a .ft. ~ i.ib ~~~*·ic.f
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 72Palaeontological Society of japan
Dec. 30th, 1968

CONTENTS
TRAN SACTIO NS. Page544.

YANAGIDA, juichi : Carbon iferous Brachiopods from Akiyoshi, So uth wesl
j apan, Part IlL

Delepinea from a pyroclastic Rock near the Lowest

Part of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group ..... .. .. _...... .... . ..... .. . . . . .. 327
545.

MATSUMARU, K uniter u : Miogypsinid Populations f rom the T ungliang
Well TL-1 of the Penghu Islands, China .. . . . . . ..... . . .. ... . . . ..... . .. 340

546.

I-IA TAl, Kotora and NODA, Hiroshi :Cylindrical Str uctures from theTatsunokuchi Formation (Earl y Miyagian) in Sendai City, M iyag i
Prefecture . .. .. . . . ... .. .... ... ... .. . . . . ... . .. ................. . .. . ..... . 345
547. MASUDA, K6ichir6:

Sand pipes penetrating igneous Rocks in the En-v irons of Sendai, j apan ... . ....... . . . . . . . . .... ... . . . .... . . ..... .... .. . . 351
SHORT NOTE
14. Mr NATO, Masao and KATO, Makoto:

Ur alnevadaphyllum, a new sub-generic Name for Porfirievella MINATO and KATO, 1965

363

PROCEEDINGS ... .. ... . ......... .. . . ....... . ...... . ........ .. .. .... ........... 364
Systematic Index.. ... . . ...... . .. . .... . .. ...... .. ...... . .... .. . . ... . . . .. .. .. . .. 365

Index of Families, Gener a and Species ................ . ....... .. . . .... . . ........ 367

Pres ident : Kiyoshi ASANO
Councillors:

K iyoshi ASANO (Editor of Fossi ls), Tetsuro l-IANAI (Ed itor of Transac-

tions and Proceed ings), Wataru HASHIMOTO (Treasurer), Koto r a HATAI, Koichiro ICHIKAwA, Taro KA NA YA, Kametoshi KANMERA, Teiichi KOBAy ASH!,
Tamio KOTAKA, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO (Editor of Specia l Papers), Masao
MINATO, Hiroshi OzAKI (Planning), Tokio SH IKAMA (Membership), Tsug io
SHUTO, Fuy uji TAKA! (Chairman of Executive Coun ci llor's Committee)
Secr etaries:

Takashi HAMADA, Itaru I-l AYAM I, Yasuhide IWASAKI, Yokichi TAKA-YANAGI

A ll Comm unicat ions relating to this journa l sho uld be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF jAPAN
Geological Instit ute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, japan

Trans. Proc. Palaent. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 72, pp. 32"7-339, pis. 33, 34, Dec. 30, 1968

544.

CARBONIFEROUS BRACHIOPODS FROM AKIYOSHI,
SOUTHWEST JAPANPART III

DELEPINEA FROM A PYROCLASTIC ROCK NEAR THE LOWEST
PART OF THE AKIYOSHI LIMESTONE GROUP*JUICHI YANAGIDA
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,
Fukuoka, Japan@iYJJ:l;;fq:ki'frfi"EEiHcnrtnJ?:~w -tCI) 3, f:ki'f"E!*~·J\llf.'t:lft:rl}~Ni!I C7) xLIJft'ni'i~5J: rJ fftu
LIJP~~:ffr;ll~~J'll:IHJMJ!f,f>j"i!]: ~c 5};{fiT~. f;k~f:fii*:'i'cf!\!if,¥:/f,:r

LJ:: Delepinea ~C-::>v''"C:

ff~f,Ji!J:CI), ~~g..:tJrt:!6'tVM!*¥:i~!iCI)l'i'J:_U~Ni!IiP G. -th.:fh§::k~to J: LJ:k~ Delepinea
C7) =Wfitffi, Delepinea sayamensis, D. sinuata 7]~§£5! ~ hf-: Cl)l:·¥11"<5-i- ~" Delepinea l!iH:t
3 - 1=1 ,. ... ~-'\":;:t- A 1- 7 ~ 7CI)rl'f~"EJ;kif-7J,G~:t-t--r:rc 13f1Uq<\1'i!J- ~h'Lv'~7J;,~;It~ ill'£ Ill f:l:;}: t.=Ti1t~-2 ~ h '"( v' ts:7J'-? t.:"7 .:;yrc

f:kEf ffr::CI) ='fli'lill C7) -) "0 D. sayamensis f:l: 3 - P -~Lower Visean C7) D. destinezi (VAUGHAN) c. cJI''ii\'{C)fl:*¥l:· <b I) ' D. sinuata f:J::;:tA r 7 ~ yCI) Middle-Upper Visean C7) D. gloucesterensis CAMPBELL and ROBERTS,
D. aspinosa (DuN), .BJ: ry: D. cannindahensis MAXWELL C.~N*~I'I%(,\!::''b-::>, ::::.hGnY~
5E~fii!::'J!ET~Xillv'JLJ1'1:EffcJICI)JI;fft~:J: Early-Medial Visean c~?t.Gio, ts:7J,l:'h Early
Visean CI)TtJ:fj~j:17J~~.d;v'or~~ 111 '}if -r'.Cl)

clear with the help of palaeontologicalstudy of some kinds of fossil partly wellpreserved in limestones and pyroclastic
rocks. The biostratigraphical study ofthe lower portion of the Akiyoshi limestone Group was tried by OKIMURA (1966)
in the Okubo- Hirabaru area, immediately
south to the Akiyoshi limestone plateau.
He treated the smaller foraminifers inlimestones and established some foraminiferal zones. He correlated the ageof the lowest limestone bed of the Akiyoshi limestone Group to the Early
Visean. Prior to 0KIMURA, MINATO andKATO (1963) described some brachiopods
and corals from a reddish tuffaceous
shale near the uppermost part of the
pyroclastic rocks in the Okubo area.
However, the greater part of the thick

Introduction
It is well known that the lowest partsof Carboniferous-Permian thick limestonegroups in the Inner zone of Southwest
Japan consist mainly of pyroclastic
rocks. The Akiyoshi limestone Group
ranging from Lower Carboniferous toUpper Permian also contains thickbedded pyroclastic rocks partly including
thin cherts, shales, and limestones at
its basal portion. The details of petrological and sedimentological studies ofthe pyroclastic rocks are still incomplete.
However, the stratigraphic succession
and age of them became increasingly* Received May 4, 1968; read June 22,1968 at Sendai.
327

328

Juichi YANAGIDA~ crinoidal

Akiyoshi limestone <;roup!

limestone (partly oolitic) (Is)

11!!:::3 olivine basaltic tuff (tf)

~ quartz porphyry (qph)~ volcanic~ porphyrite (phr)~ augite[Iill olivine

conglomerate(vcg)
andesite (ads)basaltic tuff breccia (tbr})tbrachiopod fossil
locality

Fig. 1. Route map of the Sayama area showing brachiopod locality.
(by ]. YANAGIDA, M. OTA and A. SuGI'v!URA)

pyroclastic rocks which conformably
underlies the limestone is still uncertainin age because of the deficiency of wellpreserved fossils in different horizons.
The brachiopods herein described werecollected from the northeastern marginof the Akiyoshi limestone plateau andfrom a horizon about 10 m below thelowest limestone bed. The pyroclastic
rocks of this area have hitherto been
regarded as diabase or basic intrusion.

The Akiyoshi limestone Group in thisarea is completely reversed, being homoclinal with the general attitude of N15oW
and NE30o ±dip. The pyroclastic rocks
are more than 100 m in thickness. The
lower to middle part of them are composed mainly of dark green basaltic tuff
breccia and dark brown basaltic lapilli
tuff partly including a extruded sheetof dark brown augite andesite. Porphyritic intrusive rocks are partly ob-

544.

Carbonijerm~s

Brachiopods from Akiyoshi-servable near the middle part of the
pyroclastic roc~s sporadfcal_ly distributed.along the, li~lf 'way up hill. It is darkgreen and completely altered. The uppermost part of the pyroclastic rocks·COnsists of purplish basaltic calcareous
tuff of ,more than 2m thic.k, which in·cludes· a number of Delepinea: ,Wellrounded pebbles of basaltic ro~ks., arepartly aggregated ·'d.ensely in the tuff
.and ':this part is more calcare<;>~s thanthe other p3;rts. The)owest part of thisbasaltic tuff 'is' co~glomeratic 'with largeaFig. 2. Sketch showing the occurrence·of brachiopod shells and an example ofsedimentary features of pyroclastic rocks(completely reversed).
1) volcanic conglomerate often associatingwith small solitary corals (pebbles, olivine basalt; matrices, limestone).
2) purplish basaltic lapill tuff.
3) purplish basaltic tuff with brachiopod
shells.
4) purplish basaltic lapilli tuff with sporadic brachiopod shells.

number of rounded pebbles of basaltic
rocks and the tuffaceous limestone as
the matrix. The conglomeratic part
gradually merges into the upper tuff.
The pebbles and granules in the conglomeratic part and tuff clearly show
the graded bedding. The conglomeratic
part abundantly contains the fragments329

of bryozoans and crinoids in the matrix.
Small and well. preserved soHtary corals
and brachiopod-fragments often associatewith volcanic pebbles. Most of shellsof Delepinea are disarticulated and disposed parallel to ~he bedding plane.
Though its direct contact with the basaltic tuff is not ascertained, the lowest
part of limestone is slightly tuffaceousnear the contact and consists of nothingelse than the fragments of crinoids andbryozoans. This suggests that tuffs andlimestones are laterally and verticallychangeable with each other near theirboundary. The smaller foraminifers arevery rare and consit of very small endothyrids. At a horizon about 50 m above
the lowest limestone, where the smaller
foraminifers occur abundantly with fine
fragments of crinoids and bryozoans.
The limestone of this horizon is moreor less oolitic in texture.
Between the two new species of Delepinea, D. sayamensis and D. sinuata, theformer is gigantic, being one of thelargest species of this genus. The latterattains also the large size. Each ofthem has closely allied or related to theLower Carboniferous species of Europe
and Australia respectively.
It is concluded that the brachiopod
assemblage consists of Early to Medial
Visean elements and their age is highlyreferable to the Early Visean.
I wish to express my sincere appreciation to Professor Ryuzo TORIY AMA
and Associate Professor Tsugio SHUTO
of Kyushu University for reading thetypescript; to Dr. Masamichi OTA andMr. Akihiro SuGIMURA of Akiyoshi-dai
Science Museum for their valuable discussions and kind helps in giving me
every facility for field work; and to Mr.
Kiyoshi ISHIBASHI of Kyushu University
for his kind help of distinguishing the
pyroclastic rocks.

Juichi YANAGIDA

330
Systematic descriptions

Family Daviesiellidae SOKOLSKA YA, 1960
Subfamily Delepineinae,
MUIR-WOOD, 1962
Genus Delepiitea Mum-WooD, 1962
T ype -species.-Pro ductus comoides
SOWERBY, 1823

~

a

..

Delepinea sayamensis , sp. nov.
Pl. 33, fig s . 1, 2, Pl. 34, fig. 1;
Text-figs . 3, 4, 5Material.-Holotype, GK-D 30209 (Pl.
33, fig. 1) ; >paratypes, GK-D 30200 (Pl.
34, fig. ·1), GK-D 30201, GK-D 30202.
Fragmentary specimens are also referedto the species. Internal structures ofpedicle valve are shown by the serial
sectionas of · GK-D 30203 and those ofbrachial valve are shown by a paratype,
GK-D 30202.
Description.-(Exterior ). Pedicle valve
very large, transversely subelliptical,
weakly inflated, with slight genicul ation
at about a third of length from posterior
margin or more posteriorly; posteriorside of geniculation very slightly convex
and anterior one almost flat; greatest
width at straight hinge line; cardinal
extremities at early stages more acutethan those of adult; lateral slopes almost
flat or slightly concave; interarea low,flat or weakly concave, slightly apsacline;delthy rium wide and low, pseudodeltidium not preserved; sp ines not recognizable on cardinal ridge; mode of increment of numerous and fine rounded costellae not ascertained as they completely
decortica ted .
Brachial valve concave with largest
concavity at about a half of valvelength; interarea low, slightly hyper-

Fig. 3. Serial sections of a pedicleva lve, GK-D 30203, show ing massive posterior callus thi ckening, long and slender
median septum, narrow adductor scars, andbroad diductor scar s.

cline; surface ornamentation same to·opposite valve.
valve
interior(Interior). Pedicle
characterized by a large posterior callus
thickening, stout short teeth, slender
median septum, narrow adductor scars,
and broad diductor scars; massive callus
thickening in delthyrium tightl y contacting valve-floor vvith stout teeth on eachside of it and anteriorly continuing to·median septum ; median septum verythin and short reaching about a sixthof length of pedicle valve from posterior
margin; very low and round-topped
ridge anteriorly continuo us from median
septum reaching a length of 8 mm andgradually tapering down strength; adductor muscle scars elevate about 1 mmfrom diductor muscle scars, anterior
mid part of it longitudinally sulcate;diductor muscle scars anteriorl y attains
about a half of shell-length with remarkably rough appearance of surface intransverse section suggesting irregularly544. Ca1·bonije1·ous B1·achiopods from Akiyoshi

331

arranged longitudinal ridges on them.
Brachial valve interior with a large
cardinal process; low broad socket
ridge subparallel to hinge extending
about a half of length from cardinal
process to cardinal extremity; immediately anterior to cardinal process
apparent concavity distinguishable
suggesting alveolus; incomplete breviseptum at about 15 mm anterior to
cardinal process, anterior charactersof it unkno wn; lateral septa broad
diverging from breviseptum at rightangle and graduall y fading out anteriorly; internal surface papillose .
.........._ l c m
Fig. '1. Inked drawing of internal s urface of.a partly preserved brachia l valve, a paratype,CK-D 30202, showing a remarkable a lveolus,
weak lateral septum, and weak socket ridge.

Dimensions of foU?' specimens in mm and deg7'ee.(pedicle va lve)

1
GK- D 30203

23

GK- D 30209
holot ype

GK- D 30200
para typewidth ...... . .. ... . ..... . . . . . .. . .......... > 125 ........ > 171 (est. 196) .. >95 (est. 138)t hickn ess ... .. ..... .... . . . ........ . . ..... >20 .... ·.· ...... 21. . .. ...... est. 11
length ....................... . ... . . . . ... est . 90 ... . . ... . . . . 85 . . . ........... 52
height of interarea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. >5 ....... . . . .. 5 .............. 3
width of delth y rium . . . . . . . . . . .
. ... .. est. 18 .... . . .. .. 19. 5 ..... .. .. ..... 26
number of costellae in 10 mm'( on anterior surface ..... ... .......... .. .. 16- 18 . .... ... 15- 16 . .. . ...... 12- 1'1
ang le of card inal extremity .... . . . ........... . ... . ... . . est. 60 ° ....... . est. 50,
length .. ... . .... . ....... est. 18
median se ptum height . . ...... . ......... est. 10{
w1dth of base ... . .. . .. . ...... 0.7.
{ larges t w icl th · .. . . est. 18-chductor mu se 1e scar.
.
.
length . . ... . ... . .... >32
lar gest w idth .... . ... 4.6.a ddu ctor mu s cle sca r l e~gth ............ est. 30{
he1ght. ... : . .. . ... est. 5

332

Juichi YANAGIDA
1
GK-D 30202
para type(brachial valve)width .................................................................... >75 (est.l50)
length .................................................................... 68
thickness .............................................................. est. 10
height of interarea ........................................................ 5
angle of cardinal extremity ............................................ est. 60°
cardinal process{ h~ight .................................................. 10
Wldth .................................................. 8k.d { length ...................................................... 28
soc et n ge angle to hinge line .......................................... zoo
breviseptum { le~gth ...................................... ·............ est. 22
Wldth ...................................................... 3
angle of lateral ridge to breviseptum .................................. est. goo

Remarks.-Among the species of Delepinea the Akiyoshi species is closely
related with Delepinea destinezi (V AUGHAN) from the Middle Visean V 1 b subzone of Belgium in its large size, external
and internal characters. Unfortunately
Delepinea was not originally described
by VAUGHAN (1915). He only gave its
brief external character and recorded
its occurrence from C2S 1 subzone invarious regions of British isles. SIMPSON(1953) described the species in detail on
the materials from C2 S1 subzones of Ireland, however, the true nature of theBelgian original specimen is still unknown. Such being the case, I compared
the Akiyoshi species with the English
materials mainly based on the description of SIMPSON. Externally both English and Akiyoshi species resemble eachother in having the flat posterior partand weak geniculation at about a thirdA

B------em

02Fig. 5. Comparison of the transverse and longitudinal profiles of pedicle
valves between Delepinea destinezi (VAUGHAN) (A, after I. M. SIMPSON,
1953) and D. sayamensis sp. nov. (B).

