ISSN 0031-0204

Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 103./

Palaeontological Society of Japan ·,Oct. 15, 1976

Takashi HAMADA
Editor
Associate Editor Iku wo OBAT A

Officers for 1975 - 1976
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Teiichi KOBAYASHI

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Juichi YANAGIDA" Fossils" : Yokichi TAKA YANAGI, Ku nihiro ISI-IIZAKI

Fossil on the cover is the six leaves in a whorl of Trizygia oblongifolia(GERM. & KAULF.) ASAMA from t he Maiya Formation (Parafusulina zone),
Maiya, N. E. Japan.
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Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 103, pp. 343-378, pIs. 36-39, Oct. 1:;, 1976

663.

MESOZOIC PLANTS FROM THE AKAIW A FORMATION(UPPER NEOCOMIAN), THE ITOSHIRO GROUP,CENTRAL HONSHU, JAPAN*
TATSUAKI KIMURATokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184

andSHIN]I SEKIDO
Science Education Centre, Ishikawa Prefecture, Kanazawa 920**::z 7 :/
~

/J;!e

J:fif,iI'r-!6~ C;fiii{n3~llf.J:fif,) O)flHf0fl:;fi:;Jf;!5~O)fjM0fl:;fill-tn:.i*fj:<, [,'t*a:;;t:;j;;y (1975) O)liif5eHh'<~,·(lH·0)t1;jlJlfu"f:R'Jliif1l:11ITt.l:bn -n,t.l:~'o q-Ji¥l:,;fi)IIiJf<;fiJ1lIi~SiIJ·f.;j:'t7JiJ~Mn CS0Jq:.)Jrl) :to J: tr*t~1:i1'.J!Jli:/J' i?~~i*ftO) J: ~ ,tlt'!S:/J~~:!h:.
%J.i?nt.:O)"'C;: ;: I;:.**,-t 7.:>0 ih~!6~O)fll'i¥!.1fl:;fillri:i'i:O)~ I::J !WO)fll'i¥ollf. t mRlt/J;~t.l: 7.:> 0)'(::,
u.r:il\~!5;j1li¥!.1llft J: tr, ~ ~1;:.:;;t:MI;:' J: -:> -C)ic!li:~nt.:m*iJf<*!j!fll15%o;iRM=F!Jli::tt!!~O)FEa1:i
C1fBJ1:i) i'Illlrr,q:.ifil)~O)fll'i¥!.1fl:;fi~~6i')7.:>o :iI\~!5fll'i¥!.11tY:11P'J*j1li¥!.1:l1l!~1R C:;;t:H, 1961; 1975)
0) fll'i!['mlr(:""(', t.:/J'bi?trf4, IjGCiSf4:toJ:trJi!TJ,9',/f'IV]O)';"-,;(, 'JT"~~, 17-3t/~:t~J:
tr-t.-O)~~O)to), :toJ:tr:E'J(*~ C$~O)to)/J;f!I~) /J'Gt.l:7.:>M¥ollf.""(';57.:>o iI'r-!61iilfuW,u,t.:/J'b G trf4~ll C6i'), ,;,.- ?1"~/J~ $~""(';5 7.:> ;: t, 'J T -;; ~~/J~$~/J'''?/N~HI:-t 7.:> ;: t,it.:~~/J~}J.iiiii:i\~~-t7.:>to)/J;f!I~I;:.t.l:7.:>;:t, :toJ:tr, Ginkgoidium H~~, 17-~ t/~O)~/J~·H~IHI:-t 7.:>;: t t.l: t· O)ilf.B"'C~ p fll'i¥!.1llf.t ~d.l: 7.:>0 i t.: J:i:i'i: 0) FE Oi;1:iM¥oM t UIIRlt/J~~t.l: 7.:>
;JJ~!5fll'i¥ollf.~tf.JRlt-t 7.:>~fiO):;i(fif,7t, -tt.l:bi?, Coniopteris, Birisia, Asplenium,0

Raphaelia, Adiantites, Dictyozamites cfr. cordatus, Nilssonia lobatidentata, Gillkgoites,
Leptostrobus, Pseudotorellia, Podozamites t.l: nl, [i'lJ1i!ff(;0),;,.-"":: ~ 7fll'i¥o:tt!!~1R1ill¥olrr. t;tt<ij t L <11 ~b6i')-CJ!I~O) t 0)""(';5 f), [i'lJ1i!ff(;0) rffil¥ofif,J1I~I1Ii¥ollf. C:;;t:t,t· fFE, 1975)

tIH'i? C7.:> L <~t.l:7.:>o tJJ:ll, :;;t:HO)~' Ij B*O)P'J*1tl'!¥o:tt!!~IRO)t1J.Jl'im/J~';"-"":: ~ 7Mi¥oB *O)7f.*fl!l¥o:tt!!~IRO)-t.-h Ul~t.l: -:>t.: t 0)""(';57.:>;: t ~JHt
vt -C~' 7.:> 0 ~\"!5)fi/J' G11, ~:!lO)itfl:;fi~ A'f- L -C ~, 7.:> /J;, ;: h i? I;:. ,,?~, -C 11JjiJKgcII!lt*l'r-t
7.:>0:;;t:H~ryj ·1)gJpiB"iJ.::tt!!~IRO)-t.-ni;:.J!i~""(';5 I),

Introduction

Inner Zone of Central Japan. Table 1
summarises the stratigraphy of thissupergroup. Vile now mention work on
the floras of the Tetori Supergroup.
The flora of the Kuzuryu Group(Kuzuryu
Flora) was described by KIMURA (1958b.
1959b). The flora of the Oguchi For.

The Tetori Supergroup is widelydistributed over Nagano, Gifu, Toyama,
Ishikawa and Fukui Prefectures in the* Received April 5, 1976: read Jan. 11, 197c1
at Fukuoka and June 14, 1975 at Morioka.

343

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

344

mati on (also called the Oguchi Flora andby earlier authors, the "Tetori Flora")
has been described by GEYLER (1877),
YOkOYAMA (1889), Y ABE(1905, 1922,1927a),
OISHI (1936, 1940,1941), MATSUO & OMURA(1968), KIMURA (1961) and KIMURA &SEKIDO (1965, '66, '67, '71, '72, '74, '75).
The monographical study of this flora is
now in progress by us.
The Akaiwa Flora is dealt with in thispaper but we now realize that the lower
and middle parts and the upper part of
the Tamodani Formation along the Tamodani, studied by KIMURA & HAY ASH!
may correspond to the Akaiwa Formationand the lower part of the Kitadani Formation respectively. The uppermost
member of the Tamodani Formation haveyielded a rich and peculiar flora (called
the Tamodani Flora by KIMURA, 1975a)
which includes Arctopterisand Jacutopterisand is of a character previously known
only in Siberia.
Now under a new heading, the floraof the Akaiwa Formation, we collected
in 1973-1975 many fossil plants and nonmarine shells from the Akaiwa Formation
at Bettokuzure on the southern slope ofTable 1.

Mt. Hakusan (2702 m) and Irahara along
the Osugidani, a branch of the uppercourse of the Tetori River, Shiraminemura, Ishikawa-gun, Ishikawa Prefecture,with the cooperation of Mr. K. Y AMAZAKI, a staff of the Komatsu City Museum
and several students of the Tokyo Gakugei University.
Thus, this paper is the second palaeobotanical study of the Akaiwa Flora, thefirst being in the paper by KIMURA(1975a).
Material
The plant remains described in thispaper have been graphitised or removed
from the plant substance and so, while
showing their form and venation clearly,
they are not suitable for the preparationof spores or cuticles.
The letters, BK and OS used forregistered number show the abbreviationof fossil localities, Bettokuzure and Osugidani respectively.
Specimens here
described are all deposited at the Komatsu City Museum, Komatsu City, Ishikawa Prefecture.

Brief stratigraphy and subdivision of the Tetori Supergroup.
Upper Cretaceous Asuwa Group(MATSUO, 1962) and its equivalents- - - unconformity - - Kitadani Formation (alternation ofsandstone, shale and tuff) (adaptedfrom MAEDA, 1958b) ; Late Neocomian below and Aptian above

Tetori Supergroup - -Itoshiro Group _-Akaiwa Formation and its equivalents(KAWAI, 1961) ; Late Neocomian

I-Oguchi Formation (KAWAI, 1961);
Early Neocomian- - - mostly unconformity - - -Kuzuryu Group; Late Jurassic

663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

Composition of the Akaiwa Flora
Among the collection from Bettokuzure
and Osugidani (Irahara), the determined
genera and species are shown in Table
2 together with those from the middle
member of the Tamodani Formation(after KIMURA, 1975a). Besides the above,
MAEDA, MAEDA & T AKENAMI and KAw AI listed the following species fromvarious localities of the Akaiwa Formation and its equivalents:
Kumanogawa
Formation (alternation ofsandstone and shale) along the Jintsu
and the Kumanogawa Rivers, Toyama
Prefecture (adapted from MAEDA &TAKENA~Il, 1957);
Adiantites sewardi, Onychiopsis elongata,
Sphenopteris goepperti, Cladophlebis argutula, C. dentieulata, C. distans, C. exilifonnis, C. hukuiensis, C. triangularis, C.
lobifolia,
Nilssonia orientalis,
Pterophyllum ? sp., Ginkgoites digitata, Czekanowskia rigida, Podozamites lanceolatus,
P. reinii and Taeniopteris sp.
Nochino Formation (conglomerate and sandstone) along the Uchinami and the Itoshiro Rivers, branches of the Kuzuryu
River, Fukui Prefecture (adapted from
MAEDA, 1957);
Onychiopsis elongata, Cladophlebis exiliformis, Podozamiles lanceolalus, P. reinii
and Xenoxylon laliporosum.
Tochio Formation (alternation of sandstoneand shale) along the Gamata River, Gifu
Prefecture (adapted from MAEDA, 1958a) ;Onychiopsis elongala, Cladophlebis den.
ticulata,
C. exiliformis,
Podozamites
lanceolatus and Xenoxylon latiporosum.
Akaiwa Formation around Mt. Hakusan in
Fukui, Ishika \Va and Gifu Prefectures(K-\'\vAI, 1961) ;lv! archant ites yabei, Equiset ites ushi·
marensis, E. sp., Coniopteris burejensis,
C. hymenophylloides, C. sp., Onychiopsis
elongata, Adiantites sewardi, Sphenopteris
goepperti, S. nitidula?, S. sp., Cladophlebis
argutula?, C. denticulata, C. distans, C.

345

exilijormis, C. hukuiensis, C. ishikawaensis,
C. lobifolia, C. triangularis, C. sp., Nils·
sonia koloi, N. nipponensis?, N. orientalis,
Otozamites klipsteinii, Ginkgodium nathorsti, Czekanowskia rigida, Elalocladussp., Taxodium sp., Sequoia? sp., Podozamites griesbachi, P. lanceolalus, P. reinii,
Taeniopteris richthofeni?, T.? sp. andXenoxylon latiporosum.

Characteristics of the Akaiwa FloraThe following characteristics of the
Akaiwa Flora seem noteworthy.
1) The Equisetales are only represented
by several tubers and a fragment ofstem with a node. These tubers resemble
closely in general outline those from the
Oguchi Formation, the Nagdong Groupof Korea and the Lower Cretaceous of
the Siberian Palaeofioristic Area proposed
by VAKHRAMEEV (1964, 1966, 1970, 1971).
2) Ferns are fairly numerous and varied,
though not so predominant as in the
Oguchi Flora. The specimens named
Gleichenites aff. porsildi agree well withthose in the Tamodani Flora. Coniopteris
which is diverse and abundant in the
Oguchi Flora is rather rare.
Only
doubtfully determined sterile leaf andseveral detached fertile pinnules wereobtained. Birisia onychioides formerly
called Coniopteris onychioides agrees withmaterial described from the various
localities of the Lower Cretaceous in the
Siberian Palaeofioristic Area. Cladophlebis
shinshuensis originally described by T ATEIW A from the Shinshu (Chinju in
Korea) Formation, Korea and that followed
by KI:YIURA (1958a) from the uppermost
member of the Tamodani Formation is
now clearly referable to Birisia onychioides. Asplenium sp. may remind us of acertain frond of Onychiopsis. Its pinnae,
however, are shorter than those of
Onychiopsis and its elongate-oval segments

Tats'Uaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

346

--

Table 2.

Composition and localities of the Akaiwa Flora.

Genera & Species----Localities

Equisetites sp. (tubers)
E. sp. (stem)
Cleichenites aff. porsildi
Coniopteris sp. cfr. C. hymenophylloides
C. sp. cfr. C. burejensis
Birisia onychioides
AspleniulIl cfr. dicksonianum
Cladophlebis ex gr. denticulata
C. distans
C. williamsoni var. tenuicculis
C. sp.
Sphenopteris goepperti
S. kochibeana................... ... --.--.--- -_._----------_ ...
Adiantites sp. B
A. sp. C
A. sp. D
Raphaelia sp. A
R. sp. B
Onychiopsis elongata
Dictyozamites cfr. cordatus
Nilssonia kotoi
N. lobatidentata
N. nipponensis
N. cfr. orientclis
Tetoria endoi
Cinkgoites digitata
C. huttoni
C. sibirica
C. sp.
Cinkgoidium ncthol-sti
Pseudotorellia sp_
Czelwnowskia sp.
Leptostrobus sp.
Podozamites angusti/olius
P. ex gr. lanceolatus
P. reinii
P. sp.
Elatocladus sp. A
E. sp. B
Pityophyllu111 I indstroemi
Xenoxylon latiporosum
Carpolithes sp.
Problematica

BK

OS

T

0
0
0
0

0
0

I

0
0

I

0

0
0
0
0
Q. ..
. . . . ..
00• • • • ___ 0 __ •

0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0

0

0

0
0

0
0

0
0
0
0
0
()

_0_

(\

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
()

----

0
0

0
()

BK: Bettokuzure; southwestern slope of Mt. Hakusan (2702 m), Shira mine·mura, Ishika wa·gun, Ishikawa Prefecture.
OS: Osugidani; Irahara, Shiramine.mura, Ishikawa.gun, Ishikawa Prefecture.
T: Tamodani; Hambara, Izumi.mura, Ono·gun, Fukui Prefecture.

663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formationor pinnules rather resemble the sterile
part of such Asplenium species as A.
dicksonianum which is an abundant element of the Early Cretaceous floras in
the Siberian Palaeo floristic Area.
3) Unclassified fern3 are represented bysuch form-genera as Cladophlebis, Sphenopteris, Adiantites, Raphaelia and Onychiopsis. Cladophlebis is rather rare andis represented by C. denticulata-type
frond having large pinnules and anothertype fronds having small and finely lobed
pinnules which remind us of sterile frondof Klukia or Alsophilites.
A single incomplete pinna fragment
regarded as Sphenopteris goepperti is
indistinguishable from the specimens
hitherto described under this comprehensive name. Though obscurely preserved,
three distinct types of Adiantites arerecognizable. Raphaelia has two species,
and it is the first record from japan.
The distinct basal constriction of RaPha~
elia pinnules remind us of that seen insome Osmunda pinnules. Raphaelia is oneof the common elements in the Latejurassic floras in the Siberian Palaeofloristic Area.
4) Cycadophytes are much poorer thanthose in the Oguchi Flora and are represented by Dictyozamites, Nilssonia andTetoria. Dictyozamites which is diverse
and abundant in the Oguchi Flora, isonly represented by a single incomplete
pinna. Several detached leaves of Nilssonia nipponensis were obtained, but thegeneral outline of these leaves is slightly
different from that of leaves of thisspecies from the Oguchi Formation.
The occurrence of Nilssonia lobatidentata
is worth mentioning because such species
with dentate distal margin as this species,
Nilssonia orskica GENKINA, N. prinadae
VACHRAMEEV, N. magnifolia SAMYLINA
and N. denticulata THOMAS are mainly
known in the floras in the Siberian

347

Palaeo floristic Area. The present specimens agree well with the original specimens of N. lobatidentata described by
VASSILEVSKAJA (1972). Tetoria endoi isrepresented by an incomplete ultimate
pinna fragment.
5) In marked contrast to the meagrenessin cycadophytes, ginkgoaleans, particularly Ginkgoidiu m nathorsti, are diverse andabundant. Had cuticular analyses succeeded in these leaves, the number of
species of ginkgoaleans in the Akaiwa
Flora would have increased.
6) Czefwnowskia is :rather rare. Only a
few leaf-fragments were .obtained. Some
detached Leptostrobus capsules were
found in association with ill-preserved
cone axes and doubtful scale leaves which
seem to be basal scales of the cone.
7) Podozamites leaves are also very
abundant and diverse. Podozamites angustifolillS, P. ex gr. lanceolatus and P.
reinii were recognized. Both Podozamites angllstifolius and P. reinii areusually encountered in the Oguchi and
the Nagdong Floras, and those in the
Siberian Palaeofloristic Area. It is worth
mentioning that ginkgoaleans and Podozamites leaves are very rare in the" Ryoseki Flora" located in the Outer Zone
Palaeofloristic Province of japan (KIMURA,
1961, 1975a, b; KIMURA & HIRATA, 1975).
8) Conifers apart from Podozamites arevery rare. We have only two types ofconiferous shoots which we place Formgenus Elatocladus (emended by HARRIS)
and some needle-like leaves we provisionally determine as Pityo phyllu m.
9) Picnoxylic wood determined as Xenoxylon latiporosum is fairly abundant.
10) No dicotyledons have not yet beenrecognized, but Sabal-like blades withthick axis occur abundantly at Irahara,
the Osugidani. Full analysis and discussion of the Sabal-like leaves will be madeafter a more complete study of our348

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

material.

Geological age of the Akaiwa Flora

Among strata constituting the Tetori
Supergroup, both the lowest Kuzuryu
Group and the uppermost Kitadani Formation might be able to date by theirmarine and brackish shells. The Kuzuryu
Group is now said to be Callovian-Kimmeridgian in age by its ammonites,
trigonians, etc., and the lower part of
the Kitadani Formation to be Late
Neocomian in age by its shells such as

Nakamuranaia, "Schistodesmus ", Plicatounio, Trigonioides, etc.
Unfortunately no useful time indicator
has been found from the Oguchi and
the Akaiwa Formation. We, however,
now regard the Oguchi Formation as
Early Neocomian in age and the Akaiwa
Formation as Late Neocomian, because
the Oguchi Formation overlies the Upper
Jurassic Kuzuryu Group with notableunconformity in the Kuzuryu River area
and the Akaiwa Formation is conformably
covered with the Kitadani Formation at
the Omichidani valley, a branch of theTetori River and in the Takinami River
area. Accordingly the geological age of
the Akaiwa Formation is naturally
considered to be Late Neocomian.

Comparison of floras

The Akaiwa Flora is distinguishable
from the Oguchi Flora below by its lessabundant ferns and its poor representation of cycadophytes, and from theTamodani Flora above by its composition.
All the floras of the Tetori Supergroup,
however, show resemblance to one another. All have Dicksoniaceous ferns,
Cladophlebis with large pinnules andcommon ginkgoalean and Podozamites
leaves. KIMURA (1961, 1975a, b) based
his idea of the Inner Zone Palaeofloristic
Province of Japan on these resemblance_
These floras are quite different incomposition from the "Ryoseki Flora"
located along the Outer Zone of Japan.
It was the reason that KIMURA has
established the Outer Zone Palaeofloristic
Province of japan. The floral transitional
history in the Tetori Supergroup will be
discussed in the monograph of the Oguchi
Flora by us.
1) Comparison with the contemporaneous
Lower Monobegawa Flora (in Outer Zone)
in Kochi Prefecture, Southwest japan.
The Lower Cretaceous System in theOuter Zone of japan is now divided into
three series, namely, the Lower Neocomian Ryoseki, the Upper Neocomian
Arita and the Aptian-Albian Miyak(}Series. The Arita and the Miyako Series
are called the Lower Monobegawa and theUpper Monobegawa Formations respectively in the Outer Zone of Southwest
japan.
The " Ryoseki Flora" was studied by
NATHORST (1890), YOKOYAMA (1894), YABE (1922, 1927a, b), HUZIOKA (1939) and
OISHI (1939a, b, 1940), but unfortunately
exact stratigraphical distribution of thefossil plants was not clear.
Recently, working for forty years, M_
HIRA TA (1972) showed his valuable result
regarding the stratigraphical distributionof fossil plants in Kochi Prefecture.
According to HIRATA, the fossil plantsfrom the Lower Monobegawa Formation
are as follows:
Marchantites yabei KRYSHTOFOVICH, Nathorstia oishii HUZIOKA, Klukia koraiensis(YABE) OISHI, K. yokoyamae OISI-II, Naktongia
yabei OISHI, Gleichenites nipponensis OISHI,
Weichselia reticulata (STOKES & WEBB)WARD, Sphenopteris goepperli DUNKER, S.

663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

spp., Adiantites sewardi YABE, A. yuasensis
Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER)YOKOY A,'IA, O. sp., Cladophlebis acutipenllis
OISHI, C. argutula (HEER) FONTAINE, C.
denticulata (ERONGNIART) NATHORST, C.
distans (HEER) em. YABE, C. exiliformis(GEYLER) em. OISHI, C. falcata OISHI. C.
hukuiensis OISHI, C. parvula OISHI, C. takezakii OISHI, C. undulata OISHI, C. spp., Pachy.
pteris sp., Otozamites klipsteinii (DUNKER)
SEW ARD, O. spp., Ptilophyllum pecten (PHIL.
LIPS) MORRIS, Wielandiella sp., Zamiophyllum
buchianum (ETTINGSHAUSEN) NATHORST, Z.
sp., Nilssonia orientalis HEER, N. schaumburgensis (DUNKER) NATHORST, N. tenuicaulis (PHILLIPS) FOX-STRANGWAYS, N. yabei
TATEIWA, N. spp., Taeniopteris spp., Podozamites lanceolatus (LINDLEY & HUTTON)BRAUN,
Frenelopsis hoheneggeri (ETTIKGSHAUSEN) SCHENK, Brachyphyllum expansum(STERKBERG) SEWARD, B. japonicum (YOKOY AMA) OISHI, B. sp., Elatocladus obtusifolia
OISHI, Sphenolepidium sp.
YOKOY A?-.IA,

Critical palaeobotanical studies areneeded on these fossil plants, but somepalaeobotanical informations have been
given by HUZIOKA (1973). However, as
is seen in the above list, the distinction
in composition between the Akaiwa Floraand the contemporaneous Lower Monobegawa Flora is notable. Common species
between them are merely five, namely,
Sphenopteris goepperti, Onychiopsis elongata, Cladophlebis denticulata, Nilssonia
orientalis and Podozamites lanceolatus.
Moreover, according to KIMURA'S critical observation of HIRATA'S collection
deposited in the Division of Fossil Exhibition, MAKINO Botanical Garden of Kochi
City, the specimens regarded as Nilssonia
orientalis by HIRATA are somewhat different from N. cfr. orientalis in the Akaiwa
Flora. HIRATA'S Cladophlebis denticiuata
is extremely small-sized. At any rate,
Sphenopteris goepperti, Cladophlebis denticulata and Podozamites lanceolatus arecomprehensively identified species, and349

are, as are generally known, inappropriate
to make them the materials for floral
comparison.
The Lower Monobegawa Flora is characterized by the occurrence of Marattiaceous and Matoniaceous ferns and by
the predominance of Cladophlebis withsmall or finely lobed pinnules, Zamiophyllum blades and Cupressus-like sterileshoots are regarded as Brachyphyllum(KIMURA & HIRATA, 1975).
No Dicksoniaceous fern has beenrecorded. Ginkgoalean and Podozamites
leaves are quite rare. It is worth mentioning that the first occurrence of Weichselia in Japan is recorded by HUZIOKA(1973). Weichselia is one of the wellknown elements in the Early Cretaceous
floras in many parts of the world. The
Lower Monobegawa Flora is similar incomposition to the Early Cretaceous
floras in the Indo-European Palaeofloristic
Area (V AKHRAMEEV, 1964,1966,1970,1971)
in Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous inage.
2) Comparison with an Early Cretaceous
flora in the Siberian Palaeofloristic Area.
Recently the palaeobotanical studies
in Siberia have promptly developed andmany comparable floras with the Akaiwa
Flora have been described. For example.
Early Cretaceous flora described by
ABRAMOVA (1970) from the middle courseof the Lena River area, near Zhigansk,
is referred to comparison. The composition of this flora is as follows:
Equisetites cfr. rugosus SAMYLlKA, Coniopteris onychioides VASSILEYSKAJA & KARAMURSA, Cladophlebis argutula (HEER) FONTAINE,
C. bulunkanensis ABRA"IOY A, C.
lenaensis V ACIIRAMEEV, Sclerapteris ermolaevii
VASSILEYSKAJA, Scleropteris tyrmensis SEWARD, Neozamites verchojanensis VACHRAMEEV, N.? sp., Anomozamites arcticus V ASSILEVSKAJA, Aldania umanskii VACHRA~IEE\'& LEBEDEV, A.? sp., Nilssonia lobatidentata

350

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

N. orientalis HEER, Taeniopteris sp., Ginkgo ex gr. adiantoides (UNGER)
HEER, G. paradiantoides SAMYLINA, G. parahuttoni ABRAMOV A, Sphenobaiera pselldolongifolia ABRA:VIOVA, S. sp., Pselldotorellia nordenskioldi (NATHORST) FLORIN, Phoenicopsis
dr. mirabilis (FLoRIN) SAMYLll\A, Stenorachis memkerensis ABRAMOV A.
VASSILEVSKAJA,This flora is very similar in generalfeature to the Akaiwa and the Oguchi
Floras except for Aldania showing unusual venation, though common species
between them are three, namely Coniopteris onychioides (= Birisia onychioides),Nilssonia lobatidentata and N. orientalis.
Cladophlebis fronds have usually largesized pinnules.· . Cladophlebis argutuld, C.
lenaensis-type arid Scleropteris-type fronds
are also· known' in the Oguchi Flora.
Recently we found Neozamites in the
Oguchi Flora (KIMURA & SEKIDO, 1971).
Ginkgo leaves are extremely similar to
those in the AkaiW'a·· and the Oguchi
Floras in external features.
According to VAKHRAMEEV (1971),
typical genera and species in the Neocomian floras in the Siberian Palaeofloristic
Area are as follnws:*Cladophlebis argutllla (HEER), *C. lenaensis*C. pseudolobifolia V ACHRAMEEV, C. sangarensis V ACHRAMEEV, *Coniopteris bllrejensis (ZALESSKY) SEWARD, *C.
nympharum (HEER) V ACHRAMEEV, *C. onychioides VASSILEVSKAJA & KARA-MuRSA, C.
setacea, (PRYNADA) V ACHRAMEEV, C. saportana (HEER) V ACHRAMEEV, *Jacutopteris
lenaensis VASSILEVSKAJA, *Gleichenia lobata
VACHRA~IEEV, Gonatosorus ketovae V ACHRA:VIEEV,
Aldania allriculata SAMYLlNA, A.
umanskii V ACHRAMEEV & LEBEDEV, A. vachrameevi SAMYLlNA, Anomozamites angulatlls
HEER, *Ctenis burejensis PRYNADA, C. nana
SA;\[YLlNA,
C. tygyensis V ASSILEVSKAJA,
Heilungia amurensis (NOVOPOKROVSKY) PRYNADA, H. sangarensis V ASSILEV5KAJA, Jacutiella amurensis (NOVOPOKROVSKY) * Neozamites verchojanensis V ACHRAMEEV, * Nilssonia
V ACIIRA~'IEEV,

lobatidentata V ASSILEVSKAJA, Pterophyllum
acuta (VASSILEVSKAJA) VACHRA1VIEEV, P.
polynovii (PRYNADA) KI~AssILov, P. tyrmensis(PRYNADA) KRASSILOV, Ginkgo paradiantoides
SA:VIYLlNA, Sphenobaiera angustiloba HEER,*Czekanowskia rigida HEER, * Phoenicopsis
angustifolia HEER, Podozamites gramineus
HEER, Rhipidiocladus fiabellata PRYXADA.

