8.
SEIZ, Otto (1921) : Die stratigraphisch wichtigen Inoceramen des norddeutschen
Turons. Zeitsch. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell.,73, 99-107.
- - (1934): Die Variabilitiit des Inoceramus
labiatus V. ScHLOTH. jahrb. Preuss. Geol.
Landesanst., 55, 429-474, pis. 36-40.
- - (1961): Die Inoceramen des Santon von
Nordwestdeutschland, I. Teil. Beih, Geol.
jahrb., 46, 186p., 15 pis.
- - (1962): Uber Inoceramus (Platyceramus)
mantelli MERCEY (BARROIS) aus dem
Coniac und die Frage des Byssus-Ausschnittes bei Oberkreide-Inoceramen. Geol.
jahrb., 79, 353-386, incl. pis. 10-13.
SoKoLow, D. W. (1914) : Kreideinoceramen
des russischen Sachalin. Mbn. Comite
Geol., [N. S.], 83, 95p., 6 pis.
TAKA!, Yasuaki, and MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro(1961): Cretaceous-Tertiary unconform-,
ity Nagashima! southwest Kyushu. Mem.
Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ. [D], Geol., 11, (2),257-278, pis. 11-12.
TERAOKA, Yasushi (1965) : Cretaceous deposits of the Onogawa basin. jour. Geol.
Soc. japan, 70, 391 (abstract in Japaneseonly).
(1968) : Geological study of the Onogawa basin, Kyushu. Report Geol. Surv.
japan (in press.)
UEDA, Yoshiro (1962): The type Himenoura
Group, with palaeontological notes by
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro, and UEDA, Yoshiro. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., [D],Geol., 12, (2), 129-178, pis. 22-27.
Wooos, Henry (1911-12): A monograph of
the Cretaceous Lamellibranchia of England, Vol. 2, pt. 7, 8, Inoceramus. Palaeontogr. Soc., 1910, 261-284, pis. 45-50 (1911)[Pt. 7]; Ibid, 1911, 285-340, pis. 51-54( 1912) [Pt. 8].

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