STXM Users Meeting
Date: June 4, 2012
Place: Conference Room C, Okazaki Conference Center, Okazaki, Japan

June 4th (Mon)<Session 1: Reports of UVSOR Facility, Chair: A. Ito>
13:30-13:35
M. Katoh (UVSOR)
Introduction from director
13:35-13:50
T. Ohigashi
Current status of BL4U beamline
13:50-14:00
H. Arai (UVSOR)
Introduction of STXMs of oversea synchrotron radiation facilities
14:00-14:10
M. Adachi (IMS)
Current status of UVSOR-III
14:10-14:20
N. Kosugi (IMS)
Collaboration programs of IMS
14:20-14:45

Coffee Break<Session 2, Chair: T. Ohigashi>
14:45-15:00 A. Ito (Tokai Univ.)
Soft X-ray spectro-microscopy of biological samples
15:00-15:15
T. Araki (TOYOTA Central R&D Lab.)(Untitiled)
15:15-15:30 H. Yabuta (Osaka Univ.)
Innovative researches by STXM; outer space, the earth and life
15:30-15:45 J. Usukura (Nagoya Univ.)
Spatial structure of actin cytoskeletons revealed by various imaging methods
15:45-16:00
N. Iwata (Ricoh)
Imaging of organic materials by using STXM
16:00-16:15
Y. Ishii (Nagoya Institute Tech.)
Development of functional materials based on nano-carbon
16:15-16:30
A. Matsuura (Fujita Health Univ.)
Early diagnosis of pediatric patients with Wilson disease by synchrotron copper imaging
16:30-16:45 K. Shinohara (Waseda Univ.)
Observation of living cells by a contact microscope with laser-produced plasma X-rays
16:45-17:00

Coffee Break<Session 3, Chair: T. Araki>
17:00-17:15 K. Ono (KEK)
Observation of the magnetic domains of NdFeB magnet
17:15-17:30 Y. Takeichi (KEK)
Summary of the STXM project at PF
17:30-17:45
N. Inami (KEK)
Development of the real-time control and the measurement system for the STXM
17:45-18:00
Y. Yamamoto (Nagoya Institute Tech.)
Action mechanism of anesthetic molecules by interfacial chemical approach
18:00-18:15 T. Tominaga (JSR)
Structural analysis of JSR polymer materials by using synchrotron radiations
18:15-18:30 H. Kihara (Ritsumeikan Univ.)
Current status of the full-field imaging microscope at Ritsumeikan Univ. and expectation
for new STXM
18:30-18:45 R. Mizutani (Tokai Univ.)
Three-dimensional structural analysis of brain tissue by microtomography153

18:45-19:30
19:40-21:00

T. Ohigashi (UVSOR)
Discussions
Banquet154

UVSOR Workshop on Novel Development for Low-Energy Photoemission
Spectroscopy at UVSOR-III
Date: June 21-22, 2012
Place: Seminar room (#201) of main building, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Japan

June 21th (Thu)
13:00-13:30

Registration<Session 1, Chair: K. Soda>
13:30-13:40
M. Matsunami (UVSOR)
Opening remarks
13:40-14:00
M. Adachi (UVSOR)
Present status of UVSOR-III
14:00-14:25
K. Tsuchiya (KEK-PF)
Design of variably polarized undulator
14:25-14:45
T. Ito (Nagoya Univ.)
3D-ARPES for strongly correlated quasi-2D system GdTe2
14:45-15:05
H. Miyazaki (Nagoya Institute Tech.)Electronic structure of rare-earth oxide thin films studied by 3D-ARPES
15:05-15:30
T. Hirahara (Univ. Tokyo)
Spin-polarized surface electronic states of non-magnetic ultrathin films
15:30-15:55
T. Ujihara (Nagoya Univ.)
Effect of minibands and periodic modulations in semiconductor superlattice
structures
15:55-16:25

Coffee break<Session 2, Chair: M. Matsunami>
16:25-16:50
S. Tanaka (Osaka Univ.)
Low-energy ARPES of HOPG
16:50-17:15
T. Takeuchi (Nagoya Univ.)
High-resolution photoemission spectroscopy for thermoelectric-material development
17:15-17:40
K. Ishizaka (Univ. Tokyo)
Spin-orbit interaction studied by low-energy ARPES
17:40-18:05
R. Yoshida (ISSP)
Hidden-order transition in URu2Si2 studied by ultrahigh-resolution ARPES
18:05-18:30
K. Shimada (HiSOR)
Development and perspective for precise analyses of the electronic structure in solids
by low-energy synchrotron radiation ARPES
18:30-19:00
19:00-21:00

