Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 77

Palaeontological Society of Japan
April lOth, 1970

Editor: Tokio SHIKAMA
Associate Editor: Kiyotaka CHINZEI

Officers for 1969-1970
President:

Fuyuji T AKAICouncillors (*Executives):

Kiyoshi ASANO*, Tetsuro HANAI* (Secretary), Kotora

HATAI, Itaru HAYAMI, Koichiro ICHIKAWA, Taro KANAYA, Kametoshi KANMERA, Teiichi KOBAYASHI, Kenji KO NISHI, Tamio KOTAKA, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO*, Masao MrNATO, Hiroshi OZAKI* (Treasurer), Tokio SHIKAMA*, Fuyuji
TAKA!*
Executive Committee (Chairman:
General Affairs:
Membership:

Fuyuji T AKAI)

Tetsuro HANAI, Takashi HAMADA, Yasuhide IwASAKI

Takashi HAMADA

Finance:

Hiroshi OzAKI, Saburo KANNO

Planning:

Hiroshi OZAKI, Hiroshi UJUE

Publications
Transactions:
Special Papers:"Fossils":

Tokio SHIKAMA, Kiyotaka CHINZEI
Tatsuro MATSUMOTO, Tomowo OZAWA

Kiyoshi ASANO, Yokichi TAKA YANAGI

Fossils on the cover is Globorotalia truncatulinoides (D'0RBIGNY, 1839).
The photograph was taken on a scanning electron microscope, JEOL- JSM-2, x 100.

All communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan
Sole agent: University of Tokyo Press

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 77, pp. 205-228, pl. 23, April 10, 1970

561.

A MIOCENE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA IN THE PHILIPPINESY ASUHIDE IWASAKI
Department of Geology, University Museum, University of Tokyo

1966~fnllfi!i::.Jv'/ :,-lfb Tayabas !tk!KO)!l[\'.i(f\'4
f*:ffv;J:.Li!. < t.;:v'i.l;ml: r.d~ili-t Mllifb;~ :Q c ,'(l:l,:b;h,:Q~1t.15r~*~· 2 -7FJftP;J:.U~Lt1f'011!l--:>f.:. ~/±II~Mr!lll Gumaca ~O)J.:!l!IL'$~Jf*lf0)m-e~"? t.::. ~ "Ctl\'l*~~;J:=t!(~ 20~~ 16lmi.l;~t&)}1J~n. =1'117Jl~O) u W.H~v''"CT""­"CP,!/;*rJ0)1t.Elll! • :ffl.itf.l!IC.fiij~~tl.'"C\t':Q. ~~J]':Jt.;:fjfic l....'"C, Vicarya callosa, Anadaramultijormis, ]oannisiella cumingi, Paphia exarata t.;: c·~*J;., ..§.-:> '"( MARTIN,
SMITH ~ICJ: -:>'"CfiUmi~tJ..t-: 71 !I -:;l:::':/,&~1 :.-' f::f.~7/JlliiiCJA< :$J':fni"":QI=j:l~Jj'Mi:r$O)~J;R~vr.f*- :.J!~#u:ltfl1t.:fillf.lr.r~-t :Q c J!f4l( J....{~:Q. -/JO)ll[I:BJ:tk Pitogof;Ji[i:O) 2 ~iJ,;~;tt.t-:: t~*~lHr. -::>v''"C f;J:, =1'3't::$J't.:MH-cv;J:~ :QiJ~ l!~fiiU;IJ-:Q 11[!±\;jj\@il'; §$_0)fillllf
fi'ltliH~fjiJ[;""t:Q t. ci.I~L' ~ :Q. t.O)~!f;, :ffl.J:lli$.1Clli:v' Dosinia-Anacf.ara llf.~ci!I!Mi:~tt.t.:c,i(l:l,:btJ..:Q Batillaria llf.~O)jitij~*O)/~il-L.t.:JbO)cfi~~;h,:Q. ]!!lr.. t.O)l/if/Ji "Pitogo
fauna" f;J: E*O)m.i~~~t.;: cvr.J;.;tl,.:Q Vicarya ~*tr~1t.15Uc i!lit@J'I':Jir. Jbj;,jlll)"C J:< ~w, 1.... '"Cv' :Q. Jitii~~l.mllfti'ltnX:O)J:il' ;.!U.!(-t :Q c, Jitii!lliO) f.it~O) itv' ~.&:~ J.... "C{!Mk 0)
llf.~O)f./ltnX:lli!O))..;h,t< ~ l;l:,
I iR~IC~It:Q~OCllbcf.l!-=f-7-llbJitii!l[\~O)~J: ~ t::k~v'i.l;,71!I -:;l:::':,-~f.Jlb~O)I=j:l~Ji'i!t~1t.fi"Wf:

1i!iiDij:J!l:~fT-:>f.:=*:ftlilt!$ • fRiii.IJPJrjiljj!!;f;J:,

w..

r,

~-:>t.::< fiiJ-O)it~!ikf_lll!Kvr.~-t:QcJ;."C;fJI'lv;J:t.:v'. 1/h"Cv':b~:Q "rViR~!Ilb~llf."
c ll:ilif(L' ~ :Q, f;J: :Qi.l>ffi/J~:IltJ:ICff:fET :Q ~1t.15Uc 1.... '"C l!lit~:J.i!!fJI!O)fd/#.i.l,; J!it;tt.;:v'.

& < c t l=j:l~Ji*ltr!lBO) 13*0) ~{t.1-illf0) itit~ttkJ:lll~~':Jn!t!J;Kv;J:, JRi¥i7 :/7!1!?.~~ Ht~lCT:Q,Jl,~i.l;~;:, ?. *$&']5-"Cv;l:,~J'fv;l: KIMURA et al. (1968) IC~v'~. ~f,:~{t:Pllfc J...."CJ;.t.::~il"v;J:, ~~il13*0)-=ttJ..CJ:t!J.!(-t:Qcv'?.ll.t~-cJ&tlh'"Cv':Q. :!Ei ·~~*~summarized with special emphasis on
stratigraphy and geological structure(KIMURA, T., TOKUYAMA, A., GONZALES,
B. A. & ANDAL, D. R., 1968). Marine
molluscan fossils were collected from thelower Gumaca formation of the lower
Miocene near Pitogo and the Hondagua
formation at southeast of Hondagua, andwere fowarded to the writer for paleontological study.
The fossil specimens are not well pre.
served and to some extent decalcified.
However, 36 species of gastropods andbivalves are recognized; 25 of them are
identifiable with species already known
but 11 are remained indeterminable. As
already pointed out by DICKERSON, R. E.

Introduction
In early 1966, a geological survey was
made jointly by Japanese and Philippine
geologists to contribute to the knowledgeof geology and paleontology of Southeast
Asia. The surveyed area is the Tayabas
Isthmus district in the southern part ofLuzon Island, the Philippines, where themarine Neogene sediments are distributed widely and cover the pre-Tertiary
rocks with unconformity. The ages ofthese sediments ranges from the lower
Miocene to Pleistocene. The result ob.
tained from their field survey has been
Received June 4, 1969; read Jan. 25, 1969
at the Annual Meeting of the Society.

205

Yasuhide IWASAKI

206

.. .
0

Fig. 1. Location of Pitogo and Tayabas
Isthmus district in the Philippines.

(1921), all species are either identifiable
to the living species of neighbourhoodof the Philippines or common to thefossil species of the Miocene of Java.
Some of these species or their. allied
forms such as Vicarya callosa JENKINS,
Anadara multiformis (MARTIN) and ]oannisiella cumingi (HANLEY) are found also
in a certain Japanese Neogene fauna
which has tropical type species association. Thus the Philippihe fauna, here
called the Pitogo fauna provisionally,
provides rare opportunity for comparative study. of the Japanese lower .Miocene fauna with the Philippine fauna in
species to species basis.
The discussions on paleoecology of
the Pitogo fauna may be no more thanmere general remarks because the record on species association is available
only at one locality, and the mode ofoccurrence, which is not autochthonous,
does not permit any further inference
on the association of species. Monographs of the Tertiary molluscs of Java
by MARTIN, K. (1879), those of the Gaj
Miocene of Pakistan by .VREDENBURG,
E. (1928), and discussions on biostrati-

graphy and faunal lists of the Philippine Tertiary by SMITH, W. D. (1913,
1924), DICKERSON (1921, 1922) and CORBY,
G. W. et al. (1951) are referred fully for
ecological evaluation as well as for taxonomical comparison. The knowledge
obtained from the study of the Japanese
Miocene formations such as recognitionof four assemblages in the Kadonosawatype fauna (CHINZEI, K. & IWASAKI, Y.,1967) is app1icable in all probability toassemblage analysis of the Pitogo fauna.
The species association of the Pitogo
fauna can be regarded as a mixture oftwo paleoecological elements, the Batillaria and the Anadara-Dosinia assemblages. The Ostrea assemblage may not
be found near the locality of this fauna,but the Pitogo fauna is, in conclusion,
similar in ecological and taxonomical
nature to the Japanese Kadonosawa-type
fauna. In the early Miocene age, thesame faunal province covered both theJapanese and Philippine Islands where
the molluscs consist of the similar
species association found in sedimentsin the similar environment. The Pitogo
fauna is of shallow embayment facies,
which corresponds to the coal-measurefacies of CORBY et al. (1951), and makes
a contrast with the fauna of reef orcalcareous facies.
Such species as Strombus tjilonganensis MARTIN and Oliva cf. funebralis
LAMARCK are absent or rare in the
Kadonosawa-type fauna. This difference can be regarded as geographicalwithin the province and seems to represent the difference between northern margin and near center of a faunal
distribution. Species association foundin the Miocene formation of Tanegashima Island, southern Japan, which isthe southernmost record of the Kadonosawa-type fauna, still shows a considerable difference from that of the561.

Philippine Mioc ene Mollusca

T-'itogo fauna. In fu ture, however, the·Occurrence of " Vi carya-bearing fauna"
wi ll connect the Kadonosawa -type and
the Pitogo faunas and wi ll make clear·t he · outline of geographical variations
within one faunal province.

Fossil molluscs from the lower
Gumaca· formation in the
Tayabas Isthmus districti) Gen eral remarks.
It has been we ll known that t he
Neogene molluscan fossi ls occur fromvarious lo calities in the Philippines andadjacent reg ions such as the Indonesia
and Burma. jENKI NS, H. M. (1863) reported the Tertiary, probab ly Miocene,
fossil molluscs from java. The fauna-described in the report is composed of~24
species contammg Conu s, Oliva,
Mu rex, Vi cary a a nd others. MARTI N(1879) described fossil molluscs frommany loca liti es of java and discussed
the Tertiar y strat igraph y. He proposed
more than a hundred of "species", in·cluding se veral "new species" of genera·Conu s, T ereb1'a, Strombus, Anadara , C01' .bula. Since then, voluminous monographs of molluscan fossils had been published continuall y by MARTIN (1881- 1910).
Mater ials that he treated are chiefl y of
the Neogene molluscs and other shell yfossi ls occurred from java and Sumatra·(1881- 1910) and the Philippines (1901),
these in clude more than 1,000 species.
·Contemporaneously NOETLI NG, F. (1895,
1901) described the molluscan faunas.and associated shell y remains of the
Miocene formations from Burma. His
report (1901) treated both s ystematic
descri ption s and stratigraphical zon in gs.
These were later revised by VREDENBURG (1921). SMITH, W. D. (1913) summarized the Tertiary biostrati g raphy of207t he Philippines making a correlation
with the Tertiary of Ja va, and described
approx in; atel y 60 species of gastropods
and bivalv es chiefly from the Neogene
and Pleistocene formations! SMITH (1924)
and DICKERSO ' (1922) made further discussions oh :, bi ostrati g raph y of thePhilippines: · · ~hr ee molluscan fau nas ofthe · different ages i. e. fauna of the
Miocene Vi go g roup or Batan formation ,of the Pliocene Malumbang form a tionand of the Pleistocene fo rm ations wererecognized; and the · simi lari t y ·of themolluscan faunas between the Philip pines and the Indonesia was also pointed
out. DICKERSON (1924) presented a paperon the paleog eographical change of thePhilippine Islands during the Neog ene.
HAy ASAKA, I. (1943, 1944), in his r eports
on some Neogen e molluscan fossi ls fromthe Philippin es, recorded the associateoccurrence of Anadara m ultifonnis andVicarya sp. in the Philippine Miocene.
Thus the Neogene moll uscan fossils of
the Philippines and the Indonesia had
been described and their str atigraphica lvalue had also been discussed alreadyin the late 19th and ear ly 20th centur ies.
Recentl y CORBY et al. (1951) pub li shed
the reconnaissance report on geology of
the Philippines.
Altho ugh the ma insubject of their report is description
and correlation of stratigraphy of the
Repub lic of Philippines, they summarized briefly the standard sequenceof molluscan fossi l occurrences in chronological order and made check lists
concernin g localities and range of appearance of each species.
Since Vicarya callos a had been described ori g inall y by jENKI NS from java,
its occurrence has recorded from man yother lo cal iti es in the Philippines andjapan as well as in the Indonesia, andits stratigraphical significance has also
been discussed by se vera l paleontolo-

208

Yasuhide IWASAKI

gists. Consequently, the species has
been regarded as an index fossil of thelower Miocene. MARTIN's report on thestratigraphy of Java (1879), that of thePhilippines (1901) and SMITH's reportsof the Philippine Tertiary (1913, 1924)
discussed the stratig,r_aphical occurrenceof Vicarya callosa. Sign~ficance of occurrence of V. callosa is also discussed
in the CORBY et a/'s report . According
to MARTIN, SMITH and CORBY et a!. thisspecies occurs from several Miocene
localities throughout the Philippines, i.
e. Mindanao, Cebu, Batan of Albay andnorthern Luzon.
The knowledge of the Pitogo fauna
may be fragmental and most of its
species are identifiable · to those described in the classical monographs.
However, apart from chronological discussion, the Pi togo fauna renders . aninteresting problem to the stud y of
paleoecology and of the extent of afaunal pro vince.
ii) List of fossils .
Species identified include 20 spp. ofbival ves and 16 spp. of gastropods aslisted in p. 208 and 209. Among bivalves, venerids are the most a bund ant
in sp ecies number occupy ing 7 species.
Stromboids are a bundant amon g gas tropods. In addition, the materials consistof considerable amounts of shell fragments hardly determining their tax onomic position. Corbula sp. is the mostabundant and exceeds 20 in indi vidual
numb er. Species whose indi vidual number is more than 10 are Corbula sp.,
] oannisiella cwningi, PajJhia exarata.
T ellinella vi7'gata, Gm'i ? sp., Vasti ca7'dium sp. have their indi v idual number
a round 10. Species whose indi vidual
number exceed 5 are Anadm'a multifo7'mis, Strombus tjilonganensis and Vicaryaca{losa . Dosinia sp., Katelysia hiantina,
Lutraria arcuata, Glauconome vi1'ens,

Cultellus sp., Globularia ? sp. , Apollonsp., Conu s gene1'ali s, Voluta? sp. and.
Primovula rhodia are represented byonl y a single specimen.
No corals, bryozoans, brachiopods,.
barnacles and other shelly gro ups exclusi ve of molluscs are included in the·Pitogo fauna.
Smaller foraminifers.
cannot be found in the sediments con taining the Pitogo fauna.
Collection of the specimens was madeat road side cliff along the road from
Pitogo to Gumaca, about 4 km north:from Pitog o. The outcrop is irregularalternation of sandstone and sandy mudstone of the upper part of the lower
Gumaca formation, which corresponds.
to Loc. 11-3 of KIMURA et al. (1968)..
The other locality is the path side smalL
outcrop of the Hondagua formation at
Loc. 18- 12, about 2.5 km southeast from
Hondagu a, w here Strombus cf. vittatus
and one specimen of Clementia papyracea.
were collected (see * in the list).
Bi valvia
Anadara multiformis (MARTIN)
j oannisiella cumingi (HANLEY)
Vepricardiwn multispinosum(SOWERBY )V asticardium sp.
Circe intennedia REEVE
Dosinia sp.
Paphia exarata (PHILIPPI)
Callista (Co stacallista ) eryc ina (LINNE}
Kately sia hiantina (LAMARCK)Su netta concinna DuNKER*Clementia papyracea (GRAY).Mactra antiquata SPENGLER
Lutraria arcuata R EEVE
Azorinus scheepmalleri (DUNKER)
Cultellus sp.
Glauconome virens (LINNE)
Macoma sp.
Tellin ella virgata (LINNE)
Gari ? sp.

561.

Philippine Mio cene Mollusca

Co rbula sp.
Gastropod a
Cerithidea sp.
V icarya callos a JE NKI NS
Strombus (Laevistrombus ?)tjilong an ensis MARTIN
S. cf. isabella LA JV! A l~ CK-* 5 . cf. vittalu s LINNE
Na tica cf. li neata LAMARCKGlobularia ? sp.
Primovula rhodia (A. ADAMS)
APollon sp.
Bursa· (Gyrin eum ) m argaritula(DESHAYES)
d:Vassarius crenulatu s (LI NN E).Qliva cf.'fu,nebr ali s LAMARCK
V oluta ( V olutoco7'on a) ? sp.
11 exillum s p.
·Co nus (L eptoconus) gen eralis LI NNE.C (Cl eobula ) minimu s LI NNEiii ) Taxonomical r emarks.

A nadara multifor mis (MARTI N)
Pl. 23, fig s. 6a, 6b, text -fig . 2.

Seven isolated (six left and one right )v alves are ex amined. Shell is small to
medium in s ize, thick and strongly
inflated. It appears eq uilateral and isinaeq uiva lve judging from the as y mmetry of marginal crenulation on ventral:side, Length is almost equal to height,
thus the shell form is g lobose in outline.
Beak is prominent. Hinge plate is well.developed , wide, but not very long,·shorter than shell length. Outer surface
has 24 to 27 non-bifurcated radial ribs
on which granulation is distinct at leastin left va lve.
The indi viduals, which have morphological characters mentioned above, arereferable e ither to Anadar a multifonnis.{MARTI N), A. myiiensis (NOETLING), A.

209

submultiform is (V REDEN BURG), A. ba lanensis (HAYASAKA) or even to some otherli ving species. A. multif onnis is named
on . a Neogene fossil occurred from java.
The species is characterized by g lobose
and considerably variable shell form;
often associated with shallow sea fauna
like the P i togo. A. my(jensis was described from the ivlioc.ene of Burma . A .
submultifonnis was known from the Gaj
Miocene of Pak istan and the Miocene
formation of Burma. The species ischaracteri zed by more or less lon g itudinally elongated shell form. A. batan ensis was reported from the Miocene
formation of Bata n Island , Alba y, thePhilippines. This species is associatedwith A. multifonnis , fl. subm ultifonnis
and A. bat anensis were morphologicallydistinguished from A. multifonnis by
the original authors.
However, theirshell forms resemble well with one another and the discrimination is often
difficult owing to the overlapping naturein shell morphology, for examp le, sh elloutline, number of radial ribs, ornamentation on shell surface etc. Further,
their ecological characteristics including
faunal association are closely simi larwith one another. In general, Anadara
species having s uch a globose shell
show considerable morphological variation probably due to the en v ironm ental
modification . The Neogene shallow marine associat ion s with V icarya s pecies
frequentl y include such a g lobose form
as fl . m ultiform is in · the Indonesia ,Philippines and adjacent regions .
Three li v ing species, A. ·rho mbea (BORN),
A . pilula (REEVE) and A. sabina e IREDALE,
vvhich occur also from the Pliocene ·andPleistocene formation of the Philippines
and adjacent areas, are rhorpho log icall ysimilar to A . multifonnis. However, they
are diff'erent in such ecological characters as biogeographicaf distribution andYas~~hide

210

I WASAKI

27.
D (Left) ; 27.9, 28.4, 14.7, 26. E:(Left) ; 27.8, 28.3, 13.1, 24ca. F (Left) ;22.1, 22.6, 11.5, 25. G (Ri g ht) ; 23.4, 22.1,.
11.6, 26 .

.foannisiella cumingi . (HANLEY )Pl. 23, fig. 4.

Fi g. 2.

Anadara multifonnis ( M ART I N)
x 3;5 .

after M r\RTI N , 1879

faunal association. Habitat of Jl. multijonni s appears to be similar to that of
the li vin g A. grano sa (LINNE). In conclusion, the specimens concerned areassigned temporary to f l. multifonnis
which includes the similar fossil "species " mentioned above, rather than torecent Jl. rhombeo, A. pilula or Jl.
sabinae. Further examination, however,may demonstrate the close relationshipbetween Jl. pilula, A. rhombea and Jl.
multifonnis .
A similar case can be seen in the relations among the following Japanese"species ": A. daitolzudo ensis (MAKIYAMA ), A . lwlw hataensis HATAI & NrsrYAMA, A. lwrosedaniensis HAT AI &NISI YAMA, A . ta/wyamai NODA and A.
yatsu.oensis NODA. Vicarya-Anadara fossil association is also found in theJapanese lower Miocene.
Here ·again
the Anadara species is called such various names as mentioned above. Shellform of the Philippine Anadm-a multifonn is is different slightly ffom theJapanese Anadara daitolwdoensis in shellmorphology, but the two species or species groups are considered to be quite
similar in ecological .characters.
Measurements in mm.-A (-Left) ; 30.0
(leng th), 29.8 (height ), 14.4 (depth), 25ca
(number of radial ribs). B (Left) ; 27.5,
27.0, 14.0; 27. C (Left)·; 26.8, 30.0, 15.3,

More than 11 specimens are exa mined,.
most of the m are inner mold . Ten specimens are bival ved. Shell is thin , stronly
inflated, and nea rly round in its outline ..
Posterod orsal ma r g in is stra ig ht frombeak, and bents with obtuse angle atposterior end. Lunule is absent. Beakis prominent and antero-dorsal margin.
is concaved markedly in front of beak.
Ventral margin is round . Shell surface
has no prominent sculpture except weakg rowt h striations. Hinge plate is narrow,cardinal teeth is not stout. ··.
The specimens at hand are identifiable easily with .foannisiella cumingi(HA NLEY) or its a llied species. f. cumingi
is li vin g in the southeast Asia and Japan and is also f ound as fossils in the
Neogene and Quaternary sediments. The
difference between the present specimens and the fossil and recent f. cumingi
from japan can be found in the. followin g characteristics: Large size in adult;
strongl y inflated shell; stron g ' convexityof postero-dorsal margin.
T he · formcharacterized by the above mentioned
features is differentiated occ asionallyf rom .f. cumingi and is assigned , to ·such
different speci es as .f. oblonga ·cH·ANLEY )or .f. alata (ADAMS & REEVE) ... or J.
semiasperoides NOMURA. However, ·thesemorphological differences among ··four
speci es seem to be not essential. Unlike
Anadam multifonnis, variations of shellform cover much · smaller range :> in.f. cumingi, .f. oblonga, .f. alata or iri. ].
semiasperoides. However, a considerabie

561.

