川崎医科大学2015年度入学試験

解答速報
2015年

1月25日

問1
問2
問3
問4
問5
問6
問7
問8
問9
問10ⓒⓓⓐⓑⓐⓐⓓⓑⓒⓐⅡ

問11ⓒ ア：that イ：precious
After the disaster people had (the strong belief that nothing is more precious than life).
ⓒ ア：them イ：toOne way to support patients (is to help them learn ways to adapt to stress).
ⓑ ア：eating イ：unhealthy
Haste (in eating makes people unhealthy as well as overweight).

問13

実施

tapped me on the shoulder「私の肩をたたいた」
insists on seeing you「どうしてもあなたに会いたいと言っている」
be prejudiced against ~「～に対して偏見を抱く」The shop in which the fire started「火事を出した店」
as you can tell from ~「～から分かるように」at seven o’clock sharp「７時きっかりに」
so supreme a joy「それほど至上の喜び」
He is ... , and so is his friend「彼の友人もそうである」
If it had not been for ~「もし～がなかったら」
This being the case,「このような事情なので」

Ⅰ

問12

英語

(has tried) to maintain order 「秩序を保とうしたことがある」(has been observing) 50 families「これまで50の家庭を観察してきた」(conducted) their research 「研究を行った」(gives) way to ~ 「～にとってかわられる」… , the (less) question asking ~ 「～すればするほど問いかけがその分減る」~ center (on) the oldest child「～が一番年上の子に集中する」
robs everyone (of) attention「皆の関心を奪う」(preparing) dinner 「食事の支度」
a (relaxing) hour 「くつろぎの時間」

Ⅲ

問14
問15
問16
問17
問18
問19
問20
問21
問22

ⓒⓐⓒⓑⓑⓑⓓⓑⓐⅣ

問23

How is willpower lost according to this attitude?
ⓐ It can be lost by increasing temptations.
ⓑ It can be lost by fighting temptations.
ⓒ It can be lost by ignoring temptations.
ⓓ It can be lost by accepting temptations.
正解 ⓑ It can be lost by fighting temptations.
第１段落冒頭に、“the self-control demands of everyday life can drain the willpower” とある。
self-control demandsが高まる要因と考えられるのはⓐかⓑだが、「誘惑」が増えるだけでは必ずしも自制心を強く持とうとする結果にはならない。

問 24

What is the greatest threat to society?
ⓐ Too many small vegetables are.
ⓑ Threats to personal goals are.
ⓒ A society operating without enough willpower is.
ⓓ Choosing between personal and social goals is.
正解 ⓒ A society operating without enough willpower is.
第１段落but以下に、 “the collective consequences of a society in which most people are drainedof willpower”が大きな問題であると述べられている。

問 25

What kind of study was given to show a harmful collective consequence to society?
ⓐ It was one using a game which required twenty-five years.
ⓑ It was one using a game which required knowledge of the forest.
ⓒ It was one using a game which required common resources to be taken good care of.
ⓓ It was one using a game which required tree-cutting skills.
正解 ⓒ It was one using a game which required common resources to be taken good care of.
“Forest Game”を扱った研究であることを説明できている選択肢を選べばよい。

問 26

What was the way used to reduce willpower for the Forest Game?
ⓐ People were provided with unlimited temptations for free.
ⓑ People were given distractions while doing something that required self-control.
ⓒ People were allowed to do anything they wanted to do.
ⓓ People were asked to perform a simulation exercise played for many years.
正解 ⓑ People were given distractions while doing something that required self -control.
第２段落冒頭に、一部の参加者が “a self-control task that required blocking out mental
distractions — a classic willpower-reducing setup”を行わせたとある。

問 27

How did the players in the forest game differ?
ⓐ Some were more experienced than the others.
ⓑ Some were quicker in making decisions than the others.
ⓒ Some were younger in age than the others.
ⓓ Some were weaker in self-control than the others.
正解 ⓓ Some were weaker in self-control than the others.
the forest gameの結果を問うている。self-controlの負荷がかかった人々は目先の利益獲得に向かって早期にゲーム終了となった。負荷のない人々は安定してゲームを続けられた。

