a -lt"~i.~*~~.:k· i~f

Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 51

Palaeontological Society of japan
Sept. lOth, 1963

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

452.
453.

Trigonioides from the Late Mesozoic Tetori Group, Central japan ..... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shiro MAEDA

79

Some Lower Ordovician Trilobites from Franklin Mountains, Texas ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chung- Hung Hu

86454. Pseudamiantis, a Pelecypod Genus .................... Yasuhide IwASAKI
91'155. Upper Carboniferous Fusulinids from the Nakahata Formation of thellida Massif-With Special Reference to Fusulinids Similar to Fustt·
linella pseudobocki (LEE and CHEN) .................. Kunihiro ISHIZAKI 102
456. Significance of the Variation of Fossil Batillaria cumingi (CROSSE) from
Quaternary Deposits of South Kanto, japan ............ joji NAGASAWA

115

Pollenformen aus den llitomaru-Schichten in der Yuya-Wan Gegend ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

120

PROCEEDINGS................................................................

128

457.

President : Teiichi KOBA YASH!
Councillors: Kiyoshi ASANO (Editor of "Fossils"), Riuji ENDO, Haruyoshi FUJI!\IOTO,
Shoshiro HANZAWA, Tetsuro I-lANAI (Secretary), Wataru HASHIMOTO (Treasurer).
Kotara HATAI, lchiro IIAYASAKA. Hiroshi OZAKI (Planning), Teiichi KOBAYASHI,
Tatsuro i\lATSUMOTO (Editor of Special Publications), Masao MINATO, Tokio
SHIKAMA (~lembership), Fuyuji TAKA! (Editor), Ryuzo TORIYAMA
Assistant Secretary : Takeo ICHIKAwA

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, japan

Trans. Proc. Palacot. Soc. Japan, N. S.. No. 51. pp. 79-85, pl. 12, Sept. 10. 1963

-152.

TRIGO.VIOIDES FRO).I THE LATE l\IESOZOICTETORI GROUP. CENTRAL JAPAN*
SHIRO !\1AEDA
Geological Institute, Chiba University

t1Z!Wrl'-* ftTII.:.i11"1tlfi!E Trigrmioides : Trigonioides (;t '¥JliJi.j1jf·(-l;t T fl!~l.'! !fii;f,C~:T:· !lff)~j
ftkl7)1fl'i RlJil, l?fi*t.:~m ~;tt, ·n, t.ct 'a .::. it.a-ftl!W L. t..:f,J;W: . .:C7.t.J?(;t T. kodairai >.:.;i!i(!J.Q) 2 t;lff'iJl-c. T. leloriensis .!:: T. kitadaniensis .!:: 1ftrti
L.. ~:. :::.j~Jfit Lf..:olJii Efl l1.l.J J:!r,
1Jflfll7)~1::ft-1Lfl'1:;:.17).7_,_ilfWI n~?.'lll?h.

Trixonioides flitadaniensis :tiLu:oA, n. sp.

Introduction

Nine species of J>/icatozmio and fiveof Nippononaia have been described.
Trigonioides was studied by KOBAYASHI
and SUZUKI (1936, 19-10. 19-11), HOFFET(1937). !'viA TSU:\!OTO (1938). Suzt:KI (19-13.
19-19), Cox (1955). Ko!IA YASIII ( 1956) and0TA ( 1959) ; Plica!ott11io by KOBAYASHI
and SUZUKI (1936), I loFFET (1937). YABE
and HAYASHI (1938), SUZUKI (19-13. 19-19\,
KOBAYASHI (1956), 0TA (1959). HASE
(1960) and the writer (1962). and Nippono·uaia by SUZUKI (19-11. 1943. 1949). KoBAYASHI (1956). REESIDE (1957), 0TA (1959),
HASE (1960) and the writer. The important criteria for the classification ofthese genera are the hinge character andsurface ornamentation as discussed indetail by KOBAYASIII (1936). The rela·tionships among these genera are sum·
marized as follows :1) The surface ornament of Trigonioides is very similar to that of Nippommaia, but the former differs fromthe !alter in hinge structure, namely inthe presence of a median tooth and the
aspect of crenulation.
2) The hinge nature of Nippononaia
is most related to that of Plicatormio,
but the former is characterized by the

Trigrmioides. Plir:atounio and Nippononaia are all important genera in the
non-marine Cretaceous fauna of Eastern
Asia, and arc widely distributed in Indochina. North China. Korea and Japan.
They have the characteristic V-shaped
sculpture or radial plication. It is interesting that ;.Yipprmollaia was found fromthe Lower Cretaceous non-marine formation of the Pacific side of i\orth America by REESIDE (1957). Now ten speciesof Trigonioides including the two new
species from the Telori group are known
in Eastern Asia as follows:
Trigonioides lwdairai KoBAYASHI and SL'·ZCKI. 1936
Trigonioides lwbay!lslli 1-IOFFET. 1937
Trigonioides laolia,· HoFFET. 1937
Trigonioides lrigonus HoFFET, 1937
Trigonioides dil'ersi.-ostatus HoFFET, 1937
Trigonioides paurisu/catus St:zt;KI, 19-10
Trigonioides ma/sumoloi KollA YASIII and
SuzuKI.

19H

Trigonioides paucisulcatus suzuki OT,\, 1959
Trigonioides teloriGttsis MAEDA. n. sp.
• Recei\'ed july 17, 1962: read at Slst
Ivlcciing of the Palaeontological Society on
3rd june. 1962 at Kumamoto.

79

80

Shim JIAED.-l

V-shaped sculpture. and the latter byradial plication.
3) Trigonioides is distinguishable
from Plicatomzio by hinge nature andornamentation.
The two new species of Trigoninides
from the Tetori group and T. lwdairaifrom the Lower Cretaceous NaktongWakino series are closely allied to one
another, but the former two differ fromthe latter by broad and deep grooves
and the number of ribs on the anterior
half of the disk.
Brief notes are giYen in this paperon the mode of occurrence of TriJ.Ionioides
tetnriensis and T. kitadauieusis.
The writer expresses his sincere
thanks to Emeritus Prof. T. KoBA Y ASH!
of the Universitr of Tokyo for his \·aluable advices. to Dr. I. IIA YA~Il of Krushu University. Dr. SUZl!KI of the Research Institute for Natural Resources
and Dr. Y. 0TA of the Fukuoka University for helpful suggestions.
Occurrence
Trigonioides was found from theLower Cretaceous Kitadani alternationof the Akaiwa subgroup. but no occurrence has hitherto been known fromany other formation of the group. On
account of the sedimentary facies prime
importance for the alternation is thepresence of reddish or greenish tuffaceous rock closely resembling the Lower
Cretaceous Inkstone of Chugoku region
in ·west japan. The heavy minerals of
the alternation, characterized by brown
tourmalines. hyacinth. reddish and colourless zircons, garnet. biotite and so on,
are presumed to have been derived fromthe Hida gneiss produced by the Akiyoshi orogeny. Thus Trigoninides together with Plicatounio. 1\lakamuranaia andVh•iparus have lived in such an environ-ment as a lake or a lagoon surrounded by
the land of the Hida gneiss. Because
the climate was warm temperate (KoB_-\YASHI, 1942) and land plants flourishedat that time, these non-marine molluscs
occur together with many plant remains(1\IAEDA, 1958). Among these molluscs
Trigouioides occurs in arkosic sandstone,
Plicatnunio in arkosic sandstone or sandy
shale. Nakamuranaia and Vivipams in
micaceous black shale. It is a generaltendency for these molluscs to be contained abundantly in shaly facies andrarely in sandstone facies. Shells of
Trigonioides form thin fossiliferous lenses
in which opened valves are most common
while separate valves are uncommon
and closl:d ones rare. These valves aresettled irregularly on the bedding planewith their conca,-e side downward. From
the above stated occurrences it is presumed that Trigonioides was not buriedin situ at its habitat but it is probably
embedded at places not far from thehabitat. The water current was presumably not strong.
Systematic description
Family Trigonioidae Cox. 1952
Genus Trigonioides KoB,\ YASHI
and SUZUKI. 19361936.

Tri~-:o11iaides, KoBAYASHI and Sczt:KI,
Japan. ]our. Geo/. Geogr.. Vol. 13, p.

2-18.
Tri~:onioides. HoFFET, Bull. du Sen•.
(;eo/. de L'ludochine, Vol. 24. p. 8.
1938. Tri~-:rmioides. !viATSU:\IOTO. jour. Geot.
Sac. japan. Vol. 45. p. 15.
19,10. Triwmioides, Sl:ZVKI. japan. ]our. Geal.
Geogr .. Vol. 17. p. 228.
19H. Trigonioides, KonAYASIII and Sczt:KI.
Bull. Geol. Just. !l/anciloukuo, No. 101,
p. 78.
1955. Trigonioides. Cox. Geol. Mag., Vol. 92,

1937.

452.

Trigonioicles from the Tetori Group

p. :l•lf\.

Trigrmioidcs, Kon,\Y.\SHI. japan. jour.
Geol. Geogr., Vol. 27. p. 80.
1959. Tri~mzioidt•s, OT.-\, Trans. Palaeont. Soc.
japan . .V. 8 .. cVo. 3-1. p. 100.

1956.

Diagnosis .·-Shell medium, usually sub·trapezoidal. ovate or subtrigonal in
outline. moderately convex. subequilate·ral. rounded near the anterior end. sub·quadrate in posterior: test thick. Umbo
prominent. incurved. generally prosogy·
rous or orthogyrous, ligament externaL
Surface marked by V ·shaped ribs andweak concentric growth lines. Posteriorridge distinct. Hinge well deyeloped:
principal teeth three on each Yalve anda bifid median tooth on the each valve:a simple median one on the left : crenu·
lation of the teeth distinct. Pallial line
simple. Inner surface smooth or orna·
mented: ventral margin clearly crenu·
Ia tee!.
1)·pe species:- Trigouioides kodairai Ko·
HAYASHI and SUZUKI. 1936.
Remark~ :-Since this genus had been
established in 1936 by KoRA YASiil and
Sl1ZL'KI. the shells belonging to thisgenus were report<::d by HoFFET (1937),
l\L\TsUMOT<> ll938J. Suzt:KI ( 19~9;, 1\.oBAYASIII and SUZUKI (19-ll), SAKAGUCHI
119•13' and OTA (1959) from several local·
ities. The classificarion of this genus
has been repeatedly discussed. SUZUKI· 19401 pointed out that HoFFET's form
differs from the Koreo-Japanese ones byha,·ing small median cardinal teeth. Cox·J952, stated that Trigonioides belongs
probably to the Unionacea, instead of
the Trigoniacea judging from the hinge
structure. Recently KOBA YASIII (1956)
confirmed some remarkable facts by thefurther investigation of Trigouioides andits allied forms as follows:
1) Triwmioides has " a
few sub·
umbonal or median small teeth."2) "Ilojfelriwmia St:ZUKI, 19H is syno·81

nymous with Trigonioides KoBA YASIII
and SUZUKI. 1936."
3) " Because the regular vertical ere·nutation of these teeth is the mostdistinct speciality of the Trigon ian teeth.
Trigollioidcs is considered to be an off·shoot from the Trigoniacea. if not of the
Trigoniidae. s. str. It represents an in·
dependent family of the Trigoniacea forwhich the Trigonioididae are accepted."
As a study in further detail 0TA(1959\ arrived at the same conclusion as
KOBA YASH!'s. The shell-outline is variable. but mostly subtrapezoidal. O\'atc
or subtrigonal and the elliptical form is
uncommon. This genus is generally in·equilateral or subequilateral, but it com·prises such an equilateral form as triJ.[o;ws from the Senonian in Lower Laos.
The umbo of the genus is mostly prosogyrous or orthogyrous, but it happens
to be opisthogyrous as in the Laos species. It is a remarkable fact that theLaos species is extraordinarily variablein the outline of shell and umbonal aspects if compared with other species.
Distribuliu11 :-Limnic and paralic faciesof the Cretaceous system in Eastern
Asia: Talatzu series in Southeastern
tvlanchuria; Cretaceous formation at
Sanhsing in Eastern l'danchuria; Keishu
or Kyongji formation, Siragi series andShinshu or Chinju formation, Naktong
series in South Korea: Tetori group inCentral Japan: Wakino group in I\orth·ern Kyushu: Goshonoura group in the
Amakusa Island, Kyushu; Senonian formation of .Muong Phalane, in Lower
Laos.

Trigonioides tetoriensis MAEDA, n. sp.
Pl. 12, figs. 1-9.

Description .-Shell small in size, sub·trigonal in outline, about 1.5 times as82

Shiro MAE!J.4

long as high, inequilateral, relatively
short and broadly rounded in front. pro·longed and subpointed behind. well inflated: test rather thick. Postero-clorsal
margin long. nearly straight or gently
curved. oblique to ventral. graduallysloping into posterior margin: posterior
margin weakly curved. truncated andthen bent forward into ventral margin
with acute angle near the base-line;
Yentral margin long. broadly arched.
graduallr going over into anterior margin which is well rounded; antero-dorsal
margin short. obliquely sloping andweakly arched. Cmbo prominent. incun·ed and directed forward. projected
above the hinge-margin and placed ata point about one-third of the length of
the shell measured from the anterior
extremity. Posterior ridge distinct. extended from the umbo to the postcroventral corner; posterior area narrowand lanceolatc. Surface ornamented withconcentric wrinkles and many radialribs forming acute Vs: radial ribs inanterior half of disk fine. narrowly

spaced and counted about 15, but ribsin posterior half strong, widely spaced
and about 10; ribs on the antero-dorsal
area very fine and branching off downwards from anterior weak ridge: ribson the posterior area strong and bran·ching off from posterior ridge to posterodorsal and posterior margins: concentricwrinkles somewhat strong and irregularly spaced. Hinge teeth well de\'eloped.
characteristic of the genus;(5a)*

3a la lb 3b
4a 2a V ---zl) l1J4a along hinge margin. fairly strong andregularly crenulated on lower side. but
the crenulation on the upper side is unknown. 2a strong. crenulated on bothsides. and oblique to hinge margin with
about 30". 1' short. crenulatccl on bothsides. and oblique to hinge margin ,about60" ). Zb fairly long, parallel to hinge
margin. regularly crenulated on bothsides, the crenulal.ion on the lower sidesomewhat 11ne and ill-developed. whereas
on the upper side fairly strong and welldeveloped. clb lamellar. long and crenulaled only on the lower side.
Anterior adductor scars subovate inoutline. fainly impressed; posterior one
nearly equal to anterior and indistinct.
Pallial line simple. Inner side of the* 5a is not obser\'able because of illpreser\' at ion.

Trigrmioides fetoriensis

JIJeasurements :--=-_:::

Rg. number

Vain:

LengthHeight,..._=----=

Width--------9

R. 61121701(I-Ioloty JH')

Left

33+

24

R. 61121702
R. 6112170:!
R. 6112170,1
R. 61121705
R. 61121706

Left
Right
!.eft. Right
Right
Left

::!6

21
z,t

9

27+
32+

23

17

30+

22
21

li-f·

30

9

:;+

45:!.

"f'I'I.[}Onioides .from. theshell ornamented by V -shaped radialribs: and ventral margin distinctly ere·nulated.
Comparison:- ::'vlost specimens are
more or less imperfect and often strong·ly deformed by rock pressure. The
principal teeth on each valve are wellpreserved. but a median tooth below theumbo is ill-preserved. Of the hinge
structure it is an interesting fact thatthe posterior principal tooth is fairly
longer than the anterior one.
This new species resembles Trigonioides kodairai KoBA Y.\SHI and SuZUKI(1936. 19-U) in general aspect. but it iseasily distinguishable therefrom by an·
teriorly situated umbo, density of ribson the antero·half disk and widely
spaced grooves on l he postcro· half cl isk.
It is also related to Trigonioides lwbaya·
shi llOFFET (l937l from ;-.·Iuong Phalane
in Indochina, but can be distinguishedfrom this species by the sculpture andoutline. The sculpture of l his species
is fairly similar to that of :Vippononaia
ryosekiana SUZUKI ( 19-11 J and N. asi11arirt
REESIDE (1957:. but the two genera aredifferent in the hinge structure.
Occurrent.'e :-1\.itadani alternation of
the Akaiwa subgroup. the upper divisionof the Tetori group: a point on theright bank of the l\akanomata River,north of Sugiyama. Kitadani Village,
Fukui Prefecture.

Trigonioides kitadaniensis MAEDA. n. sp.
Pl. 12. figs. 10-16.

DPscription :-Shell small in size, ovate
or subtrapezoidal in outline. nearly
as long as high. subequilateral, gently
rounded in front, subtruncated behind,well inflated; test more or less thick.
Postero-dorsal margin relati\·ely short,nearly straight, oblique to ventral, gra-

1'etori (;I'OU.p

83

dually sloping into posterior marginwhich is gently curved. truncated andbent into ventral margin with acuteangle near the base· line; ,·entral margin
long. broadly arched and slightly sinuated in middle. gradually transmitting
into anterior margin which is wellrounded: antero·dorsal margin short,obliquely sloping and weakly curved.
Umbo prominent. opisthogyrous. incur\·cd. placed at a point about two-fifths
kngth of the shell measured from theanterior. extremity and fairly projected
above the hinge line. Posterior ridge
well marked. especially distinct in thecarl ier stage but somewhat obtuse in thelater. Posterior area narrowly trian·
gular. Surface ornamented with radialribs. crossed by concentric wrinkles;
several ribs in miudle converged to form
acute Vs on a line through umbo: radialribs in anterior half of disk fine. especially so and narrowly spaced towards
the anterior end. and counted about 19,
but the ribs in posterior half fairly
strong, widely spaced and counted about
9; ribs on the antero-dorsal area veryfine and branching off downwards fromanterior weak ridge to antero·dorsal andanterior margins: ribs on the posteriorarea as strong as those in posterior halfof disk and branching off from posteriorridge to postero-dorsal and posterior
margins: concentric wrinkles obtuse andunequally spaced.
Hinge well de\'e·loped;
5a 3a la lb 3b- 4a 2a- r-zb(4b)*'la along hinge margin. strong and ere·nulated. 2a short. strong. crenulated on
both sides. and oblique to hinge margin(about 30" ). 1' short. crenulated on
posterior side, but invisible on anterior• ·lb is not obsen·able on the ill-preserved
specimens.

84

Shiro M.-lEDA

side by ill-preservation. 2b long andcrenulated. Anterior adductor scars sub·ovate in outline, indistinct;
one nearly equal to anterior.

posterior

111easurement :Rg. number

ValYe

LengthHeightWidth

R 61121711

Right
Right
Right, Left
Left
Right
Left

36

18

32

20

8
7
lei

R. 61121712
R. 61121713
R. 61121714
R. 61121715
R. 6ll21716(Holotype)Comparison:- The radial ribs andshell-outline of this species closely re·semble those of T. lwdairai, especially
KoBAYASHI and SuzcKI's form from the
Naktong series in South Korea (19361.
but the former differs from the latterby the anteriorly situated umbo, deep

30

:!0

27+

22

26
25

19

7
6

18

5

and somewhat broadly spaced grooves
in the posterior half of the disk andthe number of ribs. This new species
is also related to T. tetoriensis from thesame locality, but the former is easily
distinguishable from the latter by theoutline of the shell and the number ofExplanation of Plate 12
Trigonioides leloriensis ::\lAED,\, n. sp ................................................... Page 81
Fig. 1. l\lodeling cast of left ,·a)\·e. paratype (R. 61121706). xl.5
Fig. 2. Posterior view of the preceding specimen. x l.,';Fig. 3. Anterior view of the preceding specimen. X 1.8
Fig. 4. Modeling cast of right vah·e. pan1type (R. 61121705). x 1.5
Fig. 5. Umbonal view of 1 he preceding st>ecimen. X 1.5
Fig. 6. Internal mould of the hnlotype (R 611~1701). xl1.5
Fig. 7. Umbonal view of the holotype. x2.0
Fig. 8. Internal mould of left valve, paratype (R. 61121702). xl.5
Fig. 9. Internal mould of the paratrpe (R. 6112170,1). xl.5
Trigo11ioides kitadaniensis MAF.T>.\, n. sp ............................................... Page 83
Fig. 10. Clay cast of left vain·. holotype (R. 61121716). x 15
Fig. 11. Posterior view of holotype. X IS
Fig. 12. Internal mould of para type (R. 61121713). X 1.5
Fig. 1:~. Clay cast of right valve, paratype (R. 61121712). X 1.0
Fig. l·l. Internal mould of imperfct:t left valve, paral.ype (R. 61121714). X 1.5
Fig. 15. Umbonal view of the preceding specimen. X 1.2
Fig. 16. Internal mould of right ,·alve. paratype. x 1.5
All of the illustrated specimens are kept in the Institute of Geology, College of Arts andSciences, Chiba Uni\·ersity. Chiba. Locality: Kiradani alternation of sandstone, shale andtuffaceous rock in the Akaiwa subgroup, the upper division of the Tetori group, in Kitadani·
village, Ono county. Fukui Prefecture.