Each species in the above list withasterisk (or an allied form) occurs in
the floras of the Tetori Supergroup.
Thus it is clear that the Akaiwa Flora
together with other floras of the Tetori
Supergroup is close to the Early Cretaceous floras in the Siberian Palaeofloristic Area, though such cycadophytes
as Aldania, Heilungia and jacutiella have
not yet been recognized in the floras of
the Tetori Supergroup.

Acknowledgements
We express our sincere gratitude to
Dr. Thomas M. HARRIS, Professor Emeritus of the University of Reading, Englandfor his very helpful suggestions andkind reading' over the present manuscript. We are indebted to Dr. V. A.
VAKHRAMEEV, Geological Institute of
Academy of Sciences, Soviet Union for
his kind information on Nilssonia lobatidentata and for his kind presentation ofmany Russian papers regarding Mesozoic
palaeobotany. We also give our thanks
to Mr. K. YAMAZAKI for his invariable
help in collecting fossil plants and toMiss T. OHANA of the Tokyo Gakugei
University for her kind help in drawing
the figures in this paper. This study
has been undertaken in part with the
Aid of Grants from the Ministry of
Education of Japan and also the one
from the Section of cultural properties
protection, Board of Education, Ishikawa
Prefecture.

663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

Systematic description

We here describe whole our specimens
obtained from the Akaiwa Formationand its equivalents, but among themthose from the middle member of the
Tamodani Formation are briefly noted.
For further details, see KLVIURA, 1975a.
In describing the species our descriptive
notes and figures refer solely to ourmaterial from the Akaiwa Formation.
Only in later discussion do we refer tospecimens from other formations.

Equisetales
Genus Equisetites STERNBERG, 1833: 43
Equisetites sp. (stem)

PI. 39, fig. 7 shows a piece of stemwith one node. Stem impression 13 mm
wide, showing longitudinal ridges, nodeslightly wider (no other significant details
visible).
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: One specimen only.
Specimen: BK-135.

Equisetites sp. (tubers)
KI~IL·R.·\,

Gleichenites aff. porsildi SEWARD
PI. 36, fig. 2; Text-fig. 2
1975a. Gleichenites aff. porsildi SE\YARD: KI~ICRA, p. 70, pI. 7, figs. 1, 2, 3, 5; pI.
S, fig. 2; figs. 4-.1a, b.

The present specimens agree well withthose described by KIMURA as Gleichenites aff. porsildi from the uppermost
member of the Tamodani Formation(Horizon- TG and TH).
Localities: Bettokuzure & Osugidani.
Occurrence: Common.
Specimens: BK-148, OS-002. OS-006, OS031.
Family Dicksoniaceae
Genus Coniopteris BRONGNIART, 1849: 26

PI. 39, fig. 7

1975a. Equisetites sp.:
fig. l.

351

p. 68, pI. 5,

It is noteworthy that no upright aerial
stems have yet been found with thesetubers.
Locality: Tamodani, Horizon-Te.
Occurrence: Common.
Filicales
Family Gleicheniaceae
Genus Gleichenites GOEPPERT, 1836: 172

Coniopteris sp. cfr. C. hymenophylloides(BRONGNIART) SEWARD
PI. 36, fig. 3A, B; Text-fig. 1

Description: A sterile leaf \yith four
penultimate pinnae is shown in PI. 36,
fig. 3A, B and Text-fig. 1. Ultimate
pinnae on the right penultimate pinna
in PI. 36, fig. 3A are fairly large in size;
ultimate pinnae set closely, overlapping
each other laterally, linear, elongateIan ceo late in outline, 4-5 cm long and1-1.5 cm wide at basal portion, attachedto the slender penultimate pinna axis at
an angle of 50 degrees; pinnules set
closely, attached to the very delicate
ultimate pinna axis at a wide angle below
and at an acute angle above; posterior
pinnules, 1-1. 2 cm long and 4 mm wide,of which lamina divided into 9-11 deep
lobes with rounded or obtusely pointed
apex; lobes directed forward; on the
middle portion of ultimate pinna, thenumber of lobes of pinnule decreased
and the basiscopic laminae are markedly

352

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

reduced; apical pinnules rhomboidal inform, small, with obtusely or subacutely
pointed apex. Venation of Sphenopteristype; midnerve distinct, persisting to
the tip of each pinnule,decurrent at base,giving off indistinct secondaries at anacute angle; posterior secondaries once
forking and anterior ones simple; eachlobe receiving one secondary nerve. In
penultimate pinna, basal basiscopic pinnules all missing, upper pinnules probably
anadromic order. Basal acroscopic pinnules not specialized. Ultimate pinnae
on left penultimate pinna long and narrow, with small, rhomboidal and entire
pinnules.
PI. 36, fig. 3B is associated with thespecimen in fig. 3A. Ultimate pinnae
short-lanceolate in outline and with acu.min ate apex. Pinnules rhomboidal or
elongate-oval in outline with rounded or
obtusely pointed at apex; laminae of
posterior ones shallowly lobed. The
basal basiscopic ones not specialized.
Remarks: In general outline of pinnules,
the present specimen resembles somesterile leaves hitherto described under
the name of Coniopteris hymenophylloides
and C. burejensis. No fertile leaf has
been found. According to HARRIS (1961,
p. 147) in a typical size leaf of Conioptais burejensis, sterile pinnules are rhomboidal, about 7 mm long and 2. 5 mm
wide, with acutely pointed apices pointing
forward; the margins more or less indented to form lobes with sharp apices.
The present pinnules, however, aremostly with rounded or obtusely pointed
apices instead of acutely pointed ones.
LEBEDEV (1965) illustrated in detailseveral sterile leaves of Coniopteris burejensis derived from the Upper Jurassic
of Zeia River area. The deeply divided
lobes with rounded or obtusely pointed
apices, as usually seen in the posterior
pinnules of the present specimen, are notillustrated in his figure.
Yet, the present specimen is not fully
identifiable with Coniopteris hymenophylloides, because the basal basiscopic pinnules \vhich might hold the key to theattribution of this specimen, are all missing.
Under such circumstances, we here
regard the present specimen as Coniopteris sp. cfr. C. hymenophylloides.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: One specimen only.
Specimen: BK -156.

Coniopteris sp. cfr. C. burejensis(ZALESSKY) SEWARD
Text-fig. 10

Several detached fertile and sterilepinnules were preserved. Text-fig. 10shows one sterile and three fertile pinnules which strongly remind us of theseof Coniopteris burejensis.
Locality: Osugidani.
Occurrence: One slab only.
Specimen: OS-108.

Genus Birisia SAMYLINA, 1972: 95

Birisia onychioides (V ASSILEVSKAJA& KARA-MuRSA) SAMYLINA
1975a. Birisia onychioides (VASSILEVSKAJA &KARA-MuRSA) SAMYLINA: KIl\lURA, p.
71, pI. 5, figs. 6-9; pI. 6, figs. 1-4; figs.
4-2a-d.

For further references, see KIMURA,
1975a.
Locality: Tamodani, Horizon-TD.
Occurrence: Abundant.
Family Aspleniaceae
Genus Asplenium LINDE, 1753

663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

353

43
5 i\

o

,

1

2,
em

Text.figs. 1-7.
1. Coniapteris sp. cfr. C. hymenophylloides, drawn from PI. 36, fig. 3A. 2. Gleichenites aff. porsildi, from PI. 36, fig. 2. 3. Sphenopteris goepperti, from PI. 37, fig. 4.
4. Onychiopsis elongata, from PI. 36, fig. 1. 5. Cladophlebis williamsoni var. tenui·caulis, from PI. 36, fig. 5 and PI. 38, fig. 6. 6. Cladophlebis distans (BK5-003). 7.
Sphenopteris kochibeana (BK5-022).

Asplenium cfr. dicksonianum HEER
Text-fig. 11

Text-fig. 11 shows a part of a penultimate (?) pinna.
Ultimate pinnae (orpinnules) set remotely, linear, elongatelanceolate in outline, 3 cm long and o. 5
cm wide at middle, attached alternately
or suboppositely to the slender axis at
an angle of 60 degrees. Pinnules (orlobes), set very closely, 5-6 in number
on each side of delicate axis, linear,elongate-lanceolate in outline, entire withacutely pointed apex and strongly directed forward. Venation not visible.
Two incomplete sterile pinna fragments
were obtained. In general appearance,
the present specimens resemble somepinnae with entire pinnules (or lobes)
originally described by HEER (1874) from

354

Tatsuaki KIlvIURA and ShinJ'i SEKIDO

the Lower Cretaceous of Greenland under
the name of Aspleniu ill dic1lsonianum (p.
31, pI. 1, figs. 1-5) and later by VASSILEVSKAJA & PAVLOV (1963) from theLower Cretaceous of Lena Basin (pI. 33,
figs. 1-3).
Full description and discussion of theOsugidani material must await the discovery of better specimem'.
Locality: Osugidani.
Occurrence: Rare.
Specimens: OS-102, OS-HI.

Unclassified ferns
Form-genus Cladophlebis
BROKGKIART. 1849: 105

Cladophlebis distans (HEER)Y ABE (non FONTAINE)
Text-fig. 61877. AS1Jlenium (Diplazium) distans HEER:
p. 97, pI. 19, figs. 5-6, ?7 (JurassoCretaceous of Amur1and).
1889. Asplenium distans HEER: YOKOYA~IA,
p. 32, pI. 3, fig. 2; pI. 11, fig. 4; pI. 1-1,
fig. 1 (Kuwashima, Hakogase andUshimaru, Oguchi Formation and its
equivalents) .
1922. Cladophlebis distans (HEER) YAI3E: p.
13, pI. 1, fig. 6; pI. 2, fig. 3; text-fig.
9 (Shurihama, Upper Jurassic Mone
Formation; Nochino, an equivalent ofOguchi Formation).
19.10. Cladophlebis distans (HEER) Y...,.UE:OISHI, p. 258, pI. 11, figs. 2, 3, 3a (Kuwashima, Oguchi Formation).
1958b. Cladophlebis distans (HEER) Y AUE :KI:>'ICRA, p. 19, pI. 3, figs. 3, 6; pI. -1,
figs. 1, 2; text-fig. 3 (Wakogo, Kuzuryu Group).

Remarks: The present specimens. thoughincomplete fragments of pinnae withlarge-sized pinnules, agree well with theemended diagnosis of this species given

by Y ABE (1922. p. 14), and are indistinguishable from those illustrated by theprevious authors.
Cladophlebis distans instituted by FONTAINE (1889, p. 77) is a homonym of thepresent species.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occllrence: Common.
SPecimens: BK5-003, BK5-030, BK5-036,
BK5-050, BK5-057.

Cladophlebis williamsoni (BRONGNIART)
BRONGNIART var. tenuicaulis THOMAS
PI. 36, figs. 5, 6; PI. 38, fig. 6; Text-fig. 5
williamsoni
1911. Cladophlebis(Todites)(BRO:\G"IART) var. tenuicaulis THO~IAS: p. 69, pI. 3, figs. 11, 12a (Jurassicof Kamenka).
1926. Cladophlebis williamsoni BR00:GNIART
cfr. var. tenuicaulis THOMAS: KAWASAKI, p. 26, pI. 7, fig. 21 (Nampo,
Rhaeto-Liassic Daedong Group, Korea).

Description: Frond probably bipinnate;size unknown. Pinnae long and narrow,linear, set closely, often overlapping eachother laterally, narrowing gradually towards the acuminate apex, 1-2 cm wideat middle. Pinnules vary considerably
in size and form with their position on
the frond, set closely, acutely or subacutely pointed at apex; laminae expanded and continuous at their bases.
Midnerve distinct, persisting to the tip,
fairly decurrent at base, secondaries onceor twice forked.
PI. 38, fig. 6 (BK -123) shows a typicalform of pinna; posterior pinnules elongate-triangular in form, slightly falcate,attached to the pinna axis at an angleof 50 degrees; anterior ones deltoid inshape, directed forward. PI. 36, fig. 5(BK -072) shows a pinna apex. PI. 36, fig.
6 (BK -140) shows a fragment of largesized pinna probably near the base of663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

the frond; pinnules are large-sized,
attached to the pinna axis at an angleof 50 degrees; secondaries forking twice.
Text-fig. 5 shows a pinna reconstructedfrom the specimens shown in PI. 36, fig.
5 and PI. 38, fig. 6.
Remarks: Many specimens \vere obtained.
though they are all incomplete fragmentsof pinnae. It is difficult to identify suchsterile Cladophlebis leaves as mentioned
above depending only on their externalfeatures, because there are many similar
Cladophlebis forms hitherto known.
The present specimens, however. arevery like Cladophlebis williamsoni (BRON'GN'IART) var. tenuicaulis originally described by THOMAS from the jurassicof Kamenka and later by KAWASAKI as
cfr. var. tenuicaulis from the RhaetoLiassic of Korea.
The present specimens are also likethose regarded as Cladophlebis williamsoni(BRONGNIART) by V AKHRAMEEV (1958),
VAKHRAMEEV & DOLUDENKO (1961) and
VASSILEVSKAJ A & PAVLOV (1963) fromthe jurasso-Cretaceo:ls of Siberia.
Some specimens regarded as Clad.
ophlebis denticulata (BRO~GNIART) resemble the present ones, but in the former secondary nerves are usually forking
once. Cladophlebis fastuosa originallyde£cribed by KIMURA (1959a) from the
Liassic of Iwamuro, Gumma Prefecture,japan, is another allied form, but inthe former pinnules the secondary nerves
are forking once, too.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Common.
Specimens: BK-006, BK-014, BK-041, BK059, BK-070, BK-072, BK-086, BK-123,
BK-125, BK-131. 8K-140, BK-144, BK152, BK -169.

Cladophlebis ex gr. denticulata(BRONGNIART) FONTAINE

355

1975a. Cladophlebis ex gr. denticulata (BRONGNIART) FO"TAI!\"E: KIMURA, p. 78, pI.
5, fig. 11; pI. 6, fig. 5; figs. 4-5a, b.

Locality: Tamodani, Horizon-TD.
Occurrence: Not rare.
Cladophlebis sp.
Text·fig. 15

An incomplete frond with small-sizedpinnules of Pecoptel'is-type was obtained.
Venation not visible. In general appearance, it resembles Cladophlebis exilifonnis(GEYLER) OISHI taken in broad sense.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: One specimen only.
SPecimen: BK -148.
Form.genus Sphenopteris(BRONGNIART) STERNBERG, 1825: 15

Sphenopten's goepperti DUKKER
PI. 37, fig. 4; Text·fig. 3

japanese specimens only:
1889. Thrsopteris kagensis YOKOYA:\IA: p. 23,
pI. 1, figs. 6, 6a; pI. 11, fig. 7 (Kuwa·
shima & Ushimaru, Oguchi Formation).
1889. Sphenoptc7"is sp. YOKOYAMA: p. 34, pI.
14, figs. 13, 13a (Hakogase, Oguchi
Formation) .
1890. Sphenopteris dr. goepperti DU:-iKER
NATHORST, p. 11, pI. 6, figs. 2, 3 (Ryo·seki, Ryoseki Formation).
1894. Sphenopteris tenuicula YOKOYAlvIA: p.
217, pI. 20, fig. 11 (Kagahara, Upper
Monobegawa Formation); p. 21, figs.
2, 2a, 3 (Yuasa, Ryoseki Formation) ;pI. 28, fig. 6 (Kaisekiyama, Ryoseki
Formation); pI. 28, fig. 6 (Kaiseki·
yama, Ryoseki Formation).
1922. Sphenopteris (Ruf/ordia) goepperti Du);·
KER: YABE, p. 4, pI. 3, fig. 5 (Kuwa·
shima, Oguchi Formation).
1927a. Sphenopteris gopperti DUNKER: Y ABE,

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

356

,
I

I
I
\

9

\

,
I

16

8

~I

- - , ,:,
, ,

~.

,

~~!V
'>"
, ,
, ,

,,
,,

: :c,

,

, ,
').,.::
,,

17

, ,
,, ,,
:,

.:;,...
,
if

1
I

2
I

em
Text.figs. 8-17.

8. Adiantites sp. D, drawn from PI. 36, fig . .(; 9. Adiantites sp. C (OS-031); 10.
Coniopteris sp. cfr. C. burejensis (OS-108); 11. Asplenium cfr. dicksonianum (OS102); 12. Raphaelia sp. B (BK-151); 13 & 14. Raphaelia sp. A, from PI. 38, fig.
2; 15. Cladophlebis sp. (BK-148); 16. Dictyozemites cfr. cordatus, from PI. 37, fig.
1; 17; Nilssonia nipponensis, from PI. 37, fig. 2.

668.

Mesozoic plants from the Akai'Wa Formation

p. -11 (Tannohama & Mizutani, Ryoseki Formation).
1931. Sphenopteris goepperti DU:,\KER: OISHI,
p. 6, pI. 1, figs. 11, 12 (Takada, Ryoseki Formation)_
19·10. Sphenopteris (Ruffordia) goepperti Du:,\KER: OISHI, p. 238, pI. 8, fig. 4 (Takaji,
Ryoseki Formation).
1958b. Sphenopteris (Ruffordia) goepperti DUNKER: KIMURA, p.17 (Mochiana, Kuzuryu Group).

Remarks: Two incomplete sterile pinnae
only were found. Their venation is not
visible but they agree in general appearance with the specimens cited above.
Sphenopteris goepperti is very common
in Japan in the Late Jurassic and Early
Cretaceous in age.
OISHI (1940, p. 238) included Acrostichopteris longipennis recorded by NAGAO(1926, p. 380) and A. efr. longipennis by
Y ABE (1927a, p. 41) from the Arita Formation, an equivalent of the Lower Monobegawa Formation in Sphenopteris
goepperti. But we distinguish them asa result of unpublished work (KIMURA& KANSHA, MS).
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Rare.
Specimens: BK -010, BK -113.
Sphenopteris kochibeana(YOKOYAMA) OISHI
Text-fig. 7
1975a. Sphenopteris kochibeana (YOKOYA:VIA)OISHI: KIMURA, p. 79, pI. 5, fig. 10; figs.
4-7a, b (uppermost member of the
Tamodani Formation).

Remarks: As was stated by OISHI (1940,
p. 242), this species should be placed in
the Form-genus Sphenopteris rather than
Adiantites as the habit of the frond,
especially the shape of pinnules andnervation are Sphenopteris-like.

357

Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Rare.
Specimens: BK5-022, BK5-034.
Form-genus AdianUtes
GOEPPERT, 1836: 173

Adiantites sp. B
1975a. Adiantites sp. B. KIMURA: p. 76, pI. 7,
figs. 6, 7.

A single incomplete pinnule, though its
apical part missing, agrees in general outline and venation with those described by
KIMURA as Adiantites sp. B from the
middle member (Horizons-TC & TD) of
the Tamodani Formation.
Localities: Tamodani, Horizons- TC &TD; Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Rare, one specimen only from
Bettokuzure.
SPecimen: BK-047.

Adiantites sp. C
Text-fig. 9

Text-fig. 9 shows an incomplete slender
pinnate frond, the rachis is buried in thematrix. Pinnules small, possibly shortstalked, semi-orbicular in form, and with
undulate or irregularly and shallowly
lobed distal margin; nerves numerous,
divergent and repeatedly forking dichotomously. Fructification not known.
The present pinnules, which show theirveins faintly, remind us of those of
Adiantites toyoraensis originally namedby OISHI (1931i and described in 1940
from the Kiyosue Formation, Yamaguchi
Prefecture, but their venation is somewhat
different.
Locality: Osugidani.
Occurrence One slab only.
SPecimen: OS-031.

:~58

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shindi SEIUDO
Adiantites sp. D
PI. 36, fig. 4; Text-fig. 8

PI. 36, fig. 4 shows an incomplete slender
pinnate frond, its rachis is buried in thematrix. Pinnules small, cuneate andshort stalked; lamina divided into twosegments by a deep median sinus; apexof each segment finely dentate. Nerves
numerous, fine and dichotomously forking
at all levels.
The present pinnules are different inform from those of Adiantites sp. C inwhich they are semi-orbicular in form andtheir laminae are not divided into twosegments by a deep median sinus.
Locality: Osugidani.
Occurrence: One specimen only.
SPecimen: OS-095.

Form-genus Raphaelia DEBEY &ETTINGSHAUSEN, 1859: 40
This form-genus is characterised byentire or lobed pinnules attached to the
pinna axis by a constricted base. We
here describe two types of pinnules under
this generic name. Some living speciesof Osmundu have very similar pinnules.

Raphaelia sp. A
PI. 38, fig. 2; Text-figs. 13, 14

Description: Pinnules set closely at awide angle to slender pinna rachis, subopposite. Pinnules slightly falcate, typically
1. 5-1. 7 cm long, narrowing gradually toan acute apex, base strongly constricted,
distal pinnules shorter and triangular.
Upper surface of pinnules convex,
and margins often reflexed. Midrib
distinct, slightly sinuous, secondaries at
an angle of about 60 degrees, mostly
forked once in the middle region.

Several pinna fragments were obtained.
PI. 38, fig. 2 (BK -163) shows one of the
pinna fragments obtained and Text-fig.
13 and 14 show the outline of pinnules
and detailed venation.
Remarl<s: The present fragments agreewith the genus Raplwelia in their pinnules which have a characteristicallyconstricted base and similar venation.
Species with pinnules of this form range
from the Upper Triassic of Northernand Central Americas into Cretaceous.
They are particularly common in theUpper Jurassic of Siberia.
Raplwelia stricta V ACHRAMEEV (V AKHRAMEEV & DALUDENKO, 1961, p. 77, pI.
24, fig. 3; pI. 29) from the Bureja
Basin is similar but has narrower
pinnules.
These specimens are the first recordof Raplwelia in Japan.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Not rare.
Specimens: BK -163 (collected by E. FUJII),
BK -164, BK -121.

Raphaelia sp. B
Text-fig. 12

Ultimate pinnae set closely, nearlyparallel-sided. about 1 cm wide. unknown
length, attached to the axis at a wide
angle. Pinnules set closely, small-sized,
rectangular in form, 6 mm long and 2
mm wide, constricted at base, obtusely
or rounded at apex, attached to the axis
at a wide angle; both basal margins
expanded. Midnerve distinct (but thesecondaries invisible). Upper surface of
pinnules mostly convex and both lateral
margins are slightly reflexed.
Two ill-preserved pinna fragments
were obtained. Text-fig. 12 shows anoutline of pinnules.
The attribution of the present spec i-

663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

mens, two ill-preserved pinna fragments,
to Raphaelia is based on their markedly
constricted bases of their pinnules. The
present pinnules are different in formand size from those of Raphaelia sp. A
shown above.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Rare.
Specimens: BK-151, BK-128.
Form-genus Onychiopsis
YOKOY AM A, 1889: 26

Onychiopsis elongata(GEYLER) YOKOYAMA
PI. 36, fig. 1; Text·fig. 4

1877. Thyrsopteris elongata GEYLER: p. 224,
pI. 30, fig. 5; pI. 31, figs. 4-5 (Kuwa·
shima, Oguchi Formation).
For further references, see KIMURA,
1975a.

Many sterile pinna fragments referable
to this well· known species were obtained,
one of which was shown in PI. 36, fig. 1(BK-103). Text-fig. 4 shows an outlineof pinnules and venation drawn from
BK-103.
Localities: Tamodani (Horizons-TC, TD) ;Bettokuzure; Osugidani.
Occurrence: Common.
SPecimens: BK-030, BK-103, BK-138, OS022, OS-009, OS-041, OS-052, OS-093,
OS-103, OS-l07.
Bennetti tales
Genus Dictyozamites OLDHAM &MORRIS, 1863: 37
We illustrated in our previous paper
the typical pinna forms of 25 Dictyozamites species known at that time. It is
worth mentioning that Dictyozamites isquite rare in the Akaiwa Formation and359

represented only by Dictyozamites cfr.
cordatus in contrast with the abundantoccurrence of various Dictyozamites
species from the underlying Oguchi Formation.

Dictyozamites cfr. cordatus(KRYSHTOFOVICH) PRYNADA
PI. 37, fig. 1; Text-fig. 16

Compare:1929. Proteaephyllum cordatu11l KRYSHTOFOVICII: p. 125, pI. 59, fig. 5.

1932. Proteaephyllu11l cordatu11l KRYSHTOFO·
VIOl: KRYSHTOFOVICH
p. 373.

&

PRYNADA,

1933. Proteaephyllum cordatu11l KRYSIITOFO\"ICH: pI. 3, fig. l.

1963. Dictyozamites

cordatus (KRYSHTOFOVIOl) PRYNADA: p. 109, pI. 3, fig. 2.
1967. Dictyozamites cordatus (KRYSHTOFOVICH) PRYNADA: KRASSILOV, p. 155, pI.
42, fig. 1; pI. 43, fig. l.
1970. Dictyozamites cordatus (KRYSIITOFOVIOl) PRYNADA: VAKHRA~lEEV, p. 121,
Text-figs. 1, 2.

