The Economic Impact of International
Students in Hawaii – Calendar Year 2022

December 2023
Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism
Research and Economic Analysis Division

TABLE OF CONTENTSI.

INTRODUCTION

1

II.
2022 HAWAII INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION SURVEY–ECONOMIC IMPACTANALYSIS
2
Data Collection and Sources2

Methodology

2

Direct Economic Impact

3

Total Economic Impacts

4

III.

6

RESULTS OF THE 2022 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION SURVEY

Data Comparisons

6

Spending Per Student

6

Financial Aid and Net Spending Per Student

8Countries of Origin for Hawaii’s International Students

10

IV.

11

CONCLUSIONSAPPENDIX I: 2022 Hawaii International Education Survey

12

APPENDIX II: List of the Educational Institutions Surveyed

26

APPENDIX III: Total Economic Impact of International Students within the Universityof Hawaii System on the State’s Economy

29

This report was produced by the Research and Economic Analysis Division (READ) of the
Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism (DBEDT) in collaboration with the
Study Educational Hawaii Consortium. This report was authored by Joseph Roos, Ph.D. under the
direction of the Economic Research Administrator Eugene Tian, Ph.D. Edits by Laura Viso, Senior
Economist and Karl Ekroth, Economist.

i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The 2023 Hawaii International Education Survey (IES) collected data for the calendar
year of 2022 regarding the number of international students, the program length,
expenditure amounts, and the estimated contribution to the state’s economy. This year’s
results show a significant increase over the previous year for both student numbers andstudent expenditures. The report also examined the countries of origin for international
students and their relative rankings for student numbers. The top three countries wereJapan (24.8 percent), South Korea (9.1 percent), and Switzerland (8.3 percent). This
report is an update of previous reports published in various years between 2009 and 2023.
This year 44 institutions responded, with 9 indicating that they did not have any international
students for calendar year 2022. The total number of students reported by the respondents was
7,682 students, with long-term programs at 3,666 students and short-term programs at 4,016
students. In 2022, long-term students recovered to pre-pandemic levels, slightly exceeding the2019 student number. On the other hand, short-term programs such as English language study,
continue to recover with only 40 percent of the 2019 student number.
For calendar year 2022, the direct spending of international students in the State of Hawaii wasan estimated $189.4 million. This amount included tuition and fees plus living expenses. Basedon this direct impact, the total economic impacts of international student expenditures forcalendar year 2022 were as follows:••••$373.2 million in economic output generated, including direct, indirect, and induced
effects.
$26.3 million in state taxes generated.
$162.9 million in household income generated.
4,792 jobs supported by international student spending.

The average 2022 total spending per student was $36,818 for long-term students and $13,558
for short-term students, including living expenses and tuition with fees.
Hawaii’s educational institutions hosted a diverse group of students from all over the globe.
Japan remains the top country of origin for Hawaii’s international students comprising 24.8
percent of the total. Japan was followed by South Korea with 9.1 percent, Switzerland with 8.3
China (including Hong Kong and Macao) with 7.3 percent, and the Philippines and Germany
each with 5.3 percent.
It is important to note that the economic impact estimates do not include contributions fromeducational travel to Hawaii from foreign-based educational institutions that are not officiallyregistered at a Hawaii based educational institution. For example, school excursions and othertypes of education-related travel from foreign countries.

ii

I.

INTRODUCTION

This report is based on the annual Hawaii International Education Survey (IES), which is acollaboration between the Study Hawaii Educational Consortium and the State of Hawaii’s Department
of Business, Economic Development, & Tourism (DBEDT). The survey provides an annual benchmark
to estimate the economic impact and number of international students studying in Hawaii and is sent toschools in Hawaii that host international students. This year’s report covers the calendar year of 2022,
which includes the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
As with previous surveys, the current 2023 IES was conducted online and requested Hawaii’s
educational institutions to provide the following data:
•
•
•
•
•

The number of international students enrolled in various programs during the 2022 calendar year.
The length of academic programs for international students.
The tuition and fees paid by international students.
The cost-of-living expenditures incurred by international students.
The country of origin for international students studying in Hawaii.

The survey questionnaire is listed in Appendix I.
This report is divided into four sections; after the first section introduction, the second section examines
the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of international student spending on Hawaii’s economy and theresults of the 2023 IES. The third section analyzes the results of the 2023 IES, including student
spending, financial aid, and countries of origin. This section also provides a summary of results fromprevious surveys. The fourth section covers summaries and conclusions.