MAEDA:

Trigonioides from the Tetori Group

Plate 12452.

T)·iuonioides from. the 'l'etori G1·oup

ribs. Though Nippononaia ryosekiana
by SUZUKI in 1941 from the Ryosekigroup and .V. tetoriensis by the writer(1962! from the ltoshiro subgroup, themiddle division of the Tetori group,
show some resemblances to this new
species in sculpture. this differs fromthe others by the hinge nature and shelloutline.
Occurrence :-Rarely occurs with T.
tetoriensis in the Kitadani alternation of
the Akaiwa subgroup. the upper divisionof the Tetori group: a point on the rightbank of the Nakanomata River. northof Sugiyama. Kitadani Village. foukui
Prefecture.
References
Cox. L. R. (195•1) : Notes on the Trigoniidae.
with Outline of a Classification of the
Family. Proc. Jlal. Soc. London. Vol. 29.
Pts. 2 & 3.
- - (1955): On the Affinity of Trigonioides
and Hoffetrigonia. Geol. Jlag., Vol. 92.
HOFFET. j. H. (1937a): Sur le Genre Trigo·
uioides. i\Iutation genetique stable deGenre Trigonia. C. R. des $eances deI' .'lead. des Sci. Paris. I 937.
- - (l937b): Les Lamellibranchis sauma·
tres du Muong Phalanc (Bas-Laos). Bull.
Sen·. Geol. l'lndochine. Vol. 2·1.
KoBAYASHI. T. (195-l): Studies on the Juras·
sic Trigonian in japan. Pt. I. Preliminary::\otes. ]ap:m. four. Geol. Geogr .. Vol. 25,
Sos. 1-285- - (1956): On the Dentition of Trigonioi·
des and its Relation to Similar Pelecypod
Genera. Ibid .. Vol. 27. No. 1.
- - and MoRJ. K. (1955) : The Vaugoniinae
from the Kitakami J\lountains in North
Japan. On the Jurassic Trigonians injapan, Pt. 3. Ibid .. Vol. 26. Nos. 1-2.
- - and St:Zt:KI, K. (1936)::1\on-marine
Shell of the Naktong-Wakino Series. ibid ..
Vol. 13.
- - and - - (1941) : On the Occurrence ofTrigonioides in Southeastern l\Ianchoukuo.
Bull. Geol. !nsf. 11fa11clzoukuo. No. 10 I.
MATSUMOTO. T. (1938) : Geology of the Goshonoura Island. Amakusa. with special
Reference to the Cretaceous Stratigraphy.
four. Geo/. Soc. Japan, Fo/ . .J5.
- - et al. (195-1) : The Cretaceous Systemin the japanese Island,;. japan. Soc. Pro·
motion Sci. Research. Tokyo.
REESIDE, ]. B. (1957): Non-marine PelecrPod(Nipjmnrmaia asinaria) from the Lower
Cretaceous of Colorado. four. Pal.. Vol.
31. No. 3.
SuzuKI, K. (1940) : :~\on-marine Molluscan
Faunule of the Siragi Series in South
Tyosen. Japan. four. c;pol. Geogr .. Jiol. 17.
- - (19·11) : A new naiad. Unio (Nipponi·naia) ryosel~iana. n. subgen. and n. sp.
from the Lower Cretaceous of japan.
four. Geol. Soc. fajxm, Vol. 48.
- - (1943) : Restudy on the Non-l\Iarine
Molluscan Fauna of the Rakuto Seriesin Keisho-do. Korea. jour. Shigen Kagaku Kenk.ru-Siw. Vol. 1. "\io. 2.
- - (1949) : Development of the Fossil :-\onMarine l\Iolluscan Faunas in Eastern
Asia. Japan. jour. Geol. Geogr .. Fol. 21.

------------ ·-Amakusa Island;R.. 1i'( 8:i
Kitadani Village:It .fr t.t
i\'akanomata River l'jl/~Jll
Ono County*-. !l'f ~UISugiyama;f3.
Jll

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., ~o. 51. pp. 86-90, pl. 13. Sept. 10, 1963-!53.

SOJ\IE LOWER ORDOVICIA~ TRILOBITES FlW.M
FRANKLIN l\IOUNTAINS. TEXAS*CHUNG-HCNG HU

X M. Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro. New Mexico

the formation into fh·e units as A, Bl,
B2a. B2b and C. It oYerlies the Blisssandstone (Orcl. ?) and is overlain by
the 1\•lontova group of Cpper Ordovician
age. The- m;terials described in thisreport were collected from two different
localities: Locality :"Jo. 1, is down fromthe Telescope posttton about 80 m.,
along the left side of the Scenic Drive,in calareous shales in unit 5 of FLoWER(1953): Locality :'-Jo. 2. is in unit 2 of
FLOWER (1953), in the low cliff approximately 15m. above the Telescope position. All of these localities may belocated in the middle part of B2b andIov,;er part of l3~a of CLOUD and BAR!'\ES'
divisions. The lithologic and the paleontologic studies of this two localities
listed as follows:

Introduction

The materials of this small reportwere collected from the Franklin l\Ioun·tains. El Paso. Texas. In the spring of
1958. Drs. G. liE:'\NI:-JGS:\'IOE~. C. L. BALK
and the writer had a chance to visit
this area for a few hours. The Lower
Ordovician El Palso limestone crops out
along the road side of the Scenic Drive,at the south end of the Franklin Mountains. The Franklin ~lountains containa Yery important stratigraphic andpaleontologic Lower Paleozoic section
for the southern part of the UnitedStates.
Edwin KIRK (19~1). P. E. CLOUD, Jr. and
V. E. BAR:'\ES (1946). and R. I I. FLOWER(1953) have made detailed stratigraphic
studies in this section. The total thickness of this section. from their measurements, is about 1590 feet: but there may
be slight variations in differcut positions
as Dr. FLOWER points out. Lithologicallythe formation contains limestone, dolomites and thin layers of dolomitic sandstone. CLoUD and BAR:\ES (19~6) divided----·--* Received Aug. 15. 1962: read Sept. 29.

Loc. ?\o. ~. Dark gray sandy limestone,
about one foot in thickness, has abundantfossils.
A/~tmileus latus 1-It:. n. gen. et sp.
lsoleloides frauklinellsis 1-lu, n. sp.
Ptyocephalus declit•altts (Ross)
Grmiote!i11a cf. G. brighli (Ilt:"TZE)
Loc. :\o. 1. Dark colored calcareous shale,
about one foot in thickness. <:ontains fossil
fragments.
J'tyoceplza/us sp.
J'rotopliomerl'!la coutracta (Ross)

1962.

86

458.

1'1·i/obites from F1·anklin i\!Iountains. Texas

Of the geologic age of this formation.
Dr. FLOWER states (1953) ... The El Paso
extends throughout the Canadian interval. The basal beds are known to beequivalent of the Tanyard and Gasconade, the highest beds are the equivalent of the mack Rock of l\lissouri
and the Odenville of Alabama." In thisreport. the fauna of loc. No. 1. correlateswith Ross· (1951) and HI:'HZE's (1952)
Zone G-2 of the Garden City formationof NE. Ctah. and the Pogonip formationof W. Utah and E. Nevada. The faunafrom loc. No. 2. is certainly correlatedwith Ross' and HI'-:TZE's Zone J. in thesame formations and localities as above.
Acknowledgments:- The writer isgreally indebted to Dr. C. L. BALK. theprofessor of N. Tv!. Institute of Mining
and Technology. for her supervision.
Thanks to Dr. T. P. K£, the professorof Taiwan Normal University, for his
personal help during my stay in Taiwan.
China. doing this work in 1960.
Systematic Descriptions
Genus -"lPonileus Hu. n. gen.

Description :-Cranidium is largely occupied by the glabella, which is strongly
expanded and convex in the anterior.
without anterior brim.
Eye locatedbackward from the middle line of the
cranidium. with broad palpebral lobe.
Glabellar furrows faint. Occipital anddorsal furrows are rather wide andshallow. Posterior lateral lobes are
narrow and slender.
Free cheek is strongly convex andnarrow, w ilh rounded spineless genal
angle.
Associated pygidium is approximately
semicircular in outline and convex: surface smooth or finely impressed by dorsal
and pleural furrows. No marginal spine87

or pygidal spine.
Surface is smooth or covered by wrinkles.
Comparison :-This genus is most like
Nileus. but the glabella seems to be
wider at both ends than the middle,
while in Nileus it is broad and of thesame width throughout. The posterior
lateral lobes are larger. The pygidium
has a less prominent axis.
Type species .·-Apo11ileus latus Hu. n. sp.

.4ponileus latus Hu. n. gen. ct. sp.
Pl. 13. figs. 27-31

Barrandia? sp. H!l'TZE. 1952. p. 137. pl. 26,
figs. 15, 16.

Description :-This species is represented by several incomplete cranidia,
free cheeks. and a few well preserYedpygidia. found at locality No. 2 The
cranidium is convex and strongly expanded anteriorly. Glabella wider atthe both ends than in the middle. without or with very fine marked glabellar
furrows. Dorsal furrows are very shal·low, broad, and fine impressed. Occipital
furrow well defined. Frontal margin
curving down. somewhat abruptly infront, and surrounded by a fine marked
ridge.
Fixed cheek narrow. characterized bybroad, medium in height. and steeply
sloping palpebral lobes. Anterior facial
suture diagonal. cutting the fixed cheekwith a rounded angle. Posterior laterallobe rather slender.
Free cheek narrow. convex. marked
by a wire-like ridge along the lateral
margin, which becomes obsolete as it
rounds the genal angle. Eyes are largely
rounded.
Pygidium is semicircular in outline,
convex, with fairly defined axis. Pleuralfurrows are not obsei·ved. No pygidal

Chung-H;mg Hu

88

spine.
Surface marked by fine wrinkles along
the frontal margin of the cephalon andposterior margin of the pygidium.
Remarks :-HINTZE (1952) figured two
small and incomplete cranidia, which heassigned to WALCOTT's Barrandia? sp.
The cranidia show a shallow occipital
furrow and clearly defined dorsal furrows. and are very similar to the writer's
specimen in figure 30. They may quitepossibly represent immature forms ofthis species.
Holotype :-Cranidium. C. S. N. ~I. 143342
Para type :-Cranidium, C .S.N.l\1.143343a
Free cheek. U.S.N. ~1. 1433-13b
Pygidia. U. S. i\. \I. 1433l3c. dRemarlls :-This is a quite common
species at Joe. No. 2. The whole shieldseems larger than any other species
known at this locality. The largest
cranidium is about 2.3 em. in length(sag.), the pygidium about 2.1 em. in
length (sag.). and the free cheek about
3.5 em. long.
Holotype:-Cranidium, U.S.N.M.l-1334-1
Paratype:-Cranidium, U.S.N.~!. 1-!3345a
Pygidia. U.S.N. M. 143345b. c. dFree cheek, U.S.N. ~1. 143345f
Ilypostoma, U.S.N. M. 143345e

Genus Ptyocep!wlus \VHJTT!!\GTO:\', 1948
Ptyocep!wlus decliMfus (Ross)
Pl. 13. figs. 10-1·1

Genus !so!eloides R:\ Yi\IOND, 1910
Jsoleloide.'> jmnMinensis llu. n. sp.
Pl. 13. figs. 1-9

Diagnosis :-Cephalon and pygidium
are low. with flattened marginal border.
Dorsal furrow shallow. Glabella broad,low bul distinct, slightly expanded anteriorly and posteriorly. Eye situatedat about transverse mid-line of cephalon.
Palpebral lobe medium or small in size.
Free cheek flat and with a genal spineof medium length.
Hypostoma withbroadly rounded lateral margin. andbroad notch in posterior margin. Pygidium rounded to triangular in outline.
with well defined axis.
Comparison :-In general features. thisspecies closely resembles I. polaris Pour.so;-.; (in Hr~>:TZE. 1952), but some of theminor characteristics can be distinguished: the anterior facial sutures areslightly diagonal; the hypostoma wider
and shorter ; the pygidium somewhat
triangular in outline, while that of /.
polaris is rounded.

Kirkella dec/ilJita Ross. 1951. p. ~1, pl. 21. figs;
l-12. pl. 22. figs. 4. 5 and pl. 23, figs. 1-3.
Kirke!la declit•ita. H!KTZE, 1952, p. 183. pl. 15,
rigs. 3, 4. 9-12.

Remarks :-A few small and well preserved specimens were collected fromloc. No. 2. The largest cranidium isabout 6.2 mm. in length (sag.), and thepygidium about 4.5 mm. in length (sag.).
Ross (1951) and HINTZE (1952) figured
two incomplete cranidia. several free
cheeks and pygidia. In this paper thebest preserved cranidium is figured. The
specimens are all small.
Figured specimens :-Cranidia, U.S.!\ .l\L143346a. b
Pygidia. U.S.N. ~1. 1433-16c, dPtyocep!wlus sp.
Pl. 13. figs. 24-26

Remarks :-Several well preserved pygidia are found from locality No. 1. but
no cranidium and free cheek are known.
The pygidium is quadrangular in out-

458.

T1·ilobites from F1·anklin Mountains. Texas

89line. with a clearly defined axial lobe
and broad marginal rim. This looks
more like a species of Ptyocep/ialus thanA.Ttlacoparia or /lsaphellus. The speci·
mens of this unknown species are muchlarger than P. dedivatus.
Figured specimens :-Pygidia U.S.N. :t\t143347a, b

broader posterior lateral border. and thepygidinm deeply marked by two pairsof pleural furrows. and the posterior
axial furrow distinctly impressed.
Figured specimens :-Cranidia, U.S.N.M.
1433·18a, bFree cheek. U.S.N. M. 143348c
Pygidia, U.S.N. M. 143348d. eGenus Goniotelina WlliTTIKGTO!\. 1953

Genus Protopliomerella
HARRI::\GTOK, 1957

Gmziotelina cf. G. bri!!hti (l-h!\TZEI
Pl. 13. figs. 15-20

Go11iotelus briglzti lii:-o:TzE, 1952. p. 158,'pl. 26.
tigs. 1.. 6.

Discussion :-This species is repre·
sented by quite a few cranidia. free
cheeks and pygidia, found at locality
I\o. 2. Unfortunitely, all of the speci·
mens are partly broken. so that someof the minor features can not be wellc-ompared with HINTZE's figures !1952).
H!i\TZE (1952) has put this species in
the genus of Gmziotelus, because " theterminal spine is an extension of thepleural platform and brim. not of theaxis as in Fleutherocentrus" i.e. Gonia·
telina. The general features of Gonia·
telus as compared to those of Goniote!ina
are; (1) the eye lobe is smaller andsituated a little forward. (2) the glabella
is expanding forward with distinct !at·era! furrows. (3) the pygidium has ashorter and more slender pygidal spine,{4) the occular platform of the free
cheek is narrower. These characteristics
are quite easily distinguished between
these two genera. As a result. thewriter would like to propose that Hil\·
TZE's species should be placed in Gonia·
teliua rather than in Gouiotelus.
Goniotelina cf. G. brighti differs fromthe Lype species G. williamsi in having
slightly more forward palpebral lobes,

Pmtop!iomerella cotztrac/a (Ross)
Pl. 13. figs. 21-23

Protop!iomerops cmztracta Ross. 1951. p. 136.
pl. 33, figs. 15-19.
Protop!iomerops aff. contract a Ross in HI:-o;TzE.
1952. p. 207. pl. 22, figs. 11, 18-20
Protop!iomerella contmcta (Ross). liARRI:\G·
Toe; in MooRE 1959. p. 443. ligs. 4a-c.

Remarks :-This species is represented
by a few poorly preserved specimens
found at locality No. 1. All of the fea·tures are most similar to those of P.
contracta (Ross). 1-lo\\'ever. the glabella
appears slightly subquadrangular in out·
line. and not as in Ross· or HINTZE's
specimens with a truncato·concial shape.
but this might be due to deformation.
The associated pygidium has a weath·
ered surface. but does show the samefeature.
Figuaed specimens:- Cranidium, U.S.
N. rvl. 143349a
Pygidium, U.S.N. M. 143349b
References
CLoUD. E. Jr. and BARl"IoS. V. E. (1946): The

Ellenburger Group of Central Texas.
Unit•. Tex. Pub! .. So. 4621.
FLow~:R. R. H. (1953) : New l\·lexico Geol. Soc.
"Fourth field Conference". p. 11-17. Newl'.Jexico &eo!. Soc .. Guidebook, Soutlt-Trestem
New 1llexico.

90

Clw.ny-Hun!J flU

H.]. (1957): Ordovician Trilobites of Argentina. Cniv. Ka11sas (Lowrenee). Dept. Geo/., Spec. Pub/., So. 1.
HINTZE. L. F. (1952): Lower Ordovician Trilobites from Western Utah and Eastern
Nevada. Uniz'. c_:talz .. Bull. 48.
KIRK, Edwin. (19~1): The Lower Ordovician
El Paso Limestone of Texas and its Correia! ivcs. Am. jour. Sci .. z•o!. 28. p .. f./8.
KoBAYASHI, T. (1955): The Ordovician Fos·
sils from Mckay Group in British Colum·
HARRI:"GTO:-i.

bia. \Vestern Canada, With a Xotc of
the Early Ordo\"ician Palaeogeography.
jour. Fac. Sci., Unh·. Tokyo. Sec. 2. z•ol. 9,
pf. 3.
Moor~ E. R. C. (1!159):
Treatise of Inverte·
hrate Paleontology, (0) Arthropoda 1.
Geol. Soc . .-lm .. [:nit•. Ka11sas Press.
Ross. 1~. j. Jr. (1951): Straigraphy of the
Garden City Formation in Northeastern
Utah and Its Trilobites Faunas. PeabodyMus. Sat. His/., Yale U11it• .. Bull. 6.

Explanation of Plate 13
Figs. 1-9. lsofe!oides fnmk!inensis Ilu. n. sp. From toe. No. 2.
1. Holotype. cranidium. x3.5, U.S.N. M. 14334,1
2. Paratype, cranidium. x2, U.S.N. M. 143345a
3, 5. Paratypes, dorsal views of three complete pygidia. x 1.4, X 2.7, x4. U.S. N.l\1. 143345b.
c. d
6. Para type. an incomplete hypostoma. x·L U.S.N. M. 1433·l5c
7. 8. Side views of 1 and 3
9. Paratype. a poorly preserved free cheek. x2.2. U.S.N. l\1. J,J33-!5f
Figs. 10-l,l. Ptyoceplwlus declil'lllus (Ross) From toe. No. 2.
10. A well prescr\'cd cranidium. x5. U.S. K lVI. J43:H6a
11. A broken cranidium. xG. U.S.N. M. 143346b
12. 13. Dorsal views of two complete pygidia. x35, x4.5, U.S . .:\. M. 1433·l6c. d
14. Side view of 10
Figs. 15-20. Goniotelina cf. G. bri;;hli (H1N rzE), From Joe. No. 2.
15.Hi. Dorsal views of two incomplete cranidia. x:~. U.S.N. M. l-B348a, b
17. Top view of a broken pygidium. x 5. U S. N. l'vl. 1433-!8d
18. Top view of a complete free checl;. x 5.5. C. S. N. M. 1-13348c
19. 20. Dorsal and side vil'WS of a pygidium. x2.S, U.S.N. M. 113348e
Figs. 21-23. Profop/iomere!la con/rae/a (Ross). From loc. No. I.
21. 22. Dorsal and side dews of a slightly deformed cranidium. x7, U.S. ,\'.l\•1. 1-13319a
23. Dorsal view of a poorly preserved pygidium. xI. U.S. '1\. l\I. 143349b
Figs. 24-26. Ptyoceplwlus sp. From Joe. No. I.
24. 25. Top views of two nearly complde pygidia. x2.5, U.S.N. M. l•J:{:~I7a. b
26. Side view of 24
Figs. 27-31. A.Jxmileus latus HI'. n. gen. et. sp. From toe. No. 2.
2.7. A broken free cheek, para type. x •l. U.S.N. l\1. 143343b
28. 29. Paratypes. dorsal views of two well prescn·ed pygiclia. x5. x3. U.S.N. M.
U33-13c. d
30. Paratype, top view of a poorly preserved craniclium. x6. C. S. K M. H3343a
31. llolotype. a broken cranidium. x2.7. U.S.N. M. 1-13342

Hu :Trilobites from Franklin Mountains , Texas

28

30

29

Plate 1331

Trans. Proc. Palaeont Soc. Japan, ~. S .. l\o. 51. pp. 91-101. pis. 14. 15, Sept. 10, 1963

454.

