Commissioned by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
Occupational accident prevention measures project in
response to construction demand related to theTokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games

Safety and Health
Education Text for
New Employees

Japan Construction Occupational
Safety and Health Association(abbreviation: JCOSHA)

Contents

This educational text is a translation of a text prepared at the commissionof the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in ﬁscal 2021 by the Japan
Construction Occupational Safety and Health Association, provided by theJapan Association for Construction Human Resources. Regarding theappropriateness of the translated content, users of this text should
compare it with the original and use it on the basis of their own
judgement.

Chapter 1 What is a construction site? ･････････････････････････････････････････････････2

本教育テキストは、令和３年度厚生労働省委託事業により建設業労働災害防止協会が作成したものを一般社団法人建設技能人材機構が翻訳し情報提供しているものです。翻訳内容の適正については、本教育テキストの利用者が自ら原著と対比して個人で判断し使用してください。

Chapter 3 Industrial accidents and prevention measures･････････････････････････････････8

Chapter 2 Construction site work, and safety and health･････････････････････････････････5
1 What is the construction site safety and health management system? ････････････････5
2 Daily work ﬂow at construction sites ･･････････････････････････････････････････････6

1 What must be done to prevent workplace accidents? ･･･････････････････････････････82 At construction sites, injuries and illnesses occur due to the following types of work:･･･9
3 Emergency communication system and evacuation ････････････････････････････････24
Chapter 4 Handling all sanitary protective equipment, etc. ･･････････････････････････････25
1 Correct handling of protective equipment, etc. ････････････････････････････････････25
2 Protective equipment to prevent work accidents ･･････････････････････････････････26
Reference materials･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････30
Ⅰ Occurrence of work accidents ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････30
Ⅱ Names of construction equipment and tools commonly used at construction sites ････33

Note:The “safety belt” in the text is a “fall arrest device” under
the Revised Industrial Safety and Health Act.

Chapter 1 What is a construction site?

Work such as excavation of tunnels etc. - “WS,” “Special”(1)Construction site qualiﬁcations
A variety of construction machinery is in operation atconstruction sites, and each has its own qualiﬁcations.
Also, the placement of a person to directly supervise theworkers is determined based on the work.
If you work without qualiﬁcations, you will be punished.

Lining work for tunnels, etc. - “WS,” “Special”
Excavation work ‒ “WS”

Forklift driving - “Skilled,” “Special”

Rope work at height - “Special”

Dust work - “Special”

Crane/derrick operation“Licensed,” “Skilled,” “Special”
Construction of concrete bridges, etc. ‒ “WS”

Adjustment or operation of jack type lifting machines ‒ “Special”

Work using full harness type safety belts - “Special”

Driving a rough terrain vehicle - “Skilled,” “Special”

Construction of steel bridges, etc. ‒ “WS”

Operating vehicle-based construction machinery [for land leveling,transportation, loading, and excavation] - “Skilled,” “Special”

Concrete crusher work ‒ “WS”

“Licensed” refers to a person with a license.
A person who has passed the exam conducted by adesignated testing organization and received a license fromthe Director of the Prefectural Labor Bureau.

Assembling steel frames for buildings, etc. ‒ “WS”

Sling work - “Skilled,” “Special”

Boring machine operation - “Special”
Operating vehicle-based construction machinery[for foundation work] - “Skilled,” “Special”“Skilled” refers to a person who has completeda skill training course.

Special education is education provided by each company
based on a certain curriculum stipulated by law. In cases
where a company does not have a qualiﬁed instructor, asafety and health organization such as JCOSHA conducts
the training on the company's behalf. A person who hascompleted this training at a company or safety and healthorganization.
“Special” includes “education equivalent to special
education” based on administrative notiﬁcations.

Operating shovel loaders, etc. - “Skilled,” “Special”

Submerged work - “Special”

Skills training is a course conducted by educational
institutions registered with the Prefectural Labor Bureau.
A person who has completed a course at this educational
institution.
“Special” refers to a person who has completed
special education (including education equivalent
to special education)

High-pressure indoor work ‒ “Licensed”

Driving track equipment power vehicles - “Special”
Mobile crane operation ‒“Licensed,” “Skilled,” “Special”
Assembling formwork support, etc. ‒ “WS”

Gas welding work ‒ “Licensed,” “Skilled”

Arc welding work ‒ “WS,” “Special”

Soil decontamination work, etc. - “Special”
Class 1 or Class 2 oxygen deﬁcient dangerous work ‒ “WS,” “Special”
Low-voltage electricity handling work - “Special”

Assembling scaﬀolding, etc. ‒ “WS,” “Special”

Vibration tool handling work - “Special”

Asbestos handling work - “WS,” “Special”

Handling circular saws, etc. - “Special”

Roller operation ‒ “Special”

Free grinding wheel replacement - “Special”

Driving aerial work vehicles - “Skilled,” “Special”
Demolition of concrete structures ‒ “WS”
Handling of organic solvents - “WS,” “Special”“WS” refers to the work supervisor

Construction worker education

In order to prevent industrial accidents, work that requires
safety and health management requires the assignment ofa work supervisor to directly supervise the workers.

