fJ -rt~ ~.t. ~ '¥ ~•.:&-· i~f

Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 11

Palaeontological Society of Japan
September 30, 1953

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
234. Miocene Foraminifera from the Honya Shale, Juhan Coal-Field ........... .
.. . ... .. . ... .. . ... .. . ... .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... .. . ... .. . .. . ... .. . .. . .. . .. . Kiyoshi AsANo 55
235. Neogene Echinoids from Gifu Prefecture ..................... Akira MoRISHITA 61
236. On Some Reticulate Spiriferidae ....
237.

.................. Masao MINATO 65

On the Pectetz notoensis Yoi<oY AMA (On the Miocene Pectinidae fromthe Environs of Sendai, Part 2) ...... Kotara HATAI & Koichiro MAsUDA

75

Publications received .. . ... ... .. . ... ... ... . .. ... ... .. . .. . ... .. . ... ... .. . ... .. . ... ... ... .. . ... ...

60

Errata to Arts. 231 & 232 of No. 10 ... ... ... ... ... ... . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..

74

President:

Hisakatsu YABE

Councillors:

Kiyoshi AsAt.;o, Riuji E:--wo

ENDO, Haruyoshi FuJIMOTo,(Business and Accountant), Seido

Shoshiro

HANZAWA, Ichiro

HAYASAKA,

Nobuo li<EBE, Teiichi KoBAyAsHI (Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro
MATsuMoTo, Tsuneteru OINOMIKAoo (Publication), Tokio SHIKAMA,
Koiti SuzuKI, Fuyuji TAKA! (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YABE.

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONT<?LOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculity of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S. No. ll, pp. 55-59, 11 text. figs., Sept. 30. 1953

234. MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM THE HONYA SHALEJC>BAN COAL-FIELD*'KIYOSHI ASANO
Contribution from the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University·fri 7J:~Ifl 4.: ft. iW v.>rf1L.!b.ft.:fi : ~ rll3CIJIW!IIf.ti!f.&v:ii f. Ill fir f, llf.J" i/.[Q)*ii- Ji:'til!• tc ~ t .ft.~~HL.!l!.{L::ti Ulf'$1: L, rtli1i Q) ~ c. h -r:tl >I{- JJ :.- ?"QJjtf'i£} t~ff~ L i!i4:mt Ul~ t t: o 1ffL.!Uft~fl J:
IJ <IJ. t.::i~~irnHI::I.t. II{ rL"{,:QJ !'f.',(!';((~~ ~!t ~;ft. Q .: 1: l>.V: T .< !J 11 ~tl!!l#i~:f!I!~QJ rp ~rpWJ( !Itt:
fU:§i'"QtQJ~:,t .. ·.:.c~·b.lfl'irrffl:rJt$1:~X..b;tt.o 0 i~ !J!f(,li

the environs of Taira City at the northto Ena-machi at the south of the TairaEna district.
The Honya shale, consisting of mainly
bluish-gray or white, thick-bedded shalewith incoherent sandstone at the base.
contains abundant Foraminifera at
Yagawase, just south of Taira City
(Lat. 37° 2' 4011 N., Long. 140° 54' E.),but few at Kamikuramochi, Kashimamura (Lat. 36° 59 1 11) 11 N., Long. 140°
56' 30'' E.) and at Ena-machi (Lat. 36°
58' 40" N., Long. 140" 57 1 30" E.). The
Foraminifera from the boring core drilled into the Honya shale at Yagawase
by the Coal Exploration Advancement
Committee of Japan was compared withthe present material.
The Foraminifera from the Yagawase
cores are scattered uniformly throughout the shale, occurring from the depthof 1'~5 meters to the surface (Table 1).
This thickness nearly corresponds tothe total of the Honya shale atYagawase.
The foraminiferal fauna from the
Honya shale at Yagawase consists of
28 sp~cies, of which neritic or bathyalforms
asBulimina,
Valvt4litzeria.
Cassidulina, Bolivina, Virgulitza andIntroduction
The foraminiferal fauna discussed
herein was collected from the Miocene
Honya shale of the Yunagaya group by
Mr. Y. KAMADA of the Institute ofGeology and Paleontology, T6toku University during his geological survey of
the Taira-Ena district, Fukushima Prefecture.
The fauna is of interest from thestandpoint of correlation between the
Tertiary formations of the Pacific andJapan Sea coastal areas of Northern
japan.
Here, the writer expresses his cordial
thanks to Mr. Yasuhiko KAMADA for
submitting his collection to the present
study.
Faunal Consideration
As the Tertiary stratigraphy of theJ6ban Coal-field has been studied bymany authors and was reviewed by Mr.
]. IWAI (1950), the writer devotes thispaper to the stratigraphical significanceof the smaller Foraminifera of the
Honya shale which is distributed from* Read Sept. 27. 1952; received St>pt. 19. 1952.
55

56

Kiyoshi ASANO
Table 1.

Foraminifera from the Honya shale at Yagawase, Taira City.
(Neritic to Bathyal facies)
Depth of Core·sample
70rn.
125m.

A noma/ina sp................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................... .
Bo!lt•ina marginala ......................................... .
Eo/it• ina sp ...................................................... .
Bulimina ovata ............................................... .
Cassidulina laevigata carina/a ............................. .
Cibicides cf. florida nus ...................................... .
Cyclam mina incisa ....... .................................. .
Dentalina sp .................................................. .
Elphidium cf. yumotoense ............................... ..
Entosolenia hexogona ...................................... .
Epistomilll!lla joponica ...................................... .
EP01zides umbonalus . ................... ·.................... .
G/obigerina spp................................................ .
Hap/ophragmoides comPressa ............................. .
Hap/oPhrogmoides tmllisatum .......................... .
Lagena striata ...... ............................................ .
Jo.fartinottie/la communis ................................... .
1-lonion sp. ·: .................................................. ..
Nodosaria sp................................................... .
Pullenia salisburyi ............................................ .
Quinqueloculi1w ak11eriana ............................... .
Robulus llikoboreiJsis ........................................ .
Rotalia beccarii honyaensis ................................ .
Sphacroidina comPacta ...................................... .
SpiroPicctammina niigataensis .......................... .
ValV!tlilleria sadonica ..................... .................... .
VirgulhiO honyaensis ...... ................................... .

A: Abundant, C: Common,

Cyclammina are most common.

The
fine grained sediments and the absenceof carbonaceous material indicate also
deposition in the medium·depth zones
off the coast.
Foraminifera from Kamikuramochi
and Ena (Table 2), on the contrary,consists mainly of shallow water forms,
such as Rotalia and Nonion.
The
environment of these genera agree withthe mega-fossils from these localities.which are also of shallow , habitat.(KAMADA's verbal communication).

F: Few,

From
the Surface
R

F

F
F

F

c

c

R
R

R
F

F
F
R

c
R

F

R
F
R
F

c
R
R
R
F
F

R
F

F

R

R

R

R

F
R
R
F
R
R
F
R

F
F

c

R

F

R

R

R

R

R

R

F
R

F
R
A

F

R: RareTable 2. Foraminifera from the Honya shaleat Kashim1·mura, Fukushima Prefecture.
(Littoral facies)
Kamikura·mochi
B111imina ovala .. . . .. . . . . . ... . . . . .. .. . .
R
Epistomi11ella jaPo11ica . . . . .. .. . . ..
R
Nonion akitaense .. .... ............ ...
No11ion jaPo11icum ................ ..
R
Nonio11ella mioce11ica .............. .
F
Quinquelocu/illa sp ................. ..
R
Rotalia beccarii ho11yae11sis ..... .
A

Ena

R

F
F
R

c

A : Abundant, C: Common, F: Few. R: Rrre

Miocene Foraminifera from the Honya Shale, Joban Coal·fieldThus, it can be said that the environ·ment of the Honya shale was deeper in
the northern part than in the south·
eastern part.
Age Consideration

The present fauna can be used tocorrdate the Tertiary formations of the
Joban Coal-field with those of the oil·fields of Akita, Yamagata and Niigata
Prefectures.

Bolivina
marginata,
Cassidulina
laevigata carirzata, Spiroplectammina
rziigataensis,
Nonionella
miocenica,
Valvulineria sadmzica, Bulimirw ovata,
Robulus nikobarensis and Cibicides cf.
floridattus first appear in the Honya
shale and mGst of them continue
upwards into the overlying marine
formations, extending their ranges evenup to the Kokozura formation (K.
A5ANo, 1949).
Similar stratigraphic
occurrences of these speci£S are foundfrom the Funakawa black shale to theoverlying Kitaura formation in Akita
and Yamagata Prefectures.
These
Tertiary formations of the oilfields justmentioned are geosynclinal in natureand therefore, characteristic species
additional to those above-mentioned OC·
cur in association.
The facts presented suggest that the
Honya shale may be correlated to the
Funakawa formation.
Characteristic species of the Honya
shale are also found in the Temblor
and Astoria formations in Oregon,
Washington ani California. Although
it is difficult to correlate the present
fauna to those of such remote areas,
the geological age of the Honya shale
may be close to that of the Temblor
or Astoria.* This view was. first suggested by the evidence of the molluscan
fossils (K. KANF.HARA, 1937 ).

57

Description of New Species

Virgulina honyaerzsis AsANo, n. sp.
Text-fig. 6

Test elongate, slender, not compressed,
both ends rounded, greatest breadthnear the middle, earliest part somewhat
twisted, later biserial ; chambers in·flated, increasing gradually in heightand ·length as added; sutures distinct,
depressed ; wall smooth, finely perforate;
aperture elongate, narrow. Length up
to 1.2 mm., breadth about 0.3 mm.
Holotype: Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Tohoku University co:!.
cat. no. 75290. Yagawase, south of
Taira City (Lat. 37° 21 40' 1 N., Long.
140" 5,1' E.), Honya shale, Middle
Miocene.
Remarks: Differs from both V. ishiki·
ensis AsANo and V. complatta/a EGGER
by the subcylindricat test which is nottapering. This is only found at thetype locality.

Rotalia beccarii Jzonyaensis
AsANO, n. subsp.
Text-figs. lla -c

Test biconvex, dorsal side moreconvex, periphery broadly rounded,composed of about 4 whorls; chambers
inflated, 8 to 10 in last whorl ; sutures
not limbate, depressed, gently curved,
somewhat excavated near umbilicus,
which is not clearly granulated; wall
*According to J. A. CUSHMAN and R. E. and
K. C. STEW ART, from 1848 to about 1918
the Astoria was variously assigned to Eocene,
Oligocene and Miocene, but during the past
25 or 30 years the Miocene age has been
generally accepted and research has indicatedthat the Astoria formation belongs in the
Middle lViocene.