1

II.
2022 HAWAII INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION SURVEY–ECONOMIC IMPACTANALYSIS
The estimate of the economic impact of international students studying in the State of Hawaii wascalculated based on the results of the 2023 IES, conducted in the second quarter of 2022. Caution should
be used when comparing the current survey results with previous survey results due to variation in thesurvey respondents and methodology.
Data Collection and Sources. The current survey was administered online. The sampling frame
consisted of educational institutions located in Hawaii and was identified by the U.S. Department ofHomeland Security’s (DHS) database called SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System).
The questions in the online survey are available in Appendix I and the list of the institutions the survey
was sent to is in Appendix II.
The survey asked educational institutions to report the number of international students and the estimatedexpenses for tuition/fees and living expenses incurred by international students for calendar year 2022.
The educational institutions were also asked the level and type of study programs for international
students (e.g., middle and high school students, undergraduate students, non-degree seeking students,etc.).
Responses were received from 44 educational institutions in Hawaii, for a response rate of 63.8 percent.
Of the 44 institutions, 9 indicated that they did not have any international students for calendar year
2022. The institutions responding to the 2023 IES accounted for 7,682 international students for the 2022
calendar year, representing a majority of Hawaii’s international students.
Methodology. The analysis presents two different estimates:
1) Direct Impact: This is an estimate of the direct dollar amount spent in Hawaii by international
students including tuition, fees, and living expenses.
2) Direct + Indirect + Induced Impact: This is the direct impact plus the indirect and induced
impacts, including the ripple effects of international student expenditures on output,
household income, state tax revenue, and jobs.
If an international student is telecommuting from out-of-state, the amount paid for rent, food, and otherliving expenses does not contribute to the state’s economic impact. Therefore, the living expense amount
was reduced by the estimated percentage of students that telecommuted from out-of-state as indicated in
the surveys.

2

Direct Economic Impact. The methodology to measure the direct impact of international students
studying in Hawaii was based on the reported data provided by each respective institution. The
calculation aggregated the tuition/fees plus living expenses minus the financial assistance awarded for all
the institutions that responded to the survey. Non-responses were not included in the total and, therefore,
the estimates are on the conservative side. The formula for calculating the direct economic impact ofinternational students studying in Hawaii is:
Number ofInternational
Students in Hawaii(fall, spring,summer semesters)

Average Expenses:••

Tuition andFees
LivingExpensesFinancial
Incentives or
Support from
Hawaii Institutions

DirectEconomic
ImpactTable 1 presents a summary account of the different types of international students in Hawaii and theamount spent on tuition and fees plus living expenses. These categories show the direct economic impact
of international student spending on the state’s economy.
The long-term category included students enrolled full-time for at least one semester (spring, summer, orfall), and tuition and living expenses were calculated for each semester and summed to an annual total. In
addition to university level, this category also included international students enrolled full-time at the
middle and high school level. Long-term student numbers were calculated based on the highest
enrollment semester of the calendar year. The number of long-term students was 3,666, which comprised
about 48 percent of total international students reported in the survey results. These students generated$135.0 million in direct spending, which accounted for 71 percent of the total spending.
The short-term category includes non-degree university students, training programs, camps, and visiting
scholars. The number of short-term students was 4,016 or 52 percent of the total. These students
generated $54.4 million in direct spending, which comprised 29 percent of international student total
spending for 2022.

3

Table 1: Direct Economic Impact of International Students in Hawaii for
Calendar Year 2022
Spending by International
Students on

Category

Number ofStudents

Tuition &Fees

LivingExpenses*Long-Term Students
Middle/high school
students
Degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Degree-seeking graduate
students

3,666$63,454,091$71,519,912$134,974,002

378$5,895,390$5,483,065$11,378,454

2,611$35,781,153$53,882,795$89,663,948

677$21,777,548$12,154,052$33,931,600

Short-Term Students
Non-degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Non-degree-seeking
graduate students
Short-term training
programstudents/professionals
Students insummer/winter camps
Visiting scholars/teachers

4,016$20,565,373$33,883,313$54,448,686

1,549$12,642,436$11,080,383$23,722,819

81$1,158,728$903,538$2,055,265

1,799$5,973,255$8,148,718$14,121,973

402$797,954$766,717$1,564,671

185

$0

$12,983,957$12,983,957

7,682$84,019,463$105,403,225$189,422,688

Total

Total

Source: DBEDT, 2023 IES*Living expenses are calculated based on the estimated percentage of international students who were living in-state.

Total Economic Impacts. The total economic impacts for the state included the direct, indirect andinduced impacts. The multipliers used for this calculation are from The Hawaii State Input-Output Study:
2017 Benchmark Report. 1 Type II final demand multipliers were used, which include direct, indirect, andinduced effects.
The following formula was used to calculate the total economic impact and the number of jobs supported
by international students in Hawaii for calendar year 2022:
DirectEconomic
Impact1

Derived Multipliers for the
Industry (Colleges,
Universities, and Professional
Schools)-- Total Economic Output-- Total Household Income-- State Tax Impact-- Number of Jobs Supported

DBEDT, 2022. The Hawaii State Input-Output Study: 2017 Benchmark Report. March.