Facility tour
BanquetJune 22th (Fri)<Session 3, Chair: S. Kimura>
09:00-09:30
G. Zhang (NSRL)
Introduction of the ARPES facility and the upgrade program of Hefei Light Source
09:30-09:50
H. J. Im (Hirosaki Univ.)
Low-energy excitation in A-site ordered perovskite CaCu3Ti4O12 studied byhQ
Q-dependent㩷 ARPES
09:50-10:15
K. Nakayama (Tohoku Univ.)
High-resolution ARPES study of superconducting gap symmetry in Fe-based
superconductors

155

10:15-10:40

S. Kera (Chiba Univ.)
Photoemission spectroscopy for organic semiconductor films: electron-phonon
coupling and band gap states

10:40-11:10

Coffee break<Session 4, Chair: T. Ito>
11:10-11:35
H. Kumigashira (KEK-PF)
In-situ synchrotron-radiation photoemission study for surface and interface instrongly correlated oxide heterostructures
11:35-12:00
M. Fujisawa (ISSP)
Design of low-photon energy VLS-PGM of BL5U
12:00-12:20
S. Kimura (UVSOR)
Discussion
12:20-12:30
Closing remarks

156

UVSOR workshop “Perspectives of the beamline for organic solids at
UVSOR”
Date: Sep 25-26, 2012
Place: Seminar room (#304) of UVSOR building, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, JapanSep 25th (Tue)
13:30-13:40

Opening Remarks<Session 1, Chair: S. Kera>
13:40-14:05
M. Adachi (UVSOR)
Present status of UVSOR-III
14:05-14:35
H. Ishii (Chiba Univ.)
Research of interfacial electronic structures of organic semiconductors by electron
spectroscopy
14:35-15:00
Y. Nakayama (Chiba Univ.)
Valence band structure of organic single crystals challenged by synchrotron radiation
photoelectron spectroscopy
15:00-15:25
S. Tanaka (Shimane Univ.)
Photoelectron spectroscopy of organic thin films under light irradiation
15:25-15:55

Coffee break<Session 2, Chair: K. K. Okudaira>
15:55-16:20
I. Yamamoto (Saga Univ.)
Researches on electronic structure of organic thin films at Saga University beamline
BL13 in SAGA-LS
16:20-16:50
T. Hosokai (Iwate Univ.)
A systematic study of correlation between org/metal interface electronic structure andbonding distance by using X-ray standing waves technique and angle resolved
photoemission spectroscopy
16:50-17:20
H. Yoshida (Kyoto Univ., PRESTO)
Depth resolved electronic structure of organic solids with angle resolved X-ray
photoemission spectroscopy and multivariate analysis
17:20-17:50
T. Sakurai (Univ. of Tsukuba, PRESTO)
Investigation of properties at electrode interfaces in organic solar cells usingsynchrotron-based analytical techniques
17:50-18:30
18:30-Break
BanquetSep 26th (Wed)<Session 3, Chair: H. Ishii>
9:00-9:30
D. Yoshimura (SAGA Light Source)
Memories of UVSOR BL8B2 and outline of the soft X-ray beamlines at SAGA-LS
9:30-10:00
K. Mase (Photon Factory)
Present status and prospects of a high-brilliance VUV/SX beamline BL-13A in PF;
expectations for the beamline dedicated for organic solids in UVSOR
10:00-10:30
H. Yamane (UVSOR)
Present status of high-resolution ARPES system at BL6U for various solids andsurfaces
10:30-11:00
T. Ito (Nagoya Univ.)
VUV Angle-Resolved Photoemission Study of Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic
Conductors
11:00-11:25
K. Shimada (HiSOR)
Studies of surface electronic structures of organic materials at HiSOR

157

11:25-13:00

Lunch Break<Session 4, Chair: S. Tanaka>
13:00-13:30
K. Kanai (Tokyo Univ. of Science)
Electronic structure of various organic materials probed by synchrotron radiation
13:30-14:00
T. Miyazaki (Ehime Univ.)
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Endohedral Metallofullerenes
14:00-14:25
K. Okudaira (Chiba Univ.)
Evaluation of molecular orientation by ARUPS
14:25-14:55
S. Kera (Chiba Univ.)
Photoelectron angular distribution from valence band of organic thin films:
Reconstruction view of molecular orbitals
14:55-15:20
15:20-

Discussion: Perspectives at BL2B
Closing Remarks

158

UVSOR Symposium 2012
Date: Nov 10-11, 2012
Place: Okazaki Conference Center, Okazaki, Japan

Nov 10th (Sat)<Session 1, Chair: M. Katoh>13:00-13:15
M. Katoh (UVSOR)
Opening remarks
13:15-13:30
N. Kosugi (IMS)
Evaluation of UVSOR and perspective of IMS
13:30-13:50
M. Adachi (UVSOR)
Present status of UVSOR-III
13:50-14:20
T. Ohigashi (UVSOR)
Perspective for applicative observations by using a scanning transmission X-ray
microscopy
14:20-14:40
A. Ito (Tokai Univ.)
Biomedical application of soft X-ray scanning microscope
14:40-15:00