Kiyoshi ASANO

58

smooth; aperture a narrow slit at inner
margin of apertural face. Diameter up
to 1 mm.
Holotype : Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Tohoku University coiLcat. no. 75291. 1 km. southeast of Kamikuramochi, Kashima-mura, Fukushima
Prefecture (Lat. 36° 591 10'' N., Long.
140" 56' 30" E.). Honya shale. Middle
Miocene.
Remarks: Differs from both R.
tochigiensis Ucmo and R. yubariensis
As.-\Ko by the characters of the umbilicalregion on the ventral side of test. Thisis a common species in the Honya shaleof the southeastern part of the TairaEna district.
References
AsA:\0, K., (1949), New Miocene Foraminiferafrom Japan. ]oum. Paleont., vol. 23, pp.
423-430, 2 text-figs.
- - . ( 1949), Foraminifera from the Asagai
Formation of Fukushima Prtfecture, japan.
ibid., vol. 23, pp. 473-478, 2 text-figs.

CUSHMA~.

). A. and PARKER, F. L .. (1931),
Miccene Foraminifera from the Temblorof the East Side of the San joaquin Valley,
California. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.
Contr., vol. 7, pp. 1-16. pis. 1-3.
CuSHMAN, ). A. and STE.WART. R. E. and K. C.,(1947), Five Pap!'rs of Foraminifera fromthe Tertiary of Western Oregon. Oregon
DePt. Ceo/. Min. ind., Bull. 36, pp. 1-110,
pis. 1-13.
KLEINPELL, R. M., (1938), Miocene Stratigraphy of California. Am. Assoc. Petr.
Ceo/., pp. 1-450, pis. 1 22.
KANEHARA, K., (1937), Miocene Shells fromthe Johan Coal-field. Bull. imp. Ceo!. Surv.
JaPan. vol. 27. no. 1. pp. 1-21. pis. 1-5.
IWAI, )., (1950), Kameno-o Formation of the)oban Coal-field. Short Papers, bzst. Ceo/.
Pal., Tohoku Univ.. no. 1, pp. 59-77, 2
text-figs.
RAU, W. W., (1948). Foraminifera from the
Miocene Astroria Formation in Southwestern Washington. ]oum. Paleout., <'ol.
22. pp. 774-782, pl. 119.
- - , (1951), Tertiary Foraminifera from theWillapa River Valley of Southwest Washington. Ibid., vol. 25, pp. 417-453, pis.
63-67.

Explanation of Text-figures
Figs. 1. 2.
Figs. 3 a. b.
Fig. 4.
Figs. 5 a-c.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Figs. 8 a. b.
Figs. 9 a, b.
Figs. 10 a-c.
Figs. l l a-c.

SpiroPiectammina niigataemis ASANO and lNOMATA Yagawase, Taira City. x30
Robulus nikobarensis (ScHwAGER) Yagawase, Taira City. x30
Bulimina ovata n'ORIHGNY Yagawase. Taira City. x 40
Cibicides cf. florida1ms (CUSHMAN) Yagawase, Taira City. x 30
Virguliua honyaensis ASANo. n. sp. Yagawase, Taira City. x 40
Bo/ivi11a marginata CUSHMAN Yagawase. Taira City x 40
ElPhidium ct. yumotoense ASA NO Yagawase. Taira City. x 40
Cassidulitza laevigata carina/a CUSHMAN Yagawase, Taira City. x40
Nonionella miocenica CuSHMA!\ Yagawa'se, Taira City. x 30
Rotalia beccarii honyaensis ASAt\0. n. subsp. Kamikuramochi, Kashima-mura. x30

A:SAKO:r\fl~-

Miocene Foraminifera from the Honya Shale, ]oban Coal-field

Q~

8 b
8 a
9 a

~- 9
~

10
7

10 a

10 b
10 c

11 a

llb

llc

59

60

Publications Received

PUBLICATIONS RECELVED ( 4)

NumberSpath. L. F.: A New Tithonian Ammonoid Fauna from Kurdistan Northern
Iraq. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist .. Geol.,Vol. 1. No 4. 1950.
944. Withers. T. H.: Cretaceous and Eocene
Peduncles of the Cirripedc Euscalpellum.
Ibid., Vol. 1, No. 5, 1951.
945. Withers. T. H.: Some Jurassic and Cretaceous Crabs ( Prosoponidae). Ibid , Vol.
1. No. 6, 1951.
946. Croft. W. N.:
A N.:w Tro::hiliscus(Charophyta) from the Downtonian of
Podolia. Ibid .. Vol. l, No. 7, 1932.
9-17. Grimsdale. T. F.: Cretaceous and Tertiary Foraminifera from the Middle East.
Ibid., Vol. 1, No. 8, 1952.
948. White, E. : Au3tralian Arthrodires. Ibid.,
Vol. 1. Vo. 9, 1952.
949. jfi!;(7ilf?/ltfl~ No. 26, 19S2.
950. Jl!;ff;7ilf~. Vol. 2. No. 3, 1952.
951. Ibid. Vol. 2, No. 4, 1952. ·952. Ibid. Vol. 2, No. 5, 1952. •953. Howell. B. F.:
Four New Devonian
Sponges from Western Australia. Bull.
Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Vol. 27. No. 1,
1952.
954. Howell. B. F.: New Lower C.1mbrian
Hyolithes and Brachiopod from Alberta.
Ibid., Vol. 27, No. 2. 1952.
955. Howell, B.F. : Calcareous Algae as Index
Fossils. Palaeobotanist, Vol. 1.
956. The American Midland Naturalist. Vol.
25, No. 3, 1941.
957. Lonsdal£>,]. T.: Contributions to Geology.
1944. Univ. Texas Pub!. No. 4401, 1945.
958. Macdonald, G. A. :Geology of theWestern Sierra Nevada between theKings and Sanjoaquin Rivers. California.
Univ. California Pub!. Bull. Dept. Geol.
Sci. Vol. 26. No. 2. pp. 215-286. 1941.
959. Downs. T. : A new Mastodont from the913.

Miocene of Oregon with Remarks on
Ibid. Vol. 29, No. 1,
pp. 1-20. 1952.
W111iams, H. : The Great Eruption ofCos£quina. Nicaragua. in 1835 with Notes
on the 1\icaraguan Volcanic Chain. Ibid.
Vol. 29. No. 2. pp. 21-46, 1952.
Welles. S. P.: A Review of the North
American Cretaceous Et,.smosaums. Ibid.
Vol. 29, No. 3. pp. 47-144. 1952.
Whittard. W. F.: Cyclopygid Trilobitesfrom Girvan and a Note on Bohemilla.
Bull. British Mus. (Natur. Hist.) Geol.
Vol. I. No. 10, 1952.
Rocznik Folskiego Towarz:1ystwa Geologicznego. Vol. 21, No. 3, 1952.
Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum.
Bd. 1. Stuk 2. 1952.
Ma, T. W. H.: Subaerial Frosions andAmounts of Sliding of the Rigid Shell of
the Globe in the Pacific Basin Since theEnd of the Cretaceous. Oceanogr. Sinica.

Gomphothcrium.

960.

961.

962.

963.
964.
965.

966.

lt!::i..iti!W~.~;w. ~=(i!]l'fJ.il!'tlEW!J< (ttlil'Z.

967.

~&). 1953.
Jf!!::i.Jl!!.'litie\ffliiill. ~=!lil"'lfllillE~~ (t.fii!HZ.
rul). 1953.

968.

J[§.ll!!.iUI;~;:{· J.it=l!!l"'J!f:IJiE~~ (:jtjjfiz

969.

:lt.fH:k~fii!.~'Fl~J*i!~ff!:). 1953
Ser. D. VoL III. No.

3. 1952.
970.

Ibid.
4, 1952.

971.

Jl!~l:.7ilf~ Vol. 2, No. 6, 1952.
Vol. 3. No. 1. 1953.
Ibid.
VoL 3, No. 2. 1953.
Ibid.
Gazin. C. L.: The Lower Eocene Knight
Formation of Western Wyoming and its
Mammalian Faunas. Smithon. Miscell.
Coli. Vol. 117. No. 18, 1952

972.
973.

974.

Ser. D. VoL Ill, No.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S. No. ll, pp. 61-64, Pl. 6. Sept. 30, 1953

235.

NEOGENE ECHINOIDS FROM GIFU PREFECTURE, JAPAN*
AKIRA MORISHITA
Kyoto University~t.!jl.l}j!;.~ir~::*alf)ft?jmMfjij{:~:liJiJ.iJil:±~..l(llf> ~~~~~r i!tfflQ;J ;m~.:::.

* .mu1 tc.t !JL

m~ft."1iEchiltocyamus crispus MAZZETTI, AstriclyPeus matmi VERRILL. Astriclypeus manni minomsis
MoRISHITA, Schizaster sp. ~ ~d~ L. 1~ "< V"Jpi1/Iill't!{ll.&V:jl;:ffft1; 2: ~JJG'ji1:: -;- ~ o ~
.\t,

-r

Some fossil specimens of echinoids
from Mizunami·Machi, Gifu Prefecture
are at my disposal. Kaz·.1o HuziTA andSunao OcosE have worked out the
Tertiary stratigraphy of this district indetail. The following species and subspecies are identified : Echinocyanms

crispusPl. 6,

Figs. 4, 5

Echi11ocyamus crisPus, H. L. CLARK:
Hawaiian Ech .. p. 62
1933 Echi110Cyamus crispus, S. NISIYAMA:
Iwanami-Koza, p, 46. figs. 57 A-D
1937. Fibularia crispa, ]EANNET & MARTIN:
Leidsche Geol. Mcdedeel.. VIII. 2. p 239
1948. Echiuocyamus crisPus, TH. MoRTEN·
SEN: Monograph IV 2. p. 185, pl. XLVI,
figs. ·16. 47. 55

1914.

Astriclypeus mamzi
Astriclypeus manni minoensis
MoRISHITA and Schizaster sp.
Echinocyamus has never been reported
MAZZETTI,VERRILL,

Description-The test is small, pentagonal, and pointed in the anterior
ambitus. The abactimil surface israther fbt, and less elevated than infrom Japan, except a discovery in Ryukyu Islands. Schizaster has been discovered in various localities of Japan.
Many specimens of this genus fromother localities are now under examination. The result will be published innear future.
Asf1·iclypeus has been
known in general to occur in the Miocene rocks of this country.
I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Professor Jiro l'viAKIYAMA of
Kyoto University for his kind revision
of English and to Mr. Kazuo HuziTA ofOsaka City University, Mr. Sunao OcosEof University of Tokyo and Mr. Junji
horGAWA of Kyoto University for theirkind offers of the specimens.

Fibularia.

Description of Species.

