a -tt" 1i- i. ~ ~ ~~*·!c..fTransactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 6!J

Palaeontological Society of japan
April 25th , 1968

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

533.

Anadarids from the Shizukuishi Basin, lwate Prefecture. japan ....... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hiroshi NonA and Motohiko TADA

534.

193

A New Species of Conocardium (S. S.) from the Carboniferous of Akiyoshi (Molluscan Paleontology of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group-!)........................................................ Tamio NISHIDA

207

535.

On Some Species of Carboniferous Pleurotomariaceans from Akiyoshi

536.

(Molluscan Paleontology of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group-III) ..... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tokio SHIKAMA and Tamio NISHIDA 211
A Fossil Assemblage of lvlacaca and Homo from Ojikdo-Cave of Hiraodai
Karst Plateau, Northern Kyushu, Japan ........................... .

. . . . . . . . . . Yoshikazu HASEGAWA, Hiroshi Y:niAUTI and Gor6 OKAFUJI 218
PROCEEDINGS ................................................................ 230

President : Kiyoshi ASANO
Councillors: Kiyoshi ASAJ\O (Editor of Fossils), Tetsuro !·lANAI (Editor of Transactions and Proceedings), Wataru HASHIMOTO (Treasurer), Kotora IIA TAl, Koichiro ICHIKAWA, Taro KANAYA, Kametoshi KANMEI~A. Teiichi KOBAYASHI,
Tamio KOTAKA, Tatsuro IVIATSUMOTO (Editor of Special Papers), l'vlasaol\liNATO, Hiroshi OzAKI (Planning), Tokio SHJKAMA (Membership), Tsugio
SHUTO. Fuyuji TAKA! (Chairman of Executive Councillor's Committee)
Secretaries:

Takashi HAMADA, ltaru HAYAMI, Yasuhidc IwASAKI, Yokichi TAKA-YANAGJAll Communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute. Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S .. No. 69, pp. 193-206, pL 22, April 25, 1968

5:l3.

ANADARIDS FROl\I THE SHIZUKUISHI BASIN.
IWATE PREFECTURE. JAPAN*
HIROSHI NODA
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science,
Tohoku University

and~10TOHIKO T ADA

Department of Mining and Civil Engineerirtg, Faculty of Technology,
lwate University!t:i+·t~,Ml!lki[ Anadarids r:·?'. ·-c: :f.iT~~~E:ft.li!!illifli::ts~ Cf~fl{lllllll:Uit:.:.71
m·:J- .QilJiitliifo;"i J: IJ !*~~ t'Lt: Anadara arasawaensis, Anadara iwatenszs, Ana.dara
makiyamai. Anadara ogawai :.: {, c ·f ~. -i:-OJ)~tif.·'(:(J':}f\J:ifi:-? :tZ.rr~t ·. V0*0).M1f·O)~
H c ~lli't lllf:ii<7JM1-t ~i'Jf.J:., t:. FolUSi: iit*'<~l .:,:It-::'. , ,'J.t;, .,, t.:~tH!fiJl L l:i.t::. ~1!-r_!>Ill lit
mm~0)\5=fO)ft.ft1.i~$Fl1!r-To.
!ll1 111 m orJ · -J.. IE 7C ~the fossil molluscs published to date. it
is interesting to not ice that they containa mixture of some apparent Miocene
forms and Pliocene ones. For this reason
it is necessary to make a reexaminationof the marine fauna to clarify many ofthe prevailing problems. The writers areprogressing studies based upon a systematic research of the marine molluscan
fossils. In this paper the writers treat
the fossil Anadara collected from the
Yamatsuda Formation in the westernpart of the Shizukuishi Basin and fromthe Yamatsuda Formation at the upperstream of the Kakkonda River. The
fossils from the latter locality were collected by Mr. Nobuaki NuTSUl\lA andl\1r. Shinobu i\IITSUI. both of the Instituteof Geology and Paleontology. Tohoku
University. The latter locality is a newly
discovered one and therefore the fossils
from it are described in this paper briefly.

Introduction
The stratigraphy and structural geology of the Shizukuishi Basin, lwate
Prefecture have been studied by HA YA·
KAWA (1952), HAYAKAWA et a[. (1954),
HAYAKAWA and KITA"IURA (1953) and
KITA).!URA (1959, 1961). A biostratigraphical study based upon the paleobotany \Vas carried out by ~v1URAI (1957.
1961. 1962a. 1962b. 1963). Fossil fishes
have been studied by SA TO (1962). However, there is no systematic study on thefossil marine molluscs in spite of thegood yield from the basin. There aresome sporadic descriptive works on
Dosinia bv MASUDA (1963b) and Anada1·aby NouA -(1966), but none of the fauna
as a whole. At a glance of the lists of• Received July 13, 1967:
1967 at Osaka.

read June 18,

193

194

Hiroshi NODA and Motohiko T ADA

The fauna from the former mentioned
area will be described at another opportunity.

University for his kind informations on
the geology and stratigraphy of the Shizukuishi Basin. Thanks are also due toMessers Nobuaki l"IITSU~IA and Shinobu~'IITSL;I for their kind offer of the fossils
from the Kakkonda River. and to l'vlessers Kimiji Ku:-.IAGAI and Shohei OTOl\10
for photographic work, all of the Instituteof Geology and Paleontology. Faculty of
Science, Tohoku University. Thanks arealso due to the !vlinistry of Education of
the japanese Government for financial
support.

Acknowledgements

The writers here wish to express their
gratitude to Professor Kotara HATAI of
the Institute of Geology and Paleontology,
Faculty of Science, Tohoku University
for his kind supervision and encouragement during the course of this study.
Deep appreciation is due to Associate
Professors Nobu KITAl\IURA and Tamio
KoTAKA of the same Institute and Associate Professor Koichiro MASUDA of the
Department of Geology, !\liyagi University of Education for their kind suggestions
and encouragements. Acknowledgements
are due to Professor Sadamasa MuRAl of
the Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology. Iwate

Stratigraphic Occurrence of
the Anadarids

The stratigraphic sequence of thestrata in the Shizukuishi Basin established by HAYAKAWA and KITAMURA (1953)is shown in Table 1 with those of MuRAl(1961, l962a) and SATO (1962).

Table ] . Correlation in the Shizukuishi Basin.
HAYAKAWA and KlTA~tuRA(1953)

MuRAl(1961, l962a)

I

SATO(1962)---== -=-::= - = -:Hashiba Formation
±110m

1/
-

Hashiba Formation
150m---- ----Yumoto Formation
80-100 m-/

Masuzawa Formation
100m±

I Sakamotogawa
Formation

Yamatsuda
Formation±520 m-Hashiba Formation
150m-

Koshitomae
Formation
230m

io'"'

Formation±·150m

,150m

--

-----

Koshitomaezawa
Formation,100-450 m~~

I

Masuzawa Formation
250m

Formation

Osuke
Formation
400-·150m

400 m
A<"'W'-- --·1:

Koshitomaezawa
Formation
500 m---Sakamoto ~!ormation±270m

Ryukawa Formation
400m±

Kunimi Formation±600m

IKunimitoge
Formation
850m±

Obonai Formation±600m

i Renta-ki Formation
500m+

~

Granitic Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks and
Pre-Tertiary Granitic Rocks

Sakamotoga wa

I Formation
500m

Osuke
Formation
1150 m~\ Kunimitoge Formation
1000 m

,---I Obonai Formation
450 Ill±~

Pre-Tertiary: Granites

588.

A nada1·ids from the Sln:zukuishi Basin. lwate Pre.f.. Japan

From the table the correlation bet ween
the different stratigraphic names can be·seen. The application of the same nameto different rocl<s and different names
to the same or similar formation causes
misunderstanding and confusing. For·example, the Anadarids studied are fromthe Yamatsuda Formation of HAYAKAWA
and KITAMURA (1953), the Sakamotogawa
Formation of ~·!uRAl (1962a) and the Arasawa Formation of SATO (1962). These
three formations were established in the
Shizukuishi Basin. The stratigraphic
units established by HAYAKAWA andKITAMURA (1953), tviURAT (1961. 1962a)
and SA TO (1962) and shown in the table·should be subjected to stratigraphic nomenclature in order to avoid confusion.
The writers consider that from strati·
graphic nomenclature. priority and usage,
it seems best to use HAY AKAWA and
KIT:\:\IURA's stratigraphic names in thisbasin for the reasons given below.
MuRAl (1962a) used the name of theRentaki Formation for the Obonai Formation of HAYAKAWA and KITA:\IUR.\·(1953) because the type locality of thelatter was not established in the Shizukuishi Basin. But. traced in the field theformations are really the same and continuous from the Back-Bone Range tothe Basin. The Kunimitoge Formation
named by ?v!UI{AI (1962a) is the same as
the Kunimi Formation of I-lAYAKAWA
and KITAJ\IURA (1953). Their type localities and distributions are the same andthe only differences are in the spelling,
the word .. toge" or .. pass" being added,
Kunimi and Kunimitoge. For the Sakamoto Formation of IIAYAKAWA and
KITAi\IURA (1953), l\1URAI (1961) proposed
the name of Ryukawa Formation and he·selected the type locality along the Ryukawa (River) because the type locality of
the Sakamoto Formation of HAYAKAWA:and KITA:\iURA (1953) is intruded by

195

Basalt layers. SATO (1962) used the nameof the Sakamotogawa Formation for the
Sakamoto Formation of HAYAKAWA andKITA:VIURA (1953). The Sakamotogawa
Formation of SATO (1962) differs fromthe Sakamotogawa Formation of ~IURA!
(l962a) in stratigraphic horizon and geological significance. The difference between the Koshitomae Formation and the
Koshitomaezawa Formation is in thespelling only. And, as pointed by J\1URAI(1962a) the local name of Koshitomae does
not exist and the correct geographicalname is Koshitomaezawa. The Yamatsuda Formation of HAYAKAWA andKITAMURA (1953) slighlly differs from the
Sakamotogawa Formation of MURAl(1962a). but both have two or three fossil beds in their upper part, whereas thecontents of their lower parts are not thesame. From the fossil beds just mentioned many marine molluscs were recorded by tvluRAI (1962b) and SATO (1962).
."lnadara arasawaensis and Anadaraiwatensis were collected from this bed.
The Arasawa Formation of SA TO (1962)
corresponds to the Yamatsuda Formationof I-IAYAKA\VA and KITAMURA (1953).
Fossil Locality of the Anadarids

At the up-stream of the 1\akkonda
River (Loc. no. 1) in the northern partof the Shizukuishi Basin, both the Koshitomae and Yamatsuda Formations of
HAYAKAWA (1952) and llAYAKAWA eta/.
(1954) are developed. From this locality(Loc. no. 1), iv!essers N. !'\llTSUMA andS. l\llTSUJ collected some marine molJuscs
from the Yamatsuda Formation. Thosefossils were collected from a dark grayto black mudstone intercalated in theacidic tuff overlying the Koshitomae
Formation with conformity.
Anadaraarasawaensis, Anadara makiyamai andAnadara ogawai were collected from

196

Hiroshi NODA and Motohiko TADA

mudstone in association with Callista sp.
Anadara and Callista are abundant
though their shells are slightly deformed.
Serripes muraii and Dosinia sp. werecollected from an acidic tuff at Loc. no.
2 sporadically.
The Yamatsuda Formation used hereis the same as mentioned by IIAYAKAWA
and KITAl\lURA in the western part ofthe Basin. Many specimens of Anadaraarasawaensis were collected from thebluish gray coarse grained sandy tuff.
pumice grains bearing coarse grained tuff
and very fine muddy tuff of the forma-N

Fig. I, MAP SHOWING THE FOSSIL

Dli;;;;;;====='==="===' Km.

533.

Anadarids from the Shi,zukuishi Basin. Iwate Pref. . .Japan

tions in association with other shallow
water marine molluscs. The upper part,of the Yamatsuda Formation, composed
mainly of coarse grained sandstone andpumice tuff yielded molds and casts of
Anadara arasawaensis and Anadaraiwatensis and rarely specimens with hte
originally shell materials \Vere collectedby SA TO from the upper stream of the
Arasawa and these have been recorded
as Anadara arasawaensis and Anadaraiwatensis by NODA (1966). Anadara from
Locality no. 6 was collected from theAnadara bed which is composed of Anadara arasawasesis and Macoma tolzyoensis. The Anadara bed is overlain bypumice bearing coarse grained sandy
tuff which yielded some Anadara andother marine molluscan fossils. Morethan a hundred specimens of molds orcasts of both young and adult forms of
Anadara arasawaensis were collectedfrom the Anada1·a bed and next younger
pumice bearing sandy tuff.
The Anadarids: Classification
In the case of Anadarids with dichotomous radial ribs, it is necessary to identify the species by the comparison withthe related species of the same or similar
size. TANAKA (1960a) published on thedevelopment of the dichotomous radialribs of Anadara amicu/a. And in thissection. the writers will point out thedifferences between Anadara arasawaensis and its related species such as
Anadara ogawai and Anadara tatunokutiensis. Anadara ogawai is characterized
by its distinct dichotomous radial ribs
covering the whole shell surface at theadult stage and the same structure isobserved in the young form of 1.5 em inshell length. This is different from theradial sculpture on Anadara arasawaensis
which is characterized by having distinct

197

dichotomous radial ribs on the posteriorside but with indistinct ones on the anterior side of the shell in the adult form.
In general. the degree of the dichotomy
in Anrulara arasawaensis is not conspicuous as compared with that of Anadara
ogawai. In the case of poor developmentof the dichotomous radial ribs or when
the shell surface is slightly worn or
weathered, the radial ribs appear as non
dichotomous ones. When the shell is
weathered or worn. ."lnadara arasawaensis much resembles A.nadara ninohetzsis originally described from the Kadonosa\va Formation though the former
differs from the latter in having moreelongated form and produced posterior
side. ,J.nadara tatunokutiensis originallydescribed from the Pliocene Tatsunokuchi
Formation in Sendai City is another allied
species but differs from :lnadara arasawaensis in having distinct double dichotomous radial ribs when the shell iswell preserved. In the case of molds orcasts, Anadara arasawaensis differs fromthe Pliocene Anadara tatzmokutiensis in
having narrow radial ribs and produced
posterior side and when the hinge or
ligamenta! area is preserved, the arrangement of the teeth of the former is II typeof NonA (1966) and that of the latter is
IV type of NooA (1966) and has v shaped
teeth on both anterior and posterior sides.
In the case of the inner molds, discrimi·
nation among the Anadara species isvery difficult.
Recently, :'v!Izu~o (1965) reported somemarine molluscs from the Hanawa Basinin Akita Prefecture. In this paper. l\1Izu:-;o(1965) listed the following marine molluscs from the Oinosawa Formation (Loc.
!vf 1. of 1\IJzuNO. 1965} ; Crepidula sp.,
Anadara amicula, Dosinia cf. tatunokutiensis, Macoma calcarea and Afacoma sp.
He considered those molluscs (Oinosawa
Formation by oral information by Dr. Tai-

