Co-Editors
Associate editor

Itaru HAY AMI and Tsunemasa SAITO
Tomowo OZAWA

Officers for 1979-1980

President : Tetsuro HANAI
Councillors:

Kazuo ASAMA, Kiyotaka CHI NZEI, Takashi HAMADA, Te tsuro HAN AI,

Itaru HAYAMI, Hisayoshi IGO, Kametoshi KANMERA, Tamio KOTAKA, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO, Ikuwo OBATA, T sunemasa SAITO, Tsugio SHUTO, Yokichi
T AKA YANAGI, Toshimasa T ANAl, Ryuzo TORIY AMA
Members of Standing Committee :Kazuo ASAMA (Finance), Kiyotaka CHINZEI(General Affairs), Takashi HAMADA (Planning), Itaru HA YAMI (Transactions),
Hisay oshi IGO (Foreign Affairs), Ikuwo OBATA (Membership), Tsunemasa
SAITO (Tran sacti ons), Tsugio SHUTO (Special Papers), Yokichi TAKA YANAGI("F ossils' ')Secretaries:

Yoshihiro T AN IMURA (Membership), Kunihiro ISHI ZAKI("Fossils"),

Tomowo OZ AWA (Transactions), Toshiyuki YAMAGUCHI (General Affairs),
juichi YANAGIDA and Ienori FU]IYAMA (Special Papers)
Auditor:

Sumio SAKAGAMI

The fossil on the cover is Nipponi tella explica ta HANZAWA, an aberrant
uncoiled fusulinacean from the Lower Permian Sakamotozawa Formation,southern Kitakami, Northeast japan.

All communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN,
c/ o Business Center for Academic Societies,
Yayoi 2-4-16, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, japan.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 120, pp. 405-4l8, pI. 50, December 30, 1980

722. INOCERAMIDS DISCOVERED FROM THE UW AJIMA GROUPIN THE CHIKANAGA DISTRICT, WESTERN SHIKOKU, JAPANSHUlCHl Y ANAl
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113

Abstract. A number of pelecypod fossils belonging to Inoceramus yabei, I.
teshioensis, and I. uwajimensis were discovered from the Shimanto Terrain in the
Chikanaga district to the east of Uwajima, western Shikoku. This paper is concerned with their brief descriptions and with their significances on the stratigraphy·of the Shimanto Supergroup. These inoceramids indicate Gyliakian to Urakawan
ages and the existence of strata in the Chikanaga district which are synchronouswith the Uwajima Group in the type area. In addition to the occurrence of anearly Miyakoan ammonoid Cheloniceras (NAKAI and HADA, 1966), these fossils su·ggestthat the shelf-facies Uwajima Group conformably overlies the geosynclinal facies
Shimanto Group. It is confirmed not only from the biostratigraphical standpoint ofview, but also from the lithostratigraphy, geologic structures and field observations.
Taking the recently published report on the presence of the shallow sea strata
within the geosynclinal ones in the Yukawa district of Western Kii· Penimfula(NAKAZA\\·A et al., 1979) into consideration, the above-mentioned features give aclue to elucidate the tectonic development of the northern marginal part of the
Shimanto Geosyncline.

and acid tuffs as minor constituents.
Owing to the scarcity of guide fossils,
the relatively monotonous lithofacies andthe complicated geologic structures, thedetailed stratigraphy and geologic structure of this supergroup are not yet fully
clarified except for such districts as
Akaishi Mountain (KIMURA, 1967; KIMURA and TOKUY AMA, 1971; TOKUY AMA,
1973; OGAWA, 1978) and a part of Kii
Peninsula (HASHIMOTO, 1968; MOROZUMI,
1970a, b). According to the evidences offossils from some limited places, the strataof the Shimanto Supergroup are mostlyof the Cretaceous (MATSUMOTO, 1954).
However, somt> Jurassic strata may be
included, because of the occurrence ofsuch Upper Jurassic fossils as Opis (Trigonopis) aff. corallina DAMON from

Introduction

The wide area on the south of the
Butsuzo tectonic line in Southwest Japanand Kanto mountain is called the Shimanto
Terrain. It is further divided into twoareas; one is the Shimanto Terrain in anarrow sense on the north and the otheris the Setogawa-Nakamura Terrain on thesouth. The strata distributed in the
Shimanto Terrain in a narrow sense arecalled the Shimanto Supergroup in
Shikoku.
The Shimanto Supergroup consists
mainly of clastic rocks with subordinate
basic volcanics, chert, lentils of limestone* Received June 2, 1980; read June 29, 1980
at the 125th Meeting of the Society at Kochi.
405

406

Shuichi Y ANAl

Kashiwagi, Nara Prefecture (IcHIKAWA,
1954) and Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous radiolarians from Eastern Shikoku(NAKASEKO, 1979; NAKAsEKo et al., 1979).
In the Uwajima and its adjacent districts of Western Shikoku are distributed
the Upper Cretaceous fossiliferous strata
called the Uwajima Group. A large numberof marine fossils as ammonoids, bivalvesand echinoids occur at various horizons of
this group (TANABE, 1972; TERAOKA
and OBATA, 1975). In addition to them,it yields such plant fossils, as A rchaeozostera, which indicates a very shallow sea
with the influence of fresh water (KORIBA
and MIKI, 1931).
Furthermore, somethick conglomerates and thin coal seams
occur. These facts show that the Uwajima Group is mainly composed of depositsof shelf-facies in a shallow sea. According to TANABE (1972), this group of thetype area ranges from the Cenomanian tolower Campanian (Japanese Gyliakian to
Urakawan) in age, although about its
upper and lower limits there are somedifferent opinions (NAKANO, 1964; TERAOKA and OBATA, 1975).
The Shimanto Group, limestone-bearing
strata of geosynclinal facies, are distributed around the Uwajima Group. A
part of the Shimanto Group is called theKitanada Formation in the southern
Uwajima district.
Strata, which arethought to be almost contemporaneouswith this formation, are also distributedin the southern, western and easternparts of the Chikanaga district to theeast of Uwajima (SUGAr, in KOBAYASHI,
1950) (Text-fig. 2). The age of this formation is now considered to be Aptian
to Albian, because some Aptian ammonoids
occur from its lower part at the south of
Chikanaga (NAKAI and HADA, 1966), andbecause Pterophyton d. miyakoense YABE,
which is comparable with a species fromthe Aptian-Albian Miyako Group, occurs

from a limestone at Kuninaga, south of
Uwajima (KOBAYASHI, 1950).
The strata synchronous with the Uwajima Group are also distributed in thecentral main part of the Chikanaga
district (YEHARA, 1924; SUZUKI, 1935,
1936; SUGAI, 1935; NAGAI et aI., 1967;
TERAoKA and OBATA, 1975). NAGAI et al.
(1967) listed some Inocerami from the
Chikanaga district in the explanatory textof the geologic map of Ehime Prefecture(1/200,000).
Recently, TERAOKA and
OBA TA (1975) clarified the existence ofConiacian to Santonian strata in thesouthern part of the Chikanaga district.
However, the detailed stratigraphy andgeologic structures in this district are notyet fully studied.
Furthermore, thestratigraphical and structural relationshipbetween the Uwajima Group and the
Shimanto Group in this district, remain
uncertain, although a conformable relationship between the two is confirmed by
KUDO (1949) and TANABE (1972) in the
Uwajima district.
The Shimanto Superoup is partly
shallow sea sediments as already pointed
by MATSUMOTO and HIRATA (1969),
HA YAMI (1969) and others. Very recently
NAKAZAWA et al. (1979) described someshallow marine bivalve fossils of Aptian
to Albian ages from the sandstones of the
Yukawa Formation (HIRA YAMA andTANAKA, 1956) in the area just to thesouth of the Butsuzo tectonic line in theKii Peninsula. Moreover, they clarified
from the sedimentological standpoint thatthe fossil bearing sandstones were
deposited under a neritic environment.
Occurrences of Aptian-Albian nentlc
ammonoids and bivalves in Central Shikoku(MATSUMOTO et al., 1952; HAYAMI andKAWASAWA, 1967; etc.) show that a shelf
existed along the northern marginal partof the Shimanto Geosyncline at that time.
The position corresponds to the region

722.

Inoceramids discovered from Uwajima

adjacent to the present-day Butsuzo
tectollic lille. The strata of the Urakawan shelf-facies occur also near
Terasoma in the Kii Peninsula (MOROZUMI,1970 a, b) (Text-fig. 1). The relation between the strata of the shelf-facies andthe geosynclinal facies is conformable in
the above-mentioned districts.
The writer discovered many specimens
of Inocerami from the strata in the
Chikanaga district. They indicate various
ages from Cenomanian to Santonian(Gyliakian to Urakawan). In addition to
the Coniacian and Santonian fossils
reported already (TERAOKA and OBATA,
1975), discovery of the Cenomanian toTuronian Inocerami gives a clue toelucidate the stratigraphical relationshipbetween the Uwajima Group of the shelffacies and the Shimanto Group of thegeosynclinal facies. In this paper thewriter gives brief stratigraphic andpalaeontologic descriptions, and discusses
the significance of the discovered fossils
for the age determination of the Shimanto
Supergroup.
The classification of the Inoceramidae,
especially the definition and applicationof many generic and subgeneric names,
is still controversial. Recent studies on
the Japanese species of Cretaceous
inoceramids were undertaken by HAY AMI(1975), NODA (1975), NODA and MATSUMOTO(1976), KAUFFMAN in MATSUMOTO (1977)
and some others. Because each species
often shows wide geographic distribution,
this is actually a problem beyond thewriter's knowledge on a local faunule.
In this paper the writer tentatively
referred three described species to
Inoceramus (s. s.) in agreement with mostof these writers.
Acknowledgemen ts

This study was commenced under the407

direction of Professor Toshio KIMURA of
the University of Tokyo, who gave thewriter a consistent guidance during thefield and laboratory works. The writer
expresses his hearty apprecIatIOn to
Associate Professor Itaru HAY AMI for his
pertinent instruction in the identificationof specimens and critical reading of themanuscript, and to Dr. Tomowo OZAWA
for his valuable advice and ceaselessencouragement in the course of this study.
And his gratitude is due to Dr. Fujio
TOYOHARA of the University of Tokyofor his instructive suggestions, and to
Dr. Ken'ichi KANO of the Shizuoka
University and Mr. Tanio ITO of the
University of Tokyo for their kind help
in various way.
Note on lithostratigraphy

The strata in this district are lithologically divided into six formations,which are Formation-a, -b, -and Formation-f, in upward sequence (Text-figs.
2, 3). Taking fossils collected into consideration, it is presumable that Formationa, -b and -c correspond to the Kitanada
Formation of TANABE (1972), and thatFormation-d, -e and -f are roughly
synchronous with the Uwajima Groupdefined by TANABE (1972).
Formation-a (900 m.) consists mainly ofsandstone, alternated beds of sandstone
and mudstone, and submarine sliding
deposits, intercalated by a few layers ofacid tuff.
Formation-b (350 m.), lying on Formationa conformably, is exclusively composed of
bedded sandy mudstone except for alternation of sandstone and mudstone withan intercalation of acid tuff. The sandy
mudstone is micaceous and contains
abundant thin laminae of fine-grainedsandstone. Carbonized plant fragments
are sometimes found.

Shuichi Y ANAl

408

13~·

32.-+-

S.-N.:Setogawa-Nakamura Ter.

134·oText-fig. 1.

100

Sh:Shimanto Terrain
B.T.L.: Butsuzo
Tectonic Line
400km.

Index map. 1: Chikanaga district; 2: Central Shikoku;
3: Terasoma district; 4: Yukawa district.

Formation-c (350 m.) is chiefly composed of submarine sliding deposits(olistostrome), associated with minor
amount of calcareous bedded mudstone.
Several huge blocks of limestone (olistolith)
are contained.
Formation-d (320 m.), which conformably
overlies Formation-c, comprises massive,
shale-patch-bearing sandstone with subordinated mudstone and alternating bedsof sandstone and mudstone. The sandstone
is feldspathic and contains abundant
carbonized plant fragments at somehorizons. Interformational conglomerate,
15 meters in maximum thickness, is often
found in the northwestern part of this
district.
Plant fossil, A rchaeozostera,reported at Nagatani (Loc. 25 in Text-fig.
5) by NAGAI et al. (1967) occurs within
this Formation.
Formation-e (50-300 m.) covers Formation-d with conformity. It contains
chiefly submarine sliding deposits (slump

breccia).
Formation-f (2,000 m.), which conformably covers Formation-e, is composed ofsandstone, sandy mudstone and alternations of sandstone and mudstone withlentils of submarine sliding deposits anda few layers of acid tuff. The sandstone
is lithic and intercalates cobble-bearing
conglomerate. The sandy mudstone is
generally massive, but sometimes bedded.
Two Aptian ammonites, Cheloniceras(Cheloniceras) shimizui NAKAI and HADA,
and Cheloniceras (Cheloniceras)aff.
minimum CASEY, occur from Formationb (Loc. 38) (NAKAI and HADA, 1966).
The writer also collected some ammonite
fragments of the same species from thesame locality. Furthermore, ammonite
fragments, which can not be identified,because of the ill-preservation, were alsocollected from two pointos to the westof Chikanaga (Locs. 38, 40).
Fossils of Inoceramus are often found722.

Inoceramids discovered from Uwadima

in Formation-f.
Three species are
represented in the present collection;
they are Inoceramus yabei, Inoceramus
teshioensis and Inoceramus uwajimensis.
These fossils are generally poorly preserved but worthy to be described, because
they seem to give a foundation to thegeology of the Shimanto Terrain.

Systematic description
Class Bivalvia
Subclass Pteriomorphia BEURLEN, 1944
Order Pterioida NEWELL, 1965
Suorder Pteriina NEWELL, 1965
Family Inoceramidae GIEBEL, 1852
Genus Inoceramus SOWER BY, 1814
Subgenus Inoceramus SOWERBY, 1814

Inoceramus (Inoceramus) yabei NAGAO
and MATSUMOTO
PI. 50, Figs. 1-4

Synonymy.-See HAY AMI (1975, p. 52).
Type.- The spesimen illustrated by
NAGAO and MATSUMOTO (1939, pI. 34,
figs. 6a, b; IGPS cat. no. 22685) was
designated by MATSUMOTO and HARADA(1964, p. 96) as the lectotype of Inoceramus
yabei.
Material.- The following description isbased on four specimens in the present
collection; an internal mould of articulated
valves (MM 5713), a left internal mould(MM 5714) and two right internal moulds(MM 5715, MM 5716).
Description.-Shell moderate in size,
subequivalve or inequivalve, inequilateral,roughly tlabelliform in outline, as long as
high or higher than long. Antero-dorsal
margin nearly straight or slightly exca-409

va ted ; Postero-dorsal also long, straightor slightly arched. Beak variable in prominence but generally more prominent inleft valve than in right. Beak angle
generally obtuse (120°-140°).
Anterodorsal marginal part nearly perpendicular
to the comisure plane.
Surface sculptured with comarginal
ridges and rings; the ridges rather inconspicuous and finer on the umbonal
region, elevated in the main part of thevalve, asymmetrically wavy in crosssection with subangular to angular top
and tlattened bottom, relatively irregular
in interval and prominence. Concentricrings present on the ribs as well as theinterspaces, usually low and irregular inbreadth.
Observation andcmnparison. - The
present specimens are more or lesssuffered from the secondary deformation,and the ventral part of these specimens
is incompetely preserved.
Although they are somewhat smaller
in size than the specimens described by
NAGAO and MATSUMOTO (1939), all theessential characters, especially the surface
ornamentation and the shell outline, arequite identical with Inoceramus (Inoceramus) yabei NAGAO and MATSUMOTO.
Some of specimens are similar to
Inoceramus teshioensis
NAGAO
and
MA TSUMOTO in outline, but they canreadily be distinguished from that species
by the surface ornamentation.
Occurrence.-Fine sandy mudstone at
Loc. 1, Ouchi, Mima-cho (MM 5713,
MM 5714).
Similar specimens werecollected from the sandy mudstone at
Loc. 2, about 300 meters southwest of
Loc. 1. The other specimen was collectedfrom shale patch-bearing sandy mudstone
at Loc. 12, Narifuji, Hiromi-cho (MM5715, MM 5716).
The species was previously reported
from the Uwajima district without record

410

Shuichi YANAIoI

Dl• ~1l2(t) §6(bl~3(e) ~=j 7(n)1:::::::]4(d) I '18~10~;i~~~~A 5(c) 1+ ++19...................Foult

/

722.

of the precise locality
MATSUMOTO, 1940, p. 5).

500

411

Inoceramids discovered from Uwajima

en
=>

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o

(NAGAO

and

Inoceramus (Inoceramus) teshioensis
NAGAO and MATSUMOTO
PI. 50, Figs. 5-7

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Synonymy.-See HAY AMI (1975, p. 53)
and NODA (1975, p. 251).
Type.-The specimen illustrated by
NAGAO and MATSUMOTO (1939, pI. 24,
fig. 7; UMUT MM 6487 (=1-721)) was
designated by NODA (1975, p. 252) as thelectotype of Inoceramus teshioensis.
Materia/.- The present sprecies is represented by three specimens in the present
collection; a left internal mould (MM 5717,
24 mm. long, 36 mm. high), a left internalmould (MM 5718) and an internal mouldof right and left valves (MM 5719).
Description.-Shell small or moderate
m size,subequivalve,inequilateral,higher than long, considerably inflated;
anterior part steeply inclined and nearly
perpendicular to the plane of valve andconcave. Antero-dorsal margin rounded,gradually passing to arcuate ventral andpostero-ventral ones; ventral margin
nearly semi-circular, passing upwards tothe broadly curved posterior margin.
Hinge-line of moderate length, nearly as

'-'

en
en

Text·fig. 3. Geologic columnar sectionof the Chikanaga district. 1: sandstone;
2: sandy mudstone; 3: alternation of sandstone and mudstone; 4: slump breccia; 5:conglomerate; 6: limestone; 7: acid tuff;
8: cross-stratification; 9: fossil; 10: plantfossil, Archaeozostera. a-f: Forwation a-f.

Text-fig. 2. Geologic map of the Chikanaga district. 1: Quaternary sodiments; 2: sandy
mudstone and sandstone; 3: slump breccia; 4: feldspathic sandstone; 5: slump breccia; 6: bedded
mudstone; 7: slump breccia, sandstone and mudstone; 8: limestone; 9: Miocene Takatsukiyama
granitic rocks; 10: Sambosan Terrain. (a) -(f) : Formation a-f in upward sequence. (see Textfigs. 3 and 4). A-A'-A" etc: position of geologic cross setions (in Text-fig. 4).

+--

412

Shuichi Y ANA lA";'

if <'/Y~:~ /~:~'r;cr;!'f a\f.j~IJ'1·i~·/?~\~'7/~·~'I''·:;t~~;;:; ]·t··!Wi'!!J!J,'·-;i>'··'iI1>¢. ::;;:
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; .... .~)'! f ........ +'"," ';,,'..','>-'';.-=-= :c.

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LE GEND;

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T ex t-fig. 4, Geolog ic cross s =ctions.

c=J: Fm.-a [[]:Fm.-f

722.

Inoceramids discovered from Uwajima

long as or slightly longer than a half ofthe shell-length (1/2).
Concentric undulation, rather low,asymmetically curved and regular in
intensity and distance; concentric rings
combined with the major concentric ribs
which are somewhat asymmetrical incross-section, separated by wider interspaces.
Observation and comparison.-From theabove-mentioned characters, the present
specimens are possibly identified with
Inoceramus (Inoceramus) teshioensis NAGAO
and MATSUMOTO. The present specimen(MM 5718) is especially similar in surface
ornamentation to the specimen of thisspecies illustrated by NODA (1975, pI. 35,
fig. 2). One of the present specimen(MM 5717) has a ratio L/B smaller thanthe lectotype, illustrated by NAGAO and
MATSUMOTO (1939, pI. 24, fig. 7), andfurthermore, the umbo is remarkably
prominent. These differences may be
due to secondary deformations.
Occurrence.-Fine sandy mudstone at
Loc. 28, Izume, Hiromi-cho (MM 5717,
MM 5718) and calcareous sandy mudstone
at Loc. 11, Katayama, Mima-cho (MM5719).

Inoceramus (Inoceramus) uwajimensis
YEHARAPI.

5C, Figs. 8-13

Synonymy.-See BAY AM! (1975, p. 54)
and NODA (1975, p.253).
Type.- The specimen illustrated by
YEHARA (1924, pI. 3, fig. 2) was designated by MATSUMOTO in TAKA! andMA TSUMOTO (1961, p. 273) as the lectotypeof Inoceramus uwajimensis.
A1aterial.-Eight specimens, which are
relatively well-preserved, are concernedwith description in the following lines.
They are; a right internal mould (MM4135720, 36+mm. long, 44 mm. high), aninternal moulds of right and left valves(MM 5721, 16+mm. long, 22 mm. high;MM 5722, 12+mm. long, 20+mm. high),a right internal mould (MM 5723, 42+mm. long, 58 mm. high), a right internalmould (MM 5724, 38+mm. long, 44 mm.
high), two right internal moulds (MM5725, MM 5726) and a right internalmould (MM 5727).
Description.-Shell very inequilateral,
moderately convex with flattened sides.
Antero-dorsal margin straight or slightly
concave, passing gradually to broadly
arched anterior one; ventral margin
narrowly rounded with a subsymmetricalcurvature. Posterodorsal wing-like area
is generally not clearly defined except for
one specimen (Text-fi. 9). Umbo terminal,
incurved, pointed.
Surface ornamentation consists ofnumerous coarse, regular or somewhat
irregular concentric ribs, separated byconcave inters paces.
Concentric ribs
rather inconspicuous on the umbonal region,
enlarged in the main part of valve andsymmetrically wavy in cross-section withsubangular to angular top.
Observation and c071lparison.-In many
characters the present specimens closely
resemble hitherto known species of
Inoceramus (Inoceramus)
uwajimensis
YEHARA. The adult individuals of thisspecies from the Uwajima Group, as
represented by the lectotype and manyother specimens, attain larger size. But
in view of the ovate outline and the ratioof length/height and the prominency ofumbo and low, sharp-topped concentricribs and other characteristics, they must
belong to this species.
One of the present specimens (MM5721, MM 5722) is quite similar to theoriginal specimens of Inoceramus uwajimensis var. yeharai NAGAO and MATSUMOTO, illustrated by NAGAO and MATSU-

Sh'/,~ichi

414

MOTO (1939, pI. 34, figs, 2, 5, pI. 35, fig.
4). The variety was usually distinguishedfrom the typical form of Inoceramus
uwajimensis YEHARA by the developed
posterior wing-like region, longer hingeline, pentagonal outline and larger apicalIn these respects the present
angle.
specimen is transitional between the twoforms.
One specimen (MM 5724) is apparently
similar to Inoceramus mihoensis MATSUMOTO, which is characterized by thefiabelliform outline and obtuse beak angle(MATSUMOTO, 1957, p. 65, pI. 21, figs. 14.). It was collected from a bed of somewhat higher horizon, where Inoceramus
uwajimensis YEHARA coexist.

"-

LEGEND:

~

"-

.';'

--.~

x: Fossil locality,: Limestone

/

I

o

2

4km

L . '_ - - ' _ - - - ' ,G:Granite

D:Sambosan Terrain

Text-fig. 5. Map showing the localities
of fossils in the Chikanaga district. Fm.d: Formation-d in Text-figs. 2-4.

Y ANAlOccurrence.-Fine sandy mudstone at
Loc. 9, Katayama, Mima-cho (MM 5720),
Loc. 42, Ketagawa, Mima-cho (MM 5721,
MM 5722), Loc. 5, Seizui, Hiromi-cho(MM 5723), Loc. 49, Matsumaru, Matsunocho (MM 5724), Loc. 43, Nojiri, Matsunocho (MM 5725, MM 5726) and Loc. 33,
Tanikirai, Hiromi-cho (MM 5727).

Concluding remarks
The newly discovered marine faunulefrom the Uwajima Group in the Chikanaga
district is mainly composed of three
species of bivalves as described above.
In addition to them, ammonoids andechinoids were collected. Some specimens
of Inoceramus (Inoceramus) amakusensis
NAGAO and MATSUMOTO, being regarded
as an index fossil of the Santonian, wasalso discovered from the upper part ofthis group in the wuthern area of this
district.
According to MATSUMOTO (1959), thespecies Inoceramus uwajimensis, is restricted to occur from the Coniacian(Japanese lower Urakawan) throughout
the Japanese Islands. It is, moreover,discovered from Sakhalin, Kamchatska,
Alaska and California (NODA, 1975).
Inoceramus teshioensis is diagnostic of
the Turonian (upper Gyliakian), especiallyupper Turonian age. It is fairly commom
in the upper part of the Middle Yezo
Group (Saku Formation and its equivalents),
and in the Onogawa Group (Ryozen
Formation).
The occurrence of Inoceramus yabei
indicates a Cenomanian (Japanese lower
Gyliakian) age (MATSUMOTO, 1967). This
species has been found in the Middle
Yezo Group (MikaEa Sandstone and its
correlatives) of Hokkaido (MATSUMOTO
and HARADA, 1964).
Recently, MATSUMOTO (1978) reported
two Turonian species, Inoceramus (Inocer-

722.

Inoceramids discovered from Uwajima

alnUs) tenuistriatus NAGAO and MATSUMOTO and Mytiloides cf. incertus (jIMBO)
in the fossil collection of YEHARA. They
had been collected near Narifuji, Hiromicho, without record of the precise locality.
The writer discoved the described specimens of Inoceramus yabei also near
Narifuji (Loc. 12).
Takingthe occurrence of fossils
mentiond above into consideration, it is
now firmly concluded that the UwajimaGroup (Formation-d, -e and -f) of the
Chikanaga district ranges from the
Cenomanian to the Santonian, although
there is a possibility that its upper limit
goes up to the lower Campanian. These
palaeontological evidences are consistent
with TANABE's opinion of the UwajimaGroup in the type district.
Some species of Inoceramus are possibly
pseudo planktonic (HAY AMI, 1969). Therefore, sedimentary environment cannot
necessarily be inferred from the occurrenceof Inoceramus. The occurrence of the
A rchaeozostera-like plant fragments with
Inoceramus, and the presence of thickconglomerate (40 m. in maximum thickness) and cross-laminated sandstone atseveral horizons, however, show that thedeposition of the Uwajima Group took
place under shallow shelf environment in
the Chikanaga district.
It is an unsolved problem whether the
Uwajima Group of shelf-facies is conformable with the Shimanto Group ofgeosynclinal facies or not.
However,Formation-b and -c (synchronous with the
Kitanada Formation) are Aptian to Albianin age, and Formation-d, -e and -f (theUwajima Group) Cenomanian to Santonianin age (Text-fig. 3). The result of the
field study on the boundary between
Formation-c and -d also indicates a
conformable relationship between the
two. Therefore, the Uwajima Group isregarded as a part of the Shimanto

415

Supergroup as pointed by TANABE (1972,
p. 185).
As mentioned already, the Lower andUpper Cretaceous strata of shelf-facies
are distributed in several districts along
the northern margin of the Shimanto
Terrain (Text-fig. 1). The srata of shelffacies are also conformabie with those ofgeosynclinal facies III those districts(KATTO, 1961; MOROZUMI, 1970a, b;
NAKAZAWA et ai., 1979). In the light of
the filling up the Shimanto Geosyncline,
the Late Creatceous shelf, on which the
Uwajima Group was deposited, has similar
nature to the Early and Late Cretaceous
shelves mentioned-above, although there
is a difference in scale (Y ANAl, 1979, 1980).
References(J + E= in japanese with English abstract)

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Wakayama Prefecture. Earth Sci. Rept.
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HAYAMI, I. (1969): Notes on Mesozoic "planktonic" bivalves. jour. Geol. Soc. japan,
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icHIKAWA, K. (1954): Molluscan fossils fromthe Osako Formation in the upper courseof the River Yoshino, Nara Prefecture.
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416

Shuichi Y ANAl

KAT TO, J. (1961):
Geology and Mineral
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Kochi Prefecture (in Japanese).
KAUFFMAN, E. G. (1977): Systematic, biostratigraphic, and biogeographic relationships
betweenMiddleCretaceous
Euramerican and north Pacific Inoce·
ramidae. in MATSUMOMO, T. (org.):
Mid-Cretaceous events-Hokkaido Symposium, 1976-Pal. Soc. japan, Spec. Papers
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KIMURA, T. (1967): Geologic structure of
the Shimanto Group in the southern
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- - (1979): Japanese Islands-the Geologicalhistory-II-l the formation of the structural framework of the Japanese Islands.
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(in Japanese).
KORIBA, H. and MIKI, S. (1931): Discussion
on the fossil Archaeozostera sp. nov.
(New appellation) from Cretaceous Izumi
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165-204, pis. 4, 5 (in Japanese).
KUDO, A. (1949): Geology of the Uwajima
District, Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, withspecial reference to the Cretaceous stratigraphy. Graduation thesis of Univ. Tokyo.
(MS).
MATSUMOTO, T. (1954): The Cretaceous
system in the Japanese Islands. 324p.
36pls., japan Soc. Promotion Sci. Res.,Tokyo.
- - (1957): Inoceramus mihoensis n. sp. andits significance. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu
Univ., ser. D, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 65-68, pI.
21.
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Univ., ser. D, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 57-93.
- - (1967): The Cretaceous, Geologic historyof japan. 408-47, Asakura, Tokyo (inJapanese).
- - (1978): On the Late Dr. Shingo YEHARA'S
Collection of fossil Cephalopoda. jour.
Geogr., vol. 87, no. 2, p. 28-35 (J + E).
- - T. and HARADA, M. (1964): Cretaceous
stratigraphy oftheYubari
Dome,
Hokkaido. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ.,
ser. D, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 79-115, pis. 911.
- - and HIRATA, M. (1969): A new ammonites from the Shimantogawa Group
Trans. Proc. Palaeont.
of Shikoku.
Soc. japan, n. s., no. 76, p. 177-184, pI.
20.
- - KIMURA, T. and KATTO, J. (1952):
Discovery of Cretaceous ammonites fromundivided mesozoic complex of Shikoku,
Japan. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., ser.
D, vol. 3, p. 179-186, pI. 13.
MOROZUMI, Y. (1970a): Geology of the east
environs of Yura in Wakayama Prefecture,especially of the Hidakagawa Group along
the Butsuzo tectonic line. Bull. Osaka
Mus. Nat. Hist., no. 23, p. 11-18.
- - (1970b): Upper Cretaceous Inoceramus
from the Shimanto belt of the Kii
Peninsula. Ibid., no. 23, p. 19-24, pis.
2-4.
NAGAI, K., HORIKOSIII, K., MIYAHISA, M.,
KASHI!\lA, Y. and HOGA, Y. (1967):
Explanatory text of geologic map of
Ehime
Prefecture,scale
1: 200,000,
Tomoeya, Matsuyama, (in Japanese).
NAGAO, T. and MATSUMOTO, T. (1939): A
monograph of the Cretaceous Inoceramus
of Japan. Part. 1. jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., [4J, vol. 4, p. 241-299, pI.
29-31.
- - and - - (1940): A monograph of theCretaceous Inoceramus of Japan. Part. 2.
Ibid., [4J, vol. 6, p. 1-64, pis. 1-22.
NAKAI, I. and HADA, S. (1966): Discovery
of Aptian ammonites from Shimantogawa
terrain, western Shilwku. Trans. Proc.
Palaeont. Soc. japan, n. S., no. 62, p.242250, pis. 29, 30.
NAKANO, M. (1964): Upper Cretaceous in
Uwajima, Iyo Prov., Ehime Pref., Shikoku,
Japan. Geol. Rept. Hiroshima Univ., no.