The ambulacral petals are welldeveloped, with 14 pore-pairs; the poresare round.
Each ambulacrum usually reaches to the 2/3 length ofradius. The posterior ambulacral petals
are somewhat longer than the otherthree. Each petal gets outside tillthe 1/4 length of it from the apicalsystem, afterwards parallel, and open
at the extremity.
The apical system is subcentral, alittle anteriorly. The genital pores andmadreporite are indistinct.
The tubercles of abactinal side arerather large.

Echinocyamus crispus M,\ZZETTI* Read Sept. 27. 1952; received Oct. 1, 1952.
61

Akira MORISHITA

62
lvfcasuremellls :-(in mm.)Specimen A
Specimen B

Length

Width

22

15
7.5

13.4

Astric/ypeus mamti, I. HAY!\SAKA:
Acta Geologica Taiwmlica, vol. 1, no. 2.

194-8.

Astric/ypeus manni, Til. MORTENSEN:
MonograPh JV-2, p. 416, pis. 59, figs.

1949.

AstriclyPeus mauni, A. MoRISHITA:] our. Geol. Soc. f ap 111. vol. 55. p. 256
AstriclyPeus manni, A. MORISHITA:
Mimz. Col/. Sci , Kyoto Univ., ser. B. vol.

p. 116, pis. 12 (2), 13 (1). 14 (1 ). 15 (1)Observation- The material at mydisposal consists of two inner moulds ofthe abactinal side, of which the smaller
one is poorly preserved, but the larger
one shows considerably distinct ambu·
lacral areas.
These specimens are more or less resembling Fibularia australis DESMoULINS, but differ from it in the flattened
test, the shorter ambulacra, and thelonger posterior paired ambulacra. This
species had been discovered in the
Ryukyu Limestone of Ryukyu Islands.
Geological Horizon- Oidawara Tuffaceous Mudstone. (Upper Miocene, G)
Locality- lchihara,
Mizunami-TokiMachi, Toki-Gun, Gifu Prefecture.
Associated Fatma-Afacoma tokyoensis
MAK!1AMA.

Astriclypeus mmmi VERRILL
Pl. 6,

1947.

Fig. a.4striclyPeus ma1111i. L. DoDERLEIN:
Arch. f. Naturgesclz .. LI, 1, p. 35
1900. AstriclyPeus mamzi, S. YoSHIWARt\ :Zoo!. Mag., t•o/. 12, p. 393. pl. 16, figs.

1885.

11. 12Astriclypeus mamzi, K. ONODA: Japan.
four. Zoo!., Vol. 8, no. 1, p. 8
1939. Astric!ypeus mamzi, H. IKEDA: ]our.
Dep. Agr. Kyusyu Imp. Utzi~>., vol. 6,

1-3; 62, fig. 1 ; 72, figs. 17, 18. 20, 21

1952.

20, no. 2, art. 7. p. 109. table 1. pl. 11,
fig. 2

Description-The test is thin, with asub.pentagonal outline.
The apicalsystem is at the centre of test.
The paired ambulacral petals arenearly equal in length and width ; theodd one is more or Jess larger than theother four ; all the ambulacral petals
are closed at the extremities. The
poriferous zone of each ambulacral
petals is broad. The lunule situates atthe extremity of each ambulacrum.
The actina! surface is flat. The
actinal furrows are very distinct.
Observation-Only a complete specimen and several fragments of thisspecies are at hand. This only specimen
was compared with Astriclypeus mmmi
minoensis in a former paper. (A. MoRI·SHITA, Mem. Coil. Sci., Kyoto Univ.,
1952) The other specimens from this
district seem to be somewhat larger.

1938.

llfcasuremcnts :-(in mm.)Longitudinal Diameter 118
Transverse Diameter 129
Height 14

pis. 2 (8-11). 3 (6-7), 12 (9). 13 (·1-6)
Ambulacrum
Length of Petal
Width of Petal
Length of Lunule
Width of Lunule
Width of Interporiferous Zone
Interval of Petal & Lunule

27
14

21
,.,,.,
1.1

5.7
3.5

II

lU

IV

v

28
13.5
18
7.7
5
3.5

29
14.5
16.2
6.5
5
3

28
1·l
17.5
7.2
5
3

28
14
18
6
5
3

63

Neogene EchinOids from 'Gifu Prefecture, Japan

Geological Horizot%-Shukunohora Sal'ld·
stone. (Mid. Miocene, F 2-F3 )Locality--Shukunohora, Hiyoshi-Mura,
Toki-Gun, Gifu Prefecture.

Associated Forma- Opercu/it%a comPlanata japonica HASZAWA, Jl!Jiogypsit%a
kotoi HANZAWA.
Asi1-iclypeus mmmi minoet%sis
MoRISHITA

Pl. 6.

Figs. I, 2

1952. Astric!ypeus mamzi minomsis. A. MoRISHITA: Mem. Col/. Sd., Kyoto Univ ..
ser. B. vol. 20. no. 2. art. 7, p. 11.
fig. 1This specimen is same as one of myoriginal description.
Geological Horizon-Shukunohora Sandstone, (Mid. Miocene, F 2-F3 )Associated Fauna-Same as Astricly-

peus mamzi.

Meastirements :•(in mm.)

LengthWidth
Height

39.2
37.0
21.8

Observatiot%-As the only one specimen
at my disposal shows merely the oatlineof test and the paired ambulacra,
though it appears differing from otherforms of the genus, proposal of a new
species is postponed.
There are two living species, Schizasterjaponicus, Schizaster ventricosus and two
fossil species, Schizaster t·ecticanalis,
Sclzizaster tzummuliticrts in Japan. The
present form differs from these species
in various characters, for instance,
differing from Sch. recticana/is in thestraight postero-lateral ambulacra.
Geological Horizon- Oidawara Tuf ·faceous Mudstone. (Upper Miocene, G)
Locality- Dan, Mizunami-Toki-Machi,
Toki·Gun, Gifu Prefecture.
Associated Fauna- Yoldia laudabilis
YoKOYAMA.

Schizaster sp. indet.
Pl. 6.

Fig. 6

Description-The test is cordiform inoutline and rather low in height. The
abactinal surface is elevated to thecentre from the ambitus, forming asteep slope in the ambitus. The apicalsystem eccentric posteriorly, sitmrtingin 2/5 of the longitudinal diameter.
The anterior groove is shallow. All
the ambulacra are petaloid and straight,
reaching in 2/3 of the radius of test.
The posterior paired petals forming anangle of about 70° one another, are very
short and about one half of the lengthof the anterior paired ones. The interambulacrum V is slightly elevatedmaking a keel-like ridge. The peripetalous and lateral fascioles areindistinct.

References
CLARK, H. L. (1914):

Hawaiian Echini. Clypeastridae- Scutellidae.
DoDERLEIN. L (1885): Seeigel von Japan u.
d. Liukiu Inseln. Arch. /. Nafurgesch .. Ll,
1
HAYASAKA, I. (19,17): Notes on Some Fossil
Echinoids of Taiwan. HI. Acta Geologica
Taiwat~ica, vol. 1. no. 2.
HUZITA, K. & 0GOSF., S (1950): Lithologic
Classification of the Cenozoic Strata in the
Northern Area of Mizunami-Machi, Tok.iGun. Gifu Prefecture. Japan. ]our. Geol.
Soc. JaPan. vol. 56. no. 662.
IKEDA, H. (1939): Studies on the Pseudofasciole of the Scutellids. ]our. Dep. Agr.
Kyusyu Imp. Univ., vo/. 6.
jEAN NET. A. u. MARTIN. R. (1937): Ueber
Neozoische Echinoidea aus dem Nieder·
landisch-lndischen Archipel. uidsche Ceo·
logische Mededeelingeu, 8, 2.

64

Akira MORISHITAMoRISHITA, A. (1949): Neogene Echinoids
from Ishikawa and Toyama Prefectures.
]our. Geo/. Soc. JaPan, vo/. 55.
- - , (1952): Fossil AstriclyPeus from Japan.
Mem. Col/. Sci., Kyoto Univ., ser. B, vol.
20, no. 2, art. 7.
MORTENSEN, Til. (1948): A Monograph of
the Echinoidea, IV-2 (Ciypeastroida).

NISIYAMA, S. (1933): Echinodermata, lwanomi-Koza (Manual of Geology andPalaeontology).
ONoDA, K. (1938): Notes on the Development of Some Japanese Echinoids. ]aPatz.
]our. Zoo/., vol. 8, no. 1.
YOSHIWARA. S. (1900): Japanese Echini.
Zoo/. Mag., vol. 12.

Explanation of Plate 6
Fig. 1.
·Fig, 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
·Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.

Astric/ypeus mmmi mitwensis MoRISHITA, in Shukunohora 5andstone. Abactinal Side.
x3/5
AstriclyPeus mmmi mi71oCJISis MoRISHITA, in Shukunohora Sandstone. Abactinal Side.
xl/2
Astriclypeus nzamzi VERRILL, in Shukunohora Sandstone. Abactinal Side. X 3/5
Echinocyamus crisPus MAZZETTI, in Oidawara Tuffaceous Mudstone. Abactinal Inner
Mould. Nat. Size.
Echinocyamus crisPus MAZZETTI. Same Specimen as Fig. 4. x 2.
Schizasler sp., in Oidawara Tuflaceous Mudstone. Abactinal Side. x 3/4

MoRISH ITA : Neogene Echinoids from

4

6

Gifu Pref.

PLATE

6

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S. No. 11, pp. 65-73, 3 text-figs., Sept. 30, 1953

236. ON SOME RETICULATE SPIRIFERIDAE*
MASAO MINATO
Dep:ntment of Geology and Mineralogy, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University.
Sapporo, Japan.

52.t1- Reticularinae WAAGEN <r.>lfii.IHI{tc? t, .ijt:~H;'!o·U~I:ti t' o t <r.>.!:, ifiJtl~ <r.> loU~ I:;fj"f' o o.!: IC 2 ;kgtj L.

a & K\'&Jj{I!Jjl<r.>£~1~ J: -::><:/jl 5: !l}JIJ L ~oMarli11othyris, Co11drathyris, Nebenothyris <r.>iifl!l; a: tfi!.. ( ~PM !..1!: o

Squamularia GEMMELT.ARo 1899; Reticularia
M'Cov 1844; Georgethyris nov. Si11othyris nov.;
Phricodothyris GEORGE 1932. Martinothyrisnov.; Torynifer HALl. and CLARKE 1895; Kita.
kamithyris MINATO 1951; Spirelytlza FREDE·RICKS 1919; Co11drathyris nov.: and Nebe11othyris
nov. are treated in this note.