問 28

What does the author think is important to get the best results in the Forest Game?
ⓐ Freedom and pleasure are.
ⓑ Patience and teamwork are.
ⓒ Determination and temptation are.
ⓓ Stress and anxiety are.
正解 ⓑ Patience and teamwork are.
第１段落最終文に、“this strategy requires patience and the willingness to cooperate with otherplayers” とある。

問29

Which groups saved the most money and trees?
ⓐ The groups that had better ecological sense did.
ⓑ The groups that ended the simulation earliest did.
ⓒ The groups that did not do the self-control task did.
ⓓ The groups that took what they could get did.
正解 ⓒ The groups that did not do the self-control task did.
第２段落最終文に、“players who had not performed the distraction task still had a forest ” とある。

問30

What action started the destruction of the Easter Island?
ⓐ The action of planting trees did.
ⓑ The action of damaging trees did.
ⓒ The action of burning trees did.
ⓓ The action of cutting down trees did.
正解 ⓓ The action of cutting down trees did.
第３段落に、 “the island’s inhabitants started cutting down trees for more land and wood ” とあり、この後イースター島の崩壊が起こったことが確認できる。

問31

What is the natural tendency of humans?
ⓐ It is to acquire things quickly.
ⓑ It is to lack imagination.
ⓒ It is to use self-discipline.
ⓓ It is to be unaware of what he/she is doing.
正解 ⓐ It is to acquire things quickly.
第４段落に、“Humans have a natural tendency to focus on immediate gains” とある。

問32

What is the purpose of choice architecture?
ⓐ It is to make decisions easier to make.
ⓑ It is to increase good organ donation.
ⓒ It is to improve human behavior and the economy.
ⓓ It is to provide a better environment in which to live.
正解 ⓐ It is to make decisions easier to make.
第６段落に、 “systems that make it easier for people to make good decisions ”とある。

問33

What must people avoid in order to make good decisions for society?
ⓐ They must avoid global crises.
ⓑ They must avoid losing mental strength.
ⓒ They must avoid consuming too many resources.
ⓓ They must avoid climate change.
正解 ⓑ They must avoid losing mental strength.
第６段落に、“our best bet might be to take self-control out of the situation whenever possible”とあり、willpowerを弱める負荷をかけないことが必要だとある。

問34

How are the results of the Forest Game and the Easter Island related?
ⓐ In both cases, men tried to make a lot of money quickly.
ⓑ In both cases, men were unwilling to take risks.
ⓒ In both cases, men could not see far into the future.
ⓓ In both cases, men forgot the development of trees.
正解 ⓐ In both cases, men tried to make a lot of money quickly.
第７段落に “this is not because we are innately irrational, or because we are making deliberate
decisions to enjoy today and forget tomorrow” とあり、自制心を働かせられないのは、遠い将来のことを考慮できないからではないとある。イースター島に関しては 、第３段落に “the island’s
inhabitants started cutting down trees for more land and wood ” とあるので、設問ⓐのように、“tried to make a lot of money[財産]”と言える。

問35

What is the main idea of this article?
ⓐ An over-burdened society will make poor decisions.
ⓑ People need healthy forests to avoid disaster.
ⓒ Modern life has been too many distractionsⓓ Choice architecture could help Easter Island in the future
正解 ⓐ An over-burdened society will make poor decisions.
全体のまとめ。自己抑制の負荷が社会全体として強まると、人々が愚かな意思決定をしやすくなる。

講評：問題数は35問で昨年から変化なしだったが、大問数は1つ増えて計4問。長文中で問われていた整序問題が独立して大問2として出題された。大問1～3は基本的な文法からの出題で、しっかり勉強してきた人は高得点を期待できる。大問4の長文内容一致は標準的であるが、一部やや答えにくい設問があるのと、同じ部分を問う設問が多いので大意をつかめていないと大量失点の可能性もある。目標は7割5分。

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