722.

417

Inoceramids discovered from Uwajima

14, p. 77-87.
NAKASEKO, K. (1979): Some aspects of radiolarian micropalaeontology in the geologicalhistory of Japanese Islands.
News of
Osaka Micropaleontologists, no. 7, p. 1926 (in Japanese).
- - , NISHIMl'I~A, A. and SUGANO, K. (1979) :Cretaceous Radiolaria in the Shimanto
Belt, Japan.
News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, Spec. vol., no. 2, p. 1-49,
pis. 1-8 (in Japanese).
NAKAZAWA, K., KUIvION, F. and KI~lliRA, K.
(1979): Occurrence of Cretaceous shallow
sea bivalves from the northern border of
Shimanto Terrain, Kii Peninsula, Southwest Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, n. s., no. 113, p. 15-29, pis. 2, 3.
NODA, M. (1975): Succession of Inoceramus
in the Upper Cretaceous of southwest
Japan. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ.,
ser. D, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 211-265, pis.
32-37.
- - and MATSlievIOTO, T. (1976): Mesozoic
molluscan fossils of Japan 4 (Cretaceous
I noceramus I). Atlas of japanese fossils,
no. 45, 265 (in Japanese).
OGAWA, Y. (1978): Geologic structures of
the Shimanto Group in the northernmost
part of the Akaishi Mountains, central
Japan. Dept. Earth Sci. Nihon Univ.,
Earth Sci., no. 13, p. 33-40.
SUGAI, K. (1935): Geology of the Matsumaru
district, Provo Iyo. Craduation thesis ofUniv. Tokyo. (MS).
SUZUKI, T. (1935): Uno-machi. Expl. Text
Ceol. Map japan, 1: 50,000, Geol, Surv.
Japan, 1 map CJ+E).

- - (1936): Uwajima. Ditto., Geol. Surv.
Japan, 1 map CJ+E).
TAKAI, Y. and MATSUMOTO, T. (1961):
Cretaceous-Tertiary
unconformity
inNagashima, southwest Kyushu. Mem. Fac.
Sci., Kyushu Univ., ser. D, vol. 11, no. 2,
p. 257-278, pis. 11, 12.
T ANADE, K. (1972): Stratigraphy of theCretaceous Formations in the Uwajima
district, Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku.
jour. Ceol. Soc. japan, vol. 78, no. 4, p.
177-190 (]+ E).
TERAOKA, Y. and OI3ATA, I. (1975): Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous UwajimaGroup. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., [C], vol.
8, p. 5-20 (]+ E).
TOKUYAevIA, A. (1973): Shimanto Terrain,
Explanatory text and geologic map of
Shizuoka Prefecture, ed. by Tsuchi, R.,
p. 18-26, Shizuoka Prefecture CJ + E).
YA:"AI, S. (1979): Stratigraphy and geologic
structures of the Shimanto Supergroup in
the Chikanaga district, West Shikoku,
Japan.
Collect. Abs. 86th meeting ofCeol. Soc. japan, in Akita, p. 404 (inJapanese) .
- - (1981): The stratigraphical and palaeogeographical situations of the UwajimaGroup of the shelf-facies within the
Shimanto Supergroup, western Shikoku,
Japan. jour. Ceol. Soc. japan, (in press.)(]+E).
YEI-IARA, S. (1924): On the Izumi-SandstoneGroup in the Onogawa Basin (Prov.
Bungo) and the same Group in Uwajima(Prov. Iyo). japan jour. Ceol. Ceogr.,
vol. 3, p. 27-39.

Chikanaga J!i~,]waya :'5i)-,
Kawanouchi }I[ 0)i*I,
Konishinono 'N§!j!f /<,Kuninaga['!fI7k,
Nakanokawa r:p!j!f}I[,
Narifuji at/ii,
Nobenono yg;!lffk,
Seizui m7Je,
Terasoma~:ftIJ,
Yukawa IJiiJI[.
Hiromi $~,Kashiwagi ffi*,
Komatsu 'J'tL
Kumeji ~*:lill,
Matsumaru t~1L, Nara ~Jlt, Narukawa at}I[, Ouchi :;1(:1*], Shimoeiji T*:tt!l, Uwajima~;f09h,Yuzuriha jQf~+J'~~~~m;m, J!i~:tt!l.fglGO)~;f09h1iilffl1' G¥e~ lJ: 1 / -t '7 J.. 7-{tE: ggl'!flgIjh'f,~;f09h*1J
J!i~:lill.fglGI:.7t;(P-t 7.:> ~;f09h~lffm~1ii J: I)~O)~

Inoceramus yabei, I. teshioensis, I. uwajimensis<0)=-0c~ {tE:a:-¥eJil. L., J!i7J(:lill.fglG,,: t ~flJ9h~t"f c [RJn;'jf\;O)~tJl~~I1:tHE-t 7.:> ;: C 11:
nt-:o ;: n

,t-:

?E*

1'J1i~Uf:Z ~G O)=-0cffiUt, of' D-\' - ;7 t!t11' GOOiiiIiltl:.l 7.:> t 0) -Co,
J: I) ¥IH!;: ~-n't-:gg7j-t~lff 7' p /~ - 11, G O)'gtliltM;ttJjo) 7 :/-'£-7"1 ~ {tE Cheloniceras :a:-~C6n~1ii~~~K:lill~~mgg7j-t~lff~tlt!tU~

c~.m~;f09h~lff-c,(of'Y-\,-;7-00iiiIOO

418

Shuichi Y ANAl
;I;~~iflMl1*-c·~1It-t~;:'.!:;I;:IJJ:lB.!:tS:'0t::.o

it::.,;:'~;:'.!:It, :It!!.~jjJlij1H::'J:'0Lm:tJT~*1.t::.

:It!!.~~Jf, :It!!.~mil!t, !IlTjj-tiM~~fi!i*.!: tjjJlijfIJi1~)\:;l;~o 3lI7k:lt!!.JiJZ-cU. ~5fIJ~~~~Jiffl'l~-ltt::.llitJlil;l;:,')/:I:\-t J: ? I::' 1-- LJeJi 1--, :!1!Hp]*4;t§~Jiffl'lI~Jt, ~t{Jt~;I;, i? f* ~ i::.:@.llbt::,L i?:h
~ J: ? i::' 1-- L jlijil£ U::..!: ;z,.i?:h~o Jli3IT*1!f~:ht::.Im7J-j--*~t~ffll~JII:It!!.JiJZ~ 1:li;w~~f?{E(NAKAZAWA et ai., 1979) i::.hnx. L, J:~c.~*~lt, 1m7J-j--:It!!.rtu*4~t~ffll~mil!tJeJi~~*~~J:-c', tiIlbL~IJ;!d*"'ot!Jp;lt~-

Explanation of Plate 50(All figures of natural size)
Inoceramus (Inoceramus) yabei NAGAO and MATSUMOTO ................................ p. 409
Fig. 1. Internal mould of conjoined valves (MM5713), Loc. 1, Ouchi, Mima-cho. la: lateralview of right valve; Ib: Left valve; 1c: dorsal view.
Fig. 2. Internal mould of left valve (MM5714), Loc. ditto.
Fig. 3. Right internal mould (MM5715), Loc. 12, Narifuji, Hiromi-cho.
Fig. 4. Right internal mould (MM5716), Loc. ditto.
Inoceramus (Inoceramus) teshioensis NAGAO and MATSUMOTO ............................ p. 411
Fig. 5. Left internal mould, tectonically deformed (MM5717), Loc. 28, Izume, Hiromi-cho.
Fig. 6. Left internal mould (MM5718), Loc. ditto.
Fig. 7. Internal moulds of both valves (MM5719), Loc. 11, Katayama, Mima-cho. 7a: lateralview of right valve; 7b: left valve.
Inoceramus (Inoceramus) uwajimensis YEHARA .......................................... p. 413
Fig. 8. Internal mould of right valve (MM5720), Loc. 9, Katayama, Mima-cho.
Fig. 9. Internal moulds of right and left valves (upper: MM5721; lower: MM5722), Loc. 42,
Ketagawa, Matsuno-cho.
Fig. 10. Internal mould of right valve (MM5723), Loc. 5, Seizui, Hiromi-cho.
Fig. 11. Right internal mould (MM5724), Loc. 49, Matsumaru, Matsuno-cho.
Fig. 12. Internal moulds of two right valves (upper: MM5725; lower: MM5726), Loc. 43,
Nojiri, Matsunocho.
Fig. 13. Right internal mould (MM5727), Loc. 33, Yakirai, Hiromi-cho.

YANAI:

Inoceramids from the Uwajima Group

Plate 50

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S., No. 120, pp. 419-448, pis. 51-53, December 30, 1980

723. EARLY CRETACEOUS BIVALVIA FROM THE CHOSHI
DISTRICT, CHIBA PREFECTURE, JAPAN*
ITARU HAYAMI
University Museum, University of Tokyo
Hongo. Bunkyo·ku, Tokyo 113

andTATSUO OJI
Geological Institute, University of Tokyo
Hongo, Bunkyo·ku, Tokyo 113

Abstract. Barremian and early Aptian bivalve fossils from the Choshi Group ofcentral Honshu are examined mainly on the basis of newly collected material as acompanion work to the paper on the coexistent gastropod fossils (KASE and MAEDA,
1980) . Most specimens belong to already named species from the Lower Cretaceous
marine strata of Kwanto mountains and the Outer Zone of Southwest japan, but
their diagnostic characters became clearer owing to the excellent state of preser
vation. The following fifteen species are described in this article: Nuculopsis (Pala.
eonucula) ishidoensis, Portlandia sanchuensis, Mesosaccella (?) choshiensis sp. nov.,
Mesosaccella(?) sp., Solemya sp., Grammatodon (Nanonavis) yokoyamai, Pinna(Pinna) sp., Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia) pocilliformis, Astarte (Astarte) sub.
senecta, Laevicardium (?) sp. aff. L. (?) ishidoense, Rasatrix suzukii sp. nov.,
Caestocorbula shikamai sp. nov., Caestocorbula minima sp. nov., Corbulomima sp.
ct. C. nuciformis and Plectomya aritagawana. Taxonomic comments are also given
to several other bivalves which are not represented in the present collection but
have been recorded from the Choshi Group in some previous works.

etc.). YEHARA (1923) assigned several
trigoniid specimens from this quarry to
Trigonia pocilliformis YOKOYAMA, andthis identification was again confirmed by
TAMURA (1978a).
MAEDA (1962) andHA YAMI (1965a, b) described several specimens of bivalves together with materials
from other regions of Japan, proposing a
few new species of Nipponitrigonia and
Isognomon on the basis of Choshi specimens. SHIKAMA and SUZUKI (1972) listed
and illustrated, though did not describe,

Introduction
Since ISHIWATARI (1906) reported theoccurrence of a trigoniid fossil [PterotrigoniaJ from a quarry at Nagasaki of
Choshi Peninsula, some Early Cretaceous
bivalve fossils from the Choshi Group
were identified and listed by several
workers (YEHARA, 1914; YAMANE, 1924;* Received june 12, 1980; read October 11,
1980 at 126th Meeting of the Society at
Toyama.
419

420

Itaru HAY AMI and Tatsuo OJI

a number of bivalve and other fossils atseveral localities in this peninsula.
Nevertheless, our knowledge of bivalve
fauna from the Choshi Group remains stillinsufficient, because only a few descriptive works were published and because
the preservation of fossils had generally
been regarded as unfavorable. Recently,
however, a calcareous bed containing
numerous exceptionally well-preserved
molluscan fossils was discovered at thecoast of Kimigahama (Loc. 2 in this paper)
about 1 km north of the Cape Inubo-zaki,
Choshi City, by some students of the
University of Tokyo including one of us(T.O.). As to the procedure of fossil
hunting from this locality and the geological background, the reader is referred tothe introductory notes and illustrations in
a companion paper (KASE and MAEDA,
1980) on the gastropods, which appearedin the same journal. Some specimens,
occurred at the coast of Nagasaki (Loc.
4) and Ashikajima (Locs. 7 and 8) of the
Choshi Peninsula, are also worthy to describe, because the shell material, thoughsometimes abraded, is preserved in a fairly
good condition.
Recent stratigraphic works of the Choshi Group were undertaken by SHIKAMAand SUZUKI (1972) and OBATA et al. (1975),
and the geological background of various
fossil beds became clear to a great extent.
OBATA et al. (1975) contributed to the age
determination and international correlationof this group on the basis of widely distributed ammonite species at several horizons. According to them it is known that
the Choshi Group ranges from Barremian
to lower Upper Aptian. However, a newquestion arose about the stratigraphy by
the discovery of a Barremian ammonite,
Barremites sp., in our collection at Loc. 2(OBATA'S personal communication), since
the Kimigahama Formation involving thisfossil locality apparently overlies the

Ashikajima Formation, which has generally been considered as Lower Aptian. This
must be solved by further field investigation.
In the present article fifteen bivalve
species are described on the basis of newly
collected materials. Many specimens actually belong to already named species fromthe Sanchu area of Kwanto mountains
and the Outer Zone of Southwest Japan(western Kii Peninsula, Shikoku and Kyushu), but their specific characters became
clearer by the excellent preservation of
the present material. Four species of
Mesosaccella (?), Rasatrix and Caestocorbula are described as new. The faunal
characters are discussed, taking someother bivalves, which are not represented
in the present collection but were illustrated in previous works, into consideration.

Locality guideLoe. 1 [~Loc. 04 in SHIKAMA and SUZCKI,
1972; ~Loc. 7306 in OBATA et ai., 1975;= Loc. 1 in KASE and MAEDA, 1980J
Location.-Coast of Isejigaura (35°43'13"N,
140 52'19''E) .
Horizon and age.-Basal part of Isejigaura
Formation. Barremian.
Lithology.-Dark grey sandy siltstone withcalcareous concretions, in which fossils
occur.
Fossils.-Solemya sp., Amberleya (Eucyclus)
japonica, Oolitica sp., N eohibolites (?) sp.,
Ptilophyllum pecten.
0Loe. 2 [= Loc. 09 in SI-IIKAMA and St.;ZCKI,
1972; =Loc. 7316 in OBATA et ai., 1975;=Loc. 2 in KASE and MAEDA, 1980J
Location.-Northern coast of Kimigahama(35°42'54"N, 140 0 52'24''E).
Horizon and age.-Middle part of Kimigahama
Formation. Barremian.
Lithology.-Alternation of~ grey fine·grainedsandstone and dark grey siltstone in whicha lens of fossiliferous grey calcareous
sandstone is contained. Fossil bivalves

723.

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia from ChasM

421......... :.

Kurohae. ....... .

........

....,

.r'

ell
V'

•

".
.~, .....
Ashikajima
0S·

Honshu................ ::\1.•:1

Chosht·C i t Y. ',·7
-->

<)

0

Q

"·2 •

.
Takagami........

',:

Inub~'~'~aki ') ••.;" .... ~ :11t. Atago'"..

I""S·'···:::~,?i ··)~IN+o/ ....

'.' \...... ~::>........

~.
Nagasaki,. "" ........

.. "........

5~~>.9""""'" ...... ,,!_...·3····...
o .6 4lkm==::t:::==

1::1

Text-fig. l.

1-=

o

°
o·

Nagasaki-hanaIndex map of the localities of Early Cretaceous
bivalve fossils in the Choshi district.

well preserved and frequently articulated.
Fine ornaments and spines of. gastropods
also well preserved. (see KASE and MAEDA, 1980)
Fossils.-[Fine-grained sandstoneJ Nuculopsis(Palaeonucula)ishidoensis,
Portlandia
sanchuensis, Alesosaccella (?) choshiensis,
Mesosa.ccella (?) sp., Pinna (Pinna) sp.,Rasatrix suzukii, Caestocorbula minima,
Corbulomima sp. d. C. nuciformis. [SiltstoneJ Solemya sp., Grammatodon (Nanonavis) yolwyamai, Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia) pocilliformis, Laevicardium (?) sp.
aft. L. (?) ishidoense, Caestocorbula shilwmai, Plectomya aritagawana, Calliostoma (?)

o,iii, Ataphrus nipponicus, Hayamia rex,
Hayamia choshiensis, Perissoptera elegans,
Pietteia cretacea,
Ceratosiphon densestriatus, Vanikoropsis decussata, Eriptycha
japonica, Barremites sp., Pulchellidae gen.
and sp. indet., echinoid, asteroid, shark
teeth, etc.

Loc.3 [=Loc. 13 in SHIKA\IA and SCZCKI,
1972; =Loc. 7028 in OBATA et a!., 1975;= Loc. 3 in KASE and MAEDA, 1980J
Location.-Coast of Nagasaki harbor (now not
exposed) (35°41'30"N, 140 51'54''E).
Horizon and age.-"Kimigahama Formation".
LO\ver Aptian.
0422

Itar1,~ HAY AMI and

Lithology.-Dark grey calcareous sandy siltstone.
Fossils.-Nuculosis (Palaeonucula) ishidoensis,
Cucullaea transversa, Eonavicula (?) sp.,Neithea (Neithea) sp., Neithea (Neithella)
notabilis, Plicatula sp., Spondylus sp.,
Acesta (?) sp., Limidae gen. and sp. indet.,
Limatula nagaoi, Rastellum (Arctostrea)
carinatum, Gryphaea (Bilobissa?) sp.,
Lopha (Actinostreon) nagaoi, Amphidonte(Ceratostreon) yabei, Amphidonte (Amphidonte) subhaliotoidea, Pachythaerus sp.,
Astarte (Y abea) shinanoensis, Opis (?) sp.,
Laevicardium (?) sp. aff. L. (?) ishidoense,
Corbulomima sp. d. C. nucifonnis, Metriomphalus nagasakiensis, etc. [Specificnames revised on the basis of SI-IIKAMAand SUZUKI'S (1972) illustrated specimensJ
Loc. 4 [= Loc. 14 in SHIKA\IA and SCZUKI,
1972J
Location.-Western coast of Nagasaki harbor(35°41'31"N, 140 51'51"E).
Horizon and age.-"Kimigahama Formation".
Lower Aptian.
Lithology.-Massive grey fine-grained sandstone. Fossils more or less abraded.
Fossils.-Nuculopsis (Palaeonucula) ishidoensis,
Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta, Caestocorbula
shikamai, belemnoid.
0

Loc. 5 [~Loc. 17 in SIIIKA\IA and SUZUKI,
1972; ~ Loc. 7332 in OBATA et ai., 1975J
Location.-Western end of a quarry at thewest of Nagasaki (Hatoyama) (35°41'34"N,
140 51'46"E) .
Horizon and age.-"Kimigahama Formation".
Lower Aptian.
Lithology.- Weathered massive fine- or mediumgrained sandstone. Fossils represented
by casts and moulds.
Fossils.-Portlandia (?)
sp.,
Pterotrigonia(Pterotrigonia)
pocilliformis, Rasatrix
suzukii.
0Loc. 6 [=Loc. 15 in SIIIKAMA and SUZUKI,
1972; ~ Loc. 7231 in OBATA et ai., 1975J
Location.-Eastern coast of Tokawa (35°41'31"N,
140 51'46"E) .
Horizon and age.-"Kimigahama Formation".
Lower Aptian.

Tatsuo OJI

Lithology.-Weathered coarse-grained sandstone.
Fossils.-Laevicardium(?) sp. aff. L.
ishidoense.

nLoc. 7 [= Loc. 08 in SIIlKAMA and SU:CKI,
1972J
Location.-Small hill at the south of Ashikajima (35°43'00"N, 140 0 52'24"E).
Horizon and age.-Ashikajima Formation.
Barremian or Lower Aptian.
Lithology.-Massive
grey
medium-grainedsandstone.
Fossils
generally
wellpreserved.
Fossils.-Gervillia(Gervillia)
forbesiana,
Nipponitrigonia choshiensis, Pterotrigonia
Astarte(Pterotrigonia)
pocilliformis,(Astarte) subsenecta, Laevicardium (?) sp.
aff. L. (?) ishidoense, Caestocorbula
shikamai.
Loc.8 [=Loc. 07 in SIIlKAMA and SL~ZCKI,
1972]
Location.-Bathing coastof
Ashikajima(35°43'03"N, 140 52'24"E).
Horizon and age.-Ashikajima Formation.
Barremian or Lower Aptian.
Lithology.-Massive
grey
medium-grainedsandstone.
Fossils.-Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta.
0

Loc.9 [=Loc. 12 in SHIKAMA and SuZU<I,
1972;
Loc. 7125 in Ol3AT A et ai., 1975J
Location.-Coast of Toriakeura (35°41'39"N,
140 52'00"E) .
Horizon and age.-Toriakeura Formation.
Upper Aptian.
Lithology.-Dark grey sandy shale.
Fossils.-Parvamussium sp.

,>

0

Systematic description[by [taru HAY A\IJJSuperfamily Nuculacea GRAY, 1824
Family Nuculidae GRAY, 1824
Genus Nuculopsis GIRTY, 1911

0Subgenus Palaeonucula QUENSTEDT, 1930

723.

Early Cretaceous Bi'val'via 11'01n Choshi

Nuculopsis (PalaeoJ1ucula) ishidoensis(YABE and NAGAO)
Plate 51, Figures 1-6
v. 1926. Nucula ishidoensis YABE and NAGAO,
in Y AlJE, NAGAO and SIIl~'IIZl', Sci. Rep.
Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser. 2, vol. 11, no. 2,
p. 41, pI. 13, figs. 46, 47.
v, 1965. Nuculopsis (Palaeonucula) ishidoensis(Y AlJE and NAGAO) : HA YAMI, lv/em. Fac.
Sci. Kyushu Univ., ser. D, vol. 15, no. 2,
p. 234.
v. d. 1965. Nuculopsis (Palaeonucula) sp, d.
N. (P.) ishidoensis (Y AIlE and NAGAO):
MATSUMOTO, HA Y A~II and HASI-II:VIOTO,
Petrol. Ceol. Tciwan, no. 4, p. 8, pI. 1,
fig. 8.
v. 1972. Nuculopsis (Palaeonucula) ishidoensis(Y ABE and NAGAO) : SlIIKA!VIA and SCZCKI,
Sci. Rep. Yokohama Natn. Univ., sec. 2,
no. 19, pI. 4, figs. 5, 6.
1975. Nuculopsis (Palaeonucula) ishidoensis(YABE and NAGAO): HAYAMJ, Bull. Univ.
lv/us. Univ. Tokyo, no. 10, p. 20.

Type.-Of the two original specimensof this species (IGPS no. 7125) from the
Ishido Formation at Ishido, Ohinata village,
Minami-saku County, Nagano Prefecture,a left internal mould (Y ABE, NAGAO andSHIMIZU, 1926, pI. 13, fig. 46) was designated by HAY AMI (1965a, p. 234) as thelectotype.
Material.-The following description isbased on about 60 well preserved specimens (UMUT MM9701-9715) from Loc. 2
and about 15 specimens (UMUT MM9716,
9717) from Loc. 4.
Diagnosis.-Medium-sized and unornamen ted species of Palaeonucula, characterized by the suboval outline, strongly
inflated and thick shell, smooth and shiny
surface, prominent and opisthogyrous
umbo and well delimited escutcheon. Hinge
teeth consisting of about 19 anterior andabout six posterior denticles, interrupted
by a comparatively undeveloped chondrophore.

423

Descriptiol1.-Shell nuculiform or suboval, scarcely exceeding 17 mm in maximum length and 13 mm in transverse
height, highly inequilateral, strongly inflated; umbo very prominent, rising highly
above dorsal margin, opisthogyrous, locatedat about four-fifths of length from anterior
end; antero-dorsal margin long, nearlystraight, obliquely truncated by anterior
margin; postero-dorsal margin comparatively short, forming an obtuse angle atposterior end; apical angle between anterodorsal and postero-dorsal margins about 95
degrees; ventral margin gently arcuate;
postero-dorsal area (escutcheon) a little
concave. heart-shaped, circumscribed bya small ridge extending from umbo to posterior angle; surface shiny and smooth except
for fine growth-lines; inner ventral margin
entirely smooth; both adductor muscle
scars strongly impressed; anterior dentic1es number about 19, relatively strong
and thick, while posterior ones are only
about six and densely spaced; chondrophore present but comparatively small;umbonal cavity deep.
Remarks.-AII of the type and subsequently collected specimens from the
Ishido Formation of the Sanchu area arepoorly preserved internal and externalmoulds. The newly collected specimensfrom the Choshi Group have nearly complete tests and are not deformed, exhibiting well the external characters. The
smooth inner ventral margin is well recognized by the four inarticulated specimens (MM9705, 9706, 9713, 9714). The
hinge structure is, though incompletely
shown. also observable in them, but moreclearly in an incomplete specimen (MM9716)
and a left internal mould (MM9711), thetest of which was dissolved with diluted
HC!. The hinge and other internal structures of these specimens, particularly theshape and numbers of anterior and posterior denticles, agree well with those of424

ItaJ'u HAYAMI and Tatsuo OJI

Table 1. Measurements in mm [Nuculopsis (Palaeo1!ucula) ishidoensis (Y ABE
and NAGAO)]
Specimen
Conjoined valves(MM 9701)
Right valve(MM 9702)
Right valve(MM 9703)
Right valve(MM 9704)
Right valve(MM 9705)
Conjoined valves(MM 9707)
Left valve(MM 9709)
Conjoined valves(MM 9710)
Left valve(YIM 9713)
Right valve(MM 9714)

Length Height Thickness
14.7

11. 2

9.0

14.6

11.9

4.6

13.0

10.8

4.3

10.8

8.2

3.1

16.0

12. 1

5.1

15.6

11.8

10.0

13.6

11.1

4.5

16. 1

12.0

8.9

14.4

11.2

4.3

15.0

12.1

5.0

Form ratio (Length/Height) N = 10, X= 1. 280,
s = 0.051, V = 3.953, O. R. = 1. 204-1. 342

the lectotype and paralectotype specimens,
The position of umbo appears to be locatedmore posteriorly in the lectotype and paralectotype, but it may be due to theirsecondary deformation.
As noted by Cox (1940) and some others,
it may be difficult to draw a sharp boundary between Palaeonucula QUENSTEDT,
1930 (commonly treated as a subgenus of
Nucula or Nuculopsis or a distinct genus)
and Leionucula QUENSTEDT, 1930 (a subgenus of Nunda). Palaeonucula, mainly
from the Triassic and Jurassic, seems
generally to have more posteriorly locatedumbo, more reduced posterior denticles,
and more trapezoidal and strongly inflated
outline than Leionucula from the Cretaceous. As stated before (HAY AMI, 1965a),the suboval outline and some other characteristics of the present species may betransitional between Palaeonucula andLeionucula.
The present species actually resembles
Nucula albensis D'ORBIGNY, 1844, the typespecies of Leionucula, from the Gault ofEngland (WOODS, 1899) in the suboval
outline and clearly impressed escutcheon.
There is, however, some uncertainty about
the specific characters of N. albensis,
because D'ORBIGNY's type material has
not been restudied, and because the Gault
specimens illustrated by GARDNER (1884)
and WOODS (1899) show an unusually wide
range of morphologic variation. The present specimens differ from any Gault
specimen in the stronger shell convexity
and more posteriorly located umbo. Nunda
planata DESHA YES, 1842, from the Speeton
Clay and Lower Greensand of England(WOODS, 1899) may be also a comparable
species, but it has decidedly less prominent
umbo and more weakly inflated shell andis probably referable to Leionucula. Leionucula olivensis VOKES, 1946, from theAptian of Lebanon, shows less prominent
umbo and larger apical angle than thepresent species.
In the strongly inflated and thick shelland much reduced posterior denticles thepresent species seems to be more closely
related to some Jurassic and early Cretaceous species of Palaeonucula than toabove compared species of Leionucula.
Although the stratigraphic range of
Palaeonucula is said to be confined to theTriassic and Jurassic (McALESTER in Cox
et aI., 1969), Nucula glanstriticea WHITFIELD, 1891, from the Aptian of Lebanon,
is undoubtedly referable to Palaeonucula,as treated by VOKES (1946). The present
species, which differs from the Lebanon
species in the smooth and shiny surface,
seems to be another representative of thissubgenus.
Occurrence.-Very common at Loc. 2
and common at Locs. 3 and 4. This spe-

723.

425

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia frorn Choshicies is also known from the Ishido Formation at Ishido, Ohinata village, Nagano
Prefecture (type locality), from the Arida(=Arita) Formation in the Yuasa area of
Wakayama Prefecture, and from the Hanoura Formation at Hiroyasu, Katsuura town,
Tokushima Prefecture. Upper Neocomian
to Lower Aptian.

Superfamily Nuculanacea ADAMS
and ADAMS, 1858
Family Nuculanidae ADAMS
and ADAMS, 1858
Genus Portlandia MaRcH, 1857

Portlandia sanchuensis (Y ABE and NAGAO)
Plate 51, Figures 7-10
v. 1926. Nuculana sanchllensis YABE andNAGAO, in Y ABE, NAGAO and SHI~IIZU,
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Vniv., ser. 2, vol.
11, no. 2, p. 42, pI. 12, figs. 21-23.
v. 1965. Nllculana (s.l.) sanchllensis Y ABE
and NAGAO: HAY A:>'II, Mem. Fac. Sci.
Kyushu Vniv., ser. D, vol. 15, no. 2, p.
235.
v. non 1972. Nuculana (s. I.) sp. ct. N. sanchuensis Y ABE and NAGAO: SIllKAMA andSUZUKI, Sci. Rep. Yokohama Natn. Vniv.,
sec. 2, no. 19, pI. 4, fig. 3.