Georgethyris. Si11othyris,lE Itt~...... Phricodothyris GEoRGE, 1932; Lower
Carboniferous to PermianWith dental plates in ventral and socket plates
in dorsal valve ...... Martinothyris MINATO,.
nov.; Lower Carboniferous
With median septum in each valve ...... Nebenotlzyris MINATO, nov.; Lower Carbonife·rous to PermianWith dental plates and median septum inventral valve and median >eptum in thedorsal valve ......... Torynifer CLARKE and
HALL, 1895; Lower Carboniferous
With dental plates and mediam septum inventral valve but without an apical plates
in dorsal valve ...... Kitakamiihyris MINATO,
1951; Lower Carboniferous
With pseudospondylium ..... ... SPirelytha FREDERICI<S, 1919; PermianWith any apical plates in ventral valve butwith socket plates in dorsal valve .......... ..
Condratlzyris MINATO, nov.; Middle Carboniferous

There are two groups in the subfamily
Reticularinae WAAGRN in respect to thenature of spine bases which ornamentshell surface ; one group with uniramousspine bases, the other with biramous.
Several genera are also distinguished ineach of these groups based upon theapical stmcuture of shells. Thus thefollowing classification of this subfamily
is now presented.
I) With uniramous spine bases.
Without apical plates except delthyrial ridges............ Squamu/aria GEMMELLARO, 1899;
PermianWith parallel dental plates and median septum............ Reticularia M'Cov, 1844; Lower
Carboniferous
With divergent dental plates ..... Georgethyri~
MINATO, nov.; Lower Carboniferous
With median septum in ventral valve but lack·ing other plates ...... ... Sinothyris MIN ATo,nov.; Devonian

I)

Group with uniramous spine bases

Genus Squamularia GEMMEJ.LARo, 1899
No dental plates and no median
septum but with delthyrial ridges.
Genolectotype : Squamularia rotmzdata
GEMMELLARO, 1899

II) With biramous spine ba)iles.
Without dental plates and median septurr. ...

Genus Reticularia M'Cov, 1844
There are three species which havebeen regarded as genotypes of this* Read Dec. 12, 1951 ; received Nov. 6, 1!:152.
65

66

Masao MINATO

are Atzomiies lineata,
Terebratula im6ricata.· andl 'R'eticularia.
reticulata.
According to GEoRGE,l>
BucKMANN considered that Reticularia
reticulata, of which the specific namegenus, which

has the same meaning as the generic,must become automatically the genotype
by the Rules of Nomenclature. However" reticulata " is said to be not literally
the same word of " Reticularia" andthe original specimen of R. reticztlata
M'Cov, according to GEoRGE, was lost,
so we are at present unable to clarify
the specific distinction of this genus
from amongst the original syntypes of
M'Cov ; therefore R eticularia reliculata
spould not be used as a genotype, until
such time as the holotype be fou!ld.
Then the priority of designation become
the next problem. The matter is quite
important, because these two types of" lineata " and " imbric.•ta " are notcongeneric, as will be stated. According
to GEoRGE, Anomites litteata has quite
well developed dental plates, but no
median septum, while Terebratulaimbricata has median septum besides
the dental plates; moreover, hementioned that plates of the latter are
parallel in arrangement toward thefloor of the shell, instead of divergent
as in the former. W AAGEN, FREDERICKS
and others supposed Anomites lineata
to be a genotype of the genus

R eticularia.
However DAviDsoN was the first, so
far as the writer has been able to:(ind, who designated unequivocally
Tt;t·ebratula imbricata SoWERBY as thetype of Reticularia, instead of Anomites
lineal a M'Cov. The same view had
also been stated by GEORGE formerly.
Thus the genotype is determined: theoriginal description of M'Coy well cor:r.e~ponds· ~q the features of specimens~~signated b¥ GEoRGE as Reticularia

imbricata.
The original · description of M'Cov
runs as follows :" General character : Hinge line s'lorter than
the width of the shell; cardinal at a triangular;
cardinal angles very obtusely rounded ; mesial
fold very slightly raised or none : surface ornamented with eitht'r fine longitudinal or trans·verse striae, or most usually reticulated by
both; dental lamellae perfectly parallel.""This beautiful little group includes all thosespirifers analogous to S. imbricata, S. lineata,
S. microgemma, S. reliculata, S. decussata, etc.
having a reticulated or striated surface combinedwith the J;reneral form and cardinal area ofMartinia M'CoY, in which genus I formerly
placed them. although they o·,,·iously formed avery marked group. distinguishable by its sma'lsize, reticulated or striated surface, and very
remarkably by the entire absence of ·he mesial
fold in most species (in one or two species
which possess a trace of mesial fold, it is very~lightly elevated). 13ut the internal structure
which I have recently seen in three of thespecies presents a very distinct and importantcharact2r; the dental lamellae, instead of converging towards the beak (@ that is, having
diverge plates towards th~ floor of the shell)as in all other forms of SPirifer, are in thosespecimens perfectly parallel to each other andto the central septum, in their whole length.
The genus is Carbonifero-.:s and Devonian."Thus M'Cov laid special stress on thepossession of dental plates, which aredivergent towards the floor of the shell,to distinguish his newly establishedgenus, from allied genera. However
GEoRGE considered later on that theimportance of M'Coy's statement rests
only in its recognition of the development of dental plates, rather than in
1) GEORGE T. N.: The British Carboniferous
Reticulate Spiriferidae. Q ].G.S. London, vo/.
88 p. 516, 1932.

@) by the writer.

On Some Reticulate Spiriferidaeth~manner of their arrangement as
either parallel or divergent. The
present writer wishes to emphasize theimportance of M'Coy's diagnostic stateinent regarding the ma!mer of thedevelopment of dental plates.
The next problem is the surface
ornamentation of shell, especially in thespine base of the genotype. GEoRGE
formerly regarded to be important theshell surface of the genus Reticularia
with uniramous spines, instead of
biramous ones, though he was notentirely certain about it.
GEoRGE described the spine bases of
the genus Reticularia as follows: "Someof the ttodes are divided by a feeble
median furrow, and then distantly suggest the split spine-bases of species ofPhricodothyris."
This description may indicate, in thewriter's opinion, somewhat biramous
nature of the spines. Notwithstanding
this, GEoRGI-: also offered some remarksin the description of Reticularia Profectal>that these types of spine bases are quitedistinCt from the definite biramous spinesof Phricodothyris. His statement runs
as follows: " The ornament is. wellpreserved ott part of the shell. The
concetztric lamellae occur about 6 to 8 ina length of 10 mm. What appear to bebases of split sPines are well disPlayedon each lamella. These are by no means
comParable with the biramous spjne-basesof species of Phricodothyris, but are very
similar to those occurring 011 Reticularia
imbricata: that is, though divided
PostEriorly, the two elements appear tofuse along the atzterior border of thelamellae. There are about 15 of suchspine bases in a width of 10 mm."ofTherefore the !>pines of the genotype
the genus Reticttlaria may be

1)

GEORGE T N.: Q f.GS. vo/ .. 88, p. 565.

67

different from either the usual biramousor from the uniramous type, but they
may be grouped rather in the categoryof the latter type from GEoRGE's
observation ; the writer wishes here
follow his view.
Thus the diagnostic character of thegenus Reticularia may be summarized
as follows: brachythrid shell in form,
biconvex, hinge line shorter than thegreatest width, provided with dental
plates and median septum; the former
two arr<).nging in parallel but neither
divergent nor convergent toward thefloor of the ventral valve. The wholesurface is covered by concentric lamellae
with pustules which may possibly beuniramous.

···ct
·.~·
Fig. 1. Showing the spine bases on the shell
Kitakamithyris hikoroitie11sis
surface of(MI:-:ATO). Ca 12 times enlarged.

Genotype: Reticularia imbricata(M'CoY) 1844

Reticularia mesolobe <Pmu.tPs) may
belong to the same category of the
genotype of Reticularia in possession ofdental plates in parallel, although its
surface ornamentation, is not at all
known to me at present.
Other
reticuloid shells as GtWRGE designatedin the genus Reticularia may have

68

Masao MlNATo

uniramous spine bases. The dental
plates of some species among themshow slight divergence toward the floorof the ventral valve, especially at theapex of the valve. Moreover somespecies, such as R. alexandri, lacks
median septum and bears dental plates
divergent at an angle of about 20".
Such being the case, they may be more
precisely subdivisible in the genericrank, and may hold each its own
phylogenetic position regarding thedevelopment or arrangement of thedental plates as wellas medianseptum.
Here the writer proposes to separate
R. alexandri from the genus Reticularia,
and wishes to establish for it a new
genus Georgethyris MINATO.
Genus Georgethyris MISATo, nov.
Genotype : Reticularia alexandri
GEoRGE, 1932
The internal structure of this genus
is quite the same as that of genus
Eoreticularia but in the surface orna·
mentation they are different fromeach other, the latter being quite
deficient in every respect.
Genus Sinothyris M!NATo, nov.
Without dental plates but with median
septum in the ventral valve.
Genotype : Reticularia maurre£(HoLZAPFEL )1>
The surface ornamentation of theshells at this Species coincides well withthe usual reticulate spirifers but it is
without dental
plates.
Only theexistence of median septum is indicated,
There arc also rather strong radiating
vascular grooves represented by faintridges in the internal mold.

II)Group with biramous spine bases
Genus Phricodothyris GEoRGE, 19~2

The original definition by GEoRGE runs
as follows : ·"Brachythyrid, relatively brephomorphic. primitive in shell form. Spiralia directed more orless laterally : jugum or jugal processes apparently ab;;ent. Surface.ornament of biramousspines.
Shell-structure fibrous, impunctate.
Internal plates usually absent, but pro.
gressive. frequently attaining primary, andsometimes the basilary stage, but never the in·termediate stage."

Genotype: Plzricodothyris lucenza
GEoRGE, 1932
Thus GE0RGE21 defined and included
in his newly established genus suchspecies as P. ericius, P. lineata, P. inso/ita, P. lucerna, P. paricosta, P. Periculosa and P. verecunda. Among them
he offers no observation on P. iusolita
regarding the internal structure whichshould have further investigation. Other
species except P. lineata lack, according
to his observation, either dental plates
or median septum. Only the so-called"Plwicodotltyris lineata" (MAHTIN) of GEORGE has dental plates of ventral valve
as well as socket plates of dorsal valve,though it is devoid of median septum.
This species should be regarded, in thewriter's opinion, as not congeneric withother species of the genus Phricodotlzyris.
Therefore the definition of this genus
should be corrected as follows : with noapical Plates in both valves, excePt thedelthyrial ridges.
1) GRABAU. A. W.: Devonian Brachiopoda
of China, Pa!aeo11tologia Si11ica, Ser. B. vof.
3, Fasc. 3, p. 394, Pl. XUm figs. 2·7, 1931.
2) GEORGE. T. N.: The British Carboniferous Reticulate Spiriferidae, Q.}.G.S. Londo11,
vol. 88, p. 516. 1932.