Philippine Miocene Mollusca

morphological variation is detectable in
the present specimens. Actually it is,therefore, difficult to assign the present
specimens to one of these four " species". ]. cumingi in the sense applied
here includes four" species",]. cumingi,]. oblonga, ]. alata and ]. semiasperoides.
Morphological variation of fossil ].
cumingi from the Miocene Miyazakigroup of the southern Kyushu was discussed by SHUTO (1957b). It shows considerable variation in shell morphology.
]. cumingi from Pitogo have more convex shell form than that from Miyazaki, but the range of variation is muchsmaller.
Recent form of ]. cumingi from thePhilippines is large and inflated in comparison with the Japanese forms. Thereis a tendency that the species becomesconsistently small and flat in shell form
northwardly throughout the Miocene
and the recent.
Cytherea (Callista) everwijni describedby MARTIN (1883) from the Neogene ofJava is, regarded as the same species
with ]. cumingi.
Measurements in mm.-A. (Right &Left); 27.2 (length), 23.6 (height), 17.4
(depth bivaled). B (R & L); 32.9, 29.0,
21.5. C (R & L); 25.4, 21.6, 16.8. D (R& L); 27.2, 22.5, 18.5ca. E (R & L); 28.9,
25.3, 21.0. F (R & L); 26.0, 22.5, 17.7. G(R & L); 22.9, 19.3, 14.9. H (R & L) ;27.4, 23.6, 17.5. I (R & L); 26.9, 23.0, 19.1.
J (R & L); 22.6, 21.1, 17.5. K (Right);
26.1, 24.5, ?.
Paphia exarata (PHILIPPI)
Pl. 23, figs. 14, 15.

Nine specimens are examined. Fourof them are bivalved. They are innermold, and therefore surfac~ ornamentations and hinges are observed on silicon211

rubber cast. Shell is small in size,
elongated oval in outline and inflated
in comparison with other species of Paphia. Test is thin. Anterior margin issmoothly rounded and ventral margin isbroadly arcuate. Shell surface is ornamented with fine and regularly spaced
concentric striations. Striations. are notundulated. They are, in general, indistinct in umbonal area. Lunule is. present
but no escutcheon is observed. Pallial
sinus is moderately deep.
This species is smaller in size andfiner in surface sculpture than most living spedes of Pap~ia from the northwestern Pacific except for P. exarata(PHILIPPI). However, several fossil spe~cie~, such as P. protolirata (NOETLING),
P. pseudoliratus (VREDENBURG), P. exilis
SHUTO, P. grata tsumaensis SHUTO ftnd
P. suzuensis MASUDA, have small shellin adult and fine concentric ribs without
weak undulations. SHUTO (1957a, c, 1961)
noted on P. exilis a wide range of variation in size and in surface ornamentation. Several subspecies was proposed
based on the differences of shell outline,
and of surface ornamentation. Sizevariation of the present specimens issmall and falls in the domain of SHUTO's
P. exilis exilis, P. exilis takaokaensis and
P. grata tsuma.ensis. However, the sP,ellornamentation of the pr~sent specimens
is similar to that of P. exilis abbreviata
and P. grata tsum0:ensis, but closest tothat of P. exarata and P. lirata (PHILIPPI).
P. lir,ata is. a living species of the southeast Asia. P. protolirata, P. pseudoliratus, P. grata tsumaensis, P. exilis andP. suzuensis are the same at least in
shell morphology with P. exarata · andP. lirata .. P. lirata was proposed originally for an .intermediate form between
P. exarata and P. amabilis (PHILIPPI) in
shell size and in distinctness of concentric ornamentation.. Tbe present sped-Yas~~hide IWASAKI

212

mens are identified tempOrary to P.
exarata . P. suzuensis described by MASUDA (1966) from the Miocene HigashiInnai formation is in all probability toconspecific with the present species.
The differences among ' the above mentioned species are found only in theirstratigraphical horizons and geographical distributions .'·Both Cytherea lilacina LAMARCK illustrated by MAkTIN (1883) from Sumatra
and P. textrix· DESHAYES illustrated by
DICKERSON (1922, pl. 7) of the V igo fauna
will be . conspecific vvith the . present
species.
Measureme nts in mm.- A (Right &Left) ; 42.6 (length), 26.5 (hei g ht), 17.1
{depth bi valved). B (R & L ) ; 32.1, 20.5,
12.9. C (R & L) ; 33.6, 20.0, 12.5 D (Left ) ;32.0, .18.4, ?. E (Right) ; 33.8, 20.4, ?. F
(R & L) ; 30.3, 19), 10.3. G (Right) ; 30.0,
i8.5, ?. H (Right) ; 41.1, 24.2, ?. I (Left ) ;32.5, 20.5, ?.

guished from C. erycina solely by its
small shell size. Therefore, three small
specimens could be identified to C. phasianella. Howeve r, there is no definite
reason to identify small specimens with
C. phasiim.ella and large one w ith C.
erycina. These four specimens are thus
regarded as members of one species C.
erycina.
Cythe1'ea ventricola and C.
macra described by MARTIN (1880) from
the Miocene of java are In all probability con'specific with Calli sta erycina.
Venus sum atrCl1ta and V. astartaefonnis
described also by MARTIN (1883) from
Sumatra are possibly the same w ith thisspecies.
Measurements .in 111m.- A (Left ) ; 41(leng th), 29 (height), 7.5ca (depth). B(Left ) ; 14.5, 10.3, ?. C (Ri g ht) ; 12, 9.5,
2. D (Rig ht) ; 15ca, 10.5, 3.5.

Sunetta co ncmna DUNKER
Pl. 23, fi :s . 9.

Callista (Costacallista ) erycina (LI NNE)
Pl. 23 , fi g s. 1, 8.

Four specimens are . collected.
All
except one sp ecimen are very small insize. Shell is oval shaped and is not
thick.
Anterior margin is regularlyrounded and posterior margin is sharpl yrounded. Beak is pointed . Lunule isdistinctive. Shell surface is ornamented
with roughly spaced concentric grooves.
Hinge teeth are Callista- Pilar t y pe.
Ventral margin is not cren ulated. One
inner moid specimen is medium sized,
41 mm in length. This is much larger
than the rest.
Shell form and surface sculpture of
the 'pr:esent species are very much likethose of Calli sta erycina (LI NNE). Thereis, however: . another ailied species C.
phasianella (DESHA YES) which is distin-

One biva lved specimen and an innermold of right valve are at hand . Shellis small sized, oval in shape and notstrongly inflated. Test is rather thin.
Beak is pointed at slightly anterior tothe middle of dorsal margin.
Shellsurface is smooth with no distinct sculpture. There is no lunule but escutcheon
is prominent. Hinge plate is narrow,cardinal teeth is distinct. Pallial sinus
is shallow. Inner ventral margin cannot
be obser ved exactly . Stout marginal
crenulations seems to be absent.
The present species can be identified
w ith Sunetta concinna DUNKER in shell
outline especially by well developed
escutcheon. S . so landerii (GRAY ) is different from S. con:cinna in havin g stout
marginal crenulations.
S. menstrua/is(MENKE) has ~ound and flat shell outline,
and, therefore, can be discriminated561.

Philippine Miocene Moll~~scafrom this species. S. ovalis MARTIN is
another close species, which is likely to
be conspecific with S. con cinna.
i\tfeasurem ents in m m.- A (Right &Left) ; 25.2 (l ength), 18.6 (height ). B
(Right ) ; 25.8, 19.8.

Cl ementia papyrqcea (GRAY)
Pl. 23, fi g . 5.

Two Specimens of medium size are
examined. One occurred from Loc. 113 iii association with most of otherspecies, and the other bivalved specimen
occurred from Loc. 17- 12 in the Hondagua formation. The Honda g ua specimen which consists of outer cast andinner mold is preser ved comparatively
well. It is characterized by remarkableconcentric undulation of shell surface.
This undulation is well developed in
its adult stage. The former specimen
f rom the ldwer Gumaca formation isa left valve s li ght ly deformed. Undulation of shell surface is found in its
younger stage. · Outline is elongate-ovalin shape and inflated wel l. Test is thin,
Postero-dorsal margin is straight. BE!ak
is prominent. These features of shellform easi ly permit to identify the present specimens to Clementia papyracea(GR AY).
JV!easw'em ents in mm .- Hondagua specimen; 41.0 (lehgth ), 31.5 (height), 10.5
(depth bi val ved ). Gumaca specim en;
40ca, 29.5, 7.0 (Left v alve).

Mactra antiquala SPENGLER
Pl. 23 , fig . 7.

Three spec im ens are examined. Shellis sub-equilateral, medium size, thin andcompressed triangu1ar in lateral outline.
Beak 'is nearly orthogyrous, pointed at

21 3

middle part of dorsal margin. Shell is
we ll inflated, its anterior and posterior
ends are arched narrowl y. Surface issmooth near beak without an y distinct
scu lpture; but .is slightl y undula ted concentrically in ventra l area. Hin g e is, atleast, mactrid t y pe, but its definite scu lpture is unknown.
The present species has a she ll outlin eclose to J\!Ia ct-rct (Co elomactra ) antiqu ata
SF' ENGLER. It is vH'y difficult to discriminate M. adan so ni PHILI PPI, M. cumingi
REEVE and M. contrm'ia REEVE from thepresent species· especia ll y in the case offossi ls. Based on·sudace ornam entatronand shell si;z e, however, the present form
may be rega1 i:l ed ·as young shell of M .
antiqiwta. ·· ····.u: 1' •M easureme'nts in m m.- A (Left) ; 38(length), 28 (height), 9 (depth). · B (Right) ;30ca, 19ca, 8.5. C (Left ) ; 33, 25.5, 9.5.

Lutraria arcuata REEVE
Pl. 23, fig . 12.

On ly one specimen -is avai lab le forstudy. Shell surface is slightly dissolved.
Laterally elongate outline is characteristic. ·Shell is somewhat swollen and not
thick. Beak is situated at anterior onefourth of the length. Maximum she llheight is measured at posterior one-thii-dof the length. Postero-dorsal margin isneari y straight or slightly concaved.
Shell surface is nearly smooth but · fineconcentric striation is observable. Innersurface and detail of hinge plate are
not observed.
The present specimen is identifiable
Lutra;'ia arcu dla REEV E by its shell
outline. L. sieboldi REEVE and L. ma xim a
jONAS differ s li ghtly in shell size andoutline.
Comparab le species in shell
outline· may a ls·o be find in g enera
Ph axus and Cultellu s.

Yasuhide IWASAKI214

Measurements in mm.- Right;(length), 28 (height), 6.5 (depth).

60

Tellinella virgata (LINNE)

present species and Burmese T. foliaceaof NOETLING's sense.
Measurements in mm.-Right; 56(length), 31.5 (height), 5ca (depth), illustrated specimen.

Pl. 23, fig. 16.

Several specimens are examined. Mostof them are outer cast or inner moldand are incomplete fragments. Shell is
medium in size, elongated oval in shape.
Test is not thick. Anterior end of shellis rounded while posterior end is· curved
sharply. Beak is situated at slightly
anterior to the middle. Posterior end
bends right-ward slightly .. ~hell surface
is ornamented with moder!J.tely spaced
concentric rib which becomes sometimes
platy. A weak ridge runs from beak toposterior end_ Observable on innersurface are the cardinal teeth and aweak impression which corresponds to
the ridge observed on outer surface.
Depth of pallial sinus cannot be confirmed. Cardinal teeth is small, weak ; twopieces are found in right valve. Bothanterior and posterior lateral teeth are
distinct in right valve. Ligamenta! plateis short and narrow.
The present species is, no doubt, atellinid, and is most likely to be conspecific with Tellinella virgata (LINNE),
although recent form has more roundshell outline, that is, short in length.
Outline of cardinal teeth and surface
ornamentation coincide well with thoseof T. virgata. i\1/acoma sp. which occurs
associated with the present species hasa shell form somewhat similar to T.
virgata, but the differences can be foundin shell outline and surface sculpture.
Tellina (Phylloda) foliacea REEVE reported from the Miocene of Burma by
NOETLING (1901) is so similar in outline
to the present species that it is difficult
to di~t.inguish the difference 'between theVicarya callosa jENKINS
Pl. 23, fig. 17.

Five incomplete specimens are examined. All specimens are broken in
their apical and basal ends. They aresmall in size. Shell form is elongatedconispiral with small apical angle, 27 to33•. Number of spires are estimatedat nine to 13 in complete specimens.
Strong tubercles, eight to ten on one
whorl, arrange close to upper suture.
They become weaker adaptically. Tworows of spiral striae are present. Upperrow corresponds with a row of tubercles,
and runs connecting the tip of tubercles.
The other row runs at middle of upperand lower sutures. A weak spiral ridge
runs just below the lower striae. Weakand fine striations on shell surface areprosoclinal in the upper half and opisthoclinal in the lower half of a whorl.
These specimens are identical withVicarya callosa JENKINS, a species which
is well known from the upper Paleogene
to lower Neogene formations of southeast Asia and Japan. Difference of thisspecies from V. callosa semperi describedfrom the Philippines by MARTIN (1901)
and SMITH (1913) in having strong tubercles and flattened whorl is hardly discernible.
In japan, several endemic"species" and "subspecies" have beenreported by T AKEY AMA (1933), Y ABE &HA TAl (1938) and KAMADA (1960). Discrimination among these species has
been made by the slightest differencein shape of cone or in surface ornamentation.· Morphological differences

561.

PhiliJJpine Miocene Mollusca

amon g the Japanese "species" seem tobe not significant. It is said that atleast t wo species, V . callosa japonica
Y ABE & HATAI and V. verneuili yo lw yamai TAKEYAMA exist in the Japanese
Miocene. The present species is closer
in shell form and surface ornamentation
to V . callo sa from the t y pe loc a lity in
Ja va, than that f rom Japan.
V . callosa occurs commonly from thelower Miocene coal-measure hori zon of
the Phili pp ines, i. e., th e Batan formationof SMITH (1913) or the Vigo gro,up of
DICKERSO N (1921). Several locali ties are
kno wn as follows : The Cagayan andIfgao districts of northern Lu zon, theBatangas district of central Luzon,
Bondoc Peninsula, Batan Island of Albay,
eastern side of C ebu Island and the
Zamboanga district of Mindanao Island .
Measurements in mm.-A ; 57.5 (90)(shell heig ht), 27.7 (36) (max imum diameter), 2r (apical angle). B; 60.6 (80),215

remarkable tubercles on shoulder of shellsurface. Color pattern is not preserved.
The present species is most likely to
be included in subgenus Laevistrombus
or Labiostrombus, because of its similarshell morphology . Medium sized shell,
row of tubercles on shoulder and simple
outer lip characterize this species, andare identical with those of Strombus
tjilonganensis MARTIN, a fossil species
described from Java (T ext-fi g. 3). Other
morpholog ical , ch.a racters appeared in
the origin al <·description coincide fairly
we ll with those: of the Philippine specimens. There ' . are no morpholog icall ycomparable recent species li v ing in thesoutheast Asia . Mode of volutions ob-

31.2 (34), 33 °. c ; 37.7 (58), 19.8 (24), 28 °.
D ; 45.5 (86), 24.6 (34), 28 o. ( ) : Estimateddimens.ions.
Strombus (Laevistrombus ?)F i g . 3.

Slrombus tji longanensis M A ilTJ P:
1879 x 3;5.

aft~r M A ilTJ N ,tjilonganen sis MARTIN
P l. 23, fig s . 2, 3; text-fig. 3

F ive specimens are examined. Shellis strombiform w ith ver y thi ck test.
Six spires are obser va ble in two comparati ve ly well preser ved . specimens.
Base of shell is slightly arcuated. Aperture is compressed laterall y. Outer lip
is flared but not so . prominent as thoseof L ambis and E~tstrombus. .Test ofouter li p is thickened extraordinally.
Striations a re not present on innersurface of the outer lip. Stromboidal
notch exists near adapical end of theouter .lip.. Anterior siphonal canal bents
obtusel y. Each w hor l has nine to 11

Fig . 4. Axial sec tion of Slron'!bu s
tjilonganensis . M Al~ TJ N .

Yasuhide IWASAKI

216

served in axial section of this species
resembles that seen in S. isabella
LAMARCK (Text-fig. 4).
Measurements in mm.- A; 42ca (shellheight), 35:0 (apertural height), 31.5
(maximum . diameter). B; 39.0, 31.5, 26.5.
C; 35ca, 27.5, 25.5. D; 37.0, 29.5, 25ca.
E; 35ca, 29.0, 22ca.

Strombus d. isabella LAM ARC.K.

!.

Two · incomplete : specimens. . · a:r e athand: Test is thick, but,lthe · surface isdissolved away. Onl y ca:sts and molds
are at our disposal. ShelP is ·small andslender in its outline in cbn'lpari'son ·withthat of the former specie's: Spire i'srather hi gh. Shoulder is round distinctivel y. Suture line is di stinct and anarrow band runs along adapical marginof whorl. Siphonal canal is not obser vable. Outer lip is well developed and islacking spines or tubercles. Adapicalend of outer lip overlaps to adapicalsuture · of the spire. No striation orornament is found inside of the lip.
Shell surfa:t e is smooth and no tubercles
are found.
Specimens at hand are characterized
by small size, and lack of spines andtubercles on shell surface. Above mentioned morphologicar characters are
similar to but not completel y coincidewith those of the re~e~1t specimens of
S. isabella LAMARck in having rather
slender form an.a ' small~r size. Fossil
specimens des~ribe9 by MARti N (1879)
as S. isabella · ~re v:ery 'c lose. to the present form . M A RTIN '~ S. i sabella var.
thersites and its allied form, S. varinginensis, ha ve a 'certain r~semblance tothe specimens at hand in having slendershell form and high s pire. There remains some doubt in identification of
the present· form to S. isabella, but
o verall sh ::! ll outline is comparable withthat of S. is abella especially of its fossil fonn. The present specimens haveclose morphological resemblances to ·S.
canarium LI NN E illustrated by DICKERSO N(1922, pl. 5), but the DICK ERSON' S 5.
canarium is more slender in ha v ing highspire.
1\lfeasw·ements in mm.-A (6 spires) ;34.0 (shell height), 23:5 (apertura l height),
20ca (max imum diameter). B (5 spires) ;33.0, 21.5, 18.0.

. I''"·. ! , . . .
.
fl;tji'Sa (Gyrineum ) margaritula·, ,(DESHAYES )P l. 23, fig . 15.

Two specimens · are examined, but
one of them has some doubt in species
identification. Shell is small in size,
rather thin and fragile. General outline
is compressed fusiform . Whorls are
five in number and hig h. Shoulder isprominently arcuated. Surface is ornamented with many spiral ribs especiallyat lower half of whorl. There is a rowof tubercles on the peripher y of bod ywhorl, eight tubercles in one whorls.
Another more or less indistinct row ofnodes which are smaller than tubercles
is found below periphery. Two varices
can be observed on the bod y whorl.
They are wide and well developed. One
is located' at opposite side of the other.
Anterior canal bents slightl y. Detailsof aperture and posterior can a l are notobservable.
· The preserit specimens are regarded
as young individuals of Bursa , judging
from shell size and development ofvari x. They . bear a certain resemblance
to Bu1'Sa r ana (LI NNE), B. margaritwla(DESH AYES) and "R anella nobilis REEVE"of MARTIN (1889).. MARTI N (1899) descri·bed also B ; margaritula as R. margaritula. Difference between R . mar-

561.

Philippine Jl1iocene Moll~~scagaritula and "R. nobilis " is represented
by number of spiral ribs, which is difficult to count in the ill preserved spe·cimens. Surface ornamentation of fossil
and recent B. margaritula is, in spiteof their slender shell outline, similar tothat found on the present specimens.
B. rana has prominent tubercles on its
varix.
Mea sw -ements in mm.-A; 31ca (shell
hei g ht), 18.0 (maximum diameter). B;
22.5, 13.5.
Oliva cf. funebrali s L AMARCK
Pl. 23, fig. 10.

Four ill preserved specimens are a t
ha nd. They are oli vid gastropods withrelatively high spiral slope and narrowbasal inductula and are sm a ll in shellsi ze. Four to five whorls are obser ved.
Apex is projected. The color pa tternwhich is useful for identification ofali v id gastropods is not preserved.
The outline resembles that found in
Oliva funebralis L AMARCK. Hi g h spireand basal inductula su ggest alliance ofthe present specimens w ith 0. annulata
GMELIN and 0. episcopalis LAMARCK.
Absence of color pattern does not permit
definit e species identification. 0. Junebra/is illustra ted by MARTI N (1895) fromJava differs considerably from the present specimens in shell outline.
Mea surements in mm .-A; 23.0 (shellheig ht), 19.5 (apertural heig ht), 10.0
(maximum diameter). B; 20.5, 17.5, 10.5.
C; 17.5, 15.5, 8.0. D ; ?, ?, ?.

: prominent apex, columella foldings andheavy test are still remained for examination. The present specimen bears.
similar shell outline to that found in
11 oluta scapha va r . ponderosa describedby MARTI N (1885) from the Neogene ofJava, but is too incomplete to be identified with this species.

Conu s (Cleobula ) minimus LI NNE
Pl. 23 , fig. 11.

Five specimens are at hand. Besidethe shell outline, section throug h axial
plane is examined in one specimen (Textfig . 5). Shell is rather small and coneshaped not so t a ll. Test is thick. Sideis convex slightly. Spire is low andspiral side is elevated slightly toward
apex. Apex is projected abruptly andpointed. Suture is smooth. Shoulder isrounded smoothly. Several faint spiralstriations are found near base. A pertureis narrow. In axia l section, test appears
to be thick , a nd heavy in its outer part,.
but columella is com parati vely slender.
Secondary callus is well de ve loped inparietal r egion , thus w horls of y oungstage are completely filled with shellmateri a l. Protoconch is not observable.
Color pattern on shell surface w hich is.