198

lfi·roshi NODA a.nd Motohiko T ADA

suke TAKA YASU of the Akita University)
may be Pliocene in geological age andcorrelated them with the Tatsunokuchi
Fauna of Sendai. Though. he listed
A11adara amicula and JJosinia cf. tatunokutiensis which indicate the Upper 1\Iiocene or Lower Pliocene. the fauna fromthis area is \'ery interesting because of
the co-existence of Anadara amiculaand Trachycardium shiobaraense besides
Dosinia cf. tatunolwliensis. The faunafrom the Yamatsuda Formation resembles
the fauna of the Oinosawa Formation.
The Associated Fossil Molluscs
The marine molluscs associated with
the Anadarids in the Yamatsuda Formation in the Shizukuishi Basin will be
described at another opportunity. In thispaper the fauna associated with theAnadarids in the area of the upperstream of the Kakkonda River are treated. The specimens studied are deposited
mainly in the Department of l'vlining andCivil Engineering. raculty of Technology.
hvate University whereas the specimens
described as new to science and illustrated are deposited in the collection of theInstitute of Geology and Paleontology.
Faculty of Science. Tohoku University(abbreviation. IGPS coiL cat. no.), Sendai.
Brief Notes and Description of
New Species
Anadara (Anadara) arasawaensis

NonA, 1966

scribed from the Arasawa Formation of
SA TO (1962; Sakamotogawa Formation of
l\lURAI. 1962a. b; Yamatsuda Formationof HAYAKAWA and KITAMURA, 1953) by
NooA (1966). Among the more than ahundred specimens collected, the majority are from the pumice-grains bearing
sandy tuff or muddy tuff in the \vesternpart of the basin and the minority fromthe former locality are preserved asmolds or casts but those from the latter
locality are free specimens with the original shell material retained though crystalized by calcite.
The species resembles A.nadara ninohensis and .--lnadara ogawai in the characters of the radial ribs and shell formand Lhe differences were mentioned already. Here the writers distinguishedthem by plotting the shell length andshell height on a graph which vertical istaken as shell height and the horizontal
as shell length with the result that theangle of height and length in Anudara
arasawaensis is 36". whereas that of
Anadara ogawai isH" and that of .4nadara ninohensis is 42• (data from NooA,
1966).
Locality: Loc. no. 1, abundant*, Yamatsuda Formation. IGPS col!. cat. no. 88038 ~Loc. no. 5. abundant. Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS col!. cat. no. 900,19; Loc. no.
6. abundant. Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS
col!. cat. no. 88039; Loc. no. 7, abundant,
Yamatsuda Formation. IGPS coli. cat. no.
88050.
Recorded Formation : Yamatsuda Formation in lwate Prefecture.

Pl. 22. Figs. L-6. 8-10, 14-16. 23
Anadara (...!nadara) arasawaensis NooA, 1966.
p. 86, pl. 4. tigs. 13, 15-17.

Type Localilv: Arasawa. Gomyojin-mura.
Prefecture.
Shizukuishi-machi. Iwate
Holotype, IGPS coll. cat. no. 900-19.
The present species was originally de-.-\nadara (Anadara) iwatensis

NonA. 1966
Anadara (Anadara) iwatensis NooA, 1966. P-* abundant=more than 10 specimens, com-mon =more than 5 specimens, few=morc than.
2 specimens. rare= 1 specimen

533.

Anadarid11 from the Shizukm:shi Basin. Iwate P}·ef, Ja.pan

91. pl 4. figs. 21-22.

Type Locality: Arasawa, 1lyojin-mura.
Shizukuishi-machi,
Iwate
Prefecture.
Sakamologawa Formation.
Holotype,
IGPS coli. cat. no. 90048.
The present species was originally described from the Sakamotogawa Formation of ~IURA! (1962a; Arasawa Formation of SATO. 1962. Yamatsuda Formation of I·IAYAKAWA and KITAt-.HJRA,
1953) by NUDA (1966).
Locality: Loc. no. 5. common, Yamatsuda
Formation. IGPS coli. cat. no. 90048.
Recorded Formation: Yamatsuda Formation in lwate Prefecture.

19~1

istic. This species resembles Anadara
gentaroensis originally described fromthe l\Eocene Yoshizawa Formation inl\tiyagi Prefecture by NooA (1966), butdiffers from the latter in having morehigher shell form and distinct ligamenta!
grooves.
Locality: Loc. no. 1, rare, Yamatsuda
Formation, IGPS coiL cat. no. 88051.
Recorded Formation : 1-Ieiroku Formationin North Korea, Kurosedani Formationin Toyama Prefecture. Kokozura Formation in Fukushima Prefecture. Naka·yama Formation in Niigata Prefecture,
Yamatsuda Formation in lwate Prefecture.

Anadara (!lnadara) makiyamai
HATAI and NISIYAl\IA. 1938

Anadara (Anadara) ogawai(1\IAI<IYAMA, 1926)

Pl. 22. Fig~. 7. 13

Pl. 22, Fig. 19

Area abdita MAKIYA!\lA. 1926, p. 152-153.
Anadara mailiyamai IlATAI and NISIYA!\IA,

Area (Anadara) ogawai MAKJYA!\IA, 1926, p.
154-155, pl. 12. tig. 16.
Area a micula YoJ(oY A:..JA, OTUK A, 193·1, p.
609, pl. 47, fig. 3fi.
Area (Anadara) abdita l\Lu~JYA!\JA, 1926. pl.
12, fig. 11.
? Anadara sp., KANNO, 1955, pl. 6, fig. 2.
ilnadara (Anadara) ogawai (MAKIYA!\IA),
NooA. 1966. p. 97, pl. 4, figs. 12, 14, pl. 7.
tig. 11. pl. 8. figs. 4-7, pl. 9. figs. 10, 13,
pL 11, figs. 7. 15, table 7.

1938, p. ] •13-144. pl. 9, fig. 7.

Anadara mak(wwzai
TA:->AKA.

I·IATAI and NISIYA:\!A,
1960b. p. 17·1-176, pl. 1. figs. 13-

14.
Anadara (Anadara) makiyamai HATAI andNISIYAL\IA, NonA, 1966. p. 94, pl 9, figs.
1-9, 11-12, pi 11, figs. 1-2, table 13.

Type Locality:
Nanseki. \Ieisen-gun,Kankyo-hokudo, North Korea, Heiroku
Formation, llolotype. IGPS coiL cat. no.
62430.
The present species was originally described from the I\Iiocene Heiroku Formation in North Korea by HATAI and
NrsJY AMA (1938). The species was collected from Loc. no. 1. in association with
Anadara arasawaensis and Anadara
ogawai. The specimen illustrated is characterized by having 25 non dichotomousradial ribs which are rather narrow,quadrate in cross section and with concentric growth line. The ligamenta! areaand hinge area (Fig. 13) are character-

Type Locality: Kanchindo, near Kisshu,
North Korea, 13ankodo Formation, Holotype preserved in the Geological Surveyof Chosen (Korea).
The present species was originally described from the l'vliocene Bankodo Formation in North Korea by Makiyama in
1926. The species is characterized by its
28-30 distinct dichotomous radial ribs.
The specimens from the tuffaceous darkgray mudstone of Loc. no. I, are characterized by 28 dichotomous radial ribs.
This species resembles ihzadara amicula
amicula but differs from the latter in

200

Hi1·oshi NODA anll ll:Iotohiko TADA

having slender umbonal area, distinct
dichotomous radial ribs and distinct ligamenta! area. The latter has more elongated form and double dichotomousradial ribs on the posterior side of theshell. The differences between Anadara.arasawaensis and Anadara ogawai wasalready mentioned in earlier lines. Anadara ogawai has been known to occur
with !lnadara makiyamai or .rlnadarawatanabei but this is first record of its
co-existence with Anadara arasawaensis
from the japanese Tertiary deposits.
Locality: Loc. no. 1. common, Ynmatsuda
Formation, lGPS coli. cat. no. 88054.
Recorded Formation:
Bankodo Formation, Heiroku Formation both in North
Korea ; Kurosedani Formation in Toyama
Prefecture; Togane Formation in Shimane Prefecture; Kadonosawa Formation in
lwate Prefecture; Ajiri Formation in
Miyagi Prefecture.

Callista sp.
Pl. 22, Fig. 18

The present species was collected froma tuffaceous dark gray mudstone in association with Anadara arasawaensis,
Anadara mal?iyamai and Anadara ogawai.
The characters of the species are the·OVately round form, broadly roundedventral margin, surface with concentric
growth lines without escutcheon or
lunule; pallial line unknown. Left valve
with two cardinal teeth and strong lateral
teeth and right valve with three cardinalteeth. The specimens resemble Ezocallista brevisijJhonata (CARPENTER) but thepresent species differs from the latter inhaving rounded shell form whereas thelatter is produced. Though the specimens are abundant, the specific name isundeterminable at present.
Locality: Loc. no. 1. abundant, Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no. 88054.

Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kaneharai
YOKOYAMA, 1926
Pl. 22, Fig. 25
Dosinia kaneharai YoKOYAMA, 1926, p. 133,
pl. 17, figs. 1-5. pl. 18, fig. 2.
Dosinia kaneharai YoKOYAMA, NOMURA, 1935,
p. 83-8,1. pl. 3, figs. 6-8.
Dosinia kanelwrai YoKOYAMA, NOMURA andl-IATAI, 1936, p. 128, pl. H, fig. 2.
Dosinia kaneharai YoKOYAMA, NOMURA and
0:-:ISill. 1940, p. 183, pJ. 17, figs. 2-7.

The present species was originallydescribed from the Miocene Kanomatazawa Formation in Tochigi Prefecture by YOKOYAMA (1926). It is characterized by strong and cord-like concentric growth lines and broad pallial
sinus. This species is abundant in thefine tuff at Loc. no. 8 (Yunosawa) but
without the original shell materials ; thespecimens from the shell material preserved were collected from Arasawa nearLoc. no. 6.
Locality: Loc. no. 8, abundant, Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS coll. cat. no. 88060.
Recorded Formation :Kanomatazawa
Formation in Tochigi Prefecture, Narusawa Formation in lwate Prefecture,
Tanagura Formation in Fukushima Prefecture. Murata Formation in Miyagi
Prefecture.

_Hacoma cf. tokyoensis l\IAKIY AMA,
1927
PL 22. Fig. 24

Compared with:

Macoma tokyoensis MAKI1920. p. 116-117, pi. 7,

YAMA, YoKOYAJ\IA,figs. 19-20.

The present species name was originally proposed for the pre-occupied namedescribed as Macoma dissimi/is (MARTENS} of YOKOYAMA, (1920) by MAKIYAMA in 1927. The species was collected538.

Anadarids from the Shizukuishi Basin. lwa.te Pref. . .Japan

201

The present undeterminable species ischaracterized by its elongate oval. inequilateral, prominent beak situated anteriorly, short anterior dorsal margin andproduced posterior one. Ventral margin
broadly arcuated. Surface sculptured
with concentric growth lines. Lunule small
and narrow. Pallial line situated roundedat end. Cardinal teeth two or three indistinct. This specimen was collectedfrom a tuffaceous mudstone.
Locality: Loc. no. 4. fe\v, Yamatsuda
Formation, IGPS coil. cat. no. 88052.

(1965) and FuJJE (1957) studied the Tertiary genus Mya in detail. Mya cuneijormis is recorded from Alaska. Sakahalin and Northern Japan and ranges from
Middle Miocene to Pliocene according to
MACNEIL (1965) and FUJIE (1957). The
present species was collected from a siliceous mudstone at Loc. no. 4 in association with Microcallista sp.
Locality : Loc. no. 4. rare, Yamatsuda
Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no. 88057.
Recorded Formation : Wakkanai Formation, Koitoi Formation, Chikubetsu
Formation, Togeshita Formation. Takigawa Formation, Kawabata Formation,
Atsunai Formation, all in Hokkaido;
Kurosawa Formation in Akita Prefecture.
Nakayama Formation in Fukushima Prefecture; Shimokurosawa Formation in
Iwate Prefecture; Yakataga Formationin Alaska; Unnamed l\1iddle Miocene
Formation in Kodiak Island.

Mya (Alya) cuneiformis (BbHM, 1915)

Peronidea sp.

Pl. 22. Fig. 21

Pl. 22, Fig 17

Pleur-omya cuneifor-imis BoH~I. 1915, p. 577,
pl. 29. figs. la-c. text-figs. 1-2.
Mya arenaria LINNE, Yoi<OYA~IA, 1926a. p.
241, pl. 30, fig. 1.
,\1ya cnneiformis BoH:O.t. NAGAO and lNOt.:E,
1941, p. 151-155, pl. 34, figs. 1-6.
Mya cuneiformis (BoH!-.1), Ml!-iATo. MATSUIand Uozu~u. 1950, p. 6, pl. 10, figs. 90-91.
Mya cuneiformis (BouM), FUJIE, 1957, p. 395397, pl. 3, fig. 5, pl. 4, figs. 1-6.
Mya (.4renomya) cuneiformis (BoHM). KAMA·
DA, 1962, p. 141-142. pl. 16, figs. 14-16.
Mya (Afya) cuneiformis (BoHM), MAcNEIL.
1965, p. 35-37, pl. 7, figs. 2-3. 5-8. 12. 15.

The present species is characterized by
its elongate shell with concentric growthlines on the shell surface and small prominent beak. This species was collectedfrom a siliceous mudstone in association
with Macoma cf. tokyoensis and Saccel/asp.
Locality: Loc. no. 3, few, Yamatsuda
Formation, IGPS coil. cat. no. 88053.

The present species was originally described from Kap Jonquiere in Sakahalin
by BbHM (1915). At the time of description BbHM considered it to have been
derived from the Cretaceous deposits. It
is probably from the beds of Middle
Miocene (fide MACNEIL. 1965). MACNEIL

The present species is characterized byits small, transversely elongate form.
Anterior side narrowly rounded and posterior side produced and somewhat attenuated at end. Ventral margin widelyrounded. Surface with regular concentric
growth lines without any angulation.

abundantly from a siliceous mudstone at
Loc. no. 3 in association with Peronidea
sp. and Saccella sp.
Locality: Loc. no. 3. abundant, Yamatsuda Formation. IGPS coil. cat. no. 88059.