544.

Carboniferous Brachiopods from Akiyoshi

of the length of pedicle valveJrom 1,1mbo.
But the geniculation is more· distinct in
the former than the latter.· Posteriorside of the geniculation of D. destinezi
is almost flat. That. of the' Akiyoshi
species is very slightly convex. The
transverse profile of the Akiyoshi species
is uniformly arched. in the median partbut are flatly spreading the ear regions.
That of another species figured by SIMPSON shows the moderately arched medianpart and uniformly · inclined lateralslopes and ear regions. The thicknessof pedicle valve of D. destinezi is larger
than another. The proportions of thickness to length and width of pedicle
valve of both species are respectively
as follows: 0.36 and 0.23 in D. destinezi,
0.26 and 0.11 in the Akiyoshi species.
In the Akiyoshi specimens it was impossible to observe spines or tubules oninterareas because of their unfavourable
state of preservation.
The pedicle valve interior of the Akiyoshi species !s characterized by a large
callus thickening and a median slender
septum in short length. The characterof cardinal process of the Akiyoshi
species is only known about its large
size. Other characteristics of the bra·chial valve interior are very similar to
those of D. destinezi described by SIMPSON.

Delepinea sayamensis is o~e of thelargest species of this genus. According
to MUIR-WOOD (1962) the largest specimen of D. destinezi appears to be 8 in.
wide. The adult specimens of the Akiyoshi species all suggest the width ofcoming near or more than 200 mm. The
holotype of which the ear region ofright side is lost shows 98 mm widthfrom the delthyrium to the cardinal extremity suggesting the complete widthof nearly 200 mm. Other incomplete
pedicle valves of adult specimens all

have the larger dimensions oflengths than the hoiotype.

333
their

Delepinea sinuata, sp. nov.
Pl. 34, figs. 2, 3; Text~ figs. 6, 7, 8

Material.-Holotype, GK-D 30204 (Pl.
34, fig. 2); paratypes, GK-D 30205, GK-D
30206. Other five specimens are alsoavailable under the heading. Internal
structures are shown by serial sectionsof GK-D 30207 and GK-D 20208, and by
the inked drawing of a paratype, GK-D
30206.
Description.-(Exterior). Pedicle valve
large, transversely subelliptical withwidest part at hinge line, af\d. uniformly
convex with the largest convexity atumbo; umbo verY. slightly inflated withnearly pointed beak ; broad shallow
median sulcus at about a quarter ofshell-length fromposterior margin
rapidly increasing width and depth
anteriorly with low rounded folds on
both sides of sulcus; interarea low,
anacline with small delthyrium; spines
or tubules. not preserved on cardinalridge ; mode of increment of costellae
not ascertained; rows of very fine numerous pseudopunctae on slightly weathered shell surface.
Brachial valve moderately concave· , with very low interarea; ornament ofsame with opposite valve.·(Interior). Pedicle valve interior withmoderately thick umbonal callus thickening continuing to blunt low medianridge; median ridge extends anteriorly
about a quarter of length of pedicle
valve gradually tapering height; adductor muscle scars slightly elevated andbroadly dendritic; diductor scars longitudinally finely striated on its surface.
Brachial valve interior with prominent
cardinal process with nearly vertical

334

Juichi YANAG ID A

p

0

,.

18.3

'

1 em

Fig. 6. Serial sections of a s li g ht ly deformed s he ll, GK-D 30207.
No te massive a nd large ca r dina l process.

posterior face and anterior one of fairly
undercut; median lobe narrow and highincreasing height anteriorl y w ith ver ydeep, narrow median incision ; it nearl y
ex tends to anterior end of median lobe;

anterior ma rg in of media n lobe broad
and massive with shallow median depression; lateral lobes blunt; sockets
moderately concave receiving short stout
teeth ; socket rid ge weakl y developed ;5.4-4.

Carbonije1·o~~s335

Brachio]Jods from Akiyoshi

distinct alveolus at immediately anterior
to cardinal process; anter iorly alveolus
continues to low broad platform withthree very low short ridges on it; anterior surface with numerous pustules;
muscle scars undistinguishable.

Fig. 7. Seria l sect ions of a pedicleva lve, GK-D 30208, s howing posterior callu s
thickening, massive median septum, and consp icuou s adductor scar s.

ab..__. lcm
Fig . 8.

a:b:

Inked drawing of internal surface of an in co mplete
brachial va lve, a paratype, GK-D 30206.
Ventral view with a di stinct alveolus.
Pos terior view with incomp lete cardinal process and low socket ridges.

Juichi YANAGIDA

336

Dimensions of three specimens in mm and degree.1
GK-D 30204
holotype(pedicle valve).. 2
GK--'030207

length .......................................................... 53. 0 .... , .est. 52
width ................................................. , .... est. 102· ...... est. 102 ·thickness ............................................ ·...... est. 20 ........ est. 25
width of median sulcus at anterior margin .................... 30. 5 .......... 20
height of interarea .............................................. 3. 5 ...... est. 3
width of delthyrium ........................................ est. 4 ........ est. 3
number of costellae in 10 mm at anterior margin ............ 22-24 ........ 20-22
angle of cardinal extremity ................................ est. 70•
length .................................................. est. 11
median septum { height ..................................... , ................ 2. 5
thickness of its base ........................................ 3. 5
1

GK-D 30206
para type(brachial valve)

length ...................................................................... 59. 0
width ...................................................................... 105. 0
thickness .................................................................... 20. 0
cardinal proce3s { h~ight · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·est. 8
w1dth .................................................. est. 7
length .................................................... est. 7
socket ridge { width ......................_.: ................................... 3. 0
angle to hinge line ...................................... est. zo·height of interarea ...................................................... est. 2
angle of cardinal extremity .............................................. est. 70•

Remarks.-The Akiyoshi species ismost characterized by its ))road mediansulcus, very low interarea, massive, low
and short median septum in the pedicle
valve and the large cardinal process anddistinct alveolus in the brl;lchial valve.
So far as the external and internal
characters are concerned, the Akiyoshi
species is closely related to the Australian Lower Carboniferous species Dele~pinea aspinosa (DUN), D. gloucesterensis
CAMPBELL and ROBERTS, and D. cannindahensis (MAXWELL). All of them
have the sulcate pedicle valve, thoughthat of D. aspinosa is weak or sometimes
absent. In external characters of pedicle
valve the Akiyoshi species is muchsimilar to D. cannindahensis and D.
gloucesterensis. Especially D. cannindahensis strongly resembles the Akiyoshi

Explanation of Plate 33(All figures natural size, unless otherwise stated)
Figs. 1, 2. Delepinea sayamensis, sp. nov.
la-d. Respectively lateral, ventral, posterior, and dorsal views of the holotype, GK-D 30209.
2.
Transverse section of beak region showing posterior callus thickening and hinge
teeth, GK-D 30203, x 1. 5.

YANAGIDA :Carboniferm~s

Brachiopods from Akiyoshi

Plate 33

lcl

544.

Carboniferous Brachiopods from Akiyoshi

species by its low folds on both sidesof sulcus. The Akiyoshi species, however, is posteriorly less inflated and thebeak is more pointed than the other.
Internally the Australian species areclearly distinguished from D. sinuata inhaving the fairly slender median septa
in pedicle valves. CAMPBELL and RoBERTS (1964) noticed a pair of thickening-extensions from the umbonal callus
in D. gloucesterensis. In the Akiyoshi
species similar textures are sometimes
observable near the umbonal callus
thickening. Although the characters ofcardinal process of the Akiyoshi species
are only partly known from the transverse section it is much similar to thoseof D gloucesterensis and D. aspinosa in
its principal characters. D. aspinosa isalso closely similar to the Akiyoshi
species in having blunt and thick median
septum of the pedicle valve. However,the latter is apparently distinguishedfrom the former by its transverse outline and strongly sulcate pedicle valve.
Correlation

Delepinea has never been recorded in
the Carboniferous of japan. Once HAYASAKA (1933) described a large brachiopod
under the name of ? Daviesiella comoides(SOWERBY) from a black bituminous
limestone of the Nabeyama Formation,
Kwanto massif in association with someother brachiopods. At that time HAY ASAKA refered the age of the brachiopod
faunule to the Uralian. But this correlation was emended by NAGAO and MIN ATO (1943) and FUJIMOTO (1961) by thediscoveries of the Permian fusulinaceansfrom the same horizon in which brachiopods occur. HAY ASAKA identified with aquery this large specimen to Daviesiellacomoides, the type species of Delepinea,
because only an unfavourably preserved

337

pedicle valve was available at that time.
The Akiyoshi specimens are quite different in external characters from the
Nabeyama specimen which belongs to a
distinct genus from Delepinea.
Delepinea has never been recorded in
the Asian continent. However, it is wellknown in the Lower Carboniferous ofEurope, North Africa and Australia.
Among the European species Delepinea
destinezi (VAUGHAN) is the closest species
to Delepinea sayamensis of Akiyoshi.
Delepinea destinezi is one of the largest
species of this genus and its occurrence
is restricted in the Belgian Lower Visean
V 1 b subzone and the Lower Visean C2 S 1
subzones of N. W. Ireland and S. Wales.
It is also recorded from the Lower
Visean of Morocco. Delepinea sayamensis
is a distinct species from D. destinezi,
though these two species are fundamentally very close with each other. Theirgigantic sizes and external morphologies
are the remarkable characteristics distinguishing them from other chonetaceanbrachiopods.
In the circum-Pacific region Delepinea
has been known from the Visean ofsoutheastern Australia. It is represented
by Delepinea cannindahensis (MAXWELL)
from the Baywulla Formation of Queensland, D. aspinosa (DuN) and D. gloucesterensis CAMPBELL and ROBERTS from
New South Wales. Comparing with D.
sinuata, D. cannindahensis and D. gloucesterensis have affinities, especially inhaving a distinct median sulcus on thepedicle valve. The Akiyoshi species,
however, has the strongest sulcus among
them and it is also distinct from others
in its internal characters. D. cannindahensis was described by MAXWELL (1961)
from the uppermost oolitic limestone of
Baywulla Formation correlating the age
with the Late Visean. Although thebiostratigraphy seems to be still incom-

338

Juichi YANAGIDA

plete in the Lower Carboniferous of New
Sot.\th Wales the age of D. gloucesterensis
from the McRae limestone was correlatedwith the .Medial-Late Visean by CAMPBELL and ROBERTS (1964).
As stated above Delepinea sayamensis
and D. sinuata respectively has affinities
to Early Visean and Medial to Late
Visean species of Europe and Australia.
Concerning the age of the Akiyoshi
species a special attention has been paidon the close affinity of D. sayamensis to
D. destinezi and its abundant occurrence.
Taking account of the clear distinctionof internal characters between D. sinuata
and the Australian two species, D. gloucesterensis and D. cannindahensis, theage of the Akiyoshi species under consideration may be referable to the Early
Visean.
Apart from brachiopods I examined
foraminifers in limestones of the surveyed area. They consist only of thesmaller foraminifers. Moreover it isvery characteristic that the limestone
immediately above the tuff rarely contains only Endothyra. This fact is inharmony with that found by OKIMURA(1966) in Okubo-Hirabaru area, about 6km

southwest of Sayama. He established
Endothyra sp. A zone in the lowest
part of limestones and correlated thespecies assemblage to that of the Lower
Visean of Russia and Lower Meramecianof North America. The thick pyroclastic
rocks of the lowest part of the Akiyoshi
limestone Group are slightly different inthickness and rock facies between Sayama and Okubo-Hirabaru areas. But
the age determined by brachiopods andthe smaller foraminifers is quite common in both areas.
Delepinea sinuata and D. sayamensis
occur near the uppermost horizon of
thick pyroclastic rocks. Therefore it ishighly possible that the lowest part of
the Akiyoshi limestone Group is older
than the Early Visean.
References
CAMPBELL, K. S. W. and RoBERTS, ]. (1964) :Two species of Delepinea from New
South Wales. Palaeontology, 7, (3), 514524.
DAVIDSON, T. (1861): A monograph of British Carboniferous Brachiopoda, Part 5.
Palaeontogr. Soc. (Monogr.), 121-210, pis.
27-47.

Explanation of Plate 34(All figures natural size, unless otherwise stated)
Fig. 1.

Delepinea sayamensis, sp. nov.
A pedicle valve in immature stage, a paratype, GK-D 30200.
Figs. 2, 3. 'J.Delepinea sinuata; sp. nov.
2a-e. Respectively lateral, posterior, anterior, ventral, and dorsal views of the holotype,
GK-D 30204.
3a, b. Posterior views of transverse sections of cardinal process of a specimen, GK-D
30207, respectively showing immediately posterior part of anterior margin withbroad and massive median lobe and fairly undercut anterior face (3a, x 3) and asection at about 0. 8 mm posterior from 3a with sharply projected median lobe
having narrow and deep median incision (3b, x 2).
The type-specimens and other illustrated specimens are kept in the Department of Geology,
Facultyj;of Science, Kyushu University.
Photos by YANAGIDAYANAGIDA:

Ca?"bon~{e?"M~s

B?"achiopocls .{1·on~ Akiyoshi

Plate ~1~~

2b

2c

2d

3b

544.

Carboniferous Brachiopods from Akiyoshi

GEORGE, T. N. (1930): Studies in Avonianbrachiopoda, III.
The delthyrium of
Chonetes comoides. Geol. Mag., 67, 554557.
HAYASAKA, Ichiro (1933) : On the Carboniferous brachiopod fauna from the Nabeyama region, Totigi Prefecture, Japan.
Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Imp. Univ.,
6, (2), 9-44, pis. 3-14.
MAXWELL, W. G. H. (1961) : Lower Carboniferous brachiopod faunas from Old Cannindah, Queensland. jour. Paleont., 35,(1), 82-103, pis. 19, 20.
MuiR-WooD, H. M. (1962): On the morphology and classification of the brachiopod
suborder chonetoidea. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.), viii+132 pp., 17 pis.
OKIMURA, Yuji (1966) : Microbiostratigraphical studies on the foraminiferal faunasof the Lower Carboniferous formations

Akiyoshi
Hirabaru
Miyanobaba

t:k
Sf

-:J_-

<=I

JYi(

1?; ...ll'q j-[!Jjj339

of the Chugoku region, Southwest Japan.
Geol. Rep. Hiroshima Univ., (15), 1-46,
pl. 1 (in Japanese with English abstract).
PAECKELMANN, W. (1930): Die Brachiopodens
des Deutschen Unterkarbons, I Teil. Abh.
Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., N. F., 122, 143326, pis. 9-24.
REYNOLDS, S. H. and VAUGHAN, A. (1911):
Faunal and lithological sequence in the
Carboniferous limestone series (Avonian)of Burrington Combe (Somerset). Quart.
jour. Geol. Soc., 67, 342-392, pis. 29-31.
SIMPSON, I. M. (1953) : Daviesiella destinezi(VAUGHAN), Lower Carboniferous index
fossil in northern west Ireland. Geol.
Mag., 90, 193-200, pl. 9.
VAUGHAN, A. (1915) : Correlation of Dinantian and Avonian. Quart. jour. Geol. Soc.,
71, 1-52, pis. 1-7.