Description: Pinna nearly circular inoutline, 4.5 cm long and 4 cm wide at
middle, attached to the rachis by a very
narrow area at the centre of its cordate
base; both basal angles rounded; uppersurface of lamina convex; lamina filledwith fine meshes as partly shown in
Text-fig. 16.
A single pinna fragment was obtained
and all that we could make out of its
margin and venation is shown in Textfig. 16.
Remarks: In its pinna outline andevenly distributed fine meshes on its
lamina. the present specimen reminds
us of Dictyoza mites cordatus originallyregarded by KRYSHTOFOVICH as a dicotyledon, Proteaephyllum cordatum andlater transferred by PRYNADA (1963) and360. Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji ,SEKIDOKRASSILov (1967) with the help of their
new material from the Lower Cretaceousof Southern Primorye to Dictyozamites
and also by V AKHRAMEEV (1970) fromthe Lower Cretaceous of Lena Basin.
Dictyozamites cordatus is the only
species known to us with round, sessil
pinnae but because our specimen is illpreserved we merely determine it as D.
cfr. cordatus. Dictyozamites kawasakii
is somewhat similar but has oblong pinnae and its vein meshes are long andwide in the middle region and short andnarrow near the margins instead of being
uniform (see KIMURA & SEKIDO, 1976).
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: One specimen only.
SPecimen: BK-112.
Cycadales
Genus Nilssonia BRONGNIART,
1825: 200
In the Akaiwa Formation Nilssonia
leaves are rather rare than those in the
Oguchi Formation and only Nilssonia
kotoi, N. lobatidentata, N. nipponensis andN. cfr. orientalis have' been known.
Nilssonia kotoi (YOKOYAMA) OISHI
PI. 37, fig. 5

1889. Dioonites kotoei YOKOYAMA: p. 44, pI.
7, figs. 1a-c, Ie; pI. 14 fig. 14 (Kuwashima & Hakogase, Oguchi Formationand its equivalent).
1905. Dioonites? sp. Y ABE: p. 14, pI. 3, fig. 7(Nagdong Group, Korea).
1905. Ctenophyllum,? sp. YABE: p. 15, pI. 4,
fig. 7: (Nagdong Group).
1940. Nilssonia kotoi (YOKOYAMA) .OISHI: p.
302, pI. 25, figs. 3, '3a; pI. 44, fig. 3B(kuwashima & Okamigo, Oguchi 'Forma Hon and its equivalent).
1961. Nilssonia kotoi (YOKOYAMA) o ISI'lI ':KIMURA, p. 29, ,pI. 5, fig. 3 (Mekkodani,
Oguchi Formation).

Description: Segments long and narrow,with acutely pointed apices, attached tothe upper edge of rachis at a wide angle
below and about 50 degrees above, by
their whole bases.
Upper segments
falcate. Nerves simple, parallel, distant,
4-5 in number in each segment, runningobliquely ,downwards in the grooved
surface of the rachis to its median line.
Two leaf fragments which agree wellwith those dercribed by YOKOYAMA under
the name of Dioonites kotoei regarded
later by OISHI as Nilssonia kotoi, wereobtained. PI. 37, fig. 5 (BK-027) showsa part of an elongate-obqvate to leaf.
Remarks: Nilssonia brongniarti(MANTEL)BRONN is one of the allied forms to thisspecies. N. brongniarti is known fromthe Wealden of England and Germany
and from the Lower Cretaceous ofWestern Canada (BELL, 1956) and Southern Primorye (KRASSILOV, 1967). KRASSILOV referred Dioonites kotoi describedby KRYSHTOFOVICH (1916, 1928) and by
KRYSHTOFOVICH & PRYNADA (1932) to
N. brongniarti.
According to OISHI (1940), Nilssonia
kotoi is distinguishable by its nerves
which bend downwards on the rachis
instead of being straight in N. brongniarti.
Several allied forms to this species
have been described from the Lower
Cretaceous in the Siberian Palaeofloristic
Area. They include Nilssonia sinensis
YABE & OISHI (1933, p. 224, pI. 33, figs.
7-9, 9a; pI. 35, fig. 2) from the JurassoCretaceous (or Liassic) of Sha-ho-tzu andWei-chia-pu-tzu, Liaoning, N-E China, N.
borealis SAMYLINA (1964, p. 70, pI. 18,
figs. 1-3) from the Lower Cretaceous ofKolyma Basin, and so on. As was pointec
out by OISHI (1940), this species is indis-

663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

tinguishable externally from N. sinensis.
Dioonites ? sp. and Ctenophyllum ? sp.
described by Y ABE from the Lower
Cretaceous Nagdong Group is now referable to this species, though Y ABE'S
specimens are incomplete.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Rare.
Specimens: BK-027, BK-079.
Nilssonia lobatidentata V ASSILEVSKAJA
PI. 36, fig. 7; PI. 38, fig. 1 ; Text-figs. 18, 19

1963. Nilssonia lobatidentata V ASSILEVSKAjA:
VASSILEVSKAjA & PAVLOV, pI. 6, figs.
1-3 (Lower Cretaceous of Lena Basin).
1972. Nilssonia lobatidentata V ASSILEVSKAjA:
p. 322, pI. 7-1, figs. 1, 2 (original description; Lower Cretaceous of Lena
Basin).
1970. Nilssonia lobatidentata VASSILEVSKAjA:ABRA:.\IQV A, p. 45, pI. -1, figs. 2-5(Lower Cretaceous of Lena Basin).
1976. Nilssonia lobatidentata V ASSILEVSKAjA:
KIMURA & SEKlDO: p. 307, text fig. 41(Mekkodani, Oguchi Formation).

Description: Leaf elongate-oblanceolate
in outline, tapering gradually below,
lamina divided into segments which are
uneven in width; commonly equal tolength below, then longer than middle
to· above; apical segments unusuallybroad. Shape of segments very varied
and the distal margin of segments irregularly and strongly dentate. Nerves
simple, 28 per cm at the middle ofsegment.
Several leaves were obtained. Twoof which are shown in PI. 36, fig. 7 (BK153) and PI. 38, fig. 1 (BK -136) and Textfigs. 18 and 19.
Remarks: In our previous paper we
described three incomplete leaves of thisspecies obtained from the Oguchi Formation. From this locality of the Akaiwa Formation, we collected the similar

361

leaves by the help of several students.
These leaves agree essentially with thisSiberian species.
The comparison with other Nilssonia
leaves with dentate distal margin ofsegments, i.e., Nilssonia orskica GENKINA,
N. prinadae V ACHRAMEEV, N. magnifolia
SAMYLINA, N. denticulata THOMAS and
N. serrulata OISHI, was already mentioned
in our previous paper.
Indeed, it is worth mentioning that thefirst four are all Siberian and the last one
is from the Lower Cretaceous NagdongGroup, Korea.
The occurrence of this species fromthe Lower Cretaceous of "Tetori Basin"
is notable because it gives evidence
suggesting similarity of environment atthat time between Siberia and the "Tetori
Basin", Inner Zone of Japan.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Common.
SPecimens: BK-044, BK-073, BK-136, BK143, BK-153 (collected by J. HORIUCHI),
BK-154, BK-157, BK-173 (collected by
N. SASAKI), BK5-021, BK5-064.
Nilssonia nipponensis YOKOYAMA
PI. 37, fig. 2; Text-fig. 17

1889. Nilssonia nipponensis YOKOY A:YIA: p. 42,
pI. 6, fig. 8d; pI. 7, figs. 2-7, 8a; pI. 12,
fig. 6; pI. 13, fig. 1 (Kuwashima &Okamigo, Oguchi Formation and its
equivalent) .
For further references, see KIMURA &SEKlDO, 1975.

Description: Leaf petioled, oblanceolate
in outline, segmented, incisions sharp.
Segments alternate, perpendicular to
the rachis, mostly broader than length,
straight in the upper margin, strongly
convex in the lower, distal margin often
finely serrate. Nerves dense, simple,
parallel, rising at right angle to the362

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

23b

Text-figs. 18-26.
18 & 19. Nilssonia lobatidentata, drawn from PI. 38, fig. 1 and PI. 36, fig. 7; 20.
Ginkgoites digitata, from PI. 38, fig. 3; 21. Ginkgoites huttoni, from PI. 38, fig. 5
and PI. 39, fig. 6; 22. Ginkgoites sibirica (BK-167); 23. Ginkgoidium nathorsti(BK-145, BK-032B, BK-052); 24. Podozamites angustifolius, from PI. 37, fig. 3; 25.
Elatocladus sp. A, from PI. 39, fig. 8; 26. Pityophyl/um lindstroemi (BK-096).

663.

il1esozoic plants from the Alcaiwa Formation

rachis.
Many leaf fragments were obtained.
Text-fig. 17 shows two typical leaves
drawn from PI. 37. fig. 2 (BK-088).
Remarks: The general feature of present
leaves agrees well with the original
diagnosis of Nilssonia nipponensis given
by YOKOY Al\IA (1889).
Nilssonia Ilipponensis is the only speciesof Nilssonia so far known in which theleaves have been found still attached toa stem, the stem being slender and named
Nilssoniocladus nipponensis by us (KIMURA & SEKIDO, 1975).
It is evident that the present leaves
agree with those of Nilssoniocladus nipponensis, although in this locality no leafy
shoot has been found so far.
There are, however, some slight differences in the form of segments between
the leaves of the Akaiwa Formation andthose of the Oguchi Formation; in thespecimens from the Akaiwa Formation,
segments are broader than long, strongly
convex in the lower margin and finely
serrate at the distal margin, while inthose from the underlying Oguchi Formation, segments are rising obliquely,
mostly longer than broad except forbasal ones, not so convex in the lower
margin and entire at the distal margin.
We now think that such differences asmentioned above do not deserve to institute a new species. It is, however, certainthat the form of segments of this species
altered with the passage of geologicaltime.
The present leaves resemble somewhat
Nilssonia schmidtii(HEER) SEWARD known
from the Jurasso-Cretaceous of Amurland
in some roundish segments in outline.
We originally described the stem
bearing Nilssonia nipponensis leaves as
Nilssoniocladus nipponense. Now we do
emend here its specific suffix as nip-ponensis.

363

Localities: Tamodani (Horizons-TC &TD); Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Common.
SPecimens: BK-001, BK-009, BK-046, BK060, BK-069, BK-074, BK-088, BK-093,
BK-117. BK-155.
Nilssonia cfr. orientalis HEER
1975a. Nilssonia dr. orientalis REEf< : KIMURA,
p. SO, pI. 7, fig. S.

Locality: Tamodani, Horizon-TD.
Occurrence: Rare.
Genus Tetoria KIMURA & SEKIDO,
1974: 23
We instituted this genus based upon
the bipinnate cycadean leaves from the
Oguchi Formation, of which penultimate
pinnae were close to pinnate leaves of
Pseudocycas in external morphology, anddescribed Tetoria endoi (1974).
The name Tetoria has also been used
for an animal, a bivalve, but this does
not affect its validity as a name for aplant.

Tetoria endoi KIMURA & SEKIDO
PI. 37, fig. 61940. PseZldocycas? acuti/o/ia OISHI: p. 337,
pI. 33, figs. 2, 3, 3a (Kuwashima &Kowashimizu, Oguchi Formation andits equivalent).
1974. Tetoria endoi KIMURA & SEKIDO: p. 23,
pIs. 1-3; text-figs. 1-6 (Mekkodani,
Oguchi Formation).

Description: Ultimate pinna linear, longand narrow, nearly parallel-sided throughthe most part of blade, gradually tapering
towards the acuminate apex, narrowing
near base and decurrent at base. Midnerve occupying a half of the breadth

364

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

of blade.
Remarks: The present specimen, the only
one obtained is incomplete and ill-preserved, but agrees with the penultimate
pinna of this species.
As formerly mentioned by us, apartfrom the bipinnate character, the external
morphology of this species reminds us of
Pseudocycas insignis originally describedby NATHORST (1907, p.4, pl. 1, figs. 1-5)
from the Upper Cretaceous of Greenland.
Judging from the strongly decurrent
base, OISHI'S Pseudocycas ? acutifolia
corresponds to the apical portion of
penultimate pinna of this species.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: One specimen only.
Specimen: BK -089.
Ginkgoales
Genus Ginkgoites SEWARD, 1919 :10
Our material offers no basis for further
discussion of the distinction between theuse of Ginkgo and Ginkgoites for a fossil
leaf. We follow various recent Russianauthors in using the name Ginkgoites.
Our material provides no microscopic
details.
The following is a key to Ginkgoites
leaves from Bettokuzure;1) Laminae divided by a shallow sinus into
two halves with truncated or irregularapical margins ............. . G. digitata
2) Laminae deeply divided into four segments with a rounded or somewhat
lobed apex .................. G. huttoni
3) Laminae deeply cleft into five or mor~linear segments ............. . G. sibirica

Ginkgoites digitata (BRONGNIART)SEWARD
PI. 38, fig. 3; Text-fig. 20

1940. Ginkgoites digitata (BRONGNIART) SEWARD: OISHI, p. 377, pI. 38, figs. 7-9(various localities, Oguchi Formationand its equivalents).
1948. Ginkgo digitata (BRONGNIART) HEER:HARRIS, p; 207, figs. 7A-D; fig. 8(Yorkshire).
For further references, see OISHI, 1940,
p. 377 and HARRIS, 1974, pp. 9-10.

Description: Laminae cuneate, with abasal angle of 45 degrees, divided by ashallow sinus into two halves withtruncated or irregularly lobed apicalmargins.
Nerves divergent, dichotomously forkinK at all levels on the apicalhalf of lamina.
Several incomplete Ginkgoites leaves
referable to this comprehensive species
were obtained, one of which was shown
iri PI. 38, fig. 3 (BK -176). Text-fig. 20
shows an entire leaf joined leaf fragments
at hand together.
Remarks: Leaves of considerably varied
gross form have been described under
the name Ginkgo or Gin/?goites digitata
from Jurassic and Crataceous floras ofmany parts of the world.
The present specimens are fairly varied
i.n gross form from the type specimens
illustrated by BRONGNIART (1830, p. 219,
pl. 61, figs. 2, 3) as Cyclopteris digitata.
But the present specimens agree well ingross form with those described by OISHI
from the Oguchi Formation and also withthose shown by SEWARD (1919, p. 17) in
fig. 635-1 from the Jurassic of Yorkshireand fig. 635-J from the Jurassic of
Scotland (after STOPES). Accordingly
we here followed OISHI'S treatment thatthe. type of leaves which he had called
Ginkgoites digitata included all the leavesof Cyclopteris digitata-type of BRONGNIART, the laminae of which were almost
entire or shallowly lobed and the apexof each segment was more or lesstruncated or broadly rounded instead of663.

Mesozoic plants from the Alcaiwa Formation

being rather obtusely rounded.
Locality: Bettokuzure. "Occurrence: Common.
Specimens: BK-176, BK-168 and many
leaf· fragments ..

365

1940. Ginkgoitesdigitata (BRONGNIART) var.
hut toni SEWARD: OISIII, p.,378, pI. 38,
fig. 10 (Upper Triassic and Lower
Jurassic of Japan).
1948. Ginkgo huttoni (STERNBERG) HEER:HARRIS, p. 192, figs. 4, 5, 6I-L, 7E(Yorkshire; the type locality).
1958. Ginkgo huttoni (STERNBERG) HEER:VAKHRAMEEV, p. 107, pI. 25, figs. 4,5;
pI. 26, figs. 2, 3 (Lower Cretaceous ofLena Basin).
1961. Ginkgo ex gr. huttoni (STERNBERG)
HEER (pars): V AKIIRAMEEV & DOLlJDE"KO, p. 101, pI. 47', figs. 2; 5, 6
(Jurasso-Cretaceous of Bureja Basin).
1963. Ginkgo huttoni (STERNBERG) HEER:VASSILEVSKAJA & PAVLOV, pI. 8, fig.
2; pI. 13, fig. 2; pI. 26, fig. 2; pI. 36,
fig. 5 (Lower Cretaceous of Lena Basin).
1966. Ginkgo huttoni (STERNBERG) HEER:
GENKI"A, p. 93, pI. 43, figs. 1-4 (Upper
Triassic and Lower Jurassic of IssykKul Basin).
1970. Ginkgo huttoni (STERNBERG) HEER:TESLE:'-iKO, p. 152, pI. 35, figs. 2-5, 7(Jurassic of Western and Southern
Siberia) .
1972. Ginkgoites huttoni (STERNBERG) BLACK:DOLUDENKO & LEBEDEV, p. 93, .pls. 13; text-figs. 6, 7 (Yorkshire and J urasso-Cretaceous of East Siberia).
For further references, see DOLuDEKKo& LEBEDEV, 1972, pp. 96-98 showing
the occurrence of this species in Soviet
Union and HARRIS, 1974, pp. 9-11.

four ultimate segments with rounded
apex. A lateral segment usually repeatedly shallowly lobed at apex. Nerves
forking occasionally only on the basal
half of segments, 15-18 in number at
the middle portion of each segment.
Several .incomplete specimens wereobtained, two of which were shown in
PI. 38, fig. 5 and PI. 39, fig. 6 (BK -109,
BK -083). Text-fig. 21 is a restoration
made from various damaged leaves.
Remarlls: The present set of leaves seem
remarkably little varied in outline for a
fossil Ginllgoites leaves. The present
specimens agree well in gross form withthat illustrated by OISHI (1940, pI. 38,
fig. 10) from Kuwashima of the Oguchi
Formation, most of those by HARRIS(1948, fig. 4A-K) from the Jurassic of
Yorkshire and those by HEER (1876, pI.
10, fig. 10; 1878, pI. 5, fig.1b; pI. 7, fig. 4;
pI. 10, fig. 8) from the J urasso-Cretaceousof Svalbard and East Siberia.
Ginllgo jampolensis originally describedby LEBEDEV (1965, p. 108) from theJurasso-Cretaceous of Zeia River area
(v. g., pI. 27, figs. 1,3; p1.28, fig. 1; textfigs. 34, 35) is most allied form to thisspecies.
Ginkgo polaris including its variety
pig71laea NA THORST originally describedby N ATHORST (1889, pI. 1, fig. 8) fromthe Jurassic of Franz-Josef Land andlater by THOMAS (1911, pI. 4, fig. 8) fromthe Jurassic of Kamenka and by VASSILEVSKAJ A & PAVLOV (1963, pI. 37, figs.
2-4) from the Lower Cretaceous of Lena
Basin, is also another allied form to thisspecies.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Common.
Specimens: BK -011, BK -083, BK -109, BK118, BK -084.

Description: Laminae broadly cuneate,with long petioles, deeply divided into

Ginllgoites sibirica (HEER) SEWARD

Ginkgoites huttoni (STERNBERG)
BLACK
PI. 38, fig. 5; PI. 39, fig. 6; Text·fig. 21

366

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO
Text-fig_ 22

Similar leaves:
1876. Ginkgo sibirica HEER: p. 61, pI. 9, fig.
5b; pI. 11, figs. 1-8; pI. 22, fig. 3 (Jurassic of Irkutsk Basin).
1876. Ginkgo lepida HEER: p. 62, pI. 12, figs.
1-10 (Jurassic of Irkutsk Basin).
1876. Ginkgo schmidtiana HEER: p. 60, pI. 13,
figs. 1, 2 (Jurassic of Irkutsk Basin).
1876. Ginkgo flabellata HEER p. 60, pI. 13,
figs. 3, 4 (Jurassic of Irkutsk Basin).
1876. Ginkgo pusilla HEER: p. 61, pI. 13, fig.
6 (Jurassic of Irkutsk Basin).
1919. Ginkgoites sibirica (HEER) SEWARD: p.
24.
1940. Ginkgoites sibirica (HEER) SEWARD:OISHI, p. 380, pI. 38, fig. 11; pI. 39, fig.
1 (Kiyosue and Oguchi Formations).
1958. Ginkgo sibirica HEER: VAKIIRAMEEV,
p. 108, pI. 26, fig. 1 (Lower Cretaceousof Lena Basin).
1963. Ginkgo sibirica HEER: V ASSILEVSKAJA& PAVLOV, pI. 8, fig. 3; pI. 36, fig. 3(Lower Cretaceous of Lena .Basin).
1966. Ginkgo sibirica HEER: PROSVIRJAKOVA,
p. 100, pI. 20, figs. 2, 7 (Jurassic ofMangwishlak) .
1970. Ginkgo sibirica HEER: TEsLENKo, p.
150, pI. 33, figs. 3-6; pI. 3,1, figs. 1-6;
pI. 51, fig. 4 (Jurassic of Western andSouthern Siberia).
1972. Ginkgoites sibirica (HEER) SEWARD:DOLUDENKO & RASSKAZOVA, p. 1~ ~.
1, figs. 1-6 (figs. 1-5, HEER'S specimens) ; pI. 2, figs. 1-10 (HEER'S specimens) ; pI. 3, figs. 1-4; pI. 4, figs. 1-5;
pI. 5, figs. 1-5; pI. 6, figs. 1-3; pI. 7,
figs. 1-4; pI. 8, figs. 1-3; pI. 9, figs. 110; pI. 10, figs. 1-6 (fig. 6, HERR'S specimen); pI. 12, fig. 1 (all specimens
except HEER'S ones from the Jurassicof Irkutsk Basin).
1972. Ginkgoites sibirica (HEER) SEWARD:DOLUDEDKO & LEBEDEv, p. 83, textfigs. 1-3 (HEER'S specimens) (Jurassicof Irkutsk Basin).
For further refp.rences, sl'e HARRIS,
1974, pp. 20-21.

Description: Text-fig. 22 shows, thoughincomplete, a half of lamina pre3erved,a Ginkgoites leaf referable to Ginkgoites
sibirica which is applied more or less inwide sense to cover all the leaf-impressions
including types of Ginkgo sibirica, G.
flabeLlata, G. pusiLla, G. lepida and G.
schmidtiana described by HEER from therich plant beds at Ust-Balei near Irkutsk
in East Siberia.
judging from the specimen shown in
Text-fig. 22, lamina semi-orbicular inform, deeply divided into about ten
lanceolate ultimate segments each withan obtusely pointed apex. Nerves parallel,
7-14 in number in each segment, forking
at the middle portion.
Remarks: Leaves we determine as Ginkgoites sibirica are rather rare, the best
specimen (BK-167) is shown in Text-fig.
22.
A large number of similar leaves havebeen figured under the names given by
HEER from many jurassic to Cretaceous
flora of Siberia, China and japan andindeed occur under still other names overmost of the world.
Our material does not give an adequate
basis for discussing the taxonomy of
the whole group, we merely compare our
specimens with the japanese specimens
by OISHI (1932, p. 347, pI. 49, figs. 4, 5).
We think it unlikely that they are
specifically identical because the ages ofthem are quite different.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Rather rare.
SPecimens: BK -167 and several fragments.
Genus Ginkgoidium YOKOYAMA,
1889: 56

Ginkgoidiu m . nathorsti YOKOYAMA
PI. 39, figs. 1-4; Text-figs. 23a-c

663.

Mesozoic plants front the Akaiwa Formation

1877. ? Podozamites GEYLER: p. 230, pI. 32,
fig. 3 (Kuwashima, Oguchi Formation).
1889. Ginkgodium /lathorsti YOKOy.nL\: p.
57, pI. 2, fig. 4e; pI. 3, fig. 7; pI. 8; pI.
9, figs. 1-10; pI. 12, figs. 1·1, 15 (Kuwa·
shima and Ozo, Oguchi Formation).
1911. Ginkgodium nathorsti YOKOYA~I.·\: Tllo~IAS, p. 75, pI. 4, figs. 9-11; pI. 8, fig.
3 (Jurassic of Kamenka).
1929. Ginkgodium /lathorsti YOKOYA~IA: TA·TEIWA, pIa te, fig. 17 (Lower Cretaceousof Nagdong Group)
1940. Ginkgoidium /lathorsti YOKOYA~IA: OISHI, p. 382, pI. 39, figs. 2-5 (Kuwashi·
rna and Kowashimizu, Oguchi Formation and its equivalent).
1965. Ginkgodium nathorsti YOKOYA:\IA: KI:\IURA & SEKIDO, p. 3, pI. 2, fig. 2(Mekkodani, Oguchi Formation).