PSEUDAMJA.VTIS. A PELECYPOD GENUS*
YASUHIDE IWASAKI
Geological Institute. University of Tokyo

Pseudamiantis t :E: 5 cf!O) =ttJ=t : ~ =: ;lit!Q) Pi tar (.:.{r)."(, ~~lltil.::. .lixM~~;fu-t-7.>
Pseudamiantis /;; :rilll!!i!:1ili!Ub!i:C7) J..:~J~;I; >~? jl]ill\i'"Z> ::. c lt. iiffVC I) iJ· <iH?1;n l?:tL "( ~ ·Go fiJi'~ ~-::k~-JjWij;fFiJiJ.J~1lfJ t.:.~~i"Z>t;J!C:: V'C!t. ;.r,\!!,~c.:CO)'Jj1Jit.(pf.!l?h"'C/iP,IJ. fti
1!f!~ii·GC7)#1fli'i.::.i:t.. "?\,. ·:t=mt...t.:...:. cil:t.r,/Ju:d::., c.:. 6tJ:J'a:j!I'Jl\'!l!f.=:Rlln~~ttJ'iJ3hliWi!JlllJ~J:
I) ¥«ftH.- t.:. •· Saxidomus .. l:t. ;l.b f?~j> 7.> .'.'.~.'?· 1?¥1]~ L. "( Pserulmniaufis "(·~ 7.> c ,\l.\:hhZ> .,.&,
u;:~ ·: ~ Z>
-11. mx:jl!jl, 1-·0) m~ttft.f:lJ"'i e: t... -c;f:rtlt~ fl.. fl::.hll'fO)r.l't;. t. lb ..f.l'ii:c. <:it~Z>
tJ~!!EIU-tZ>..:: C:I;'+:>'!J·-~t..:., ftl!.)J. ;IUiiC7)fl!Jli.~M1;1;·G "Cal!ista ·· (Pscudamiantis) ere·
1wlatus M.Ht;:-.toTo t;:;llfi ;t;· t ;f'L -c ~ ·Z>, :Jf.t, ·I·.::. L. ·cfii.Jf<J!O)i5);:il::~;;t;:&O:f~fr:.Il!:~H.dtf~Ht>:~.;;.. 7.> ~~~~t..:.;~;:. s.!llit.CQ)toJ\It.~=:~O)lb O)I:..M~J.-tZ> .J: 9 lb. ts L. 6i'fl1!-t o.#.c7)/Jil:~lfi.l-Q),?'Jv-7'].::.'2.".!1)7.>Q)i;l::Ji:,;l: IJ JiH L. tn ·ct..'iMir-t"Z>i.:.~..,f.:.o v'E..,-c~.=:.*L.\flil'ijfg0) .=:Ji!!J;~O)I\','l;;t;: c ..WJF! • i!!.l$0)~'2~il<:~.l:t~Ml:.it L. -c. ~ i 1>t_c l:.l,r.Q)t_c:Hrrl ~~.::. -?V·"tifl11'-t-7.> .!::JIJ.::.. ~11J;t7.l Pilar, Ca/fisftt 0)-fif,t::.t\'flt~L. -c.;;,.z,iJ(~"'C~Z>,

<'

<

ti

~

~

~

known from three different localities.
There is a Cretaceous species called" Callista" (Pseudamiantis) crenulatus~vlATU7\IOTO from the Goshonoura (=Gosyonoura) group of Kyushu. However,
the generic asignment of this Cretaceous
species is doubtful since several essential
morphological characters are quite dif·ferent from those of the Tertiary species.
Thus it can be said that the occurrence of the genus is so far limited to
the Neogene.
General information concerned withthe genus and its occurrence, as well as
description of a new species will begiven in this paper.

Introduction

A vcnerid pelecypod Pseudamianlistauyensis (YOKOYAMA). originally called
Jlferetix tauyensis, has long been known
from the Pliocene formations in [shikawa
and Toyama Prefectures. Genus ['scmdamimttis was proposed by Ku~OU:\ in1933 as a subgenus of Cal!ista, and M.
tauyensis was designated for the typespecies. Afterward, BABE (1951) raised
it to the generic rank. In 196~. KA:\NO
described Saxidomus ezoensis from the
Setana formation of Hokkaido. This.
however. in reality belongs to the genus
Pseudamiantis, and perhaps is conspecificwith P. tauyeusis. Another species of
Pseudamiantis was recently found fromthe Higashi-Tanakura group of Fukushima Prefecture. Thus two forms of
Tertiary Pseudamiantis have so far been

The occurrence of Pseudamiantis

Ishikawa Prefecture.
The first occurrence of the genus wasreported by YoKOYAl\IA (1927). He de·i)• Received Sept. 2i, 1962: read Dec.], 19€2.
~)]

92

Yasuhide In·:-lS1lKI

scribed it as a new species of Meretrix,
and further noted that the species occurred in the loose sand beds distributed
at Okuwa and Kami-Tauye (= KamiTagami). These sand beds may be identical with those belonging to the Pliocene Omma formation. Abundant wellpreserved molluscan fossils occur in thebluish fine sandstone of the lower partof the formation, though they do notform a definite horizon of fossils. Pseudamiantis tauyensis is common in somelocalities. Okuwa. Kami-Tagami andNagae. near Kanazawa city. It is. however. rarely found in other localities.
Among the associated species. Turrite!lasaislmensis. A.cila insignis. Glycymeris yessoensis, Patinopec/ell kurosawensis. P. tokyoensis, Clinocardiumfastosum. Angulus
venulosa and Dip!odrmta usta are prominent. These molluscs together with
Pseudamiantis constitute the •· OmmaJ\>Ianganji fauna". one of the typica I
Tertiary faunas characteristic of the
Pliocene of the Japan Sea coast area.
ii) Hokkaido.
The second occurrence of Pscudamicmtis was reported by KAN~o. but he described it as Saxidomus czocnsis (1962).
According to him. it occurs in muddy
sandstone of the lower part of the Pliocene Setana formation. at Hanaishi. Imagane-machi. southwestern
Hokkaido.
Though the formation is widely distributed and several fossil localities havebeen reported. this species is found only
from one locality, where bluish muddy
sandstone is exposed at the right sidecliff of the Toshibetsu river. 200m
down-stream from the railway bridge of
the Setana line. Acila vigilia. Clinocardium cliikagawaense, Turritella fortilirata
lzabei. Natica sezJera and Ostrea sp. aresaid to occur in association with Pseudamiautis. Numbers of the species andof individuals are rather small and fur-thermore specimens are often fragmental. However. KAN::\0 correlated thisfauna \Vith those of the .. Omma-l'vlanganji .. _iii) Fukushima Prefecture.
Recently, a new form of Pseudamiantis
was found in the Kubota formation in
Hanawa-machi, 1-Iigashi-Shirakawa-gun.
Fukushima Prefecture. The Kubota formation constitutes the uppermost partof the I-ligashi-Tanakura group. The
group. named by 0.:-tORI et a/ (1953). isdivided by Ot.IORI (1958) into three formations. the Akasaka. Nishigoto andKubota in ascending order. Numerous

1

2 kl!lGeological map showing
the middle part of Hanawa-machi. where
the lower to middle part of the HigashiTanakura group is distributed.
1. Terrace deposits: 2. Kubota formation;
3. Akasaka and Nishigoto formations: -1.
Basement of the Iligashi-Tanakura group.
Tertiarr conglomerate; 5. Basement of
the Higashi-Tanakura group, Pre-Tertiary
igneous and metamorphic rocks; 6, Other
localities of molluscan fossils.

4.54.

98

Psenclamiantis

molluscan shells are found in the sandstone of the lower part of the formation.
\lolluscs form a shell bed which is traceable approximately 3 km in distance.
The fauna was studied previously by
YoKoYAMA fl931) and later by NolVIUIU\
and 1-IATAI (1936). The fauna of thisarea. characterized by large. inflated andthick shells. appear rather different fromthe faunas from I he other areas noted
above. Pseudamiantis is found from two
localities indicated in Text-fig. 1.
At Loc. 1. the shell bed is being excavated by the Fujita l\lining Co. to utilize
them for animal foods. The sediment
itself consists of micaceous medium sand·stone containing pebbles of quartz andgneissose rocks. Foraminifers and ostracods are contained sparsely. The stra·tum containing molluscan shells attains
some 10m in thickness. Besides. someshark-teeth. and bones of fishes andwhales. !lnadam ogmfai. !Josinia kane·
lwrai. D. "/l(t/aii ", Trachycardium shiobarense. Luci11oma mmulatum ..Hercenariayo}~oyamai. Dip!odonta usia. Protothacatateiwai. Ostrert graoitesta and Ne1•erita
kiritmziana are found dominantly throughout the outcrop. Psudamimztis is veryrare in comparison with the above listed
molluscan species. 1\fost of shells were
probably transponed a short distance.
but more than half of the pelecypods arestill preseryed as intact valves.
At Loc. 2. only the upper part of theshell bed is exposed. It consists of somewhat weathered loose micaceous line
sandstone. containing a few foraminifers.
and measured about 5 m in thickness.
Although numbers of individuals as wellas numbers of species are less than thoseobserved at Loc. 1, Trachycardium shio·
barense. ilnadara ogawai and Neverital~irifanianu occur abundantly.
~·lost ofthose pelecypod shells are found as con·jointed valves. The fact suggests thatthe shells might be mostly autochthonousat this locality. Pseudamiantis is foundscarsely.
The Kubota formation is fossiliferous
except for its lower part. Tunite/latanagm·ensis. Dentalium yokoyamai. Luci·noma annnlatum etc. occur sporadicallyin the fine sandstone of the middle part.
Chlamys lwneharai, Patinopecten paraple·
bejus. 1'./eptunea lmkusimensis etc. arecommonly found at several localities in
the coarse sandstone of the upper part.
These molluscan association being characteristic of the formation are here called"the Tanakura fauna.. proYisionally.
The faunas found in some \liocene to
Pliocene formations of the northern
Kanto region are in all respects similar
to this fauna. Although the specific com·position is not the same, the .. Tatsunokuchi !=Tatunokuti) fauna .. of the Sen·dai group also has close alliance to thisfauna in having similar generic composition and large and thick forms of theshell.
Dc~cription

Family Veneridae
Genus Pseudamiantis KUIWDA, 1933
Type species: :Heretrix tauyeusis YOKOYA~IA.

1927. (original designation)

HARE (1951. pp. 164, 165) defined thegeneric characters of Pseudamiantis asfollows (originally in japanese): "Shelllarge. thick; beak placed anteriorly.
more or less prominent. Surface withfine radial riblets from umbo and distinct
growth lines. with somewhat decussate
appearance.
Cardinal teeth, three ineach valve; in right. anterior and middle
cardinals parallel, posterior cardinal distinct and fairly long. anterior laterals
two; in left. anterior cardinal narrow

94

rasuhide l WFAI\1

and middle cardinal large. posterior cardinai fairly long. Pallial line deeply
concave. Ventral margiu cnmulated."
Supp!ementmy description :-Shell large.
equivalve and inequilateral. transversely
oval or trapezoidal shaped. not gaping
posteriorly. Beak prosogyrous and placed
one-third to one·fourth of length fromanterior. Surface ornamented with concentric ribs and weak fine radial striae.
Pallial sinus deep and wide. Ventral
margin smooth..
Diagnosis :-Cal!isfa·like venerid pelecypod having radial striae on surface.
Remarks :-Generic remarks made bv
KURODA (1933. p. 63) (originally in Jap~­
nese,l can be summarized as follows:.. The type species of Pseudamiantis is
Meretrix tauyensis YoKOYAMA. 1927. The
general outline and hinge teeth are analogous to those of genus Callista. However. Pseudamiantis has numerous radial
sculptures on concentric ribs. By thisornamentation it resembles T'enus (fiutigona). but its lunule is vague. The character of anterior lateral teeth indicatethat Pseudamiantis is no doubt a subgenus of genus Caltista."
In conclusion. the genus is characterized by the following diagnostic features:i) Shell outline is Callisla type. It
resembles the genera Amiantis. Pilar.
Saxidomus. :Herceuaria. Protothaca etc.
ii) Surface is sculptured by concentricribs with fine and weak radial striae.
This is the outstanding feature of thegenus.
iii) Dentition is not of Pilar but of
Callista type. However. there are several
species of .. Pilar" in Japanese Tertiary.
whose dentition can hardly be differen·
tiated from that of Pseudamianlis.
iv) No lunule and escutcheon. Some
specimens have weakly defined striation
which gives appearance like a marginof lunule.

v) Inner sculpture of the shell: Pallial
sinus is wide and deep. Ventral marginis smooth. BABE described that theventral margin is crenulated. All specimens so far examined. however. including YoKOYAMA's type species. show nocrenulations along the inner ventral
margin .
.. Ca/lista" IPseudamiantis) crenulatus
IV!ATUMOTo ~Pl. 15, Figs. 4-7. in thispaper) was reported from the Gyliakian
Goshonoura group (upper Albian ? andCenomanian) in Amakusa Islands. Kyushu (rv!ATUJ\IOTO 1938). The species iscommon in the formations of the sameage throughout Shikoku and Kyushu(AMANO 1956). Reexamination of earlier
descriptions and observations on the
newly collected specimens revealed thefollowing differences between this species and the Tertiary Pseudamiantis.
Shell size of the Cretaceous species ismuch smaller in comparison with the
Ten iary species. Dentition is rather
similar to Pilar. that is. socket of theanterior lateral of right valve is continuous to socket between the anterior
and the middle cardinals. and lateral
tooth of left valve is almost parallel tothe margin of hinge plate. Surface isornamented at least with finer and lessrugose concentric striae. ~IATU?viOTO
mentioned that .. the shell is provided
with subinternal fine radial ribs ... On
the other hand, Al\IANO noted that ·· inan external mould of the left valve,radial ribs are impressed more strongly
than concentric ribs. numbering about
22 in 1 em. near middle of ventral portion. But those two sets of ribs arevariable in strength, that is. it is nearlysame in one specimen, and in other only
concentric ribs are preserved ... Three
well·preserved specimens examined do
not show any radial ribs on the surface.
Thus the writer has an opinion that sol'seudamiantis

454.

called radial ribs of this species arenothing but the impression of columnar
ostracums which are exposed throughthe slight erosion of shell surface. forexample noted by KUBOTA (1949b) andCllll\ZEI (1961) on Mercenaria stimpsoni.
"C." (P.) crenulatus has distinct lunulebut escutcheon is not distinctly impres·sed. Pallial sinus is wide and rather
deep. Fine distinct crenulations are ob·served on the inner margin of ventral
side.
The presence of. marginal crenulationand the absence of distinct radial striae
on surface are important criteria to dis·tinguish crenulatus from the Tertiary
species. l\Ioreo\'er. its dentition is rather
close to that of Pilar than that of Tertiary Pseudamirmtis. Further. its orna·
mentation is similar to that of Mercen·
aria. Therefore, the Cretaceous species
could be excluded from Pseudamiautis.
though no adequate genus to accomodate
this species has been found in literatures.
Distribution and geological range:Upper ~liocene formation in Fukushima

95

Prefecture and Pliocene formations in
Ishikawa Prefecture and l-lokkaid6.
Pseudamiantis will be expected to findfrom any other localities of the .. OmmaManganji fauna.. or the .. Tanakura
fauna " such as Shiobara of Tochigi Prefecture or Itahana of Gumma Prefecture.
Pseudamiantis tauyensis(YUKOYA:VIA). 1927
Pl. 14. figs. 1-5
1927 11/eretri:r tauyensis. YoKoY.ntA. jour. F'ac.

Sci., Imp. Uuitt. Tokyo, Sec. 2. Vol. 2. Pt.
-1, p. 178. Pl. 48. Figs. I. 2.
1959 Pscudamim1tis tauye11sis, MAKIYA~!A. Palaeout. Soc. Japan, Spec. Papers 1Vo. 5. Pl.
59. Figs. I, 2.
1961 Pst•udamiantis tauyensis, A Guidebook of
Geologic Excursion in the Vicinity ofKanazawn City. Japan. Edited by Hokuriku Branch. Geol. Soc. Japan. Pl. 2,
Figs. 25. 32.
1962 Sa.tidomus ezoensis. KAs:>:o, Sci. Rep.. Tokyo 1\.yoi/m Dai~;aku. Sec. C, No. 7 3. p.
60. Pl. 5. Figs. 7n. b. c.

Jlleasurement in 111111 : Reg. ~o.

82a

C.tl'l 8779
0.1 8780
Cl'vl 878~

CM 8783
CM 8784

I

valve

1

Right (lectotype)'

length.

87

I_-~----~--- . __h_~ghl

I(syntype)(hypotype)

(

67

I

with slightlv
damaged left
valve

ca8.J

66

68

57

)

72

Lrft (hypotype)
(
)

70

c

)

i

thickness
26

24

I

19

56

20
19

58

I

47

15

66

I

51

I

I

_ _c_:\_I_87_s5_ _ _ _<_ _ __} _ _ _ _6_7 ____
1

Remarks :-Saxidonms ezoensis KAN!\0
was reported from the Setana formation
in southwestern Hokkaid6. Although
the main part of the hinge teeth is lack·

-1

58

18
18
5'--~-~--~----_ _ing in the type specimen. S. ezoensis
might be identical with P. tauyeusis,
because outline. proportions among
length. height and thickness. surface

96

Yasuhicle IWASAKI

ornament and shape of pallial sinus of
the two species closely resemble eachother.
P. tauyensis is easily distinguishable
from other Callista-like pelecypods byradial striae on outer surface.
Distribution and geological rmzge :Kami-Tagami, Okuwa, Nagae and several
other localities of the Omma formationin Ishikawa and Toyama Prefectures,
Pliocene. Hanaishi in lmagane-machi ofthe Setana formation in Hokkaid6, Pliocene.
The" Omma-l'vlanganji fauna" is widely distributed in the Pliocene formations
on the japan Sea coast area. But theoccurrence of P. tauyeusis is extremely
limited. However. it might be adapted
to some environment of restricted areas.

Pseudamiautis Pi11guis 1\\'ASAKI,
n. sp.
Pl. 15, figs. 1-3

Diagnosis :-Pseudamiantis \Vith large
and heavy test. with large proportionof thickness against length and height
and with roughly striated surface.
Description :-Shell large, strongly in·flated, heavilr thick, inequilateral andcquivalve, ovate in outline but slightly

angular at postero-dorsal margin. rather
obliquely truncated in posterior. Anterior margin well swollen. slightly concave in front of beak and sharply rounded at end. Ventral margin arcuated.
Beak prominent and situated at one-third
to one-fourth from anterior. Surface
ornamented with distinct concentric ribs.
Fine radial striae running from the beakcan be seeh on the concentric ribs. The
striae indistinct on anterior and posterior
margins and on ventral margin in mature stage. Concentric ribs become more
platy toward anterior and posterior margins. Lunule and escutcheon absent. A
shallow depression similar to lunule
exists in front of beak. Three cardinalteeth are found in each valve: in left
valve, anterior cardinal thin and slightly
curved forward. middle cardinal large,
thick and triangularly shaped, posteriorcardinal rather thin and long, runningalong the nymph. Anterior lateral toothconical in form. prominent and stretchingits base toward beak: In right valve,anterior and middle cardinals parallel
and vertical. posterior cardinal rather
thick and bipartite in its top. anterior
lateral teeth weak. but socket between
them deeply concave. Pallial sinus conspicuous, deep, and rounded in its end.
No crenulations on inner ventral margin.

,ueasurement in mm :Reg. No.

CM 8776
CM 8777
CM 8778
CM 8i81,-alvelengthheightthickness---------------------------Left (holotype)i6
90
33
Right (paratype)with incomplete
left valve
Left ()
with incomplete
right valve

86

72

ca31

5i

45

21

"
(
"
)
with incomplete
right valve

88

7i

33

4.54.

l'seuclarnianti8

97Comparison ami remarks:- The large,
thick and swollen shell characterizes the
new species. Difference between the
t\\'O species of the genus is found in the
proportion among length, height andthickness as seen in Text-fig. 2, where

one form from the Tanagura (=Tana·kura) bed. which contains the "Tana·kura fauna", under the name Pitm· itoi
(l'v!AKIYA:\IA). The species is so ill-pre·served that the surface of the shell cannot be examined. but its inflated shapesuggests that it is not Pilar itoi
but may be conspecific with Pseu·
damianlis pinguis.
The new species can be distin·
guishecl from other allied speciesof Pitar and Caflista. for example,
from Pilar sendaica NOMURA, by
its radial striae on shell surface.
Distribution
andgeological66
range :-Nishigoto and Hattomaki
Ain Hanawa-machi. Higashi-Shira''
kawa-gun. Fukushima Prefecture.
X
X
The species occurs in the lower'
X xoxx'part of the Kubota formation
'
)f
which
is considered to be upper'
5.0
Miocenein age. It is rare but islengthone of 1'11e important constituentof the ·· Tanakura fauna".
Texr-Jig. 2. Diagram showing the difference
bet ween Pseudamiautis tauyens is (YoKoY '"1.-\) andP. pinguis [1\'ASAEJ.
Supplementary notes
X !'. tauyensis:
D. P. pinguis:
ezoeusis KA~=-o": L+H+T=lO.