Chief Safety and Health Oﬃcer
Driving vehicle-based construction machinery[for demolition] - “Skilled,” “Special”

Construction work such as assembling earth shoring - “WS”

Foreman/Safety and Health Oﬃcer

Assembly of wooden buildings, etc. - “WS”

Winch operation - “Special”
Operation of concrete pump truck work equipment - “Special”

This ﬁgure shows the required qualiﬁcations that are particularly relevant in the construction industry.

23

(2)Construction site characteristics

Chapter 2 Construction site work and safety and health

Construction sites diﬀer signiﬁcantly from other industries in the following ways:① Dangerous areas within the construction site change daily depending on the progress ofwork. [Dangerous areas (openings, high places, underground, etc.)]② At construction sites, many large machines such as vehicle-based construction machineryand mobile cranes are in operation, and in the unlikely event that someone gets caught orcomes into contact with them, serious injury or death could result.
③ People from diﬀerent types of companies work together on the same construction site. (Steelassembly companies, heavy machinery companies, equipment construction companies, etc.)④ The work content of people working at the samesite changes frequently depending on the
progress of the work. Additionally, work
conditions vary depending on weather conditions
such as rain, wind, and snow.

1 What is the construction site safety and health management system?
At construction sites, each person has a role (there is an organization) to prevent disasters andaccidents from occurring. The system for safety and health management in which the main
contractor and related contractors (partner companies) work together is called the “overall safety
and health management system.”Your boss, the work site manager, works with the director of the prime contractor to provide
instructions and guidance on how to proceed with safe work and the workplace environment, inorder to protect you from industrial accidents.
(Prime contractor)⑤ The most common disasters at construction sites
are the “three major accidents” of falls,
construction machinery, and landslides.
⑥ Many traﬃc accidents occur during commuting
and on-site.

(3)Occurrence of industrial accidents after entering a construction site
A The ﬁgure on the right is a graph that categorizes fatal
accidents by the number of days after ﬁrst entering theconstruction site. Nearly 60% of fatal accidents occur within
7 days of entering a construction site.
B Regarding industrial accidents in the construction industry,
the following may occur.
(A) If you are completely new to working in theconstruction industryⓐ Construction work skills are immature and unfamiliar.
ⓑ Not sure about the appropriate measures regarding
safety and health.
ⓒ Unsafe behavior or failure to follow establishedprocedures.

Number of days on site
and rate of accidents
30 daysor more19.8%
15 to 30 days
12.9%
8 to 14 days
9.4%

First day26.0%
Up to 7 days
2 to 7 days
57.9%
31.9%

(From fatal accident analysis results)

Chief Safety and
Health Oﬃcer

Work site manager(Site agent)

Prime Contractor
Safety and
Health Manager(Chief engineer, etc.)

Prime contractor
employees(Safety personnel, etc.)(Your company)(Other Companies)

Foreman(Safety and Health Oﬃcer)

Foreman Safety
and Health Oﬃcer

Various work managers
Various work leaders
Various guides, etc.

Work chief, etc.

Colleagues(You)

Workers in otheroccupations(B) For those who have experience working in the construction industry
At each construction site, you will be working in the working environment and working
methods of that site, and you may not be able to make use of your previous experience, or
you may neglect danger or engage in “unsafe behavior” until you get used to it.
(Your company may be a 2nd or 3rd tier subcontractor.)

4

5

2

Daily work ﬂow at construction sites

Points to note regarding safe construction cycle activities

At construction sites, there is a ﬂow of safety activities called the “Safe Construction Cycle” toensure that all workers work safely during daily work.
At construction sites, we build buildings, roads, tunnels, bridges, and other structures “safely,” at “highly (quality),” “quickly,” and “cheaply” by conducting “safe construction cycle activities.”

Morning safety assemblies

Safety meetings

At morning assemblies, information on safe
work and lectures on important mattersfor the day are provided, so be sure tolisten carefully.

Hazard prediction activities

The foreman etc. will give you the work details,
safety precautions, and instructions for the day. If
you don't understand something, please check here.
(Physical condition check, clothing check, protective
equipment check)Morning safetyassemblies(All employees)

Conﬁrmation/report at the end of work
Safety meetings(Hazard prediction
activities)

Conﬁrmation/
report at theend of work

Daily safe
construction
cycle
Inspection
before starting
work

Cleaning up
after work

Inspection before starting work

The foreman, etc. will check his/her station
and report on the completion of work to
the prime contractor.
Also report minor injuries at work.

Cleaning up after work
Be sure to inspect the machinery, equipment,
protective equipment, etc. in work areas every day
before using them.

Okay!
Guidance andsupervision
during work

Work sitemanagerpatrols

Safetyprocess
meetings

Guidance and supervision during work
To ensure that the next day's work can bedone safely and smoothly, please organize
and arrange your workplace and inspectand maintain your tools.

Safety process meetings

Make sure that the instructions and discussions
given at morning safety assemblies and safety
meeting are properly followed during work. It is
important that the foreman directly instructs andsupervises the workers on site, and that theworkers strictly follow the foreman's instructions.

This is a meeting between the prime
contractor and the managers of
subcontractors to communicate andcoordinate the next day's work methods inorder to work safely.

6

7

Chapter 3 Industrial accidents and prevention measures

21(1)Working at heights on scaﬀolding

What must be done to prevent industrial accidents?