Voluta ( Volutocorona ) ? sp.
A fairly heavy coniformed shell isfound . Preservation is incomplete andbody whorl is broken. Howeve r, characteristic features of 11 oluta such as

217

Fig. 5.

Ax ia l sect ion of Conus
minims Li N NE .

Yastthide IWASAKI ·218

a significant key ·for specific identifica"tion of conid gastropods is not preservedin fossil sp·ecimens at hand.
If one disregards i:he color pattern,
the present specimens are identifiablewith Conus betulina LINNE or C. minimus
LINNE because they have similar shellform especially in spiral slope andround shoulder. Profile through axial
plane also suggests the same conclusion.
Only a reason why the present form is·
identified with C. minimus is the difference in size. C. minimus is smaller ingeneral than C. betulina. C. striatellus
JENKINS of MARTIN (1879) and C. glaucus
LINNE of MARTIN (1895), both from. java
also have shell outline which is close to
C. minimus. C. loroisii KIENER illustratedby DICKERSON (1922, pl. 2) is closely
similar to the present species. Further,
the faunal association of C. loroisii listedby DICKERSON is very close to the association of the present species.
Measurements in mm.-A; 35.5 (shellheight), 24.2 (maximum diameter). B;
40.3, 28.5. c ; 32.5, 22.5.

Geological outline

The Tayabas Isthmus district, a narrow land extending from east to west
with width of less than 15 km, is locatedat ·the southern part of Luzon Island,and connects the northern main partof Luzon with the southern volcano-richregion. Topographically the district isa low land consisting of the widely distributed Neogene and Quaternary sediments. Strikes of strata and trends offolding axes are .approximately parallelto the extension trend of the Isthmus.
Stratigraphically~· .these Neogene marine and non-marine sediments overlies
the pre-Tertiary metamorphic complex.
There are no coverings of Quaternary

volcanic deposits,· that are widely · developed in the middle to southern regionof Luzon Island. Stratigraphy surrounding fossil localities is as follows according to KIMURA et al. (1968) :f Hondagua formation
MioceneGumaca formationl.Upper
Lower Gumaca formation
Basement complex

The basement complex is composedof older metamorphic rocks, and younger
non-metamorphosed effusive rocks, sandstone and cherts, latter of which .arethought to be the Cretaceous in age.
The lower Gumaca formation covers
unconformably the basement and consists of sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate, limestone and tuff. The lower
part of the succession is siliceous andfine, but the upper part becomes coarser.
Tuffaceous sediments and andesite lava
are found in the middle part. The
Eulepidina bearing reef limestone characterized by dominance of corals is adistinct horizon marker of the middle
part. Fine sandstone which contains
molluscan fossils at the Locality 11-3 isupper in horizon than the Eulepidina
limestone. The upper part is rich incoarse sediments and coal seams. This
formation is widely distributed in the
Tayabas Isthmus district, and is characterized by frequent lateral changes oflithological facies and total thickness.
The Nephrolepidia limestone and calcareous sediments laying unconformably
over the lower Gumaca formation are
generally called the upper Gumaca formation. The formation is distributed
along the synclinal axis of the Isthmus,·and runs almost parallel to the middle
zone of the district.
The Hondagua formation is distributedin the eastern· area of the district. A

561.

Philippine Miocene Mollusca

fault running in northwest to southeast
direction which is main trend of thePhilippine fault zone separates the areaof the Hondagua formation from that ofunderlying formations. The lower partis characterized by conglomerate, sandstone and siltstone, while tuffaceous
beds and clean sands characterize theupper part. In the middle part, shell
beds are intercalated. The second fossil
locality of this report, the Locality 1712 of KIMURA et al. (1968), is in the
middle part.
The Neogene formations, especiallythe lower Gumaca formation, are gently
undulated into a syncline and an anticline. At the western area, the middle
part of the lower Gumaca formation,
the Eulepidina limestone, is not undulated, on the other hand, at the easternside, even the overlying Hondagua formation is involved in gentle folding.
In this report, the stratigraphical divisions and the formational names are
adopted from those of KIMURA et al.
There is, however, at least anotherstratigraphical divisions proposed by
CORBY et al. (1951). CORBY et al.'s study
on stratigraphy and on oil possibilities
covers whole areas of the Republic of
Philippines. The stratigraphical divisionof the Tayabas Isthmus district as appeared in CORBY et al.'s report is to acertain extent different from that of
KIMURA et al.

Miocenef-~l~
Tayabas coalmeasure
Basement complex

The Tayabas coalmeasure is composed
chiefly of carbonaceous sand, silt, blackshales and limestone layers. Well-preserved molluscan shells found from thishorizon are of marine origin. The Ala-

219

neros conglomerate is composed ofcoarse sand, conglomerate and large
amount of clay and silt with sedimentsof volcanic origin. · Most part of theformation is considered to be nonmarine origin and marine shell fossils
are scarcely found. Hondagua silt consists of bedded gray silt intercalatingwith massive sandstone.
The columnar sections presented by
KIMURA et al. and CORBY et al. do notcorrespond exactly to each other becauseof the different interpretation on thegeological structure of the district. KIMURA et al.'s lower Gumaca formation
includes most of the non-calcareous
facies and Eulepidina limestone of CORBY
et al.'s Tayabas coalmeasure and Aloneros conglomerate. KIMURA et al.'s upper
Gumaca formation which is characterized by the Nephrolepidina limestone
seems to be equivalent to several limestones of the Tayabas coalmeasure of
CORBY et al. Upper silty part of the
Hondagua formation of KIMURA et al.
may correspond to the Hondagua silt.
According to CORBY et al., occurrenceof the larger foraminifers in the Philippines usually indicates W stage of theletter classification.
Lepidocyclina ineluding Nephrolepidina and Eulepidina,or Miogypsina characterizes the calcareous member of the limestone-coalmeasurefacies of the upper W stage. Vicaryacallosa is said to occur from the coalmeasure facies, and is characteristic in
calcareous member of the late Paleogene
to the early Neogene .in the Philippines
as well as in the Indonesia. Thus thelower Gumaca formation which yields
the Pitogo fauna is likely to be older
Miocene in age, corresponding to upper
W and/or lower X, and the age of the
Hondagua formation is younger Miocene
corresponding to the upper X and/or Yof the Philippine's letter classification.

_220

Yasuhide IWASAKIIn his descriptions of generalized
stratigraphy of the Philippines, SMITH(1924) classified the Miocene sedimentary
succession into the Batan formation,_theVigo shale and Canguinsa sandstone inascending order. These formations are
distributed widely in northern to. southern Luzon, Batan of Albay, Cebu andMindanao Islands. The Batan formation
is a coal-measure consisting of grayshale, sandstone and coal seams, andoccupies generally the basal part of the
thick Neogene succession. This formation is considered to be deposited innear shore to brackish environment,
thus accompanied with Vicarya callosa,
Vermetus javanus MARTIN, Corbula sp.
and other molluscan fossils. Limestonefacies of the formation yields Lepidocyclina sp. The overlying Vigo shale
is composed chiefly of thick shale which
also yields molluscan fossils such as
Conus ornatissimus MARTIN and Cerithium jenlzinsi MARTIN.
The lower Gumaca formation, at least
molluscan bearing sandstone and siltstone alternation, seems to be equivalent
to the SMITH's Batan fo rmation and therest of the formation are probably to apart of the Vigo shale.
KIMURA et al. discussed briefly the
paleogeography or sedimentary environment of the Neogene formations basedon lateral and vertical changes of lithofacies. Their conclusion is that the
sedimentary basin of the lower Gumaca
formation had been reduced especiallyin later stage into an embayment of thesouthern area whereas the brackish to
non-marine environment dominates in
the northern area. The Honclagua formation, at least its upper part, depositedin shallow embayment near littoral zone.
In the study of the Philippine Tertiary,
DICKERSON (1924) presented the paleogeographical map of the Philippines

during the Miocene Vigo stage. A
narrow land extends north to south
covering an area to the east of the
Tayabas Isthmus district of Luzon Islandand the eastern part of Mindanao Island.
The other two islands were situated, one
at an area to the west of Luzon Islandand the other at an area extending from
Marinduque to Panay Islands. Thus,
the Philippines were an archipelago in
the Vigo stage. The Tayabas Isthmus,
especially neighbourhood of Pitogo, occupied a part of inland seas.

Notes on occurrence of the
Pitogo fauna
The large outcrop of Loc. 11-3 consistsof steeply dipped a lternation of sandstone and siltstone which belongs to theupper part of the lower Gumaca formation. Two layers yielding fossils arefound on the outcrop. The upper layer
is found in the sandstone and the layer
itself consists also of weathered, brownish, loose, clayey, fine sandstone of 10 em
thick. Aggregate occurrence of shellfragments, broken gastropods and disarticulated valves, and the small size ofthe shell characterize the upper layer.
Among Corbula sp., Gari ? sp., Ci1·ce
intennedia, Oliva cf. funeb1·alis, Apollonsp., Vep1·icardium multispinosum, Bursa
margaritula, Callista erycina, Conus generalis and others, wh ich are found in
the upper layer, C01·bula sp. is the mostab undant.
Non-fossilifero us massive
sandy mudstone of about 1m in thickness estranges the two fossil layers.
The lower layer consists of clarkbrownish, hard, calcareous fine sandstone. Calcareous material has beenleached from molluscan shells. Shellremains and thei r fragments are large
in size compared with those of the561.

Philippine Miocene Mollusca

upper layer.
Species contained are
Vicarya callosa, Strombus tjilonganensis,
S. cf. isabella, Conus minimus, Anadaramultiformis, ]oannisiella cumingi, Paphia
exarata, Clementia papyracea, Lutraria
arcuata, Vasticardium sp., Tellinella virgala and others. Fossils of the upper
and the lower layers are in general ill
preserved. In some specimens shellmaterials have been leached away entirely, thus only their external casts orinternal molds are available for study.
Shell carbonate, originally aragonite,
has been altered into calcite. Thus
quite often, the original shell structure
is not preserved.
Except for a few examples, bivalved
shell and gastropod with well preserved
aperture are found scarcely in the upper
and the lower layers. In exceptionalcase, 10 of 14 individuals of ]oannisiellacumingi, and four out of 9 individuals
of Paphia exarata are found in intact
bivalve. No appreciable amount of wornout can be detectable either on theirshell surfaces or on external impressions.
Aperture or apex of most gastropods
are not preserved, except for Strombus
tjilonganensis, whose surface sculpture,apex or base are often preserved completely.
Species composition of both layers aredifferent slightly from each other. The
upper layer is characterized by clusteredoccurrence of Corbula sp., whereas thelower layer is characterized by theVicarya- Anadara association. Corbulasp., Sunetta concinna, Callista erycina,
Vasticardium sp. and Nassarius crenulatus are common in both layers. Most
individuals of both the upper and thelower layers seem to be transported
from a distance. However, ]oannisiellacumingi, Paphia exarata and probably
Strombus tjilonganensis of the lower
layer are considered to be autochthonous221

or if transported the distance shortfrom the habitat. Thus, the assemblage
found in the lower layer is probably a
mixture of two different associations.
V. callosa, A. multiformis and Corbula
sp. are transported to some distancefrom their habitat and are deposited on
the muddy sand bottom of sublittoralzone where the substratum has been
settled by ]. cumingi, P. exarata and S.
tjilonganensis.
Paleogeographically, the site of Loc.
11-3 is estimated to be an interior of ashallow embayment, which opens southeastward, and is surrounded by aswampy area. Alternation of sandstone
and mudstone with thin coal seams
indicates oscillation between brackish
and marine environments.

Comparison between the Pitogo fauna
and the Kadonosawa-type fauna
Stratigraphical significance of Vicaryabearing molluscan fauna of the Philippines (" the Batan fauna " of SMITH(1913) and "the Vigo fauna" of DICKERSON (1921)) was discussed fully by
MARTIN (1901), SMITH (1913) and DICKERSON (1921). In general, the lower
part of the Philippine Miocene such as
the Batan formation is characterized by
the Vicarya-bearing molluscan fauna andat the same time by the occurrence ofcoal seams just below or near to themolluscan fossil horizons. Distributionof Vicarya-bearing fauna covers a wide
area including the northern part ofLuzon Island; Batan Island of Albay;
the Batangas district; Bondoc Peninsula;
Cebu Island and the Zamboanga districtof Mindanao Island.
Species associated with Vicarya callosa
in the northern Luzon listed by MARTIN(1901) are Terebra jenkinsi MARTIN, T.

Yast~hid e I WA S A KI

222

bandongensis MARTIN, FtLsus verbeehi
MA RTIN, lV! urex g1'ooti JENKINS, Bw-sa
gyrin a (LINNE), Cardita decipiens MARTIN
a nd R ostellaria javana MARTIN. The
other s peci es associa tion g iven by
DJCKERSON (1922) f rom Cebu Isla nd is
Cerithium jenhinsi MARTIN, C. herlzlotsi
MARTIN, Voluta innexa REEVE, Natica
s p., Conus s p. , Chione lacerata HANLEY
a nd P ecten leopardus REEVE. T he former
a ssemblage includ es T eTebra a nd CaTditas peci es, whereas the latter has severa lcerithid and pectinid s pecies bes ides V.
callosa. A lthoug h both assemblages are
s om ewhat diff er ent in species compos ition, overall cha racters seem to bes imilar to each other pa leoecolog ically.
T he Vicarya -Anadara association of the
Pitogo f au na does not s ha r e muchs imilarit y with th ese assemblages men t ioned a bove. Coex isten ce of VicaTyasp., comparable to callosa, a nd AnadaTa
multifonnis is report ed by HAY ASAKA(1943) from the northern part of Lu zon.
T he distributions of 11icaTya-Anadara
and Paphia-]oannisiella associ a tions or
their ·ecolog ica lly similar assemblagesa re not restricted to the Philip pines
b ut are traceable as fa r north as in

the Ja pa nese Miocene, a nd as fa r sout ha s in Java.
In th e paleoecolog ical stud y of the
Ja panese Neogene mollusca n fa una,
CHINZEI & IWASAK I (1967) r ecogni zed
f our d iffe r e nt s pecies assemblages in
the lower Miocene Kadonosawa fa una,
i. e. the BatillaTia, Osh-ea, DosiniaAnadara a nd lllfacoma-Lucinoma assembl ages. T hey di stribute zonally inhaving a cer tain r ela tion to de pth a nd
the distr ibution of bottom sedim ents.
A mollu scan f auna closely a lli ed to tha t
f ound in the Kadonosawa basin in s pecies com pos it ion is en coun tered a lso insevera l lower Miocene f orm at ions in
Ja pa n, i.e. the Kurosedani f orm a tion of
the Yats uo g roup of Honshu, t he Sa ka i
f or mation of Ku kinaga g rou p of T anegashim a Is lan d, a nd etc. The f a un a of
the Kurosedani f orma tion is characterized by T elescopium telescopium LINNE,
Geloina luchuaca (PILSBRY), Vicw-ya callosa, Vicaryella is hiiana (YOKOYAMA )a nd "Anada1'a lwhehataensis HATA I &NISIYAMA ". The f a una of the Sakai
for ma tion is cha r acteri zed by T . telescopium, V. callosa, " A. lwlzehataensis ",Cyclina japonica KAMADA an d ] oanni-.Table 1. Idea li zed species association of nea r-shore 4 a ssemblages of the Japanese
Kad onosawa-type fau na. (Modi fie d after CHI NZEI & I wASAKI, 1967)
Near shor e

T elescopium-Geloina
assemb lage
T elescopium
telescopium
Geloina luchu.ana..

Off -shore

Batillaria assemb lage

Ostrea assem blage

Dosinia -Anadaraa ssem blage

Vicarya callosa
Vicaryella ishiiana
Batillaria yamanarii
Nassarius sp .
Ringicula ninohensis"Anadara
kalwhataensis "Soletellina niinoensis
Macoma s p.

Ostrea gravit:esta
Clementia sp.
Panop ea japonica

Anadam ninohensis
Glycymeris cisshuensis
j oannisi ella cumingi"Clinoca1·dium"shinjiense
T apes siratoriensis
Dosinia nomurai
Clementia papyracea
Polinices meisensis
Conus tokunagai

,,· _

(

561.

Philippine Miocene Mollusca.siella cumingi. The lower Miocene fauna
which is characterized by those species
is often called the Kaclonosa~a-type or
Yatsuo- Kaclonosawa fauna and has beenused as a good indicator of the tropicalshallow sea of the past.
Associate occurrence of Vi carya cal.losa, V icaryella i shiiana a nd " A. lw hehataensis " in the field in dicate thatthey all belong to the same, the Batil/.a ria assemb lage of the Kaclonosawa-type
fauna. ]. cumingi is fo und commonlywith the species of the Do sinia- A nadara:assemblage. T. tele scopium and G. ludwana constit ute yet another assemblage which characterizes the inner-most:area of an embayment, perhaps thepeculiar env ironment li ke mangroveswamp.
However, since mangroveswamp is not always found along thetropical coast, the T elescojJium-Geloin a.assemblage is naturally not a lways associate w ith the Kac!onosawa-type fa unal:assemblages.
The five, T elescopium .Celoina, Batillaria, Ostrea, Do sinia- Ana<lam and Macoma-Lucinoma assemblages.are arranged more or less zona ll y fromthe shore to the central area of embayment in the lower M iocene Kaclonosawa
s t age.
KASENO, Y. (1964) cliviclecl "the Kuroseclani fauna" into t wo, namely A and B.assemblages. The A assemblage whichcharacterizes the brackish environmentof interior embayment is composed of·" A. /zalzehataensis ", Ostrea gravitesta
YOKOYAMA, Vica rya yohoyamai TAKEYAMA, "Tele scopium nipponicum OYAMA",
Caithidea kanpo!zu en sis IAKIY AMA etc.
On the other hand, the B assemblage is·c omposed of elements of shallow bottomof open sea environment, such as" A n adara ogawai (MAI<IY AMA) ", Glycymeris cisshuensis MAI<IY AMA, Pilar itoi
(MAKIY AMA), Polinices meisensis MAKIYAMA, Conus toyamaensi s TSUDA and223

others. KASENO's classification is rather
rough and the A assemblage seems to
be a mixture of the Tele scojJium-Geloina,
Batillaria and Osl7-ea assemb lages andthe B assemblage includes the Do siniaA n adar a and i\!Jacoma-Lucinoma assemblages of (HI NZE! & IWASAKI.
The im portant species of the Kaclonosawa-type fauna are listed in the Table
1. Though some differences in s pecies
composition appear between northern
limit and the southernmost r ecords,
these can be regarded as slight geograph ica l variation influenced by ecologica l condition within the same biogeographica l province. Combinations ofsuch particular species as " A. lw lzehata ensis " and V. callosa of the Bat illari aassemblage, and Do sinia nomurai OTUKA
and " Clin ocar dium " shinjiense (YOKOYAMA ) of the Dosinia-Anadara assemblage are useful indices of the Kaclonosawa-t y pe fauna.
The Amu ssiop ecten-Ciementia-Paphia]oanni siella "assemblage" or the Amu ssiojJecten-PajJhia "assemblage" of SHUTO(1957b, 1961) fo und in the upper Miocene
Mi yazak i group of sout h Kyushu represents a muddy bottom fraction of the
Do sinia-Anadara assemb lage. Its species
composition is often quite dissimilar to
the average composition of the Do siniaAnadar a assemblage because the DosiniaAna.dara. assemblage is composed mainlyof the sanely bottom dwellers. However,such common species as Dosinia nomurai,
j oa.n nisiella cumingi and Glycym eris species connect the Amu ssiopecten-Paphia"assemblage " with the rest of the
Dosinia- Anadara assemblage o"f se n su
lata without any significant gap.
UOZUM I, S. & FUJI£, T. (1966) r eported
the Vicarya -bearin g fauna f rom Okushiri Is la nd, southwestern Hokkaiclo.
This is the northern extremity of the
distribution of the Vicarya -bearing mol-Yasuhide IWASAKI

224

luscan fauna in the japanese lower
Miocene, where Vicarya yokoyamai, Vicaryella notoensis MASUDA, " A. kakehataensis ", Ostrea gravitesta, Diplodonta
ferruginata MAKIY AMA, Dosinia nomurai
etc. occur from the Tsurikake formation.
The southernmost record of the Kadono-

1. Okushiri Is.
2. Yatsuo
3. Tanegashima
4. Pitogo
5. Liotjitjank.ang

l•

1000

Fig. 6. Map showing selected places where
the Vicarya-Anadana association occurs.

sawa-type fauna in Japan is now known
from the Sakai formation of Tanegashima Island (stratigraphy by KoREEDA,
K. 1963). The fauna is composed of T.
telescopium, Vicarya callosa, Vicaryellaishiiana, "A. kakehataensis ", 0. gravitesta, Batillaria yamanarii MAKIYAMA,.
]. cumingi, Cyclina japonica, Clementia
papyracea, Polinices meisensis etc.
The two islands, Okushiri and Tanegashima are separated about 1,500 km
in distance and 11.5° in latitudinal distance. Thus the considerable amountof geographical variations in species.
composition are recognizable between
the two local faunas. D. ferruginata in
Okushiri Island is replaced by ]. cumingi
in Tanegashima Island. However, thedifferences of the species composition
in Vicarya and Vicaryella are likely to·
be not the replacement by unrelated
species but merely a variation within a
species or a species group.
The Pitogo fauna is similar to theKadonosawa-type fauna in species composition as well as in ecological characteristics including habitat inferredfrom sedimentological investigation inspite of a great distance, 1,800 km, that
separates Pitogo from Tanegashima, thesouthernmost locality of the Kadonosawa-type fauna. Latitudinal difference
is more than 17". The same or closely
related species occur in both the Kadonosawa-type and the Pitogo faunas.
Comparative study of species composition in both faunas will permit to inferthat most of constituent species of the
Pitogo fauna are derived from the assemblages comparable to the Batillaria
assemblage and Dosinia-Anadara assemblage of the Kadonosawa-type fauna.
V. callosa, Corbula sp. and A. multiformis
seem to constitute the southern varietyof the Batillaria assemblage, and ]. cumingi, P. exarata, Conus minimus and561.