On Some Reticulate Spiriferidae
In this r~spect, genus Squamzelaria isquite the same as Phricodothyris andthe distinguishing criteria of these twogenera are only in the nature of thespine bases; the former of which is uniramous in contrast to the biramous
character of the latter. Although theshell ornament was said to be not originally precisely examined in the case of the
genotype of Squamularia, the later investigators clarified this point. That isthat the spine bases of this genus Squamularia are definitely uniramous.
DEMANET11 who believed the validityof this genus Pflricodotlzyris added such
three species as P. lripustulosa, P. monopustulosa, and P. georgei which camefrom the passage bed of the Dinantin to
the Namurian in Belgium. All species
described by both GEoRGE and DEMANET
may belong to the higher Lower Carboniferous in Western Europe, while thisgenus may be seen to range until amuch later time in Eastern Asia, because
Squamularia eclzinata described by
CHAc2 ' from the Taiyuan Series of North
China is nothing but Pllricodothyris,
which bears a distinct double barrelled
type of spines but possesses neither dental
plates nor median septum.
Phricodothyris is also found newly fromthe Japanese Permian.
Of the so-called Reticularia lineata of
the Salt Range, described by W AAGEN,3 1
the internal structures are unfortunately
unknown, although the spine bases, according to DAviDsoN, are of distinctly
biramous type. In Reticulan·a indica
W AAGEN,4l there are no median septumand no dental plates, so it may probably
belong to the same category as Phricodothyris, though WAAGE!" did not describe
definitely the nature of the spine bases.
Reticularia elegantula W AAGE:-:,s• foundin association with the last one from theSalt Range also bears biramous spines,

69

while the internal structures of the pedicle
valve were not investigated by him.
Genus Condrathyris MINATo, nov.
With no dental plates and no median
septum in the ventral valve but provides
distinct socket plates in the dorsal \"al\te.
Genotype: Squamularia ? perPlex(McCHESKEY) of DuNBAR and CoNDRA
DuNBAR andCoKDRA6>hesitated to assign
their species to the genus Squamularia.
This species has biramous spines on theshell surface and lacks dental plates aswell as median septum in the ventral
valve, therefore it should be regarded tobelong to the genus Phricodotlryris
rather than to Squamularia.
However they pointed out the presenceof a pair of lamellae in the dorsal valve,
which they considered as serving as the
supports of the crual plates. These are
the present writer's socket plates. And
the socket plates of this species are notparallel to the floor of the dorsal valve,
but arranged in convergency. The writer
supposes that this species may not be conspecific with the species reported under
1) DEMANET, F.:

La Faune dts Couches depass;1ge du Dinantien au Namurien dans le
synclinorium Denant. Ilfem. Muse Roya!.
d"Hist. Nat. be/g. Mem. 110. 84, p. 94. 1938.
2) CHAO, Y. T.: Carboniferous and Permian
Spirifers of China. Pal. Si11ica. Ser. D. ~:ol.
XI, fasc. 1. p. 86, pl. Vlll, fiig. 19. 1929.
3) WAAGEN, W.: Salt Range fossils. Palaeonto/ogia Indica, Ser. XIIJ. 1882, p. 5'10, pl.
XLII, figs. 6-8.
4) WAAGE~. W.: op. cit. p. 542, pl. XLlli,
fig. 2.
5) WAAGEN, W.: op. cit. p. 545, pl. XLIV.
fig. 1.
6) DUNBAR, C. 0. and CoNDRA. G. E.:
Brachiopoda of the Pennsylvanian system in
Nebraska. Nebraska Ceo/. Surv. Bull. :.. p.
313, pl. XLII, figs. 5-8, 1932.

70

Masao MlNATO

the same name by Gunyll from the
Wewoka formation of Oklahoma. GIRTY
mentioned that there are no internal
plates in his species. The writer wishes
here to establish · a new genus based
upon DUI\BAR and CoNDRA's specimens.
This came, according to them, from
the Middle Pennsylvanian in Nebraska.
Genus Afartinotlzyris MINATO, nov.
With dental plates in the ventral valve,with socket plates and incipient median
septum in the dorsal valve.
Genotype : Plzricodotlzyris lineata(MARTIN), 1932 @ of GEoRGE
According to GEoRGE,2' the type of

But the specimen on page 545 lias
dental plates in the ventral valve andtwo socket plates in the dorsal valve'.
The writer selects this specimen as thege:10type and wishes to propose a new
genus. In this new genus, dental plates
are sub-parallel in arrangement; whichis quite worthy of note, and, moreover,a short median septum is present, whichis quite incipiently indicated in thedorsal valve.
Thus the apical apparatus of thisgenus is quite the same as that of thegenus Martinopsis, except for thepresence of a short median septum inthe dorsal valve.
Genus Torynifer HALL and CLARKE, 1895

"Reticulan·a lineata" was lost and hedothyris, typically rectimarginate, theanterior margin bei1tg semicircular indorsal view. Apical Plates variously
developed between Primitive and inter·mediate stages.

The exterior of the shell is ornamented
by concentric lamellae and biramousspines like Phricodothyris, but thisgenus provides always strong dental
plates and median septum in the ventral
valve, and, besides this, it bears
distinct median septum in the dorsal
valve.
The Mississippian species describedby W ELI.ERo under the names ofReticularia pseudolineata, R. setiger and
R. cooPerensis are assignable to thisgenus. M. A. STAINnRooKS> describedThus GEoRGh3' did not recognize theprime importance to distinguish the shells
either specifically or generically in respect
to the presence or absence of the apicalplates of the valves.
He regarded all specimens with orwithout apical plates in one genus. But
the present writer cannot agree with thatview.
Of GEoRGE's specimens, the one illustrated by him on page 546 under thename Phricodothyris lineata is devoid of
any apical plates and therefore thatspecimen is nothing but a Phricodotlryris.

1) GIRT¥, G. H.: Fauna of the Wewoka
formation of Oklahoma. U.S. G. S. /Jul/. 110.
544, 1915. p. 92, pl. XI. figs. 1-3a.
(::.:) Phricodothyris li11eata. p. 545, fig. 6, GEoRGE.
op. cit.
2) GEoRGE, T. N.: The British Carboniferous
Reticulate Spiriferidae. Q. f. G. S. Loudon.
vol. 88, p. 543.
3) Ibid .. p. 555.
4) WELLER, S.: The Missis>ippiim Brachiopodaof the Mississippi v:~ll~:y basin. Monograph 1.
State Geo/. Surv. lllinois, p. 437, 1914.
5) STAINBROOK, M.A.: Brachiopoda of thePercha Shale of New Mexico and Arizona.
} our. Paleont. vol. 21, no. 4, 1947. p. 325, pl.
47, figs. 38-42.

selected as neotype a specimen from thetype localitY, where MARTIN recorded thespecies as being particularly common.
This agrees, in his opinion, with thespecimens in MARTIK's figure in proportions and general appearances. Diagnosisof this species stated by him was asfollows: "A transverse species of Pin·ico-On Some Reticulate Spiriferidae

one species of this genus from theLowest Member of the Mississippian in
New Mexico.
Genotype: Torynifer criticus
HALL and Cr.,\RKE
Genus Kitalwmithyns MrNATo, 1952
With dental plates and a median
septum in the ventral valve but no
septate partitions in the dorsal valve.
Genotype: Torynifet· (l(itakamithyris)
tyoanjiensis MINATO.
A few species of this group from theLower Carbiniferous of japan may bequite like genus Torynifer in the outerconfiguration of shells, external ornamentation and internal structures of theventral valve, but they differ from thelatter in possessing no median septumin the dorsal valve.

aFig. 2. K•talwmithyris tyoaujiensis (MINATo)
a: showing traces of dental plates andmedian septum in the ventral valve. xI
b: dorsal view of shells. x 1
c : spine bases. enlarged 10 times.
d: spine bases, enlarged 5 times.

All species mentioned by HALL and
Ct.ARKE as members of the " Lamellosi
dupliciplicati " may belong to the genus
Torym)er except the Hamilton species.
The so-called Spirifer fimbriatus CoNRAD
of HALL and CLARKE bears radial plica-

71

tions and may he rather regarded asallied with Plectospjrifer than with
Reticularia. But it bears biramousspines and must be not wholy congenericwith either of them. This species comesfrom the Devonian Hamilton Formationand the other species under the groupof Iamellosi dupliciplicati may comefrom the Mississippian and younger
formations.
Thus such reticulate spirifers withbiramous spines and dental plates aswell as a median septum in the ventral
valves as Torynifer and Kitakamithyris
b~gan
to appear from the Lower
Carboniferous but not from the Devonianin age.
Genus Spirelytlw FREDERicKs, 1919
With pseudosponclylium.
Genotype: SPirz)er sclzei
TscHER:-<YSCIIEW 1916@
According to GEoRGE,2) this genus
from the arctic Permian is provided
with biramous spines and pseudospondyliurn. According to PAECKELMAN~3>
there is an incipient median septum inthis genus.
I) rviiNATo. M.: On the Lowccr Carbonif~rous
fossils of the Kitakami massif. northeast
llonsyu. Jap:tn. ]our. Fac. Science, Hokkaido
Univ .. Ser. IV, Gco!. and Mi11. vol. Vll. 110.
4. p. 374, 1951.
MINATO, J\1. : A. further note on theLower Carboniferous fossils of the Kitakami
Mountainland. Northeast ].tp:m. Jbid, vol.
VI Il, no. 2. p. l70, 1952.
2) GEORGE. T. N. : The British Carboniferous
Reticulate Spiriferidae. Q.]. G. S. London,
l'ol 88, p. 525, 1932.

3) PAECKELMANN, W.: Versuch einer zusammenfassenden Sy~tematik der Spiriferidae
KING. N. ]b. f. Min. rtsw. Berl. Bd. 67. Abt.

B, 1932.
@) FREDERICKS, G.: Bzdl. Geol. Com., vo/.
38, 110. 3, 1919, p. 3(}1.