Microcallista sp.
Pl. 22, Figs. 11-12

Sacce/la sp.
Pl. 22. Fig 20

202

Hiroshi NODA and Motohiko TADA

Escutcheon area narrow depressed. Small
taxodont teeth arranged on both anterior
and posterior sides of beak.
The present species was collected froma siliceous mudstone is association with
A/acoma cf. /ollyoensis and Peronidea sp.
This resembles Saccella confusa toyomensis originally described from the Numanouchi Formation in Fukushima Prefecture by KAMADA (1962) but differs fromthe latter in having high posterior border
and wide posterior side.
Locality; Loc. no. 3. rare. Yamatsuda
Formation. IGPS coli. cat. 88056.
Ser·ripes muraii NonA and TADA.
n. sp.
Pl. 22. Fig. 22

Type Locality: Small tributary of the
Kakkonda River. about 4 kilometers
NNW of the Takinoue Spa, Shizukuishimachi, Iwate Prefecture, Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no. 88059.
Shell rather large, ovately rounded inform. inequilateral. anterior side acutely
rounded and posterior one elongatedacute, higher than shell length, ventral
margin narrowly rounded, umbonal area
narrow, slender. Beak small. prominentsituated near center of shell length. Shellsurface with rather regular concentric
growth lines with bluntly elevated radiating ribs extending from beak to ventral
margin on anterior and posterior sides ofshell and indistinct on middle part ofshell. Posterior radial ribs distinct compared with anterior one. Cardinal teeth
obscure. Inner shell characters unknown.
Dimension of Jlolotype (Right tla/ve) :Length of shell 66.2 mm., height of shell
80.1 mm.
Comparison and Affinities: The present
new species resembles Serripes hataii
originally described from the l'vliocene
Shimokurosawa Formation in Iwate Pre-

feclure by NonA (1962) but differs fromthe latter in having higher shell andradial ribs on anterior and posterior sidesof shell. Serripes yolwyamai resembles thepresent new species in having radial ribson the anterior and posterior sides of shell
but differs from the latter by the wide
ventral margin and forward curved beak.
Remarks : The new species was collectedfrom a coarse grained sandy tuff in association with JJosinia sp. The species isnamed after Professor Sadamasa l'vluRAIof the Iwate University who kindly suggested the study on the geology of the
Shizukuishi Basin.
Locality: Loc. no. 2. (type locality), rare.
Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no.
88059.
Correlation based upon the Anadarids
from the Yamatsuda Formationin the Shizukuishi Basin

Fossil Anadarids from the Shizukuishi
Basin are abundant and were collectedfrom the localities shown in the locality
map. The Yamatsuda Formation whichyielded abundant specimens of Anadaraarasawaensis and some Anadm·a makiyamai. Anadara ogawai and Anadaraiwatensis is overlain by the Yumoto Formation or Masuzawa Formation with unconformity. The latter formation is characterized by the Gosho Flora of MURAl(1957) who correlated it with the Upper~liocene Shirasawa Formation in Miyagi
Prefecture or the Akagane Formation in
Fukushima Prefecture. The Gomyojin
Flora is a name proposed by MURAT(1962b) for the Flora of the Sakamotogawa Formation. MuRAT (1962b) statedthat the flora indicated a climate much
warmer than at the present time andthat the flora of the Sakamotogawa Formation can be correlated to the Kadonosawa Formation in Iwate Prefecture

538.

ilnada1·ids /1·om the Shizuknishi Basin. Iwate P1·ej.. Japan

based upon the paleo-temperature shownby the flora and the marine fauna. Fromthe stratigraphic sequence and yolcanic
activity of acidic tuff. KITMIUR A (1957.
'58. '59, 'GI) mentioned that the Yamatsuda Formation and Koshitomae Formation can be correlated with the Funakawa Formation in Akita Prefecture. On
the other hand, the Yamatsuda Formation
was correlated to the ;-:one of Anadaratsudai-!lnadara tazazcaensis by NooA
(1966) from the evo!utional trends of theAnadarinae of japan. This zone is correlated with the i\Jiyagipeclen mat.~umori­ensisfPatinojJeclen !?imurai Assemblage
Zone of l\IASUDA (1962) and the Upper
Turritella tanaguraensis Zone or F of
KOTAKA (1959). The present record of thejoint occurrence of Anadara arasawaensis.
Anadara malliyamai and Anadara ogawaiis the first in the japanese Tertiary deposits. Anadara makiyamai and Anadaraogau,ai are both characteristic elementsof the zone o[ i\nadara kakehataensis
Anadara makiyamai which is correlatedwith the lower part of the Natorian of
HATAI (1962) but .·lnadara makiYamai
extends up to the zone of Anadaratsudai-Anadara tazawaensis which is correlated with the Upper Natorian of 1-IATAI(1962). Anadara arasau·aensis and ilnadara iwalensis are both descendants of
ilnadara ninnhensis based on the outerand inner charact~ristics (see NonA. 1966)
and Anadara ninohensis does not extend
to the zone of A.nadara tsudai-.-lnadara
tazawaensis but is restricted to the zoneof Anadara hataii-Anadara ninohensis
from the zone of Anadara kakelzataensisAnadara makiyamai. In conclusion, thegeological age of the Yamatsuda Formation which yielded the Anadarids may
be the zone of ..lnadara tsudai-Anadara
tazawaensis and Upper Middle Mioceneor the Upper part of the Natorian of
IIATAI (1962). In addition to the above203

mentioned Anadarids. Dosinia (J(aneharaia) kaneharai was collected from the
Yamatsuda Formation. This species also
confirms the geological age of the Formation. Dosinia (l(aneharaia) lwneharai
has been recorded from the l'vliocene
Kanomatazawa Formation in Tochigi
Prefecture. Tanagura Formation in Fukushima Prefecture, Narusawa Formationin Iwate Prefecture and Murata Forma·tion in Miyagi Prefecture. Dosinia !?aneharai from the ~Iiocene Heiroku Formation of MAKIYA!\L\ (1936). Yanagawa
Formation of NOJ\IURA and ZI:-IBO (1936),
Kadonosawa Group of OTUKA (1934),
Moniwa Member of the Hatatate Formation of NmwRA (1940). Saginosu Formation of KANNO (1960) and Ainaigawa
Formation of I wAI (1961) are all referred
to !Josinia (KaneJwraia) !un111oi by 1\IASU·
DA (1963a).
MASUDA (1963a) mentionedthat /Josinia kaneharai resembles Dosinia
kan noi but the former differs from thelatter in having irregular concentric
growth lines and the surface of the adultforms of Dosinia kannoi takes the sculpture of the younger form of /Josinia kan1101.
Therefore Dosinia luwnoi occurs
from a horizon IO\ver than of Dosinia
lwneharai and this is supported from theevolutional trends and geological horizonof Dosinia.
References Cited
Bt\11~1. l(1915) : Uber Kreideversteinerungcn
von Sachalin. jahrb., d. l\.onig. Preuf. Ceo/.
J.andesans/alt /Jerlin, voL 36, no. 1. p. 551 ..
558. pL 29. text-figs. 1-2
Fl;JIE, T. (1957): On the Myarian Pelecypodsof japan, Part 1. Summary of the studyof the genus Mya from Hokkaido. ]our.
Fac. Sci. l/okkaido UniF .. Ser. 4, voL 9,
no. 4, p. 381-,113, pls. 1-7. text-figs. l-•1,
tabs. l-3.
HATAt, K. (1962):
Mizuho To. Sci. Rep.
Tohoku Univ .. 2nd Ser .. Spec. Vol., no. 5.

204

Hi1·oshi NODA and Motohilco T ADA

p. 329-348.
- - . and NISIYAMA, S. (1938): Remarks oncertain fossils from the borderland of theJapan Sea. japan. jour. Geol. Geogr., vol.
16, p. 123-154.
HAYAKAWA, N. (1952): Ore deposits of Sulpher and Pyrite at the Nishiyama-Omyojin
district, Iwate Prefecture. (in Japanesewith English abstract). Bull. Geol. Surv.,
Japan. vol. 3, no. 2, p. 71-77, text-fig. 1. 1
table.
- - , and KITAMURA, N. (1953) : Geology of
the western border of Shizukuishi Basin,
Iwate Prefecture.
(in Japanese withEnglish abstract). jour. japan. Assoc.
Min. Petr. Econ. Geol .. vol. 37, no. 1. p.
29-40, text-fig. 1.
- - , Fu:--rAYAMA, Y., SAITO, K., and KITAMI:RA, N. (1954) : Geology of the Neogene deposits in the area between thewestern margin of the Kitakami Mountainland and the 6u Backbone Range,
Iwate Prefecture.
(in Japanese withEnglish abstract). Tohoku Kozan, no. 10.
p. 1-97, text-figs. 1-20, 1 correlation table.
IwAI, T. (1961) : The :VIiocene molluscan
fossils from the area south-west of Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture, Japan.
Trans. Proc. Palaeonl. Soc. japan. N. S ..
no. 41, p. 1-8, pl. 1, text-fig. 1, 1 table.
KA!\IADA, Y. (1962): Tertiary marine Mollusca from Joban Coal-field, Japan. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec. Pap., no. 8. p. 1-187,
pis. l-21, text-figs. 1-2. figs. 1-3.
KANl\O, S. (1955) : Tertiary molluscs fromTaishu Mine, Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, N. S., no. 18, p. 31-36, pl. 6, 1 textfig.
- - (1960) : The Tertiary System of the
Chichibu Basin, Saitama Prefecture, Part
II, Paleontology. japan. Promol. Sci. Ueno,
p. 123-396, pis. 31-51, text-figs. 21-26,
tabs. 5-19, 1 correlation table.
KITAMURA, N. (1957) : Stratigraphic consideration on the Dacite from Northern
Honshu, japan. (in Japanese with English
abstract). Earth Science, no. 28. p. 14-22,
text-figs. 1-7, tabs. 1-8.
- - (1958) : Sedimentary province and its

development in Japanese Cenozoic (6)Development of Sedimentary Basin in
Japan. (in Japanese). Cenozoic Res., no.
26. p. 564-578, text-figs. 1-8, tabs. 1-2.
- - (1959): Tertiary orogeny in northeast
Honshu, Japan. (in Japanese with English
abstract). Contrib. Tolwku Univ.. /nsl.
Ceo/. Paleonl., vol. 49, p. 1-98. text-figs.
1-23, tabs. 1-10.
(1961): Problems on the Osuke Tuff.
(in japanese with English abstract).
Prof. ]. .Makiyama Afem. Vol., p. 115-122,
text-figs. 1-2.
KoTAKA, T. (1959): The Cenozoic Turritellidae of japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ ..
2nd Ser .. vol. 31, no. 2, p. 1-135. pis. 1-15,
text-figs. 1-10. charts 1-8, appen.-fig. A.
MAcNEIL, F. S. (1965): Evolution and distribution of the genus Mya, and Tertiary
migrations of Mollusca. Geo/. Surv. Prof.
Pap., U.S. A., ·183-G, p. 1-51. pis. 1-11.
text-figs. 1-3.
M.-\KIYA:O.IA, J (1926): Tertiary fossils from
Kankyo-do, Korea.
Kyoto Imp. Univ ..
.Me111. Coil. Sci., Ser. B., vol. 2. no. 3, art8, p. 143-160, pis. 12-13.
- - (1927) : Molluscan fauna of the lower
part of the Kakegawa Series in the Province of Totomi, Japan. Ibid., vol. 3. p.
1-147, pis. 1-6.
- - (1936) : The Meisen Miocene of North
Korea. Ibid., vol. 11, p. 193-228, pis. 4-5,
text-figs. 1-2.
MASUDA, K. (1962): Notes on the Tertiary
Pectinidae of japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku
Uni11., 2nd Ser., Spec. l' ol , no. 5, p. 159193, text-figs. 1-9, tabs. 1-9.
- - (1963a) : Remarks on some fossil Dosiniaof japan.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, N. S. no. 49, p. 29-38, pl. 6, textfigs. 1-2.
- - (1963b) : Three Miocene Dosinia fromncar Senclai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
with reference to some Miocene Dosinia.
Saito flo-on Kai Mus., Res. IJu/1., no. 32,
p. 18-29. pis. 3-4, fig. 1, 1 table.
MINATo, M., MATSUI, M., and Uozu:-.11, S.
(1950) : On the genus Mya from Hokkaido. (in Japanese). Ce110zoic Res., no.
7, p. 106-109, pl. 10.

538.

Anadarids front the Shizuk1tishi Basin. Iwate J>ref.. Ja.pa.n

MIZU:'\0, A. (1965) : Tertiary molluscan faunafrom the environs of Hanawa Basin,
North Honshu. (in Japanese). Bull. Geol.
Surv. japan., vol. 16, no 6. p. 31-36, pis.
1-2. text-fig. l, tabs. 1-3.
MuRAl, S. (1957) : On the fossil Flora fromthe Shizukuishi Basin (1) -On the Gosho
Flora- (in Japanese with English abst·ract). jour. Ceo/. Soc. japan. vol. 63, no.
747. p. 711-720, text-figs. 1-2, tabs. 1-4.
- - (1961) : On the Geology of the Shizuku·
ishi Basin, Iwate Prefecture (ll) -On thegeology of southern border of the Shizuku·
ishi Basin- (in Japanese with English
abstract). Rep. Tech. /wale Univ .. vol. 14.
p. 93-106. text-figs. 1-3, 1 table.
- - (1962a) : Geology of the Shizukuishi
Basin. Iwate Prefecture. Japan (111)-Geo·logy of the western border of the Shizuku
ishi Basin. (in Japanese with English
abstract). Ibid .. vol. 15, no. 1. p. 51-63,
text-fig. 1. tabs. l-·1.
- - (l962b) : Geology and Paleobotany of
the Shizukuishi Basin, lwate Prefecture.
Japan. (Part 1). Ibid .. vol. 15, no. 1. p.
131-193. text-figs. 1-4. tabs. l-10.
- - (1963) : Geology and Paleobotany of the
Shizukuishi ~asin, Iwate Prefecture,
Japan. (Part 11-3). Ibid., vol. 16. no. 2.
p. •16-65, pis. 18-20, text-fig. 20.
NAGAO, T., and INouE, T. (1941): Myarianfossils from Cenozoic deposits of Hok·kaido and Karahuto. jour. Fac. Sci. /loll·
kaido Imp. Univ., Ser. IV. vol. 6, no. 2.
p. 1H-159. pis. 32-34.
NooA, H. (1962): Serripes (Molluscs) fromJapan and Saghalicn. Sci. Rep. Toholw
Univ., 2nd Ser., Spec. Vol., no. 5, p. ~19232, pis. 36-39.
- - (1966): The Cenozoic Arcidae of Japan.
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ .. 2nd Ser., vol. 38.
no. 1, p 1-161, pis. 1-14. text-figs. 1-16.
tabs. 1-35.
No!\IURA, S. (1935) : On the Tertiary Mol·lusca from Northeast Honsyu, Japan,
Part 1. Fossil Mollusca from the vicinityof the Narusawa Hot Spring, Northeasternpart of the Kurikoma Volcano, Iwate-ken.
Saito llo·on Kai Mus .. Res. Bull .. no. 5,
p. 71-100, pis. 3-4.