4

Table 2 summarizes the economic impact of international students studying in Hawaii by the following
categories:
Total output generated is an estimate of the total dollar change in output for all industries in the state,
resulting from the inflow of money spent by international students in Hawaii. Based on this analysis, thetotal output generated by international student spending for calendar year 2022 was an estimated $373.2
million.
Total household income generated is an estimate of household earnings that can be attributed tointernational students studying in the state. Hawaii households earned an estimated total of $162.9
million generated from international students for calendar year 2022.
Total state taxes generated is an estimate of state tax revenue that can be attributed to international
students studying in Hawaii. An estimated $26.3 million in state taxes was generated by international
student spending in the state for calendar year 2022.
The last line of the table shows the total number of jobs supported by international students studying in
Hawaii. Given an estimated direct economic impact of $189.4 million for calendar year 2022, 4,792 jobs
were supported. As noted above, these estimates are based on the Type II multiplier, which includes
direct, indirect, and induced effects.
Table 2: Total Economic Impact of International Students in Hawaii, 2022
Direct Spending (from Table 1)

Total Output Generated
Total Household Income Generated
Total State Taxes Generated
Total Jobs Supported$189,422,688
Final Demand
Multiplier (Type II)

Economic
Impact (Type II)

1.97$373,162,695

0.86
0.139
25.3 (per $million)$162,903,512$26,329,754
4,792

Source: DBEDT, 2022. Hawaii State Input-Output Study: 2017 Benchmark Report. March.

5

III.

2022 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION SURVEY ANALYSIS

Data Comparisons

Figure 1 below highlights the results of the 2023 IES by the program length and compares these with thetwo previous survey results. The results show a higher percentage of students enrolled in short-term
programs compared with long-term programs, comprising 48 percent and 52 percent respectively. Thisshows a return to the pre-pandemic pattern, with a majority of Hawaii’s international students enrolled in
non-degree-short-term programs, composed mostly of English language schools. During the peak
pandemic years of 2020 and 2021, long-term students exceeded short-term students because universities
were able to pivot to online classes, thus retaining a majority of their international students. On the other
hand, short-term programs such as English language schools, were less successful at pivoting to online
classes during the pandemic and students were hesitant to enroll for in-person classes during the 2020
through 2021 period.
Figure 1. Categories of International Students in Hawaii

2020(2021 IES)

2021

(2022 IES)

2022

(2023 IES)

Source: DBEDT: respective years of IES

From an economic development perspective, long-term students have a greater impact on the state’s
economy because they spend more on an average annual basis than short-term students. In addition tobringing in more revenue for educational institutions, long-term students have a stronger ripple effect asthey pay rent, buy groceries, and spend on other items for a longer period-of-time than short-term
students.
As shown in Table 3, the direct impact of long-term students on the local economy was $135.0 million
and the short-term student impact was $54.4 million for calendar year 2022. While the dollar impact was
less, short-term programs are an important part of Hawaii’s international education ecosystem, because
they serve as a bridge for students to transition into long-term degree programs.
Spending per student. The overall average annual spending per student for calendar year 2022 was$24,658, including both long-term and short-term students. As shown in table 3, the average annual
spending for long-term students was $36,818 ($19,509 for living expenses and $17,309 for tuition/fees)and short-term students was $13,558 ($8,437 for living expenses and $5,121 for tuition/fees).

6

Table 3. Spending by International Students in Hawaii by Program Length for2022 Calendar Year
Category

Long-Term Programs

Short-Term Programs

Number of Students

3,666

4,016

Total Spending ($)$134,974,002$54,448,686

Living Expenses ($)*

$71,519,912$33,883,313

Tuition and Fees ($)$63,454,091$20,565,373$36,818$13,558

Average Annual Spending
Per Student ($)

Source: DBEDT, 2023 IES*Living expenses are calculated based on the estimated percentage of international students who were living in-state.

Table 4 below shows the direct impact (total spending by international students) and total economic
impacts on the economy of the State of Hawaii for the current survey and the two previous surveys of the
IES. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are reflected in calendar years 2020 and 2021. As Hawaii
emerged from the pandemic in 2022, the direct spending of international students increased by 79
percent over the previous year, which in turn increased earnings, tax revenues, and employment.
Table 4. Summary of Economic Impacts: 2020, 2021, and 2022
2020
(2021 IES)
Total Direct Spending

2021(2022 IES)

2022
(2023 IES)

$113,180,070$105,839,154$189,422,688

Output Multiplier

1.97

1.97

1.97

Earnings Multiplier

0.86

0.86

0.86

State Tax Multiplier

0.139

0.139

0.139

Employment Multiplier(jobs per $m)

26.6

25.9

25.3

Total Output Generated$222,964,738$208,503,133$373,162,695

Total Income Generated$97,334,860$91,021,672$162,903,512

Total State Taxes Generated$15,732,030$14,711,642$26,329,754

Total Jobs Supported

3,011

2,741

4,792

Source: DBEDT, 2022. Hawaii State Input-Output Study: 2017 Benchmark Report. March.