Type.-Of the three original specimensof this species (IGPS no. 7115) from the
Ishido Formation at Ishido, Ohinata village, Minami-saku County, Nagano Prefecture, a right internal mould (Y ABE, NAGAO
and SHIMIZU, 1926, pI. 12, fig. 21) was
designated by HAY AMI (1965a, p. 235) as
the lectotype.
Material.- The following description isbased on four specimens (UMUT MM97189721) at Loc. 2.
Diagnosis.-Small- or medium-sized species of Portlandia, characterized by the
rostrated and flattened posterior area,

broad and orthogyrous umbo and numerous fine concentric striae which are restricted to the median portion of valves.
Description.-Shell small or medium forthegenus, rarely exceeding 17mm in length,
elongate ovate, inequilateral, moderately
inflated; test comparatively thin; anterodorsal margin nearly straight, graduallybending down to rounded anterior margin;postero-dorsal margin long and broadly
concave, somewhat abruptly turned toposterior margin at rostrated posterior
end; ventral margin smoothly arcuate;
umbo broad, not prominent, orthogyrous,
situated a little anteriorly from midlength; escutcheon not clearly demarcated; surface of middle portion of valve
ornamented by numerous delicate concentric striae, which are abruptly effaced
toward anterior and posterior sides; anterior and posterior areas quite smooth
except for growth-lines, occupying nearly
the same width as median ornamented
area; muscle scars very weakly impressed;chondrophore present but hinge structure
exactly unknown.
Remarks.- The outline and surface characters are best shown in a nearly complete
right valve (MM9718). The concentricstriae restricted to the middle portion are
also recognized in an incomplete left valve(MM9720). Another specimen (MM9721)
reveals the interior of a right valve. The

Measurements in mm [Portlandia
sanchuensis (Y ABE and NAGAO) J

Table 2.

---

Specimen
Right valve(MM 9718)
Right in. mould(Mp.l 9719)
Left valve(MM 9720)
Right valve(MM 9721)

LengthHeightThickness

15.9

9. 1

3.8

16.6

9.3

3.4+

16.0+

10.0

4.1

14.6

8.3

?

426

Itaru HAYAMI and Tatsuo OjIpresence of chondrophore is ascertainedin this specimen, but the hinge teeth areconcealed by the matrix.
All of the type specimens of Nuculana
sanchuensis are poorly preserved, and thesurface characters of this species has
been imperfectly known. However, thepresent specimens are certainly referable
to this species, because their outline isquite identical with that of the lectotype
and paralectotypes. Nuculana· (s. I.) sp.
d. N. sanchuensis from the Choshi Groupat a quarry of Nagasaki, which was illustratad by SHIKAMA and SUZUKI (1972),
probably belongs to a different species,
because the shell is much shorter.
Judging from the rostrated but notmuch tapered posterior area and otherexternal characters, the present species,
as suggested previously (HAY AMI, 1965a),
seems to be more appropriately regarded
as an early representative of Portlandia
rather than Nuculana. ICHIKA w A and
MAEDA (1958b) already described several
Upper Cretaceous species of Portlandia
from Southwest Japan, and the present
species indicates that the record of thisgenus goes back to the Barremian.
The present species resembles Portlandia izumensis ICI-IIKA W A and MAEDA, 1958b,from the Upper Cretaceous Izumi Groupof the Kii Peninsula and A waji Island, butdiffers from it in having broader umbonal
area. It is distinguishnble from many
species of Portlandia by the concentricstriae restricted to the middle portion ofvalves. This character may remind oneof that of the genus Borissia SLODKEVICH,
1938, but the resemblance may be superficial, since such a restricted ornaments
are also known in some other nuculanid
genera.
Occurrence.-Rare at Loc.2. This species is also known from the Ishido Formation at Ishido, Ohinata village, Nagano
Prefecture, and at Shiroi and south of

Kagahara, Nakazato village, Gumma Prefecture, from the Hanoura Formation at
the east of Nakagoya, Katsuura town,
Tokushima Prefecture, from the Arida(=Arita) Formation at Suhara, Yuasa town,
Wakayama Prefecture, and also from the
Yatsushiro Formation at the southwest of
Kohara, Toyo village, Kumamoto Prefecture.
Family Malletiidae ADAMS
and ADAMS, 1858
Genus Mesosaccella CHAVAN, 1946
Mesosaccella (?) choshiensis
HAYAMI, sp. nov.
Plate 51, Figures 11,12

Type.-The holotype (UMUT MM9722)
is an articulated specimen from Loc. 2,
on which the following description isbased. The paratype (MM9723) is a left
valve from the same locality.
Diagnosis.-Small-sized nuculanid characterized by elongate-rhomboidal and Saccella-like outline, submesially placed umbo,
narrow and weakly impressed escutcheon
and comparatively weak concentric strineon the umbonal-middle portion of valves.
Descriptiol1.-Shell small, transversely
elongated, rounded rhomboidal, moderately
inflated. lenticular in dorsal view; anteroand postero-dorsal margins nearly straight,
subequal in length, forming an apicalangle of about 130 degrees; anterior margin rounded. while posterior end of shellis bluntly pointed; umbo not prominent
but pointed, placed near mid-length ofvalve; escutcheon narrow, delimited by ashallow sulcus extending from umbo toposterior end; surface unornamented except for umbonal-middle portion of valves,
where a large number of faint concentricstriae are developed; internal characters
unknown.

723.

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia from Choshi

Table 3. Measurements in mm [Meso.
sacceUa(?) choshiensis HAYAMJ, sp. nov.]
Specimen
Holotype
conjoined valves(MM 9722)
Paratypeleft valve(Ml\'i 9723)

LengthHeight Thickness

11. 9

6.8

4.6

13.5

7. 7

2. 7

Re71larlls.-The holotype is an articu·
lated specimen, from which the matrix
was completely removed. Although theumbonal area of its right valve is broken,
the external characters are well shown.
Because of the ignorance of hinge andligament structure, the generic assignmentof this species is by no means certain,
but the Saccella·like outline seems to suggest its tentative reference to Mesosaccella.
It is, in fact, similar to Nuculana mariae(D'ORBIGNY) from the Gault of England(WOODS, 1899) and Nuculana lineata (SowERBY) from the Lower Greensand of England (WOODS, 1899), both of which are
regarded as belonging to Afesosaccella.
The present species, however, is different
from the two species in the nearly straight
postero-dorsal margin, less conspicuousconcentric striae and mesially placed umbo.
It is also similar to ivlesosoccella insignis(NAGAO, 1934) from the Upper Aptian to
Lower Albian Miyako Group in north Honshu (HAY AMI, 1965a), but differs from thatspecies in the less developed concentricstriae and less sharply pointed posterior
end. It is distinguishable from Mesosaccella (?) taiwanrmsis HAY AMI in MA TSUMOTO, HAY AMI and HASHIMOTO (1965)
from the buried Aptian of west Taiwan
by the narrower outline and stronger shellconvexity.
Occurrence.-Known only from Loc. 2.

427

Mesosaccella (?) sp. indet.
Plate 51, Figures 13, 14This species is represented by a left
valve (UMUT MM9784, 6.5 mm long, 4.0
mm high, 1.3 mm thick) and a right valve(MM9785, 7.6 mm long, 4.8 mm high, 1.5
mm thick). It is somewhat similar to thepreceding species, Mesosaccella (?) choshiensis sp. nov., in the subrhomboidal outline, but the shell is much smaller andsomewhat shorter, and the umbonal surface
lacks any concentric ornamentation.
Occurrence.-Known only from Loc. 2.

Superfamily Solemyacea ADAMS
and ADAMS, 1857
Family Solemyidae ADAMS
and ADAMS, 1857
Genus Solemya LAMARCK, 1818
Solemya sp. indet.
Plate 51, Figures 15-17

Six specimens (UMUT MM9725-9730)
are available for this study, but all ofthem are incomplete or secondarily deformed. The test is partly preserved in
two relatively large specimens (MM9725,
9726), and other specimens are internalmoulds.
Shell medium-sized for this genus, transversely elongated with rounded anterior
and posterior margins, moderately inflated; ventral margin subparallel to dorsal
margin, long; umbo placed very posteriorly; surface marked with more than 12
subequidistant radial grooves which aremuch narrower than their interspaces;
ligament structure unknown.
The present species somewhat resembles
Solemya angusticaudata NAGAO, 1932, fromthe Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido in the428

Itaru HAY AMI and Tatsuo OJI

oblong outline, but the radial grooves
seem to be more widely spaced. Their
specific determination is now difficult,because the material is too insufficient torecognize the diagnostic characters.
Occurrence.-Rare at Loc. 1 and Loc. 2.
Superfamily Arcacea LAMARCK, 1809
Family Parallelodontidae DALL, 1898
Subfamily Grammatodontinae
BRANSON, 1942
Genus Grammatodon MEEK
and HAYDEN, 1861
Subgenus Nanonavis STEW ART, 1930

Grammatodon (Nanonavis) yokoyamai
Y ABE and NAGAO
Plate 52, Figures 1-6

Cucullaea d. striatella MICHELIN: YOKOYA:VIA, Palaeontographica, Bd. 36, p. 199,
pI. 25, fig. 13.
v. 1926. Gammatodon [sic] yokoyamai Y ABE
and NAGAO, in YABE, NAGAO and SHIMIZU,
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser. 2, vol.
9, no. 2, p. 44, pI. 12, figs. 12, 13, 25.
1963. Nanonavis yokoyamai(Y ABE
andNAGAO):
MA TSUMOTO,HA YA~H and
ASANO, A Survey of Fossils from Japanl11ustrated in Classical Monographs, p. 32,
pI. 51, fig. 13.
v. 1965. Nanonavis (Nanonavis) yokoyamai(Y ABE and NAGAO) : HA YAMI, Mem. Fac.
Sci. Kyushu Univ., ser. D, vol. 15, no. 2,
p. 238, pI. 27, figs. 8-13.
v. 1965. Nanonavis (Nanonavis) sp. d. N.
(N.) yokoyamai (Y ABE and NAGAO):HA YA~1I, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ.,
ser. D, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 241, pI. 27, fig.
14.
v. 1972. N anonavis (N anonavis) yokoyamai(Y ABE and NAGAO) : SHIKAMA and SUZUKI,
Sci. Rep. Yokohama Natn. Univ., ser. 2,
no. 19, pI. 4, fig. 7.
1975. G rammatodon (N anonavis) yokoyamai
1890.

YABE and NAGAO: HAYAMI, Bull. Univ.
Mus. Univ. Tokyo, no. 10, p. 29_
1976. Nanonavis
yokoyamai(Y ABE
andNAGAO) : TASHIRO, Pal. Soc. Japan, Spec.
Pap., no. 19, p. 44, text-fig. 15A.

Type.-Of the three original specimensof this species (lGPS no. 22555) from the
Ishido Formation at Ishido, Ohinata village,
Nagano Prefecture, an internal mould ofarticulated valves (Y ABE, NAGAO and SHIMIZU, 1926, pI. 12, figs. 12, 12a) was designated by HAY AMI (1965a, p. 238) as thelectotype.
Material.- The following description isbased on 55 specimens (UMUT MM97319742) at Loc. 2.
Diagnosis.-Small-sized, strongly inflated and trapezoidal species of Nanonaviswith slightly larger left valve, characterized by the sharp and non-serrated posterior carina, wide posterior area, andweak radial ribs which are simple in theleft valve but composed of two orders ofprominence in the right, becoming stronger and more widely spaced towards theanterior.
Description.-Shell small for the subgenus, scarcely exceeding 40 mm in length,
slightly inequivalve, subtrapezoidal, about
1. 7 times longer than high, strongly inflated in full grown stage; test moderate
in thickness; left valve larger than right,
with ventral margin overlapping that ofright valve; dorsal margin long andstraight, extending nearly over total
length; anterior margin rounded, forming
an angle of 70 to 80 degrees with dorsal
margin; posterior margin slightly convex,
forming an obtuse angle of 100 to 110
degrees with dorsal margin; umbo risinghighly above dorsal margin, prosogyrous,
situated at about one-third of hinge-linefrom frontal end; a sharp carina stretching from umbo to postero-ventral angle,
defining a concave posterior area; left
valve ornamented with about 35 narrow723.

Early Cretaceo1ls Bivalvia from Choshi

radial ribs which are generally weak on
posterior and middle areas but become
stronger and more widely spaced towards
anterior end; right valve also ornamented
with radial ribs of similar number, buteach of their interspaces marked with one
or two much weaker subordinate radial
riblets; cardinal area variable in breadth
but comparatively wide in full-grownstage, bearing a number of chevron-shaped
ligament grooves; hinge teeth typical of
Nanonavis, convergent to a point below
umbo, consisting of several prosoclinal
anterior teeth and about three elongatedsubhorizontal posterior teeth in eachvalve; inner ventral margin smooth without crenulation.

Table 4. Measurements in mm [Grammatodon (Nanonavis) yokoyamai YABE andNAGAO]

Specimen

LengthHeight Thickness

Conjoined valves(MM 9731)
Conjoined valves(MM 9732)
Left valve(MM 9733)
Left valve(MM 9734)
Left valve(MM 9735)
Right valve(MM 9735)
Left valve(MM 9736)
Right valve(MM 9736)
Right valve(MM 9737)
Conjoined valves(MM 9738)
Right in. mould(MM 9739)

32.3

20.6

19.0

38.0

21. 7

22.6

33.0

18.9

10.0

35.8

21. 0

11. 4

34.9

20.0

9.9

32.1+

19.7

10.3

34.8

21. 7

10.5

34.8

20.1

10.7

31. 0+

20.1

34.6

20.6

21. 7

33.2

20.2

10.7+

Form ratio of left valve (Length/Height) N=7, x=1.686, s=0.073, V=4.330, O. R.=1.568-1.751

429

Remarks.-Most of the specimens available for this study are open or closed
articulate individuals. Their tests arewell preserved, and the surface ornamentation is well exhibited. The unequal
shell size between two valves is observedin three closed specimens (MM9731, 9732,
9738), in which the ventral margin of left
valve overlaps that of right valve. The
different surface ornamentation between
two valves are recognized in many articulated specimens; the right valve has
always finer radial ribs which are of twoorders of prominence. In some specimens
the posterior area is further divided into
two subequal areas by an indistinct mediancarina, which becomes obsolete toward
the posterior margin. The hinge structure
is observable only in two internal moulds(MM9739, 9740), the test of which wereartificially dissolved by diluted HCL In
some larger specimens (e. g. MM9732) theumbones are widely separated by broad
cardinal areas, and the ventral peripheral
areas of two valves are nearly verticalto the commissure plane and marked with
dense and somewhat rugose growth-lines.
Analogy with the allometric growth insome living species of the Anadarinae
seems to indicate that these are characteristic features of the full-grown stage.
The present species was fully describedby YABE and NAGAO in YABE, NAGAO
and SHIMIZU (1926) and HA YAMI (1965a).
However, the material treated in theseworks was mostly internal and externalmoulds of inarticulate valves, and the degree of inequivalveness and the differentmode of radial ribs were not recognizedon a firm basis.
The unequal size and ornamentation
between two valves of the present species
remind one of the diagnostic charactersof Indogrammatodon Cox, 1937, whereas
the shell outline, especially the sharp posterior carina, is essentially similar to430

Itaru HAY AMI and Tatsuo OJI

Crammatodon carinatus (SOWERBY, 1813)
from the Lower Greensand and Gault ofEngland (WOODS, 1899; etc.) which is thetype-species of Nanonavis. So far as I
am aware, unequal ornamentation has notbeen recorded in C. carinatus, but Crammatodon securis (LEY MERlE, 1842) fromthe Speeton Clay (WOODS, 1899, pI. 7, fig.
14a, b), which may be closely related to
C. carinatus, has fine radial ribs of twoorders on the right (not left) valve justas the present species. So far as I observed several articulated specimens of
C. carinatus preserved in the University
Museum, University of Tokyo, the ventral
margin of left valve scarcely overlaps thatof right, suggesting that the shell is completely or nearly equivalve. Therefore,
as suggested before (HAY AMI, 1965a), thepresent species as well as C. securis looks
at a glance intermediate between Nanonavis and Indogrammatodon. In living
species of Anadara, especially its subgenus
Scapha rca, however, the degree of inequivalveness (size and ornamentation) is diferent from species to species and regarded
as changeable within an infragenericgroup. This character is presumably related to the difference in the mode oflife. In Japan, ICHIKAWA and MAEDA(1958a) regarded an Uppermost Cretaceous
species having inequivalve shells as belonging to Indogrammatodon, but, as
treated by T ASHlRO (1976), it seems to be
more closely related to some Upper Cretaceous species of Nanonavis than Jurassic
species of Indogram711atodon. I think that
unequal size and ornamentation between
two valves may be actually a wide-spreadfeature not only in Indogrammatodon but
also in Nanonavis and Cucullaea.
As noted above, the present species
closely resembles Grammatodon (Nanonavis) carinatus and G. (N.) securis fromthe Lower Cretaceous of western Europe,
but it is decidedly different from them inthe much weakened radial ribs cn the
middle and posterior areas. The posteriorcarina is· often finely serrated in the two
European species, but such a tendency
has net been observed in the present species. Comparisons between the present
species and some Upper Cretaceous species of Nanonavis from Japan and Saghalien were already discussed by HAY AMI(1965a) and TASHIRO (1976).
Occurrence.-Common at Lec. 2. This
species occurs from the Aridan and Miyakoan (upper Neocomian to Albian) strata
at various localities in Japan (see HAY AMI,
1965a, p. 241, for the detail).
Superfamily Pinnacea LEACH, 1819
Family Pinnidae LEACH, 1819
Genus Pinna LINNAEUS, 1758
Subgenus Pinna LINNAEUS, 1758
Pinna (Pinna) sp. indet.
Plate 51, Figure 18

robincldina
Sci
Rep. Yolwhcma Natn. Univ., sec. 2, no.
19, pl. 4, fig. 11.

v. 1972.

Pinna

D'ORllIGi'\Y:d.

P.

SHIKAMAandsp.

SUZL-KI,

The present species is represented hereby an articulate but incomplete specimen(UMUT MM9743) from the Kimigahama
Formation at Loc. 2. It is 70.0 mm long,
24.6 mm wide and 10.7 mm thick, showing
an angulated median ridge and about ten
fine radial riblets on each slope. These
characters agree well with the specimen
from the same or adjacent locality ofKimigahama which was illustrated by
SHIKAMA and SUZUKI (1972) as Pinna sp.
d. P. robinaldina. If compared with Pinna
robinaldina D'ORBIGNY, 1844, from theAptian and Albian of western Europe(WOODS, 1905-1906; etc.) and Pinna sp.

723.

Early C1'etaceous Bivalvia from Choshid. P. robina/dina from the Barremian
Ishido Formation and the Aptian Hinagu
Formation in Japan (HAY AMI, 1965a), theshell is much smaller and the radial ribs
are much weaker, although the present
and SHIKAMA and SUZUKI'S specimens
may be immature.
Occurrence.-Rare at Loc. 2.
Superfamily Trigoniacea LAMARCK, lS19
Family Trigoniidae LAMARCK, lS19
Subfamily Pterotrigoniinae
VAN HOEPEN, 1929
Genus Pterotrigonia VAN HOEPE=", 1929
Subgenus Pterotrigonia
VAN HOEPE;\, 1929

Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia)
pocilliformis (YOKOYAMA)
Plate 52, Figure 7

Synonymy.-Only illustrated specimens of
this species from the Choshi Group are listed
below [see HAY A '.'1 I (1975, p. 117) and
TAMuRA'(1978a)revision for the fullsynonymy].
1906. Trigonia sp., ISIII\\'ATARI, jour. Ceol.
Soc. TollYO, \'01. 13, p. 216.
1923. Trigonia
pocilliformis
YOKOYA'.IA:YEIIARA, japan. jour. Ceol. Ceogr., vol.
2, p. 71, pI. 10, fig. 4.
1978. Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia) j)ocilliformis (YOKOYA'.IA): T A\Il.'RA, Mem.
Fac. Educ. Kumamoto Univ., no. 27, p.
91, pI. 3, figs. 12, 13.

Remarks.-Recently TAMURA (197Sa)
discussed the relation and distinction between Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia) Iwkkaidoana (YEIIARA) and other related
species of Pterolrigonia in Japan. A large
number of specimens illustrated by T AMURA (197Sa, pI. 3, figs. 1-15; 1975b, pI.
1, figs. 10, 11) should be added to the431

synonymy of P. (P.) pocilliformis given
by HA YAMI (1975). As clarified by T AMURA, P. (P.) hol?/widoana seems to be
distinguishable from P. (P.) pocillifonnis
by the larger and broader shell and more
abruptly broadened posterior area in thelate stage of growth.
From the Choshi Group, ISHIWATARI(1906) first reported the occurrence of a
trigoniid from a quarry of Nagasaki,
which is, as treated by YEHARA, referable
to P. (P.) pocillif0 nnis. Since then, aconsiderable number of specimens of
Pterotrigonia were collected by geologists'and amateurs at several localities in the
Choshi Peninsula. So far as I am aware,
all the specimens from this group including illustrated ones by YEHARA (1923)
and T AylURA (197Sa) show narrowly rostrated outline and seem to belong to P.
(P.) pocilliformis instead of P. (P.) hol?kaidoana. The present specimens (UMUT
MM9770-97S2) collected at Loc. 2 andLac. 5 are also certainly referable to P.
(P.) pocilliformis.
Occurrence.-Common at Locs. 2, 5 and7. This species occurs very commonlyfrom the Upper Neocomian to Albian deposits at various localities in Japan (see
NAKAKO, 1960; HA YA;\II, 1975; TAMURA,
1975a).

Superfamily Crassatellacea
FERUSSAC, lS22
Family Astartidae D'ORBIGKY, lS44
Subfamily Astartinae D'ORBIGKY, 1844
Genus Astarte]. SOWERBY, lS16
Subgenus Astarte J. SOWERBY, 1816

Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta
YABE and NAGAO
Plate 53, Figures 1-6

Ita1"u HAYAMI and Tatsuo OJI

432

v. 1926. Astarte subsenecta Y ABE and NAGAO,
in Y ABE, NAGAO and SHItvIIZU, Sci. Rep.
Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser. 2, vol. 9, pt. 3,
p. 57, pI. 13, figs. 14-16, pI. 14, fig. II.
v. 1926. Astarte subsenecta var. costata Y ABE
and NAGAO, in Y ABE, NAGAO and SI-l1:VIIZU,
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser. 2, vol.
9, pt. 3, p. 48, pI. 14, fig. 10.
v. 1965. Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta YABE
and NAGAO: HAYAMI, Mem. Fac. Sci.
Kyushu Univ., ser. D, vol. 17, no. 2, p.
81, pI. 7, figs. 10-18, pI. 14, figs. 1-5.
v. 1965. Astarte (Astarte) sp. d. A. (A.)
subsenecta Y ABE and NAGAO: HAYAMI,
Mem. Fac. Sci. Kynshu Univ., ser. D, vol.
17, no. 2, p. 84, pI. 11, figs. 9, 10.
v. 1965. Astarte (Astarte) costata YABE andNAGAO: HAYAMI, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu
Univ., ser. D, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 85, pI. 8,
figs. 1, 2.
v. non 1972. Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta
Y ABE and NAGAO: SIllKAMA and SHIMIZU,
Sci. Rep. Yokohama Natn. Univ., sec. 2,
no. 19, pI. 6, fig. 4. [probably an undescribed species of PachythaerusJ
v. 1972. Astarte (Astarte) costata YABE andNAGAO: SIllKAMA and SUZUKI, Sci. Rep.
Yokohama Natn. Univ., sec. 2, no. 19, pI.
6, fig. 5.
v. 1975. Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta Y ABE
and NAGAO: HAYAMI, Bull. Univ. Mus.
Univ. Tokyo, no. 10, p. 125, pI. 6, figs. 3,

4.
1975.

Astarte (Astarte) costata Y ABE and
Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ.
Tokyo, no. 10, p. 125.

NAGAO: HAY A:Vll,

Type.-Of the four illustrated original
specimens of this species (lGPS no. 22534)
a right external mould from the Ishido
Formation at Ishido, Ohinata village,
Minami-saku County, Nagano Prefecture(Y ABE, NAGAO and SHIMIZU, 1926, pI. 14,
fig. 11) was designated by HAY AMI (1965b,
p. 82) as the lectotype. YABE, NAGAO
and SHIMIZU (1926, pI. 14, fig. 10) illustrated another external mould of left valve(IGPS no. 22483) under the name of
Astarte subsenecta var. costata. This

specimen was generally regarded as the"holotype" of this variety. It is, however,clear from the original description that
this variety was described on the basisof two or more specimens, and HANzA W A,
ASANO and T AKAI'S (1961) procedure ishere interpreted to constitute the firstand valid designation of the lectotype ofvar. costata.
Material.- The following description isbased on 12 specimens (UMUT MM97449752) from Loc. 4 and Loc. 7.
Diagnosis.-Medium-sized species ofAstarte (s. s.) characterized by trigonallyovate and not strongly inflated shell, welldelimited siphonal margin, and concentricribs of variable prominence which commonly become weaker with growth. Ventral margin rounded and internally crenulated only in adult stage. Hinge typicalof Astarte (s. s.), with relatively low cardinal teeth having fine transverse striae
on lateral sides.
Description.-Shell medium in size,
scarcely exceeding 22 mm in length and
20 mm in height, inequilateral, trigonallyovate, more or less longer than high, notstrongly inflated; test moderate in thickness; umbo pointed, prosogyrous, locatedat about two-fifths of length from front;
antero-dorsal margin slightly concave,moderate in length; postero-dorsal margin
gently arcuate, longer than antero-dorsal ;siphonal (posterior) margin well delimited,
forming obtuse angles with postero-dorsal
and ventral margins; lunule and escutcheon comparatively narrow, defined bya blunt ridge, respectively; a blunt carina
running from umbo to postero-ventral
corner, obscurely defining posterior area;
surface ornamented with widely spaced
concentric ribs of variable prominence,
which are sometimes persistent but morecommonly became weaker with growth;
ventral margin rounded and internallycrenulated in adult stage, while it is723.

Early Cretaceons Bivalvia from Choshi

Table 5. Measurements in mm [Astarte(Astarte) subsenecta YABE and NAGAO]
Specimen
Right valve(MM 9744)
Right valve(MM 9745)
Right valve(MM 9746)
Right valve(MM 9747)
Right valve(MM 974S)
Right valve(MM 9749)
Conjoined valves(MM 9750)
Conjoined valves(MM 9751)

LengthHeight Thickness

19.0

IS. 7

ca. 6.0

IS.4

17.2

6.4

19.9

IS.S

ca. 6.5

19.7

19.3

5. 1

11. 3

9.6

ca. 3.0

20.0

IS. 1

5. 7

1S.6

17.4

S.6

19.7

19.3

9.S

Form ratio (Length/Height) N=S, x=1.067,
s=0.054, V =5.069, O. R.= 1. 016-1. 177

sharply edged and not crenulated in immature stage; umbonal cavity shallow.
Detailed hinge and muscle structures notobservable in the present material.
Remarks.-All the specimens in thepresent collection have well preserved
tests and reveal the external characters,
but the hinge structure is only partly
exposed in three right valves (MM97459747). The development of concentric ribs
is quite variable in prominence and persistence; they are sometimes persistentthroughout the growth (e. g. MM9744) but
occasionally restricted to the umbonal area(e. g. MM9745). Furthermore, the surface
is nearly smooth except for growthlamellae throughout the growth in a few
specimens (e. g. MM9746). As shown ina right valve (MM9747), the ventral margin is sharply edged and not crenulated
internally. From the analogy with someliving species of Asta rte, these are regarded as characteristic of immature growthstage. As recognized in many specimens

433

regarded as adult, the convexity of shellbecames stronger near the ventral marginand fine internal crenulations are developed on the rounded edge (e. g. MM9787).
Such a wide range of morphologicalvariation and remarkable ontogenetic
change seem to have lead the identification of the present species astray. WhenY ABE and NAGAO in Y ABE, NAGAO andSHIMIZU (1926) described Astarte subsenecta from the Ishido Formation at Ishido
of the Sanchu area, a few specimens
having persistent concentric ribs from the"Kawarazawa Formation" at Kawarazawaof the same area were named A. subsenecta var. costata. All the original
specimens of A. subsenecta including thisvariety are poorly preserved and secondarily deformed. The detailed charactersof this species. especially the hinge andother internal characters, were subsequently described by HA YAMI (l965b) on
the basis of better preserved specimensfrom the Ishido Formation at the southof Kagahara of the Sanshu area. On
that occasion the variety costata was interpreted with a query to constitute a
distinct species for the reason that theconcentric ribs are more persistent andthe shell convexity is weaker than typical
specimens of A. subsenecta. As describedabove, however, these characters do notseem to constitute any specific criteria.
Although further studies on the topotype specimens of this variety may bedesirable, it is here concluded that thevariety costata is taxonomically indistinguishable from A. (A.) subsenecta, because
almost all the intermediate specimens are
represented in the fossil samples at thepresent localities and the south of Kagahara (Loc. Hy. 4003 in HAY AMI, 1965b).
The two illustrated specimens of A. (A.)
costata in HAY AMI (1965b, pI. 8, figs.!, 2)
from the Ishido Formation at the southof Kagahara and the Choshi Group at

434

Itar'/,~HAY AMI and Tatsuo OJI

Ashikajima of Choshi are most certainly
immature individuals of A. (A.) subsenecta.
Occurrence.-Common at Locs. 4,7 and8. This species occurs commonly fromthe Aridan to upper Miyakoan (upper
Neocomian to Albian) strata at various
localities in Japan (see HA YAM I, 1965b,
pp. 84-86, for the detail).
Superfamily Cardiacea LAMARCK, 1809
Family Cardiidae LAMARCK, 1809
Subfamily Laevicardiinae KEEN, 1936
Genus Laevica rdium SWAINSON, 1840

Laevicardium (?) sp. aff. L. (?) ishidoense(Y ABE and NAGAO)
Plate 53, Figure 7

v. 1972. Nemocardium yatsushiroense HAYA~II :SHIKAMA and SUZUKI, Sci Rep. YokohamaNatn. Univ., sec. 2, no. 19, pI. 6, fig. 9.
v. 1972. Laevicardium? ishidoense HAYAiVlI:SIIIKAMA and SCZUKI, Sci. Rep. YokohamaNatn. Univ., sec. 2, no. 19, pI. 6, fig. 10.
1978. Laevicardium (?) ishidoense (Y ABE and
NAGAo) : KATTO and TASHIRO, Res. Rep.
K ochi Univ., vol. 27, Nat. Sci., p. 146, pI.
1, figs. 12-15.