Okubo
SayamaUebatakej( :?-.. 1*

1li.
HU

ill
13

E>d

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 72, pp. 340~344, pis. 35, 36, Dec. 30, 1968

545.

MIOGYPSINID POPULATION FROM THE TUNGLIANG
WELL TL-1 OF THE PENGHU ISLANDS, CHINA*KUNITERU MATSUMARU
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japanl:;:_li:H& TL~1 1;J-#1If0) Miogypsinid itmi*f>¥:iitiMJRti.~)])_:i~1:::.~1li:~NI'~i'J~]:O)~,

1JJOb-c .:fo0 '(I ht-: TL~1 -0·):1:0) ;t;- ~ './ !l · ::1 7-411:::. Miogypsina 1-'iEk!Gi?;folif=rts: ~"1f-:O)"C",!PJ 1.'l Ek tf rj1 0) Miogypsina flli 0) I"J/i2 C. RcU& ~ L..t-:o ~h GO) Miogypsina v'i C. W.
DROOGER 1:::. J: :Q Miogypsinidae f-H1t § O)iHJt~~ 1: O)j}J.iili: C. .:thi?' G1~ Gh :Q ~ftii6lii?' Gbasal Burdigalian f:::. ;!;t..: f), '*. t-: IC:Pjs::§1j,li;)4Ht!!i?, G ?}ill.d-- :Q Miogypsinid illill*m:J: IJ' :bf~f;Q>f:::.i!iv·111ili*f<T:C'J'IJ£L-t::o

1L Jlil !!\tregions in Europe, north Africa, Indonesia
and recognized the same succesion of thenepionic acceleration.
In 1963, DROOGER reported on the tentative relationships of the Miogypsina
species in the three main regions of theMediterranean, Central America andwestern Pacific regions, and he (1964)
was able to point out the same phylogenetic lineage of the miogypsinid populations from the type localities of the
Chattian, Aquitanian and Burdigalian
stages in Europe. Therefore, from thephylogeny of the miogypsinids the geological ages of the respective occurrences
could be determined.
Recently, U;n:E (1966) published the
new idea of " Evolutionary Line" froma statistical treatment obtained by the
distribution of the values of the threeparameters from the figures given by
those absolute measurements of the
miogypsinid specimens and this "Evolutionary Line " was found to be in good
agreement with the tentative phylogeny
proposed by DROOGER.
The purpose of the present paper isIntroduction

Since MICHELOTTI described the firstform of the family Miogypsinidae in 1841,
many investigations have been reported
from the Mediterranean, Central America
and western Pacific regions. Among theabundant publications, the one by TAN
SIN HOK (1936) on the Indonesian Miogypsinidae is of particular importance.
He emphasized the necessity and importance of the "nepionic acceleration", atheoretical idea, to understand the classification and phylogeny of the family.
DROOGER (1952), influenced by TAN'S
idea, investigated on the basis of statistical analysis the miogypsinid populationsof different ages from separate localities
of Central America. As the result andby treating with TAN's "nepionic acceleration" he succeeded to make a tentative
phylogenetic scheme of the family Miogypsinidae. Subsequently, he was able
to apply the same procedure to the miogypsinid populations from the different* Received Sept. 18, 1968; read June 22, 1968
.at Sendai.

340

545.

Miogypsinid Population from the Tungliang Well TL-1

to report on the specific determinationand to describe the miogypsinid populations from the Tungliang ,Well TL-1,
Penghu islands, China, and to mention
on the age-determination induced by the
miogypsinids. This i~ the first reporton the occurrence of Miogypsina globulina
in the Penghu islands. The materials
studied by the writer are pieces of massive, compact, light gray Miogypsina
bearing limestone (sparite) take~ at 500
m depth in the. Tungliang Well TL-1,
located at about 850 m northeast of thevillage of Tungliang, Paisa island of thePenghu islands.
Acknowledgements
Mr. Tunyow HuANG of the Chinese
Petroleum Cooporation kindly sent to
the writer the Miogypsina limestone
samples from the drill core of Tungliang
Well TL-1. Professors Kiyoshi AsANO
and Kotora HATAI of the Institute ofGeology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, kindly encouraged the writer in
his work and reviewed the manuscript.
Dr. Shoshiro HANZAWA, Professor emeritus of the Tohoku University, kindly
discussed with the writer many foraminiferal problems. Mr. Teruo ISHIKAWA
of our Institute assisted the writer inmaking thin sections. The writer expresses his deep gratitude to those
persons. Deep appreciation is expressedto the Chinese Petroleum Corporation
for the specimens and information concerning them.
Description, Determination
and Discussion
The Tangliang miogypsinids show two
kinds of nepionic characters; i. e. one
with more advanced forms (A form)

341

having two nepionic spirals along theouter side of the protoconch and theother of primitive single-spiralled forms(B. form). The description of the present
forms follows the parameters given by
DROOGER, but X factor (number of
nepionic chambers) of the symmetricalchamber .belongs to a chamber of themain spiral.
Description:
Family Miogypsinidae VAUGHAN, 1928
Genus Miogypsina SAcco, 1893

Miogypsina globulina (MICHELOTTI), 1841
Pl. 35, figs. 1-6; pl. 36, figs. 1-6

A form.- Test usually fan-shaped, butsometimes with a protruding apical portion, frontal margin irregularly rounded.
Mature specimens usually with biconvex
to plano-convex vertical section, thickest
portion between center and apex of test,with range of 0.36 to 0.77 mm. Diameter
0.81 to 1.69 mm in 11 observed equatorial
sections.
Diameter of protoconch 90 to 125 p.
(MI=111 p., aMI=3.7 p.) in 11 sectioned
individuals. The slightly large diameterof kidney-shaped deuteroconch exceedsthat of protoconch with an average valueof 25 percent. Proportion between protoconch-diameter (I) and deuteroconch-diameter (II) giving mean value of about
1.02. Angle (rbetween axis of twoembryonic chambers and apical-frontal
line varies between oo and 35°, meanvalue being about 15°.
Two principal auxiliary chambers ofunequal size ascertained, each single
along outer side of protoconch. Symmetrical chamber lying about axis ofembryonic chambers. Average value for
200 a/ fi is about 35. Spirals absent
along circumference of deuteroconch. All
0

)

342

K~miteru

separate nepionic chambers of commonly
smaller size, but occasionally larger than
individual embryonic chambers.
Equatorial chambers in equatorial sections ogival to rhombic in shape, withmaximal dimensions of 140 x 155 p..
Equatorial layer in vertical sections
with fiat roof and floor, height average
200 p.. Later lateral chambers arranged
in regular layers and tieres, about 5
layers in mature specimens in vertical
succession from equatorial layer to moreconvex side of test.

MATSUMARU

Eld's value calculated by UJII:E's method
in 11 specimens is 84.
B joTm.- Test generally like A form.
Diameter, 0:90 to , 1.59 mm and. thickness
0.32 to 0.80 mm.
Diameter of protoconch 65 to 150 f1.
(Ml=108 p., aMI=7.0 p.) in 32 individuals.
Deuteroconch with diameter larger thanprotoconch, slightly kidney-shaped. Proportion between I and II giving mean valueof about 1.10. r· is average value of 15· .
Nepionic chambers arranged in single,
peripherally situated, distinctly trochoid

Text-figs. 1- 2. Latitud inal sections of the core TL-1 show ing the crowded
arrangement of the Miogypsina specimens. x 1. 45

Explanation of Plate 35
Miogy psina globulina (MI C H E LOTTI)
A form:F igs. 1-4. Equatorial sections.
Fig. 1. x 79. IGPS col!. ca t . no. 90921.
Fig. 2. x 68. IGPS col!. cat. no. 90922.
Fig. 3. x 73. IGPS col!. cat. no. 90923.
Fig . 4. x 35. IGPS col!. cat. no. 90924.
Fig . 5. x 175. Fig. 2 enlarged to show the canal system in the wall.
Fig. 6. Vertical section. x 37. IGPS col!. cat. no. 90925.

M/1 TS u MAR u:

M A T SUMA R U

JI!IiogyJJSinids frO?n Penghu Islands

and K U M AGA I photo,

Plate 35

545.

Miogypsinid Pop~~lation from the Tungliang Well TL-1

spiral. X found to vary between 5 to 7
(MX=6.2 fl, aMX=O.ll f1). Spiral chambers increase gradually in size closing
to 1/2 X and gradually decrease to final
one.
Equatorial chambers in equatorial sections arcuate to rhombic in shape withmaximal dimensions of 140 X 180 fl·
Equatorial layer in vertical sections
with flat roof and floor, height average
115 fl· Lateral chambers arranged inregular layers and tiers, about 5 layers
in mature specimens.
Eld's value in 32 specimens is 70.
Determination and Discussion.-·According to DROOGER's MX and M
200 o: I (3 scales, the Tung liang miogypsinid populations could be determined as
Miogypsina globulina. Based on UJIIE:'s
Eld's value, A form would be determinedas Miogypsina globulina, whereas B form
as Miogypsina tani-globulina.
The writer based upon statistical measurements holds the view that Miogypsina
tani-gloubulina of DROOGER should be
included within the limits of M. globulina
even though stratigraphically it occupies
the lower part of the chronological rangeof the species. Therefore the Tungliang
miogypsinids, should be named Miogypsina globulina.
Therefore, the age should be basal
Burdigalian of the Tungliang miogypsinids considering from the view pointof DROOGER's Mid-Tertiary correlation.
According to DROOGER (1963, fig. 25),
Miogypsina globulina includes Miogypsina
lwtoi HANZAWA as its synonym. All the
miogypsinids from the Japanese Islands
have been identified as Miogypsina kotoi by
HANZAWA (1931, 1935) who considered it
to range from the Nephrolepidina-Miogypsina zone up to the Miogypsina zone
(HANZAWA, 1964).
From the report on the restudy of theJapanese miogypsinids by UJIIE: (1966),

343

the miogypsinid populations from widely
scattered localities in Japan are classified
into 3 groups from the comparison of
the three main parameters of MX-200
M o:j (3, M II/I, M ro. These groups
correspond roughly with horizons of theirstratigraphical occurrences and from the"Evolutionary Line" proposed by UJIIE
all of the Japanese miogypsinids fallwithin the range from Miogypsina intermedia up to Miogypsina cushmani.
DROOGER (1952) once considered Miogypsina intermedia to be a synonym of
Miogypsina kotoi. UJIIE and OSHIMA(1960) from their study on the miogypsinid populations from the Mizunami
District, Central Japan, stated that the
populations there fall within the rangeof Miogypsina globulina to Miogypsina
intermedia.
Although there still remains room forpaleontological study of the specificrelation existing between Miogypsina
globulina and "Miogypsina kotoi" fromJapan the Miogypsina globulina of theTungliang miogypsinid populations may
be from statistics considered to be moreprimitive than the "Miogypsina kotoi"of the Japanese miogypsinids so far as
DROOGER'S scale and UJIIE's Eld's valueof the miogypsinids are concerned.
References
DROOGER, C. W. (1952) : Study of American
Miogypsinidae. Thesis, Univ. of Utrecht,
p. 1-80, figs. 1-18, tabs. 1-2, pis. 1-3.
- - (1953) : Some Indonesian Miogypsinidae.
Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., ser. B.,
val. 56, p. 104-123, pis. 1-2.
- - (1955) : The microfauna of the Aquitanian-Burdigalian of southwestern France.
Pt. 2. Miogypsinidae. Ibid., Afd. Natuurk.,
ser. 1, val. 21, p. 17-49, pl. 1.
--and MAGNE, J. (1959) : Miogypsinids andplanktonic Foraminifera of the Algerian
Oligocene and Miocene. Micropaleonto-

344

K'uniteru MATSUMARU

logy, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 273-284, figs. 1-4, pis.
1-2.
- - (1963) : Evolutionary trends in the Miogypsinidae. In Evolutionary trends in
Foraminifera, ed. KoENIGSW ALD et al.,Publ. Elsevier Co., p. 314-349, figs. 1-25.
- - (1964) : Problems of Mid-Tertiary stratigraphic interpretation. Micropaleontology,
vol. 10, no. 3, p. 369-374, figs. 1-2.
HANZAWA, S. (1931): Note on Tertiary Foraminiferous rocks from the Kwanto
Mountainland, Japan. Sci. Rept. Tohoku
Imp. Univ., 2nd ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
2, p. 141-157, pis. 1-3.
- - (1935) : Some fossil Operculina and Miogypsina from Japan and their stratigraphical significance. Ibid., vol. 18, no. 1, p.
1-29, pis. 1-3.
- - (1940) : Micropaleontological studies ofdrill cores from a deep well in Kita-Daitojima (North Borodino Island). ]ub. Pub.,
Commem. Prof. YABE 60th Birthday, p.
755-802, figs. 1-5, pis. 39-42.
- - (1957) : Cenozoic Foraminifera of Micronesia. Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 66, p. 1-163,
tabs. 1-5, pis. 1-38.
- - (1962): Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary
three-layered larger Foraminifera andtheir allied forms. Micropaleontology, vol.
8, no. 2, p. 129-186, pis. 1-8.

Tunglian
Paisa island
Penghu islands- - (1964) : The phylomorphogenesis of the
Tertiary Foraminiferal Families, Lepidocyclinidae and Miogypsinidae. Sci. Rept.
Tohoku Univ., 2nd. ser. (Geol.), vol. 35,
no. 3, p. 295-313.
- - (1965) : The Ontogeny and Evolution oflarger Foraminifera. Ibid., vol. 36, no. 2,
p. 236-256, tab. 1,
TAN SIN HoK. (1936): Zur Kenntnis der
Miogypsiniden. Deingr. in Ned. Indie.,vol. 3, p. 45-61, 84-98 and 109-123.
HuANG, T. (1967) : Foraminiferal Study of
the Tungliang Well TL-1 of the Penghu
Islands. Pet. Geol. Taiwan, no. 5, p. 131149, figs. 1-4, pls. 1-4.
UJIIE, H. and OsHIMA, K. (1960): Statisticalcharacters of two Miogypsina assemblages
from the Mizunami district, Gifu Prefecture. Sci. Rept., Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku,
sec. C., vol. 7, no. 62, p. 105-116, figs. 1-4,
pl. 1.
- - (1966) : "Evolutionary Line" of Miocene Miogypsinid Populations-Restudyof the Japanese Miogypsinids Part 2-.
Bull. Nat. Sci. Museum, vol. 9, no. 3, p.
413-430, figs. 1-6, pis. 1-6.
YABE, H. and HANZAWA, S. (1928): Tertiary
Foraminiferous rocks of Taiwan (Formosa). Imp. Acad., Proc. Tokyo, vol. 4,
no. 9, 533-536, figs. 1-3.

)Jli

if:

s i:J; Jihfsti,\JJlit' Jih

Explanation of Plate 36
Miogypsina globulina (MicHELOTTI)B form:Figs. 1-6. Equatorial sections.
Fig. 1. x 75. IGPS coli. cat. no. 90926.
Fig. 2. x 59. IGPS coli. cat. no. 90927.
Fig. 3. x 54. IGPS coli. cat. no. 90928.
Fig. 4. x 54. IGPS coli. cat. no. 90929.
Fig. 5. x 77. IGPS coli. cat. no. 90930.
Fig. 6. x 52. IGPS coli. cat. no. 90g31.

iVIATSUMARU:

J\lliogyJJSinids j?·om, Pengh~~ Islands

M ,; T smvti\ rw <~ n d Kt) MI\Gi\ 1 photo.

fJlate 3U

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 72, pp. 345-350, pl. 37, Dec. 30, 1968

546.

CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES FROM THE TATSUNOKUCHI
FORMATION (EARLY MIYAGIAN) IN SENDAI CITY,MIYAGI PREFECTURE*
KOTORA HAT AI and HIROSHI NODA
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University,
Sendai, Japan'I;\JJ,JU',1 illiJ~Ji~-rJ&flf,ff[iO) r=1 ~ ,£p:j ~~i~ktl!J ~;:-? v' -c : ltlttn!J 1lli IVJ',•:o,&.IWi~i:: o) 1=1 1\1 J:: fJ ilt U::.:c-O)JFi'il§s"Jt;'H"f<~~;:~lt:~ifr{L;• L "( v' ~~Cal~i~nassa sp. O)~fl:Ti"C·ii;o .u,~~i,!Lt::,;tm ;j:j: 'J' J}f:. • ~'f fll Xii PJ~~~IJ. -N:-6 6-8 mm, [1[1I 1 mm :;kO)~Jip:J~;j.kVIJ:;:-?v'"Ct§l"iLt-f''5!'
J:: ::J 7 _,(1.7 ::ki§i'f:i8i:f
JJi.llT .:S Callianassa major SAY

of the Tatsunokuchi Formation in thegeologic column of the Sendai area isshown in Fig. 1 together with the stratigraphic position of the cylindrical specimens in the sequence of rocks developedin the Sankyo-zawa velley.
The Tatsunokuchi Formation is ofparticular interest because of the yieldof a wide variety of fossils, such as
marine pelecypods, gastropods and scaphopods (NOMURA, 1938; NOMURA andHAT AI, 1936; MASUDA, 1962; NODA, 1966;
Y ABE and HAT AI, 1940), shallow water
marine crabs (NAGAO, 1940), benthonicforaminifers (T AKAY ANAGI, 1950), whale
otoliths (HAT AI, HAY ASAKA and MASUDA,
1963), shark-teeth (HAT AI, 1938; HAT AI,
HAY ASAKA and MASUDA, 1963), elephantteeth (MATSUMOTO, 1926; HAT AI, 1966),
skull of Delphinus (not yet described or
figured), plant remains as leaves, fruits,
stems, pollen, etc. (Korw AI, 1914; OKuTSU, 1955-with bibliography), marine
diatoms (HANZAW A et a[., 1953; SHIBATA,
1962), besides others, and many interesting sedimentary structures (SHIBATA,
1962) occur in the Formation. Sand-pipes
have also been described from the for-Introduction
During stratigraphical work in the·sendai area the junior writer collectedfrom the lower part of the Tatsunokuchi
Formation (HANZAWA et al., 1953; HAT AI
and 0KUTSU, 1941; SHIBATA, 1963) exposed in the small valley of Sankyozawa, a rock sample preserving many
·short, rod-like cylindrical specimens inassociation with an external mold of
Tellina sendaica NOMURA (NOMURA, 1938,
p. 263, pl. 34, figs. 1a, 1b), a small marine
bivalve.
From the association of the marine
bivalve and also from the stratigraphic
position of the peculiar shaped specimens
midbetween two marine shell beds (Fig.
1), it is proved that the rod-like specimens are of marine origin. The lower·shell bed of the two just mentioned lieson the Kameoka Formation which issuperjacent to the Mitaki Andesite; bothshell beds belong to the Tatsunokuchi
Formation. The stratigraphic position* Received Sept. 28, 1968; read Sept. 22,
1968 at Kanazawa.

345

Kotora HATAI and Hiroshi NODA

346
Age. GroupSendai and its vicinityp~~~;
TO_v<:,.c

AOBAYAMA FORMATION
S-30m
DAINENJI
FORMATION
30-t30m'• .......
-.~·•:· :<:i:.
.:, ........._..::YAGIYAMA FORMATION
20-30m

z
:::J

:·:0

Fine grained tuffa·
ceous sandstone
Fine sandy tuff

I3:cr,·.a :,cr. G-: e: C?' o. 7

KITAYAMA FORMATIONt- tOm

(!)

2

0.3

* ;~·:· ;.:.<· ;.'..'~'::

0

a:

(!)

6

Cross laminatedcoarse grained sandstone, conctomerote2'{,: . ;c·.,: ·-0'.':HIROSEGAWA TUFF
15- 20m

Q.

<(~~;(m LITHIC CHARACTERCOLUMNARSECTION

REMARKS

Panope etc: ,Fine fuffacaous sands!. Sand oioe:.>hall bed
Fine grained tufla- Pellets ofceous sandstone
Callianassa s~
Tuffaoeous sandstone
Tuffaceous pebble

<(

>-

<(

0

z
w

::E

(/)

z
L;)
0

6

:::J

(!)

grained sandstone

LigniteSand pipe
Pisolite2

Sandy tuff

Quartz-rich

8

Variagated Andesi tic
lapilli tuff, fine tuff
alternation!Pumiceous coarse·.·_·,._,.·_·,,, ·,·ANDESITE
200m

SHIRASAWA FORMATION
330m

Coarse grained sandS!.
Pumiceous siltstone, tuff
SilhtoTle

FORMATION~- ~-som

Q.

:::J

2

KAMEO~MITAKI

>- 0
:.:
a:
<(

TATSUNOKUCHI FORMATION
30-60m

\

"'
•

..

.........
<2

.,

4

5

.::.

'
I>

Fig. 1. Stratigraphic Sequence of the Formations and Columnar
Section of the Rocks in the Sankyo-zawa Valley.

mation (NOMURA and HATAI, 1937).
Paleogeographic features and maps of
the Tatsunokuchi sea have been describedby HANZAW A (1950). As to the geologic
a·ge of the Tatsunokuchi Formation
several opinions have been expressed(OTUKA, 1940; HAT AI, 1940; YABE and
HAT AI, 1940 ; HANZA WA et a[., 1953;
HAT AI, 1966; ASANO and HAT AI, 1967).
However, at the present time the geologic age is generally accepted as Early
Miyagian (HAT AI, 1962). And, from thepaleogeography of the formation, it isaccepted that the Tatsunokuchi sea distributed along the eastern part of lwate,
Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures aswell as the bordering area of the Kitakami River in Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures, represented an embayment or inland sea widely operi. to the paleo-Pacific
Ocean at the central eastern part, where
it had best connection with the open
sea.

The Tatsunokuchi sea being of thenature just mentioned was favorable forthe deposition of fine grained sediments
as silts to sandy silts in the larger partand of coarse grained sands and conglomerates at certain marginal parts.
Areas of brackish water sediments andmolluscs that can live under such conditions are also found at several marginal
parts of the Tatsunokuchi sea in thesouthwestern part of the Sendai area.
Lignitic materials are common in certain
marginal (SHIBATA, 1962) or local basinal
areas of the paleo-sea.
From the stratigraphical position as
well as undisturbed tuffaceous muddy
sandstone preserving the simple shaped
short rod-like specimens, it is thoughtthat the environment at the time ofburial of the short cylinders must havebeen quiet and the water depth shallow
as will be stated later.

Cylindrical Structures

The Short Cylindrical Specimens
Description.- The short cylindrical
specimens are all of nearly the samelength, measuring from about 6 mm toa maximum to 8 mm, and their diameter
is about 1 mm, although some are more
flattened than others. The rods are allstraight with the terminal parts rather
sharply rounded as if suddenly pinched.
The surfaces of the cylinders exhibit no
particular markings and appear smooth.
The cylinders are arranged parallel withthe bedding plane of the deposits andalthough the majority are scattered orwithout definite orientation some areparallel with one another. These rods
seem to have accumulated to a thicknessof about several times their diameter.
The rods are preserved in a tuffaceousand muddy sandstone.
Comparison and remarks.-Rod-shaped
faecal pellets are known to be produced
by several kinds of marine organisms(MOORE, 1955), among which those of
the molluscs (ARAKAWA, 1962, 1963, 1965)
resemble the cylindrical structures underconsideration. ARAKAWA (1962) has presented a classification of the molluscan
faecal pellets.
The faecal pellets of cylindrical shape
made by most marine organisms arecharacterized by their more or lesscurved, irregularly extended, pinch-andswell and not straight shapes, their terminal parts may be pinched-rounded,
appear more or less squarely cut or attimes extended narrowly, and moreover,there always seems to be some kind of
sculpture on their surfaces, such as
spiral markings, longitudinal striations,pits, small triangular breaks at the sides,
and these features which characterize
most of the cylindrical faecal pellets of
the invertebrates serve to distinguish347

them from the fossil ones under consideration.
Cylindrical faecal pellets almost indistinguishable from the present ones inshape, arrangement, general size, andother features, are the one figured by
WEIMER and HOYT (1964). The rods
figured by them are the faecal pellets ofCallianassa major SAY, a decapod crustacean living along the Atlantic coast of
the United States of America. According to WEIMER and HOYT (1964, p. 762),"Discharged water carries faecal pellets
to the surface where they collect aroundthe burrow opening until removed bywaves and currents. The faecal pellets
are cylindrical in shape averaging slightly less than 1/16 inch in diameter and1/8 to 3/16 inch in length. Wave actioncommonly concentrates the pellets along
the beach to form thin laryers of clay".
Although the fossil faecal pellets arelarger than the ones reported by WEIMER and HOYT, larger crustaceans may
have been the cause. In the case of thewriter's specimens no burrow or sandpipe was found or noticed at the site of
the fossil faecal pellets, possibly because
the pellets may have been removed fromtheir original position and also to thepossibility that the burrow (sand-pipe)
may be preserved but was not visibleat the horizon of the pellets at the outcrop of the formation.
The fossil faecal pellets are almost
indistinguishable from the Recent ones
(WEIMER and HOYT, 1964), except forthe size, and are considered to be of thedecapod crustacean genus Callianassa.
This genus is most common of the distribution of the genus in the Early
Miyagian of Japan.
It should be stated that sand-pipes
occur in horizons both above and below
the one of the faecal pellets. The sandpipes are rare in the fine grained tuff

348

Kotara HATAI and Hiroshi NODA

superposed about three meters abovethat which yielded the pellets, whereas
in the lower about eight meters below
the horizon of the faecal pellets thepipes are more common. However, bothhorizons with the sand-pipes just mentioned are too remote from the faecal
pellet horizon to be considered theirburrows. Sand-pipes are, however, quite
common (NOMURA and HAT AI, 1937) atplaces, being most abundant in the upper
part of the Tatsunokuchi Formation
where no crabs or other kinds of fossils
have been found, and also rather common
at several localities of the middle andlower parts of the formation. The sandpipes just mentioned are usually circularin crosssection, generally rather straightor with only gentle pinching or swellings
along the length, fairly long and sometimes rather short ones are found.
Whether the sand-pipes were made by
the genus Callianassa or by some otherkind of decapod crustacean or marineorganism remains to be settled by future
study.
IMAIZUMI (1967) described from a siltstone of the middle or lower part of the
Tatsunokuchi Formation exposed in the
Tatsunokuchi gorge, many foot-prints
which he stated to belong to crabs suchas Helice tridens tridens (DE HAAN).
These fossil foot-prints were comparedby lMAIZUMI with foot-prints of crabs
left on dried sand or silt and with thelinear and 'scratches left on wet silt of
the intertidal zone. As crabs occur fromthe formation (NAGAO, 1940) the preservation of foot-prints is to be expectedshould the conditions be favorable. However, no sand-pipes or faecal pellets havebeen recorded from the locality where
either the crab or its foot-prints were
found.

References
AMsTuTz, G. C., 1958-Coprolites: A Reviewof the Literature and a Study of Specimens from Southern Washington. jour.
Sed. Petr., Vol. 28, No. 4, p. 498-508, 3
text-figs.
ARAKAWA, K. Y. (1962):
A CoprologicalStudy on the Molluscan Faeces. A Preliminary Note.
japan. jour. Malac_(Venus), Vol. 22, No.2, p. 151-172.
- - (1963) : Studies on the Molluscan Faeces(1). Pub!. Seta Mar. Bioi. Lab., Vol. 11.
No. 2, Art. 14, p. 185-208, 7 text-figs.
(Contr. Miyajima Aquarium Lab., No. 17)- - (1965): Studies on the Molluscan Faeces(2). Ibid., Vol. 13, No. 1, Art. 1, p. 1-21,
5 text-figs., 6 pis.
AsANo, K. and HAT AI, K. (1967): Micro- andMacropaleontological Tertiary Correlations within Japanese Islands and with
Planktonic Foraminiferal Sequences ofForeign Countries.
Tert. Cor. Clim.
Changes in the Pacific, p. 77-87, 2 tables(Edited by K. HATAI).
HANZAWA, S. (1950): Tertiary Paleogeography of North Japan. Short Papers, Inst.
Geol. Pal., Tohoku Univ., No. 2, p. 74-98,
4 figs.
- - , HATAI, K., IwAr, ]., KITAMURA, N. and
SHIBATA, T. (1953): The Geology of
Sendai and its Environs. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., Ser. 2, Geol., Vol. 25, p. 1-50,
4 charts, 2 geol. maps, 14 tables.
HATAI, K. (1938): A Review of the Fossil
Cirripedia and Shark-Teeth from the Region of Northeast Honsyil, Japan. Bull ..
Biogeogr. Soc. japan, Vol. 8, No. 15, p. 95102.
- - (1939): Plio-Pleistocene Versus Lower
Pliocene Age for the Tatsunokuchi Beds
Developed in Sendai and its Environs,.
Rikuzen Prov., Northeast Honsyil, Japan.
japan. jour. Geol. Geogr., Vol. 16, No. 4,.
p. 239-243.
- - (1941): Sundry Notes on the Japanese
Pliocene (1). Ibid., Vol. 18, Nos. 1-2, p.
79-86.
- - (1962) : Mizuho-To. Sci. Rep., Tohoku

Cylindrical Structures
Univ., Ser. 2, Geol., Spec. Vol., No. 5, p.
329-348.
- - (1966) : The Stratigraphic Position of
Trilophodon sendaicus MATSUMOTO in the
Mizuho-T6 of Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture. Saito Ho-on Kai Mus., Res. Bull.,
No. 35, p. 1-10, 1 pl.
- - , HAYASAKA, S. and MASUDA, K. (1963):
Some Fossil Tympanies from the Mizuho
Period of Northern Japan. Ibid., No. 32,
p. 5-13, 1 table, 2 pis.
- - and OKuTsu, H. (1941) : A Review of
the Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the
Tertiary Deposits of Sendai and theEnvirons, Miyagi-ken, Northeast Honsyu,
Japan. Part 1. A Review of the Stratigraphy. japan. jour. Geol. Geogr., Vol.
18, No. 3, p. 88-96.
IMAIZUMI, R. (1963): Historical Review of
the Fossil Decapoda of Japan. Kokakurui no Kenkyu (Studies on Crustacea),
No. 1, p. 1-9, 2 text-figs.
- - (1967) : On some Lebensspuren fromthe Tatsunokuchi Formation at Tatsunokuchi Gorge, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture.
Papers in Commemoration of Doctor HAYASAKA's Seventy-seventh Birthday, p.
205-210, 3 text-figs., pl. 17.
KoiWAI, K. (1914): Notes on a Plant Bed
Exposed at Sanjunin-machi in Sendai.
jour. Geol. Soc. japan. Vol. 21, No. 255,
p. 35-39.
KoRNICKER, L. S. (1962) :Evolutionary
Trends among Mollusk Faecal Pellets.
jour. Paleont., Vol. 36, No. 4, p. 829-834.
MASUDA, K. (1962) : Tertiary Pectinidae ofJapan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., Ser. 2,
Geol., Vol. 33, No.2, p. 117-238, pis. 18-27,
11 text-figs.
MATSUMOTO, H. (1926) : On Two New
Mastodonts and an Archetypal Stegodont
of Japan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ.,
Ser. 2, Geol., Vol. 10, No. 1, p. 6-9, pis.
3-4.
MooRE, H. B. (1955) : Faecal Pellets in Relation to Marine Deposits, in Recent Sediments (Edited by P. D. TRASK). Soc.
Econ. Pal. Min., Spec. Publ., No. 4, p. 516524, 1 text-fig.
NAGAO, T. (1940): On a New Brachyura