Injuries and illnesses occur at construction sites due tothe following types of work:(1)Your main roles in preventing industrial accidents
To prevent work-related accidents, please observe the following:① Observe established site rules and work procedures.
② Obey the instructions of the foreman or other person in charge.
③ Properly use designated protective equipment such as a hard hat (helmet), safety belt, anddust mask.
④ Do not remove safety equipment such as handrails without permission.

Use
the stairs!

⑤ Strive to organize, arrange, clean, and tidy materials and tools.

Example of work on the roof(2)Do not engage in unsafe behavior“Unsafe behavior” refers to engaging in dangerous behavior, whether or not the person knows it
is “dangerous.” For example, doing something dangerous even though you know it is dangerous,
taking a shortcut instead of taking a safe route, or skipping a set work procedure instead offollowing it.

CautionTo prevent work-related accidents, avoid situations like those shown below on-site. Ask to be
told the rules of the workplace and be sure to follow them.

Single tube

Example of work using an aerial work vehicle

Climbing carelessly on
top of materials, etc.
Running up
and down stairs
Smoking in the material
storage area

Example of work on scaﬀolding
under overhead power lines[Rules to follow]① Always use a safety belt when working at heights.

Taking shortcuts
instead of taking
safe routes

Walking withhands in pockets② Use lifting equipment (stairs, ladders, etc.) to move up and down.
③ Use designated safe routes.
④ When handling long objects such as steel pipes on rooftops, etc., be careful of nearby racks,
open electrical wires, etc.

Entering restricted
areas⑤ Keep your work area neat and tidy by not leaving things in aisles.

Safe routes[Predicted disasters]
Running throughsafe routes

8

Disasters caused by falling/tumbling

9

(2)Working in hot and humid places, working outdoors under the scorching sun,working in hot and humid places with poor ventilation, etc.

(3)Work such as asbestos removal associated with the demolition andrenovation of buildings, etc.
・Flat asbestos slate for residential roofs

・Asbestos cement

Example of road paving work

Example of excavation work under the hot sun[Rules to follow]① Make sure to take in plenty of water, sports drinks, and salt.

Example of indoor asbestos
removal work

② During breaks, use a well-ventilated shaded area or rest area to get plenty of rest.
③ The day before work, don't drink too much and get enough sleep.
④ Make eﬀective use of protective hats, and cooling bands, etc. to prevent heatstroke.

[Rules to follow]① Before use, check to see if the dust mask is damaged or leaking from gaps between it andyour face.
② Wear the speciﬁed standard dust mask, protective clothing, hard hat (helmet), protective
gloves, safety shoes, etc. as instructed.

[Predicted disasters]
Heatstroke③ Use a safety belt when working at heights (over 2m high).

* “Heatstroke” is a general term for diseases in which the body loses its ability to adjust in hot
and humid work environments, resulting in life-threatening disorders. Normally, when the
body begins to lose water and salt through sweating, the body's temperature regulation
function becomes active, but when this exceeds its limit, the body temperature regulation
function becomes ineﬀective, the body temperature rises, and the initial symptoms ofheadache, nausea, and sluggishness occur. If the disease progresses further, you may lose
consciousness and even die.

④ In the summer, be sure to take measures to prevent heatstroke (such as hydration and salt
intake, taking breaks in the shade with good ventilation, etc.).

[Predicted disasters]
Asbestosis, mesothelioma, pneumoconiosis, heatstroke, etc.

* “Mesothelioma” is a malignant tumor that generally occurs in the membranes covering thelungs or heart.
“Pneumoconiosis” is a lung disease that occurs when dust accumulates in lung cells as a resultof inhaling dust over a long period of time.

1011

(4)Processing of materials generated during demolition work

[Rules to follow]① Unauthorized entry is prohibited within the work area.
② Never stand under a suspended load.
③ Sling work (the work of hanging wire ropes, etc. to a load, crane, etc. when hoisting a loadusing a crane, etc.) should be performed by qualiﬁed personnel.

[Predicted disasters]
Injuries caused by falling loads, injuries caused by falling cranes, etc.

Example of building demolition

Example of house demolition(6)Work such as excavation, land leveling, transportation, etc.
using construction machinery such as backhoes

When processing materials generated during demolition work, care must be taken as the debris is
likely to contain many harmful chemicals such as asbestos and dust.

[Rules to follow]① When processing generated materials, etc., be sure to use protective equipment such as dust
masks, gas masks, hard hats (helmets), goggles (safety glasses), rubber gloves (protective
gloves), and thick, durable shoes (safety boots).
② Wear long-sleeved work clothes to avoid exposing your skin.
③ If you ﬁnd medicine bottles, cans, drums, etc. in the remains of a plating factory, etc., do nottouch them and report them to the foreman.
④ If you ﬁnd a building material with asbestos or something like cotton attached to the steel
frame, do not touch it and follow the foreman's instructions.

[Rules to follow]① Do not enter areas where construction machinery is prohibited from entering without
permission.
② It is prohibited to enter the work area of rotating construction machinery such as backhoes(drag excavators).
③ Follow the instructions of the work leader, guide, signaler, etc.
④ Use designated safe routes.

