a .ft-- -l:t i. ~ ~ ~~~·!c.t
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 57

Palaeontological Society of Japan
April 30th, 1965

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

4.82.

Revision of the Takagami Conglomerate. Choshi Peninsula. and Descrip·
tions of the Permian Bryozoa from its Limestone Pebbles ........... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sumio SAKAGAMI

483.

Some Cephalopods in the Permian Faunule of Takakura-yama. Fukushima
Prefecture, Japan (with a Note on the Geology of the District by Jchiro
YANAGISAWA and Mamoru NEMOTO) .................. Jchiro I-iAYASAKA

484.

Discovery of Marine Shells from the Kunohe Terrace Deposits. Kuji City,
Iwate Prefecture .................... Kotora HAT AI and Rikizo J:..IAIZUMI

48;).

8
28

A Sting Ray and Eagle Ray from the Tatsunokuchi Formation (Pliocene)in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture. japan ............................. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kotora 1L\ TAl, rvlasafumi MURATA and Koichiro l'viASUDA

34

PROCEEDINGS .. . . .. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . .

38

Honorary President : Hisakatsu Y ABEPresident : Kiyoshi ASANO
Councillors:

Kiyoshi ASA1'\0 (Editor of " Fossils"). 1-Iaruyoshi FUJIMOTO, Tetsuro

HA:\AI (Editor of Transactions and Preceedings), Wataru HASHI~IOTO (Treasurer), Kotora 1-l:\TAI, lchiro HAYASAKA, Koichiro ICHIKAWA, Teiichi KoBAYASHI, Tatsuro 1\IATSU:\IOTO (Editor for Special Papers). ~Iasao MI:-o:ATO,
Hiroshi OzAKI (Planning). Tokio SH!KAMA (!vlembership}. Fuyuji

TAKA!

(Chairman of Executive Councillors' Committee). Taro KA~AYA. Ryuzo ToRIYAMA

Secretaries:

Takashi HAMADA. Hisayoshi leo. Yokichi TAKA YA!\AGI

Assistant Secretary : Takeo lcHlKAW A

The fossil on the front page is Fecle11 takahashii '{oKOYA:\IA. 1930.

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute. Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S .. No. 5i. pp. 1-7. pl. 1. April 30. 1965-l8~.

REVISION OF THE TAKAGAJ\H CONGLOMERATE. CHOSHIPENINSULA. AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PER3IIAK
BRYOZOA FROM ITS LIMESTONE PEBBLES*
SUMIO SAKAGAMI
Department of Geology. Hokkaid6 Gakugei University

JiFt-'l~~~il'li~!lfal!:'f:Q)jrfjljtJ.t

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c ::C.l£-"'t.:. i t.::Ufjl(:fi~•I•Q)If.£1Ht:n 3 ti!i (1 ~R\. 2 ~Jifil\) ~lli!l\tl..L:!iLl:~~

Introduction and aclmowledgements

and stated that it belongs to the Usuginu-type conglomerate from the natureof the pebbles of plutonic origin associated with thosC' of metamorphic derivation and that it is noteworthy that there
are many characters common especially\Vith Usuginu conglomerate (upper Per·mian) at Yukizawa of Rikuzen-Takada
City, lwate Prefecture and the Ozima
conglomerate (lower Triassic) of Okachimachi. Miyagi Prefecture. H. OzAKI(1959) stated, in his elaborate report,.
that the limestone pebbles in the Takagami conglomerate seem to indicate an
autochtonous origin and that the geological age may be upper Permian(Yabeina zone). S. l\1AEDA (1959). however. from the mode of appearance ofthe limestone pebbles in the conglomerate, stated that the limestone pebbles
should be thought to be a distinctly
exotic deposit and the age of the conglomerate is post-uppermost Permian.
The writer studied the fusulinid assemblages from each limestone pebble

There are many studies on the geology
and paleontology of the Choshi Peninsula.
Chiba Prefecture. The Takagami conglomerate which was named originallyby KANO (1958) is exposed only in the
Takagami Quarry, about 2 km south of
Choshi City. Although it is well known
that Permian fossils occur in abundancefrom the limestone pebbles in the Takagami conglomerate, there are somedifferent opinions on the geological age
and the origin of the conglomerate.
N. l<ANOMATA eta{. (1958) stated thatthe deposition of the Takagami conglomerate is post-Lepidolina zone in age,and can be correlated with the uppermost Permian Toyama series of theKitakami massif notwithstanding themuch different lithofacies.
H. KA~O(1958) made a petrological study of thepebbles of the Takagami conglomerate* Received July 24. 1964; read September
20. 1964 at Hiroshima.
1

~

Table:

Species
Sc!luberlella sp. A

Fusulinids and Bryozoa from the pebbles of the Takagami conglomerate.

- - - -Pebbles-- -- _

SchuberFt1lasp-:-H

1

2

3

'I

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

H

~~
15

16

+ -------- ---- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - + + ___ + ___ - - + ---------++ -- -- -- -- + - -- --- +?- -- -+i'arabouJTiiii{a-inuboensis CHISi\KA--~- T------+_Reich-cli11a?sp.
- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SChwager ina· ·pseudocrassa KAN:\IIORA-Schwagerina sp.
------------- ---- ------Pseudofusulina ambigua (OEPRAT)-f-- - - - - - -- --Pseudofusulilia sp. A (vulgaris type)-Psmu{ojusulina sp. B+ ----------------------------Ps(mdi)/usiliilra-sji:-c------ -- ciiliseilena-1.-hosiliensis CHISAKA
T_J::IIii~e'.~'-~!Gsi~(5i1iallcr type)+ .:.::.::__ __±_ _-_+? +~Psetulodo/iafina sp.
+-Kiihferina /lllaz_vtlwca KociiANsK v-uEviu(: &-H,,~,ovs-~-Yabei1ia shiraiwensis OzAwA-1-abeina gubleri KANMERA.1-abeina sp.
----+-----~+----~-+--++------ -- ----+ ---- - + - - --------

==

--+--

Leioclema?· choshiensis SAKAGAMI. n. sp.
Fistulipora sp. indet.
Sulcoretepora
sp. indet.
Typesof Fusuhmd
Assemblage
i-Number of "I'hin Sections!Boundary-Cine of Pebble and Matrix

TypL'S

r\:
{ B:

C:

bearing Pf. ambigua and clc. andcontaining no Neoschwagerininae.
bearing Yabeina shiraiwensis.
bearing Yabeina gubleri.

1-

+

=

===--=====----===+·:m-~~---~.~-mT
B C"""i3CCor C"""i31216"""1"4_1_

C-1- 61315_4_7--8()_5_ 91Tf

_i___i_s_i-s-SI_u___s ___s___u_usC""""""SusCSI

Boundary Liner~.

==== ~+ ---------- ---+ ----+
_.=
--+
+ +
+ +
------++ ---__ + +
____
++
____
+ ______+_+_----+--++ ___ ++ _____ ++-- --=0irregulars: smoothsi: smooth but partly irregularu: unknown

0

Cr.l
~

.,...

C)

~

482.

'l'alcagami Conglomerate and J>ennian Btyozoa

in the Takagami conglomerate to determine whether the limestone pebbles in
the conglomerate are autochtonous or-exotic.
Here, the writer expresses his sincere
thanks to Dr. Hiroshi OzAKI of the
National Science Museum in Tokyo for
his donation of some limestone pebbles·of the Takagami conglomerate for study
and lo Professor Kotora HATAI of the
Tohoku University for his kindness inreading the manuscript.
Discussion of the Takagami
Conglomerate

The 16 limestone pebbles examined
before and after slicing are all brownishgray in color. Some of the boundarylines between the pebble and the matrix
are distinct and very smooth, whereas
others are indistinct and irregular. In
some cases. these two types (smoothand irregular) are observed along thesame boundary line of pebble and matrix.
From the fusulinid assemblage, the limestone pebbles can be classified into three
types, namely :Type A: Bearing Pseudofusulina ambif!ua, Pf. sp. A, Pf. sp. B, Sclwberle/la sp. A and containing no
Neoschwagerininae.
Type B: Bearing Yabeina slziraiwensis in abundance and otherfusulinids.
Type C: Bearing Yabeina g ubleri inabundance and other fusulinids.
Occasionally, it is observed in all types<lf the pebbles, that the fusulinid individuals are cut off at the boundary line.
From the above mentioned facts, thewriter considers that:
1) The age of the limestone pebble ofType A corresponds to the lower part<lf the Parafusu/ina zone from its fusu-

linid assemblage.
2) The ages of the limestone pebblesof Type B and C are both correlativewith that of the Yabeina zone.
3) Since the above mentioned three
types of limestone pebbles point to atleast two different geological ages, it isdifficult to consider that all of thepebbles were deposited primarily andcontemporaneously. Therefore, the limestone pebbles are certainly of an exotic
deposit as mentioned by S. MAEDA.
4) From the boundary lines bet\veen
the pebble and matrix. it seems to be
impossible to consider that the conglomerate is composed of autochtonous
pebbles as H. OZAKI pointed out. Even
the boundary line of the pebble of TypeA (with Pseudofusulina ambigua. andetc.. and corresponding in age to thelower part of the Parafusulina zone) is
indistinct and irregular.
5) The writer could not obtain satis
factory data on the geological age of
the Takagami conglomerate. However,in the writer's opinion with the consideration of previous views of N.
KAl\OMATA et al. (1958), H. KA~O (1958),
H. OZAKI (1959) and S. l\1AEDA (1959),
the age of the conglomerate should bepost- Yabeina zone because all of thelimestone pebbles of the conglomerate
are of exotic origin. Furthermore. theirregular shape of the limestone pebbles,
the mode of occurrence and the otherevidences suggest that the chronologicalinterval between the age of the pebbles
to deposition of the conglomerate may
be not so long. Therefore, the writeris led to support KANOl\IATA et al.'s
opinion that the Takagami conglomerate
may be correlated with the Toyoma
series of the Kitakami massif. although
the latter consists of very fine sedimentary rocks (slate) and the former of4

Sumio S.4K..4GAMIvery coarse grained facies (conglomerate).
In 1958, the writer reported on theupper Permian limestone conglomerates(the Tamanouchi and Nishinoiri conglomerates) containing fusulinids of theFusulinella to Yabeina zones from thesoutheastern part of Kwanto massif.
The Takagami conglomerate is considered to be correlated with the conglomerate of the Kwanto massif. although some differences in the lithofacies and fusulinid assemblages in thepebbles between them are recognized.

Some Remarks on the Fusulinids
The fusulinid fauna from the pebblesof the Takagami conglomerate werealready described and illustrated by T.
CHJSAKA (1960). He discriminated thefollowing 14 species: Reichelina sp.,
Rauserella sp .. Paraboultonia inuboensis
CJJJSAKA, Pseudofusu/ina ozallii CHJSAKA.
Pf. tamanouchie11sis SAKAGA:\11, Pf. sp ..
Chusenella choshie11sis CHISAKA, Pseudodoliolina pseudolepida gravitesta KA:\·MERA.
Neoschwagerina talwgamiensis
CmsAKA. Yabei·iw shiraiwensis OzAWA.
Y. columbiana (DAWSON), Y. gubleri
KANMERA, Y. lwloi (OZAWA) and Y.
proboscis CHEN. and he pointed that thefauna seems to be most closely related
to those from the Kuma formation.
These species discriminated by CHISAKA
well agree with the writer's specimens
which were found in the thin slices
made from the pebbles of Type B and C.
The writer discriminated 17 speciesof fusulinids and their distributions areshown in the table. Among the writer's
species, Schubertella sp. A. Pseudojusulina ambigua (DEPRAT). Pf. sp. A.
and Pf. sp. B were found from thepebble of Type A and the age from thespecific assemblage can be distinguishedfrom those in the pebbles of Type B
and C. Schubertella sp. A resembles
Schubertella cf. irumensis FUJJl\IOTO
which SAKAGAMI (1958) reported fromthe limestone pebble of the Tamanouchi
conglomerate in the northern part ofltsukaichi. Kwanto massif. Schubertella
irumensis was described originally by
FUJil\IOTO (1936) from the limestone of
Asamido and Sozugawa in Saitama Prefecture in association with Pseudojusulina ambigua, Pj. japonica, Pf.
vulgaris var. globosa, Pf. kraffti, Pf.
granum-avenae. 1\lisel/ina c/audiae. and
Neoschwagerina craliculzfera. Pseudojusulilla ambigua is known from various
localities of the lower part of the Parajusulina zone in japan. Pseudofusulina
sp. A which was examined by only tw(}not well oriented thin sections resembles
Pf. vulgm·is in the thick spirotheca,coarse alveolar structure and having
phrenotheca. Pseudojusulina sp. B somewhat resembles Pf. japonica but can be
distinguished therefrom in detail. From
the above, the age of the pebble ofType A may correspond to the lower
part of the Parafusulina zone.
With regard to the genus Yabeina, Y.
shiraiwensis and Y. gubleri are neverfound in the same pebble, the latter
species occurs only in the pebble ofType C and the former in that of TypeB. and ~pe two species can be distinguished from one another in the sizeof the proloculus, thickness of spirotheca,
and mode of axial septula and secondarytransverse septula. Yabeina sp. (Figs.
13, 14 in Plate 1) which occurs from thepebbles of Type B and C has a verysmall proloculus, and the essential characters are very similar to those of }'.
globosa. Yabeina globosa and Y. shiraiu·ensis or Y. gubleri have not been

482.

Ta/wgwmi Couulomerate and Permian Bryozoa

known to occur from the same geologicalhorizon and their geological ranges werediscussed by KA\1:\IERA (1953, 1954}, HAI\ZAWA and \luRATA (1963) and others.
It is very interesting to the writer that
Y. NoGAMI (1961) described and illustrated Yabeina sp. A and B, both ofwhich have very small proloculus and arevery similar to Y. globosa as mentioned
by NoGA)II!, from the Yabeina shiraiw.ensis zone of the Atetsu plateau.
Description of Bryozoa
Leioclema? choshiensis SAKAGAMI, n. sp.
Plate 1, Figures a-10.