349

Crab from the Tatunokuti Bed of Sendai,
Miyagi Prefecture. jour. Fa c. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, Vol. 6, No. 1, p.
69-73, 1 pl.
NonA, H. (1966) : The Cenozoic Arcidae ofJapan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., Ser. 2,
Geol., Vol. 38, No.1, p. 1-160, 16 text-figs.,
35 tables, 14 pis.
NoMuRA, S. (1938) : Molluscan Fossils fromthe Tatunokuti Shell-Bed Exposed at
Goroku in the Western Border of Sendai.
Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ., Ser. 2, Geol.,Vol. 19, No.2, p. 235-275, pis. 33-36 (refer
to p. 263, pl. 34, figs. 1a, 1b).
- - and HAT AI, K. (1936): On Some Speciesof the Genus Area from the Neogene ofNortheast Honsyfi, Japan. japan. jour.
Geol. Geogr., Vol. 13, Nos. 1-2, p. 63-70,
pis. 12-13.
--and - - (1937): Preliminary Notes on
Some Sand-pipes. Saito Ho-on Kai Mus.,
Res. Bull., No. 13, p. 147-153, 2 figs.
0KUTSU, H. (1955) : On the Stratigraphy andPaleobotany of the Cenozoic Plant Bedsof the Sendai Area. Sci. Rep., Tohoku
Univ., Ser. 2, Geol., Vol. 26, p. 1-144, 34
text-figs., 14 tables, 8 pis.
OTuKA, Y. (1940) : On the Geologic Age of
the Sendai Series, Northeast Honsyfi,
Japan. japan. jour. Geol. Geogr., Vol. 17,
Nos. 1-2, p. 101-103.
SHIBATA, T. (1962): Geology of the Sendai
and Nanakita-Sanbongi Areas, Miyagi
Prefecture. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., Ser.
2, Vol. 34, No. 3, p. 239-301, 4 tables, 6
text-figs., pis. 17-26.
TAKAYANAGI, Y. (1950): Pliocene Smaller
Foraminifera from Western Sendai. Short
Papers, Inst. Geol. Pal., Tohoku Univ.,
No. 2, p. 23-28, 6 figs.
WEIMER, R. J. and HoYT, J. H. (1962) : Callianassa major Burrows, Geologic Indicators of Littoral and Shallow Neritic Environments (Abstract). Geol. Soc. Amer.,Spec. Paper 168, p. 321.
- - and - - (1964) : Burrows of Callianassa
major SAY, Geologic Indicators of Littoraland Shallow Neritic Environments. jour.
Paleont., Vol. 38, No.4, p. 761-767, 2 textfigs., pl. 123-124.

350

Kotora HATAI and Hiroshi NODA

YABE, H. and HATAI, K. (1940):

A Note on
Pecten (Fortipecten, subg. nov.) takahashii
YoKOYAMA and Its Bearing on the Neo-

Tatsunokuchi
MitakiKameokaSankyo-zawa

~O)p

*

~~

lllll
::::mTRgene Deposits of Japan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku
Imp. Univ., Ser. 2, Geol., Vol. 21, No.2, p.
147-160, pls. 34-35.

Iwate
Miyagi
Fukushima
Sendai

:5

=¥-

'[!!;

JpJI.

riil

lih

f~l

.A
p

Explanation to Plate 37
Figs. 1, 2. Faecal pellets of Callianassa sp. IGPS. coli. cat. no, 90766, from the Tatsunokuchi
Formation at Sankyo-zawa, Sendai City. Fig. 1. Broad view of the fossil specimens as
entombed in the marine sediments. Fig. 2. An enlarged view (ca. x4) of Fig. 1. Notethe long cylindrical shape of the specimens and their mode of accumulation.

HATAI and NODA:

2

K uMAGA 1 photo.

Cylindrical St?·uctures

Plate 87

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 72, pp. 351-362, pls. 38, 39, Dec. 30, 1968

547.

SANDPIPES PENETRATING IGNEOUS ROCKSIN THE ENVIRONS OF SEND AI, JAPAN*
KOICHIRO MASUDAn"epartment of Geology, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai

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Introduction

decay to make sandpipes.
In the Recent seas the rocks into which
the shells bore are usually soft ones suchas the sedimentary rocks in the tidalzone, though rarely the shells bore into
concrete, brick, gneiss, etc. (AMEMIY A
and 0HSHIMA, 1933, YONGE, 1949, 1951,
SUYAMA and UTASHIRO, 1955, TURNER,
1954, MENZIES, 1957, etc.). Consequently,
the sandpipes due to the boring shells
are usually found in sedimentary rocks(mostly of the Tertiary) such as sandstone, mudstone or shale (UozuMI and
FUJIE, 1956, WATANABE and liJIMA, 1959,
MASUDA and TAKEZAWA, 1961, lTOIGAWA,
1963a, b, KASENO and MATSUURA, 1964,
ADEGOKE, 1966).
Several years ago the writer discovered
many sand-filled burrows, commonly referred to as sandpipe, in the igneousrocks in the vicinity of Watari-machi,
Watari-gun, Miyagi Prefecture in thesouthern border of Sendai City. Sub-

The holes made by boring organisms
and preserved in the bed rock in thegeological column indicate that suchorganisms once lived in the environment
and probably also in the one in which
they were buried. For this reason thoseorganisms are interesting and important
to interpret the environmental conditionsof the area at the time they lived.
Among the borers the bivalve molluscs,
commonly referred to as boring shells,
are the largest and most specialized rockborers. The holes made by the boringshells usually show very conspicuous andspecialized features and are easily distinguishable from those of other boringorganisms. Usually their holes are filledwith the sediments after their death and* Received September 28, 1968; read at the99th meeting of the Society at Sendai, June
22, 1968.
351

352

Koichiro MASUDA

sequently, Ken-ichi KUMAGAI and Rentaro TAKEZAWA collected numerous sandpipes from the igneous rocks exposed in
the vicinity of Kita-Akaishi, Sendai;
these were offered to the writer for
examination.
An examination of these sandpipes
revealed that they were probably madeby boring shells, as their morphologicalfeatures were quite similar with thosemade by Recent boring shells. However,
because of their preservation, the kindof boring shells responsible for them
could not be determined.
Lately the writer examined numerous
sandpipes some of which contained theboring shells within the igneous rocks
developed in the environs of Sendai(text-fig. 1). Taking this opportunity thecharacteristics of the boring shells andtheir sandpipes in the igneous rocks aredescribed and their geological significances discussed.
The present record of boring shells in
igneous rocks may be the first both fossil and Recent. Therefor~, it is expectedthat the Recent boring shells will befound in igneous rocks and that igneousrock boulders with holes of boring shells
will be found in geological formations
other than reported in this article.
Acknowledgements
Appreciation is expressed to Professor
Kotora HATAI of the Institute of Geology
and Paleontology, Faculty of Science,
Tohoku University, for his advice during
the course of the present study and forreading the manuscript, to Dr. Tadashige
HABE of the National Science Museumin Tokyo, for his valuable suggestions,and to Messrs. Ken-ichi KuMAGAI of the
Fuzoku Middle School of the Miyagi
University of Education, Rentaro TAKEZAW A of the Hachiken Middle School of
Sendai and Nobutaka WATANABE of the
Ohara Middle School of 0 jika-machi, fortheir help during the present work.

Outlines of Geology

Text-fig. 1. Locality map. 1, Dodokoro,
Izumi-machi; 2, Kashikobuchi, Sendai City;3, Hagurodai, Sendai City ; 4, Kamegamori.
Sendai City; 5, Minami-Akaishi, Sendai
City; 6, Kita-Akaishi, Sendai City; 7, Nakayachi, Sendai City; 8, Ashitate, Muratamachi; 9, Shimogori, Watari-machi.

The Miocene marine strata distributedin the environs of Sendai are classified
into the Takadate Andesite, Hatatate andTsunaki formations (SHIBATA, 1962) inascending order.
The Takadate Andesite comprises twopyroxene andesite, hyperthene, augite
and hornblende andesite, augite andesite,
dacite, tuff breccia, volcanic breccia,
lapilli tuff, etc. The volcanic rocks occur
as lava flows or dikes.

547.

corals, balanids, bryozoans, brachiopods
and foraminifers are common in themember. Molluscs, sponges, foraminifers,
etc. are found in the fine-grained sandstone and siltstone of the Hatatate Formation proper. The holes of the boringshells are found in the volcanic rocks of
the Takadate Andesite and in the andesite boulders or cobbles in the conglomerate of the Moniwa Member.

The Hatatate Formation consists ofconglomerate, coarse- to fine-grainedsandstone, tuffaceous fine-grained sandstone, tuffaceous siltstone and an alternation of tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone in ascending order. The lower
part of conglomerate and coarse-grainedsandstone is called the Moniwa Member(HAT AI, 1960) ; its thickness varies asshown in text-fig. 2. Molluscs, echinoids,2353

Sandpipes Penetrating Igneous Rocks

3

5

4

7

6

~MT~~t~~::;;~--~ ~ ~~~,;' --~~,:--- _::-_-- -- --~ -~-------~
[:M

""'

v:

~

\

/

',

/ /

\ '>A/ //-----~-.:.
, .
/vv

/

v v

/

',

/

' ...

/
/
/

10

Text-fiig. 2. Columnar sections of the Moniwa Member of the Hatatate Formation. H,
Hatatate Formation proper; M, Moniwa Member of the Hatatate Formation; T, Takadate
Andesite; 1, Minami-Akaishi; 2, Kita-Akaishi; 3, Kamegamori; 4, Moniwa; 5, Hagurodai;
6, Kumanod6; 7. Shimog6ri.

The Hatatate Formation is overlain
with conformity by the Tsunaki Formation of conglomerate, sandstone, tuff
breccia, etc. Bore-holes are also foundin the andesite or dacite boulders in theconglomerate of the Tsunaki Formationand its equivalent Nanakita Formation.
Occurrence of Sandpipe

As mentioned above the boring shell
sandpipes occur in the hard lava flows
and dikes of the Takadate Andesite andin the igneous rock boulders of the conglomerate of the Moniwa Member of the
Hatatate Formation, Tsunaki Formationand some of their correlatives.
The sandpipes in hard rock commonlyoccur in the dacite of the Takadate Andesite at a roadside cutting at MinamiAkaishi in Sendai City, in the twopyroxene andesite dike of the Takadate

Andesite of a roadside cutting at KitaAkaishi in Sendai City, in the augite
andesite lava near a tunnel of the Joban
Railway Line at Shimogori, Watari-machi,
south of Sendai and also in the twopyroxene andesite lava near Ashitate,
Murata-machi, southwest of Sendai.
At Minami-Akaishi the Moniwa Member is composed of cross-bedded granuleconglomerate to very coarse-grainedsandstone sometimes with huge andesiteboulders which lies with very irregulareroded surface on the dacite. Usually
the sandpipes are found more commonlyon the marginal surface than on theupper surface. The sandpipes extend 10
to 45 mm down into the underlying hard
dacite. They are arranged in almost
upright position, open at the top, regularly and broadly rounded at the base,and none were observed to intercept
another.

354

Koichiro MASUDA

No molluscs or other kinds of fossils
were found in the overlying sediments,
but ill-preserved boring shell remains
are usually found in the fig-like shaped
sandpipes. The majority of the sandpipes have their upper parts eroded
away and covered by the overlying
layers, thus only their lower parts arepreserved without remains of the original
boring shell. The incomplete bore-holes
are often occupied by hard bottom
dwelling molluscs such as Barbatia,
Phlyctiderma and Jrus. Also molluscan
shell fragments, corals, bryozoans andworm tubes are sometimes found in theholes. Moreover, the worm tubes sometimes occur attached to the walls of thesmall cracks or cavities in the dacite.
The andesite dike cutting the Takadate Andesite is covered with unconformity by the Moniwa Member at KitaAkaishi. At this locality the Moniwa
Member is composed of pebble conglomerate with a few boulders penetrated
sporadically by the boring shells at thelower part but the sediments tend to
become finer upwards. Numerous deep
to shallow dish-shaped burrows are foundin the irregular surface of the ~andesite
dike. No boring shells were found in
the bore-holes. They occur in almost
upright position and extend about 10 mm
down into the andesite dike.
The sandpipes in the eroded surface
of andesite at Shimogori all have their
upper parts eroded away by the overlying granule to conglomeratic very
coarse-grained sandstone with some huge
andesite boulders and cobbles. The sandpipes occur in almost upright position
and they are shallow dish-like in shape.
The sediments overlying the coarse clastics may be equivalent to a part of the
Hatatate Formation from stratigraphic
relations, though no fossils were found.
Near Ashitate the Moniwa Member

which is composed of sponges and brachiopods bearing conglomeratic, coarse- tomedium-grained tuffaceous sandstone
with huge andesite boulder, unconformably overlies the andesite lava of the
Takadate Andesite. The bore-holes ofthe molluscs occur in the irregular surface of the andesite lava and all havetheir upper parts partly eroded awayby the overlying sediments.
Another type of sandpipes is observedin the andesite boulders of the lower
part of the Moniwa Member. Thesesandpipes are found at Kita-Akaishi,
Nakayachi, Kamegamori and Hagurodai
all in Sendai City and at Shimogori in
Watari-machi and Ashitate in Muratamachi. The sandpipes are usually foundon the upper surface of the boulders but
sometimes also on the basal parts.
The sandpipes from Kita-Akaishi areusually of fig-shape and retain the boringshells within, but those from the otherlocalities all have their upper parts
eroded and are jar- to dish-shape and do
not preserve the boring shell.
The holes bored into andesite or daciteboulders are also found from the conglomerate of the Tsunaki Formation andfrom the conglomerate of the lowermost
part of the Nanakita Formation in thenorthern border of Sendai.
Description of Boring Shell

Family Pholadidae
Genus Pholadidea TURTON, 1819
Pholadidea sp.
Pl. 38, figs. 5a-c, 6

Medium in size, oblong, moderately
inflated; separated into two parts bydistinct, narrow, nearly straight, obliquefurrow running from beak to ventral

547.

Sandpipes Penetrating Igneous Rocks

margin; posterior part longer than anterior, gradually becoming slender towards rounded posterior margin, sculptured with coarse concentric lines;
anterior part rather distinctly separated
into two parts, anterior half sculptured
with somewhat imbricated radiating riblets and concentric lines and rathersmooth callum.

Dimensions (in mm).Height
LengthThickness

22
35.5
22

23.5

17

22

19

Remarhs.-The specimens are not wellpreserved but their preserved charactersserve to identify them with the genus
Pholadidea.
In general features they
resemble Pholadidea (Penitella) kamakurensis (YOKOYAMA), a Recent species ofJapan, but the naming is held until
better preserved specimens are obtained.
From Pholadidea lwtakae KANNO and
MATSUNO described from the lower partof the Miocene Chikubetsu Formation in
Hokkaido (KANNO and MATSUNO, 1960)
the present ones can be distinguishedby the smaller size and narrow anterior
part.
Usually, after attaining full size Pholadidea ceases to bore. Therefore, it isevident that the described specimen
having a callum has attained full size.
Locality, geological formation and age.River floor of the Natori-gawa, KitaAkaishi, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture.
Moniwa Member of the Hatatate Formation. Early Miocene.

Description of Sandpipe
So far as examined the numerous sandpipes found in the igneous rocks fromthe environs of Sendai are all sand-filled
bore-holes made by Pholadidea. Theirmorphological features are as follows.