In 2022, a majority of students who attended classes remotely from outside of the state in 2021 returned
and this increased the related expenditures. For long-term students, the school year average of students
attending classes remotely from outside of the state declined from 41.4 percent in 2021 to 1.9 percent in
7

2022. For short-term students, the school year average of students attending classes remotely fromoutside the state declined from 21.9 percent in 2021 to 5.0 percent in 2022.

Financial Aid to International Students and Net Spending per Student. Financial aid and otherresources are used as an incentive to attract international students. The total financial aid estimate forinternational students was $7,063,452, which was 26.5 percent above the $5,583,370 amount for theprevious year. It is important to note that these are scholarships and grants offered by the institutions anddo not include RA/TA assistance. Generally, international students are eligible only for merit aid
provided by the host institutions. However, students who are U.S. permanent residents are also eligible
for federal financial aid, in addition to any available institutional aid. At most institutions, financial aid isonly provided for long-term students, those who are taking classes for credit and are working towards
completion of requirements for a degree.

At the undergraduate level for calendar year 2022, the average annual expense for tuition and cost ofliving for a degree-seeking international student in Hawaii was $34,341. This amount was after the
average annual financial assistance was subtracted, which reduced the total cost per student byapproximately $1,172 annually. The average tuition amount included community colleges, which
generally had lower tuition than the four-year universities. Figure 2 also shows that the average annual
spending for international undergraduate students increased in 2022. If students were out-of-state during
the 2020 to 2021 period, they did not have housing costs within the state, and this reduced total housing
costs for 2020 and 2021. As students returned to the state in 2022 and moved into housing, this increased
the housing spending portion of total expenses.
At the graduate level for calendar year 2022, the average annual expense for tuition and cost of living fora degree-seeking graduate in Hawaii was $50,121. This amount was after the financial assistance wassubtracted, which reduced the total cost per student by approximately $395 annually (this does notinclude RA/TA assistance).
At the middle and high school level for calendar year 2022, the average annual expense for tuition andcost of living was $30,102 per year after financial assistance was subtracted. The financial aid in thiscategory averaged $1,581 annually per student.
In addition to promoting Hawaii as an educational destination, increasing financial aid for international
students could help the state attract and retain quality students from all over the globe.

8Figure 2. Impact of Financial Aid for International University Students

Source: DBEDT: respective years of IES

9Countries of Origin for Hawaii’s International Students

Table 5 lists the top countries of origin for Hawaii’s international students in 2022. Japan remained the
top country of origin in 2022, comprising 24.8 percent of the total. Japan was followed by South Korea
with 9.1 percent, Switzerland with 8.3 percent, China (including Hong Kong and Macao) with 7.3
percent, and the Philippines and Germany tied at 5.3 percent.
Table 5. Places of Origin of International Students in Hawaii in 2022
Rank
1
2
3
4
*5
*5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
**19
**19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Country/PlaceJapan
South Korea
Switzerland
China (PRC, HK, Macao)
Philippines
Germany
CanadaNorwayTaiwan
Tonga
Fiji
India
Mongolia
FranceAustralia
Thailand
New ZealandWestern Samoa
BrazilVietnamDenmarkIndonesia
Malaysia
French Polynesia
Spain
SwedenUnited Kingdom*Germany and Philippines have equal values.
**Denmark and Vietnam have equal values.
Source: DBEDT, 2023 IES

No. of Students
1,494
552
502
438
321
321
198
169
144
123
93
81
80
79
76
74
65
57
54
53
53
52
46
45
44
38
34

% of Total
24.8%
9.1%
8.3%
7.3%
5.3%
5.3%
3.3%
2.8%
2.4%
2.0%
1.5%
1.3%
1.3%
1.3%
1.3%
1.2%
1.1%
0.9%
0.9%
0.9%
0.9%
0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%

Compared to last year’s rankings, the number one and number two rankings remained the same, withJapan in the top position followed by South Korea. Switzerland moved up one position to third, while
China dropped from third to fourth. A notable increase in the rankings was India, which went from 23rd10

in last year’s survey to 11th in this year’s survey. For the U.S. overall, India is ranked second behind
China, and therefore has strong growth potential for Hawaii. 2
IV.