[Predicted disasters]
Disorders caused by dust (pneumoconiosis), tetanus from wounds caused by stepping on nails,
burns caused by chemicals, cuts, bruises, fractures, falls, etc.

(5)Work to lift and move loads using cranes, etc. (sling work)[Predicted disasters]
Injuries caused by being caught/entangled, falling/tumbling, or falling objects(7)Laying water and sewage pipes and excavating on slopes

Signaler
Driver

Loose stones
Slinger

Foreman

Example of slinging work using a mobile crane

12

Slope

Example of lifting a load using a crane

13

[Rules to follow]④ Make sure fresh air is brought in from outside.

① Please follow the safety guidelines. Digging in watermarks is prohibited.

⑤ Engine-powered generators are prohibited from use in areas with inadequate ventilation.

② Check for loose stones, etc.
③ Use safety belts in designated areas.
④ When climbing up and down excavated trenches, use climbing equipment such as ladders andstairs.
⑤ If you ﬁnd any abnormalities such as water leakage, cracks, or deformation of the shoring, besure to contact the person in charge.

[Predicted disasters]
Injury due to collapse, falling/tumbling

Qualiﬁcation
certiﬁcate

At work sites, there are many tasks
that require certain qualiﬁcations bylaw. Never allow unqualiﬁed
personnel to perform these tasks.

[Predicted disasters]
Oxygen deﬁciency, poisoning due to methane gas, hydrogen sulﬁde, etc., carbon monoxide
poisoning, falls, injuries due to explosions* “Anoxia” is a condition which occurs when the oxygen concentration in the air is less than
18%, and you absorb oxygen-deﬁcient air, where you may experience dizziness, loss of
consciousness, or even death depending on the oxygen concentration.

* Hydrogen sulﬁde exists in sewage and sludge such as sewers, and when agitated, it isreleased into the air and absorbed through the mucous membranes of the eyes andrespiratory tract, causing corneal damage, olfactory paralysis, and bronchitis. There is also arisk of death due to diﬃculty breathing or suﬀocation.

(9)Work using power tools, etc.
Verify qualiﬁcation(8)Work in culverts with water, sewage, gas pipes, etc., manholes,
inside storage tanks and silos, narrow basements, ship holds, etc.

Do not enter

Example of using an electric drill

Example of basement ventilation

Example of using an electric circular saw

Example of ventilation in a small work area
This mark is a safety mark displayedon electrically safe double-insulated
products that can be used without
grounding.

[Rules to follow]① Work according to the instructions of the work supervisor.
② When going up and down inside a manhole, use equipment such as a lifting device.
③ Use necessary protective equipment such as safety belts and hard hats (helmets).

14

Double insulation mark

Example of using a disc grinder

15

[Rules to follow][Rules to follow]① Be sure to use the safety devices (safety cover) on portable circular saws and the grip on disc
grinders.

① Make sure to securely install the ladder with the top sticking out at least 60cm.

② Check for damage to the power cable, etc.

③ Avoid lifting and lowering objects with one hand.

② Use legs with non-slip feet to ensure a secure installation.

③ Be sure to connect the earth.
④ Be sure to turn oﬀ the switch when moving while working.
⑤ Gloves are not allowed when using a power drill or disc grinder.
⑥ Get power from a device equipped with an earth leakage breaker to prevent electric shock.
⑦ Check the double insulation structure (double insulation mark on the nameplate).

[Predicted disasters]
Falling/tumbling(12)Handling heavy objects, work that puts strain on the back×

[Predicted disasters]
Cuts, scrapes, electric shock(10)Work using stepladders, etc.
[Rules to follow]① When lifting heavy objects, bend your knees, lower your hips, and stretch your back.
② When putting things down, be sure to do so gently and without throwing.
③ When doing continuous work that puts strain on your lower back, take regular breaks tostretch your lower back.
Example of stepladder[Rules to follow][Predicted disasters]① Before use, check the stepladder for damage, curls, open stoppers, etc.

Strained back, lower back pain

② Avoid openings and near stairs, and install on a ﬂat surface.
③ Working while standing on the top is prohibited.

(13)Work using vibrating tools④ Be sure to use the opening stopper.
⑤ Do not climb up or down while carrying tools or other objects.
⑥ Working while leaning over a stepladder is dangerous.
⑦ Use a portable workbench whenever possible.

(11)Work using a ladder

Example of a vibrating tool

[Rules to follow]
1) Use a dust mask, anti-vibration gloves, ear plugs, safety glasses, and a hard hat (helmet)
appropriate for the work.

Example of a ladder162) As a general rule, the usage time for vibrating tools is within 2 hours. In the case of work thatexceeds these working hours, please follow the foreman's instructions regarding changing
workers, etc.

17

[Predicted disasters](15)Welding and cutting work

Vibration disorders such as white wax, dust disorders, pneumoconiosis, hearing impairment, andinjuries caused by ﬂying particles (eyes, etc.)* “Vibration tools” include hand-held rock jackhammers for tunnel excavation, concrete
breakers for chipping and other work, pick hammers, concrete vibrators, chainsaws, engine
cutters, lawn mowers (brush cutters), and portable tampers.