The present species is here represented
by two specimens. One of them (UMUT
MM9769, 28.3+mm long, 26.0+mm high,11.0+mm thick) consists of incomplete
internal and external moulds of a left
valve, and the other (MM9770, 35.2+mm
long, 35.0+mm high, 16.0+mm thick) is abroken left internal mould. The test ispartly preserved on the internal moulds,
but mostly exfoliated or artificially dissolved away.
The original shell is probably higher
than long and strongly inflated. The
surface is wholly ornamented with morethan 130 delicate radial riblets, whichbecome somewhat weaker towards theanterior and posterior peripheral areas.
In the outline as well as mode of radial
ornamentation the present species is identical with La('vica rdium (?) ishidoense by
KATTO and TASHIRO (1978) from theDoganaro Formation of Shikoku. If compared with typical specimens of thatspecies from the Ishido Formation (Y ABE,
NAGAO and SHIMIZU, 1926) and the Yatsushiro Formation (HA YAMI, 1965b), however,the shell is larger and less elongatedvertically, and the test is probably thinner.
Occurrence.-Rare at Locs. 2, 6 and 7.
Superfamily Veneracea RAFINESQUE, 1815
Family Veneridae RAFINESQUE, 1815
Subfamily Pitarinae STEWART, 1930
Genus Rasatrix CASEY, 1952

Rasatrix suzukii HAY AMI, sp. nov.
Plate 51, Figures 19-22
v. 1972. Eriphyla sp. d. E. (Eriphyla)
pulchella HA YAMI: SI-IIKA'vIA and SUZUKI,
Sci. Rep. Yokohama Natn. Univ., sec. 2,
no. 19, pI. 6, fig. 7.

Type.- The holotype IS a left valve(UMUT MM9771) from Loc. 2.
iVlaterial.-In addition to the holotype
the following description is based onseven para types (UMUT MM9772-9778)
from the type locality.
Diagnosis.-Small-sized species of Rasatrix, characterized by relatively tall outline, thin test, small apical angle, large
and faintly impressed lunule and densely
spaced concentric striae which become
stronger toward ventral margin.
Description.-Shell small for the genus,
rarely exceeding 17 mm in maximum
length, trigonally suborbicular, strongly
inflated; length a little larger than height;
test thin; antero-dorsal margin relatively

723.

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia from Choshi

long, weakly concave, meeting anterior
margin with a very obtuse angle; posterodorsal margin moderate in length, broadly
convex, passing into posterior margin withan obtuse angle; ventral margin almost
symmetrically arcuate, not clearly separated from anterior and posterior margins;apical angle about 110 degrees; umbo
placed submesially or a little anteriorly
from mid-length, slightly recurved, prosogyrous; lunule wide, weakly separated
from main part by a shallow groove, but
not much depressed; escutcheon narrow
but distinct, delimitted by a ridge; surface
marked with numerous densely spaced
concentric striae which become stronger
toward ventral margin; growth rings
appearing irregularly in adult stage; ventral margin not crenulated internally, andno radial element perceptible; hinge structure unknown.
Table 6. Measurements in mm [Rasatrix
SllZllkii HAYAMI, sp. nov.]
Specimenl-!olotype
left valve(MM 9771)
Para typeright valve(MM 9772)
Paratypeleft valve(MM 9773)
Para typeright valve(MM 9774)
Para typeright valve(MM 9775)
Paratyperight valve(MM 9776)
Paratypeleft valve(MM 9777)
Para typeright valve(MM 9778)

LengthHeightThickness

15.4

13.7

3.8

11. 4

10.1

ca. 3. 0

12.2

10.8

ca. 3. 0

13.8

12.4

3.6

10.5

9.9

ca. 2.7

13.5

10.8+

ca. 3. 5

16.1+

15.0+

ca.4.0

14.4+

12.8+

ca. 3. 8

Form ratio (Length/Height) N=5, 5(=1.111,
s=0.029, V=2.608, O.R.=1.061-1.130

435

Remarks.- The holotype is a r:earlycomplete left valve, though its dorsal
margin is still buried in the matrix. Mostof the paratypes are incomplete. Because
the test is thin and fragile, many specimens were damaged during the mechanical preparation. I have tried in vain toobserve the hinge structure by dissolving
the test, because the matrix is also calcareous and too coarse-grained.
Notwithstanding these difficulties, theexternal characters, especially the shellform and weakly impressed lunule, indicate that the present species belongs to
the genus Rasatrix CASEY, 1952. Incomparison with its type-species, Rasatrix(s. s.) dolabra CASEY, 1952, from the Lower
Greensand of England, the shell is smallerand somewhat taller, and the posterodorsal corner is not so clearly angulated.
In these respects the present species may
be more closely allied to Cyprimeria (Cyc/oris71la) parva (SOWERBY) from the Lower Greensand of England (WOODS, 1908),
which was referred to Rasatrix by CASEY(1961) and partly renamed Rasat rix woodsi
by CASEY (1952). However, the shell isslightly shorter and the apical angle isdecidedly smaller in the present species.
Rasatrix was classified into three subgenera by CASEY (1952, 1961), but thesubgeneric reference of the present species cannot be determined here, since thehinge structure is unknown.
SIIIKAMA and SUZUKI (1972) collectedmany specimens of this species fromseveral other localities of the Choshi
Group, comparing them with Eriphyla
pulchella HAY AMI, 1965b, from the lower
Albian part of the Miyako Group in north
Honshu. Although the suborbicular outline may remind one of that of the Eriphylinae, the present species is certainly
unrelated to the Miyako species in viewof the much thinner test, stronger shellconvexity, denser concentric striae and436

Itaru HAYAMI and Tatsuo OJI

different mode of lunule.
Occurrence.-Common at Loc. 2 andLoc.5.
Suberfamily Myacea LAMARCK, 1809
Family Corbulidae LAMARCK, 1818
Subfamily Caestocorbulinae VOKES, 1945
Genus Caestocorbula VINCENT, 1910

observed; posterior carina rounded in twovalves, obscurely defining posterior area;
umbo prosogyrous, broad, placed submesially; surface smooth except for densely
spaced concentric striae of regular interval. Internally, antero-dorsal, posterodorsal and ventral margins of right valve
distinctly grooved for reception of margins
of left valve, indicating the left valve ismuch smaller and overlapped by rightCaestocorbula shikamai HA YAM!, sp. nov.
Plate 53, Figures 8-12
v. 1972. Pulsides [sic] higoensis (MATSU'"IOTO) : SHIKA~IA and SUZUKI, Sci. Rep.
Yokohamc Natn. Univ., sec. 2, no. 19, pI.
6, figs. 13, 14.

Type.- The holotype is a nearly complete right valve (UMUT MM9753) from
Loc.7.
Material.-In addition to the holotype
the following description is based on 15
specimens (MM9754-9763) from the type
locality and Loc. 4.
Diagnosis.-Medium-sized and solid species of Caestocorbula characterized by thestrongly inflated and slightly rostra ted
right valve, the smaller, not rostrated andweakly constricted left valve and undeveloped concentric ribs.
Description.-Shell medium in size for
corbulids, highly inequivalve and inequilateral; test heavy and solid; right valve
strongly inflated, shortly but distinctly
rostrated with obliquely truncated posterior margin, provided with broad and incurved umbo and broadly concave posterodorsal margin; left valve much smaller
than right, moderately inflated, pyriform,
not rostrated but slightly constricted in
middle, having nearly straight or a little
convex postero-dorsal margin and slightly
sinuated ventral margin; siphonal plateof left valve possibly present but not

Table 7. Measurements in mm [Ccestocorbula shikanwi HAYAMI, sp. nov.]
Specimen
Holotyperight valve(MM 9753)
Para typeright valve(MM 9754)
Para typeright valve(MM 9755)
Paratyperight valve(MM 9756)
Paratyperight valve(MM 9757)
Para typeleft valve(MM 9758)
Para typeleft valve(MM 9579)
Paratypeleft yalve(MM 9760)
Para typeright in. mould(MM 9761)
Para typeright in. mould(MM 9762)
Para typeleft in. mould(MM 9763)

LengthHeightThickness

22.3

16.1

9.4

18.6

13.8

9.0

19.4

14.8

8.2

18.9

14.8

7.6

21.0

15.8

10.1

17.9

13.6

6.6

16.7

12.1

6.3

14.8

1l.8

6.5

21. 3

14.5+

7.5+

19.6

13.9

8.5+

15.5

12.2

4.5+

Form ratio (Length/Height) Right valves: N=6, x=1. 343, s=O. 049, V=3. 625,0. R.=1. 2771.410; Left valves: N=4, x=1.305, s=0.056,
V=4.328,0.R.=1.254-1.380

723.

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia from Choshi

valve; interior of posterior part of rightvalve remarkably flattened; right valve
provided with a strong tusk-like cardinal
tooth and a large resilifer pit behind it,
while left valve has a corresponding
socket and a sub trigonal chondrophore;
adductor muscle scars sub oval, clearly
impressed, pallial line shallowly sinuatedbelow posterior adductor scar.
Remarks.-The holotype and paratype(MM9754) from Loc. 7 are well preserved
and show concentrically ornamented surface. Other paratypes (MM9755-9760) from
Loc. 7 show apparently smooth surface,but it is certainly due to pre-depositionalabrasion. Three artificial internal moulds(MM9761-9763) were prepared by using
HCl and cementing agent, and hinge andother internal structures of two valves
were successfully observed.
Although the development of siphonal
plate is not actually ascertained, the present species shows similar hinge andother essential characters to the known
species of Caestocorbula. According to
VOKES (1944, 1945, 1946), Pannicorbula
VOKES, 1944, also has similar discrepant
valves and developed pallial sinus, but, as
treated by KEEN in Cox et al. (1969), it
is regarded as a subgenus of Caestocorbula. Because the siphonal plate is notpreserved in the present material, it isdifficult to determine whether the present
species belongs to Caestocorbula (s. s.) or
Parmicorbula.
The present species is possibly related
to Caestocorbula (Parmicorbula) neaeroidea(BLANCKENIIORN, 1890) from the Aptianof Lebanon (VOKES, 1944, 1945, 1946), but
the posterior rostrum of right valve ismuch shorter. In this respect it is moresimilar to Caestocorbula (Caestocorbula)olivae (WHITFIELD) also from the Aptianof Lebanon (VOKES, 1946), but the shellis somewhat larger and the concentricribs on the surface are much weaker and437

more densely spaced. SHIKAMA and SuZUKI (1972) referred some specimens of
the present species to Pulsidis higoensis(MATUMOTO, 1938) from the Upper AlbianCenomanian Gosyonoura Group and theAlbian Yatsushiro Formation of Kyushu.
The specific characters of P. higoensis
became clearer through TAMURA'S (1977)
study on the material from the Cenomanian Mifune Group of Kyushu. Actually, the outline of right valve and theshape of pallial sinus may be somewhat
similar, but the present species differsfrom that species in the larger shell size,
sinuated ventral margin of left valve,more rounded and larger resilifer pit,
stronger tusk-like tooth and more remarkably discrepant valves. In the external
characters the present species may bemost closely akin to Corbula striatula J.
de C. SOWERBY, 1827, from the Lower
Greensand of England (WOODS, 1908),
which was regarded by CASEY (1961) as
belonging to Pa rmicorbula. However, it
differs from the British species in the lesssharply carinated outline of right valve,more elongated and weakly constrictedleft valve and much larger shell size.
Occurrence.-Rare at Locs.2 and 7 andcommon at Loc. 4.
Caestocorbula 17nmma HAY AMI, sp. nov.
Plate 53, Figures 15, 16

Type.- The holotype is a nearly complete articulated specimen (UMUT MM
9764) from Loc. 2.
Alaterial.-In addition to the holotype,the following description is supplemented
by two paratypes (MM9765, 9766) fromthe type locality.
Diagl1osis.-Small-sized species of Caestocorbula characterized by the l\:uculanalike outline of right valve with a narrowand pointed posterior rostrum, smaller and438

Itaru HAYAMI and Tatsuo OJI

triangular left valve with discrepant ventral margin and small flattened siphonal: plate, and densely spaced concentric striae
on surface.
Description.-Shell very small, scarcely
exceeding 10 mm in maximum length,
highly inequivalve and inequilateral; test
moderate in thickness; right valve muchlarger than left, Nuculana-like in outline,
strongly inflated, having a narrowly elongated rostrum which is tapered posteriorly
and pointed at end; left valve subtriangular, tightly embraced by valve margin ofright valve, having a small, rectangularand flattened siphonal plate corresponding
to posterior rostrum of right valve; umbo
orthogyrous, placed a little anteriorly frommid-length of shell; surface of two valvesmarked with densely spaced concentricstriae; hinge and other internal characters
unknown.
Remarks.- The holotype shows nearlycomplete outline of two valves and siphonal plate. The posterior rostrum and siphonal plate are broken in another articulated
specimen (MM9765). The small rectangular siphonal plate, which appears nearlyflat, seems to indicate that the present
species belongs to the subgenus Parmicorbula VOKES, 1944, instead of Caestocorbula (s. str.). However, its subgenericreference is still uncertain, because of theTable 8. Measurements in mm [Caestocorbula minima HAYAMI, sp. nov.]
Specimen
Ho!otype
conjoined valves(MM 9764)
Paratype,
conjoined valves(MM 9765)
Paratype,left valve(MM 9766)

LengthHeight Thickness

7.1

4.6

3.8

7.0+

5.4

4.6

6.9

5.3

2.1

ignorance of hinge structure.
The present species evidently differsfrom Caestocorbula shikamai, sp. nov. fromthe Choshi Group in the much smallersize, more densely spaced concentric striae
and narrowly elongated posterior rostrumof right valve. Caestocorbula (Pannicorbula) striatula 0. de C. SOWERBY, 1827)
may be the closest species so far known.
It has comparable size with the present
species, but the posterior carina is distinctly sharper in the Lower Greensand
species.
Occunence.-Rare at Loc. 2.
Subfamily Corbulinae GRAY, 1823
Genus Corbulomima VOKES, 1945

Corbulomima sp. ct. C. nuciformis VOKES
Plate 53, Figures 13, 14
v. 1972. Corbulomina [sic] sp. aff. C. nucijonnis VOKES: SHIKAldA and SCZCKI, Sci.
Rep. Yokohama Natn. Univ., sec. 2, no.
19, pI. 4, figs. 5, 6.

Material.- The following description isbased on two articulated specimens (UMUT
MM9767, 9768) from Loc. 2.
Description.-Shell very small for corbulids, subtrapezoidal, not rostrated, very
inequivalve, inequilateral, strongly inflated; test relatively thin; right valve larger
than left with more prominent umbo,
overlapping tightly the marginal area ofleft valve; umbo prosogyrous, placed
a little anteriorly from mid-length ofvalve; anterior margin slightly concave,while posterior margin is broadly convex;
a sharp carina running from umbo topostero-ventral angle in each valve, defining clearly posterior area; surface of
middle ventral portion ornamented with
densely spaced concentric striae, whereasumbonal and posterior areas are nearlysmooth; hinge structure unknown; a723.

Early Cretace01ts Bivalvia from Choshi

Table. 9. Measurements in mm [Corbu.
lomima sp. d. C. nuciformis VOKES]

439

Plectomya a ritagawana HAY AMI
Plate 53, Figure 17

Specimen
Conjoined
valves(MM 9767)
Conjoined
in. mould(MM 9768)

LengthHeightThickness

10.2

8.8

7. 1

8.5

7.1

6. 7

tooth-like buttress developed on the interior of posterior area in each valve.

Remarlcs.- The test is well preserved in
one specimen (MM9767) but nearly completely exfoliated in the other (MM9768).
The unequal size and discrepant margins
between two valves are clearly observedin these specimens.
As treated adequately by SHIKAMA andSUZUKI (1972), the present species undoubtedly belongs to the genus Corbulomima VOKES, 1945, resembling its typespecies, C. nuciformis VOKES, 1945, fromthe Aptian of Lebanon. The inequivalve
shell with discrepant valve margin, small
size and posterior internal buttress are sosimilar that specific distinction may bedifficult. The concentric striae on theventral surface. however, seem to be finerin the present specimens, if comparedwith the figured specimen (VOKES, 1946,
pI. 10, fig. 16) of the Lebanon species.
The present species may also be related
to COl'bula gaultina PICTET and CAMPICHE,
1864, from the Lower Gault of England(WOODS, 1908), which seems to belong to
the same genus, but the shell is somewhat
larger and more sharply carinated.
Occurrence.-Rare at Loc. 2 and Loc.3.
Superfamily Pandoracea
RAFINESQUE, 1815
Family Laternulidae HEDLEY, 1918
Genus Plectomya DE LORIOL, 1868v. 1966. Plectomyaaritagowana HA YAMI,
Mem. Fac. Sci. f(yushu Univ., ser. D, Yol.
17, no. 3, p. 168, pI. 25, figs. 14, 15, pI.
26, fig. 2.
1975. Plectomya aritagawona HA YA\II : I-IA YA\11, Bull. Univ. A1u5. Univ. Tokyo, no. 10,
p. 152.

Only an internal mould (UMUT MM9783,
37.1 +mm long, 16.8+mm high) is available for this study. It is articulated, but
strongly deformed and incomplete. Fromthe general outline and concentric plications restricted to the anterior part, it isreferable to PlectollIya aritagawana HA YAMI, 1966, which has been known from theupper Neocomian Arida Formation in theKii Peninsula and from the Albian Yatsushiro Formation of middle Kyushu.
Occurrence.-Rare at Loc. 2.

Taxonomic notes on some other bivalve
species from the Choshi Group[by Itaru HAY A\II]More than 30 species of Bivalvia fromthe Choshi Group were described or illustrated in previous works (ISHIWATARI,
1906; YEHARA, 1923; MAEDA, 1962; HAYAM!, 1965a, b; SIll KAMA and SUZUKI,
1972 ; TAMURA, 1978a). About ten of themwere already treated in the present description as shown in the synonym lists,
but many of them are not represented inour collection. In connection with thepresent faunal study, these illustrations
and, as possible, their original specimens
were critically examined. As the result
the occurrence of the following species
was confirmed [specific name in eachprevious work, if revised, is shown inbrackets].

440

Itaru HAY AMI and Tatsuo OJI

Portlandia (?) sp. [= Nucnlana (s.l.) sp. d.
N. sanchuensis YABE and NAGAO sensu
SlIIKA:VIA and SUZUKI, 1972, pI. 4, fig. 3J (Loc.
5) . This has a much shorter shell than thetype specimen of Portlandia sanchuensis andevidently belongs to a different species fromthe specimens of that species described in thisarticle.
Cucullaea transversa NAGAO [SHIKAMA andSUZUKI, 1972, pI. 4, fig. 8J (Lac. 3).
Eonavicula (?) sp. [= Parallelodon sp. sensu
SHIKA~IA and SUZUKI, 1972, pI. 4, fig. 4J (Loc.
3) .
Gervillia (Gervillia) forbesiana D'ORBIGNY[SI-IIKA~!A and SUZUKI, 1972, pI. 4, fig. 13J(Lac. 7). Because the specimen is poorly
preserved, the specific reference should beascertained by more amplified material.
Isognomon (Isognomon) choshienis HAYAMI[HAYA~lI, 1965a, p. 279, pI. 39, fig. 1J (Loc.
7).
No additional specimens have beencollected.
N eithea (N eithea) sp. [= N eithea (N eithea)amanoi HAYAM! sensu SlllKAMA and SUZUKI,
1972, pI. 4, fig. 15J (Loc. 3). The strong
convexity of shell and stout radial ribs seems
to differ from those of Neithea (Neithea)syriaca amanoi HAY AM!, 1965a, from the
Hagino Formation of central Shikoku. It may
belong to N eithea (N eithea) ficalhoi (CHOFF AT,
1888), but the specific determination is difficultat present.
Neithea (Neithella) notabilis (Me"STER)[=Neithea (Neithel/a) sp. d. N. (N.) atava
R<hIER sensu SHlKA~'IA and SUZCKI, 1972, pI.
4, fig. 14J (Loc. 3). See HA YAM! and NODA
(1977) for the nomenclatorial revision.
Parvamussium sp. [= Pseudocardia sp. cf. P.
tenuicosta (Sowerby) sensu SIIIKAMA andSUZUKI, 1972, pI. 6, fig. 2J (Lac. 9). This isactually not a carditid, but can be assigend toa deformed left valve of a propeamussiid. It
resembles Parvamussium himurai HAYA~I1,
1965, from the Upper Neocomian and Aptianof Shikoku and Kyushu, but the radial riblets
seem more numerous.
Plicatula sp. [SHIKAMA and SUZUKI, 1972,
pI. 4, fig. 16J (Lac. 3).
Spondylus sp. [= Spolldylus sp. aff. S. deco.
ratus NAGAO sensu SHIKA~!A and SUZUKI,

1972, pI. 5, fig. 1J (Loc. 3).
Acesta (?) sp. [ = Plagiostoma sp. sensu
SHIKAMA and SUZUKI, 1972, pI. 5, fig. 2J(Lac. 3).
Limidae gen. and sp. indet. [=Lima sp.
sensu S!-IIKAMA and SUZUKI, 1972, pI. 5, fig. 3J(Lac. 3).
Limatula nagaoi HAY AMI [SHIKAMA andSUZUKI, 1972, pl. 5, fig. 4J (Lac. 3).
Rastellum (Arctostrea) carinatum (LAMARCK)[= Lopha (Arctostrea) carinata (LAMARCK)
sensu SHIKAMA and SUZUKI, 1972, pI. 5, fig.
5J (Loc. 3).
Gryphaea (Bilobissa?) sp. [= Gryphaea sp.
sensu SHIKAMA and SUZUKI, 1972, pI. 5, figs.
6, 7J (Lac. 3).
Lopha(Actinostreon)
nagaoiHA YA~1!
[= Lopha (Lopha) nagaoi HAY AM! sensu
SHIKAMA and SUZUKI, 1972, pl. 5, fig. 8J (Loc.
3) •Amphidonte (Amphidonte)
subhaliotoidea(NAGAo) [SIIIKAMA and SUZUKI, 1972, pI. 5,
figs. 10-14J (Loc. 3)
Amphidonte (Ceratostreon) yabei (NAGAo)[SHIKAMA and SUZUKI, 1972, pI. 5, fig. 9J (Lac.
3) .

Nipponitrigonia choshiensis MAEDA [MAEDA,
1962, p. 507, pI. 4, figs. 1-13; SIIIKAMA andSUZUKI, 1972, pI. 6, fig. 1J (Ashikajima andInubo·zaki; Lac. 7).
Pachythaerus sp. [= Astarte subsenecta Y ABE
and NAGAO sensu Sill KAMA and SUZUKI, 1972,
pI. 6, fig. 4J (Lac. 3). Although Astarte sub.
senecta is actually represented by many
specimens in SHIKA:VIA and SUZUKI'S collection,
this illustrated specimen seems to belong to an
unnamed species of Pachythaerus.
Astarte (Yabea) shinanoensis Y ABE andNAGAO [=Astarte sp. d. A. (Yabea) ahatsui
HA YA~II sensu SHIKAMA and SUZUKI, 1972, pI.
6, fig. 6J (Loc. 3).
Opis (?) sp. [= Opis sp. sensu SHIKAMA andSUZUKI, 1972, pI. 6, fig. 8J (Lac. 3).
There are some other bivalves which were
illustrated by SHIKAMA and SUZUKI (1972)
under the following specific names, but theirgeneric and specific identifications are hardly
confirmable owing to the unfavorable state ofpreservation:
Inoceramus sp. d. I. yabei NAGAO and723.

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia from Choshi[pI. 4, fig. 9J (Lac. 3).
Inoceramus sp. cf. 1. concentricus nipponicus
NAGAO and MATSU"IOTO [pI. 4, fig. 10J (Lac.

MATSU!vIOTO

3) .

Pseudocardia amanoi HAYA\-II [pI. 6, fig. 3J(Lac. 3)
Costocyrena matsumotoi HA YAMI [pI. 6, fig.
IIJ (Lac. 3).
The specimen, which was illustrated by
SHIKA~'IA and SUZUKI (1972, pI. 4, fig. 12)
under the name of Pterinella (?) sp., is pro·bably not a bivalve but seems to belong to acertain crustacean species.

Concluding remarks on the bivalve
fauna of the Choshi Group
When one of us (HAY AMI, 1966) summarized the stratigraphic and geographic
distributions of Early Cretaceous marine
bivalves in Japan, the characters of Choshi
fauna could hardly be made clear, because
only a few species had been described.
As treated in the present study, however,
the occurences of 36 bivalve species are
confirmed in this group, and it becomes
possible for us to compare the specificassemblage with nearly contemporaneous(Barremian - Lower Albian) faunas ofother regions.
The specific assemblage is, however,considerably different among localities andhorizons. Three types of faunules are
distinguishable in the Choshi Group.
The first type (Kimigahama-type faunule) is characterized by the abundantoccurrence of Nuculopsis (Palaeonllcula)ishidoensis, Grammatodon (Nanonavis)
yokoyamai, Rasatrix suzulzii and many
gastropods in fine-grained sediments, as
exemplified by the fossils at Loc. 2 ofKimigahama. Rocky bottom inhabitants
are scarcely found, and these infaunal
species seem to indicate a level bottom
condition of relatively low energy, as
inferred from the lithology and state offossil preservation.

441

The second type (Ashikajima-type faunule) is characterized by the predominanceof Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta and Caestocorbula shilzamai in medium-grained sandstones as exemplified by the fossils at
Loc. 4 of Nagasaki and Locs. 7 and 8 of
Ashikajima. This may also be a levelbottom faunule but the lithology and modeof fossil occurrence indicate a sedimentary
environment of relatively high energy.
The third type (Nagasaki-type faunule)is characterized by the common occurrenceof Amphidonte (Amphidonte) subhaliotoidea
and many other epifaunal species of
Pteriomorphia in some calcareous siltstone.
The faunule of this type occurred at Loc.
3 of Nagasaki and is recognized only
through a collection of Yokohama National
University which was partly illustrated
by SHIKAMA and SUZUKI (1972). Unfortunately, this locality seems to have been
concealed by the construction of a harbor.
This faunule is probably a post-mortem
mixture of level bottom and rocky bottom
dwellers.
In the next place, we intend to compare
quantitatively the constituent species ofthese faunules (and their integration) withhitherto known faunas of other regionsin Japan. Various kinds of binary similarity indices have been applied for thecomparison of local faunas, and their properties were discussed in detail (SIMPSON,
1960; SOKAL and SNEATH, 1963; CHEETHAM
and HAZEL, 1969; etc.). The following
three indices are used in the present
study:SIMPSON Coefficient (58): C/NI
JACCARD Coefficient (5 J ) : C/(NI+Az-C)
DICE Coefficient (5): 2C/(N1 +N2 )where ,vI and N z are the numbers of constituent species in two faunas under comparison (NI~N2) and C is the number ofcommon species between the two faunas.
Occurrence of a comparable species isconventionally counted as a half common

442

Itaru HAYAMI and Tatsuo OJI

element. Because all the fossil bivalves
so far known from the Choshi Group are
decidedly purely marine species, brackishand fresh-water species (e. g. neomiodontids, corbiculids, some bakeveIIiids andsome corbulids) in other regions are excluded from this comparative study.
The Kimigahama-type faunule contains
several common elements with the faunaof the Ishido Formation in the Sanchu
area of Kwanto mountains [lV,=15, N 2 =30, C=5.5, 5 s =0.367, 5 J =0.186, 5 D =0.244],
and with that of the Lower Monobegawa
Group (Hachiryuzan, Hinagu and Yatsushiro Formations) in Kuma mountains of
middle Kyushu [N,=15, N 2 =40, C=4.5,
5 s =0.300, 5 J =0.089, 5 D =0.164]. On theother hand, there is only one common
species with the fauna of the Miyako
Group in the Kitakami mountains of north
Honshu [N,=15, N 2 =76, C=l, 5 s =0.067,
5 J =0.011, 5 D =0.022]. Marked differenceof specific composition between the present
faunule and the Miyako fauna was also
demonstrated by KASE and MAEDA (1980)
on gastropods.
The Ashikajima-type faunule, though
the number of species is too small to
calculate similarity indices, also appears
to show more intimate relation to the
Sanchu and Kuma faunas than the Miyako
fauna.
The Nagasaki-type faunule is, on thecontrary, characterized by a number ofcommon species not only with the Sanchu
fauna [N,=20, N 2 =30, C=4.5, 5 s =0.225,
5 J =0.099, 5 D =0.180] and the Kuma fauna[N,=20, N 2 =40, C=2.5, 5 s =0.125, 5 J =0.043, 5 D =0.083] but also with the Miyako
fauna [N,=20, N 2 =76, C=7, 5 s =0.350,
5 J =0.079, 5 D =0.146].
The Choshi Group ranges from theBarremian to the lower Upper Aptian(OBATA et aI., 1975), and is evidently older
than the Miyako Group which ranges fromthe middle Upper Aptian to the upper

Lower Albian. The result of above mentioned comparative study seems to indicatethat the discrepancy of bivalves between
Choshi and Miyako is considerably due tothe difference of sedimentary facies. Incidentally, calcareous reef deposits are
predominant in the Miyako Group, but
scarcely known in the Choshi Group andother Early Cretaceous marine formations
in central and west Japan.
Binary similarity indices (5 s , 5 J and 5 D )were also calculated between a pair of
local marine bivalve faunas in the Lower
Cretaceous of Japan (Table 10 and Table
11). The bivalve fauna of the Choshi
Group, which is the integration of thesethree and a few other smaller faunules,
shows the most intimate relation to the
Sanchu fauna, but also bears several
common elements with the Miyako, Susaki
and Kuma faunas. The similarity indicesbetween the Sanchu and Kuma faunas
are notably high. The bivalve fauna of
the Lower Monobegawa Group in Shikoku(Katsuuragawa and Monobegawa areas),
which was partly described by HAY AMI(1965a, b, 1966) and others and is now
more intensively studied by TASHIRO (oralcommunication), also contains many common elements with the Sanchu and Kuma
faunas. Furthermore, Upper Neocomian
faunas of the Oshima Formation and the
Of una to Group in Kitakami mountains alsobears some common bivalves with the
Choshi. Sanchu and Kuma faunas.
As theoretically discussed by SIMPSON(1960) and some others, discrepancies insample size (number of species) between
two faunas may have strong influence on
JACCARD and DICE Coefficients, but not
so significantly on SIMPSON Coefficient.
Actually, the calculated values of 5 J and5 D related to the Susaki fauna, which isrelatively small in number of constituent
species, are much lower than those ofother cases, but such a tendency is not723.
Table 10.

Fauna

Early Cretacem~s Bivalvia from Choshi

443

Number of common species (right upper) and SIMPSON Coefficient (5 s ; left lower)
between each pair of local marine bivalve faunas in Japan.

References

StrataNumberMiyako Choshi Sanchu Susaki
ofspecies

Kuma

MiyakoMiyakoGroup

NAGAo, 1934
HA YAMI, 1965-66

76

*

9

11

2.5

9

ChoshiChoshiGroup

HAYAMI andOJ I, 1980

36

.250

*

9.5

3

8.5

SanchuIshidoFormation

30

.367

.317

*

2

15

12

.208

.250

.167

*

3

40

.225

.236

.500

.250

*

YABE, NAGAO
and SHIMIZU,

1926
HAYAMI, 1965-66

Susaki

Kuma

Doganaro
Formation

HAYAMI and
KAwAsAwA,

1967
KATTo andTASHIRO, 1978

Lower
Monobegawa HAYAMI, 1965-66
Group

Table 11. Binary similarity indices, JACCARD Coefficient (5 J ; right upper) and DICE
Coefficient (5 D ; left lower) between each pair of local marine bivalve faunas in Japan.

