NIES GOSAT PROJECT NEWSLETTER ISSUE#4 APR. 2010NIES

GOSJ ATPRO ECT
NEWSL ETTER

Independent Administrative Institution
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
A newsletter on the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite(GOSAT, “IBUKI” ) project from the NIES GOSAT Project Oﬃce.

http://www.gosat.nies.go.jp/

ISSUE #4
APR. 2010

CONTENTSIMAGES OF THE MONTH
Iceland — Volcano Eruption and Spreading Volcanic PlumeGOSAT NEWSA New Ground-based High-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer
Now Installed at NIES!
On Installing the GOSAT Research Computation Facility (GOSAT RCF)
NIES Spring Environmental Lecture Report
INTERVIEW"IBUKI"'s PI Interview —Dr.Christian Frankenberg
Dr. Ha Tran
DATA PRODUCTS UPDATEINFORMATION
Presentations at Domestic Academic Conferences
CALENDAR

01

02
02
03
03
05
06
06
06

IMAGE OF THE MONTHICELAND—VOLCANO ERUPTION ANDSPREADING VOLCANIC PLUME

Image 1． Made from four CAI L1B data products observed when "IBUKI" flew over Russia~Europe fourtimes on April 16, 2010 (Japan Standard Time). Blue = Band 1, Green = Band 2, Red = Band 3

Image 2． Made from three CAI L1B data products observed when "IBUKI" flew over Europe three times
on April 17, 2010 (Japan Standard Time). Blue = Band 1, Green = Band 2, Red = Band 3

1­­

On April 14 and 17, large scale eruptions
occurred in the glacier region about 100 km southeastof Reykjavik, the capital city of Iceland, after theintermittent volcanic activities observed since March
2010. As the volcanic plume of these eruptions reachedthe large areas in Europe, many European countries took
emergency measures such as cancellation of commercial
passenger flights and shutdown of airports. Here we
report IBUKI's observation of volcanic eruptions in Icelandand the spreading volcanic plume.
Image 1 is a color composite image of CAI L1B data
products on April 16, 2010, two days after an eruption,
taken over Russia and Europe. A red triangle indicates thelocation of the erupting volcano, and black regions are
the areas where "IBUKI" could not observe. Clouds, snow,
and sea ices are shown in white, terrestrial vegetation in
red, and volcanic plume in yellow. In the bottom-centerof Image 1, yellow spreading volcanic plume can be seen
over northern Germany, Poland, and Finland.
Image 2 is a color composite image of CAI L1B data
products from April 17, 2010 over Europe. There appears
some volcanic plume caused by an eruption on 17th
spreading southwards from southern Iceland to theocean close-by, then changing its direction to the east.
There was a request from the government of United
Kingdom to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan forthe observation data to check the status of the volcanic
plume as well as to validate their prediction model.
Responding to the request, Ministry of the Environment(MOE), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA),
and NIES provided the observation data over Europe
from April 15, 2010 to April 29, 2010 after some image
processing and mapping.
More images of Icelandic volcano eruptions observedby "IBUKI" can be seen on NIES GOSAT Project website.

"IBUKI"'s web page on the Icelandic volcano eruptions:
http://www.gosat.nies.go.jp/eng/related/201004.htm

NIES GOSAT PROJECT NEWSLETTER ISSUE#4 APR. 2010

GOSAT NEWSA New Ground-based High-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer
Now Installed at NIES!
—Isamu Morino, Senior Researcher, Satellite Remote Sensing Research Section,
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), NIES