Masao MI!'IA TO

72

Genus Nebenothyris M1NATO, nov.
Ger.otype: Spi?'ifer (Reticularia)

lineatus NEHE, @@ non MARTIN
The species described and figured by
NEBE from the Culm formations ofHaagen under the name of Spiri/er(Reticularia) linealtts (MARTI:-:) has aprominent median septum in the ventral
valve and moreover has such a septumin the dorsal valve.
There is no other apical plate in thisspecimen.
Basing his opinion uponsuch peculiarity in the septated partionsof the apicals, the writer wishes topropose a new generic name for thisspecies.
NEBE described as follows: "Auffalend

ist
eine
schmale,aber
schar/eMediattlesiste der Stielklappe, die abermtch in der At·mklappe angedeutet ist."
Next the problem arises, whether thisspecies is ornamented by the uniramousspines or by biramous ones, because
NEBE mentioned nothing about it.
However NmE regarded his species as
being quite conspecitlc with the species
described by ScurJ-:11 in his monographunder the name of Reticularia lineata.
Meanwhile ScuriN's sp~cirnens weresaid to be provided with distinct
biramous
spines.
Therefore
thediagnostic character of this genus may
be summarized as: With median septa
in the ventral as well as dorsal valves.
Ornamented by concentric lamellae andbiramous spines.
One species described and figured by
REEn2> from the Paleozoic of Yunnan,
S. China, under the name of Reticttlaria
sublineata REF.Il, is specially worthy ofnote. It is ornamented with biramousspines on the whole surface of the shellwith concentric lamellae, and possesses
no dental plates, except divergent teeth

in the ventral valve. But there is aprominent median septum in the ventral
valve in this species. Besides this, theexistence of one more septum in thedors1l valve is indicated by his illustra·tion, though he did not mention such astructure.
The feature of the special plates ofthis species may accordingly be quite
common with the genotype of this new
genus just proposed above. However
REED did not offer any remarks on theexistence of such a septum in the dorsal
valve, as above stated, and the writer isvery hesitant to consider this species as
being wholy congeneric with Nebenothyris. If the median septum is lacking in
the dorsal valve, HEED's species should
be separated in subgeneric rani< fromNebenothyris. RF.ED's description about
his species runs as follows :"Shell subcircular, gently biconvex. Pediclevalve moderately convex, not infhted, with anarrow weak median groove extending fromthe beak to the anterior margin, but no sinus.
Beak strongly incurved, and umbonal slopes
rounded. Interior of valve with short small
divergent teeth, but no dental plates: broad
low ridge running forwards from apex of beaknearly to front margin, narrowing anddecreasing in strength anteriorly, subangularand prominent between the narrow flabelliform
ill·definecl didductor scars. Whole of rest ofinterior (including I•1uscu)e.scars) marked withfine radiating closely placed striae, somewhat
sinuous and broken on inosculating in someplaces and occasionally deeping into pits.
(jll~~) NEBE,

B. : Culmfauna von Haagen, ein
Beitrag zur Kenntnis des westfallishes
Unterkarhons. N. ]b. f. Min. usw. Beil. Bd.
3 1' p. 4t, pl. 14, fig. 14, 1911.
1) SCUl'IN, J. : Spiriferen Deutschlands. p. 52,
pl. 4, figs 11 .. 13, 1900.
2) REED, C: Palaeozoic and Mesozoic fossils
from Yun.nan. Palaeontologia Indica. New
Series. vo!. X, mem. 110. 1. 1929, p. 146, pl.
XIV, figs. :3-6.

73

On Some Reticulate Spiriferidae

row of spine-bases on the laminae (leaving
punctate on the internal cast).""External surface of shell covered with thinbroad concentric laminae of subequal width,each bearing a submarginal single row of"double barrelled " hollow spine-bases oflaterally compressed oval or subcircular form,the "barrels" being longitudinally oval andlying side by side: small low sharp tubercles
and spinules lie between and in front of each

Reticulate

In concluding the writer is much in·debted to Prof. I. HAy ASAKA for his kindreading manuscript and criticism given
by him during the course of thisstudy.

Spiriferidae

IVith

IVith

uniramous
spine oosebiramous
spine baseCondro{hyf'ls tlinaCo

c::>

GD

1
h(fTl)

ueorr;elhyris f1ind[OO

Ncbmptltyri.s
CT:) Ninalo(_)CO(_)(_)

Reliwlal'icl tt'coy Phrfmdo/hyns
UeDIVj('narlinothy~s<lb NinaCo

I

Q::Y I Torynij_er
611> <!fb Clark el Hall(_)G)
Kilak.iJmdhyris

tlinaCo.1

S l/IOfllyf'tS t/ifld(oFig. 3. Showing the geological distribution of s:nne reticulate spirifers. and apicalstructures of each genus. Above: ventral valve, below : dors'll valve, with orwithout dental plates, socket plates, median septum or pseudospondylium.

Errata74

ERRATA
to Article 231, N. S. No. 10. pp 31-36 (KoTAKA)
Column

Page
31
32
II

right

,
"

II

Read

Line

for

12

biseuensis

bisetre11esis

19
21

f/Ja
f/Ju

f/Ju
f/J22

14 from below

freedomreed om"
34

Table 1

No. 9

Taito

Taito

II

II

No. 10Byobugaura

Byobugaura

No. 13

Yiirakucho

Yurakucho,,~:c~~~~ti~~.:. } of ... a: Length ...... }0: Inclination ..

,below Table 1

35

right

8

Figs. la-d, 2a-d, 6a-c. Figs. la fx:.

11

{Measurement)
Convexity

4 from below

48.9

4-8.6

CIT.

1 from below

21.75

21.73

: ;

b: Length,b : Length

to Article 232, N. S. No. 10. pp. 37-44 (HAY ASAJ\A and HAYASAI\A)
Page
37
38
II

40

,

Line

Column
right

,
,"

Read

for

13

authorauther5

generagenrral

22

the

the

referred

refer

n

J

44

",
"
left

41

r

15 from below

was

we

42

II

14 from below

Schizothaerus

Schizohacrus

21

in

is

bottom

an

on

41
42

43

,

r

21.
25
11

22. 23, 30. 34 -: MacGinitie

MacGinitebottom.. ofTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 11, pp. 75-82, Pl. 7, 3 text-figs., S~pt. 30, 1953

237. ON THE PECTEN NOTOENSIS YOKOYAMA*(On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai, Part 2)
KOTORA HATAI and KOICHIRO MASUDA
Department of Geology, College of Education, Tohoku University.

Pecten notomsis YoKoYAMA tt:~lv· -r:: (flil~ffl"ili: fft~~;m Pectinidae. . "{: n 2)
Pecten tfoloensis YOKOYAMA ffJ j~;@!l &: if !Itt..., ~ IC Nanaochlamys tr. o ~IJI &: f& ~{ L. 'k 0
J!:KC.fl.OJtl!f(~~:i:at:::3@1"o~~HT-?fco

Ill! ;It-,,, lJf • .1ft Ill~-~

and limited
geographical distribution (Text-fig. 1). The occurrence of
notoetzsis in formations of more or lesssimilar lithology and with a closely
related associated fauna serve as

Among the Pectinidae fossils hitherto
described from the Neogene of Japan,
Pecten tzotoensis YoKoYAMA is of par·ticular interest because of its peculiar
sculpture, restricted geological range

1, Nanao

2, Takasegawa
3, Daijima
4, Setana

5, Chiganoura

36, Otsutsumi
7. Moniwa
8, Yan<igawa
9. Shioda
10, Ennichi

Text-fig. 1. 1\Iap showing the distribution of .'l.'anaochlamys tzotoensis (YoKoYAMA).

* Read Sept. 27,

1952;

important data in analysing its paleoecological conditions. These problems
are dealt with in this article.

received 1'\ov. 21.

1952.
75

76

Kotora RATA! and Koichiro MASUDA

Pecten ttotoemis, first described by M.
YoKoYAMA (1929) from a richly calcare·ous sandstone at Iwaya about 700
meters we.st of the Nanao railway Station, Nanao City in Ishikawa Prefecture,
was referred to the genus Chlamys by
Y. OnmA in 1933, who studied thegeology of the district, thereby including
the sandstone into his Nanao formation,
which he called Miocene. This sand·stone contains besides Pecten notoettsis,
abundant specimens of other pectinids,
brachiopods, bryozoans, sponge spicules,
foraminifers and rarely Shark's teeth.
In 1930, H. MATSUMOTO described as
new to science from the Miocene
Moniwa formation in the southernborder of Sendai, Pecten natoriemis,
P. natoriensis var. subovalis, and, P.
tzatoriensis var. ineqttilateralis. Thesevarieties as well as the species were
included into the synonymy of Pecten
11otoensis by S. NoMURA in 1940, a
procedure which has been accepted bysubsequent authors.
These different
variety names serve to demonstrate thevariability of Pecten 11oioensis. In thesouthern border of Sendai, ttotoensis
occurs abundantly in a calcareous,
granu'e conglomerate to coarse grainedsandstone in association with abundant
pectinids, pelecypods, brachiopods, bryozoans, echinoids and balanids. Shark's
teeth occur rarely.
About one hundred specimens ofPecten ttoloensis, now in the collectionsof the Institute of Geology and Paleontology and of the Department of
Geology in the College of Education,
both of the Ti>l10ku University, andalso the Saito Ho-on Kai Museum, allin Sendai, were studied, and the resultof examination is presented herein. We
thank Mr. K. OYAMA of the Geological
Survey of Japan, for his kind loan of
an important article.

Family Pectinidae
Subfamily Pectininae
Genus Nmtaochlamys HATAI and
MASUDA, n. gen.

Genotype:- Pecten

uotoettsis YoKo·

YAMA, 1929.

Type locality:- Calcareous sandstoneof the Miocene Nanao formation at
Iwaya, Nanao City, Ishikawa Prefecture.
Geological range :-Early Miocene.
Diaguosis :-Equilateral, subequivalve,
suborbicular, thick-shelled, moderately
inflated ; five to six, smooth or rarely
nodulose ribs, which bifurcate at ornear anterior margin and carry several
intercalary threads. Auricles unequal,
the anterior larger and with strong
radial threads and fine concentric lines,
the posterior with radial threads andfine concentric lines.
Byssal notch
conspicuous.
Ctenolium
rarely illdeveloped.
Valves unequally convex,
the maximum points of convexity situated at different distances from thebeak.
Remarks :-Pecten notoensis has beenreferred to the genus Ch/amys becauseof its Chlamys·like aspect, but it isdistinguished from that genus by thewell developed byssal notch andctenolium, pronounced imbricated surface, and by the surface of the valvesbeing similarly sculptured with radialribs.
This new genus resembles
Mesopeplum lREDALE (IREDALE 1929, pp.
162-164), from the depth of 4{}-80
fathoms off New South Wales, Eastern
Australia. The latter, however, has fiveprominent, distant, compound ribs, with
the intervals broader than the ribs,
three riblets on the back of the ribs
and four to eight, fine riblets in theinterspaces between the ribs on the left

On the Pecten noloensis YoKoYAMA

valve; similarly the right valve has
five compound ribs whose intervals are
narrower than broad, and bear four toeight riblets on their back and two or
three rib lets in the interspaces; and thebyssal notch is minute and hardly
noticeable. Therefore, the latter iseasily distinguished from the former by
the characters of the ribs, difference insculpture of the right and left valves
and by the conspicuous byssal notch.
The genus Scaeochlamys (IREDALE 1929,
pp. 162-163) resembles Nmwochlamys inhaving discrepant sculpture of the rightand left valves, but is distinguishable
from the latter by the pronounced
byssal notch and pectinidial teeth, few
prominent scaly ribs on the left valve
and numerous less scaled ribs on theright valve.