Zoarial observations- Five sections
were examined : two tangential, twolongitudinal and one oblique. Zoarium
encrusting and seems to have been
attached to foreign substance which
was obliterated. Thickest part of zoarium about 2 mm.
Ta11gential section.-Zooecia pentagonal-or quadrate in immature zone and circular in mature zone, usually 7 to 8
zooecia in 2 mm. Diameter of zooecia·0.222 mm in average, ranging from 0.192
mm to 0.256 mm (5·1 measurements) inmature zone. \lesopores rarely present
and circular, its diameter 0.096 mm to·0.128 mm.
Zooecial wall thin in immature zone, measuring 0.02~1 mm to·0.0-10 mm, but becoming a thick wall inmature zone, measuring 0.04 mm to·0.0&1 mm. Acanthopores prominent. disposed at each point of intersection ofzooecial wall and surrounded by darkcolored concentric [i brous tissue. and·separated from zooccial wall material ;its inner and outer diameters 0.01 mm
to 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm to 0.10 mm,
respectively.
Longitudinal section.-Zooecial tubes

5straight and arise at right angle fromcoenolasma.
Immature zooecial tube
very short. \Vall-sides of mature zone
very smooth. Zooecial wall laminae
trend approximately parallel to longitudinal directions of zooecia for a shortdistance before curving into zooecial
boundaries.
Diaphragms in zooecial
tube thin, complete and slightly concave.
and 1 or 2 diaphragms in a tube. Diaphragms in mesopores indistinct .
Remarks :-There is some doubt ofincluding the present specimens in thegenus Leioclema because there are no
diaphragms observable in the mesopores
and of the rarely developed mesoporcs.
However, the present species may be
included in the genus because of thefollowing characters: zooecia without
moniliform, diaphragms complete andacanthopore conspicuously developed.
The present species resembles Leioclema
globosa which was described originallyfrom the Nura Nura member of thePoole sandstone of Western Australia
by CROCKFORD (1957) and recorded fromthe lower part of the Kanokura seriesof Kamiyatsuse, Kitakami massif. Japan
by St\KAGAl\11 (1961). but the present
species differs from the latter by theshorter zooecial tube and more coarsely
developed diaphragms in the zooecial
tube.
Occurrence:- The present form occm-red from a limestone pebble of Type
13 of the Takagami conglomerate. The
associated fusulinids are Paraboultonia
inuboensis CHISAKA. Chusenella choshiensis CIIISAKA, Pseudodoliolina sp., Kahlerina pachylheca KOCHANSKY-DEVIllf.:& RA:>.wvs and Yabeina shiraiwensis
OZAWA.
Reg. nos. 5824 (holotype). 5816, 5818,
5825, 5828 (paratypes).

S~tmio SAKA.GAMI(j

Fistulipora sp. indet.
. Plate I. Figures 1. 2.

Zoarium lamellate. about 1.2 mm to
1.8 mm in thickness. Zooecial tubes
straight from the proximal to distal
ends, rather large and circular or oval
in tangential section. Their larger diameter 0.32 mm to 0.43 mm and about
the same from inner to outer tube.
There are usually three zooecia per
2 mm.
Lunarium well developed inzooecial tube of mature zone. about
0.08 mm thick. occupying about one thirdof zooecial circumference. lnterspaces
between zooecial tubes filled by welldeveloped vesicular tissue which isregularly arranged in longitudinal rows.
subquadrate in longitudinal section andirregularly polygonal in tangential section. One to three rows of vesicles
in interspace between zooecial tubes.
Stereom covering vesicular tissue almost
lacking. Diaphragms absent.
Remarl?s :-The present form resembles F megasloma SAKAGAl\11 (1961)
which was described from the lower
part of the Kanokura series of Kamiyatsuse, Kitakami massif. Japan inmany respects. However, the incomplete materials at hand are insufficientfor specific decision.
Occurrence:- The present form occurred from a limestone pebble of Type C.
The associated fusulinids are Schwagerina pseudocrassa KANMERA, Chusenella sp .. Kahlerina pachytheca KocHANSKY·
DEVIIJE & RAMOVS,
Yabeina gub/eri
KA!\MERA and l'. sp.
Reg. nos. 5875. 5876.

Sulcoretepora sp. indet.
Plate 1. Figures ll. 12.

Only two oblique sections were examined. Zoarium bi foliate. Meso theca
apparently a closely joined bouble layer,
reaching surface at edge of zoarium.
Thickness of zoarium about 1.2 mm andwidth uncertain on account of bad oriented section. Zooecial tube arise frommesotheca. straight or gradually curved.
Zooecium circular to oval in tangential
section. its diameter 0.16mm to 0.176mm.
Vesicular tissue poorly developed in
inner part of zoarium. and its size andarrangement indistinct.

Explanation of Plate 1
Figs. 1. 2. Fistulipora sp. indet.
1. Longitudinal section, 2. tangential section. x20, Reg. no. 5876.
Figs. 3-10. Leioclema? choshiensis SAKAGA~ll. n. sp.
3. 4. Longitudinal sections (holotype). x20, Reg no. 5824, 5. 6. enlarged parts of Figs. 3
and 4. respectively. X 60, 7. 8. tangential section, x20. Reg. no. 5825. 9, 10. enlarged
parts of Figs. 7 and 8. respectivelr, x60.
Figs. 11. 12. Sulcoretepora sp. indet.
Oblique sections. x20. Reg. nos. 5919 and 5924, respectively.
Figs. 13. 14. Yabeina sp.
13. Outer part of axial section. 14, inner part of the same section. x 60. Reg. no. 5910.
All of the specimens treated in this paper are presen·ed in the collection of the Department of Geology. Hokkaid6 Gakugei Universitr. Hakodate.

SAKAGAM!:

B ryozoa j1·orn Ch6schi$.\ Kf\GA'- 11 phot 0

Plate 1

482.

Taka.yami Conglomemte and l't!rtnian Bryozoa

Remarhs:- The present form may
belong to the genus Su/coretepora, but
the specific comparison is not possible
because there are only two incomplete
thin sections at hand.
Occurrencl' :-The present form occurred from a limestone pebble of Type B.
The associated fusulinids are Paraboullonia inuhoensis CHISAKA. Reichclina?
sp .. Schwagerina sp .. Chusenella choshil?llsis CHIS:\KA. 1\.ahlerina pachytheca
KOCII:\~SKY·OEVJOE &RA~Iovs.
and
Vabeina shiraiwensis OzAWA.
Reg. nos. 5919. 5924.
References
BASSLER. R. S. (1953) : Treatise on I11Vertebrate Paleontology. G. Bryozoa. Kansas
Unit·. Kansas Press. p. Gl-G25~.
CiliSAK.-\, T. (1960) : On Some Permian
Fusulinids from the Takagami Conglomerate. Choshi Peninsula. Chiba Prefecture. Japan. jour. Coli. Arts & Sci .. Chilw
Univ., Vol. 3. No. 2. p. 235-25·1. pl. 1-9.
CRocKFoRD. ]. (1957) : Permian Bryozoa
from the Fitzroy Basin. Western Australia. Commomcealth of .4ust .. Dept. Nat.
Det•e/opment. Bureau of Min. Res .. Geo/.
Geophysics. Bull. l'lo. 3•1. p. 1-13-1. pl. 1-21.
Ft.:JI~IOTo (lll;zi~IOTO). H. (Hl36):
Stratigraphica I and Palaeontological Studiesof the Titibu System of the Kwantol'vlountainland. Pt. 2. Palaeontology: Sci.
Rep. Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku. Sec. C. 1.
p. 29-12.1. pl. 1-26.
HA:XZAW.\, S. and MvRATA. M. (1963): The
Paleontologic and Stratigraphic Considerations on the Neoschwagerin inae andVerbeekininae. with the Descriptions ofSome Fusulinid Foraminifera from the
Kitakami Massif. Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ .. 2nd Ser .. Vol. 35. No. 1. p.
AsamidoItsukaichi
Okachi-machi
Usuginu~if4fi

Ii..Eii1i!t »J¥ Plf
Ti~

'N.

T

l<H. pl. 1-20.
KAI'W. H. (1958) : On a Granite-bearing·
Conglomerate from the Choshi Peninsula,
Chiba Prefecture. Japan. four. Geol. Soc.
japan, l'ol. 64. no. 757. p. 551-556. (injapanese 1dth English a!Jstract)
KANOMATA. N. et a/. (1958) : GeologicalStudy of the Choshi Peninsula. Studyof Synthesis (Late Mesozoic of japan).
Connection Paper of Study, Kyushu Univ ..
No. 7. p. 96-104 (in japanese)
KANMERA. K. (1953) : The Kuma Formation
with Special Reference to the Upper
Permian in Japan. jour. Geol. Soc. japan.
l'ol. 59. No. 697. p. 449-468. (in japanesewith English abstract)- - (195-1) : A Fusulinids from the Upper
Permian Kuma Formation. Southern
Kyushu. Japan. with Special Reference
to Fusulinid zone in the Upper Permianof Japan. Mem. Fac. Kyuslw Uni11 .. Ser.
D. Geol .. 1. p. 1-38. pl. 1-6.
MAEDA. S. (1959) : Geological Age of the
Takagami Conglomerate. jour. Coli. Arts
& Sci .. Chiba Uni1• .. Vol . .1, No. I. p. 7580. (in japanese tcith English abstract)
NocA~II, Y. (1961) : Permischc Fusuliniden
aus dem Atetsu-P1ateau Siidwestjapans.
Teil 2. Verbeekininae. Neoschwagerininae
u. a. Mem. Coli. Sci., Univ. Kyoto. Ser.
B. Vol. 28. No. 2. p. 159-228. pl. 1-7.
SAKAGAMI, S. (1958) : Conglomerates in theUpper Permian Srstem of the Northern
Part. of Itsukaichi. Tokyo-to. Japan. jub.
Pub/. Commem. Prof. H. FUJIMOTO sixtieth birthday. p. 91-95. (in japanesewith English abstract)- - (1958) : Fusulinids from the Permian
Conglomerates of the Northern Part of
Itsukaichi. Tokyo-to, Japan. jour. Hokkaid6 Gakugei Univ .. Vol. 9. No. 2. p.
72-97. pl. 1-4.
- - (1961): Japanese Permian Bryozoa.
Palal'ont. Soc. japan. SJ•ec. Papers No. 7.
p. 1-58. pl. 1-30.
Atetsu plateau
Kamiyatsuse
Sozugawa
Yukizawa

fiiJ ff fll:ll..if[

=w HI

~

iJ~

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 57, pp. H-27, pis. 2. 3, April 30, 1965

48:3. SO.i\IE CEPHALOPODS IN THE PERMIAN FAUNULE OF
TAKAKURA-YAMA. FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE. JAPAN(WITH A NOTE ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT.
BY ICHIRO YANAGISAWA AND MAMORU NEi\IOTO)ICHIRO HAYASAKA

1ii\J1,HIJ!.iillit'tu.J-''L- A ~~ft.:.Gll)'irj1 t1)jifi)i~J[ffli::""?\, ·-c : l~i.:.;!d;l&: L..t..: 2 tii{Q) ;t? A 7i 1 ~{(1)rm s bit1)ii2~c:J~t.:.~J<-too I!P..I1!!fti!it1)J1!!~~J\.f!illiR- -ml · HH>:";J'r~;ja;Q);id:$1;t. .:: ,::Q)fi::.Ut1)imll\t1)~J\ilt~1;Ui!lt..:aolc.ffi.Y.J-c~H.:.. ~rt-:.1.:. 1 tm~JC!•I~L. 7 A -c / 1
vtl.::.-?~o'-ct1),

trr.t·c:-a;,.:;,. '5-f{i.:.f/<..., -c 3 5t~tLt..:~.ftu.J)I\HIFli. "i'i~t!ffJ'+(t(JI.:.It. ~1..., ~ 'J IK~.i"~t"L~'iJ.IItl~t1)(1)J::)""C.'l<:f*ct...-cI.

Sosio stage ~~i'~t1)""C~-05.

Introduction¥ #'1- ~B

ammonoids especially attracted thewriter's attention. Some of these andLop!wplzyllum, IVentzelella, Parafusulina
and some others were mentioned in thelist. The geological age of the faunule
seems to have been approximately madeout.
Since then the members of Dokokai
have been earnestly engaged, in theirleisure times, in the geological and paleontological researches. The results of
their observations have been reported
from time to time in the succeeding
issues of their bulletins. Besides, several
geologists and paleontologists have visited the district, and have added new
data more or less. The present writer
had an opportunity of meeting the geologists of Taira in the summer of 1956,
and was guided through the field by
KOBIYAMA: the mode of occurrence ofthe fossils was observed, and some fossils
were collected.
In the meantime. the writer publisheda paper in 1957. in which two speciesof nautiloids were described. These
specimens were put in the writer's
disposal by KoHIYA;o.rA in the previous
year. The specimens were in an un·

Our knowledge on the Permian fossilsof Takakura-yama has a brief history:
it goes back to 1950, when Hajime Kom·
YAMA happened to discover some frag·mentary specimens of brachiopods in a
float of slate in a valley on the northernslope of Takakura-yama. Early in sum·
mer he was on an excursion with some
pupils he was teaching in the prefec·
Lura! technical school in Taira city. In
autumn the members of Taira Chigaku
DOkokai, that is, the Association oflovers of earth science in Taira, madean excursion to the same district. andcould collect some more specimens offossils in the valleys around Takakura·yama. Those fossils were sent to somepaleontologists for examination. A listof rather preliminarily ascribed genericnames of the fossils was introduced by
KomYA~IA in a number (no. 3) of thebulletin of their Association in the year
1952. The writer had been entrusted byhim some imperfect specimens of brachi·
opods and molluscs for study: a few• Received Sept. 21. 196·1 : read Sept.
20, 1964, at Iliroshima.

8

483.

Some Penn·ian Cephalopods of 1'akaku·m- Yamct

usually good state of preservation for
the fossils of Takakura-yama. so thatthe writer was tempted to venture description in no time: they were named
Tylonauti/us jwrmicus and Tainoceras
abukumaense, respectively. In this paper
the geological features of the district
informed so far were briefly referred to:a little more detailed account was givenin the author's paper of 1962, in which
the occurrence of Tainoceras abukuma£nse in the southern Kitakami Permian\vas placeci on record.
In the former of these two papers thewriter enumerated several ammonoid
genera that occurred in association with
the nautiloids described in order to assure the geological age of the latter. It
is these ammonoids that are dealt within the present parer. The study of theseammonoids. of which the generic affinities had been almost ascertained, hasbeen delayed for rather a long time.
because of the writer's vain hope ofobtaining more. and better materials,
not to say of his oflicial situation inconvenient for paleontological study dur·ing the last several years.
The geological and stratigraphical re·lations of the Paleozoic formation of
Takakura-yama district have been cleared by degrees during these years. Basedon these data, lchiro YANAGISAWA and~lamoru NE~IOTO, both members of thesaid Association, prepared a summary
report which was contributed to the Journal of the Geological Society of Japan
in 1961. This was naturally consulted
by the writer in preparing his last-mentioned paper. These two authors, however, have taken trouble to write for thepresent paper a concise account of thegeology supplemented with some recent
data as well as a more or less simplified
geological map adopted from what was

published in their work,.iust referred to.
For bringing up this note for publication the writer owes a great deal to
YA:--<AGISAWA and NE:>.IOTO for theirfavor of preparing their note which is
to follow. The writer is greatly indebted to KoBIY Al\IA for the specimensthat make the major part of the materialof this paper: besides, he has kindly
supplied the writer with various informations concerning the results of theincessant efforts of the geologists in andaround Taira toward geological exploration of the Takakura-yama district.
II.