During March 25 and 31, 2010, a new ground-based high-resolution Fourier
Transform Spectrometer (FTS, Bruker IFS 125 HR) was delivered and installed at NIES, andadjustments were performed. After a pilot run of the atmospheric observation, the routine
observation was started on April 8, 2010.
At NIES GOSAT Project, validation is being carried out to evaluate the uncertainty ofconcentrations of green house gases or other information retrieved from the GOSAT data.
The validation is an indispensable task for a GOSAT data product to be used for scientificpurposes. Measuring the direct solar radiation that has been affected by the absorption
Image 1. The new FTS (Bruker IFS 125 HR) has beenof the greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere using a ground-based high-resolution conducting a routine observation after a series of
FTS is one the most effective observation methods for validation. For this reason, there adjustments were performed. The sunlight broughtin from the solar tracker on the rooftop shines on
is a network of the ground-based high-resolution FTSs, named Total Carbon Column the gold-coated mirror in the upper middle of the
Observing Network (TCCON), and currently such observations are carried out in more than image. (April, 14, 2010)
ten locations worldwide.
A high-resolution FTS (Bruker IFS 120 HR) was installed in 2001 at the Climate Change
Research Hall at NIES, and the routine observation using this instrument has been
conducted since then. In 2009, an observation that follows TCCON protocol was initiatedfor GOSAT validation. And it was approved as one and only TCCON observation site in Asia
after an airborne observation exam in January 2009 that proved its observation results
to be consistent with the other major TCCON sites. However, it has been ten years since
the existing observation instrument was installed, and it was not able to fully follow theTCCON observation protocol with its aged measurement and control system. The newly
installed FTS realized much improved signal-to-noise ratio and observation efficiency. A lot Image 2. A part of high-resolution FTS is beingbrought in. (March 25, 2010) Photo: Isamu Morino.
is expected for this new FTS in the GOSAT validation process.

GOSAT NEWSOn Installing the GOSAT Research Computation Facility (GOSAT RCF)
— Tsuneo Matsunaga
Kaduo Hiraki

Chief, Office for Global Environmental Database, CGER, NIES
NIES Fellow, Office for Global Environmental Database, CGER, NIESGOSAT RCF features 320 CPUs features not only GPGPU that is(Central Processing Unit, Intel of high performance per energy
Xeon E5530 (2.4GHz, 4 cores)) consumption, but also siliconand 320 GPGPUs (General - disks that do not run on motors
Purpose computing on Graphics (except for the large capacity
Processing Units, NVIDIA Tesla disk system and some of theC1060) and its total theoretical servers), energy-efficient rackpeak per formance (double mount cooling systems, and a
precision floating point number) monitoring function to halt CPUs
reaches 37 TFLOPS1. GOSAT RCF if they are detected inactive for aalso features a large capacity disk certain period of time.
system with an actual capacity of
Additionally, the installation
100 Tera Byte (RAID6) to hold the of the atmospheric radiative
data in the computing process. t r a n s f e r p r o g r a m a n d t h e
O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , a atmospheric transport program,massive amount of electricity that are very important in thethat a large-scale computer GOSAT data processing, andconsumes has been considered their optimization at the GOSATNIES GOSAT Project problematic in recent years. In an RCF are being carried out as
has newly installed a dedicated effort to achieve lower energy the discussions with softwarelarge-scale computer of its own, c o n s u m p t i o n , G O S AT R C F d e v e l o p e r s a n d u s e r s a r e"GOSAT Research Computation
continued. As soon as these
Facility" (GOSAT RCF) in the 1 Further improvement of the softwares are ready, the GOSAT's
end of March 2010 to further performance is expected as the large dat a pro cessing andpromote the GOSAT related update of the GPGPU is scheduled other numerical simulations areresearch.
scheduled to start.
during the first half of 2010.
2­­(left)A view inside GOSAT
Research Computation Facility.
(right top) At the beginning of
GOSAT RCF construction work.
(right middle and bottom)
Computing nodes are brought inand stored on the racks one byone.

NIES GOSAT PROJECT NEWSLETTER ISSUE#4 APR. 2010

GOSAT
NEWS
GOSAT
NEWS

CGER Office for Global Environmental
Database Chief Tsuneo Matsunaga
explains the global observation data
including "IBUKI."

At the lecture "Let’s look at the Earthbreathing from satellite!" by NIES GOSAT
Project Leader Tatsuya Yokota.