Fauna

StrataReferences

MiyakoMiyakoGroup

NAGAo, 1934
HAYAMI, 1965-66

ChoshiChoshiGroup

HAYAMI and OJI,

SanchuIshidoFormation

1980
YABE, NAGAO
and SIII:v1IZU,

1926

NumberMiyako Choshi Sanchu Susaki
ofspecies

Kuma

76

*

.087

.116

.029

.084

36

.161

*

.168

.067

. 126

30

.208

.288

*

.050

.273

12

.057

.125

.093

40

.155

.224

.429

HAYA:'vII, 1965-66
HAYA:'v11 andKAwAsAwA, 1967
KAT TO andTASHIRO, 1978

Susaki

Doganaro
Formation

Kuma

Lower
Monobegawa HAYAMI, 1965-66
Group

.061

. ll5

*

444

Itaru HAY AMI and Tatsuo OJI

apparent in the values of 58. Althoughthese similarity indices are changeable byfuture taxonomic and stratigraphic studies, it may be conclusive that none ofthese local faunas was strictly isolated
from those of other regions. Many ofthese bivalves are, as empirically recognized, long-ranging species, and the faunalsimilarity and difference are regarded as
primarily due to paleoenvironmental factors rather than chronological.
Cosmopolitan and foreign elements appear to be rare in the bivalve fauna of
the Choshi Group. Only the occurrenceof Gervillia (Gervillia) forbesiana andNeithea (Neithella) notabilis, which wereoriginally known in western Europe, isconfirmed in SHIKAMA and SUZUKI'S collection. In the Early Cretaceous bivalve
faunas of Japan, however, there are alarge number of common or closely related
bivalves with Tethyan and European
faunas, especially Aptian ones of Lebanon,
Caucasus, Crimea and western Europe(HA YAMI, 1966, p. 192). The three speciesof the Corbulidae described in the present
paper are also good examples of such afaunal connection. Provinciality is not

Explanation of Plate 51
Nuculopsis (Palaeonucula) ishidoensis (Y ABE and NAGAO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 423
Fig. 1. Conjoined valves (MM 9701) x 1.5. 1a: left view, 1b: right view, 1c: anterior view, 1d:posterior view, Ie: dorsal view. Loc. 2.
Fig. 2. Right valve showing hinge teeth (MM 9716) x 1.5. Lac. 4.
Fig. 3. Left valve (MM 9713) x 1.5. 3a: external view, 3b: internal view. Lac. 2.
Fig. 4. Right valve (MM 9704) x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Fig. 5. Right valve (MM 9703) x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Fig. 6. Right valve (MM 9702) x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Portlandia sanchuensis (Y ABE and NAGAO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 425
Fig. 7. Right valve (MM 9718) x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Fig. 8. Left valve (MM 9720) x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Fig. 9. Right internal mould (MM 9719) x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Fig. 10. Right valve (internal view) (MM 9721) x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Mesosaccella(?) choshiensis HAYAMI, sp. nov ............................................. p. 426
Fig. 11. Conjoined valves (MM 9722), holotype, x2. lla: left view, llb: right view. Lac. 2.
Fig. 12. Left valve (MM 9723), paratype, x 2. Lac. 2.
Mesosaccella (?) sp. . ..................................................................... p. 427
Fig. 13. Left valve (MM 9784) x2. Loc. 2.
Fig. 14. Right valve (MM 9785) x 2. Lac. 2.
Solemya sp ............................................................................... p. 427
Fig. 15. Right valve (MM 9725) x 1.5. Lac. 1.
Fig. 16. Left valve (MM 9726) x 1.5. Lac. 1.
Fig. 17. Internal mould of conjoined valves (MM 9727) x 1.5. 17a: right view, 17b: left view.
Lac. 2.
Pinna sp ................................................................................. p. 430
Fig. 18. Conjoined valves (MM 9743) x 1.5. 18a: left view, 18b: right view. Lac. 2.
Rasatrix suzukii HAY AMI, sp. nov. . ..................................................... p. 434
Fig. 19. Right valve (MM 9774), paratype, x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Fig. 20. Left valve (MM 9771), holotype, x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Fig. 21. Left valve (MM 9773), para type, x 1.5. Lac. 2.
Fig. 22. Right valve (MM 9772), para type, x 1.5. Lac. 2.

HAY AMI and OjI:

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia front Choshi

Plate 51

723.

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia from Choshi

clearly exhibited in the bivalve !faunas ofthis period.
Acknowledgements

We express our sincere thanks to Messrs.
Tomoki KASE (National Science Museum,
Tokyo) and Haruyoshi MAEDA (Universityof Tokyo) for their cooperative works inthe field and laboratory. We are alsomuch indebted to Professor Tetsuro HANAI(University of Tokyo) for his encouragements, Mr. Paul FRYDL (University ofTokyo) for the improvement of this manuscript, Dr. Ikuwo OBATA (National Science
Museum, Tokyo) for his useful suggestions
about the biostratigraphy of the Choshi
Group, and the late Professor Tokio SHIKAMA and Mr. Kimihiko OZAKI (Yokohama National University) for their permission to observe their collection. This
study was partly supported by the Grantin-Aid for Co-operative Research (No.
334043) of the Ministry of Education.
References
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[in japanese]

446

Itaru HAYAMI and Tatsuo OjI

KASE, T. and MAEDA, H. (1980):
Early
Cretaceous Gastropoda from the Choshi
district, Chiba Prefecture, central japan.
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MATSC~IOTO, T., HAYAMI, I. and ASANO, K.
(1963): Part VII. M. YOKOY AMA: Versteinerungen aus der japanischen Kreide.
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1, 2.

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(1975): Geological age of the Cretaceous
Choshi Group.
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SHIKAMA, T. and SUZUKI, S. (1972): Stratigraphy and tectonic development mainlyof Cretaceous formations of Choshi Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture. Sci. Rep. YokohamaNatn. Univ., ser. 2, no. 19, p. 133-157,
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abstract]
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Sci., vol. 258-A (BRADLEY Vol.) , p. 300-311.
SOKAL, R. R. and SNEATH, P. H. A. (1963):
Principles of Numerical Taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco. 359p.
TAMURA, M. (1977): Cenomanian bivalvesfrom the Mifune Group, japan. Part 2.
Mem. Fac. Educ. Kumamoto Univ., no.
26, p. 109-144, pis. 1-13.

Explanation of Plate 52
Grammatodon (Nanonavis) yokoyamai YABE and NAGAo .................................. p. 428
Fig. 1. Conjoined valves (MM 9732) x 1.5. la: left view, Ib: right view. Loc. 2.
Fig. 2. Artificial internal mould of right valve (MM 9739) x 1.5. Loc. 2.
Fig. 3. Conjoined valves (MM 9736) x 1.5. 3a: left view, 3b: right view.
Loc. 2.
Fig. 4. Left valve (MM 9734) x 1.5. Loc. 2.
Fig. 5. Conjoined valves (right view) (MM 9737) x 1.5. Loc. 2.
Fig. 6. Conjoined valves (MM 9731) x 1.5. 6a: left view, 6b: right view, 6c: dorsal view, 6d :anterior view, 6e: posterior view. Loc. 2.
Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia) pocilliformis (Y OKOY AMA) .................................. p. 431
Fig. 7. Left internal mould (MM 9779) x 1.5. Loc. 5.

HAYAMI and OjI:

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia from Choshi

Plate 52

723.

447

Early Cretaceous Bivalvia from Choshi- - (1978a): Range of Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia) hokkaidoana (YEHARA) anddistinction among related species. Mem.
Fac. Educ. Kumamoto Univ., no. 27, p.
85-95, pis. 1-4. [in japanese with English
abstract]- - (1978b): A new species of Pterotrigonia
from Upper Cretaceous Onogawa Group,
japan. Mem. Fac. Educ. Kumamoto Univ.,
no. 27, p. 81-84, pI. 1.
TASHIRO, M. (1976): Bivalve faunas of theCretaceous Himenoura Group in Kyushu.
Pal. Soc. Ja.pan, Spec. Papers, no. 19, p.
1-102, pis. 1-12.
VOKES, H. E. (1944): The validity of themolluscan genus Caestocorbula VIKCE:-.1T.
Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 242, p. 614-623, pI.
1.
- - (1945): Supraspecific groups of thepelecypod family Corbulidae. Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 86, art. 1, p. 1-32,
pis. 1-4.
- - (1946): Contributions to the paleontologyof the Lebanon mountains, Republic of
Lebanon. Part 3. The pelecypod fauna ofthe "Olive locality" (Aptian) at Abeih.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 87, art.
3, p. 143-215, pis. 1-10.
WHITFIELD, R. P. (1891): Observations onsome Cretaceous fossils from the Beyrut

district of Syria, in the collections of theAmerican Museum of Natural History,
with descriptions of some new species.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Na.t. Hist., vol. 3, p.
381-441, pis. 4-11.
WOODS, H. (1899-1913): A Monograph of theCretaceous Lamellibranchia of England.
Vol. 1 (1899-1903), xliii + 227p., 42pls.,
Vol. 2 (1904-1913), 473p., 62pls. Palaeontogr. Soc. London.
YABE, H., NAGAO, T. and SHI:VIlZC, S. (1926) :Cretaceous Mollusca from the Sanchu
graben in the Kwanto mountainland,japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser.
2, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 33-76, pis. 12-15.
YA:-"IANE, S. (1926): Explanatory Text ofGeologic Map of Japan, Choshi Sheet,
Scale 1: 75,000. Geol. Surv. japan. 40p.
[in Japanese with English abstract]
YEHARA, S. (1914): On the Cretaceous andPalaeozoic formations of Choshi in theProvince of Shimofusa. Jour. Geol. Soc.
Tokyo, vol. 22, no. 261, p. 235-238. [injapanese]- - (1923): Cretaceous trigoniae from Southwest japan. Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr.
vol. 2, no. 3, p. 59-84, pis. 8-13.
YOKOYA~IA, M. (1890): Versteinerungen aus
der japanischen Kreide. Palaeontographica,
Bd. 36, p. 159-202, pis. 18-25.

~H:It!!jJj£(J)jjijWlEliJl1.*e=t!I:~M : =r~w..~~T¥SI,mJIUf.ijj$I;:.ia"? -C lil±l-r 7.> ~~T~M(/~ v ~ 7 :/-77'7"- 7 :/~)I;:.~UJjjijiJ' G~ < (J)=t!I:~ ft:fiiJ~j£I±l-r 7.> .:. t iJ~~ Gn -C\"t.:iJ~,

7tM~(I~F.e~iJ~WiJtB~-C~ "? t.:t.:clb • .:t(J)~f:f :H;t~'-fl. . {, IJf:I GiJ,-e~;ttJ:iJ' "? t.:o 4'@], *~:rB~tjJ(J);g- T ~tJ: t" (J)j£JIf!-CiJ,tJ: IJ f*ff: ~1Ef(J)fJ\f*!IW~ft:fiMiJ~§eJ! ~n,~:fiI!~~tr~(J)13~· 15fi~~}]JjU.:(J)-C~~-r7.>n~M U.:*6,*,

4(~j£-r7.>n!VEMft:fift:IJ~ifJi· lltrBJ(1980)

I;:: ~!fil( ~ -C \" 7.» 0 Nuculopsis (Palaeonucula) ishidoensis, Portlandia sanchuensis,
Mesosaccella (?) choshiensis sp. nov., Mesosaccella (?) sp., Solemya sp., G rammatodon(Nanonavis) yokoyamai, Pinna (Pinna) sp., Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigollia) pocillifonnis,
Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta, Laevical'dium (?) sp. aff. L. (?) ishidoense, Rasatrix
suzukii sp. nov., Caestocorbula shikamai sp. nov., Caestocorbula minima sp. nov.,
Corbulomima sp. d. C. nuciformis, Plectomya aritagawana. .:. G (J):fiI!(J)-{''Illtl*l*l1i:It!! (J):fitt~'N§"Y413 *7'Hlf (J) ffll~$)11 ~tf.r;::j£-r 7.> J~:!J:ilff! -C' ~ 7.> iJ~, ¥,j',ff: Jl!1Ef(J)~* r;:' J: "?
-Cff!(J)%,fl,(iJ,J: IJ I!JHi'61t tJ:"?t.:o 4-@]:!*~-c~tJ:iJ'''?t.:iJ~tt*~~T~MiJ'Gj£I±ll...~jf;~n-C\"7.>~*~~;}::,..jt-C~M U.:t .:. 0, *~MiJ' Gj£-r ;;'1t:o=:tt~~t32J!,36:fi1!r;:::ii-r 7.>.:. t. iJ~
r-UIJf:Il... t.:o .:. G ~*'fIHtI!.JIf!~(J)Ii'UIlifWl(J)1t:fiM t.ltil!lc:-r 7.> t, ~*l1iJlf!(J):fi1it~(J)=:tt~Mr;:::IIH MfJ;.(l.tiJ~i\!ij\, 'iJ', Hgr..1·(1972) r;:: J: 7.>:I~Jt.:t~(J) 1 j£JIf!(J):!*~&lt'8J!i'J\i!Hltl;::~jjjl-r7.>ff!~iJ,tJ:IJ~<~A,-C\"7.>o)!7./( i'&·*nw~

n

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ii*

448

Itaru HAYAMI and Tatsuo OJI

Ashikajima mHtl!.eJ"
Choshi ~T,
Inubo-zaki *~tiIj,
Nagasaki :!lt~,
Nagasaki-hana :!lt~.,
ham a ;g?"~,Isejigaura 1JI"~!H\~?" nIi,
KimigaTokawa 7'\-)11,
Toriakeura §OOnli

Explanation of Plate 53
Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta YABE and NAGAO .......................................... p. 431
Fig. 1. Right valve (MM 9744) x 1.5. Loc. 4.
Fig. 2. Left valve (MM 9786) x 1.5. Loc. 7.
Fig. 3. Right valve (MM 9746) x 1.5. Loc. 4.
Fig. 4. Right valve (internal view) (MM 9747) x 1.5. Loc. 4.
Fig. 5. Left valve (internal view) (MM 9787) x 1.5. Loc. 7.
Fig. 6. Right valve (MM 9748) x 1.5. Loc. 4.
Laevicardium (?) sp. aff. L. (?) ishidoense (Y ABE and NAGAO) ............................ p. 434
Fig. 7. Left valve (MM 9769) x 1.5. 7a: internal mould with partly preserved shell, 7b: Rubber
cast from the same external mould. Loc. 2.
Caestocorbula shikamai HAYAMI, sp. nov. . ............................................... p. 436
Fig. 8. Rubber cast from a left internal mould (MM 9763), paratype, x 1.5. Loc. 4.
Fig. 9. Rubber cast from a right internal mould (MM 9762), para type, x 1.5. Loc. 4.
Fig. 10. Right valve (MM 9753), holotype, x 1.5. lOa: right view, lOb: dorsal view, 10c:
anterior view. Loc. 7.
Fig. 11. Right valve (MM 9755), paratype, x 1.5. 11a: right view, 11b: internal view. Loc. 4.
Fig. 12. Left valve (MM 9759), paratype, x 1.5. Loc. 4.
Corbulomima sp. d. C. nuciformis VOKES ................................................ p. 438
Fig. 13. Conjoined valves (MM 9767) x 2. 13a: left view, 13b: right view. Loc. 2.
Fig. 14. Internal mould of closed valves (MM 9768) x2. 14a: left view, 14b: dorsal view. Loc.
2.
Caestocorbula minima HA YA~Il, sp. nov ................................................... p. 437
Fig. 15. Conjoined valves (MM 9764), holotype, x 2.7. 15a: left view, 15b: right view. Loc. 2.
Fig. 16. Left valve (MM 9766), paratype, x2.7. Loc. 2.
Plectomya aritagwana HAYAMI .......................................................... p. 439
Fig. 17. Internal mould of closed valves (MM 9793) x 1.5. 17a: left view, 17b: right view,Loc. 2.

HAYAMI and OJI:

Ea?-ly Cretaceous Bivalvia from Choshi

Plate 53

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 120, pp. 449-465, pis. 54-56, December 30, 1980

724. EARLY JURASSIC PLANTS IN JAPAN.

PART 2*TATSUAKI KIMURA and MASANORI TSUJIITokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184

Abstract. This is the second of serial papers on the early Jurassic plants inJapan. In this paper we describe Marattia asiatica belonging to the Marattiaceae,
and Todites cfr. denticulatus, T. fastuosus (KIMURA) comb. nov., T. neiridaniensis
sp. nov. and Osmundopsis nipponica sp. nov. belonging to the Osmundaceae.

PI. 54 Fig. 1; PI. 55, Figs. 1-3;
Text-figs. 1a-i

Introduction and acknowledgement
Continued from our previous paper
treating Equisetales (KIMURA and TSUJII,1980), we here describe the fossils
belonging to the Marattiaceae andOsmundaceae from the Lower Jurassic
Kuruma Group and Iwamuro Formation.
The details of stratigraphy of plantbearing formations and localities werealready mentioned in our previous paper.
We express our sincere gratitude toProfessor Emeritus Thomas M. HARRIS,
F. R. S. of the University of Reading forhis helpful suggestions and critical readingover the present manuscript.

Marattiopsis asiatica KAWASAKI: KAWASAKI,
1939, pp. 50, 56 (nomenclature).
Marattia asiatica(KAWASAKI)HARRIS:HARRIS, 1961, pp. 73, 75 (nomenclature) :KILPPER, 1964, p. 24, pl.'3, figs. 1-2 (Liassicof North Iran): HsO et aI., 1979, p. 20,
pI. 5, figs. 4, 5a (Upper Triassic of SWSichuan, China).
Marattiopsis muensteri (GOEPPERT) SCI-llMPER :KAWASAKI, 1925, p. 26, pl. 36, fig. 101;
pl. 37, fig. 102 (Upper Triassic of Daedong
Group, Korea): 1926, p. 18, pI. 1, fig. 2(ditto) : DISH!, 1931, p.242, pl. 16, fig. 10,
lOa (Kuruma Group) ; 1932, p. 272, pI. 20,
figs. 4-6 (Upper Triassic Nariwa Group) :1940, p. 192 (general remarks).
Marattiopsis cfr. 11luensteri (GOEPPERT)SCHIMPER: SZE & HsO, 1954, p. 44, pI.
39, figs. 1-2 (Lower Jurassic Yipinglang
and Xiangxi Formations, Yunnan andHubei, China)_
Taeniopteris (Marattia) miinsteri GOEPPERT:ZEILLER, 1903, p. 63, pI. 9, figs. 6-8(Upper Triassic of North Viet-Nam).
Taeniopteris sp.: KIMURA, 1959b, p. 75, pI.
1, fig. 3 (Kuruma Group).

Systematic description
Family Marattiaceae
Genus Marattia SCHWARTZ, 1788
We foilowed HARRIS (1961) in using thegeneric name Marattia instead of
Marattiopsis SCHIMPER.

Material: NNW-216, 321, 415,439,483,495,
499, 573, 644, 690, 816 and other 27 specimens(Nishi-Neiridani) ; NEE-017, 081, 088, 121, 133,
136, 139, 332, 351 and other 12 specimens(Higashi-Neiridani) ; NE-078 and other 5 speci-

Marattia asiatica (KAWASAKI)HARRIS* Received August 27, 1980; read January
25, 1980 at Tsukuba.
449

450

T atsuaki KIMURA an d JlIIasano1"i T suJI!

mens (N eirid a ni ); NEG -048 and othe r 15
s pecim ens (Neg oya ) ; DA I-091 (Da ir agawa) ;KA -015 (Kawag llrod ani ) ; Kr- 046 (Tsll chi zawa ) ;4982801- 1 (Kota ki Coal -F ield) ; A-044 1, 494 an doth er 5 specime ns (Iwa mll r o) .

Description.- 92 specimens were obtained

from the Kuruma Group and lwa muroFormation. T hey are a ll fr ag men ts ofdetached rib bon-like pinn ae excludin g one
shown in Text-fig. lc in w hich a sessil epinna is attached nearl y perpend icular ly
to a thick rachis. more t han 1.8 cm w ide.

2cm

lh

' - - -_ _--..JI

O.5cm

2cm

!
li
2cm

724.

Early Jurassic plants

It has longitudinal striations on thesurface.
The sterile and fertile pinnae resemble
one another in size and shape, the fertile
being by far the commoner. The pinnae
taper evenly for a considerable distancefrom the base, but becoming more acuteto a somewhat obtusely pointed apex, andare mostly 21-40 mm wide (range noted 1440. 5 mm); among 41 specimens measured
excluding ones near the apex and base,the distribution of width and their frequency (in parentheses) are as follows;
14-15 mm (4), 16-20 mm (3), 21-25 mm (6),26-30 mm (10), 31-35 mm (8), 36-40 mm(8), 40. 5 mm (2). The midrib with longitudinal fine striations on its surface, isabout 4. 5 mm wide near the base of alarge pinna. The pinna margins areeither entire or sometimes broadly
undulated.
The lamina extends backwards beyond
the base of midrib as a pair of rounded
lobes to make a prominently cordate base.
Throughout the greater part of a pinna,
the lateral veins arise at a narrow angle

451

but soon bend outwards and meet themargin perpendicularly as shown in
Text-fig. ld, or arise perpendicularly orobliquely to the midrib, then runningnearly straight to the margin as shownin Text-figs. la and lh; they sometimes bend forwards at the margin asshown in Text-figs. lh and Ii. In thebasal lobes the veins bend backwards,
while they are straight and make an angleof 50-55 degrees near the apex and often
of 70 degrees near the base. The veinsare simple or forked and sometimes branchclose to the midrib, and those on the lobes
branch twice or thrice as shown in Textfig. la, but those near the apex and thebase just above the lobes do not branch.
The concentration of veins reaching themargin is mostly 13-15 per cm (range
noted 12-18) ; among 44 specimens
measured, its distribution and their frequency are, 12 per cm (5), 13(10), 14(15),15(7), 16(4), 17(2), 18(1). There is nointerrelation between the size of pinnaeand the density of veins. The interstitial
ridges (venuli l'ecurrentes) are often

Text-figs. la-i. Marattia asiatica (KAWASAKI) HARRIS
1 a. Basal part of a detached fertile pinna with asymmetrically developed basal lobes; the ratioof synangial length to width of lamina is 1/10 (the lower limit of its variation) ; back-side
view. NNW-720 (Nishi-Neiridani).
1 b. A sterile pinna with asymmetrically developed basal lobes; back-side view. NNW -573 (NishiNeiridani) .
1 c. A detached sterile pinna with asymmetrical basal lobes; back-side view. NEE-133 (HigashiNeiridani) .
1 d. A middle part of fertile pinna; the ratio of synangial length to width of lamina is 1/8;
back-side view. NNW -816 (Nishi-Neiridani).
1 e. Ditto; the ratio of synangial length to width of lamina is 1/4.9; surface view. NEE-081(Higashi-Neiridani) .
1 f. Ditto; the ratio of synangial length to width of lamina is 1/5.2; back-side view. A-0494(Iwamuro).
1 g. Ditto; the ratio of synangial length to width of lamina is estimated as 1/5; back-side view.
NEE-0l7 (Higashi-Neiridani).
1 h . A sterile pinna; apical part is missing; back-side view. NEE-332 (Higashi-Neiridani).
1 i. Ditto; surface view. 4982801-1 (Kotaki Coal-Field), reinserted from KIMURA, 1959b (pI. 1,
fig. 3; Taeniopteris sp.).
1 i. Dehisced synangia, enlarged from NNW -690 (Nishi-Neiridani).

452

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Masanori TsuJI!

recognizable.
The synangia are mostly 3.1-7 mm long(range noted 2-9 mm) ; among 43 specimens
measured, the distribution of length andtheir frequency are, 2-3 mm (7),3.1-4 mm(9), 4.1-5mm (11), 5.1-6mm (8), 6.1-7mm (6), 7.1-9 mm (2); the shorter ones
are restricted to the area near the apex.
The synangia occupy mostly 1/4-1/7 (range
noted 1/3.3-1/10) of width of the lamina;
among 41 specimens measured, the distribution of ratios and their frequency
are. 1/3.3-1/4 (2), 1/4.1-1/5 (10), 1/5.11/6 (10), 1/6.1-1/7 (6), 1/7.1-1/8 (3), 1/8.1/
1/9 (5), 1/9. 1-1/10 (5).
The synangia are 0.83 mm wide andproject a considerable distance outwards
from the surface. All of them aredehisced. The outer walls are thick andgape and their inner surface is marked
with little indication of transverse ridges;
the number of ridges is 60-70 in thelongest synangia as shown in Text-fig. lj.
Thus spores are not known.
We looked for but could not detect any
differences between the specimens fromour different localities.
Distribution.-In Japan Marattia asiatica
is distributed in the Noric Nariwa Groupand the Lower Jurassic Kuruma Group
Outside ofand Iwamuro Formation.
Japan, this species is known from theUpper Triassic of Korea, China (SWSichuan), North Viet-Nam and North Iran,and the Lower Jurassic of China (Yunnanand Hubei).
Discussion and comparison. - As mentioned above, our specimens show wide
range of variation in the width of pinnae,
the concentration of veins and the lengthof synangia. The expanded diagnosis
given by KILPPER (1964) agrees with our
specimens described above. In addition
we first show the basal lobes of thisspecies.
Fossil lvlarattia (or Marattiopsis) species

have been defined by the combination of
the following features of pinnae; theshape of pinna base, the width of pinnae,
the pinna margins, the length of synangia,
the mode of branching of veins, the concentration of veins, the existence ofinterstitial ridges and the markings on
the surface of midrib.
From HARRIS' description (1931), KA WASAKI received a hint that the specimens
described by ZEILLER (1903) from North
Viet-Nam differed from Marattiopsis
muensteri and M. hoerensis in having
more crowded veins, and probably therefore his specimens represented a distinct
species. Consequently KAWASAKI (1939)
proposed Marattiopsis asiatica based on
the Viet-Namese, Japanese and Korean
specimens which had been referred toMarattiopsis muensteri (GOEPPERT) by
ZEILLER (1903), OISHI (1931, 1932) and byhimself (1925, 1926).
OISHI's specimens (1931) from theKuruma Group at Tsuchizawa agree inall features with the present ones. The
sterile pinna fragment described by
KIMURA (1959b) as Taeniopteris sp. fromthe Kuruma Group at Kotaki Coal-field
is now safely referable to Marattia
asiatica.
OISHI's specimens (1932) from the Nariwa
Group agree with the present ones in thewidth of pinnae and the length ofsynangia. But their smaller number ofveins (12 per em) probably led HsU et al.
(1979) to continue to regard these OISHI'S
specimens as representing Marattia
muensteri. We believe OISHI's specimens
to be referable to M. asiatica, because
their concentration of veins possibly
represent the lower limit of its variation.
KAWASAKI'S specimens (1925, 1926)
from the Daedong Group of Korea and
ZEILLER'S ones (1903) agree well with thepresent ones in all features.
The specimens described by HsU et al.

72.4.

Early Jurassic plants(1979) are indistinguishable from thepresent ones in all features. Marattiopsis
cfr. muensteri illustrated by SZE & HsU(1954) from the Yipinglang Formation in
Yunnan and Xiangxi Formation in Hubei
of China, may be referable to M. asiatica,
because, according to SZE & HsU, itsconcentration of veins is said to be 15-18
per cm.
KILPPER'S specimens (1964) from the
Liassic of North Iran are also indistinguishable from the present ones, because
in his specimens, pinnae are 3.5 cm wide,
the concentration of veins, 12-18 per cm
and the length of synangia, 2.5-7 mm.
The following
European
species,Marattia muensteri (GOEPPERT) SCHIMPER,
M. hoerensis SCHIMPER and M. anglica(THOMAS) HARRIS are similar in the shapeof pinnae to M. asiatica. But Marattia
asiatica is distinguishable from them inhaving more crowed veins, 12-18 per cm
instead of about 10 per cm in M. muensteri
and M. hoerensis, and 10-12 per cm in M.
anglica.
In our collection there are several
specimens showing prominent basal lobes.
These lobes are similar in shape to thoseof Marattia hoerensis, but they are somewhat different from those of M. hoerensis
in having twice or thrice branched veins
instead of once branched ones.
The pinna base of Marattia asiatica
differs from that of M. muensteri which
has not lobes as clearly shown by
BARTHOLIN (1892, pI. 9, fig. 9).
In addition, Marattia asiatica is distinguished from M. anglica by that first
M. anglica has asymmetrically constricted
pinna base instead of cordate one in M.
asiatica, secondly in M. anglica, the ratioof synangial length to width of laminae
are, according to HARRIS (1961), from
1/2.3-1/5.6 instead of 1/3.3-1/10 in M.
asiatica.
Marattiopsis crenulatus originally des-453

cribed by LUNDBLAD (1950) from theUpper Triassic of Northwestern Scania,
is distinguished from M. asiatica by having
crenulate margins of pinnae and smaller
number of veins (9 per cm).
KILPPER (1964) adopted Marattia intermedia (MUNSTER) instead of M. muensteri,because Taeniopteris intermedia, thesource of M. intermedia was instituted
by MUKSTER in 1836 earlier than theinstitution of Taeniopteris muensteri, thesource of M. muensteri by GOEPPERT in
1843. KILPPER included most of the specimens regarded as Marattia (or Marattiopsis) 11luensteri, M. hoerensis and M. anglica
in Europe into his M. intennedia as
synonyms. Setting aside his taxonomic
treatment, his specimens illustrated fromthe Lias of North Iran as M. intermedia
are similar in the shape of pinnae
including basal lobes and the length ofsynangia (2-10 mm) to those of M. asiatica.
But KILPPER'S specimens have rather
coarser veins (8-16 per cm) than those of
M. asiatica (12-18 per cm).
The pinna fragments illustrated by
CHAKG (1976) as Marattia hoerensis fromthe Shiguai Group (Lower-Middle Jurassic)
in Neimeng of China are, according to
CHANG, 10-27 mm wide with veins in concentration of 12 per cm and synangia
being 3-5 mm long. Although their pinnabases have not been known, his specimens
might be distinct from Marattia asiatica
and be referable to M. anglica rather
than to M. hoerensis, because their ratiosof synangial length to width of lamina
are usually larger and within 1/3-1/5,
instead of 1/3.3-1/10 in M. asiatica.
Similar specimens regarded as Marattia
hoerensis were illustrated by FENG et ai.
(1977) from the Xiangxi Formation (LowerMiddle Jurassic) in Hubei of China. They
appear to be different from those illustrated by SZE & HsU (1954) as Marattiopsis
cfr. muensteri (=M. asiatica in this work),

454

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Masanori TSUJII

because in the former specimens veinsare 12 per cm instead of 15-18 per cm inthe latter ones.
Marattiopsis litangensis
originnallyillustrated by YANG (1978) from the Upper
Triassic of Western Sichuan of China
differs from Marattia asiatica because
YANG'S species is characterized by its
crenulate margins and less crowded veins(about 10 per cm).
The range of variation in the pinnaeof one species overlaps the range ofanother species and it may thus be
impossible to determine just a few pinna
fragments.
Family Osmundaceae
Genus Todites SEWARD, 1900: 86
Three Todites species were recognized,
among which T. cfr. denticulatus and T.
fastuosus belonged to the Cladotheca
group and T. neiridaniensis to the Todites
williamsoni-goeppertianus group defined by
HARRIS (1931, 1937, 1961).
Todites cfr. denticulatus(BRONGNIART) KRASSER
PI. 54, Figs. 2-3; PI. 55, Fig. 4;
PI. 56, Figs. 1-2; Text-figs. 2a·f
Comparable specimens: Todites denticulatus(BRONGNIART) KRASSER: HARRIS,1961, p.
78, text· figs. 25-27 (Yorkshire).
Material: Fertile specimens; NE·091, 093,
094, 097, 098 (Neiridani). Sterile specimens;
NE·007, 133, 154 and other 5 specimens (Neiri·dani) , NNW -076, 410, 411, 684 and other 66
specimens (Nishi-Neiridani), NEE-019 andother 5 specimens (Higashi·Neiridani), NEG023 and other 5 specimens (Negoyadani), A0331 and other 23 specimens (Iwamuro).
Besides above 10 sterile specimens wereobtained from Kawagurodani, Dairagawa,Shinadani,
Tobiiwadani, Tsuchizawa andKotaki Coal· Field.