Coffee Break<Session 2, Chair: M. Matsunami>
15:00-15:20
T. Hirahara (Univ. Tokyo)
Electronic structure of ultrathin Bi films: influence of the substrate and its implication
on topological properties
15:20-15:40
T. Hajiri (Nagoya Univ.)
Polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on LiFeAs
15:40-16:00
S. Tanaka (Osaka Univ.)
Direct observation of the electron-phonon scattering by using angle-resolved
photoelectron spectroscopy
16:00-16:20
S. Kera (Chiba Univ.)-conjugated molecules adsorbed on metal
16:20-16:40

Coffee Break<Session 3, Chair: E. Shigemasa>
16:40-17:00
Y. Takagi (IMS)The X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurement at BL4B
17:00-17:20
M. Nagasaka (IMS)
Local structures of methanol-water binary liquid studied by soft X-ray absorption
spectroscopy
17:20-17:40
H. Iwayama (UVSOR)
Dissociation pathways of inner-shell ionized C4H5F3O2 molecules studied by anauger-electron-ion coincidence method<Poster Session and Banquet, 18:00-21:00>
P01
K. Eguchi (IMS)
XAS/XMCD measurement of vanadyl pthalocyanine films on Si(111)P02
T. Tajiri (Hyogo Univ.)
Development of novel nozzle for molecule spectroscopy by ultrasonic atomization method
P03
K. Soda (Nagoya Univ.)
Electronic structure of pyrite-type Ni1-xCuxS2 (I): CuS2
P04
Y. Liu (Chiba Univ.)
Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of transition-metal
phthalocyanines thin films on graphite
P05
M. Sawa (Niigata Univ.)
Development of a high-resolution magnetic bottle electron spectrometer

159

P06
P07
P08
P09
P10
P11
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17

P18
P19
P20
P21
P22
P23
P24
P25

P26
P27

P28

P29
P30

Y. Konosu (Niigata Univ.)
Multi-electron spectroscopy of condensed water molecules
H. Zen (Kyoto Univ.)
Intense and short pulse generation by CHG-FEL utilizing pulse compression
Y. Inaguma (Gakushuin Univ.)
Photoluminescence upon vacuum ultraviolet excitation in M3(PO4)2:Pr3+ (M = Ca, Sr, and Ba)
Y. Uematsu (Nagoya Univ.)
Performance of new optical klystron at UVSOR and application to CHG
Y. Hida (Nagoya Univ.)
Study of pulsed sextupole magnet system for beam injection at UVSOR
M. Sato (Tohoku Univ.)
Local structure analysis of zeolite synthesized from blast furnace slag
Y. Nakamura (Fukui Univ.)
Development of spectroscopic ellipsometry for UV-VUV region
T. Toyoda (Fukui Univ.)
A Study of visible photoluminescence in boron-doped diamond thin films
D. Itoh (Fukui Univ.)
Band structure of CNx
K. Fujita (Fukui Univ.)
Ultra-violet photoluminescence spectra from AlGdN by core excitation
K. Hayashi (Gifu Univ.)
Characterization of photoinduced phenomena in amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors
T. Niwa (Nagoya Univ.)
Development of an electron beam bunch length measurement system for the transmission-type
polarized electron source
M. Kaneko (Nagoya Univ.)
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of Sm1-xYxS
Y. Inaba (Waseda Univ.)
XANES analysis of electronic structure of Mn in La 1-xAx(A=Ca, Ba)
Y. Shingaki (Waseda Univ.)
Local environment analysis of dilute rare earth elements in phosphor materials
H. Miyazaki (Nagoya Institute Tech.)Electronic structure of half-Heusler type ZrNiSn alloy
H. Miyazaki (Nagoya Institute Tech.)Electronic structure of K-doped EuO ultrathin films
K. Yoshida (Kyoto Univ.)
Analysis of the electric status of ZnO treated by microwave
S. Kimura (UVSOR)
IR micro-spectroscopic imaging using SR from UVSOR-III
H. Katayanagi (IMS)
Photodissociation dynamics of fullerenes by velocity map imaging with improved mass
resolution
Y. Takagi (IMS)
Magnetic property of iron phthalocyanine on the metallic substrates
H. Yamane (IMS)
Weak intermolecular interaction of organic crystalline films revealed by high-precision
valence-band dispersion measurement
H. Arai (UVSOR)
Development to solutions in the scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy at BL4U of
UVSOR
T. Shimada (Nagoya Univ.)
High-resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy of FeSb2
Y. Imoto (Fukui Univ.)
Current status of the VUV beamline BL3B (HOTRLU)