Description: Leaves varied both in formand size. PI. 39, fig. 4 (BK-145) shows
the largest specimen, 15cm long, of whichlamina deeply divided by a median sinus
into divergent segments; lamina cuneate,narrowing to fuse to short petiole, thenit is difficult to notice the boundary
between the lamina and petiole; segments
asymmetrical, nearly parallel-sided but
increasing the width towards the distal
part, then narrowing to truncate or
obtusely rounded apex, the maximum
width 2.3 cm.
Nerves originate bothfrom petiole and the marginal thick ones
which are particularly prominent in thelower two-thirds of the margin as also
shown in PI. 39, fig. 1 (BK -149), parallel.
often dichotomously forking at the lower
half of segment, not converging at apex
as shown in Text-fig. 23c. The numberof nerves varied, 25-60 in each segment;
they are distant on large segments while
densely crowded on small ones.
No
interstitials observed.
PI. 39, fig. 3 (BK-032B) shows two
medium-sized specimens. The apex ofsegment often shallowly bilobed as shownin this figure and Text-fig. 23b. PI. 39,

367

fig. 2 (BK -052) show3 the smallest specimen, 4 cm long, the width of which
comparatively broad. Text-fig. 23a shows
the form of lamina and nervation typically.
Many specimens referable to Ginkgoidium nathorsti originally described by
YOKOY AMA from Kuwashima of the
Oguchi Formation were obtained.
The detached leaves described by THOMAS (1911) as Ginkgodium nathorsti (p.
75, pi 4, figs, 9-11; pI. 8, fig. 3) from theJurassic of Kamenka, are smaller in size
than those from Japan and the nervesof the former are, according to THONIAS,
seldom forked.
Among the leaves regarded as Sphenobaiera or Baiera, there are such similar
forms to those of Ginllgoidium as someleaves of Baiera polymorpha (v. g. SAMYLINA, 1963, p. 95, pI. 23, fig. 2). Sphenobaiera pulchella (HEER) FLORIN (v. g.,
SAMYLINA, 1963, p. 103, pI. 25, fig. 10;
pI. 26, fig. 4), some leaves of Sphenobaiera
huangi (SZE) KRASSILOV (v. g., KRASSILOV, 1972, p. 12, pI. 10, figs. 1, 7; pI. 11,
fig. 1), etc., but this similarity in grossform is only apparent and they are quite
different from Ginllgoidium nathorsti innervation.
YOKOY AMA mentioned that the laminae
were always bilobed with a median sinus,
though in the very young or small leaves
they were often simple. If so, a newquestion how to explain the existenceof such small leaves with median sinus
as shown in PI. 39, fig. 2, would arise.
Generally speaking in regard to grossform, wedge-shaped leaves with nerves
springing both from the petiole and themarginal thick nerves have possibly
been referred to Ginlzgoidium or Eretmophyllum.
According to YOKOYAMA, Ginllgoidium
nathorsti has two leaf-forms; one iscuneate, broader at apex which is retuse

368

Tatsnaki KIMURA and ShinJi SEKIDO

or is divided by a deep median sinus
into divergent obtusely pointed segments,
another one is entire, obovate or lanceolate
in outline and with truncate or obtuse
distal end.
In 1965, we described Eretmophyllum
tetoriense (p. 2, pI. 2, fig. 1 ; text-fig. 1) based
upon the fairly long dwarf shoot withthe terminal crown of leaves which werereferable to entire form of Ginkgodium
nathorsti leaves as shown by YOKOYAMA(1889) in his pI. 8, figs. 2c, 10, 11 and pI.
9, figs. 9, 10 from Kuwashima of the
Oguchi Formation.
In Ginkgo biloba, the leaves terminallyon the dwarf shoots are generally nearly
entire or shallowly divided by a mediansinus (KIMURA & SEKIDO, 1965, pI. 1, figs.
2-4) but those spirally on the long shoots
are generally deeply divided form (ibid.,fig. 1).
We (1965) preliminarily considered that
Eretmophyllum tetoriense might be conspecific with Ginkgoidium nathorsti andthat the entire leaves were attached tothe dwarf shoots as terminal crown andother leaves were attached spirally tothe supposed long shoots as one by one.
Our presumption mentioned above has
not generally accepted because the cuticular characters which might give oneof the influential proofs regarding theidentity of both forms of leaves are still
unknown and both distal long shoots
bearing leaves of deeply divided formand basal long shoots supporting thedwarf shoots terminally with the crownof entire leaves, have not been found.
There are, however, some favourable
records, that is, the association in occurrence of entire and deeply divided ginkgoalean leaves for our presumption, as
follows.
In one locality of the Lower Cretaceous
Nagdong Group, Korea, entire leaves
regarded by T ATEIW A (1929) as Gink-

godium gracile (his plate, fig. 16; OISHI,
1940, p. 382, pI. 38, fig. 3) is coexistedwith deeply divided leaves of Ginkgoidiu171 nathorsti (T ATEIW A, 1929, plate,fig. 17; OISHI, 1940, p. 382).
In the Lower Cretaceous of Alaska,
Nageiopsis longifolia originally describedby FONTAINE (in W AIm, 1905, p. 171, pI.
45, figs. 1-5) being referable· to Eretmophyllum as mentioned by SEWARD(1919, p. 60), those entire leaves might
be in association in occurrence with the
deeply divided leaves described also by
FONTAINE as Ginl?godiu11l ? alas/?ense (p.
168, pI. 44, figs. 3, 4).
KRASSILOV (1972) illustrated several
leaves as Eretmophyllu11l gmndulosum(SAMYLINA) from the Jurasso-Cretaceousof Bureja Basin (pI. 15, figs. 1-5; textfigs. 7a-i), among which some leaves
were entire and others retuse. Theseleaves from the Lower Cretaceous of
Aldan River area were formerly regardedby SAMYLIKA as Ginl?goidium glandulosum (1956, p. 1526, pI. 1, figs. 8-10 ; textfig. 1; 1963. p. 98, pI. 15, figs. 6-9; textfig. 12). From the Aldan River area
SAMYLINA also described Ginl?goidiu11l
amgaensis (p. 98, pI. 27, figs. 5, 6). thelaminae of which were cuneate and deeply
divided by a median sinus into divergent
segments, but this species did not coexist
in occurrence with Eretmophyllum glandulosum.
In Eretmophyllu11l pubescens originallydescribed by THOMAS from the Jurassicof Yorkshire, the leaves are entire
or retuse. Unfortunately the species
mentioned above were all based on
detached leaves.
Besides the above, several species
regarded as Eretmophyllum have been
known; Eretmophyllum whitbiense THOMAS (THOMAS, 1913; HARRIS, 1974) fromthe Jurassic of Yorkshire, E. pulchellus(HEER) NATHORST (1919) from the Upper663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

Jurassic of Svalbard, E. saighanense (SE.
WARD) THOMAS (SEWARD, 1912; THO·
MAS, 1913) from the Jurassic of Afghanistan, E. thomasii DOLUDENKO & SVANIDZE (1969) from the Upper Jurassic ofGeorgia, E. cfr. whitbiense THOMAS(KRASSILOV, 1972) from the JurassoCretaceous of Breja Basin and E. bailwnicum ORLOVSKAJA from the Jurassicof Kazakhstan.
These leaves are too few in number
in occurrence or too incomplete to usethem for the favourite records for our
presumption.
EretmophylLum bailwnicum (ORLOVSKAJA, 1962, p.1443, fig. 3) has the laminae
without marginal thick nerves, differingfrom other leaves referred to Ginkgoidium
or EretmophylLum. The same is to Cyclo.
pteris squamata (ETTINGSHAUSEN, 1952.
p. 13, pI. 4, fig. 1) from the Lower Cretaceous of Austria which was said toincluded possibly in Eretmophyllum by
SEW ARD (1919, p. 59).
Under such conditions as mentioned
above, the relation between Ginilgoidiu1Il
nathorsti and Eretmophyllum tetorienseis still uncertain. Then we now unavoidably regard the present detachedleaves as Ginkgoidiu111 nathorsti followed
by YOKOYAMA.
The name Ginkgoidium was suggested
by HARRIS (1935, p. 6) in reference toGinkgodium YOKOYAMA.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Very abundant.
Specimens: BK-004, BK-013, BK-032, BK052, BK-056, BK-057, BK-062, BK-080,
BK-081, BK-092, BK-126, BK-130, BK145, BK-149, BK5-037, BK5-066, BK5035, BK5-029.
Genus Pseudotorellia FLORI~,
1936: 142

Pseudoto7'elLiu sp.

369

PI. 39, fig. 5
1975a. Pseudotorellia sp. K!:V!CRA: p. 81, pI. 8,
figs. 5, 6 (middle member of the Tamodani Formation).

The pre3ent specimens are similar ingross form and nervation to those previously described by KIMURA from the
middle member of Tamodani Formation.
Localities: Tamodani (Horizon-TD); Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Common.
SPecimens: BK-127, BK-015, BK-146, BK035, BK-104, BK-142.
Czekanowskiales
Genus Czekanowskia HEER, 1876: 70

Czekallowskia sp.
Several incomplete filamentous leaves
referable to this genus were obtained.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Rare.
SPecimen: BK -115.
Genus Leptostrobus HEER, 1876
em. HARRIS, 1951: 485
Our material does not add to the information given by HAImIs, 1951 and KRASSILOV, 1972. They regard Leptostrobus
as the fructification of various speciesof Czekanowsllia, Phoenicopsis or allied
genera of the Czekanowskiales.
Recently TAKAHASHI & OKAFUJI (1970)
described Leptostrobus longus HARRIS on
their new material from the Middle Triassic Momonoki Formation, the Mine
Group, Omine Coal-Field, Yamaguchi
Prefecture and removed Cfr. Leptostrobus
luxifiora HEER formerly described by
OISHI & T AKAHASHl (1936, p. 130, textfig. 5) and by OISHI (1940, p. 413) from
the Middle Triassic Yamanoi Formation,

:370

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

Yamaguchi Prefecture, to L. longus.
According to TAKAHASHI & OKAFUJI,
their fructifications determined as Lep.tostrobus longus were associated with
Phoenicopsis angustifolia but not with
any Czekanowskia leaves.

Leptoslroblls sp.

BK5-011, BK5-012, BK5-069.
Coniferales-Broad leaves
Genus Podozamites BRAUN, 1843

Podozamites angustifolius(EICHWALD) HEER
PI. 37, fig. 3; Text-fig. 24

PI. 38, fig. 7

Cone axis 1. 5 mm thick, elongated{imperfectly known), Probably arisingfrom a whorl of scale leaves about 3 mmlong and 0.5 mm wide. Lateral appendages 3 mm wide borne singly on stalks
1 mm long at a wide angle, each appendage round flattened composed of twovalves. Valves typically marked by sevenridges passing from the stalk to themargin, ridges mostly simple but occasionally forked.
Our material is plentiful but poorly
preserved. Some of the appendages are
empty and flat but others full of matrix
and nearly spherical. We have no proof
that the cluster of scale leaves is reallyat the base of the cone axis.
We note that both this and Czekanowskia are from Bettokuzure but theCzekanowskia is rare.
No fragments
which could be Czekanowskia or Phoenicopsis occur with the Leptostrobus
capsules.
The present cones resemble in the formof valves described by SAMYLINA (1967)
as Leptostrobus marginatus from theLower Cretaceous of Zyrianka Coal-Field(p. 150, pI. 11, figs. 4-7) and by VASSILEVSKAJ A and PAVLOV (1963) as L.
limbatus VASSILEVSKAJA from the Lower
Cretaceous of the Lena Basin (pI. 9, fig.
8,; pI. 43, fig. 12).
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Common.
Specimens: BK -114, BK5-041, BK5-042,

1876. Podozamites angustifolius (EICHWALD)HEER: p. 45, pI. 26, fig. 11 (JurassoCretaceous of East Siberia).

1878. Podozamites angustifolius (EICHWALD)HEER: p. 22, pI. 5, fig. 12 (fig. lIb?)(Lower Cretaceous of AmurJand).

1933. Podozamites angustifolius (EICHWALD)HEER: KRYSHTOFOVICH & PRYNADA,
p. 17, pI. 4, fig. 1 (Jurassic of Ural).
1958. Podozamites angustifolius (EICHWALD)HEER: V AKHRAMEEV, p. 122, p. 31, figs.
3-5; pI. 32, fig. 5 (Lower Cretaceous ofLena Basin).
1963. Podozamites angustifolius (EICHWALD)HEER: VASSILEVSKAjA & PAVLOV, pI.
9, fig. 2; pI. 17, fig. la; pI. 41 (Lower
Cretaceous of Lena Basin).
1963. Podozamites angustifolius (EICHWALD)
f. brevis VASSILEVSKAjA: VASSILEVSKAjA & PAVLOV, pI. 8, fig. 10 (Lower
Cretaceous of Lena Basin).
1966. Podozamites angustifolius (EICHWALD)HEER: GENKINA, p. 110, pI. 55, figs. 16 (Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassicof Issyk-Kul Basin).
1966. Podozamites angustifolius (EICHWALD)HEER: PROSVIRjAKOVA, p. 105, pI. 22,
fig. 1 (Jurassic of Mangwishlak);
1970. Podozamites angustifolius (EICHW ALD)
HEER: TEsLENKo, p. 168, pI. 45, figs.
1-4; pI. 52, fig. 1 (Jurassic of Westernand Southern Siberia).

Description: Pinnae long and narrow,nearly parallel-sided, typically 3. 5 cmlong and 5 mm wide, narrowing gradually
towards obtusely pointed apices, attachedat an angle of about 60 degrees, distichously by their contracted bases to663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

the slender rachis.
Nerves parallel.
simple, converging at the apex, 15 in
number on each pinna.
Many incomplete shoots with slenderleaves were obtained, one of which isshown in PI. 37, fig. 3 (BK-002). Textfig. 24 shows distichously attached leaves
drawn from BK-002.
Remarks: This species is widely known
from the Triassic to Lower Cretaceousof Siberia and Central Asia and is characterized by its long and narrow leaves
with obtusely pointed apex.
In our material the leaves are borne
one at each node in two lateral ranks,
the distichous arrangement but in manyother species the leaves arise on all sideof the axis in spiral.
The first occurrence of this species isof special significance, because it mightshow one of the favourable materials
representing the close relation between
the floras in the Siberian Palaeofloristic
Area and the Akaiwa Flora.
The present leaves resemble those of
Podozamites schenki HEER known fromthe Upper Triassic and the Jurassic ofChina, Korea, Japan and Siberia andmany other parts of the Northern Hemisphere, but in P. schenki leaves arewith acuminate apices instead of obtuse
ones.
Podozamites gra11lineliS HEER known
also from the Mesozoic of Siberia is
another allied form to this species, but
in P. gramineus, leaves are more slenderin habit than those of this species.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Common.
SPecimens: BK-002. BK-071. BK-090, BK139, BK-160, BK-162, BK5-074.

Podozamites ex gr. lanceolatus(LINDLEY & HUTTON) BRAUN

371

Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Common.
SPecimens: BK-033. BK-019, BK-061, BK021, BK-082, BK-051, BK-050, BK-I00,
BK5-013.
Podozamites reinii GEYLER
1877. Podozamites reillii GEYLER: p. 229, pI.
33, fig. 4a; pI. 34, figs. 1, 2, 3b, 4, 5a(Kuwashima, Oguchi Formation).
1975a. Podozamites reinii GEYLER : KIMURA, p.
82, pI. 7, fig. 10 (middle member of
the Tamodani Formation).
For further references, see KIMURA,.
1975a.

Remm'ks: Many specimens were obtained.
It is worth mentioning that this species

and its allied forms are, as mentioned
in detail by KIMURA (1975a), known mainly
from the Younger Mesozoic of Siberia,
Central Asia, Korea and the "Tetori
Basin" of Japan.
Localities: Tamodani (Horizons-TD, TE),
Hayashidani (Horizon-HC); Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Very abundant.
Specimens: BK-003, BK-008, BK-016, BK019, BK-020, BK-034, BK-036, BK-039,
BK-040, BK-042, BK-053, BK-055, BK066, BK-067, BK-068, BK-075, BK-076,
BK-078, BK-087, BK-091, BK-095, BK099, BK-I01, BK-116, BK-119, BK-129,
BK-134, BK-137, BK-159, BK5-054, BK
5-016, BK5-061, BK5-023, BK5-070, BK
5-056.
Coniferales-Narrow leaves
Form-genus Elatocladus HALLE
em HARRIS, 1969: 249
HARRIS (1969) gave the emended definition to this form-genus originally instituted by HALLE in such a way as to beavailable for any sort of conifer shoots,.

372

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

as follows; Shoot bearing leaves spirally(rarely opposite). Leaf elongated, dorsiventrally flattened, diverging from stem;at base strongly contracted and forminga short petiole attaching it to basal cushion. Lamina with a single vein.

Elatocladus sp. A
PI. 39, fig. 8; Text·fig. 25

Spirally disposed and closely set leaves
dorsiventrally flattened, elongate-lanceolate in outline, 6. 5-10 mm long and 1. 22 mm wide at middle, contracted at baseto form very short petiole attaching it
to basal cushion and with obtusely pointed
apex. Lamina with a single vein.
Our specimens shown in PI. 39, fig, 8(BK-094) and Text-fig. 25 agree inexternal features with the emended definition given by HARRIS. They resemble
closely Palissya sp. described by YOKOY AMA (1889, p. 64, pI. 3, fig. 11) from
Kuwashima of the Oguchi Formation,
though in his specimen, all apices arebroken.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Rare.
Specimens: BK-094, BK-171.

Elatocladus sp. B
PI. 38, fig. 4; PI. 39, fig. 9

Leaves long and narrow, 5.5 cm longand 0.4 mm wide, nearly parallel-sided,
contracted at base, attaching spirally tothe axis by very short petiole, decurrent to the leaf-cushion, dorsiventrally
flattened. Lamina with a midvein, persisting to the bluntly pointed apex, bothlateral margins strongly reflexed.
Four incomplete leafy shoots wereobtained. The present specimens aredifferent in leaf-form from Elatocladus
sp. A here described. The present specimens are also too incomplete to makeany comparison.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Rare.
Specimens: BK-005, BK-161 (collected by

T. TOlO).
Form-genus Pityophyllu11l
NATHORST, 1897: 62

Pityophyllum lindstroemi NATHORST
Text-fig. 26

1897. Pinites (Pityophyllum) lindstroemi NATHORST: p. 40; p. 67, pI. 5, figs. 13-15,
18-31; pI. 6, figs. 17, 18 (Jurasso.Cretaceous of Svalbard).
1889. Pinus nordenskijoldi HEER: YOKOYAMA,
p. 63, pI. 9, fig. 12b (Kuwashima, Oguchi Formation).
1910. Pityophyllum lindstroemi NATIIORST:KRYSHTOFOVICH, p. 16, pI. 3, fig. 9(Jurasso-Cretaceous of Ussuri).
1915. Pityophyllum lindstroemi NATHORST:KRYSHTOFOVICH, p. 113, pI. 6, fig. 9

Explanation of Plate 36
Fig. 1. Onychiopsis elollgata (GEYLER) YOKOYAMA; x 2 (BK-103)
Fig. 2. Gleichenites aff. porsildi SEWARD; nat. size (OS-006)
Fig. 3. Coniopteris sp. cfr. C. hymenophylloides (BR02'<GNIART) SEWARD; nat. size (BK-156)
Fig. 4. Adiantites sp. D; arrows show pinnules; nat. size (OS-095)
Fig. 5. Cladophlebis williamsoni (BRONG2'<IART) BRONGNIART var. tenuicaulis THOMAS; x 2(BK-072)
Fig. 6. Ditto; x 2 (BK-140)
Fig. 7. Nilssonia lobatidelltata VASSILEVSKAJA; x 2 (BK-153)

KIMURA and SEKIDO:

Mesozoic plants from the Alcaiwa Formation

Plate 86

663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation(Jurasso-Cretaceous of Tyrm).
1915. Pityophyllum 'lindstroemi NATIIORST:KRYSHTOFovlcH, p. 85, pI. 1, figs. 6-8(Jurassic of Baikal).
1963. Pityophyllum lindstroemii NATHORST:
SA:VIYLlI"A, p. 109, pI. 9, fig. 1b (Lower
Cretaceous of Aldan).
1975a. Pityophyllum sp. KI:vwRA: p. 85, pI. 7,
fig. 11; pI. 8, fig. 11 (Uppermost Member of Tamodani Formation).

Leaves over 4 cm long, 1. 5-2 mm wide,
lamina tapering gradually to the baseand abruptly to the apex, petiole absent,
apex obtuse. Midrib conspicuous andtwo thicker bands present but less con·spicuous.
PityophyLLum lindstroemi is represented
by many detached leaves. They agreewith those previously described by KIMURA as PityophyLLum sp. from the uppermost member of Tamodani Formation.
Locality: Bettokuzure.
Occurrence: Common.
SPecimens: BK -096, BK -180, BK5-034.
Postscript: Many wood remains collectedby us from the Akaiwa Formation will
be described in the near future.
References
ABR.MIOVA, L. N. (1970): Early Cretaceous
flora from Zygansk and the adjacentarea of the Lena Basin. Palaeont. Biostr.,B. 29, p. 36-57, pIs. 1-10 (in Russian).
ARCHA:"GELSKY, S. (1965): Fossil Ginkgoales
from the Tico flora, Santa Cruz Province,
A,rgentina. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),vol. 10, no. 5, p. 121-137, pIs. 1-5.
BELL, W. A. (1956): Lower Cretaceous floras
of Western Canada. Ceol. Surv. Canada,Mem. 285, p. v+I-331, including pIs. 1-85.
BRo:"G:"IART, A. (1828-1838): Histoire desVegetaux fossiles, ou Recherches botaniques et geologiques sur les Vegetaux
renfermes dans les divers couches duglobe. I (1828-1837), p. xii+l-.188, pIs.

373

1-171; II (1837-1838), p. 1-72, pIs. 1-28,
Paris.
DEBEY, M. H. & ETTI~GSHAUSE]\;, C. (1859):
Die Urweltlichen Acrobryen des Kreidegebirges von Aachen und Maestricht.
Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 17, p. 1-68,
pIs. 1-7.
DOLUDE"IKO, M. P. & LEBEDEV, E. L. (1972):
Cinkgoites sibirica and "C. huttoni" ofEast Siberia. Mesozoic plants (Ginkgoales
and Czekanowskiales) of East Siberia.
Acad. Sci. USSR, Trans., vol. 230, p.82101, pIs. 1-3 (in Russian).
- - & RAssKA2ovA, E. S. (1972): Ginkgoales
and Czekanowskiales of the Irkutsk
Basin. Ibid., p. 7-43, pIs. 1-49 (in Ru~·sian).
- - & SVA;-JIDZE, Ts. I. (1969): The Late
Jurassic flora of Georgia.
Acad. Sci.
USSR, Ceol Inst. Trans., vol. 178, p. 1116, pIs. 1-81 (in Russian).
ETTI:"GSHACSEN, C. (1852):
Beitrag zur
naheren der Flora der Wealdenperiode.
Abhandl. k. k. Ceol. Reichsanst. Wien,
Bd. 3, nr. 2, p. 1-32, pIs. 1-5.
FLORI~, R. (1936):
Die fossilen Ginkgophyten von Franz-Josef Land. I. Spe·zieller Teil. Palaeontgr. B, Bd. 81, p.
71-173, pIs. 11-42.
- - (1936): Die fossilen Ginkgophyten vonFranz-Josef Land. II. Allgemeiner Teil.
Ibid., Bd. 82, p. 1-72, pIs. 1-6.
FO:"L\II"E, W. N. (1889): The Potomac orYounger Mesozoic flora.
U. S. Ceol.
Surv., Mon. 15, Pt. 1, Text, p. 1-377; Pt.
2, pIs. 1-180.
- - (1905, in WARD): Status of the Mesozoic floras of the Unites States. Ibid.,Mon. 48, p. 1-616, pIs. 1-45.
GEI"KII"A, R. Z. (1966):
Fossil flora andstratigraphy of the Lower Mesozoic
deposits of the Issyk-Kul Basin (Nor·thern Kirghizia). Moscow, p. 1-148, pIs.
1-61 (in Russian).
GEYLER, H. T. (1877): Ueber Fossile Pflanzen aus der Juraformation Japans. Palaeontgr., Bd. 24, p. 221-232, pIs. 31-34.
HARRIS, T. M. (1935): The fossil flora of
Scoresby Sound, East Greenland. Pt. 4.
Ginkgoales, Coniferales, Lycopodiales

374

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDO

and isolated fructifications. Medd. om
Crt/mI., Bd. 112, nr. 1, p. 1-176, pIs. 1-29.
- - (1946): Notes on the Jurassic flora ofYorkshire, 28-30. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 11, vol. 13, p. 1-2-1.
(1948): Ditto, 37-39. Ibid., ser. 12, vol.
1, p. 181-213.
- - (1951): The fructification of Czekanowskia and its allies. Phil. Trans. B, vol.
235, p. 483-508, pIs. 18-19.
- - (1961): The Yorkshire Jurassic flora.
1. Thallophyta-Pteridophyta. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) , p. ix+1-212.
- - (1969): Naming a fossil conifer. j.
SEN Mem. Vol., Bot. Soc. Bengal, p. 243252.
- - , MILLll\GTOl\, W. & MILLER, J. (1974):
The Yorkshire Jurassic flora. IV -1. Ginkgoales. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. viii+
1-150, pIs. 1-8.
HEER, 0 (1874): Die Kreide-Flora der arctischen Zone.
K. svenska Vet. Akad.
Hand!., Stockholm, Bd. 12, no. 6, p. 1-138.
pIs. 1-38.
- - (1876): Beitrage zur Jura-Flora Ostsibiriens und des Amurlandes. Mbn. Acad.
Imp. Sci., St.-Petersb. (7), 22, 12, p. 1122, pIs. 1-31 (Fl. Foss. Arct., 4-2).
- - (1878) : Beitrage zur fossilen Flora
Sibiriens und des Amurlandes. Ibid., 25,6, p. 1-58, pIs. 1-15 (Fl. Foss. Arct., 5-2).
HIRATA, M. (1972): Illustrated catalogue offossils.
1. Ryoseki plants. HIRATA
Ceol. Inst. Kochi, p. vi+I-36, pIs. 1-21
(in Japanese).
HVZIOKA, K. (1939): On the occurrence ofa new species of Nathorstia in Japan.
journ. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ.,
Sapporo, ser. 4, vol. 4, nos. 3-4, p. 471474, pI. 55.

- - (1973): On fossil plants collected by
M. HIRATA from the "R.yoseki Series"
in Kochi Prefecture. Mem. Plant Fossil
Resear. Assoc. Tokyo, no. 4, p. 1-6 including 2 pIs., 1 tab. (in Japanese).
KAWAI, M. (1961): Late Mesozoic crustal
movements in the Hida Plateau, Central
Honshu, Japan. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu
Uuiv., ser. D, Ceol., vol. 11, no. 3, p ..
347-380.
KAWASAKI, S. (1926): Addition to the Older
Mesozoic plants in Korea. Bull. Ceol.
Surv. Chosen (Korea), vol. 4, Pt. 2, p.l35, pIs. 1-11.
KIMURA, T. (1958a): Mesozoic plants fromthe Tetori Series, Central Honshu, Japan.
(Pt. 1). Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc_
japan, N. S., no. 29, p. 166-168, pI. 25.
- - (1958b): On the Tetori Flora (Pt. 1).
Mesozoic plants from the Kuzuryu Subgroup, Tetori Group, Japan. Bull Sen.
High Sch., Tokyo Univ. Educ., 2-2, p. 147, pIs. 1-4.
- - (1959a): Mesozoic plants from the Iwamuro Formation (Liassic), Tone-gun,Gumma Prefecture, Japan. Ibid., 3, p.
1-36, pIs. 1-12.
(1959b): On the Tetori Flora (Pt. 2).
Addition to the Mesozoic plants fromthe Kuzuryu Subgroup, Tetori Group,Japan. Ibid., p. 104-117, pIs. 1-2.
- - (1961): Mesozoic plants from the Ito·shiro Subgroup, the Tetori Group, Central
Honshu, Japan. Pt. 2.
Ttans. Proc.
Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S., no. 41, p.
21-32, pIs. 4-6.
- - (1975a): Middle-late early Cretaceous
plants newly found from the upper courseof the Kuzuryu River area, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Ibid., no. 98, p. 55-93,

Explanation of Plate 37
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.

Dictyozamites efr. cordatus (KRYSIITOFOVICH) PRYNADA; x 2 (BK-1l2)
Nilssonia nipponensis YOKOYAMA; nat. size (BK-088)
Podozamites angusti/olius (EICHW ALD) HEER; nat. size (BK-002)
Sphenopteris goepperti DUNKER; X 2 (BK-113)
Nilssonia kotoi (YOKOYAl\IA) 0151-11; x 2 (BK-027)
Tetoria endoi KIMURA & SEKIDO; nat. size (BK-089)

KIMURA and SEKIDO.'

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa For'rnation

Plate 37

663.