77"Shell of medium size. thick. rather
compressed.
nearlyequivalve, equilateral
except for ears, radiately ribbed. Ribs usually
five or six near the beak. more or less elevatedthough rounded. generally smooth. sooner orlater dichotomizing either once or twice, withinterspaces narrower, in which there is usually
an intercalary rib either appearing only near
the ventral border or higher up. sometimes
more than half way up the shell ; number ofribs at ventral border varring. but often morethan thirty, counting both larger and small.
making inner border unequally serrate. Convexity : presumably nearly equal in both valvesof the same individual. but s:~mewhat varying
in different ones: equal to from one-fourth toalmost one-fifth of height. Ears unequal,
anterior larger than posterior. both radiately
costellate; byss31 notch distinct. acute. Hingelength less than one half of shell height."

N anaoch/amys 110/oensis(YOI<OYAMA),

1929

Pl. 7, Figs. 1-7. Text-figs. 2 3.

1929.

Pecten noloensis YolWY Al\fA, Imp. Geol.
Surv. japan. R~P. No. 104, p. 4. pl. 3,
figs. l. 2. 3, 4 ; pl. 4. figs. l. 2 ; pl. 5.
figs. 1. 2.

1930.

Pecten ttatoriensis MATSUMOTO. Sci.
Rep. TOhok14 Imp. Univ.. Ser. 2. vol.

1930.

Pecten 1taloriemis subovolis MATSU ·MOTa, Sci, Rep. Tultoku Imp Uttiv ..
Ser. 2. vol. 13. no. 3, p. 105. pl. 40.

1930.

Pee/en llaloriettsis inequilotera/is MATSUMOTO, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Unit•.,Ser. 2, vo/. 13, no. 3, p. 105, pl. 40,

13. no. 3. p. 104, pl. 40, figs. 10. 11.

fig. 12.

figs. 13. 14.
1935. Pecten (Peclm) 110/oettsis YoKOYAMA,NoMURA & ZINBo, Saito Ho-on Koi
Mus., Res. Bull., 110. 6, p. 161, pl. 15.
fig. 27.
1940.

Pecten (Chlomys) ttoloettsis YoKOYAMA.
NoMURA, Sci. Rep .. Toltoku Imp. Univ ..
Ser. 2, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 18. pl. L figs.
4-7.

The original description of Pecten
notoemis is as follows.

2.

3.

Text-figs. 2-3. Sketch showing the mode ofbifurcation of the ribs in Nanaoclt/omys
110/oensis (YOKOYAMA). 2-Right valve. 3-l.eft
valve. I/3 natural size.

DescriPtion:- Shell of medium size,
rather thick, equilateral, subequivalve,moderately inflated, the left valve beingnearly fiat in the younger stage, but
becoming nearly equal or a little moreconvex than the right valve in theadult; ribs prominent, rounded, smoothand rarely nodulose, numbering six on
the right valve, and five on the left in
the primordial condition, but soon
becoming numerous ventrally by meansof both bifurcation and intercalation ;on the right valve the primary bifurcation always precedes the primaryintercalation and the secondary bifurcation the secondary intercalation; while

78

Kotora HATAI and Koichiro MASUDA

on the left valve the primary and also
the secondary intercalation precedes thebifurcation of the main ribs, and thetertiary intercalation appears usuallya little earlier or rarely at about thesame time as the bifurcation of themain rihs, the primary intercalary
usually bifurcate ventrally, and thebifurcation of the radials precede thebifurcation of the intercalaries. In
general, the radiating ribs become nar·row owing to the bifurcation, while theintercalaries become broad ventrally, so
that, at the ventral margin the primaryand secondary bifurcated radials arenearly equal to the intercalaries instrength. The right valve is regularly
convex, with the anterior auricle longer
and larger than the posterior, byssal
notch shallow and with rarely illdeveloped ctenolium ; the hinge of both
valves usually flat or a little folded,
with indistinct cardinal crura and with
distinct resilial pit ; ribs narrower than
the interspaces in the younger stage
and becoming broader than the interspaces in the adult stage ; the multiplication of ribs ventrally is caused essentially by their bifurcation and only
auxiliarily by intercalation ; the bifurcation goes up to the tertiary order, andthe intercalation to the secondary order,
the secondary intercalation occurring in
the valleys as a result of the primarybifurcation. Tt:e left valve in the adultis convex, abruptly bent at a certain
distance from the beak, so as to forma flat platform proximally; the fineprimordial ribs rarely form a boss at
bending; the anterior auricle is more orless larger than the posterior, provided
with a shallow byssal notch; primordinalribs narrower than the primordinalinterspace ;multiplicationof ribs
ventrally caused essentialy by intercalation and only auxiliarily by bifurcation;

all the intercalaries occur only in thefour primordinal interspaces, the primary intercalaries soon acquire almost thesame strength as the primordial ribs
and divide ventrally in the same manner; the secondary and tertiary intercalaries, which are on either side of the
primary, are weaker but strengthenwith continued growth.
The outersurface of both valves is very finely
radiately and concentrically striated,
the auricles of the same arc radiately
ribbed, the inner surface is folded, corresponding to the ribs and interstices ofthe outer.
Remarks-From the numerous specimens examined it is noticed that (1)the right valve rarely has an illdeveloped ctenolium, (2) the right valve
is more convex than the left in theyoung stage and nearly equal to or alittle less convex than the left in theadult stage, (3) the resilial pit in theright valve is deep and provided with
distinct lateral ridges, and the resilial
pit in the left valve is provided withsockets corresponding to the aforementioned lateral ridge, (4) the hinge ofboth valves is usually flat and withindistinct cardinal crura, ( 5) the left
valve tends to bend at a distance fromthe beak and to produce there a platform, (6) the mode of rib-differentiationof both right and left valves are usuallyconstant.
The ribs of this species were describedby M. YoKoYAMA as usually numbering
five to six near the beak, and by H.
MATSUMOTo as six on the right valve
and five on the left in the primordinal
condition. As a rule, the left valve
bears three main stout ribs on thecentral part of the disc. and two others,
that is to say, one on each lateral side;
the right valve has four main stout ribs
and one on each lateral side.

On the Pecte11 110toe11sis YoKOYAMA

In the right valve, the relation between shell height and rib-differentia·
tion seems to be a constant feature.
The ribs tend to become complex fromthe younger to the adult, those of theyounger stage being usually simple andnumbering six, but with continued_growth, the main ribs in. the central
part of the disc usually bifurcate atleast twice and an accessory weak,
primary intercalc1ry thread is added in
the interspace between the main ribs
prior to or nearly at the same time thesecondary bifurcation commences, or attimes even a little later. By continued
growth the divided ribs of the firstbifurcation again split and intercalaries
are added in the same way as in thefirst case (Text-fig. 2). This mode ofmultiplication is more or less constant.
In the young 5tagc, the main radials
are usually narrower than their interspaces, but with continued growth andmultiplication, the radials tend to become subequal to their interspaces inbreadth, and in the adult stage, theradials become broader than their interspaces in breadth near the ventral
margin and the intercalaries are subequal to the radials in breadth.
The radial ribs are usually roundtopped and smooth with broad flattenedinterspaces, but rarely become somewhat
imbricated near the ventral margin
owing to the intersection of concentric
growth lines.
In the left valve there are three main,
stout ribs provided with a weaker one
on each lateral side. Before the main
ribs bifurcate the first and second intercalary appears, and the third order ofintercalary threads appear at about thetime the first intercalaries bifurcate.
The intercalary threads of the threeorders tend to strengthen with continued growth and the first intercalary

79

usually bifucates at the ventral margin
with continued growth. (Text-fig. 3).
The lateral. ribs of the right ,·alve
are usually much narrower than themain ones in the central part of thedisc, stronger than the intercalaryriblets, and also usually bifurcate. In
the left valve, however, the lateral ribs
are nearly equal to the main ones instrength although they never become
equal or stronger, and also bifurcate
similarly as that of the right one. In
the lateral marginal region bordering
the lateral ribs, several smaller radials
develop, but these never become strong
or pronounced as the intercalary riblets.
In general, the external surface of thevalves of this species is ornamented
with obtuse, scaly network, that is tosay, in the upper half of both valves,
very fine radial striations and similarly
strong concentric lines are present on
the radi.al riblets as well as in theinterspaces. This network is often
obscured and is seen only in wellpreserved specimens.
Development of concentric Jines in theregion of the ventral margin of both
valves make the radials appear somewhat imbricated.
The auricles are usually sculptured
with both distinct radial riblets andfine concentric lines, by which theornamentation appears imbricated.
In lateral view the convexity of theright valve is more or Jess uniformwith the maximum depth near the mid·die of the shell length. However, inthe left valve the maximum convexity
lies dorsal of the middle of the shelllength owing to the dorsal part of thevalve being more or less flattened.
Thus, in the case of specimens with
intact valves, the maximum convexityof the right valve is situated in the
middle, while that of the left valve is80