CONCLUSIONS

The data presented in this report were the results of the 2022 Hawaii International Education Survey.
DBEDT received responses from 44 of Hawaii’s educational institutions with international students for a
response rate of 63.8 percent. The total direct economic impact of international students for the 2022
calendar year was an estimated $189.4 million, including tuition and fees plus living expenses. Of this,$135.0 million was from long-term programs and $54.4 million was from short-term programs. Theseestimates do not include contributions from foreign schools to Hawaii, such as school excursions andother education-related travel. As of this writing, comprehensive data was not available, and the effects
of education-related travel is an area for future research.
In addition to the direct impact, other economic benefits of international students for the 2022 calendar
year were:••••$373.2 million in economic output generated, including direct, indirect, and induced effects.
$26.3 million in state taxes generated.
$162.9 million in household income generated.
4,792 jobs supported by international student spending.

The 2022 average annual spending per student for all programs was $24,658, including tuition and fees
plus living expenses. For each respective category, average annual spending for long-term students was$36,818 and $13,558 for short-term students.
This year’s survey showed strong results over the previous year of 2021, with increases in both student
numbers (7,682 versus 5,515) and total spending ($184.4 million versus $105.8 million). However, theresults were mixed when comparing to the pre-pandemic year of 2019. While the number of long-term
international students in Hawaii surpassed 2019 numbers (3,666 versus 3,278), the number of short-term
students was still below 2019 numbers (7,682 versus 10,093). Nominally, international student spendingfor 2022 was above 2019 levels; however, adjusting for inflation, 2022 spending was approximately 10
percent below 2019 spending.
In summary, Hawaii’s international students are an important part of Hawaii’s economy, and it isexpected their numbers will increase and further contribute to Hawaii’s economy.

Opendoors. 2023. International Student Data.
https://opendoorsdata.org/data/international-students/

2

11

APPENDIX I: 2022 Hawaii International Education Survey(actual survey instrument was online)

CONTACT INFORMATION* 1. Please fill in your contact information
Name

Institution

Address

Address 2

City/Town

ZIP/Postal Code

Email Address

Phone Number

12

2. Did you have any international students during the 2022 calendar year?
YesNo(if respond “no” survey ends)

13

ENROLLMENT
3. Please enter the international student enrollment

numbers by category for Spring 2022
Middle/High school students

Degree-seeking undergraduate students

Non-degree-seeking undergraduate students

Degree-seeking graduate students

Non-degree-seeking graduate students

4. If any students took online classes from out-of-state

during Spring 2022, please enter the estimatedpercentages for each respective category below:% of middle/high school students% of degree-seeking undergraduate% of non-degree-seeking undergraduate% of degree-seeking graduate students% of non-degree-seeking graduate students

145. Please enter the international student enrollment

numbers by category for Summer 2022
Middle/High school students

Degree-seeking undergraduate students

Non-degree-seeking undergraduate students

Degree-seeking graduate students

Non-degree-seeking graduate students

6. If any students took online classes from out-of-state

during Summer 2022, please enter the estimatedpercentages for each respective category below:% of middle/high school students% of degree-seeking undergraduate% of non-degree-seeking undergraduate% of degree-seeking graduate students% of non-degree-seeking graduate students

15

7. Please enter the international student enrollment

numbers by category for Fall 2022
Middle/High school students

Degree-seeking undergraduate students

Non-degree-seeking undergraduate students

Degree-seeking graduate students

Non-degree-seeking graduate students

8. If any students took online classes from out-of-state

during Fall 2022, please enter the estimatedpercentages for each respective category below:% of middle/high school students% of degree-seeking undergraduate% of non-degree-seeking undergraduate% of degree-seeking graduate students% of non-degree-seeking graduate students

9. Please indicate the international student enrollment numbers for the total calendar year of 2022 (combined

spring, summer, fall) by each of the following categories. Please note these short-term categories are different
from the previous questions (Q3 through Q8).
Students/professionals in short-term training programs
Summer/winter camps
Visiting scholars/teachers1610. If any students participated online from out-of-state, please enter the estimated percentages for each

respective category below:% of students/professionals in training programs% in summer/winter camps% visiting scholars/teachers

11. Please indicate the average program length in days for calendar year 2022 for each of the following

categories (if there were multiple programs, please report the average number of days for each respective
program category). If you need to clarify your answers, you may do so in Question 21.
Students/professionals inshort-term training
programs
Summer/winter camps
Visiting scholars/teachers

12. Please indicate the number of family members accompanying international students/trainees (via invitation

letters from your institution).

