a .ft,--~;- ±~ ~~4l*·i~fTransactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 5-t-Palaeontological Society of japan

June 30th, 1964

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

467.

Notes on the Foraminiferal Genus Pseudocibicidoides...... Naoaki AOKI

468.

Microplankton from the Asagai Formalion in the Joban Coal-field ....... .

195. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI 201

469. Some l\hcldlc Permi:m Aviculopcctinidae from the Kitakami Massif, North·easl Japan ............................................ Masafumi MuRATA

215

470. On the Occurrence of Gonialiles (s. s.) from the Hida Massif, Central Japan............................................................ 1-lisayoshi lGO 234
PROCEEDINGS ................................................................ 239

President : Teiichi KOBA YASH!
Councillors:

Kiyoshi AsANO (Editor .of "Fossils"), Riuji ENIJO, Ilaruyoshi FUJIMOTOi

Shoshiro HANZAWA, Tetsuro liANA! (Secretary), Wa~aru HASHIMOTO (Treasurer).
Kotora HATAI. lchiro Il!i.YASAKA, Hiroshi OZAKI (Planning), Teiichi KOBAYASHI,
Tatsuro l\iiATSUl\toTO (Editor. of Special Publications), Masao MINATO, Tokio
SHIKAMA (Membership), Fuyuji TAKA! (Editor), Ryuzo TO!_UY AMA
Assistant Secretary:

Takeo ICHIKAWA

All Communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan. ':\. S., ~o. 5-l, pp. 195-200. pl. 29. June 30. 1964

467.

NOTES ON THE FORAMINIFERAL GENUS
PSA'UDOCIBICIDOI DES*
NAOAKI AOKIInstitute of Geology and 1\Iineralogy. Tokyo Uni\·ersity of Education-----------------

Pseudocibicidoides ~ (:ffilm) ;:. -?~ · -c: fJt :Lrm • ~\l:ll i'm~iljlilJl. J;·ifi'{i'flH\!:tJ: .1: IJ ·>;:, ;t t..:tf'fli.:. J: -:>-c. Pseudocibicidoides ~O)f'*:J::l\1i. P. katasensis ll)fljt~-U:-tll)iJ7Jft
II)~*•=- ~ t -0 ~ (l)"'('t., 7.>.::.!:: a-rnmL. *lifiil)ft!.lf·M'~~(~Jtd";~!rnJ€ili•..:.-?t · l:Q)-". -=- JL
1:. J: ., "( Pseudocibicidoides ~a-N~~ Lt..:" :;.j;;lj14(·:t. P!anorbulina. Caribeanella fJ:
t:. ~., t \,1[~<:. Planorbulinidae Hi:.A..t'LI?it.J.> \. 17)"'('~7.>,
1f iOC II{!

<*

Introduction
The genus Pseudocilnridoides of Foraminifera was established by UJilf.: (1956)
with the type species. Pseudocibicidoides
katasensis Umf.:. 1956, from the coast of
Katase. Sagami Uay. Japan. This genus
has been considered to haYe peculiar andinteresting morphological characters in
the immature stages. During my fora·
miniferal study of the Recent sediments.
Pseudocibicidoides lwtasensis was foundto show a wide variation in external
morphology. About 250 specimens wereobtained from several localities andstudied. Further examination showedthat the trochospiral coiling in thejuvenile changes later to the radial at·tachment of chamber in this species.
This morphological deYclopment ofPseudocihicidoides katasensis is herein
noted. and the genus Pseudocibicidoides
is emended.
:\laterial
This species has not been previously
recorded outside of the type locality.
--------• Received July 2, 1963: read at the An·
nual l\Ieeting of the Society at Tokyo. Jan.

19. 1963.

c:

The specimens examined in this study
are came from the following samples:(1) 5 samples. from Kat::~se. Fujisawa(type localityl: beach sands.
t2l 7 samples, from Katase and Eno·shima, Fujisawa: depth ca. 2-3m.
(3) 1 sample, from off Tsujido. west of
Katasc; depth ca. 3m.
('1) 1 sample. from off Shichiriga·hama,east of Katase; depth ca. 10-15 m.
(5l l sample. from near lnamuraga-saki,
Kamakura. east of Katase: depth
ca. 3m.
(6) 7 samples. from Nabeta. Owura·\van.
Shimada. Idzu Peninsula: depth 14m.
Cil 1 sample, from off Kisami. Shimada,
Idzu Peninsul:l: depth ca. 25 m.
,3, 3 samples, from Habu. Oshima. Idzu
Islands: beach sands.
(9) 2 samples. from off Shiwono-misaki,
Kii Peninsula: depth ca. 40 m.
At present. this species is known fromsandy or shelly sediments of littoral to
inner she! f in the warm water regionof the Pacific side of the Honshu
Island. In every locality this species
occurs in very lo\\' frequency (usuallyless than 0.5 percent) as well as in thetype locality.
Topotype specimens are all smaller in196size and only the juvenile individu:.~lshave been found. They have five toabout eight chambers and the greatest
diameter ranges from 0.35 to 0.50 mm.
All specimens are ill preserved. As thebottom sediment of this area is composed extensively of well-sorted, fine- tomedium-grained sands, it can be said
that the specimens were more or lessworn out by littoral wave action or local
nearshore current. l'dore grown specimens and fragments of mature stages
are rarely found from the nearshore
samples of Katasc and its environs. The
frequencies and preservations of specimens from Kisami and Oshima are almost similar to those of Karase.
In addition. a number of specimens
could be obtained from Shimada andShiwono-misaki as the result of the treatment of a large quantity of sediments
by Carbon-tetrachloride floatation. The
two samples are shelly sands containing
calcareous shell fragments of molluscs.
corals. bryozoa, foraminifers. etc., in extreme abundance. Particularly from the
Shimoda sample. this species occurs innearly all growLh stages from fivechambered individuals to more than 2030 chambered ones of full mature. although mature specimens are hardly
detected compared with the frequent
occurrence of the juvenile ones. All are
well preserved and the majority has lessthan 7-8 chambers lil<e as the topotypes
do. These suits of specimens exbihitthat the original description of Pseudocibicidoides katasensis was based on insufficient material of quite immature
stage. The following is the brief description of the morphology of thisspecies.
Pseudocibicidoides lwtasensis

The initial form of the immature
stage of Pseudocibicidoides Jwtasensis

comprises five chambers of globose
shape. The test is coiled and planoconvex in shape. having the nearly !latdorsal and the moderately conYexedventral surfaces. The outline is roundly
trigonal in side view and is lobulate insome degree. The margin is narrowly
rounded in peripheral view.
The tlrst chamber (=proloculus) islarge. There are two modes of diameterof the first chamber in the present
materials. It is about 0.10 mm. or morein the megalospheric specimens. and isabout 0.060-0.075 mm. or less in theothers. The latter seems to represent
the another generation of the megalospheric in life cycle. The true micro·
spheric specimen is unknown.
The
second chamber is smaller than the first
and third chambers.
The surface of the first to third chambers is smooth without any perceptableperforation. or covered with reticulated
ornamentation. The change of wall perforation abruptly occurs between Lhethird and fourth chambers. The chambers in the later stages have coarse
perforation and the wall is pitted byregularly spaced. very distinct pores(diameter: ca. 0.006-0.008 mm.).
The
wall is translucent and pale brown incolor, but it changes to whitish andopaque in the corroded specimens. It
is rather thick and is lined with athin chitinous inner layer of reddish
bro\\·n in the earlier stages.
Increasing gradually in size. chambers
are trochospirally coiled. however. theventral side is also more or less evolute.
The number of chambers is generally 7
to 9 in a \Vhorl.
·
The primary aperture is peripheral,large, semicircular. bordered with aprominent lip. at the base of the aper·
tural face.
The sutures are thick and flush with

-lUI.

Notes on the Jiln·am.inifeml (;en·u .., Psewlocihicidoides

surface in the earlier, becoming Lo be
depressed later on the both sides.
Evolute-spiral coiling continues toabout 8 to 13 chambered stages (about
two whorls). The later chambers are
inflated and sometimes tend to be larger
and somewhat abnormal. At this stage.
the test becomes to be provided with asupplementary aperture on the peripher·a! margin at the posterior side of thelast chamber. [(arely. the penultimate
chamber has also a peripheral supple·
mentary aperture. It is a distinct, cres·cent-shaped opening with a distinct lip.
The chamber is added as if it covers
the supplementary aperture of the pre·ceeding one. then. the original trochoid
coiling is abandoned and the chambers
are irregularly attached around the peri·
phcral margin of the cibicidian central
body. The radial arrangement of cham·ber is thus developed and the test grows
progressively to complete the 1'/anor·
bulina-Jike final stages. 1\lany of the
supplementary apertures are opened at
the both ends of periphery of eachmarginal chambers as in the genus
Planorbulina.
At the central part of the dorsal side,
the .. umbilical hole" is opened in the
subcircular or fissure-like depression.
which is surrounded by slightly raised
dear shell thickening of the umbonal
region. It is connected with both thefirst and third chambers and is situatedbetween these two chambers. The size
is relatively large, ca. 0.020-0.075 mm. indiameter. The brown chitinous inner
layer is visible through the "hole".
Genus Pseuducibicidoides
This genus is monotypic and was as·
signed into the family Anomalinidae.
The important characters of the genus
are originally given as follows: l) plano·

1!!7

convex test, with globose shaped cham·bers in the juvenile stage. 2) more orless evolute coiling, 3) smooth surface ofthe early stage in reverse to the coarser
perforation of the later one. and -~) the
presence of an .. umbilical hole" on thedorsal side, besides a cibicidian aperture.
From the present new observation. it is
known that these characters are mostclearly shown in the immature specimensof the type species. especially in the five·chambered ones.
Concerning the ontogenetic develop·
ments of chamber arrangement. wall
perforation and apertures. the full ma·ture individual of the present species
possesses the princi pa I generic charactersof the genus Planorbulina. therefore,
Planorbulina mediterranensis (n'ORmCNY,
1826), the type species of this genus, wasexamined. The specimens used for com·
parison are not topotypes but are from
Gulf of 1\Iexico. It has been identified
as P/anorbulina medilerranensis by i\me·rican workers (PHJ.EGER and PAI~KER.
1951. and A:\DERSE:\, 1961). In this~lediterranean species. a Yery small.
comma-shaped opening is present at boththe second and third chambers respec·
ti vely. It is somewhat larger than theoriginal pores of the chamber wall andis easily found out at least in themegalospheric specimens.
Although the size is very minute. thesame sort of opening is recognized in
the megalospheric specimens of P/auor·bulina acemalis BRADY, 1884. from
Shimoda and Shiwono·misaki. The de·tails of the microspheric Planorbulina
arc not known.
The morphology of the llve-chamberedspecimens of Planorbulina mediterran·ensis from Villefranch·sur-l\ler. was des·cribed in detail by LE CAI.VEZ 1193-l.
19381 with special reference to trimor·
phism of this species. The text-figure

198

Naoaki Aoi\Jin his paper shows that the ·· embryon "of Planorbulina mediterranensis is closely
related to the five-chambered megalospheric specimen of Pseudoribicidoides
katasensis in many respects. but theformer species has a special kind of
opening on the dorsal side which wascalled .. fenctre dorsale" by LE CALYEZ.
The above mentioned pores observed on
the dorsal umbilical portion of Planorbulina are regarded as "fenetres dorsales".
According to his observation. there are
no foramen on the septal wall between
the second and third chambers in themegalospheric form of Planorbulina
mediterranensis. Instead. the .. fenctrc
dorsale" exists on each of these twochambers. It seems to be one of thepassages between the chambers and to
be correspond to the septal foramen.
On the contrary, Pseudocibicidoides
katasensis has the foramen on each
septum of the initial part of the test.
The " umbilical hole" of this species
differs from the "fcnetre dorsale" of
Planorbulina both in number and in position. As the external morphology of
Pseudocibicidoides katasensis falls well'vi thin the generic catergories of Planorbulina. the character of this opening ispresumably the only. remarkable difference between the two genera. The
detailed study on the " fenctre dorsale"would be interesting for biology andtaxonomy of this group.

The comparison of this genus t(}
Cibicidella CL;SJLV!Ai'\. 1927. has not been
made in this study for the lack of apparent specimen of Cibicidella l'ariabilis(l>'ORBIG:\Y, 1826) and other Cibicide/laspecies. but Pseudocibicidoides is distinguishable from the othe'r genera of thefamily Anomalinidae. It is closest to
Planorbulina o'ORBIGNY.1826. and Caribeanella BEI~I\If.TDEZ. 1952. It is most suitable that the genus Pseudocibicidoides isplaced in the family Planorbulinidae.
The genus may be re-defined as follows.
Family Planorbulinidae
Genus Pseuclocibicidoides
UmE:. 1956. emended
Pse11docibicidoides Cmf.'. 1956. Tokyo 1\yoilm
Daigaku. Sci. Rept., sec. C. ro/. 4. no . .17.
p. 268.

1)'jJe species :-Pseudoribicidoides lwta-

sensis UJIIE. 1956. Fixed by original
designation and by monotypy.
Test in the early stages spirally coiled.
lat·er irregularly or radially spreading
in a single plane, sometimes irregularly
piled up into a mass: wall calcareous.
very coarsely perforate. radial instructure. with a thin chitinous inner
layer in the initial portion; aperture
peripheral in the earlier. multiple.
two to each peripheral chamber in the

Explanation of Plate 29
Figs. 1-15.

Pseudocibiridoides lwtaset1sis UJIIE. showing tlH· morphological de\'elopment of
the test. 1-9. x50: 10. 11. X'IO: 12. 14. 15. x30: 13. xca. ·12. :!. 9. \'entral view:
8. edge Yicw: all others. dorsal view. 6. from beach of Katase: 15. from nearshore of Katase; all others, from Nabeta. Shimocla.
Figured hypotypes are deposited in the micropaleontological collections of theTokyo University of Education. Reg. nos. 68021 to 68032.

AOKI:

Pseudocibicidoides katasensis

Plate 2Y

-167.

Notes on the Foraminiferal Genus P.~eudociiJicidoides

adult: .. umbilical hole " opened on thedorsal side. connecting both the first andthird chambers with the exterior.
Remarks :-Pseudocibicidoides differsfrom Planorbu/ina in the communication
system among the initial three chambers.
The immature form of this genus superficially resembles some genera of thefamily Anomalinidae. but develops later
into the Cibicidella- or Planorhulina-likestages.

1~!)of Tokyo. Dr. Yokichi TAKAYA:"AGI of the
Tohoku University and Dr. Hisayoshi leo of
the Tokyo University of Education for many
valuable suggestions and 10 Prof. \Vataru
HASIII~JoTo of the Tokyo
University of
Education for supervision. Thanks are also
due to Dr. Pedro ]. BER~ICnr.z of the Creole
Petroleum Corporation, Prof. Tetsuro HA:"Alof the University of Tokyo. Dr. Michihei
Hos1111"o and Mr. Takahiro SATO of theHydrographic Oflice of Japan, and Mr.
Kazukiyo Oslii~IA of the Xippon 1\-Iining
Company for their kind offers of foraminiferal material.

Pseudocibicidoides katasensis UJIIE,PI 29. Figs. 1-15

References

Pseudocibicidoides katasensis UJJII~. 1956,
Tokyo l(roiku Daigaku. Sci. Ret1t.. sec. C.
vo/. 4. no. 3'7. p. 268, pl. 13. figs. 1-3.

A:\DER-;EN. H. V .. (1961) : Foraminifera of
the rnudlump~. lower 1,1ississippi River
Delta. Louisiana Ceo/. Sun· .. Dept. Consen·.,Geoi.Bull. no Jc>. pt. 2. vii+208 p.. 29 pl.
Btm:>.IIJDEZ. P. ].. (1952): Estudio sistematicode los Foraminiferos rotaliforrnes. Vene·

Figured hvpotypes :-Reg. nos. 68021 to68030. from Nabela, Shimod::t. ldzu
Peninsula: Reg. no. 68031, from beachof Katase, Fujisawa: Reg. no. 68032.
from nearshore of Katase. Fujisawa.
Length (max.) up to 2.30 111111.
Remarks :-Planorbulina
mediterranensis (o'ORBIG:\Y. 1826) is some\vhat
similJ.r to the present species. but has
smaller sized and concentrically elongate
chambers with finer perforation. Pseudocibicidoides katasensis is also similar toand found together with Caribeanellaogiensis (!viATSUNAGA) (=Oinomikadoina
ogiensis !.IATSUNAGA, 1954) in the samples
from Shimada and Shiwono-misal<i. The
latter species is different from the formerin having acute periphery. multiple peripheral supplementary apertures and finer
perforation of the wall. It does notdevelop into the Cibicidella-type stagesof chamber arrangement.
..lclmowledgemeu/s :-The author wishes tothank Dr. Takayasu Uc1110 of the Univer;;ity;;ue/a Alinist. Minas Hidroca rb .. Bot. Ceo! ..
1'. 2. 1/0. 4. p. 7-230, pl. 1-35.
LE CALVEZ. J .. (l9:H): Embryons
cinq
loges de Planorbulina mediterranensis

a(n'ORBJc;-.;y) et trimorphisme de cetteespece, Soc. Zoo!. France. Bull .. tome 59,110. ,, ' p. 28,1-291.
- - , (1938) : l~echerchcs sur lc:> foramini·feres: I. Devcloppement ct reproduction,
Arch. Zoot. Exper. et Gen .. tome 80. p. 163333. pl. 2-7.
M.-\TSlJ:'>IAGA. T..
(195·1) :Oinomilwtloina
ogiensis, n. gen., n. sp., from the Plioceneof Niigata. japan. Pal. Soc. Japan, Trans.
Proc .. N.S .. no. 15. p. 163-164.
PH LEGER. F. 13. and PARKER. F. L .. (1951):
Ecology of Foraminifera, Northwest Gulfof ~!exico. Part 2, Foraminifera species,
Ceo/. Soc Amer.. :Hem. •16. iv+61 p .. 20 pl.
UJllf.:, H .. (1956) : Pseudocibicidoides. n. gen ..
from the sea coast of Katase. Kanagawa
Prefecture. Japan. Tokyo J{yoiku Daigaku.
Sci. Rep/.. sec. C. rot. 4. no. 37. p. 263-265 .
pl. 13.