An outline of the geology around

Takakura-yama: with a geologicalmap (By lchiro YANAGISAWA
and .Mamoru NEMOTO)

Takakura-yama is a hill. 293m. high,situated in the town of Yotsukura, andis about 8 km. north of the city of Taira,
Fukushima Prefecture.
In the areaaround this hill are exposed the Tertiary
Joban and the Cretaceous Futaba formations that unconformably overlie the·• basement formation" which, in part,has been generally regarded as of unknown age. In 1953 the members of
Taira Chigaku D6k6kai started a systematic field research in the region. andvarious informations have been acquiredsince. They have found some fossils inthe valleys in the north of Takakurayama: among them are Trilobites, Corals,
Ammonoids. Fusulinids and some others.
It is in the "basement formation" ofthe unknown age that these fossils havebeen collected. According to the paleontologists who examined these fossils.
the faunule represents the Permian age.
The Paleozoic formation which wecall the Takakura-yama Group, as awhole, has the strike of about NE"'NNElchiro HAYr1SAK.4

10

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Fig. 1.

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Geological map of the district around Takakura-yama. and a schematic profile

I. Quaternary deposits; 2. Cretaceous Fulaba formation: 3. Upper and 4. Lower Kashiwa-

daira formations: 5. Motomura formation: 6. lriishikura formation; 7. granites: 8. porphyrite;
9, green metamorphic rocks: 10. faults: 11. presumed dislocation; 12. localities of fossils.

1,88.

11

Some Permian Ce]Jhalopods of 'J'akakura- Yam aand the dips toward NW""WNW. It islimited in the south by a transverse
dislocation called the Futatsuya fault
trending N45' "'50'W : toward north theexposure is traced. though intermittently,
close to the Yaguki mines of the Nittetsu ivlining Company. On the east of
the area the Paleozoic formation comesin contact with the Cretaceous Futaba
formation and granite. the boundary
between the Paleozoic and the Cretaceous being unconformable. On the west
a porphyrite and some green metamorphic rocks with quartz schist are exposed side by side with the Paleozoic :the boundary is presumed to be a dislocation. The Paleozoic as a whole exposes in a roughly wedge-shaped outline.
extending almost N-S. Text-figure l is
to summarize the geological and stratigraphical relations of the area underconsideration.
The Takakura-yama Group consists
chiefly of black slates, graywackes. conglomerates and limestone breccia, forming a continuous sequence of about 900m.
in thickness. Throughout the whole
thickness there are 5 fossil horizons
recognized. The structure is considered
to be monoclinal. dipping '10',.._,70' toward
N\V, with a general strike of N25',.._,50'E.
These sedimentaries are penetrated by
granite and porphyrite at places. Cover·ing all these are the Quaternary deposits: these latter seem to have yielded
to dislocation movement.
The Takakura-yama Group is divided
into three formations chiefly according
to the variation of facies features. They
are as follows. being numbered frombelow upwards:
3. Kashiwadaira formation ....... .
. . . . . . Upper Slate formation
2. Motomura formation ........... .
.... Conglomerate formation1.

lriishikura formation ........... .
. . . . Lower Slate formation

The formation 1 is about 100m. thick.
and intercalates. in its middle part. bedsof graywacke and siliceous slate. orgraywacke and limestone. The fossils
found in this formation are Gerthia
kobivamai Ecucm (!'viS). SjJinfer sp.,
Bett'eroplwn sp. and Paraceltiles ? sp.
The formation 2 is an alternating seriesof somewhat fossiliferous conglomerate.
graywacke. and slate. the thickness
varying from about 70 to 170m. Some
important fossils recognized are: Parafusulina sp., Wentzelel/a minor Ecucm(MS). Lop/zophyllum aff. pendulum GRABAU, Liehea sp., Waagenophyllum? sp.,etc.
The upper formation. 3, begins
with black slate, followed by conglome-

rate containing subangular or rounded
pebbles of limestone. black slate. andgraywacke. attaining to the thicknessof about ,120"'530 m. as a whole. This
formation is quite richly fossiliferous.
containing the following forms: Tachylasma cf. magnum

GRABAU.

Feneste/lasp., Produclus sp., Tylothyris sp .. .4ri·
cu/opec/en sp., Tylonautilus permicus
HA YASAKA.

Tainoceras

abukumaense

beside several ammonoids
that are being described by IIA YASAKA
in the present paper. These fossils seemto assure the Takakura·yama Group to
be middle Permian in age.
As to the geological age of the granitic intrusion. it is only so far certainthat it took place after the depositionof the Takakura-yama Group, and before
that of the Futaba formation. The
period of intrusion of the porphyrite ispresumed to be earlier than that of the
granitic series.
HAYASAI<A,

II I.

The cephalopods andsome associate fossils

12lch,i·ro H.-lYASAKA

The cephalopods hitherto known to
the writer- are 3 nautiloids and 8 ammonoids. Of the former, 2 were describedsome years ago, as referred to elsewhere.
In this paper another species is added
which is represented by a single, frag.
mentary specimen having a rather valid
physiognomic characteristic : it resembles Tainoceras unklesbayi !\liLLER and
YouNGQUIST to a considerable degree.
Of the ammonoids there are
Propinacoceras spp. indet.
rvledlicottidae? gen. & sp. indet.
Paraceltites aff. elegans GIRTY? Pseudogastrioceras spp. indet.
Agathiceras cf. suessi GEJ\1;\IELLARO
Staclzeoceras aff. griinwaldti
GE:\IMELLARO
Popanoceras sp. indet.
Waagenoceras cf. dieneri riclzardsoui
MILLER and FURJ\ISH.

There may probably be more than one
species in Propinacoceras: so also may
possibly be with Agathiceras. Therefore
the number of species may be morethan einght.
All these cephalopods have been collected in the Upper Slate formation,that is the Kashiwadaira formation.
Several indeterminable species of pelecypods and brachiopods are known to haveoccurred in this formation. Perhaps theoccurrence of Paladin yanagi.~awai described by Riuji ENDO and Eiji i'vlATSUMOTO in Lhis formation may be worthyof mention. Paladin is a genus known
to range from the Upper 1\lississippianto the Lower Pennsylvanian in North
America. and from Moscovian to the
Sakmarian in U.S. S. R., as referred toby ENDO and 1\IATSUMOTO.
In theTakakura-yama Group it was foundwith a few other trilobites in association·with these ammonoids. Most of thecorals identified by EGUCHI seem tohave occurred in the 1\lotomura or theconglomerate formation, together ,,·ithParafusulina sp.
In the slate of the Kashiwadaira formation imperfect and often obscure remains of terrestrial plants are rather
frequently found. According to a recent
correspondence from KomY A:'.IA, Prof.
Enzo KoN~o who examined the specimens identified Calamites sp., Pecopteris
sp. and Taeniopteris sp. among them.
The fossils of the Takakura-yamaGroup are almost \vithout exception incomplete, being crushed and deformed.
In this point they do not differ fromthose of the Kitakami Paleozoic fossils,
although the modes of fossilization are
not invariably the same. It is very
difficult to find specimens that allow
unanimous identification at ease in bothcases. This seems especially true withammonoids. Here the writer likes torepeat what he remarl<ed in one of his
1963 papers dealing with the Kitakami
Permian fossils. .. The writer believes,
however, that even almost unmanageably
deformed fossils should not be neglected:.... Even if specific identification is notpossible, some general view of the faunamay. though dimly, be suggested throughthem. At the same time, records of evensuch fragmentary specimens might"
suggest or foreshadow future possibilities of discovery.
As far as the ammonoids of theage are concerned, even unfavorablypreserved, incomplete specimens may be
expected useful for deciding the horizonsof the Permian formation, provided that
their generic identification is tenable.
Zoning of the Permian by ammonoid
genera has been in practice since longago. In recent years this has become
more and more generally accepted by
paleontologists. !vliLLER and FUR:-\ISII,
for instance, schemed a table of ammo-

483.

Some l'ermian Cephalo1XJcls of Takakura- Yamanoid zones in their work on the Guadalupe Mountain materials. In this casethe "Correlation chart " covers all theimportant ammonoid-bearing beds of theUnited States. Somewhat later. GERTH
provided a similar but more exhaustive
correlation table, with the scope of establishing a stratigraphical zoning of theworld-wide application. More recently.
the abo,·e mentioned American paleontologists, joined by CLARK. remarked, inthe summary of their paper entitled"Permian Ammonoids from Western
United States" as follows:-" The stratigraphic range of the great majority of
the Permian ammonoid genera has been
establish eel ; many are practically goodindex fossils. They appear to be reasonably independent of facies and provincialism: none of the forms encountered inthis large territory are bizarre. Thereis little or no reason to differentiate a
Tethyan faunal assemblage, and the ammonoids known from America are in
general like those of the Mediterraneanand Asiatic regions.''
These remarks of the American andGerman paleontologists combined showthat the value of the ammonoid genera
as stratigraphical indices of the Permian
formations has to be given a universal
credit.
Notwithstanding, the writerneeds some courage to speak decisivelyof the stratigraphical stage of the Permian of the Takakura-yama Group bymeans of such meager materials. Combining the vertical ranges of the generaof these ammonoids. however, the writeris led to conclude that the faunule. andin all probability, the Takakura-yamaGroup as a whole. corresponds to the
Sosio stage, as remarked elsewhere.
The invertebrate fossils in the Takakura-yama Group are all severely damaged: the remains of animals of differ-13

ent habitats are found mixed up in therocks that are near-shore sediments.
Moreover. fragmented remains of someterrestrial plants also occur in association. All these facts seem to suggestthat the Takakura-yama Group was
deposited rater rapidly in an area not
far from shore, possibly in a lagoon.
Description of species
NAUTILOIDEA
Family Tainoceratidae Jly ATT 1883
Genus Tylonautilus PlHNGLEand ]ACKS0:'-1 1928
Tylonautilus permicus I-lAY ASAKA
1957.

T. permicus. liAYASAKA :-Two Perm.
Nautiloids from Takakurayama, etc.,
pp. 26-30. pl. 9, fig. 12.

This was considered perhaps worth
of note as the first Permian occurrenceof the genus. No additional material
has been found since. however.
Genus Tainoceras HYATT 1883
Tainoceras abukumaense HAYASAKA
T. abukumaense. HAYASAKA :-Op. cit .•pp. 24-26, pl. 8, figs. l-3.
1962. T. abukumaense, HAYASAKA:-Two
Species of Tainoceras from the Permian of the Kitakami Mountains. pp. 137140. pl. 11. figs. 1-3: text-fig-1.
1957.

That the same species was discoveredat two rather remote localities, one in
the Abukuma plateau (Takakura-yama)
and the other in the southern Kitakami
mountains, appears to be quite a rarecase, especially in regard to the cephalopods of the japanese Permian. By
careful observations it may be foundJchiro ITAYA S'AKA

14

that such coincidences of species are
not so uncommon as it appears to beat present, however.
Tainoceras aff. unklesbayi MILLER

and YouNGQUISTPlate 3. Figs. 7a. b.
1949.

T. unklesbayi, l\'liLLER and YouNGNautiloids,
p. 91. pl. 33, figs. 1, 2.

QUIST :-American Permian

Beside the two species of Nautiloids
referred to above, here is another spe~ies of the latter genus, the third of
the Takakura-yama nautiloids. The
material is only a piece of black slatewith an impression of a part of what
appears to be the ventral sculpture ofa nautiloid. After much hesitation thewriter has become disposed for regarding the specimen almost congruous with
the Permian species of !\'liLLER andYoUNGQUIST from Arizona, quoted above.
In the specific diagnosis of this North
American species the authors remarkthat ''on each side of rather deep ventral groove there is a row of large
narrowly rounded nodes that are obli-quely elongate-the axis of elongation
slopes orad from the venter." This
holds true in principle with the presentjapanese specimen. In details, however.
there is some difference. In the latter,each of the obliquely elongate nodes
bears a more or less rounded, almost
hemispherical protuberance at about its
middle. This may perhaps be regarded
as a feature characterizing this species:
this feature is somewhat better shownin the plaster cast of the specimen (Fig.
7b).

lt is worthy of note in this place thatin the famous Lo-ping fauna of southern
China studied long ago by E. KAYSER,

there is a nautiloid species which presents an aspect similar to the present
specimen. It is "Nautilus" mingslzanensis KAYSER: it was re-described later
by F. FRECH as Tainoceras mingshanense. As the latter author remarked,
the Lo-ping specimen is a "fiachgedri.icktes Wohnkammerbruchsti.ick '' seenfrom above. There is a similarity between it and the Japanese one in themode of preservation. In the details of
sculpture, however, they differ fromeach other. The Chinese species ischaracterized by KAYSER something asfollows. On the surface of the specimen there are two outer and two innerseries of nodes, the latter series being
separated by a deep, narrow and fluted
furrow. Both outer and inner nodes areelongate tubercles that are so arranged
that they make obtuse angles pointed
orad. The tubercles of the inner row orseries are not exactly symmetrically arranged. The outer nodes are consideredas swollen and rounded external, that is.
ventra:! ends of lateral ribs that are notfully preserved in the very specimen.
The oblique ribs in the Japanese
specimen are seen to be somewhat dumbbell-like in shape, but are not divided
into nodes as in the Lo-ping specimen.
In this point the former is very closely
allied to the American species, though
the form and the relative size of theribs are not like those of the latter.
\Vhat would become of the ventral sculpture of T. zmklesbayi if it were to beflatly crushed as T. mingshanense was?
AMl'viONOIDEA
It is quite long since the generic disposition of the ammonoids of the Takakura-yama Group was roughly grasped
by the writer. The generic names were-~83.