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation

pIs. 5-8.
- - (1975b): Notes on the early Cretaceous
floras of Japan. Bull. Tokyo Gakugei
Uuiv., ser. 4, vol. 27, p. 218-257.
- - & HIRATA, M. (1975): Early Cretaceous
plants from Kochi Prefecture, Southwest
Japan. Mem. Nation. Sci. Mus., no. 8,
p. 67-90, pIs. 10-13.
& KANSHA, Y. (1975 MS): Early Cre·taceous plants from Wakayama Prefecture, Southwest Japan.
- - & SEKIDO, S. (1963): On the Tetori
Flora--A summary notes on the Itoshiro Flora, with special reference tothe Mesozoic floral provinces of theJapanese Islands. Fossils (Kaseki) , no.
6, p. 35-46, 1 tab. (in Japanese).
- - & - - (1965): Some interesting Ginkgoalean leaves from the Itoshiro Subgroup, the Tetori Group, Central Honshu,
Japan. Mem. Mejiro Gakuen Woman's Jr.
Coll., vol. 2, p. 1-4, pIs. 1-2.
- - & - - (1966): Mesozoic plants fromthe Itoshiro Subgroup, the Tetori Group,
Central Honshu, Japan. Ibid., vol. 3, p.
1-7, pIs. 1-4.
- - & - - (1967): Some Mesozoic plantsfrom the Itoshiro Subgroup, the Tetori
Group, Central Honshu, Japan.
Prof.
SHIBATA Mem. Vol., Tokyo Univ. Educ.,
p. 416-419, pIs. 1-3.
- - & - - (1971): The discovery of the
Cycad-like leaflets with toothed margin
from the Lower Cretaceous Itoshiro Subgroup, the Tetori Group, Central Honshu,
Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan,
N. S., no. 84, p. 190-195, pI. 24.
- - & - - (1972): Ctenis species from the
Itoshiro Subgroup (Lower Cretaceous),
the Tetori Group, Central Honshu, Japan.
Ibid., no. 86, p. 360-368, pIs. 44-45.
- - & - - (1974):
Bipinnate cycadean
fronds newly found from the Lower
Cretaceous Itoshiro Subgroup, the Tetori
Group, Central Honshu, Japan. " Symposium on Morphological and StratigraPhical Palaeobotany, BIRBAL SAHNI Institute 0/ Palaeobotany", SPec. Pub!., no. 2,
p. 23-27, pIs. 1-3.
- - & - - (1975): Nilssoniocladus n. gen.

375

(Nilssoniaceae n. fam.), newly foundfrom the early Cretaceous of Japan.
Palaeontgr., B, Bd. 153, p. 111-118, pIs.
1-2.
- - & - - (1976): Dictyozamites and someother cycadophytes from the early Lower
Cretaceous Oguchi Formation, the Itoshiro Group, Central Honshu, Japan.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S.,
no. 101, p. 291-312, pIs. 30-32.
KRASSILOV, V. A. (1967): Early Cretaceous
flora from Southern Primorye and its
significance for stratigraphy. Moscow,
p. 1-248, pIs. 1-93 (in Russian).
- - (1972): Mesozoic flora of Bureja Basin(Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales). Moscow, p. 1-116, pIs. 1-34 (in Russian).
KRYSHTOFOVICH, A. N. (1910):
Jurassicplants from Ussuriland.
Mem. Com.
geol. St.-Petersb. (N. S.), 56, p. 1-23, pIs.
1-3 (in Russian).
- - (1914): Jurassic plants from the river
Tyrma (Amurland). Trav. Mus. Geol.
Min. Pierre le Grand Acad. Imp. Sci., 8,
p. 79-124, pIs. 1-7.
- - (1916): Material for the Jurassic fioraof Ussuriland. Ibid., 2,4, p.81-140, pIs.
7-1I.
- - (1933): Baikal formation of the Angara
Group. Trans. Geo!. Prosp. Sel'v. USSR,
Moscow, 326, p. 1-136, pIs. 1-17.
- - & PRYNADA, V. (1932): Contribution
to the Mesozoic flora of the Ussuriland.
Bull. Geol. Prosp. Surv. USSR, Moscow,
51, p. 363-373, pIs. 1-2.
- - & - - (1933):
Contribution to the
Rhaeto-Liassic flora of the Chebiabinsk
Brown Coal Basin, Eastern Urals. Ibid.,
346, p. 1-40, pIs. 1-5.
LEBEDEV, E. L. (1965): Late Jurassic flora
from Zeia and boundary between Jurassic
and Cretaceous. Trud. geol. inst. Akad.
Nauk, Moscow, 125, p. 1-142, pIs. 1-36
(in Russian).
LUNDBLAD, A. B. (1959): Studies in the
Rhaeto-Liassic floras of Sweden. II. I.
Ginkgophyta from the Mining District of
New Scania. K. sevenska Akad. Hand!.,
Stockholm, N. S., Bd. 6, nr. 2, p. 5-38,
pIs. 1-6.

376

Tatsuaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDOMAEDA, S. (1957): Stratigraphy and geological structure of the Tetori Group along
the UchiI1ami and Itoshiro Rivers, Fukui
Prefecture. Journ. Ceol. Soc. Japan, vol.
63, no. 741, p. 357-365 (in Japanese).
- - (1958a): Stratigraphy and geologicalstructure of the Tetori Group in the Hida
Mountainland. Ibid., vol. 64, no. 775, p.
388-398 (in Japanese).
- - (1958b): Stratigraphy and geologicalstructure of the Tetori Group in the
Hakusan District (Pt. 1 Stratigraphy),
Ibid., no. 758, p. 583-594 (in Japanese).
- - & TAKENAMI, K. (1957): Stratigraphy
and geological structure of the Tetori
Group in the Southern District of Toyama Prefecture. Ibid., vol. 73, no. 740, p.
273-288 (in Japanese).
MATsuo, H. (1962): A study on the Asuwa
flora (Late Cretaceous age) in the Hokuriku District, Central Japan. Sci. Rep.
Kanazawa Univ., vol. 8, no. 1, p.177-250,
pis. 1-24.
- - & O)'IURA, K. (1968): On the Taeniapteris from the Togadani flora(Tedorian),at Togadani, Ishikawa Prefecture, Central Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
Japan, N. S., no. 71, p. 285-295, pI. 29.
NAGAO, T. (1926): On some fact concerning
the Mesozoic formation in Arita-gun,
Provo Kii. Journ. Ceol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.
33, no. 396, p. 378-384 (in Japanese).
NATHoRsT, A.G. (1890): Beitrage zur mesozoischen Flora Japans. Denkschr. k.
Akad. Wiss. math. nat. Kl., vol. 57, p.
41-60, pis. 1-6.
- - (1897): Zur mesozoischen Flora Spitz-

bergens. K. sevenska Vet. Akad. Handl.,
Bd. 30, n. 1, p. 1-77, pis. 1-6.
- - (1907): Palaobotanische Mitteilungen
1. Pseudocycas, eine neue Cycadophytengattung aus den cenomanien Kreideablagerungen Gronlands. Ibid., Bd. 42, n.
5, p. 1-11, pis. 1-3.
OISHI, S. (1931): Fossil plants from Japanand Korea. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ.,
sec. ser. (Geol.), vol. 14, no. 2A, p. 107118, pI. 36.
- - (1932): The Rhaetic plants from the
Nariwa District, Provo Bitchu (Okayama
Prefecture), Japan. Journ. Fac. Sci.,
Hokeaido Imp. Univ., Sapporo, ser. 4, vol.
1, nos. 3-4, p. 257-380, pis. 1-35.
- - (1933): A study on the cuticles of some
Mesozoic gymnospermous plants from
China and Manchuria. Sci. Rep. Tohoku
Imp. Univ., sec. ser. (Ceol.), vol. 12, no.
2B, p. 239-252, pis. 36-39.
- - (1939a): On" Dicksoniopteris" naumanii
NATHORST. Journ. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido
Imp. Univ., Sapporo, ser. 4, vol. 4, nos.
3-4, p. 301-305.
(1939b): On the;morphology of the Genus
Zamiophyllum NATHORST. Jubl. Publ. H.
YABE 60th Birthday, vol. 1, p. 209-220,
pis. 12-13.
- - (1940): The Mesozoic floras of Japan.
Journ. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ.,
Sapporo, ser. 4, vol. 5, nos. 2-4, p. 123480, pis. 1-48.
- - (1941): On the occurrence of a Dipteridaceous fern from the Tetori Series ofToyama Prefecture. Ibid., vol. 6, no. 2,
p. 159-161.

Explanation of Plate 38
Fig. 1. Nilssonia lobatidentata V ASSILEVSKAJA; x 2 (BK-136)
Fig. 2. Raphaelia sp. A; x 2 (BK-163)
Fig. 3. Ginkgoites digitata (BRONGNIART) SEWARD; x 2 (BK-176)
Fig. 4. Elatocladus sp. B; x 2 (BK-005)
Fig. 5. Cinkgoites huttoni (STERNBERG) BLACK; x 2 (BK-083)
Fig. 6. Cladophlebis williamsoni (BRONGNIART) BRONGNIART var. tenuicaulis THOMAS; x 2(BK-123)
Fig. 7. Leptostrobus sp.; A showing a slender cone axis; B showing scale leaves; C & D
showing the surface of detached valves; x 2 (BK-114)

K I MUR A and SEJ(IDO :Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa F01-mation

Plate 38

663.

lvIesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation& TAKAHASHI, E. (1936): The Rhaetic
plants from Provo Nagato. A supplement.
Ibid., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 113-133, pI. 10.
ORLOVSKAJA, E. R. (1962): The finds ofPseudotorellia and Eretmophyllum in theJurassic deposits of Kazakhstan. Bot.
journ. USSR, t. 47, n. 10, p. 1437-U-15,
pis. 1-4 (in Russian).
- - (1974): The Jurassic flora of the IIi
Coal Basin. The fauna and flora from
Meso·cainozoic of South Kazakhstan. Mat.
Hist. Fauna Flora Kazakh., Alma·Ata,vol. 6, p. 93-10'1, pis. 1-3 (in Russian).
PROSVIRJAKOVA, Z. P. (1966): Jurassic floraof Mangwishlak and its significance forstratigraphy. Acad. Nauk, USSR, p. 1173, pis. 1-35 (in Russian).
SA:\IYLI='iA, V. A. (1956): Two new types ofginkgophyta from the Lower Cretaceousof Aldan River. Bot. journ. USSR, t. 41,
n. 10, p. 1525-1527, pI. 1 (in Russian).
- - (1963): Mesozoic flora of the lower
course of the Aldan River. Trud. bot.
in st. Acad. Nallk, SSSR, ser. 8 (Paleobot.),4, p. 59-138, pis. 1-37 (in Russian).
- - (1964): Mesozoic flora of the area tothe west of the Kolyma River (Zyrianka
Coal·Basin), Pt. 1. Palaeobot., 5, p. 4178, pis. 1-18 (in Russian).
(1967): Ditto, Pt. 2. Ibid., 6, p. 136173, pis. 1-37 (in Russian).
- - (1972) : Birisia--New genus, Cre·taceous fern of Siberia.
Bot. journ.
USSR, t. 57, n. 1, p. 91-102, pis. 1-2 (inRussian).
SEWARD, A. C. (1911): Jurassic plants from
Chinese Dzungaria, collected by Prof.
OBRUTSCHEW. M(!1n. Com. Ceol., N. 5.,75, p. 31-61, pis. 1-7.
- - (1912): Mesozoic plants from Afghani·
stan and Afghan·Turkistan. India Ceo!.
Surv. Mem., Palaeont. Indica, N. S., vol.
4, m. 4, p. 1-57, pis. 1-7.
- - (1919): Fossil plants, vol. 4. Cambridge,
p. xvi+I-543.
TAKAHASHI, E. (1973): Some Triassic andJurassic plants from Provo Nagato (Yamaguchi Pref.), Japan. Sci. Rep. Yama·guchi Univ., vol. 20, p. 7-13, pis. 1-2.
- - & OKAFl' JI, G. (1970):
Leptostrobus

377

longus HARRIS from the Triassic of the
Omine Coal Field. Ibid., vol. 19, p. 1-7,
pis. 1-2 (in Japanese with English description) .
TATEIWA, 1. (1929):
Geological atlas ofTyosen (Korea), no. 10, Keishu-EisenTaikyu and Wakwan Sheets, 1/50000.
Ceol. Sllrv. Tyosen (Korea).
TESLE:>;KO, Y. V. (1970):
Jurassic stratigraphy and flora of Western and Southern Siberia and Tuva. Trud. nauchnoissled. inst. geol. geoPhys. min., Moscow,
v. '12, p. 1-216, pis. 1-52 (in Russian).
THO:\IAS, H. H. (1911): The Jurassic flora ofKamenka in the District Isium. Mhn.
Com. geol. St.-Petersb. (N. S.), 71, p. 195, pis. 1-8.
- - (1913): On some new and rare Jurassic
plants from Yorkshire: Eretmophyllum, a
new type of Ginkgoalean leaf. Phil. Soc.
Proc., vol. 17, pt. 3, p. 256-262, pIs. 6-7.
VAKlIRA:\IEEV, V. A. (1958): Stratigraphy
and fossil plants from the Jurassic andCretaceous deposits of the Vilui Basinand Verchojansk foredeep. Reg. Stratigr.
SSSR, 3, p.I-128, pis. 1-32 (in Russian).
- - (1964): Jurassic and early Cretaceous
floras of Eurasia and the palaeofloristic
provinces of this period. USSR Acad.
Sci. Trans., 102, p. 1-261 (in Russian).
- - (1966): Jurassic floras of the USSR.
Palaeobotanist, vol. 14, nos. 1-3, p. 118-123.
- - (1970): First discovery of Dictyozamites(Bennettitales) in the Mesozoic of Siberia. Palaeont. jOllrn. USSR, 4, p. 120123 (in Russian).
- - (1971): Development of the early Cretaceous flora in Siberia. Ceophyt., 1 (1),p. 75-83.
- - & DOLUDE:-iKO, M. P. (1961):
Upper
Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous flora of
the Bureja Basin and its significance forstratigraphy.
USSR Acad. Sci. Ceol.
Inst. Trans., 54, p. 1-135, pIs. 1-40 (inRussian).
- - , DOBuRsKINA, 1. A., ZAKLINSKAJA, E. D.
& MEYEN, S. V. (1970): Palaeozoic andMesozoic floras of Eurasia and phytogeography of this time. Ibid., 208, p. 1-424(in Russian).

378

Tatsnaki KIMURA and Shinji SEKIDOVASSILEVSKAJA, N. D.,
IMINO'l, Y. Kh.,
LosE'lA, N.M. & MOGUTCHEYA, N.K.
(1972) : New Mesozoic gymnosperms
from Central Asia and Siberia. (in" Newtypes of ancient plants and invertebratesof USSR "). Acad. Nauk USSR, Moscow,
p. 319-324, pIs. 73-74 (in Russian).
- - & PAVLOV, V. V. (1963): Stratigraphy
and flora from Cretaceous beds of LenaOlenek region of Lena Coal-Basin--Il.
Problems of oil and gas content beds an
Arctica. Trudy nauchno-issled. Inst. Geol.
Arkt., t. 128, p. 1-96, pIs. 1-,19 (in Russian).
YABE, H. (1905):
Mesozoic plants from
Korea. Jounz. Coll. Sci., Imp. Ulliv.
Tokyo, vol. 22, no. 8, p. 1-59, pIs. 1-4.
- - (1922): Notes on some Mesozoic plantsfrom Japan, Korea and China, in the

AkaiwaArita
Bettokuzure
Gamatagawa
Hakusan
IraharaIshikawa
Itoshiro
Jintsugawa
Kitadani
Kiyosue
Kochi
Komatsu
Kumanogawa
Kuzuryu
Mekkodani

i}f;

"-'
;c

::ff

EE

5J1j ~ 1m ;It

Hll EE J[[
S
11i
E
E
f!!!

ill

WJ[[
~
jjj[

S
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~t

il-

r~
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'J'

j'j~

9;[1

t~

lilT J[ /11!,iL llJi ""'1'1 pH il-collection of the Institute of Geology andPalaeontology of the Tohoku Imperial
University. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ.,
2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1-28,
pIs. 1-4.
- - (1927a): Cretaceous stratigraphy of theJapanese Islands. Ibid., vol. 11, no. 1,
p. 27-100, pIs. 3-9.
- - (1927b): A new species of Sphenopterisfrom the Lower Cretaceous of Japan.
Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 5, no. 4, p.
221-224 including pI. 23.
YOKOYA)'IA, M. (1889): Jurassic plants fro]]1
Kaga, Hida and Echizen. Journ. Coll.
Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 3, p. 1-66,
pIs. 1-1-1.
- - (1894): Mesozoic plants from Kozuke,
Kii, Awa and Tosa. Ibid., vol. 7, pt. 3,
p. 201-231, pIs. 1-9.

Miyakot;1rMonobegawa¥o ffl) JII
Nagdong (formerly Naktong)!Ii:
Nochino!J!:fi~OguchilJ
J¥:
Omichidani
ill ilOsugidani;f~ il;p
Ryosekit~i=:
Shinshu (Chinju in Korean);1+/
EI
Shiraminem'fc
STakinamigawa(it: V1l J[/
Tamodani
EEail- (EE ail-, *,ff):il-)Tetori (Tedori)-'fI&
Tochiotli!
J¥:Uchinami
:J1
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m

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--------------------------------

Explanation of Plate 39
Figs. 1-:1. Ginkgoidium nathorstii YOKOYA~JA: all nat. size (BK-149, BK-052, BK-032B, BK-145)
Fig. 5. Pseudotorellia sp.; x 2 (BK-127)
Fig. 6. Ginllgoites huttoni (STERNBERG) BLACK; x 2 (BK-I09)
Fig. 7. Equisetites sp. (stem); x 2 (BK-135)
Fig. 8. Elatocladus sp. A; x 2 (BK-094)
Fig. 9. Elatocladus sp. B; x 2 (BK-005)

KIMURA and SEKI DO.'

Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa For'mation

Plate 39

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 103, pp. 379-397, pIs. 40, 41, Oct. 15, 1976

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auf Grund der oben diskutierten Gesichts·
punkte aus den Exemplaren, die ich an
der Hand halte, neu proponiert.
Die Ver6ffentlichung der Arbeit wird

EinleitungEs gibt in der langen Geschichte derDiatomeenforschung eine gro.Be Anzahl
von Gattungen, die von zahlreichen Auto·ren eingerichtet wurden, und viele unter·schiedliche umfassende Klassifikations.
systeme, die vorgeschlagen wurden, wenn
sie auch nicht immer aIle diese Klassen
zusammenfassen (V AN HEURCK, 1896;
PERAGALL, 1897-1908; HUSTEDT,1927-64,
1956; KARSTEN, 1928; lOUSE, 1963; HEN·
DEY, 1964; usw.). Von diesen werden
die einen endgiiltig als valid benutzt, die
anderen nicht.
Aber handelt es sich urn die morpho·
logischen und strukturellen Merkmale, dieder Zuerkennung der Gattungsrange zu
Grunde liegen, weil die Gattung nun imallgemeinen als die wesentlichste Einheit
innerhalb des systematischen Rahmen
gedacht ist. Trotzdem sind die Diskus·
sionen nur noch zum Teil dariiber gefiihrt
worden. Zur biostratigraphischen Unter.

* Received April U, 1976; read June 1.1,
1975 at Morioka.
379

Seiichi KOMURA

380

von der japan Petroleum Exploration Co.,
Ltd. (JAPE X) erlaubt. Ich spreche somit
Herrn Dr. Y. IKEBE, Vizeprii.sident derGesellsehaft, dafUr und fUr seine stete
Hilfsbereitschaft meinen ganz besonderen
Dank aus. Fiir die fruchtbaren Diskus·
sionen und fUr die freundlichen Anregun.
gen moehte ieh mieh bei Herrn F. AKIBA,
Mikropaleontologe, Technical Institute,jAPEX, Hamura bedanken.
t42'E

TENPOKU - GEBIET

mochte ich an dieser Stelle meinen herzlichen Dank aussprechen.

Material und methodische HinweiseDas fUr diese Arbeit verwendete Probenmaterial stammt mittelmiozanen bis
unterpliozanen Ablagerungen Nordjapans.
Lage, Lithologie, u.li. der Proben sind wie
in der Tabelle 1 angegeben.
Um das mittels Pleurax eingebettete
Streupraparat anzufertigen wurden die
Proben im Laboratorium naeh den iiblichen Methoden aufbereitet und behandelt(KANAYA, 1957, 1959). Die Aufnahme
wurde mit Hilfe eines normalen Photoaufsatzes abgefaBt, um die Tafel abzufassen und um durch ihre VergroBerung
das Exemplar abzubilden.
Alle Typ-Exemplare der neu beschriebenen Formen werden im Technical Institute, japan Petroleum Exploration Co.,
Ltd. (JAPEX). Hamura in Tokio aufbewahrt.

45·N--'r------I....".,--+------

Systematische Beschreibung
Ordnung Pennatae SCHUTT, 1896
Familie Fragilariaceae KARSTEN, 1928
Gattung Sawa11luraia, n. gen.
Utakoshi

Km-5t49
Km-5t52
Km-5t58
ToyosakiAbb. 1.

Km-5t5t '--,--_ _ _ _---'
Km-5t54
Km... Fj-2730
Shosanbetsu

9'---_~t?'---_2.....9

Lageskizze der Fundpunkte.

Herr M. FUJITA und Herr N. FUJIOKA,
Geologen unserer Gesellschaft iiberlieBen
mir ihre Proben sehr freundlich und Fraulein Yukie TAMANO, jAPEX zeichnete die
Abbildungen sehr gewissenhaft. Allen

Namengebung: Zu Ehren von Herrn
Dr. Konosuke SAW AMURA, ja panischer
Diatomologe vom Geological Survey ofjapan, Kawasaki.
Typusart: Sawamuraia biseriata, n. sp.
Beschreibung: Zellen frei, in der Regeleinzeln lebend, zuweilen die kurzen Bander bildend, in Giirtelansicht reehteckigtafelformig mit den buckelartig aufgetriebenen Enden; Zwischen bander, Septen
oder sonstige Innenstrukturen iiberhaupt
nicht vorhanden; Schalen im UmriB linear,selten linear-lanzettlich, mit im allgemei-

Tab. 1.

Funclort unci stratigraphische Merkmale des Proben materials, Tenpoku-Gebiet.
- - - - - - - - - - - ---

---~

Lage

ProbenNummer

Lithologie

Km-3519-.-~

AblagerungI-linweise

FundortBrei tengrad (N)Uingengrad (E)aschenreicher Kieselgur

Wakkanai

45°23'36/1

141 °41'22/1

KoitoiMINATO et al. (1956)
OSANAI (195,1)

Km- L1937

harter Tonstein

Sakanoshita

45°22 /30/1

141 °39 /29/1

Wakkanai

Ebenda~~.j;,..

Km-5034

weiBer, tuffreicher
Tonstein

Magarifuchi

45°15'38/1

141 °54'57/1

Masuporo

MINATO et al. (1956)
T AI<AIIA51-11 unci
ISHIY AMA (1968)

IJ:i

Km-5037

clunkel-grauer Tonstein

Ebenda45° 15'39/1

HI °54'50/1

EbendaEbenclaKm-50/1l

weiBer, tuffreicher
Tonstein

Ebenda45° 15 /30/1

141 °51 / 31"

KoitoiEbendaKm-5H9grauer, sandiger
Tonstein

Utakoshi,H °37'58/1

HI °/17',15/1

Mochi kubetsu

MINATO et al. (195(i)IIATA (1961)

>=>

~

>=>

~

~

~
.,.,.
->=>

~
;:::-.,.,.
"....

Km-5151

clunkel-grauer Siltstein

Ebenda44 °37'47"

111 °17'44"

EbendaEbendaKm-5152

grauer, feinkorniger
Sandstein

Ebenda44 °37'41/1

141 °47'41/1

EbendaEbendaKm-5154

EbendaEbencla44 °37'32/1

Km-5158

grauer, sandiger
Siltstein

Ebencla44 °37'14/1

Km-5340

dunkel-grauer tuffreicher Tonstein

Magarifuchi

45°15 / 33/1

141 °54'43"

Masuporo

MINATO et al. (1956)
TAI<AIIA5111 und
ISHIY AMA (1968)

Km-5356

EbendaEbencla45° 15 / 18"

141 °55 /43"

Onishibetsu

EbendaFo-llaschenreicher Kieselgur

Toyotomi

44° 5'11/1

141"19'17"

KoitoiMINATO et al. (1 fl56)
NAGAO (1960)

Fj-2730r;rauer, sancl iger
SiltsteinToyosaki

41°33'12"

111 °/19'1\5"Kotanbetsu

MINATO et al. (1956)
1IATA (19GI)

~-

>=>

~

".,.

>=>

-

~--

-----------

141°47'42/1
Vll °47'40/1

---

-

--

~-

EbendaEbenclaEnbetsu

Ebencla

~

;:S

R.

2

"";::..,.,.
R.
>=>
.,.,.
>=>

C<:l
00
r--'

382

Seiichi KOMU RA

nen p3.rallelen Seiten und kopfig gerundeten Enden; Val varfHi.che fast flach oderetwa angeschwellen, mit einige sehr beschriinkten, apikal angeordneten Areolenreichen und gleichfalls, gleichartig geschwundenen Pseudoraphe, mit dagegen langausge:iehnten, strukturlo3en Zentralarea
und mit beiden buckelartig aufgetriebenen
Polknoten, ohne Transapikalrippen wie
bei Plagiogramma GREVILLE, 1859, knotenartigen Zentralstruktur und Stachelkranz
bei Glyphodesmis GREVILLE, 1862 oderGallertporen am Schalenende bei Synedra
EHRENBERG, 1830.
Bemerkungen: Die neue Gattung ist
vielleicht wegen der buckelartigen Endknoten mit Dimerogramma RALFS in
PRITCHARD, 1861 und Glyphodesmis GREVILLE, 1862 am niichsten und mit Plagiogramma GREVILLE, 1859 niiher verwandt,
sie kann aber von ihnen durch die hya.
line durchquerende Zentralarea leicht
unter3chieden werden. Sie ist auch wegendes Fehlen von Zwischenbiindern und
Septen und des zur Apikal- und Transapikalebene spiegelsymmetrischen, linearen U mrisses zur Gattung Synedra, vor
allem Untergattung Eusynedra EHRENBERG, 1830 nahestehend, von der sie sichaber deutlich durch Vorhandensein dersehr breiten Zentralarea, engerer Areolen.
felder und der buckelartigen Polfelder
unterscheidet.
Auch erinnert sie in ihrer iiuBeren
Gestalt an die Gattung Thalassionema
GRUNOW,1881, aber wegen der Verschiedenheit von Kolonienbildungsweise unddes Fehlen der Gallertporen und randstiindiger D6rnchen kann man sie nicht
damit verbinden.
Die oben erwiihnten strukturellen Unter3cheidungseigentiimlichkeiten rechtfertigen nach meiner Meinung die Abtrennung einer Gruppe von den betreffenden folgenden Formen als besondere
neue Gattung.