0 ·· Saxid?rlllts

the difference in thickness is the mostimportant criterion to distinguish thetwo species. P. pi11guis is named for one
group having extremely inflated andthick shell. It is, however, also reason·
able to consider that the new species
may have close relationship to an ab·
normal form of P. tauyensis. The geolo·
gical eYidences of the Higashi-Tanakuragroup indicate that the group was deposited in an embayment. Thus the
new species might be a dweller of theshallow water of some emba~rments.
The inflated shell of P. pinguis might
be formed under the influence of suchan environment.
:'\o~IUR.-\. and HA TAI (1936) reported

The two species of Pseudami·
antis. tauyensis and pi11guis, areeasily distinguishable from the allied
species of Pilar and Callista by theirradial striation of the shell surface.
However, in other characters Pseudami
antis is almost identical with the species
listed below.
Pilar itoi (1\IAKJYA:>.JA). 1926: Lower to middle
Miocene formations in Korea and Japan:
ofrcn associated with the" Vicarya fauna".
P. okadaua (YoJWYA:'\IA), 1932: Middle to upper i\Iiocene formations in Hokkaido:
accompanied by the ·· Takinoue fauna"and the .. Togeshita fauna''.
P. lzokkaidoensis :>:o~IURA. 1935: upper .:\iiocene formations in I-Iokkaido: accompa.
nied by the "Togeshita fauna"; closely
resembles wirh P. okadana.

Yasuhide !WA'AK!

98

P. se11daica No~tvRA. 1938: Pliocene formationin Miyagi Pref.: a member of the .. Tatsunokuchi fauna··.
Calfisla yamamotoi KuHOTA. 1949: Pliocvne
formations in Akita Prcf.: associatedwith the .. Omma-:\Ianganji fauna".
i'l1eise11ia lateitmi M.'\KtYA:\L-\. 1936: Miocene
formation in Korea. This is omitted in
the following discussions. because of
scarcity of data.

ii) Shell surface: numerous, rough.
irregularly disposed growth lines; lunule
usually not recognized: escutcheon indi·stinct; ventral margin smooth: pallial
sinus deeply incremented.

Common characters among these species and Pseudamiantis are as follows:i) Dentition.
All

2a

2b

4b

·---~---

Alii

AI

3a

1

3b

3a: short and parallel or nearly parallelto 1.
1: large and subyertical.
3b: long. strong and feebly bifid on lop.
AI, Alii: small. tubercular of almost
obsolete, a deep socket places between A I and All!.
2a: rather small. yertical and platy.
2b: stout and apparemly continuous to
2a beneath the beak.
4b: close to the nymph, long and thin.
All: conical. its base stretches toward
the beak.

Text-ftg. 3. 1\·lap showing three localities of Pseudamiantis. (1, Omma formation:
2. Setana formation: 3. Kubota formation)and localities of several allied Neogene
SlH'cies to l'sl'udamiantis'.

Explanation of !'late 14(All ligures are natural size)
Figs. 1-5. Pseudamiantis tauyensis (Y OKnY A:-.t A)
L Right and left val\'Cs, Lectotype, Kami-T<If.(ami, Kf 4:l3,lab. Coli. by Oz.\WA ur KoLlAYASHI:

lb. dorsal yiewlc. inner yiew
Illustralt:d by Yoi..:OY.'\~1.>\, 1\J:!i, Pl. 48. Fil{s. 1. 2.
2. Right valve. Syntype. Okuwa. 82a. CoiL by OzAWA or KoRAYAStlt:
2a. anterior dew
2b. hinge area
3. Left 1·alve, Hypotypo. Okuwa, CM 8183. Coli. by TA:-\AIIE
4. Hinge area of left val\·e. Hypotype. Okuwa. CM 8785. CoiL by TA:-;ABE
5. So called Saxidomus czoensis KA:-.;:-;u. Right 1·a!ve. lhnaishi. No. 6125. CoiL and photoby K.-\:-.:-.;o:Illustrated by KA:-.!"l>, 1962, Pl. :.. Fig. ia.

Plate 14
I WASAKI:

Pseudamiantis

454.

Pseudamiantisiii) Outline: gcnerallv ovate or ovate·
trigonal. and well inflated. There isconsiderable variation in outline withina species.
P. /auyeusis and P. pinguis are allied
to Ca/lista yamamofoi and Pilar sendaica
respectively. If the striae will be vanish
from l he surface, Pseudamirmtis pinRuis
is hardly distinguishable from Pilar sen·daica. the same is true between Pseu·
damiantis tauyensis and Cflllisla yanut·
motoi. The former two species. Pillf!llis
and sendaica. arc members of the faunas
which are characterized by thick. inflated
large shells. whereas the latter l wo
species, tauyensis and yamamotoi, nre
members of the Pliocene "Ornma-l\lan·ganji fauna··.
Thus Pilar, Crdlista and Pseudamimtlis
mentioned above are similar to one
another in many characters. Therefore.
in order to settle their taxonomic posi·tion one should make detailed observa·
tion on the shell surface in addition
to the study on the hinge structure.
Restudy of these species might provethat some of the so called Tertiary.. Pilar" would shear their generic posi·tion with Pseudamiantis.
The study was carried out under the
direction of Prof. F. TAI\i\1 of the Ceo·
logical Institute. university of Tokyo.
to whom the writer is greatly indebted.
The writer wishes to express manythanks to Drs. T. HANAI and K. Clllt\ZEI
of the same institute. and Dr. I. HAYAMI
of the Department of Geology, Kyushu
University who encouraged him by help·
ful suggestions and discussions. Thanl<sare also due to Dr. S. 1\A:\:\O of theGeol. and ~lincral. lnst., Tokyo Univer·sity of Education, for the opportunity
to examine specimens and photographs.

99

References
A~tAt-;O,i\1. (1956): Some Upper Cretaceous
Fossils from Southwestern Japan (Part1). Kumamoto four. Sci .. Ser. B. Sec. I,
Fol. 2. :Vo. 1. pp. 63-93, Pis. I. 2.
Cllt'IZEJ. K. (1961): Molluscan Fauna of the
Pliocene Sannohe Group of Northeast
Honshu. Japan. 11. The Faunule of the
Togawa Formation. four. Fac. Sci., Uniz•.
Tokyo. Sec. 2, Vol. 1.'1. Pt. I. pp. 81-131.
Pis. 1-4.
IL\BE. T. (1951): Genera of Japanese Shells,
Pelecypoda So. 2, pp. 97-186.
IL\YAS:\KA, I. and Uozt:MI. S. (1954): Palaeontological Notes on Some fossils of
Genus Pilar in Hokkaid6. four. Fac. Sci.,
llokkcido L'11iv .. Ser ..J. T'ol. 8. 1\"o. 4, pp.
381-389. Pl. 2·1.
!11·,,,, T. (1960): A New Locality of theVicarya Fauna from Aomori P;·cfecture.
Tran~. Proc. Palaeo11l. Soc. Japan. S. S ..
.Yo. 31. pp. 201-208. PI 24.
K,\'lt-;O, S. (1%2) : Molluscan Fauna fromthe So-called Setana Formation, South·
western Hokkaido. Japan. Sci. Rep.. Tokyo
Kyoiku Dai~:aktt. Sec. C . .Vo. 7 3. pp. 49-62.
Pis. 1-5.
K:\SE:-.ro. Y. and others (1961): A Guidebookof Geologic Excursion in the Vicinity ofKanazawa City. japan. Edited by Hokuriku Branch. Geol. Soc. japan, :34 pp. Pis.
1. 2.
Kt.IHlL\. K. (Hl,l9a):
A New Species of Callisla from Pliocene. Mi11eral. Geol.. Vol.
3. iVo. 2. pp. 53-S"i. Pl. I.
- - (1949b) : Chione c!Jitanian!l YoKOYA~IA
1926 is the synonym of Venus .~timpsoni
Got:LD. /hid., Vol. 3. No. 3. p. 99.
Kt·RoDA. T. (1933): Gastropoda and Lame!·libranchiata. ltcanami-KtJza 3. 7-1 pp.
J\1.-\KIYAM.\. ]. (1926): Tertiary Fossils from
North Kankyo-do. Korea. Mem. Coli. Sd.,
Kyoto Imp. Cnir .. Ser. B. Vol. 2 . .\'o. 3,
pp. 143-160, Pis. 12. n- - (1936): The :vleisen Miocene of North
Korea. !hid .. Ser. B. Vol. 11. No . .J (Art.
8). pp. 193~228. Pis. 4. 5.
- - (1959): Tertiary Fossils from Various

100

Ya1mhide IIVAS'AK!

Localities in Japan. Part Ill. l'alueouf.
Soc. fapau, Spec. Papers .Vo. 5. Pis. 58-86.
MATt:~IOTO. T. (1938) :Preliminary :\otes
on Some of the More Important Fossils
among the Gosyonoura Fauna. (Appendix to •· The Geology of Gosyonoura Islands, Amakusa ") jour. Geol Soc. jupan,
Yo/. 45, No 532, pp. 13-24, Pis. I. 2.
No~tl'RA. S. (1935) : A Note on Some Fossil
Mollusca from the Takikawa Beds of theNorthwestern Part of Hokkaid6, japan.
Sri. Rep.. Ttilwlm Imp. Uuiv., 2nd Sr't ..
Vol. 18. pp. 31-39. Pl. 4.
- - and HAT AI, K. (1936): Fossils fromthe Tanagura Beds in the Vicinity of the
Town Tanagura. Hukusima-ken. ~orth­east Honsyu. Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai
Mus., Res. Bull, No. I 0 (Geo/. No. 4). pp.
109-155, Pis. 13-17.
- - and - - (1937): A List of lhl' ~liocenc
1\'lollusca and Brachiopoda Collected fromthe Region L~·ing :\orth of the N<lllakita
River in the Vicinity of Sendai, Rikuzen
Province, Japan. Ibid., cVo. 13 (GnJ/. ]lio.
5). pp. 121-145. l'ls. 17-21.
NOJ\IIJRA, S. (1938): Molluscan Fossils fromthe Tatunokuti Shell Bed Exposed at
Goroku Cliff in the Western Border of
Sendai. Sci. Rep., T6hoku Imp. l.inil•., 2ndSer., Vol. 19. No. 2. pp. 235-275. Pis. 3336.

--- (19-10): Molluscan Fauna of the Moniwa
Shell Bed Exposed along the Natori-gawain the Vicinity of Sendai. Miyagi Prefecture. japan. Ibid.. Vol. 21. 1'-io. 1, pp.
1-16, Pis. 1-3.
O~tORI, M. (1958): On the Geological Historyof the Tertiary System in the Southwestern Part of the Abukuma Mountainland. with special Reference to the Geological !\leaning of the Tanakura Sheared
Zone. Sci. Rep., Tokyo Kyoilm Daigaku,
Ser:. C, No. 51. pp. 55-116.
TANABE. S. (1957) : The Geological Structurein the South Region of Kanazawa City.
(i\IS) Graduatio11 Thesis. Geol. Inst., Unh•.
Tokyo. No. 904. 30 pp .. 5 Pis.
Uozu!\11. S. (1962): Neogene Molluscan Fauna
in Ilokkaido. (Part I. Sequence and distribution of Neogene Molluscan faunas).
Jour. Fac. Sr:i., Jlokkaido U11iv .. Ser. 4,
Vol. 11. No. 3, pp. 507-514.
YoJwv,\~IA. M. (1927): Fossil Mollusca from
1\aga. four. Fac. Sci .. Imp. Unit•. Tokyo,
Sec. 2. Vol. 2. Pt. 4, pp. 165-182, Pis. 4719.
- - (1931): Fossil Mollusca from lwaki.
/bit! .. Vol. 3, Pl. 4, pp. 197-204, Pis. 7. 8.
- - (1932) : Tertiary Mollusca from the
Coalfield of Uryii. lshikari. Ibid.. Pt. 6,
pp. 221-:247, Pis. 1-4.

Explanation of Plate 15(All figures are natural size)

Figs. 1-3. Pseudamia11/is pi11guis lwA~AKI. n. sp.
1. Left valve. Paratype. Nishigoto. CM 8778:
lb. anterior view
2. Left valve. llolotype. Nishigoto, CM 8776:
2b. inner view
2c. dorsal vie\\'
3. Right valve. Paratype, Hattomaki, Cl\l 8777.
Figs. 4-7. So called "Callis! a .. (Pseudamiantis) crenulaf us MATL':\IOTo
4. Left valve. llypotype. Desmocuas kosmuti bed of the Goshonoura group at Tateishi,
Shishijima Island. Izumi-gun, 1\.agoshima Pre f., !'viM 3823. CoiL hy 11.-\ y A'-11
5. Inner cast of right vah·e. Ilolotype. G-64. Kohunenosako. NE of Enokuchi. Goshonoura Island. Amakusa-gun. Kumamoto Pre f., MM 7751/1. CoiL by MATU:\!OTO:
Illustrated by 1\lATDIOTO. 1938. Pl. I. Fig. 5.
6. Right valve. Ilypotype, D. kosmati bed. Tateishi. MM 3824. Coli. by HAYA~tl7. Dorsal view of right Yalve. Ilypotype. Ditto, MM 3825. CoiL by 1-IAYAML

Plate 15
I WASAKI:

Pseudamiantis

454.

Pseudamiantis

Amakusa.gun
F. :Q: l"P
Amakusa Islands~1rt3lf!W;
Enokuchiii./ D
Goshonoura Island
1allirrir1i~
Hanaishi:{E:0
Hanawa-machit~lliJIlattomaki
j\ .i~ ~Higashi-Shirakawa-gun :lU3Jllflll
Imagane-machi
4-~ lliij}ltahanafi

lzumi-gunKami-Tagami
Kobunenosako
Nagae
Nishigoto
Okuwa (Omma)
Shiobara
Shishijima
Tateishi

101!illl<n);J:rnJ::
1j\j1J-ili!
~ iJ.
e!ii«JP'i* !/!mf.lj[);H-f..\
1£. li

Postscript
After the present manuscript had been completed. HASIIIMOTO et a/ (1963) mentioned in
the following paper that :ic:xidomus ezoeusis KA:-;~o is identical with J'seudamiantis tauyensis(YOKOYA~I.-1.).
(p. 23-1. foot-note)
HAsliJ~tOTO.

\V .. KAN:o-;o. S .. SHJ:o-;ADA. Y. and OsJII~IA. K. (1963): Geology of the Imagane.
Kun·nui and Yakumo Districts. Oshima Peninsula. Hokkaido. four. Geol. Soc. Japan. Vol.
69 ..No. S 12. pp. 228-238. Pl. 3.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S .. No. 51. pp. 102-114. pl. 16. Sept. 10. 1963

455.

UPPER CARBONIFEROl'S FUSULINIDS FRO:JI THE

NAKAHATA FORMATION OF THE HIDA i\lASSIFWITH SPECIAL ItEFERENCE TO FUSULINIDS
SIMILAR TO FUSUL!NELLA I'.'\8UDOBOCI\I(LEE: AND CHEN)
KUNIHIRO ISHlZAKI
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science. Tohoku University-------?!Ul!lll 1)1!!:.:¥ili-t ;;,_f:flll:G/;.R'~tjt:J:IIIJID(f~ fusulinids-~·.]:..:. Fusulinel/a jJseudobodd(LEE and CHE?") ~H!:l~ fusulinids 1..::.. "?~ ·"?.:': :llHi!l!.l1l1!!-ill:!<t1tll?:"kfl!HlliJ't1o11!Htl'ijJmjftt.:~£-t7.>_!::fl!;u-~*.P*Ht~Cl) fusulinids ~iil!JtL. ~Cl) fauna ~~1:!~-t;;,"i.t.:.. :.ITJ
fauna ~·l'i.: Protriticites 1.:~-t;;, fusulinids <Dt:,;;,: C:~:ftl~L. r.fi1:1;~;f-~lf<l~l¥J~Jt~tfJllt'f.~lltt-*i"7.Jo
TI ~~~ Jtq ~J'dassif. and found some interesting features of the spirothecal struct urc of thefusulinids which occurred in association
with the Fusulinella-Fusulina assemblage.
That is to say. the structure does notappear to be the so-called mural pores
which extend through all layers of the
spirolhcca as in fusulinellicls but rather
more distinct alveolar keriothccal structure in the outermost volution of theshell at hand.
The writer is inclined to consider thatsome specimens which have been reported
as Fnsnlinefla pseudobocl?i (LEE andCHE'\) may have such keriothccal structure in the outermost or even in the
penultimate volutions. and consequently,
should be assigned to Protrilit'iles andnot to Fusulinel!a.
In the present paper. brief accounts
are gi\'en on the stratigraphic relationship of the Carboniferous NakHhata formation with the Permian ,I unigatake
formation based upon paleoniologic evidence.

lntroductinn and Acknowledgements
Studies on the stratigraphy and thepaleontology of the Hida ~lassif in central Japan have been undertaken by leo(1957. 1956), 1\.ANlJ!\lA (1953, 1951, 1958a,
1958b), liAi\IADA (l959a. 1959b). KA.\IEI(1952, 1955), FUJii\IOTO and leo (1958),
J'vlrNA TO and KA TO (1957). and (SOI\!I
and NOZAWA (1957) and others. According to them. the fusulinids from theCarboniferous and the Permian limestone
range from the J1illere!!a zone to the"Yabeina zone. The Devonian strata ofthe massif arc characterized by Fm•osi/es.
The writer had an opportunity to
study some thin sections of fusulinids
prepared by NISHt;:o.;o from the Carboniferous 1\akahata formation distributed
at ~akahata. Niugawa Village, Ono
County. Gifu Prefecture in the 1-licla* Received Oct. l. 1962: read at 82nd
meeting of the Society at Tokyo, Sept. 29.
1962.
102

4:i:i.

Upper Ca·rboniferons Vusulin·ids fmm. !/ida

A total of six species of fusulinids
distributed among Eosclmbertella. Fusu·
linella. Fusulina and Protriticites are described and one of them is considered
to be a new species. An attempt has
been made to compare the fusulinid
fauna from the present area with thoseof other regions in Japan. :\Torth America,
and Russia and determine the time whenProtriticites first began to appear in association with Fusnlinella in Japan.
The writer is deeply indebted to Dr.
Shoshiro HA?\ZAWA. Professor Emeritusof the Tohoku University for his guidanceand suggestions during the course of
the present work. Acknowledgements
are also extended to Professor Kolora
HATAI of the lnsl itute of Geology andPaleontology. Tohuku Uniyersity. for his
critical reading of the manuscript andkind permission to use his extensiYelibrary and Professors Kiyoshi AsANO
and jun-ichi lWAI for their encouragement in many ways.
Stratigraphy and Paleontology

In the area near the southern foot ofjunigatake. Nakahata. Niugawa Village,
Ono County. Gifu Prefecture. the Upper
Carboniferous Nakahata formation is oflenticular shape as if due to haYing
been squeezed out and up along thesheared zone whereas the Permian Junigatake formation is extensively distributed in nearly l'ast to west direction
dipping at about 60 degrees to the south.
Near \"akahata. the junigatake formation consists mainly in the lower of slateintercalated with an about one meter
thick sandstone layer. and the upper
comprises slate intercalated with schalstein layers less than three to four meters in thickness.
From the limestone lenses intercalated
in the .I unigatakc formation, Neoscli-

10:3

zcageriua cfr. margarilae DEPRAT. N. sp ..
Verbeekina verbeeki (GEIJ\ITZ). Parafusu·
lina aff. japonica (SCHWAGER), P. sp.,
Scllwagerina spp., Pseudofusulina cfr.
l!ulgaris (SCHELLW1El\) and P. sp. werereported. These fossils indicate the upper Sakmarian to the upper Socioian or
the Basleoian in age.
On the other hand. from the \'akahata
formation. the following fusulinid fossils
occurred, namely. f'usu!ine!!a cfr. psmulo·
bat:ki (LEE and C!iEl'\). Fusulinelfa cfr.
boc/~i t\IOLLER and Fu.~ulina cfr. cylindrica
FISCIIEJ<. In addition to the above. according to Isow and NoZAWA 0957),
some curious fusulinids. morphologicallyintermediate between Fusu!inella or Fusulina and Scluoageri11a, and characterized
by strong fluted septa, large shell size,
thick keriotheca and fusulinellid wall
structure in the immature volutions but
rather of the schwagerinid t~·pe \\·allstructure in the outer volution were
found.
The writer is of the opinion that Pro·lriticites nakanohalensis described in thisarticle may be identical with the species
cited above and with the specimen re·ported as Fusuline/la pseudoboclli :LEE
and CHEN) as staled later.
As the result of studies on the materials stated above, the writer recognizedsome important bio-characters. such as,
the apparent fibrous structure found in
the outer volutions do not coincide withthe so-called mural pores which extend
through all layers of the spirot heca.
namely, the four layers-tectum. diaph·
anotheca and upper and lower tectoria
in fusulincllids. Namely. the spirothecal
structure is essentially within the keri·
otheca and does not extend to the teet urn.
The difference bet ween the muralpores and typical keriothecal structureis sho\vn in detail by SKI:-\:\ER and WILDE(195<1), the former (fusulinellid) should

1().!