Description.-Over 130 leaf-fragments
including 5 fertile ones were obtained.
They represent various parts of the leaf,
but the whole leaf is not known.
Sterile and fertile leaves are separate,
although they are of similar size andform but the pinnules are dimorphic.
The rachis is thick, up to 8.5 mm wide,
rounded below, but with a strong ridgeon the upper side. Sterile pinnae areclosely set, touching each other laterally,
and arise alternately at an angle of about
50 degrees, then bending outwards andtypically at intervals of about 4 cm at the
middle of leaf. Pinnae are long andnarrow, about 15 cm long at the middleof leaf and 3.5-4 cm wide near the pinnabase, narrowing gradually towards theacuminate apex (PI. 56, Fig. 1).
Sterile pinnules are arranged katadromically, arising at an angle of 75 degrees
on the lower part of leaf, but the angle
reducing upwards. Sterile pinnules differ
in form in different leaves or in different
positions of leaf, and are typically oblong
with pointed apex, often- falcate. The
margins are dentate. Typical size ofsterile pinnules is 1.7 cm long (range noted
0.8-2.5 cm, except those on the apicalpart of leaf or pinnae) and 0.6 cm wide(range noted 0.4-1.0 cm). The midrib isdistinct, persisting to the tip and sending
off 11-14 pairs (range noted 11-17) of
branch veins forking once. The first pairor first basiscopic one is rarely forking
twice.
In fertile leaves, pinnules are set rather
remotely, arising nearly perpendicularly
and are oblong in form with rounded
apex, often falcate, but those on theapical part of pinnae are semi-circular(PI. 54, Fig. 2). Typical size of oblong
pinnules is 1.3 cm long and 3.5 mm wide.
The margins are crenulated and the724.

Early Jurassic plants

midrib is distinct, persisting near the tip,
sending off 6-7 pairs of branch veins
which are simple or forked once.
Sporangia are rather large, 400 pm indiameter, ovoid and whole apical third ofwall is composed of thickened cells, bornein a single file along each veins (Textfig. 2e). Spores are not known.
In about half the fertile specimens, theupper surface of pinnules is strongly
marked by the transverse waves (PI. 54,
fig. 3; PI. 56, fig. 2; Text-fig. 2f) as shown
by HALLE (1911), WALTON (1923) andHARRIS (1961, text-figs. 27A, B, D).
Distribution and occurrence. - Todites
dr. denticulatus is abundant in the Negoya
Formation (Neiridani, Higashi-Neiridani,
Nishi-Neiridani, Negoyadani, Kawagurodani) and Tsuchizawa of the Kuruma
Group and Iwamuro Formation, but israre in the Shinadani Formation (Shinadaniand Tobiiwadani).
Todites dr. denticulatus may also occur
from to the Upper Triassic plant-beds inJapan.
Discussion and comparison.-Our specimens resemble closely those described by
HARRIS (1961) from the Middle Jurassicof Yokshire, but somewhat differ in someminor points from the Yorkshire specimens. Differences are: In our specimens, typical size of sterile pinnules is
1.7 cm long but that of Yorkshire specimens is 2.5-3 cm long. In our specimens
the triangular basal pinnules as shown
by HARRIS (1961, text-fig. 26A, B) havenot been found. No cellular pits covering
the upper surface of pinnules as seen in
the Yorkshire specimens, have been
observed in our specimens.
Thus we hesitate the full identity of
our specimens to Todites denticulatus.
From Japan many sterile leaves havebeen described under the name of
Cladophlebis denticulata as follows:

455

Y ABE, 1922, p. 9, pI. 2, fig. 1; text-fig. 7(Upper Triassic? Shitaka Group); pI. 2,
fig. 2 (Lower Jurassic Toyora Group ?).
OISHI, 1931, p. 233, pI. 1, fig. 5, 5a (Tsuchizawa, Kuruma Group); 1932, p. 288, pI.
11, figs. 3-7 (Noric Nariwa Group) ; 1940,
p. 256, pl. 48, fig. 1 (Lower Cretaceous
Oguchi Formation).
OISHI & TAKAHASHI, 1936, p. 118, pI. 1, fig.
2 (Carnic Yamanoi Formation).
KllvIURA, 1959a, p. 13, pI. 3, fig. 4; pl. 4, figs.
3, 6; pI. 5, fig. 1; pI; 12, fig. 10; textfig. 8 (Iwamuro Formation) ; 1959b, p. 68,
pI. 1, fig. 4 (Kotaki Coal-Field, Kuruma
Group) ; 1975, p. 78, pI. 5, fig. 11; pI. 6,
fig. 5; figs. 4-5a, b (regarded as C. ex gr.
denticulata; Lower Cretaceous formations
in Fukui Prefecture).
KIl\WRA & KANSHA, 1978, p. 111, pI. 4, fig.
2; text-fig. 4 (regarded as C. ex gr.
denticulata; Lower Cretaceous of SWJapan) .

Among them the specimens excluding
the Lower Cretaceous ones, are externallyindistinguishable from our sterile leaves,although most of pinnules, except ones
from the Nariwa Group and the Yatrlanoi
F ormation, appear to be entire. j The
Lower Cretaceous pinnules are generally
far smaller in size and with entire
margins.
As previously mentioned (KIMURA &OHANA, 1980), the fertile pinnules fromthe Carnic Momonoki Formation, regarded
by TAKAHASHI (1950, figs. 3-5) as Todites
recurvatus, are referable to Todites dr.
denticulatus.
Fragments of sterile leaves of Todites
dr. denticulatus may be indistinguishable
from those of T. fastuosus.
Todites fastuosus (KIMURA) KIMURA
and TSUJII comb. nov.
PI. 54, Figs. 4-6; PI. 55, fig. 5;
PI. 56, Figs. 3-4; Text-figs. 3a-h

Tats'uaki KIMURA and Masanori TsuJI!

456
2cm

[
2c

2b

3a

2cm

L-_~-----J'724.

Early Jurassic plants

Cladophlebis fastuosa KI~vIURA :KI~IURA,
1959a, p. 15, pI. 3, figs. 1-3; pI. 4, figs. 2,
10; pI. 5, fig. 5; pI. 12, fig. 11; Text-fig.
9 (lwamuro).
Cladophlebis haiburnensis (LI~DLEY & HUTTON)
BRO'iGNIART: KlI'vIURA, 1959a, p. 16, pI.
4, fig. 8; pI. 6, figs. 3, 5, 7, text-fig. 10(lwamuro) .
Material: Lectotype; A-0468 (lwamuro).
Paralectotypes; l\':\,W -556 (fertile pinna), 486(Nishi-Neiridani), A-1013 (lwamuro), NEG-078(Negoyadani). NE-003 and other 11 specimens (:\'eiridani), NEE-001 and other 34
specimens (Higashi-Neiridani), NNW -020 andother 51 specimens (Nishi-Neiridani), A-032
and other 120 specimens (Iwamuro). Besides
the above 23 specimens were obtained from
Negoyadani, Dairagawa, Kawagurodani, Sasakomata, Shinadani, Tobiiwadani, Tsuchizawa
and Kotaki Coal-Field. Locus typicus: lwamuro, Shirasawa-mura, Tone-gun, Gumma
Prefecture. Stratum typicum: Lower Jurassic
Iwamuro Formation. Derivatio nominis: This
species was first named on the basis of very
finely preserved (fastuous) specimens fromthe Iwamuro Formation.

Diagnosis.-Frond bipinnate_ (Wholeleaf unknown.) Probably wholly fertileof wholly sterile. Rachis considerably
thick, 0.5 cm wide, with longitudinal finestriations on its surface. Pinnae arisingalternately at an angle of 35-40 degrees.
2.6-2.8 cm distant at the middle of leaf.
Pinna rachis up to 2 mm wide, widest at457base. Pinna as a whole almost uniformly
wide up to near its acutely pointed apex.
Pinnules katadromic in order, differing indifferent leaves, set closely, often overlapping, typically triangular or elongatetriangular, apex often falcate or curved
forwards, typically arising at 50-60
degrees to the pinna rachis, apex pointed.
Typical size of pinnules 1.5 cm long and
0.8 cm wide at base; basal basiscopic
margin usually contracted and basal
acroscopic margin expanded. The firstbasiscopic pinnule arising at the base of
pinna rachis; smaller in size and deltoid
in form; sometimes no pinnule opposite
this but first acroscopic pinnule opposite
second basiscopic one. Pinnule margins
finely dentate. midrib distinct, arising at
the point close to basiscopic margin ofpinnule, persisting to the tip, sending off
7-15 pairs of branch veins. but 4-6 pairson the apical small pinnules. In large
pinnules, the first branch vein forking
thrice, basal 3-5 pairs forking twice andothers forking once.
In medium-sizedpinnules, basal 1-2 pairs of branch veinsforking twice and others forking once.
In small-sized pinnules they forking once.
The branch veins on the acroscopic side
longer than those on the basiscopic sideand usually parallel to the pinna rachis.
Fertile pinnules similar in all features
to sterile ones but smaller in size, with

Text-figs. 2a-f. Todites cfr. denticulatus (BRONG'iIART) KRASSER
2 a. A part of sterile frond with typical pinnules; the first basiscopic pinnule is not specialized;
surface view; drawn from NNW -411 (PI. 55, Fig. 4) (Nishi-Neiridani).
2 b. An anterior part of sterile frond; back-side view. :\,EG-023 (:\'egoya).
2 c. A part of sterile pinna; back-side view. NNW -076 (:\'ishi-Neiridani).
2 d. Ditto. NNW -684 (Nishi-Neiridani).
2 e. A part of fertile frond with thick rachis; from NE-098 (PI. 56, Fig. 2) (Neiridani).
2 f. A fertile pinnule; surface view; its upper surface is strongly marked by the transverse
waves; drawn from NE-097 (Neiridani).
Text-figs. 3a-b. Todites fastuosus (KI~Il!RA) KnlcRA and TSL'J II comb. nov.
3 a. A part of sterile frond; the first acroscopic pinnule is lacking in each pinna; surface view.
NNW-464 (Nishi-Neiridani).
3 b. A part of sterile frond with small-sized pinnules; surface view. NNW -040 (Nishi-Neiridani).

458

Tats'Lwki KIMURA and Masano?"i TSUjIITe x t ·fi g s . 3c·h. T odites jastuosltS (KI MURA) KI MU RA and T SU JII comb. nov .
3 c. A part of ste ril e pinna w ith t ypical pinnules; back·side view ; dra w n from th e lectot ype,
A·0468 ([wamuro) (PI. 54, Fig. 4) .
3 d . A part of steri le frond w ith thick rachi s ; back·side vi ew; marg ins of pinnules w ere rolled
do w n . NNW ·486 (N ishi· Neirida ni ) .
3 e. An ante rior part of ste rile frond; back ·side view; dra w n from th e paralectot ype , NEG ·078
(Negoya) .
3 f. Apica l pa rt of s t eril ;! pinna; margin s of pinnules wer e rolled down. NN W ·585 (N ishi·
Neiridani) .
3 g. Ditto; margins of pinnules were ro lled down . NN W ·538 (N ishi·Neirida ni ) .
3 h. A part of fertile pinna; marg ins of pinnules we re rolled down; dra w n from the paralecto·t ype, NN W·556 (PI. 54, Fig . 6) ( ishi· Ne iridani ) .

5-9 pairs of branch veins fork in g once or
twice. Sporangia borne in a single filealong both sides of each vein. Sporangia
small, 0.1-0.15 mm in diameter. (Detail ofsporangium and spore not known.)
Distribution and OCCU1Tence. - Veryabundant in the Iwamuro Formation and
the Negoya Formation (Kuruma Group),
but rather rare in the Shinadani Formation(Kuru rna Group). This species possibly
occurs also from the Upper Triassic fo r mations in Japan.
Discussion and comparison.- One of us(KI MU RA) fi rst described Cladophlebis
f as tuosa from the Iwamuro Formation in
1959. Afterwards we had thought thatthe diagnosis of this species should be

emended on the bas is of further specimens
obtained from the Iwamuro Formationand the Kuruma Group.
Now it isapparent that the y belong to T odites(C lado/heca g roup), becau se recently wefound several fertile pinna fra g ments in
our collection.
T odi tes fas tuosus is characteri zed by its
medium-sized trian g ular pinnules withfinel y dentate marg ins and w ith thrice
forkin g branch veins in part.
T odi tes f astuosus differs from T. den ticu latus (BRONGNIART), although some
pinnules resemble in form and venation
those figured by HARRI S as T. denticula tu s,such as his fi gs. 25F and 26B (1961).
Main differences are: In T. jas tuosus the724.

Early Jurassic plants

fertile pinnules are similar in form andvenation to sterile ones, while in T.
denticulatus the fertile pinnules are
oblong, with bluntly pointed apex andmostly with simple branch veins. Moreover in sterile pinnules of T. fastuosus,
branch veins are thrice to once forking,while in T. denticulatus, they are mostly
once forking.
Todites fastuosus is distinguished fromT. dr.
denticulatus here described
together by its fertile pinnules and thevenation of sterile pinnules. In T. dr.
denticulatus, branch veins of sterilepinnules are always forking once and thefertile pinnules differ in form from sterileones.
The sterile pinnules of the Greenlandspecies, Todites hartzi HARRIS resemble
in form and venation those of T. fastuosus,
but the fertile pinnules differ in form
from each other.
Several sterile pinna fragments describedby KIMURA (1 959a) as Cladophlebis
haiburnensis belong to Todites fastuosus.
Cladophlebis tenue originally described by
OISHI & HUZIOKA (1938, p. 74, text-fig.
la-b) based on a single sterile leaffragment, resemble Todites fastuosus inthat its midribs are usually close to thebasiscopic base of pinnule.
Small sterile fragments of Todites
fastuosus may be impossible to distinguishfrom those of other Cladophlebis species.
Todites neiridaniensis KIMURA and

TSUJII sp. nov.
PI. 55, Figs. 6-7; PI. 56, Fig. 5;
Text-figs. 4a-d
Todites goepp2rtianus (MCE"STER) KRASSER:OISHI, 1940, p. 194 (pars), pI. 3, fig. 1, 1a(Neiridani) .
Material: Holotype; NEE-llO. Para types;
NEE-020, 100, 314 (Higashi-Neiridani), NNW·

459

222, 729 (;\'ishi-Neiridani), A-005 (Iwamuro).
NEE-022 and other 10 specimens, NNW -328
and other 12 specimens, NE-105 and other 1
specimen (Neiridani), NEG-036 and other 2
specimens (Negoyadani). Locus typicus: The
Higashi-Neiridani, a branch of the Dairagawa,Asahi-machi,
Shimo-Niikawa-gun,ToyamaPrefecture. Stratum typicum: Negoya Formation of Kuruma Group. Derivatio nominis:
This species is named after the Neiridani
where the holotype was collected.

Diagnosis.-Leaves wholly sterile orwholly fertile, bipinnate (but whole leaf
not known). Rachis thick, up to 9 mm
wide, grooved above, rounded below.
Pinnae arising alternately at an angle of
45-50 degrees, 1.7-2 cm distant, flexuous.
Pinna rachis up to 2 mm wide, widenedat base, channelled above. Pinna as awhole almost uniformly wide up to near
its apex. Both sterile and fertile pinnules
katadromic in order, differing in different
leaves, set closely, often overlapping,
ovoid, semi-circular or oblong in form,
often curved forwards, commonly arising
at right angles to the pinna rachis. The
first pinnule always borne near the mainrachis but not specialized. Typical sterilepinnules 5 mm long and 5 mm wide, basal
margin often contracted, upper (acroscopic)
margin often slightly expanded at pinnarachis; lateral margins entire, apex broadly
rounded. Venation neuropterid. Midrib
arising from the middle of pinnule base,distinct in its basal half. Branch veins
irregularly forked. Typically first basiscopic branch veins arsing from the baseof midrib or from the pinna rachis, forked
3-4 times, the first acroscopic branchveins and next two pairs forked twice,
the rest once or simple. Branch veins on
the acroscopic side arising from the
midrib at a wide angle but those on thebasiscopic side usually directed forwards.
Fertile pinnules similar in size, form
and venation to sterile ones. Sporangia

460

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Masanori TSUJII

usually covering whole under surface
apart from the marginal zone, borne in asingle file along each vein. Sporangia
ovoid, whole apical third of wall composed of thickened cells, 200-250 pm indiameter. (Spore unknown.)
Distribution and occurrence. - Todites
neiridaniensis is locally abundant in the
Negoya Formation (Kuruma Group). A
single specimen was obtained from the
Iwamuro Formation.
Discussion and comparison. - Todites
nei ridaniensis is characterized by its closely
set pinnules with broadly rounded apex
and entire margins, and its sporangia
covering whole under surface except themarginal zone of pinnule.
Todites neiridaniensis belongs to the T.
williamsoni-goeppertianus group becauseof its neuropterid venation. Todites neiridaniensis is distinguished as follows fromthe European species, T. williamsoni(BRONGNIART) SEWARD to which detailed
emended diagnosis was given by HARRIS(1961). In T. williamsoni, sterile pinnules
are, according to HARRIS, usually larger
in size, with acutely pointed apex andlobed margins in larger pinnules ordentate near the apex in exceptional
cases, instead of smaller pinnules withbroadly rounded apex and entire margins
in T. neiridaniensis. In T. williamsoni,

fertile pinnules are usually smaller in size
than sterile ones, but both are similar insize and form in T. neiridaniensis. In
T. williamsoni, sporangia cover whole
under surface, but not on the marginalzone in T. nei ridaniensis.
Todites neiridaniensis is also distinguished from the European RhaetoLiassic species, T. goeppertianus (MUENSTER) KRASSER.
In T. goeppertianus,
fertile pinnules are more elongated, typically 7 mm long and 4 mm wide (HARRIS,
1931) and sterile ones are also moreelongated and larger in size, typically
10 mm long and 5 mm wide, than thoseof ours. In T. goeppertianus, most offertile pinnules are, according to theillustrations made by HARTZ (1896) andHARRIS (1931), about 1 mm narrower near
the base than at the middle. Such coarctated pinnules have not been found in
T. neiridaniensis. Moreover, in T. goeppertianus, the sterile pinnules at the topof leaf and near the distal ends of pinnae,
are pointed at apex, but such apices havenot been found in T. neiridaniensis.
Both sterile and fertile leaves describedby ZEILLER (1903) from the Upper Triassicof North Viet-Nam as Cladophlebis (Todea)
roesserti, is also distinguished from T.
neiridaniensis by having more elongatedsterile pinnules and the fertile pinnules

Explanation of Plate 54
Fig. 1. Marattia asiatica (KA\\'ASAKI)HARRIS
Apical part of fertile pinna. NEE·I33 (Higashi Neiridani).
Figs. 2,3. Todites cfr. denticulatus (BRONGNIART) HARRIS
2. Fertile frond with small·sized and semi·circular pinnules. NE·091 (Neiridani).
3. Fertile frond with oblong pinnules of which upper surface is transversely waved. NE-093(Neiridani) .
Figs. 4-6. Todites fastuosus (KI:VIURA) KIMURA and TSUJ II comb. nov.
4. A part of sterile frond; pinnules with thrice to once forking branch veins (see Textfig.3c). A-0468 (lectotype), collected by N. SASAKI.
5. Apical part of pinna. A-I026 (Iwamuro).
6. Fertile pinna fragment (see Text-fig. 3h). NNW -556 (paralectotype) (Nishi-Neiridani).

KIMURA and TsuJIJ:

EaTly JU1"C£ssic Plants

Plate 54

724.

Early J~~mssiG plants]

the pinnule apices are missing.
OISHI's spec imens from the Noric
Nariwa Gro up regarded by him (1932)
first as Todites roesserti ZEILLER and later(1940) as T. go eppertianus, are distinguishedfrom those of T. neiridaniensis by having
more e longated sterile pinnules.
OISH I (1932, 1940) referred YOKOY AlVIA 's
A splenium whitbiensis BRONGNIART from
Ozo of the Lower Cretaceous Oguchi
For mation to Todites williamsoni. But inour oplDIOn, YOKOY AlVIA'S sterile leaves(1889, p. 31, pI. 3, fig. 3 ; pI. 10, figs. 1, 2a)
are indeterm in ab le, because their venationis unknown.
OISH I (1940) referred K AWASAKI'S
Cladophlebis (T odi tes) williamsoni BRONGNIART forma whitbiensis (1925, p. 21, pI.
4, fig. 13) and C. (To dites) williamsoni
BRONGKIART (1925, p. 24, pI. 36, fig . 101 )from the Daedong Group of Korea, to T.
williamsoni. But as recentl y mentioned
by KIlVIUI( A and OH ANA (1980), these
KAWASAK I'S specimens do not belong to
T. willial'l'lsoni because of their pecopterid

To dites neiridan iensis
4a - d.
and T SU JI! sp. nov.
4 a. A part of fert ile fro nd w ith thick
rac his; back -side v iew; dr aw n fromthe holo type, N EE -110 (Higashi -Ne iri dan i) .
show in gthevenat ion of
4 b. Ditto;
pinnules; back -s ide view ; dra w n fromthe paraty pe, NNW -729 (N ishi- Neiri dani) .
4 c. A part of ste ril e pinna; showing theve nationofpinnules .
NEE -020(l-ligashi- Ne iridani ) .
4d. A part of fertile pinna ; showing thed ist ribution of sporangia; dra w n fromthe parat y pe, NNW -222 (PI. 56, fig. 5)(N is hi -Ne iridani) .
1lij)jJonica
Text-fi g .
5.
OS?1lu ndojJsis
KI ~'iU R A and T SU JII sp . nov .
A part of fertile frond; drawn f rom theholotype, NE -021 (N eirid an i) .
T ext -fi gs .

J(I ~I U R A

1cm

4b

]

often coarctated. ZE ILLER'S species appears
to be much close to To dites go epp el~ lianus,
as formerly pointed out by HARRIS (1931 )and OISHI (1940).
OI SHI (1940) described a pinna fragmentwith six pairs of fertile pinnules as Todites
goejJpertianus from the same lo cal ity as
ours. It is possibly referable to T. neiridani ensis, but cannot be determined because

461

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Masanori TsuJI!

462

venation, but are indistinguishable fromT. yamanoiensis (YOKOY AMA) KIMURA
and OHANA.
KAWASAKI'S Cladophlebis williamsoni
BRONGNIART cfr. var. tenuicaulis THOMAS(1926, p. 26, pI. 7, fig. 21) also from theDaedong Group, is close to Todites

yamanoiensis.
Thus, there is no specimen safely
identified with Todites williamsoni inJapan and Korea.
Genus Osmundopsis HARRIS, 1931: 136

Osmundopsis nipponica KIMURA and
TSUJII sp. nov.
PI. 55, Fig. 8; Text-fig. 5
Material: Holotype; NE-021 (Neiridani).
Paratypes; NE-025, 066, 121. Locus typicus:
The Neiridani, a branch of the Dairagawa,ToyamaAsahi-machi,
Shimo-Niikawa-gun,Prefecture. Stratum typicum: Negoya Formation of Kuruma Group. Derivatio nominis:
This species is named after Nippon meaning
Japan in Japanese.

Diagnosis.-Fertile leaves with a smooth,comparatively thick rachis, 3.5 mm wide,channelled above, alternately bearing slender primary branches at a wide angle and atintervals of 0.7 -1.1 cm ; secondary branches
katadromic in order, crowded, 1.5 mm
distant, typically 7.5-8 mm long, touchingor overlapping each other laterally,
attached at right angles to the primarybranch. Tertiary branches minute or
suppressed, but covered with sporangia.
Sporangia crowded, pyriform or obovate,
about 400 {-lm in diameter measured on
impression. Cells of whole apical region
thickened. (Whole leaf, spores and sterile
leaf unknown.)
Distribution and occurrence. - This
species is only known from the Neiridaniof the Negoya Formation (rather rare).
Discussion and compa rison. - The present
fertile leaves agree fully with the emended
diagnosis of Osmundopsis given by HARRIS(1961), although no sterile leaf has beenfound in our collection.
Osmundopsis nipponica resembles O. sturi(RACIBORSKI) HARRIS known from theLower Jurassic of Poland (RACIBORSKI,
1894) and the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire(HARRIS, 1961), but so far as RACIBORSKI'S
illustrations are concerned, it is somewhat

Explanation of Plate 55
Figs. 1-3. Marattia asiatica (KAWASAKI) HARRIS
1. A pinna fragment with longer synangia; the ratio of synangial length to width of lamina
is 1/4.6. NNW -415 (Nishi-Neiridani).
2. A pinna fragment with shorter synangia; the ratio of synangial length to width oflamina is 1/8. NNW -816 (Nishi-Neiridani).
3. A pinna fragment with longer synangia; the ratio of synangial length to width of lamina
is 1/5.2. A-0494 (see Text-fig. If) ([wamuro).
Fig. 4. Todites cfr. denticulatus (BRONGNIART) KRASSER. A part of sterile frond with typicalpinnules. NNW -411 (see Text-fig. 2a) (Nishi-Neiridani).
Fig. 5. Todites jastuosus (KIMURA) KIMURA and TSUJ II comb. nov. Apical part of sterile frond.
A-060 (para lectotype) (Iwamuro), collected by N. SASAKI.
Figs. 6,7. Todites neiridaniensis KIMURA and Tsu]lI sp. nov.
6. A part of holotype (see Text-fig. 4a). NEE-1l0 (Higashi-Neiridani).
7. A part of fertile pinna. NEE-100 (Higashi-Neiridani).
Fig. 8. Osmundopsis nipponica KIl'.WRA and TSUJII sp. nov. A part of fertile frond. NE-025(paratype) (Neiridani).

KIMURA and TSUflI:

Early JUrassic Plants
Plate 55

724.

Early Jurassic plants

different from O. sturi in that our secondary branches are less elongated and very
crowed, and our sporangia are rather
smaller in size, instead of more longer
and remotely set secondary branches,and more or less larger sporangia in O.
sturi. Our main rachis is thicker thanthat of O. sturi.
Osmundopsis plectropl1Ora HARRIS known
from the Liassic of Greenland (HARRIS,
1931) and O. cfr. plectrophora from the
Liassic of North Iran (KILPPER, 1964), aredistinguished from O. nipponica by theirlonger tertiary branches and large-sized
spherical sporangia (600 pm in diameter)in clusters.
KIMURA (1975) described two fertile andseveral sterile leaf-fragments as Osmundopsis ? sp. from the equivalent of Lower
Cretaceous Kitadani Formation in the
Inner Zone of Central Japan. The fertile
leaves of O. ? sp. are safely distinguishedfrom those of O. nipponica by its fairly
shorter and remotely set secondarybranches.
Repository.-All specimens here described are kept in the Department of
Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Tokyo
Gakugei University.
References
BARTHOLIN, C. T. (1892): Nogle i den born·
holmskeJuraformation
forekommende
Planteforsteninger. Bot. Tidsskr., Bd. 18,
p. 12-28, pIs. 5-12.
CHANG, C. C. (1976): Palaeontological At/asof North China.
Volume of Inner
Mongolia, Part 2. Division of plants. p.
179-213, pIs. 86-120. Di·Zhi·Chu·Ban·She,
Peking (in Chinese).
FENG, S. N., ME:\G, F. S., CHE", G. X., XI,
Y. H., ZIIA"G, C. F. and LIU, Y. A. (1977) :Palaeontological Atlas of Middle.South
China. Part 3: Mesozoic·Cenozoic. p.
195-262, pIs. 7u-107 (Fossil plants). Ibid.
(in Chinese).

463

HALLE, T. G. (1911): On the fructificationsof the Jurassic fern·leaves of the Clado.
phlebis denticulata·type.
Ark.
Bot.
(Uppsala), Bd. 10, no. 15, p. 1-10, pIs. 1,
2.
HARRIS, T. M. (1931): The fossil flora of
Scoresby Sound East Greenland. Medd.
0111 Crpnland, Bd. 85, nr. 2, p. 1-104, pIs.
1-18.
- - (1937): Ditto. Part 5: Stratigraphic
relations of the plant beds. Ibid., Bd.
112, nr. 2, p. 1-114, pI. 1, 3 tabs.
- - (1961): The }·orshire Jurassic flora. I.
Thallophyta.Pteridophyta. ix + 212p. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.).
HARTZ, N. (1896): Plateforsteninger fra Cap
Stewart i Ostgr¢nland. Medd. 0111 Crpn.
land, Bd. 19, p. 217-247, pIs. 6-19.
HsU, J., ZIIU, J. N., CHEi', Y., DUAN, S. Y.,
Hu, Y. F. and ZIm, W. Q. (1979): Late
Triassic Baoding flora of China. 130 p.,
75 pIs. Ke·Xue·Chu·Ban-She, Peking (inChinese) .
KAWASAKI, S. (1925): Some older Mesozoic
plants in Korea. Bull. Ceol. Surv. Chosen(Korea), vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 1-71, pIs. 1-47.
- - (1926): Addition to the older Mesozoic
plants in Korea.
Ibid., pt. 2, p. 1-35,
pIs. 1-1I.
- - (1939): Second addition to the older
Mesozoic plants in Korea. Ibid., pt. 3, p.
1-69, pIs. 1-16.
KILPPER, K. (1964): Uber eine rat/lias Flora
aus dem nord lichen Abfall des Albus·
Gebirges in Nordiran. Teil 1: Bryophyta
und Pteridophyta. Palaeontographica, Abl.
B, Bd. 114, p. 1-76, pIs. 1-15.
KI~ICRA, T. (1959a):
Mesozoic plants fromthe Iwamuro Formation (Liassic), Tone·gun, Gumma Prefecture, Japan.
Bull.
Sen. High Sch., Tokyo Univ. Educ., no.
3, p. 1-59, incl. pIs. 1-12.
- - (1959b):
Mesozoic plants from the
Kotaki Coal·Field, the Kuruma Group,
Central Honshu, Japan. Ibid., p. 61-83,
incl. pIs. 1-2.
- - (1975):
Middle·late early Cretaceous
plants newly found from the upper courseof the Kuzuryu River area, Fukui Pre·
fecture, Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeonl.