Philippine Miocene Mollusca

Clementia papyracea constitute that of
the Dosinia-Anadara assemblage. Absence of Ostrea sp. in the Pitogo faunasuggests the con(:lusion that the oysterbank or Ostrea assemblage usually foundin most examples of the Kadonosawatype fauna might not develop in thisparticular area.
The marked combination of species,
V. callosa and "A. kakehataensis " ofthe Kadonosawa-type fauna, is replacedby that of V. callosa and A. multiformis
in the Pitogo fauna. The combination-of Dosinia nomurai and " Clinocardium"shinjiense of the Kadonosawa-type fauna
is disappeared and is replaced by association of such species as Dosinia sp.
or Paphia exarata and V asticardium sp.
in the Pitogo fauna. However, Dosinia
sp. and Vasticardium sp. hold no longer
the place of the main constituents in
the Pitogo fauna. In the Miyazakigroup, the Dosinia-Anadara assemblageof the Kadonosawa-type fauna may be
represented by the Clementia-Paphiajoannisiella "assemblage". The conclusion is .that the brakish sediment which
is characterized by the V. callosa- A.
multiformis combination of the Batillaria
assemblage becomes more muddy offshore, and it might be lived by thedwellers such as P. e:wrata and ]. cumingi or in some places by Dosinia sp..
and V asticardium sp.
. Among 36 species of the Pitogo fauna,V . . callosa, Clementia papyracea and ].
cumingi are found also in the Japanese
Kadonosawa-type fauna. A. multiformis
and Conus mi.nimus have closely allied
species in the . Kadonosawa,type fauna.
Such venerid species as Callista. ery.cina,
Paphia exarata and If~telysia hiantina,
and sanguinolariid sp~cies as Gari? sp.,
Cultellus sp. and A,zqrinus scheepmakeri
are likely to,. fill .tp.e , places of venerid
specie~, .Dosinia . nomurai and Nippono-

225

marcia nakamurai IKEBE, and sanguinolariid species, Soletellina minoensis YoKOYAMA and Cult ell us izumoensis YOKOYAMA of the Kadonosawa-type fauna
respectively. Thus, assemblage analysis
available for the Japanese Miocene fauna
seems to be applicable also to the faunaof the Philippine Miocene.
It is quite natural that the Pitogo
fauna has larger number of species
comparable to those found in the Kadonosawa-type fauna from Tanegashima
than those from Okushiri Island. Suchspecies as Ma.ctra antiquata, Strombus
tjilonganensis, S. cf. isabella, Oliva cf.
funebralis nnd Voluta ? sp. have notbeen known from the Japanese area.
Since the recent representatives of these
species or closely related species are
inhabitants of tropical shallow sandy
substratum, their distributions are likely
to be restricted to the south of theJapanese Islands in the early Miocene
age. In general, the Pitogo fauna canbe regarded as a southern extension, or
more exactly, a tropical representative,of the Japanese Kadonosawa-type fauna.
No molluscan fauna which includes
the Vicarya sp.-Anadara sp. combination
has hitherto been reported from theextensive area between the Philippines
and Kyushu. It can hardly be speculated
whether the fauna of this area is similar
to the Pitogo fauna in its species association or intermediate one between the
Pitogo and the Tanegashima faunas.
The lowe~ Miocene. sediments found in
Formosa and Iriomote Island of ,theYaeyama Islets consist exclusively ofthick coal bearing formations and theshallow sea sediments including thelower Miocene molluscan fossils canscarcely be expected to be found in thisarea.
The Pitogo fauna is .also comparable
to the Miocene molluscan fauna from226

Yas~~hide IWASA KI

java, Indonesia, In the MART IN' s report(1879), molluscs with the V . callosa-A.
multiformis combination were listed fromseveral localities. The lower Miocene
bituminous sediments at one locality
near Liotjitjankang, western ] a va yieldV . callosa, Strombu s tjilongan ensis, T elescopium telescopium, C01'bula spp., Dosinia
spp., Paphia rimosa, Osh-ea spp. and A.
multifonnis etc. The Liotjitjankang
fauna is very close to the Pitogo fa una
i·n its species composition and essentiallythe same in ecological character ist ics.
Liotjitjankang is located . slightly to thesouth of equa tor, and thus the Pitogo
fa una which is the southern extens ionof the Kadonosawa-ty pe fauna extends
further so uth into the southern hemisphere. However, a certain kinds ofspecies in the Liotjitjankang fauna arefound rarely in the Kadonosawa-ty pe
includin g the Pitogo fauna. These are
Cypraea spp., Murex spp., Chama spp.
and T ridacna spp. which are foundusually in cora l reef fac ies. T hus, these
species in the Liotjitjankang fauna arelikel y to be derived f rom another Miocene sha llow sea ass emblage of particular env ironm ent li ke coral reef facies .
The assemblage attach in g to coral or
bryozoa n reef facies is not kno wn in
the Kadonosawa-type fauna of the japanese area, although the f a una is li kely
to ha ve been surv ived in considerably.
warm environment.
The EulejJidina
limestone of the lower Gumaca formation, and certain elements of the Liotjitjankang fau na suggest that .in theearly Miocene, near shore reef facies
dom inates in the area to the south ofthe ] apanese area.
The other molluscan fossils correlat iveto the Pitogo and the Kadonosawa-type
faunas are found from the Miocene Ga j
g roup distributed . in the provinces ofSind, Pakistan and Cutch, western India.

Fauna of the upper . a rgillaceous part of
the Gaj group is characterized by theoccurrence of such species as Ostrea
multicast at a DESHA YES, Anadara sub multifonnis (VREDENBURG), Omphaloclathrum granosa (SOWERBY ), IJo sinia
pseudom-gu.s (D' ARCHIAC & HAIME), P aphia viTgata (SOWERBY), Vicarya verneuili(D'ARCHIAC) ana Tu rritella angulata
SOWERBY (BLA NFORD, W. T., 1880; VREDENBURG, 1928). Though the species.
are different to some ex tent from thoseof Indonesia and the Philippines, ecological characters of both fa un as seem toresemble very closely to each other.
Although the precise chronological correlation of the faunas remains to be
st udied, the Vicarya-bearing tropicalfa una did exist a lmost contemporaneousl y in the lower Miocene time along
the coasts of the western Pacific .and of
the · Indian Ocean. ~ rea of its distribution is one of the larg est among the
Neogene molluscan faunas of the shallow embayment. T1l.e Pi togo fauna · iscomprehensible as one of the southern
representati ves of this widely distributed fauna of the lndo:Pacific province.
Aclmowledgements.~ Fossil
specimensof the Pitog o fauna were supplied together w ith the precise data on themode of occurrence and on the stratig raph y of the Tayabas Isthmus districtby Prof. Toshio KIMURA· of the Geologi cal Institute, Uni versity of Tokyo and
Dr. Akira TOKUY AMA of the Shizuoka
Un iversity. The study w.as. made un·der
the direction of Prof. Fu y uji T AKA ! of
the Department of Geo logy, University
Muse um, University of Tokyo. Drs.
Tetsuro HANA I and Ki yotaka CHI NZEIof the Ge9logica l Institute of the same
University gave helpful ad vj ces espe ciall y on paleoecolog y and · pal'eobiogeography of the Miocene molluscs. The

561.

Philippine Miocene Mollusca

writer wishes to express his sincere
appreciations to these people.
References cited
BLA NFORD, W . T. (1880) : The geology of
wes tern Sind. Mem. Ceo/. Surv. India,
Vol. 17, Art. 1 , pp. 1- 210, 1 map.
CHI NZE I, K. & I wASAKI, Y . (1967): Paleoecology of shallow sea molluscan faunaein the Neogene deposits of northeast
Honshu, Japan. Trans. Proc . Palaeont.
Soc . japan , N. S., No . 67, pp. 93- 113.
CoRBY, G. W . & others (1951): Geology andoi l poss ibilities of the Philippines. Repub .
Philip. , Dept . Agricul. Nat. Re sources,
T echnic. Bull. No. 21, 363 pp., 57 pls.
DI CKERSO N, R. E. (1921 ) : A fauna of theVigo group: Its bnring on the evolution· of mar ine mo llusca n faunas. Philip. jour.
Sci., Vol . 18, No.1, pp .1- 21, pl s. 1, 2.
- - (1.922) : Re v iew of Philippine pa leontology. Ibid ., Vol. 20, No . 2, pp. 195229, pls. 1- 16.
- - (1924) : Tertiary paleogeograp hy of thePhilippines. Ibid., Vol. 25, No. 1, pp.
11- 50, pls. 1-4 .
H AY ASAKA, l. ( 1943) :Area multijonnis
M ARTI N from Luzpn. Tran s. Nat . Hisl.
Soc. Tai wan, Vol . 33, No. 241, pp . 334340, pl. 11.
- - (1944) : A new s pecies of Miocene Area
from the Philippines.
Ibid., Vol . .34,
Nos. 246, 247, pp. 123- 126.
J ENKI NS , H. M. (1863): On some Tertiary
Mollusca from Mount Se la, in the Is landof Java. Quart . jou1·. Ceo/. Soc. London,
Vol . 20, Pl. 1, pp. 45- 73, pls . 6, 7.
KAM ADA, Y . (1960) : 9n the assoc iatedoccurrence of Vicarya and ll icaryella in
the Jap anese Tertiary, with the fi rst
description of a Paleogene species ofVicarya from J apa n . Sci. R epts. , T ohoku
Univ., 2nd Ser. ( Ceo/ .), Spec. Vol. No.
4, pp. 281- 295, pls. 30, 31.
KASE NO, Y. (1964) : Biostratigraphic problem s of the Neogene s trata in Hokuriku
region, central Jap an.
Fossil s, No. 7,
pp. 27- 35.
KIMUR A, T ., T oi<UYAMA, A., Go NzA LES,227

B. A. & A NDAL, D. R. (1968) : Geologic
structures in the Tayabas Is thmus
di st rict, Philippines.
Contributions togeology and palaeontology of so utheast
As ia, 49. in Geology and Palaeontologyof Southeast Asia, KoBAY AS IH, T. &TORI YAM A, R. edit., No. 4, pp. 156- 178,
Univ. Tokyo Press .
KOREED A, K. (1965) : Geological study ofsouthern part of Tanegashima Is land,
Kagos hima Prefecture . ( MS in Japanese)
Cradulation thesis, Ceo/. I nst., Yokohama
Nat'/. Univ ., No. 44.
M ARTI N, K. (1879- 1880) : Die TerWirschichten auf Java. 236 pp., 28 Taf., 1 Karte,
Leiden.
- - (1883) : Nachtrage zu den "Tertiarschichten auf Java". lter Nachtrag:
Mollusken. Sammlung. Ceo/. Reichs-Mu s.
Leiden , 1 te Ser., Beitriige Ceo/. Ost Asiens und Australiens, Ed . 1, pp. 194265, Taf. 9- 13.
- - (1895- 1906) : Die Fossilien von Ja va.
Sammlung.
Ceo/. Reichs-Mus. Leiden,
Neue Folge, Ed. 1, Gastropoda, pp. 1- 332,
Tat. 1- 45.
- -. (1801) : Concerning Tertiary Foss il s in
the Phi li ppines. in Report on the geologyof the Philippine Islands by B ECKER,
G.F., U. S . Ceo/. Surv., 21st Annual
Rept., pp. 487-625.
- - (1909, 1910) : Die Fossil ien von Ja va.
Sammlung . Ceo/. R eic hs-Mus. L eiden,
Neue Folge, Ed. 1, 2te Abt., Ht. 1, 2,
pp. 334- 386, Taf . 46- 54 .
M AS UD A, K. (196,6) : Molluscan fauna of theHigas hi-Innai formation of Noto peninsula, Japan- Il; Remarks on mollusca nassemblage and description of s pecies.
T rans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. j apan, N. S .,No. 64, pp. 517- 337, pls. 35, 36.
NOETLI NG, F. (1895): On some marine fos s ils from the Miocene of upper Burma.
M em. Ceo/. Su1·v. I ndia, Vol. 27, Pt. 1 ,pp. 1- 45+ 5, pl s . 1- 10.
- - (1901) : Fauna of the Miocene bed s of
Burma . Palaeont. In dica, New Ser., Vol.
1, Mem. Ceo/. Surv. h rdi a No. 3, 378 pp.
25 pis.
SH UTO, T. (1957a) : Fossil Paphia from theYasuhide IWASAKI

228

Miyazaki group.
japan. jour. Geol.
Geogr., Vol. 28, Nos. 1-3, pp. 138-160,
pl. 12.
- - (1957b) : Polymorphism in mollusks andfacies differentiation. (Palaeontological.basis. for the consideration of speciation!). jour. Geol. Soc. japan, Vol. 63, No.
745, pp. 565-585.
- - (1957c) :Palaeontological aspects ofspeciation. (Ditto-Il). Ibid., Vol. 63,
No. 746, pp. 636-647.
- - (1961) : Palaeontological study of the
Miyazaki group.-A general account of
the faunas.
Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu
Univ., Ser. D. Geol., Vol. 10, No.2, pp.
73-206, pis. 11-13.
SMITH, W. D. (1913) : Contributionii to thestratigraphy andfoiisilinvertebrate
fauna of the Philippine Islands. Philip.
jour. Sci., Vol. 8, No. 4, Sec. A, pp.
235-300, pls. 1-20.
- - (1924) : Geology and mineral resourcesof the Philippine Islands. Bureau Sci.
Manila, Publ. No. 19, 539 pp., 39 pb.
T AKEY AMA, T. (1933) : Notes on the genus

Higashi-Innai
Iriomoto
Kadonosawa
Kukinaga

*

F-~

P'3

®
~
f'l / iR
3if
7k

Kurosedani
MiyazakiOkushiri
Sakai

Vicarya, with description of two Japanese
forms. japan. jour. Geol. Geogr., Vol. 10,
Nos. 3, 4, pp. 129-144, pl. 13.
UozuMr, S. & FuJIE, T. (1966) : Neogene
molluscan fauna in Hokkaido, Part II.
Description of the Okushiri fauna associated with Vicarya, from Okushiri Island, southwest. Hokkaido. jour. Fac.
Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. 4, Geol.
Mineral., Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 139-163,
pls. 11-13.
VREDENBURG, E. (1921) : . Results of a revision of some portions of Dr. NoETLING's
second monograph on the Tertiary faunaof Burma. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol.
51, Pt. 3, pp. 224-302.
- - (1928) : Descriptions of Mollusca fromthe post-Eocene Tertiary formation ofnorth-western Inida. M em. Geol. Surv.
India, Vol. 50, Pts. I, 2, 506+21 pp.,
33 pl3.
YABE, H. & HAT AI, K. M. (1938): On theJapanese species of Vicarya. Sci. Repts.,
Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.),Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 149-172, pl. 21.

ffi'o

(TJ

itn t1-

'8

~ilf

~
~

fK
:j:j:

Tanegashima
TsurikakeYaeyamaYatsuofiJFf'r~~<]
1~

i\ :ill: UJ;\..

~

Explanation of Plate 23.
(All figures are natural size unless otherwise stated)
Fig. 1. Callista (Costacallista) erycina (LINNE) ; specimen B.
Figs. 2, 3. Strombus (Laevistrombus?) tjilonganensis MARTIN; fig. 2, specimen A; fig. 3,
specimen B.
Fig. 4. ]oannisiella cumingi (HANLEY) ; specimen A.
Fig. 5. Clementia papyracea (GRAY); Hondagua specimen.
Fig. 6a, b. Anadara multiformis (MARTIN); a; shell surface; b, inner surface; specimen A.
Fig. 7. Mactra antiquata SPENGLEER; specimen A.
Fig. 8. Callista (Costacallista) erycina (LINNE); Silicon,rubber cast of specimen, not measured,x2.
Fig. 9. Sunetta concinna DuNKER; specimen A.
Fig: 10. Oliva cf. funebralis LAMARCK; specimen A.·
Fig. 11. Conus (Cleobula) minimus LINNE; specimen A.
Fig. 12. Lutraria arcuata REEVE.
Fig. 13, Bursa (Gyrineum) margaritula (DESHAYEs); specimen A.
Figs. 14,, 15. Paphia exarat.a (PHILIPPI); fig. 14, .specimen A; fig. 15, specimen D.
Fig. 15. Tellinella virgata (LINNE); inner mold.
Fig. 17. Vicarya callosa JENKINS; specimen A.

IWASAKI:

Philippine Mioc ene Mollusca

Plate 23

4

1

9

13

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 77, pp. 229-234, pl. 24, April 10, 1970

562.

A NEW SPECIES OF SAGENOPTERIS FROM NARIWA,
SOUTHWEST HONSHU, JAPAN*· KAZUO HUZIOKA
Institute of Mining Geology, Mining College, Akita University

Jtz~;J,.[ Sagenopteris (ry-tJTH1:

Sagenopteris nariwaensis c ,;,,cg; l t::. rV<:~~~(ry tTrHll

fi!JX:~~~hc'f:f)):(ry :*~~~~ !tJ £\: G ~;: ~ -=> -c JR J:Z(rytfrilHU fJ l*!$ ~ ;h,t::. <b (rye\;::. ct~:tifi~-c:·;bQ, ;::.(ryJm-c:·fJ:.,Jyl\'~(ry:.OCt~v'.fill-c<b.Q,.
In 1905, YOKOYAMA first describedsome fossil plants from the Nariwa
district in Okayama Prefecture andconsidered this plant-bearing bed to beUpper Triassic in age.
The fossil
plants, called by the name of the Nariwa flora, was studied in detail by+~·~;a; 6 j:Jcib Q

ii:ii lli'iJ -(1930, 1931, 1932, 1938, 1940) andand HUZIOKA (1935, 1936, 1938),
who described about one hundred
species of plants. These plants arestated to be closely related to the
Rhaetic floras of Europe and Greenland.
The Nariwa Formation which bears the
OISHI
OISHI

~ Locality of Sa~nopteris nariwaensis~ Suzuriishi Group•

Fig. 1.

~

Localities of Fossil Plants in the Eda area.

* Received June 7, 1969; read June 15, 1969.
229

Kaz~w HUZIOKA

230

Nari wa flora overlies the ]ito Formation
which yielded Entomonotis ochotica of
the Norian stage with conformity, andboth of the formations are regarded by
Japanese geologists as representing theNorian stage of the Upper Triassic.
KOBATAKE (1954) and KO N'NO (1962)
added two new species of Equisetales
to the Na r iwa flora. The Na riwa flora
as now known consists of 104 valid
plants which are distributed in the
Pteridophyta and the Gymnospermae,
including the present nevv species ofSagenopteris . The followin g is a complete list of the fossil plants hitherto
known from 96 localities of the Nar iwa
district :Table 1.

Li st of the fos sil plantsfrom Nariwa .

PTERIDOPHYT AMarattiaceae

1. Marattiopsis muensl eri (G OE PP ERT )Filicales incertae sed i s

19. Sphenopteri s gracili s Or s i-II
20. S. sp.
21. Cladophlebidium ? olzayamaensis Orsi-Ir·
et H UZ I OK A

22. CladojJhl ebi s bitchuensis Or SI·II
23. C. denticu lata (BR ON GN I A RT)
24. C. gigant ea Or s HI
25. C. haiburnensis ( LI NDLE Y et H UTTON).
BR ONGN I AR T

26. C. nariwa en si s Or sHI et H uZ I OK A
27. C. n ebben sis (BR ON GNI A RT )28. C. pseudodelicatula OI SH I

29. C. racibors/lii ZEILLER
30. C. raciborskii forma integra Or s HI el
T A K AHAS I

31. C. ( OsmundojJsis ?) subplectrop!wra
Or s i-I r et H uz iOK A

32. C. t enue OI SHI et H u zroK A
33. C. s p.

34. Spiropteri s s p.
Equi setales

35. A nnulariopsis inopinata ZEILLER ?36. Pseudolobatannularia densiflora
K OBAT AKE

Sc HIMPER
Osmundaceae

2. Todites goeppertianus (M ONS T ER)
K RASS ER

3. T. pri n ce ps ( PRE SL) GoTH AN<1. T. williamsoni ( BR ONGN I A RT)
SEWARD
Dipteridaceae

5.
6.
7.
8.

Clathropteris elegans OI SHI
C. meniscoides BRONGNI A RT
C. obovata OI SHIDi ctyophylium muensteri (G OEPPERT)NA TH ORST

9. D. nilssoni (BRONGN I ART) GoEPP ERT
10. D. spectabile NATHOR ST
11. Goepperlella varida OI SHI et H uz i OK A
12. H au smannia (Protorhipis) crenata( N ATH ORST) MoELLER

13. H . ( P. ) nariwaensis 0I SI·II
14. H . (P. ) dentata OI SHI
15. Thaumatopteris elongata 0I SI·II

16. T. kochibei (YoKO YA M A) O ISHI et
Y A M AS IT A

17. T. nipponica 0I SI·II

18. T. pusilla (NATHOR ST) O rs r-rr et
Y AM AS IT A

37. Equisetites multidentatus OISHI
38. E. nariwaen sis KO N' N O
39. E. sp.
40. Neocalamite s carrerei (ZEILL ER)
H A LLE

41. N. hoerensi s (Sc HI MPER) H A LL E
42. Phylloth eca sp.
GYMNOSPERMAE
Cycadophyta
Cycad al es

43. Ctenis japonica OI SHI
44. C. talzamiana OI SHI e t H u zroK A
45. C. yabei 0I SI·I I
46. Nilssonia acuminata ( P R ESL)G OEPPERT

47.
48.
49.
50.
51.