17

FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR TUITION AND FEES
13. Please indicate the cost of tuition and fees per student for Spring
2022 by the following categories of international students. Please specify time period (e.g. per week, per month, per xweek term, per semester, per year).
Middle/High school
students
Degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Non-degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Degree-seeking graduate
students
Non-degree-seeking
graduate students

14. Please indicate the cost of tuition and fees per student for Summer
2022 by the following categories of international students. Please specify time period (e.g. per week, per month, per xweek term, per semester, per year).
Middle/High school
students
Degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Non-degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Degree-seeking graduate
students
Non-degree-seeking
graduate students1815. Please indicate the cost of tuition and fees per student for Fall
2022 by the following categories of international students. Please specify time period (e.g. per week, per month, per xweek term, per semester, per year).
Middle/High school
students
Degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Non-degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Degree-seeking graduate
students
Non-degree-seeking
graduate students

16. Please indicate the cost of tuition and fees per student for calendar year 2022 by the following categories

of international students. Please specify time period (e.g. per day, per week, per month, per program, per year).
Students/professionals inshort-term training
programs
Summer/winter camps
Visiting scholars/teachers

19

FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR COST OF LIVING
17. Please indicate the cost of living per student for Spring 2022 by the following categories of international

students. Please specify time period (e.g. per week, per month, per x-week term, per semester, per year).
Middle/High school
students
Degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Non-degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Degree-seeking graduate
students
Non-degree-seeking
graduate students

18. Please indicate the cost of living per student for Summer 2022 by the following categories of international

students. Please specify time period (e.g. per week, per month, per x-week term, per semester, per year).
Middle/High school
students
Degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Non-degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Degree-seeking graduate
students
Non-degree-seeking
graduate students2019. Please indicate the cost of living per student for Fall 2022 by the following categories of international

students. Please specify time period (e.g. per week, per month, per x-week term, per semester, per year).

Middle/High school
students
Degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Non-degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Degree-seeking graduate
students
Non-degree-seeking
graduate students

20. Please indicate the cost of living per student for calendar year 2022 by the following categories ofinternational students. Please specify time period (e.g. per day, per week, per month, per program, per year).
Students/professionals inshort-term training
programs
Summer/winter camps
Visiting scholars/teachers

21

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
21. For calendar year 2022 (January through December), please indicate the lump sum amount of financial

assistance through tuition waivers, scholarships, and any other financial assistance to INTERNATIONAL
students/scholars in U.S. dollars (i.e. add up all the financial support given to students in that category andreport the amount).
Middle/High school
students
Degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Non-degree-seeking
undergraduate students
Degree-seeking graduate
students
Non-degree-seeking
graduate students
Students/professionals inshort-term training
programs
Summer/winter camps
Visiting scholars/teachers

22

PLACE OF ORIGIN FOR 2022
22. Please indicate the number of international students from each country during Spring, Summer,
and Fall for 2022.
American Samoa
Argentina
Australia
BelgiumBrazilCambodia
CanadaChile
China, PRC
China, Hong Kong
China, Macao
Colombia
Costa Rica
Czech Republic
Denmark
Ecuador
Egypt
Fiji
FinlandFranceFrench Polynesia
Germany

23

Greece
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iraq
IrelandIsraelItaly
Japan
JordanKazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, South
Laos
LebanonLithuania
Malaysia
Marshall Islands
MexicoMicronesia
Mongolia
Morocco
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Norway24

Pakistan
Palau
Peru
Philippines
PolandPortugal
Romania
RussiaSaudi Arabia
Singapore
Slovakia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
SwedenSwitzerland
TaiwanThailand
Tonga
TurkeyUkraineUnited Kingdom
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Western Samoa
Other (specify)
Other (specify)

25

APPENDIX II: List of the Educational Institutions Surveyed (calendar year 2022
data).
Table AII.1: The list is based on the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS)
database called SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System):Flight Schools
Mauna Loa Helicopters

Flight School

73-310 Uu Street
Kailua-Kona, HI, 96740

Language Schools

Academia Language
SchoolLanguage School

1600 Kapiolani Blvd. Suite 1215
Honolulu, HI, 96814

EF International Language
Schools, Inc.

Language Schools

EF International Language Schools, Inc.
Honolulu, HI, 96815

Institute of Intensive
English, Ltd.
Intercultural
Communications College
Hawaii English Language
ProgramGlobal Village Hawaii

Language School

Maui Language InstituteLanguage School

2155 Kalakaua Avenue, Suite 700
Honolulu, HI, 96815
810 Richards Street
Honolulu, HI, 96813
1395 Lower Campus Road, MC 13-1
Honolulu, HI, 96822
1440 Kapiolani Blvd.
Honolulu, HI, 96814
310 W Kaahumanu Avenue
Kahului, HI 96732

Language Schools
Language School
Language Schools

Massage/Beauty/Cosmetology/Alternative Medicine
Aisen Shiatsu Chiryo Doin

Massage School

Hawaii Massage Academy

Massage School

Institute of ClinicalAcupuncture and Oriental
Medicine
Makana Esthetics Wellness
AcademyAlternative
Medicine

American RenaissanceAcademyAsia Pacific International
SchoolHaleakala Waldorf School