Sawamuraia biseriata, n. sp.
Namengebung: bi (lat.)=zwei und series (lat.)=Reihe, nach dem Ordnungszustande der Areolen.
Holotypus: Priiparat Nr. jAPEX Km4937(2)=7.8 x 88.2(Fml0755), Taf. 40 Fig.
1, Abb. 2 Fig. 1.
Paratypen: Priiparat Nr. jAPEX Km5034(19)= 10.2x 88.3(FmI3729, 13555) ; Abb.
2 Fig. 5a, b; Priiparat Nr. jAPEX Km5356(5)= 10.4 x 78.9(FmI3527), Taf. 41 Fig.
3; Priiparat Nr. jAPEX Fo-ll(12)=16.9
x 85.5(Fm11861), Abb. 2 Fig. 2; Priiparat
Nr. jAPEX Fo-ll(16)=14.8x91.7(FmI2050),
Abb. 2 Fig. 4.
i\I/aterial: 6 Exemplare.
Typuslage: Meeresklippe am Kleinortschaft Sakanoshita in der Stadt Wakkanai, Tenpoku-Gebiet, Provinz Hokkaido,japan.
Typusablagerung: Wakkanai-Schichten,
Obermioziin.
Beschreibung: Zellen einzeln oder zuweilen mit den Schalenseiten zur kurzen
Biindern verbunden, in Giirtelansicht linear-tafelf6rmig, vierkantig, an den Polen
etwas erweitert; Schalen sehr schmallinear bis linear-Ianzettlich, oft leicht gekriimmt oder sigmaf6rmig gebogen, mit
den unterhalb der Enden leicht verschmiilerten und aus dem Schalenniveau
leicht gesenkten Biindern, auf oben denen
die Ornamentierung beschriinkt ist, mit
breit kopfig gerundeten Polen und mit
parallel oder leicht erweiterten Seiten,
30-84,u lang, 3-6,u breit; Schalenwand
areoliert; Areolen klein, rund, zwi Paarevon apikal gerichteten parallelen geraden
Liing3reihen bildend, nur vor den Polfeldern beschriinkt; Pseudoraphe weit,
linear, gleichartig beschriinkt, 2-7,u lang;
Polfelder ziemlich groB, scheinbar hyalin,buckelartig aufgetrieben; Zentralarea zu
einer weiten, linearen, hyalinen und ganz
strukturlosen Ausdehnung erweitert, etwa

66.4-.

Sawamnraia, Katahiraia 'und Yoshidaia

sieben Zehntel von der gazen S::halenlange einnehmend, 17-61,u lang.

383

Beschreibllilg: S:halen 31-52,u lang, 4-5,u breit; Areolen vier Paare von apikal
geriehteten, geraden und miteinander parallelen Langsreihen bildend, 12-14 in 10,u ;die iibrigen morphologisehen Charakteristiken wie bei typiseher Art .

..
.....'.
",

'"

f 1

J
I.

2
Abb. 2.

3

4

Sa

5b

Sawamuraia biseriata, n. sp.

Bemerkungen: Die Art ist in TenpokuProben haufig und sehr varia bel hinsiehtlieh ihrer Lange der Sehale und Entwieklung der Areolenreihe. Charakteristisehsind die zweireihigen bes::hrankten Areolen.
Sawamllraia qlladriseriata, n. sp.
Namengebllng: quattuor (iat.)=vier undseries (iat.)= Reihe, naeh der Zahl der
Areolenreihen.
Holotypus: Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km5154(2)=12.2x90.0(Fm12397), Taf.40 Fig.
2, Abb. 3 Fig. 1.
Paratypen: Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km3519(11)=8.0x 89.3(Fm8505), Taf. 40 Fig.
3, Abb. 3 Fig. 3; Praparat Nr. JAPEX
Fo-11(1)=6.4 X 94.2(Fm11669), Abb. 3 Fig.
4; Praparat Nr. JAPEX Fo-11(1)=14.8x
91.3(Fm11658), Abb. 3 Fig. 2.
Material: 4 Exemplare.
TYPllslage: Meeresklippe, zirka 1,3 km
nordlieh der Ortsehaft Shosanbetsu, Tenpoku-Gebiet.
Typusablagerung: Moehikubetsu-Sehi{:hten, U nterpliozan.

23
Abb. 3.

Sawamuraia quadriseriata, n. sp.

Bemerlwngen: Sehr nahe verwandt mit
der vorigen Typus-Art, unterseheidet die
Art sieh von ihr dureh nieht zwei sondern vier Areolenreihen.
Sawamuraia 71l11ltibullata, n. sp.
Namengebllng: multus (iat.)=viel undbullatus (iat.)=sehaumend, naeh der Mehrzahl der apikal geordneten Areolenreihen.
Holotypus: Praparat Nr. JAPEX Fo11(15)=7 -9 X 90.2(Fm12032), Taf. 40 Fig.
4, Abb. 4 Fig. 1.
ParatYPlls: Praparat Nr. JAPEX Fo11(11)=12.3 X 82.8(Fm12045), Taf. 40, Fig.
5, Abb. 4 Fig. 2.
}.1aterial: 2 Exemplare.
Typuslage: Ein AufsehluB, etwa 3,8 km
siid6stlieh der Kleinstadt Toyotomi, Tenpoku-Gebiet.
Typusablagerllng: Koitoi-Sehiehten,
Oberstmiozan.
Beschreibllng: Sehalen linear oder li-

Seiichi KOMU RA

384

near.lanzettlich, leicht sigmaformig gebo.
gen, 36-63p lang. 5-6p breit; Schalen·
wande zart areoliert; Areolen in geraden
Transapikalreihen 12-13 in lOp. etwas
breiter als Langsreihen 14-18 in lOp;
sonst wie die Typus.Art der Gattung.

....

.-. ~"JAbb. 4.

Sawamuraia multibullata, n. sp.

Bemerkungen: Die Art, die vielleicht
die stratigraphisch kiirzere Verbreitung
hat, unterscheidet sich von den iibrigen
Vertreterinnen der Gattung durch drei
oder mehr Paare von Langsareolenreihen.

Familie Epithemiaceae KARSTEN, 1928
Gattung Katahiraia, n. gen.
Namengebung: Nach dem japanischen
Erdolgeologen, Herrn Dr. Tadami KAT A·
HIRA, JAPEX.
Typusart: Katahimia aspera. n. sp.
Beschreibung: Zellen frei, einzeln odermit den Schalenseiten zu dicht geschlos.
senen Bandern verbunden, sehr stark ver·kieselt, in Giirtelansicht yon rechteckigem
und bikonvexem UmriB, mit Kanalraphe,
Pseudosepten und Septa, mit Zwischen·bandern, ohne Knoten oder Kiele ; Schaleneng bis breit linear.lanzettlich, zuweilen
in der ]'vlitte transapikal eingeschniirt, vonder Mitte gegen den Enden abfallend, mit
gerundeten bis leicht geschnabelten Endenund mehr oder weniger konvexer Ober·
fiache; Axialarea deutlich, immer iiber
Kanalraphe als hyaline Langszone entwickelt; Schalenoberfiache durchweg
areoliert, obgleich mit enger hyalinen
Axialarea unterbrochen; Areolen grob,
isoliert, unregelmaBig sowohl in der Ordnung als im U mriB, von innen nach auBen
an der Schale mehr oder weniger an
GroBe abnehmend aber an Giirtelober·fiache weit groBer und etwas bestandig,
darin mit einigen Poroiden; Zellwandver·dickungen (im Beschreibungsabschnitt
der Gattungstypus unten erwahnt) vorhanden; Kanalraphe sehr dick, in der
Schalenmittellinie oder leicht seitlich, nie
bis in die Seitenkante, verschoben, vom
Pol bis an den Pol durchlaufend, mit
einer Reihe von knotenartigen Raphenanschwellungen von groBerem Durchmesser darin mit Kanaloffnung ; Septa iiber
die ganze Valvarfiache entwickelt, mit
einer in der Axialrichtung angeordneten
Reihe von groBen Fenster; Pseudosepten
zwischen den beiden Schalenrandern
meistens parallel zur Transapikalachse
verlaufend, tief ins Zellinnere eindringend.
Bemerkungen: Aufgrund der ungekielten Kanalraphe und transapikalen Pseudosepten stelle ich die neue Gattung zur
Familie Epithemiaceae. Sie ist in erstem
Anblick sic her verwandt mit Denticula
Kiitzing, 1844, unterscheidet sich abervon dieser Gattung besonders durch das
Vorhandensein viel groBerer poroidierter
Areolen und ihrer unregelmaBigen Anordnung. Die Areolen sind niemals regelmaBig angeordnet, somit werden alle
Katahiraia·Arten zu jeder der drei Symmetrieebenen asymmetrisch.
Es geht mir darum, daB alle zu Arten
der Gattung gehorigen Individuen auf
jeden Fall die deutlichen randstandigenZellwandverdickungen tragen, wenn auch

664.

Sawa1numia, Katahimia und Yoshidaia

diese Struktur bislang von keinem AutorfUr das den Gattungsrang charakterisierende Merkmal, iiber welches ich bei
anderen Gelegenheit eingchender spreche,genommen worden ist.
Durch die letzteren elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen ist bestatigt
worden, daB der Bau der Raphe ein erstrangiges Merkmal fiir die systematische
Gliederung der Raphideen ist, und daB
der Zusammenhang mit ihrer Lage auBerordentliche phylogenetische Bedeutung
hat (vgl. GeiBler und Gerloff, 1963).
Katahiraia aspera, n. sp.
Namengebung: asper (lat.)=grob, nachder groben und unregelmaBigen Ornamentierung an den Schalen.
Holotypus: Praparat Nr. jAPEX Fj2730(3)=8.9 X 91.8(Fm8338), Taf. 41 Fig. 1,
Abb. 5 Fig. 1.
Paratypen: Praparat Nr. jAPEX Fj2730(6)=6.0 X 78.8(Fm13485), Taf. 41 Fig.
3, Abb. 5 Fig. 5; Praparat Nr. jAPEX
Fj-2730(13)=4.4x82.0(Fm13452, 13453), Taf.
41 Fig. 2, Abb. 5 Fig. 6a, b; Praparat Nr.
jAPEX Fj-2730(11) = 19.4 X 77.9(Fm13463,
13462), Taf. 41 Fig. 4, Abb. 5 Fig. 3; Praparat Nr. jAPEX Fj-2730(3)=14.0x86.1(Fm13737), Abb. 5 Fig. 2; Praparat Nr.
jAPEX Fj-2730(6) = 9.5 X 85.7(Fm13478),
Abb. 5 Fig. 4; Praparat Nr. jAPEX Fj2730(14)=4.6x80.8(Fm13438), Abb. 5 Fig.
7: Praparat Nr. jAPEX Fj-2730~3)=10.1
x 85.3(FmI3756), Abb. 5 Fig. 8.
Material: 9 Exemplare.
Typuslage: Eine Klippe am Nordufer
des Flusses Furenbetsugawa, urn 3,6 km
siidostlich der Kleinortschaft Toyosaki,
Shosanbetsu.
Typusablagerung: Kotanbetsu-Schichten, Mittelmiozan.
Beschreibung: Zellen einzeln lebend
oder zuweilen am Schalenrand zu Bandern verbunden, in Giirtelansicht recht-

385

eckig mit leicht bogig gekriimmten Randern und spitzen bis gerundeten Ecken;
Zwischenbiinder hyalin und deutlich ringf6rmig; Schalen stark verkieselt, robust,
breit linear-lanzettlich, stark konvex, mit
stumpf gerundeten Enden, 25-38f! lang,
10-13f! breit, 4-8f! hoch; Axialarea eng,
an den beiden Seiten der Kanalraphe unddaroben yom Pol bis an den Pol vollig
laufend, ohne Mittelfeld, zirka If! breit;
Schalenmembranen dick, durchweg areoliert; Areolen grob, sehr unregelmaBig
sowohl im U mriB als in der GroBe sowie
Ordnung, 3-7 in lOf!, darin mit 1-5 winzigen Poroiden (nur durch Phasenmikroskop lichtoptisch deutlich erkennbar, zuweilen in unsere Abbildungen nicht dargestellt); Kanalraphe sehr deutlich, ziemlich dick, yom Pol bis an den Pol in derMittellinie gerade verlaufend, mit je einer
groBen elliptischen Raphenanschwellungzwischen den Pseudosepten, daher wie
eine einfachen Knotenreihe erscheinend;
Kana16ffnu:ngen eine fUr jeder Anschwellung, 4-5'in lOf!; Septa ganz entwickelt,
zwischen den Giirtel- und Zwischenbande
angelegt, mit zahlreichen, groBen, rundlichen Fenster, etwa 3 in lOf!; Pseudosepten fast miteinander parallel und ziemlich zur Apikalachse senkrecht jedoch oft
wellig gebogen, 4-5 in lOf!; Sekundare
Pseudosepten (= secondary pseudosepta
sensu KANA YA, 1951, S. 112) fehlen, stattdessen marginale Zellwandverdickungen(d.h. "marginal rib-like wall thicknings"
sensu SIMONSEN and KANA Y A, 1961, S.
499) vorhanden; Zellwandverdickungendick, kurz, gegeniiber einander an den
beiden Seiten angestoBt, 1-2 zwischen je
beide Pseudosepten, 3-4 in 10f!.
Bemerkungen: Charakteristisch sindder breitere, linear-lanzettliche UmriB unddie stark geschwollene Oberflache. In
Tenpoku ist die Art sporadisch und nur
selten haufig, aber erscheint eine stratigraphisch eingeschrankte Verbreitung zu

Seiichi KOlvl U R A

386

2

6a

3

6b

Abb. 5.

4

7

5

8

K atahil'aia aspera, n. sp.

haben.
J(alahiraia oblonga, n. Sp.
Na mengebung : oblongus (lat. )= lan gelliptisch, nach dem U mriB.
Holotypu s : Praparat Nr. JAPE X Km5151(1)= 14.8 X 83.1(Fm12302), Taf. Lll Fig.
6, A bb. 6 Fig. 1.
Paratypen: Praparat Nr. JAPE X Km 5152(7) = 1::.5 X 89.5(Fm1 3769), Abb. 6 Fig.
2; Praparat I 1. J APEX Km -5Ei8(4)=11.5 X 84.7(Fm13762), Ab b. 6 Fig. 3; Pfaparat N r. JA PEX Km - :JEil (2)= 9.2 x 85.9
(FmI3772), Abb. 6 Fig. 4.

Material: 4 Exempla re.
T ypuslage : Mee resklippe, e t wa 0,9 km
siidlich c1er Kleinortschaft Utakoshi inc1er Kleinstacl t Enbetsu , Ten po ku-Gebiet.
T ypusablagerung : Mochikubetsu- Schi ch ten, U nterpliozan.
B eschreibung : Schalen se hr stark verkieselt, linear-oblon g, mit fast parallelen
odeI' wenig konkave n Ranclel'll und breit
gerun cleten Enden, 20- 28p lang, 6-8p
breit, ca. 5p ho ch; Ax ialarea schma l,li nea r, unregel:l1a3ig begrenz t, ohne Zentralarea, etwa 0,6- l,Op breit ; Schalenoberflache grob a reolier t; Areolen runcllich-v ieleckig bis rundlich- elliptisch , von

664.

Sa WCL117/U1'aia , Katahiraia uncl Yo shiclcLia

innen nach auBen deutlich an GroBe abo
nehmend, unregelmaBig eng ze rstreut,
4- 12 in 10,11, darin mit 1- 4 undeutlichen
Poroiden ; Kanalraphe deutlich , dick, mehroder weniger der Schalenmitteliinie gena.
hert, vom Pol bis an den Pol gerade oderleicht bogig verlauf end, mit je einer eliip.
tischen Raphenansch weliun g zwischen den
Pseudosepten, daher g leichartig \-vie bei
T y pus· Art der Gattung als eine einfachen
Knotenreih e erscheinend ; Ka naloffnungeneine fiir jeder Ansch weliu ng, 4- 5 in 10,11 ;Septa voliig entwickelt, mit eine Reihe
von g rol)en Fenster von et wa 4 in 10,11;
Pseudose pten zwi schen den beiden Schalen seiten paraliel zur Tra nsa pi kalachse
verla ufenc! , oft leicht ge kriimm t , 4- 5 in
10,11 ; Zeli wand ve rdickungen etwas lang,paraliel zur Pseudosepten, senkrec ht zum
Schalenrand nach Mi ttellini e innen hervorgestoBen, 4-6 in 10,11, 1- 2 zwische n de n
Pseudosepten.

3

A bb. 6.

387

J(atahiraia paupemla , n. sp.
Name ngebu ng: pa uper (lat.)= arm , nachdel' schwachen Ent wicklung der Areolen.
Holotypus : Prapa ra t Nr. JAPEX Km 5149(2)= 16.1 X 79.9(Fm12208), Taf. 41 Fig.
7, Abb. 7.
Material : 1 Ex emplar.
T ypu slage : Meeresklippe, zirka 0,5 km
si.id lich del' Kleinortschaft Utakoshi inde r Kl einstadt Enbets l' , Tenpoku -Gebiet.
T ypu sablageru l1g : Mochikubetsu- Schichten, Unterplio zan.
B eschreibung : Sc hale stark verkieselt,
ziemlich linea r, kon vex, an den Enden
stumpf abgerundet, mit fast para lielen
Seiten, sc hwach bogig -gekriimmt, 48 ,11
la ng, 9,11 breit ; Sc halenflache dicht areoliert ; Areolen kleiner und dichter als,
und unregelmaB ig wie, bei del' andern
Arten del' Gattung, etwa 7 in 10,11, darin
mit 1- 3 win zigen Poroiden; Ax ialarea
eng, unregelmaBig begrenzt; Kanalraphesehr de utIich , von Pol bi s an den Pol inder Mit tellinie gerade la ufend, mit je
ei ner knotigen, elii ptischen oder rund lichen Raphenanschweliung zwischen denbeid en P.3eud03e ptel". wie bei der v origen
Arten; Kanaloff nu ngen durch Lichtmikro s \cop sehr schwe r zu er \cennen , vermut-

4

K atahiraia ob longa , n . sp .

Bemerl2ungen : Schalen sind den jenigen
der vori gen t ypischen Ar t a hnli ch, unter scheiden sich abe r c1urch di e fast parallelen Sc halenseiten un d die weniger lwnvexe OberfHi che. Li berga ngsfor men zur
t ypischen Art sind bishe r nicht nur morphologi sch sondern auch st ra tig raph isch
noch nicht gefund en word en, das heiBt,
die beide n Arten bestehen ni cht zusammen mit eina nder.

A bb. 7.

K atahiraia pauperata , n . s p.

Seiichi KOMU RA

388

lich eine innerhalb einer Anschwellung;
Septa vollig entwickelt, mit zahlreichen
groBen rundlichen Fenster (3 in 10,u);Pseudosepten gerade, vor den Seiten dichter bekommend, miteinander parallel aberzuweilen wellig gekrlimmt, in der Schalenmitte zur beiden Riindern senkrecht, 4-5
in lOp; Zellwandverdickungen dick, kurz,
gegenliber einander und mit Pseudosepten
abwechsend an den beiden Seiten angestoBt, 4-5 in 10,u.
Bemerkungen: Die Art ist nur durch
ein Exemplar vertreten, aber ihr Ornamentierungsmerkmale bestehen auBer der
Variationsbereich der librigen neue Artenwie in Abbildungen (Abb. 5, Fig. 1-8;
Abb.6, Fig. 1-4) gezeigt. Eine neue Art
dlirfte deshalb hier proponiert werden.
Sie unterscheidet sich von vorigen
Arten hauptsiichlich durch die kleineren
Areolen und ihre dichteren Ordnung.

Gattung zerstreut, darin mit 1-5 winzigen
Poroiden; Kanalraphe sehr deutlich, dick,in der Mittellinie gerade verlaufend, mit
je einer groBen elliptischen knotenartigen
Raphenanschwellung mit darin einer Kanaloffnung zwischen den Pseudosepten, 4
in 10,u; Septa ganz entwickelt mit groBen
Fenster, je eines zwischen den Pseudosepten; Pseudosepten gerade oder etwas
im Zickzack gekrlimmt, parallel mit einander und senkrecht zur Mittellinie laufend, vor an den Seiten stabformig verdickt, 4 in lOp; Zellwandverdickungendick, kurz, kopfig, ein Paar von Dickungen stets gegenliber einander und zwischen den beiden Pseudosepten an den
Seiten angestoBt, 4 in 10,u.

Katahiraia sp.
Typllskollektion: Priiparat Nr. JAPEX
Km-5340(3)=14.6x84.0(Fm13513), Taf. 40
Fig. 13, Abb. 8.
Material: 1 Exemplar.
Fllndort: Ein AufschluB am Slidufer
des Uruyagawa-Flusses, ca. 0,9 km ostlich
des Eisenbahnhofs Magarifuchi, TenpokuGebiet.
Fllndschicht: Masuporo-Schichten,
Mittelmioziin.
Beschreibung: Schale weit schwacher
verkieselt als die librigen Arten, linearIanzettlich mit leicht konkaven Seiten
und keilformig gerundeten (?) Enden, um
40p lang, 8p breit; Axialarea eng, hyalin, um oben den Kanalraphe, unregelmiiBig begrenzt; Schalenoberftiiche leicht
konvex, areoliert und poroidiert; Areolen
grob, von innen (6 in 10,u) nach auBen(8 in lOp) nur allmiihlich an GroBe abnehmend, sehr unregelmiiBig wie bei allen
vorliegenden hier genannten Arteu derAbb. 8.

Katahiraia sp.

Be71lerlwngen: Die Art kann sich vonden andern Arten der Gattung durch die
schwacher verkieselten, weniger konvexen und eingeschnlirten Schale unterscheiden, jedoch ist durch Areolenmerkmale (GroBe und Ordnung) mit Katahiraia
aspera, die Typus-Art der Gattung als
mit den librigen niiher verwandt.
Da bisher nur diese eine bestiitigte
Schale gefunden ist, bleibt die Art vorliiufig als neu unbenannt.

664.

Sawamuraia, Katahiraia und Yoshidaia

Gattung Yoshidaia, n. gen.
Nanzengebung: Nach dem japanischen
Erd61geologen, Herrn Yoshitaka YOSHIDA,JAPEX.
Typusart: Y oshidaia divergens, n. sp.
Beschreibung: Zellen frei, einzeln odermit den Schalenseiten zu kurzen dichtgeschlossenen Bandern vereinigt, meistenssehr kraftig verkieselt, in Giirtelansicht
rechteckig-tafelf6rmig, mit Kanalraphe,
Septa mit Zwischenbandern und Pseudosepten, ohne Endknoten oder Kiele; Schalen linear bis linear-Ianzettlich, mit gerundeten Enden und meistens transapikal
gew61bter Schalenoberflache; Zellmembranen sowohl an der Schalen- als Giirtelflache im allgemeinen mit feinen Streifen regel- und gleichmaBig strukturiert,
nicht areoliert wie bei vorigen Gattung;
Axialarea deutlich, verhaltnismaBig breit,
stets tiber Kanalraphe als eine hyaline
gestreckte Langszone tiber die ganze
Oberflache v611ig entwickelt; Kanalraphe
deutlich, in der Mittellinie oder min destens vor den Pol dort stehend, mit zahlreichen knotenartigen Anschwellungen;
Kana16ffnungen vorhanden; Septa flach,vollstandig entwickelt, mit einer Apikalrei he von rundlichen bis elliptischen Fenster; Pseudosepten gerade, gekriimmt
oder gegabelt und divergent oder senkrecht zur Apikalachse, gew6hnlich mehrals bei der vorigen Gattung; Zellwandverdickungen randstandig und stabf6rmigoder kopfig.
Bemerkungen: Gegen die dichte Verwandtschaft zur vorigen neu beschriebenen Gattung sprechen eindeutig einige
fundamentale Strukturmerkmale \Vie UmriB, Pseudosepta, Kanalraphe, u.a., unddie Gattung unterscheidet sich durch dieregelmaBig angeordnete Ornamentstruktur an der Valvarflache, demnach auchdurch die dreidimensionale Symmetrie.
Y oshidaia kann von allen tibrigen ka-

389

nalraphetragenden Gattungen durch die
durch Anschwellungen charakterisierte
Raphen-Eigenttimlichkeit unterschieden
werden.
Yoshidaia divergens, n. sp.
Namengebung: vergo (lat.)=herankommen oder hinneigen, nach der Ordnungsweise der Pseudosepta.
Holotypus: Praparat Nr. J APEX Km5034(18)=6.0x83.8(Fm13615), Taf. 40 Fig.
6, Abb. 9 Fig. l.
Paratypen: Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km5034(14)= 14.5 X 76.0(Fm13647), Abb. 9 Fig.
2; Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5034(18)=13.6x80.7(Fm13618), Abb. 9 Fig. 3.
jl;Iaterial: 4 Exemplare.
Typuslage: Ein AufschluB am Nordufer des Uruyagawa-Flusses, urn 1,3 km
6stlich des Eisenbahnhofs Magarifuchi,
Tenpoku-Gebiet.
Typusablagerung: Masuporo-Schichten,
Mittelmiozan.
Beschreibung: Zellen verhaltnismaBig
stark verkieselt, einzeln, in Giirtelansicht
rechteckig-tafelf6rmig, mit geraden, vor
dem Pol etwas eingesenkten Randern;
Schalen typisch linear, zuweilen transapikalleicht-konvex, fast gerade aber oft
sigmaf6rmig gebogen, mit parallelen Randern und stumpf gerundeten Enden, 3146p lang, 6-7 p breit; Valvarmembranen
zart und regelmaBig strukturiert; Transapikalstreifen sehr fein, oft teilweise
fehlend, zart poroidiert, 17-19 in 10 p, 2-5
zwischen den beiden Pseudosepten; Poroide in Quinkunx, transapikalwarts 19-22 in lOp, die zur Kanalraphe nachsten
Poroiden oft gr6Ber werdend, und daher
einer Paar von Langsreihen der leicht
vergr6.Berten Poroiden entiang beiderseits
des Kanalraphe gegentiber laufend ; Axialarea eng, unregelmaBig begrenzt, ohne
Mittelfeld; Kanalraphe sehr deutlich, inder Mittellinie oder etwas seitlich dersel-

Seiichi KOMU R A

390ben, gerade oder leicht wellig verbogen,von Pol bis an den Pol vollig entwickelt,
mit groberer elliptischer Anschwellungenauf eine g leiche Entfernung, 5 in 10,u, jeeine zwischen den Pseudosepten liegend ,deswegen wie eine einfachen Knotenketteerscheinend ; Kanaloffnungen sehr winzig,
je eine innerhalb der Rapbenanschwellung; Septa flach , mit zahlreichen graBen
Offnungen, je eine gleichfa lls wie bei
Rapbenanscbwellung; Pseudosepten tiefeindringend, im all gemeinen gerade undparallel, jedoch mit Tendenz gegen dermorpbologiscb gleichen Seite zu divergieren, vor dem Schalenrande sich zu
gabeln und besonders in der Na he derEnden kurbelartig sich zu kri.immen, Ll-5
in lOll; Zellwandverdickungen kurz, randstandi g, gegeni.iber einander bestehend , jeeine Paar zwischen den beiden Pseudosepten.

2Abb. 9.

3

Y oshidaia divergen s, n. sp.

B eme1'lnmgen: Die vorli egende Art
ist binsicbtlicb der di versierten und gekri.immten Pseudosepta und des parallelen Schalenrandes charakteristiscb. Sie
tritt in Tenpoku-Proben am baufigsten
von allen Yo shidaia -Arten auf.