200

Naoaki AOKIEnoshima
Fujisawa
Habu
ldzu
Ina m uraga-sa k i
Kamakura
KataseKii
Kisami

iT /

~

~

iR
i'1
!;J.

llJi
f:Ji

~~H-r~
~

IJ·

t.-c

p,iM
f:Ji

oJi {!r. ~NabetaOshimaOwura-wan
SagamiShichiriga-hamaShimodaShiwono-misaki
Tsujido

~
Ell
-}.;_
~}
;f()J!l ~m ~r m·\::;lt!.'r~
~'V]

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Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S .. No. 54. pp. 201-214. pis. 30-33. June 30. 196·1:1GH . .MICROPLANKTON FROl\[ THE ASAGAI FORMATIONlN THE JOBAN COAL-FIELD*KIYOSHI TAKAHASHI
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science. K~·ushu Uni,·ersity~'i;:,·~IJ<:Ill~F.U,'l1Jw.-.· 1 '7 "'77 :;- 'l I·:.--: 'i'rldi:Jif.g 4 km ll)'f'·i'J'Q).-f-1}.., 1/-.:1 7:?·!?
17) -~ 1 '1 "'7' 7 :/ '7 I· :;-. Micrhystridium (8 jlf(). Baltisphal'l'idium (•I ~!). Hystri-<chos{lhaeridium (l T!lO' Uicl(usa (I NO. c:rmalioSJIIWera (2 ftTi). Leins{llraeridia (3 fill).
!lpteodi11ium (lfij\) '1-:fHtL· Jc#:Lt.:.,il'li'!i!il ii'i

I ntrodud ion

palaeomicroplan kton should accord with
the International Code of BotanicalNomenclature. However. as their proposal should Yl't thoroughly be discussed
and then the author hesitates to assent
to their propos:tl, he has described all
the species under the traditional classification.

In 1963 the author engaged in the
study of spores and pollen from themarine sediments in the joban coa 1-fteld.
At that l imc. he found many microplankton coexisting with spores andpollen. In japan. hitherto. there has
been no report on the fossil microplankton. This study supplements theknowledge of Tertiary microplankton
and is a groundwork of future researchin japan.
The present paper is concerned mainlywith the classification and description ofsome new species of microplankton rrom
the Oligocene Asagai formation in the
Joban coal-field. Suitable samples forthe study were provided by the Yoshima
colliery. Furukawa l\ Ii ning Company
from the new no. I bore at I-lirakubo,ca. 4 km north of Taira.
Recently. C. Dow~IE. W. R. EviTT and
W. A. S. SARJEA:\T (1963! haYc proposedthat the classification of the organic

Acknowledgements
The author would like to express his
cordial thanks to Professors Ryuzo TORJYAl\'!A (Kyushu University) and Alfred
EISENACK (Ti.ihingen University. Germany) for their valuable advices andreading the typescript.
Grateful acknowledgement is also due
to 1vlr. Hiroaki Oi'\Ul\IA of l he Yoshima
colliery, Furukawa Mining Company for
his kind offering of the boring cores.

Location and microplankton
The Palaeogene sediments in the Joban
coal-field arc divided into three formations. the Iwaki. Asagai and Shirasaka,
which are conformable with each other.

• Received J\Iarch 28. 196~: read at theannual meeting of the PalaeontologicalSociety at Fukuoka, January 18. 1961.

201

202

1\·iyoshi TAKAHASHI

The low·est formation, the lwaki. iscomposed mainly of the non-marine
sediments and intercalates some import·
ant coal seams.
The middle formation. the Asagai,
represents the Palaeogene marine sediments in the joban coal-field. i\luddy
fine sandstone which contains many
molluscan fossils and belongs to the
Asagai formation. was obtained fromthe new no. 1 bore of the Yoshima colliery. Furukawa !\lining Company at
Hirakubo. ca. -! km north of Taira,
Fukushima Prefecture.
In 1963 the author made a study ofthe pollen analysis of some coal seams
in the Joban coal-field, resulting that hehas established the" lwaki pollen group"from the lwaki formation {Oligocene)
and the "Goyasu pollen group" fromthe Goyasu formation (l\liocene). Thislwaki pollen group can be correlatedwith the Onga pollen group of north
Kyushu and the Goyasu pollen groupwith the Sasebo pollen group of north·west Kyushu.
The Asagai formation has been dated
and correlated by means of foraminifera
tK. AsANO. 1949, 1962) and mollusca (K.
HATAI & Y. KAi\IA[)A, 1950; Y. KAi\IADA, 1960; A. MIZUNO, 1962), but these

opinions on the geologic age and stratigraphic correlation do not always cometo an agreement.
Recently the author (1963) made apalynological and stratigraphical studyof the spores and pollen obtained fromthe Asagai sandstone. This pollen assemblage belongs to the Goyasu pollengroup and can be correlated with the
Sasebo pollen group of northwest Kyushu.
The hystrichosphcres and dinoflagellate :1re classified as follows:
J1Jicrltystridium minus sp. nov. . . few,\1. asagaiense sp. nov ........... few.\f. miserum sp. nov ............. few.1/. (?) spinu!iferum sp. nov ..... abundant:11. fragile D£FL.\,'iDR£ .......... common:H. sp. a. .. .. .. .. .. ..

. .. rare.II. sp. b ........................ rare
M. sp. c ........................ rare
Ba/tisphaeridittm ( ?) po/ycera/ttm
S(>. nov.
. ................ common
B. sp. a ........................ common

IJ. sp. b/J.sp.c........................ few......... fewl(rstrichospllaeridium sp. . ....... rare
Leiofusa ~P- .................... few
Cymatiosphaera globulosa sp. no\·. few
C. ret iculosa sp. no\·. . ........... Cew/,eiospltaeridia lacvigala sp. nov. few
L. rugulata sp. nov. . ........... common
L. sp. - - · -- -- -. -- - ................ rare.ti/J/I.'(}t/inium sp.
. .............. rare

The hyst richospheres in this study arevery primitive in form and closely
similar to the Palaeozoic and !vlesozoi.c
forms.
C. DOWI\IE and W. A. S. SARJEA~T(1963) emended some hystrichospheregenera. Baltisplweridium and Micrhvstridium were divided mainlv bv a shell
diameter. They described :- " ;fhe size
ranges of individual species reveal two
major groupings. The boundary between
these two major groupings has beenacce~ted by most workers as being
sens1bly dra\vn at 20ft." This boundary
1s completely artificial. Of the hitherto
described species, there arc some speciesof Micrhystridium which overlap thisboundary: Micrhystridium eatonensis
DoWNIE (l2-22tt), Micrhystridium ambiguum DEFLA?\IIRE (14-22tL), Micrhystridium bigofi DEFLANDRE (13-25X 12-22 p),
Micrhystridium pilijerum DEFL\l\llRE(20-22 tt), Micrhystridium
recun•atum
VA LENS! 110-21 pl. Micrhystridium leptothrix VALE!\Sl (17-22 p).? ;\!irrhvst'ridium
stellalum DEFLA:\DRE (SARJ~i\1\T ca.
25tA

'

468.

.1licropla.nkton from the Asa.ga.i formation

The present species. Micrhystridium 1?)
spinuliferum and Blatisphaeridium ,?)polyceratum. overlap this boundary in

Dimensions:- Test diameter 10.8 to
11.3 .11 : test wall less than 0.5 f.1 thick :length of spines 0.8 to 0.9Jt; holotype:their shell diameter. The former ranges
in size from 14 ,a to 22.5 fl. but the in·dividual specimens are almost under
20 fL. On the contrary, the latter varies
in size from 16.3tt to 27 p, but its major
specimens are over 20 p. Accordingly.
the author would like to give the former
the name Micrhystridium (?) and thelatter Ballisphaeridium (?).
C. OOW::\IE. W. R. EVITT and W. A. S.
SARJEANT (1963) proposed
Lhat thenomenclatorial treatment of Lhe organic
palaeomicroplankton should accord with
the International Code of BotanicalNomenclature and they re-divided theindividual genera into a new group andtwelve new subgroup. As the author
can not yet determine approval or dis·
approval of this proposal. he describes
the present specimens according to theclassification used so far ordinarily.

Test diameter 11.3 p.
Description :-A species of Micrhys/·ridium h;1ying a spherical shell fromwhich numerous simple spines of Yerysmall size arise. The number of spines iscountless. The spines are very fine andsomewhat bro:tden at their point of insertion :md their spacing is relatively
regular. The spine bases are circular.
less than 0.5fL \\'ide. The length ofspines is nearly constant, less than 10
per cent of the shell diameter. The
surface of the shell between fine spines
is smooth. The shell often folds.
Remarl<s ·-The species Micrhystridium
de_flandrei was described by L. VALEJ\SI
I 1948. 1953) from the Bathonian forma·tion of Airvault. Micrhystridium minus
is very closely similar to this species(11 to 13tt; spine 1 p long). but differsfrom Miahystridium dejlandrei in thatthe latter possesses more numerous anda little longer spines.
1.. VALEJ\SI (1953! described also thesimilar species Micrhystridium densispillll/11 from the Bajocian formation ofBois·lb.lbout and Croisilles and the
Balhoni~mformationofTour-auxCoguons and Bretteville-sur-Odon. The
test diameter of this species is 5 lo ll ,a.
smaller than that of Micrhystridium
minus and the latter possesses more
numerous and weaker spines.
Age and occurrence :-Oligocene; mud·dy fine sandstone containing many
marine mollusca of the Asagai forma·tion: Hirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira).
Fukushima Prefecture: new no. 1 bore
at ±204.30 m of the Furukawa-Yoshima
colliery.

Systematic description

Hystrichosphaeridea
Family Hystrichosplneridae
0. WETZEL. 1933

Genus Aficrlzystrirlium. iDEFLA:\DRE. 1937)
Dow:\IE and SARJEAl\T. 1963

Micrhystridium minus sp. nov.
Pl. 30. figs. 2-·1 ; Pl. 33. fig. 2.

Holotype :-Dept. Geol. Kyushu Univ ..
slide GK-V 3089: Pl. 30. figs. 2a-c.
Diagnosis:- Test spherical. smooth.
thin-walled: spines very fine and small,straight. with a little conical bases lessthan 0.5 f1 in diameter: number of spinescountless. length of spines less than 10
per cent of the test diameter.

.\ficrhystridium asagaiense sp. nov.
PI 30, tigs. la. b; Pl. 33. fig. l.

Ki yoshi TAI\.A!fA c;m201

llolotype :-Dept. Geol. Kyushu Univ ..
slide GK-V 3089; Pl. 30. figs. 1a. b.
Diagnosis :-Shell spherical. smooth,thin-walled. reddish in color; spines veryfine and small, straight. with no conicalbases; number of spines count less. length
about 5.5 to 6 per cent of the shell
diameter.
Dimensions :-Shell diameter 16.2 to
17.7 p.; shell wall ±I fl thick; length ofspines 1 p; holotype: Shell diameter
16.2 fl.
/)('scriplioll :-The shell is reddish incolor and circular in oulline with many
slender appendages of uniform width.
The spine spacing is relatively regular.
The spine bases are circular to subcircular. The length of spines is constant, ±6 per cent of the shell diameter.
The shell wall is 1 11 thick. The shelloften folds.
Remarks:-The specimens found were
only a few in number. Micrhystridium
minus is very similar to this species A-1.
asagaiense. but the latter is reddish incolor and possesses larger shell and alittle longer spines than the former.
The present species is also similar to
the European species Micrhystridium
dej/andrei V.UFNSl. but differs from 1 helatter on account of the different shelldimensions.
!lge and occurrenre :-Oligocene; muddy fine sandstone containing many
marine mollusca of the Asagai formation. Hirakubo (ca. •I km north of Taira),
Fukushima Prefecture: new no. I bore
at ±204.30 m of the Furukawa·Yoshima
colliery.
1\licrhystridium miserum sp. nov.
Pl. 30. figs. ll, 12.

1/o/otype :-Dept. Geol. Kyushu Univ ..
slide GK- V 3088; Pl. 30. fig. 11.

Diag11osis :-Test spherical to o\·al,smooth. t hin·walled; spines slender,
straight or curved, with no conical bases;
number of spines about fifty. length 16
to 20 per cent of rhe test diameter.
/Jimension s :-Test diameter 15.7 to
16.8 p: length of spines 2.7 to 3.2 p;
holotype: Test diameter 15.7 p..
Description :-The shell is circular to
subcircular in outline with about fifty
slender appendages of approximately
uniform width. The spine spacing isrelatively irregular. The spine bases
are circul:lr and the length of spines is
16 to 20 per cent of the shell diameter.
The surface of the shell between slenderspines is smooth. The shell often folds.
Remarks :-.\ficrhystridium miserum isdistinguishable
from the Oligocene
species /\'/. minu.~ by the type of spine
and the size of shell.
\V. A. S. SARJEAl\T (1962) figured thesimilar species Baltisphaeridium pilosum(EtJRE:\BFRc;) from the Upper jurassic
sediments of Dorset. England.
This
species is greater than Micrhystridium
miserum and possesses more numerous
and smaller spines.
1/ystrichosphaeridiu Ill
I' ell trocarpum
DEF!.Al\DHE and CooKSOl\ was reported
by D. ~dAtER (1959) from the Upper
1\'liocene to i\Iiddle Oligocene marinesPdiments of NW-Germany. This species
is apparently similar to Mirrhystridium
miserum. but the former is several times
as great as the latter in size.
Age and orcurr('llte :-Oligocene; mud·dy fir.e sandstone containing many
marine mollusca of the Asagai formation. Hirakubo (ca. 11 km north of Taira).
rul<ushima Prefecture: new no. l bore
at ±204.30 m of the Furukawa·Yoshima
colliery.
Micrhystridium (?) sjlinuliferum sp. nov.
Pl. 32. ligs. 1-9: Pl. 33, figs. 4-6.

~68.

Microplankton .fnnn the A.sagai formation!Jolotype :-Dept. Geol. Kyushu Univ.,
slide GK- V 3086; Pl. 32. fig. 5.
Diagnosis:- Test spherical, smooth.
thin-walled. 14 to 22.5 fl without thespines; spines strong. straight or curved,
with more or less conical bases: numberof spines twenty to thirty five; lengthof spines ca. 6 to 10.5 fl.
Dimensions:- Test diameter 14 to
22.5 p : test wa 11 less than l fl thick :length of spines ca. 6 to 10.;) fl: halotype: Test diameter 15.6 fl: number ofspines twenty-seven: length of spines
10 fl.
Description :-The shell is sphericalin outline. The thickness of the test
wall is less th;:tn 5 per cent of thediameter. The spines are strong. straightor somewhat curved. and sometimes
broaden at their point of insertion: theirlength ranges from about l/3 to about
3/4 the shell diameter. The number ofspines varies between twenty and thirtyfive. The spine bases are circular. The
surface of the shell bet\veen spines issmooth. The shell often folds.
The specimen (Pl. 32. fig. l) is smaller
in size (11 p). The test wall is thin. lessthan 1 ,[1. thick. The number of spines
is twenty: their length is approximately
three-fourths the shell diameter.
The specimens (Pl. 32. figs. 2-8) varyin size from about 15 to 20 p and inspine number from twenty-seven to
thirty-five. The spine length is about
8 to 10 p. The spine bases are circularand somewhat enlarged. The test wallis thin. less than l p thick.
The largest specimen (Pl. 32. fig. 9) of
this species: The shell may be originally spherical in outline and 22.511 without the spines. The spines are straightor curved and broaden slightly at theirpoint of insertion. The number of spines
is thirty-one and their length varies
from 8A to 10 ,11.

205

The three specimens (Pl. 33, figs. 4-6)
are medium in size. 1:1.6 to 21.2 fl. The
spines are straight or curved and relati\·ely short. 6.2 to 7 p. Their bases are
circular and somewhat widen. The
number of spines is twenty-one to thirty·
one.
Remarks:- \V. A. S. SARJEANT (1 962)
described the very similar specimens(Baltisphaeridium cf. stinuliferwn (DE·FLA7'iDRE); PI 2. fig. 10; text-fig. 8a)from the Upper jurassic sediments ofDorset. England. The present specimens
differ in the smaller diameter of shell.
the enlargement of spines at junction
with the shell. and their smaller length.
Age and occurrence :-Oligocene; mud·dy fine sandstone containing many rna·rine mollusca of the Asagai formation.
J-lirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira\.
Fukushima Prefecture: new no. 1 boreat ...t20,1.30 m of the Furukawa-Yoshima
colliery.
Micrhvstridium fragile DEFLAJ\DRE
Pl. 31. figs. 8-10.

:\/icrhystridium fragile. VALE:"iSL 19:'i3. Mem.
Soc. Ceo/. Frace. N. S .. Tome 32. Fasc. 4.
pp. 41-43. pl. :l, figs. l-14, 17-19: pl 1-1.
figs. 1. 2.
:llicrhystridium fragile. SARJ EA"<T. 1962.
Alicropaleontology. z•ol. 8. no. 2. p. 264.
text-fig. 8d
Micrhystridium fragile. \Y.·\LL and DO\\:"IE.
1963. Palaeontology. I.'O/. 5. part 4. p. 774(in discussion).

Description :-The test is smooth, thinwalled. and globose to subglobose. The
test diameter is about 16 to 18.6 fl. The
spines are relatively strong, straight or
curved. and broaden at their point ofinsertion. The number of spines varies
between eleven and sixteen: their length
ranges from 5 to 16.6 p (from about 30

2fHi

f{iyoshi T.-!KAHA ">HI

to about 90 per cent of the test diameter).
Remarks :-The present specimens currespond exactly to Micrhystridium fragile described and figured by G. DEFLA:>mRE (19,17) :1nd L. VALE:-<SI (1953)
in the shell form. the shell dimension.
and the number of spines.
Age and occurrence :-Oligocene; muddy fine sandstone contammg many
marine mollusca of the Asagai formation. Hirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira).
Fukushima Prefecture; new no. l bore
at ±201.30m of the Furukawa-Yoshima
colliery.
,\tlicrhystridium sp. a
Pl. 30. figs. 5a. b.