Nov 11th (Sun)<Session 3, Chair: S. Kimura>
9:00-9:30
M. Kitaura (Yamagata Univ.)160

9:30-9:50
9:50-10:10

10:10-10:30
10:30-10:50

10:50-11:20

Formation and relaxation of photo-excited states of localized electron systems induced
by excitation with vacuum ultraviolet photons
T. Nakazato (Osaka Univ.)
Temperature dependence of rare-earth doped APLF glass photoluminescence
R. Ishikawa (NAOJ)
Development of chromospheric Lyman-alpha spectro-polarimeter (CLASP) with
BL7B
K. Fukui (Fukui Univ.)
Current status of the VUV beamline BL3B (HOTRLU)
K. Nakagawa (Kobe Univ.)
Toward a complete measurement of wide-range-absorption spectra of 20 proteinamino acids, 5 nuclear bases and 3 dipeptides
Coffee Break<Session 5, Chair: T. Ito>
11:20-11:50
M. Kamada (Saga Univ.)
Personal review of UVSOR-I generation
11:50K. Soda (Nagoya Univ.)
Discussion and closing remarks

161

Appendix

Review of Beamlines and Science at UVSOR
1. Overview

future upgrade of UVSOR. At the same time there
appear to be too many challenging initiatives underway – free electron laser development, coherent THz
systems, fs slicing, and laser Compton gamma ray
generation. It was not clear which of these hadpriority or which had a potential or actual user
community. The latter should be an importantprinciple in guiding priorities for further investment
and development in this area.
It was noted that some beamlines have challenges
with operation in the current top-up mode. The
fraction of the time devoted to top-up injection, andthus perturbation of the storage ring is 20% (12seconds each minute), due to rather short lifetime ofthe electron beam just after the upgrade to
UVSOR-III. The present 12 seconds (12 injections)
per minute seem long relative to those at other SR
facilities. The number of top-up injections will
decrease as the electron beam lifetime and theinjection efficiency improve as in UVSOR-II. Efforts
should be made to improve the top-up injection
procedure, as soon as possible, not only to reduce thefraction of the time, but also to reduce any
perturbations of the beam position or size associatedwith the top-up. This is particularly important forbrightness dependent experiments such as STXM.

I was asked by the Director General to review thepresent status and future directions of science using
UVSOR from the perspectives of• international activities• application to molecular science• in-house contributions and challenges in thearea of molecular science
My comments are based on the recent (2010, 2011)
annual reports and a series of nine one-hour sessions
with UVSOR researchers and UVSOR users fromother departments in IMS and other institutions. I
thank all the presenters for the careful work they put
into their presentations, which allowed me
considerable insight into the present status and future
directions. I was particularly struck by the relative
youth and enthusiasm of many of the presenterswhich speaks well for the vitality of UVSOR andIMS.
Here I make selected comments on eachpresentation / area of research / status of the
instrumentation. After that I make some generalobservations on how these current activities position
UVSOR relative to other facilities with strong
research programs in molecular science, and where I
think there are opportunities for improving
international participation and enhancing therelevance of UVSOR research to the overall missionof IMS, which I take to be primarily fundamental
research into systems and phenomena where theperspective of the molecular unit is a strongorganizing principle.

2.

2.2 Spectroscopy of liquid systems (BL3U:
Masanari NAGASAKA, KOSUGI Group, IMS)
The liquid spectroscopy instrumentation developed
at UVSOR is better than versions I have seen at the
ALS and CLS. This is a very rapidly developing areaof SR science with tremendous potential for both
fundamental and applied studies. The cluster
apparatus on BL3U is also an outstanding piece ofequipment. Together with the gas, liquid and solid
spectroscopy capabilities at BL3U and other UVSOR
beamlines, the ensemble is ideally suited forsystematic studies of the evolution of structure(electronic, magnetic and geometric) from isolated
molecules/atoms, to the solid state. The session oncluster and liquid spectroscopy at the recent
ICESS-12 meeting (St. Malo, France, Sep 2012) was
one of the best of that conference in my opinion.
The plans that Nagasaka outlined to extend themethods to in situ electrochemistry, liquid-solidinterfaces; solid-gas interface and in situ chemicaland photochemical reactions are very exciting andwill be some of the outstanding research fromUVSOR in the next few years. This area should be
supported fully. There is also very strong synergy
between these spectroscopy studies and science withsimilar goals but with lateral spatial resolution, thatwill be performed on the BL4U STXM, which should