Some l'ennian Cephalopods of Takak'lt'ra- Yamareferred to couple of times on the occasions of describing some of the associate fossils or some of the comparable
group of fossils as complementary inassigning their geological age, and soon. Unfortunately, however, little has
been added to the material, and thewriter's knowledge about the faunule
has not been increased to any degree.
The material, especially of ammonoids
consists of very meager specimens, sothat the following pages should be entitled something like the explanation of
the specific affinities rather than thedescription of species. The records ofthe occurrence of such a faunule andthe paleontological observations on theconstituent fossils though poorly preserved may not be totally meaningnless,however.
Family 1\eledlicottidae KARI'lNSKY*
Genus Propinacoceras
GEJ\DIELLAIW 1887

Propinacoceras spp. inclet.
Plate 2, Figs. Ia. b ; 2.

In the Takakura-yama faunule fragmented specimens of Propinacoceras arefound occasionally. They are mostly
detached pieces of the natural casts ofventral or ventro-lateral parts of conchs.
At the writer's disposal are three suchspecimens belonging to the different individuals: they are all flattened. The
specimens are characterized by two rowsof transversely elongate, and more orless rounded nodes. or ribs as may
better be called. None of the specimens
shows the suture-lines.
In the diagnosis of the genus Propina• .. Family" according
FURNISII.

to!\IlLLER

and

15

coceras, GEl\ll\IELLARO seems to haverather lightly referred to the characteristic feature of the ventral zone ofconch. In the descriptions of his species,
namely, P. beyrichi, P. galilaei, and P.
affine, however. this very feature istaken up as one of the important external characteristics.
This ventral
sculpture, though different in details
from species to species, are all of thesimilar pattern, irrespective of localities
of occurrences in different countries.
This peculiar pattern of the ventral
zone seems to have proved useful as a
distinctive mark of the genus.
Tou~tANSKY, for instance, seems tohave attached importance to the ventral
sculpture in the treatment of his specimens. In one of his papers. on the
Permo-Carboniferous ammonoids of Crimea, several species including some newones of the genus are described. mostof which exhibit suture-lines if not incomplete forms. Take P. soramense, a
new species, for instance. It is obviousthat the species belongs to the Family~ledlicottidae because of the partly observed suture-lines. It is the generalform of conch, and the pattern of theventral sculpture that urged the author
to decide the fossil to be a Propinacoceras. P. almense, also a new species,
which resembles both Propinacoceras
and Medlicottia in point of the sutural
pattern, was finally decided to be theformer on account of the broad siphonalzone of the conch with the characteristicfeature. ToU~IANSKY's P. sp. indet. No.2
does not exhibit suture-line, but becauseof the wide ventral zone with largetransverse tubercles or ribs it was ascribed to Propinacoceras.
In another paper ToUMANSKY gives
further examples showing his attitude
toward recognizing the genus Propinacoceras. Of the six species of the genus

16

Ichiro HA YASAKA

found in ihe Permian of the Translai
range, only one. P. butrmse, is specifically
identified : it shows suture-lines. Of all
the others. suture-lines are unknown.
But they are placed in Propinacoceras
because they have wide, fiat ventral
zones with two rows of transverse
tubercles intervened by a distinct medianfurrow.
DIENER seems to have regarded thesculptural pattern of the ventral zone
important for the recognition of thegenus Propinacoceras.
In his .. Leitfossilien des marinen Perm", the genus
is defined in a deliberate style. "Derbreite, ein wenig gewolbte Externtcil
setzt gegen den 11achen Seitenteile mit
gerundeten Kanten ab und wird durch
scharf eingeschnittene Kerben in eine
groBe Anzahl von quer tiber denselben
verlaufenden Wellen zerlegt.
Diese
Querskulptur des Externteils wird durcheine tiefe und schmale l'vledianfurche
unterbrochen."
The three specimens from Takakurayama are designated. expediently, A. B
and C. The specimen A (Fig. 1) shows
the lateral side though not very distinctly (Fig. 1a) and the ventral sculpture(Fig. lb). This specimen appears toclosely resemble a similarly fragmented
specimen from the neighborhood of
Kesennuma city. They may probably
be more like P. galilaei GEMMELLARO,
than any others. The specimen B is
not given in picture, as it is so very
badly worn out that a photographic representation is hardly available. However. it is characterized by its wide androbust transverse nodes and very narrowinterspaces: three of the nodes occupy
a space of 10 mm. The transverse nodes
are wide and robust also in the specimen C (Fig. 2): this may perhaps be
specifically the same as B. These latter

specimens are likely to be comparedwith P. beyriclzi GEMMELLARO as wellas P. knighti MILLER and FURNISH. inhaving wide and robust transverse nodes
and very narrow inters paces: three nodes
occupy a space of 10 mm.
Medlicottidae? genus and species indet.
Plate 3, Fig. 1.

The specimen is an artificial mud
cast made from a natural external castof a small fragment of an ammonoid in
the collection of KOBIYAMA. It is obliquely crushed and deformed. It has,
however, a physiognomic feature resem·
bling more or less that of Propinacoceras; namely, there is a distinct, rather
deep and narrow median groove on theventral zone. But the transverse ventral
nodes on either side of the mediangroove are of a pattern different fromthose of the latter genus: they are virtually not nodes but are sharply definedradial ribs extending over the ventrolateral borders of the conch. These
ribs are slightly convex forward. Theinterspaces, somewhat narrower than
the ribs, are sharp with· almost flatbottoms. The lateral sides of conch
appear to be flat in general. but they
approach to each other gradually toward
venter so as to form slightly convex
ventral zone which is not distinctivefrom the lateral zones, unlike the ftattish
ventral zone of Propinacoceras or Artinskia.
It is not possible to measure the thickness of the conch, as the specimen isvery incomplete. and the other side of
the specimen is not exposed. The sizeand form are only to be judged fromthe picture given in natural size on theplate (Fig. 1). Of the transverse ribs 5
are counted in a distance of 10 mm. with

48.J.

Som.e l'ermZ:an Cephalopods of Talwku.ra- Yama

4 interspaces: the median furrow is alittle \vider. being about 1.'1 mm.
From the above remarks it is suggested that the specimen may belong to the
Family Medlicottidae if not to the Genus
Medlicollia.
In the Kitakami Permian fauna a species of a somewhat doubtful Medlicol/ia
has been recognized. Although it isalso only a fragmentary specimen, it
shows parts of suture-lines naturally
weathered out which suggest that the
specimen belongs. or closely allied atleast to A'/ed/icollia. However, it andthe Takakura-yama specimen are so
distinctly different from each other inthe mode of fossilization that there areno means of correlating them.
Family Paraceltitidae SPATH, 1930
Genus Paracelliles GEl\IMELLARO. 1888

Parace/li/es aff. elegans
GIRTY (IIAYASAKA)
Plate 3, Fig. 2.

19-10.

Paraceltiles. aff. elegans GrRTY, HAY A·
Geo/. Soc. Japan. no. 565(l'ol. XLII). pp. 423-424, text-figs. 2, 3.

SAKA :-jour.

The occurrence of this species in Japanwas recorded in 1940 as shown above.
There were several specimens, mostly
external and internal molds preserved ina small boulder of a dark gray sandy
shale found in one of the fossil localities
in the southern Kitakami mountains.
Although the material consisted of specimens that are in an unsatisfactory stateof preservation. the writer endeavored
to demonstrate that they very closely
resemble P. elegans GIRTY, if not identifiable with it. With respect to the external physiognomic features the specimen shown by Fig. 3, twice natural size,

17

fairly coincides with the description andillustration by GIRTY, except that the
Kitakami specimens are considerably
smaller in size.
Now. in the fossils from Takakurayama, there are two specimens that arelikely to be identified with the Kitakami
species just referred to: they are in asimilarly incomplete state of fossilization. Of the Takakura-yama specimens
the one (Fig. 2) is of a singular way ofpreservation. It is as a whole an external mold, but in the ultimate portionof the whorl it seems to show the insideof the whorl, suggesting that a part of
the adoral portion of conch had beendamaged. and exposed the inside before
the specimen was buried. The venteris seen as a narrow but perceptively
impressed. and the lateral side is flat,
though the specimen as a whole seems.
to have yielded to a flattening pressure.
The surface sculpture exhibited by theexternal mold is just the same as is observed in the Kitakami specimen. The
other specimen is only a part of an external mold of what is considered a living chamber: it exposes a venter withcharacteristic features similar to thoseobserved in the other specimen mentioned
above. The fine, wavy transverse plicalions, or rather striae, are all alike inboth the Kitakami and the Abukuma(Takakura-yama) specimens.
To sum up the physiognomic characters observed in the Takakura-yama
specimens :-Conch is flatly discoidal andquite evolute. with about 6 volutions:
it is deformed to an oblique shape, thelonger diameter being estimated to heabout 30 mm. Whorls compressed. withnarrow convex venter which is smooth,and has shallow but distinct impressions.
Transverse ribs or plications on the lateral surface of whorl. except for the ultimate are rather straight and round-18lchiro HA YASAKrl

topped, and wider than interspaces thatare apparently grooves having obtusely
angular profile: there are about 12 ofplicae in 10 mm. on the last portion of
the whorl: plicae are stouter on theumbilical side, and faint away before
reaching the ventro-lateral border. Toward the ultimate part of the whorl thetransverse plicae rather abruptly turninto fine, sinuate striae that are densely·crowded: they appear to extend close to
the ventro-lateral border. Suture-lines
are not known of the present specimens.
Neither the thickness of the conch iseasy to make out, as the specimens arecompressed more or less, and are without
shell substance attached.
The specimens here under consideration, though not well preserved, havemuch in common with those from thesouthern Kitakami mountains, as statedabove. The writer considers that the
specimens from both regions are speci·
fically identical. They are very closely
allied to. if not identical with Paraceltites elegans GnnY as repeatedly re·marked.
AI though there are several otherspecies of the genus hitherto known,some having characters more or less common with the present japanese species,the \Vriter takes it an inevitable course
to refrain himself from discussing thesystematic or taxonomic relations among
them. However, GIRTY's remarks in his
description of P. e!egans, appear worthyof note in this place. After having ideo·
tified his fossil with the genus Paracel·.lites. and discussed the afllnities between
his P. elegans and the Sicilian species,
he concluded that the former is not
specifically identical with the latter.
"One difference which can be named isthe more nearly transverse direction of
the plications in P. elegans, while in the
Sicilian species they slope forward."'This character seems to separate rhejapanese species from many known
species from various parts of the world.
l\loreover, many species ar·e characterized
by broad plications that are consequently
small in numbEr.
Regarding the distribution and g€ological horizons of the species of Panu:el·tiles, l'vlJLLER and FUR:'\ISH afford us
comprehensive summary. The .Japaneseoccurrence of these fossils, though their
species is not decided, presents an additional item to the list of distributionof the genus. The same authors callattention to a fe\v important points concerning the physiognomic variation of
the paraceltitids. ''Primitive forms,
which occur in early Middle Permianare characterized by prominent sculpture, evolute \vhorls, and relatively simple sutures. In advanced forms, thesculpture is less pronounced. whorls are
somewhat more deeply impressed dorsally, and the sutures trend to form an
additional lobe ... " In the Takakurayama specimens, suture-lines are not accessible, but the sculpture is rather conspicuous, and the dorsal impression isclearly observed.
Family Gastrioceratidae WEDEKIND, 19H
Genus Pseudogastrioceras SPATH. 1930
For the distinction of Pseudogastrioceras from the other, kindred genera, thewriter follows the scheme elaborated by
MILLER and FUR:I\ISII in 1940 .
? Pseudogastrioceras sp.

indet.

Plate 3. Figs. 3, .t.

A small fragment of venter and ventra·
lateral border of a relatively large conchll~ig. 3), and an incomplete external mold

48.1.

Some Permian Cephalopods of Takakum- Yamaof a small indivudual (Fig. 4) are thematerial of this fossil. The former yielded to oblique compression. and bilateralsymmetry is disturbed. Ventral surface
is broadly rounded, but nothing is knownof lateral sides and apical part. Ventral
surface is ornamented with fine spirallirae that are quite dense, counting about
15 within the venter which is about
20 mm. wide: inters paces much wider.
Among the upper Paleozoic ammonoid
genera, to which this species most likely·belong, Pseudogastrioceras is the one
which provides a few comparable species
as regards the features remaining in thepresent incomplete specimen. Probably
P. zitteli (GEi\I~IELLARO) may be mentioned as one of those most strongly
suggest affinity to the former, provided
that it is a Pseudogastrioceras.
The other, smaller specimen (Fig. 4)
is a broken piece of an external moldas stated above. Conch is of a rather
thickly discoidal outline, with thin andquite distant revolving lirae that arepreserved as thin spiral grooves in thespecimen, interspaces being several times
wider. Conch is transformed into ovoidal shape: no transverse constriction isrecognized. This also may possibly bea Pseudogaslrioceras, perhaps specificallydifferent from the other.
Family Agathiceratidae ARTIIABER, 1912
Genus Agalhiceras GDL\IELLARO. 1887
:1gathicera s cf. suessi GEM:\IEI.LARO
Plate 2. Figs. 3. ,Ia. b: Text-fig. 2.
1887. Agathiceras Suessi, GE:\1:\IELLAHO :-La
fauna dei Calc. con Fusu/ina della valledel fiume Sosio, etc .. pp. 79-80. pl. VI,
figs. 1-4 (Pl. Vll, fig. 36).
1888. A.gathiceras Suessi. GDIMEl.I..\RO : Ibid .. Appendiche. pp. 22-2·1. pl. C, fig.

1927

1931.

1936.

1939.

19-!0.

1963.

19

20; pl. D, fig. 13.
tlgathiceras suessi, DIE"JER :-Leitfossilien des marinen Perm. p. 68. pl. XIII.
fig. 2: text-fig. 6e (reproduced fromGE\1:\IEI.LARO).
r!gathiceras suessi. Tou~IA:-;s~o;y :-The
Permo-Carb. beds of t.he Crimea, pp.
55-56. 103, pl. IV. Jigs. 21-29: pl. VI.
fig 25; text-figs. 39a-b (all the figures
on Lhc plates unfortunately lack clear·ness).
Agath. cf. suessi, MILLEH and CROCKFORD :-Permian Cephelopods from
British Columbia. p. 25, pl. 1. figs. 7-9.
tlgath. suessi. M.'\RTYNOV :-The Atlasof the Leading forms of the Fossil
Fauna. USSR. VI. Permian. p. 178, pl.
XLIV. fig· 1: Lext-fig. 73 (suture-linefrom GEMMELLARO).
Agatlr. suessi. MILLER and FL:R:"ISH : Permian Ammonoids of the Guadalupe
Mountain Region, etc .. p. 118, pl. 31.
figs. 8-12 (Specimens from Sosio beds.
Palermo, illustrated for comparison
with allied American species de·scribed).
Agath. aff. suessi. HAYASAI{A :-Some
Perm. Foss. from southern Kitakami,
III. Ammonoidea. pp. 596-597, textfig. 5.