355

1)

Sandpipe from Minami-Akaishi
The nearly perfectly preserved sandpipes are small, fig-like in shape, andretain the original boring shell. The
boring shells have very little freedom of
movement in their tight burrow. The
bore-holes usually are filled with rather
poorly sorted sandstone, being in generalof very coarse-grained sandstone in the
inner part and with a tendency of
becoming grained finer outwards. But
when the upper parts of the sandpipes
are worn away the contents of the borehole usually consist of poorly sorted very
coarse-grained sandstone with subangular
granules, shell fragments or rarely withcoral fragments. The inner surface ofthe bore-holes is usually rather smooth
but sometimes faint impressions arevisible. The uppermost parts of theholes are subcircular in section with diameters of 8 to 11 mm ; the diameter
varies according to the state of preservation. The length of the holes varies
with the state of preservation but usually measures 33 to 45 mm. The holes
gradually expand towards the lower end
and usually attain 20 to 24 mm in diameter near the base, but sometimes exceed
26 mm. The profile of the sand pipes
near the base is subcircular. The longitudinal axis of the burrows is usuallybent irregularly.
2)

Sandpipe from Kita-Akaishi
At Kita-Akaishi the sandpipes arefound in the andesite boulders of thebasal part of the Moniwa Member on
the river floor of the Natori-gawa. Sandpipes-bearing huge boulders are rather
rare in the conglomerate. They are foundin the andesite dikes cutting the Takadate Andesite. The burrows in the andesite boulders are rather well preservedand contain the original boring shell,
none were found in the underlying vol-356

Koichiro MASUDA
Table 1.
Loc.

LengthMax. diameter

A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B

33.5
43
38
45
39
40.5
20
36
25
37
28
40
27
28
25
49.5
49.5
38
36
50
51.5
40
42

c
c

50

22.5
24.5
18
21. 5
20.5
23
22
26
13
21.5
19
26.5
18
18
13
23.5
25.5
21. 5
23
28
27.5
28
25.5
26
25

Min. diameter (in mm.)
11

10
8
9

9

8.5
9.5
6.5
7

9.5

10

A: Minami-Akaishi (basement) ; B: Kita-Akaishi (boulder) ;C: Kashiko-buchi (boulder).

carrie breccia and tuff breccia. The burrows are filled with the calcareous coarseto very coarse-grained sandstone thesame as the cementing materials of theconglomerate. Sometimes crystallized calcite occurs in small cavities at the lower
part of the sandpipes. The contents of
the well preserved sandpipes as well as
those lacking their upper parts areanalogous to the ones from MinamiAkaishi as already described. No organisms seem to have occupied the boreholes after death of the original boringshell.
The morphological features of theburrows from the present locality arenearly the same as those from Minami-

Akaishi, except for the somewhat larger
size (Table 1). Their longitudinal axis
is usually bent irregularly and sometimes
twisted extremely.
As the bore-holes in the andesite dikes
have their upper parts eroded away, they
are shallow dish-like in shape and contain poorly sorted very coarse- to coarsegrained sandstone with some subangular
granules.
3) Sandpipe from Shimogori
The sandpipes from Shimogori occur
in the eroded surface of the andesite
lava of the Takadate Andesite and also
in the andesite boulders or rarely in thelarge andesite cobbles of the conglomer-

547.

Sandpipes Penetrating Igneous Rocks

ate of the Moniwa Member of the Hatatate Formation. They all have their
upper parts eroded away and are shallow
dish-like in shape, therefore, the original
boring shells are not observed within.
The lower end of the burrows in thebasement rocks have subcircular profile<>f 25 mm or a little more in diameter.
No fossil shells or worm tubes were
found in the sand-filled burrows.

357

shell. The largest diameter of the lower
end measured 26 mm. The morphologicalcharacters of burrows are quite similar
to those from the Moniwa Member. The
burrows are filled with poorly sorted
very coarse-grained sandstone with subangular granules or pebbles. No fossil
shells were found in either the burrows
or conglomerate.
7)4)

Sandpipe from Ashitate
Near Ashitate numerous sandpipes
are found in the huge andesite boulders
cemented by the conglomeratic, coarseto medium-grained, tuffaceous sandstone<>f the Moniwa Member. Burrows arefound in the andesite lava of the Takadate Andesite but their details are unknown, because their upper parts havebeen eroded away and they are all
dish-like in shape. The sandpipes contain poorly sorted sandstone.
5)

Sandpipe from the other localities of
Moniwa Member
The sandpipes from Nakayachi, Kamegamori and Hagurodai occur in huge
andesite boulders of the conglomerate, allhave their upper parts eroded and areassociated with other molluscs. They
are jar- to dish-like in shape and theirmorphological features are similar to
those already described.

6)

Sand pipe from the Tsunaki Formation
The sandpipes from the Tsunaki Formation occur in the andesite and daciteboulders of the conglomerate at Kashikobuchi in the western margin of Sendai
City. Most of them have their upperparts eroded and thus are jar- to dishlike in shape. Some rather well preserved ones attain about 50 mm in lengthand have irregularly bent longitudinalaxis. None retained the original boring

Sandpipe from the Nanakita Formation
Sandpipes in the andesite and daciteboulders of the con.glomerate of the
Nanakita Formation are very common
in the vicinity of Dodokoro, Izumi-machi,
north of Sendai City. All of them arefilled with very coarse-grained sandstone
with some subangular granules. Sometimes the original boring shell is foundwithin but most have their upper parts
eroded. The boring shell remains in thesandpipes are not well preserved. The
morphological characters of the burrows
are quite similar to those from the Moniwa Member.
Remarks
From the characteristics of the sandpipes found in the igneous rocks in theenvirons of Sendai it can be said that,(1) they are fig-like in shape when wellpreserved and jar- to dish-like in shapewhen their upper parts are eroded, (2)they occur in almost upright position,
open at the top and gradually expanding
towards the rounded basal part, (3) the
diameter of the lower part usually exceeds twice that at the top, (4) the present sandpipes in the igneous rocks fromthe different localities show nearly thesame morphological characters; they are
all considered to have been made by thegenus Pholadidea, (5) the longitudinal
axis of the burrows is usually bent and358

Koichiro MASUDA

sometimes even twisted extremely, (6)the sandpipes usually contain rather
poorly sorted coarse-grained sandstonewhen the original shell is retained, butof generally very coarse-grained sandstone in the inner part and somewhat
finer ones outwards; the imperfect boreholes contain poorly sorted very coarsegrained sandstone with subangular
granules throughout.
Small pits produced by honeycomb
weathering somewhat resemble the present burrows but they can be distinguished from the present ones by possessing a rim bordering the cavity andby the non-uniform morphological features.
It is· interesting to notice that the
sandpipes in the igneous rocks are different from those in the sedimentaryrocks in several features. With regard
to the boring method of the boring shells
it is believed at present that all members of the Pholadidae bore into therocks by purely mechanical means (TuRNER, op. cit., MORTON, 1964). Therefore,
it is considered that the lithologicalcharacters of the volcanic rocks may be
responsible for the irregularly bendingof the longitudinal axis. The smaller
size of the burrows in the volcanic rocks
compared with those in the soft sidimentary rocks may be largely due to thehardness, composition and texture of the
volcanic rocks. That the burrows in theandesite are somewhat larger in size
than those in the dacite may be explained, at least in part, by the differerences in their lithological characters.
The veligers of the boring shells after
becoming attached to the rocks begin
boring and with growth the holes becomelarger. In the Recent seas the boringshells are commonly found on the sideor marginal surface of the sedimentaryrocks more than on the upper surface.

Similarly, the burrows occurring in thebasement rocks of the Takadate Andesite are found more commonly on themarginal surface than the upper. The
frequent occurrence of many small
cracks or cavities on the marginal surface of andesite and dacite favors thesettling of the veligers to these rocks.
After the veligers of the boring shells
settled in the cavities of relatively soft
weathered surface or of the hard parts of
the rocks they begin boring. Differential
weathering of the rocks results in the
different natures of the rocks such as
hardness or texture, which are not always uniform throughout the rock body.
Therefore, when boring into the unweathered hard parts by mechanicalaction, the shells had to change theirboring direction towards the relatively
softer parts. Thus, it appears that thelongitudinal axis may have been twisted
extremely.
TuRNER (op. cit.) stated that "whenthey are boring into a harder rock suchas gneiss, there must be some elementsin the rocks which are softer than theshell itself or else the rocks must be ofa friable nature". Considering from thegeneral features of the present burrows
occurring in the volcanic rocks it isevident that the genus Pholadidea canbore by purely mechanical means into
the igneous rocks. Therefore, it seems
that the boring activity of the genus
Pholadidea is not hindered by the composition of the rocks. It is believed that
the Recent Pholadidea can bore into
igneous or metamorphic rocks and thatsuch kind will be found.
As mentioned in the earlier lines numerous burrows were found commonly inthe andesite boulders but not in thesmall cobbles or pebbles. In the Recent
seas the boring shells are found commonly in boulders to large cobbles but

547.

Sandpipes Penetrating Igneous Rocks

not in small cobbles or pebbles. Thismay be related with the movements ofthe gravels. That is to say, because thesmall gravels are easily moved by water
action, the veligers of the boring shells
would have little chance for settling.
Holes of boring shells are sometimes
found in large cobbles at Shimog6ri but
elsewhere they are usually found in ones
larger than cobbles. Rarely the burrows
are found both on the upper surface andon the basal part of the boulders but
usually they are not found on the basal
part. At Shimog6ri the burrows arefound to occur on the upper surface ofthe boulders and large cobbles and none
were observed on the basal parts. At
Kita-Akaishi, Nakayachi and Kamegamori a few burrows were found on thebasal part of small boulders.
The presence of bore-holes on the upper and lower surfaces of the boulders
can be explained as follows. Duringsome time the boulders or large cobbles
must have been exposed on the sea bottom, and this favored the settling of theboring shells. Therefore, the presenceof burrows on both the upper surface
and basal part of the boulders indicatesthat the boulders may have been subjected to the action of currents or waves
by which each surface was reversed toallow the settling of the veligers which
later made the bore-holes. Boulders or
cobbles with the burrows only on theupper surface suggests that they remained stationary on the sea bottom. The
mode of occurrences of the bore-holebearing boulders or cobbles in the geological formations may give some clue
for the interpretation of the environmental conditions at the time of deposition.
Sometimes Barbatia, Phlyctiderma andJrus are found in the sandpipes whichlack their upper parts. They occupied359

the holes made by the boring shells after
the mollusc died, therefore they are notfound in the burrows in which theoriginal boring shells are preserved. As
the holes in the volcanic rocks \'/ere
originally bored by Pholadidea, it isevident that Barbatia, Phlyctidenna andJrus are subsequent occupants.
With regard to the boring actionof the genus Jrus UT ASHIRO (1961) has
discussed in detail and pointed out thatit can bore holes in mudstone. But fromthe facts mentioned above Jrus can not
be considered to have originally boredholes into the igneous rocks. Similarly,
worms, bryozoans, etc. that were foundin the holes are apparently subsequent
occupants.
When the bore-holes are excellent inpreservation their contents usually consist of rather poorly sorted sandstone,
being generally very coarse-grained in
the inner part and somewhat fine outwards. Such differences in grain size
have already been pointed out by HATAI(1938) and MASUDA and TAKEZAWA (op.
cit.). HATAI, in the case of sandpipes
due to crustaceans, stated that the coarse
sediments are on the outer surface andfinest at the core. HATAI'S sandpipe
from the Byoritsu Formation in Formosais known as Ophiomorpha. On the other
hand, the writer and TAKEZAWA havepointed out that in the sandpipes containing Barnea (Umitalwa) japonica (YoKOYAMA) from the Pliocene Yagiyama
Formation at Sendai City the coarse
sediments are in the inner part and finerones at the outer part.

Geological SignificanceThe burrows of the boring shells
penetrating the basement rocks of the
Neogene sedimentaries are found in the
dacite and andesite lavas and in the

360

Koichiro MASUDA

andesite dikes of the Takadate Andesite.
The majority of them have their upperparts eroded irregularly by the overlying Moniwa Member of the Hatatate
Formation. From the occurrences of theburrows made by the boring shells it isevident that the intertidal zone of the
rocky shores consisted of volcanic rocks
in the vicinities of Kita-Akaishi, MinamiAkaishi, Ashitate and Shimog6ri. Fromthe preserved conditions of the burrows
and of the sediments developed in thoseareas, it is thought that strong waves orcurrents may have prevailed.
With regard to the stratigraphic relations between the Takadate Andesite
and Moniwa Formation, HANZAWA etat. (1953) have pointed out that the Moniwa interfingers with the Takadate.
But 0IDE (1961) and SHIBATA (1962) havepointed out that the relation between
them is an unconformity in the westernregion and that they interfinger with eachother in the eastern region in the environs of Sendai.
From the accounts given in the earlier
lines the writer considers that the Moniwa Member overlies the Takadate
Andesite with unconformity in thewestern and southwestern regions andalso in the vicinity of Shimog6ri in thesoutheastern part but in other regions

they may interfingers with one another.
That is to say, it is evident that the
Takadate Andesite in the western andsouthwestern regions and also in thesoutheastern part have been upliftedand eroded before the major transgression of the Moniwa sea.
It appears that the variation of the
thickness of the Moniwa Member may
have relation with the relief of the sea
bottom at the time of deposition. This
inference is based upon, as shown intext-fig. 2, the thickness of the Moniwa
Member is generally less in the vicinities
of Kita-Akaishi, Minami-Akaishi, Ashitate and Shimog6ri and also in the vicini ties of Kamegamori and Hagurodaithan in the other regions. In these areas
the burrows of the boring shells arefound to occur in the volcanic rocks of
the Takadate Andesite and in the boulders of the Moniwa Member. Therefore,
it is considered that the areas in which
occur the boulders or cobbles bored by
the boring shells may have been influenced by the activity of waves or currents. As the sea bottom of the Takadate Andesite may have been very irregular, the low or deeper parts werecovered by coarse-grained sediments andthe high or shallower parts may havebeen exposed, but with the progress of

Explanation of Plate 38
Figs. 1-4. Sandpipes collected from the andesite boulder of the Moniwa Member of Hatatate
Formation, x 1. Loc. River floor of the Natori-gawa, Kita-Akaishi, Sendai City.
Figs. 5a-c, 6. Pholadidea sp. x 1. a, right valve, b, left valve, c, dorsal view. 6, dorsal view.
Loc. Same as above.
Fig. 7. Pholadidea kamakurensis (YoKoYAMA), x 1. Left valve. Loc. Ohya, Motoyoshi-machi,
Motoyoshi-gun, Miyagi Prefecture (from a Permian calcareous slate boulder). Recent.
Fig. 8. Phlyctiderma sp. x 1. Loc. Roadside cutting at Minami-Akaishi, Sendai City (from theburrow of the boring shells).
Fig. 9. Unconformity between the dacite of the Takadate Andesite and the conglomerate of
the Moniwa Member of the Hatatate Formation. Loc. Same as above.
Fig. 10. Burrows found on the plane of uncomformity. Loc. Same as above.

MASUDA:

Sanclpipes Penetmting rgneous Rocksla7

Plate 38

547.