(14)Painting, waterprooﬁng, spraying moisturizers and insulation materials,
and other work that uses organic solvents in indoor work areas.

Combustible
material

Example of arc welding work

Example of gas cutting work

[Rules to follow]① When working, make sure that there are no ﬂammable materials around the work area.
② During work, be sure to use the designated welding/fusion cutting goggles, dust mask, safety
shoes, leather gloves, etc.
③ Do not look directly at arc welding sparks with the naked eye.

[Predicted disasters]
Example of indoor spraying work

Burns, ﬁre injuries, electric shock, explosions, pneumoconiosis, lightning ophthalmia(16)Measures against bee stings[Rules to follow]① Work according to the instructions of the work supervisor.
② Make sure there is suﬃcient ventilation while working.
③ Depending on the working environment, use an air mask or gas mask.

There have been cases of people dying from bee stings while working. Bees that live in Japanand attack and sting include wasps and paper wasps. Many stings occur in mountainous areasand surrounding areas.

④ Use the designated protective equipment such as a hard hat (helmet) and safety glasses.

[Symptoms of bee stings][Predicted disasters]

Localized
symptoms

Organic solvent poisoning* “Organic solvents, such as thinner, are widely used as thinners for paints and adhesives, andthey easily evaporate and enter the body through the respiratory tract and skin, causing
symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, and loss of consciousness. In the worst casescenario, this can even lead to death.”

18

Systemic
symptoms

Intense pain
Mild symptoms include fatigue and shortness of breath. Moderate, chest
tightness, diarrhea and nausea. In severe cases, this can cause blindness,deafness, and loss of consciousness, and the most severe symptoms can lead todeath due to anaphylactic shock.

* Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that causes swelling (edema) in the airways,
leading to suﬀocation and death.

19[Treatment method][Rules to follow]① If you get stung by a bee, suck out the venom within two minutes.

① Please follow the rules on site.

② If the symptoms are severe, immediately transport the person to a medical institution toreceive treatment.

② Check the work site in advance.

* Ammonia, which is commonly referred to, has no eﬀect on bee stings, so be careful.

④ Wear clothes appropriate for work.

③ Be sure to participate in safety activities such as morning safety assemblies and hazard
prediction (KY) activities.
⑤ Be sure to use designated protective equipment.
⑥ Obey safety signs.

[To avoid being stung by bees]① For working attire, avoid wearing black and wear white-colored clothing. If not possible, wear
bright clothing such as yellow.
② Bees are sensitive to stimuli and vibrations. When working near bees, wear a bee net toprotect your face.
③ If you ﬁnd a nest, remove it by knocking it down or spraying it with insecticide.
④ If you notice a nest, mark the danger area with yellow tape and avoid entering.

⑦ Please follow the instructions of the signaler and guide.
⑧ Follow established work procedures.
⑨ Avoid approaching restricted or dangerous areas.
⑩ Know where the ﬁre extinguisher is located and how to use it.
⑪ If you ﬁnd any unsafe areas, please contact the person in charge.
⑫ Please smoke only in designated areas.
⑬ Try to be organized, tidy, neat, and clean.
⑭ Report even small injuries to your foreman.

(18)Health checks
Example ofbee netting

At construction sites, various injuries and illnesses occur depending on the nature of the work,
but it is important to work in a healthy condition.
In order to know your health condition, be sure to undergo health checks as instructed.
Receivinghealth check(17)Other general work considerations
Healthcheck vehicle

Safety ﬁrst○○ constru

ction[When you receive a health check]① You can know your current health status.
② If you are sick, you can start treatment sooner.
Example of a morning safety assembly

Example a KY meeting

Please note that depending on illnesses detected during the health check, you may berequired to engage in a diﬀerent job than your previous one.

Fire
extinguisher* In addition to the health checks that are conducted when workers are hired or when theychange work assignments, health checks also include a regular annual health check, and anannual check that is conducted to prevent workers from working with organic solvents orusing vibrating tools. If you are engaged in special work such as work that uses equipment orin which you are exposed to dust, there are also “special health checks” that you must
undergo once every six months.

Rest place

Organized, tidy, neat, and clean

20

21

[Daily health management]

The “JCOSHA Method Health KY and Anonymous Stress Check” is an initiative created forconstruction sites based on the stress check system newly established by the revision of theIndustrial Safety and Health Act.

① Refrain from binge eating.
② Always keep your work clothes clean.
③ If you have any physical abnormalities, seek treatment at a medical institution immediately.
④ Take breaks and rest your body to relieve fatigue.

Health KY⑤ Do warm-up exercises before work.

Every day, foremen ask workers questions about their sleep, diet, and physicalcondition. This is expected to help individuals become aware of their own
condition and to handle them, as well as to improve communication on-site.

(19)Mental health measures

Health KY questions

A stress check system based on the Industrial Safety and Health Act has been implemented, anddirect workers are required to take mental health measures.
However, given that workers in the construction industry experience stress at the construction
site, and that many workers have been certiﬁed for workers' compensation for mental disorders
as on-site workers, it is considered necessary to implement measures at construction sites in
addition to legally required measures.
For this reason, we are promoting the “JCOSHA Method Health KY and Anonymous Stress
Check” that utilizes the safe construction cycle as a simple and eﬀective method that can be
performed at construction sites.