Description:- The shell is sphericaland thin-walled. c::~. 0.711 thick. The
diameter of shell without the spine is
13 fl. The spines are numerous. simple,
and very small. ca. 0.9 fl long. Somestronger and l:ugcr spines are found in
the irregular disposition between the
numerous small spines. The spine bases
are circular. The specimen folds slightly.
RemarJ~s :-This specimen is similar
to Micrhystridium minus (Pl. 30. figs. 2-1: Pl. 33, fig. 2) in the shell and spine
size, but the former possesses somestronger spines which arrange irregularly.
Age a11d ocwrrence :-Oligocene: muddy fine sandstone contammg many
marine mollusca of the Asagai forma·tion, Hirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira).
Fukushima Prefecture; new no. 1 bore
at ±2011.30m of the Furukawa-Yoshima
colliery.
Micrhystridium sp. b
Pl. 30, fig. 10.

Description:- The shell is spherical
The diameter of shell is 12.5 fl. The
spines are numerous, simple. and relatively small. Their length is approximately one-fifth the shell diameter.
Remarks:- This specimen resembles
Micrhystridium minus (pl. 30. figs. 2-4;
pl. 33, fig. 2) in the possession of thenumerous simple processes. but differs
in the stronger and larger spines.
Age and occurrence :-Oligocene; muddy fine sandstone conta1111ng many
marine mollusca of the Asagai formation. Hirakubo (ca. ·1 km north of Taira),
Fukushima Prefecture ; new no. 1 bore
at ±204.30 m of lhe Furuk:lwa- Yoshima
colliery.
(?).

Micrhystridium sp. c
Pl. 33. tig. 3.

Description :-The shell is spherical.
10 .rt. with simple spines of small size.
The spines are re!.:ttively slender,
straight, with no conical bases. The
number of spines is about twenty.
Their length is Jbout 1.7 fl. The surfaceof the shell between spines is smooth.
Remarks:- This form was very rarely
found in the Oligocene sandstone of the
Asagai formation examined.

Genus Baltisphaeridium (EISE:\:\CK. 1958,
Dow:-:m and SARJEA:\T, 1963
Baltisphaeridium (?) po!yceralum
sp. nov.
Pl. 31. figs. II, 12a l'; Pl. 33. tigs. I 9.

I!olotype :-Dept. Geol. Kyushu Univ.,
slide GK- V 3087; Pl. 31, figs. 12a-c.
Diagnosis:- Test polygonal to subpolygonal in outline, with straight andsomewhat rounded sides. Spines strong,468.

Microplankton from the Asa!fa.i formation

straight or curYed. Spine bases generally broad. Number of spines nine tofourteen.
Dimensions:-Test diameter 16.3 to27 fl.; test wall very thin: length ofspines ca. 3 to 20 tl: number of spines
nine to fourteen: holotype: Test diameter 21.-!p.
Description:- The test is smooth. thinwalled, polygonal to subpolygonal. withstraight and somewhat rounded sides.
The spines are strong. straight or curved, and broaden at their point of insertion. The number of spines is nine tofourteen. The length of spines ranges
from about 11 to 90 per cent of the test
diameter.
The figure 7 of Plate 33 is polygon~!lwith both straight and rounded sides
and l6.3tt in size. The spines are strong
and straight: their length varies between
7.9 ,u and B.8 p. The number of spines
is ten.
The figure 8 of Plate 33 is polygonalwith both straighl and rounded sides
and 27.1 fl in size. Some spines arc
broken. but the measurable spines range
from 3 to 16 f! in their length. The
number of spines is nine.
Remarks :-The present specimens are
similar to .Hicrlnstridium stellatum
DEFLA:\IlRE IL. VALE;\SI, 1953. p. 59, pl.
9. fig. 27. cf. pl. 9. figs. 30-32. Jurassic:
Bajocian and Bathonian: D. WALL and
C. DOWNIE, 1963. pp. 772-776 (in discussion) : pp. 780-781, pl. 113. figs. 1-5.
Permian) in the shell form and thenumber of spines, but differ in the test
dimension and the spine form.
The
spines of the present species taper ab·
ruptly to form more slender processes
from the broad bases. but by the lattL'r
the spines become slender gradually.
Age and occurrence :-Oligocene: mud·dy fine sandstone containing many rna·rine mollusca of the Asagai formation.

207

Hirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira).
Fukushima Prefecture: ne,,· no. 1 bore
at ±204.30 m of the Furukawa· Yoshima
colliery.
Haltisplweridium sp. a
Pl. 31. figS. 3. '1. 7 (?).

Description:-The two specimens(ftgg. 3. -t) are broken. but the originalform of this species is spherical. The
shell diameter is 24.4 to 27.2,1t. The
shell wall is thin. The spines are relativelY slender. almost curved. with moreor le~s conical bases. The number ofspines varies bet ween thirty and forty.
Their length is about 5 to 10 p. The
spine bases are circular. but taper abruptly to form slender spines which do
not appear to communicate with theshell lumen. The figure 7 belongs doubt·
fully to this species.
Remarks:-This species is apparently
similar to Baltisphaeridium debilispinum\VALL and DoWNIE (1963. pp. 777-778,
pl. 112. tigs. 1. 2: text-t1gs. 3a. b'. but
differs in the thickness of test wall andthe number of spines.
Micrhvstridium
inco11spicuum
DEFJ..-\;\DR~ forma bullosa VALE:\St \L.
VALEl'iS!. 1953. p. 55. pl. 7. figs. 14. 15;
pl. 14. fig. 10l described and figured by
L. VALE};SJ differs from this species inthe size of shell. the number of spines.
and their length.
:lge aud occurreure :-Oligocene; muddy fine sandstone containing many ma·
ri.ne mollusca of the Asagai formation,llirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira).
Fukushima Prefecture: new no. 1 bore
at ±204.30 m of the Furukawa·Yoshima
colliery.

Baltisplweridium sp. b

1\i·yoshi Tc!KAHAS/11

208
Pl. 31. ligs. 5, 6.

Description :-The shell is elongate·
oval and possesses simple spines ofmoderate size. The long diameter ofshell is about 20 to 21 p. The spines
are relatively slender. straight or curved.
with somewhat conical bases. The
number of spines varies from twenty·
nine to thirty-one. Their length mea·sures ±7 ,u. The surface of the shell
between spines is smooth.
Remarl~s :-The species 1/ys/ riclwspha·
eridium xanthiopyxides (0. WE.) DE·
FLA:\DRE var. granu/osum DEFL:\NDRE
and Hystrichosplzaeridi 11m xa n tlz iopyxides(0. WE.) 0EFLA:\DRE var. parlli.'>/Jinum
DEFLA:\DRE which resemble the present
species in the form of the shell andspine were described by G. DEFLA;-.;DRE(1927) from the Cretaceous flints. Paris.
\V. J\. S. SARJEANT (1962) revised l!ystri·chosphaeridium xanthivpyxides (0. \VE.)
DEFLAJ\DRE var. granulosum DEI'LANDRE
to Baltisphaeridium granu/osum (DE·FLANDRE).
llyslridwsphaeridium xanthiopyxitle.'> (0. \VE.) DEFLANDRE var.
pan•ispinum
DEFLANDRE
possesses
stronger and larger spines than those of
Baltisphaeridium granulosum(DEFL·
A:\DRE). The former is sculptured by asmall spot on the surface of the shell
between spines and the latter possesses
a granulated sculpture on the surface.
!lge and occurrence :-Oligocene: mud·dy fine sandstone containing many rna·rine mollusca of the Asagai formation.
J-lirakubo tea. ·I km north of Taira).
Ful(Ushima Prefecture; new no. 1 bore
at ±20·1.30 m of the Furukawa·Yoshima
colliery.

Ballisphaeridium sp. c
Pl. 32. tig. 10

Description:- The test is smooth, thin·walled, and spherical. The test diameter
is about 29ft. The spines are relatively
strong. straight or curved, and broaden

Explanation of Plate 30(x ca 1000)

Figs. 1a, b.

J{icrhystridium asagaiense sp. no\·.
holotype. slide GK-V 3089.
Figs. 2-4.
Micrhystridium minus sp. noY.
2a-c: holotye. slide GK-V 3089:3: slide GK-V 3096: ·Ia. b: slide GK-V 3093.
Figs. 5a, b.
Jlicrhystritlium sp. aslide GK- V 3092.
I'igs. 6a. b. 7a. b. Cymatiosphaera g/o/mlosa sp. nov.
6a. b: holotype. slide GK-V 3088: 7a. b: slide GK-V 3088.
Figs. Sa, b. 9a-c. CymatiosphaenJ reticu/osa sp. no\·.
Sa. b : slide G K- V 3088: 9a-c : holotype, slide G K- V 3088.
Fig. 10.
Micrhystridium sp. b
slide GK-V 3088.
Figs. 11. 12. Micrhystridium miserum sp. nov.
11 : holotype. slide G K-V 3088: 12 : slide GK- V 3088.
Figs. 13. H. Leiosphaeridia taer•igata sp. nov.
13: holotn>c. slide GK- V 3087: U: slide GK- V 3093.

T AKAHASHI :Microplankton from the Asagai formatio n

Plate 30

Bb

468.

.\licroplankton from the Asauai formation

somewhat at their point of insertion.
The number of spines is t\velve andtheir length is about 20 p or less.
Remarks :-The
similar
species,
Micrhystridium filigerum VALE:\S! I.L.
VALENS!, 1953, pp. ·15-46. pl. 6. figs. 1315). has been recorded by L. VALE:\Slfrom the Bathonian and Bajocian ofFrance, but differs from the present
species in the shell dimension and thespine form.
L. V.-\LE:\Sl (19;53) described the similar
species.
Micrhystridium
araduwides
VALEI\SI (p. 45. pl. 5. figs. 16. 20; pl. 6.
fig. 16; (cf.) pl. 6. fig. 22). from the
Bathonian of France. This species issmaller than the present species.
.4ge and occurrence :-Oligocene: mudely fine sandstone containing many marine mollusca of the Asagai formation.
Hirakubo (ca. ·1 krn north of Taira).
Fukushima Prefecture: new no. 1 bore
at ±20·1.30 m of the Furukawa- Yoshima
colliery.
Genus 1-fystrichosphac:ridiulll
DEFLA :\DRE, 1937

Hrstridzosp/weridium sp.
Pl. 31. ligs. 13a. b.

Descriptio I!:-The shell is smooth andelliptical in outline with twenty or more
slender appendages.
The appendages
taper graduallv towards the tip andbroaden more or less at ! he base; thetips of the appendages arc fringed withshort processes, which divide once or
twice into short. hair-like branches.
Dimellsions :-Shell diameter 36.5 f!:length of spines about 10 f1; number ofspines twenty or more.
Remarks:- The present species is Yeryrare in the Oligocene :\sagai sandstone
examined. The specimen is broken.

209.-\ge aud occurrence :-Oligocene; muddy fine sandstone containing many marine mollusca of the Asagai formation,llirakubo (ca. 4 km north of TairaJ,
Fukushima Prefecture; new no. 1 bore
at ±.20-!.30 m of the Furukawa-Yoshima
colliery.
Family Leiofusidae ElSE:\ACK. 1951.
Genus Leiofusa ElSEXACK, 1938.
J,eiofusa sp.
Pl. :H. figs. I. 2.

J>escription :-The test is smooth andfusiform. The whole body with thespines is probably about 2i to 31 p. andthe central body is about 1.:1 to 17 p.. Its
breadth is 6.5 to 9.-l tt. The spine isrelatively strong, straight or curved.
and gradually narrowing from the spinebase towards the apex. The length ofspines is less than half of the central
body.
Nemarks :-The present specimens arebroken. This hystrichosphere is rare in
the Oligocene Asagai sandstone examined. lt is similar to Leioju.~a jurassica
CooKSO.': and EJSE'\ACK from the Upper
Jurassic of Western Australia and thePermian of Britain. This Japanese form
is approximately half in size of L. jurassi~·a.

.·lge und oaurrena: - Oligocene;
muddy fine sandstone conatining many
marine mollusca of the Asagai formation,
Hirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira),
Fuh:ushima Prefecture: new no. 1 bore
at ±204. 30m of the Furukawa- Yoshima
colliery.

Family Dictyosphaeridae KLniE:\T, 1960.
Genus Cymatiosphaera (0. \\"ETZEL,
1933) DEFL\:\DRE, 195-l.

l\iyoshi TAI\.lFL4SHI

210

Cymatiosphaera g/obulosa sp. nov.
Pl. 30. figs. 6a, b. 7a, b.

llolotype :-Dept. Geol. Kyushu Univ ..
slide GK- V 3088: pl. 30. figs. 6a. b.
Diagnosis :-Shell globul:lr. the external surface divided into polygonal
fields by the net.
Dimensions:- Shell diameter 10 to
13.7 p; maximum width of networks 4
to 5 p: length of spines 1.9 to 2.3 fl:number of polygonal fields thirteen to
fifteen : holotype: Shell diameter 10 11.
Description:-The shell is spherical.
thin-walled. and yellowish in color. withthirteen-fifteen polygonal fields. The
spines arc relatively slender and short;their length ranges from ~~~ to 23 percent of the shell diameter. The networks connect with the straight line.
Remarks:-The present specimens are
similar to Cymatiosphaera parra SARJEANT (1959, pp. 312-343, pl. 13. t1g. 6;
text-fig. 8) from the Upper Cornbrushsandy limestone of Yorkshire. England.
but the former differs from the latterin its smaller size and the low numberof polygonal fields present (13- 15 asagainst 15-25).

This new species is different from C.
reticu/osa (in this report, pl. 30, figs. 8-9)in the shell dimension and the form of
network.
:ige and occurrence: - Oligocene;
muddy fine sandstone which contains them:trine mollusca of the Asagai formation.
Ilirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira).
Fukushima Prefecture: new no. 1 boreof the Yoshima colliery. Furukawa .!\lining Company.

Crmal iosphaera retirulosa sp. nov.
Pl. 30, figs. Sa-b. 9a-c.

l!olotyp(' :-Dept. Ceo!. Kyushu Univ.,
slide GK- V 3088; pl. 30. figs. 9a-c.
Diagnosis :-Shell spherical. the external surface divided into polygonal
fields of the networks composed of theundulate line.
Dimensions :-Shell diameter 18.6 to
21.4 !'; length of spines 2.3 to 3.7 ,u;number of networks eleven (?) to twentyone: holot ype: Shell diameter 18.6 f.J.:
maximum width of networks 6.5 to 7.5f!.
DescrijJtion :-The shell is spherical.
thin-walled, and yellowish in color. with--- ----------~

Explanation of Plate 31(X C3. 1000)

Figs. 1. 2.

Leiofusa sp.
1: slide GK-V 3087: 2: slide GK- V 30~)11.
Figs. 3. 4, 7 (?). Baltisphaeridium sp. a3, 4: slide GK-V 3086; 7: slide GK- V 3088.
Figs. 5. 6.
Baltisplweridium sp. b
5: slide GK-V 30H7: 6: slide GK-V 3086.
Figs. 8-10.
Jlfiahys/1·idium fragile DEFLA:'<:DLE
8: slide GK-V 3087: 9: slide GK-V 3088: 10: slide GK-V 3096.
Figs. II. 12a-c. Baltispllaeridium (?) po/ycerCJtum sp. nov.
ll: slide GK-V 3090; .12: holotype. slide GK-V 3087.
Figs. 13a. b. lfystrichospllaeridium sp.
slide GK- V 3087.

4fi8.

M1croplankton from the Asagni fonnotion

eleven (?) to twenty·one polygonal fields
divided by the undulate line. The relatively short and stout spines arise at
the junctions of ridges; their length
varies between about 12 and 17 per centof the shell diameter.
Remarks :-The present specimens arefound rarely in the Oligocene Asagai
sandstone examined. They are similar
to Cymatiosphaera parva SARJEANT (1959.
pp. 3-12-:343. pl. 13. fig. 6; text-fig. 81
from the Upper Cornbrash sandy limestone of Yorkshire. England. hut theJapanese species differs from C. pan•ain the form of polygonal fields. This
species differs also from another Japanese species C. glubulosa lin this report.
pl. 30. figs. 6-7) in the shell dimension
and the form of polygonal fields.
Age and occurrence: - Oligocene;
muddy fine sandstone which contains
many mollusca of the Asagai formation,
Hirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira).
Fukushima Prefecture: new no. 1 boreof the Yoshima colliery. Furukawa !\lining Company.
Family Leiosphaeridae EISEr\ACK. 1954.

211

Description:- The shell is smooth. relatively large. with a thin ~md folded
membrane. The length of the shell issomewhat greater than breadth. It is
unknown whether an opening exist ornot. The specimens !Pl. 30. fig. 14; Pl.
33. fig. 12) are broken.
Remarl~s:- Pa/aeostomocystis fragilis
COOKSON & EISENACK was described by
I. C. COOKS0:-1 and A. EISENACK (1962. pp.
<196-497. pl. 7. figs. 10-11) from the Cretaceous of Western Australia. This Australian specimens possess large shell andfinely granulated surface of wall. but
the Japanese specimens are formed bya smooth membrane.
The present species is similar to Leiosplweridia baltica EJSE:\ACK (1958. p. 3.
pl. 2. fig. 5) described and figured by A.
EISENACK from Ordovician. The former
differs from L. ballica in that the btter
possesses larger size and thicker wall.
Age and occurrence: - Oligocene;
muddy fine sandstone which contains
many marine mollusca of the As:.~gaiformation, Hirakubo. ca. <! km north of
Taira. Fukushima Prefecture: new no.
1 bore of the Yoshima colliery. Furukawa !'dining Company.

Genus Leiosphaeridia (EISE1\ACK. 1958:
DowNIE & SARJEA:\T. 1963.

Leiosphaeridia rugu/ata sp. nov.

Leiosphaeridia laez•igata sp. nov.

Pl. 32. figs. 11-15.

Pl. 30. f1gs. 13. 14: Pl. 33. fig. 12 (cf.).