464

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Masanori TsuJI!

Soc. japan, n. s., no. 98, p. 55-93, pIs.
5-8.
KIMURA, T. and KANSHA, Y. (1978): Early
Cretaceous plants from the Yuasa District
and the Aridagawa Valley, Wakayama
Prefecture, in the Outer Zone of Japan.
Part 1. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo,
ser. C, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 99-116, pIs. 1-4.
KI:VIURA, T. and OHANA, T. (1980) : Some fossil
ferns from the Middle Carnic Momonoki
Formation, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.
Ibid, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 73-92, pIs. 1-6.
KI~v1URA, T. and TSUJII, M. (1980):
Early
Jurassic plants in Japan. Part 1. Trans.
Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, n. s., no. 119,
p. 339-358, pIs. 38-40.
LU"DBLAD, A. B. (1950): Studies in the
Rhaetic-Liassic floras of Sweden. I. Pteridophyta, Pteridospermae, and Cycadophytafrom the Mining District of NW -Scania.
K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., N. S., Bd.
1, no. 8, p. 1-82, pIs. 1-13.
OISHI, S. (1931): Mesozoic plants from KitaOtari, Provo Shinano, Japan. journ. Fac.
Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., ser. 4, vol. 1,
no. 2, p. 223-255, pIs. 16-18.
- - (1932): The Rhaetic plants from the
Nariwa District, Prov. Bitchu (Okayama
Prefecture), Japan. Ibid., ser. 4, vol. 1,
nos. 3-4, p. 257-380, pIs. 19-53.
- - (1940): The Mesozoic floras of Japan.
Ibid., ser. 4 vol. 5, nos. 2-4, p. 123-480,
pIs. 1-48.
OISI-II, S. and HUZIOKA, K. (1938) : Fossil plantsfrom Nariwa. A supplement. Ibid., ser.
4 vol. 4, nos. 1-2, p. 69-101, pIs. 7-12.

OISHI, S. and T AKAIIASHI, E. (1936): The
Rhaetic plants from Province Nagata. A
supplement. Ibid., ser. 4, vol. 3, no. 2, p.
113-133, pI. 10.
RACI130RSKI, M. (1894):
Flora Kopalna
ogniotrwalych glinek Krakowskich. Czesc
1. Rodniowce (Archaegoniatae) . Pam.
mat.-przyr. Akad. Um., Krakow, t. 18, p.
143-243, pIs. 6-27.
SZE, H. C. and HsO, J. (1954): The standard
fossils in China (Plants). 99 p., 69 pIs.
Di-Zhi-Chu-Ban-She, Peking (in Chinese).
T AKAIIASHI, E. (1950):
Two species ofTodites from the Triassic Mine Series,
Provo Nagata (Yamaguchi Prefecture).
joun!. Ceol_ Soc. japan, vol. 58, no. 660,
p. 439-440.
WALTON, J. (1923): On a new method ofinvestigating fossil plant impressions or
incrustations. Ann. Bot., vol. 37, no. 147,
p. 379-390, pI. 9.
YABE, H. (1922): Notes on some Mesozoic
plants from Japan, Korea and China, inthe collection of the Institute of Geology
and Palaeontology of the Tohoku Imperial
University. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ.,
ser. 2 vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1-28, pIs. 1-4.
YA;>;G, X. H. (1978): Palaeontological Atlasof Southwest China. 'Volume of Sichuan,Part 2. Division of plants. p. 469-684,
pIs. 155-190. Di-Zhi-Chu-Ban-She, Peking(in Chinese).
YOKOYAMA, M. (1889): Jurassic plants from
Kaga, Hida, and Echizen. Journ. Coli.
Sci., Imp. Univ. japan, vol. 3, pt. 1, p.
1-66, pIs. 1-14.

Explanation of Plate 56
Figs. 1,2. Todites cfr. denticulatus (BRONGNIART) KRASSER
1. A part of sterile frond with typical pinnules. NNW-076 (Nishi-Neiridani).
2. A part of fertile frond with oblong pinnules of which upper surface is transversely
waved. NE-098 (Neiridani)_
Figs. 3-4. Todites fastuosus (KI:VIURA) KI:VIURA and TSUJII comb. nov.
3. A part of sterile frond with thick rachis. NE-029 (Neiridani).
4. A part of sterile pinna, showing typical pinnules. A-2008 (Iwamuro).
Fig. 5. Todites neiridaniensis KIMURA and TSUJII sp. nov. A part of fertile pinna, showing
sporangia on the lower surface of pinnules, except their marginal zones. NNW -222 (NishiNeiridani) .

KIMURAand 1'SUjII:

Early Jumssic Plants

Plate 56

72.4.

Early Jumssic Plants

ZEILLER, R. (1903): Flore Fossile des Gites
de Charbon du Tonkin. viii+328 p., 56465

pis. (Etud. Gites min. Fr.) Paris.

Asahi-machi lj!)J E my,
Daedong ::k1liJ,
Dairagawa ::k.:ifJli,
Fukui ml:tf:,
Higashi-Neiridani];JnlA~,
Hubei WJ~t,
Iwamuro :!ff~,
Kawagurodani JIi~~,
Kitadani ~t~,
Kotakil}i'I[,
Kuruma *,~,
Momonoki Mi /Nariwa Ji\i:jf],
Negoya 1J;J.J1E~,
Neimung
I"J~,
Neiridani :mA~,
Nishi-Neiridani j!!j$lA~,
Oguchi ~ P ,Ozo ~~,
Sasakomata t£E/N~,
Shiguai Em,
Shimo-Niikawa-gun r~Jllm,
Shinadani tJl,~,
ShitakaiGj\!ij,
Sichuan IBJIi,
Tobiiwadani m:!ff~,
Toyora :arm,
Tsuchizawa ±iR,
Xiangxi~~,
Yamanoi U-l!!f:tf:,
Yipinglang -.:if~,
Yunnan ~lW*,

E *(7)fJJJWi/.::L:7 *cllili:!ffr.J1tE • .:t(7) 2 : *,~JlM:t-o J: (f:!ff~~~iH), ~~(7)5eJU:: ~ <(7)Jt*4 C ~ t C ~;:: L. -C, f) ~ ? u'( A, t.: \, 'f;!-:t-o J: (f-lt A,"i H4~;::~i"";o "? ~ (7) ~ 3f1tE~&tt L.

t.:.
Marattia asiatica (KAIV ASAKI) HARRIS (I) ~? u>:A,t.:\' ,f;!-) , Todites dr. denticulatus (BRONGNIART) KRAssER, T. fastuosus (KIMURA) KIi\'IURA and TSUJll comb.
nov., T. neiridaniensis KIMURA and TSUJll sp. nov. :t-o J: (f Osmundopsis nipponica
KIMURA and TSUJIl sp_ nov. (J;,tl:-ltA,"i\,'f;!-). 1:).1:(7) Todites fi(7)? i?, T. dr. denticulatus :t-o J: (f T. fastuosus 11 Cladotheca group I::, T. neiridaniensis 11 T_ williamsoni-goeppertianus group I;::~i"";o.
*t1:!t1JfJ • a:tf:IEJ!uTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N.S., No. 120, p. 466, December 30, 1980

SHORT NOTES

19.

VENERICARDIA (CYCLOCARDIA) TA KED AI, NEW NAMEFOR VENERICARDIA (CYCLOCARDIA) ELLIPTICA
TAKEDA, 1953 (PREOCCUPIED) *YUT AKA HONDA
Department of Earth Science, Mie University,
Kamihama, Tsu 514

Venericardia (Cyclocardia) elliptica TAKEDA. The author wishes to thank Dr. Alan
G. BEU, New Zealand Geological Survey
for reading the manuscript.

During the course of a study ofmolluscan fossils from the Urahoro andOmbetsu Groups in the Kushiro coal field,
eastern Hokkaido, it was realized that
Venericardia (Cyclocardia) elliptica TAKEDA (1953, p. 80, pI. 8, figs. 13, 18; pI. 11,
figs. 7-12, 14-23; pI. 12, figs. 6, 20, 24),
originally described from the Poronai Formation of central Hokkaido, and theOmbetsu Group, is preoccupied by
Venerica rdia elliptica DOUVILLE (1928, p.
21, pI. 4, figs. 26-33) from the Cardita
beaumonti Bed (Paleocene) of India. V.
elliptica DOUVILLE was brought toJapanese paleontologists' attention by
MIZUNO (1964), but the invalidity of V.
elliptica TAKEDA has not been noted
previously. The new name Venericardia(Cyclocaradia) takedai is proposed for

Referencesa

DOUVILLE, H., 1928. Les couches
Carditabeaumonti. Palaeontologia Indica, N. S.,
vol. 10, Mem. no. 3, Fasc. 1, p. 1-25, pIs.
1-4.
MIZUNO, A., 1964. Paleogene and early
Neogene molluscan faunae in West Japan.
Rep. Ceol. Surv. Japan, no. 204, p. 1-72.
TAKEDA, H., 1953. The Poronai Formation(Oligocene Tertiary) of Hokkaido andSouth Sakhalin and its fossil fauna. Stud.
Coal Ceol., no. 3, p. i-iv, 1-45 (injapanese) ; p. i-iii, 1-103 (in English) ; pIs.
1-13: Ceol. Sec., Hokkaido Assoc. Ccal.
Min. Tech., Sapporo, japan.

* Received October 14, 1980

466

467

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICALSOCIETY OF JAPAN

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Note on Pravitoceras sigmoidale YABE, a
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MATSUMOTO, T., BANDO, Y., MOROIZI;MI,Y., HASHIMOTO, H. and MATSUOKA, A.
A new Thracia from the Shitakara Formationof the Urahoro Group, Kushiro coal field,
eastern Hokkaido ................ HONDA, Y.
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.............. KI:VIURA, T. and TSUJI!, M.
Early Cretaceous plants from the Todai Formation, Nagano Prefecture, in the Outer
Zone of Japan •.. KIMURA, T. and AlBA, H.
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SYSTEMATIC INDEX(New Series No. 113-No. 120)

PALAEOZOOLOGY
ProtozoaPage
Y AMAGIWA, Nobuo and RA"'GEL, Z. Cesar: Some interesting fossils from the Upper Paleozoic
in Chaparra area, southwest Peru ...................................................... 135
YOSHIDA, Saburo: Eponides shiraii, new name for Eponides asanoi SHIRAI, 1960 (preoccupied)
242

Porifera
MORI, Kei:

Revision of the Permian "stromatoporoids" reported from japan ................ 237

Coelenterata
KONISHI, Kenji and MATSUDA, Shinya:

Relative fall of sea level within the past 3000 years

243
MORI, Kei: Revision of the Permian "stromatoporoids" reported from japan ............... . 237
SUZUKI, Shigeyuki and YA\IAGJ\\'A, Nobuo: Some newly discovered Late Permian corals
from the Maizuru Group ............................................................. . 64
Y A\IAGIWA, Nobuo and RA:\'GEL, Z. Cesar: Some interesting fossils from the Upper Paleozoic in Chaparra area, southwest Peru .................................................. 135

Bryozoa
SAKAGA\II, Sumio: Permian Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) from the Abadeh region, central Iran .. 269- - - and SAKAI, Akira: Triassic bryozoans from the Hidaka Group in Hokkaido, japan 77

Brachiopoda
MORI, Kei: Revision of the Permian "stromatoporoids" reported from japan ................ 237
T AZAWA, jun-ichi: Visean brachiopods from the Karaumedate Formation, southern Kitakami
mountains .................................................... , ......................... 359

Mollusca
HAYAMI, Itaru and OJI, Tatsuo: Early Cretaceous Bivalvia from the Choshi district, Chiba
Prefecture, Japan .................................................. , ................... 419

469

470

Systematic Index

HONDA, Yutaka: A new Chlamys from the Shitakara Formation of the Urahoro Group,
Kushiro Coal Field, eastern Hokkaido .................................................. 255
Venericardia (Cyclocardia) takedai, new name for Venericardia (Cyclocardia)
elliptica TAKEDA, 1953 (preoccupied) ., ................................................ 466
KASE, Tomoki and MAEDA, Haruyoshi: Early Cretaceous Gastropoda from the Choshi district, Chiba Prefecture, central japan .................................................. 291
MATsu:-'10To, Tatsuro: Notes on Lewesiceras and Nowakites (pachydiscid ammonites) fromthe Cretaceous of Hokkaido ............................................................ 30- - - , KAN~IERA, Kametoshi and OTA, Yoshihisa: Cephalopod faunule from the Cretaceous
Yatsushiro Formation (Kyushu) and its implications .................................... 325- - - - and YOSHIDA, Saburo: A new gaudryceratid ammonite from eastern Hokkaido .... 65
NAKAzAwA, Keiji, KUMON, Fujio and KIMURA, Katsumi: Occurrence of Cretaceous shallowsea bivalves from the northern border of Shimanto terrain, Kii Peninsula, Southwest
japan ...................................................... , .................. " .. .. ... 15
NODA, Masayuki and MURAMOTO, Kikuo: A new species of Inoceramus (Bivalvia) from theUpper Cretaceous of Hokkaido .................... , ................ " ................... 388
O~IURA, Akio: Uranium-series age of the Hiradoko and Uji shell beds, Noto Peninsula,central japan .......................................................................... 247
T ASHlRO, Masayuki: A study on the "pennatae trigoniids" from japan .................... 179
Y ANAl, Shuichi: Inoceramids discovered from the Uwajima Group in the Chikanaga district,western Shikoku, japan ................................................................ 405
YANG, Seong Young: Some new bivalve species from the Lower Gyeongsang Group, Korea 223

Arthropoda
Hu, Chung-Hung: Ontogenic studies of a few Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Deadwood
Formation, South Dakota .............................................................. 49- - - - : Ontogenies of a few Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Deadwood Formation,
South Dakota .......................................................................... 371
KOl3A YASHI, Teiichi and HA~'IADA, Takashi: A nomenclatural note on Neoproetus (Paraproetus) 254
OKADA, Yutaka: Stratigraphy and Ostracoda from Late Cenozoic strata of the Oga Peninsula,
Akita Prefecture ...................................................................... 143

Trace fossils
SIIUTO, Tsugio and SIIIRAISIIl, Shigeyoshi: A Lower Miocene ichnofauna of th Middle Ashiya
Group, north Kyushu-lchnological study of the Ashiya Group-I ...................... 109

PALAEOBOTANYKI~IURA,

Tatsuaki and HORICCIII, junji: Some Late Early Cretaceous plants from Fukui
Prefecture, in the Inner Zone of japan ............................................... .
- - - - , SAITO, Shigeru and TOJo, Takao: Early Cretaceous plants from the Tokurazawa
Formation, Gumma Prefecture, in the Inner Zone of Northeast japan .................. 87- - - - and TSUJII, Masanori: Early jurassic plants in japan, Part 1 .................... 339- - - and: Early jurassic plants in japan, Part 2 ...................... , ....... 449
KOMURA, Seiichi: Eine neue Diatomeen-Gattung aus den oberneogenen Koitoi Schichten,
Tenpoku, Hokkaido .................................................................... 175
KONISHI, Kenji and MATSCDA, Shinya: Relative fall of sea level within the past 3000 years 243

471

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECCIES
Notes: Words listed are names of genera and species, which are described, discussed orillustrated in the articles in Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society ofJapan, New Series, Nos. 113-120. Words in bold-faced type are names of newly proposed taxa.

A

Acropora sp. dr. humilis ................ 244
Adiantopteris sewardii . ..... 91, pI. 14, pI. 15
Agnostus communis ..... ................. 372
Agnostus neon .......................... 372
Agnostus tumidosus ...................... 373
Amberleya (Eucyclus) japonica ....... .
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 306, pI. 34
Amphidonte (Amphidonte) sp. d. A. sub.
haliotoidea . ....................... 25, pI. 3"Amphipora dr. asiatica" ........ 239, pI. 29
Aphelotoxon ............................ 377
Aphelotoxon triungulata ........ 377, pI. 44
Apiotrigonia ............................ 182
Apiotrigonia (Apiotrigonia) crassoradiata· .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. ... 190, pI. 25
Apiotrigonia (? Apiotrigonia) dubia ..
· .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. ... 194, pI. 25
Apiotrigoniu (Apiotrigonia) 11Iikasaensis................................ 187, pI. 25
Apiotrigonia (Apiotrigonia) minor 184, pI. 25
Apiotrigonia (Apiotrigonia) hetonaiana .. 191
Apiotrigonia (Apiotrigonia) obliquecostata184
Apiotrigonia (Apiotrigonia) obsoleta .... 192
Apiotrigonia (Apiotrigonia) utoensis .... 192
Apiotrigonia ashizawaensis .............. 184
Apiotrigonia crassoradiata .............. 190
Apiotrigonia futabaensis ................ 184
Apiotrigonia (Heterotrigonia) granosa .. 211
Apiotrigonia (Heterotrigonia) himenour.
ensis .................................. 211
Apiotrigonia (Heterotrigonia) subovalis .. 208
Apiotrigonia hetonaiana .................. 191
Apiotrigonia hironoensis ................ 184
Apiotrigonia jimboi ...................... 208
Apiotrigonia (Microtrigonia) amanoi ... .
· .............. " ., ...... " .. ... 197, pI. 26
Apiotrigonia (JvJicrotrigonia) imutensis ..
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 201, pI. 26

Apiotrigonia (Microtrigonia) minima .... 205
Apiotrigonia (Microtrigonia) postonodosa. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 202, pI. 26
Apiotrigonia (Microtrigonia) sp ... 204, pI. 26
Apiotrigonia minor .................. 184, 187
Apiotrigonia minor var. nankoi .......... 192
Apiotrigonia obliquecostata .............. 184
Apiotrigonia obsoleta .................... 192
Apiotrigonia aff. obsoleta ................ 194
Apiotrigonia orikiensis .................. 184
Apiotrigonia postonodosa ................ 202
Apiotrigonia subovalis minor ............ 184
Apiotrigonia tuberculata ................ 197
Apiotrigonia utoensis .................... 192
Araxopora araxensis . ............. 276, pI. 32
Asplenium dicksonianum ............... .
................ 10, pI. 1; 90, pI. 14, pI. 15
Astarte (Astarte) cos/ata ................ 432
Astarte (Astarte) sp. d. A. (A.) subsenecta...................................... 432
Astarte (Astarte) subsenecta ...... 431, pI. 53
Astarte subsenecta ...................... 432
Astarte subsenecta var. costata .......... 432
Ataphrus (Ataphrus) nipponicus ..... .
. .. .. .. . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. 298, pI. 34
Astarte? sp ........................ 26, pI. 3
B

Balakhonia sp ..................... 364, pI. 41
Batostomella spinigera var. araxensis .... 276
Birisia onychioides .................. 9, pI. 1
Brachythyris d. B. elliptica ...... 365, pI. 42
Brewericeras ............................ 330
Brewericerus enor11le . ........... 331, pI. 37

c
Caestocorbula minima .......... 437, pI. 53
Caestocorbula shikamai ........ 436, pI. 53
Calliosto11la? ojii .............. 297, pI. 34
Callista chinensis ........................ 250
Cameraspis convexa ................ 56, pl. 9

Index of Genera and Species

472

Ceratosiphon ............................ 313
Ceratosiphon densestriatus .... 314, pI. 36
Chlamys shitakaraensis ........ 258, pI. 30
Cladophlebis fastuosa .................... 457
Cladophlebis haiburnensis ................ 457
Cladophlebis shinshuensis ................ 10
Cladophlebis sp. A ........................ 91
Cladophlebis sp. B ................ 91, pI. 14"Clathrodictyon somaense" ........ 238, pI. 29
Cliflia typica ...................... 57, pI. 9
Columbitrigonia . ......................... 211
Coniferae sp ........................ 12, pI. 1
Coniopteris dr. arctiea .............. 7, pI. 1
Coniopteris onychioides .................... 10
Corbulomima sp. aff. C. nuciformis ...... 438
Corbulomima sp. ct. C. nucifonnis 438, pI. 53
Cucullaea d. striatella .................. 428
Cylindrichnus japonicus ...... 125, 126, pI. 18
Cylindrophyllia minima .................. 249
Cythere lutea .................... 159, pI. 21
dr. Czekanowskia nipponica ...... 93, pI. 15

Eriptycha . ............................... 317
Eriptycha japonica . ............. 317, pI. 34

F
Finmarchinella (Barentsovia) hanaii ..
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 166, pI. 22
Finmarchinella (Barelltsovia) nealei ..
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168, pI. 23
Fistulipora elegantula ............ 27l, pI. 31
Fistulipora pseudomonticulosa .. 272, pI. 31
Fusulina cylindrica ...................... 137
Fusulina cylindriea var. ventricosa ...... 137
Fusulina ventricosa var. meeki .......... 137
G
Gaudryceras .............................. 68
Gaudryceras hamanakense ........... .
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68, pI. 10, pI. 11
Gleichenites nipponensis .................... 6
Goniastrea sp. . ......................... 244
Grammatodon (Nanonavis) )'olwyamai ... .
· .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 428, pI. 52

D
Dampietrigonia ........................ 205
Dicksonia gracilis ........................ 10
Durhamina ? andensis ... . . . . . .. 140, pI. 20
Dybowskiella sinensis .................... 27l
Dyscritella hidakaensis .......... 83, pI. 13
Dyscritella sp ..................... 84, pI. 13
E

Elvinia roemeri .................... 50, pI. 8
Epileymeriella .......................... 332
Epileymeriella sp. aff. E. hitzeli .. 333, pI. 37
Eponides asanoi .......................... 242
Eponides shiraii . ....................... 242
Equisetites .............................. 344
Equisetites iwamuroensis ............... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 344, pI. 38, pI. 39, pI. 40
Equisetites nwri-gumpeii .............. 349
Equisetites nipponicus ............... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 350, pI. 38, pI. 39, pI. 40
Equisetites sp. . ......................... 344
Equisetites sp. A .......... 353, pI. 39, pI. 40
Equisetites sp. B ................ 355, pI. 39
Equisetites sp. C ................ 355, pI. 38
Eridopora major ........................ 273
Eridopora d. parasitiea .......... 273, pI. 31
Eriphyla sp. d. E. (Eriphyla) pulchella
434

H

Hayamia . ............................... 301
Hayamia choshiensis ............ 305, pI. 35
Hayamia rex ........... ......... 303, pI. 35
Heminautilus ............................ 328
Heminautillls akatslli .......... 328, pI. 37
Heterocyathus japonicus . ................. 249
Heterotrigonia .......................... 207
Heterotrigonia granosa .................. 211
H eterotrigonia (H eterotrigonia) subovalis· .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 208, pI. 26
H eterotrigonia himenou rensis ............ 211
H eterotrigonia (N akanotrigonia) granosa 211
Heterotrigonia (Nakanotrigonia)
himenourensis .................. 211, pI. 26
H eterotrigonia sawatai .................. 208
H eterotrigonia subovalis ................ 208
Hexagonella tortuosa ............ 274, pI. 31
Homagnostus tumidosus .......... 373, pI. 43
H ousia ovata .................... 381, pI. 45

I
Inoceramus (Inoceramus) obiraensis ..... .
· ........... 392, pI. 46, pI. 47, pI. 48, pI. 49
Inoceramus (Inoceramus) teshioensis ....
· ............................... 411, pI. 50
Inoceramus (Inoceramus) uwajimensis ....

Index of Genera and Species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 413, pI. 50
Inoceramus (Inoceramus) yabei .. 409, pI. 50
Irvingella major . ................... 53, pI. 8
K

Karauankina jizodoensis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 362, pI. 41, pI. 42
Kidoa .................................. 175
Kidoa graviarmata .............. 176, pI. 24
Koreanaia .............................. 227
Krotm'ia sp ....................... 361, pI. 41
L

Laevicardium? ishidoense ................ 434
Laevicardium (?) sp. aft. L. (?) ishidoense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 434, pI. 53
Leioclema sp ....................... 82, pI. 12
Leioclema sugiyamai ............ 81, pI. 12
Leptostrobus sp. . ................. 94, pI. 14
Lewesiceras .............................. 31
Lewesiceras kawashitai .......... 32, pI. 4
Lewesiceras satoi . ................. 34, pI. 5
Lewesiceras sharpei ...................... 31
Littorina decussata ...................... 315"Lophiostroilla ozawai" ............ 238, pI. 29

473

Nanonavis yokoyamai .................... 428
Nemocardium (Arctopratulum) ezoense ..
· ..................................... pI. 30
Nemocardium yatsushiroense ........... .
Neogondolella polygnathiformis .......... 80
Neoproetus (Paraproetus) .............. 254
Neoproetus (Siciliproetus) ............ 254
Nowakites ................................ 36
Nowakites mikasaensis ... ......... 39, pI. 6
Nowakites yubarensis ............ 38, pI. 5
Nucula ishidoensis ...................... 423
Nuculana sanchuensis .................... 425
Nuculana (s. 1) sp. d. N. sanchuensis o. 425
Nuculopsis (Palaeonucula) ishidoensis .
423, pI. 51
Nuculopsis (Palaeonucula) sp. d. No (Po)ishidoensis
423
o.

•

•••••••••

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•

•

•

•

•

•

•

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•

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•

•

•

•

•

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•

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••

o
Onychiopsis elongata .......... 11, 93, pI. 15
Oolitica sp. . .................
307, pI. 34
Ophiomorpha ..............
116
Ophiomorpha ashiyaensis ............... .
· ................. 117, pI. 16, pI. 17, pI. 18
Ornithopus ............
313
6, pI. 1? Osmunda sp ....
Cfr. Osmundopsis e(imoviae .......... 5, pI. 1
Osmulldopsis nipponica . ............. pI. 55
Ostrea eorivularis ....
pI. 30
Ostrea sp ........................... 25, pI. 3
0

0

•

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•••

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•••••••••••••••••o ••••••••••••••••••

M

Marattia asiatica . ......... 449, pI. 54, pI. 55
Marattiopsis asiatica .................... 449
Marattiopsis muensteri .................. 449
Marattiopsis dr. muensteri .............. 449
Margarites aff. sachalinensis ............ 308
Margarites (?) sp. . ..................... 308
Martinia aff. lvi. glabra .......... 366, pI. 42
Megatrigollia (Apiotrigonia) subovalis .. 208
Mesosaccella (?) choshiensis .... 426, pI. 51
Mesosaccella (.0) sp. . ............. 427, pI. 51
Metriomphalus nagasakiensis .. 308, pI. 34
Microtrigonia . ........................... 195
Microtrigonia amanoi ..... ............... 197
Microtrigonia imutensis ....... ........... 201
Microtrigonia minima . ................... 205
Microtrigol!ia tuberculata ................ 197
NNakanotrigonia ........................ 210
Nankaites kochiensis .............. 128, pI. 18
Nanonavis (Nanonavis) sp. d. N. (N.)
yokoyamai ............................ 428
Nanonavis (Nanonavis) yokoyamai ...... 4280•••••••••••••••

p

Pecten albicans .......................... 250
Perissoptera elegans ............ 309, pI. 36
Phricodothyris sp. . ..................
365
Pietteia . ........
311
Pietteia cretacea . ............... 311, pI. 36
Pinna (Pinna) sp ................ 430, pI. 51
Pinna sp. d. P. robinaldina ............ 430
Platiknemiceras .......................... 333
Platiknemiceras caseyi....... . .. 333, pI. 37
Plectomya aritagawana .......... 439, pI. 53
Plicatula sp ......................... 24, pI. 3
Plicatula sp. aft. P. hanaii .......... 24, pI. 3
Podozamites eichwaldii . ................... 11
Podozamites dr. lanceolatus ...... 94, pI. 141
Podozamites lanceolatus eichwaldi ........ 11
Polypol'U abadehensis .......... 280, pI. 33
Polypora aft. darashamensis ...... 282, pI. 32
Polypora magnicava .............. 279, pI. 32
00.

0••••••••••••••••••••••••

0

474

Index of Genera and Species

Polypora soyanensis .............. 278, pI. 32
Polypora? sp ..................... 283, pI. 33
Polyp ora striata ................ 283, pI. 33
Polypora timorensis var. darashamensis ..
· .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. ... 282, pI. 32
Polypora tubulosa ................ 277, pI. 32
Porites sp ............................... 244
Porolithon onkodes ...................... 244
Portlandia sanchuensis ........... .425, pI. 51
Productus d. P. concinnus ........ 362, pI. 41
Prolyelliceras (?) sp ............... 332, pI. 37
Pseudagnostus communis . ......... 372, pI. 43
Pseudagonostus Josepha . ................. 372
Pseudagonostus prolongus . ............... 372
Pseudobatostomella kobayashii . .......... .
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 83, pI. 12, pI. 13
Pseudohyria matsumotoi ........ 230, pI. 28
Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia) pocilliformis· ............................... 431, pI. 52
Pulchricapitus davisi .............. 374, pI. 43
Pulsides higoensis . ....................... 436

Q
Quoiecchia

211
R

Rasatrix suzukii ............... .434, pI. 51
Rastellum? sp. . ................... 25, pI. 2
Rugosochonetes .......................... 361
Rugosochonetes sp. . ............. 361, pI. 41

T
Taeniopteris (Marattia) munsteri ........ 449
Taeniopteris sp. . ....................... 449
Thalassinoides giganteus ...... 124, pI. 16

Thalassinoides iwayaensis ........... .
· ......................... 121, pI. 16, pI. 17
Todites denticulatus . .................... .
Todites dr. denticulatus ............... .
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. pI. 54, pI. 55, pI. 56
Todites fastuosus 455, pI. 54, pI. 55, pI. 56
Todites goeppertianus . ................... 459
Todites neiridaniensis ... .459, pI. 55, pI. 56
Tosalorbis ? ichnosp. . ........... 127, pI. 18
Trigonia pocilliformis ... ................. 431
Trigonia sawatai ........................ 208
Trigonia sp. . ........................... 431
Trigonia subovalis .............. 184, pI. 208
Trigonia d. subovalis .................... 187
Trigonia subovalis var. minor ........... .
· ......................... 184, 190, 191, 197

Trigonioides (Koreanaia) bongkyulli ..
... .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .. ....... 227, pI. 27
Triticites cellamagnus ............ 137, pI. 19
Triticites meeki .................. 137, pI. 19
Triticites sp. A .................. 138, pI. 19
Triticites sp. B .................. 139, pI. 19
Triticites ventricosus .................... 137
Turbo alsus ................. ............. 315
Turbo decussatus ........................ 315
Turkestanella .......................... 207

Su

Septopora lineata ................ 285, pI. 33
Septopora subquadrans var. lineata ..... .
· . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 285, pI. 33
Septopora tarazi ................ 286, pI. 33
Solemya sp ....................... 427, pl. 51
Sphenopteris sp ............. 92, pI. 14, pI. 15
Spondylus (Spondylus) sp. aff. S.
decoratus ........................ 23, pI. 2
Stenodiscus granularis .................. 276
Stenopora? n. sp ................. 275, pI. 32"Stromatopora (Parallelopora) minoensis"· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 239, pI. 29
Strombus Japonicus ...................... 250

U narites? ichnosp................. 128, pI. 18

V
Vanikoropsis decussata . ........... 315, pI. 35
Venericardia (Cylocardia) elliptica
466
Venericardia (Cyclocardia) takedai ...... 466
Vertebrites kayei ........................ 72

W
Waagenophyllum (Waagenophyllum)
virgalense .............................. 64yYanishewski211a? sp ............... 364, pI. 42

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22

BARKER, Reginald Wright
BURCKLE, Lioyd H.