Sandpipes Penetrating Igneous Rockstransgression and deepening of the basin
the sediments became finer upwards.
The fossil localities of the Moniwa
marine fauna are very widely distributed
and their fossil assemblages are very
·different among the localities (NOMURA,
1940, OYAMA, 1954). Therefore, it isevident that these differences in thefossil assemblages may have been due
to the differences in the environmental
conditions at the time of deposition.
References
ADEGOKE, 0. S. (1966): Silicified Sand-pipes
belonging to Chaceia ( ?) (Phaladidae:
Martesiinae) from the Late Miocene of
California. The Veliger, Vol. 9, No. 2,
pp. 233-235, pl. 21.
.AMEMIYA, I. and OsHIMA, Y. (1933): On
Rock-boring Pelecypods (in Japanese).
Bot. Zool., Vol. 1, No. 9, pp. 1271-1282,
text-figs. 1-20.
- - and - - (1933) : Note on the Habitatof Rock-boring Molluscs on the Coast ofCentral Japan. Proc. Imp. Acad. (Tokyo),Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 120-123.
EvANS, J. W. (1967): A Re-Interpretationof the Sand-pipes Described by ADEGOKE.
The Veliger, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 174-175,
pl. 17.
HANZAWA, S., HAT AI, K., IWAI, }., KITAMURA,
N. and SHIBATA, T. (1953): The Geology
of Sendai and its Environs. Sci. Rep.,
Tohoku Univ., Ser. 2 (Geol.), Vol. 25, pp.
1-50, 14 tables, 4 charts, 2 maps.
HATAI, K. (1938): Further Notes on SandPipes. jour. Geol. Soc. japan, Vol. 45,
No. 542, pp. 873-875, 1 text-fig.
· - - (1960): Japanese Miocene Reconsidered
Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ. Ser. 2 (Geol.),
Spec. Vol., No. 4, pp. 127-153.
ITOIGAW A, J. (1963a) : Some Miocene Boring
Shells and their Life Tracks (" Lebensspuren") from the Mizunami Group, Gifu
Prefecture, Japan (in Japanese). Earth
Sci., No. 67, pp. 1-12, pis. 1-2, 1 text-fig,
1 table.
- - (1963b): Miocene Rock- and Wood-boring

361

Bivalves and their Burrows from the Mizunami Group, Central Japan. jour. Earth
Sci., Nagoya Univ., Vol. 11, No.1, pp. 101123, pis. 1-7, 5 text-figs.
KANNO, S. and MATSUNO, K. (1960): Molluscan Fauna from " the Chikubetsu Formation", Hokkaido, Japan. jour. Geol.
Soc. japan, Vol. 66, No. 772, pp. 35-45, pl.
4-5, 2 text-figs., 1 table.
KAsExo, Y. and MATSUURA, N. (1964) : Fossil Boring Shells found on the U neonformable Surface below the Omma Formation (Pliocene) near Kanazawa City,
Japan (in Japanese). Ibid., Vol. 70, No.
831, pp. 565-571, pl. 3, 7 text-figs.
MASUDA, K. (1968): Life Tracks in the
Igneous Rock from the Environs of Sendai(in Japanese). Ibid., Vol. 74, No. 2, pp.
111-112.
- - and TAKEGAWA, H. (1965): Remarkson the Miocene Molluscs from the Sennan
District, Miyagi Prefecture, Northeast
Honshu, Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Mus.,
Res. Bull., No. 34, pp. 1-14, pis. 1-2, 1
text-fig., 2 tables.
- - and TAKEZAWA, R. (1961):
On an
Interesting Sand-pipe from the Environs
of Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Northeast
Honshu, Japan. Ibid., No. 30, pp. 39-64,
1 pl., 1 text-fig.
MENZIEs, R. J. (1957): Marine Borers. Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology,
Geol. Soc. Am., Mem. 67, Vol. 1, pp. 10291034.
MoRTON, J. E. (1964) : Locomotion in WILBUR,
R. M. and YoNGE, C. M., Physiology of
Mollusca, Vol. 1, pp. 383-423, 28 text-figs.
NIINO, H. (1936): Two Examples of Rockboring Pelecypoda (in Japanese). jour.
Geol. Soc. japan, Vol. 43, No. 511, pp. 239241, 3 text-figs.
NoMURA, S. (1940) : Molluscan Fauna of the
Moniwa Shell Beds Exposed along theNatori-gawa in the Vicinity of Sendai,
Miyagi Prefecture. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp.
Univ., Ser. 2 (Geol.), Vol. 21, No. 1, pp.
1-46, pis. 1-3.
OIDE, K. (1961): Study of the Neogene Volcanic Activities of Sendai and its Environs(I) - Takadate Formation- (in Japa-

Koichiro MASUDA

362

nese). jour. japan. Assoc. Min. Petro.
Econ. Geol., Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 149-154, 1
text-fig., 1 map.
OYAMA, K. (1954): Fossil Communities of
the Oceanic Water (No.2) (in Japanese).
Misc. Rep., Res. Inst. Nat. Res., No. 34,
pp. 89-100, 2 tables.
SHIBATA, T. (1962) : Geology of the Sendai
and Nanakita-Sanbongi Areas, Miyagi
Prefecture. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., Ser.
2 (Geol.) Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 239-301, pls.
17-26, 6 text-figs., 11 tables.
SuYAMA, K. and UTASIIIRO, T. (1955): Studyof "Lebensspuren" (in Japanese). Cenozoic Res., No. 21, pp. 416-427, pls. 1-4, 3
text-figs.
TuR'I'<E:R; · R. D. (1954) : The Family Pholadidae in the Western Atlantic and theEastern Pacific. Part 1-Pholadinae. johns-onia, Vol. 3, No. 33, pp. 1-63, pls. 1-34.
- - (1955) : The Family Pholadidae in theWestern Atlantic and the Eastern Pacific.
Part 2-Martesiinae, Jouannetiinae and
Xylophagiinae. Ibid., No. 34, pp. 65-160,
pis. 35-93.
As hi tate
Hagurodai
Izumi-machi.
Kashiko-buchi
MoniwaNakayachi
Shimog6ri
TsunakiUozuMI, S. and FUJIE, T. (1955): The Sandpipe, created by the Pelecypoda: Platyodon
nipponica, n. sp. and Pholadidea (Penitella)
kamakurensis (YOKOYAMA). jour. Fac.
Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV, Vol. 9, No.
3, pp. 351-369, pis. 1-5, 7 text-figs.
UTASHIRo, T. (1961): Lebensspuren of Irus
mitis (DEsHA YES) : Biological Studies on
Lebensspuren, Part IV (in Japanese).
jour. Educ., Niigata Univ., No. 6, pp.
133-143, pis. 1-3.
WATAl\ABE, K. and IIJIMA, H. (1959): Tertiary Structures of the Northeastern Partof the Chichibu Basin, Saitama Prefecture(in Japanese). jour. Geol. Soc. japan,
Vol. 65, No. 769, pp. 606-617, 1 pl., 5 textfigs.
YAMAMOTO, A. (1961): On Boring Methodof Boring Shells (in Japanese). Chiribotan,
Vol. 1, Nos. 7-8, pp. 209-214, 2 text-figs.
YoNGE, C. M. (1949) : The Sea Shore. pp.
174-187, Collins, London.
- - (1951) : Marine Boring Organisms. Research, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 162-167, 2 textfigs.
D6dokoro:£ l'Jr
Hatatate
m~ 'li:Kamegamori'[fi'r~Kita-Akaishi~t~:fl·Minami-Akaishi r7i iJ'f.i=i
Nanakitat~tf:B
Takadate
ii'li nn
Watari-machi:Ef.J:.IJ!iliJ

YE "if.
;]5JFJ-!, -g.

JR
II!J
Pi:<
li'l

~
i=j:l

r

*WJ

mJ
~

:j§-

'll1l

*
Explanation of Plate 39

Fig. 1. Burrows found in the dacite of the Takadate Andesite. Lac. Roadside cutting at
Minami-Akaishi, Sendai City.
Fig. 2. Burrows found in the andesite of the Takadate Andesite. Loc. Roadside cutting at
Kita-Akaishi, Sendai City.
Fig. 3. Unconformity between the andesite dike of the Takatate Andesite and the Moniwa·
Member of the Hatatate Formation. Loc. Same as above.
Fig. 4. Burrows found in the andesite boulder of the Tsunaki Formation. Loc. Kashiko-buchi,
Mitaki, Sendai City.
Fig. 5. Burrows found in the andesite boulder of the Nanakita Formation. Loc. D6dokoro,
Izumi-machi, Miyagi-gun, Miyagi Prefecture.
Fig. 6. A hand specimen of the dacite with the sand pipes. x 3/4. Barbatia sp. can be seen in
the sandpipe and worm tubes in the cavity. Loc. Minami-Akaishi, Sendai City.
Fig. 7. A hand specimen of .the dacite with the sand pipes. x 3/4. Pholadidea sp. can be seenin the sandpipe at right side. Lac. Same as above.

MASUDA :Sandpipes Penetmling Jgne o~~s Rocks

Plate 39

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 72, p. 363, Dec. 30, 1968

SHORT NOTE
14.

URALNEVADAPHYLLUM, A NEW SUBGENERIC NAME
FOR PORFIRIEVELLA MINATO AND KATO, 1965
MASAO MINATO and MAKOTO KATO
Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Hokkaido University, JapanThe authors (1965, p. 71) proposed Por.firievella as a subgenus of the genus
Kleopatrina for a group of massive corals
from the so-called boreal province in
Lower Permian. The subgeneric namehas been in use by some authors (STEVENS, 1967; FEDOROWSKI, 1967).
However Prof. H. FLUGEL of Graz,
Austria recently informed us that thename was a junior homonym of Porjirieviella lVANOVSKY, 1963, an Ordovician
coral genus.
In as much as they are both dedicatedto the same person, the late Prof. G.
PORFIRIEV with the same suffix -ella, andare both representing rugose corals, although of different ages, it is thought
advisable not 'to maintain Porjirievella inorder to avoid future confusion whichmight be arisen, even if this name differs from Por.firieviella by one letter.
Thus authors, therefore, hereby pro-pose Uralnevadaphyllum, a new substitution name for "Por.firievella ".
We cordially thank Prof. H. FLUGEL
for his kind information upon the problem concerned here.
References
FEDOROWSKI, }. (1967) : The Lower Permian
Tetracoralla and Tabulata from Treskelodden, Vestspitsbergen. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter, Nr. 142, pp. 1-44, pls.
I-VII.
IvANOVSKY, A. B. (1963): "Ordovician andSilurian Rugosa of the Siberian Platform".
Inst. Geol. & Geoph., Siberian Branch,
Akademia Nauk, pp. 1-160, pls. I-XXXIII.
MINATO, M. and K.'\TO, M. (1965): Durhaminidae (Tetracoral). jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV, Vol. XIII, No. 1, pp.
11-86, pls. 1-5.
STEVENS, C. H. (1967): Leonardian (Permian)Compound corals of Nevada. jour. Paleont., Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 423-431, pls. 5254.

----------------

Received Nov. 25, 1968

363

364

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

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Palynological Notes on the Cenozoic Sediments in Japan, I. .. Misaburo SHIMAKURA
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lrn!

A

Rflt

ii&

A Palynological Study of the Late Miocene
Hijirikawa Member in Nato Peninsula ..
.............................. Norio FUJI
A Palynological Study of the Middle Miocene Yamatoda Member in Nato Peninsula .......................... Norio FUJI
A Palynological Study of the Ancient RiceField Mould of the Man or Chimori-nosho (ca. the Eighth Century) belonging(D'0RBIGNY) 0) surface microtopography................................. -ii'liWPita
Radiolaria from the Deep-Sea Cores of the
Indian Ocean ........... ·.............. .
. . Kojiro NAKASEKO and Akio NISHIMURA
l:~;t.~RffC~ft ~ v'<--::>i.l' 0) i-¥-illtilffL !kfillO)J\l{il:~j]~5J"1!JfC--::>1t'"C .............. f'i·*fl1t!lgO)'itr'l! (malformation)
fC--::>v'"C .......................... fi;;IL@;IftK*~'II~ Lepidocyclina~~-Ti[

WaagenophyllumO)jl¥1*~):\fC--::>l.t'"C0)-*fr~ .. .............. ~~~t~ · !lJjl;;\iJE::k:Swaicoelia, a new ambocoeliid Genus (Brachiopoda) from North Thailand ....... .
. ....................... Takashi HAMADA
Devonian Brachiopods from Kroh, Upper
Perak in Malaysia (Malaya) ........... .
........................ Takashi HAMADA
Ambocoeliids from Red Beds in the Malayan
Peninsula .............. Takashi HAMADA
Late Palaeozoic Brachiopods from Red Beds
in the Malayan Peninsula ............. .
........................ Takashi HAMADAThe Occurrence of the Cyclopygidae (Trilobita) in Malaya ....................... .
Teiichi KoBAYASHI and Takashi HAMADA.
:SI2~mi!I~!IO) qojfr*Jt iJ, G ~Ill L- t-: '/ ';! H'f- 'c--::>

v'"C .............................. :;f;JJ-::k:Cylindrical Structures from the Tatsunokuchi Formation (Early Miyagian) in
Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture ....... .
........ Kotara HAT AI and Hiroshi NoDASYSTEMATIC INDEX(New Series No. 65-No. 72).

PALAEOZOOLOGY
Protozoa
AoKI, Naoaki: Benthonic Foraminiferal Zonation of the Kazusa Group, Boso Peninsula ..
HANZAW A, Shoshiro : Three new Tertiary Foraminiferal Genera from Florida, Saipan andGuam ............................................................................... .
- - - - : Nummulites from Iran ....................................................... .
HIGUCHI, Yu: Eponides bosoensis new Name for Eponides asanoi HIGUCHI, Preoccupied ..
HuANG, Tunyow: A new Radiolaria from the S6machi Formation, Kikai-Jima, Kagoshima
Prefecture, Japan ................................................................... .
KuRIHARA, Kenji: Notes on the Benthonic Foraminifera of the Tonohama Group, Shikoku,
Japan ............................................................................... .
MATSUMARU, Kuniteru: Miogypsinid Populations from the Tungliang Well TL-1 of thePenghu Islands, China ............................................................... .
OzAwA, Tomowo: Pseudofusulinella, a Genus of Fusulinacea ........................... .
SADA, Kimiyoshi: Fusulinids of the Millerella Zone of the Taishaku Limestone (Studiesof the Stratigraphy and the Microfossil Faunas of the Carboniferous and Permian
Taishaku Limestone in West Japan, No. 1) ......................................... .
Ucirro, Takayasu: Is the Geologic Age of the Nobori Formation, Shikoku, Japan, Mioceneor Pliocene? ......................................................................... .

Page
238
19
174
26
177
267
340
149

139
114

Coelenterata
MINATO, Masao and KATO, Makoto: Uralnevadaphyllum, a new Subgeneric Name for
Porfirievella MINATO and KATO, 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

363

Brachiopoda
YANAGIDA, Juichi: Carboniferous Brachiopods from Akiyoshi, Southwest Japan, Part III.
Delepinea from a Pyroclastic Rock near the Lowest Part of the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

327

Mollusca
CIIINZEI, Kiyotaka and IwAsAKI, Yasuhide: Paleoecology of Shallow Sea Molluscan Faunaein the Neogene Deposits of Northeast Honshu, Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HAY AMI, Itaru and KAWASAWA, Keizo: Some Lower Cretaceous Bivalves from the Shimantogawa Group of South Shikoku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MASUDA, K6ichir6: Molluscan Fauna of the Higashi-Innai Formation of Nota Peninsula,
Japan-III; Description of New Species and Remarks on some Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

365

93
73
1

366

Systematic Index- - - - : Sandpipes Penetrating Igneous Rocks in the Environs of Sendai, Japan . . . . . . .
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and NooA, Masayuki: An Interesting Species of Inoceramus fromthe Upper Cretaceous of Kyushu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NISHIDA, Tamio: A new Species of Conocardium (s. s.) from the Carboniferous of Akiyoshi (Molluscan Paleontology of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group-I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - - : On some Gastropods from Millerella Zone of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group(Molluscan Paleontology of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group-II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NooA, Hiroshi and TADA, Motohiko: Anadarids from the Shizukuishi Basin, Iwate Prefecture, Jrpan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0BATA, Ikuwo: Lower Cretaceous Ammonites from the Miyako Group..................
- - - - : Lower Cretaceous Ammonites from the Miyako Group, Part 2. Some Silesitids
from the Miyako Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OKAMOTO, Kazuo and NAKANO, Mitsuo: Some Miocene Limid Fossils from the Area around
the Wanibuchi Mine, Izumo Province, Southwest Japan ............................. .
SHIKANIA, Tokio and NISHIDA, Tamio: On some Species of Carboniferous Pleurotomariaceans from Akiyoshi (Molluscan Paleontology of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group-III)

351
317

207
233
193
63
129
185

211

Arthropoda
HATAI, Kotara and NooA, Hiroshi: Cylindrical Structures from the Tatsunokuchi Formation (Early Miyagian) in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Graptolithina
BuR To~. C. K.: Graptolite and Tentaculite Correlations and Palaeogeography of the Silurian
and Devonian in the Yunnan-Malaya Geosyncline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

Vertebrata
AoKI, Naoaki: Some Fossil Gobius from Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - - : Some Pleistocene Fish-otoliths from the Boso and Miura Peninsulas . . . . . . . . . .
HASEGAWA, Yoshikazu, YAMAUTI, Hiroshi and OKAFUJI, Gor6: A Fossil Assemblage of
Macaca and Homo from Ojikado-Cave of Hiraodai Karst Plateau, Nothern Kyushu,
Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NAGASAWA, Joji: On the Fossil Equine Teeth from Kuzuu, Tochigi Prefecture and Tokyo
City..................................................................................