Primary/Secondary
SchoolSecondary School

Hanahauoli School

Primary School

Hanalani Schools

Secondary School

Beauty School

1314 South King Street, Suite 601, Honolulu,
HI 96814
1750 Kalakaua Avenue Suite 3004
Honolulu, HI, 96826
100 N Beretania Street, Suite 203 B
Honolulu, HI, 96817
560 N Nimitz Hwy Ste 125D
Honolulu, HI, 96817

Primary/Secondary Schools

Secondary School

300 Franklin Ave
Kapolei, HI 96707
54-230 Kamehameha Hwy
Hauula, HI, 96717
4160 Lower Kula Road
Kula, HI, 96790
1922 Makiki St,
Honolulu, HI 96822
Admissions Office
Mililani, HI, 96789

26

Hawaii Baptist Academy

Secondary School2429 Pali Highway
Honolulu, HI, 96817

Hawaii Preparatory
AcademyPrimary/Secondary
School65-1692 Kohala Mountain Road
Kamuela, HI, 96743

Hawaiian Mission
AcademyHongwanji Mission School

Primary/Secondary
SchoolSecondary School

Honolulu Waldorf School

Primary/Secondary
SchoolSecondary School

1415 Makiki Street
Honolulu, HI, 96814
1728 Pali Highway
Honolulu, HI, 96813
350 Ulua Street
Honolulu, HI, 96821
563 Kamoku Street
Honolulu, HI, 96826
909 Haumea Street
Kapolei, HI, 96707
1117 Koko Head Avenue
Honolulu, HI
54-3611 Akoni Pule Hwy,
Kapaau, HI 96755
2933 Poni Moi Road
Honolulu, HI, 96815
74-4966 Kealakaa Street
Kailua-Kona, HI, 96740
1526 Alexander Street
Honolulu, HI, 96822
4910 Honoapiilani Highway
Lahaina, HI, 96761

Iolani School
Island Pacific Academy –Upper School
Kaimuki Christian School

Secondary School

Kohala High School

Secondary School

La Pietra Hawaii Schoolfor Girls
Makua Lani Christian
AcademyMaryknoll School

Secondary School

Maui Preparatory
AcademySecondary School

Le Jardin Academy

Secondary School

Parker School

Primary/Secondary
SchoolPrimary/Secondary
SchoolSecondary School

Punahou School
Sacred Hearts Academy
Saint Anthony

Secondary School

Secondary School
Secondary School

Saint Louis School

Primary/Secondary
SchoolSecondary School

Seabury Hall

Secondary School

St. Joseph School of Hilo

Secondary School

The St. Andrew's Schools

Secondary School

Trinity Christian School

Secondary School

Mid-Pacific InstitutePrimary/Secondary
School917 Kalanianaole Highway
Kailua, HI, 96734
65-1224 Lindsey Rd
Kamuela, HI 96743
1601 Punahou Street
Honolulu, HI, 96822
3253 Waialae Avenue
Honolulu, HI, 96816
148 Makawao Street
Kailua, Hawaii 96734
3142 Waialae Avenue
Honolulu, HI, 96816
480 Olinda Road
Makawao, HI, 96768
1000 Ululani Street
Hilo, HI, 96720
224 Queen Emma Square
Honolulu, HI, 96813
1110 A Kailua Road
Kailua, HI, 96734
2445 Kaala Street
Honolulu, HI, 96822
27

Post-secondary Institutions – University/College

Brigham Young
University-Hawaii
Central Pacific College

Chaminade University of
Honolulu
Hawaii Pacific University
Hawaii Tokai
International College
International Mid Pac
College
University of the Nations,
Kona
Wayland Baptist
University – HI
Hawaii Community
College
UH Center at West Hawaii
Kapiolani Community
College
Kauai Community College
Leeward Community
College
Honolulu Community
College
University of Hawaii at
Hilo
University of Hawaii at
Manoa
University of Hawaii at
Manoa - Outreach College
University of Hawaii Maui
College
Windward Community
College
University of Hawaii
William S. Richardson
School of Law

University/College55-220 Kulanui Street
Laie, HI, 96762
University/College
1833 Kalakaua Avenue Suite 510
Honolulu, HI, 96815
University/College
3140 Waialae Avenue
Honolulu, HI, 96816
University/College
1164 Bishop Street
Honolulu, HI, 96813
University/College
91-971 Farrington Highway
Kapolei, HI, 96707
University/College1311 Kapiolani Blvd. 200-5
Honolulu, HI, 96814
University/College
75-5851 Kuakini Highway
Kailua-Kona, HI, 96740
University/College
95-1091 Ainamakua Drive
Mililani, HI, 96789
University of Hawaii System
University/College
200 W. Kawili Street
Hilo, HI, 96720
University/College
81-964 Halekii Street
Kealakekua, HI, 96750
University/College4303 Diamond Head Road
Honolulu, HI, 96816
University/College
Kauai Community College - University of
Hawaii Lihue, HI, 96766
University/College
96-045 Ala Ike
Pearl City, HI, 96782
University/College
874 Dillingham Blvd.
Honolulu, HI, 96817
University/College
University of Hawaii at Hilo
Hilo, HI, 96720
University/College
University of Hawaii at Manoa,
OVCAA/OIEP/ISS
Honolulu, HI, 96822
University/College
Outreach College
Honolulu, HI, 96822
University/College
University of Hawaii Maui College
Kahului, HI, 96732
University/College45-720 Keaahala Road
Kaneohe, HI, 96744
Law School
2515 Dole Street
Honolulu, HI, 96822