Ifo/otype :-Dept. Geol. 1\.vushu Univ.,
slide GK-V 3087; pl. 32. fig. 13.
Diagnosis :-Shell spherical to ellipsoidal. !inely gr;1nulate or rugulate.
thin-walled. Without processes Some
specimens with pylome.
Dimensions :-Shell diameter ca. 32 to
47 p: shell wall 0.5 f1 or less; diameterof opening 2.7 to 3.5Jt: holotvpe:
Shell diameter ca. 47 p; shell wall 0.5 f1
thick.
Description:- The shell is circular to

l!olotype :-Dept. Geol. Kyushu Univ ..
slide GK-V 3087; pl. 30. fig. 13.
Diagnosis :-Shell spherical to ellipsoidal. smooth. thin-walled. Without processes. \Vithout divisions into fields andwithout furrows or girdles. Without
pylome (?).
Dimen.~ions :-Shell diameter 42-73.6 ,a;shell wall very thin; holotype: Shell
diameter 56.5 p.

1\iuoshi 1AI\./lH,lSHI

212

broad-elliptical in outline. with a thinand folded membrane and a relatively
wide pylome (seen only in figs. 11 and
15). The surface of wall is sculptured
with a finely granulated and rugulated
pattern.

Remarh :-Leiosphaeridia

granulata

was emended and describedby A. EISE~ACK (1958). This species is
a form with very large opening (pylome:ca. 40 per cent of shell diameter), but
Leiosphaeridia rugu/ata possesses a small
opening (under 1/10 of shell diameter).
. lge and occurre11ce :-Oligocene: muddy fine sandstone which contains many
marine mollusca of the Asagai formation. Hirakubo (ca. 4 km north of Taira),
Fukushima Prefecture: new no. 1 boreof the Yoshima colliery. Furukawa~lining Colllpany.
(EISE:'\ACK)Remarks:- The present specimen issimilar to the Ordovician species Leio·
sphaeridia lenuissima

E!SENACK(1958.

p. 8, pl. 2. figs. 1-2) which possesses
many small and round spots. It is notdetermined whether the present specimen belongs to the tenuissima form or
not.
Age and occurrence :-Oligocene; finesandstone of the Asagai formation.
Hirakubo, ca. 4 km north of Taira.
Fukushima Prefecture; new no. 1 boreof the Yoshima colliery, Furukawa!\lining Company .
Dinoftagella ta
lncertae sedis
Genus :lpteodinium EISE:'\ACI<, 1958
Apteodinium sp.
Pl. 33. figs. lOa. b.

Leiosphaeridia sp.
Pl. 33. tlg. 11.

Description :-The shell is circular in·outline. with a thin and folded membrane. No pylome is seen. The surface
of wall is sculptured with a finely
granulated pattern.
Dimensio11s :-Shell diameter 42.7 11:
shell wall very thin.

Description :-The shell is globularform, prolonged at the apex into a shorthorn. The shell wall is thin, yellowish
brown in color, and with a fine granulation. A median transverse girdle is uncertain. The horn is yellowish in colorand somewhat curved falcate form.
Dimensions :-Shell diameter withouthorn 2-!.7 f.!: length of horn 2.3 ft; width

Explanation of Plate 32(X ca. 1000)
Figs. 1-9.

Fig. 10.
Figs. 11-15.

Jlicrh.vstridium (?) spinuliferum sp. nov.
I. 3. 5, 6: slide GK- V 3086: 5: holotype: 2. •I, 7: slide GK- V 3088: 8a, b. 9: s\ide
GK-V 3087.
Ba/tisphaeridium sp. cslide GK-V 3086.
J.ei"splweridia rugu/afa sp. no\·.

II. 12. 1-l: slide GK- V 3088: 13: slide GK- V 3093: 15: holotype. slide GK--V 3087.

T AKA HASH!:

Microplankton from the Asagai .formation

10

Plate 32

4fi8.

Jllicroplanklon frmn the A::;ayai fonnalion

at horn base 3.2 fl.
Remarks :-Only one specimen was
found in the Oligocene Asagai sandstone
examined.
The similar species.
Apteodi11i11m
granulatum EISENAch: (1938. pp. 386-387.
pl. 23. figs. 8-11. text-fig. 1). was described by A. EISE:\ACK from the Upper
Aptian of ?\orth Germany. This species
is more than two to three times as large
as the japanese species.
. lge and occurreut:e :-Oligocene: nnes.:mdstone of the Asagai formal ion.
Hirakubo. ca. ,l krn north of Taira.
Fukushima Prefecture: new no. 1 boreof the Yoshima colliery, Furukawa l\lining Company.
References.-\Lin:tnl. G. (1959): Zur Kenntnis der Gattung De}landrea ElSic:-IACK (Dinotla!<.) in
dcr Kreide und im Alttertiar Nord-und:\lineldeutschlands. ,l/i/1. Geol. Stew/sins/.
Hamburg. 28. 93-105. Taf. 8-9.
- - (1961) : Zur Kcnntnis mesozoischer unci
alttertiarer Dinoflagellaten und Hystrichosphaerideen von .\'ord- und l\'littelcleutschland. Palaeontographica. 1\. 1 16,
l-58. Taf. 1-12.
Cool'~.;o:-;, I. C. and ElsE:-;AcK. A. (1960) :Microplankton from Australian Cretaceous sediments. ;Uicropaleontology, 6,(1). 1-18. pis. 1-3.
- - and - - (1962) : Additional microplankton from Australian Cretaceous
sediments.
Micropaleontology. 8. (·1),·185-507, pis. 1-7.
DEFLA:-;DRE. G. (1936) :Microfossiles dessilex cretaces.
Premiere partie. Ann.
Pateont .. 25, 151-191.
- - (1937) : Microfossiles des silex cretaccs. Deuxieme partie. Ann. Pateonl ..
26. 51-103.
- - (19-!5) : ~licrofossiles des calcaires
siluriens de Ia l\iontogne Noire.
Ann.
Pateont., 31. -11-75. pl. 1-2.
- - (1954) : Systematique des hystricho-

sphaerides: sur !accept ion du genre (..'_vma·
liosplwera WETZEL. C. R. Somm. Soc.
Geol. France. 257-259.
DEt;:-;FF. J. (195-!) : Verhachium, genre nou·
Yeau rl'l lystrichosphercs du Prima ire.
S. R. Soc. Ceo!. France. 305-306.
Do\'::-;JE. C .. EviTT, W. K and SARJFANT,W. A. S. (1963) : Dinoflagellates. Hystrichuspheres and the clas,;ification of theAcritarchs. Stanford Unir. publications.
Ceo/. Sci .. 7. (3). 1-16.
Dow:-;11-:. C. and SARJEA:-;T, Vol. A. S. (1963):
On the interpretation and status of some
hystrichosphere genera. Palaeontology. 6.
(J). 83-96.
Etsl'::-;1\CK. .-\. (1954) : Microfossilien aus
Phosphoriten des samlindischen Unteruligoziins und tiber die Einheitlichkeit clcr
Hy:;trichospbaeridecn. Palaeontograp!lica.
A. Jo.:;. ·19-95.
- - (1957) : l\Iikrofossilien in organischer
Sub:;tanz aus dem Lia:; Scbwabens (Siiddeutschland). N. ]b. Ceof. Pafaeont .. A bit.
JO.'i. 239-249.
- - (19:'i8) : Tasmanites :--!EWTO:-; 1875 andLeiosphaeridia n. g. als Gattung der
llyst richosphaeridea.
Palaeonlographi ca.
A. 1 !0. 1-19.
- - (19.')8): l\1ikroplankton aus dem norddeutschell Apt. N. ]b. Ceo!. Palaeonl ..
Ab/i. 1Ori. :l83-422.
- - (1963) : Hystrichosphiiren. Bioi. Re·z•icu:s ..18. (J). 107-1:39. pis. 2.
EVITT. W. R. (1961):
Obsen·ations on themorphology of fossil dinoflagellates.
Micropaleontology. '7. (·1), 385-420. pis. 1-9.
Gocwr. II. (1957): Mikroplankton aus dem
nordwestdeutschen Neokom (Tcil I).
Paliionl. Z .. 31. 163 185.
- - (1959) : Mikroplankton aus dem nordwestdeutschen l\eokom (Teilll). Palaolll.
.13. (1{2), 50-87.
- - (1960) : Die Gattung Chiropteridium n.
gen. (IIystrichosphaeridea) im deutschen
Oligozfin. Paliiont. Z .. :n. (3/.f). 221-232.
]El<IIOWSKY. B. DE (1961):
Sur quelques
Hystrichosphares
Permo-Triassiquesd'Europe et d'Afrique. Ret•ue de !\licropafiontologie, 3. 207-212. pl. 1-2.
Kt.E;\IE:O.:T, K. W. (1960): Dinoflagellaten undz ..

Kiuoshi TAI\.4/JASlll

214

Jlystrichosphaerideen aus dem unteren
und mittleren Maim Sudwestdeutschlands.
Pa/aeonlographica, A. 114. 1-111. Taf 110. tfs. 1-37. Tab. I.
KLt::o.tPP. B. (1953) : Beitrag zur Kenntnis
der Mikrofossilien des mittleren und
obcren Eozans.
Palaeontographica. A.
103, 377--106
MAtER. D. (1959) : Planktonuntersuchungenin tertiiircn und quartaren marinen Sedi·
menten. N. ]b. Ceo/. Paliio11t., Ablz. 107,278-3,10.
SARJEANT, W. A, S. (1959) : Microplankton
from the Combrash of Yorkshire. Ceo/.
Mag .. 96. :129-346. pl. 1.
- - (1962): Upper Jurassic microplankton
from Dorset. England. J1licropoleonlology.
8. (2). 255-268. pis. 1-2.
STOCK:>.IANS. F. et WtLLIERE, Y. (1960):
Hystrichosphcres du Dcvonien beige.
Senck. !et/1 .. ·1 I. 1-11.
TAKAHASHI. Kiyoshi (196:1): Palynologisch-

Hirakubo

stratigraphische Untersuchung im JoobanKohlenfeld.
(Japanisch mit deutschen
Zusumnenfassung). Sci. Rep. Foe. Sci ..
f{yuslm Uni11., Ceo/., 6. (2). 77-94. textfigs. 8, tabs. 6. pis. 9-12.
- - (H'63) : Pollen analysis of the marine
sandstone of the Asagai formation in the
Joban coal-field-with special reference tothe stratigraphic correlation- (in Japanese with English abstract). ]our. Mining!nsf. Kyushu. 31, ( ll). 4-!7-455. pl. 1.
VA 1.r:;-;st. L. (1953) : Microfossile& des silex
du Jurassique moyen. Mem. Soc. Ceo/.
France. Nouz·elle siirie, 32, (4). 68. 1-100.
WALL. David and Doii'NIE. Charles (1963) :Permian hystrichosphcres from Britain.
Palaeontology, 5. (4), 770-784, pis. 112-114.
\VEILER. H. (1956): i.iber eine Fund ,-on
Dinoflagellaten. Coccolithophoriden und
Hystrichosphaeriden
imTertiiir desRheintales. N. ]b. (;eo!. Paliiont., AM.
104. 129-147.

YA\

Explanation of Plate 33(x ca. 1000),1/icrhystridittm asagaiense sp. no\·.
slide GK- V 3086.
Fig. 2.
Micrhystridium mi1111S sp. nov.
slide GK-V 3088.
Fig. 3.
Micrhystridium sp. cslide GK-V 3086.
Figs· 4-6.
Micrhystridium (?) spinuliferum sp. nov.
4. 6: slide GK-V 3086: 5: slide GK--V 3087.
Figs. 7-9.
Ba!tisphaeridium (?) polyceratum sp. nov.
7: slide GK-V 3087: 8. 9: slide GK-V 3086.
Figs. lOa. b. Apteodinium sp.
slide GK-V 3087.
Fig. ll.
Leiosphaeridia sp.
slide GK-V 3087.
Fig. 12.
LeiosjJhaeridia cf. laet·igala sp. nov.
slide GK-V 3087.
Fig. 13.
Indeterminable remain.
slide GK-V 3088.
Fig. 1.

TAKAHASHI :Microplankton from the Asagai formation

Plate 33

3

lOa

lOb

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S.. No. 54, pp. 215-233, pis. 34. 35, June 30. 195·1

4GH.

SO:.\IE :;\IlDDLE PERl\HAN AVICULOPECTINIDAE FROM

THE KITAKAl\II MASSIF, NORTHEAST JAPAN*\·lASAFUl\11 !\IURATA
Institute oi Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University*11)~L!:il ll'IJFPi'ill""'"'-"
Aviculopectinidae: ~tJ:Illlt!!ffii'fl~l.:.9fi.ii!d-:o rNlf).-<.;v.!. *~'~~
ii"'.&O:IT;JJm:.::ktlt ~ xt..Q JIF~!:!lifc"'.t 'H~/[j L. t..:. Aviculopectinidae 1.:. "?~ • -c, Ff'·Jft (1925)11)rr!~tll\ t 1l;-~-c~'1i L t..:.Mlil: 4 1/.ti 8 f~v:iili(;JI]~;Itt..:., 6 t•IH:tirrfillc:!b .QiJ: . .:(-11)•:J:li.:.:!.IV:illi
Jil!~I1)J:>iLT:liilt*- l'ffl:""'-'"' h ;~ .t 1J f*~~tLt..:.fii\l.:..i!i~l1) t 11)fl:1l;- i tt.0, rq fr~l1)1>!j:f~l.::.
01. · ·ot. f(ki1)JWHH!:II'$: {, l'9t;M Ut*l1) Word formation l.:.k{!t ~.iL.Q >b 11)"'(·;1:~ G:!:t~'$:~-w~L t..:.,·ff f.Fl IE )(Introduction and Acknowledgements

creased rem1rk.lbly. It is during thisperiod th:tt the collectio;1 of pelecypo:lsand other fossils h:ts accumulated in our
Institute 0f Geology and Paleontology,
Tohoku University. Amnng these newly
added specimens. there are nnny avicu·
lopectinids which are additional to theones previously described by 1-IA YASAK:\(1925) and important in a reinstatementof that fauna.
In the present article the writer des·cribes the result of a restudy 1-IAYAS.\KA'soriginal materials together with aviculo·
pectin ids accumulated since 1925. As theresult the writer distinguishe:l eightspecies distributed among four generaof Aviculopectiniclle from the Permian
Kanokura formation and its equivalent
Hiryupma formation.
Among theseeight species. six are described as new
to science and the fauna in general ischaracterized by some of its species
being rel:lted with peculiar species ofEurasia and others showing intimate
relation with certain North American
forms.

It h:1s been known for a long timethat pelecypods. brachiopods. corals,
fusulinids and other fossils occur inabundance from the Permian l~anokura
formation which is distributed typicallyin the southern part of the KitakJmi
iVlassif in lwate .:tnd .tvliyagi Prefectures,NortheJ.st Japan. Among these fossils
the brachiopods from the associated occurrence of Lyttonia had been studiedin more or less detail since many years
ago. However. there are only a few
publications (1-!AYASAKA, 1925) concerning the systematics of the pelecypod
fauna of the formation.
During the 10 years since I-IAYASAKA's
public::.ttion on the Permian pelecypodsof the Kanokura formation. our know·
iedge on the geology of the Paleozoic
sediments distributed in the southernpart of the Kitakami Massif has in• Received April 27, !96·1: read at theannual meeting of the society, Jan. 19. 1964.

215

2Hi

11fasafumi MURA.TA

Before proceeding. the writer thanks
Professor lchiro HA YASAKA of the Tamagawa University. Tokyo. for his kind
guidance and valuable suggestions during the course of the present work. l-Ie
is indebted to Professor Kotara liAL\I,Institute of Geology and Paleontology,
Tohoku Uniyersity, for his kind supervision during this work in the laboratory.
Acknowledgements are dur to Drs. Hisakatsu YABE and Shoshiro HA:-\ZAWA.
Professors Emeritus of the Tohoku Lni·
versity, and to Professor '(oshio ONUKI,
Department of Geology. Faculty of Education, Tohoku University for their encouragements and suggestions. Thanks
are also due to Dr. Shozo HAYASAKA of
the Tohoku Universty for his valuablesuggestions and discussions and to 1\lr.
lkuro SASAKI of the Kurokaw:1 HighSchool. 1vliyagi Prefecture. for his specimens.
Stratigraphical Position and GeologicalAge of the Aviculopectinids
The aviculopectinids described in thepresent article are from three localities.
two of the Kanokura formation and oneof the Hiryuyama formation. Of these
localities. one includes the type localityof the Kanokura formation. \\-here thestratigraphical sequence and lithologicalfacies are shown in the first column ofTable 1. The lithofacies of the fossil
localities are different from one anotherthough in the same stratigraphical position. and for this reason this relation isshown in the three columns of Table 1.
From Table I, it is evident that thelithofacies of the aviculopectinids fromthe three localities are different, consisting of thick sandstone at the type locality, of calcareous sandstone at the
locality of Kamiyasse and of tuffaceous

sandstone at Hiryu-yama. But, it should
be noticed that each of the localities
consists of coarse grained sediments,
thus indicating a clean sea bottom.
However, it may be added that the a\·iculopectinids occur from both the coarse
and argillaceous sediments, which points
to that the former may have been thatof the life environment whereas that of
the latter the one of death environment,
because it is considered that these aviculopectinids are swimming forms which
would not prefer to settle on soft muddy
bottoms.
The geological age of the Kanokura
formation and its equivalents can be
determined also from that Yabeina
multiseptata (DEPRAT) and Verbeellina
l!crbeeki !GE!l\ITZ) occur from the limestone intercalated in the middle andupper parts of the formation. Parafusu!ina matsubaishi FcJTMOTO occurs
throughout the formation. These fusulinids are typical l\-liddle Permian protistids with extensive distribution andshort geological range. The aviculopectinids occur in a position below the
first two fusulinids yet above the basal
conglomerate of the formation. whichshows that they are of the same geological age. Besides the fusulinids justmentioned, Paraceltites aff. e/egans
GrRTY (HA YASAKA. 19-tO). Propinacoceras
aff. galilaei GEI\DIELLARO. (HAYAS,\KA,
1955, 1963), ;lgathiceras aff. suessi GEMMELLARO, Ciboliles cf. uddeni PLUI\1:\IER,
Tainoceras llitalwmiensis HAYASAKA andFoodiceras? sp. (JIAYASAKA. 1962. 1963)
have been reported from the Kamiyasse
and its neighboring localities. The third
listed one of these cephalopods occurs
from the upper part of the Kanokura
formation. and the others are said tohave been collected from the lower partof same formation from where the aviculopectinids were collected. The pre-J.-

Table 1..