The Agathiceras is quite widely distributed all the world over, almost exclusively in the Permian formations.
being found only rarely in the upper
Carboniferous. The genus is rather easily recognized because of the physiognomic features clearly observed in wellpreserved specimens. The surface of the
thickly discoidal conch which is deeply
involute is ornamented with fine spirallirae. The suture-line is straight, consisting of four lateral saddles and four
lateral lobes. and a wide ventral lobe
divided by a long ventral saddle. First
three lateral saddles are rounded at top,
and the first three lateral lobes are spatulate or acuminate in oulline: the fourthsaddle is low and wide, and the fourth

20

lchi1·o HAIASAKA

lobe also is shallow and wide, and extends
oyer the umbonal border to form a wide
second lateral saddle of the internal
suture followed by a narrow first laterallobe, first lateral saddle and a narrowand deep dorsal lobe.
The specific distinction is based on the
differences recognized in the charactersshown in the shape of conch, the formof lobes and saddles of suture-lines,
frequency of spiral lirac, as well as thepresence or absence of varices.
Now, in the Takakura-yama faunule,there are several specimens of Agathi·
ceras at the writer's disposal. Amongthem is only one specimen in which
suture-lines are exposed beneath thethin shell, although they are not complete: a portion of the shell was chipped
off to exhibit them. In another specimen
the shell substance is preserved attached.
Others are external and internal molds
preserved in the shale. All the specimens are crushed and deformed to elliptical shape, and compressed flat.
Thus. the specific identification ofthese specimens is not easy, if not impossible, as the specific characteristics
are not recognized sufficiently in detaiL
The specimen which shows parts of thesuture-lines, referred to above, is the bestof the material (Fig. 3). In it a few
points are noticed that are considered
useful for considering its specific affinity.
The size of the specimen is only to be
estimated from the following measurements: the longer axis of the ellipticaloutline is about 30 mm. the shorter about
17 mm: conch is not complete. however.
Conch is tightly involute and the umbilicus is very smalL Spiral lirae countabout 25 on the ftanc which is not considered fully exposed. Though the ven·
ter and the dorsum are not observed, thetotal of the lirae. if the ftancs are re·Fig. 2.

Deformed suture-lines.

stored, may not be much less than 60 on
the whole surface: inters paces are somewhat narrower than the lirae toward
ventral zone. while the reverse appears
to be toward umbonal border. The lastsmall portion of the preserved whorl waschipped off on collecting, so as to show
the suture-lines partly.
They arestraight. and exposed almost along thelonger axis of the ellipse, and the saddles
and lobes are shortened crosswise inconsequence. The ventral portion of thesuture-lines are not observed: neither are
the umbilical and inner portions, the umbilicus being obscured. In tracing oneof the suture-lines between about theventro-lateral border and the umbilicalshoulder. three lateral lobes and threelateral saddles are recognized : they arefrom the second to the fourth (Text-Fig.
2). All of them appear low, and wider
than long: saddles are somewhat flattenedat the top, and similarly widened andshortened lobes are very slightly pointed
or acuminated at the bottom. Between
saddle and lobe the suture-line draws
constrictions. Cursorily observed, lobes
appear to be rounded at the bottom toremind the top of saddle, and the pattern
may look more like that of A. uralicus
KARPINSKY or A. applini PLU~IillER and
SCOTT than A. suessi. But if the original contour of conch could be restored
saddles and lobes would resume the pat·tern characteristic of A. suessi rather

-~S.J.

Some J>ennian Cephalopods of Ta.kakttm- Yama

than of the others. If the assumption
is allowed that the conch is thickly
discoidal, which is most likely the case,the specimen should be regarded mostclosely allied to A. suessi than to any
other species.
The other specimens arc smaller andless well preserved. They arc thickly
discoidal in form, deeply involute, andornamented with fine spiral lirae over
the whorl surface. On the assumptionthat these specimens belong to the same
species as the one just taken into account. they would provisionally have to
be placed on record as A. cf. suessi (Figs.
4a, b: another specimen is not given in
figure). The ratios of dimensions often
used for distinguishing species can not
be applied to such deformed specimens
as those from Takakura-yama.
Family Popanoceratidac HYATT. 1900
Genus Stacheoceras GEl\1:\IELLARO, 1887
Stacheoceras aff. griinwaldti
GD!l\IELLARO

Plate 3. Figs. 5a, b; Text-Jigs. 3, 4.

This genus was recorded from thejapanese Permian for the first time by
S. tviAHUTI in 1935 from a small promontory called Iwaizaki, south of Kesennuma
city in the southern Kitakami mountains.
lt was named Stacheoceras iwaizakie1z.~e.
Although it was only a single specimen.
an internal mold of a conch. it is quite
well preserved for a Permian fossil of
this region. Some years later. the present writer happened to find a broken
piece of an ammonoid, which he described as an indeterminable species ofStacheoceras. The locality is about
10 km. to the south of Iwaizaki, on the
shore of Kobama, l\lono-gun. The speci-

21

men in this case was only a em-edge ofa steinkern buried in a piece of black
limestone, showing the profiles of succeeding whorls and oblique or random
cut-ends of septa. Regarding the relation
between this and ~IABUTI's species thewriter remarked that " .. it is very likelythat the two are different from eachother, because the measurements madeof the whorls respectively give considerably different values and proportions.''l\IAI3UTI's specimen was found in the"subformation" of the succession henamed the Iwaizaki Limestone, containing Parajusulina wanneri (SCHUBERT),
Yabeina sp., Richthofenia, Amblysiplwnella, and so on. The specimen from
Kobama occurred together with several
brachiopods such as Camarop/wria humbletonensis HowsE, Productus (Marginifera) jlemingi \SOWERBY), Rhynchonella(Uncinulus) jabiensis WAAGEl'\, and thelike.
The material from Takakura-yama isagain a single specimen, also incomplete
in preservation, being one half of aninternal mold, rather small in size.
Fortunately, however, the specimen does
not seem to have suffered strong deformation, and shows a number of suturelines, although it is difficult to make out
clearly by photography. All the physiognomic features observed under magnifying glass prove the specimen to be a
Stacheoceras, however. What are observed of the specimen are briefly summed up in the following lines.
The specimen, one half of a steinkern,measures 23 mm. in diameter, and 12 mm.
in thickness, thus the conch being rather
thickly subdiscoidal: umbilicus appears
to be closed. On the fractured surface,whorls are seen to be crescent with extended wings. whorls being completely
involute: in the center of the conch asmall inner \Vhorl is kept intact. Lateral

Jchiro HA1'ASAI\A

22..... --

Fig. 4.

A suture-line traced.

Fig. 3. Conch viewed from broken edge
to show its shape and volution.

surfaces are convex, venter rounded inoutline (Text-Fig. 3). Varices are recognized on outer and inner volutions.
Suture-lines are straight as a whole, andare composed of 6 or 7 elongately rounded lateral saddles and a lower and shalJowely divided siphonal saddle, and thelateral lobes in alternation are digitate.
the first one being bifid and the following 3-5 trifid though gradually wither
away toward umbilical depression (TextFig. 4). Dorsal sutures are not accessible.
The genus Stacheoceras is known to be
widely distributed geographically in the
Permian formations of the different partsof the world. Aside from its occurrencein the southern Kitakami mountains as
referred to above, the writer described
Stacheoceras quadridens, a new species,
in a Permian faunule of the Province Chechiang, China. in 1947. It occurred inassociation with TVaagenoceras cf. dieneri
BosE, Paragastrioceras roadense (BosE).
P. bee(/i PLUMMER and ScOTT beside a
few other ammonoids and nautiloids thewriter considered new. This record may
be regarded as an additional datum forthe distribution of Stacheoceras, as well
as of the accompanying forms.

Of the numerous works dealing with
Stacheoceras, and also with others, notmany have been accessible to the writer.
However. more than dozen of forms fromdifferent localities have been found to beallied to the present fossil more or less.
Although it is very difficult to identify
the japanese species with any one ofthem. the following species may be recommended as being especially closely
allied to the former with regard tosome physiognomic feature or other: St.
i waiza kien se l\1 ABUT I. St. mediI erraneum
GEMMELLARO, St. gordoni MILLER. FuR!\ISH and CLARK, S/. /ridens ROTHPLETZ,
St. griinwaldti GE:\tl'IIEI.LAIW and St. quadridens liAYASAKA. More closely examining the available details of these
species and of the Takakura-yama specimen the writer is strongly inclined tobelieve that the latter is much more
approximate to St. griinwaldti than toany others: the size. form and the pattern of suture-lines are almost the samein these two. Thus the present japanese
species is designated Stacheoceras aff.
griimvaldti GE111l'v!ELLARO. at least for
the time being.

488.

23:

Sorne }Jennian Cephalopods of Ta.ka.kura- Yama

Genus l'ofHwoceras HYATT, 1883
l'oj)(llloceras sp. indet.
Plate :l Fig. 6: Text-fig. 5.

This is the second genus of the
Popanoceratidae found in the japanesePermian. The material from Takakura·yama is but a fragmentary specimen
which shows. though very vaguely. thesuture-lines of the pattern of Popanoceras. The specimen is naturally worn,
but a little too strongly. ~vloreover, it
is only a half of a conch, and the umbilical part is only obscurely shown on
the opposite ftanc. which. as a whole. isburied in the rock. The form of conch
is flatly discoidal. but is deformed to an
elliptical outline: flatness must in partat least be due to compression. The
specimen. an incomplete steinkern. gives
the following measurements:
Longer diameter of ellipse . . . ca. 32 mm.
Shorter radius (venter to umbilicus)............ ca. 14 mm.
Thickness (estimated) .......... ca. 5 mm.

Venter is narrowly rounded. Ilanes
slightly convex. umbilicus small anddeep. Suture-lines are dense. but are
obscured by compression of the conch:
ventral lobes are turned intelligible inform: 4 lateral saddles are recognized
to be rounded at the top: lobes arerather wide and digitate; prongs do notappear long and pointed. evidently due
to strong weathering of the specimen
as pointed above. As the distance between the innermost saddle preserved
and the umbilicus is very short. there
can not be many more saddles and lobes
there (fext-flg. 5).
On the basis of these observations.
the writer considers that the specimen
under discussion is a /'opanoceras. With
such an imperfect specimen specific com·

Fig. 5.

A suture-line partly exposed.

parison may not be of any sense. However, it may possibly be not very remotefrom the group of the species including.
for instance. P. indoaustra/icum IIANIEL,
P. bowmani (BosE), P. hanieli SMITH and
P. goochi TEICHERT.
Family Cyclolobidae ZITTEL, 1903
Genus IVaagenoceras GDII\IEI.I.AIW. 1887
Waagenoceras cf. rlieneri richan/.~oni
MILLER andFURNISII

Plate 2, Figs. Sa. b.
1937.

Waagenoceras riclwrdsrmi.

l't.UM~I~:Rand ScoTT :-Unir. of 1'l':ras. FJu/1.. no.
3701. pp. 158-H>O pl. 3~1. figs. 9-11.

1940.

Waagenoceras
dieneririclwrdsoni,and FURZ"ISII:- Ceo/. Soc.
America. Special Papers, no. 26. pp.
170-173. pl. 43. figs. 4-7: especially pl.
44. fig. 3: text-fig 54.
MILLERA fragmentary inner mold preservinga larger part of the living chamber anda part of the septate whorl, is the only
material at disposal. Living chamber
seems to be at least about one volution
long. Whorls are few in number, andclosely embrace the foregoing: umbilicus
is rounded and deep. measuring about
10 mm. across. Ventral portion of thepenultimate whorl exposes parts of afew suture-lines including the last one.
Apical portion is corroded and the umbilical portion is broken through.

:24lchiro H.tl :V.tlS.tlK.·I

The specimen is quite severely deformed by compression in an oblique·direction. This is evidently shown by
the fact that the umbilical shoulders of
the opposite fiancs are displaced against·each other. Thus the specimen, lostpart restored, is roughly elliptical in
outline, diameter in average being assumed to be about 90 mm : it measuresabout 27 mm. thick: the ratio thickness/diameter is only 0.3-a very small value
for a species of Waagenoceras or allied
genera. In other words. it is rather exceptionally large and unusually flatly
discoidal. with a helmet-shaped venterand only slightly convex ftancs; theconch in mechanically compressed.
As to the suture-lines, the last and a
few preceding ones are only partly exposed on both !lanes. Of the last sutureline 3 saddles on one flanc may probably
be middle ones; on the opposite flanc 2of them are recognized. Suture-lines asa whole are apparently not curved, butrather straight, though there is no complete one to be traced. Were the detached portion of the conch restored.
there may probably be about 6 or 7
saddles and Jobes recognized on the flanc.

They are long and narrow. Saddles arerounded at top and extend into narrow.
notched Jobes ending in trifid points.
These are all what the writer has
been able to know about the specimen.
It is, therefore, not an easy matter rodecide to which of the genera of the
Cyclolobidae it does belong. According
to the authority of 1\liLLER and FuJu.;JsH
three genera are recognized in the Family Cyclolobidae, namely, Cyclolobus, I·Vaage,wceras, and Timorites. It is presumed by these authors that these genera·• represent a continuous ph)rlogenetic
sequence .... ".
The incompletely recognized suturelines of the Japanese specimen show
some affinities to those of the speciesof both lVaagenoceras and Timorites,in having somewhat wide saddle bases
and rather simple lobes. Especially the
specimen appears to be more closely
related to TV. guadalupeuse than to thetypical forms of n·. dieueri. But if thenarrow and long lobes that are pointed
are taken into account, it may be considered to resemble W. richardsoni. Thislatter species was created on an incomplete specimen, but characterized by its

Explanation of Plate 2
Fig. 1. Propinacoceras sp. indet. Specimen A. natural size. a, lateral view of an obliquely
compressed specimen showing the transverse ventral ribs. b, the lower part of theright side of fig. a to show the l wo rows of transverse ribs on the venter. The specimen is slightly contorted.
Fig. 2. Propinacoceras sp. indet. Specimen C, natural size.
Fig. 3. Agathiceras cf. suessi GE:-.t:-.tELLARO. Specimen A. x 2.
The best specimen at disposal: entrusted for study by Shozi> IIAYASAKA of Tohoku
University, Sendai, whom the writer owes deeply.
Fig ..J. Agathiceras cf. suessi GE:\1:\·H'I.LARO. Specimen B, X 1. 5.
:\lore strongly deformed and damaged than A. a, lateral view; b. oral view.
Fig. 5. lVaagenocerus cf. clieneri richardsoni :MILLER and FuR:>;tsH.
~at. size. a and b. opposite sides, show a long living chamber and the last suture-line,
beyond which arc a few more imperfect ones observed.