205-

- - (1940) : Molluscan fauna of the Moniwa
Shell-bed exposed along the Natori-gawain the vicinity of Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. U11iv., 2nd
Ser .. vol. 21. no. 1, p. 1-46. pis. 1-3.
- - and HATAI, K. (1936) : Fossils from the
Tanagura Beds in the vicinity of the
Town Tanagura. Hukusima-ken, Northcast Honsyu, Japan. Saito Ho-011 Kai
Mus .. Res. Bull., no. 10, p. 109-155, pls.
13-17.
- - . and 0:-;ISHI, H. (1940): ~eogene Mollusca from the Scnnan district Miyagi
Prefecture. Japan. japan. jour. Geol.
Geogr., vol. 17. nos. 3-4, p. 181-194, pis.
17-19.
--,and ZINBO. N. (1936): Additional fossil.Mollusca from Yanagawa shell-bed in the
Hukushima Basin. Northeast Honsyu,
Japan. Saito Ho-cm Kai Mus .. Res. Bull.,no. 10. p. 335-345. pl. 20.
0Tt.CKA, Y. (1934): Tertiary structures of
the Northwestern end of the Kitakami
Mountainland. Iwate Prefecture. Japan.
Bull. Earthq. Inst. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, YO!.
12. pt. 3. p. 566-638. pis. 47-51. l geol. map
SATO, ]. (1962): Miocene ftshes from thewestern area of Shizukuishi Basin, 1wate
Prefecture. Northeastern Japan, (Paleontological study of the Tertiary Fishes
from Japan, Part 1). Earth Sci., no. 59,
p. 1-29, pis. 1-6. text-figs. 1-32, tabs. 1-1-t
TA:"AKA, K. (1960a): Some observations on
Anadara (s. s) amicula (YoKOYAMA).
(in Japanese with English abstract).
Venus. vol. 21. no. 1. p. 78-92, pl. 11. textfigs. 1-15, 1 table.
- - (1960b): Studies on the molluscan fossils
from central Shinano, Nagano Prefecture.
Japan, Part 4, On some species of thegenus llnadara. Shinshu Univ .. Fac. Educ.
Bull, no. 11, p. 173-186, pl. 1, tabs. 1-2,
YoKOYAl>IA, M. (1920):
Fossils from theMiura Peninsula and its immediate North.
jour. Coli. Sci. Tokyo Imp. Univ .. vol. 39.
art 6, p. 1-193, pi:;. 1-20.
- - (1926) : Tertiary Mollusca from Shiobara
in Shimotsukc. jour. Fac. Sci. Imp. Unh•.,
Tokyo, Sec. C .. vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 127-138,
pis. 16-20.

206

Hi·roshi NODA and Motohiko TADA
(1926a) : Tertiary Mollusca from theoil-Field of Embetsu and Etaibetsu. Ibid.,

vol. 1 pt. 7, p. 235-248, pis. 30-32.

------Shizukuishi
Obonai
Rentaki
Kunimi
Sakamoto
Koshitomae
Yamatsuda
Takinoue~

1i~- ~ ~
v y i~

IIl

Jt

ifi

--------- ----*

Jb:tFifiiT
ill i~tIEi~ (/) J:

--

---

Osuke
YumotoMasuzawa
HashibaKakkonda River
Yunosawa
Arasawa
Oinosawa

i!Ji

$ri~

*iR

m ~

~tP<IEJII

iJJ.; (/) IR
Jfl.
iR~(J)iR--- - ---

Explanation of Plate 22(All figures in natural size)
Figs. 1, 5, 10. 15. Anadara (Anadara) arasawaensis :t\ooA, Loc. no. 1. Yamatsuda Formation,
IGPS coli. cat. no. 88038.
Figs. 2, •1. Anadara (Anadara) arasawaensis NonA. Loc. no. 6, Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS
coli. cat. no. 88039.
Figs. 6, 8. 9, 16. 23. Anadara (Anadara) arasawaensis NooA. Loc. no. 7, Yamatsuda Formation,
IGPS coli. cat. no. 88050.
Figs. 7, 13.
Anadara (Anadan1) makiyamai HATAJ and NJSJYA~JA, Loc. no. 1. Yarr.atst!cla
Formation, IGPS coiL cat. no. 880:51.
Figs. 11-12. Microcallista sp., Loc. no. 4, Yarnatsuda Formation. IGPS coiL cat. no. 88052.
Fig. 17. Peronidea sp., Loc. no. 3, Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS coiL cat. no. 88053.
Fig. 18. Callista sp .. Loc. no. 1. Yamatsuda Formation. IGPS coiL cat. no. 88054.
Fig. 19. Anadara (Anadara) ogau·ai (MAJ<JYA~tA), Loc. no. I, Yamatsuda Formation. IGPS coiLcat. no. 88055.
Fig. 20. Saccella sp., Loc. no. 3, Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no. 88056.
Fig. 21. Mya cuneiformis (Bou~t), Loc. no . .J. Yamatsuda Formation. IGPS coli. cat. no. 88057.
Fig. 22. Serripes muraii NooA and TADA, n. sp., l.oc. no. 2. Yamatsuda Formation. IGPS coli.
cat. no. 88058 (Holotype).
Fig. 24. Macoma cf. tokyoensis MAKIYAMA, Loc. no. 4. Yamatsuda Formation, IGPS coiL cat.
no. 88059.
Fig. 25. Dosinia (Kanelwra'ia) ka11eharai YoKOYAMA. Loc. no. 8, Yamatsuda Formation. JGPS
coil. cat. no. 88060.

NODA and TADA :K U MAGAI

Anadarids from Shizukuishi

and 0 TOM O photo.

Plate 22

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 69, pp. 207-210. pl. 23, April 25. 1968

5:34.

A NEW SPECIES OF CONOCAR/JIUM FRO:M
THE CARBONIFEROUS OF AKIYOSHI(MOLLUSCAN PALEONTOLOGY OF THE AKIYOSHILIMESTONE GROUP-I)*
T AMIO NISHIDA
Department of Geology, Kyushu University---------f};;'i"tH:ilik!gMfJnt::f,(Jl Conocardium Q) lllff.ll: iJJO~If:1Hir.r1IfJlf.till1Jillr:J~lif.Jti'if
Jj,}.A r:J 1.::.~11',-t;,;, WiU-El:fil.ikb/\'ll:fT$0 Fusuline/la biconica {1\'0):fifk;fi J: I) 1¥/.U L t..:t;f~t..:~~Q)=t.l!:~'k~tlLJ..:f.J*, Conocardium (Conocardium) !!I!~Q)~f.J!"Z'<l>J7.:>::.c.tJ:!fljfJJj J.., t.:., ::. !.. lct:ki!f1:i!*:i1H*'rJ-i!UJ\flji:!liJJ~it:W1iJf3to)nt 1 ~l! t. J.., 'L, -'t-0;l~!l&'kfi?,
i!§W~i$my sincere gratitude to Professor Tatsuro !'viA TSUMOTO of the Department of
Geology, Kyushu University under whose
supervision this study has been undertaken. Thanks are also due to Dr. Norman
D. NEWELL of the American !v!useum of
Natural History for his instructive suggestions during his stay in Kyushu University in 1963. Mr. Masamichi OTA for
his kind guidance to the locality, Drs.
Kametoshi KANMERA and ltaru I!AYA:-.IIof the Department of Geology, Kyushu
University. for their valuable helps, Dr.
Juichi Y AKAGIOA and ~vtr. Kyoichi liAsml'IIOTO for their generosity to place thespecimens at my disposal.

Introduction and Acknowledgements
Although results of paleontologicalstudies of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group
have been published by many authors.
little is known of its molluscan fauna.
Recently. however. molluscan fossils havebeen collected in considerable numbers
from this group by Dr. J. Y ANAGIIJA of
the Department of Geology, Kyushu University, Mr. !vi. OTA of the Akiyoshi-Dai
Science Museum abbreviated in thispaper to ASM. and Mr. K. HASIIL\WTO.
teacher of the Jsa Junior High School of
1\hne City. By courtesy of these persons
I was given an opportunity to study
them. As the first report of the mollus·can paleontology of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group I describe in this paper a
new species of Conocardi um. This is thefirst record of this genus from Japan.
Before going further I wish to express

Geologic Note
The limestone from which the described specimens were obtained is exposed
as a small lapie (limestone column) at theentrance of Shuchikujo. Jsa-machi. Mine
City, Yamaguchi Pre f. [Lat. N3'1 • 11'21",
long. El31 •15'47"]. It is light gray andsomewhat recrystallized. The bioclasts* Received July 22, 1967; read June 18. 1965
at Tokyo.

207

208

Tamio NlSHIDA

such as crinoid oseicles and bryozoan
remains occupy 45 percent of the wholevolume and the recrystallized sparrycalcite matrix the rest. Fusulinella biconica (HA YASAKA) occurs abundantly
and some gastropods and ammonoids areassociated.
Systematic Description

cording to BRANSON (1942) and Cox (1963)
this genus appeared in the ~Iiddle Ordovician and distributed world-widely anddied out in the Permian. The reports of
the Triassic species seem to be erroneous.
Subgenus Conocardium
Subgeneric Diagnosis :-See LA ROCQUE{1950, pp. 317-318).

? Subclass Cryptodonta NEU\IAYR, 1884

Order Conocardioida NEU.\IA YR. 1891
Superfamily Conocardiacea l\1ILLER. 1889
Family Conocardiidae MILLER, 1889
Remarks :-NICOL (1955) attempted thesystematic revision of the taxa at genericlevel of this family and concluded thatthe nomenclatorially available genera andsubgenera are Conocardiopsis BEuSHAUSEN 1895, Conocardium BRONN 183·1. Hippocardia BROW/\ 1843 and Rhipidocardium
FISHER 1887.

Genus Conocardium BRONN, 183-1
Type-species :-Cardium elongatum j.
SOWERBY. 1815, Lower Carboniferous,
Mountain Limestone. Derbyshire, England(monotypy).
Remarks :-As regards its type-species,
STOLICZKA (1871) stated Cardium alaeforme SOWERRY as a .. typical species"\Voonw ARD (1874) both Cardium hibernicum and Cardium alaeforme SowERBY
as .. types", FISHER (1887) Cardium hibernicum SOWERBY as the "genotype" bysubsequent designation. However BRONN(1834) had proposed Conocardium on thebasis of a single species, Cardium elongatum SOWERBY, which is nomenclatorially valid. as NICOL (1955) has alreadyadmitted.
Since the genus was established, numerous species have been referred to it. Ac-

Conocardium (Conocardium) japonicum
sp. nov.
Plate 23, Figs 1, 2

Material :-Holotype (ASM 5501), a wellpreserved specimen. without secondary
deformation. paratype (ASM 5502). a fragmentary specimen. both collected by ].
Y A!\AGIDA and K. IIASHniOTO respectively.
Diagnosis :-Shell moderate for thesubgenus; umbo placed at about onefourth of hinge-line from front; posterior wing well-defined, trigonal and ornamented with 11. rather coarse radial ribs;
anterior rostrum rather small. The proportion of the height to the length approximately 0.5 and that of the thickness
to the height approximately 0.9.
Descriptio11 :-Shell small, about H.3
mm. in length, 7.3 mm. in height and6.8 mm. in thickness in the holotype,equivalve, highly inequilateral. acline andsome,vhat triangular in the lateral views
and fusiform in the ventral and dorsal
views: umbo placed at about one-fourthof hinge-line from front. comparatively
small, orthogyrous and incurved; hingeline straight, long, occupying the wholeshell-lengh ; lunule long and narrow : escutheon short and also narrow; valve
composed of anterior flank and posterior
wing ; boundary between them marked
with a shallow groove, which forms anangle of approximately 45" with the.').'J-4.

209.4 1\iew Species of Conocardium

hinge-line: ftank strongly inflatted. ornamented with 26 or more regular radialribs of first order and slightly irregularconcentric striae: anterior margin almost
circular and slightly crenulated ; anterior
rostrum situated at the anterodorsal extremity and apparently small ; posterior

wing trigonal in the lateral views. fiat·
tened and ornamented with 11. rather
coarse radial ribs; postero-ventral margin
truncated at approximatly 50' with thehinge-line; broad elliptical gaping observable at the posterior end : internal characters not observable.

Measurements :Specimen
Holotype (ASM5501)
Paratypc (ASM5502)

Length14.2
10. 3+

Diswssion :-In general characters. thepresent species is closely similar to Cardium elongatum SOWERIW from the Lower
Carboniferousl\lountain
Limestone.
Derbyshire, England. but is distinguishedby its broader, more flattened and morestrongly ornamented posterior wing andapparently smaller anterior rostrum. The
present species somewhat resembles Conocardium subrostrum DE KONINCK fromthe Lower Carboniferous (Visean) of
Belgium. but the latter has a smaller
proportion of height to length and noconcentric striae.
Occurrence:-The holotype and paratype 'vere from the limestone of theFusulinella biconica zone of the Akiyoshi
Limestone Group.
Repository:-Type-room of the Akiyoshi-Dai Science rvluseum, Yamaguchi
Pref.
Ueferences
BRA:-<sox. C. C. (1942): Correction of homonyms in the lamellibranch genus Co/IO·
cardium. f. Paleont.. 16, (2), 247-249.

Height7.3

Thickness
6.8
7.2+

H/L
0.51

BRoNx. H. C. (1834):

T/II
0.93

Lethaea Geognostica,oder Abbildtmgen u11d Beshreibunge11 d er
fiir die Gebirgs-Formationen bezeic/men·sten Versteinerungen. 1, 1-96. Stuttgart.
Cox, L. R (1963): Thoughts on the classifi·
cation of the Bivalvia. Proc. Ma/aco/.
Soc. London, 34. (2). 60-88.
FisHER. P. (1887): Manuel de conchyliologie
et de pa/eonto/ogie conchyliologique.
Ko;o.;JNCK, L. G. DE (1885) : Faunc de carcairecarbonifb·e de Ia Belgique.
Lamellibranches. Ann. Mus. Roy. d'Hist. Nat.
Belgique. ser. paleont. 11. 277 pp .. •11 pis.
LA RocQUE. A. (1950): Pre-Traverse Devonian pelecypods of Michigan. Contr. Mus.
Paleo1ll. Univ. Michigan. 1. (10). 271-366.
NicoL. D. (1955) : Nomenclatural review of
the Paleozoic pelecypod family Conocardiidae. ]. Paleont .. 29, (3). 551-553.
SowicRBY. ]. (1815) : The mineral conchology
of Great Britain. 1. 23,1 pp., 102 pls.
London.
SToJ.ICZI<A, F. (1871) : Cretaceous fauna ofsouthern India. The Pelecypoda, with areview of all known genera of this class.
fossil and recent. India Geol. Suruey,
Mem .. Palaeont. Indica. (6), 3.
WooDWARD. S. P. (1874): Manual of the Mollusca. (4th Ed.).

Locality Guide
Entrance of Shuchikujo. Isa-machi. Mine City, Yamaguchi Pref.
(Lat. N34"11'2l", long. E131 •15'57").
111 ~~ !J,l, :)HtllifJtf/r'li!TI•rr~:JJ.~A. r 1

Tamio NISHIDA

210

Explanation of Plate 23
Figs. 1, 2

Figs: 3-5.

~Figs.

6-9.

Fig. 10.