NIES Spring Environmental Lecture
ReportOne-sixteenth scale model of "IBUKI."On April 17, 2010, as a part of the National Science and Technology Week, NIES introduced some main research facilities andour daily research achievements to the general public. At the lecture, "Let’s look at the Earth breathing from satellite!" by NIES GOSAT
Project Leader Tatsuya Yokota, "IBUKI"’s undisclosed facts were told, including the viewing of a video recorded from the rocket atthe moment "IBUKI" was released into the orbit. Curious questions from participants such as "How much does this project cost?"
excited the lecture room. (Answer: From the development to the launch, it cost approx. 350 million US dollars.) At the exhibition,"Get to know about Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite "IBUKI" (GOSAT)," a popular question was "How does a satellite measuregreenhouse gases?" Researchers directly answered such questions by using an observation instrument (similar to the sensor onboard"IBUKI") on display. We appreciate 350 people visited the Climate Change Research Hall where the "IBUKI" lecture and exhibit were
held despite the out-of-season snow in the morning.

GOSAT INTERVIEWA Series: "IBUKI"'s PI Interviews

No.3

DR. CHRISTIANFRANKENBERG
Scientist

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA
GOSAT Project hosted the Second Annual Research Announcement
Principal Investigator Meeting (RA PI Meeting) in Kyoto from January 28 to January
29, 2010. At this meeting, 133 people including the PIs of selected RAs and therelated researchers from 18 countries around the world gathered and had intensive
discussions.
For this issue we introduce one of the PIs from the first RA, Christian Frankenberg
of Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (Interviewer: NIES GOSAT Project Yokota Tatsuya. Kyoto,
Japan. January 29, 2010.)
Yokota : Thank you for coming here. I remember you
went to Heidelberg University, and you were with Netherlands
Institute for Space Research (SRON), and then, you just moved
to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)1 lastweek. I would like to ask you about your birthplace and the historyof your research works, and also about your major achievement
for Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric

Cartography (SCIAMACHY) 2. Also, I would like to ask about yourimpression on the present GOSAT data and the expectation in the
future as well.
Frankenberg : Ok, I was born in 1976 in Bad Honnef, Germany,close to Bonn, the former capital. I studied Geoecology at the2

SCIAMACHY is a passive remote sensing spectrometer observing

backscattered, reflected, transmitted or emitted radiation from the1

JPL is a federally funded research and development facility managed by

the California Institute of Technology for NASA.

atmosphere and Earth's surface. The instrument flies on board European
Space Agency's ENVISAT satellite, which was launched on March 1, 2002.

3­­

NIES GOSAT PROJECT NEWSLETTER ISSUE#4 APR. 2010

GOSAT INTERVIEW continued

University of Bayreuth, which is in the southern part of Germany.
Yokota : Geoecology?
Frankenberg : Geoecology. It is kind of an interdisciplinary
study. My focus was in physical and chemical aspects of theatmosphere. I had a good impression from my summer schoolof Environmental Physics in Heidelberg (two week summer
school, one week dedicated to Atmospheric Chemistry andPhysics, and the other week to Soil Physics), I started my doctoral
program in Heidelberg University. I think it was in 2002 roughly.
They had some open work on the SCIAMACHY shortwave
infrared channels, but it was more or less an open topic; justdo something with the shortwave infrared channels. The topic
of my thesis wasn't really strictly defined at the beginning but
evolved in the course of my studies. There, I actually started
focusing on methane (CH4) retrievals from SCIAMACHY, also
switching to a wavelength range that was not really planned
for the CH4 retrievals, a region that's now being used by GOSAT
actually. I also did some work on CO from SCIAMACHY during
my doctoral program.
Yokota : What was your role in the retrieval? Did you develop a
new code?
Frankenberg : Yes, I actually developed a new code at the
Heidelberg group because they come more from the Differential
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) background, analgorithm not fully suitable for near-infrared retrievals. Mine israther a simple approach, compared to the GOSAT retrieval, thatcompletely ignores scattering, but it still tries to properly model
the atmosphere in the best sense that you can do without any
scattering properties. Then, we actually used the concurrent CO2
measurement as a proxy for the light path which in turn enabled
the first global CH4 retrievals from SCIAMACHY, because thislargely eliminated uncertainties in the light-path distribution in theobserved ground-scene. You can imagine that for SCIAMACHY,
with a ground-pixel size of 60 by 30 kilometers, you hardly haveany completely cloud free scene, so you need a proxy for thelight path. Then, at the end of my studies, I applied for a personal
fellowship from the Dutch Science Foundation (NWO). Then,after my doctoral program in Hidelberg, I started working for the
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) in Utrecht. Now,
I have been there for more than three years, and just started at Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in mid January. Now, I hope to be able
to focus my work on GOSAT.
Yokota : So your research works in Heidelberg University, SRON,
and JPL, all are in the same area?
Frankenberg : It is kind of in the similar area. During my doctoral
program I was doing more work for carbon monoxide as well. At
my time at SRON, I also did some work on the characterisation ofCH4 spectroscopy.
Yokota : So, your role in JPL is for OCO-2?
Frankenberg : Right now, I will be in the ACOS team also, to help
understand the data product. There are already many people in
the algorithm development. I will also try to get some CH4 into the
ACOS team because right now it's focused on CO2 .
Yokota : What is your major interest? In the retrieval code, climatechange, greenhouse gas monitoring, changing variation orcomparison?
Frankenberg : It's hard to say because my studies areinterdisciplinary, so I do not fully focus on algorithm development,
and I do not fully focus on the interpretation. I try to bridge the4­­