JCOSHA Method Health KY and Anonymous Stress Checks
Voluntary eﬀorts
Morningsafetyassemblies

Anonymous stress checks(Conducted multiple times within
the construction period)

Safetymeetings

Anonymous The system uses a questionnaire to understand the stress level of eachstresscompany that works in the workplace, and uses the results to help create achecksworkplace environment that is easy to work in.

“Simple Occupational Stress Questionnaire”(simpliﬁed version: 23 items )Implementation date

(Simpliﬁed version: 23 items)
Simple occupational stress questionnaire

Site name
Aﬃliated company name
GenderMale/Female

A.We would like to ask you about your work.
Please mark the one that applies most to you.

Local KY

Not reallyI disagree

1.

Have to do a lot of work

1

2

3

4

Work
inspections

1

2

3

4

3.

Must work hard

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

2.

Health KY

10. Can reﬂect your opinions in work policies at the workplace.

Almost always

Work sitemanagerpatrols

Able to decide the order and method of work yourself

Often

Guidance andsupervision byforeman during
work

9.

Can work at your own pace

Sometimes(Conducted every day)8

Unable to complete work within time

RarelyCleaning up
after work

Daily
activities

Are you feeling well?

I think soConﬁrmation/
reportat the endof work

Did you eat well?

I agree

KYK

Did you sleep well?

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

29. Can't sleep well

1

2

3

4

C.We would like to ask you about the people around you.
Please mark the one that applies most to you.

B.We would like to ask you about your condition over the past month.
Please mark the one that applies most to you.
7.

Very tired

9.

Feeling tired

8.

Exhausted

10. Tense

11. Anxious

Safety process
meetings

12. Canʼt relax

13. Despondent

14. It's too much trouble to do anything
16 Don't feel good
27. No appetite

Very often

Quite a lot

Somewhat

Not at all

Mental health measures using
safe construction cycles

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

To what extent can you rely on the following people when you are in trouble?
1
2
1. Boss1
2
2. Colleagues at work

3

4

3

4

How easily can you talk to the following people?
1.
2.

Boss

Colleagues at work

How willing are the following people to listen to you if you talk to them about your personal problems?
12
3
4
1. Boss
2.

Colleagues at work

*Thank you for your cooperation.

22

1

2

3

4

Source: “Stress Check System Implementation Manual Based on the Industrial
Safety and Health Act”, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, May 2015

23

3

Chapter 4 Handling safety and health protective equipment, etc.

Emergency communication system and evacuation(1)In case of an emergency, immediately contact a nearby colleague or foreman.
On-site1

Correct handling of protective equipment, etc.

To protect yourself from injury, it is important to wear and use protective equipment correctly.

Discoverer

Disaster

1. Correct clothing, appropriate protective equipmentone
Is anythere?

ReportForeman orprime contractor• Report any injuries, no matter how small, to yourforeman.
• If you discover anything abnormal, shout out loud tothose around you and contact your foreman.

Emergency notiﬁcation
to related parties• In the event of an electric shock, oxygen deﬁciency
disaster, etc., there is a risk of “secondary disaster” inwhich rescuers may suﬀer. Please follow the instructionsof the person in charge and do not act on your own.

Wear clean clothingthat ﬁts your body.

Wear the hard hat correctly
and securely fasten
the chinstrap.
Do not cover your faceor neck with a towel.

• Wear the safety belt according
to the wearing instructions.
• Do not put dangerous or
unnecessary items in your pockets.
• Tuck the hem of your jacket
neatly into your pants.

Wear safety shoes,
safety socks, and otheritems suitable
for the job.

Fasten the buttons on the cuﬀs.
Don't let your pants stick out.

(2)Disaster prevention training in the event of a disaster
Make full use of the results of daily training to deal with disasters when they occur.
Hard hat
Goggles to block
harmful rays

Wear safety glasses
for dusty work

Surface forarc welding

Earplugs innoisy areas

Masks for harmful
substances
Full harness type safety belts
for working at heights

Gloves for arc welding,anti-vibration, etc.

24

Wear safety shoes toprevent foot injuries

25

2[Precautions for use]

Protective equipment to prevent industrial accidents① Do not use where the oxygen concentration is less than 18%.
② Conﬁrm that the concentration of toxic gas in the work area is below the operating limit.

1) Respiratory protection
When working in an area where dust or toxic gases are generated, use a dust mask or gas mask,
and use respiratory protective equipment such as an air respirator in areas where there is a riskof oxygen deﬁciency.

(1)Dust masks
Dust masks include disposable dust masks, replaceable dust masks, and electric fan-type
respirators.
Choose a dust mask considering the type of dust, work content, etc.

Harness
Battery

FilterExample of a disposable
dust mask④ After putting on the mask, check that it is tight to your face.
⑤ Perform a proper inspection beforehand and take good care after use.
Air cylinder(3)Air breathing apparatus, etc.

A dust mask is designed to prevent you from breathing dust in the air into your lungs.

Harness③ Use an absorption canister appropriate for the type of gas.

Since they supply fresh air, they can be used even inoxygen-deﬁcient environments, and there are various
types such as air respirators and hose masks.