Conocardium (Conocardium) japonicum sp. nov.
1. Holotype (ASM 5501) from the Fusulinella biconica zone of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group at the entrance of Shuchikujo, lsa-machi, Mine City, Yamaguchi
Pref. Right lateral (a), -left lateral (b), dorsal (c), ventral (d} and frontal (e)views; each x 3.
2. Raratype (ASM 5502) from the type-locality. Ventral view, x3.
Straparollus (Straparollus) otai sp. nov.
3. · Holotype (ASM 5025) from the Millerella sp. cr zone of the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup at the eastern slope of the Ryugoho, Akiyoshi, Shuho-cho, Mine-gun,
Yamaguchi Pref. Apical (a), umbilical (b) and lateral (c) views, each x3.
4. Para type A (ASM 5026) from the type-locality. Apical (a),. umoilical (b) imd
lateral (c) views. each x 3.
5. Paratype B (ASM 5027) from the type-locality. Apical view, x3.
Turbotlitella yanagidai sp. nov.
6. Holotype (ASM 5020) from the Millerella sp. a zone of the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup at Uzura Limestone Quarry, 1200 mE of Yobara, Oiuku, Mine City, Yamaguchi Pref. Apical (a), apertural (b) and lateral (c) views, each x3.
7. Paratype A (ASM 5021) from the type-locality. Apical (a), apertural (b). andlateral (c) .views; each x3.
8. Para type B (ASM 5022) from the type-locality. Apical (a), apertural (b) andlateral (c) views. each x 3.
9. Para type C (ASM 5023) from the type-locality. ·Apical-(a), -apertural (b) ana·
lateral (c) views. each x 3.
Turbonitella ryugohoensis sp. nov.
Holotype (ASM 5030) from the Millerella sp. a zone of the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup on the eastern slope of the Ryugoho, Akiyoshi, Shuho-cho, Mine-gun,
Yamaguchi Pref. Apical (a) and lateral (b) views, each x3.

NISHIDA :Carbonifero~~s Mollusca from

Akiyoshi

Plate 23

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 69. pp. 211-217. pis. 24, 25, April 25, 1968

5:35. ON SOME SPECIES OF CARBONIFEROUS
PLEUROTOMARIACEANS FROM AKIYOSHI(MOLLUSCAN PALEONTOLOGY OF THE AKIYOSHILIMESTONE GROUP-III)*TOKIO SHIKAMA
Institute of Geology, Yokohama Xational University

and
T AMIO NISHIDA
Department of Geology, Kyushu University

f:!\;';' .'fifk:'G/Mf.f.i[;;.j- 4'- j-.:r. ~A 7i 1' ~f-40) 3 ¥rf<Jl : JIJI::J !~'R¥Fili1MloiiJ:J;;( (;.1-7 tJ 3 J:
7) 0) ·~ ~ 7 t~T!Jt}. 'Rtf.rliOlf:Jr.lliJ.iEfR~'i§/J:t-; J:: V'f.Pf/illiTIIJ r:1 !~ If.I•IF~'i.IJM't:i1i1U; :·r'"" f:k}i~fii~H~TM ftf.'f i~fl J: !1 mflil L. t~::t 4'- 7- .:r. 1l 7, ti 1' Xfi '2Mlid L. t~~*· Mourlonia (Mourlonia)•IEI,·J~O) 1 :t'liill!. A11gyomphalus fijlO)WJffjf! 2 >2~}!1JL.t.:., ;:, ~ l;:f:k~1:ifklfj/~')l:r.:ii\I;I4'~~J#Jil::r;
MfJ'EO)?f,3ffU: L."C . .:ttt,I?;,0);!2tlf.l('2fi'?,
111! nfln/f ;k · rli Ill 1\': !$scribe and propose in this paper a new
species of the subgenus Mourlonia andtwo new species of the genus Angyomphalus. The occurrence of the genus
Angyomphalus is the first record fromJapan.
Before going further we extend ourcordial thanks to Professor Tatsuro
MA TSU!\IOTO of the Department of Geology. Kyushu University, for his valuablesuggestions and critical reading of thetypescript. We also wish to express ourhearty acknowledgements to r-.1r. l'vlasamichi 0TA of the Akiyoshi-Dai Science
Museum, abbreviated in this paper toASM, for his kind guidance to the localities, Dr. juichi YANAGIDA of the Department of Geology, Kyushu University,
Messrs. Goro OKAFU.JI. teacher of the
Omine High School of Yamaguchi Pref.
and Kyoichi HASHIMOTO, teacher of theIntroduction and Acknowledgements

Pleurotomariacean is one of the mostrepresentative groups of gastropods in
the Permian and Carboniferous Systemsof various parts of the world. However
the paleontological studies of them fromthe Late Paleozoic of this country weremade only by HAYASAKA (1925) from theCarboniferous Omi Limestone and HAYA·
SAKA (19·13) from the Permian Akasaka
Limestone.
Recently a considerable
number of specimens of this group havebeen collected from the lower part of the
Akiyoshi Limestone Group with manykinds of molluscan fossils. As the third
report of the molluscan paleontology of
the Akiyoshi Limestone Group. we de• Received July 22, 1967; read June 18, 1965
.at Tokyo.

211

212

Tokio SHIKAMA a-nd Tatnio NISHIDAIsa Junior High School of Mine City, fortheir generosities to place the specimens
at our disposal.

zone of TORIYAMA (1958).
Pleurotomariaceans rarely occuringfrom other localities in this group are
not dealt with in this paper.

Geologic Note
The localities from which the present
specimens were collected are as follows(Text-fig. 1):
Loc. 1. 1200 m E of Yobara. Ofuku,
l'vline City, Yamaguchi Pref. (Uzura
Limestone Quarry. now abandoned) [Lat.
N34.14'03". long. E131 TI'45''J.
The
specimen (ASM 5005) was obtained fromthe middle horizon of the lower part ofthe limestone of this quarry. The brief
explanation of this limestone was givenin the second report of this series by thejunior author.
Loc. 2. 150m W of Shoboji. lsa-machi.
Mine City (Lat. N34 ·11'02". long. El31·
15'21'']. The specimen (ASM 5006) wasfrom the pale gray and somewhat crystalline limestone. This limestone yields
some species of fusulinaceans such as
Profusulinella beppensis TORIYA:\IA. Eosta./)idla sp. cf E. higemicula (!GO) andNanlzinella sp. indet. and some speciesof aviculopectinids and goniatites.
Loc. 3. 20m W of the entrance of
Shuchikujo, lsa-machi (Lat. I\34'11'21".
long. E131 ·15'46"]. The specimens (AS~vl
5001~4. 5010-13) were from the pale grayto white and somewhat crystalline limestone. which carries Fusulinella biconica(HAY AS AKA) abundantly.
Loc. 4. 70 m W of the entrance of
Shuchikujo (Lat. N34 •11'22". long. E131 •15'43"]. The specimen (ASM 5015) was
the gray limestone. which also carries
Fusulinella biconica (HAy AS AKA) abundantly.
Above four localities respectively correspond to the Millerella sp. a zone,
Profusulinella beppensis zone. Fusulinellabiconica zone and also Fusulinella hiconica

Text-fig. L Map showing the collecting
localities. indicated by x.

Systematic Descriptions
Superfamily Pleurotomariacea
SWAINSO!\, 1840
Family Eotomariidae WE~Z. 1938
Subfamily Eotomariinae \VENZ, 1938
Tribe Ptychomphalides WENZ, 1938
Genus Mour/onia DE KmHNCK. 1883
Type·species :-l/elix carinata j. So-WERLower Carboniferous Mountain
Limestone, Near Settle, Yorkshire, England (original designation).
Generic Diagnosis :-See DICKI:\S (1963,
p. 11.8).
BY, 1812.

Subgenus 1\fourlonia s. s.
Subgeneric Diagnosis :-See(1963. p. 118).

DICKI:\S.

Mourlonia (Aiourlonia) hayasakai
sp. nov.
Plate 2•1. Figs. 1-6

.5-15.

C[(rboniferons Pleurotomariaceans from Akiyoshi

JV!aterial :-I-Iolotype (ASM 5001) andparatypes A. B. C. D (ASM 5002-5) fromJoe. 3: paratype E (ASM 5006). from Joe.
1 ; paratype F (ASl\1 5007) from Joe. 2.
Diaguosis :-Shell. except for selenizone. ornamented only with llne numerous growth-lines which are strongly prosocline and slightly convex forward above
selenizone and orthocline below it ; selenizone concave. slightly above the periphery on the last whorl and slightly
sbo,-e the suture on the spire; spire angle
approximately 100'.
DescrijJiiou :-Shell moderate to small.
turbiniform. slightly higher than long:whorls consisting fh·e and a half volutions in the holotype, rapidly expanded:spire rather low. conical; spire angle
101.5' in the holotype. ranging from 98.0'

21:3

to 101.5'. among specimens; protoconch
small. apparently smooth and dextral;base more or less flattened ; umbilicus
phaneromphalous at younger stage but
almost plugged by callus at mature stage ;\vhorl surface gently curved ; whorl crosssection rounded trapezoid in the paratypeD; suture fairly impressed; selenizone
considerably wide. slightly concave. delimite:! by two spiral lirae and not ornamented with corabrallirae, and situatedslightly above the periphery on the last
whor! and also slightly above the sutureon the spire; ornamentation fine. regularly spaced numerous growth lines which
are s:rongly prosocline, slightly convex
forward above the s~lenizone and orthocline below it: aperture and slit notobservable.

Measurements :Specimen
Holotypc(ASM 5001)
Pnratypc A (ASM5002)
Paratypc B (ASl\'15003)
Paratype C (ASM5004)
Paratype D (ASM5005)
Paratypc E (ASM 5006)
Paratypc F (AS:\1 5007)

Number of whorls
5.5
6.0
5.0

Height24.3:38. 6+

4.8
4.3

28.8
ll. 8

Diameter
26.2<11.7+

Spire angle
101. 5'98.5'
100.0'

28.9

98.o·

15.2

98. 0'
99.3'

21.6

19. 2+

Discussion :-The holotype is fairly
well-preserved, sho\\·ing clearly the specific characters. although it is slightly
deformed in preservation. The paratype
E and F are smaller and have rather
coarse collabral ornamentation on theouter whorl surfaces. Paratype C has awell flattened base. However. in othercharacters they are quite similar to theholotype. The present species is fairly
similar to A!ourlonia (s. s.) .mbconoidea(DE KoNINCK) from the Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) of Belgium. but distinguishable in having rather a larger
spire angle and unornamented selenizone.
The present species can easily be distinguished from other species referred to

10. 2+

the subgenus by the situation of theselenizone on the spire and the last whorl.
The present species is dedicated toProfessor Ichiro 1-IAYASi\KA, a pioneer inthe study of the Paleozoic molluscs inthis country.
Occrarence :-The
present
speciesranges from the :\lil/erel/a sp. n zone to
the Fusulinella bicnnica zone in the Akiyoshi Limestone Group and. as far as is
known. seems to be abundant in thelatest zone.
Repository:- Type-room of the Akiyoshi-Dai Science rvlaseum, Yamaguchi
Pre f.

21.4·

Tokio SHIKJIMII nnd Tamio 1VISHID.4

Family Raphistomatidae K.OKEN. 1896
Subfamily Liospirinae KNIGHT, 1956
Genus Angyomphalus COSS:\IANN, 1915
Type-species.-Euomphalus radians DE
I(oNINCK, 1843. Lower Carboniferous.
Assise 1. Tournai. Belgium (original designation).
·Generic Diagnosis :-Shell small tomoderately small. lenticular to sub-lenticular; spire low-conical; ealier whorls
convex and later ones rather flattened ;periphery gently rounded ; suture fairly,,·ell impressed; base gently rounded orsomewhat flattened : umbilicus moderately wide. phaneromphalous or hemiomphalous and often surrounded by narrowcircum-umbilical funicule or row of collabral fine costae; aperture sub-lenticular:outer lip thin, sharply angulated at the
periphery: inner lip much curved, somewhat thickened : parietal indactura moderately thickened ; selenizone narrow. conve?C and situated slightly above the periphery ; ornamentation a series of nodes
or pustules which are prominently developed just below the upper suture.

Discussion :-When CoSS:\IANl' (1915)•
established !lngyomphalus as a subgenus.
of the Rotellomphalus on the basis ofRaphistoma radians DE KoNINCK and R ..
jzmior DE KONINCK and designated theformer as the type-species, he did not
notice a slit and a selenizone, the important characters of these species ..
KNIGHT (1933) at first followed COSSMANN
but later (1936). reexamining the holotypeof the type-species. stated that the Angyomphalus entirely belongs to pleurotomariaceans and that is related to someAmerican Pennsylvanian species of the
Trepospinl. Still later he (1941) placed
the Angyomphalus to the subgenus of
the Treposj>ira.
However we regard that it should betreated as a distinct genus judging fromthe differences in the umbilical characterand surface ornamentation as mentioned
in the above diagnosis.
Angyomf>lw/us lwslzimotoi sp. nov.
Plate 25. Figs. l-4

Material :-Holotype (ASivl5015) andparatype A. B, C (ASI\·15016-8). collected

Explanation of Plate 2-!
Figs. 1-6.

A!ourlouia (Mourlo11ia) hayasakai sp. nov.
l. Holot~:pe (ASM 5001) from the Fusulinella /Jiconica zone of the Akiyoohi Limestone Gr~up at 20m W of the entrance of Shuchikujo, Isa-machi, Mine Citv
Yamaguchi Pref;· •·Apical' (a). umbilical (b) and apertural (c) views, each x 2.
2. Para type A (ASM 5002) from the type-localitv.
Apical (a) and lateral (b) views. each x l. .
3. Para type B (AS.M 5003) from the type-locality.
Apical view. x 2.
·1. Paratype C (ASM 500·1) from the type-locality.
Apical (a). umbilical (b) and lateral (c) views, each x 2.
5. Paratype E (ASM 5006) from the Millerella sp. a zone of the Akiyoshi Limestone·
Group at the Uzura Limestone Quarry, 1200 m E of Yobara. Qfuku, Mine City,.
Yamaguchi Pref.
Apical (a) and lateral (b) ,-jews. each x 2.
6. Paratype F (ASM 5007) from the Profusulinella beppensis zone of the Akiroshr
Limestone Group at 150m W of Shoboji, Isa-machi. Mine City, Yamaguchi PreL
Apical (a) and lateral (b) views. each x 2.

SHIKAMA

and NISHID A: Cat·boniferous Pleut·otomariaceans

Plate 24

535.

Carboniferous Pleurotomariaceans from Akiyoshi

by K. HASHIMOTO from loc. 3.
Diagnosis :- Without circum-umbilicalfunicule; phaneromphalous; spire angle
approx imately 128° ; rather fine pustules
collabrally lengthened from just below
the upper suture to the position of onethird of the whorl surface.
Description :- Shell small in the holotype and moderate in other specimens,
sub-lenticular; whorls consisting four andtwo-fifth vo! utions in the holotype, r apid ·ly expanded ; earlier whorls convex, laterones rat her flattened; whorl cross section
rounded trapezoid in the paratype B;
spire ver y low, conical; spire angle approximately 128°, constant among speci-

215

mens; protoconch apparently simple,
dextral in the holotype; suture somewhat
impressed; base gently rounded; umbilicus rather wide,
phaneromphalous;
selenizone narrow, convex and situatedalmost on the periper y on the last whorl
but unvisible in the spire view owing ofoverlapping; ornamentation fine pustules
collabrally lengthened from just below
the upper suture to the position of one1third of the whor l surface; aperture sublenticular ; outer lip thin, sharply angulated at the periphery; inner lip muchcurved, slightly thickened ; parietal inductura mederately thickened; slit notobservable.