N. brevis BRONGN I ART
N. muen steri (PRE SL) SCI·II MPER
N. orienta/is H EER
N. si mplex OISHI
Cfr. N. tenuicauli s ( PHI LLIP S)
Fo_x -STR AN GW A YS

Bennettitales

52. Otozamites huzisawae OI SHI et
H UZ I OK A

53. 0. landfolius OI SHI

562 . N ew Sagenopteris
54. 0. molini anu. s ZI GNO
55 . P terophyllu.m ae qu.ale (BI~O NGN I A RT)
NA T HORST

56. P. angus t u.m (BRAU N) G oT H AN
57. P . ctenoides OI S HI
58. P . cf r . distans M oR RI S
59. P. jaegeri B RO NGN I A RT
60. P . schenki Z E I LLER
61. P. sen·at u. m OI S HI et H uz i OKA
62. P. sp. a
63. P. sp . b
64. P. s p . c
Cayton iales
65. Sagenopteris nariwaensis H uZ I OKA
66. S. nilssoniana (BRONGN I ART) S EwARD
Cyca dophy t a ince rt ae sedi s
67. P tilozamites nilssoni N A THOR ST ?
68. P. tenuis OI SH I
69. T aeniopteris lanceola ta OI S HI
70. T. /eclerei ZE I LLER
71. T . minensis OI S HI
72. T . nabaensis OI S H I
73. T. richthofeni ( S C H ENK)
74. T. stenophy ll a K RYSHTOFOV I C H
75. T.? sp. nov. · OI S HI
76. T . ? s p.

Gink go ph yta
77. B aiera elegans OI SH I
78. B. ji. liformis OI S HI
79. B. f u.rca ta H EER
80. B. guilhaumati Z E I LLER
81. B. minu.ta NAT H O R ST .
82. B . paucipar tita NAT H ORST
83. B. taeniata B R AUN
8'1. B. sp .
85. Ginkgoites sibir ica ( H EER) SEW A RD
86. C . digi ta ta (BRONGN I A R T) S EWARD
va r . huttoni SEwARD
87. Phoenicopsis sp.
Conife ra les
88. Elatocladus Plana (FE I STMAN T EL)

231

95. P . schenki H EER
96. Cf r. Storgaa rdia spectabilis H AR R I S
97. S t enorachis bi tch!te1\Sis OI S HI
98. S . elegans OI S HI
99. S . (I xos trobus ?) kon1:an.us O IS HI et
H UZ I OKA

100. Swedenb01·g ia cryp t omerio1:de s
N A T H ORST•

101. 5. major H ARR I S
Gymn os permae? i ncertae sedi s
102. Campyrophyllum hoermanni G OT H AN ?
103. Czekanowsi<ia r igid a H EE R
104. Y abeiella s p.

Ver y latel y, Mr . H. OTSUKA , a tea cherof the Nari wa primar y school, coll ected
an interesting undescribed fossil plant(Pl. 24, fig . 1) from a new locality (Lac ..
96) at Hig ashi·Eda (Fig. 1), a nd for wa rdeel it to the writer f or stud y. This
interesting plant bears si x leaflets which
a re palmately disposed from a point ..
Its leaflets is linear lanceolate in outline,with a distinct midrib and entire marg in,.
but its lateral veins are hardly obser vable. At Ecla and Yamamoto, where there
are known more than a dozen localities.
of fossil plants (Fig. 1). Mr. OTSUKA
repeatedl y collected fossil plants in co·operation w ith Messrs. T. OGAWA and.
H. HIRAMATSU, and was successful in.
collecting additional specimens of the
new pl a nt. The writer studied theses pecimens and he placed th em in theg enus Sagenop teris from the charactersof the petiol e a nd an astomosing lateralveins in the leaflet, as described below:
Description of species

SEW A RD

89. E . ten nerim a ( F E I STMA N T EL) SA H N I
90. E. sp.
91. P ityo phyllum longifoliu. m (N .~ T I·IO I~ST)

Caytoniales
Genus Sagenop teris P RESLM oEL L ER

92. Nageiopsis rh aetica OI SHI
93. Po doza m ites concin nu. s OI SHI et
H UZ I OKA

94 . P . lanceolat us ( LI NDLEY et H uTTON)

The genus Sagen opteris belongs ·to the
Caytoniales and is regarded as an independent phyllum of · seed plants of the
Gymnospermae. The Caytoniales · com-Kazuo HUZIOKA

232

prise three genera such as Sagenopteris{leaf), Caytonia (megasporophyll) andCaytonanthus (tnicrosporophyll). Sagenopteris was applied by PRESL to small
fronds composed of some palmately
disposed leaflets with a more or lessdistinct midrib and anastomosing secondary veins. The genus Sagenopteris
which ranges from the Upper Triassic
to the Lower Cretaceous of the worldis known by about thirty species.

Sagenopteris nariwaensis, sp. nov.
Pl. 24, fig3. 1-6, 6a, 7, 7a

Description: Leaf consists of a peti~leand six leaflets. Petiole stout and long,somewhat thickened at the top. Six
leaflets palmately disposed from the topof the petiole, symmetrically arranged,
the median pair being the largest.
Leaflet narrowly· lanceolate· in outline,
excepting the edge pair which is shortand variable in shape, gradually tapered
to both ends'of the acute apex and theacuminate base, without stalks, entire
at the margin. Midvein thick and rigid;
becoming obscure distadly. Lateral veinsderived from the midvein at acuteangles, densely arranged, frequently
anastomosed forming elongate meshes.
Epidermal cells of leaflets not preserved.
Productive organs likely in connection
with this leaf have 'never been found.
The leaf figured in Pl. 24, fig. 1 ·is awell preserved specimen though its
petiole is missing. The median leafletsare 6 em in. length and 1 em in breadth.
Pl. 24, figs. 2-6, show petiolated leaves
with a stout petiole, which is 1 mm
broad and more than 2 em long, with
six leaflets at its top, somewhat thickened. The median leaflet in Fig. 2 ismore than. 6 em , long . and 1.6 em wide.
The hteral veins are generally qbscurein preservation, but their anastomosing
habits are well shown in Pl. 24, figs. 6,
6a, 7, 7a.
Comparison and remarks: The present
leaf is referable to the genus Sagenopteris in all preserved features, and its
most important character is the possession of six leaflets. It has been generally believed that Sagenopteris essentiallybears four leaflets on a petiole, thoughmost species of Sagenopteris have been
named on detached leaflets. Sagenopterisnariwaensis, sp. nov. is the first occurrence of a six-leaflets bearing Sagenopteris. In having six leaflets, this species
is distinguished from all known speciesof Sagenopteris. S. elliptica FoNTAINE(1889, p. 149, Pl. XXVII, figs. 9-17) fromthe Lower Cretaceous of North America
is a species closely related to the one
from Nariwa; it was originally describedas having five-leaflets, but it may have
had six leaflets as in the case of S. nariwaensis. So far as single detachedleaflet is concerned, the Nariwa species
is quite similar to S. nilssoniana (BRONGNIART) WARD and 5. phillipsi (BRONGNIART) PRESL, both of which have wide
geographic distribution. The former isthe representative species of the genus
in the Upper Triassic and the Lias, andthe latter is characteristic in the Upperand the Middle Jurassic. Compared withthose two species, the present one has
narrower lanceolate leaflets.
Five valid and two undeterminablespecies of Sagenopteris have been known
from the Japanese Mesozoic formations,as shown in Table 2.
Occurrence: Loc. 96, Higashi-Eda,
Nariwa, Nariwa Town, Kawakami-gun,Okayama Prefecture; Nariwa Formation(Norian, Triassic).
Plants associated with S. nariwaensis
at Loc. 96: Clathropteris meniscoides
BRONGNIART, Cladophlebis denticulata

562.
Table 2.

New Sagenopteris

233

Species of Sagenopteris in Japan.

SpeciesOccurrences

S. nariwaensis HuziOKA

Nariwa Formation, Okayama Pref.; Norian, Upper
Triassic.

S. ni/ssoniana (BRONGNIART) WARD
(syn. S. rhoifolia PRESL, S. sp.
YoKOYAI\·IA, 1905; S. sp. OISHI andHUZIOKA, 1938)

Yamanoi Formation of the Mine Group, Yamaguchi Pref. (OISHI and TAKAHASI, 1936, OISHI,
1940) ; Carnian, Upper Triassic.
Nariwa Formation, Okayama Pref.; Norian, Upper
Triassic.
Kuruma Formation of Toyama and Nagano Prefs.
(OISHI, 1940) ; Lias, Lower Jurassic.

S. petiolata OISHI (1940)

Kiyosue Formation of the Toyonishi Group, Yamaguchi Pref.; Upper Jurassic.
Utano Formation, Yamaguchi Pref. (TAKAHASI,
1957) ; Middle Jurassic.

S. phillipsi (BRONGNIART) PRESL(syn. S. paucifo/ia PRESL (OISHI,
1940)

Kuzuryu subgroup of the Tetori Group, Fukui
Pref. (OISHI, 1940, KIMURA, 1958); Upper
Jurassic.

S. ? inequilateralis OISHI (1940)

Yuasa Formation of the Ryoseki Series, Wakayama
Pref. ; Lower Cretaceous.

S. sp. YoKOYAMA (1889)

Tetori Group, Ishikawa Pref.; Upper Jurassic.

S. sp. KIMURA (1958-a)

Kizaki Plant Bed, Nagano Pref.; Upper Jurassic.

(BRONGNIART), C. nebbensis (BRONGNIART), Taeniopteris minensis OISHI,
Podozamites lanceolatus (LINDLEY et
HUTTON), and etc.
Collectors: Messrs. Hisao OTSUKA,
Takeo 0GA WA and Hideshi HIRAMA TSU.
Depository: The Nariwa Museum,
Nariwa Town, Okayama Pref.

References
Fo:-ITAINE, W.M. (1889): The Potomac or
younger Mesozoic Flora. U.S. G.S. Mon.
15, pp. 1-377.
HARRIS, T.M. (1932) : The Fossil Flora of
Scoresby Sound East Greenland. Part 3.
Caytoniales and Bennettitales. Med. om
Greenland, Ed. 85, No. 5, pp. 1-133.
- - (1940-a): Caytonia. Ann. Bot., N.S.
Vol. IV, No. 16, pp. 713-734.
- - (1940-b) : On some Jurassic Specimensof Sagenopteris. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
Ser. II, Vol. VI, pp. 249-265.
- - (1941) : Caytonanthus, the Microphyllof Caytonia. Ann. Bot., N.S. Vol. V,
No. 17, pp. 47-58.
KIMURA, T. (1958-a): Mesozoic Plants fromthe Kizaki District, Nagano Prefecture,
Japan. Jubilee Pub/. Commem. Prof. H.
FUJIMOTO, pp. 135-138.
(1958-b): On the Tetori Flora (Part3). Mesozoic Plants from the Kuzuryu
Sub-Group, Tetori Group, Japan. Bull.
Sen. High School attached to Tokyo Univ.
Educ., No. Il-2, pp. 1.-47.
KoBATAKE, N. (1954): On the Mesozoic
Verticulate Leaves from Japan and Korea
with some Views of Lobatannularia andits Affinities. Sci. Rep. No. 3, South
Col/. and North Coli., Osaka Univ., pp.
71-80.
KoN'NO, E. (1962) : Some Species of Neocalamites and Equisetites in Japan and
Korea. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Univ., 2ndser. (Geology), Special Volume, No. 5(KON'NO Memorial Volume), pp. 1-47.
OISHI, S. (1930) : Notes on some Fossil
Plants· from the Upper Triassic Beds ofNariwa. Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr., Vol.

Kazuo HUZIOKA

234

VII, No. 2, pp. 49-58.
- - (1931): Yabeiella sp. from the Japanese
Triassic. Ibid., Vol. VII I, No. 4, pp.
357-359.
- - (1932) : The Rhaetic Plants from the
Nariwa District, Okayama Prefecture,
Japan. jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp.
Univ., Ser. IV, Vol. II, Nos. 3-4, pp.
257-379.
- - (1938) : The Japanese Equivalents of
the Lepidopteris and Thaumatopteris Zones
of East Greenland. Proc. Imp. Acad.
Tokyo, Vol. 14, pp. 77-80.
- - (1940): The Mesozoic Floras of Japan.
jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser.
IV, Vol. V, Nos. 2-4, pp. 123-480.
OISHI, S. and K. HuziOKA (formerly YAMASITA) (1935) : On the Genus Swedenborgia NATHORST and its Occurrence in
the Nariwa Bed,. Okayama Pref., Japan.
Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo, Vol. 11, pp.
438-440.
- - and - - (1936) : On the Fossil Dipteri-Higashi-Eda !ft: f}{Eda
t:t.
Yamamoto UJ :;js:daceae. jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp.
Univ., Ser. IV, Vol. III, No. 2, pp. 135184.
- - and - - (1938) : Fossil Plants from
Nariwa. A Supplement. Ibid., Vol. IV,
Nos. 1-2, pp. 69-101.
OISHI, S. and E. T AKAHASI (1936) : The
Rhaetic Plants from Province Nagato.
A Supplement. Ibid., Vol. III, No. 2,
SEwARD, A. C. (1910) : Fossil Plants. Vol.
II.
T AKAHASI, E. (1957) : Fossil Flora of the
Toyora and the Toyonishi Groups, Yamaguchi Prefecture (in Japanese). Yamaguchi jour. Sci., Vol. 8, pp. 79-82.
YoKOYAMA, M. (1889): Jurassic Plants from
Kaga, Hida and Echizen. jour. Coil. Sci.,
Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Vol. IV, Art. 1, pp.
1-89.
- - (1905): Mesozoic Plant,s from Nagato
and Bitchu. Ibid., Vol. XX, Art. 5, pp.
1-13.

Nariwa Town
Kawakami-gun

JjJ(:~jji!IJ) IUJtl;

Explanation of Plate 24
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, q, 6a, 7, 7a. Sagenopteris nariwaensis, sp. nov.
riwa, Nari.wa-town, Kawakami-gun, Okayama Prefecture.

Loc. 96, Higashi-Eda, Na-HUZIOKA :Plate 24

New Sagenopteris

6

x3

SHIBATA

photo.

Tran s . Proc . Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N .S., No. 77, pp. 235- 2<12, pl. 25, April 10, 1970

563.

FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS FROM THE COAL-BEARING OWADAFORMATION, SOUTHEAST RUMOI, HOKKAIDO, JAP AN *HIROSHI NOD A
Inst itute of Geology and Paleontology, Facu lty of Science,
Tohoku Univers ity, Sendai, Japan:ll:.ifiJiD: W/Mrtl· ri'HRi~ll :7c;f11 E13~&.1~iilli i*7J<: :f~~ ft.Ci fc-::>v,-c : ::ll:.i4ijill f.!lpJinn Wi:r!Hm 1c
5J1fi -9- ~ :k;fQEl3 ~@U~ J:: fJ 1£ Lt.: ii.bJcl1ii f\1 U:J :a: t§!n·JL.t.: *~i 51~ 1.7< 0) -Wfilill :a: 15- tr 1i.fift

un i ouryuensis Suz u KI, L anceolaria piscifonn is (YoKOYAM A), M argaritifera perdahurica
Y oKOYAM A, Ma rgaritijera owadaen sis NoDA, n. sp., Viv iparus cf. uryuensis Y or<oY AM A ::J: i\11\J.JII Lt.: •. iJE3it, jc;flllll~ mffl ::J: "P !i'fr llt c -_q- ~ 'b 0) , '2:12f~ .=:=.f:c c T ~ 'b 0) c 7J; 0""f::_ iJ; , l::ftc .R1 t :fif~ .l: """'C , :7cfi:I EI3~J.:Ji~ fiffit~ /W~l 'f: <b ~ H'1 151~J'/\\lllffC;l:Jl:l: ;'!:;h.,~ 'b 0)"( ,t~~ =- t:ci\\J-c· 0 ~ c "' ,.z ~ . .: O)f:a **tQ m ~m rn fc l)l;l-t ~fi=r-O)tl!l 'li:EI':J~~~H1-t.~: "" t.:: .
!b'T III ~ l'fJ

Introduction

Acknowledgements

During the stratigraphic work in the
Owada coal-field (SUGAI, 1968), the writer
collected some fresh-water molluscan
fossils from the coal bearing Owada
Formation exposed around the Owada
Colliery, southeast of Rumoi City, Hokkaido (Fig . 1).
The stratigraph y, geology and paleontology of the Rumoi and Uryu coalfields situated near the present area
have been studied by man y workers,
yet there still remain some problems·Concerning the stratigraphy, geologicalage and correlation based upon the ·lithological, structural and paleontologi ·cal evidences of the Owada Formation,
which is covered by the fossiliferous
Miocene Yudoro and . Togeshita formations with unconformity.

The writer here wishes to express hishearty thanks to Professor Kotora HAT AI
of the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku U niversity for his kind supervis ion andencouragement durin g the present study.
Acknowledgements are also due to Associate Professor Tamio KoT AKA of the
Tohoku University for his kind suggestions and discussions on the biostratigraphy, Mr. Kimiji KUMAGAI for his
photographic work and to the Ministryof Education of the Japanese Government for financial support.

* Received Jul y 26, 1969; read June H , 1969at Ya kohama.
235

Historical Review

YAMANE (1912a, b), liZUKA and UEMURA(1920a, b) reported on the geology aroundthe Owada coal-field (SUGAI, 1968). ENDO
(1931) in his stud y of the plants fromthe Japanese Paleogene proposed the236

Hiroshi NODA

name of the Owada coal-bearing Formation but without definition; the stratigraphic name was adopted by NAGAO(1933).
HASHIMOTO (1950) studied the stratigraphy around the Owada coal-field anddefined the Owada coal-bearing Formation. He (HASHIMOTO, 1950) recognizeda stratigraphic break between the Owada
Formation and the Yudoro Formationand this was accepted by TsuSHIMA
and YAMAGUCHI (1952), who considered
the formation to be Miocene in age
based upon the geology and good qualityof the coal. HASHIMOTO (1950) collecteda freshwater molluscan fossil, Corbicula
atrata tokudai (YOKOYAMA), at BabaTanzan-no-sawa where the Owada Formation is distributed.
In 1956, T ANAl stated that the Owada
Formation is characterized by Paleogene
plants as Onoclea, Osmunda, Equisetum,
Ulmus, Planera, Mallotus, Pueraria, Platanus, J\!Jaelea, etc., and he correlated theformation with the upper part of the
Ishikari Group. From the heavy mineral
association, T ANAl (1956), IrJIMA andT ANAl (1955) and li]IMA (1957) recognizedsimilarity between the Owada Formationand the Ishikari Group. Recently, HITOSUGI and SASAKI (1959) supported theiropinion.
The age of the fresh-water mollusc
Corbicula atrata tokudai (YOKOYAMA)
collected by HASHIMOTO (1950) from arolled block in the area of distributionof the formation was questioned at thattime as to whether it indicated the
Paleogene or the Neogene. Subsequently, TSUSHIMA and YAMAGUCHI (1953)
reported Viviparus sp., Lanceolaria sp.
and Margaritijera sp. from the formation and based upon them they considered the formation to be Miocene inage and this was later accepted by
TAKEDA (1954), contrary to the Paleogene

age suggested by T ANAl (1956).

Remarks on the Fresh-water Molluscs
from the Coal-bearing
Owada Formation
The coal-bearing Owada Formation
covers with unconformity the unknown
Paleozoic Kumaneshiri Formation which
is mainly composed of schalstein andslate and is covered by the Yudoro andTogeshita formations with unconformity.
The formation distributed around the
Owada Colliery is composed of pebble
conglomerate and medium grained sandstone which yielded the fresh-watermolluscs described in the present article.
Fresh-water molluscan fossils collected
and discriminated from a pale brownish
gray tuffaceous medium grained sandstone exposed along the national roadside near Owada and on the opposite
side of the Rumoi River (see localitymap) are Unio uryuensis SUZUKI, Lanceolaria pisciformis (YOKOYAMA), Margaritifera perdahurica YOKOYAMA, Margaritifera owadaensis NODA, n. sp., and Vivipants cf. uryuensis SUZUKI. These fossils
are restricted in geological and geographical distributions. For example,
Unio uryuensis SuzuKI had been recorded from only the Upper Tachibetsu
Formation* (YOKOYAMA, 1932; SUZUKI,
1941a, 1942), Margaritijera pisciformis(YOKOYAMA) is known from the Lower
and Upper Tachibetsu Formation (YOKOYAMA, 1932), the coal-bearing Yubari
Formation (SuzuKI, 1941a), Lower Corbicula bearing Formation (SUZUKI, 1942,1944), Middle Uryu Group (SUZUKI, 1942),
Margaritijera perdahurica YoKOYAMA
occurs from the coal-bearing Yubari* =Stratigraphic names quoted; stratigraphic nomenclature not undertaken.

563. F1·eshwater Molluscs j?·om Rt~moi

Fig. 1.

237

Map s ho wing the positions of the fo ss il loca lities .

Formation (SUZUKI, 1942, 1944), Yubetsu
Formation (SUZUKI, 1942), Lower Corbi cu l a bearing Formation (SUZUKI, 1942,1944), Tachibetsu Formation (YOKOYAMA,
1932; SUZUKI, 194lb), Wakkanappe Formation (SUZUKI, 1942) and Viviparus
uryuensis SuzuKI is known from theUpper Tachibetsu and Lower Tachibetsu
Formation (YOKOYAMA, 1932; SUZUKI,
194lb), and Middle Uryu Group (SUZUKI,
194lb) all in Hokkaido.
From the above cited data, the coalbearing Owada Formation is considered
to correspond with the Upper Shiroki
to Tachibetsu Formation of the Uryu
Group . Because the lower and upperparts of the Owada Formation are
missing in the present area, exact correlation with other areas is difficult.
However, in broad sense, the formation
may be said to be a correlati ve of the
Uryu or Ishikari Group. The geolog ical
age of the Uryu Group was considered
to be Eocene by T ANAl (1950), ASANO(1962), OHARA (1966), OHARA and KA N'NO
(1969) and SUGAI (1968).
The fossil fresh-water molluscan as-

semblage cited above is known onl yfrom the central part of western Hokkaido in Japan. This fauna comprises
warm wa ter dwellers different from the
freshwater molluscan assemb lage fromthe Sasebo Group in North Kyushu(UEJI, 1934), the coal-bearing Jinbu Formation in Mie Prefecture (SUZUKI, andOYAMA, 1946), the Kaura Formation in
Shimane Prefecture (SUZUKI, 1949) andfrom other sporadic occurrences in Nagano Prefecture (OMORI and lBARAGI,1966 ; SUZUKI, 1949).
The T a ppu and Shimokine fo rmations
are not develop ed in the Owada area
w here the Owada Formation is offiappedby the Miocene Yudoro and Togeshita
formations.
This distribution of thedifferent strata seems to indicate that
the Owada area may have been a margi nal area fa vourable to the dwelling of
freshwater molluscan assemblages andadjacent to the Kabato Massif which ismainly composed of Paleozoic rocks.
It is thought that the Miocene Yudorv
and Togeshita formations were deposited after a long period of eros.iori · sub-Hi1·oshi NODA

238

sequent to the deposition of the coalbearing Owada Formation. This viewis also upheld by the unconformity between the formations lying unconformably on the Unknown Paleozoic Kumaneshiri Formation. It is considered thatthose elevated land areas were distributed in the Owada area durin g the
Miocene Yudoro stage. · From such assumptions, the present writer is inclined
to the view that the coal-bearing Owada
Formation was deposited during the
Paleogene, and the age may be Eocene
based upon the freshwater molluscan
fossils mentioned above contrary to the
Miocene age stated by TSUSHIMA andYAMAGUCHI (1953) and T AKED A (1954).