Yo shidaia constricta, n. sp.
Namengebung: constringo (lat.)= fest
binden, nach dem eingescbniirten Scha len -·umriB.
Holotypus: Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km 5037(9)= 10.6 x 90.5(Fm10222), Taf. 40 Fig.
9, Abb . 10 Fig. 1.
Pamty pen : Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km5037(S) = 10.4 X S1.7(Fm10101), Taf. 40 Fig.
10, Abb. 10 Fig. 2: Praparat Nr. JAPEX
Km-5034(2)= 11.6 X SO.0(Fm13664), Abb. 10'
Fig. 3.
Material: 3 Exemplare.
T yjJuslage: Ein AufschluB am Si.idufer
des Uruyagawa-Flusses, ca. 1,1 km ostlich
des Eisenbabnhofs Magarifuchi, Tenpoku-.
Gebiet.
T ypu sablagerung .' Masuporo-Sch ichten,
Mittelmiozan.
Beschreibung : Zellen frei , einzeln; Scha-·len linear, stark gewo lb t, mit in der Mitte
eingeschni.irten Seiten und stumpf bis
keilformig ger undeten, zuvvei len etwas
vorgezogenen Enden, mehr oder weniger
heteropol im UmriB, 36- 4S,u lang, 5- 6,u inder Mitte 6-7,u vor den Enden breit;
Axialarea schmal, linear, durcb kammerartige Struktur unregelm aBig und wellig
begrenzt, ohne Zentralarea; Valvarwancle
linear gestreift; Transapika lstreifen sehrfein , oft schwer zu erkennen, durcb hyaline Axiala rea stets unterbrochen, parallel zu Pseud osepten, poroidiert, 12-15 in
10,u, 1- 3 zwischen den Pseudosepten;
Poroiden licbtoptisch nur undeutlich sichtbar, lS- 20 in 10,u, die einige VO l' den inneren Enden leicht vergroBert, verdickt
und miteinander vereinigt, so daB uranfanglicbes unvo llstandiges Kammercben
sich bildend; Kanalraphe deutlich , ziemlich gerade, in der Mittellinie oeler dazunacbst, mit gleich-entfernter verbreiteten
ellip tischen ansch well ungen, je eine vor
der Zellwandverdickun g, 5- 6 in 10,u; Kanalbffnunge n' auBerst winzig, kaum unter-664.

Sawarnumia , Katahimia und Yoshidaia

scheid bar durch Lichtmikroskop; Pseudosepten di vergent, in der Schalenmitte gerade, miteinander parallel und zur apikalachse senkrecht, aber in der Nahe derSchalenenden mit Apikalchse einen spitzen Winkel bildend und kurbelahnlich gebrochen oder zweiastig gegabelt, 5-7 in
lOp; Zellwandverdickungen kurz, randstandig, lmotig oder kopfig, mit Pseudosepta wechselnd und dazwischen gepaart,
5-7 in lOp.

Abb. 10.

Y oshidaia canst1-icta, n. sp.

Bemerkungen: Keins der untersuchten
Exemplare scheint die wahrhaften Septa
zu tragen, trotzdem wird die Art sic her
wegen der Ubereinstimmung von Eigen tiimlichkeiten in bezug auf die Kanalraphe und Zellvvandstruktur zur vorl iegende Gattung Yoshidaia gestellt. Die
septa tragenden Exemplare werden vielleicht durch zukiinftige Forschungen gefunden worden.
Y oshidaia constricla wird durch den
eingeschniirten U mriB und die teilweisegebildete uranfang lichen Kammerchen
von der typischen Art der Gattung
unterschieden.

391

Y oshidaia loeulata, n. sp.
Na mengebung: loculus (lat.)= Schmalplatz, nach der in zahlreichen Kammerchen geteilten Schalenmembran.
Holotypu s : Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km 5041(16)= 13.9 X 93.4(Fm9636), Taf. 40 Fig.
11, Abb. 11 Fig. 1.
Paratypen. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km5041(35)= 6.5 X 79.7 (Fm13495), Taf. 41
Fig. 9, Abb. 11 Fig. 5; Praparat Nr.
J APEX Km-5041(34) = 8.2 X 76.8(Fm13534),
Abb. 11 Fig. 2 ; Praparat Nr. JAPE X Km
-5041(33) = 11.4 X 83.7(Fm13540), Abb. 11
Fig. 3; Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km - 5041(l3)= 13.2 x 83.2(Fm13543), Abb. 11 Fig. 4.
Material: 5 Exemplare.
Typuslage: Ein AufschluB am Siidufer
des U ruyagawa-Flusses, um 0,7 km ostlich
des Eisenbahnhofs Magarifuchi, TenpokuGebiet.
Typu sablageru ng : Koi toi -Schich ten,
Oberstmiozan.
Besehreibung: Zellen frei , einzeln oderzuweilen mit den Schalenseiten zu kur zen
dicht geschlossenen Bandern verbunden ,sehr kraftig verkieselt, in Giirtelansicht
rechteckig-tafelformig mit in der Mi tte
geraden, vor den Polen allmahlich eingesenkten Randern und abgerundeten
Ecken; Schalen linear, stark gewolbt, mit
parallelen Randern und breit gerundeten
Enden , 44-49plang, 6-8p breit ; Zellwande
kompliziert jedoch regelm aBig strukturiert, gekammert und gestreift; Kammern
auf der Valvarflache lang-rechteckig,
transapika l gerichtet, beiderseits der Ka nalraphe gegeniiber paa rig geordnet, ineiner Seite durch die Axialarea begrenzt
und in der andern mit dem Valvarrandegeschlossen, ungeteilt, 7- 9 in lOp , je
2- 5 zwischen den beiden Pseudosepten;
Transapikalstreifen sehr fe in, poroidiert,
senkrecht zur Mittellinie in Doppelreihen,
stets innerhalb der Kammer beschrankt,
13- 17 in 10,u; Poroide sehr win zig , licht -Seiichi KOMURA

392

optisch erkennbar nur durch Phasenmikroskop, 16-24 in lOp, eine Paar vonUingsreihen der etwas vergroBerten Poroiden entlang beiderseits der Axialarea
oft gebildet; hyaline Zwischenraumezwischen den Kammern als die kraftige
Rippe transapikal laufend, an inneren
Enden von hyalinen Axialarea gekreuzt
und damit einander verschmolzt, an
auBeren ans Valvarrand reichend und dort
stets mit einer von Zellwandverdickungenverbunden ; Axialarea schmal, linear,unregelmaBig begrenzt, 0,5-1,Op breit;
Kanalraphe deutlich aber feiner als bei
vorigen Arten, yom Pol an den Pol in derMittellinie gerade laufend, mit kleinen
elliptischknotigen gleichentfernten Anschwellungen 8-9 in lOp, je eine vor der
Schalenkammern ; KanalOffnungen unsichtbar; Septa ganz entwickelt, mit zahlreichen, groBen, zwischen den Pseudosepten gelegten und elliptischen Fenster(3 in 10,£1); Pseudoseptendeutlich, gewohnlich gerade, vor den Polen oft gewellt,
senkrecht zum Valvarrand und an dort
etwas keulenformig verdickt, 2-4 in lOp;
Zellwandverdiekungen kurz, randstandig,
gegeniiber einander und dieht angenahert
besetzt, 12-16 in 10,£1, je eine fUr jede
Schalenkammer und fUr jeden Zwischen-2
Abb. 11.

3

4.

5

Y oshidaia loculata, n. sp.

raume.
Bemerkungen: Die Zellen der Art sindauBer vor der Polen apikalweise flach,transapikalweise stark·konvex, und deshalb iiberhaupt zylindrisch gebildet. Die
Art kann sich durch ihre charakteristischen Strukturen, insbesondere die langrechteckigen Kammerchen und dichtergeordneten Zellwandverdickungen vonzwei bereits beschriebenen Arten leicht
unterscheiden.
Y oshidaia? densicostata, n. sp.
Namengebung: dens us (lat.)=dicht undcosta (lat.)=Rippe, nach der Ordnungszustande der dichter gestellten Pseudosepten.
Holotypus: Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km5041(13)=13.4x 98.0(Fm9672), Taf.40 Fig.
12, Abb. 12.
Material: 1 Exemplar.
Typuslage: Ein AufschluB am Siidufer
des Uruyagawa-Flusses, urn 0,7 km ostlich
des Eisenbahnhofs Magarifuchi, TenpokuGebiet.
Typusablagerung: Koitoi-Schichten,
Oberstmiozan.
Beschreibung: Schale stark verkieselt,
linear, mit parallelen Randern und stumpf
gerundeten Enden, 44,£1 lang, 7 p breit;
Schalenoberflache stark gewolbt, regelmaBig gestreift; Transapikalstreifen zart
und undeutlich, in Doppelreihen zwischen
den Pseudosepten stehend, von hyaliner
Axialarea stets unterbrochen, fein poroidiert, etwa 16 in lOp; Poroide sehr winzig, unterscheidbar nur durch Phasenmikroskop, 25 in 10,£1, eine Paar vonLangsporoidenreihen gleicherweise wie
bei der Typus-Art der Gattung gebildet;
Axialarea gerade, in der Mittellinie, verhaltnismaBig breit, ein Sechstel der Schalenbreite besetzend, wellig begrenzt; Kanalraphe gerade, in der Mittellinie deutlich bestehend, enger als die der andern

664.

Sa'Wal1?"nmia, Katahiraia '/,~ncl Yoshiclaia

Arten, mit zahlreichen groBeren knotigen
Anschwellungen (8-9 in 10,u), je eine zwi·
schen den beiden Pseudosepten; Kanal .
offnung unsicbtbar; kaum Sep ta im ein·facben Exemplar festgestellt ; Pseudo·
septen deutlich, gerade jedoch zuweilen
in cler Mitte etvvas gekrummt, senkrecht
zur Apikalachse, auf eine clicbtere uncl
gleicbe Entfernung gestellt, zirka 9 in
10,u; Zellwandverdickungen gar nicht vor·
hanclen.

Abb. 12.

Y oshidaia? densicoslala , n. sp.

B emerlwngen : Die Art scbeint auf.
gruncl cler Verlangerung des linearen U m·
Tisses, cler starken W olbung der Scbale
uncl cler Doppelreihen der Poroiden mit
cler vorigen Art, Yoshidaia loculata n.
sp. verwandt, aber sie unterscheiclet sicb
unterscheidet sich leicbt durcb clas Feb·
len cler Schalenkammerchen uncl clas Vor·hanclensein cler weit clicbter georclneten
Pseudosepten.
Obwoh l die Art die fur Yo shidaia cba·
rakteristischen Zellvvandverclickungen hat,kann nichts festgestellt werden, da sie
beim einzigen Funcl fehlen. Die Stellung
wird damit unsicher bleiben, bis weitere
Exemplare gefunclen werclen.

393

Yo shidaia? pupurifera, n. sp.
Namengebung: pupula (lat. )= Pupilleuncl fero (lat.) = tragen, nacb der am
Rancl reihenden augen abnlichen Poren.
Holotypus : Praparat Nr. JAPE X Km5034(1)= 7.0 x 89.0(Fm13658), Taf. 41 Fig.
10, Abb. 13 Fig. 4.
Paratypen: Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km 5034(1)= 11.1 X 89.7(Fm13653), Taf. 41 Fig.
11, Abb. 13 Fig. 3; Praparat Nr. JAPEX
Km- 5034(2)= 4.5 X 88.4(Fm13669), Taf. 41
Fig. 12, Abb. 13 Fig. 1; Praparat Nr.
J APEX Km - 5034(2) = 15.1 X 86.5(Fm13661),
Abb. 13 Fig. 2.
Mat erial: 4 Exemplare.
T ypuslage : Ein Aufsch luB am Nord.
ufer des Uruyagawa.Fl usses, etwa 1,3 km
ostlich cles Eisenba hnhofs Magarifuchi,
Tenpoku·Gebiet.
T ypusablagerung: Masuporo·Schich ten,
Mittelmiozan.
Beschreibung: Zellen frei, einzeln, in
Giirtelansicht rechteckig·tafelformig mit
abgeruncleten Ecken; Scbalen linear·lan·
zettlich in transapikaler Richtung sch.
wach gewolbt, mit transapikal leicht·er·
weiterter Mitte uncl breit bis stumpf ge·
runcleten Enden, zuweilen ein bi1?>chen
S·formig gebogen, 29-36,u lang, 4-8,ubreit; Axialarea eng in cler lVIitte, hyalin,
gerade, uber Kanalraphe, vor den Polenmebr ocler weniger breiter werclend; Val.
varmembran gestreift und poroicliert,
9- 10 in10,u; Transapikalstreifen zart, un·deutlicb , meistens nur unvollkommen ent·
wickelt, stets in einer Reibe zwischen den
Pseudosepten uncl von h yalinear Axia l.
area unterbrocben; Poroide sebr winzig
auBer claB clie auBersten sehr groB ent·
wickeln , in einel' Al'eole sich zu ubel'ge.
hen uncl cleswegen a ls eine Langsreihecler augenabnli cben runcllicben Areo len
entlang innerhalb des Va lvarrandes von
Pol bis an den Pol vollstandig verlaufen,
eine anclere Langsl'eihe del' gl'oBeren Po·

394

Seiichi KOMURA

roiden paarig beiderseits der Kanalraphemindestens in der Schalenmitte zuweilengebildet, zwischen diese zwei Arten Uingsrei hen einige winzige Poroide hauptsachlich in der Nahe der Schalenmitte trans-

apikal geordnet (aber meistens unvollkommen nur in gr6Beren Exemplare);Kanalraphe schmal, gerade, in der Mittellinie gelegen, mit gleichentfernten Raphenanschwellungen, je eine zwischen den bei-Tafelerklarungen(Vergr6Berung:

Jeder schwarze Stock entsprieht einheitlieh 10 Mikron.)
Tafel 40

Fig. 1. Sawamuraia biseriata, n. gen., n. sp.
Holotypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-4937(2)=7.8x88.2(Fml0755). Wakkanai-Sehiehten_
Obermiozan.
Fig. 2. Sawamuraia quadriseriata, n. sp.
Holotypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5154(2) = 12.2 x 90.0(FmI2397). Moehikllbetsll-Sehiehten. U nterpliozan.
Fig. 3. Sawamuraia quadriseriata, n. sp.
Paratypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-3519(1l) =8.0 x 89.3(Fm8505). Koitoi-Sehiehten. Oberstmiozan.
Fig. 4. Sawamuraia multibullata, n. sp.
HolotYPllS. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Fo-ll (15) =7.9 x 90.2(FmI2032). Koitoi-Sehiehten. Oberstmiozan.
Fig. 5. Sawallluraia muttibullata, n. sp.
ParatYPlls. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Fo-ll (11) = 12.3 x 82.8(FmI2045). Koitoi-Sehiehten. Oberstmiozan.
Fig. 6. Yoshidaia divergens, n. gen., n. sp.
HolotYPllS. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5031(18) =6.0 x 83.8(FmI3615, 13616). Masllporo-Sehiehten. Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 7. Yoshidaia divergens, n. gen., n. sp.
ParatYPlls. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5034(l8) = 13.6 x 80.9(FmI3618, 13620). Masllporo-Sehiehten. Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 8. Yashidaia divergens, n. gen., n. sp.
ParatYPlls. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5034(14)=14.5x76.0(FmI3647, 136"18). Masuporo.Sehi.
ehten. Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 9. Yoshidaja constricta, n. sp.
Ho\otypus. Praparat N r. JAPEX Km-5037(9) = 10.6 x 90.5(Fml0222). Masuporo-Sehiehten.
Mi tte\ miozan.
Fig. 10. Yoshidaia constricta, n. sp.
Para tYPllS. Praparat N r. JAPEX Km-5037 (8) = 10.4 x 81.7 (Fml 0101). Masuporo.Sehiehten.
Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 11. Yoshidaia loculata, n. sp.
Ho\otypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5041 (\6) = 13.9 x 93.4(Fm9636). Koitoi-Sehiehten. Oberstmiozan.
Fig. 12. Y oshidaia? densicostata, n. sp.
Holotyplls.· Prapiuat Nr. JAPEX Km-5041 (13) =13.4 x 98.0(Fm9672). Koitoi-Sehiehten. Oberst.
miozan.
Fig. 13. Katahiraja sp.
Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5340(3) = 14.6 x 8.!.0(FmI3513). Masuporo·Sehiehten. Mittelmiozan.

KOMURA: Sawamuraia, Katahiraia, Yoshidaia, neue Diatomgattungen Tafel 40

I

1
2

,.••

··•

:I

1

1

I

664.

SCL'Warnumia, Katahimia und Yoshidaia

den Pseudosepten, 9- 10 in la p; Septen
nicht gef unden so wei t Exempla re gepri.ift
w urden; Pseudosepten gerade, verh a ltnis·
ma Big dick, jedo ::h nicht tief ins Zellinne re eindringend, se nkrecht zur A pikalac hse, g leichentfe rnt, 9-10 in l ap ; Zellwand ve rdic kungen ga r nicht entwickelt.

2
A bb. 13.

3

4

Y oshidcia ? pupu1'1/era, n. sp .

395

poku- Gebiet.

F undsch ich t .-Masuporo- Schichten,

Mittelmiozan.

Beschreibung.- Schale linea r, mi t pa rallelen Ra nde rn und keilformig gerundeten Enden, e tvvas !con vex, 48p la ng, 7 p
breit ; T ransapika ls treifen zart, parallel
zur Pse udosepten, fein poroi diert ; Poroi de sehr win zig, in Quinkun x, transa pi kal wa r ts ca. 21 in l ap; Ka nalra phe vor de n
Polen in der Mittellinie, an dernteil s da neben ; Kan albff nungen deutlich sichtbar,
je ein e innerhalb einer Raphenanschwellu ng ; Se pta fl ac h, mit zahlreich en ellip tisc hen Fenster in api kal en Ri chtung;Pseudosep ta leicht di vergent, in der Na hede r Polen entweder gegabelt od er kur bela r t ig gekr um mt, 6 in lap; Zell wa nd verdi c kunge n kurz, rands ta ndig , gegenuber
einande r zwisc hen den beiden Pseudo septe n, 6 in l ap; sons ti ge strukturellenl\Ilerkmale wie bei der t y pischen A rt derGattun g.

BemerllU ngen .- Die Art mag a uf Grundder di cht-entfern t georclneten Pseudosept en mit cler oben beschriebenen neuen
A rt, Y oshidaia? densicos tala ver wa nd t
sein . Sie untef3ch eidet s ic h a ber durch
die Zahl cler Tra nsa pikalstreife n zwischen
den Pseuclosepten und La ngsreihen de r
a ugena rti ge n rand s ta ndigen Areolen. Die
Determina t ion wird gegenwa rtig mit Fra gezeichen ver sehen, sola nge keine g ri..indli che Suc he nach sep ta t rage nden Exempla ren unte rnomm en wi rcl .
Y oshidaia sp.
Abb . 1"1.

Y oshida ic. sp.

T ypu slwlle!?tioiL.

Prapa ra t Nr. JA PE X
Km - 503 L1(2) = 4.2 X 87.5 (Fml 0841), T af.
41 Fig. 13, A bb. 14.
Mat erial.- 1 E xemplar.
Fu ndort.- Ein A ufschluB a m Nord ufer
des Uru yaga wa-Flu sses, zir ka 1,3 km ostli c h des Eisenba hnhofs Maga rif uchi. T en-

BeliLerlw ngen.- Die a rt wird bis her nur
mit diesem einen Exemplar vertreten, jedoch is t in Bese t z von cl ive rgenten, gegabelten ode r gekri..immten Pseudosepten
und von in Quinkunx geordne ten Poroiden mit de r T y pus -Art cl er Gattun g nahe

Seiichi KOMU RA

396

verwandt. Sie unterscheidet sich abervon ihr durch dichter stehenden Paeudosepten.
Es ist noch nicht ermittelt, ob mor-

phologischer Ubergang sich wesenhaftbefindet. Bis Erklaren dieser Zweifelpunkte bleibt die Art unbenannt.

Tafelerklarungen(VergroBerllng:

Jeder schwarze Stock entsprieht einheitlieh 10 Mikron.)
Tafel 41

Fig. 1. Katahiraia aspera, n. gen., n. sp.
Holotypus. Praparat Kr. JAPEX Fj-2730(3) =8.9 x 91.8(Fm8338). Kotanbetsll·Sehiehten.
Mi ttelmiozan.
Fig. 2. Katahiraia aspera, n. gen., n. sp.
Paratypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Fj-2730(l3) =4.4 x 82.0(FmI3452, 13453). Kotanbetsu-Sehiehten. Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 3. Katahiraia aspera, n. gen., n. sp.
Paratypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Fj-2730(6) =6.0 x 78.8(FmI3485). Kotanbetsu-Sehiehten.
Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 4. Katahiraia aspera, n. gen., n. sp.
Paratypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Fj-2730(1l) = 19.4 x 77.9(FmI3463, 13462). Kotanbetsu-Sehiehten. Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 5. Katahiraia aspera, n. gen., n. sp.
Paratypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Fj-2730(3) = 10.1 x 85.3(Fm13756)_ Kotanbetsll-Sehiehten.
Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 6. Katahiraia oblonga, n. sp.
Holotypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5151(1)=14.8x83.1(Fm12302). Moehikllbetsll-Sehiehten. Unterpliozan.
Fig. 7. Katahiraia pauperata, n. sp.
Holotypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5149(2) = 16.1 x 79.9(Fm12208, 12207). MoehikllbetsuSehiehten. U nterpliozan.
Fig. 8. Y oshidaia constricta, n. sp.
Paratypus. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-503-1(19) =8.2 x 84.5(Fm13562). Masuporo-Sehiehten.
Mi ttelmiozan.
Fig. 9. Y oshidaia loculata, n. sp.
ParatYPlls. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5041 (35) =6.5 x 79.7(FmI34g5, 13491). Koitoi-Sehiehten.
Oberstmiozan.
Fig. 10. Yoshidaia? pupurifera, n. sp.
I-IOlotYPllS. Praparat Nr. JAPE X Km-503-1(1)=7.0x89.0(Fm13658). Masllporo-Sehiehten.
Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 11. Yoshidaia? pupurifera, n. sp.
ParatYPlls. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5034(1) =11.1 x89.7(FmI3653). Masuporo-Sehichten.
Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 12. Y oshidaia? pupurifera, n. sp.
ParatYPlls. Praparat Nr. JAPEX Km-5034(2) =4.5 x 88.4(rmI3669). Masuporo-Sehiehten.
Mittelmiozan.
Fig. 13. Y oshidaia sp.
Praparat Kr. JAPEX Km-5034(2) =4.2 x 87.5(Fml0841, 10842). Masuporo-Sehiehten. Mittelmiozan.

KOMURA: Sawamuraia, Katahiraia, Yoshidaia, neue Diatomgattungen Tafel 41

. ..

'.
* ~

~~-\
.~r.--4·f,,"".'.,JJJ....'_.-'
I

7·,,,·ow e

~.,.

..

,

.~:" .,
~

,

I

l
9a

9b

664.

Sawamumia, Katahiraia und Yoshidaia

Literatur
GEISLER, U. und GERLOFF, J. (1963): Elektronenmikroskopische Beitrage zur Phylogenie der Diatomeenrhaphe. Nov. Hedw.,
6, 339-352, TaL 97-103.
HATA, M. (1961): Explanatory text of thegeological map of Japan, Hatsuura. Ceol.
Surv. Japan, 1-2,1-60,1-8, Abb. 1-15, Tab.
1-10,1 Karte, (lap. mit engl. Zusammenf.).
HEN DEY, N.!. (1964): An introductory account of the smaller algae of British
Coastal Waters, Part V: Bacillariophyta(Diatoms). i-xxii, 1-317, Taf. 1-45, Abb.
1-9, Tab. 1-8, H.M.S.O., London.
HLJSTEDT, F. (1927-64): Die Kieselalgen
Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz mit Beriicksichtigung der iibrigen
Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden
Meeresgebiete: in Rabenhorstes Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Osterreichs
und der Schweiz, 7. (1): 1-920, Abb. 1542, (2): 1-736, Abb. 1-ll05, (3): 1-556,
Abb. 1-4ll, Leipzig.
- - (1956): Kieselalgen (Diatomeen): in
Einfiihrung in die Kleinlebewel t, 7-70,
TaL 1-"1, Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart.
JOLISE, A.P. (1963): Bacillariophyta: in VAXRA~IEEVA, V.A. et aI., Osnovi Paleonto!ogii, 55-151, Abb. 1-200, Izd. Akad. Nauk,Moskva.
KANAYA, T. (1957): Eocene diatom assemblages from the Kellog and "Sidney"
shales, Mt. Diablo Area, California. Sci.
Rept. TollOku Univ., 2nd ser. (Ceol.), 28,
27-12-1, TaL 1-6, Abb. 1-4, Tab. 1-6.
- - (1959): Miocene diatom-assemblages
from Onnagawa formation and their dis-

Enbetsu
Furenbetsuga wa
Kawasaki
Koitoi
Kotanbetsu
Magarifuchi
Masuporo
Mochikubetsu
Onishibetsu~~Ij

JJllIZlj !II

!II

I~,~

~

Ii\]

F'

ifft J]1j
rJll
:ttl

vm

~
Di~ 5J1j
5iL~ Zlj

397

tribution in the correlative formationsin Northeast Japan. Ibid., 30, 1-130, TaL
1-11, Abb. 1-2, Tab. 1, 7 Karten.
KARSTEl', G. (1928): Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae): in Engler, A. u. PRA"\TL, K.,
Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 2, 105303, Fig. 93-424, Verlag von Wilhelm
Engelmann, Leipzig.
MINATO, M. et al. (1965): The geologic development of the Japanese islands. i-xxv,
1-442, TaL 1-30, Abb. 1-26, Tab. 1-25,
Tsukijishokan, Tokio.
NAGAO, S. (1960): Explanatory text of thegeological map of Japan, Toyotomi. Ceol.
Surv. Hokkaido, 1-42, Photo. 1-20, Abb. 16, 1 Karte, (lap. mit eng!. ZusammenL).
OSANAI, H. (1954): Explanatory text of thegeological map of Japan, Wakkanai. Ibid.,
1-3, Taf. 1-6, Abb. 1-7, Tab. 1-3, 1 Karte,(lap. mit eng!. Zusammenf.).
PERAGALLO, H. et M. (1897-1908): Diatomees
marines de France, et des districts maritimes voisins. i-xii, 1-493, Taf. 1-137,
Grez-sur-Loing.
SCHRADER, H.-J. (1973): Cenozoic diatoms
from the northeast Pacific, Leg 18: in
KLILM, L.D., et aI., Initial reports of the
Deep Sea Drilling Project, 18, 673-798,
TaL 1-26, Abb. 1-36, Tab. 1-8, U.S. GO\·.
Printing Office, Washington.
TAKAHASHI, K. und ISHIYAMA, S. (1968): Explanatory text of the geological map ofJapan, Numakawa. Ceol. Surv. Hokkaido,
1-46, Abb. 1-21, Tab. 1-21, Tab. 1-3, 1
Karte, (lap. mit eng!. Zusammenf.).
VAN HEURCK, H. (1896): A treatise on theDiatomaceae. i-xx, 1-558, TaL 1-35, Fig.
1-291, Wesley & Son, London.