5120 Palmettost., Bellaire, Texas 77401, U. S. A.

(C, R-Foram., St.)

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, N. Y. 10964, U. S. A.

(Diatoms)
CHANG, Li-Sho (iJJlt1i[i!§.)

3410 Redbud Lane, Raleigh, N. C. 27607, U. S. A.

CORGAN, James Xavier

Department of Geology and Geography, Austin Peay State University,(Tertiary Foram.)

Clarksville, Tenn. 37040, U. S. A.
DANNER, Wilbert Roosevelt

Department of Geology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,

B. C. V6T 2B4, CANADA
DEHM, Richard(Biost., Fusul.)

Institut fUr Palaeontologie und Historische Geologie, Richard Wagern-Strasse lO-ll, Munchen 2, GERMANY
DOWLEN, Robert John
U. S. A.

(In.)

DURHAM, John Wyatt
U. S. A.

(Ver.)

Department of Geology, San Diego State College, San Diego, CA, 97115,
Museum of Palaeontology, University of California, Berkeley, Ca. 94720,(C. P, Prec. -Cp., R-Mo., St., Echinoidea, Scleractinia.)

HAMLIN, William Henry

Atlantic Richfield, Box 51408, Lafayette, LA. 70501, U. S. A.

HONlO, Susumu (*J1:2G)

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, U. S. A.

HU, Chung-Hung CliJJ,'t'J.§:)

Department of Physics, Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 117, TAIWAN(Hg., P, St.)HUANG, Tun-Yow(~~50

Office of Chief Geologist, Chinese Petrol. Corp., 83 Chung Hwa

Road, Taipei, TAIWAN 100,

(R, C-Foram., Biost., Pg.)

INGA VAT, Rucha

Department of Mineral Resources, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, THAILAND

JORDAN, Reiner

Niedersachsisches Landesant fur Bodenforschung, Alfred-Benz-Haus, 3 Hannover-

Buchholz, W. GERMANY
KAHLER, FranzKAPOOR, Hari Mohan
INDIA(M-Biost., Cephal., Nannopl.)

Linsengasse 29, A-9020 Klagenfurt, AUSTRIA(Biost., Fusul.)

Senior Geologist Geological Survey of India, Director General, Calcutta,(Gp., Biost.)

KAUFMANN, Godfrey F.
KILMER, Frank Hale

P.O. Box 643, Jensen Beach, FL 33457, U.S.A.

Department of Geology, Humboldt State College, Arcata, CA 95521, U. S. A.

(M, C-Mo.)
KIM, Bong Kyun(~~:f:!;J)

Department of Geology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151, KOREA(Hg., Gp.)
LEMONE, David V.

Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, At EI Paso, P. O.

Box 3, EI Paso, Texas 79968, U. S. A.
LING, C. C.

(itij!jj~)

Taipei, TAIWAN
LING, Hsin Yi(P. M-Biost.)

Department of Geology, College of Science, National Taiwan University,(Q-Geol, C-Mo., Decapoda)

Department of Geology, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, U. S. A.

(Radiol., Silicoflagellates, Ebridians.)
LOEBLICH, Alfred Richard Jr Dept, Earth. & Space Sciences, Univ. of California, Los Angeles,
405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA. 90024, U. S. A.

(P, C-Foram., Nannopl., Algae.)23
MA, Ting Ying H ('~liE~)

Department of Geology, College of Science, Nrtional Taiwan Univer·sity, Taipei, TAIWANMORRIS, Robert C.

(P·Corals, St.)

Chairman, Department of Geology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville,

AR. 72701, U. S. A.

(Pg.)

NESTELL, Merlynd K.

Department of Geology, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19049,

Arlington, TX. 76019, U. S. A.
PARIWATVORN, Patehara
RIGBY, J. Keith(Fusul., Foram.)

45-47, Soi Sripichal, Bangsue, Bangkok, THAILAND(Foram.)Department of Geology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, U. S. A.

(In., Pe.)
SAMANIEGO, Remmedios M Bureau of Mines, Herran St. Manila, PHILIPPINESSCHMIDT.EFFING, Reinhard
weg 61, GERMANY(Foram., Mo.)

Geologisch·palaontologisches Institut, 4400-Mlinster, Gievenbecker(Biost., Cephal., Foram., C.·M. Mg., Radiol., Rg., St., Sd.)

SOARES, Ant6nio FerreiraMuseu e Laboratoro, Mineralogico e Geologico da Universidade de

Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGALSTACH, Leopold William(Biost., M.. Mo.)

34/50 Canterbury Road, Middle Park, VIC. 3206, AUSTRALIA(Biost.,Mg., Pg.)
STEWART, Lowther J.

Department of Geology, University of Puget, sound Tacoma 6, Washing.

ton, U. S. A.
SUNTHARALINGAM, T.
SUSUKI, Takeo

Geological Survey of Malaya, P. O. Box 1015, Ipoh, MALAYSIA(St.)

Department of Geology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, U. S. A.

(C·Mo.)TALENT, John A.
AUSTRALIA

School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, N. S. W. 2113,(P.Brach., Fusul., Fusul., Rg.)TOMIDA, Yukimitsu
85721, U. S. A.

C~t';IIl$:J't)

Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ(C· Ver.)

WIEDMANN, Jost P.

Inst. Geologie und Palaeont. Universitat Tlibingen, Sigwartstr. 10, 74

Tlibingen, GERMANY
YAGO, Reymaldo E.

Petroleum Division, Bureau of ivlines, Herran St., iVlanila, PHILIPPINES(Smaller foram.)
YANG, Seong. Young (i.1?:iR,*)

D~partment of Earth·Science, Teachers College, Kyungpook National

University, Daegu, KOREA
YIN, Ee Heng

(M·Mo.)

Geological Survey of Malaya, P. O. Box 10Ei, Ipoh, ylALA YSIA

YOON, Sun (jtfJO(P. Foram.)

Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Busan National

University, Busan, KOREA(Biost., C·Mo., Rg., Sd.)

24

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Q~15-tcl:, ~~T~0)~1F0)~0Abhandlungen. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche K1asse. Neue Folge.

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119 (1964) ,126,129,

141,145,150(1971)
Acta Geologica Sinica

tt!lJI~~.

(Peking)39(3) (1959)-46(2) (1966) [40(3,4)],(Warzawa)

1(1956)-24(1979) [10(2,4),16(4)]1973-1978 (1) ,52-54 (1) (1980)
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.

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Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology.

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The American Midland Naturalist.

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17(1936)-24,25(3),26,27(1,2Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in ~"ien.

(Wien)

60 (1954/1955) -82(1978) [80)() Annales du Service d'Information Geologique du Bureau de Recherches Geologiques, Geophysiques et Mineres, France.

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Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eotvos Nomi-I'

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1935(1935)-1938,

1943-1945(1947)

P

Annuaire de l' Ecole Superieure des Mines et de Geologie. 13 (1-3,5) (1966/1967) ,14 (1-3) ,15 (1-3) ,16 (1-4) ,17 (1-4) ,18 (1, 3,4) (1976)

Annual Report. Bureau of Economic Geology, the University of Texas. (Austin)
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C> Annual Report of the National 11useum, Bloemfontein.

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1956(1956)-1970(1970)

Archives Geologiques du Viet-Nam.

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5 (1961) -12 (1969)

Archives Neerlandaises de Zoologie [Netherlands Journal of Zoology). (Leiden)15(1962)-18(1968)~

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Arkiv for Zoologi.

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27 (1935) -32 (1939/1940)

Atti dell'Istituto di Geologia della Universita di Genova.

(Genoa)3(1)(1965),4 (1) (1966)~AVUlso.

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Laborat6rio Central de Producao Mineral.

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1 (1963) -4 (1970)

Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch.

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Bimonthly Review of Scientific Publications [Quarterly Review of Scientific
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(Warzawa) (1957(1-:.3),1962-

1969,1970 (3-5)

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Biuletyn Instytut Geologicznego.

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317,322(1980)() Boletim. Ministerio da Agricultura, Departmento Nacional da Producao Mineral, Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia [Servico Geologico e Mineralogico
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104,121-133(1949)

Boletim. !-1inisterio da Agricultura, Departmento Nacional da Produdio Mineral, Laborat6rio da Producao Mineral.
(1954) [29)(Rio de Janeiro)

19(1945)-37

3(? Boletim. Republica dos Estados Unidos do Brasil.

(Rio de Janeiro)

41 (1938)-43,81-84,86 (1950)

9 Boletin de Geologia, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia.
ramanga)(Buca-

6(1961)-24(1968)

Boletin. Instituto de Investigaciones Geologicas Chile.

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1 (1960) -17

I" - 2(1 }-1 r(
14(1970)-20,21(1,2) (1977) [15]Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.

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123(4,5)(1962) ,125(1,3) ,129(2) ,131(2) ,132(1,2) ,135(6) ,136(1) ,137(2) ,138(7),140(4) ,141(2) ,142(6) ,143(2,4) ,144(1,2,4,5) ,145(2) ,146(1,4) ,147(1,2,5,6),
14 8 (1) ,150 (4) ,151 (3,4) ,154 (2) ,155 (5) ,156 (1,3,5) ,157 (4,6) ,158 (4,5) ,159
(3) ,161(3) ,162(3) ,163(1) ,164(1,2) (1979)
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Geology.

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Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology.
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Bulletin. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Departmentof National Development, Commonwealth of Australia.

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Bulletin de Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Hinieres.

7(Paris)1961(1- 4) ,1962 (1- 4) ,196 3 (1- 4) ,196 4 (1- 4) ,196 6 (1- 6) ,196 7 (1- 6) ,196 8 (1,2,4) ,1969 (1-4) ,1970 (1-4) ,1971 (1-6) ,1972 (1-6) ,1973 (1-4,6) ,1974 (5,6) ,1975 (1-6) ,~-.

1976 (1-6),1977 (1-4),1978 (1-3) ,1979 (1)Bulletin du Centre de Recherches de Pau.

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Bulletin of the Geological Society of China.

1 (1967) -10 (1976) [8 (2)](Peking)

15 (1936) -17 (1) (1937)

Bulletin. Geological Survey of Canada, Department of Mines and Technical
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(Ottawa)

21(1952) ,23-25,28,35,38-43,47-49,52,53,55,59,60,65,

67,74,75,78,80,81,86-88,91-94,96,103,107,114,116,119,120,123,127,128,
131,133-135,140,153,155,156,158,163,165,169,170,181,182,185,187-189,
192,197,200-202,204,209-212,215,221-223,231,232,235,237,240,241,243,244,
255,256,266-268,274,275,282,284,290,297,299,302,307,308,312,321(1979)
Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.

(London)7(1955) ,11,

12,16-20,25(1966)
Bulletin. Geological Survey, Ministry of Development, State of Israel.
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13 (1958) -73 (1979) [36,43,45,62,65,71]

Bulletin de l'Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine.

(Bordeaux)7(1969)-24(1979)
Bulletin de l'Institut Geologique de la Republique Macedonienne.
6(1958)-15(1971/1972)(Skopje)4Bulletin des Laboratoires de Geologie, Mineralogie, Geophysique et du Musee
Geologique de l'Universite de Lausanne. (Lausanne)

67(1940-72(1941)

Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique.

(Bruxelles) 10(1934)-14(1938)

Bulletin. Nebraska Geological Survey. Second Series. (Lincoln) 9(1933)
Bulletin. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale university. (New Haven)8(1955) ,10,11,13-16,20-25,27-41(1978)

Bulletin du Service Geologique de l'Indochine.

(Hanoi)5(3) (1918) ,6(6),7 (3) ,22 (2) ,23 (1) ,25 (1) (1938)

Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France.

(Paris)6 Serie, 1 (1951) -7,

8(1,6) (1958); 7 Serie, 1(3,4,7,9) (1959),2(4),3(3,5),4(1-7),5(1),6,7,8(1-7) ,9(1-6) ,10(1-6) ,11(5,6) ,12(2,5) ,13(1-4) ,16(1,2,4) ,17(1-6) (1975)

Bulletin. The University of Texas.

(Austin)

3501(1935) ,3534,3601,3619,3701(1937)

Bulletin. U. S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

(Washington D. C.)

215 (1957),247,285,294 (1969)

Bulletin of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

(Philadelphia)

22 (2,4)(1947) ,24 (4) ,25 (1) ,27 (1,2,4) ,28 (1,2,4) ,30 (1,4) ,31 (1,4) , 32 (1,2,4) ,33 (2,4)(1958)·

Carta Geologica de Chile, Instituto de Investigaciones Geologicas, Chile.
(Santiago)

2 (3) (1960) ,3 (1-5) ,11,15-20,23-30 (1978)

Casopis Moravskeho Musea [Acta Musei Moraviae].

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32 (1948) ,34,35,37-

64 (1979)

Casopis N4rodniho Musea.

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Circular. Oklahoma Geological Survey.

(Norman)6(1917) ,9-12,14-21,23,31,

36,43,45-72,74-79(1978)

Coalfield Papers of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.

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1(1956)Compte Rendu Sommaire des Seances de la Societe Geologique de France. (Paris)
1961 (1961) ,1962 (1-10) ,1963 (1-10) ,1965,1966 (1-6,8-10) ,1967 (1-7) ,1968 (1-9) ,1969 (1-9) ,1970 (1-8) ,1971 (2,3,6) ,1973 (1-6) ,1974 (1,2,6) ,1975 (1-4) ,1976(1-3) ,1977(1,4,6) ,1978(2,3) (1978)

Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, university of Michigan.
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4 (1932/1935) ,5,6 (1,2) ,9 (6-10) ,10 (1-5) (1953)

Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie de la Faculte des Sciences de Lyon.
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11(1965)-76(1979) [15,59-61,63,65,66]

Filia Quaternaria.
Geobios.

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1 (1968),4 (1-4) ,5 (2-4),6 (1-4),7 (1) (1974)(Rama)

2(1963),5-16(1977)

Geological Circular. Bureau of Economic Geology, the University of Texas.
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5

Geo1ogicheskaya Literatura [Geological Literature].

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1949/1950(1966) ,1959 (1966) -1972 (1977)
Geo1ogicheskii Sbornik [Geological Collection].
Geo1ogicheskoe Stroenie CCCP

(Leningrad)[Geologic Structure of USSR].

6 (1961)-8 (1965)(Moscow)1(1968)-4(1968)
Geo1ogisches Jahrbuch. Reihe A.
Geo1ogiya i

Geofizika.

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1960 (1960)-1979(8) (1979) [1965,1966,1970(9)]Guidebook. Bureau of Economic Geologv, The University of Texas.

(Austin)

2 (1960) ,6,7,10,11 (1970)
Jaarvers1ag. Geologisch Bureau voor het Nederlandische Mijngebiet te Heer1en.
(Haar1em)

1925,1929,1932

Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesansta1t.

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86(3/4) (1936) ,87,88(1/2)(1938)
Jena Review.

(Jena)

1965(2,4) ,1968 (6) ,1972(1-4) ,1973(1-3,6) ,1974 (1-5) ,1975(1-6) ,1976 (1-5) ,1977 (1-4) ,1978 (1,4,5) ,1979 (1,2)
The Journal of Conchology.

(London)20 (7) (1936) -21 (7) (1940) [21 (4,5)]

Journal of the Geological Society of London [Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London].

(London)107(1951)-136,137(1,2) [130(1),134 (4-6)]
Journal of Geology of the United Arab RepublicGeology].

(Cairo)[The Egyptian Journal of1(1957)-17(1973) [2(2) ,3(2) ,7(2) ,8(1,2) ,9(1,2) ,14(2),15(1,2)]
Kwarta1nik Geologiczny.

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1 (1957) -23 (2) (1979) [5 (1),6 (1),19 (1)]Magyarhoni Foldtani Tarsulat Budapest.

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2(1964) ,3,7-16,18-20,22(1975)
Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera.

(The Hague)

Marine Studies of San Pedro Bay, California.

1(1962)-4(1965)(Los Angeles)

2(1973)-15(1978)

Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichtung [Mededelingen Rijks Geologische
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1 (1946) -30 (1978) [26 (2) 1

r.1ededelingen van de Geologische Stichtung. Serie C.

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1 (1941) -50(1975)
Memoir. Geological Survey of Canada, Department of Mines and Technical
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(Ottawa)

263(1952) ,264,280-282,285-287,289,293-295,309,311,

314,316,351(1967)
Memoir. National Museum, Bloemfontein.

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1 (1964)-12 (1979) [7]Memoires du Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres.

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Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique. Memoire.
les)(Bruxel-60 (1934) ,62,72,74-85 (1938)

Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique. Ser.2.
1(1935)-13(1938)(Bruxelles)

6

1·1emoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Nature11e de Belgique. Ser.4. (Bruxe11es)
1 (1933),2 (1930/1938),3 (1930/1932),4 (1931/1935) ,5 (1930/1937),6 (1) (1932)
Memoires de 1a Societe Geologique de France. N. S.

(Paris)

88(1960) ,92(1960)
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. Palaeontology.

(London)4 (1) (1955) -4 (6) (1970)
Memoirs of the National Museum of victoria.

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Memoirs of the university of California. (Berkeley)

29 (1969) -40 (1979)

13(1,2) (1942),13(4)(1956)
Mikrofauna CCCP [Microfauna of USSR].

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Minera1ogicko Geo1ogicka Bib1iografie CSSR.

11(1960)-14(1966)(Praha)1928/1929(1974) ,1965(1966)-1976(1979)
Ministerio da Agricu1tura, Servico Geologico e Minera1ogico.

(Rio de Janeiro)1(1936)-20,35-51(1950)
Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatsarnrn1ung fUr Pa1aonto1ogie und Historische
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1 (1961) -19 (1979)

Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Institut der Eidg. Technischen Hochschu1e
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(ZUrich)1(1962)-226(1979) [16,72,81,84,90,94,97,101,104,112,116,120,121,124,127,131,134-137,139,144147,155-157,163,168,174-177,183,189,194,197,205,211,213,219,220]
Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Institut der Eidg. Technischen Hochschu1e
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(ZUrich)4(1934)-85(1961) [38,53-55,

61,63,83]
Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Institut der Eidg. Technischen Hochschu1e
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(Zurich)3(1933)-17(1961) [5,9]Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Institut der Eidg. Technischen Hochschu1e
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(Zurich)1(1935)-92(1962) [4,5,13-

15,20,23,45,51-53,56,69,74]
Mitteilungen aus dem Mineralogisch-Geologischen Staatinstitut in Hamburg.
(Hamburg)

12(1931)-17(1940)

Monographias do Geologico e Minera1ogico do Brasil.

(Rio de Janeiro)

2(1919)-4,7-11(1936)
Monographs. Palaeontology of USSR.

(Leningrad and l-1oscow)

35(1937) ,39,48,

67,71(1937)
Natural Resources and Development.
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Novitates. The American Museum of Natural History. (New York)2095(1962),

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2220,2223,2226-2228,2230,2236,2242,2246,2252,2253,2261,2267,2271-2273,
2280,2285,2293,2295,2300,2304,2311,2313,2315,2317,2318,2328,2337,2339,
2342,2344,2346,2352,2353,2361,2363,2366,2369,2370,2378,2380,2387,2404,

72405,2408,2421,2424,2425,2434-2436,2443-2455,2459,2461,2465,2466,2477,
2485,2486,2488,2490,2495,2499,2501,2506,2508,2533,2535,2543,2552,2557,
2559,2566,2567,2571,2574,2576,2579,2586,2588,2591,2596,2608,2610,2611,
2613,2618,2620,2621,2633,2639,2645,2647,2652,2655,2658,2668,2675,2681,
2688 (1979)
Occasional Papers. Allan Hancock Foundation Publication.

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9(1949) ,20 (1958)
Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences.

(San Francisco)21(1945)-134 (1979) [30]Osnovy Paleon tologii[Basic Paleontology]. General part + Protozoa

Coelenterata (1962), Brachiopoda (1960), BivalviaI(1959),(1960), Cephalopoda(1962), Cephalopoda II(1958), Echinodermata + Hemicordata (1964),

Insecta (1962), Pisces(1964), Amphibia + Reptilia (1964), Mammalia(1962), Plantae(Algae +Pterydophyta) (1963), Plantae(Gymnospermae +Angiospermae) (1963)
Palaeontologia Polonica.

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8 (1957) -40 (1979) [24]

Palaeontologia Sinica. Ser .A.

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1 (1-3) (1922) ,2 (1) (1927)

Palaeontologia Sinica. Ser.B.

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7 (1) , 8 (1, 2) ,9 (1- 3) ,11 (1,3) ,12 (3- 6) ,13 (1) ,15 (1) ,16 (1) (1937)
Palaeontologia Sinica. Ser.C.

(Peking)1(1,4) (1924),2(1-4),4(1-4),5(2,4,5),

6(1,3,4) ,7(2) ,8(1) ,10(1) (1934)
Palaeontologia Sinica. Ser.D.

(Peking)1(3) (1925)

Palaeontological Bulletin. New Zealand Geological Survey.

(Wellington)

35(1964)-46(1975)
Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal[Paleontological Journal]. 1964(1964)-1980(1)(1980) [1971 (4)]Paleontologiese Navorsing van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein.
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Paleopalynologiya[Paleopalynology].

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1 (1966)-3 (1966)

Paper. Geological Survey of Canada, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys.

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61(.6,26,27)(1961),62(4,14,19),64(11),65(5,35),66(5,11,

27,30,56) ,670,11,13,16,21,25,59,72) ,68(65,69) ,69 (39) ,70 (13,19,21,22),
71 (19) , 72 (18, 26, 28, 38, 43) , 73 (5 ,12,24) , 78 (22) , 79 (19) (1979)
Paper. Nebraska Geological Survey.
Polish Scientific Periodicals.

(Lincoln)(l'larzawa)9(1935) ,10,16(1939)

1964 (1964) -1974,1975 (1,5,6) [1970(4) ,1971 (4) ,1972 (1,4) ,1973 (5- 8) ]Postilla. Peabody Museum, Yale University.

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1 (1960) -9 (1962)

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Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Series 4(San Francisco)22 (1-6) (1937) ,23 (1-16) ,24 (8-12) ,25 (15-18) ,26 (1-6,10-14) ,27-36,37 (1-15,
20-23) ,39 (1-23) ,40 (1-15) ,41(1-15,19-22) ,42 (1-5) (1979).
Proceedings of the Geological Society of London.

(London)1583/1592(1961)-1629/1636 (1967)
Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society.

(Liverpool)17(1-3) (1936/

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Professional Paper. U. S. Geological Survey.

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433(P) ,437

(D-H) ,440(B-I,K) ,456(E) ,486(A,G-K) ,491(E) ,502(C) ,521(F) ,533,560(1) ,569
(D) ,574 (F, G) ,576 (D,E) ,581 (F) ,608 (B) ,640 (G) ,641 (C) ,650 (1-0) ,680 (F) ,686
(B) ,712 (C, D), 715 (B) ,716 (B-D,F), 725 (B) ,726 (E,F), 729 (D-F), 743 (D-F), 751(C- F) , 752 , 756 , 759 (B, C) , 762 , 763 , 769 , 77 3 , 774 (C , D) , 779 , 782 , 784 , 786 , 788 , 792 ,
794,798 (B, C) , 801,802 (A) ,805,806,810, 8ll, 812 (B) , 813 (A-H, J-Q, S) , 816 , 818(B, C) ,823,825- 8 28,831 (B) ,833, 835, 837,840, 841,843 (A, B) , 844-847, 848 (A, C-G) ,849-852,854-861,863,864(A,B) ,865,867(A-C) ,868,869,871-889,891,892,897904,907 (A-E) ,908-925,926 (A, B) ,927- 9 30,932 (A, B) ,933,934,935 (A-C) ,936-940,
941 (A, D) ,942-945,953,954 (A-D) ,955-958,959 (A-H) ,960-967,969-974,976-987,
988 (A,B) ,989-993,994 (A) ,995,996,998,999,1001-1005,1006 (A,B) ,1007-1021,
1022(A-C) ,1023-1031,1033,1034,1035(A-C) ,1037-1043,1044(A-G) ,1045,1046(D),1049 (A,B) ,1050,1051,1053,1054 (A) ,1055,1056,1059-1063,1064 (A) ,1065 (A,D),
1066 (A-G) ,1067(A-0) ,1068-1074,1076(A) ,1077,1079,1081-1089,1091,1092,
1094-1096,1099(B,C) ,1100-1106,1108,1111,1114,1117,1119(A,B) ,1120(A-C),
1121 (A, B) ,1122 (A-D) , ll24 (A-F) , ll25 (A-D) , ll26 (A-J) , ll27 ,1128, ll29 (A-I) ,1132,1133,1134(A,B) ,1147,1149,1158(A-C),1163(A-D)
Publications in Geological Sciences, University of California.

(Berkeley)

24 (1-13) (1936) ,25 (1- 3,5- 8) ,26 (2) ,27 (2,5,8) ,28 (1-13) , 29 (1- 9) ,30 (1, 3- 6) ,31, 32 (1,4- 6) , 33, 34 (2, 5 , 6) , 35, 36 (1- 3, 6- 8) , 37 (1- 3) , 38- 40 ,41 (2, 3) , 42, 44103,105-108,110-116,118,119(1978)
Publication. The University of Texas.

(Austin)

3801(1938) ,3818,3945,4246,

4301,4329,4401,4824,4915,5015,5019,5020,5116,5305,5605,5607,5704,5716,
5724,5905,5910,5924,6005,6120,6210,6304,6413,6711(1967)
Records of the South Australian Museum.

(Adelaide)1(1918)-18(1) (1980)

Report. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Department of
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(Canberra)11(1954),

13,20,25,38,47,54,69,91(1964)
Report of Investigations. Bureau of Economic Geology, the University ofTexas.

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3 (1949) -88 (1977) [35,66,68,73]

Researches of the Nasiona1e Museum, Bloemfontein.

(Bloemfontein)1(1-12)(1952/1962),2 (1-11) (1962/1973)
Revista Geologia de Chile.

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1 (1974)-6 (1978)

Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geo1ogicznego
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46(4)](Krakow)[Anna1es de la Societe Geolo-

18 (1949) -49 (1979) [30 (4),31 (1),43 (4),44 (4) ,9Rozpravy Ustredniho Ustavu Geologickeho.

(Praha)Sbornik Geologickych ved Rada P. Paleontologie.

i=j:IlJilf3f!!F.

Senckenbergiana Lethaea.

11(1969)-14(1971):ftl:l~f3f!!F.

(Peking)(Peking)

17 (1974)-22 (1979) [18 (2)]Scientia Geologica Sinica
Scientia Sinica

32 (1965) -44 (1977)(Praha)(Frankfurt am Main)

1974 (1974) -1979 (1979)
32 (1951/1952) -59 (1978) [37(1, 2) , 38 (3, 4) , 49 (1) , 58 (6) ]Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences. (Washington D. C.)

1(1969),8,12,14,15,18-20(1976)
Smi thsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. (Washington D. C.)

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Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology.

(Washington D. C.)

6(1969) ,76,78,206n-;rashington D. C.)

117(18) (1952) ,119

(1975)
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection.

(2,3) ,121(1,9-12) ,122(7,10) ,123(7) ,124,127(1,2) ,128(7,8) ,131(4,6-8) ,134
(4, 8) ,135 (3, 9) ,136 (1) ,139 (5, 7) ,140 (5) , 144 (1, 3) ,145 (5, 8) ,148 ( 3 , 5 , 6 , 9) ,149 (1- 4, 6, 7, 9 , 10) , 151 (1,9) ,152 (1, 2, 4) , 153 (1, 2) (196 8)
Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai. Ser. Geologia-Geographia.

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1962(1,2) ,1963(1,2)
Studii si Cercetari de Geologie, Academia Republicii Populare Romine. Secta
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8(3,4) (1963)

Summary of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.

(London)1954(1954)-1963(1963)
1969 symposium, North American Paleontological Convention.

(Lawrence)A(1970) ,C-F,L(1971)
Trabajos de Geologia. Fac.de Ciencias, Univ.de Oviedo.

(Oviedo)1(1967)-10 (1978) [3]Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History.

(San Diego)5(4(1927) ,6,9,12,16,17,20) ,6(2,4,25) ,7(4,8,10,19,20,22) ,8(8,9,15,24,2830),9 (10) (1939)
Trudy Paleontologicheskovo Instituta [Transactions of Paleontological Institute].

(Moscow)

7 (2,3) (1937),8 (2,4) ,10 (1,3),11 (1,4),13 (1-3) ,14 (1,3),

15(1-3) ,17(1,2) ,18-25,27,28,30,34-36,39,41,44,45,47-49,52,54-56,58,59,
62,64,65,67-71,73-76,78-96,99,101-104,106,107,118,121-125,128,130-136,
139,141,143-146,151,155(1976)
Trudy Vsesoyuznovo Navchno-Issledovateliskovo Geologicheskovo Instituta(VNIGRI)[Transactions of All Sovien Union Scientific Investigation

Geological Institute].

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149(1960) ,152,156,160,172,177,180,

185,189,191,193,231,234,236,237,242,282-284(1970)
Vertebrata Palasiatica.

[5*HEmnWJ-§".[5A~.

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1 (1957) -18 (1) (1980) [10(3,4) ,11 (3,4) ,12 (2,3) ]Voprosui Mikropaleontologii(1962)-22(1979) [14][Problems of r1icropaleontology].

(Moscow)6

10

zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften.

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1(1971/1972)-8(1979)