Type section of the Kanokura
formation (Kanokura.zawa. Surnitacho. Kesen-gun. Iwate Prefecture)::0::.

Stratigraphical Sequence of the Fossil Localities.
* fossil horizon

Kamiyasse, Kesennuma City,
Miyagi Prefecture~South slope of Hiryuyama
Miyamori-mura. Kamihei-gun,
Iwate Prefecture

~
;;;
~

~

R..

R..
~

Tovomas'tateDark to black slate withintercalated conglomerate
and limestone.

ToyomaSlate

Dark to black slate withintercalated conglomerate
and limestone.

~

JVIissing

~

Ei

:;i:

4 m thick limestone.
Sandi' slate intercalatedwith ·300m thick limestone.
Kanokura
forn1ation

180m thick sandstone withthin sandy slate layers.*

Kanokura
formation

3S 111 thick conglomerate of

granule to pebble gravels.

AI t. of sandstone andblack slate, 130m thicl<.
7 m thick limestone.
80 m thicl\ alt. of calcareous sandstone and graysandy slate.*
R m thick co11glomerate ofpebble to cobble gravels.

~~

Thick conglomerate ofpebble to cobble gravels.
I·J'r
1 yuynma
formal ion
i'v1assive tuffaceous sandstone* intercalated with
about 3 sandy slate layer~.

Thick limestone.

R..
~

•._

Sakamolo·za\vaformation

Calcareous slate intercalated with acidic tuff.

Alt. of sand,;l:onc andsandy slate.
Sakamotozawa
formation

Thick conglomerate ofpebble to cobble gravels.
unconformity _ _ _ _ _ _ ,_Pre-Permian formal inns (Carboni·ferous and older)-----~-

Thick limestone.
Sandy slate.

Tasso beformation

fault contact~·

Alt. of sandv slate nnd
black slate. ·.....
:::::-

Thick limestone.

._

Fine grained sandstone.

Conglomerate. thick,pebble to cobble gravels.

Conglomerate. thick.
pebble to cobble gr:wels.

unconformity

unconformity

Older formation no! exposed~....:..

.,.
.....
:::l

fault contal'lSanely slate.

~·

S'
~

Pre-Permian fnrlllalion (Middle
Carboniferous)~'......
~

:::l

~

:::l

~
~

i2'
':r.

"'

~
t>::
I-'

-1

21~

viously recorded cephalopods other thanthose above mentioned and their localities in the 1\.anokura formation and its
equivalents in the Kitakami ivlassif are
as follo\VS :;l/edlicoll ia ? sp.; the Haritsuke Pass.
1\liyamori-mura. Kamihei-gun. Iwate
Prefecture: the Kumonoueyama formation (II A \'ASAK,\, 1953).
Hanielocerasintermedium(\YA:":"'ER);
Bud6-zawa,
Sumita-cno.
Kesen-gun.
Iwate Prefecture: lower part of the
Kanokura formation (IIAYASAKA. 1953).
Foodiceras akiyamai HAYASAKA: Tagara,
Kesennuma City, Miyagi Prefecture:
lower part of the Kanokura formation(IL\ YAS,\I<.:t\, 1960).
Staclzeoceras iwoizakiense M:\Bl:Tl: lwaizaki. Kesennuma City. Miyagi Prefec.:ture; lower part of the lwaizaki limestone (M ,\1\t:Tl. I93S).
Propinacocems aff. ga/i/aei GE~t~lELl.ARo.
Foodicrras akiyamai HA\'ASAKA andTainoaras
abukumense 1-L\Y:\S.".l<A:
Iwaizaki, Kesennuma City. 1\Iiyagi Pre
fecture; upper most of the lwaizaki
limestone where just above Yabei11a
limestone (IIAYASJ\KA 1962, )963).
Paraceltites sp. and Stenopoceras japoniwm
NAK,\ZA\\'A:
Tenjinnoki, Towa-ch6.
Tome-gun, i\liyagi Prefecture: Tenjinnoki formation (NAIC\ZA\\',\, 1960: UEDA. 1963).
Stacheoceras sp.; Ohama. Ogachi-ch6. Monogun. Miyagi Prefecture: Obama limestone (II.>\ Y J\SAKA, 1940).

On the strength of those cephalopods
the ageof the Kanokura formation is equi\"alent
to GERTH's (1950) Basleo Stage (Timorites
Zone). In the Takakura-yama districtof the Abukurna 1\lassif, Agathiceras
spp., Stacheoceras sp.. Med/icottia? sp ..
Propinacoceras sp., Paracellites sp., Pseu·
dogastrioccras sp., H'aa.!{enoceras sp.,
Tainoceras abulwmense I-IAYASAKA and
Tylonautilus j1ermicus HAYASAKA havebeen recorded by IL\YASAKA (1957) fromHA YASAKA (1963) concluded thatthe upper part of the Kashiwadaira formation. from which Yabeina sp. andYabeina mullisepta/a (DEI'RAT) also occurred (HAYASHI. 1937; IIANZAWA ;-llld
l\IURATA. 1963). According to HA YASAKA 0963) the age of this formation
is equivalent to the Socio Stage (Waagenoceras Zone). However, according to
the range chart of DU!'\BAh! e/ a/. 11960\
the cephalopod fauna of the Kanokura
formation as well as of the 1\.ashiwadaira formation corresponds to that of
the Word formation in North America.
Therefore. from the fusulinids andcephalopods the writer thinks that it isquite reasonable to consider that the ageof the Kanokura formation and the
1-liryuyama formation is middle Permian.
and that these formations should becorrelated with the Word formation in
North America.

Systematic Description
Family Aviculopeclinidae ETIIERIUGE.
Jr .. 1906
Subfamily Aviculopectininae ~lEEK
and IIA YDE:-\, 1864
Genus .'lviculopecten 1vlcCor. 1851

,tl'iculopecten sasakii rvtuRATA. n. sp.
Pl. 31. figs. I. 2

Description :-Shell small, subrectanglar in outline, somewhat wider thanhigh, with an acute posterior auricle
and rather deeply incised sinuses atmargin of each auricle; hinge-line slight·
ly longer than the greatest transverse
diameter: obliquity. acline or slightly
prosocline; axis of posterior sulcus nt<tr·
ly bisecting auricles; urnbonal angle
about 90 degrees; convexity ratio in left
valves 0.28. 0.30, in right valve 0.22.
Surface of shell including transition

41i.9.

Some Midrlle l 1ennian ,\vitttlopectiniclae from the Kitakami Massif

2mm
0Fig. l. Antero.posterior profile acrossthe ventral margin of the left valve ofAttiwlopecten sasakii. lVh:R.\TA. n. SJ>.

zone with 21 to 23 thin, high and subequal costae. separated by relatively
broad :J.nd round v.:dleys. Left valve
with numerous tangential spines :lrranged on costae in irregular concentric rows.
indistinct except for anterior transitional
costae in right valve. Auricles ornamented with closely space:! spinose
CO!;tae, 5 to 8 in number. but: inneasein number in bter stages by intercala·tion. on the right posterior.
The measurements of the specimens
of :lt•iculopec/en .~asakii are giyen in
Table 2.
Comparison and ilffinity:-This species
closely resembles in shape :111d numberof costae .1. jl}zosphaticus GIRTY 11910.
p. 43, pl. 4. fig. 111. but differs therefrom
by h:wing numerous spines on costae,no concentric ornamentation on the shellsurface and larger size.
.1. manc/wricus CHAO (1927. p. 31. pl.
2. figs. 23. 24) is an :.~nother species re·lated to the present one, but can be
distinguished by its intercalation of thecostae on the shell surface and by theother characters mentioned above.
Remarks:- This species is named after?vir. lkuo SASAKI of the Kurokawa HighSchool. !vliyagi Prefecture. who offered
the specimens to the writer for study.
Material:- The new species is basedon several specimens, among which twoof them consist of nearly complete
valves, the others include fragmental
materials. all from a single locality. The
preservation of these specimens is not
good, and consist only of external and...::.-~.... ·~19

internal molds: the external ornamentation is retained and can be observed indetail.
llolotype :-IGPS. coli. cat. no. 85730.
Paratype :-lGPS, coli. cat. nos. 85731.
85746.
Ocwrrence :-Rare in the calcareous
sandy slate of the Kanokura formation,at the upper course of the Shigeji-zawa,
Kami·yasse. Kesennuma City. ~liyagi
Prefecture (JGPS. loc. no. i'vli 117). Kano·
kur:-~ formation. l'vliddle Permian.

..!viculopecten hayasakai i'VlURATA. n. sp.

1925. ill'icutopecten inlerslilialis
IL\YASAKA(PIIILLII's),(non PiiiLLIPS. 1936). p. 7, pl.

8. tigs. 3-5.

Description: - Suborbicubr medium·sized shells ranging in height up to
30 mm. in adults. with deeply depressedauricles, separated from shell body byrather deep auricular sulci and welldefined. oulv·;ardly curved. subangularumbonal folds: acline or slightly proso·
cline, but majority of present specimens
obliquely deformed by pressure; umbonal angle in undistorted specimens
about 90 degrees: both valves moderately
convex. right one a little less than left.
convexity ratio in left valves 0.20 to 0.21.
in right valves 0.13 to 0.17. ~Iargin ofleft anterior auricle subrounded, indented
at extremity of sulcus by a shallow
sinus. margin of posterior auricles in·dented by a broad and deep sinus, mak·ing auricles acute.
Shell of left valve with two distinct
sets of costae. 7 prominent rounded onesof first set of costae with numerous
coarse tangential spines arranged inirregular concentric rows. and several
finer costae intercalated in broad rather

Masafnmi i1IURA Til

220
A

0

5 mm.
B

0

5mm.

Fig. 2. Antero-posterior profiles acrossthe venLral margin of At•iculopecten haya.
sakoi 1\h:RATA. n. sp.
A. left valve: B. Right valve.

deep concave interspaces: these finer
costae not uniform in strength, rather
variable according to stage of development, three of them start from umbo
and others intercalated alternately: e:1ch
finer costae marked by small spinelike
imbricating scales. !.eft anterior auricle
with 9 to 14 fine costae grading into 3
to 5 crowded transitional costae; 7 or 8
fine rather uniform costae on left pas·terior auricle; small spines and projecting imbricate lamellae on auricularcostae; coarse rugose cardinal costae
present. Surface of right valye gently
undulated, with numerous fine costae.
several fine costne intercalated in broadand shallow depressed interspaces:
costae crossed by fine imbricating lamellae with spine-like projections. although they are obscure than left valve.
The measurements of A11icu/opecten
hayasakai are given in Table 2.
Comparison and .tlffinily :-This form
is quite identical with the specimen
which HA YASAKA (1925) figured anddescribed as ..4. inlerstitialis (PIIlLLIPS).
PHILLIPS (1836) originally described only
the left valve, as follows:-" What aboutsixteen narrow, sharp, rough, radiating
ribs, the intervening spaces \\'ith threestriae or fine ribs. A specimen in l'v1r.

Gn.nERTSON's collection has stronger
ribs. Near the beak the ribs are alternately larger and smaller, cars acute.''J\fCoY (1844) retained PHILLIPS' species
name. and though he gave no illustrations. he stated that his specimens haveabout 18 spinose costae of the first orderand three smaller ribs or striae intercalated in the interspaces. Nevertheless.
he 0855) described that. this form
possesses 9 to 18 narrow. sharp, radiating ribs, between which are 3 to 9
smaller ones. and that the ribs havehooked spines at close regular interYals.
He placed Pecten intercostata M'COY
into the synonymy of fl. inlerstitialis.
On the other hand, the specimens described and illustrated by IIIND (1903) as
A interstilialis have about six costae ofthe first order. three or more finer lines
in the interspaces, and obscure concentric rolds, but no spines on the left\'al\'e. The writer considers that neither
IIIJ'\D's A.. intershtlalis nor l'vi'CoY's P.
intercos/a/a are valid species and they
may be individual variants which should
be included into the synonymy of ,·l.
interstilialis of PHILLIPS. The present
new species is distinguished fromPHJLI.IPS' type specimen and J\fCoy's(lS.H) .'l. interstitia/is in having 7 costaeof the first order. The ornamentationof the left valve in this form is moresimilar to HI;.m's !l. intersliliali.~ than
PIIILLTPS' holotype, and distinct protuberances of the costae are observed.
Furthermore. the writer has been fortunate to obtain a single specimen (pl. 34.
figs. 4a. b) of which both valves makea pair. the right valve of this from has
a quite different ornamentation fromthat of HIND's specimen. P. intercostata
M'CoY is also distinguished from thepresent one by the shape of the spines
and in the smaller costae. the middle
one of which is usually larger than theldi9.

Some .Vlirldle Permia.u A1'icnlopect·in-idae from the Kitakmni Mass·~(others. This species is very much likeA. segregatus M'CoY which f-!1:-.:D and
HA YASAK.\ considered to be identicalwith their .-l. interstitia/is. but differs
in the spinosity on the costae. and broad
and fiat interspaces. The writer agrees
with ErcHWALD (1860) in that, DE VER·
NEUIL's Pecten kokcharo.fi and P. boueiarc synonyms of the present species. but
has some doubt about HtNu's opinion
that these species are identic~ll with A.
seuregatus ?\!'CoY. because DE VEI{~EUJL's
species are based upon only left valves
whereas that of the latter is a rightva!Ye. In any case. these specimens
have no spines. :1. hiemalis SALTEJ{
which HA YASAKA (1925) considered to besynonymous with his .l. inters/ilia/is,
is closely related to the present new
form. but differs in outline of the shell
which is longer rhan high and by thesecond order costae attaining the sizeof that of the first order.
Remarks:- As stated already. thisform could not he identified with any
known species except HA YASA K:\ 's .·l.
interstitia/is. which seems to be different
from PHILLIPS' type for such reason thewriter proposes the new n:une of haya·salwi.
Material :-The species is based on adozen specimens. almost all external andinternal molds. and more or less de·formed. The external ornamentation iswell preserved. In a single internalmold both valves were found in apposi·t ion.
Ilolotype :-IGPS, coil. cat. no. 85737.
Paratype :-IGPS. coil. cat. nos. 85738,
85739, 85741.
Ocwrrence :-!~ather common in thelower part of tlw Kanokura formation,
at some lacalities all of which belong toabout the same stratigraphic horizon.
The holotype and one paratype were
found in a gray sandy slate of the221

Shigeji-zawa member of the 1\anokura
formation. at the upper course of the
Toya-zawa, Kamishishiori. Kesennuma
City, ~Jiyagi Prefecture (IGPS. toe. no.
ivli I L6). One para type and five otherspecimens were collected from a calcar·
eous sandstone and gray calcareous slate
at the upper course of Shigeji·zawa.
Kamiyasse. Kcscnnurna City. Mipgi
Prefecture (IGPS, toe. no. \tli 117). IIAYA·
SAK:\'s specimens are internal molds of
t\\'o left and one right valves, and werecollected from a dark gray sandy shaleat lm6. Yahagi-machi. Rikuzen·takada
City. Iwate Prefecture (IGPS. Joe. no. It
Ol·ll. These localities are adjacent toeach other, and the respective beds canbe trace to one another. Another loc:-llity
is Kanokura-zawa. Sumita-ch6. Kesen·gun. Iwate Prefecture (IGPS. toe. no. It0'12), which is the type locality of the
Kanokura formation. Kanokura forma·tion, Middle Permian.
!ll'iculopecten halaii \IURATA. n. sp.
Pl. :!·l. figs. lOa-d

Description :-Shell below medium size.
suborbicular. with moderately incisedsinuses at margin of each auricle: an·terior umbonal fold moderately cur\'ed
outward. posterior one nearly straight.
curved very slighlly outward: marginof anterior auricle subrounded. sigmoid·
ally recurved at hinge: posterior auricle
acute: acline or slightly opisthocline(this specimen is obliquely deformed bypressure); umbonal angle about 80
degrees: convexity ratio in left val\'e0.10, right valve unknown.
Surface of left valve with numerous
radial costae of different strengths.
which m:1y be classified into four orders.
First order costae rounded and 7 or 8
in number. Between two of them a~G9.

Sonw iY!iddle l'ennian Aviculoptcf'i.nidae from the 1\.·ita/wm·i Max;rif

are external and internal molds of left
valves. Their preservations are notso good, but their surface ornamentations are \Veil observed in some externalmolds.
Holotype :-IGPS. coli. cat. no. 85745.
Paratype :-lGPS, coli. cat. nos. 85749,
85756. 85761.
Occurrence :-Rather common in thelower part of the Kanokura formation.
in some localities of the same horizon.
The holotype occurred from a graycalcareous fine grained sandstone withfragments of brachiopods and fusulinids.
at Shigcji-zawa, Kamiyasse, Kesennuma
City, tvliyagi Prefecture dGPS. loc. no.
l\Ii 117). The other localities of thisspecies are Hosoo-zawa. 1\.amiyasse.
Kesennuma City, Ivliyagi Prefecture andImo, Yahagi-machi. Rikuzen-takada City.
Iwate Prefecture. Kanokura fonnntion,
1\•liddle Permian.

Acantlwpeclen spinosus HA YASAKA
Pl. 35, figs. lOa. b

19:25. Acanlh.opec/en spinosus IL\ YASAE:\, p.
10. pl. 8. fig. 6 (non fig. I =A. ~:f. coloradoensis (NEWBERRY))This species was first described andillustrated by HAYASAK:\ (192:1} from the
Kanokura formation, based on two external molds, however, their surface
ornamentations are quite different fromone another. From such reason thewriter considers that the two specimens
should be separated into different
species.
With regard to the surface ornamentation of this species the writer offers
the following description.
Description :-Shell left valve with 16
broad flattened costae separated by
narrO\\. angular interspaces. Crest of225

each costa with by a narrow costellalike keel.
Auricular costae absent.
Only one order of fila observed at moreor less regular intervals. extendingstraight across costae and interspaces.
At early stage, fila delicate. but subsequent fila become extended ventrally
into sharp points between costae andappear as thickened edges of imbricat·
ing lamellae.

0

2

4 mm.