Comments on researches

2.1 Facility and light source research (Masahiro
KATOH, Director, UVSOR)
The synchrotron source, after updating to
UVSOR-III in early 2012 (this year!), is a very
competitive facility relative to all other sub-1GeV SR
sources. The most recent upgrade has significantly
reduced the emittance and has freed up space for
additional insertion devices (total 6). This has
provided an opportunity for adding a new, very
competitive beamline for science (BL4U, STXM), a
number of other beamline and end-station upgrades,
and conversion of BL1U into a very versatile
platform for advanced light source generation
experimentation. The latter is an important aspect of asynchrotron facility as it provides ongoing challenges
for the accelerator group, opportunities forcollaboration with other accelerator light source
facilities, and can lead to large improvements in lightsource technology, which may be a platform for a162be operational and open to various classes of users byspring 2013.

and has been adapted for two-dimensional electron
spectroscopic studies in gas phase. Consistent with its
competitive character, there are a number ofoutstanding international collaborators (Lablanquie,
Simon, Piancastelli) using this instrument.
The gas phase examples presented by Shigemasa,
along with those in the 2011 UVSOR annual report
are excellent examples of modern synchrotron based
molecular dynamics and photo-physics science. I
particularly admired the studies of ultrafast
dissociation in C 1s excited CF4 (p 53) and theelectronic Doppler result in S 2p excited OCS (p 56).
BL6U is one of the outstanding examples ofmolecular science research at UVSOR and should
continue to be well supported. Identification ofsuitable collaborators and independent researchers
from the international community should be a target
for increasing the international visibility of themolecular science program at UVSOR.
I note that Shigemasa and his group members are
now using the SACLA X-ray free electron laser foradvanced molecular photophysics studies. This is avery good development for UVSOR. Opportunities ofusing research at UVSOR to complement SACLA
research, possibly resulting in joint publications,should be encouraged.

2.3 VUV, EUV and X-ray absorption andphotoemission spectroscopy of solids and gases(BL2A, BL4B, BL5B, BL6U: Eiji SHIGEMASA,UVSOR)
BL2A (double crystal monochromator) provides
the highest energy photons at UVSOR. Despite being
non-competitive relative to similar BL at other SR
facilities, due to the low critical energy at UVSOR, it
operates well and has a small but steady use by anumber of Japanese research groups, primarily formaterials science using X-ray absorption. It wasnoted that the publication rate was low which may
reflect the non-competitive nature of this beamline.
For a low energy ring like UVSOR a better choice tocover the high energy range would be a grating
monochromator, which, with suitable multilayer
mirror technology, can provide quite highperformance up to 3 - 4 keV.
BL5B features an unusually wide photon energy
range (6-600 eV) and a very large chamber equippedwith a very flexible 6-axis goniometer. It isapparently one of only a few beamlines in Japan thatare capable of characterizing large optical elements ina very flexible way. The research carried out on thisbeamline is primarily of a service character. At otherfacilities (e.g. ALS BL 6.3.2), there are active
research programs in developing coatings andcharacterizing optics for semiconductor EUV
lithography. This could be an area for future research
at BL5B.
BL4B, the first soft X-ray beamline at UVSOR
with high energy resolution, has produced some highquality molecular and materials science in recent
years, based on research by in-house and external
users. The newer BL3U undulator line covers asimilar energy range and is now the preferredbeamline for spectroscopy research in this energy
range. However BL4B still has an active research
program in magnetic materials (see discussion of thepresentation by T. Yokoyama in section 2.7).
BL6U is the most modern and competitive of thebeamlines supervised by Shigemasa. Its variable
angle, variable line spacing PGM monochromator
provides good intensity with outstanding energy
resolution. It was noted that the minimum undulator
gap that can be achieved at present is 13 mm, whereas
the design specified a 10 mm minimum gap. The
reason for this should be identified and repaired if
possible, since there are some photon energies thatcannot be reached due to the out-of-spec minimum
gap. The two end stations for BL6U are eachinternationally competitive. The gas phase Auger
electron photoion coincidence (AEPICO) apparatus isideally suited for studies of molecular photoionization
dynamics with high energy electrons, andcomplements research at other facilities which use theCold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectrometer(ColTRIMS) approach. The MBS-A1 photoemission
end station is also very competitive internationally

2.4 X-ray absorption, X-ray emission and angle
resolved photoemission of solids (BL3U, BL6U:
Hiroyuki YAMANE, KOSUGI Group, IMS)
BL3U is a world class facility for X-ray
absorption, X-ray emission and resonant X-ray
scattering. This has enabled some exceptional
research by UVSOR and outside researchers. The
examples of XAS characterization of organic
conductors and semiconductors for organic LED,
organic electronics, and organic photovoltaic systems
were fascinating. I draw particular attention to inoperando measurements which used the difference of
FY_NEXAFS spectra induced by applied potentials
or currents to characterize the changes in molecular
structure of electronic states (PRL 107 (2011)
147401). This is one of the first in operando soft
X-ray studies of a device material to my knowledge.
It revealed the surprising result that the electronic
structure changes are associated with σ states, rather
than the π states normally believed to be involved in
the conductivity of organic conductors andsemiconductors. These results have important
implications for the field of single molecule
electronic devices, which is a very hot topic andtarget of development at many research facilities
around the world.
The X-ray emission spectrometer has exceptional
performance relative to similar facilities at other SR
centers. The energy resolution is below 100 meV at
140 eV X-ray energy, which is very competitive. The
efficiency of the novel transmission grating
spectrometer is probably the highest in the world forsoft X-ray spectrometers. It has been used forstudies of a number of interesting systems, including