125
296

218
83

PALAEOBOTANY
MATsuo, Hidekuni: A Cretaceous Salvinia from the Hashima Is. (Gunkan-Jima), outsideof the Nagasaki Harbour, West Kyushu, Japan ..................................... ·49- - - - and OMURA, Kazuo: On the Taeniopteris from the Togadani Flora (Tedorian),at Togadani, Ishikawa Prefecture, Central Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
NISHIDA, Shiro: Coccolithophorids from the Ch6jabaru Formation, lki Island, Japan . . . . 308
TAN AI, Toshimasa: On the Hamamelidaceae from the Palaeogene of Hokkaido, Japan....
56

INDEX OF FAMILIES, GENERA AND SPECIES
Notes: Words listed are names of families, genera and species, which are either described
or illustrated in the Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan,
New Series, Nos. 65-72; words in heavy type are names of new genera and species.

A
Act eon osawanoensis....................
Adamnestia onukii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alveolinidae....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amphidonte (Amphidonte)
subhaliotoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Anadara (Anadara) arasawaensis . . . . . .
--- () iwatensis . . . . . . . . . .
() makiyamai..........
() ogawai . . . . . . . . . . . .
Angyomphalus..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - hashimotoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
( ?) okafujii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APollon osawanoensts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18
12
19
78
198
198
199
199
214
214
216
18

Conocardium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - (Conocardium) japonicum . . . .
Conus tokunagai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corylopsis ishikariensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - - paucifiora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cyclammina sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cypraea ohiroi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cythara sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

208
208
18
58
60
277
6
18

D
Delepinea sayamensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330- - - sinuata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Dentalina cf. spinosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Disanthus nipponicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kaneharai........ 200

B
362
Barbatia sp.
2
Batillaria toshioi ..................... .
16
Bittium sp. . .......................... .
Bolivina robust a ....................... . 266- - - - spissa ....................... . 266
Bulimina aculeata . .................... . 266- - - " affinis ..................... . 279
striata ....................... . 266

cCallianassa sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Callista sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
" Cassidulina " brevis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - " kuwanoi....................
Cerithidea kanpokuensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - ohiroi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - - sirakii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cerithium (Proclava) ancisum . . . . . . . . . .
- - - meisense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chernyshinella sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cibicides cf. aknerianus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conger durus . .........................
- - - spp ...........................
Conocardiidae ......................... .

350
200
261
266
16
1
16
3
16
146
266
302
302
208

E
Engraulis cf. japonica ....... .......... .
Eilohedra rotunda ....... .............. .
Elphidium parvulum ....... ............ .
Endothyra spp. . ...................... .
Eostajfella kanmerai ................. .
- - - sp. ····························
Eponides asanoi nom. nud. . .......... .
- - - bosoensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equus sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eulima hataii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Euomphalidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

301
380
259
146
144
146
26
26
84
5
234

G
Gaudryna cf. arenaria.................. 266
Gavelinopsis praegeri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266- - - translucens ........... ......... · 280- - - cf. translucens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Globobulimina sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Gobius copiosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305- - - ingens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305- - - notoensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127- - - puellaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306- - - - rusticus
126

367

Index of Families, Genera and Species

368

306

---spp.

- - - - urbanus ..................... . 306
Gyroidina gemma ..................... . 266- - - cf. orbicularis ............... . 266
Gyroidinoides altiformis ............... . 281- - - torulus ....................... . 281

H59
Hamamelis kushiroensis ............... .
Hataina ....................... ........ . 178- - - ovata ......................... . 178
Homo sapiens
228

I
Inoceramus teraokai . .................. .
Inquisitor shibanoi

319

NNankinella cf. kawadai ............... . 172
8
Nassarius (Zeuxis) minoensis ......... .
76
Neithea (Neithea) matsumotoi ......... .
76- - - (Neithella?) kochiensis ....... .
5
N everita coticazae . .................... .
Nibea gemma ......................... . 303
4
Nodiscala suzuensis ................... .
Nodosaria tosta ....................... . 278
Nummulites Perforatus ............... . 174

0Oliva osawanoensis
Otolithus (Congridarum) beilus ....... .
--- () calidus ........... .
- - - (Sparidarum) babai ......... .

18
302
302
304

11

p
K
Kanmeraia

151

L
Lima (Acesta) aff. amaxensis
188( - - - ) cf. smithi ......... . 189() sp. . .............. . 190
Liquidamber miosinica ................. .
60
Lutra lutra ........................... . 228

M
Macaca fuscata ....................... . 228
Macoma cf. tokyoensis ................. . 200
Melonis cf. pad anum ................. . 266
pygmaeus ................... . 260
Menestho sp. . ........................ .
18
Microcallista sp ....................... . 201
Millerella bigemmicula ............... . 142- - - marblensis ................... . 140- - - s p . A ......................... . 146
Miogypsina globulina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Mitra hukusimana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18- - - - ishidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8Mitrella notoensis... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Miyakoceras. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130- - - hayamii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134- - - tanohatense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131- - - aff. tanohatense................ 133
Mourlonia.............................. 212(Mourlonia) hayasakai........ 212
Mya (Mya) cuneiformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Pachycrommium japonicum ........... .
Palaeoloxodon naumanni ............... .
Parafissurina oral is ................... .
Parrotia fagifolia ..................... .
- - - per sica ....................... .
Peronidea sp. . ........................ .
Philbertia sp. . ........................ .
Phlyctiderma sp ....................... .
Pholadidea kamakurensis ............. .
- - - s p ............................ .
Phos notoensis ....................... .
Platycephalus cf. indicus ............. .
Plectofrondicularia goharai ........... .
- - - japonica ..................... .
- - - totomiensis ................... .
Plicatula sp. . ......................... .
Polynices meisensis ................... .
"Porfirievella " ....................... .
Protelphidium k~samoriense ........... .
Prot erato (Sulcerato) minoensis ....... .
Pseudococcolithus ..................... .
- - - biporosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - deltoides ............ ; . . . . . . . . .
- - - fusiformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - nodulosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - oblongus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - orbicularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - oviform is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - reticulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - rotundatus... .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .
- - - striatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pseudofusulinella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
228
278
61

60
201
18
360
360
354
7

301
266
266
266
77
16
363

260
16
311

315
315
313

315
314
313

314
312
314
313
150

Index of Families, Genera and Species- - - - (Kanmeraia) acuminata ..... .
--- ()? akta ............. .
---- () japonica .......... .
() lagandarensis ..... .
() meeki ............. .
() sp. . .............. .
() thampsani ......... .
() utahensis ......... .
- - - (Pseudafusulinella) ........... .
() bicanica ........... .
--- () mantis ............. .
() accident a/is ....... .
() pinguis ........... .
() salida ............. .
--- () tumid a ........... .
Pteratrigania (Pteratrigania)
hakkaidaana ....................... .
Pusia sp.

170
170
166
170
170
170
170
170
150
170
170
170
170
170
170
79
18

Q
Quadrimarphina akiensis
Quasiborelis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - gunteri... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quasiendathyra sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quasirotalia ........................... .
- - - guamerzsis

280
21
21
140
23
23

R
Ringicula minaensis ................... .
Ratalia atjehensis ..................... .
- - - s p ............................ .

18

25
24

s
Saccella sp.
201
Salvinia mitsusense ................... .
52
Sardinaps cf. melanasticta . ............ . 300
Seminarella sp. . ...................... . 146
Serripes muraii ....................... . 202
Sillaga cf. sihama ... .................. . 303

369- - - s p . A ......................... .

Sinum ineptum ....................... .
Siphanalia nisiyamai ................. .
Spiralaculina akiensis ................. .
Stilastamella sp. A ................... .
Straparallus ... ........................ .
(Straparallus) ............... .
--- () otai ............... .
Strigatella notoensis . .................. .
Sydaphera horii ....................... .
Syrnola notoensis

304
16
18

278
278
234
234
234
9

10
11

T
Taeniopteris emarginata ............... .
- - - vittata ....................... .
Tayamaia ............................. .
- - - marianensis ................. .
Tiberia konamiensis . .................. .
Trifarina shikokuensis ............... .
Turbonilla ishidae ..................... .
Turbonitella- - - ryugohoensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - yanagidai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Turriscala sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

291
291
22
22
12
279
11
235
236
235
16

u
363
279
280

Uralnevadaphyllum
Uvigerina rutila- - - substriatav
Valdedorsella- - - akuschaensis ................. .
- - - getulina ..................... .
- - - s p ............................ .
Vexillum setsukoae ................... .
Vicaryella ishiiana ................... .
- - - nataensis ..................... .
Valvulella takiensis ................... .

64
64
72

69
9
1

16
18

a-lt~~±~~~~~·i~fTransactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series
N o. 65 ~ N o. 72
1967-1968

Palaeontological Society of Japan

The heading in Japanese commemorates the handwriting of Prof. Matajiro YOKOYAMA, father of Japanese Palaeontology, who was Professor of Stratigraphy andPalaeontology at the Geological Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo.
The fossil on the front page is Kueichouphyllum yahagiense MINATO, 1955.

CONTENTS

Number 65 (Published April 10, 1967)
Transactions
ArticlePage

MASUDA, K6ichir6: Molluscan Fauna of the Higashi-Innai Formation of Noto Peninsula, Japan-III; Description of new Species andRemarks on some Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
517. HANZAWA, Shoshiro: Three new Tertiary Foraminiferal Genera
from Florida, Saipan and Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-25
518. BURTON, C. K.: Graptolite and Tentaculite Correlations and Palaeogeography of the Silurian and Devonian in the Yunnan-Malaya
Geosyncline
27-46

Plate

516.

1-2
3-4

Short Note
13.

HIGUCHI, Yu: Eponides bosoensis new Name for Eponides asanoi
HIGUCHI, Preoccupied.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Proceedings ...................... 47-48

Number 66 (Published June 30, 1967)
Transactions
519.

MATSUO, Hidekuni: A Cretaceous Salvinia from the Hashima Is.
(Gunkan-Jima), Outside of the Nagasaki Harbour, West Kyilshil,
Japan .......................................................... 49-55
520. T ANA!, Toshimasa: On the Hamamelidaceae from the Palaeogeneof Hokkaido, Japan ............................................. 56-62
521. OBATA, Ikuwo: Lower Cretaceous Ammonites from the Miyako
Group .......................................................... 63-72
522. HAY AMI, Itaru and KA w ASAwA, Keizo : Some Lower Cretaceous
Bivalves from the Shimantogawa Group of South Shikoku ...... 73-82
523. NAGASAWA, Joji: On the Fossil Equine from Kuzuu, Tochigi
Prefecture and Tokyo City ...................................... 83-91

5
6-7
8
9
10

ii

Number 67 (Published September 20, 1967)
Transactions
524. CHINZEI, Kiyotaka and IwASAKI, Yasuhide: Paleoecology of Shallow Sea Molluscan Faunae in the Neogene Deposits of Northeast
Honshu, Japan .................................................. 93-113
525. UCHINO, Takayasu: Is the Geologic Age of the Nobori Formation,
Shikoku, Japan, Miocene or Pliocene? ............................ 114-124
526. AOKI, Naoaki: Some Fossil Gobius from Japan ................ 125-128
527. 0BA TA, Ikuwo: Lower Cretaceous Ammonites from the Miyako
Group, Part 2. Some Silesitids from the Miyako Group ........ 129-138
11528. SADA, Kimiyoshi: Fusulinids of the Millerella Zone of the Taishaku Limestone (Studies of the Stratigraphy and the Microfossil
Faunas of the Carboniferous and Permian Taishaku Limestone inWest Japan, No. 1) .............................................. 139-147 12-13
Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
148
Number 68 (Published December 25, 1967)
Transactions
529. OZAWA, Tomowo: Pseudofusulinella, a Genus of Fusulinacea .... 149-173 14-15
530. HANZAWA, Shoshiro: Nummulites from Iran .................... 174-176
16
531. HuANG, Tunyow: A new Radiolaria from the S6machi Formation,
Kikai-Jima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan ........................ 177-184 17-19
532. OKAMOTO, Kazuo and NAKANO, Mitsuo: Some Miocene Limid
Fossils from the Area around the Wanibuchi Mine, Izumo Province, Southwest Japan .......................................... 185-192 20-21
Number 69 (Published April 25, 1968)
Transactions
533. NonA, Hiroshi and T ADA, Motohiko: Anadarids from the Shizukuishi Basin, Iwate Prefecture, Japan .............................. 193-206
22534. NISHIDA, Tamio: ,, A new Species of Conocardium (s. s.) from theCarboniferous of Akiyoshi (Molluscan Paleontology of the Aki23
yoshi Limestone Group-!) ...................................... 207-210
535. SHIKAMA, Tokio and NISHIDA, Tamio: On some Species of Carboniferous Pleurotomariaceans from Akiyoshi (Molluscan Paleontology of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group-III) .................... 211-217 24-25
536. HASEGAWA, Yoshikazu, Y AMAUTI, Hiroshi and 0KAGUJI, Gor6: A

iii

Fossil Assemblage of Macaca and Homo from Ojikado-Cave ofHiraodai Karst Plateau, Northern Kyushu, Japan ................ 218-229
Proceedings ............................ 230-231

26

Number 70 (Published June 30, 1968)
Transactions
537.

NISHIDA, Tamio: On some Gastropods from Millerella Zone of the
Akiyoshi Limestone Group (Molluscan Paleontology of the Akiyoshi
Limestone Group II) ............................................ 233-237
538. AoKI, Naoaki: Benthonic Foraminiferal Zonation of the Kazusa
Group, Boso Peninsula .......................................... 238-266
539. KuRIHARA, Kenji: Notes on the Benthonic Foraminifera of the
Tonohama Group, Shikoku, Japan .............................. 267-283

23
27
28

Number 71 (Published September 30, 1968)
Transactions
540.

MATSUO, Hidekuni and OMURA, Kazuo: On the Taeniopteris fromthe Togadani Flora (Tedorian), at Togadani, Ishikawa Prefecture,
Central Japan .................................................. 285-295
29541. AOKI, Naoaki: Some Pleistocene Fish-otoliths from the Boso andMiura Peninsulas ................................................ 296-307
542. NISHIDA, Shiro: Coccolithophorids from the Chojabaru Formation,
Iki Islnnd, Japan ................................................ 308-316 30-31
543. MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and NonA, Masayuki: An InterestingSpecies of Inoceramus from the Upper Cretaceous of Kyushu .. 317-325
32
Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
326
Number 72 (Published December 30, 1968)
Transactions
544.

YANAGIDA, Juichi: Carboniferous Brachiopods from Akiyoshi,
Southwest Japan, Part III. Delepinea from a Pyroclastic Rocknear the Lowest Part of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group ........ 327-339 33-34
545. MATSUMARU, Kuniteru: Miogypsinid Populations from the Tungliang Well TL-1 of the Penghu Islands, China .................. 340-344 35-36
546. HATAI, Kotora and NODA, Hiroshi: Cylindrical Structures fromthe Tatsunokuchi Formation (Early Miyagian) in Sendai City,
37
Miyagi Prefecture .............................................. 345-350

547. MASUDA, K6ichir6: Sandpipes Penetrating Igneous Rocks in theEnvirons of Sendai, Japan ...................................... 351-362 38-39
Short Note
14. MINATO, Masao and KATO, Makoto: Uralnevadaphyllum, a new363
Subgeneric Name for Porjirievella MINATO and KATO, 1965......
Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
364
Systematic Index ................ 365-366
Index of Families,
Genera and Species .......... 367-369

-

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