HAYASAKA :Some Permian CeJJhalopods of Takakum- Yama!'late 2

48.j.

Some Penn·ian Cephalopods of Takaktu·a- Yamalarge size and more or less discoidal
form (93 mm. in diameter and 50 mm. inthickness, the ratio thickness/diameterthus being 0.53). ]\IiLLER and fURNISH
regard this species as a variety of IV.
.dieneri, and reserve the possibility of its
being "a distinct species which is about
as closely related to Timoriles as to
IVaagenoceras ". The specimens whichthese authors pictured as conspecificwith PLllc\IMER and Scorr's species areglobular in shape, and the ratios thickness/diameter of three specimens are 0.80.
·0.83 and 0.85, respectively (p. 169,;. If theform of conch is not of much taxonomic
meaning. the discoidal form of the japanese species, though it most likely has
been thicker before deformation, may notnecessarily be regarded extraordinarily
as a vVaagenoceras. With respect to the-discoidal form of conch Timorites uddeni['v[JLLER and FURNISII (p. 178) looks tomore or less closely approach to thejapanes species. The conch is about
80 mm. across and about 33 mm. thick,the ratio being 0.4, that is, the conch ismore strongly compressed than TV.
dieneri riclzardsoni which it resembles.
The suture-lines of the latter are slightly
more advanced than those of the former.
According to .t\liLLER and FUR);JSH these
two species "are more or less intermediate between typical TV aagenoceras
and typical Timorites and both are closely related".
Taking into consideration all these
remarks the writer feels it plausible toput his specimen in W aagenoceras rather
than in the other genera. For specificdetermination the physiognomic data
are by no means sufficient, but the
specimen appears to quite closely resemble W. richardsoni PLU:\t:'IIER and
SCOTT among the species known to the·writer.

List of references quoted 'in th'e text
Emil, (1917): The Permo-Carboniferous Ammonoids of the Glass Mountains.
West Texas, and their StratigraphicalSignificance.
Univ. Texas, Bull.. no .
1162.
DJE:->ER, C., (1927): Leitfossilien des marinen
Perm. GCRJCJJ's Leitfossilien, 5te Lieferung.
E:->oo. Riuji and :'.IATSl!~JoTo. Eiji (1962) :Permo-Carbonifrous
TrilobitesfromJapan. Sci. Rep. Saitama UniL·., ser. B.
IV, 2.
FRECH. Fritz, (1911): JHC!ITJJOFE:>;'s China,
Bos~::.

v.
GE:--ntELLARO. G. G .. 1887. La fauna de calcari con Fusulitw della valle del fiume
Sosio nella provincia di Palermo: Cephalopoda.
- - (1888) : Dillo, Appendice.
GERTH, H.. 1950.
Die Ammonoiden desPerms von Timor und ihre Bedeutung
fi.ir die stratigraphische Gliederung derPermformation.
Neues jahrb. Miner.,usw. Abh .. 91. Abt. B.
GJRTY. George H .. (1908) : The Guadalupian
Fauna. U.S. Ceo/. Sun·., Prof Paper
68.
IL\:->JEJ, C. A .. (1915): Die Cephalopoden derDyas von Timor. Palaeontologie vonTimor, VI (iii Lieferung)
IL\ YAS.\KA, lchiro, (1\:!40) : On two Permian
Ammonoids from the Kitakarni Mountains. jour. Geol. Soc. japan. no. 565.
(vol. -11).
- - (1917) : A Permian Cephalopod Faunulefrom Chechiang Pro\'ince. China. Acta
Ceo/. Taiwanica, /.
- - (195cl) : Younger Paleozoic Cephalopods
from the Kitakami Mountains. jour.
Fac. Sci .. JlokkaidO Unit•., ser. IV. Ceo/.
Miner., Vlll, 4.
- - (1955) : On the Permian Cephalopods
from Japan (in Japanese). C/zigakll 1\enkyti (Earth Sci. Res.), VITI, 3.
- - (1957) : Two Permian Nautiloids from
Takakura-yama, near Yolsukura-machi.
Fukushima Prefecture (Abukuma Plateau
Region), Japan. Sci. Rep. Yokohama

2fi/chil'O H.'l YAS;lKil

Nat. Uilll'., sec. II. 110. 6.
- - (1962):
Two specie~; of Tainoceras
from the Permian of the 1\itakami Moun·tains. Nat. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) Bull .. VI.
2 (through number ,'}1),- - (1963): Some Permian Fo:;sil:; of South·
ern Kitakami. l.
Proc. japan Acad.
XXXIX. 7.
- - (1963) : Ditto. III. Ammonoids. Ibid.
XXXIX. 8.
KAYSER. Emmanuel. (1883): RICHTIIOFE:"\'S.
China, IV.
KontYA\IA, Jlajime, (1956): On the Geo·
logical Age of the Takakura-yama Formation (Japanese). Taira Chigaku Doko·kai /Ju/1. 110. 3.
MABt;TJ, Sciichi. (1935): On the Occurrenceof Stacheoreras in the Kitakami Mountainland. Northeast HonsyG. japan. Saito/lo-on Kai Mus .. Res. Bull .. 110 6.
M.\lnYNov. A .. (1939): The Atlas of the
Leading Forms of the Fossil Fauna
USSR. (Russian).
Mn.uw. A. K. and CIWCI(FOIW. l\I. B., (1936):
Permian Cephalopods from British Co·
lumhia. Tr1111S. Royal Sot. Ca11ada. 3rdser.. o~u. IV. XXX.
MILI.EH, A. K and FuRNISH, W. M .. (1910):
Permian Ammonoids of the Guadalupe
Mountain J~egion and Adjacent Areas.
Geol. Soc. Amer., Spec. Papers. no. 26.
MILLER. A. K. and Youl\'GQUIST \Vatter.

(19-19): American Permian Nautiloids.
Geol. Soc. A mer .. !Item .. ·I 1.
1\fJLLF.R. A. K. and FuRJ\'ISII. W. M., (1957):
Permian Ammonoids from Tunisia. jour.
Paleont.. XXXI. 4.
MILLER. A. K.. FIJRJ\'ISIJ. W. M. and Ct..ARK.
Da\·id L., (1957) : Permian Ammonoids
from Western United State. Ibid. XXXI.
6.
PI.U\niER. F. B. and ScoTT. Gayle. (1937) :Upper Paleozoic Ammonites in Texas.
Unit•. Te:ras Bull., no. 370 I (The Geologyof Te:ras. z•ol. III).
S:o.tiTH, J. Perrin, (192i) : Permian Ammonoids of Timor. jaarboek 1•an hel Alijn·zcezen in Neder/andsch-lndie. 55 ]aargang. 1.
TEICHERT, Court. (1942): Permian Ammonoids from Western Australia. jour.
Paleonl .. XVI. 2.
TouMA"'SKY. 0. G.. (1931):
The PermoCarboniferous Beds of the Crimea, Pt.
l. Cephalopoda. Ammonoidea (Russian,with an English summary). This seems
to have been published by the Bureauof Geological Prospecting of the Supreme
Council of National Economy of USSR.
- - (1939):
Permian Ammonoids of theTransalai Range and their Significanceof the Stratigraphy of the Pamirs.
(Russian, with an English summary of
the stratigraphical part). Problems of

Explanation of Plate 3
Fig. 1. J\ledlicottidae? genus et species indet. Xat. size.
Only specimen. a mud cast. showing the sculpture of yenter and Yentro-lateral borderin part.
Fig. 2. Paraceltiles aff. e/egans GJRTY. Nat. size. Note the peculiar state of preservation.
Hardly distinguishable from the specimen reported from the Kitakami Permian in 19·10.
Fig. 3. ? Pseudogastrioceras sp. indet. Specimen A. nat. size.
Fig . .J.. ? Puudogasl rioceras sp. indet. Specimen 13, nat. size.
Fig. 5. Stacheoceras aff. griinwaldli Gnt\IF.I.LARO. x l. 5. a. lateral view: E· ventral view
showing rather den:;e suture-lines: their pattern is sketched to show the detail (Text·
figs. 3 and ·1.
Fig. 6. Popanoceras sp. indet. x 1. 5. A suture-line traced is given in the text (Text·fig. 5).
Fig. 7. Tai11oceras aff. unkles!Jayi MILLER and FuRKJSIJ. Nat.. size. a, the specimen. an outermold on a slab of black slate h. a mud cast to show the real relief of Lhc wide vente.

H A l .ASAJ,"A:

Some Pennian Cepltalo pod.s of Takaku1·a- )·anw

4Plate 3

483.

Smne Permian Cephalopods of Takalwra- Yama

Paleontology. V.
YANA(ji:3AWA. lchir6 and NE~IOTO. :\lamoru.
(1961): On the Paleozoic Formation of
the Tnkakura.ya ma District, Abukuma

Futatsuya (fault)
lwaizaki
Kesennuma
Monf>.gun
Takakura-yama
Yotsukura- ·:; •w (ltfr /W)-·~:5-J:I:~~ fili ill
m~m

1*1 .it Ill
(ig

ft

27

Mountains (Japanese. with an English
abstract). jour. Geol. Soc. japan. no.
788 (t·ol. LXV/l).

Iriishikura
Kashiwadaira
KobamaMotomura
YagukiA. 11ft

lt'l

~v-

,j,
j[;

iA
H

i\

"Jt.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S., No. 57, pp. 28-33, April 15, 19!>5-!8·!. DISCOVERY OF MARI~E SHELLS FRO.M THE KUNOHETERRACE DEPOSITS. KUJI CITY. IW ATE PREFECTURE
KOTORA HATAI and RIKlZO I:\TAIZU.MI
Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanJLJ 1~3l;G:!Wim~.l'HI:.E: 1957 !t'· ·fi'¥!!r!:7-~f.tl!i>a:Oll'4ft0)!11R. 7-..~~fie. rilllM-J'!B1M:.t IJ. 7-..~~tliY:JJ~l1!!0)!iP$J;!\'1.t 'J J>¥.tA:!.'1.1l:.ii 3 -r>a:•HJ.):t'Lt-:.. IEW.t.:~l1!!>a:kt..n·~i5
K-7£~ f.t.IJ•-0 t-:.ti;. JtPtt fi: J: fJ Jlj';: l.. t-:. t 0) .\l!.b:t'Li5, H il:.:rlft., Jl.~t/ ~t · 1ttlt ~;t"Lt-:..\:IE~lO)~]l·-c;h~ 11:, Pecten cf. a/bicans (ScHROTEil). 1802. Mizuhopecten cf. yessoensis(J ..\Y), 1857. Spisula sacha/inensis (SCIIRF.:-<cK). 1867 ;.:.Jol]:.e~;I'Li5o .=.tt.l?O) :1 tJR;t,. ;,j;;·Jof-1-ltffl; .. U:ifd)/] · ~:i\ibHiH.:.~ljj]jO)tO)L'. Pecten albicans 11ifs:~~l~ttm-;:J.lfi.!.ifilliL'7i'::{Ji-t~.
Mizu/wpecten cf. yessoensis '.!.' t.:: ~tfii'Jt(liPt£>a:.JN4"f..:t'JW:. ltt&M.:St.&.V'm~lt/;!;:::/i{.l,...

c

c

<

:ti~&cHk~flli)(]::Ga-Pflt,

i t-:.(lfl/J·O)ft:ti'Jit.lli!:&M~str.

:1:111 ;J.j: •J' Iff.· ~ Jit 1J ~Some marine shells from the deposits·of the Kunohe Terrace were given to
the junior writer in 1957 by Mr. Koichiro Yoshida, teacher of the Kuji HighSchool. Kuji City in Iwate Prefecture,for determination of the generic andspecific names as well as of the geological age of the terrace deposits. To datethere had been no record of any kindof fossils from the said terrace deposits,
and although it had been thought to beof marine origin. there was no direct
evidence. For this reason, the discovery
of marine shells from the terrace deposits is of considerable interest.
The Kunohe terrace is Plain V of
NAKAGAWA (1961), who states that "The
distribution of Plain V is within thearea of resistant rocks. The gradientof the plain with its deposits of sands
and gravels is gentle or sub-horizontal.
In the northeastern parts of the Kita-

kami \lassif. the Plain V ranges between
160 and 200 meters in altitude. The
features of the plain resemble to thoseof Plain Ill. though no fossil is foundto date. Probably, the Plain V indicatesthe high sea-level during the penultimate
interglacial stage ". He also shows that
Plain V or the Kunohe Terrace is theoldest among the ones distributed in the
Kitakami l'vlassif in northeastern japan.
but he gave no direct evidence for thegeological age of it.
The fossils comprise three casts ofmarine shells, one of an isolated rightvalve, and the two others of brokenparts of two different genera of bivalves.
The latter l wo are so ill- preserved that
it was very difficult to determine theirgeneric positions and approximate specific relations with known species. However, fortunately the three specimens
could be determined as belonging to,Pecten cf. albicans (SCHROTER), Mizuhopecten cf. yessoensis (JAY), and Spisula* Received September 28. 1964; read September 20. !96·1 at Hiroshima.

sachalinensis (SCHRENCK).
All of the three mentioned genera andIntroduction and Acknowledgments

28

484.

Marine Shells from. the Knnohe Terrace

species are found commonly along thecoasts of northern Honshu, Hokkaido
and Sakhalin, whereas only Pecten albicans is distributed as far south as Central and Western Honshu. japan. Fromsuch considerations it can be stated thatthe evidence of the three genera andspecies is insufficient for discussing thegeological age of the Kunohe terrace
deposits. However. it seems that thefossils were drifted by longshore currents or thrown up on the sandy beachby waves. The wave action does notseem to have been in the plunge zoneor breaker zone because the terrace
deposits of the area do not show evidence of agitation. the sediments are
too well sorted and no en·atics were
found.
From the assemblage contammg nowarm water species and only thosefound commonly in the seas of northern
Honshu, it is evident or at least suggested that the climatic conditions may nothave been much different from that ofthe present at the same latitude.
An analysis was made of the mineralcomponents contained in 9.96 gr of thesediments which yielded Afizuhopecten
cf. yessoensis, with the following results:
magnetite 50 percent. limonite 30 percent, green hornblende 7 percent, quartz
13 percent. besides some pyroxene andfeldspar.
The abundant amount ofmagnetite also suggests that deposition
may have been in such an area as already mentioned.
Because the fossils are from a single
locality of the Kunohe terrace near Kuji
City, I wate Prefecture. repetition of thelocality and horizon will be avoided
under the remarks of each species. The
specimens are preserved in the collectionof the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University. Sendai(abbreviation. IGPS coli. cat. no.).