Measurements :Specimen
Holotype(ASM 5015)
Paratype A (ASM 5016)
Paratype B (ASM 5017)
Paratype C (ASM 5018)

Number ofwhorls4.4
5. 5

Discu ssion :-The holoty pe is the leastspecimen, although in well-preservation.
The paraty pe A and B are fragmentary
and the paratype C is slightly deformed.
The shell size is fairly variable but thespire angle is about constant. The para-

H eight

Diameter

10.0
15. 4
18. 9 +
19. 0 +

18.5
27. 4 +
31. 4 +

Umbilical
diameter
6. 5
7.3

Spire a ngle
128. 2°
128.2°
121. 8°126.5°

type C bears very fine costae on the!
umbilical marg in, which are not observed~
on the other specimens.
The present species is closely allied tothe type-species, A ngy omphalus radians(DE KONINCK ) , but readily separated from

Tex t -fig . 2. Colmellar s ec tio ns of Mourlonia (Mourlonia) haya sakai sp. nov ., paratype D(ASM 5005) , left and A ngyomphalus ha shimotoi s p. nov., para type B (ASM 5017), right. Each x 2.

:2Hi

Tokio SHIK!llvlA and Tamio NISHIDA

it by absence of circum-umbilical funiculeand having phaneromphalous umbilicus
and weaker and longer pustules on thewhorl surface. It is also closely related
to Angyompha/us junior (OE KO::-llt-:CK).
but differs from that species in having
much smaller spire angle and larger shellsize. The present species is named afterl\lr. Kyoichi HASIIlMOTO, who kindly put
all his collections at our disposal.
Cc:-urrence :-The present species occurs in the Fusulinel/a biconica zone of
the Akiyoshi Limestone Group.
Repository:- Type-room of the Akiyoshi-Dai Science lVIuseum. Yamaguchi
PrefAngyomphalus (?) okafujii sp. nov.
Plate 25. Fig. 5,\.fa/erial :-Holotype (ASl'vl 5030) collected by Goro OKAFUJI from loc. 4.
Diagnosis :-Selenizone concave; upper
whorl surfaces rather convex: umbilicalmargin ornamented by co!labral costae :spire angle 164 •.

Description :-Shell small, 7.6 mm. inheight. 15.2 mm. in diameter. sub-lenticular; whorls consisting of five and a half
volutions. rapidly expanded: spire very
low-conical; spire angle 164' : upper
whorl surface rather convex: suture fairly impressed: base well rounded; umbilicus \Vide. c1.5 mm. in diameter, phaneromphalOUS : selenizone narrow. concave,situated almost on the periphery on thelast whorl: ornamentation co!labrally
lengthened fine pustules which are prominent just below the upper suture: umhi·
tical margin with prominent collabral
costae ; apertural characters not apparently observable.
Discussion :-Only one specimen isavailable at present. lt is. however. socharacteristic that the establishment of
a new species is warranted. The present
species is somewhat similar to /lngyomphalus hashimoloi, n. sp. (see above description) in its sub-lenticular shell form
and the mode of ornamentation. It
differs. ho\vever, in the characters of theselenizone from all the l<nown species ofExplanation of Plate 25
Figs. 1-4.

Fig. 5.

Angyomphalus hashimotoi sp. nov.
1. Holotype (ASM 5015) from the Fusulinella biconica zone of the Akiyoshi Lim~­stone Group at 20m W of the entrance of Shuchikujo, Isa-machi, Mine City,
Yamaguchi Pref.
Apical (a) umbilical (b) apertural (c) arid lateral (d) views, each x 2.
2. Para type A (ASM 5016) from the type-locality.
Apical (a). umbilical (b) and lateral (c) views. each x2.
3. Paratype B (ASM 5017) from the type-locality.
Apical (a) and lateral (b) views, each x 2.
4. Paralype C (ASM 5018) from the type-locality,
Apical (a), umbilical (b) and apertural (c) views. each x2.
Allgyornphalus (?) okafujii sp. nov.
Ilolotype (ASM 5020) from the Fusulinella biconica zone of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group at 70 m vV of the entrance of Shuchikujo. Isa-machi. Mine City,
Yamaguchi Pref.
Apical (a), umbilical (b), apertUJ·al (c) and lateral (d) views. each x2.

SHIKAMA and N ISHIDA:

Ca1·bonijerous Ple~~rotoma?-iaceans

Plate 25

535.

Ca.rboniferous Pleurotoma~·iacean.s from Akiyoshi

Angyomplwlus.

AILhough better specimens are necessary for a more definite
assignment, we temporarily place thepresent species under Angyomphalus.
Occurrence:- The present species occurs in the Fusulinella biconica zone of
the Akiyoshi Limestone Group.
Reposilory.-Type-room of the Akiyoshi-Dai Science Museum, Yamaguchi
Pref.
References
Coss:>.!A:-IN. Maurice (1915): Essais de palioconchologie comjJarie. 10. l-292, pi:;. l-12.
Paris.
DtcKt:-;s, J. M. (1963) : Permian pelecypods
and gastropod~ from Western Australia.
Bur. Min. Resour. Australia IJu/1., 63. 1202, pis. 1-26.
HAYASAKA. lchiro (1925): On the fauna of
the Anthracolithic limestone of Omi-murain the western part of Echigo. Sci. Rept.
Tohoku Imp. Univ. (2), 8, 1-8·1. pis. 1-7.

217

- - (19·13) : On some Permian gastropods
from Kinshozan. Akasaka-machi, Gifu
Prefecture. Pt. 1. 1\lem. Fac. Sci. Taihoku
Imp. Univ. (3). 1. (2). 23-48, pis. 1-5.
K:-;tGIIT, B. j. (1933): The gastropods of the
St. Louis, Missouri. Pennsylvanian outlier.
V. The Trochoturbinidae. ]. Paleont ., 1.
(1). :~U-58, pis. 8-12.
- - (1936): Notes on Paleozoic Gastropoda.
Ibid , 10, 7, 520-534.
- - (1911) : Paleozoic gastropod genotypes.
Geol. Soc. Amer., Special Paper 32, 510pp.,
96 pis.
Ko)IJ:-;cK. L. G. DE (1881): Faune de carcairecarbonifere de Ia Belgique, 3• partie, Gastcropodes. Ann. Mus. Roy. d'Hist. Nat.
Belniquc>, Sir. paieon/., 6, 170pp., 21 pis.
- - (1883): Faune de carcaire carbonifere
de Ia Belgique, 4• partie, Gasteropodes(::;uitc et tin). Ibid., 8, 240pp., 33 pis.
ToRtYA:>.JA, Ryuzo (1958): Geology of Akiyoshi, pt. 3. Fusulinids of Akiyoshi. ,\[em.
Fac. Sci. Kyus/111 Unh· .. (D), 7, 1-264, pis.
1 48.

Locality Guide
Uzura Limestone Quarry. 1200 m E of Yobara. Ofuku, Mine City. Yamaguchi Pref.
7 ;.( 7 !Hi~. LlH.l W:~1f.m1J~U.\i Cfl!Olf1.7 1200 m.
150m W of Shoboji, Isa-machi, Mine City.
~¥FriT(Jijl,;ll!TiEit:cj'i1§); 150m.
20~mW and 70 mW of the entrance of Shuchikujo, lsa-rnachi.
f~tftJIIJN!f,,:Jh.)A.Jli!§}J 20m :L·J: tJ' 70 m.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 69, pp. 218-229, pis. 26, April 25, 1968

536.

A FOSSIL ASSE!\'lBLAGE OF MACAC;l AND HOMO FROMOJIKDO-CAVE OF HIRAODAI KARST PLATEAU.
NORTHERN KYUSHU, JAPAN*
YOSIIII\AZU HASEGAWA
Department or Paleontology. National Science Museum, Tokyo. Japan

IIIROSHI YA:\IAUTI
Faculty of Education. r:hime University, r..Iatsuyama, Japan

and
GORO OKAFUJI
Omine High School, Mine City, Yamaguchi Prerecture, Japan*.;-f·f%fl :IJ ,~.- :;r, 1- O)!f±Jitl:i~11.:..t; :t<~ =- .t: :..-' ~ ,~.- ~ ~:: 1- o)fl:lif.f t.R : 1962 . 1963 1f.i;: n
1 1::' :..-' Y b:LPi oxt 1W. -c:- '¥ f€ il' 0) Mn ,J:.J :k h i tJ. -? U!M;j1~ t- h t.: t!fiffji}J~ft1i c , .:t C')fol.ttl!!:lG
t~-Gilll?>t-v·c~t.:?oif'~~-t c 10-c ~u;•;·-r ~ _ H!lliililJ<7.) 3 IIMiWn · G!IE.\lii~ ;Jot.:11.fffi!I\IJ~ir!1tfim:~0)? "/;,, chamber 2 en=- ,r. y~f,~· (17 ITfi) c t:: r (1 J\) t..::tn·t?fJ:0ii'HiiHI'f.1~fi. !lf!'f..Un:&t.t <. f•[!f/liJlX:7ni'~ ""':' :t ~;: c, .::. ;t; :.-'-if MOffbjf{tJ:fl :,i:-:> '"( ~\.-';: c f.t c O)#,,""C[~i~'"Ct,'j'*J*tJ. t C')"t' eli>~, mt£;j: -c 1:.=- Y-tf d.-O)ft1ii:.r~-t c **':t.~fY~J<ii>~ tJ ... "·fn Mrttrt~:tffi
5J"l¥1<:Y.~~Ji~:h""':"'., .Q 1::-t !CtJ. 1.-,, .!Jif£14HA t.. "?"?;be=- ;t. :1'-tf Jt-jfHI~iW#Ji. ~ 0)~-a Natural trap c VC~)-;:::.-?H? < VCif~nX:~:ht..:. t<0)"'(',(iiJffijf*il·il:.:ttt,-F:hJi::;~i;:*ff:~tt.'"C~.o · -b;: cfl:~~, 'o ti:!.IEif010)lJ,Hii;:;±-&1t-:t t:i!i'J'lfl"t..: cO);),; ~t.J:1fra::.ffih '"C'-"''"C.
fiifl" · t.Hflii'ft.t Dh~ v'$57"l;t 11 c. A- n~.ll!. t- tt "Cv' :~J: '-' ·" ;: hI? 0)~. ~it£!'1l:IX~n·l?];. -c.
;: O)jn~llt!R~Il~IV/fitrz;lli Natural trap 1:.1/;t?t: t <7.);?:, .:::.(~i1'·JICfl}itH1t Lt.: t O)'"C: ;jl_, 0 -)cff~5E~~~-;:,. L:'l·t... t'I!H/f!JtCDj,~ts.l.-·:~;-c Natural trap O)-·AQ:I1'1t.cf91J (chamber 1 -:l:t.:lim7c) t. YU'.t .r;,, -==- rt: :.-'-if,~.- c e ~ O)r.f.t~;"!.~f1R!HU t: li.:t"h.l'Jtllli;:~Ja~ nt: t 0) t.:J)·;t
Q" ~ J? IC. !f"f:Jll!ilil!~· I? 7- r7 -.- Y1R:t; J: v: "h '7 t7 :1 O)(tT:d;:~r.:/1', l. t.:.:: c !"ii!!'l ~:(LQ;: c "'C.
Jf~#il·t?J,HJJQJiie~-c<1>Q.
:0- Jll ~ 'fll · LLi 11.J t~ · lllll ~ Ji. !!~*kyushu City. stretching in a NE-SW
direction. It abounds in caves and fissures. among which the Seiryukutsu-caveand the Senbutsudo-cave are famous
since old days.
Of late, it has become known that there
exist a considerable number of caves andfissures, in addition to the above-mentioned ones. Early in january, 1952 theIntroduction
Hiraodai is one of the typical karst
plateaus in japan. The limestone body
constituting II iraodai is widely developedin the south of Kokura \Vard of l<ita• Received August 3, 1967; read january
22, 1967 at Tokyo.

218

536.

Macaca and Homo fi'om Ojikado-cat•eJapan Caving Club, supported by Kokura
City, carried out a synthetic investigationof Hiraodai.
In this investigation
abundant animal remains were obtained
from the Ojikado-cave. but the investigation was not completed at that time. sothat the Ojikado-cave was reinvestigatedlater, from January 4 to 7. 1963. After
that, the Higashidani-mura Agricultural
Cooperative Association excavated partof the cave for the purpose of developing the Ojikado-cave as a sightseeing
place.
The results of the two investigations
and the excavation which was carriedout several times revealed that the collected fossils included an unusual abundance of Macaca remains. and the writers
thought it was certainly worthy of report.
The present paper deals mainly with the
Macaca- Homo assemblage from the
Ojikado-cave. HASEGAWA. one of thewriters, bears the responsibility of the
discussion in this paper. .
Acknowledgements
The writers· sincere gratitude is expressed here to Prof. Fuyuji TAKA! of
the University of Tokyo and to Prof.
Tokio SHIKA:.IA of the Yokohama National University, for their kind guidance
throughout the present study. Thanks
are also due to the following institutions
and persons for their kind encouragement and valuable suggestions : Kokura
Ward Office of Kitakyushu City: Yukuhashi City Office; Higashidani Village
Office: Japan Caving Club; l'vlessrs. Atsumaro YAiVIAZAKI. Yoshio MAEDA of Kokura \Vard and Keiji HARADA of Iligashi·
dani Village: Prof. Hisashi SuzuKI and
Dr. Banri E~oo of the University ofTokyo; Prof. Riozo Yosu. Prof. Jiro
IKEDA, Dr. jun-ichiro ITA:t\1 and Dr. Sugio
HAYAMA of Kyoto University: Dr. ~Iasao

219

KAWAI and Dr. Mitsuo IWAMOTO of theJapan Monkey Center: Dr. l'vlinoru ASAIIIof Mukogawa Women's College: ltsukushima Shrine Office; Cave ResearchGroup of Yamaguchi University; members of the Expedition Department of
Ritsumeikan University; Dr. Kiyotaka
CHIJ~;ZEI and Dr. Yasuhide IWASAKI of
the University of Tokyo; Dr. Iliroshi
OZAKI. Dr. Yoshinori IMAIZUMI, Dr. Shunlchi Uf:No, Dr. lkuwo OBATA, Dr. Hiroshi
UJI!f: and l\liss Reiko FuSEJIMA of the
National Science rv!useum, Tokyo.
Geological background of Hiraodai
The lliraodai plateau, having a height:100-600 m above sea-level, is considered
an uplifted peneplain. Its northwesternpart forms steep cliffs as high as 400 m
or more. The southeastern part, on thecontrary, slopes gently down toward thelowland. The surface of the plateau ismarked with numerous dolincs, ponors,
caves and fissures. Relics of human life
since the jomon period are also known(HA:>.IADA et al.. 1952). The limestone
forming the Hiraodai plateau is called
Hiraodai limestone and is correlated with
the Akiyoshi limestone of the Upper
Paleozoic system (MATSUMOTO. 1951).
Metamorphic rocks. most!y black to green
phyllites, occur on the south side andbeneath the limestone body with a conformable relation. On the northwest side.
the limestone is in fault contact with aweakly metamorphosed Paleozoic formation consisting of muddy, siliceous andtuffaceous rocks. The general strike is
N30'-60"E and the dip is 70"-90'NW.
Intruding the limestone, hornblende-biotite granite is distributed. On accountof this granite intrusion. the limestone
was recrystallized and turned white andgranular. so that its structure and occur·
renee of fossils remain unknown. The

220

Yoshikazu HA SEGAWA, et al.

area of distribution of the limestone is
7 km NE- SW by 3 km NW- SE.

hole. Just below the entrance spreads
chamber 1 which is the largest. The
main part of the cave is about 150m long,
and a total extension of explorable passages is about 300m. Corrosion has advanced in the directions of N-S, NW - SE
and NE- SW along faults or joints. Near
the middle of the cave, a considerably
swift stream is flowing from west to east(branch 2) across the main cave of a
NW -SE trend. The innermost part of~the main cave is blockaded with residual

Shape of Ojikado-cave

The Ojikado-cave is located at about
300m south of Hirao Village which stands
nearly in the center of the Hiraodai
plateau. The cave was developed in ashallow doline about 50 m in diq,meter.
The entrance is fairly large (Fig. 1) andthe cave begins with a 25m deep vertical-,

if1 ."->. . . t~:t ;, '. t """: ·' , ,,Fig. 1.