Sakanoshita
Shosanbetsu
TenpokuToyosakiToyotomi
UruyagawaUtakoshiWakkanai

Jft / TW JlJ 5J1j

::R

::It

.!!!!

iIiIjl5L

I£I~~VTE:fr!ll

"'"'

lID:
ffE

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P'I

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 103, pp. 398-405, pI. 42, Oct., 15, 1976

665. ON THE PERMIAN BRYOZOA FROM THE NORTHERNPART OF SAINBEYLI, CENTRAL TURKEY ~SUMIO SAKAGAMI
Department of Geology, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790

rlv::I<pflB, -<t1 :/~-1 !I~I:1J~=:I:*c':~!:R.1t;fiI;::''':>\''"(: 19721j:., JtflB~~i#Mj.:,¥=f;Iq
Wlil~lilbcfjfi!j;lj~I;::'.t 7.> -1 -7 :/, r IV::I ts:. CI;::,:to~ 7.> <po il1=.W-mW-ftllIO)~I~~F¥:'¥=A':Hvf~tJ~:to.: ts:.bnt.:tJ~, -to)~, r Iv::I 0)-<t-1 :/~-1 !I ~1:1Jf.J 20 km O):!1B:I!l!t-e=1i. =~*o) ~ !1
Y " :/'k C '? t,:::l1TI;::,l*~ Lt.:=ii:~1l) .: ~!:R.I;::' ,,:>1, '"(li1f~ Lt.:;}.d*='k¥a15- L. fjill)BC.t::'k:to.:td 0 :j1jj~I;::,-tIl)g[iliJj*'k7f- Lt.:tJ~, g[:/f.li ItttE L "(1,'7.> ~~-e \:t'~ L "(1,'7.>b~-elits:.
I, '0 ~lJ1j-e~t.:.: ~!:R.li

Cyclotrypa ogbinensis, Fistulipora d. monticulosa, Pseudobatostomella decora, Araxopora araxensis, Polypora tubulosa Il) 5 fm-e. -tll)? 't;:, p Y-7 ~~:!1B0)=~* Kazanian tJ,~~~nt.: Pseudob. decora 'kll):f< ftl!1l) 4ffHi 7 IV.;( =-71l);( Iv 7 7 :!1B:!1iX;1l) Gnishik horizon (Guadalupian) tJ, ~~t::¥a1'r~nt.:fil!-e.:!!> IJ. .: Il)t.:V:l*~ L14t.:~*lifji~tJ~-r < ts:.l" c lil,,;{.. 71v.;( =- 7 ;(lv7 7 :!1B:!1iX;Il)I;'jJ~t\':.: ~!:R.BlIJ*,lWC\:t'1~ts:.l~ljIl!11:'k*,~7.> t O)-e.:!!> 7.>0

ltitJ:m:1c

Introduction and Acknowledgments

OZEAN for their kind guidances in thefield. I would also like to thank in particular the members of Japanese party:
Drs. Y. BANDO, K. ISHII, M. MURATA, K.
NAKAMURA, K. NAKAZAWA, Y. OKIMURA
and S. SHIMIZU for their kind cooperationsin the field. The field survey was financedby the Overseas Scientific Research Fundof the Ministry of Education, Japan forthis project in 1972.

In 1972, as a part of the research project on the Pe~mian/Triassic boundary
problems, our party under the leadershipof Professor K. NAKAZAWA, Kyoto University had a chance to visit Turkey, andengaged in the biostratigraphical fieldsurvey in the area of Naltas about 20 km
north of Sainbeyli which is about 400 km
southelst from Ankara. Small bryozoan
fauna described here was collected fromthe middle part of the Permian section
taken by us in the area. This is the first
paleontological report on the Permianbryozoans from Turkey.
Before going further, I would like toexpress my sincere thanks to the staffs
of MT A in Ankara, Turkey for theirhearty arrangement and help in making
the research successful, especially toMessers. Ethem GOGER and Ahmet

Faunal Analysis
The schematic diagram of the Permian
section in the area is shown in the Textfigure. The bryozoans were found in association with some brachiopods from theuppermost part of marly limestone (about
30m thick) which is covered by the cliff
forming bedded limestone (about 30m
thick). Several other fossils identified in
the field are shown also in the Text-figure.
The following five bryozoan species
were discriminated:* Received April 14, 1976: read Jan. 30,
1976 at Kawatabi.

398

665. Permian Bryozoa from Northern Part of Sainbeyli
Cyclotrypa ogbinensis MOROZOVA
Fistulipora sp. d. F. monticulosa

horizon of the Guadalupian stage inArmenian Dzhulfa of Trans-Caucasia by
MOROZOVA (in RuzHENTsEv and SARYCHEVA, 1965).
Thus, it is clear that, in spite of thepoor number of species, the present
bryozoan fauna is closely related to the
Permian bryozoan fauna of Armenian
Dzhulfa that is about 800 km east fromthe present locality.

NIKIFOROVA

Pseudobatostomella decora MOROZOVA
Araxopora araxensis (NIKIFOROVA)
Polypora tubulosa NIKIFOROVA

Four species ofthem,

except399

forPseudobatostomella decora originally des-cribed from the Upper Kazanian stage ofseveral localities in Russian Platform,
have been reported from the Gnishik

Claraia. Unionites. Promyalina?

Triass ie/Permian Boundary(seeminoly conformable).><:>C-~-

Staffella, Warthia---.-... Spinomarginifera. Orfhothetina/

Waagenaphyllum
BRYOZOA, Brachiapada

Chusenella
Bellerophon,
BrachiopodaoPerm ia n/Carbon i ferous
Boundary (faullJ

Text-fig. Schematic diagram of the Permian section at about 20 km. northof Sainbeyli. (by the party (NAKAZAWA et a\.) of the field survey, 1972)

Description of Species
Cyclotrypa ogbinensis MOROZOVA
Plate 42, Figs. 1, 2.
1965. Cyclotrypa ogbinensis MOROZOV"\, p. 183,
pI. XXV, fig. 1.

Zoarial observations:- About 3cm X 3cm
weathered surface specimen of zoarium
was collected and three oriented sections
were made out of the specimen for examination. Zoarium encrusting ane! could
have been attached to foreign substancesuch as seaweed. Thickness of zoarium
usually 2 to 3mm, 5mm at the maximum.
Tangential section :-Zooecial tubes circular, their average diameter 0.270 mm,
ranging from 0.240 to 0.340 mm in some
80 measurements. Usually 3.5 to 4
zooecia per 2 mm diagonally, 17 to 18
zooecia in a field of 4 sq. mm. Occasionally prominently large zooecial tubes
disposed at interval of about 2 mm, theirdiameter ranging from 0.400 to 0.450 mm.
Vesicular tissue not so regular in size
and arrangement, usually one to threevesicles between adjacent zooecia. Usu-

Sumio SAKAGAMI

400

ally 5 to 6 vesicles per mm horizontally.
No lunarium developed.
Longitudinal section:- Zooecial tubes
run for a short distance along coenelasma
but curve gradually upward, making aright angle in mature region. Thin diaphragms well developed nearly straightor slightly concave and inters paces between diaphragms usually about 0.50 mm,
ranging from 0.25 to 0.75 mm. Interzooecial tissue consisting of irregularly
arranged vesicles like depressed fishscales but more elongated in some cases.
Remarks:- The present species was
originally described from the Gnishik
horizon of Armenian Dzhulfa, TransCaucasia by MOROZOVA (in R. & S., 1965).
Although the zoarial form ot the present
specimen differs from the holotype, thepresent form is apparently identical with
Cyclotrypa ogbinensis in all other essential
characters. As pointed out by MOROZOVA
the present species is apparently represented the remains of reproductive
organs which is extremely rarely foundin representatives of the fistuliporids,
such organs are developed also in thepresent specimens as prominently large
zooecial tubes.
Specimen Nos.:- TS-101a, 102, 103.
Table 1. Measurements of Cyciotrypa
ogbinensis MOROZO\'A (in mm).
Specimen No.

TS-101a, TS-102
TS-103

Zoarial form
Thickest part of zoarium
Diameter of zooecium
No. of apertures in
2 mm. diagonal
No. of diaphragms in
1mm.
No. of vesicles in 1 mm
longitudinal
No. of vesicles in 1 mmhorizontal

encrusting
4.0-5.0
O. 2~JO-O. 340
3.5-4
2-3
9-12

5-6

Fistulipora sp. ct. F. monticulosa
NIKIFOROVA
Plate 42, Figs. 3, 4.

Compared:1933. Fistulipora monticuiosa NIKIFOROVA, p.
10, 11; 34, 35, pI. I, figs. 9-15, textfigs. 3, 4.

Zoarial observations:- Form of zoarium
unknown owing to only one tangential
section of fragmentary specimen.
Tangential section :-Zooecial tube subcircular to rounded triform, the inside
longitudinal diameter excluding lunarium
ranging from 0.330 to 0.450 mm in outerzone and transverse diameter from 0.350
to 0.400 mm in outer zone and 0.25 to0.320 mm in the inner. Usually 4 zooecia
per 2 mm diagonally.
Lunarium welldeveloped and horse-shoe shaped, occupying about one half to one third of zooecial
circumference, its thickest part is ranging
from 0.030 to 0.050 mm, and the bothends of lunarium projected into zooecial
tube in the outer zone. Interval between
the both ends of lunarium about 0.200
mm. Vesicular tissue relatively fine andirregularly polygonal. Eight to ten vesicles per mm. horizontally.
R emarl? s :-Owing to only one fragmentary tangential section at hand, the detailed observation and comparison could
not be made. However, the characteristics in the tangential section, the present
form agrees Fistulipora monticu/osa which
was originally described from the D juJfa(=Dzhulfa) region by NIKIFOROVA (1933),
especially in the sizes and forms ofzooecium and lunarium in the tangential
section.
Later, MOROZOVA (in R. & S., 1965)
reported this species from the Gnishik
horizon of Armenian Dzhulfa, TransCaucasia without description and illustration.
Specimen iVo.:- TS-101b.

665.
Table 2.

Permian Bryozoa f1'om Northern Part of Sainbeyli

M"asurem~nts

of FistuliporJ sp. d. F. manticulosa NIKIFOROV A (in mm).

Specimen No.

TS-I0lb

Zoarial form
Diameter of zooecium (a-a) in outer region
in inner region

Diameter of zooecium (b-b) in outer region
Thickness of lunarium
No. of apertures in 2 mm diagonal
No. of vesicles in 1 mm horizontal

Pseudobatostomella decQ1'a MOROZOVA
Plate 42, Figs. G, 7.

1970. Pseudobatostomella decora MOROZO\'A, p.
124, 125, pI. XIX, fig. 4; pI. XX, fig. I.

Zoarial observations:- A single fragmentary longitudinal section but thetangential in part was examined. Zoarium
consisting of smallc ylindrical stem, andits diameter about 1.1 mm. The diameterof immature zone about 0.12 mm. Thickness of mature zone about 0.40 mm.
Longitudinal section:- Zooecial tubes
trend nearly parallel to longitudinal direction of zoarium in short distance, but
curve gradually outward with outer surface of zoarium at an angle of about
90
Thin zooecial wall in immature
region relatively short but gradually
thickened to mature region. Thick walledpart of tube relatively long, consisting offine fibrous tissue without monilae.
Diaphragms very thin, slightly concave,usually 2 to 3 in mature region of a tube.
Tangential section :-Zooecial tube circular or oval in mature region but withirregular margin near surface. Zooecial
diameters, one measured along horizontal
direction 0.100 mm average, ranging from
0.080 to 0.130 mm, and another measured
along longitudinal direction 0.120mm in an
average, ranging from 0.100 to 0.150 mm
on 8 measurements. Zooecial apertures
0

•

401

unknown
0.350-0.400
0.250-0.320
0.330-0.450
0.030-0.050
occasionally 0.070
ca. 4
8-10

arranged longitudinally but not so irregularly, about 8 per 2 mm of longitudinal
direction. Mesoecia present but not somany, usually oval or subcircular, theirdiameter ranging from 0.020 to 0.050 mm.
There are about 25 zooecia and 7 to 8
mesoecia in a field of one sq. mm. Many
prominent acanthoecia having very small
pores and surrounded by dark concentric
fibrous tissue, relatively uniform in size,
ranging from 0.020 to 0.030 mm in outer
diameter, there are about 320 acanthoecia
in one sq. mm.
R emarlls:- The present form agrees
Pseudobatostomella decQ1'a which MOROZOVA (in R. & S., 1965) described from
Table 3. Measurements of Pseudobatostomellade cora MOROZOV A (in mm).
Specimen No.

TS-I0lc

Orientation of section
Diameter of zoarium
Diameter of immaturezone
Thickness of mature zone
Diameter of zooecium(shorter)
Diameter of zooecium(longer)
Diameter of mesoecium
Diameter of acanthoecium(outer)No. of zooecia 2 mm
longitudinal

Long.
1.1
0.20?
0.40?
0.080-0.130
0.100-0.150
0.020-0.050
0.020-0.030
ca. 8

Snmio SAKAGAMI

402

the Upper Permian Kazanian Stage ofseveral localities in Russian Platform inall of the essential characters. The
characteristics of the present species are
in having very small zoarial diameter andmany prominent acanthoecia.
SPecimen No.:- TS-101c.

Araxopora araxensis (NIKIFOROVA)
Plate 42, Figs. 8-11.
1933. Baloslomella spilligcra var. ar:LXensis
NIKIFORAVA, p. 18,14; 36, pI. IV, figs.
1-4.
1938. Slenodiscus granuiaris YA:-iG, p. 124, 123;
133, 13-1, pI. II, figs. 2-8.
1965. Araxopora araxensis MOROZOV A (inRUZfIENTSEV and SARYCHEVA), p. 186,
187, pl. XXV, figs. 4, 3, pI. XXVI, fig.
3, text.fig. 20.

Zoarial observations:- Typical longitu.
dinal, tangential and transverse sections
which were made out of a zoarium, andone oblique section were also examined.
zoarium consisting of straight, cylindricalstem, 3.0 to nearly about 5.0 mm in dia·meter.
Longitudinal section :-Zooecial tubes
run nearly straight but slightly bend out·
ward and trend parallel to longitudinal
direction of zoarium in inner part, rapidly
bend at the inner edges of the mature
region, and go straight throughout mature
region reaching the surface at an angleof about 90°. Length of zooecial tube of
mature region rather short, varies from0.50 to 0.75 mm. Zooecial wall very thinin immature region but becoming thick
rapidly and distinctly and consisting of
dark, coarse, laminated fibrous tissue inmature region. Diaphragm complete,
thicker than that of immature wall, dis·posed at outer edge of immature tube
and one or two in mature tube. Also in
immature tube, very thin diaphragm may

be rarely present. Diaphragms in mesoecia
may be present but indistinct in manycases.
Tangential section :-Zooecial tube poly.
gonal with sharp edges in immature reogion, elongated oval in mature region,but irregular in the nearest part to sur·face. Zooecial diameters at the middle
level of mature tube, one measured alonghorizontal (shorter) direction 0.126 mm
in an average, ranging from 0.090 to
0.150 mm, and another measured along
longitudinal (longer) direction 0.232 mm
in an average, ranging from 0.180 to
0.310 mm for 50 measurements. Zooecial
apertuers arranged longitudinally but not
so regularly, about 5 to 6 per 2 mm oflongitudinal direction. Mesoecia irregu.
larly arranged, circular to elongatedoval but occasionally irregular in shape,
variable in size, their diameter 0.062 mm
in an average, ranging from 0.040 to
0.080 mm for 50 measurements. Usually
12 to 15 zooecial apertures and 10 to 14
mesoecia in a field of one sq. mm.
present,
about
Acanthoecia rarely
0.010 mm in diameter.
Transverse section :-In immature reogion, zooecial tubes show honeycomb likestructure, but obliterated in many cases.
The characters in mature region are thesame with that in the longitudinal section.
Remarks:- The present species was
originally described from the •. Upper
Paleozoic" of the D julfa (Dzhulfa) region,
Armenia by NIKIFOROVA (1933) as avariety of Batosotmella spinigera. MORO·ZOVA (in R. & S., 1965), however, placedthat variety as the type species of her
newly established genus Araxopora, andshe found that the present species
occurred from the Gnishik and Khachik
horizons of Armenian Dzhulfa, Trans.
Caucasia.
The present form is identical with
Araxopora araxensis in all of the essential

665.

Permian Bryozoa from Northern Part of Sainbeyli

Table 4.

Measurements of Araxopora
araxensis (NIKIFORovA)(in mm).
Specimen No.

Orientation of section
Diameter of zoarium
Diameter of immaturezone
Thickness of maturezone
Diameter of zooecium(shorter)
Diameter of zooecium(longer)
Diameter of mesoecium(shorter)I

TS-201, TS-202,
TS-203
L, Tr, T
3.0-5.0
2.1-3.8
0.50-0.75
0.090-0.150
0.180-0.310
0.040-0.080

characters. According to MOROZOVA,
Stenodiscus granularis from the Maokou
limestone at Tzuchuya of Peichuan County, Szechuan Province, China by YANG
(1958) should be included in A. araxensis.
Further, MOROZOVA stated that "theacanthopores lose their usual shape, become elongated in cross section, bent orvermiform, their axial canal is expanded
by hypertrophy and consists of a widely
diaphragmed space, surrounded by a thinouter wall" (by the translation to English
language by D. A. BROWN in 1968). In
the present description, however, all of
the kenozooecia except for distinct
acanthoecia are mentioned as mesoecia.
The present species differs from
Araxopora malayensis SAKAGAMI (1973)
which was described from the limestone(probably the uppermost Guadalupian) at
lenka Pass of Central Malay in its
smaller zoarial diameter and shorter
zooecial tube in mature zone and in somecharacteristics such as the sizes andforms of zooecia, mesoecia and acanthoecia.
Specimen Nos. :-TS-201, 202, 203.
Polypora tubulosa NIKIFOROVA

403

Plate 42, fig. 5.
1933. Polypora tubulosa NIKIFORo\' A, p. 15
20-22; 37, 38, pI. III, figs. 1-6, pI. IV,

figs. 1-3.

Zoarium expanded laterally, may be
about 11 cm long and 9cm wide, but mostpart is covered by dark gray muddy
limestone and only a part of zoarium canbe observed as the exposed specimen. A
typical tangential section was made fromthe rock sample for detailed examination.
Straight branches connected by dissepiments at regular intervals: 1.14 mm average, ranging from 1.00 to 1.25 mm
measured from center to center of dissepiments (25 measurements). Bifurcationof branch not frequent. Width of branch
wider than that of fenestrule, ranging
from 0.375 to 0.750 mm, after bifurcation
0.375 to 0.500 mm. before bifurcation
0.500 to 0.750 mm, and usually 11 to 12.
occasionally 15 per 10 mm horizontally.
Interval between branches 0.90 mm in an
average, ranging from 0.70 to 1.18 mm
measured from center to center ofbranches (25 measurements). Fenestrule
elongated elliptical in outline, width 0.353
mm in an average, ranging from 0.275 to0.500 mm; length 0.781 mm average, ranging from 0.625 to 0.900 mm (20 measurements), 9 per 10 mm length of branch.
Dissepiment narrower than that ofbranch, width usually 0.375mm, occasionally reaching 0.500mm. Zooecial tubes arranged uaually 4 to 5 intersecting longitudinal rows, but 3 rows in short distance after bifurcation and 6 rows at
just before bifurcation. In the tangential
section, zooecial tubes rhomboidal orhexagonal but occasionally irregularly
polygonal at lower and middle levels of
branch, and circular near surface, ranging
from 0.100 to 0.120 mm in diameter.
Zooecial apertures usually 18 per 5 mm
length of one row, unstabilized in position

404

Sumio SAKAGAMI

of aperture in relation to dissepiment.
but usually 4 to 5 apertures per fenestrule. Interval between zooecial aperturesin longitudinal series from center tocenter ranging from 0.250 to 0.280 mm.
Nodes about 0.005 mm in diameter, may
be disposed at each intersection of zooecial apertures but indistinct. Interzooecial materials consisting of dark,very fine fibrous tissue with closely arTable 5.

ranged fine granules. Stereom covering
the reverse side consisting of innertissue with usually 3 to 5 prominentcapillary canals on which many capillaries
arranged longitudinally, and outer thick,dark, fine fibrous tissue with very finegranules.
Remarks:-Except for the zoarial form,
all of the characters and measurements
are quite similar to those of Polyp ora

Measurements of Polypora tublliosa NIKIFOROYA (in mm).
Specimen No.

No. of branches per 10 mm horizontally
No. of fenestrules per 10 mm length
No. of zooecia per 5 mm length
No. of rows of zooecia
No. of zooecia per fenestrule
Width of branch (normal)
Width of fenestrule
Length of fenestrule
Interval between branches (center to c.)
Interval between dissepiments (center to c.)vYidth of dissepiment
Diameter of zooecia near surface
Distance between zooecia (center to c.)
Diameter of node

TS-204
11-12
9
18
3-6
(usually 4-5)
4-5
0.375-0.750
0.275-0.500
0.625-0.900
0.700-1.180
1. 000-1. 250
usually 0.375
0.100-0.120
0.250-0.280
ca. 0.050

Explanation of Plate 42
Figs. 1, 2. Cyclotrypa ogbinensis MORozovA
1, longitudinal section, x 20, No. TS-I02; 2, tangential section, x 20, No. TS-I03.
Figs. 3, 4. Fistulipora sp. cf. F. monticulosa NIKIFOROVA
3, tangential section, x 20, No. TS-I0lb; 4, enlarged part of the same specimen, showing
a zooecial tube with well developed lunarium, x 60.
Fig. 5. Polypora tllbulosa NIKIFOROVA
Tangential section, X 20, No. TS-204.
Figs. 6, 7. Pseudobatostomella decora MORozovA
6, longitudinal section and tangential section in part, X 20, TS-I0lc; 7, enlarged tangential
part of Fig. 6, showing the arrangements of zooecia, mesoecia and acanthoecia, x 60.
Figs. 8-11. Araxopora araxensis (NIKIFOROVA)
8, a part of obliquely transverse section, x 20, TS-202; 9, typical longitudinal section,
the immature region has been obliterated, x 20, TS-201; 10, tangential section near surface, x 20, TS-203; 11, enlarged part of tangential section near surface, x 60, TS-203.

SAKAGAMI:

Permian Bryozoa from Turkey

Plate 42

665.

Permian Bryozoa from Northern Part of Sainbeyli

tllblliosa which was originally describedfrom Djulfa (=Dzhulfa) of Armenia by
NIKIFOROVA (1933).
Although NIKIFOROVA stated that oneof the distinctive characters of thisspecies is the tubular shape of its zoa·
rium, I am of the opinion that the dif·ference of the zoarial forms in the fene·
stellid bryozoans is not so important for
specific identification. On the other hand,
it is considered that the existence of thevery prominent capillary canals is more
important characteristic.
The present species was reported by
MOROZOVA (in R. & S., 1965) without
description from the Gnishik horizon ofArmenian Dzhulfa, Trans·Caucasia.
Specimen No.:- TS-204.
Repository:-All of the specimens
treated in the present paper are preservedin the collection of the Department of
Geology, Faculty of Education, Ehime
University, Matsuyama.

405

References
MOROZOVA, 1. P. (1970):
Upper Permian
Bryozoa. Trudy Paleont. Inst., Akad.
Nauk USSR., tom 122, p. 1-347, pis. ILXIV. (in Russian)
NIKIFOROVA, A.1. (1933): Upper Paleozoic
Bryozoa from the Djulfa region· Trans.
United Ceol. Prospect. Servo USSR, Fasc.
364, p. 1-44, pis. 1-6.
RuzHE~TsEv, V.E. and SARYCHEVA, T.G.
(ed.) (1965):
The development andchange of marine organisms at the
Palaeozoic·Mesozoic boundary.
Trudy
Paleont. Inst., Akad. Nayk USSR, tom 108,
p. 1-431, pis. I-LVIII. (in Russian) (Thismonograph has been translated by Prof.
D. A. BROWN: Ceol. Dept., Australian Nat.
Univ., Publ. no. 117, 1968)
S_-\IC-\GA~lJ, S. (1973): Some Permian Bryozoa
from Pahang, Malaya. Contr. Geo!.
Palaeont. SE. Asia, CXVII. Ceol. Palaeont.
SE. Asia, vol. XII, p. 63-73, pis. VII-IX.
YANG, K. C. (1958): Stenoporidae from Upper
Palaeozoic of China. Acta Palaeont. Sinica,
vol. 6, no. 2, p. 122-139, pis. I-V.

406

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICALSOCIETY OF JAPAN

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Pakistan ...................... Y. OKIMURA~.*~~m.W~$Ulry~~~*O)~.tt

iffL!RW ............... 'lX*~H-' ± f,iMiddle Silurian Rugosa from the Kitakami
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Cenomanian bivalves from the Mifune
Group, Japan ................ M. TAl\IURA*~~=*£ Acesta (Plicacesta) 1:''0\''-C ..

· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1lftl*;fO~. <=J:1!!1fJ'Cu.t%v:.JU11'!{t::fiW;!:Rv:.'0\"-C (-t0) 2) .......................... 'J-:i'l:IllCil.ImH[l*~7;t -7,/l'pW *~ ~BL.ljf lJ' G Amussiopecten

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Prefecture, Japan (~W'C) ........ H. l\ODA
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The shell structure of Archaeogastropoda
of Japan .................. _.S. SHIMOYAl\IA/, ~ f Y Jt1l:'1:O) B J1l1J~:ICU llt-t~mO)~# ..

.................................. ,}ilil.rG=f
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.................. T. KIMURA & S. SEKIDO
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Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan

New Series No. 103

Oct. 15, 1976

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
663.

KIMURA, Tatsuaki and SEKIDO, Shinji: Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa
Formation (Upper Neocomian), the Ito shiro Group, Central Honshu,
Japan ..... . .. . .. .. . . ..... .. .. . . . .... .... . . .. . ................... . .. . . 343

664.

KOMURA, Seiichi: Sawamuraia, Katahiraia und Y oshidaia, drei neue Diatomgattungen aus dem Neogen Japans ............................. .. . 379

665. SAKAGAMI, Sumio: On the Permian Bryozoa from the northern part of
Sainbeyli, Central Turkey ............ ... . . ... . ....................... 398
PROCEEDINGS ..... . ... ..... .. . . ... ................. .... . . . ...... .. ........ . . . 406