29

Acknowledgements are expressed to
Mr. Shun-ichi KATO of the l\Iorioka HighSchool in Morioka City and ~vlr. Koichiro YOSHIDA of the Kuji High School in
Kuji City, both in Iwate Prefecture, forkindly donating the speciments to thewriters for study and to Mr. l\Ioriaki
Ko-o.KOYAMA of the Geological Surveyof Hokkaido for his guidance in thefield.

Remarks on the Fossil 1\lollusca
Family Pectinidae
Genus Pecten r-vli..JLLER. 1776

Pecten cf. albicans (SCHROTER). 1802
Fig. 3.

Pecten albicans (SCHROTER) in REIIDER,
Nautilus. vol. 58. no. 2. p. 54, 194-1(SowERBY's Pecten laqueatus from Japanis a synonym of ScnRoTI-:R's species.
fide REHDER, op. cit.).
Pecten laqueatus SowER BY. Thes. Conch .. vol.
1. p. '16, pl. 15, fig. 101. 1847. ScHRE:'-IcK,
Moll. Amul'!and, p. 482. YOKOYAMA, jour.
Coli. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo. vol. 39. art.
6, p. 160, pl. 14, figs. 9, 10, 1920 and of
authors.

Pecten excavatus ANTo:-; or YoKOYAMA. 1922.
jour. Col/. Sci., Imp. Uniz·. Tokyo, vol. 44.
art. 1, p. 183. pl. 15. figs. 5. 6 (not of
ANTOl".

1839).

In the present collection there is asmall broken part of a rather large shell(IGPS coli. cat. no. 85724) which has on
its surface several rounded radial ribs,
each of which is much narrower than
the rather flat-bottomed interspaces. The
fiat-bottomed interspaces are sculptured
with faint concentric lines which seemto be obliterated on the tops of the ribs
by subsequent wear. The fiat-bottomed
interspaces as well as the ribs themselves suggest that the curvature or30

I<otora HATAI ancl Rikizo 1MA1ZUMI

Figs. 1, 2. Spisu/a sachalinensis (ScllRENcK). 1-view from umbonal side. 2lateral view. Both in natural size.
Fig. 3. Plaster model of external surface of Pecten cf. albicans (SCHROTER).
showing development of characteristic radial riba. Natural size.

{;Onvexity of this preserved part of theoriginal shell was rather slight, in fact.
probably almost fiat in part. And. fromthe very slight angle of divergence ofthe radial ribs within the area of thepreserved broken part of the original

shell, it is suggested that the original
specimen may have been a rather large
one.
From the features just described it isjudged that the preserved broken partof the original specimen was the left-~84.

.\Iarine Shells f1·om the Kunohe Ten·uce

valve of the genus Pecten. and mostprobably of the species albicans. The
present specimen is identified with albicans for several reasons as. the degreeof divergence of the radial ribs as w·ell
as their shape coincide well with theleft valve of the Recent specimens ofthat species and the spacing andstrength of the faint concentric growthlines (somewhat worn) on the flatbottomed interspaces of the radial ribs
also seem to be identical with or al
least very similar to those of the left
valve of the Recent. And. the nearlyflat specimen at hand is very similar tothat of the left valve of the Recent
a/bicans.

:31

valves are joined. Since both sides
show the same angle. the specimen can
not belong to Pecten albicans. which has
the valves strongly inequivalve, or tosome member of t.he Veneridae becauseof the angle formed by the junction of
the ventral part of the valves and by
the development of low radial ribs
which are about as broad as the interspaces. For the mentioned reasons thebroken part of a large shell is considered
to be either very close to or identicalwith the named species. However. naming must be reserved until better specimens are obtained.
Family 1\Jactridae

Genus Mizuhopecten ~·IASuDA. 1963

Genus Spisula GRAY. 1838

Jllizulzopecten cf. yes~oe11sis (JAY}, 1857

Sj!isula saclwlinensis (SCIIRE:'\CK), 1838

Pecten ycssoensis ]AY. Rep. Shells Coil. jap.
Exped., p. 393, pl. 3. figs. 3. ·1, pl. figs. 1.
2. 1857. SCHKE1'.'CK. Moll. Amurland. p.
·184. pl. 20. figs. 1--l, 1867. YoKOYA:'\IA,jour. Col/. Sci .. Imj1. Univ. Tokyo. vol.
3.9. art. 6. p. 159. pl. 13. figs. lei. 15, 1920.
~O~IURA and HATAI, Saito flo-on Kai
Mus. Notes. Spec. No .. J>. 2. J!l:{2.
Pecten (PalinopecUn) yessocnsis ]AY. ~O·~lt:RA and HAT.\1. Saito lfo-on Kai .\Jus ..
Res. /Jull.. 110. 5. p. 6. 1935. Nmrtm,\,
Ibid., no. 5. p. 105, pl. 5. fig. 5. 1935.
Patinopccten yessoensis yessoensis (JAY).
MAst:LH, Sci. Rep .. Tolwku Unit.• .. Ser.
2. Ceo/., !Jo/. 33. 110. 2, p. 213. pl. 26, tigs.
5. 6. 1962.

Figs. I. 2.

An anterior portion of a large bivalve
shell is in the collection. The specimen
is considered to be a part of Alizuhopecten yessoensis (JAY) judged from thefaint indications of broad. rounded radialribs which are about as broad as theflatly rounded intcrspaces and from theprofile of the anterior portion showing
the approximate angle at which the

Maclra saclwlinensis SCIIRE:>ICIC Moll. ilntur/and. p. 575, pl. 23. figs. 3-7, 1867.
,'v/actra sachalinensis ScHRENCK Yar. imperia/is Yor<OYA:\1:\, .four. Coil. Sci .. Imp.
Unit·. Tokyo, vo/ . .J.J. art. 1, p. 129. pl. 7.
figs. 9. 10, 1922 (from Otake. Shisui andShito in Shimosa. and Oji and Tabata inl\lusashi).
Spisula sachalinensis (Sci!RF.:>:CK). TAKI
and OY.\\IA, Pa/aon/. Soc. japan, Special
Paper No. 2, p. '15, pl. 27. figs. 7-10 (figs.
7. B=Mactra dtmkeri YOKOYA\IA. 7=
paratypc. 8=holotype. designated by
TAKI and Qy A:'\IA. loc. cit.), (figs. 9, 10=Mactra sacha/inensis var. imperia/is
YoKOYA:O.IA. 9=paratype. lO=holotype,designated by TAKI and 0YA:-.rA. loc.
cit.). Figures all reproduced from original paper (YOKOYA:\L\, 1922). 195•1.
Spisula sachalinellsis (SciiRENCK). No:-IuRA
and HATAI. Saito Ho-011 /(ai Mus. Notes.
Spec . .Vo .. p. i (from coast of );'onai andKugurizaka in Mutsu Bay). 1932.
Mactra (Spi.w/a) sachalillellsis Sc11RENCK.
No~IURA and HATAI, Saito flo-on Kai

Kotora lTATAI and Rikizo lMAIZUMI
Mus .. Res. Bull .. no. 5, p. 18 (landed by
Tsunami of 1933: Sanriku coasl). 1935.
(Mactra ludorjii Dul'\I<I,R. Mactra sacha·linensis var. imperio/is YoKoY A:-.IA, andMactra s/raminea DmmEJ~. as well as
Mactra dunkeri YoJ,OYAl\IA are syno·
nyms: lhe last menlioned is an immatureform).
Remarlzs:-YOKOYA~IA (1922. p. 129)distinguished his var. imperialis fromSCIIRE"'CK's Mactra sachalinensis. which
was reported and figured by ToKU~AGA(1906, p. 39. pl. 2, fig. 25) from Oji inTokyo, by the variety having moretriangular shell outline. a shorter anterior muscular impression and with alarger ligamenta! pit \Vhich protrudes
more downward. This distinction wasmade with the sachalinensis figured bv
TOKU:\AGA (1906. pl. 2. fig. 25) and n~twith the original illustrations of ScH·RENCK. TOKUNAGA's figured sacha/inensis is a rotund shell.
Comparing the illustrations of YoKO·
YA.\IA (1922. pl. 7. figs. 9. 10) with theones of TOKUNAGA (1906, pl. 2. fig. 25)
it is evident that the features uponwhich YOKOYA\<IA proposed his variety
imjJerialis can be recognized as valid.
However. YoKOYA!\IA (1922. p. 129) evenstated that " there is considerable variation in the shape of the shell. somebeing more ovate than others". The
original figures of SCHRE;-\CK (1867. pl.
23. figs. 3-7) show rounded forms as
illustrated by ToKU);AGA (1906. op. cit.),thus verifying the statements by NoMURA and HATAI (1935) and of TAKI
and OYAJ\IA (1954) that imperialis is asynonym of sachalillensis.
However.
there still seem to be room for finding
whether biometrical analysis of the shellsof Spisula sachalinensis (SCHRENCK) \\'ill
result in discovering geographical forms
as described by NoMURA and I-lATA!
(1937. p. 1-5, pl. 1. 2) in Neptunea arlh-

ntica I3ER.:-IARDJ from Northern andCentral Honshu, Japan. They could distinguish geographic forms of latitudinalvalue and of importance in the studyof its fossil forms from the Pleistocene
and younger deposits of Japan. A similar phenomenon was recorded bv IIATAT(1939. p. 99-118. pl. 8) in Coptot hyris
grayi (DAVIDSO:\), a brachiopod which is
distributed widely around the JapaneseIslands.
The specimen in the present collection(IGPS coli. cat. no. 85726) which is
identified with Spisula sachalinensis(SCHRENCK) is also identical with thevariety imperialis YOKOYAl\IA. a form
which also occurs as Recent in the seas
bordering Sakhalin. The present specimen. however. is not well preserved,
the shell covering was dissolved. and theinternal cast is broken in part at its
umbonal region and slightly along theventral margin. However, the generaloutline of the shell. convexity. strengthof the hinge-line area and the cast of
the teeth. very faint indications of theexternal growth lines (sometimes appearing as corrugations). are all preserved
to a gracte permitting identification with
the named species.
The ill-preserved specimen measuresabout 7.5 em in height. a little morethan 10 em in length and approximately
5.5 em in thickness of an isolated rightvalve. in the preserved condition.

References
K .. (1939): A 1\ote on a Cenozoic
Brachiopoda. Copt of !Iyris grayi (DAviDso;.~).
jubilee Pub/. Commem. Prof. H.
}'.AilE's 601!1 Birthday, 99-118. pl. 8.
]AY. ]. C .. (1857): Report of the shells Col·lected by the Japan Expedition, under
the Command of Commodore. M.C. PERRY,
U.S.N .. together with a List of Japanese
HATAI.

484.

MaTine Shells from the Knnohe Te·rrace

Shells. 291-297, pl. 1-5.
MAsUDA. K., (1962) : Tertiary Pectinidae ofjapan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ .. Ser. 2.
Ceo/., 3:l (2). 117-193. 11 figs .. pis. 18-27.
NAKAGAWA, II .. (1961): Pleistocene Eustasy
and Glacial Chronology along the Pacific
Coastal Region of japan. Conlr. Ins/.
Geol. /'al .. Tohoku Unit• .. 54. 1-61. 16 figs ..
3 tables. (Japanese with Abstract inEnglish).
- - (1963) : Quaternary Tephlochronology
in Northeast Honshu, japan. Quat. Res.,
3 (1-2). 88-93. (English and japanese).
KoMURA S .. (1935) : Fossil Mollusca fromthe Vicinity of Ogino. Yama-gun. Hukusima-Ken. Saito lfo.on Kai Mus .. Res.
Bull .. 5. !01-125, pl. 5-7.
--and K. IIAT,\1. (1932) : Marine 1\lollusca
from Mutsu Bay. Saito Ho-on Kai Mus.
Notes. SjJecia/ Numlll!r. p. 1-13.
- - and - - . (1935) : Catalogue of the
Shell-bearing Mollusca Collected fromthe Kesen and l'vlotoyosi Districts, Northeast Honsyu. Japan. immediately after
the Sanriku Tunami. !\larch 3. 1933, with
the Descri1>tions of Five New Species.
Saito l/o-o11 /(ai Mus., Res. Bull .. 5. 115; pl. 1. 2.
- - and - . (19:!7) : On the Variation of
Neptunea arthritica BEH='ARDI from Xorthern and Central Honsyu, Japan. Saito

Kitakarni
Kunohe

1:

p

9•)

,)t_)

Ho-on Kai Mus .. Res. llu/1 .. 13, 1-5. pl.
1-2.
REHDER. H. A.. (19-14) : A New Pectinid
Shell from the Pacific Ocean. with a
Note on the Genus Palliolum ScHROETER.
Nautilus. 58 (2), 52-5-I. pl. 2.
ScHRE='CK. L.. (1867): Moliusken Amurlandes und Nordjapanischen 1\leeres.
Reisen und Forschung im Amur·La11de in
den ]ahren 1854-1856. 2 (3). 259-976. pl.
12-28. 1 map.
SoWERBY, G. B.. (18-ti'): 1\·lonograph of theGenus Pecten. Thesaurus Co11cholium. 1.
45-82, pl. 12-20.
TAKI. I. and K. OYA~IA. (195·1): Matajiro
YoKoYA:<.!A's The Pliocene and Later
Faunas from the Kwanto Region injapan.
Palaeo11t. Soc-. ]apa11, Special
Papers. 2. 1-68. pl. 1-49.
To~o; t::>:AGA. S.. (1906) :Fossils from the
Ell\·irons of Tokyo. jour. Coli. Sci .. Imp.
Univ. Tokyo, 21 (2). p. 1-96, pl. 1-6.
YoKOYAMA. M .. (1920) : Fossils from theMiura Peninsula and Its Immediate
North. jour. Coil. Sci .. Imp. U11iv. Tokyo,
39 (6). 1-186, pl. l-20.
- - . (1922) : Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. Jour.
Coil. Sci., Imp. Uniz·. Tokyo, <1·1 (1). 1200. pl. 1-17.