163

DNA polymers (poly(G-C), poly(A-T)) and N-doped
graphene nano flakes (J. Phys. Chem. C 116 (2012)
16251).
The higher performance transmission
grating which is planned for the XES spectrometer
will further improve energy resolution and possibly
efficiency. The future plan to apply XES and RIXS
techniques to in operando studies of moleculardevices is really at the cutting edge of international
SR science with X-ray emission spectroscopy.
An outstanding program of angle-resolved
photoemission from molecular solids and thin films
on BL6U was also described by Dr. Yamane. The
system for these studies is one of the best in the world,
achieving < 5 meV overall energy resolution (photon& electron), ability to cool to 13 K, and a 5-axis
motion system that allows rather complete band
structure studies with the sensitivity needed to track
band dispersion in organic systems which are
typically much smaller than the dispersion insemiconductor and metal systems. The achievementof these technical capabilities in an instrument
constructed at IMS is a tribute to the excellence of theEquipment Development Center which is a real asset
for UVSOR and IMS. The quality of the preparationchamber and its ability to allow for preparation oforganic thin films in a system also used forsemiconductor and other samples was noted. Thereis strong international participation on BL6U. A
number of interesting examples were outlined,
including: band alignment at the interface between
carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a SiC substrate in CNT
rafts prepared surface decomposition of SiC(Maruyama); spin-orbit (Rashba) band splitting in 1-d
Pt nanowires (Yeom); nanoscale phase separation in
DNA Watson-Crick (G-C) multilayer films(Friedlein); and valence band dispersion in metal
phthalocyanines (Yamane). The latter project, a major
effort by Dr. Yamane, showed very fascinating
temperature dependent dynamics results which gave
important insights into intermolecular interactions
and how these can be tuned by adding substituents tothe phthalocyanine or changing the metal. Since themolecular films which are the focus of these studies
are easily damaged by synchrotron radiation, it isessential to be able to prepare very uniform samples
which can then be used to circumvent radiation
damage by scanning the sample to fresh areas during
the measurements. This system is one of the best in
the world for ARPES studies of organic solids.
Dr. Yamane identified a number of improvementsthat could be made to further enhance theperformance of this facility. These include a larger
analyzer (e.g. D80 VG Scienta) to improve
efficiency; a new analysis chamber; and addition ofan O2 dosing system to remove carbon contaminationon the BL6U optics. To the extent these will facilitate
new molecular science, UVSOR / IMS should
seriously consider these requests.
2.5 Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy(BL4U: Takuji, OHIGASHI, UVSOR)
BL4U is a new soft X-ray undulator beamline with164

a dedicated STXM end station. STXM is a relatively
new spectromicroscopy technique which has may
applications in both fundamental and applied science.
The planned science program is very ambitious.
Further development of the instrumentation andtechniques(cryo
spectromicroscopy,
cryo-tomography, ptychography) will require
substantial effort, and should be staged after reliable
basic operation is achieved. The STXM project at
UVSOR will have a significant advantage relative toother STXM facilities, as IMS is able to provide onsite sample preparation (ultramicrotomy, focused ion
beam milling, high end optical microscope withencoders and micromanipulators, etc). BL4U & the
STXM end station are part of the Nanotechnology
Platform Project in Japan. This is very appropriate
and will link the STXM to the on site analyticaltransmission electron microscope (TEM), which is an
excellent complementary research tool. The presenceof scanning Raman and IR microscopes (both lab and
UVSOR based) provide additional complementary
analytical microscopy techniques. Efforts should bemade to facilitate multi-technique studies, forexample, by developing sharable sample mounting
and methods to quickly locate the same spatial
regions of samples in the different microscopes.
2.6 Solid State Science (BL1B, BL5U, BL6B,
BL7U: Shin-ichi KIMURA, UVSOR)BL7U and BL5U, both dedicated to angle resolved
photoemission (ARPES) of surfaces and solids, arethe 1st and 2nd most popular beamlines at UVSOR, as
judged by usage, ratio of allocated to requested shifts,
and numbers of publications in high profile journals.
BL7U is among the very best facilities world wide forcondensed matter electronic structure studies using
low energy photons. Usually researchers turn tobeamlines with higher photon energy (>100 eV) if
they need additional sampling depth to ensure they
are sampling bulk properties. At BL7U very low
outgoing electron energies are used, as these are alsobulk sensitive. The energy resolution of 2 meV(electron and photon combined) is only surpassed bya few other lines in the world. The Apple II insertion
device means that the full polarization properties ofsamples can be explored. A range of outstanding
condensed matter science is taking place on BL7U
including:detailedstudiesof
Fe-basedsuperconductors; exploration of charge density wave
effects at the surface of graphite; investigation oforganic conductors. The ongoing development of
conventional optical focusing techniques for UV lightto achieve sub-micron spot sizes in the 7-9 eV photon
energy could lead to some world-unique capabilities
which would complement higher photon energy
nano-ARPES lines at the ALS (Maestro) and Soleil(Antares). The potential for using such a facility to
study laterally heterogeneous surfaces was illustrated
with a novel system of electronic phase separation
which is suspected to occur in κ-(Et)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br
on the sub-micron spatial scale. BL7U should invite
more international users.