Fig. 5. Antero.posterior profile of theshell surface near the ventral margin of
Acanthopaten spinosus H,\ YASAKA.
Remarl~~: - This species resembles
Acantlwpecten carbonijerou~ (STEVE'\S)
described and figured by NEWELL (1937)
from the Upper Carboniferous Centralia
formation. l\Iissourian stage. at Crooked
Creek. Illinois. llowe\·er. this species
differs from the one described by
NEWELL. by the larger size. more numerous lila. development of edges of im·
bricating lamellae and the form of theauricles.
llolotype :-IGPS, coli. cat. no. 22388(HA YASAKA 's fig. 6).
Localit_v and Horizon :-Imo. Yahagimachi. Rikuzen-takada City. lwate Prefecture. 1\.anokura formation, Middle
Permian.

Acan/hopcclen cf. coloradoensis(NEWBERRY)

PL 35, figs. 11-13

1925 Acanthopecten spinosus HAYAS!\KA, p.
10. pl. 8. fig. 7 (non flg. 6= .4. spi IIOSIISliAYASAKA. Holotype).
Compare with :1937 Acanl!wpec/en coloradoensis. (NEWBER·

Ma.safumi 111 URA. TA.

222

0

5 mm.

Fig. 3. Antero-posterior profile acrossthe ventral margin of the left \·alv;; ofAl'ictt!opecten hataii :\ItiR.\TA, n. sp.

costa of second order is intercalated
regularly. often atuins to size of firstones on ventral m:trgin of shell. buteither not reach umbo or its vicinity.
Third order costae more deliote. al·though rather unequal in strength andsize. and placed irregularly between
costae of former orders. Ne:1r ventral
margin still younger delicate costae
interpolated regularly between older
ones. During development of shell.
costae bear numerous coarse tangential
spines arranged in irregular concentricrows. On costae of first order. spines
appear from umbonal region and de·veloped progressively to ventral. butthey appear from mid-length of shell on
second order. Fine spines recognized
only on some developed costae of thirdorder. Concentric lines of growth fine.
some of \Vhich are sublamellose. andmuch more crowded than others. Bothauricles of left valve covered by spinose
costae and fine lines of growth. Costae
of auricles classified to four orders but
not so distinct as on shell body. Single
costa of first order approxinutely bisect·ing auricle. Cardinal costae as strong
as first order costa of auricle.
The measurements of the hololype ofAvicu/opecten hataii is given in Table 2.
Comparison and Affinity :-Of the described Eurasian species of Aviculopecten.
A. hiemalis SALTER. 1865 is most nearly
like rl.. halaii. However. the present
new species differs from the one des·cribecl by DIE>;ER (1897) in the develop·
ment of the costae of four orders andby the more numerous spines on the
costae. A. mutabilis LICHAREW. 1927.
also resembles the present species, but
Lrcr-IAREW's species is distinguishable
by having no distinct spinosity on the
costae. A. subcalthratus (KEYSERLING)
1846. is more or less related to this form.
however. according to KEYSERLI>;G. theauricular costae of his species consist of
two principal costae and three bundlessof finer ones.
The species is named after Dr. Kotora
I·IATAI. Professor of Historical Geology.
Institute of Geology and Paleontology.
Tohoku University, who has given to
the writer valuable suggestions during
the course of this study.
Remarks and Ala/erial :-Only externalmolds of a single left valve of thisspecies are known. The external ornamentation of this species is so distinctivethat there should be no difficulty in recognizing it.
llolotype :-lGPS. coli. cat. no. 85732.
Occurrence :-Rare in the calcareous
sandy slate of the Siligeji-zawa memberof the Kanokura formation. at Toya·zawa. Kamishishiori. Kesennuma City.
~vliyagi Prefecture (IGPS. lvc. no. Mi 116).
Kanokur;J. formation. Middle Permian.

Genus .'lcanthopecten GJRTY. 1903
Acanthopec/en onulzii 1\IURATA. n. sp.
Pl. 35. figs. 1-9

Description.-Shell rather small. ~tcline.
orbicular. slightly higher than long. withstraight hinge-line which is a little lessthan length of shell ; beak poimed andsitutated at anterior third of hinge· line;
triangul:lr anterior auricle rather round·
eel at extremity and sharply marked offfrom shell body by angular umbonal fold
and deep sulcus \Vhich overhang at base:Table 2.
-Lengthmm.

0.80
16.3 I 1:1±-· ----·-- - -·1~--0.84
85731 L E
11. 5 I 12. 285730 H E•

85746 LII. (i

6112:{ R23.1

costae

Hi.5

J. Ol

2. 9

I o. 22

15.3

I. Oli

3. 4

0. 28

:t I

I 10. 2±1 0. 88

II

93 - - 7--

90:{0. (j90

0. 30

85737 RI•

1. 12

30. ·I28. 5

I 11. 8·!-1

23. 4 I

85738 I~ E
25. I
!zayasakai 1 - - - - -1--~1- ---1

85742 R E

22•121 L:!7. ;(

85739 LI H:;732 L

I

1. 2-1

5. :~

I

o. 17

?·)

---

1 ·
+I

o ~~
. II

21
2:1

8

I

3. 8

I

o. 13

37+
~-

(j

-----

--~-1 \1

7. ·l

II

9

8

I
I

42+

~

"'"tl
:::""
~

;::;

::::...

""
.;;.<

""

0

'1::::

a
""·
;::;

R:
•18

·17

')()

·

78

32+

P.20

I

77+

:17

()

::t:

~

""

~·.

7

0. 17

~ "
~'-~"- - - . -

~

~

3S+

78
~I~

4. 7

0

~·

-------1---

82
--

3.8

23. ·I

0:::-..
:::::-

""'
._
....,
~
~

;:>;-<

J.l. 2

15.6

I

I. 10

~!~~7_1~! o. zo
O.Hn

I 23. 7-~-

21. 5 I I 0:{

20.4

I~·

29. I I l. 05

IJ.H•i2•1. 2--------

L:

E:

I

28. 0

Hight valve.

r:
.).

1

0.~1]-

-

'>

79

) cJ

8

I

18

~
-,->,

H:{ -_'

9

80

12

~

~~
~

-------

R:o. 9:1,____ ,____ ,____ '37.2

I 0. 17

1----1-~---

22.1~5737 1_-___2 ., 30± -85741 L E

o. 71 +

29. I

857-13 I~ E

5. 3

I

21 +

8

~

:::
""

:::l-.

5+-- I ------~--1

1. -17±\

22

81
I

27. I

]0

-

22. 6 I 0. 9H

1. 32

-

-

1--1--~---

85736 R-

length 1 le_!!_¥l!1_, vexlly _vt::~Y~ angle
Lengl hI
Height degrees Anterior I Posterior
Ill Ill.
_1 ~1---1
II~--1~-~

I

1111/llii

Body

1-Length~·Auricular costae

Jmm.

sasakii-1.-

JHeight-~ H~ig_h-~-~-- Hinge Hi~g~ ,- Con~r :~; Umbonal,

Specimen

Species

Measurements of Japanese /Wiculof>ecten Species

Left val\'e.

3.0

External mold.

0. Illl:

I

Internal mold.

Holotypc.

15

I

:; I

~

-~
~~
I~

~

Masufzoni JlUR.4TA

22-!

posterior auricle larger than anterior
one. extends at extremity into an acuteprojection and separated from main shell
below by low umbonal fold and below
by an almost indistinguishable lowumbonal fold and weal< sulcus: umbonal
angle in undistorted specimens about
110 degrees; left valve moderately
convex. convexity ratio 0.11 to 0.25.

0

2

4mm.

Fig . .t. Antero·posterior profile of theshell surface near the ,·entral margin of.4canlhopecten onukii Ml'RATA. n. sp.

Surf:Jce of shell with 23 to 25 acutely
rounded costae. two or three of whichbecome crowded and weak over posteriorumbonal fold. forming a transit Jon.
separated by narrow angular furrows;
both sides of each costa with narrowcostella: auricular costae not observedon auricles even in a well preserved
specimen. Surface covered with t\\'O
sets of fila, coarse. \\'idely spaced offirst order separated by numerous fineones of second order; in most specimensat hand, second order of fila obscure.
At early stage. first order of fila crowded
and weakly developed. First coarse
filum originated at shell height of 9 to
13 mm. and thereafter distinct fila appear
at rather variable intervals. First orderfila extend yentrally into sharp points
between costae and appear as thickened
inbricating lamellae; fila not vaulted
into projections over costae. Large fila
extend to noncostate auricles acrosssulcus.
The measurements of Acant!wpecten
onukii are given in Table 3.
Comparison and Affinity:- The present
species closely resembles A. elegantu/us(STtJCKE;"~:REI~G). l898. from the "Schwagerina horizone ·· of the Urals. but isdistinguished therefrom by the somewhat larger number of costae and noncostate auricles. The present species
also bears some resemblance with A.
carboniferous (STEVE:-:S) from the Centralia formation (\lissourian stage) ofl\orth America. but the American form
differs in more smaller number of costae
and in the costate or costellate auricles.
Remarl~s: AcanthojJecten carboniferous (STEVEJ'\S) 1858, and rl. elegantulus have wide geographical distributions,the former one is distributed from thei'vlid-Continent region of North America
to North China. and the latter is l<nownfrom the Ural region. the Donetz basin
UAKOWLEW's A. carboniferous) of Russia.
Carnic Alps of Italy and the Yentai coal
field of l'vlanchuria. Howeyer. their geological ranges are restricted. that of theformer is known from the Des ~vloinen·
sian to Virgili:ln in the 1\lid-Continent
region of North America and from theUpper Carboniferous of :--!orth China.
and the latter is recorded from the
Sakmarian of the Urals. Donetz basin
UAKOWLEW's A. carboniferous in 1903)
of Russia. Carnic Alps of Italy andYent::~i coal field of i\lanchuria. Compared with these species, Acanthopecteu
onukii occurs in a higher horizon in thegeological column. Therefore. the writerconsiders that the increase of bodycostae and extinction of auricular costae
are related with the evolution of these
species.
The species is named after Dr. Yoshio
0:-.:t;KI. Professor of Geology, Facultyof Education, Tohoku Cni\'ersity. who
has been engaged in a study of the
Paleozoic System of the Ki takami .\lassi fof :vliyagi and Iwate Prefectures.
:\!a/erial:-The ne\\' species is basedon about a dozen specimens. all of which

Masaj1.oni MURATA

22G

p. 7S, pl. 12. tigs. 7a, b. 13-llY). NEWELL,

!Sb.
I

'

~ Icc II l ~---'v!3-------'..,.1-N ~----=--~
0.1

I

•fl

'-"
~;c

I~ i

u

>."'

I

'I

I

I

::"1

"'

O<!l
~)

"""' u
-

M

N

C'l

----

I

i

I

I

I

I

I

Remarl<s :-In the collection of theaviculopectinids from the Kanokura formation. there are two fragmental
specimens which are refercd to thisspecies with doubt. One of thespecimens is ide-ntified with one of
the two of Acan/hopec/en spinosus
described and figured by IIA YAS:\1\A09251. However. as already stated.
the external ornamentation serves
to distinguish it from the type ofil. spinosus.

I

+

-:'

I

I~

::

~

<:;

......

"'
~

.::::

;;

I

.-

•,

u 0.1

0.1

~

"' I -

0.....,""

g.~ E-- c E-- .,....,--

I~
~

0

~

N•~

~~ ~:~~;~!~I I~ I~

~
N

0

'f.

I

18- ;.::;----;---'-----:1"'c. I .,..c

-----

c

E

<.>

E

"'"'
;;;:

0)

~I
3
~

bt

'

'

I

+I
~

:"-1

:~

1

:

I :"1

:"'-l

I

.0

*

I

c

~

E

...J

...J

o£

00

0.1

u

0.1

00
,-:

lfJ

N

c.

""

~

0

I
I

~

"'
.~

.."'"'::"'G"''-";:,

lfJ

""-

'lJ

"'c.

0

2

4 mm.

Fig. 6. Antero-posterior protile ofthe shell surface near the \'entral
margin of Acanthopecten cf. coloradoensis (:'\E\\'IJERRY).

Locality a11d l!orizon :-lmo. '{ahagi-machi. Rikuzcn-takada City.
lwatc Prefecture. ilGPS. loc. nos .
It 013, 044) Kanokura formation.
.:VIiddle Permian.
Reposilorv :-IGPS, coli. caL. nos.
22408 and 8573-1.

---,--c---:-~

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~

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lo..

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~

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Genus Annuliconcha 1\E\\'ELL, 1937
Some of the ayiculopcctinids col·lected from the Kanokura formation
are identical with what HA YASAKA(l925l figured and described as
Pleuronecti/es inlerlineatus (!\lEEK
and WORTIIE:-;) from lm6. Yahagimachi. Rikuzen-takada City. lwate
Prefecture. However. a review ofthe generic name as well as the
species shows that it represents anundescribed species of Annuliconcha
and the details are given below.
!lviculopeclen
inler!ineatus
of

469.

Some Middle Permian At:iculopect·inidae from the Kila.kmm: Mw•sif

MEEK and WORTHEN. which l-IA YASAKA(192;:>) referred to Pleuroneclites, is the
genotype species of Annuliconcha which
was by NEWELL (1937). However. nei·
ther HAY AS AKA ·s Pleu ronectites interlineatus nor MANSuY's Streblopteria
magnini which IIAYASAKA considered tobe synonymous \Vith his P. inter/inealus
from the Kitakami Massif. are included
into the synonymy of Annuliconcha
interlineatus by NEWELL. This procedure of NEWELL (1937; shows that heconsidered those two species to be distinct from MEEK and WoRTHEN's inter·linea/us.
The recently obtained aviculopcctinids
are quite identical with Pleuronectites
interlineatus of I-IAYASAKA but not withthat of MEEK and WORTHE:'\, and they
could not be identified with any known
species. They are also different fromwhat MANSIJY (1913) reported as Streblopteria IIWJ!nini. For this reason thewriter proposes the new name of kifa·
kamiensis for what HA YASAKA figured
and described as P. interlineatus fromthe Kitakami .Massif. The holotype isdesignated as the original specimen
used by I-lA YASAKA and now preservedin the collection of the Insti tutc of Geology and Paleontology. Tohoku University (IGPS. coli. cat. no. 22389).
Amwliconcha kitakamiensis 1\llll~ATA.
n. sp.
Pl. 3-1. figs. 11. 12
1925. Pleuronecliles interlinea/us (MEEK and
WoRTHEN). HAYASAKA (non M"EI\ andWORTHEN, 1860). p. 12. pl. 8, figs. 9, 9a.

Description: - Orbicular. small-sizedshells. obliquity of present specimens
opisthocline. more or less deformed bycompression, with nearly equal auricles:

227

in left valve. anterior umbonal foldnarrow and angular. posterior one ob·
scure; anterior sulcus deep. narrow ando\·erhanging at inner boundary, posteriorsulcus broad and shallow : an imperfectvaiYe. which is presumed to right Yalve
by obliquity. has rather deep angular
but not: overhanging posterior sulcus.
Shell surface of both valves with tworanks of fila. coarse. widely spaced offirst order. separated by many fine close·
ly spaced ones of second order. First
coarse filum appears at shell height ofabout 1 mm .. and thereafter first orderfila join periodically at increasing inter·
Yals. In holotype specimen (IS:mm. high).
are 8 large fila. and 9 in paratype{18 mm. high). Table 4 shows shellheight where first order fila become
introduced and a number of those of
second order in between.
Fila of first order elevated sharply
with rounded summits, about 17 pro·tuberances along outer surface are ar·ranged regularly and extended ventrally
into sharp points where second orderfila are cut off. and inner surface wa\·ed
corresponding to protuberances of outersurface. Coarse 11la very pronounced onauricles without protuberances. but on a
fragmental anterior auricle of presumed
right valve strong radial costa extended~long sulcus.
The measurements of Annuliconcha
kitalwmiensis are ginn in Table 5.
Comparison and A;(finity :-.·lnnulicon·
cha llitalwmiensis ~IVRATA. n. sp .. re·sembles A. interlineatu8 (:\lEEK and
WoRTHE:\) described and figured by
NEWELL (1937) from the Upper Carboni·ferous Lasalle limestone. t\1 issouri sub·series. Lasalle. Illinois. HoweYer. thepresent new species can be distinguishedfrom the one described by :'-!EWELL, by
the regular development of strong andvery characteristic elevated protuber·Mwwfumi MUR,ITA

228

vanian) of many localities in North
America. The geological range of thegenus Annuliconcha according to NEWELL(1937) extends from about the middle
part of the ).lississippian up to the middle part of the Permian, which showsthat the japanese species is situated ina position near to the time of extinctionof the genus. It seems e...-ident that the
protuberances on the fila are related withthe evolution of the species, and may be
an indicator of the approximate age ofthe species. l'viA:\SUY's species is said
to be early Permian in age. and wasreported from the Lower Permian (Zoneof /'seudoschwagerilla) Nlapping limestone in China by GRABAU (1936) andfrom the Artinskian in the Caracorum
Range by RE:\Z (HRA!\SON. 1948j. Judging from the descriptions, remarks andillustrations of the species recorded bythose authors, it seems evident in t hesc
cases also that the development of theances along the outer surface of thecoarse fila on the shell of the right andleft valves. The other features, such as
size of shell and shape of the auricles
arc more or less the same as in An.
i nl erlineatu s.
.-111 nul iconcha magn in i
described and figured by I\1.-\:\SUY (1913)
as Streblopteria magnini from Ban Ho.
Indo-china is more or less related tothe present new species in having protuberances developed on the first orderfila only near the ventral margin. I-low·ever. .MA:\SUY's species is distinguish·
able from .-ln. kitakamiensis by ha...-ing
protuberances of the coarse fila only
near the ventral margin whereas in thepresent species they are developed evennear the umbonal area.
Remarks:- .-lnnuliconcha kitakamiensis
is known only from the Kanokura formation of l\liddle Permian in age in Japan.
whereas An. inler/ineatus is known only
from the Upper Carboniferous \PennsylTable -!.

Height of coarse Fila from Dorsal l\largin and Number of IntercalatedFine Fila of :ltwu/icol!clta .l!ilakamiensis ;\lLJRAT.4., n. sp.

Specimen~- 1st I 2nd I 3rd ~- -Hh I 5th I 6th-c~~se:--~----·-------

7th

I 8th

9th

I,

-

----

I

HeiJi:Rfaof
2.0, 3 I
3 8! 5.21 6! I 7.5
9.2112 211·1.8
22389L E• - - - - - - - - - - - - - - · · - - --~-- _ _ _ ._ _ ,_, ~umbeJ aof fine
_
_
I
'
4
1
1
6
7

1

1

---------

l!eig~fa of c~~~se -~3.