KHnihiro lSHlZAKI

extend through all four layers whereas
the latter only within the keriotheca.
As the conclusion, therefore, the writeris inclined to consider them to be nearer
to the schwagerinids than to the fusulinell id.
Forms intermediate between schwagerinids and fusulinellids can be found in
Russian and Chinese literatures. andprobably Triticites matsumotoi KA:-;:\!ERA
may be included. Such forms are treatedas Protriticites in accordance with theRussian and Chinese paleontologists.

Discussion on the Cpper
Carboniferous

Since the genus Prolriticites was pro·
posed by PUTHJA, in 19:18 for the primitive fusulinids, many congeneric ones
have been reported in Russia. China andprobably in japan. judging from theavailable data. the genus may be summarized as: Shell medium size. thickly
fusiform. with nearly straight axis ofcoiling. Spirotheca moderately thick.
composed of a tectum. diaphanotheca,
and upper and lower tectoria in inner
volutions. but of only two layers of atectum and a keriotheca in outer volutions. Rather thick keriotheca usuallypenetrated by numerous pores as inschwagerinids. Septa rather weakly
fluted. Chomata well deYeloped as in
Triticites montiparus (~!OLLER.:.
From the summary of the characters.
the so-called curious specimen at handis near to the genus Pro/riticites, especially in the keriothecal structure of theouter volutions.
The species described in this article
as Protriticites nakanohatensis well coin·cides with Fusuliuella pseudobocki (LEEand CHEN) described by !GO (1957) fromthe Fukuji district, southeastern part of

the Hida Massif. The materials at handshow rather discernible alveolar structure in the outermost volution or evenin the penultimate volution. Therefore,
it is not assignable to Fusuline/la which
is characterized by four layers. a diaphanotheca, tectum. and upper and lower
tectoria in most of the volutions.
Concerning Fusulinella pseudobocki(LEE and CHEN), IGO described as follO\vs.
.. Spirotheca thin. composed of tectum.
diaphanotheca and upper and lower tectoria. Spirothcca of last volution consists only of tectum and underlying
layer, probably diaphanotheca. Lowerand upper tectoria different in thickness
in several parts of volutions. In somespecimens alveoli-like fine dark pillars
developed throughout each layers."
These features. the writer believes, arenear to the genus Protriticites and thepresent specimens.
Concerning the spirothecal structure,
Triticites matsumotoi 1\.AN~IERA and its
two subspecies recently tlescribcd by
SUYARI (1962) from Shikoku arc near to
the genus under consideration.
Stratigraphically. the Fusulinella zone
and/or Fusulina zone anrl Pseudosch·tcagerina zone have wide distribution injapan. On the contrary. the Triticites
zone which is situated between the Fusulinella zone and/or Fusulina zone. and
the Pseudoscluoagerina zone has been
hardly kno\'m in japan to date. Because
the Tritidtes zone has not been foundat many places, some authors. for example MINATO (19-!2) and YAim (1958),
believed that there was a faunal breakrelated with regression or non-deposition.
change in the physical condition andboth due to the orogenic or epeirogenic
movements throughout larger part of thejapanese Islands. Nevertheless. the zoneof Triticites is known from several areas,
especially from the 1-lida massif, Yaya-

455.

Cpper C.:arbonije1·o1ts Fusulinids from /lido

madake in Kyushu, Okuchichibu in Saitama Prefecture. and Shikoku in Japan.
In North America. a rich fauna mainlyof Triticiles is known from the rocks
older than the zone of Pseudoscliwagerina.
This fauna is called the zone of Triticites, and characterized by the predominance of elongate forms in the lower
part and considerably thick ventricose
forms in the upper part. The ventricose
thick shell forms seem to be considerably advanced compared with those of
the former. Consequently, it seems tobe evident that abundant advanced formsof Triticites appear prior to the first appearance of Pseudosclucagerina. This isgood harmony with the Russian succession in terms of fusulinids.
On the other hand. in japan. the formsof Trifil'ilcs hitherto reported from horizons lower than the zone of Pseudoschu:agerina consist of primitive forms char·acterized by thin wall and of four layers
in the inner volutions or so. althoughof two layers in the outer volutions andhave distinct chomata. and feebly fluted
septa. And the forms comparable withthose from the upper part of the Triti·
cites zone in Russia and North America
are found in Japan in the zone of Pseudosc!Ttcageri na.
The forms of Triticites in Japan thatarc known from rocks older than the
beginning of the zone of Pseudosclumgerina comprise comparatively small size
individuals which are primitive types.
Thus. from such evidence. the JapaneseTriticites zone so far as known to date.
is to be correlated with only the subzoneof Trilicites montipams (~lbLLER) which
is situated in the lowest part of the
Triticites zone in the Russian platform.
Since the upper part of the Triticites
zone is not developed. we may explain
as if there were a hiatus between the
Pseudosc/;wagerina zone and the horizon

105

indicated by the subzone of Triticites
montiparus, in the Russian succession.
The forms of Pseudosc!twagerina are, as
well known, very light looking with thinspirotheca and septa. wide rooms, andha\re very extensive distribution. muchwider than any other genus of fusulinids.
judging from the reason stated above,as already pointed out by l3EEDE andKxiKER (192-1). the)' may have led aplanktonic life (Ross, 1961 ; GoRDON,
1962).
The usage of the first appearance ofPseudosclumgerina for determination of
beginning of the Permian is a uniYersal
accepted fact.
In japan, as accepted by most Japanese
authors. the Triticites from rocks older
than the horizon of Psettdosclucagerina
comprise primiti\'e types and may indicate the zone of Triticites of Japan. The
japanese Triticites zone seems to be
characterized by the following rather
primitive forms of Trilici/t!S: Triticites

nakatsugawensis -"·10RIKA wA. T. nalwtsugawensis l1emmii fvloRII<A wA. T. npparensis KANCMA, 1'. kiyomiensis KANU:\IA, T.
irasensis KAC\lT:O.JA, T. rawtmadal?en.sis
KA:\:\IERA, T. uemumi ivloRII<AWA, T. exsculptus !Go, T. exsculptus JI(Wiforme IGO,
T. ltidensis !Go. T. saurini )Go, and T.
sakagamii lGO. Triticites matsumotoi KA~­
J\IERA is considered to belong to Protriticites.
Therefore, it is problematical whether
the Triticites species in japan should be
employed for correlation of the upper
Carboniferous of Japan with foreigncountries.
In Russia, Fusulinel/a is reported inassociation with Triticite.~. That is tosay. the range of Fusulinella is restricted
to the Fusulinella zone or Desmoinesianin North America. whereas it extends
up to the horizon represented by Triti·
cites in Russia. In this concern. l\1oORE

101i

Kunihiro lSHIZilKI

and TJJOJ\II'SON (19,!9) explained that in
the Russia. the primitive Triticites occurs
in association with advanced forms of
Fusuli11a or (Juasifusulina. And although
the equivalent has not been found in
North America. very probably, it corresponds to the hiatus benveen the Desmoinesian and the Missourian.
However, recent published Russian
literatures give the range of Fusulinella
from the i\loscovian to the middle partof the zone of Pseudosclucagerina or
Sakmarian in Russia. The time span
represented by the above is so long thatthe discordance of them could not be
explained by such a simple assumption.
Under the circumstances cited above.
Protriticites seems to be valuable detailcorrelation of the Japanese upper Carboniferous and for further discussion.
According to IVANOV!. and 1-!VOROV.\(1955). in the Russian platform. Fusu·
linel/a p.wmdobodli (LEE and CHE~) ap·
pears in the lower horizon of the 1~vljach·
kov bed (NoVLIN) and Protriticites aff.
ovatus PUTI(Ii\ in association with Fusulinella pseudobodli in the upper horizonof the former (PESKOV).
l'vloreover. according to GROZDILOBA
and LEBEilEHA (1960). on the western
slope of Ural and Timan. Fusuli11efla
pseudobocki occurred from the upper
part of the \loscovian (Podol bedi from
where it ranges up to their Protriticites
zone which is situated between the so·called Fusulinel/a-Fusulina zone and thezone of Triliciles. The forms of Protri·
ticites were said to be restricted to their
Protritidtes zone.
In Japan I he subzone of Triticites ma·tsumotoi KAXMERA in the Yayamadake
area, Kyushu may be correlative with
the Protriticites zone cited above or. toa horizon higher than the upper part ofthe l'vljachkov bed (Peskov) in Russia.
The horizon in the I Iida \lassif whichyielded the fusulinids described in thisarticle also may be correlative with thehorizon stated above, judging from thefusulinid assemblage. l'vloreover, extend·
ing this inference. the subzone of Fusu·/inella asiatica !Go in the Fukuji districtof the Hida l'vlassif and the zone of Tri·ticites in Shikoku (SUYAIH. 1961. 1962)
should be correlated with the same hori·zone or one near to it. The fauna mostsimilar to the one from the present hori·zon is found in the Akiyama formationand this has been described by KA~u:\1.-\(1958).
Should our knowledge of l 1rotriticites
from the japanese upper Carboniferous
be increased. the problems on the corre·
lation using Fusulinella. Fusulina. andTriticite.<> may become more definite andnear to the faunal succession of I{ ussia.

Systematic Description

Family Fusulinidae 1\li:il.l.lm. 1878
Subfamily Schubcrtellinac
SKINNER.

1931

Genus Eosclmberlclla TIH>:\II'SOi\, 1937

Eosclmbertella obscura 1. LEE and CIIE~)
Pl. 16. fig. 3.

Sclmbertella obscura LEE and Cm::-.;, 1930, .llem.
Sat. Res. lnst. Geo/. China. 110. 9, pp. 112,113. pl. 6. tigs. 12-22.
Eosclmbertella obscura ToiHYA~IA. 1941. ]our.
Geul. Soc. ]apm1. t•u/. ·18. 110. 579. pp. 566.
567. text-figs. 10. 11: ToiliYA:O.IA. 19·1·1,
Japan. ]our. Geol. Geogr .. t:ol. 19. 110s. 1-.J.
pp. 77. 78. pl. 6. figs. 18-22: leo, 1957. Sci.
Repts. Tokyo Kyoilm Dai~;alm, .';·,., .. C, rol.
5, 110. 47. pp. 187. 188. pl. :3. tigs. 9-11:
ToRIYA\IA, 1958, l'dem. Fac. Sri .. /(1ws/m
Linil·., Ser. D, rot. 7, pp. 25-27. pl. I. figs.
10-14.

Table I.

Specimen.Measurements (in mm) of Eosclmbertella obscura (LEE and CHE;-;).
Radiu~

vector

1

2

3

H.L.

H.W.

F.R

.0-18

. ll2

. 200

0.26

0.20

130

Reg. No.
p.

----------~---

NlOl-1

107['pper Carboniferous Fusul·inidR fmm. Hida

455.

-----. 04·1

78374------~--

Thickness of wall

.006

Remarks :-The present specimen isclosely allied to Sclwbertella obscura firstdescribed by LEE and CHE:--; from thebase of the 1-Iuanglung limestone. on thenorthern slope of the Hunglungshan and
Chuanshan of China in many importantcharacters. However. since the present
specimen shows three layers of tectumand lower and upper dense layers, theyshould be included in Eosclmbertella.
Occurrence:- The present species wascollected by NISHINO from the Carboni·ferous Nakahata formation near thesouthern foot of Junigatake, Nakahata.
Niugawa Village, Ono County. Gifu Prefecture in association with Fusuline/laaff. e/egantula ISHII, F. cfr. rhomboides(LEE and CHEN). F. jamensis THOJ\IPSO!'\,PITHAT and SANDERSON, F11s111i11a sp ..
and Protrilicites 11aka/zatensis ISliiZAKI.
n. sp.
SpPcimen :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 78374:
Table 2.

. 020

. 012

sample no. NlOl-1.

Subfamily Fusulininac RHU:\IBLER, 1895
Genus Fusulinella ~!OLLER. 1877

Fusulinella aff. ehgantula ISHII
Pl. 16. fig 1.
Compared with:

Fusuli11e/la elegantula Isun. 1962. four. Geosci ..
Osaka City Uniu .. z·al. 6, art. I. pp. 20-22.
pl. I0. figs. 20-3·1.

Remarks:- The specimen at hand isclosely allied to Fusu!inella elegantula
ISHII from the Carboniferous Itadori·gawa group in Shikoku. but differs fromthe latter in that the former has thelateral slopes not so stronglr convex
as the latter. the less strongly tapered
polar regions. and the somewhat larger

Measurements (in mm) of Fusu/inella aff. elegantuta Is1111.
Radius vector

Specimen Reg. :'\o.
p.

N102-l

18375

.117

.100

2

3

4

5

H. L.

H. \V.

F. R.

.150

.200

.300

.405

1.05

O. .J5

2.3

Thickness of wall

.010

.014

.016

.024

.020

.016

Tunnel angles
10

17

19

16

18

108

Kunihiro lSI!IZAKI

proloculus. But both may be closely
allied to one another in the generalcharacters except for the somewhat
smaller dimension of the proloculus. andshell shape.
The specimen is somewhat similar toleo's Fusulinella asiatica !GO from the
Fukuji district in the Hida \lassif, butdiffers from the latter in the more elongate shell and shape of the chomata.
In the present specimen. the diaphanothecal structure is found even in thelast Yolution and almost throughout theshell to maturity, except for the prolo·culus where it seems to be a rather thickhomogeneous dense single layer. But insome parts of the specimen there seems
to be three layers of tectum and upperand lower tectoria.
Specimen :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 78375:
sample no. l\102-l.
Fusu!ine!la cfr. rlllmzboides(LEE and CHE:-\)
Pl. 16, fig. 2.
Compared with:-_Veofusuline/la rhomboides LEE and CHIC~. 1930.
,1Jem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., 110. 9. pp. 119121, pl. 8, figs. 3-6.
Fusulinella rlwmboides CHE:", 193-1, Mem. ,Vat.
Res. lnst. Geal. vo!. J.J. J>p. 35. :l6. pl. 6,
figs. 14. 15.

Remarks:-The present specimen isclosely allied to the species from Anshan,
Ilohsien, and Anhuei. although it ismore Yaulted and more closely coiled
than the typical specimen reported from
Huanglungshan, Lungtan. The present
species expands more slowly. especiallyin the outer volution than LEE and
CHEN's specimen. and is somewhat larger
in shell size, but many of the importantcharacters are similar with one another.
A cliaphanotheca is distinct even in theoutermost volution of the present specimen (essentially four·layercd throughout
shell); the keriotheca-like alveoli andother aspects of the spirothecal structure are hardly obsen•able.
Once. ToRIYA~IA (1958) referred thespecies to Profusulinella from the presence of a spirotheca consisting of atectum. a cliaphanotheca, and outer tectorium. HoweYer, as well known. thegenus Pm(ttsulinella RAIJSER-CERNOUS·
sovA and BELJAEV is characterized bya spirotheca consisting of a tectum andupper and lower tectoria. Namely. Fusulinel/a can be distinguished from Profusulinella by the presence of four layers
in the spirotheca as compared to only
three layers in the spirotheca of Profusulillella.
SPI?timen :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 78376;
sample no. Nl03-l.

Profusu/iuel!a rhomboides ToRIYAM:\. 1958
,1fem. Fac. Sci .. Kyus/111 Uniz· .. Ser. D. 1'0!.
;-, pp. 33-35, pl. 2. figs. 18. 19.
Table 3.

Measurements (in mm) of Fusulinella cfr. rlwmboides (LEE and CIIE:-.:).
Radius vector

Specimen Reg. ~o.
p.

Nl03-l

78376

.067

.067

2

3

-1

s

6

Leng. Width F. R.

.117

.183

. 283

. -117600

L 75

Thickness of wall

?

. 008

.020

. 024

.028

.020

.0-18

1.23

1. .tO

4-55.

109

Upper Ccwboni.ferous Fwmlinids fl'om Hida

Table 4.

Measurements (in mm) of Fusuli11ella jamesensis
THo~tPso:o-;, PITRAT and SA:"DERso:--:.
Radius vector

Specimen Reg. No.

p.

;-;}01-2;\10-l-1

7837-1
78377

.122
.116

. 100
. 100

2

3

l

.150
. 133

. 220
. 216

. 330
. 333

5

Leng.

Width

F. R.

. 520 2.36
. 500 0 97
(x2)

1. 26
0.50
( x2)

l. 90
l. 90

Thickness of wall;\101-2;\10-1-1

78371
78377

.008
. 016

. 008
.008

.016 . 024.012 . 020

.028
. 027

. 04-1. 024

Tunnel angles;\101-2;\ 10-1-1/83/.!
78377

2·1
15

Fusuline!la jamesensis THOMPSON,PITRA T and SANDERSON
Pl. 16. figs. 4. 5.

Fusulinel/a jamesensis THOMPSON, PITRAT
and SA:"DERSO:" 1953. four. Paleonl .. z•ol.
2'7, pp. 5-18-550. pl. 57. figs. 8-15 (non 1631); lGfl. 1957. Sci. Repts., Tokyo Btmrika
Daigaku, Sec. C, z•ol. 5, nos. 47-18. pp.
206. 207. pl. 7. figs. 1-9.

Remarks:- The spirotheca of the present specimen has a diaphanotheca-viz.
characterized by the four layers of atectum, diaphanothcca, and upper andlower tectoria-at least. in part of thepenultimate volution, but such features
can hardly be observed in the last volution. There seem to be two layers consisting of a tectum and thicker transpalent layer.
THOMPSON, PITRAT and SANDERSON(1953) described the species from the
Cache Creek limestone of Ft. St. Jamesin Central British Columbia. According
to those authors. the species shows somevariations in shape, size, and characters

24
18

21
28

23
14

32

of chomata. involving three different
groups which may probably be separated
from each other. The specimens at handare closely allied to their second groupwhich is the t)·pical form and includes
the holotype.
The present species is more or lesssimilar to Fusulinella simp/icata TORI·
Y:\MA but differs from the latter as
already pointed out by TORIYA:V!A (1958).
Specimen :-lG PS coli. cat. no. 7837•1
and 78377; sample no. NlOI-2 and ~104-1.
Genus Fusulina FISCHER DE
WALDHEIM. 1829

Fusuli11a sp. indet.
1'1. 16. fig. 6.

Remarks:- Judging from the septal
fluting and general wall structure thepresent specimen may be identified with
Fusulina. The present specimen is illoriented and therefore, specific identification is difl1cult.
In the present specimen, four layers
are found in almost all volutions of theKunihiro !SH!l:.4Kl

lUI
Table 5.

Measurements of Fusu/illf! sp. in mm.
Radius vector

Specimen Reg. No.

2

p.

4

Width

F.R.

- - - - - -~ ----1-------------------~
N'102-2.010 .083 . 150 .233 .383 .500 1.77
0.96
78375

1.8

3

5

Lcng.

Thickness of wall
. 008
-----

-

-----~

. 008

. 012

. 02-l . 024 . 0-lO---------~

shell, but in part. there seems to be
three layers of a thin tectum and rather
thick upper and lower tectoria, and in
the remaining part of the shell. twoapparent layers but the fibrous struc·ture of the spirotheca is almost indis·
cernible.
Specimen :-lGPS coli. cat. no. 78375;
sample no. N102-2.
Genus Prolriticites PtHIUA, 19-18
Shell of medium size, thickly fusiform.
Axis of coiling straight. Spirotheca
moderately thick. composed of a tectum,
diaphanotheca, and upper and lower tee·toria in inner volutions of shell. but
only a tectum and keriotheca in outer
volutions. Kcriotheca usually penetrated
by numerous pores, but tectum is notessentially penetrated by pores through·out. Septa weakly ft uted throughout
shell. Chomata well developed.

Prolriticiles uakaltatensis
ISIIIZAKJ. n. sp.
Pl. 16. figs. 7-11.