gap a little bit. I have a hybrid interest. It is often quite important
to know a little bit of both worlds, retrieval and scientificinterpretation.
Yokota : Do you have some special area where you have a focus onin the world?
Frankenberg : Asia probably is the most exciting area. This is where
I think the most changes are happening now and can be expected
to be happening in the future. It is the most uncertain region also
because many of these ground based measurements that are
established in Europe or North America or in Japan are not reallyapparent in the main-land of the Asia, in the emerging nations like
China and India. These are the two most densely populated places
with almost half the people worldwide living in this area.
Yokota : I'd like to ask you about your impression on the present
GOSAT data.
Frankenberg : I have to admit that I didn't fully spend a lot of timeworking on the GOSAT data, but even when I look at the data, it isa huge improvement in terms of spectral resolutions that you canidentify individual lines, and the spatial resolution which is quite
important. Just from this point of view, you can actually expect ahuge improvements over SCIAMACHY. When we see what we haveachieved with SCIAMACHY already, I am actually quite confident
that there will be nice results coming out of GOSAT spectra. It issuch a vast variety of spectra and data that GOSAT provides, that itprobably will take quite some time until the full potential of GOSAT
will be exploited.
Yokota : Do you have some requests or expectation in GOSAT datanear future?
Frankenberg : It would be nice, of course, if some calibrations weredirectly implemented in the Level 1B. Or some calibration productsthat the end user does not have to apply all the calibrations on
their own would be nice. One unified kind of calibration schemethat is easy to implement for everybody, that would be an ideal
case, I think.

SMALL AHA! OF THE MONTHSCIAMACHY is not only an abbreviation for Scanning Imaging
Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography, but
it is also a Greek expression, which means chasing or hunting
shadows , and is equivalent to do the impossible task.
Reference : The SCIAMACHY Book on SCIAMACHY website.
http://www.sciamachy.org/

NIES GOSAT PROJECT NEWSLETTER ISSUE#4 APR. 2010

GOSAT INTERVIEW

DR. HA TRAN

Researcher,
Laboratoire Inter-universitaire des Systemes Atmosphériques
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France
NIES GOSAT Project invited Dr. Ha Tran from Laboratoire Inter-universitaire des Systemes
Atmosphériques (LISA), Université Paris 12 and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNSR)
in France for discussions on one of the important aspects of the radiative transfer calculation in GOSAT
data processing, the line-mixing effect, with NIES GOSAT algorithm team and GOSAT Data Handling
Facility team from March 9 to March 19, 2010. (Interviewer: GOSAT Project Tatsuya Yokota)