~----:--1-

21_''_·1_1 5. 7 ~~~~~ 12. 0 li'>. 6 18. 085735 R E
Number of fine
fila

Table 5.

;)

I

6

!

(j

I

8

9

7

10

Measurements of Annuliconcha kitakamiensis i.It'HATA. n. sp.

Lnglh

l!e igh t

Hinge
lengthmrn.

mm.

Specimen

22389

L

E·

,----

mm.

14.8

15.2

1-!.6

85735

R

E

18.0

19.2

Convexity I Urnbonal<Jngleidegrees
mm.
I

1.8

93

~. -l

90

Coar!>etil a
99-------·.

46.9.

Sot11e Middle Permian A·Piculopecti.nidac /rom the Kitalwmi .Hassi!

about 20 in number. Between each two
costae of tlrst rank is intercalated regularly a finer costa. which generally
assumes strength equal to that of firstone on approaching ventral margin ofshell. llowever. on anterior one thirdof shell finer costae still delicate evenonventralmargin.
because they
appear l:lter. Costae of left anteriorauricle rounded and fine. 9 or 10 innumber. A few faint costae occur acrossposterior auricle. Surface inclusive ofauricles covered with numerous concentric lines of growth. which become
irregularly spaced imbricating lamellae
toward the ventral and front margins.
Imbricating lamellae more pronounced
on the auricles. Small creel projections
occur at intersections of costae and imbricating lamellae.
The measurements of the holotype of
Sireblodwndria 1niyamoriensis are given
in Table fi.
Comflllrison and Affinity:-Of the described species of Slreblocholldria. S.
stantonen.'ii.o; and S. condrai. which were
described by ~E\\'ELL (1937! from theUpper Carboniferous of North America.
arc similar to S. miyamoriensis. How·ever, 1he present new species differsfrom both of );EWELL's species in intercalating delicate finer costae on theanterior one third of the shell. and by
the larger size of anterior auricle.
Remarks and Material :-Only externaland one fragmental internal molds of asingle left valve of this species werecollected. The extern:1l ornamentation

protuberances on the fila correspondswith the position in the geologicalcolumn.
Holotype :-IGPS. coli. cat. no. 22389
Paratype :-IGPS, coli. cat. no. 85735
Locality and Horizon :-The holotype
collected by HA YASAKA is from the
Kanokura formation. Imo, Yahagi-machi.
Rikuzen-takada City, lwate Prefecture([GPS. Joe. no. It 044). The paratype
was also collected from same horizon at
Toya-zawa. Kami-shishiori. Kesennuma
City. l\liyagi Prefecture (IGPS, loc no.
\li 116). Kanokura formation. l\liddle
Permian.
Subfamily Streblochondriinae
NEWELL, 1937
Genus Streblochondria NEWELL, 1937

Streblochondria miyamorie11sis
l\hJIUTA, n. sp.

PI. 35. figs. Ha. b

Description :-!vledium-sized oval shell.
slightly opisthocline. with broad anteriorauricle about twice as long as posterior
one, separated from shell body by nar·row rounded auricular sulci : anteriorumbonal fold slightly curved outward,
posterior one nearly straight and welldefined : umbonal angle about 90 degrees:
convexity ratio in left yalve 0.17. Right
valve unknown.
Surface of left Yalve with numerous
radial costae of different strengths.
which may be classified into two or threeranks. First order costae rounded andTable 6.

Measurements of Streblocl!o11dria miyamoriensis

mm.

mm.

Hinge
length
mm.

33. 7

41.2

21. 0

LengthHeight~-Con· I :\Iaxirnurn
vexityumbonalar.glcmm.

:Vlt;R,\TA. n.

sp.

Urnbonal : Auricular costae
Body
angle
at beak
An tenor Posterior I costae

----

-

7. 1

229

95

87

10

~

~7

Masa.fumi MURATA

2:~0

Explanation of Plate 34
Figs.

1. 2.
Ia, b.
2a. b.

Figs.

3-9.
3. 5.

4a. b.

6a, b.

7.

Sa. b.

9.

Figs. lOa-d.
lOa, b.
lOc.
lOd.
Figs. 11-12.
lla.

I lb.
Ilc.
12a.

12b.

!lvicu/ofJeclell sasallii l'vluRATA. n. sp.
External and internal molds of right vnlYe. holotype. IGPS. coli. cat. no. 85730.
x2.
External mold and gumtype of left vahe. paratype. IGPS. coli. cat. no. 85731. x2.
Loc. Shigeji.zawa. Kamiyasse, Kesennuma City, J\liyagi Prefecture.
Kanokura formation. l\Iiddle Permian.
At'l.wlopecten ha,rasakai Mt:RATA. n. sp.
Internal molds of left and right yalves. somewhat obliquely compressed. HAY.-\·s,\KA's original specimens (H:\YASAKA 192~. pl. 1. figs. 5, 6). IGPS. coli. cat. nos.
22·121. 85736, X 1.
Loc. Imo. Yahagi-machi, Rikuzen·takada City. Iwate Prefecture.
Internal molds of left and right valves of same indi\·idual, holotype. IGPS. coli.
cat. no. 85737. x 1.
Loc. Toya-zawa. Kamishishiori. Kesennuma City. Miyagi Prefecture.
External mold and gumtype of a typical left Yalve. paratype. IGPS. coli. cat. no.
857·11. x2.
Loc. Same as fig. 4.
Enlarged external mold of left val\·e. showing characteristic sculpture of main
ribs. paralype. IGPS. coli. cat. no. 85739. x3.
Loc. Same as fig. 1.
External mold and gumtype of a typical right val\·e. paralypc. JGPS, coli. cat.
no. 85738. x Ui.
Loc. Same as fig. 1.
Internal mold of right valve. IGPS. coli. cat. no. 61423, X l.
Loc. Kanokura-zawa. Sumita-cho. Kesen-gun, lwate Prefecture.
Kanokura formation, ~Iiddle Permian.
At•iculopecten /wtaii J'Vh;RAT.'<, n. sp.
External mold and gumtype of left \'al\'e. holotype. IGPS, coli. cat. no. 85732.
xi.
Internal mold of holotype. X I.
Enlarged view of bolo type to show details of radial ribs, X 5.
Loc. Same locality as fig 4. Kanokura formation, l'vliddle Permian.
Armulico11clza kitakamiensis MuR.\TA. n. sp.
External mold of a slightly imperfect righr Yalve. paratype. IGPS, coiL cat. no.
85735. xL
Loc. Same as fig. 4.
Enlarged ,·iew of fig. lla, X 2.5.
Gum type of fig. lla, x 2.5.
A well preserved external mold of left \·a lYe, HA YASAIC\'s original specimen(IL\YASAKA 1925. pL 1. figs. 9. 9a). holotype. IGPS, coiL cal. no. 22389. xI.
Loc. Same as lig. 3.
Enlarged \'iew of fig. 12a to show detail of fila, x 3.
Kanokura formation. Middle Permian.

MURATA:

Middle Permian Aviculopectinidae

Plate 34

4a.fJ.

Some Middle l'e1·nl'ian Aviculopectinidae fmm the Kitalwmi Massifof this species is so distinct th::tt there
should be no difficulty in recognizing it.
llolotype :-IGPS, coli. cat. no. 85733
Occu rre1u·e :-The tuffaceous fine sand·stone of the Hiryuyama formation, atthe southeastern slope of Hiryu-yama,l\liyamori-mura, K::tmihei-gun,
Iwate
Prefecture (IGPS, Joe. no. It 041).
Hiryuyam::t formation, \Iiddle Permian.
References
BRA:"S0:-1, C. C. (19·18) : Bibliographic Index
of Permian Invertebrates. Geol. Soc. Am.,
,1/em. 26, pp. 1-10·!7.
CHAO. Y. T. (1927) : Fauna of the Taiyuan
Formation of North China. Palaeontologia Sirrica, Ser. B, z•ol. 9, fascicle 3. pp.
1-50, pis. ) .. (.
DJEO:F.R, C. (1897) : The Permian Fossils of
the Produc/us Shales of Kumaon andGarhwal. Palaeontologia Indica, Ser. 15.
1·o!. I. part 4, pp. 1-S'l, pis. 1-'1.
Dc:-.~n,\R. C. 0 .. el a!. (1960): Correlation of
the Permian Formations of North America. JJu/f. (;eo!. Sot:. America, z•o/. 71, no.
12. pp. 171i3-180G.
EJCJIWARD. E. von (1860): Lcthaea Rossica,ou Pali~onlologie de Ia Russie. Stuttgart.
z·ol. 1, pp. 1-1657.
ETIIERIDGE, R. Jr. and Du:-;, \V. S. (1906):
A J'v[onograph of the Carboniferous andPermo-Carboniferous
Invenebrates of
New South Wales, t•o/. 2. part 1. thePalaeopectens. New South TVales Ceo/.
Sun•ey. Jfem .. no. 5, pp. 1-39. pis. 1-16.
GERTH. H. (1950) : Die Ammonoiden desPerms von Timor und ihre Bedeutung
fiir die stratigraphische Gliederung derPerm-formation. JVeues jahrb .. Ablz .. 91.
:lbt. H. pp. 233-320.
GJRTY. G. II. (1910): The Fauna of the
Phosphate Beds of the Park City Forma·tion in Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah.
U.S. G. S .. /Ju/l., 436, pp. 1-61, pis. 1-7.
GRABAU, A. W. (1936): Early Permian Fos·
sils of China II: Fauna of the Maping
Limestone of Kwangsi and Kweichow.
Pa!aeonlotogia Siniw, Ser. B. z•ot. 8,~:nfascicle 4. pp. 1 320, pis. ] .. 3).
HANZAWA, S. and MURAT:\, M. (1963) : The
Paleontologic and Stratigraphic Considerations on the Neoschwagerininae andVerbeekininae. with the Descriptions ofSome Fusulinid Foraminifera from the
Kitakami Massif. japan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku
Univ .. 2nd Ser. (Ceo/.). z•ol. 35, no. 1,
pp. 1-31, pis. 1-20.
HA YASAK.\, I. (1925) : On Some Paleozoic~Iolluscs of japan. I. Lamellibranchiata
and Scaphopoda. Ibid., vol. 8, no. 2, pp.
1-26, pis. l, 2.
- - (1940) : On Two Permian Ammonoids
from the Kitakami Mountains, North
japan. jour. Ceo{. Soc. japan. Pol. 47.
no. 565. pp. 422-·127.
- - (1953) : Younger Paleozoic Cephalopods
from the Kitakami Mountains, japan.
jour. Fac. Sci., 1/okkaido Unit• .. Ser. 4.
t•o/. 8. no. 4, pp. 361-37-1, pis. 22. 23.
- - (1955) : On the Permian Cephalopods
from Japan (in japanese). "C!tigaku
Kenkyz1 ", 1•ol. 8. no. 3, pp. il-76.
- - (1957) : Two Permian Nautiloids from
Takakura-yama near Yotsukura-rnachi,
Fukushima Prefecture (Abukuma Plateau
Region), Ja1>an. Sci. Rep., l'okolwma
National Uniz• .. Sec. II. no. ti, pp. 21-:~o.
pis. 8, 9.
- - (1960) : A .'liew Permian Species of
Foordiceras from the Kitakami Mountains. National Science Museum (Tokyo),
Bull .. vol. 5, rw. 2, no. ·1'7. pp. 8i-94. pis.
11. 12.
- - (1962) : Two Species of Tainoceras
from the Permian of the Kitakami
Mountains. Ibid., vol. 6, no. 2. pp. 1371-13. pis. 11. 12.
- - (1963) : Some Permian Fossils fromSouthern Kitakami. III Ammonoidea.
Proc .. japan Academy, I'OI . .19, no. 8, pp.
59-l-599
HAYASHI. ]. (1937) : Geology of the En·
virons of Yotsukura-rnachi and Hisano·hama-machi and of Lhe Aria in their West(in Japanese). (MS.) Graduation thesis.
Inst. Geol. Pal.. Toltoku Uniz· .. Sendai.
H1:-.;D, vV. (1901-1905): Monograph of the
British Carboniferous Lamellihranchiata,

Ma.•wfnmi .i.llUR!lTA

Explanation of Plate 35
1-7. Acanlhopecten onukii Mui~ATA. n. sp.
la. b. External mold and gumtype of typical left va!Ye. holotype. IGPS, coil. cat. no.
85745, X 1.5.
Loc. Shigeji-zawa. Kamiyasse. Kesennuma City. Miyagi Prefecture.
2a, b. External mold and gumtype of a fragmental specimen of left vah·e. paratypc.
IGPS, coil. cat. no. 85756, x 1.
Loc. Imo. Yahagi-machi. Rikuzen-takada City. Iwate Prefecture.
Sa. b. Internal and external molds of left valve, somewhat obliquely compressed. IGPS,
coil. cat. no. 85749. X 1.
Loc. Hosoo-zawa. Kamiyassc. Kesennuma City. l\·Iiyagi Prefecture.
3a. 4a. h. 7a. 9a, b. External molds and gumtypcs of fragmentary left valves. showing
angular interspaces between the main ribs.
IGPS. coil. cat. no. 85761. xI.
3.
Loc. Same as fig. 1.
IGPS. coli. cat. no. 85759. X IS
ol.
Loc. Same as lig. 5.
IGPS. coli. cat. nos. 85760. 85758, x 1.5.
7. 9.
Loc. Same as lig. 1.
3b. 7b. Enlarged view of figs. 3a and 7a to show details of angular interspaces between
the main ribs. x5.
Internal molds of strongly deformed lclt valve;;. !(;PS. coli. cat. nos. Ki7•17,
6, ll.
8575•1. X 1.
Loc. Kanayama-zawa. Imo, Yahagi-machi. Rikuzen-takada City. lwate Prefecture .
Figs. lOa, b. .4.cantlzopecl en spinosus IL<\ Y ASAK~\
External mold of left val vc. IL\ Y.\5.\KA's original specimen (I lA YASAKA 1925,
lOa.
pl. 1. fig. 6), holotype IGPS, coli. cat. no. 22388. x L
Gumtype of holotype, xI.
lOb.
Loc. Same as fig. 2.
Kanokura formation, Middle Permian.
Figs. 11-13. tlcanthopecten cf. coloradoensis (:.rEwliEilRY)
lla, b. External mold and gumtypc of an imperfect left valve. 1-IAYASAIC\'s original
specimen (HAYASAKA 19~5. pl. l. lig. 7). IGPS. colt. cat. no. 22408. xI.
Loc. Same as fig. 2.
Internal mold of fig. 11.
12.
l3a, b. External mold and gumtype of a fragmentary left valve. IGPS. coli. cat. no.
8573,1. X 1.5.
Loc. Sa me as lig. G.
Kanokura formation, Middle Permian.
Figs. Ha. b. Streblochondria m(vamoriensis :ML'R.-\T,\. n. sp.
14a.
External mold of left valve. holotype. IGPS, coil. cat. no. 85733. x l.
Loc. Hiryu-yama. Miyamori-mura. Kamihei-gun. lwa1e Prefecture.
Hb.
Gumtype of holotype.
Hiryuyama formation, 1\liddle Permian.
Figs.

MURATA:

Middle Permian Aviculopectinidae

Plate 35

469.

Some illiddlr, Pennian .·tciculo}Jectinidae fmm the 1\i.takami Ma.~::;ifvol. 2.
Monographs oj /he l'aleonlo·graphical Soc. London. 222 pp.
]MWWLEW, N. (1903):
Die Fauna der Obe·ren Abthcilung der Palaeozoischen Abla·
gerungen im Donez-Bassin. J\Iem. du Com.
Ceo/ .. rrero ser.. lit ..J. pp. l-44. pis. 1. 2.
KEYSERLINc;, A. von (1846) : Geognostische
Beobachtungen. Wissenschaftliche Beo·bachtrwge11 auf einer Reise 111 das
Petscltora·f,and. St. Petersburg.
LICIIAREW. B. K. (1927) : The Upper Carboni·ferous Pelecypoda of Ural and Timan.
Mem. du Com. Ceo/., rreu· ser.,liv. 161. pp.
1-126. pis. 1-6.
ivlABI;TI, S. (1935) : On the Occurrence ofStacheoceras in the Kitakami J\Iountain·
land. Northeast Honshu, Japan.
Saito
Ho-on 1\ai, Serrdai. Museum, Research Buff ..
Ceo!.. tNJ/. G. pp. 143-149.
M.\;o.;suY. II. (1913): Faunes des Calcaires i1
Produclus de l'lndochincs. 11Iem. Sen•.
Ceo/. /ndochine, NJl. 2, fasciwle ·f. pp. l13:3. pi~. l-13.
M'CoY. F. (18H) : A Synopsis of the Chara·cters of the Carboniferous Limestone
Fossils of Ireland. Dublin.

Budi>·zawa
Haritsuke Pass
Iliryu.yama
Hosoo-zawa
lmtJ
IwaizakiKarnihei-gun
Kamishishiori
Kamiyasse
Kanok u ra-za wa
Kesen·gun
Miyamori-mura

7 F-i~

ill¥
Ia!
7ft H~ Ill~~~ 1'5 iR.

tv.

~!it :U' iF.'f
J:!¥·JfJf'llli.1: !lli. 1fr...t 1\ ;ti~ f.~ iR!~i i!J-;'/:T; ·:f H

'-'

><\

2:1:~

- - (1851) : Annals and Mag. Nat. History,
2nd ser .. t•ol. 7. p. 171.
- - (185S): British Pafeoz:oic Fossils.
NAKAZAWc\. K. (1960): Two Permian :\auti·
loids from japan. jap. ]ottr. Geol. Geogr.,rol. 31. nos. 2-4. pp. 121-127. pl. 10.
X EWELL, N.D. (1937) : Late Paleozoic Pelecypods: Pcctinacea. 1\ansas. Slate Ceo/.
Sun·., rol. 10. pp. 10-123. pis. l-20.
OZAWA. Y. (1927) : Some Carboniferous Fossils Collected in 1\lanchuria and Korea.
]ap. ]our. Ceo/. Ceogr .. t·o/. 5. pp. 77-93,
pl. 7.
PHJLI.IPS. ]. (1836) :Illustrations of theGeology of Yorkshire: Part II the Mount·
ain Limestone District. London.
STCCKE:XBERG. A. (1898) : Allgemeine geologische Karte von Russland. Blatt 127.
.Hem. du Com. Ceo/ .. rot. 16. no. 1. pp. 1362. pis. 1. 2.
UEDA. F. (1963) : The Geological Structureof the Permian and Triassic System in
the Toyoma and Maiya Districts. Southern
Kitakami Massif. Northeast Japan (inJapanese).
Toyo Unit• .. jour .. General
Education. no. 4. pp. 1-78.