Shell rather large, fusiform, having
nearly straight axis of coiling. more or
Jess thickened central portion and blunt·
ly pointed polar ends. Mature specimenof six volutions 3.74? mm long and 1.96mm wide, gi\·ing form ratio of 1.91.
Shell subspherical in inner four or fourand a half \·olutions, but rather vaulted
fusiform in subsequent outer volutions.
Proloculus almost spherical. small forshell size, having outside diameter of
100 microns for one specimen. Rate ofshell expansion very slow in inner one
or one and a half volutions, but somewhat
rapid from subsequent outer volution to
fourth volution, and finally very loose
in remaining outer volutions. Averageradius vectors of first to oulennost vo·lutions for two specimens 70, 115, 195,
300, '175, 755 and 950 microns, respec·
tivcly. Height of chambers nearly equal.
except for polar regions where they arc
slightly higher than in median part ofshell.
Spirotheca rather thin for size of shell,
consisting of a diaphanothcca, thin tee·tum and upper and lower tectoria in in·
nermost volulions but of tectum andkeriotheca in remaining outer volutions.
Alveolar structure distinct, especially inpenultimate and outermost volutions.
AYerage thickness of spirotheca of firstto seventh volutions for two specimens
8, 9. 20. 2-l, 40. 58 and 68 microns, respec·
tiYely. Prolocul us wall seemingly struc·tureless. consisting of a rather thick (12microns) single dense layer.
Septa almost plane in central portionof shell. but rather strongly 11uted inpolar extremities, forming small septal
loops.
Tunnel low to moderate in height andnarrow throughout shell, except for.4.5 .5.
Table 6.

U]Jper Carbonifero!ul F'1tsul:inids .from Hida

111

Measurements (in mm) of Protriticites nalwhatensis lsHIZAEI. n. sp.
Radius vector

Specimen Reg. No.
N106-1
N106-2

78379
78379

p.

1

.100

. 080
. 060

2

3

4

5

6

7

. 130 . 220 . 330. 100 . 170 . 270. 5~0. 1120. 8•10670. 950

Leng. Width F.R.
3.74?

1. 96 1.91'

Thickness of wall
1\106-1
I\106-2

78379
78379

. 012

.008

. 010

.020
. 008 . 020

. 020
.027

. 044 . 040. 036 . 096 . 068

Tunnel angles
N106-178379

22

outer volutions where it becomes wider.
Tunnel angles of second to sixth volutions for only one specimen 22. 23, 26,
31 and 40 degrees, respectively. Chomata
rather strongly developed from first
volution Lo maturity, asymmetrical withsteeper tunnel side slopes overhanging
in some cases, and gentle poleward
slopes. Height of chomata a third to
two thirds of height as chambers.
Rema·rks :-The present species ischaracterized by the spirotheca in theouter few volutions. consisting of a thintectum and alveolar keriotheca. althoughof four layers of a thin tectum, diaphanotheca, and upper and lower tectoria
in inner volutions. So far as the spirothecal structure is concerned, the species
at hand is closely allied to Triticites
matsumotoi KANMERA reported from the
Yayamadake limestone of Kyushu. The
writer considers that both, Triticites matsumotoi and the present species should
be referred to the genus Protriticites.
In many important characters. thepresent species is more or less similar
to the species previously reported fromJapan as Fusulinella pseudobocki (LEEand CHEN). At least. some of them arethought to be the same as the new species described above.

23

26

31

40

Specimen :-IGPS coil. cat. nos. 78379,(holotype), 78377 and 78379; sample no.
N106-1. N104-2 and Nl06-2.
References Cited
BEEDE. j. \V. and Kl'\!KER, H. T. (1924):
Species of the Genus Schwageriua andtheir Stratigraphic Significance. Unit·.
Texas Bull. No. 2433. pp. 1-97. pis. l-9
Du:--raAR. C. 0. and CmmRA. G. E. (1927): The
Fusulinidae of the Pennsyh·anian System
in Nebraska. 1\lebraska Geol. Sun• .. Bull.
2. 2nd Ser .. pp. 1-135. pis. 1-5.
- - and 1-h::--;n~-:sT. L. G. (1942): Pennylvanian Fusulinidae of Illinois. Illinois
Geol. Sun• .. Bull. 67. pp. 1-218.
- - and NJ~WELL. N.D. (1946): Marine
Early Permian of the Central Andes and
Its Fusuline Faunas. Amer. jour. Sci .. t•ol.
244, pp. 377-402 and pp. 457-491, pis. 1-12.
--and SKINNER. j. W. (1937): The Geologyof Texas. Vol 3. Permian Fusulinidac of
Texas. Uni11 Texas Bull. 3701. pp. 614616, pis. 48. figs. 13-26.
Ft'JIMOTO, H. (1941): Correlation of the
Carboniferous and Permian System in
Eastern Asia from the Standpoint ofFusulinid Fauna (in Japanese). Studying
Rept. Takushoku Daigaku. No. 1.
GoRDO~. Vol. A. (1962):
Problems of Paleontological Correlation with Particular Reference to Tertiary. !lmer. Assoc. Petrol.

112/{u-nihiro lSHIZAKI

Ceo/., t•o/. ·16. no. 3, .pp. a94-398.
GROZDILOBA. L P. and LEBEDEBA, N. S.
(1960): Foraminifera from the Carboniferous Rocks on the Western Slope ofUrals and Timan. Trady (B11igri), B 150,
Costoptexizdat, pp. 1-264, pis. 1-38.
HAKZAWA, S. (194,1): Stratigraphic Distribution of the Fusulinids Foraminifera
Found in South Manchuria and Japan.
japan. four. Geol. Geogr., t•ol. 19. nos. 1-4.
pp. 1-10, 2 tables.
HAYASAKA. I. (1924): On the Fauna of the
Anthracolithic Limestone of Omi-Murain the "Vestern Part of Echigo. Tohoku
Imp. Uni11 .. Sci. Repts., Ser. 2. t•ol. 8, pp.
1-83, pis. 1-7.
lGO, H. (1957): Fusulinids of Fukuji, South·
eastern Part of the Hida Massif. Central
Japan. Tokyo Bunl"ika Daigaku. Sri. Rept ..
Sec. C. t•o/. 5, 110. -17, pp. 153-246, pis. 1-15.
IsHII. K. (1961): Fusulinids from the !>."Iiddle
Upper Carboniferous ltadorigawa Groupin Western Shikoku, Japan. Part 3. Stratigraphy and Concluding Remarks. four.
Ins/. Po/ytedmics. Osaka City Unit•., Ser.
G. IHJl . .5, pp. 31-52.
- - (1962): Fusulinids from the Middle
Upper Carboniferous ltadorigawa Groupin Western Shikoku, Japan.
Part 2.
Genus Fusulinel/a and Other Fusulinids.
jour. Ceosci., Osaka City Unit'., t•o/. 6, qt·t.
1, pp. 1-58, pis. 6-12.
lsOl\H, H. and NozAWA, T. (1957): Explanatory Text to the Geological Map. Sheet
Funatsu, in the Scale of 1: 50,000, 43 pp.
IC~:o-;:>.!ERA,

K. (1952): Upper Carboniferous
and the Lower Permian in the Vicinityof Hikawa Valley. Kumamoto Prefecture.
Ceo/. Soc. japan four .. t•o/. 58. no. 616,
pp. 319-320.
- - (1954) : Fusulinids from the Yayamadake Limestone of the IIikawa Valley.
Kumamoto Prefecture. Kyushu, Japan,
Part I. Fusulinids of the Upper Middle
Carboniferous. japan. ]our. Geo/. Ceogr ..
z·o/. 25, pp. 117-14-l. pis. 12-14.
- - (1955): Fusulinids from the Yayamadake Limestone of the Hikawa Valley,
Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.
Part 2. Fusulinids of the Upper Carboni-ferous. Ibid., vo/. 26. nos. 3-4, pp. 177192. pis. 11. 12.
KAl"C~IA, M. (1953):
On Some Moscovian
Fusulinids from the Southern Part ofHida Plateau of Gifu Prefecture, Japan.
Bull. Tokyo Gakugei Univ., 1•ol. 4, pp. 2334. pl. 3.
- - (195R) : Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Southern Part of the
Hida Plateau and the Northeastern Partof the Mino Mounrainland. jubilee Pub!.,
Commemoration Prof. H. Fujimoto, pp. 148.
- - (1960): Fossil Zones in the Upper Carboniferous of japan. Particularly on the
Relation between the Triticiles Zone andPseudoschwagerina Zone. Fossils, No. 1,
pp. ·12-50.
Stratigraphical and
KAWAD!\, S. (1954):
Paleontological Studies of Omi Limestone
in the Itagamine District. Niigata Prefecture. Studies Geol. Jfin. Just., Tokyo Utlit•.
Educ., No. 3, pp. 15-27.
- - (195-1) : Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Omi Limestone in
the Mt. Kurohime District. Niigata Prefecture. Miscel. Rept. Res. !nsf. Nat. Res.,
lllo. 35, pp. 48-56.
LEE,]. S. (1927): Fusulinidae of North China.
Pa/eont. Si11ica. Ser. B, r·ol. 4. fasc. 1. pp.
1-123. pis. 1-24.
- - and CtJEN, S. (1930): Huanglung Limestone and Its Fauna, Protozoa. Foraminifera. Nat. Res. Just. Geol., ilJem. No. 9,
pp. 90-131i
LYLE, M.S. (1960): Pennsylvanian and Permian Fusulinids of the Ferguson Mountain Area Elko County. Nevada. Brigham
l'mmg Univ .. Geol. Studies, t•o/. 8, pp. 5592. pis. 7-16.
MtNATu. M. (1942): Unconformity of the
Pre-Sakamotozawa Stage (Pre-Sakmarian)in the Kitakami Mountainlands, Northeast Japan (in Japanese). four. Geo/. Soc.
japan, I'Ol. 49. no. 581. pp. -17-72.
MooRE. K C. (1940) : Carboniferous-Permian
Boundary.
_·!mer. Assoc. Petrol. Ceo/.,
Bull .. MI. 24. no. 2, pp. 282-336.
- - (1948) : Classification of the Pennsylvanian Rocks in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,

Upper Carboniferous Fusulinids from Hida:\febraska and Northern Oklahoma. :lmer.
Geol. Soc., Bull., t•o/. 32. no. 11. pp. 20112040.
- - and others (1944): Correlation of Pen·nsylvanian Formations of North America.
Geol. Soc ..·lmer.. Bull.. t•ol. 55, pp. 657-706.
pl. 1.
::\loRtKA\\"A, K (1956): Fusulinids from Ono·gata. Kamiyoshida-mura, Northern Partof Kwanto Mountainland. Saitama Unil•.
Sci. Rep/., Ser., B. t•ol. :!, 110. 2. pp. 219260. pis. 32-34.
--and KA\\"ADA. S. (1953): Fusulinidae
from the l'vlaemonkura Valley, \Vest of
Chichibu Mine. Bull. Chichibu Museum,Sat. His/ .. 110. 3, pp. IJI-64.
MYERS. D. A. (1960): Stratigraphical Distri·bution of Some Pennsylvanian Fusulin·
idae from Brown and Coleman Counties,
Texas. Ueo/. Sun·., l'rof. Paper. 315-C,
53 pp .. pis. 15-:24.
Ross. C. A. (1961): Fusulinids as Paleoccolo·
gical Indicators. ]our. Palemzt .. t·ol. 35,
1/0. 2, pp. 398-400.
SIIE="G. ]. C. (195~): Fusulinids from thePenchi Series of the Taitzeho Valley,
Liaoning. Paleont. Sinh·a, N. S. B. No. 7.
pp. 1-119. pis. 1-16.
SKt:--::"'ER, j. W. and WiLDE, G. L. (1951):
Fusulinid Wall Structure. four. Pah,ont.,l'OI 28, 1/0. 4, pp. 4cl5-451. pis. 46-5:!.
ScL\Rl. K. (1961) : Geological and Palcont·ological Studies in Central and Eastern
Shikoku. japan. Part 1. Geology. Toku·shima Unit•., Gakugei four .. :Yat. Sci., mi.
11. pp. 11-76. 6 figs. I chert. 1 map.
- - (1962): Geological and PaleontologicalStudies in Central and Eastern Shikoku,

Hida massif
junigatake
Nakahata
Xiugawa village'IR!il'llii!JID.
i .::--: ;li lfr
top

oJ:lllp:jj,llltt

113

japan. Part 2. Paleontology. Ibid .. 1'0!.
12, pp. 1-64. pis. 1-12.
RosovsKAYA. S. E. (1948): Classification and
Systematic Characters of the genus Tri·li<·ites. Doklady ..lead. Sci .. U.S.S.R .. twl.
59, ItO. 9. (>(l. 1635-1638.
- - (1949): Stratigraphic Distribution of
Fusulinids in Upper Carboniferous andLower Permian of Southern Ural. Ibid ..
rot. 96. no. 2. pp. 249-252.
- - (1950): Genus Triticites, its Evolution
and Stratigraphical Import:wce. Trans.
Pa/eo11!. Inst.. ..lead. Sci., U.S.S.R., t•o/.
26, SO pp .. 10 pis.
THo~IPSO:"'. M. L. (1948): Studies of Amcri·
can Fusulinids. Unit! .. K<lllsa.< Pal. Contrib.
/'rolozoa. art. 1, pp. 1-184.
- - (1951): Wall Structure of Fusulinid
Foraminifera. Cushman Lab. Foram. Re·
search Contr .. t•ol. 2. pp. 86-91. pis. 9. 10.
- - (195·1): Upper Desmoinesian Fusulinids.
Amer. jour. Sci., t'ol. 243. pp. 442-445.
- - , PtTRAT. C.\'{. and SA:"DERSO:--:. G. A.
(1953): Primitive Cache Creek Fusulinids
from Central British Columbia. ]our.
l'aleont .. mi. 27, no. 4, pp. 5,15-552, pis.
57-58.
ToRtYA~lA. R. (1941):
The Carboniferous
Foraminifera from the Sosan District.
North Heian-Do, Tyosen. four. Geol. Soc.
japan, t•o/. 48. no. 579. pp. 563-567.
- - (1958): Geology of Akiyoshi. Part 3.
Fusulinids of Akiyoshi. ll.!em. Fac. Sci ..
Kyuslm Fnir., Ser. D. l'ol. 7, pp. 1-264,
pis. 1-48.
Y ABE. II. (19.18):
Carboniferous-Permian
Boundary in Japan. Proc. japan Acad ..
t·o/. 34. no. 3, pp. 150-152.

Okuchichibu
Ono County
Yayamadake~~~:*fftiJ;~Li.Hit114

Eunihiro lSHIZ:lM

Explanation of Plate 16
Fusuliuel/a aff. efegaulula IsHII. Axial section, x20. JGPS coli. cat. no. 78375, specimen
no. NJ02-l.
Fig. 2. Fusuliue!la cfr. rlwmboides (LEE and Cm:"'). Rather imperfect axial section, x20, IGPS
coli. cal. no. 78376, specimen no. J\103-1.
Fig. 3. Eoschuberlella obscura (LEE and CIIE:"). Imperfect axial section, x20, IGPS coli. cat.
no. 7837<1. spcci men no. ~101-1.
Figs. 4, 5. Fusuliuefla jameseusis THO:'\li'SOX, PIT!L\T and SAXDERso.-:, Axial section. x22.
IGPS coli. cat. no. 78374. 78379, specimen no. ~101-2. :-\10-1-1.
Fig. 6. Fusulina sp. Ill oriented specimen. x 22. IGPS coli. cat. no. 78375, specimen no. J\102-2.
Figs. 7-11. Prolriticiles mtkahateusis ISHI7.AKI, n. sp.
7-Axial section. holotypc specimen. x?2. IGPS coli. cal. no. 78379, specimen no. Nl06-l.
8-Tangcntial section, paratype specimen, x22. IGPS coli. cat. no. 78377, specimen no.
NlO·I-2.
9-l'arallel section. paratype specimen. x22. IGPS coli. cat. no. 78379, specimen no. N106-2.
10-Part of 7. showing the spirothecal structure in axial section, x60. JGPS coli. cat.
no. 78379.
11-Part of 9. showing tht• spirothecal structure in >"agittal section, xGO, IGPS coli.
cat. no. 78370.
Fig. 1.

;·I SHI ZAKI :Upper Carboniferous Fusulinids from Hida

Plate 16

5

10KUMAGAI photo11Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S .. :l\o. 51. pp. 115-119, pl. 17, Sept. 10. 1963

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VARIATION OF FOSSIL
RA TTTJ.A.RTA. CU.lll:\IGI (CROSSEI FROM QUATERNARY..J5G.

DEPOSITS OF SOUTH KANTO. JAPAN*

JO]l l\AGASA\VA
lnst. Earth Sci .. Tokyo Gakugei University

ffiffi1l!}¥.ft:t:i,:; ') 'l '.::.-j-0)~~0)&~::

Wi~J#I!P.ft:G :t ') '7 '.::.-}-O)~fL~O)~~;~.f?

5\::~a:/fftO)•"·~ ·i'Ntn!!:•-=-~~t .Q J:lili!JltJiliO)i'liJi£0)-)!j/ijc !if~: · =:nn~~O)ri'ffli!t~fltO)wvcO)-t'ili)~tfll:lii lA~,fli<.m~_tar:t~··JiHtt t.t~!Ji coifi.Wli-=. -?I.. --r:!t ..:c-0)-i!ii.ii-=-.--.n.t~n=. t.~::t-o<ri~~f40)J1"i1Jn~N.h oa;n.t~t
7k iF ilJ€ (?{,Introduction
Though the \\Tiler had already madethe reports on the stratigraphical significance of the variation of Batillaria
multzformis and the influence of environ·ment on the variation of B. multi.Iorms
and H. wmingi, he also wishes to reporL
here on the relation between the variation of fossil specimens of B. {.umingi
which always found living in association
with B. multiformis in the low tidal zoneof japan and the environment, especiallysalinity of the sea water during the
Quaternary Period of South Kanto, Japan.
The writer divides the Recent andfossil Batil!aria cumingi into three types
according to the grade of developmentof the subsutural tubercles on theirshells: type A without subsutural tuber·cles except for the body \Vhorl. type Cwith prominent subsutural tubercles on
almost all whorls. and intermediate type

frequency of these types of the shells is
considerd to be the effects of a reflectionof the environment. suggesting that A
type is concerned with low salinity ofsea water and C type with rather highly
saline water.
Types of Batillaria cumingi
in Tokyo Bay
Table 1 shows the frequencies of three
types of the Recent B. cumill!fi collectedfrom Tokyo Bay.
The type of B. wmingi of Tokyo Bay
is generally A. and C type is only foundin the area outside the bay.
Types of B. cumingi in
Prehistoric Tokyo Bay
Table 2 shows the frequencies of typesof B. cumingi from older Holocene de·posits of the environs of Tokyo: Depos·
its of Prehistoric Tokyo Bay.
~dany specimens belonging to C typeha\·e been collected from older Holocene
deposits of Tokyo.
Their occurrence is of interest because

B.
As explained in the former paper, the*Received Oct. 4. 1962: read at the 82ndl\leeting of the Society, Sept. 29, 1962.

115

Joji NAGtlSA IVA

118

The northern border of the Miura Peninsula
Low.,
part

Byobugaura

ITotuka. Byobugaura I

1100

2 / Med. f.

--------------~----~--~-------The southern part of the Miura Peninsula
Low.
part

I '"I.tyatan: OkincIthe contemporary deposits in the l'vliura
Peninsula. the Byobugaura and \liyata
formations. except for the Iriyamazu
shell bed belonging to the upper depositsof the Narita group.
Their occurrence in the lower part of
the Narita group suggests that the PaleoTokyo Bay facing the open sea may havebeen rather highly saline waters in thelower Pleistocene.
But. the types of the shells from theupper part of the Narita group. w·hen
considered from each locality. show that
there were one location influenced byrather highly saline water and the other6! 11 I 83 \ 18 I Med. f.

locations where salinity of the bay \Vater
was low, during the upper or middle
Pleistocene.
The occurrence of C type shells in thelower Pleistocene of 1\1iura Peninsula
indicates the presence of rather highly
saline water.
References~AGASAWA, j.

(1960): On the Variation of
RajJana tllomasimza CROSS!': in the Plei-

stocene Formations of the Boso Peninsula(in Japanse). Sci. Rep.. Tohoku L'nit• ..
Sendai, 2nd Ser. (Geol.) SfJ<!t'. Vol., :Vo . .J,
pp. 502-508.

------- ----- - - - - - - - - -Explanation of Plate 17
Batiltaria cumingi (CROSSE)
Figs. 1-3.
Type C. sea cliff of Sanuki. Chiba Prefecture.
Fig.
'1.
Type C, Mizumoto, Nishiyatsu. Chiba Pref.
Figs. 5, 6.
Type C. 500 m east of Atebi, Zizodo, Chiba Pref.
Fig.
7.
Type C. Yabu, Chiba Pref.
Figs. 8. 9.
Type C. Tatsunokuchi. ncar Yokoda, Chiba I'ref.
Figs. 10, 11. Type C. Takata-no-scki. Chiba Pref.
Figs. 12-15. Type B. Takata-no-seki. Chiba Pref.
Fig. Hi.
Type A, Oyaru Chiha Pref.
Fig. 17.
Type B. Oyaru Chiba Pref.
Fig. 18.
Type A, Okido near Toke-machi. Chiba Pref.
Fig. 19.
Type B. Ochishimo-shindcn. Chiba Pref.
Fig. 20.
Type B, Kuniyoshi, ncar Takata-no-scki. Chiha Pref.
Figs. 21. 22. Type A, Banba, near Semata. Chiba Pref.
Fig. 23.
Type A. Matudo. Chiba Pref.
Figs. 24. 25. Type C. Totuka and Byobugaura. Kanagawa Pref.
Figs. 26, 27. Type C, Okine, near Shimo-miyata. Kanagawa Pref.
Figs. 28. 29. Type C. Koiwa-machi, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo City.
Fig. :JO.
Type C. Shiboguchi shellmound. Kanaga,,·a !'ref.
Fig. 31.
Type C. near the Kohoku bridge. Adachi-ku. Tokyo City.
(Figs. 1-9, 18-31: xl.3: Figs. 10 17: x1.5)

NAGASAWA :Plate 17

Variation of Batillaria cumingi

9

6

16

15

23

26

28

29

24

17

25

4.5(i.