Description of Species
Family Unionidae FLEMI 1G, 1828
Subfamily Unioninae FLEMING, 1828
Genus Unio PHILIPSON, 1788

teeth along the posterior dorsal side.
The posterior rid ge is rather blunt.
The shell is sculptured with blunt elevated concentric growth lines.
The species is distinguishable fromthe Recent species Unio biwae KOBELT,1879 or Uuio dougla siae GRIFFITH. and
PIDGEON, 1834 (fi de KURODA, 193i) in
having rather shouldered dorsal marginand more inflated shell. Among thefossil species, M argaritifera perdahurica
YoKOYAMA (1932) resembles the present
species in shell form but the latter differs from the former in having a posterior eleva ted ridge.
The shell collected from the coalbearing Owada Formation is rather of
medium size and measures about 5 emin length and 3 em in height.
The specimens of intact and isolated
valves were collected from a tuffaceous,
medium grained sandstone (Loc. no. 1)
where they are rather common.
Locality and formation : Locality nos.
1, 2, Owada Formation.
Depository: IGPS* coil. cat. no. 86890.

Subgenus Unio s. s.
Uni o (Unio) uryuensis SUZUKI, 1941

Genus L anceo laria CONRAD, 1853

Pl. 25, fig s . 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 13

La nceolaria piscifo nnis (YOKOYAMA, 1932)

194lb. Unio uryue nsis S uzu KI, jour. Fac .
Sc i ., Imp. Univ. , Tokyo, S ec . 2, vol. 6,
pt . 2, p. 25- 26, pl. 1, fig s . lla-c.
1942. Un i o uryuensis Suzu KI, Su zuKI, japan ese j our. Ceo!. Ceogr., v ol. 18, no. 4,
p. 151- 152, pl. 17, fig s. 3, 6.

Pl. 25, fig . 10

The present species was originallydescribed based upon the specimen
from the Upper Tachibetsu Formation,
Uryu coal field by SuzuKI in 194lb.
The species is characterized by thetransversely elliptical form, with bothanterior and posterior dorsal partsrather shouldered. The beak is situatedanteriorly and there are long lateral

1932. No dular i a piscif ormis Y OKOYAMA, jour .
Fa c. Sci. Imp. Uni v ., Tokyo, S ec. 2, vol.
3, pt. 6, p. 243, pl. 3, fig s . 1- 2.
194la. Lanceolaria pi scifonnis (Y OKOY Alv!A) ,Suzu KI , Ibid ., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 8- 9, pl.
1, figs. lOa- c.
194lb. Lanceolaria pisciform is (YoKO YAMA),
Suzu KI, Ibid., vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 26- 28,
pl. 1, fig s . 12-13.
1942. Lanceolaria pi sc if onnis (YOKOYAMA),
SuzuK I, japan ese jour . Ceo !. Ceogr.,* =Abbreviation for Institute of Geology
and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
Universit y, Sendai .

5 63.

F1·eshwate1· Moll~~scs fron~ Rumoi

vo l. 18, no. 4, p. 152- 153, pl. 18, fig s .
1- 5, p l. 19, fig s. 1- 2.
1944. Lan ceolaria pis6formis (YoKOY AMA) ,S uZUK I, Tra ns . P roc. Paiaeonl. So c.
j apan , no. 181, p. 7.

The presen t species 'vvas originallydescri bed on the specimen derived fromthe Upper Tachibetsu Formation by
YOKOYAiV!A (1932) un der the name of
Nodularia pisciformis .
Subseq uent ly,
SuzuKI (194lb) re-exam ined the holotype.and referred it to the gen us Lan ceol aria
based upon the hin ge teeth and s hell
"form. T he present species as a lreadymen tion ed by SuzuKI (1941), is characteri zed by the elongated shell form,
rounded anter ior a nd na rrowl y curved
posterior end, elevated posterior ridge.along the posterior side extend ing fro mnear the beak to the posterior end of
the shell, and by the shell sculpture ofblunt irregular elevated growth lin es.
The Recent species in Japan, Lanceo laria cuspidata KIRA (1959 ), diffe rs fromthe present one in having lower a ndlon ger shell, and more acute posterior-e nd . There are no fossil species r eported
from Japa n tha t a r e comparable wi tht he present on e.
The species at hand measures 6.5 em
j n le ngth and 2.5 em in height. It was-collected f rom a tuff aceous, medi um
grained sandstone; rather few .
Locality a nd formation : Locality no.
l, Owada F ormation.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86891.
Family Mar garitif erid ae HAAS, 1941
Genus 1\lfargaritifera SCHMACHER, 1816
Margaritifera perdahurica
YOKOYAMA, 1932
Pl. 25, figs . 8a- b, 9, 11, 12
1890. Anodonta s p. , ]I MBO, p. 42, pl. 1, fig.

239

6. (fide S UZUKI, 1941c).
1932. Nodularia biwae Y oKOYAMA ( not KoBELT, 1879), jo ur. Fac. S ci ., I mp. Univ .,Tolzy o, Sec . 2 , vo l. 3, pt. 6, p. 243- 244,
pJ. 4, fi g. L!_
1932. M argarilifera perdahurica Y or<oY AMA,
I bid., p. 244, pl. 4, fig . 2.
1941b. J\1argari lifera perdahurica Yor<oY A!VIA,Su ZU KI, I bid., vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 24- 25,
pl. 1, fig. 9.
1941c. i\II argaritifera perdahurica Yor-; o y AMA ,Suz uK I, Trans. Pr oc . Palaeont . So c.
j apan, no. 138, p. 102- 104, text -fr gs . 6ac on p. 103. ( reproduction of ] IMBO's,
1890 Anodon t a s p. ).
19,12. Margarit ifera perdahurica Y or<oY AlVI A,
S uzu KI, japan ese j our. Geol. Geogr.,
vol. 18, no. '1, p . 147- 148, pl. 19, fi gs .
3- 7.
1944. M argarilijera perdahuri ca Yo r<OY AMA,
S u z u KI, Tran s. Pro c. P alaeonl . So c.
j apan, no. 181, p . 6, pl. 6, fig s. 1- 2.

The present s pecies was ori g inall ydescribed on the specimen s from t heUp per Tachib ets u F ormation of the
Ury u Gro up by YoKOYAMA in 1932.
Much earli er, JrMBO (1890) illu strated
Anodonta sp. from the lshika ri Series
and this was identified as Margaritifera
pe7'dahurica by Su zuKI in 1941c.
The species is cha ra cterized by theelongatel y ova te fo rm with anterior siderounded and the posterior side slightly
narrow to somewhat acute at the posterior end because of a posterior ridge
extending from near the beak. The
ventral marg in is rather elongated.
Th e shell is sculptured with concentr ic
but irregu lar g rowth lines.
The Recent species Margaritifera margaritifera (LINNAEUS) resembles the present species but dif-fers f rom the latteF
in hav in g mor e rounded shell form andthe beak is situated nearer to the central
part of the shell leng th . The specimens
are rather common in the tuffaceousmedium gr a ined sandstone (Loc. no. 1)

Hiroshi NODA

240

where they occur as intact or molds orcasts of the isolated valve.
Locality and formation: Locality nos.
1, 2, Owada Formation.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86892.
Margaritifera owadaensis NonA, n. sp.
Pl. 25, figs. 3a-c

Shell medium in size, transversely
elliptical in form. Anterior borderrounded and the posterior slightly narrowly rounded compared with the anterior. Ventral margin broadly arcuated.
Dorsal margins not so convex. Shellsurface sculptured with irregular growthlines, some slightly elevated and othersof very fine striations. ·Beak situatedat anterior one third of shell length,
small and compressed. Inner features
not available, but anterior muscle scarstrongly impressed and situated nearbeak.
Shell 3.7 em in length and 1.5 em inheight (holotype).
Comparison and affinities: The present new species is slightly deformed.
It resembles Margaritifera perdahurica
in shell form but differs from the latterin the degree of roundness at both sidesof the shell.
Locality and formation: Locality no.
1, Owada Formation.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86893(Holotype).
Family Viviparidae GRAY, 1848
Genus Viviparus MONTFORT, 1810
Viviparus cf. uryuensis YoKOYAMA, 1932
Pl. 25, fig. 6

Compared with:
1932. Viviparus uryuensis YoKOYAMA, jour.
Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ., Tokyo, Sec. 2,

vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 236-237, pl. 1, figs. 8-91941b. Viviparus uryuensis YoKOYAMA, SuZUKI, Ibid., vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 20-21, pl..
1, figs. 1-4.

The present species was originallydescribed from the Tachibetsu Forma-·tion by YOKOYAMA in 1932. The species at hand is characterized by the,rounded body whorl, swollen base, distinct suture but the upper whorls are'not preserved. The specimen at hand.
somewhat resembles Viviparus jimboi
SUZUKI from the lshikari Series (SUZUKI,
1941c) but the latter has more swollen
body whorl. Viviparus kosasanus UEJI
described from the Sasebo Group in
North Kyushu by UEJI in 1934 differsfrom the specimen at hand by being:
more shouldered at the sutural part andby the swollen periphery, though SuzuKI
and OYAMA (1948) considered the species.
of UEJI (1934) to be a subspecies ofuryuensis.
The species is rather rare in occurrence from the Formation.
Locality and formation: Locality no ..
1, Owada Formation.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86889 ..

References Cited
AsANO, K. 1962, Japanese Paleogene fronr
the view point of Foraminifera with descriptions of new species. (in japanese·with English abstract) Contr. Inst. GeoL
Palaeont., Tohoku Univ., no. 57, p. 1-32,.
pl. 1, figs. 1-2, tabs. 1-2.
ENDO, S. 1931, Cenozoic plant fossils, inIwanami Koza. 44 pp., Iwanami Shoten.
(in japanese).
GRIFFITH, E. and PIDGEON, E., 1834, The,
Mollusca and Radiata, Cuvier•s Animal
Kingdom, vol. 12, p. 1-601, pls. 1-15 ..
(fide KuRODA, 1931).
HASHIMOTO, W., 1950, Geology of the en-·virons of the Kabato Massif, Part 1, On
the base of the Upper Mizuho To in the563.

Freshwater Molluscs from Rumoi

Rumoi oil and coal fields (in japanese).
Bull. Geol. Commit. Hokkaido, no. 13, p.
1-8, 1 map, 1 table.
HITOSUGI, T. and SASAKI, M., 1959, Geological map of the coal-fields of Japan III.
Explanatory text of the Owada district,Rumoi coal field (in japanese with English
abstract). Geol. Surv. japan, 28 pp.
liJIMA, A., 1957, Preliminary note on theheavy mineral association of the Ishikari
Series (Eocene-Oligocene) in the Ishikari,
Kabato and Rumoi coal fields in Hokkaido, Japan. jour. Geol. Soc. japan, voi.
63, no. 737, p. 67-81, pl. 3, figs. 1-4, tabs.
1-3.
liJIMA, A. and T ANAl, T., 1955, On theheavy mineral association of the IshikariGroup, Part 1. Especially on the geologic age of the Kabato and Owada coalbearing Formation (japanese abstractonly). jour. Geol. Soc. japan, voi. 61,
no. 718, p. 332.
IrzuKA, Y. and UEMURA, M., 1919, Reportof the geology of Rumoi and Tomamae
oil and coal fields (in japanese). Min.
Surv. Rep., Geol. Surv. japan, no. 76, p.
74-90, pl. 1.
- - and - - 1920, Report of the geologyof the Rumoi coal and oil fields, Teshio
Province (in japanese). Ibid., no. 30, p.
1-68, pis. 1-2, figs. 1-2, tabs. 1-10.
JIMBO, K, 1890, Hokkaido Chishitsu Ryakuron (in japanese). Hokkaido Prefecture, p. 1-94, pls. 1-7, figs. 1-24, tabs.
1-22 (fide SUZUKI, 1941c).
KrRA, T. 1959. C:>loured illustrations of theshells of Japan (in japanese). Hoikusha,
23 pp., 71 pis.
KoBELT, W., 1879, Fauna molluscorum extramarinorum Japoniae, nach den vonProf. Rein gemachten Sammlungen bearbeitet von. Abhand. Senckenberg. Naturf.
Baba-Tanzan-no-sa wa
Ishikari
Jimbu
Kumaneshiri
Koura
Ow adaRumoi
Shimokine

.~t~
::£i

r'l'

I!Jl!

mw0) iR
~;t

j;J~

"i!l

lft
i<ll

iffi

*f1l *11 133

.J!Ij

r

*c

;@:

241

Gesel., vol. 11, p. 1-171, .pis. 1-23. (fide
KuRODA, 1931).
KuRODA, T., 1931, An illustrated catalogueof the Japanese shells (in japanese).
Venus, voi. 2, no. 6, append. p. 27-76,
figs. 43-93.
NAGAO, T., 1933, Paleogene (in japanese),
Iwanami Koza, Iwanami Shoten, 120 pp.
OHARA, S., 1966, Stratigraphy and geologicalstructures of the Tertiary deposits in the
Uryu coal-field, Hokkaido, Japan (in japanese with English abstract). jour. Colt.
Arts. Sci., Chiba Univ., vol. 4, p. 617630, figs. 1-6, tabs. 1-2.
- - and KAN'NO, S., 1969, Mid-Tertiarymolluscan fauna of the Uryu coal field(in japanese). Fossils, no. 17, p. 41-49,
figs. 1-2.
OMORI, M. and IBARAGI, N., 1966, On the
fresh-water molluscan fauna collectedfrom the Komoro Group, Nagano Prefecture (in japanese). jour. Soc. Earthsci.
Amat. japan, no. 17, p. 41-43, pis. 1-2,
figs. 1-4.
SASA, Y ., 1938, On the stratigraphic position of the coal deposits in the Uryu
coal fields in Hokkaido (in japanese).
Trans. Hokkaido Coal-mining Soc., no.
291, p. 1-16, pl. 1.
SUGAI, K., 1968, Geological maps of the coal
fields of Japan VIII. Study on the stratigraphy and geological structure of UryuRumoi coal fields, Hokkaido, Japan (injapanese with English abstract). Geol.
Surv. japan, 61 pp.
SuzuKI, K., 1941a, Some non-marine shells
from the Oligocene Ishikari Series in the
Ishikari coal-field, Hokkaido. jour. Fac.
Sci., Imp. Univ., Tokyo, Sec. 2, vol. 6,
pt. 1, p. 1-11, pis. 1:-2, figs. 1-2.
- - 1941b, Notes on the Tertiary non-marine Mollusca from the coal-field of Uryu,
ShirokiTappu
Tachibetsu
Togeshita
YudoroYubari
Yubetsu
Wakkanappe

s

iJ!
~
~1\i
;1.

/y
Jf.jl;

:fi

*
:fli

7J

j)lj

r

- r "'
~~
j)lj

~

242

Hiroshi NODA

Hokkaido. Ibid., vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 13-37,
pis. 1-2, figs. la-b.
- - 194lc, On the three Tertiary non-marine shells illustrated inK. JIMBO's "Hokkaido Tisitu Ryakuron (Geological sketchof Hokkaido), 1890 ". Trans. Pro c. ?alaeant. Soc. japan, art. 138, p. 520-525, figs.
1-6.
- - 1942, The Tertiary naids of Hokkaido
in the collection of the Department of
Geology and Mineralogy, Hokkaido Imperial University. japanese jour. Geol.
Geogr., val. 18, no. 4, p. 141-156, pis.
18-19.
- - 1944, Notes on some Tertiary non-marine Mollusca from North Nippon (injapanese with English abstract). Trans.
Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, art. 181, p.
100-109, pis. 50-51.
- - 1949, Development of the fossil nonmarine molluscan faunas in Eastern Asia.
japanese jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 21, nos.
1-'1, p. 91-133, tabs. 1-23.
- - and OYAMA, K., 1948, Fresh-water shells
from the coal bearing Tertiary formationsin Mie-ken, Japan (in japanese with English abstract). Venus, val. 15, nos. 1-4,
p. 36-44, figs. 1-5.
T AKAI, F., 1950, A1nynodon watanabei fromthe Latest Eocene of Japan with a briefsummary of the Latest Eocene Mammalian faunule in Eastern Asia. Rep.
G2o!. Surv. japan, no. 131, p. 1-14, pl.
1, tabs. 1-2.

TAKEDA, H., 1954, Geological interpretationof the Rumoi oil field (in Japanese withEnglish abstract). jour. japan. Assoc.
Petrol. Tech., vol. 19, no. 5, p. 155-163,.
ftgs. 1-9.
TANAI, T., 1956, On the geologic age of the
Owada and Kabato coal-bearing formations in Hokkaido, Japan (in japanesewith English abstract). Bull. Geol. Surv.
japan, vo!. 7, no. l, p. 11-20, figs. 1-3,.
table l.
TsusHIJ\IA, K. and YAMAGUCI.II, s:, 1954, Explanatory text of the geological map ofJapan, Scale 1: 50,000, Rumoi (in japanese with English abstract). Ceo!. Surv.
japan, 16 pp.
UEJI, T., 1934, Fresh-water fos::;il molluscs
from Kitamatsuura coal-field, Northern
Kyushu, Japan (in japanese with English
abstract). Venus, vol. 4, no.· 6, p. 341350, pls. 5-7.
YAMAC>~E, S., 1912a, Report of the geologyof Rumoi and Tomamae areas, Teshio·
Province (in japanese).
Min. Surv.
Rep., Geol. Surv. japan, no. 10, p. 1-84,
pis. 1-2, figs. 1-2, tabs. 1-5.
- - 1912b, Report on the geology of Rumoi
and Tomamae areas, Teshio Province (inJapanese). Ibid., no. 10, p. 85-122, pls.
1-3, figs. 1-2.
YoKOYAMA, M., 1932, Tertiary Mollusca fromthe coal-field of Uryu, Ishikari. jour.
Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ., Tokyo, Sec. 2, vol.
3, pt. 6, p. 221-247, pls. 1-4.

Explanation of Plate 25(All figures in natural size)
Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 13. Unio uryuensis SuzuKI, p. 238, Loc. no. 1, Owada Formation, TGPS
coil. cat. no. 86890.
Fig;;. 3a-c. Margaritijera owadaensis NooA, n. sp., p. 240, Loc. no. l, Holotype, 3a: rightvalve, 3b: left valve, 3c: umbilical view, Owada Formation, IGPS col!. cat. no. 86893.
Fig. 6. Viviparus cf. uryuensis YoKOYAMA, p. 240, Loc. no. 1, Owada Formation, IGPS coil.
cat. no. 86889.
Figs. 8a-b, 9, 11, 12. Margaritijera perdahurica YoKOYAMA, p. 239-240, Loc. no. 1, Owada
Formation, IGPS coil. cat. no. 8(;)892.
Fig. 10. Lanceolaria piscijormis (YoKOYAMA), p. 238-239, Loc. no. 1, Owada Formation, IGPS
coil. cat. no. 86891.
(All specimens are preserved in the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science,
Tohoku Univenity, Sendai, Japan)

Plate 25

NODA : FTeshwate1· Molluscs /Tom Rumoi

3a

1

3b

6

Sa

9

10

KU MAGA I

photo.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No . 77, pp. 243- 248, pl. 26, Apr il 10, 1.970

564. HALOBIA STYRIACA, UPPER TRIASSIC PELECYPOD,DISCOVERED I N OKIN A W A-JIMA, THE RYUKYU ISLAN DS*TEIICHI KOBAYASHI
Un i vers ity of TokyoandT AKASHI ISHIBASHI
Departm ent of Geology, Kyus bu Univers ity

ff,iJ;J(i'i'K:lllil<::lj~I:J-~""Th:r:c r.):(.)]

Halobia styriaca O)i)EJil_ :(_jji(i;n:l'i' K:1ffiUh7l\:l11\ ~l= ,li\l;-c'·Th.l'i!. L t::1 t T:i 0) ? 1? 1:: H alobia styriaca ;9: ;Jo -:d:. o Styriaca group 0)" P 1::' 7 v'i tJ - .::. " {I
F>l!rt;\' i!['"(· iJb IJ , H alobia styriaca v'i l"lf.'tliT l'.·l\1:: t~H'I!di'·JfJ:{'l)-c· ;Jo ~ 0)'"(' , ff,if.j( O) styriaca /[;i\~<b 1"111~1'(-t c ~ .:Z Gh ~O)fi]f;J:. 7 ; [.. 7" 7- Jll!./J iP G 1 / ,: :/7 0) mHc 5-! 111 L.. "( V' t:.~ltiJ:'I~u -?
--c v' t:. n: , ~ 0) iJE ~ -c· ;: :_ 0) 7 7- 7- :f•li n: l•N>ffi '! -c· 111; -? --c v, t:. ~r nq'IJ -? t.::.
0

*

;:::_

0

+~*t1- · T:i1;ri;

It was some yea rs ago that new fossil
localities were discovered in the Nakijin
Formation by the junior author (1969) at
Nakijin and Kamimotobu villages, Motobu peninsula, Okinawa-jima and a small
lot of fossils was submitted the seniorauthor through Dr. KONISHI for identification. As the preliminary observation
has already been reported in the 94th
meeting of the Palaeontological Societyof japan at Akita, 1966, it included Halobia styriaca and a few other pelecypods.
The styriaca horizon is definitely Carnic and most probably lower Carnic inage, because the known occurrences ofthe Halo bia styriaca group are exclusively in the Carnic stage and Ha lobia styriaca as a species is typical of the lower
Carnic fauna. The discovery of such an~

Upper Triassic fossil beds in Okinawa
is ind eed an important addition to thestratigraphic column of the Ryukyu islands.
Setting aside obscure occurrences ina few places of the Pacific province, thedistribution of the styriaca group has so
far been restricted to the region fromthe Alps to Indonesi a. Therefore th e
Okinawa styriaca indicates the eastern
limit of the distribution of this Tethys
species.
Since that time the junior author
found additional new localities and greatly amplified the collection of pelecypods,
ammonoids and other fossils by repeatedexplorations so much that it requires
more time to be worked out. Therefore
only Halobia styriaca is described here
as an advanced report.
Here the authors record their best
thanks to Professor Kenji Ko NISHI of*Received Aug. 29, 1969; read N ov. 29,
1969 at Kagosbima.