Mono-gun
Obama
Ogachi-ch6
Shigeji-zawa
Sumita-cho
TagaraTakakura-yama
Tenjinnoki
Tome-gunToya-zawa
Towa·choYahagi-machi

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Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, X S., ~o. 5•1, pp. 23-l-238. june 30. 1964-!70.

ON THE OCCURRENCE OF G02'.r!ATITES (S. S.) FROM
THE HIDA :MASSIF. CENTRAL JAPAN*
lllSAYOSHl lGO

Institute of Geology and 1\Iineralogy, Tokyo University of Educationand the Mejiro Gakuen Women's Junior College

iff£.1\l!Jil400•!1~7 :/·c-J-1 r
JMl!FJ:$0)*~!111\'1 J: I)

Goniatites (s.s.): ii&:J;tJJ,I;f'fil£ii1\*llllif'.I'E:i:.~J!-t7.>~lnVIl
Gonialiles sp. 'it' J!ll:H. J.:o .:. O)*)E'Ilil:t G. slriatus I:.jli*f;-c?.

*~ m;?.. ~ml~OJ-$:1 Visean i:.ffi~-t0-•1fh~t'£~~l:f.:"--------

Introduction
As already summarized by KOHA YASIII-(1958) and NAKAZA \VA (1960), Paleozoic
cephalopods are exceedingly rare injapan and about 20 species have been
described. During my field survey of
the !Iongo area. 1\amitakara Village.
Yoshiki County, Gifu Prefecture. a poorly
preserved ammonoid was found from the
Arakigawa Group (text-fig. l,i. It is a
fragmentary conch which was more orless deformed during fossilization. For·
tunately. its suture line. both external
and internal. and surface ornamentation
are preserved enough to discriminate its
generic posnwn. Although it is not an
excellently preserved specimen, it is\VOrthwhile to record its occurrence. because it is the only reliable fossil toindicate the geologic age of the Araki·
gawa Group and moreover. is the firstrecord of the occurrence of Goniatites(s. s.) in Japan.
Acknowledgements :-1
th:lllkDrs.
113ruyoshi FUJIMOTO and Wataru llASHI·• l~eceived July 29. 1963: read at the :\Ieeting of the Palaeontological Society of japan
held at Fukuoka, :\lay 23. 1959.

136"

KAMIOKAb~H~ONGO....---...

r

SANNOSETA~AYAMA

Text·lig. 1.

o,___J..i,.o_...::2:.:;o KM

Map showing fossil locality.

MOTo of the Tokyo University of Education and Kotora IIATAI of the Tohoku
University for their suggestions andreading of the m:.llluscript. I am alsoindebted to Dr. Taclao KAl\IEI of theShinshu University for his collaborationin the field. Part of the expenses ofthis study was defrayed from the Post
Doctoral Fellowship of the Japan Society
for the Promotion of Sciences.

470.

On tlze Uccnrrence of Gonia.t.ite.~ (s. s.)

Stratigraphic Summary
The stratigraphy of this area has been
worked out by KAJ\!EI (1954). ISOi\11 andNOZAWA (1957) and lc;o (1957).
I subdivided the Paleozoic rocks distributedin this area into the following lithologic
units in descending order.
Permian
Mo ·b G.10 u
jKurabashira Formationn u 'PSannose Formation----Unconformity?----Carboniferous. G 1.0 lllongo Formation
A ra k 1. ga\HI' up Kunimiyama Formar.ion
1

The Arakigawa Group is typically
distributed along the Arakigawa Riverand can be subdivided into the lower or
Kunimiyama and the upper or Ilongo
Formations. The lower limit of the
Kunimiyama Formation is uncertain and
it is rather narrowly distributed and in
fault contact with the Tertiary volcanic
rocks. It consists of clayslate, purplish
and pale green tuff intercalated withcrystalline limestone lenses. Its thick·ness attains approximately 800 meters.
Fossils are very rare. but crinoid stems
and poorly preserved Fenestella-likebryozoans are found.
The next younger llongo Formationconsists chiefty of dark green pyroclastic
rocks comprising diabasic tuff. agglomerate and lava. Recrystallized limes1·one lenst'S arc frequently intercalated
in several horizons.
This formation
attains more than 1.000 meters in thickness. Owing to the complicated geologic
structure and lack of any reliable key
bed. the stratigraphy of this formationis still obscure. however, there can berecognized three fossi I horizons. The
lowest fossil horizon is found in thesouth of !Iongo and is the most fossiliferous one. The fossils are embedded
in both dark green diabasic tuff includ·ing granule-size pebbles of volcanic rocks-~

and dark gray crystalline limestone lens.
The limestone lens has yielded huge-size
solitary corals of which internal characters are almost destroyed by recrystallization. The general feature. size andarrangement of the septa of this coralshows resemblance with Kueichouphyllum
or l/eterocaninia. I discriminated thefollowing fossils from a dark green tuff
situated immediately below the men·tioned coral limestone. namely :-Lino·
product us? sp., Spirijer? sp., Schizo phoria? sp., Loxonema? sp., Feneslella? sp.,
Gonialltes (s. s.) sp., "PhillijJsia ·· sp. andEchinoidea and Blastoidea gen. et sp.
indet. They are much deformed andtheir generic discrimination rendered
impossible except for the specimen of
Goniatites.
The crystalline limestone lenses oc·
cupying approximately the middle partof the Hongo Formation crop out in boththe Bongo and Sannose areas and haveyielded Koninclwphy!lum? sp., Lilhos/rotion (Siphonodendron) sp., and Diphyphyllum sp. These corals are consider·ably deformed by thermal as well as
dynamic metamorphism and their detailinternal structures are obscure.
The highest limestone crops out at thequarry of :\latumoto north of Takayama
City. According to SHIBATA (personalcommunication) Fusulinella sp. was oncecollected from this limestone. This lime·stone is also recrystallized and I could
not find any fossil reliable for age de·termination or systematic taxonomy.
As mentioned above. owing to thepoor fossil record the geologic age of
the Arakigawa Group has not been
settled. however. the lower part of the
Hongo Formation is apparently cquival·
ent to the Upper Visean of Europe andits upper part ranges up to the ivliddle
Carboniferous Fusulinella Zone with somereservation.

Hisayoshi leo
Palaeontological Note

It is well known that ammonoids arc
most useful fossils for stratigraphic
zonation and for correlation interregional
as well as intercontinental. The Upper
Dinantian distributed in Germany. Belgium and northern England consists
mainly of dark shale and siliceous limestone and has been called .. Culm facies··
or Kohlenk3lk. The deposits of thisfacies have yielded abundant ammonoids
and pelecypods. particularly" Posidonia",
but are almost barren in corals andbrachiopods such as used to zone the
A von ian succession in southwestern
England. Successful ammonoid zonationand correlation in the so-called Culm
facies were demonstrated by 13tSA T (1924etc) in England SctnllDT (1925. 1928) in
Germany and DELEPINE (1928 etc) in
Belgium.
According to them Gonialiles (s s.) is
one of the most widespread and abundant fossils of the Carboniferous ammo·
noid genera. but it is restricted strati·
graphically and is characteristic in the
Beyridwceras Zone and the Posidrmia
Zone. ScHJ\IIDT's III Zone or Goniatile8
Zone is equivalent to both the Beyridwr:eras and Posidonia Zones. Goniatites
antiqua/us, G. hudsoni, G. inrolutus. G.
tcedberensis, and G. maximus are im·portant representatives in the Goniatites
Zone (Ill a) or the Beyrid10ceras Zone.
The next younger III i3 or lower l'osi·
dania Zone is characterized by the fre·quent yield of <;oniatites crenistria. G.
stria/us and G. fa/calus.
Goniatiles
coronula, G. subcircularis and G. ITesi·
stria/us are from the III r or Upper
Posidonia Zone.
As will be described below Gonialilrs
sp. from the 1-longo Formntion is moreclosely related with Goniatites stria/us
and (;. sphaericus than to any otherdescribed species. Therefore, Goniatitesbearing fossil bed in the lower part of
the I-Iongo Formation apparently corresponds with the Upper Visean Posi·
dania Zone or SCJP.IWT's !11 13 Zone inwestern Europe.
Description of Fossil

Genus Goniatites DE IIAC'\C\, 1826
Goniatites sp. indet.
Text-figs. 2-'1.

Surface covered with fine continuous
longitudinal lirae, numbering about
seven within three millimeters space.
Prominent constrictions present, slightly
sinus. shallow and about one millimeter
wide.
External suture line forms rather
broad ventral lobe indented to about
one-half its length by a narrow trapezoidal dentated ventral saddle; extensionof \·entral lobe sharply pointed; firstlateral saddle not as wide as ventral
lobe and with subangular crest; firstlateral lobe narrow. V·shaped with con·\·ex sides and pointed : second lateralsaddle an asymmetrically rounded anddorso-lateral lobe sharply pointed V·
shape with slightly concaYc sides andcontinue to umbilical scam.
Remarlls :-Specific subdivisionofGoniatites (s. s.) arc for the most partbased on the di fferenccs in surface orna·
mentation. The present material stands
verr close to Goniatites striatus (SOWER·
BY) in surface ornamentation and suture
linl'. and it is thought. to be quite conspecific. however, owing to the poor
prcsen·ation its naming is resen·ed until
better materials are found. The present
Goniatites sp. differs from G. stria/us
described from Europe in the narrow
ventral saddle, narrow and sharply

470.

On the Occurrence of Goniatites (.<~. s.)

3
Text-figs. 2. 3. Goniatites sp. indct.
2. Internal mold of conch. x2: 3. external mold of conch showing
striatus-type surface ornamentation. x3.

X 2.5

Text.fig. 4.

Suture line of Goniatites sp. indet .. x2.5.

pointed first lateral saddle and broad
first lateral lobe of the former species.
The present specimen is also related toG. sphaericus (i\IARTI!\) in surface ornamentation and suture line. but G. splwe·ric us has the ventral lobe slight! r lower
than G. sp. There is a high possibilityof the secondary lateral compression of
the suture line in this specimen. thus the
direct comparison of the suture lines ofthem is difficult. The American species
G. l~enlukiensis lVIILLER and G. choctatcensis SHU\!ARD are also similar to thepresent material.
Occurrence :-Along the small creek
south of !-Iongo Temple. !-Iongo. Kami·
takara Village. Yoshiki County. Gifu
Prefecture (approximately 36''16"40" N.
Lat., 137"21 '-10" E. Long.).
Repository :-Collection of the Instituteof Geology and 1\lineralogy. Tokyo
University of Education. Reg. no. 21730.

References
W. S.. (192•1) : The Carboniferous
goniatites of the north of England andtheir zones: Yorkshire Ceo/. Soc. Proc ..
1\'. S .. t'. 20. p. ·10-124. pis. 1-10.
- - . (1928): The Carboniferous goniatite:;zones of England and their continental
equivalent: Gong. strat. carbonifere. liea/en, 1921. ComjJ/1! rendu. p. 117-133. pis.
6. 6a.
- - . (193-l) : The goniatites of the Beyri·c!Joceras Zone in the north of England:
Yorkshire Ceo/. Soc. Proc. X. S. v. 22. p.
280-309. pls. 24-27.
- - . (1952) : The goniatite succession at
Cowdale Clouth. Barnoldswick. Yorkshire:
Leeds Ceo/. .-lssoc .. Trans .. z·. 6. p. 155-181.
pls. 1-3.
CuRRIE. E .. (1954) : Scottish Carboniferous
goniatites: Roy. Soc. Edinburgh. Trans .. ''·62. p . .'527-602. pis. 1-4.
DELEl'li"E, G .. (1928) : Les faunes du Dinantien de !'Europe occsidentale: Cong. strat.
BJsAT.

Hisayoshi leo

2:38

carbonifere, 1/eerlen. 1927, Compte rendu.
p. 223-:!33.
- - . (1930) : Les zones a goniatites duCarbonifere:
Soc. Ceo/. France. Livre
fubi/aire (1830-1930), tome 1, p. 213-233.
- - . (19·10) : Les goniatites du Dinantien deles Belgique: Mus. Roy. His!. Nat. Be/g.,Mem., 91, p. 1-91. pis· 1-5.
FooRD. A. I-I., (1897-1903) : Monograph of the
Carboniferous Cephalopoda of Ireland:
Pal. Soc., p. 1.. 231, pis. 1-29.
- - . and CJlJCI<;, G. C.. (1897): Catalogue ofthe fossil Cephalopoda in the British
Museum (Nat. Hist.) : pt. 3, p. 13-303.
(Ammonoidea), text-figs. 1- I 15, [,ondon.
!Go. I-I., (1957) : Geology of the eastern Ilida
Massif: Unpublislzed J\Jasler of Science
Thesis of Tokyo UniPersity of Education.
Iso:-.11, H. and 1\oz,\WA, T .. (Hl57): Explanatory text of the geological map ofJapan. scale 1:50.000 "Funatzu ": Ceo/.
Sun•. japan, p. l--!3.
KoHAYASIII. T .. (1958): A Gotlandian nauti·
loid from Hida plateau in Japan: Pal.
Soc. japan. Trans. P1·oc., N. S., 1111. 31. p.
2-18--252. pl. 37.
?.ltLLER, A. K. and FuR;-;tsH, W. ll., (19-!0):Studies of Carboniferous ammonoids. pts.
1-4: jour. Pa/eont. v. 14. p. 356 377, pis.
45-49.
- - . - - , and Sclll;-;uEWOLF, 0. H., (195-) :Paleozoic Ammonoidea: in ::\IoollE's Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. L,~·Iollusca ·1. Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea:
Geol. Soc. America and Uniz•. Kansas Press,

Arakigawa
Kamitakara
Kunimiyama
KurabashiraBongo)it.\itJII,.,.1: r~FJ<!J.!.ili
jJ,-1{

fl:

*

l!~

p. L11-L79.
NAJ(AZAWA. K., (1960): Two Permian nauti·
loids from Japan: Jap. Jour. Geot. Geogr.,v. 31, p. 121-127, pl. 10.
PJJJLLJPS, ]., (1836) : Illustrations of thegeology of Yorkshire, or a description of
Lhe strata and organic remains: Pt. 2.
The Mountain Limestone District: p. 1253, pis. 1-25, London.
PLUMMEJl, F. B. and ScoTT, G .. (1937) : Cpper
Paleozoic ammonoides in Texas: Thegeology of Texas, v. Ill, pt. 1. Texas Uniz•.
Bull., 3701, p. 1-516, pis. 1-41.
ScmHDT, H.. (1925) :Die carbonischen
GoniaLiten Deutschlands: ]allrbuclt. preuss.
Geol. lAIIulesant, ''· 45, p. 489-609, pis. 19~6.

- - , (1928): Biostratigraphie des Karbon in
Deutschland:Congr. stral. carb0111/ere.
!-leer/en. 1927. Compte rendu, p. 663-672,
pl. 16.
SELLER, D. H. A. and FuR~JSII, W. H.. (1960):
i\Iississippian ammonoids from north·western Canada: jour. Pa/eont. z• . •1·1,
p. 112·1 .. )128, pl. 1-11.
S~IJTII, J.P., (190:~):
The Carboniferous
ammonoid of America: U.S. Geot. Sun• .
.\Jon., 4 2. p. 1-211, pis. 1-29.
WEDEKI:->D, R.. (1918) : Die Genera derPalaeoammonoidea (Goniatiten) :Palaeonlogr., Bd. 62, p. 85-184, pis. 14-22.
YIN. T. II .. (1935): Upper Palaeozoic ammonoids of China: Pal. Sinica, ser. B. 1'. 11.
fasc. 4. p. 1-52. pis. 1-S.

:\·latumotoMoribuTakayama
Yoshiki County

~

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iflj

*illi

].lj

·;'j~HII

23!l

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPANa *t~J!L~~~m s1 @lf9lJ~:to .t 0-: ~-tfr~ttHa >FQ)fl{iljt.iti!fllU ;.:--:>~ ·"CQ)'/ :.-' :f:; '7 .t.li 1964 ~ 6

JJ 7 s <H) Jll:fi"fl*:'£:.fll!"f:b11tll!'C!~J:¥x~o.:M ·-r m~
11li ~.ttt.: (~tm:lPO 1'iL
Preliminary Notes on Radiolarian Fossils
from the Yunagaya Group in Joban
District ................ Kojir6 !\AKAsEKo
On Radiolaria from Sediments in the Sea
near Antarctica ........ K6jir6 K·\KASF.KO
Larger Foraminifera from a Guyot in the
Eastern Indian Ocean.. . .Hiroshi l:JJJE
Some Solitary Corals from off Aomori Prefecture. Japan (ftM() .......... Kei l\IoHI
Middle Permian Ostracodes from the Iwaizaki Limestone, 1\ortheast Japan ..... .
............. Kunihiro lsHIZAI\ 1Some 1\lolluscan Fossils from the Tertiary
Muro Group in the Kii Peninsula. Japan

I

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(tl:;~...........
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...................... Yasumochi MATOBAA Rudistid from the Cretaceous Deposits
of Ryoseki. Kochi Prefecture. Shikoku(ft~) ........................ Seiji SAITO
Palynological Swdy on the AlluYial Deposits from Imizu Plain. Toyama Pre·
fecture ........................ );orio Ft'JJ
The Miocene l\oroshi Flora of ::\oto, japan
Shiro lsiiiD.~'/ ;./ :r.:;?.:... r~~tt1~-~I"·Q)i\ii~tll!fi.JU

trrtH:=:*C ............................ 1:1·at&ftll
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. . ;Jtt.JI1Yl~ll240

PALAEOXTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAP.-\N SPECIAL PAPERS (\LIMBER II)~l:.fiJrrU.:.

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