.,,....(

Entrance to O jikado-cave. It f a lls directly down to the depthof - 25m. In w inter, s now accumulates on the plateau.

536.

1lfacaca and Jlonw from. O}'ilwdo-ccit'e

clay.
Before the cave ends there isanother cave (branch 3) developed in a
S\:V -NE direction. and water flows
through this branch forming two pools.
The pools are 1-2m deep and the water
seems to be sinking into the ground little
by little.
These branches cannot beentered as they become narrower ahead.
so that little is known about them.

Cave deposits
Almost no travertine is developed inthis cave, and neither stalactite nor
stalagmite is worthy of mention, but
residual clay is found from place to place.
Humus soil is concentrated just below
the entrance. occurring nowhere else.
The fall of rocks is remarkable inchamber 2 where the remains of Macacaand Homo were found.

N

t
6~

10

I

10"'-

Map of Ojikado-cave (byJapanCaving Club)
Fig. 2.

Map of Ojikado cave.

221

Abbre\·iatiom; in map:

1, humus: 2. clay:

3, limestone block ; 4, stalagmite: 5, waterfall: 6, pool: 7, ceilling height 2m:
8, surface dip.

222

Yoshikazu HASEGAWA. et a[.

A fairly large amount to vertebrateremains were collected from chambers 1
and 2 and branch 2. Branch 2 yielded
one fragment of dental plate of Palaeoloxodon naumanni (1v1AKIY AMA), chamber
1 yielded H mammalian species and one
each species of Aves, Amphibia and

Chelonia, one each species of Macaca andHomo were obtained from chamber 2.
Vertebrate remains and deposits
containing them

The remains of vertebrates collected

Entrance

Chamber 1

Sectiol'0....

1011\.

Fig. 3. Profile of Ojikado-cave along section 1 and horizontal section
at chamber 2 area by H. YA~!AUT! and Membership of Japan Caving Club.

536.

.Macaca and Homo front Ojikado-ca.ve

from the Ojikado-cave are classified into
three groups, by their locality and mode<>f occurrence.
1. Elephant fossil:- The fossil is a
fragment, about one-third. of dental platelacking its upper and lower ends. It
was collected by the villagers, from thestream in branch 2 (Fig. 2), extending
E- vV across the central part of the main
.cave, and has been preserved at theHigashidani-mura Agricultural Cooperative Association. The surface of the fossil is smooth and mostly brown, partly
milky white, in color. Judging from thewidth and thickness of the plate andfrom the state of enamel in the central
part, (plate 1. figs. 5a-5b), the fossil is
undoubtedly of Palaeoloxodon naumanni(MAKIY AMA). Its relation with the sediments is unknown. From the fact thatfossils of this species are known in Akiyoshi and a few other areas of Honshu,
it is considered that the elephant may
have lived in nature, that is, it once inhabited the plateau. Or, its bones may
have been brought onto the plateau byman, from the fact that a human bone
is found in the same cave. At any rate,occurrence of an elephant fossil on theplateau is an important fact.
2. Lutra assemblage:-The deposits
are distributed from chamber 1 justbelow the entrance and westward to{;hamber 3. The surface inclination is10-15° in chamber 1, but it becomes
rapidly steeper toward chamber 3, attaining to more than 20'. The humus isthin, not exceeding 10 em, and it grades
into the underlying blackish residual clay
bed containing angular fragments of limestone; the boundary between the two is
indistinct. It is reported that this clay
bed was dug down to 1-1.5 m deep in thespring of 1963 when the foundation work<>f the ladder to be installed for thedevelopment of the Ojikado-cave was223

carried out. Vertebrate remains are foundin both the humus bed and the clay bed.
Collected specimens are mostly mixturesof the two beds. Accordingly. fossilization is advanced in some of them but
not in others. Afacaca remains are notnumerous, but are exceedingly variable
in size, and fossilization is far advanced,
hardly distinguishable from those collected in chamber 2. The writers consider
that these remains were transported bystream from chamber 2. The clay bed
yields also Lutra remains (plate 26 figs.
4a-c). Since this is the only known occurrence of fossil Lutra in Kyushu, thewriters decided to call the vertebrateremains in the clay bed by the name of
Lutra assemblage. During the exploration of the cave, a wounded fox and two
living terrapins were discovered.
These facts indicate that the Lutra
assemblage occurring just below the caveentrance is fairly complex, including
aninals of different ages.
3. 1Hacaca-Homo assemblage:- In due
north of chamber 1 right below the cave's
entrance. chamber 2 is developed in an
east-west direction (Fig. 2). It narrows
eastward to a dead end. The rock fallto a pretty large scale is observed up to
the middle part of this chamber, and as
if burying the fallen rocks a sandy residual clay has accumulated. The clay
is not stratified but its surface inclines
several degrees to the west becoming
steeper toward the inner part (Fig. 4).
Therefore, the clay must have been
deposited from the east to the center ofthe chamber. This clay bed is only
20-30 em thick. Near the entrance ofthe chamber, which is more than 2m
higher than the floor of the main cave,the country rock is exposed (Fig. 5).
From the clay and from its surface,\t/acaca remains, as many as for 17 individuals, and one human humerus were224

Yoshikazu HASEGAWA, et al.

obtained. In a narrow branch cave(branch 1) extending on the west side of
the main cave, one skull of Macaca wascollected. This skull must have been
deposited during the time when brnach 1
and chamber 2 were on the same level.

As these remains occur in the position
more than 2 m higher than the floor ofchamber 1, they are considered to havebeen Separated when chamber 2 was ·formed.
Mode of occurrence and preservation ofFig. 4. Entrance to chamber 2. Bed rock is exposed. The passage
leads to chamber 1 in the foreground.

Fig. 5. Midway of chamber 2. Interspaces of large blocks oflimestone are filled with residual clay. The blocks are thinly coatedwith cave tufa.

536.

225

.Macaca and Homo from Ojikado-cave

Macaca and Homo remains :-Most of thefossils obtained in 1962 were of surface
collection. In 1963 excavation was carried out by removing the fallen rocks.
From the result of the excavation. it isconsidered that the majority of remains
was concentrated on the surface of the
cave deposits, and very few were buriedin the deposits. This is supported by
the fact that many of the bones are

Table L List of the vertebrates from the Ojikado and IIato-ana cave. on Hiraodii Karst Plateau.
Ojikado cave-Species nameI_

O: living and remain

--

-

I

branch I chamber ' chamber'Mammalia
Insectivora
Mogera wogura (TE~Il'.IINCK)
Urotrichus talpoides TE:-.tMINCKChiroptera
Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum nippon TE:\1:\IINCK
Lagomorpha
Lepus brachyurus TE:-.t~IINCKRodentia
Clethrio11omys sp. indet.
Petaurista leucogenys TEMMINCK
Carnivora
Canis familia/is Lti'"AEl:S
Nyctereutes procyonoides vit•errinus TE:-.t:\11:->cK
OVulpes vulpes japonica GRAY
Meles meles anakuma TE:-.t~IINCK
Lutra lutra LIXXAEUS
Martes melampus melampus WAGNER
Proboscidea
Palaeoloxodon naumanni (MAKIYA~!A)
Artiochctyla
Sus scrofa leucomystax TEM:\IINCK
Cervus nippon TE:>.t~I:-ICK
Bos taurus Lt:->:-.:AEt:sPrimates
Homo sapiens LrN:-.:AEcs
Macaw fuscata BLYTH
Aves
Gen. el sp. indct.
Amphibia
Bufo bujo japonica ScHLEGEl.
Reptilia{)C/emmys japonica (TE:\I)o.li1':CK et SCHLEGEL)

0: living--*: presentzz---- -

1

I

1

Hato-ana
ca\·e

I

--'

*

•
•

*

.
*

..

*
*

*

•

1

Yoshikaz1t HASEGAWA. et al.

~~6thinly coated with travertine (pl. 1).
The specimens themselves are fairly wellpreserved. At least there are no specimens that look as though they werecompressed under the fallen rocks. Collection in chamber 2 was conducted twice
and the following result was obtained :Macaca fuscata BLYTH
Left
Skull
Mandible
Humerus
Ulna
RadiusVertebra
Pelvic
Femur
Tibia

Right

3+
3

4 (2 of which arc
combined)

17

14
7

·1
5

8
12

4

16
10

1
16
10

Homo sapiens LINNAEus
Humerus1

Besides, some fragments of costa andskull were found but they are not worthwhile mentioning. It is noticeable thatmost of the collected remains are longbones or somewhat large parts of skeletons, and these bones are of different
stages of growth, varying from maturity
to juvenile. Nearly one half of the individuals are separate from epiphysialline, showing a considerably young stage.
The humerus of Homo sapiens is fiat
.and delicate, much smaller than modern
Japanese. It is smaller even for awoman. The both ends are missing.
Osteologically this bone suggests a jomon
age type or even older (according toProf. H. SuzUKI and Dr. B. ENDO).
Discussion :-The animal remains fromthe Hiraodai plateau bear a fairly important meaning when compared withthe living fauna. In particular, the writers would like to emphasize here thecharacteristics and significance of the
Macaca-Homo assemblage as obsen·ed inchamber 2. Such a large amount ofMacaca remains is quite unique and has
never been recorded so far.
Throughout the Japanese Islands, excepting Hokkaido, a large number ofi\Iacaca are living. Ecological studies of
their groups in various parts of thecountry have much advanced with theefforts of the Primates Research Groupof Kyoto University and others. Nevertheless, there still remain some difficulties
in discussing the character of fossil remains from the hitherto obtained knowledge about living individuals. Discussion in this paper is based on the depositional environments, with reference tofossil examples observed in some other
districts. As to the condition underwhich the Macaca remains were deposited, the surface of the clay bed in chamber 2 is inclining toward chamber 1, apparently showing a state of an inflow.
The bones are not destroyed in spite of
their occurrence among large blocks ofrocks, and this may be explained thatafter the fall of rocks the clay flowed
into the cave and filled the interspacesof rocks. The fact that the remains aremostly long bones and minute fragments
are not found may be attributable to akind of sorting in the depositional process. This is also verified by the occurrence of some small fragments in chamber 1 (supposing the water flowed fromchamber 2 into chamber 1). However,the cause of deposition of such abundantremains, as many as for 17 individuals
varying from adult to young as if constituting one group, is still unknown.
To explain this aggregation of remains
two cases may be considered. One ofthem is mass dying of a group of monkeys for some reason or other. The othercase is a long-term accumulation of deadbodies. In the former case, the following
reasons can be given : (1) a contagious
disease in the group, (2) starvation due536.

.Macaca and Horno from Ojikado-cnve

to shortage of food, (3) death from cold
during severs winter months, (4) unforeseen accidents such as flood and landsilde,(5) damage given by human. The lattercase implies that the cave served as anatural trap.
According to a personal communicationof Dr. Masao KAWAI. a group of monkeys,
named K. group inhabiting the vicinityof Kankakei on the island of Shodo-jima,
Seto Inland Sea, has been observed, by~vir. Munechika YAMADA and others. to
go in and out of caves all the year round.
However. existence of remains in a mass
has not been reported. As an example
of mass death, it is said that the monkeys
which inhavited an island of Hiroshima
Prefecture, the island where the Itsukushima Shrine is located. were totally annihilated by disease in about 1884 or 1885,
and dead bodies were found everywhere.
However, this information is nothing but
an oral communication and there remains
no record that verifies the disaster. Oneof the femurs shows a sign of caries (Pl.
1. fig. 1r). which is probably due to a
fracture of the bone, judging from othersimilar cases. In the anatomical observations of living individuals, too. fractureof femur is often recognized (according
to the talk of Dr. Mitsuo IWAMOTO), sothat the above-mentioned sign of caries
is not so significant as to point out theexistence of any epidemic disease.
An unforeseen disaster or an extreme
lowering of temperature can be a causeof mass destruction, but the writers haveno positive evidence of such events orcomparable references.
As to the possibility of natural trap,
there are known cases of a considerable
number of Macaca remains occurring in
the caves in various parts of the country,
but in each case the remains were foundin a vertical hole, and were mostly located at about just below the hole's entrance.