While BL5U is a somewhat older ARPES systemwith lower performance, its higher photon energy
range (up to 200 eV) provides a useful complement toBL7U. Planned modifications to improve theperformance of BL5U were described, including
replacement of the monochromator, which has aresolving power of only 3000, as opposed to the
10,000-50,000 resolving power of BL7U. Although anumber of organic materials are being studied with
BL7U and 5U, the majority of the science is in therealm of condensed matter physics of semiconductors,
metals and correlated electron materials.
BL6B provides light in the IR and THz range.
Kimura outlined some exciting instrumentation
developments, including his magic mirror which
achieves exceptionally large angular collection ofbend magnet IR radiation (only exceeded by the
mirror array system of the IRENI facility at SRC,
Wisconsin), and the recent adoption of a focal planearray detector for far- and mid-IR spectromicroscopy
on BL6B. Interesting science using far-IR (THz) to
study organic materials at high pressure waspresented. However there has been relatively little
molecular science using BL6B despite the extensive
use of synchrotron IR spectroscopy andspectromicroscopy for molecular science at other SR
facilities around the world. Given the activities inorganic electronic materials and biosciences at IMS,
it would seem there is excellent potential to expand
use of BL6B, especially in the mid-IR to visible range
where many non-SR scientists are actively using lab
based IR spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy. I
understand that Assoc. Prof. Furutani (Life andCo-ordination Complex Molecular Science, IMS) isinterested in partly-dedicated use of BL6B for
bioscience applications. The new program to provide
such ‘approved program’ time (outlined by Kimura at
the end of his Friday presentation) seems to be an
excellent opportunity to increase molecular science
activity at the IR microscope on BL6B. There is also
a lot of science which can be advanced using STXM
and IR microscopy in a complementary fashion.
Development of identical or cross-compatible sample
mounting and fiducialization approaches (perhaps
linked through the encoded stages of the optical
microscope at BL4U STXM) could significantly
facilitate that development.
BL1B has capabilities for developing novel
coherent THz and THz-VUV experiments using laser
slicing with amplitude modulated pulse trains. This isvery exciting light source physics with good potential
to achieve new physics. Possible molecular science
applications of the coherent THz source were outlinedin the areas of protein motion and carrier dynamics in
Li ion battery and organic Dirac Fermion materials.
At present the motivation is clearly exploration ofnovel instrumentation / light source capabilities. Its
impact on molecular science is likely to be limited, atleast in the short term.
2.7 Magnetic materials (XAS, XMCD) (BL4B:
Toshihiko YOKOYAMA, IMS)