Educational Exchange Programs

Japan-America Institute ofManagement Science(JAIMS)

Educational
Exchange

JAIMS
6660 Hawaii Kai Drive
Honolulu, HI, 96825
28

APPENDIX III: Total Economic Impact of International Students within the
University of Hawaii System on the State’s Economy
1. Direct Economic Impact. Table AIII.1 presents a summary of the direct impact of
University of Hawaii’s international students to the state’s economy. It is based oninternational student expenditures for tuition/fees and living expenses. The table includes
the contributions of long-term and short-term students and is categorized by the type ofprogram. As noted earlier in the report, the living expense estimate was reduced based on
the percentage of international students who were telecommuting from out-of-state.
Table AIII.1: Direct Economic Impact of International Students for the Universityof Hawaii System, 2022
Category of International
Students

Number ofStudents

Spending by International
Students:

Total

Long-Term Students

1,594

Tuition &Fees$41,023,050

LivingExpenses*$30,822,288$71,845,338

Degree-seeking undergraduate
students
Degree-seeking graduate
students

988$20,466,878$19,607,819$40,074,697

606$20,556,172$11,214,469$31,770,641

Short-Term Students

1,479$6,049,591$17,274,296$23,323,887

Non-degree seeking
undergraduate students
Non-degree seeking graduate
students
Short-term training program
students/professionals
Students in summer/wintercamps
Visiting scholars/teachers

836$5,355,854$3,784,435$9,140,289

11$265,202$143,954$409,156

399$380,535$553,950$934,485

48$48,000$48,000$96,000185

0$12,743,957$12,743,957

Total

3,073

$47,072,641$48,096,584$95,169,225

Source: DBEDT, 2023 Hawaii IES*Living expenses are calculated based on the estimated percentage of international students who were living
in-state.

The above figures are aggregated from the following University of Hawaii related institutions:
Hawaii Community College, Kapiolani Community College, Kauai Community College,
Leeward Community College, Windward Community College, UH-Maui College, UH-HELP,
UH-Hilo, UH-Manoa, UH-William S. Richardson School of Law, UH-Outreach College, andUH-West Oahu.
29

2. Total Economic Impact and Number of Jobs Supported. The total economic impact forthe state included both the direct, indirect and induced impacts. The multipliers used for thiscalculation are taken from The Hawaii State Input-Output Study: 2017 Benchmark Report(March 2022). Type II final demand multipliers were used, which include direct, indirect, andinduced effects.
Tables AIII.2 summarizes the results and shows the economic impact of international students
studying at various campuses across the University of Hawaii System. The total output
generated is an estimate of the total dollar change in output in all industries in the state, resulting
from international student expenditures (living expenses and tuition/fees) attending the
University of Hawaii. Based on the direct output of $95.2 million, the total output generated byinternational students for the University of Hawaii System was estimated at $187.5 million (TypeII multiplier) for calendar year 2022.
Table AIII.2: Economic Impact of International Students within the University of
Hawaii System on the State’s Economy
Final Demand
Multiplier (Type II)

Economic
Impact (Type II)

Total Output Generated

1.97$187,483,373

Total Household Income Generated

0.86$81,845,534

Total State Taxes Generated

0.139$13,228,522

Total Jobs Supported (2022)

25.3 (per $million)

2,408

Source: DBEDT, 2022. Hawaii State Input-Output Study: 2017 Benchmark Report. March.

Total household income generated refers to the estimated household earnings that can be
attributed to international students studying within the University of Hawaii system. Hawaii
households earned an estimated $81.8 million generated from University of Hawaii’s
international students for calendar year 2022.
The total state taxes generated line shows the estimated tax revenue that can be attributed tointernational students studying within the University of Hawaii system. An estimated $13.2
million in state taxes was generated by University of Hawaii’s international student spendingfor calendar year 2022.
The last line of the table shows the total number of jobs supported by international students
studying within the University of Hawaii system. Given an estimated direct economic impactof $95.2 million for calendar year 2022, 2,408 jobs were supported. As noted above, theseestimates are based on the Type II multiplier, which includes direct, indirect, and induced
effects.

30