[Precautions for use]
① When using the mask, keep it close to your face.
Do not use a mask with anything, such as a towel,
sandwiched between it. Be careful if you have athick beard, as harmful gases from outside canenter through the gaps.
② Before use, check the speciﬁed items.

Example of a dust mask

Example of a respirator
with an electric fan

Pressure regulator

Example of an air breathing apparatus③ Check the prescribed usage time. However, please be careful as the usable time varies
depending on the amount of breathing during use.
④ When using a hose mask (air supply mask), place a supervisor, etc. at the point where the air
is supplied.

[Precautions for use]
① Do not use where the oxygen concentration is less than 18%.
② Do not use in areas with toxic gas.

2) Safety belt

③ Replace dirty ﬁlters.

Always use a safety belt when working on elevated work ﬂoors, areas without handrails, or otherdesignated areas.

④ Do not use deformed or damaged items.
⑤ For disposable types, observe the speciﬁed usage time limit.
⑥ Disposable items should not be washed and reused.
⑦ Use it tightly on your face. Do not use a mask with anything, such as a towel, sandwiched
between it.

(2)Gas masks

There are two types of safety belts: “full harness type” and “body belt type.” Use a safety belt
appropriate for the work at the construction site and the height of the work area.

Detachable
connecting belt
ShoulderbeltHarness

Gas masks are designed to purify the air
containing toxic gases using an absorbent
canister.

D ringChest belt
Torso
belt

Facepiece

Before use, check the breakthrough time (timeuntil detoxiﬁcation ability is lost) of thecanister and conﬁrm that it has detoxiﬁcation
ability before use.

Hook

Shock
absorber
LanyardAbsorption
canisterThigh belt

Absorption
canisterPelvic belt

Example of a full harness type safety belt

Example of a torso belt type safety belt

Example of gas mask

26275) Safety glasses[Precautions for use]
① Use a safety belt that can withstand the total weight of the wearer and the weight of his/herequipment.
② When wearing a safety belt, make sure that you have all the necessary parts for safety, andmake sure to wear it securely and not loosely.

In order to protect your eyes from ﬂying objects, dust, and harmful rays during building
demolition work, chisel work, grinder work, welding work, etc., use “safety glasses” and “shielding glasses” that are appropriate for the work.

③ Hook the safety belt in the correct position and in the correct way.
Liner3) Hard hat (helmet)

Cap body
Hammock

Head injuries can be fatal. To protect your head, be sure tofollow the instructions and wear the hard hat correctly.
Choose the appropriate protective helmet for your work,
including for ﬂying/falling objects, for fall protection, and forelectricity (working voltage 7000V or less).

Head band

Chinstrap

Examples of hard hats

[Precautions for use]

Example of safety glasses

Example of shielding glasses

Example of welding
light blocking surface6) Other protective equipment (examples)

Use protective equipment correctly depending on the work location and work content.

① Adjust the headband and chinstrap to ﬁt your head properly.
② Wear so that the chinstrap is not loose.
③ Make sure your ears are in the V-shaped part of the chinstrap and wear it correctly.
④ Do not wear a hard hat with a towel, baseball cap, etc. on your head.
⑤ If the hammock or headband gets dirty, replace it with a new one.
Earplugs

4) Safety boots
Select and use safety boots that are suitable for the job.

GlovesReﬂective vest

7) Safety and health signs used at construction sites (example)

Safety boots are designed to protect workers' feet fromfalling heavy objects or nails, etc.
Safety boots include, for example, shoes for work atheights, welding work, demolition work (to prevent
tripping), and acid/alkali work.

Life jacket

At the site, signs are posted at dangerous areas and areas where rules have been decided uponby everyone. Please understand the meaning of the signs and follow them.
Do Not EnterNo Smoking

No Fires

No Parking

Watch Your Step

Be Careful of Openings

Be Careful ofElectric ShockBe Careful of Falling

Use Safety Belt

Wear a Protective Helmet

Safe routes

Watch Your Head

Safety boots
Be Careful on the
Road Shoulder

Be Careful of
Oxygen Deﬁciency[Precautions for use]
① When there is a risk of tripping during waste disposal work, etc., use safety boots with atripping prevention function.

Using Organic
Solvent

Tidy Up② Regular safety boots (with non-slip synthetic rubber soles) are suitable for working in areas
with a lot of chips and oil.
③ Tighten your shoelaces properly.

Maximum Load

Smoking Area

StretcherFire extinguisher

Alarm Equipment

AED Installation Location

Climbing Stairs

Rest Area④ Care for your boots once a week. Inspect for nails, glass, etc., and for scratches, fraying, ortears, and replace items that are severely damaged.

List of JCOSHA uniform
safety signs

28

Examples of foreign
language markings

JCOSHA uniform
safety sign website

29

This is an example of a foreign language sign
written in 5 languages in addition to Japanese toaccommodate foreign workers.

Reference materials

3. Carelessness, absentmindedness(Inadvertent)

4. Troublesome, hindrance(Shortcuts, acts of omission)Ⅰ◆I was careless and stepped under a load, andthe load that was being lowered hit me.

◆Instead of using a ladder, I jumped from anearby low place and sprained my leg.