Variation of Batillaria cwninyi- - (1961): The Stratigra1>hical Significanceof the Variation of Balillaria mulliformis(LISCIIKE) in South Kanto. Japan. Trans.
Proc. l'alaeont. Soc. japan, N. S., No. 43. pp.
99-10·1.
- - (1962): Influence of Em·ironment on the
Variation of Baliflaria multiformis (Lt·Arakawa
Adachi-ku
Atebi
Banba
Boso Peninsula
Byobugaura
Edogawa-ku
llonmoku
Iriyamazu
Kanto
Kiyokawa
Koiwa-machi
KohamaKohoku Bridge
Kurozuna
Kuniyoshi
Mabori
Makuwari
MatsudoMiyataMiura Peninsula
l'\'lizumoto

JfE

!I!

~.>LIS:

~

a

1lf

J.<J.

·m

Jjjtff;~t!J

fU!i\'riffi
L[pJr![~!&;;r:;....4

~

rj-..

*
'SiilT

']'

~

flij

m

I[J

rr .:it r,lji
!!!:

W>

Jiil

~:

.~

t\1[

~
f.l:

~

·&;

<.1

p
I±!

~iffi~lih

7K

5t

11!)

SCIIKE). Jbitf., ]\lo. 4/, pp. 284-288.
SAKAzt::-..m. N. (1952) :On the Molluscan

Shells of the Shell-Mounds on the Coastof Prehistoric Tokyo Bay (in Japanese).
japan. jotw. Jl!at., The Venus, Vol 17, No.
1. pp. 36-60.

NaritaNishiyatsu
Ochishimo-shinden
Ojii
Okine
Okido
Oyaru
Sa sage
Sanuki-machi
Semata-no-seki
Shiboguchi
Shimo-miyata
Shio-hama
Takata-no-sek i
Tatsunokuchi
Totsuka
Toke-machi
Toyonari
Yamamoto-nanamagari
Yabu
YokodaZizodoIH

II<.

&t!H!' F~fll
·I·
11!
·"'
flj

).:.. ;.t;:IU-·•·;}-: *

jci

/.

"t viti1F.

=!§

t£lll:llrf
ll\'I3(Q)ljfl-T f\1 1:1·r-· 'H ffi

m*~tiFHu:>'ll
1t (/) l1p.~:«.+. ~ IUf.ll~
II<.
llJ;t~ -t 1H1

l[t

tHt

!11

.l1l! iii., 'li;Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S .. No 51. pp. 120-127. pl. 18. Sept. 10, 1963

457.

POLLENFORMEN AUS DEN HITOJ\IARU-SCHICHTEN
IN DER YUYA-WAN GEGEND*KIYOSHI TAKAHASHI
Geologisches Institut der Universitat Kyushu

ithf't~Jti!~o:> .A.:Jtl\"1(7){tfa: I-111=1 ~i:Mtl!&iati-lliTrmo:>~.illW11!JL'i*m t.. t.:~~tf.W~o:>~.iH't
Ji¥it~· 0 ~ o:>!*tr-~fft.dEf,t • !IEFf-a-Rtlli t... rtm~o:>~~~:::. .1:-:> ·crtmmff!·$!¥Jt.dtt-t~
rr~ ·· .: o:>1tf»llfo:>»ttl.l=t£i!I:I*7Efalf'Fo:>t!ffl tfillt: L't:> o.: t a-IJiltl·l:. t.. L{t~)o:>ffi t..~,tiiMa-.r~~ t.. t.:..,
iili

<

m m

Einleitung
Geologischeundpalaontologische
Untersuchungen der tertiaren Ablager·
ungen in der Yuya-wan Gegend wurden
bisher von S. ll\tAJ\lURA & K. WADA
(1956, 1958). S. l:\1:\i\'lUJ:A & K. OKA:\IOTO(1959. 1962). K. OtcuroTo (1960, 1961! u. a.
durchgefiihrt. Bis heute gibt es aberkeincn Bericht i.iber die lVlollusken- undForaminiferenrcste aus den HitomaruSchichten. Von l'flanzenabdriicken kennt
man nur die Daibo-Fiora. Das Alter derHitomaru-Schichten konnte also nochnicht sicher bestimmt werden. Unterdiesen UmsUinden ist es sehr wichtig,
daB der Verfasser zahlreiche Pollen und
Sporen in den Hitomaru-Schichten gefunden und sic pollenstratigraphisch erforscht hat.
Hierbei ist der Verfasser Herren Prof.
Dr. Tatsuro :\lA TSUl\IOTo und Prof. Dr.
Ryuzo TORIYA~IA an der Universitat
Kyushu fi.ir wertvolle Hinweise undHerrn Dr. Kazuo OKAI'IIOTO an der Universitat Hiroshima fi.ir die ivlitteilungseiner Ansichtcn zu hcrzlichem Dank

* ReceiHd Oct. 29. 1962: Read Sept. 30.
1962.

verpflichtet. Ebenso muB er auch Herrn
Prof. Dr. Hermann \VEYLA:-:D. WuppertaiEiberfeld. der seinen Schriftsatz korrigierte. danken.

Fundort und Ilitomaru-Schit'hten
Die Probe wurdc ncbcn dcr Eiscnbahnlinie von San'in. bei Ura. Yuya-lV!achi.
Provinz Yamaguchi gesammelt (s. Abb.
1). Sie ist ein dunkelgrauer bis schwarzer di.innbrettartiger Schieferlon. der auf
dem unteren Teil der Hitomaru-Schichten
liegt. Dieser Schieferton wurdc im Eiscnmorser zerkleinert und mit Fluorwasserstoffsaure ~HFJ behandelt.
Nach K. 0KA\!OTO (1960. 1962J liegen
die Hitomaru-Schichten konkordant auf
der Hioki-Schichtengruppc.
Sie sindetwa 450 m machtig und bestehen hauptsachlich aus feinen Sandsteinen. Schiefertoncn. Tuffen u. a. Sie werdcn vonder Yuya-wan-Schichtengruppe diskordant bedeckt.
I'vlan kann im untercn Tcil der Hito·maru-Schichten eine Corbicula sp. finden.
Einige Blattabdri.icke wurden als DaiboFiora veroffentlicht. Folgende Spezies
wurden von S. E:--!DO bestimmt: Populus
cf. balsamoides GOEPP .. Carpiuus t{raJl(/is

120

457.

Pollenfonnen in der Yuya-wan Gegend

121

Platanus aceroides GoEPP .. Cinnamomumsp., J\;Jagnolia sp., Celastms sp.. Acer/zishikaiensis HUZIOKA, Cf. Marlea basiobliqua OISHI & HUZIOKA. lhr geologi·
sches Alter ist Oligo;din.
1<. 0KAl\IOTO (1962) hat die HitomaruSchichten mit den Waita-Schichten derAshiya-Schichtengruppe verglichen. Aberer hat keinen sicheren Beweis dafiir
erbracht.

Pollen und Sporen

0

2KM

Abb. 1. Fundort der Probe aus den Hitomaru-Schichten bei lJra. Yuya-wan Gcgcnd.

CNG .. Carpinus cf. grandis UxG., Koelreuteria cf. eointegrifo/ia E:-;oo, Planura cf.
uu~-reri
ETT.. Liquidambar formosana
IIA:\CE, Uquidambar trilobatum GOTH. &SAl'!' .. Ulmus longijo/ia ETT .. Ulmus sp.,Acer pictum TH .. Acer sp. (n. sp.J, Plat·
anus cf. aceroidcs GOEPP .. Ficus sp .. Cor·nus sp., Pinus ? sp. Er ist zu dem
SchluB gekommen, daB das Alter clieser
Flora unteres 1\liozan sci.
Die I3lattabdri.icke. die in Yamane und
Daibo gesammelt wurden. sind nach K.
HllZIOKA folgende: Acer subpictum SAP ..
An:r sp. (n. sp. ?). Rims sp .. l../lnms sp.,
Cinnamomum lmamurae HuziOKA, Pinus
sp .. Ulmus longifo/ia GOEPP .. Ulmus daibocusis HuZIOKA. Zel/wzoa Ungeri (ETT.)
Kov.. Liquidambar formosan a H AXCE,
Liquidambar elegantifolia HUZIOKA. Cf.

Die Pollen und Sporen sind verhalt·
nismaBig gut erhalten. Hier in llitomaru kann man Cupuliferen-Pollen vonTric:olpaten-Form. die im Alttertiar vie!
beobachtet werden konnen. nur sehrselten finden. Ungefiilgelter Koniferen·
Pollen, lnapeJturopoll. pseudodubius TAKAHASHI zeigt hicr cinen hOhercn Prozen·
tsatz des Auftretens. A.1nipoll. eminens(TAKAHASHI) von den dreicckigen undvieleckigen Pollen tritt mit hoherem
Prozentsatz auf. Der Verfasser findet
es auffallig. daB Tricolpopol/. meinoltamensis TAKAHASHI rotundus T AKAIIASIII
mit hi:ichstem Prozentsatz vorkommt.
Dieser Pollen ist aber pollenstratigraphisch nicht so wichtig. }vfonocolpatenPollen ist sehr scllen.
Periporopo/1.
asiaticus TAKAHASHI wurde zu 2.5 ?6 beobachtet. Diese Eigentiimlichkeiten dervorliegenden Pollengruppe unterscheiden
sich nicht von denen des Sasebo-Pollcnbildes.
Periporopoll. poru/ostts TAKAHASHI und
1\licroreticulatispor. pusillus (TAKAHASIII)
wurden von dem Verfasser (1962) in den
eoz~inen Kohlenftozen von Ishizuchi gefunden. Der erstere Pollen tritt hier in
Hitomaru mit verhaltnismaBig hohem
Prozentsatz auf. abcr die letztere Spore
sehr selten. Tuberculatispor. pamierinaceus TAKAHASHI wurde bei cler Besch·122

1\iyoshi 'l'A.KAHASlll

reibeung der Pollen und Sporen aus den
Sakamizu-Schichten der Ashiya-Schichtengruppe veroffentlicht. Der Neuling.
Tricolporopoll. hitomarue11sis n. sp., wurde
verhaltnismaBig ofl gefunden. Subtriporopo/l. consimifis T AK:\IIASHI wird bci
der Darstellung der Pollen und Sporen
aus der !-Iioki-Schichtengruppc beschrieben.
A)

I I.

12.

20,96

11.\SHI . . . . .

Inaperturopoll. laet•iJ;atus................................ 1.%

D)

TAKAHA·

Sill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0. 5%
Dreicck -und Vieleckpollen=23. 55't
3. ? Triporopoll. festal us T '"'All AS Ill(Betulaceae) . . . . . . .
0. 'i.%·1.
? Triporopoll. kasuyaensis TAKAHASII 1 (cf. Bctulaceac) ........ 0. 5,90
5. Subtriporopoll. kyusltuensis TAK AHA·
s111 (Carya ?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3~6
6. Subtriporopoll. consimilis T .·\K AH.·\SIII.........
··········
0.5%
7. .4./nipol!.
emi11e11s(TAKAII.-\SHI)Trirolpopoll. mei11olwmensis TAKAHASHI roltmdus TAJ-:AHA:iHI .. 26%
1·1.
Tricolpopoll. microrefi,·ulalus TAKAIIASIII (Salix, f'/alall/15 \1. a.) •... 1,%
15. Trico/popol/. striatel/us TAK.-\IIASIII... .. ....
·········· ····· 0.5%
Jlottocolpaten-Pollen
I 6. ? Mmwco!popo!f. ll_mshuensi.~ T AhA·
HAS Ill (Pal mae, Ginkl-(oinae) .. 0. 5.%
Trico/pomten-Pollc·n
17. TriuJ!poropol/. inccrtus TAKAIIASHI

E)

18.

C)

·····················
Trico/poropoll. cc.<taneoides

1%'L\K.\·

20(Castanea-Form) ...... 0. 5%
T r i r·of po ro poll. 111 i ,·roret i r ul fl t 11 s
Til< ·~ISO:>: & PFIXl; .......... 0. 5.%
Tri,·o/poropoll. nagatoensis T.\1'.\llA·

21.

Tri•olporopoll. Jzitomarumsis T \K A·
H.-\,;111. .. .

.. .. .. .. .. ..

22.

Periporopo/l.

asiatims

H.·\SIII19.

Sill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2_%...... ' . ' .................... . 13. 5$£

Ulmipol/.
grant/is
TMUdlASIII(Ulmaceae) . . . . . . . . .
. .. 1.%
9. Polyporopol/.
mtdu/osus\YoLrF(Ulmus u. Zelkom)... -!. 5;J6
Tricolpaten-Pollcn
8.

Tricolpopoll. ditis 'L\1-~AIHSlll (Cu·puliferae). .... .... ......
2.5%
Triro/jxJpol/. m/garis TAKAHASHI(Cupuliferac) ................ 0. 5%
Trim/popo/1. meinolwmensis T.AKAHASIII
meinoltamensis TAK.·\11.-\Slll

13.

Ungetlligelte Konifcren-Pollen=20. 5%
1. Inaperturopoll. pseudodubius TAKA·

2.
B)

10.

F)

G)
H)

..... 2.5%
Paiporopol/. porulosus T .-\h .\11.-\Slll(l'crsimri(l u. a.).
. .... 6. 5%
Sporen=:{%
~3.

50

20

10

···-- -~---.LI_ __ ._a aI0-11 12 15 14 15 •• 17 Ia 18 ao21 22aa 24 as 28 27 28

Pollendiagramm der Hitomaru-Schichtcn.
(;\'umrncr 1 ~8 sidH· oben Tabelle im Text):\bb. 2.

. .. 8%TAK .\11.\SHI

.457.

l'ollenfonnen in der Yuua-wan Geuencl? Cicatricosispor. sp. . ....... 0. 5,%
25. ;VJicroreticulalispor. pusillus (TAK ..\·H •.\5111) .
0. 5,%
26. ? .1Jicroreliculalispor. sp ....... 0. 5,%
2i. Tuberculatispor. pan:ierinaceus TA·

24.

00

KAIIASHI

28.

..............

00

00

•

......................

1,%

Tuberculatispor. sp. . ......... 0. 5,%

Pollenstratigraphisch gehort die Sasebo· unci Ashiya-Schichtengruppe zum
Sasebo-Pollenbild. Deshalb bestchen fi.ir
die Hitomaru-Schichten die beiden Mog·
lichkeiten, daB man sic mit einem Teilder Ashiya- und Sasebo-Schichtengruppe
vergleichen kann. Eine bestimmte Stel·lung zu dieser Frage kann der Verfasser
jetzt aber noch nicht einnehmen.

Beschreibung der neuen Sporomorphae
Oberabteilung: Sporites
H. PoTO!\IE, 1893
Abteilung: Trilctes (REI1-<SCH)!BRAH!l\1, 1933

123

SP!WMONT, haben DELCOURT und SPRUl\10:\T (1955, S. 17. Taf. 1. Fig. El. Abb.
1: S. 19. Abb. 2) aus der unteren Kreide
von Hainaut, Belgien beschrieben.
N. A. BOI.KHOVITIKA (1961) hat einige
ahn\iche Arten unter dem Gattungsnamen
Pelletieria beschrieben: Pelletieria media·
striata BoLKIIO\'ITIKA (S. 66, Taf. 19, Fig.
3a. b : Taf. 21. Fig. la-c). Pelletieria tersa(KARA·l'viUI~SA) BOLKHOVITI.'\A (S. 66-67,
Tat. 19, Fig. 4a··e; Taf. 21, Fig. 4a-d;
Taf. 22. Fig. la-s) : Pelletieria mzdabila(BoLKI!OVITIKA) (S. 67. Taf. 19. Fig. 15);
Pelletieria clara (BOLKHOVITI.'\.\) (S. 6768, Taf. 19. Fig. 6a, b); Pelletieria val·
ge11sis BOI.KIIOVITI='A (S. 19. Fig. 7a, b);
Pel/etieria minutaestriata BOLKHOVITI='A(S. 68. Taf. 20. Fig. 1a-f: Taf. 21, Fig.
3a-d); Pelletieria minor (I30LKIIOVITINA)(S. 68. Taf. 19. Fig. 8: Taf. 21, Fig. 3ad); Pel/etieria padfica BOLKHOVITINA (S.
69, Taf. 22. Fig. Za-g ; Taf. 22. Fig. 2ad).

Formgattung: Cicatriwsisporites
R. POTO:'i!E & GEI.LETICH. 1933

Formgat tung: Jlllicroreticulatisporites(KNOX) PoTONIE & KRD!l', 1955

" Cicatricusisporites sp.

? Micmreticulatisporites sp.

Taf. 18. Fig. I.

Taf. 18. Fig. 2.

Diese Art, die ungeniigend erhalten
ist, ist sehr groB. ihre Exine canaliculat.
Diese !\Juri verlaufen :1: parallel undkreuzen sich ± unter spitzem Winkel.
Y ·!\Iarke ?.
Die vorliegencle Spezics isl cler mit·
teleuropaischen all t ert iii rcn Art, Cicat ricosispor. dorogensis 1~. PoT. & GELL.
(THOc\'ISO.'\ & PFLCG. 1953. Taf. 1. Fig.
l-12t. ahnlich. F. THIERGART (1940. Taf.
6, Fig. 1: Taf. 7. Fig. 25; Tat. 8, Fig.
l. 2. 5. 6. 91 hat dieselben Formen als
Mohria· Ty p abgebildet. .Morphologischahnliche kretazeische Formen. Cicatri·cosispor. ha!lei DEI.COUWI' & SPRU:>IO:\T
und Cicatricosispor. setmrdi DELCOURT &Die vorliegende Art ist 32.5 ,a groB.
}\quatorkontur kreisformig.
Y·:\larke
nicht erkennbar. Muri treten etwas ancler Ober!liiche hervor. Netz vieleck igoder lang. Sic isl cler westjapanischenmioz~inen Spezies. Retic~tlatispor. saseboensis TAKAHASHI {1961, S. 282-283, Taf.
15, Fig. J-31. sehr ahnlich. Bei der er·
steren I< ann man cine Y· ~Iarke nicht
erkennen. Auch kann die erstere nach
der Form des Nctzes von der letzteren
unterschieden werden.
Die botanische Zugehorigkeit ist fraglich.
Oberabteilung: Pollenites

R. PoTONTf.:. 1931

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

124

Abteilung: Longaxones PFLUG 1953
Formgattung: Trico!poropnl/enites

sehr ahnlich. Die letztere ist kleiner als
die erstere.
Die botanische ZugehOrigkeit ist fraglich.

Tl!0:1!50i'l & PFLUG, 1953

Tricot poropo!fenites lzitomaruensis
n. sp.
Taf. 18, Fig. 19-23.

Diagnose :-Ca. 27-30,u groB. Figura
breit-ellipsoidisch bis kugelig. Breitentangenindex 0.74 bis 1. Polkappenkontur
halbkugelig bis unterhalbkugelig. Drei
Colpen konvergieren polwarts. Cavernaereichen fast von Pol zu PoL sie sindverhaltnisma.Big tief. Der Hauptporus
ist verhaltnismaBig klein und rundlich.
Der Porus greift seitlich etwas i.iber die
Caverna hinaus. Exine sehr di.inn. chagrenat.
H nl n typ u s:-Ca. 27,u gro.B; Taf.
18, Fig. 23; Praparat GK-V 1576.
Locus typicus:-Untere HitomaruSchichten. Cra, Yuya-Machi. Provinz
Yamaguchi.
Stratigrap/iisclzes
Verlzalt e n :-Diese neue Spezies wurde bisher
nur im Schieferton der Hitomaru·Schichten gefunden. Die Pollengruppe gehort
zum Sasebo· Pollenbild.
Be z i e lz u n g en :- Die betreffende
neue Spezies ist den anderen japanischen
tertiaren Arten. Trico!Poropoll. incertus
TAKAHASHI (1961. S. 322-323, Taf. 21.
Fig. 50-52j. Tricolporopoll. miaoporifer
TAKA HASH! (1961. S. 323-324. Taf. 2·1.
Fig. 57-58) und Tricolporopol!. asperatus
TAKAHASHI (1961, S. 324. Taf. 25, Fig.
1-3). ahnlich. Die erstere kann nach
GroBe und Form der Poren von den drei
letzteren unterschieden werden.
Die
erstere ist auch der miozanen Art aus den
Ainoura-Schichten (Sasebo-Kohlenfelcl),
Tricolporopoll. yosliinouraensis TAKAIIA ·SHI (1961. S. 324-325. Taf. 25, Fig. 4).