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The superconducting magnetic spectroscopy
system on BL4B is a competitive facility relative torelated systems internationally. It has among thehighest on-sample magnetic field at SR facilities andhas a good degree of flexibility in sample mounting
relative to the field and photon polarization such that
all aspects of the magnetic properties of samples canbe measured. The facility is part of the
Nanotechnology Platform Project in Japan, for which
funding was recently renewed for a 10 year period.
Professor Yokoyama gave overviews of five specificresearch projects in the surface and thin film
magnetism: magnetic properties of Fe islands andnanowires on W(110);
Co nanorods on
γ’FeN/Cu(001);
Feon
Cu(110)-(2x3)N;
Si3N4/Si(111)-(8x8); VOPc/Si(111). The latter is the
only example with a molecular science flavor. In thiscase, a combination of polarization dependent
NEXAFS and V 2p XMCD was used to determine
the structure and magnetism. Although there was asignificant change in electronic structure and bonding
between monolayer and multilayer VOPc, the V 2p
XMCD magnetic signature was identical indicating
the V 3d character is similar despite the bonding
change. All of the examples presented high quality
data from very challenging low signal systems. Whilesimilar science is being done elsewhere, Professor
Yokoyama noted a major advantage of the UVSOR
operation was the much lower time pressure whichallows for sufficient time to study samples requiring
careful in situ preparation.
2.8 Photoemission of organic solids (BL8B: Satoshi
KERA, Chiba Univ)
BL8B is a public beamline dedicated to ultraviolet
photoemission spectroscopy and ARPES of organic
solids. The presentation gave a strong motivation for
the research of the Chiba group in terms of the needto understand the fundamental principles of molecularassembly in order to control electronic structure andfunctionality of organic materials for electronics
applications. A quantum perspective and the theme ofwavefunction spreading was used to interpret recent
results on: weak band gap states in fullerene thinfilms; conduction mechanism and hole-phonon
coupling as a limit to charge mobility in pentacene
films; band dispersion in rubrene. BL8B is the oldest
beamline at UVSOR. Plans to improve theinstrumentation (replace the current analyzer with amodern 2D angle-energy electron spectrometer) andmove from 8B to 2B were described and motivatedby the need for higher performance to enable use of
UV-ARPES for momentum space orbital mapping oforganic solids. This approach was highlighted by anumber of presentations at the recent ICESS12
meeting and is clearly a trend in international sciencein this area.
2.9a VUV optical properties (BL3B, BL7B:
Shin-ichi KIMURA, UVSOR)
BL3B and BL7B are dedicated to studies of theoptical properties (reflection, absorbance andluminescence) in the visible – and vacuum UV
regions. BL7B is an older beamline that has recently
been reconfigured to focus on ellipsometry
measurements. BL3B has recently been moved from
BL1B and significantly upgraded to the HOTRLU
system which has greatly improved flux (relative tothe previous BL1B system), and a smaller spot sizeby using a Kirkpatrick-Baez focusing system.
Research on the UV optical properties of a number ofinteresting materials was described, including AlN
and EBSTO, a layered organic-inorganic system, as
well as studies related to calibrating instruments for
astrophysics. There is significant international
participation and quite high productivity (BL3B &BL7B generated over 20% of all UVSOR
publications in the past 5 years), although the
publications are rarely in the first rank journals.

relevance to molecular science. There is a strong
tradition of gas phase spectroscopy studies at
UVSOR which is very relevant to molecular science.
However, I was less impressed by the instrumentationand science in this area, than in other areas. Althoughnotmainstream
molecularscience,theinstrumentation and programs in condensed matterelectronic structure (ARPES) are very strong anddefinitely worth continuing.
3c. Role of in-house contributions / future
directions
A key aspect of UVSOR is that a large proportionofthescientificdirection,
instrumentation
development, and beamtime is determined by the inhouse scientists. This is in strong contrast to mostother SR facilities, where it is the science andinterests of external researchers that is dominant. I
consider the exceptional in-house research programs
to be a real strength of UVSOR. The quality of thescience on the international scale then strongly
depends on the quality of the team leaders, theresearchers they attract to their teams, and theirinternational collaborations. IMS is fortunate to havesome very talented researchers. Relative to otherfacilities, the size of the UVSOR staff is very small,
yet the output is outstanding, from the perspectives ofquality, diversity and quantity. Hiring of at least
one additional faculty in IMS or UVSOR, at the
professor or associate professor level should be (and,I understand, is) a high priority. While the main goal
should be to find a dynamic young or mid-career
individual with a passion for synchrotron-based
research applied to molecular science, if there are
equally good candidates, research in the area ofnanoscience would build best on the existing
instrumentation and strengths of UVSOR.

2.9b VUV spectroscopy of biological molecules(BL3B, BL7B: Kazumichi NAKAGAWA, Kobe
Univ.)
Professor Nakagawa described his program forcareful transmission measurements on thin films of
the individual amino acids and DNA bases, which areused to generate absolute absorption cross-sections.
Results are typically reliable to 5-10%, but often only
after a sum-rule normalization correction. The
motivation for the work is UV biosensors, andconnections to UV damage related to cataracts.
However there was no evidence for a direct link tothose areas, and the energy range relevant to theseissues is only a very small part of the energy range
over which the absorption was measured. However,in terms of understanding the fundamental physics
and chemistry of radiation damage, such a wide rangeof spectral studies may be meaningful.

3. General comments about science andfuture directions for UVSOR

November 22, 2012

3a. International competitivenessAs outlined in detail above, some beamlines,
end-stations and research programs are moreinternationally competitive than others. Of particularhigh quality I consider BL3U, BL6U and BL3B.
Adam P. Hitchcock, FRSC
Professor of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
McMaster University
Canada3b. Relevance to molecular science mission
The liquids, electrochemistry, and chemical /photochemical reaction science, as well as theelectronic structure (ARPES, XAS, XES) studies ofmolecular thin films are areas of the most direct

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Editorial Board
T . Ohigashi
H . Hagiwara
S . Kawai
H . Iwayama
Y . Inagaki