5. When you concentrate on one thing,
you can't see your surroundings(situational behavior)

6. Get panicked(Panic)◆While assembling scaﬀolding, I slipped andalmost fell while tightening it with thespanner, so I tried to grab it in a hurry andfell oﬀ the scaﬀold.

◆The formwork material I had temporarily set
up was about to topple over, and I
immediately tried to hold it down but ended
up getting pinned down.

Occurrence of industrial accidents

Occupational accidents occur due to the “unsafe condition” of machinery and equipment and the “unsafe actions” of people.

Unsafe conditions＋

Workers

Occurrenceof disasters

Unsafe behavior

Recently, occupational accidents caused by unsafe behavior, especially human mistakes anderrors, have become more prominent. Examples include “working in an unreasonable position,”
mistakes such as “operation errors,” “entering dangerous places,” and “unsafe clothing or notusing protective equipment.”[Disasters due to human error]
1. Misjudgment due to ignorance
or lack of experience(Ignorance, inexperience,
unfamiliarity)

2. It's okay, I'm ﬁne(Neglecting danger,
getting used to it)◆A new visitor entered a restricted area
without knowing the situation at the site andgot caught in the backhoe. (New entrants
should be especially careful.)◆When attempting to lower a fume pipe witha backhoe (using it in a manner other than its
intended use), the slinging wire snapped andstruck a worker working nearby.

30

31

7. Misunderstanding, assumptions(Perception)

8. Delayed reaction due to age(Decrease in physical function ofelderly people)

Ⅱ◆A foreign object got stuck in the rotating partof my electric stirrer and it stopped moving,
and when I tried to remove the foreign object,
I thought that the power was cut oﬀ(perception), and the moment I removed theforeign object, the stirring part started rotating
and my ﬁnger was cut oﬀ. I was injured.

◆While carrying leftover materials, I trippedover a step in the aisle and fell.

Scaﬀolding names you should know

Names of construction equipment and tools commonly used
at construction sites

Example of framework scaﬀolding

Lower ledger
HandrailBaseboard

Middle ledger

Crossed braces

It's okay because
I turned oﬀ the power.

Building frame

Handrail pillars

Jack type base metal ﬁttings

Gable side handrail
Root related
Handrail frame forstair openings

Power onBeam frame
Floorboard
Frame scaﬀolding stairs

9. Fatigue/illness/worries

10. Deterioration of consciousness
due to monotonous work

◆Because I was tired, I felt dizzy and fell oﬀ
the scaﬀolding.

◆As I was repeatedly hammering nails, I
couldn't help but tap my ﬁngers out of themonotonous rhythm.

Example of framework scaﬀolding

ArmrestHandrailMiddle ledger
Baseboard
Scaﬀolding board

Fastening ﬁttings(Right angle type clamp)

HandrailArmrestFastening ﬁttings(Flexible clamp)

Middle ledger
Baseboard

Bracing

Fittings(Single tube joint)

Bracing
Cloth

Floorboard
Fixed base metal ﬁttings

32

Building site

33

Root related

Names of formwork shoring that you should know

Names of earth shoring that you should know

Example of pipe support types

Steel sheet pile wall

Corner brace
Strut brace
Back board(horizontal board)
Parent pile

Sleeper
Plug tube
Pin hole

Supportpin

Receivingplate
Adjustment
screw(Male thread)

Horizontal tether
Pipe support

Adjustment
screw(Femalethread)Lumbartube

Wale mounting

Bracing
Intermediate pile

Strut
Root related

Base plate

Names of wooden buildings you should know

Floorboard

Rafters
Mist

Ridge beam
Tie barFramework example

Laid
Height of eaves
Formwork

Names of light excavationthat you should know

Sleeper

GroundJoist
Slope
Jack base

Berm

ShoulderLoose stones

Building frame

Bracing

Slope

Crossed braces
Openwork digging
Root related

SlopeFoot of slope
Square timberJack type base metal ﬁttings

34

35

Pillar

Tie beam

Foundation
Foundation concrete(Cloth foundation)

Names of power tools you should know
[Disc grinder][Portable circular saw]
ハンドル

HandleSwitchSawtooth

Blade support
part
Safety coverスイッチ

ブラシホルダキャップ
Brush holder cap
動力部（モーター）
Power part (motor)
シャフトロック
Shaft lock

のこ歯

刃物支持部

グリップ

Grip

安全カバー
けんさくといし
Grinding wheelホイールカバーWheel coverBase (surface plate)ベース（定盤）
研削砥石

Names of electrical equipment you should know
[Electric Drum]
Cabtire cable
OutletEarth leakage breaker

Earth clip

Plug

Safety and Health Education Text for New Employees[Distribution board]
Earth leakage breaker

Test button

Reset button

Hardwire circuit breaker

First edition
Edited/Published byContact information

OutletGround terminal outlet for panel

Ground wire

36

Earth terminal
Destination display

June 2021
Japan Construction Occupational Safety and
Health Association
5-35-2 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014
Phone 03-3453-8201
https://www.kensaibou.or.jp/
Business Department Outsourcing
Business Headquarters
Takanawa Branch, 8th ﬂoor, Mita Nitto Dai Building,
3-11-36 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0073
Phone: 03-3453-0978 Fax: 03-5476-8362
Unauthorized reproduction