Literaturverzeichnis
6o.nxoBI-lTHHa. H. A. (1961):

l1cKouaCMhle 11

COBpe~ICHHhiC CnOphl Ce~teiiCTBa CXH3CiiHhJX.

AKaoe.tru!l HayK CCCP. Tpyobl zeo.wzu'f·
ecKozo uHcmumyma. BhlnycK 40. 1-176,

Tao. 1-41.
CocPER, R. A. (1953): Upper .Mesozoic andCainozoic spores and pollen grains fromNew Zealand. New Zealand Geo/. Sun·.
Paleonl. Bull.. 22, l-77, pis. 9. text-figs. :l.
tab. 3.
- - (1954) : Plant microfossils from New
Zealand No. l. Trans. Roy. Soc. New
Zealand, 81, (J). 479-483. figs. 9, textfig. l.
DEL.cm;RT. A. et SPRDIOZ'T. G. (1955): Lesspores et grains de Pollen du Wealdien
du Hainaut. (in catalog of fossil sporesand pollen, ·1), Soc. Beige de Geol. dePalaont. llydrolog.. ;v/em, Nrmz• .. Ser., 4.
(5). 1-73. pi 4. texttig:;. 15. tab. 3.
ERDTI\IA:'\. G. (1952): Pollen morphology ami
plant taxonomy, angiosperms. 539, Chronica
Botanica Company.
- - (1954) : An intrnductimt to pol/en analysis.
239. Chronica Botanica Company.
lKVSE, Masa (1956) : Pollen grains of japan.
(in Japanese). 303. pis. 1-76. Hirakawa
Publishing Co .. Tokyo.
b.JAI\IL'RA. S. und WADA. K. (1956): Uber
die Hishikai-Schichtengruppe in der Yuyawan Gegend. Prov. Yamaguchi (Abstrakt). (jap.) ]our. Geol. Soc. japan, 62.
('7 30). 390.
- - und - - (1958) : Das von fossiler Flora
geurteilte geologische Alter der AshiyaSchichtengruppe in der Yuyawan Gegcnd,
Pro\'. Yamaguchi (Abstrakt). (jap.), ]our.
Geol Soc. japan. 6-1. ('759). iOO.
btA~tUL\, S. und OKAMOTO. K. (1959) : Stratigraphie unci Struktur der jung- und altteniaren Schichten in der Yuyawan Gegend. Prov. Yamaguchi (Abstrakt). (jap.),
Ibid. 65. (766). 4,10-441.

Pollenfonnen in der Yuya-wan Geuend

~

I

]

I

KRt:TZSCH. W. (1957): Sporen und Pollengruppen aus der Oberkreidc und dem
Terti1ir Mitteleuropas und ihre strati·
graphischc Verteilung.
Z. angewal/(lfeGt!ol .. lleft 11112. 509-5·18. Taf. 1-16. Tab.
1-2.
i\Ii..'JHHGEil. F. und PFl.A;>;ZL,G. (1955): Pollenanalytische Datierung einiger hessischer Braunkohlen. Sotizbl. hess. L.·.-lmt
Bodeuforsch .. 83. 71-89.
OGL'RA. T. (1918): Geologischer Bericht von
Ootsu-gun. Pro\·. Yamaguchi. (jap.) Rep.
Geo/. Sun·. japan. (66). 1-48.
- - (1919): Vber die tertiaren Schichten\'On Ootsu-gun. Pro\·. Yamaguchi. (jap.).
jour. Geogr .. 31. (364). 238-2-!5.
OKA~IOTO. K. (1960):
Kleinforaminiferengruppc der tertiaren Schichtcn. bei derYu·
yawan Gegcnd. Prov. Yamaguchi (vorlaufige Mitteilung). (jap.), Foraminiferen(l'ukooclm). 11. ·17-53.
- - (1961): Cenozoic formations of Tsunu·
shima (Island). Hohoku-cho. Toyoura-gun,
Yamaguchi Prcrccture (in Japanese withEnglish abstract). jour. Geol. Soc. Japan,
67, (191). ,176-18:3- - und hiA~I!:Ic\, S. (1962): Tertiares Sys·
tem bci Yuyawan. Prov. Yarnaguchibesondcrs tiber die .. Ashiya "·Schichtengruppe (Abstrakt), (jap.), Ibid., 68, (802)-113-·ll·l.

PFLA:-.zL. G. (1956): Das Alter der Braunkohlen des MeiBners. der Floze 2 und 3
des Hirschberges und eines benachbarten
Kohlenlagers bei Landenbach. Notizbl.
hess. L·Amt Bodenforsclz .. 84, 232-244.
PFLec, II. D. (1953): Zur Entstehung und
Entwicklung des angiospermidcn Pollens
in der Enlgeschichte. Palaeotztographica,
B. !15. 60-171.
- - (1956): Beitrage zur Klimageschichte
Islands II. Sporen und Pollen von Trol·
latunga (Island) und ihre Stellung zu
den pollcnstratigraphischen Bildern Mit·
teleuropas. i'l. ]b. geo/. paliiont., Abh. 102.
(3). 109-430, Taf. 17-19.
- - (1959): Beitriige zur Klimageschichte
Islands VIII. Sporenbilder aus Island undihrc stratigraphische Deutung. Ibid .. Abh.
107. (2). 141-172. Taf. 12-16.

125

PoTO:"IE. Robert (1931a) : Zur Mikroskopie
der Braunkohlen, Tert ii\re Bltilenstaubformen. Z. Braunkohle, !le-ft 16. 30. 325333, Taf. 2.
- - (193lb): Pollenformen dcr miozanen
Braunkohle.. Sitz. Ber. Gcs. Natzof. Fr ..
1-3, 24-28.
- - (1931c): Pollcnformen aus tertiiircn
Braunkohlen. ]b. Preuss. geol. L.-.4mt, 52,
1-1. Fig. 3-t.
- - (193ld): Zur Mikroskopic der Braunkohlen. Tertiiirc Sporen und Blutenstaubformen. z. Braunkohle, /left 21. 30. 554556. Abb. 16.
- - (1934): Zur Mikrobotanik des eoziinen
Humodils des Geiseltals.
.-lrb. !nsf.
Palaeonl. Petrogr. Bremzst. Preuss. geol.
L.-Amt. 4. 25-125. Taf. 1-6.
- - (1956): Synopsis der Gattung der Sporae
dispersae I. Teil: Sporites. Beih. Geot.
]b .. Heft 23, 1-HH. Taf. 1-11.
- - (1958) : Synopsis dcr Gattungen derSporae dispersae. 11. TL•il: Sporites (Nach·
trage). Saccites. Alctes, Praecolpates,
Polyplicates. Monocolpales. Ibid. (31),
1-11·1. Taf. 1-ll.
- - (1960) : Sporologie de1· coziincn Kuhle
von Kalewa in Burma. Senckeubergiana
lethaea . .Jl, l/6, 451- 1lfH. Taf. 1-2.
TAKAHASHI. Kiyoshi (1957): Pal}·nologisch·stratigraphische Untersuchung der ter·tiaren Schichten im Kasuya und Fukuoka
Kohlenfeld \'on Nordkyushu. Japan . .Hem.
Fac. Sci. 1\yushu Uniz•. 5. (·1). 199-221.
Taf. 38-39. Abb. 1-6. Tab. 1-3.
- - (1961): Pollen und Sporen des west·
japanischen Alttertiars und J\liozans (I).
(II). Ibid .. 11, (2). 151-255, Tab. 1-15.
Abb. 1--!0; (3). 279-3-15, Taf. 13-27.
- - (1962) : Pollenformen aus den eozanen
Kohlenflozen von lshizuchi.
Ibid. 12,(1). 1-26, Tab. 1, Abb. 1-2, Taf. 1-5.
- - (1963): Pollen und Sporen aus dem
Schieferton von Ashiya. :\ordkyushu. ]a·pan. jour. Geol. Geogr.,- - (1963): Sporenpaliionlologische Unter·suchungen der Hioki-Schichtengruppevon \Vaku und Kiwako. J\/em. Fac. Sci.,
Kyuslm Unit•., J.J, ( 1),
THIERGART, F. (19-10): Die Mikropalaontolo·

12()

Kiyoshi T,IKA!lASHl

gie als Pollenanal~·se im Dienst dcr Braunkohlcnforschung. BremtstoffGeol.. H,!ff
13. 1-82. Taf. 1-14. Tab. 3.
THoMso:-;, P. W. und PFLUG, H. D. (1953):
Pollen und Sporen des mitteleuropaischen
Tertiiirs. Palilermtographica. IJ. 9·1, 1-138.
Taf. 1-15. Abb. 20. Tab. 4.
TRA\'ERsE. Alfred (1955): Pollen analysisof the Brandon lignite of Vermont.
Bureau of Mines. Rep. Invest. 5151. U. 8.
Dept. Interior. 1-107. pis. 8-13. textfigs.
1-7.
WADA. K., l~IA~Ilii{A, S. und fi.-'\SE. A. (1951):
Alttertiare Schichten des ostlichen Bezir·
kes yon Yuya-wan, Ootsu-gun. Prov. Yamaguchi. (jap.). (Abstrakt). jour. Ceo/.
Soc. fajxm. 57. (670), 306.
\VADA, K. und biA:O.Jt;RA. S. (1952): Altier·tiare Schichten des nordwestlichen Bezir·
kes von Toyoura-gun, Prov. Yamaguchi(jap.). (Abstrakt). Ibid., 58. (682), 30i.
Wr·:YJ.A:"D. II. unci KRIEGER. W. (1953) : Die

Sporcn und Pollen der Aachener Kreide
und ihrc Bedeutung ftir die Charakter·sicrung des mittleren Senons. Pa/aeonfo·~traPhica. B. 95, 6-29, Taf. 1-5.
WEYLA:-;u, II. und. GREIFELD, G. (1953): Uber
strukturbietendc Blatter und ptlanzliche
Mikrofossilien aus den untersenonen
Tonen der Gegend von Quedlinburg.
Ibid.. 11. 95, 30-52. Taf. 6-13. Ahh. 4.
WEYLAI'\D. II. und PFLt'G. H. D. (1957): Die
Pflanzenreste dcr plioziinen Braunkohle
von Ptolemais in Nordgricnland I. Ibid ..
B. 102. 96-109, Taf. 21-22.
WEYLA:"D, II. und TAKAHASHI, K. (1961) :Pfianzenreste a us der Braunkohlengruhe"lierman" bei l!eerlen. Hollandisch Limburg. Ibid, B, 109. 93-107. Taf. ·12-44.
WoDEHot.:sE, R. P. (1933) : Tertiary Pollen.
II. The oil shales of the Eocene Green
River formation. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
60, 479-524. textfigs. 56.
(1935): Pollen grains. 5H 1\fcGraw-Hill

Erklarung zu Tafel 18(ca. 8:32 fach vcrgr.)
Fig. 1. ? Cicatricosispor. sp. Praparat GK-V 1576.
Fig. 2. ? .\licroreticulatispor. sp. Priiparat GK-V 1576.
Fig. 3. Tubercu/atispor. sp. Praparat GK-V 1576.
Fig. 4. Tuberw/atpor. pan,ierinaceus T AKAIIASHI Praparat GK- V 1576.
Fig. 5. ? .Uonocoipopoll. kyushuensis TAKAHASIH Priiparat GK-V 1575.
Fig. 6. Jmrperturopoll. pseudodubius T.·\KAIJASIII Priiparat GK-V 1575.
Fig. 7. Alnipol/. eminens (TAKAHASHI) Praparal GK-V 1576.
Fig. 8-10. ~·lmipo/1. undu/osus WoLFF
Fig. 8: Praparat GK-V 1575; Fig. 9: Priipart GK-V 1:')76: Fig. 10: Pdiparat GK-V 1577.
Fig. 11. Subtriporopo/1. consimilis T AKAll Asill Prapara t G K- V 1576.
Fig. 12. Polyporopo/1. gram/is TAK:\IIASI!I Praparat GK-V 1575.
Fig. 13. Tricolpopoll. microreticulatus T AKAIIASHI Priiparat GK-V 1576.
Fig. J.t. Tricolpopo/1. mtfgaris TAKAIIASHI l'riiparat <.iK-V 1575.
Fig. 15-18. Trico/popo/l. mei110flamensis TAKAHASHI rolundus TAKAHASIII
Fig. 15, 16: Priiparat GK-V 1576: Fig. 17: Praparat GK-V 1575. Fig. 18: Praparat GK-V
1577.
Fig. 19-23. Tricolporopoll. hitomaruensis n. sp.
Fig. 19. 21. 23: Praparat GK-V 1576; Fig. 20. 22: Praparat GK-V !575; Fig. 23: Holotypus.
Fig. 24-26. Periporopol/. jxJI'It{osus TAKAli!\Slll
Fig. 2,1: Pr~iparat GK· V 1575; Fig. 25. 26: Praparat GK-V 1576.
Fig. 27. Periporopo/1. asiaticus TAKAHASHI Priiparat GK-Y 1576.

TAKAHAS HI:Pollenformen tn der Yuya-wan Gegend

Tafel 18

457'.

Pollenformen in der Yuya-u•rtn Geaend

book Company. New York and London.
E. D. (1957):
Stratigraphic
significance of pollen grains of gymno·
sperms of the Cenozoic deposits of the

ZAKLI:'\SKAJA,

127

lrtysh basin and of the northern Aralbasin. (in catalog of fossil spores andpollen. ·1). Acad. Sci. USSR. zrorlis Geo/.
!nsf. Coulr., 6. 1-18•1. pis. 17.

---------Daibo
1-Iitomaru
Ura

YamaneYuya-rnachi
Yuya-wan,,, w.
ifh.f!.mr
itt ft.~128

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

r:J:4~ii~!fff1~~~ s4@£9ll~:t->.ta R*~m.:::.~
1;: f~T 7.> ::..- / rtt ::; 9 t, ti 1963 ~ 6 .F.! 1.2 !=t:ll!~t:k~:tlJ!~$~!fff1~~~;lt'll~l*IC:ti~ '"Lf#Hilr~ttt..: ({71J~~~~- 31~Lm (6 fl 1 a):ltii1Jif!:tif.f£tcim I-!!~ ::t 1 7 J O)~f-j\IC "':) t' "L(It~) ... · · .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. · · · .. ~iU~ii:i:
Additonal Microplankton from the Mio-Piiocene Wakura Diatomaceou5 Mudstone
Member in Koto Peninsula, Central Ja·pan (ftib'i) .................... Norio FUJI
Note on the Eocene Larger Foraminiferafrom Amakusa. Kyushu. Japan ....... .
. . . . Shoshiro HANZAIL\ and Hideo URAL\
Jl,iliJ;iJ~HJfO);fHL!UIC"':)P"L · · · · · · · · · · · .:k,~-fh
m~*-&:imiiMw.; (1)lfJ¥fttt:trit.'1!. <1t~) ....
. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. .... -¥f*jj[lli.j

On the Wall-structure of Some Planktonic
Foraminifera .............. Hiroshi UJIIE
Remarks on the Foraminiferal Genus Pseu·
docibicidoides . ............... Hiroshi U J liE~:

Diphyphy/lum from Itoshiro. Fukui Prefecture. Japan (1\:.;b',:) .......... Hisayoshi i<;oBryozoa from Pulau Jong, the Langkawi
Islands. Malaya (fl:;t"G) .. Sumio SAKAGA:\11;kG Ufi1J!1_f0.) tJ ;/ -j I) 1' ~{(::tj!l¥0.:lflfUp · · · · · ·................................. . 1]\~t!Permian Bryozo from the Yamanba Limestone. Sakawa Basin, Shikoku, Japan(ft:b\:) .................. Sumio SAKAG.-\:\11
On the jurassic Trigoniids from the Tetori
Group in the Arimine District, Central
japan (1\::;j'i't) ................ Shiro l\1.\EDA
On the Variation of Fossil and l~ccenl Ra·
paua I homasiana in Japan ............. .
...... Saburo KA:-iiWJ and Takashi OH.-\IL\
Two Species of Fossil Cormwla from theJapanese Tertiary .......... Hiroshi UJIIE
11:~7 4'- :/<'li~\!C"':)~ 'L ... · · -f~~ J'.1j. i1 ~JIUE'.itl

C::..-;/:f. :/ •7 .L.. J El ;.t;:;WfU~~::.J{~!:lYA-9 7.> if.l'f.'{;)1~(6}3 ~fl. ~~lf-!61'.)shall call a Special Meeting at the written request of more than one-third of
the members. The request shall be granted only if the written statement fully
explains the reasons for assembly and items for discussion.
Article 19. Members unable to attend the General Meeting may gi\·e an attenCling member
a written statement signed by himself trusting the bearer with the decisionof business matters. Only one attending member may represent one absentee.
Article 20. The decison of the General Meeting shall be by majority vote. When thenumber of votes is equal. the President shall cast the deciding vote.
Article 21. The President and Councillors shall compose the Council. The dicision of theGeneral Meeting concerning administration shall be considered and implemented
by the Council.
Article 22. The Exccut ive Council shall carry out the decisions of the Council.
Article 23. The fiscal year of the Society shall begin on the first of January each year andend on the thirtylirst of December of the same year.
Article 2·1. The amendments to the Constitution of the Society shall be decide<] at theGeneral Meeting and must be approved by more than lwo·thirds of those mem·hers who are in attendance.
Addendum I) Voting in the Council shall be by unsigned ballot.
(1962. Jan. 20)

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CONSTITUTION

of the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Article 1. The Society shall be known as the Palaeontological Society of Japan.
Article 2. The object of the Society is to promote the study and popularization of palaeon·
tology and related sciences.
Article 3. The Society. to execute Article 2. shall undertake the following business:
1. Issue the Society journal and other pub I ications.
2. Hold or sponsor scientific le6tures and meetings.
3. Popularize the science by field trips, scientific lectures and other projects.
4. Aid and encourage research work; award outstanding contributions to
the Society; carry out the objectives stated in Article 2.
Article 4. To attain the object of the Socie:y, the Society may, by decision of the General
Meeting. establish within it research committees.
Article 5. The society shall be composed of members who are active or interested inpalaeontology or related sciences.
Article 6. The members shol be known as Regular Members. Fellows. Patron and Honorary
Members.
Article 7. Persons desiring membership in the Society are requested to fill out the necessary application forms and receive the approval of the Council.
Article 8. Fellows are persons who have held Regular Membership in the Society for morethat ten years. have contributed to the science of palaeontologr. have been
nominated by five Fellows and a!>proved by the Council.
Article 9. Patrons are organizations supporting Article 2 and recommended by the Council.
Article 10. Honorary 1Iembers are persons of distinguished achievement in palaeontology.
They shall be recommended by the Council and approved by the General Meeting.
Article 11. The members of the Society shall be obliged to pay the annual dues stated in
Article 12. Members shall enjoy the privilege of receiving the Society journaland participating in the activities stated under Article 3.
Article 12. The rates for annual dues shall be decided by the General Meeting. Rates forannual dues are: Regular Members. Yen 800: Fellows. Yen 1,300; and Foreign
Members. S 5.00, for which they will receive special publications in addition to
the Society journal: Patrons are organizations donating more than Yen 10,000
annually: Honorary Members are free from obligations.
Article 13. The budget of the Society shall be from membership dues. donations and bestowals.
Article H. The Society. by decision of l he Council. may expel from membership persons
who have failed to pay the annual dues or those who have disgraced the Society.
Article 15. The officers of the Society shall be compose I of one President and fifteen Coun·cillors, among whom several shall be Executive Councillors. The term of office
is two years and they may be eligible f;,r re-election without limitation. The
President may appoint several persons who shall be Secretaries and Assistant
Secretaries. An Executive Council shall be nominated and approved by theCouncil. Councillors shall be elected from Fellows by vote of returned mailunsigned ballot.
Article 16. The President shall be a l'ellow nominated and approved by the Council. The
President shall represent the Society and supervise the business affairs. The
President may appoint a Vice-President when he is unable to perform his duties.
Article 17. The Society may have the honarary President. The honorary President shall berecommended by the council and approved by the General Meeting. The honorary President may participate in the Council.
Article 18. The Society shall hold regularly one General Meeting a year. The President
shall be Chairman and preside over the administrative affairs. The program
for the General Meeting shall be decided by the Council. The President may
call a special meeting when he deems it necessary. The General Meeting re·quires the attendance of more than one·tenth of the members. The President