243

244

Teiichi KOBAYASHI and Takashi ISHIBASHI

the Kanazawa University for his courtesy and assistance which they received
in connection with this study.

Family Halobiidae KITTL
Genus Halobia BRONN
The Halobia styriaca GroupKITTL (1912) classified Halobia species
into 11 groups. The styriaca group is
one of them having the round or oval
outline of the shell, scarcely prosogyral
umbo, simple fiat anterior ear, indistinct
or flattened posterior triangular field andradial ribs broad, simple generally andsometimes once bifurcated, but twice bifurcation is rare. He referred the following 10 species to the styriaca group :Halobia areata KITTL: North Alps, Carnic.
Halobia arthaberi KrTTL: North Alps,
upper (?) Carnic.
Halobia beyrichi (Mo;s.): North Alps,
Carnic.
Halobia bosniaca KrTTL: Dinarid, Carnic.
Halobia landlensis KrTTL: North Alps,
Carnic.
Halobia (?) lenticularis (GEMM.) : Italy(Basilicata and Sicily), North Alps (?),
lower Carnic.
Halobia (?) lepsiusi (GEMM.): North Alps,
Carnic.
Halobia marmorea KrTTL: North Alps,
lower Carnic.
Halobia (?) .richthofeni (Mo;s.): South
Alps, lower Carnic 1St. Cassian).
Halobia styriaca (MOJS.): North Alps,
Hungary, Roumania (Dobrudscha), Dinarid (Bosnia, Dalmatia), Greece, Sicily, Indonesia (Timor, North Sumatra),lower Carnic.

The distribution of the above species

is written here with reference to not
only KrTTL's (1912), but also later publications. (See DIENER, 1923, KUTASSY,
1930, KOBAYASHI and MASA TANI, 1968).
All of them were described from theCarnic stage of the Alps and the Mediterranean region or Southeast Europe
except for the isolated occurrences of
H. styriaca in Indonesia (VOLZ, 1899,
KRUMBECK, 1921, 24, WANNER, 1931).
Halobia cf. styriaca and H. aff. styriaca
are known to occur respectively at Basiliaca, Italy and the Himalaya (DIENER,
1908). Of H. cf. styriaca from the Malayan frontier of Thailand (KOBAYASHI
and TOKUYAMA, 1959), CHEN (1964) identified it with Halobia substyriaca nov.
from the Carnic of Western Szechuan.
Halobia styriaca has once been reported by PrROUTET (1908) from the isle ofSonde, New Caledonia in association
with Halobia kwaluana in the basal partof the Upper Triassic formation, but nopalaeontological work has since been
published of the species. ARTHABER
suggested the possible occurrence of thesame species in Mexico, but this suggestion has presumably been derived
from the confusion of the species with
H. austriaca (FRECH, 1907, KITTL, 1912).
KITTL (1912, p. 94) quoted that "DieArt (H. styriaca) ist geradezu ein Leitfossil fUr die unterkarnischen Schichten." In North America Halobia arthaberi and H. aff. lepsiusi were reported
to occur in western Canada in the lower Noric stage (TOZER, 1961, McLEARN,
1960), but a further information is needed to confirm their specific identification.

Halobia styriaca (Mo;srsovrcs)
Pl. 26, figs. 1-10, text-figs. a, b.

1874. Daonella styriaca MoJS. Abhandl. k. k.
geol. R.-Anst., Bd. 7, p. 10, pl. 1, figs.

564.

Halobia from Okinawa-Jima

4-5.
1899. Daonella styriaca VoLz, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesell., Bd. 51, p. 27, pl. 1,
fig. 1.
1906. Daonella styriaca RE;\;Z, Neues ]ahrb.
f. Min. etc., 1906, I, p. 30, pl. 3, figs.
1-2, non 3.
1907. Daonella styriaca WANNER, N eues
]ahrb. f. Min. etc., Beil. Bd. 24, p. 194,
pl. 9, fig. 3.
1912. Halobia styriaca KITTL, Result, wiss.
Erforsch. Balaton-Sees, 1 Bd., 1 Th.
Pal. Bd. 2, p. 9, pl. 6, figs. 3-7.
1924. Halobia styriaca KRUMBECK, Palaeont.
von Timor, Lief. 13, p. 132, pl. 9, fig.
8, pl. 10, figs. 1-6.
1925. Halobia styriaca DIENER, Leitfossilien,
4 Lief. p. 27, text-fig. 5.
1930. Halobia styriaca KuTASSY, Foeldtani
Koezleony, Bd. 60, p. 205, pl. 3, fig. 2.

None of the specimens before hand:shows a complete outline of the shell,
but evidently it is fairly tall and nearly-equilateral. The umbo is located submedially, but a little anteriorly, moderately convex, slightly projected above
the hinge margin and apparently short-er than the shell-length; The proportional height to the length is not exactly determinable, because all specimens
are deformed.
The anterior ear is very fiat and·smooth, but it is not clearly separated
from the inflated main part of the shell.
Therefore it appears very indistinct,
when the shell is flattened. The posterior triangular area is narrower thanthe ear and ill-defined. There radial
sculptures are obscure or absent.
Some concentric grooves or folds arewell marked in the umbonal one-third-or one-fourth of the shell which is more
inflated than the remaining part. They.are generally stronger on the posterior
lateral side. Additional concentric folds<Or geniculations are occasionally met
with in grown stages. Radial ribs are245

obscure in the umbonal part where theconcentric sculptures are strong. Some
15 to 20 ribs are countable in the median part of the shell in the middle stageof growth. They are very broad, fiat,
straight and separated from one anotherby narrow grooves. Some posterior ribs
are, however, slightly arcuate with backward convexity. These ribs are partly
bifurcated and very rarely even twice
bifurcated by insertion of similar narrow grooves.
Figure 2 and 1 are respectively an
external mould of a left valve and its
rubber cast respectively. It measures
19 mm in height and its outline isthought less deformed than other specimens. The shell is nearly as long ashigh; umbo almost median and only alittle projected above the hinge marginwhich is straight and horizontal in frontof the umbo, but the margin is gradually descending behind the umbo andmore distinctly slant than in other specimens. The other margins are wellrounded. The shell is gently inflated
and the convexity is strengthened in
the umbonal region where some 10
concentric folds are regularly disposed.
The anterior ear is simple, depressed
and fiat, but somewhat thickened at thehinge margin. The preumbonal angleof the ear is about 20 degrees.
The Posidonia or Bositra stage transmits into the Halobia stage at the heightof about 7 mm. Radial ribs are broad,
fiattopped and separated from one another by narrow grooves, some of which
are bifurcated by insertion of a groove.
Anterior ribs are straight, while posterior ones are gently arcuate withbackward convexity. About 20 ribs arecountable near the ventral margin, buton the lateral sides of the shell the
ribbing becomes obsolete.
The left valve in fig. 3 which is 50

246

Teiichi KOBAYASHI and Talcashi ISHIB ASHI

mm long is nearly full mature. The
height of this shell appears somewhat
redu <;ed secondarily. Some 23 ribs arecountable along the ventral margin in
the main middle part which forms anumbonal angle of 130 degrees.
In the specimen in fig. 4 t wo va lvesa re disposed almost rectang ularly andstrongly deformed in a diagonal direction. The up per arid lower shell in thefi g ure are r especti vely narrowed or
shortened seco'rrciaril y. The radial a ndconcentric sculptures w hich a re rectang ular to the direction of compression
are strongly emp hasized whereas thoseparallel to the direction are obscured.
Th e left va lve in fig . 6 is compressed
diagonally as can be judged from its
outline as well as distinct concentricstriae in the posterior portion which areotherwise generally imperceptible.
The shells in figs. 5 and 7 are laterally compressed with the result it isseen that the length of the shell isquite reduced and the radial ribs andgrooves are strengthened. Due to secondary emphasis of inserted grooves
the ribs appear denser in these shells
than in those in figs. 1 and 2. In fact
they are countable about 30 in the specimen in fig. 7.
The above specimens were all collecteel at the ruin of the Naki jin castle.
The specimen in fig. 8 which ' was obtained at Motobu high school is similarly compressed laterall y, so that theshell looks tall and the ribs are densel ypopulated. The figures 9 and ·10 show
the umbonal region of two specimensfrom the se cond locality which · are notmuch deformed. They agree well inoutline and sculpture with the shellfrom the first locality in figs . 1 and 2
which is also · almost undeformed. ·In the authors' opinion t wo small specimens from Motobu high school illus-

trated here are immature shells of thisspecies. Radial ribs a re absent in theright va lve, 12 mm long (tex t-fig ure a).
It is fairl y convex and the anterior ear
clearly defined by a shallow g roove.
Its concentric sculpture consists of broadfolds separated by narrow grooves andfiner g roo ves on the folds. These concentric sculptures are stronger on theposterior than the anterior side w here
only th e growth striae are v isible. On
the anter ior side they a r e abruptly bent
backward near the hinge marg in. The
right va lve in fig. 9 r epresents the nex t
stage of growt h in which radial ribs
appear in the middl e an d anterior portions. A few radials are already bifurcated.
Anoth er small ri g ht va lve in text-fig.
b is exceptionally attached w ith thecounter va lve. The surface sculptureis, however, ill-preser ved in this speci- ·
men.

a

b

of

Text-fig . a. Rub bet· casta s mall ri ght
va lve; HMO. x 3
Text-fig. b. Rubber cas t of a s mall ri ght
va lve attached with the counterva lve; HMO. x 2~ .

In the outlin e of the shell, position of
the umbo and particularly in the aspectsof concentric and radi al sculptures thisOkinawa form fits nicely with the groupof Halobia styriaca by KITTL 'and especially with Ha lobia styriaca . It is closer

564.

Halobia j1·om OkincLwa-Ji1na

to H. styriaca than H. areata KITTL
which the latter was synonymized withth e former by KRUMBECK (1924). Because the ear of this species is notalways distinctive, it has originally beenplaced by MOJSISOV ICS in Daonella. It
has been accepted by some others until
KITTL transferred it to Halobia.
Daonella cassia na MOJSISOVICS is acommon associate with Halob ia styriaca
with which it was confused by RENZ
(1906) and others. Like Daonella styriaca
Mo.r s rso vrcs , D. cassiana was transJerredlater into the genus Hal obia by KRUMBECK (1924). Hal obia cassiana red efinedby KR UMBECK differs from H. styriaca
in having a more anterior umbo, longer
shell expanded postero-ventra ll y andradial ribs much more numerous incomparison vvith H. sty-riaca . He included
Ha lobia arthaberi KITTL in his H. cassiana . In cidentall y, KRUMBECK er ected
D aonella lzittli to includ e Da onella cas siana by BITT NER (1895) and KITTL(1912 ).
Halob ia cassiana (MOJS.) var. yunnan·
ensis RE ED (1927) from the Upper Triassic of Yunnan is represented by afe w deformed specimens w hich look
more likely a member of the H. aust1·iacagroup rather than the 1-J. styriaca group.
H. yunnanensis ma y be a close all y to
Halobia lnualuana VOLZ of the formergroup.
Finall y, Ha lobia tob ensis KOBA Y AS H!
and MASATA NI (1968) from the Carnicof S umatra has the outline of the shelland some other aspects resembling thisspecies, but it fits better with the H.
au sl1·iaca gro up in the mode of ribbing.
Occurrence :- Dark grey siltstones of
the Naki jin format ion at localities, HMO
and HNa- P.
HMO : Motobu high school, Motobucho, Okinawa.
HNa- P : 200m west of the ruin of the247

Nak ijin cast le, Naki jin -son, Okinawa.
This is the eastern most occurrencesof Halo bia styriaw because its known
distribution has been in the lower Carnic beds from th e Alps to Indonesia.

References
BITTNER, A . (1895) : Lamellibranchiaten der
Alpine Trias . Abh . /1. k . geo!. R eich.esan st., 10 (1) .
CHEK, Cl1U-chen (1964) : On the Occurren ceof H alobia Fauna from the Ganzi Reg ion,West-Sichuan (Szechuan ). a nd its S ign ificance . Acta Pal. S inica , vo l. 12, no. l.
Di eNeR, C. (1908) : Ladini c, Carnic and Nor ic
Faunae of Spiti . P alaeontol . I ndi ca, Ser .
15, Vo l. 5, M em. No. 2.
- - (1923): L amell ibran ch iata triadica. Fos silium Catalogus 1 , Animalia, Pars 19.
- - (1925) : Leitfoss ilien der Trias. Wirbeilose Tier und Kalkalgen. G. GORI CH'S
L eitfossilien , 4te Lief.
FRECH, F. ( 1907) : Ueber A v ic ulid e n von
P alaeozo ikum H ab itus aus de r Trias vonZacatecas . Compte R endu de Ia Xeme
Session Con.fre s geol ogique intern. M exico,1906. f e1· Fasc .
l s HIBA SIII , T. (1969) : Stratigraphy of theTriass ic Formation in Okin awa-ji ma, R y uk y u. M em . Fac . Sci . J(yushu Uni v ., S er.
D, Geology , V ol. 19, N o. 3.
KIT TL , E . (1912) : M ate ria li en zu einer
Monog r ap hie der H alo biid ae und Monotidae der Trias . R esult. wiss . E1-j. B ala tonsees, 1 Bel. Th. Pal. Bel. 2.
KOB AYAS HI , T. an d M ASA T AK I, K . (1.968) :Upp e r Triass ic H alobia (Pelecypoda) fromNo rth Sum at ra w ith a Note on the H alobia F ac ies in Indonesia. j apan . j our .
Ceo!. Geogr., Vo l. 39, Nos. 2- 4.
- - and T oKUYAMA, A. ( 1959): The Halobiae ·from Thailand . j our . Fac. S ci ., Univ.
Tol1yo, Se c. 2, Vol. 12, Pt. l.
K RUMBECK, L . ( 1924) : Die ·Brachiopoden,
Lamellibranchiaten und Ga<:> tropod en der
Trias von Timor, 2. Pala eo1i to i." von T imor, Lief. 13.
K uTASSY, A. (1928): Die Aus bildung der248

Teiichi KOBAYASHI and Takashi ISHIBASHI

Trias im Morna Gebirge (Ungaren-Siebenbiirgen). Centralbl. f. Min. etc. ]ahrg.
1928, Abt. B, No. 5.
- - (1930) : Triadische Fossilien von Portu_giesischen Timor. Foezldtani Koezloeny,
Bd. 60.
- - (1931) : Lamellibranchiata triadica, 2.
Fossilium Catalogus, 1, Animalia, Pars
51.
McLEARN, F.H. (1960) : Ammonoid Faunasof the Upper Triassic Pardonat Formation, Peace River Foothills, British Columbia. Geol. Surv. Canada, Mem. 31.
MoJsrsovrcs, E.V. (1874): Ueber die Pelecypodengattungen Daonella und Halobia.
Abhandl. geol. Reichesanst. 7 (2).
PrROUTET, M. (1908) : Note sommaire surle Trias de Ia Nouvelle Caledonie. Bull.
Soc. geol. France, 4 Ser., t. 8.

REED, F.R.C. (1927): Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Fossils from Yunnan. Pal. Indica,
N.S., Vol. 10, No. 1.
RENZ, C. (1906) : Ueber Halobien und Daonellen aus Griechenland nebst asiatischen
Vergleichstucken. Neues ]ahrb. f. Min.
etc. jahrg., 1906, Bd. 1.
TozER, E.T. (1961): The Sequence of Marine Triassic Fauna in Western Canada.
Geol. Surv. Canada, Paper 61-6.
VoLz, W. (1899): Beitrage zur geologischen
Kenntniss von Nord-Sumatra. Zeitschr.
deutsch. geol. Gesell., Bd. 51.
WANNER, ]. (1907) : Triaspetrefakten der
Mollukken und des Timorarchipels. Neues]ahrb. f. Min. Bd. 24.
- - (1931) : Mesozoikum. Leidsch geologi
sche Medd., Dee! 5.

Explanation of Plate 26
Halobia styriaca (MoJsrsovrcs) from Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands
Loc. HNa-P: 200m west of ruin of Nakijin castle, Nakijin-son, Okinawa.
Loc. HMO: Motobu high school, Motobu-cho, Okinawa.
Fig. 1. . Rubber cast of a left valve from HNa-P. x 2
Fig. 2. External mould of the same valve as the preceding. x 3
Fig. 3. A left valve cut by a vein; HNa-P. x 1!
Fig. 4. Two deformed valves disposed almost rectangularly; HNa-P. x 1!
Fig. 5. Internal mould of a left valve laterally compressed: HNa-P. x 1!
Fig. 6. Rubber cast of a left valve diagnonally compressed; HNa-P. x 1!
Fig. 7. Rubber cast of a left (?) valve laterally compressed; HNa-P. x 1!
Fig. 8. Rubber cast of a right valve laterally compressed; HMO. x 2
Fig. 9. Rubber cast of a right valve; HMO. x 1!
Fig. 10. Rubber cast of a left (?) valve; HMO. x 2.

KoBAYASHI and ISHIBASHI:

Halobia styriaca

Plate 26

249

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

B:;$:[l)~1tJ'¥:S<1lf~

103 @f9US<lk.lf:/Y;f-~r/.b.

vi, 1969 ~ 11 J'l 29 B (±)~12 R 1 B (R) OJ 3
IJ 1:::. bt::.-:> "L 11ilJ1'.~:*~7: !l!l~tJIJ:fu~f:~~ ':!:: S<tHJ C.
1...---cf;~ifli~ht::. C~1Jn~·704';),

jima, the Ryukyu Islands ............. .
.......... KoBAYASHI, T. & IsHIBASHI, T.
Upper Triassic ammonites from Okinawajima, Ryukyus .............. IsHIBASHI, T.
JJf!IBill'f:c7 Y-'E- 71 r Barroisiceratinae 0)

571TI:lF-*ft · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .tL;:;>js:i!Ji!i>
JltiJll.,~jm

On the distribution of Dictyozamites andits palaeobotanical significance ........ .
.............................. KIMURA, T.
lli~1'ffL!hllf~O):fffiMfl rJ;~tf-OJ~Hifll~- ~<'n: -9 :lj.

bft · C. tf:lj.JJ!.~OJfiiHJTIC."?v'"L .. ;Nf\tf:£Ahermatypic corals from the Pleistocene
Ninomiya Formation in Kanagawa Prefecture, central Japan ...... HAMADA, T.
Discovery of Calceola from the Fukuji
Series, Gifu Prefecture, Japan ........ .
. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. HAMADA, T.
4f'Jv ;f-. r; ~Ji OJ 1i!z: lH lliJ:$:~ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . :5 Mi 31Hli
Fossil Mollusca from Teshima, Shodo-gun,
Kagawa Prefecture, Southwest Japanctt~)n................................. .

. .. .. . SAITo, M., BANDO, Y. & NoDA, M.
Hf)llftft15~\f0)~~ (..:CO) 2)-Suchium suchiense, S. s. subsuchiense -".O)~ft- ..... .

··································± l>i-

Molluscan fauna of the Kukinaga Group in
Tane-ga-shima, South Kyushu, Japan ..
........................... HAy AS AKA, s.
B:;$:illt..l:.t[lf3:!l!i3f-!/0 4'-->' 0 7-.IC."?v'"L ......

................................. ·IIlftlEZ:
A review of some Cretaceous corbiculids
in North America ................ OTA, Y.
The hinge structure of Trigonoides, withdescription of Trigonoides mifunensis
sp. nov., from upper Cretaceous Mifune
Group, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan ..
............................. TAMURA, M.

Jf11:.t\:O) "i!fi1fft'l" .=tx:fUC."?v'"L .... )Ifll]( t%7P->' r 0-0)j!J:t!liPi?:lj.f::. 2 ~~~'f!tO)~~........................ ~rll~nA0 · Jili7Jc 1%
Halobia styriaca (MOJSISOVICs), upper Triassic pelecypods, discovered in Okinawa-

3'z:ftt Y !l-1::: ~!IS•i ~ :hJ::.;j,JII~iSE\:
r ...... tL;:$:i~Ii!rs • :;~c~r&z

qJl~0)7 Y-'E-7-1

Permian brachiopods from Khao Phrik,
Thailand (ftjj/C) ............ YANAGIDA, J.
n1 ® ~ t.tmitl i!IA, wrr ut 't'f !lt 1Ji . . . . . . . . . . . . ;<£ 7M.nAddition to the Permian Bryozoa from
Komuk, Peninsular Thailand ......... .
............................ SAKAGAMI, s.

-r

iti1i.liil i1Jt,~*£j J~M\Hi)](£0) ::1 ; r· Y r O):i:i!l'f!tJl~.fttO)~fii·. · · · · · · · · · · · -~..l:.~Jt:t:: · i¥JJII~:iJI1::
Elaphurus shikamai OTSUKA O)!*.=OJt)'!(:;$:1:::"?v'--c ........................... ·*~:faz:/Y;f-~rj.b. ljL)I-!-[O)!*fi9:iF-J fii3:;$:J:t!l'f!t'¥:S<J!913 :$:::!dill c. ;J:l;.HJHU: fJ, 11 Jl 30 s ( Fl) l::::ffb~ct:.,!f.~n:::::. -g;r.~nx~)

cuu.sA ··~ttll • Jl\i:tl1.7tJI·IO)~fi9:1F-.............. ~rlJl!E:0;!t7L'l·I·JO)~fi9*ckLlJIWF'f; · · · · · · · · · · · · · · t~;$:1£:1::

lJaA1m.mlill~II9:iF-O)J\tlrt; C.1EMll1~ .... ?.1lim iii!
lf~~~e~~d.mJm~~~~::J70)~•M~~:IYlliJfJr:-c.