Yokota: Thank you for coming here to our institute.
Today, I would like to ask you some questions on your personal
history etc. Firstly, where were you born?
Tran: I was born in Thai Binh, Vietnam. I finished my master’sstudies at Hanoi National University of Education in 2000. Then, I
came to France for my doctoral degree. First, I spent one year for
my master’s degree in molecular physics, and then I studied for
my doctoral degree at University of Franche-Comte in Besançon
for three years. I finished my doctoral degree in 2004. I had
two years of postdoc at LISA, Université Paris 12. Then, I spent
one year as an assistant professor at Laboratoire de Physique
Moléculaire pour l’Atmosphère et l’Astrophysique (LPMAA) at
Université Paris 6. I got my permanent position at LISA in 2007 in
the group of Dr. Jean-Michel Hartmann and Dr. Jean-Marie Flaud.
Yo kot a: D r. Flau d? H e is th e key p er s on for th e High resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database(HITR AN)1 and Management and Study of AtmosphericSpectroscopic Information (Gestion et Etude des Informations
Spectroscopiques Atmosphériques, GEISA)2.
Tran: Yes, he is the director of the laboratory as well and we arein the same group.
Yokota: When you were in university and went to Paris, whatkinds of molecule spectroscopy were you involved with?
Tran: I was interested in the spectral line shape of molecules of
the atmosphere for example CO2, O2, and many other molecules
present in the atmosphere.
Yokota: What is the motivation to study molecular physics andspectroscopy?
Tran: Hmm, good question. I love physics. And I also met somepeople like Dr. Jeanine Bonamy and Dr. Daniel Robert when I
was in Besançon. They have the "French school" of molecularphysics, especially in "line shape" theory in Besançon and then I
had very good professors who made me love molecular physics
and spectroscopy.
Yokota: Have you ever been involved with satellite sensor
projects?
Tran: When I was at LPMAA, I worked with Dr. Claude Camy-

Peyret and Dr. Sébastien Payan, and they had a project with
the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), a satellite
project, Tropospheric composition and Air Quality (TRAQ), but
unfortunately, it did not work. In fact, I am not really involved insatellite projects, but more in spectroscopy in laboratories.
Yokota: Are you going to continue your work in molecular
spectroscopy?
Tran: Yes, and currently, with Dr. Jean-Michel Hartmann we plan
to develop some models of line shape including line mixing
and velocity effects by using molecular dynamic simulations forexampleYokota: I think it's a very important field. Very many researchers
have demands and requests for new data.
Tran: For understanding, this is important. Application (of thedata) is the most important, of course, but understanding theprocess is very important, too.
Yokota: What is your expectation and impression of the GOSAT
Project here?
Tran: Ver y huge. "IBUKI" is the f irst satellite devoted togreenhouse gases measurement with high resolution, so I
think that data and spectra provided by "IBUKI" motivate us
for our spectroscopy studies. The aim of GOSAT is to measuregreenhouse gases amounts in our atmosphere with very highprecision then we need very accurate line parameters and line
shape. So, I am very pleased to be invited by you here.
Yokota: Well, thank you for coming here. I hear this is your first
visit to Japan. What do you think about Japan?
Tran: I really like it. For me, Japan is very modern, but also it isvery traditional and Japanese people are very kind and polite.
I hope I can visit some shrines or monuments this weekend inTokyo... (Dr. Tran visited some shrines during her weekend inTokyo, and says she appreciated that experience very much.)

1 HITRAN is a database on absorption lines’ locations, intensities, etc. of gas
molecules, and developed by U.S. Air Force's laboratories since 1973. Its 2008
edition contains 2,713,968 absorption lines for 39 different gas molecules.
Each datum includes transition wavenumber, line intensity, Lorentzian halfwidths, and lower-state energy etc.
2 GEISA is a database developed by CNRS since 1976. Its 2009 edition
contains 3,807,997 absorption lines for 50 different gas molecules.