Kotara HATAI and Koichirfl MASUDA

dorsal to the middle of the shell length,
and an oblique line can be drawn by
connecting the maximum points of
convexity of the valves.
Geological sig1Zijicatzce- The Nanao
formation at Iwaya from where abun·dant specimens of notoensis OCLUr,
consists of a richly calcareous sandstone
containing abundant pectens, Brachia·
poda, Bryowa, Foraminifera, sponge
spicules and balanid fragments. From
this sandstone at Iwaya, M. YoKOYAMA( 1929) reported Pectett (Palinopecten ?)kagamianus, Pecten notoensis, Pecten(Ch/amys) hastatus Sow. var. ingettiosa,
Pecten (Chlamys) crassivenius andPecten sp.
Concerning this sandstone, K. ()YAMA(1952) stated that it is easily induced
that the Nanao formation consists of"the channel sediments" which were
deposited when the Nato Peninsula wasan island or bank. However, whether
the calcareous sandstone should beconsidered channel sediments is open toquestion, because the detail paleogeographical conditions at that time havenot been worked out. It is evident thatuotoetzsis lived on a clean sea bottom
remote from the influence muddy sediment drained from the land. The depthof the warm water environment isdifficult to estimate, although it seems
certain that it was beyond the littoralzone.
The Moniwa formation in the southernborder of 5endai where tzotoensis iscommon, consists of granule conglomerate to coarse grained sandstone in whichabundant pectens, other pelecypods,
some gastropods, echinids, balanids,
brachiopods, bryowan-fragments andrarely shark's teeth occur. This formation at the localities in the southernborder of Sendai where notoetzsis occurs
is lacking in muddy sediments and fromstratigraphical evidence, there is no
doubt that the formation represents atransgressive phase by which the total
absence of muddy materials may be
explained.
Although calcareous, theMoniwa formation is not so significant
as the Nanao in this respect, but thethermal conditions of the sea in which
the two geographically isolated formations were deposited are remarkably
similar.
The Otsutsumi formation, in thenorthwest of Sendai, a correlative of
the Moniwa, differs in its Pectinidae
fauna and ttoloensis is very rare. The
6tsutsumi consists of tuffaceous, very
coarse sandstone or conglomeratic sandstone in which muddy material isembedded. Although the thermal conditions in which the Otsutsumi was
deposited is similar to that of both the
Moniwa and the Nanao, the ecologicalconditions seem to have been different
as can be noticed from its paucity of
calcareous sediments. Therefore, it isinferred that 1Zotoensis flourished only
in environments consisting of a clear
sea bottom influenced by warm thermal
conditions, and that its absence or
rarity in correlative formations may be
explained, in part, by such reason.
Nanaoch/amys 110/oemis under thegeneric names of Pecten or Ch/amys has
been reported from the Nanao, Takasegawa, Daijima, Setana, Moniwa, Otsutsumi, Chiganoura, Yanagawa, Shioda
and Hatatate formations, but not allof them have been figured thus leaving
one in doubt as to their details. This
species has also been recorded from
Ennichi in South Korea. Of the named
formations, the species is very rare in
the Hatatate formation in the southern
region of Sendai, and in the Chiganoura
formation developed around Shiogama
City, both in Miyagi Prefecture. It isOn the Pecten notomsis Yoi\OYAMA

also not common in the formations
other than those of Nanao and Moniwa,
probably owing to both bottom control
and geological horizon. Its record fromthe Setana formation was not confirmed.
From the geological distribution andrange, it is inferred that this species
attained its maximum flourishing, which
seems to have been very short, during
the Early Miocene, that is to say, in a
two.fold division of the Miocene.

References
DALL, W. H .. BARTSCH. P. & REHDER. H. A.
(1938): A Manu:ll of the Recent andFossil Marine Pelecypod Mollusca of the
Hawaiian hlands. Bishop Mus. Bull., 110.
153. p. 88.
GRAI'T, U.S. & GALE, H. R. (1931): Pliocene
and Pleistocene Moll Jsca of California.
Mam. Sa11 Diego Soc. Nat. His!. vol. 1, pp.
161-163.
!REDALE, T. (1929):
l\1ollusca from theContinental Shelf of Eastern Australia. no.
2. Rep. Austr. Mus., 110. 17. pp. 162-164,
pl. 38, figs. 7. 8. 9.
- - . (1939):
Great Barrier Reef Exped.
1928-29. 8ci. Rep., vol. 5. 110. 6. Mollusca,
pt. 1, pp. 354-355.
HArAJ. K. (1938): A Review of the Paleontology of Akita Prefecture (Ugo province).
]apa11. ]our. Geol Geogr., vol. 15, 110s. 12, p. 38.
HAYASHI, T. (1946): On the Geomorphlogy
and Geology of Western Border of Yamizo
Mountains. Graduatio11 Thesis of /he To·
hoku University.
KANEHARA. K. (1953): On the Geologic Ageof the Ennichi Series. ]our. Geol. Soc.
JaPa11, vo!. 42, 110. EO 1. pp. 334 335.
KUBOTA, K. (1950): Fossil Pectinidac fro:nthe Setana S:>ries. (Studies of the Fossil
Fauna from Setana Series. no. 3). Cenozoic
Studies, Sapporo, 110. 6. p. 17, pl. 9. fig. 74.
KURODA, T. (1932): The Venus. t•ol. 3. 110.

2, APPendix. p. 90.
MATSUMOTO, H. (1930): On the Marine
Fauna of Three Fossil Zones of the Upper
Miocene of Natori district, Province ofRikuzen. Sci. Rep. Tiihoku Imp. U11iv, Ser.
2. 110/. 13, no. 3, pp. 104-105. pl. XL, figs.
10. 11, 12. 13. 14.
NAKAMURA, M. (1940) : On Some Pectinidae
Fossils from the J\fiocene Deposits of theTomiya Block. Miyagi·ken, Northeast Honshu. Japan. ] ap. ] our. Geol. Geogr.. 1•ol.
17. IIOS. 1-2, pp. 8-9.
- - . (1935): Miocene Mollusca from Shio·gama. Northwest Honsyu, Japan. Saito
Ho·otl Kai Afus., Res. Bull.. 110. 6. pp.
196-197.
- - . (1940): l\Iolluscan fauna of the Moniwa
Shell bed exp:sed along the Natorigawa
in the Vicinity of Sendai. l'vliyagi Preft-c.
ture, Japan. Sci. Rep., Tl>hoku Imp. llni11.,Ser. 2. rol. 21. no. 1, pp. 18-19. pl. 1. figs.
4, 5. 6, 7.
NoMURA, H. ar.d ZINBO, N. (1935): Mollusca
from the Yanagawa Shell Beds in the
Fukushima Basin, Northeast Honsyu, Ja·pan. Saito lfo·OI! Kai. Mus.. Res. Bull.,tiO. 6, pp. 161-162, pl. 15, fig. 27.
OTUKA, Y. (1935): The Oti Graben in southern
Noto Peninsula. Japan. pt. 3. Br4ll. Earth·quake Res. I11st .. Tokyo Imp. Univ., t•ol. 13.
Pt. 4. p. 886.
- - . (1936): The Takasegawa Green Tuff
Bed3 of the Yuri District. Akita Pref.
Japan, and Correlation of the Lower
Neogene in Japan. !lull. Earthquake Res.
I11st., Tokyo Imp. Uuiv., vol. 14. pt. 3, pp.
442-44:{.
OYAMA. K. (1952): Paleoecological Studies
on Pectens. Miscellaneous Reports of lite
Res. /nst. Nat. Res .. 110. 5, p. 28.
YOKOYAMA. M. (1929): Pliocene shells fromnear Nanao. Noto. Jmp. Ceo/. Su,-v. Japan,
Rep. 104, pp. 4 5. pl. 3, figs. 1, 2. 3, 4, pl.
·I, figs. 1, 2. pl. 5. figs. 1. 2.
YARE II. and HATAI. K. (1941): The Cenozoic Formations and fossils of Northeast
Honsyu, japan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Unit• ..

Ser. 2, vol. 22. 110. 1.

82

Kotora HATAI and Koichiro MASUDA

Explanation of Plate 7
Nanaochlamys 110toe11sis (YOKOYAMA).
Figs. 1. a. Right valve, x 1.
b. Left valve, x 1.
c. Upper view of the same, x 1.
d. Side view of the same, x 1.
Fig. 2.
Internal view of right valve. x 1.
Fig. 3.
Hinge area of left valve. x 1.
Fig. <tRight valve, x 1.
Fig. 5.
Left valve, x l.
Fig. 6a-h. a. Right valve. x 1. b. Left valve of the· same. x 1.
Loc. Kumanodo, Takadate·mura. Natori·gun, Miyagi Prefecture. Moniwa formation.
Left valve of younger stage. x 1.
Fi~. 7.
Loc. Iwaya, Nanao City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Nanao formation.

H AT AI& MASUDA : Pecten notoensis

K. KUMAGAI photo.

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Fossils from the Miura Peninsula and its Immediate North (1920).
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Mollusca from the Upper Musashino of Tokyo and its Suburbs ( 1927 ).
Mollusca from the Upper Musashino of Western Shimosa and Southern Musashi(1927).

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mim ~~ rr1 C25) 3403 m::i!a~l"=l~U 1091401!iCONSTITUTION
of the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPANARTICLE 1. Name
The Society shall be known as the Palaeontological Society of Japan. The Society is a sectionof the Geological Society of Japan.
ARTICLE 2. Object
The object of the Society shall be to promote the study of palaeontology and related sciences.
ARTICLE 3. Achievement
The Society in order to execute Article 2 shall ( a ) issue the Society journal and other publications. ( b) hold or sponsor scientific lectures and meetings, and (c) sponsor collecting or
field trips, and lectm es.
ARTICLE 4. Membership
The Society shall be compose<! of persons who are active of int<'rested in p:tlaeontology or
related sciences, and shall be !mown as regular members, honorary members, and patrons.
ARTICLE 5. 1 he members of the Society shall be obliged to pay annual dues to the Society, forwhich they shall enjoy the privilege of receiving the Society•s journal and of submitting
pap.er:> which have been read and discussed at the meetings for publication in the Society's
journal.
ARTICLE 6. Administration
The Society shall have the following organizations for its administration.
(a) General mPcling. The general meeting shall be composed of the Snciety members. Morethan one tenth of regular l111'mbers shall be present to hold general meetings. Administrative affairs shall be decided during the general meeting.
(b) President. The president shall be elected from among the regular members. The president
shall represent the Society and supervise its business matters.
(c) Council. The council shall be composed of councillors who are elected from among theregular members. The council shall discuss administrative affairs.
(d) Business council. The business councillors shall be elected from among the council members, and shall administer business affairs.
(e) Officers shall be elected by vote of returned mail ballots, as a general rule..
ARTICLE 7. _.nendments to the constitution shall be hy decision of the general meeting.

By-Laws and Administration
ARTICLE 8. The Society's journal shall be issued three times a year.
ARTICLE 9. Regular members shall he persons who have knowledgl', experience, or interest in
p:Uaeontol()b'Y or related sciences.
ARTICLE 10. Patrons shall be selected individuals or organizations who give special support to theobjectives of the Society.
ARTICLE 11. Honorary members shall be per:;ons of distinguished achievement in p.1laeontology.
The council shall nominate honorary members for decision by the general meeting.
ARTICLE 12. Applicants for membership to the Society shall submit their full name, mailing ad·
dress, date of birth, occupation, and name of school from which they graduated .

•

Dues

ARTICLE 13. Rates for annual dues of the Society shall be decided during the general meeting.
Annual dues for regular members is Yen 40:l.OO (domestic members) and U.S. $2.00 (foreign
members). P.1trons are individuals or organizations donating more than Yen 10,000.00 an·
nually. Honorary members arc free from obligations.
ARTICLE 14. The Society income shall be from membership dues and bestowals.
ARTICLE 15. The Society shall have one chairman, fifteen councillors, and several business councillors, whose term of office shall be two years. They may be re-elected.

Addendum
ARTICLE 1. There shall be four business councillors for the present.
ARTICLE 2. The Society journal shall be issued three times a year for the present.