227

Some examples are given below.
Furen-shindo cave, Oita Prefecture ..
.......................... 2 skulls
Hato-ana cave. Hiraodai, Kitakyushu
City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 skull
Kuriyama-no-ana, Yamaguchi Prefecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 skeletons
Sugiedo cave, Yamaguchi Prefecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 skeletons
Okimigahata-no-ana cave, Mie Prefecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 skeletons
These bones were obtained only by
surface collection in the course of caving,so the number will increase if excavation
is carried out. The above records suggest that the monkeys fellinto verticalholes for some reason or other. Though
the reason is unknown, the significanceof caves serving as natural trap is im·
portant. In the case of the Ojikado-cave
also, the writers provisionally hold a viewthat the cave was a sort of natural trap
for the animals, and their remains. once
concentrated where they fell. were transported later and secondarily aggregatedat the locality of collection, and thatduring the transportation the bones were
subjected to sorting.
Occurrence of Macaca remains in Pleistocene cave deposils is known in various
parts of the country (SHIKAl\IA. 1945;
SIIIKAMA and 0KAFUJI, 1958; T AKAI,
1959; SIIIKAMA and HASEGAWA, 1962;
T AKAI and HASEGAWA. 1966; NAORA. 1954etc.), but all the reamins are partial andincomplete. It is interesting that coexisting mammalian fossils are also fragmentary. This may indicate that individual
bodies were broken into parts and decomposed in a long lapse of time.
However, the above-mentioned view ofthe writers is not plausible enough.
Because, in caves or fissures that are
generally regarded as natural traps,
animal remains are of fairly variable

228

Yoshikazu HASEGAWA. et al.

kinds and of considerable amounts, as
observed in the Hato-ana cave or at thechamber 1 of the Ojikado-cave, whereas
the Afacaca-Homo assemblage consists
only of two species, which is quite unusual. It is probable that the existenceof Homo is a clue to solve the problem,
although the writers are unable to give
any reasonable explanation.
Age :-So far as known at present, no
fossils in the Ojiako-cave point out adefinite age. It is still unknown whether
tne polished surface of the fragmentary
dental plate of elephant is attributable
to a natural agency or to human work.
The remains in found in chamber 1 indude the kinds which were apparently
transported from chamber and also theremains of living kinds such as terrapin
and fox, making the age determination
very difficult.
But, as to the Macaca-Home remains
in chamber 2, it can be concluded thatthe remains are older than the living
kinds, as inferred from the depositional
environment, and that the shape and size-of the human burners suggest an age as-old as, or even older than, jomon age.
·On the basis of the epirical knowledge,
the age of the cave deposits is considered
to be late Pleistocene or latest stage of
middle Pleistocene.

Conclusion{!) The assemblages of animal remains
at three localities in the Ojikado-cavewere described and their characteristics
were discussed.
{2) In particular, the peculiarity of the
Macaca-Home assemblage was pointed
out and its significance was discussed.
Although the data are deficient for age
determination, the assemblage seems tobelong to the jomon period or somewhat
older than that.
(3) In some respects, the cave or fissure would be reasonable regarded as
natural trap.
(4) The remains from the Ojikadocave, along with those from the 60 m
deep llato-ana (vertical hole), were listed.
the list reveals that considerably variable
kinds of vertebrates inhabited the Hiraodai plateau in the past.
References
HAl\IADA, S. et al. (1952): Hiraodai Karst.
Vol. I, (No. 1-3), 44p. (in Jap.) Rigakkaishi, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
lL~s£GAWA, Y. (1964a): Preliminary reporton the Gansuiji Formation and Its fauna.
Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nail. Univ., Sec. II,
pp. 71-78.
- - (196•lb): Discovery of the remains of
the common otter from Ojika-do (lime-

Explanation of Plate 26
Figs. la-lr. Right femur of Macaca fuscata BLYTH, (NSMP. No. 6178-1-18). la and lk arecollected from the chamber 1, and the other specimens from the chamber 2. lr isankylosed femur.
Figs. 2a-2n. Right humerus of Macaca juscata BLYTH, (NSMP. No. 6172-1-14).
Figs. 3a and 3b. Left humerus of Homo sapiens Lil"J\AElls, outer and posterior sides respectively,(NSMP. No. 6641).
·
Figs. 4a and 4b. Right mandible of Lutra lutra LINNAIWS, buccal, ligual and occlusal sides
respectively, (NSMP. No. 6165).
Figs. Sa and 5b. Fragmental plate of Palaeoloxodon naumanni (MAKIYA~IA), anterior or posterior side, (NSMP. No. 6164).

HASEG AWA, YAMAUCHI and 0KAFUJI :V ertebrates from Oji lcado

Plate 26

lq

lr
2a

2b

2c

2d

2e

2f

4c

4a

3b

2g

2h

2i

2j

2k

21

2m

2n

536.

Macaca and Homo j?·om Ojikaclo-ca.ve

stone cave), lliraodai (Karst plateau),
Kyushu, Japan. jour. A/amm. Soc. japan.,Vol. 2, No.3, pp. 82-84, 1 text-fig. (in Jap.).
KAWAI, M. (1964): Ecology of the japanesemonkey. Tokyo. (in Jap.).
Ktr>:OSIIITA, K. et al. (1953): Hiraodai Karst.
Vol. II (No. 1-4), 48p. Kokura City. (inJap.).
KtYOIIARA, S. (1961) : Geologic structure of
Palaeozoic limestone of Kyushu District. Bull.
Geol. Survey japan, vol. 12, No. 3, p. 244.
(in Jap.).
KoKURA High School (1960) : Studies of Hiraodai Plateau. 36p., Kokura High School. (inJap.).
MATSU~IOTO, T. (1951): An outline of thefundamental geologic structure in North Kyushu and West Chugoku. Sci. Rep. Fac.
Sci., Kyushu Univ., Geol., Vol. Ill, No. 2,
pp. 37-48, 1 map. (in Jap.).
- - et al. (1961) : Kyushu District, regional
geology of japan. Tokyo. (in Jap.).
MIYASHtTA, M. and N. KASHIMA (1962):
Geological considerations on the meandered caves of the Hirao-dai Karst, Kyushu.,Mem. Ehime Univ., Sec. II (Sci.), Ser. D(Earth Sci.), Vol. IV, No. 3, pp. 27-39.
(in Jap.).
NAORA, N. (1954) : Old stone age in japan.
298p. Waseda Univ., Tokyo. (in Jap.).

229

OI<U~Il.

Y. and H. Ir-;ou~o:, (1953): Limestone
deposit at north-eastern part of Hiraodai,
Fukuoka Prefecture. Bull. Geol. Survey
japan, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 209-214. (in Jap.).
SHIKAMA, T. (1949) : The Kuzui.i ossuaries
geological and palaeontological studies ofthe limestone fissure deposits, in Kuzuii,
Totigi Prefecture., Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ.,
Sendai, jap., 2nd Ser. (Geol.) Vol. XXIII,
201p. with XXXII pls.
- - , and G. OKAFCJI (1958): Quaternarycave and fissure deposits and their fossilsin Akiyoshi District, Yamaguti Prefecture,
Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nat/. Univ., Sec. II,
No. 7, 103p. XV. pis.
- - , and Y. HASEGAWA (1962): Discoveryof the fossil giant salamander (Megalobatrachus) in Japan, Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S., No. 45, pp. 197-200.
TAKA!, F. (1959) : Das gcologische Alter derUshikawa-Spaltc. (in Entdekung cines
pleistozanen hominidcn Humerus in Zentral Japan.). Anthrop. Anz. Jg. 23, 2/3.
232-235.
- - , and Y. HASEGAWA (1966): Vertebrate
fossils from the Gansuiji Formation. (inHamakita-man and the site of Nekata
limestone quarry at Hamakita), jour.
Anthropological Soc. Nippon, Vol. 74, Nos.
750-751, pp. 55-67.

---- --------------------------Hiraodai
Seiryukutsu
Furen-shindo
Kuriyama-no-ana
Okimigahata-no-ana

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230
PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

13 *il',.E~~~ln 97 @){lilj~li. 1967 ~ 9 fj 23
1:1 (±) lf~ 1 a!;J: IJ. JIDiU:!I!f. II}I';M~Itli~fillt:.t<>v'-c~nllli~ht: (~1Jn.fr· 35 il).

t&f·ftll~O)~/AH:I.\<1-T M~lmllli.. · · · · · · i:!Wll- 93

Microfossils of the lowest part of the Taishaku Limestone (Studies of the strati·
graphy and the microfossil faunas of the
Carboniferous and Permian Taishaku
Limestone in West Japan, No. 4) ..... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kimiyoshi SADA
Distribution of living planktonic Foraminifera in the eastern Indian Ocean· ..... .
............................ Hiroshi UJIIE
f~xi~Jll!O)"fFfL!.lu: -?v'-c ............ ~mmc
)YtjiiJft.l:l!!O)h :/7'!.1 7"'dt1:i/M~ ...... Jj>f*J:l-o*~~~~~m~~m~. &6~:/~~~A

r:W-:i*i7 :/71:1Jili"·Mil!.~ . t'l1=.~J 11. 1967 &f 11
11 3 13 (:lfi) · 4 13 (±) jilij A ::::bt: 1.J , )f!;lt*~Jm~illl!1i!'¥£*='¥i:-&t:.:t.;v ·-c!J!HIIi~ ;fl,f:<~nnr.·42 ~) .
~:/~~~A r•m7:/7~00i"~.I:1!!-·E±~J

jgl$ .1:1!! 'l'iMountain fH Baguio 0) Miraodr 15Fk~ ....

.................... · .. · t~;;j>: li · {!r:ifj jEMarinduque ,(}jO)!'Ii!I£!"'-O)t:fLj.............. .
........................ t,r'* B. · i!i:Kf! lli~ :/ !-' P .fh~mi1!tf\t0) Manslay-Bongabon f1·'"'* ][ .

ili:O)~~* ....... ......
f!i:liii lli
Reconnaissance survey of the geotectonics
around the eastern Philippine Arc andBisayan Basin .............. Nobu KITAMURA, Saburo KAN:-10 & Tamio KoTAKA
tr~· Rif~~J.ff.r c ;;j>:;ltjO)J!flf*/tO);t.tlt1::00 i" Q:::: • ~O)fllJJili ............ r11JII:J,..;j;: · .fl:M~

MU~7 :/7<DI'Iiffi~~e.liY~ff11:-?'v''C.................................. ,l,#~:-'l!,g2~

11~~'" 'l :/ 0/.;0) sill!fei'fmtHFfL!l!.Rf.

... · . · itli!Wi'tn"b :/7' 1J 7 ~l.::talt o ·i\{i•Jft.l:l!!O)E .l:l!!:mlt~~

WO)~~ · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. · · · · .... ·'H~~Some gastropods from the Millerella Zoneof the Akiyoshi Limestone Group (Molluscan paleontology of the Akiyoshi
Limestone Group. Pt. IV) .. Tamio NISHIDA
Upper limit of the Cretaceous Futaba Group.
............................ Ikuwo OBATA
Some Miocene limid fossils from the areaaround the Wanibuchi Mine, Izumo Province, Southwest Japan (ft~) ...
...... Kazuo OKAMOTO & Mitsuo NAKA:-10

mt-£ · :::im~~. lf!l16J!*fiMtn·t70)lf:fi ..... .
. ................................. W;;f;:mtl~{
On Tertiary cyprinid fishes from Mae Sot
Basin, Thailand .......... Teruya UYE="O~t,11- :1 :/Mountain ~HO)tf;li!Tijtt{'O)itll·. · ·........ ·............ ·..

f~* IT · fti~ .IE
Fusulinacean fossils from Thailand, Pt. III.
Maklayia, a new Permian Fusulinacean
genus from central Thailand ......... .
Kameloshi KANMERA & Ryuzo TORIYAMA
5t1 Rat Buri :f-iEJ({'_:·lf!O)it/j£!iJ.{t:Ut:-?'v'L ..

.................................. ~J:i!l~Upper Triassic pelecypods from Singapore .
. . Teiichi KODAYASIII & Minoru TAMURA"'~ :t-1 .libln~*O)ft1·ill!.l.:E'ffl .......... I§[~~:'J}
it i~ 1:1Jfll R ft ifr ilE J'H t 1i 1::-? 'v ' -c . . . . . . . . . . . .

........................ ~m~~ll · ~R JmM
5l1'J:/::Z../--''""'?'1)................ Jj\iflj~;k7- r*!£0)1i1!~1t7:it:.-?'v'-c ........ !1tra~-!nmi'Y;H18.'.17k6t:l~ O);:(Hm fe~Wl-G l:k~'oiO)~ftill'l:I

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A
IJ*45-!ii!

(~c t..-ciJlt~llJ)0):/Jt-lt.-fe::: I t:/ 1·1:-?v'-c ............ +it!!.t~f.::. m~P.&:J...~
lfl*'fllt Thalassi11a .................. 4-Jittliil
Dosinia kaneharai YoKOYA~IA and its related species ............ Koichiro MAsUDA
71 IJ 7 1::':/0).I:l!!!'HMJ!I:-?v'-c ..... .
B:

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2:31
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Jlirtl!::..t;lt.Q Nilssonia Q.)j!{t ....... -itr,n-!JJ

On a new species of Dictyophyllum (Dipteridaceae) from the Upper Triassic
Formation in Southwest Japan ........ .
.......................... Gentaro NAITOf).;i!f 1i!.ik.611':1lftl1t Codonojusiella 1::. -?v ·"( ..

.................................. :n.m ~Lower Permian brachiopods from western
central Shikoku. Japan ............... .
.... Juichi YANAGIDA & Motome HIRATA
Some gastropods from the Middle Permian
Takaoka Formation, Shikoku ......... .
.......................... Tamio NISHIDA~ Y ~P/ihiflf.:.J ... 7~=:f!.<:J'l.~fll!l::-?v·-c. .. .. .. .. .. ..

....

. ............ 1!£7.k .f*
ill!!!f:YtJi*.
Evolution of the Nostoceratidae (Cretaceous=-~J'l.Q.)~.Jl!:~~~(tj::J&·~~ .. iJ!!7.lc

heteromorph ammonoids) ............. .
.................... Tatsuro MATSUlvlOTO
A new heteromorph ammonoid genus fromthe Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido ....
Tatsuro MATSUMOTO & Yasumitsu KA:'\IE
Two interesting heteromorph ammonoids
from Hokkaido .................. .
Tatsuro MATSUMOTO & Tatsuo MURAMOTO
Eocene Molluscs from the coal-fields of
Kyushu, Japan ........ Yasuhiko KAMADA
A revised classification of the group of Nassarius Du:o.ttRIL, 1806, of the family

Nassariidae ................ Tsugio SHu To
On some Cenozoic cheloniids from North
Kyushu ................ Hiroyuki 0TSt:KA
On a new species of Elaphurus from the
Akashi Group .......... Hiroyuki OTSUKA
Biostrasigraphy of the Upper Carboniferousof the Kitaosoki Formation, Southeast
Kanto Massif. .......... Tomowo OzAWA
On the geographical and stratigraphicaldistribution of the Upper Paleozoic algal
remains in the Circum-Pacific regions ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Riuji E:-;oo
7 -i lJ ~· :.---fflii~ffl.iU£ =r 7- Q.) Discoasterids 1::.
-:>It•"( ............................ ~IJJ(t[IJ2l1r~*·~o:klllf-tlfo 01 ii'J:TQ.)~fil!lln....... .

· · .. · ................... n*IRIU · *lJlUt~:<:=.im~W~i.l·l? Q.)", -?il- Q.).!f~fril! - !e::fifrJij: iH'L
!1!.1::. -?It •"( ..................... . f!i *W!Hf{

Jl!lJllflOJitt£ c -'tOJtfj:_~~~"-O)Jt:/H ( =f*li) ..
. ................................. ffi!~iX~
Biogenic pyrite from the Cretaceous formation of Sakhalin and Hokkaido ....... .
. ........................... George KA To~~~!ft!J~Q.)-~Q.)-~

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Regulations for Publication in Transactions and Proceedings of
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