5­­Line shape: Measured by a high-resolution spectrometer, sunlight thattraveled through the atmosphere has absorption lines because the gas
molecules in the atmosphere such as CO2 absorb the light at certain
wavenumber. In the actual atmosphere the absorption lines are broadened
because of the Doppler effect and collisions with other gas molecules. The
shape of absorption lines including such effect of broadening is called "lineshape."
Line mixing: When an absorption line is far from the other lines, the line
shape can be approximated by an analytical function. However, whenabsorption lines are close to each other, the shape can differ from the shapeoverlaid using these analytical functions. The effect that generates thisdifference is called "line mixing." Because of line mixing, the absorption isless prominent at the wings of the absorption lines.
TANSO-FTS measures the sunlight at a high-spectral resolution. If thedata is analyzed ignoring line mixing, there will be errors in the retrieved
column amounts of greenhouse gases. This is the reason why it is important
to employ very accurate information on line shape and line mixing in the
GOSAT data analysis.
—Yukio Yoshida NIES Special Researcher,
Satellite Remote Sensing Research Section, CGER, NIESNIES GOSAT PROJECT NEWSLETTER ISSUE#4 APR. 2010DATA PRODUCTS UPDATE

Data Processing Status Update from GOSAT Project Office— Fumie Kawazoe, Specialist, NIES GOSAT Project Office
Here we report an update on dataprocessing status for the month of March, 2010.
Continued from February, the data before
March 16, 2010, were processed as V080080
for FTS L1B, as V00.80 for CAI L1B, L1B+, and L2
cloud flag, and all of these data products areavailable to the public. The data after March 16,
2010, were processed as V100100 for FTS L1B,
and as V00.90 for CAI L1B, L1B+, L2 cloud flag,and these are all available to the public.
As for FTS L2 SWIR CO 2 and CH 4 column
amounts, the data from February were
processed as V00.80 and are available to the
public. The data between March 1 and 16, arebeing processed as V00.80, and then after March
16 as V00.90. The number of the registeredgeneral users reached 707 as of April 8, 2010.

INFORMATION

Presentations at Domestic Academic Conferences

NIES GOSAT Project members will be attending several domestic academic conferences held in May to report the research achievements.
Name of Academic Conference

Location

Date

Title

Presenter/Author

15th International Workshop
on Atmospheric Science fromSpace using Fourier Transform
Spectrometry (ASSFTS15)

Nara Women's University,
Nara, Japan

5/11-13Retrieval of column abundances ofcarbon dioxide and methane from GOSAT
observational data.

Tatsuya Yokota

The 10th Symposium on
Molecular Spectroscopy

Guraduate School of Scienceand Engineering,Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tokyo, Japan

5/14-15

Observation of greenhouse gases using
the Fourier Transfer Spectrometer onboard
GOSAT(Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite)
and its data validation.

Isamu Morino

The Meteorological Society ofJapan 2010 Spring Meeting

National Olympics Memorial
Youth CenterTokyo, Japan

5/23-26

A high-resolution global inventory of fossil
fuel CO2 emission derived using a global
power plant database and satellite-observednightlight data.

Tomohiro Oda (author)
Shamil Maksyutov（presenter）

The 48th Spring Conferenceof the Remote Sensing Societyof JapanNational Institute ofAdvanced Industrial Scienceand Technology (AIST)
Tsukuba, Japan

5/27-28

Current status of GOSAT data processing anddistribution.

Hiroshi Watanabe

CALENDAR other future events

2010/05/02-07
Presentation at the EGU General Assembly 2010 held in Vienna, Austria.
2010/05/31-06/07 Presentation at the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change Infrared Working Group (NDACC IRWG)・
Total Carbon Column Observation Network (TCCON) Meeting held in Wollongong, Australia.
2010/06/14-15
Presentation at the 32nd Review of Atmospheric Transmission Models Meeting held in Lexington, Massachusetts, USA.
2010/06/16-18
Presentation at the11th Biennial HITRAN Conference (with 10th ASA Conference) held at Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,
Cambridge, USA.

NIES GOSAT PROJECT NEWSLETTERISSUE #4 APR. 2010

Issued On : 2010.4.30

edited and published by : NIES GOSAT Project Oﬃce

NIES

GOSJ ATPRO ECT
NEWSL ETTER

email : gosat̲newsletter@nies.go.jp

Revised On : 2010.5.18

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