<lqiiJi:tlw~O)r.,~m-.

·*"

fri~Jz:........................ illii.~ rWI
llt!J~,l6jr1J;jl::;l}JI~II9:1F- &1t15J\tl0)}\tl ~~j{,f, ..... .
. ....................... :;lc;;t~r,?; . .'f'-~1'¥':::::.
YML'l+JO) :/7 ;;<. IC. "?v'L · .'fifi-1-EE]EIJ)J · '§'J:i!!:t\~.7L"l·I·JO)JlP.;fi9*c'tffff1lih¥!J~f ............. . :;~c~r&z
i¥fl!§f.'fi,l6j~II9:1F-O)Ji!z:M~tt~ ............... .
........................ :*ttaAMi; • ,J,®WJ\.=
H.~lml~O)/li'f!t C.1'f1L!TI .............. £\:~ 7'.i
.7L'l+I®:1J~l:9.X.OJ1wnX:Jl'f.l'l1i!JJf10)~1i!JI.H~ll1~ ..
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·lUi:EE3fi'r,?;~ J':!i?~;~ij(J)~Il9*

12 R 1 13 (R) IC. fi, :!:i!!'f!tilli~ IJJ!!JC,l6ji~itft!l.ml
illOJ~II9:1F-J ;0;-Wfr~~t::.,.'f'-~1'¥:::::. • *~r&z

c~i*lif· **~0)e~;;tfiJ~ •250
a*~~~~~ ~ro ~~~ · A~~~~ . ~roil-'- 1 FJ 19 E1 (FJ) · 20 o C*) O) jiijjEJ, WJd~J!X: "'t:::. fili i:~ 1'!·0) JR;It:.* "J!: JlH"Ji:ifll Jilin ~f: · 1'1 ~:. i''J

rn *w~~~ -C 1'Tbht..: (~1Jn:tf 55 1:",) o

North American Paleontological Convention ,1969 ...... - ....... . ..... JJ!i llnifij•;J;i: . t!lii :J:t.!fJ!£ :ff~

Evolution and classification of Sphenophyilales in upper Pa leozoic Catha ys ia Flora........ . . ...... .. ............. ASAMA, K.
Some palynomorphs from the upper Cretaceo us sediments of Hokkaido .. .. . .... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T AKAHAS HI, K .
Evolutionary trend of Acer in East As ia
and North America ......... . .. T ANA I, T.
Miocene coccolithophorids from Noto, Japa n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N ISHID A, s.
Nannofoss ils from the Nohori and Anana iformations, Shikoku, Japan .. N iSH IDA, S.
*•~~m~~0)~~~70)&a~~~~~•
3<~1Wi f} ~ 0) 1'1J1iH::. -::> v' -c ( -=J-~fl) · · .. {til- *~II

Miocene Foraminifera from the Sandakan· form a tion, Noi·th Borneo ........ U J li E, H.
Cluster analysis of li v ing planktonic asse mblages in the Southeas t Indian Ocean ..
................ N AGASE, K. & UJIIE, H.
On some s pecies of Thecosphaera from the·N eogene formation s, J apan ........... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N AKAS EKO, K.

©
()).. ........ ........ .. ~~ ~*~~ · * W V-

Radiolarian fo ss ils from the Oidaw a ra formation in Gifu Prefecture, Japan ... . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l EDA , K.
An interes ting s pecies of Ca tania from theRat Buri Limes tone, centra l Thailand ..
..... .. .. ..... ............... ... ... OzA w A, T ., K ANME RA, K. & T oR IYA MA, R.
Recent and fo ss il Rapana from the Pacificcoas t of North America . ..... .. K ANNO, S.
Note on the molluscan assemblage in Us uki
Bay, K y ushu . . ...... ... ....... SH UTO, T.
Lower Triassic ammonoid s from the Kitakami Mass if .... .. . .. .. ....... BAN DO, Y ·Uncommon keeled ammonites from the upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido -and Saghalien ... . . .. ... .. .......... M ATSUMOTO, T.
Earl y Devonian brachiopods from the Lesser
Khingan di s trict of Northeast China .. . .
. ..... . .. . ... .... . ... ...... . . H AMA DA, T .
Occurren ce of marine repti le bones fromthe upper Cretaceous Futaba Group . ...
......... . ... 0 BATA, I. & H ASEGAWA, Y .
A new elasmosaur from the upper Cretaceous Futaba Group ..... ... ... . .. ... . ... .
. . ........... H ASE GAWA , Y. & OBATA, I.
7 1 "/ :/ a :/ • r 7 "/ ~ li~ 1:. J:: 6 JJ!.~ :/ •\' ~ J~t<flO) r7 7 :.-'O)jj;;\:([IC -::>v'"( .. · · · · · · · · · · · ·. · ·....... -. . ......... . -... * t"tAJl t(jf~ · <f•i§ ~JJ!.~ ·1t1':iM;f:;j;:!f9Ji7JHU-oft6

a•so. a••c O) ~iHJl

M ~J::U ~ BM~-~~-::> 'L ···· · ··· · ···. . . . . . . . . . . . . . l:jl ill {!§= •fill= . ~~i ;):j: :It;]"'i1§

liMiAIHl? r1t T:i ''I=•0) ITrl fli {:;j;: J li 1 Fl 20 1=1LH!i: 2
A<!i' 30 5-H ~ l)llf1U C:: ht: o (il!:l\l'iA r§i tmi~-;5- · i:l'lEfl~it±)

197o ~!JtJ:: ~ O).A.~:ff (1970 ~ 1 FJ 18 B O)~nlii~~<: 7f(~) '.Mfll!l~~ 13 ~ . :tn ~~~ 12 ~ CI~.HJJimt )mil~l~iiS. 4-:J:t.J!'±=. 1Jn@i.illML 1L ilJ 3'i:~ . 1\f:EB ~ ±Ji(L :=:* ~ . *'J ~:.&: -,. ~ J:ili~ffi ~ . LIJ ! h~ &h:fi; ,fJ)jliR ~ . lliilii.¥.11.~11, Lloyd H. BuRCKLE, Ferreira SoARES, f=:I T:ifiX:~. yi(\jj:j: Jl!!: :=o~G
1969 ~1'-i!£ ~ 1Cil!i o&C:::ht.:~~ 3 ;7:, ( l~)(ffJiPIIi )il ti=~-N:©

On the Spongoplegma antar ctic um H AEC KEL.
. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
. . N AKASE KO, K.
$Jiif.\ .'S~ ;!I::.fi!IO):.i:Ji"1Ji·\ :=: if,Ji.l£1'iX1lH:. Ei l:. -::>v'-c · · · ·9CJ:f!I-N:R:. fflll!J~~

ihlii?,~ i~if:IJ:.: , ~~tilli~fYJ\:.IJE

1969 ~f. JJt~lO)J.f!~:ff 9 il (l~)(f,Ji llll:'t);j,JI I !.n = ~ll, /N~ frjl ;k , rM:J' ~. ~ III ~~-.. ~1±~ 5-.

:E:<t>:J.t-. l'£ 1l:ii JWJ~ . IHll:hli ~'))-f-, .lib

~·L

251

0
0
0

0
0

1970 "'I'- 1 Jl 18 EJO)~~,~~~~;::Jl:v'c , iXO) 7 ;f50),\lf%b?q~']}IJ ~.f;;l~;::lftiT~~'Io t: (lllfl ;;f Jii'P1Yf!Jilllfi-) ,!Ef~:J:ffiU~ , l ]';f* iifili{t , 7Jc'll-l)!~ff, ':Pillt:J'tli.fL Jliil* 'f~ ::J<: , jq?,t:l§ j!(,j , .~(\1± ·J;"i1970 if- 1
18 EJO)F,~'F,&~~';::Jj~lt'c.li8iiX~illi\J.ffi:~7'J;i5;J=~J~f;::tfJJi:;~ht-: ,~: ~iJ.t:i6~;,('Q7';; , 1970 !if;.)j[~~~O)J)Li:: , )'j· :;j;;@:Ri:{~\ 0) "Benthoni c Foraminiferal Zonation of t he
Kazusa Group, Boso Peninsula" f;::)(;j· L "( P.\~ Ght-:,
1970 of.J1rO)~~f;J~ JYf:lhJJ:>ti:fii\1ii t;liiii'i' ~~· C 1t:t~} · JJI!l-=fft: :fiO) /Uf JE) to J: u: IJn iiXi ~u&15· C!5:trt -lJ" :/ :i'·f t~'i O)
M'9'E ) 10·1 L"Cil'ill Ght-:,
1970 '.f:.li£J: 'J ~'I:l(iJ; r ilcO) J: ? f;:: ~~~ h , .:thf;:: fl., "C ~l'! IJ O) ~ itt.flii5-17'J; cJ<in ~;lot.= (1970 if. I.!£n~'·~' ~ -c· 11!.:%:!)

11

~Nr

~

i j:'. 1 '0 0 0 IIJl,f:.

:.z:;;:~::1:.

~;: 1-"Jv{f.

1 '50 0 p:j
7
1-" JvA~"l- 1 '50 0 JIJ

1·1.=.

2' 2 0 0 p:j

lEI

Fix

·a ?'~
~~'

}}I)

A

~"
A

z:.;

'

A

=

Ll

A

1'1:

::r<

*

-- -

o tl:i.i'He ~r:l\ Jt&JJ/.%:!0)-;~JiiJ;r~cO)J:? f;::&n~ht-:: C197o '.f:- li£tf~<:~%:! ) ,t~;J;:'~ f.J?.%:!

5.

ti:JiJZifj: 10 filii {?;-til· 6'0 J;f (1 1'!'fi 1 lJ":17-i")-->f>TilmJ: 10 fml 15-i]J· 600 Cm 2
IITJ

J:

7.

tili!ZI fi 2 fml -frllt 18 ±il'-->tifi!Zifi 2 filii -frllt 200 cm 2
1
t.c :to, m%:! ~!l] i/!:i i" {:. 5-H;:: '?v'c fi , 1/t:*;]i 'J ;iiU!r~*f:?ll'i'!tQ c -g- {:. ;0;,<f.)j[ O) :t-o J: .:f:"O)~ffi fi ,;;jl:;,( 1 1'[f;::?i'§: 2000 p:j, 1 l~llt&f;::?i'§: 8000 p:j, ~~ n/Xfi 1 fllill~@; 300 p:j (50cm 2 ) , · .:thtJJ: 1*

0

cm 2 f;::-?2:*1 8 p:j "'(·it){J,15 O)}jj(1j',':jfi, 1970 if:. 1 fl 18 13 0)1\'f.f.&~ ~-c·'liJf,&O) j';t ~~ . r#J j6 .7j.O) t~""tdlU:B JI!f:±~· O) "Early Devonian Brachiopods from the Lesser Khingan District of Northeast China" ~ l* tf( c i:J.::%:!, yjt[I~ O) T IJ{=j·D)J i!X::>ti: ~ EJ3f.i'i'=l~ -c·, ;;jl:ij'. i:J:if;::/1\)\R O) 'f%:!"C· it){:.,:Jcf;::~~ U :t;!fY,Ij-'i} No.

252
s :;t;:'tl~!lt~~~5J'mO)JiR~JJ•
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, SPECIAL PAPERS NUMBER 16 ~ 19711f.)1fiC~ft~~<. k0•M~~-~~~ -~~--~~M~0~~. ~0-~~~b~~$~-~~-~.
riiilllilm~i~i(tJHJ 7L1+1*~~fJI!~ff~tm~~~~~tt. s:;js:l!l1:.~~i:~}JIJ-'%m~~J~.S; ctt~='lf f2:;1jl:iU~)
1r.$ ~~A.."t>rc:;"'·(1) t11:.~~~cOO-t-7.>~3t"t>, ~3t0~}]1J!fl!i.tHc~c:;b ~1t'i*l~0 t0. M-0:7clml§ 0rlc~tffi0~3t~~libt.: t 0 ({11J.:Uf.Y y;f,~"" 7 .L>.0~3t~ifli3t~) "t' t .J:\t'. 57".1Jif;E*~ft0~}JIJ-'%1C~jf:J:I'i
13:~~-t-7.>;:~S;i.l>£:,3t!fl"t> ~ 7.>~Hfli 35 7J Plf¥~"t>-t". ~S;t.J~i-il'; t~j!/:i.l;3t!±l~h7.>Jtnc.

~0c.b7.>r}}~lcv";l:, k0~WI1cr.& t:.~J:~c.J: ~ MJ;it~>1f,< ~ .t"'·

I*J~ • 3t$:c tlc-t5J'~~lti07tllX:U.:mM (~t.:li7tllX:Fa9iti:1t'm~lll) "t>, ~PlllUt±lcft(~Ji~~lU{litJ:
tJ:7.>....::.<mM0~~~$i6.c c tlctJHH ~~r~"'· Otllti(2).JUJi ~ ~~!fl·e~ 7.>:fi\iWicc.b7.> t. c.
0J:tiiJK'1;nft ~ ~-t-).

$~ffl~lii3Eb"t>-t-i.l>, IX0·~~~Jl~cL C J i*J0i1~~'1=-:>~r~"'•(3)$~11'£\:45; rrr~~OO~t.:lii!U~f±Ji!T • ·;t~IS'Ilt%.
~?,f45; f.(iQ3tMI§. C;J<niJR~fi~c-t-7.> t. cJ.

C:;js:S;S;jt·ec.b7.> t. cJ.

(a)
(b)
(c)

fl]fj"l;I*J~0~§'.

(d)

I*J~td:; V::lc~3tt~>-t5J'~tflti"t> c.b 7.> t. c 0maJJ. Cttfk9~0-'ftil£0~ ~ "t> t .t "'J.

(e)::.$:3t0Jl~ C!ilUJ: ~ Jt~Jl~~t.:li!Jli:~~"t>~3t~ 1 7" 25 frfia0J-}}~0flt~-t.:..t.: ~ ..... ~ 1 tJ -i.l'.:r. lJ - } ~{*i.l'~jm;~cT 7.> i:. c) ; ~ t.:;1jl:3t!fl'N~~ (8 ;f,'*IJ..7j.) ICf~~-t-....::. ~ff~5J'i.l>;i; 7.> c ~ f";l:,k0~.tk0i*JilR Ck~l'Hr.M-97.> . . ~--e Y U; ff11~ • ~0~k 0~clilUJ: ~ Ji!T~~~; ~~~/t&O)
flt~.

(800-1200 ~l.f;lgr).

w ~~;0~•3t!±l0!!~0~•· k0~~•· 3t!±l~ ~0!!~0&~c~7.>••~~~k0~~~rm;.:t ~r~H. (1971 ff.ll:03t~~0f'JftMilX:~~$~:ll'i"~0tJh~t. k0\ii'~J:~c~c~r.~
rm;~-c ~~r~"'J.

~)

k0~·~·~--~*7tllX:0W~~~. $~~~~~7.>·ft~~~;v::~7tllX:R~ff.AI3~~·n-c~~r~"'·

(4)

(5)

lf!~ti%-lj] 1970 ~ 11 A 15 13 Ctlll~P~~). l*:§li 1971 ~ 1 A 0~ilijiS;"t>'lif~fR:~0J:$~?,flc@l~0~~"t>~ ~~~~0~~~~-~. $~?,fc0-~0~•~. ~~-•~;*11b7.>t.c~~7.>i.l>t ~h~~A...
~P.IiiU~~ilifli3ti.l>7t:~:fd::l"J}}~ICI";l:, fR:5E{~"t' ~ 7.> t!.I:J-.!f. < ~PJill]lc c ~ i.l>i.I>7.>~5E"t>T. 3tffB~0f1JfJ.Il)J-~ (r~Jfl!;llX:*f'lfi"J':nfiJt)J~J) ~$~J¥:if;~0W~Ief";l:, ~S;i.l>£:,$~n ({?i]ff.l";l: 1 A J:f:t1iJ!fllc$ilNti%-lj]) ~. k0l*:§ • ~fifitJ: ciR:~ftt~PlilUicc ~ i.l>i.l> ~ ~T. k0W~Ii3tff~~'c0$':r!:lnc.J: ~, .:C0f):.0f:k (llirf?U"t' f";l: 11 fl 20 13) ~ "t' ICfJJt):i.l;~~!±ltJ: lt:I'Lfi', nfiWJ~03C:fti.l>!fl 11:~ h7.> i:. c ICtJ:-:>~"'~T.

(6)~}JIJ%0~Mtl~lic < 1c~ ~~~A... f.;f.tlr.$t:., iliri11J~$:~c ~. :::FaJJ0.#Ji*llli~~AS;Icr..~"'~b-lt~r~"'• ~fti.l>i.l'il'7.> 0"t', ~}]IJtJ:W~~~i< ~, }]IJ.!i\Uii~/lX:-ltf, ;1jl:lfiU 25J5B~~ftlc·;js~-¥~~T. k:tLJ...:J.J:I";l:P.f/J)... (ill~~?,f1Cii\!ftl51) c\t'?i:.ciCtJ:~~-9. 1t'(-::>i.l>0~3t~~lib~c

1 :lllHc-t-7.> ~~o;~:, 1itiil!i.A.0~i.l,;t~7r-~~. -I*~J:0:::F*lt-0~"'.l:? 1c ~ ~r~"'· ~P.!ilUJ:0
t~7f--~i.l;~c.A. "t>~ 7.> J:?, m~0tr::tifilU1JliJ • J:rlci-57"~8~ c-:> ~, ~ 17'~~-~~r~"'·

{it

r,A

19!1

A

105 @]

{Jtl

A

=

I

106 @]

19!1

"-'-

I IL\

=

=

197l:i:j::. ~:.f.~ - :!f-~II

104 @]

107 @]

A

191J

~

I

;j(

Hll

1m

~

1970 lrj'. 6 Ji 27 13

1970:i:j::.5 Ji 10 131970 ij~91970 :if- 8J'I 10 13*
I'll 12: M tW fiB
JJ£

~

,lfb

I*
I WI illi/lj.!.

~?1;{ill~i'li M $

13

FJ T

* "'"·-7-1970 if. 11 !'I

j(~1971 {f~ 1 Ji

t ill

IR

1971 {1'. 6 !'I

ltJJ

iZdiil 1JJ 13

I

NEWS

O :;js;: -'9- 0){>H ff< c L -c , Index of Transactions of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, Article
No. 1 to No. 515 ~~ff L , ~~ IC ili~:ffiT ~ .::. c ct.~: -:> t.::o0 t;),JJ!I -'9- No. 14, The Litho- and Bio-facies of Carbonate Sedimentary Rocks, A SymposiumiJ> 1969 {)~ 11 F1 25 13 1CThff~tct.:: o

5EW!i 2000 p:j, ~~~'J: 1 fj:.O)I'M I 1700 p:j o

0 11:11 18 1o}iJ> , 1969 "'~'- 10 Ji 1c Thff~ tct.::o Ji<J:f:i: I'J:, l ffir1:. tt~ JJHt:fil\f'O)!I;!J'~57111 J *'i'~.:t 0) fili ··c &.>
0
0

0

~0
~ 24 @1 7J !;illtl!l~ $:~~1H'J: , 1972 11~ 8 f'l 21 ~30 13 Canada, Montrea l -c·F,rJ(f!i ~ tc ~ o iili*~:?ti'J: ,Secretary-General, 24th International Geo logical Congress, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa 4,
Ontario, Canada .
:=.~ ntB'I J: ~ UB;fQ 45 i.f.!J£ 13 YM.ii ~~!Ufj't;ll)JJlX.~)JIHc-? '-' ' -c !H!~iJ; <h-:> t.:: o 1 1'1= 3 'f7Jp:j.CJrkJ, *':J 15 1'1'
~f*ffi.o HJJ fi~ I'J:!JU IJc L -c 1 f J'.o J:t:.: ~:j;tt';~tfi'J: , *trf1'lii'TttEEIIR;I:L/ i*J 2-6-2o :;1.1 / i*Jl\.mi~~C:!ld09-'%~ . ME'fl f.t; A :=.~ M BJ&.> -c, f.G:;tn~r.i'i.toJ:tf.fflK;R~~Jlf;J<~*of.:: v ' o Jt~fl\rlitrJI'J: , f!B ;fll45 :if. 5 Ji
31 13 0JIH'J11:, ~!] /Ufj'Etfkif!CO)f,::6QIC , ...:; / r :A/Ufj't; ~ iJ> ThJE Lf,: o ~~~'j:~5JO)Fa9 800 p:j o Jili*~:?\:;f'J: f!~:;js;:!~<::R~ ~til;if;j tiOJ ~ IlilJ ,JL:k i11if.i1~ ~ ~!fi PJriAJ ...:; /1970 {j:'-4FJ 5 13
1 9 7 0 :if. 4 Fl 10 13
13 :;js;: r!J1:. ~J.J ¥:~¥11 ~ · *c ~Jr
WJrATI'l1f,7 7 %700 p:jr A lJf j'\::~o

s

J6 fi

~

~
***$:fJII#~mtl!l'Iil#~~ 1*1

~

:?3

Jll

~jjj

B

*

'!5

Fs~

~

¥.J

~

"f-

X.

(th'€ ;<,g 1-l ~ }!~ * 8 4 7 8 0 i!f)r:!J .lllO :?3
trr t~ k",li .~ 1R :llli: :r.: ;It 2 ; 13#vi~~~~Pll\IJ¥~5t~t± ~
EEl
7G

*

Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of japan

April 10, 1970

New Series No. 77

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
561.

IwASAKI, Yasuhide:A Miocene molluscan fauna in the Philippines ...... 205

562.

HuziOKA, Kazuo: A new species of Sagenopte1'is from Nariwa, Southwest
Honshu, Japan . .. . ...... . . ................ . .. .. . .. . .......... . ...... ... . 229

563. NonA, Hiroshi: Freshwater molluscs from the coal-bearing Owada forma tion, Southeast Rumoi, Hokkaido, Japan .. . . .... ... ........ . . .. . . . ... .. . 235
564.

KOBAYASHI, Teiichi and ISHIBASHI, Takashi: Halobia styriaca, Upper Triassic pelecypod, discovered in Okinawa-Jima, the Ryukyu Islands .... . . 243

PROCEEDINGS ......... . . .... . ... ... .. ...... ... ................ . .... ...... .... 249