Kuji

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan,~. S .. No. 57, pp. 3·1-37. April 30, 1965

485.

A STING RAY AND EAGLE RAY FROl\I THE TATSUNOKUCHI
FORMATION (PLIOCENE) IN SENDAI CITY,MIYAGI PREFECTURE. JAPANKOTORA HAT AI. 3IASAFU:\II :\IURAT A
andKUICHIRO :\IASUDA
Institute of Geology and Paleontology Faculty of Science.
Tohoku University Sendai, Japan~C£;r-.,\"'.l!l{(l)t*['t,(;ftl~Lf-:,"*-"'" fl::.t:i: ~~r:~mn·t:~.l!Lt-: "~n·.::tl.·" (l)~tH'tN.v; "clf.::tl.·"~ :J:t·J' fJE • H If! lE 5C • J1'l Ill Jf:- fiG

Introduction

Descriptions of the Ray Specimens

The Tatsunokuchi Formation (Sendai
Group) of marine origin is well known
to the paleontologists and geologists ofjapan because of the interesting marine
fauna reported from its lower to middle
parts. This fauna consists of abundant
shell-bearing marine pelecypods, scaphapods and gastropods (S. NoMURA. 1938,
S. Nm!URA and K. HATAI. 1936, H. YABE
and K. IIATt\1. 19-10), decapod crustaceans(T. NAGAO, 1940), foraminifers tY. TAKA·YA~AGI, 1950). shark teeth (Y. )SHIWARA,
1921. K. 11:\TAI. 1938), whale bones andear bones (1<. HATAI, S. HAYASAKA andK. ~\IASUDA, 1963), an elephant (H.
MATSUMOTO, 1927), a cetacean called
Delphi11us sp. (S. HA:\ZAWA, et al., 1953),
plant leaves (H. OKUTSU, 1955) besides
others which have not yet been described. However, there has been no recordof sting ray or eagle ray from theformation.

Suborder l'vlasticura• Received October 20. 1.964: read :\ovember 2·1, 196·1 at Sapporo.

Family Dasyatidae
Genus !Jasybatus (KLEIN) GMHv!Al'\, 1885
Dasybatus cf. akajei(~IULLER

and IIENI.E)

Figs. 5, 6.
1962.

Dasybatus
akajei(ML'LLER
andHnn.E). HATAI and KoTAKA. Trans.
Proc. Paleont. Soc. japan, N. S .. 110. 45.
p. 202. pl. 30, figs. 3, -1. 6. 7. 9. (tailspine only).

Remarks:-The single spine studied
is now in the collection of the Sendai
First High School. It is well preserved
except for its tip and basal parts which
are lost. The small denticles along its
lateral sides differ from the Recent
Dasyba/us akajei tail spines in the angular backward curvature, especially near
the tip and in the more defined narrow

!,85.

Stinr1 H(Llf and Eagle Hay from Tatsunokuchi

flattened area adjacent to the spines in
the fossil specimen. Further, the surfaceof the fossil St>inc has finer longitudinal
wrinkles than the Recent Dasybatus,
and the cross-section of the shaft in thepresent fossil is more flattened than in
the Recent one. The fossil under consideration measures about 67 mm inpreserved length of the shaft. about
15 mm in width inclusive of the spines.
and there are about 12 spines in a distance of about .tO mm.
From the details of the present fossil
specimen. it is difficult to identify itwith the Recent Dasybat us akaiei ':.ltLLER and llE:\I.EI to which it is very
similar. and is also different from Dasvbatus nipponellsis I-lATA! and KoTAKA(Op. cit.. p. 201. pl. 30, figs. 5, 8. 10 .. a
Miocene species from 1vlizunami City.

Gifu Prefecture. and IJ. masudae 1-IATAJ
and KoTAKA (Op. cit .. p. 204, pl. 30. figs.
1. 21 from the lvliocene of Nisatai inFukuoka-machi. Ninohe-gun. lwatc Prefecture in the nature of the denticles
on the lateral parts and of the spines.
shape of the shaft and in detail of the
sculpture. The differences just cited
seem to be sufficient to propose a newsubspecific name. and for the specimen
the name of ri kuzenensis is proposed asa subspecies of akajei.
Family :.'vlyliobatidae
Genus .\ly/iobatis CUVIER. 1817
Myliobatis sendaicus 1-lATAI. MURATA
and MASUDA. n. sp.
Figs. 1-4.

Figs. t-4. Myliobatis sendaicus HATAI. 1\lt:RAT.\ and M,\st·n.\. 11. 5p.
x3 !-view of upper surface. 2-lateral view. 3-lateral ,·iew from opposite
side. •1-view of under surface showing ridges and furrows.
Figs. 5-6. Dasybalus cf. akajei (Mi:LJ.ER and f-lJ.::-.:u:). xi 5-vicw ofshaft showing recurved teeth and wrinkles on 3urface. 6-lateral view of
rccurvcd teet h.

:36

K. HATAI, J.11. JlURtlTA ancl K. 1lLtSUD.{

The nearly straight. rather narrow.
parallel sided. not thick, isolated plateof a tooth measures 16 mm in length,
0.5 mm in width. and 0.4 mm in thickness.
Its upper surface is smooth,
whereas the comb-like lower surface has
20 ridges. each of which is almost equal
to or a little narrower than the furrows
in width. Ridges appear to be more or
Jess \veak in structure
Locality and horizon :-Lower part of
the Tatsunokuchi Formation (Sendai
Group) in the Tatsunokuchi gorge below
the bridge in the southern part of Sendai
City, i\Iiyagi Prefecture. IGPS coil. cat.
no. 85998. Coil. K. :'vlASUDA. 1963.
Remarl?s: - Comparing the present
plate with specimens of Myliobatis previously recorded from japan. many outstanding differences between them arenoticed.
Myliohalis sp. reported and figured by
TOKUNAGA (1906. p. 72. pl. 6, fig. 1) fromthe Pleistocene Tokyo Formation at
Tabata in Tokyo City, is stated to be
30 mm in length. 5.5 mm in thickness.
and to have 28 ridges. The ridges andfurrows, judged from the original figures,seem to be about the same in width.
ToKUNAGA stated that his single
specimen was similar to lvfyliobatis cornu/a GUNTHER from the seas of Riku·
zen and Hizen. but the later plate measures H mm in length. 3.5 mm in widthand 2 mm in thickness. Thus. ToKU·
NAGA's specimen is larger than the
Recent one just mentioned. Both thefossil and Recent specimens reported by
TOKUNAGA can be distinguished fromthe present one from the Tatsunokuchi
Formation by the greater width andlength, and by the ridges. \\·hich in thelatter are equal to or little narrower
than the furrows.
The teeth of a
Recent Alyliobatis tobijei BLEEKER was

illustrated by OzAKI (1958. p. 178. pl. 13,
This specimen shows 23
figs. 1-3).
ridges, and the ridges appear to bebroader than their furrows.
A Pliocene Myliobalis sp. was illustrated by OZAKI ~1958, p. 178. pl. 13. figs.
·1-6), who pointed out that it is similar
with Myliobatis lenuicauda/us. \\·hich
was figured by E. R. \VAITE (1923. The
Fishes of South Australia. p. 59). Thisfossil specimen of OZAKI is stated tomeasure 26.5 mm in length. 7.0 mm inwidth and 9.0 mm in thickness. lL has
25 ridges on the slightly arcuate plate.
and the ridges appear to be broader
than the furrows. The ridges are notvery strong in aspect. OzAKI's specimen
is stated to be from the Na-Arai Formation of Cape Jnuwaka. Choshi City,
Chiba Prefecture.
The Pliocene and Recent specimens
reported and figured by OzAKI can bothbe distinguished from the present one
by the larger number of ridges which arebroader than the furrows. whereas they
are almost equal to or a little narrower
than the furrows in width in the present tooth.
As mentioned above. the present tooth
may represent an undescribed speciesof the genus Myliobatis for which thename of sendaicus is proposed. The
name is taken from Sendai \Vhere thespecimen was found.

References
I-IAl'ZAWA,I\IURA.

S., IlATAI, K .. IWAI. J., KITA·
N. and SHIBATA. T. (1953) : The

Geology of Sendai and its Em·irons. Tolwku Univ., Sci. Rep .. Ser. 2. Ceo/ .. Fol.
25. p. l-50, 4 charts. geol. map.
1-L\TAI. K. (1938) : A ReYiew of the Fossil
Cirripedia and Shark-Teeth from theRegion of Northeast Honsyu, Japan.
!Jiogeogr. Soc. japan. Bull .. vol. 8 no. 5.

48.5.

Stinu Ray awl Eagle Ray from Tatsunokuchi

p. 103-110.
- - (1939) : Plio-Pleistocene versus Lower
Pliocene Age for the Tat.sunokuchi Beds
Developed in Sendai and Its Environs.
Rikuzen Province. ~ortheast Honsyti.
Japan. jap. ]our. Geo/. Geogr .. uol. 16,
II OS. 3-4, p. 239-2.f3.
- - (1940) : A Review of the Stratigraphy
and Paleontology of the Tertiary Deposits of the Environs of Sendai. 1\Iiyagiken, Northeast Honsyu. japan. ]ap. jour.
Geol. Geogr .. vol. 17. nos. 1-2. p. 125-157.
- - and KoTAKA. T. (1962) : Dasybatus
from the Japanese 1\Iiocene. Trans. Proc.
Paleont. Soc. japan. N. S .. no. -15. p. 201205. pl. 30.
- - , HAYASt\KA, S. and :'vlAst:DA, K. (1963):
Some Fossil Tympanies from the :\Iizuho
Period of Nonhern Japan. Saito Ho-rm
Kai Mus .. Res. Bull., no. 32. p. 5-1'1. pl.
1-2.
lslli\L\R.\, Y. (1921) : On Some Fossil SharkTeeth from the J'\eogene nf Japan. To·
floku Unil' .. Sci. Rep., Ser. 2. Geol .. uol. 5.
p. 61-71. pl. 10-12.
MATSU~IOTo. H. (1927) :On Two New
Mastodonts and an Archetypal Stego·
dont of Japan. Tohok11 Unit· .. Sci. Rep ..
Ser. 2. Geol .. vol. 10. no. I. p. 1-12. pl. 1S.

N,\GAo. T. (19-10) : On a New Brachyura
Crab from the Tatunokuti Bed of Sendai.
:\Iiyagi Prefecture. Hokkaido Univ .. jour.
InuwakaNisatai:*::37

Fac. Sci .. Ser. 2. uo/. 6. no. I. p. 69-73.
pl. 23.
No~wRA. S. (1938): :'vlolluscan Fossils fromthe Tatunokuti Shell Bed Exposed at
Goroku Cliff in 1he ·western Border of
Sendai. Tohoku Univ .. Sci. Rep., Ser. 2.
Geol .. t•ol. 18. no. 2. p. 235-275. pl. 33-36.
- - and H.'\TAI. K. (1936) : On Some Species of the Genus Area from the Neogene of Northeast Honsyu. japan. ]ap.
jour. Geol. Geogr .. vol. 13. nos. 1-2, p.
63-70. pl. 12-13.
0KUTSU. H. (19:5:>) :On the Stratigraphy
and Paleobotany of the Cenozoic Plant
Beds of the Sendai Area. Tolroku Uni11 ..
Sci. Rep .. Ser. 2 Ceo/ .. vol. 26. p. 1-114.
33 figs .. 8 pis.
OzAK 1, H. (1958) : Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies on the Neogene andPleistocene Formations of the Tyosi District. Nat. Sci. A/us .. Bull .. z•o/ . .J. no. 1.
p. 1-182. 15 f1gs .. tables and maps. 24 pis.
TAKAYA:'\AGI, Y. (1950): Pliocene Smaller
Foraminifera
fromWestern Sendai.
Short Papers. Ins/. Geol. Pal .. Toho!m
Univ .. no. 2. p. 23-28. 6 !igs.
YAHE, 1!. and l-IAT.\1, K. (1940) : A Note
on Pecten (Fortipecten. subgen. nov.)
takahashii Y01<oYA1\IA and its Bearing
nn the Neogene Deposits of japan. Tohoku Univ.. Sci. Nep .. Ser. 2. Geol., r:ol.
21. 110. 2. p. 147-160. pl. 35. 36.

¥','

Tatsunokuchi

r= l!i: 'JZ

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPANEl *ti~#Jc{:~~ 89fl1l(~~:t.;J:(;>: rUttramicrO·
paleontology Q).ifll~c:..f:*J :to .tV: r::Gr.~. l~lt\F"'
IIIJI.\!1J t·.::. -:>1., -c Q)-;-- :,.~ :¥- / •:> .l-'//· 1964 1f- 11 1J 2-J
El (*.) ~tifl.mtJ..:•'?-JIIl~ffiSl't!!fi"f-1t~"1!¥!<~ (4-:fti'O:t-:; .t1Y? 7-? ;;:;M;.::.~~. --cmHln~ttt-=.,(~1Jnif 35 fl)A~tiiJJjll'I'JIIIIITJW;.i;:t'l:-;; .?·!t.:G...

.m:;$; li

Some i\Iarine Shell-bearing Mollusca fromthe Alluvial Deposits of Yamashita-cho,
Watari-gun. Miyagi Prefecture (f~;hf!) ....

38.............................. Kotaro I!As~o:Sleinmannella ( }'eharella) kimurai fromthe Futaba Group in Northeast Japan( {1,:,1-ii!) ...................... Shiro MA EVA
Lower Cretaceous Trigonids from the To·
dai Formation. Central japan (f\':.lll:) ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shiro MAEDA
The Collignoniceratidae from Hokkaido.
Part 1. Collignoniceratidae (fi:~) ..... .
.................... Tatsuro MATSU~IoTu
Oxy/ropidoceras Q)~~ ... . 1\re;,j,.: Ii. · WUIIJJJH~:R!llJ·IJ.rff:1tJJlll!llf{~H& <{.!'!frill: !lfacrocheira!7 :JJ 7 '/ 7i =- <f~;}A;) ................ ''NiUJJiJ.:
A Sting Ray and Eagle Ray from theTatsunokuchi Formation (Pliocene) in
Sendai City. Miyagi Prefecture. Japan(1~11-ii!) ............ Kotara HATAI. Masa·
fumi Mt:RATA and Koichiro MAsUDA
Waagenophyl/um Sea ..................... .

. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 7~~ . ilj)Jj(1,f;~lE~ . /Jill/~

7 v ; '/ ?'J{:ili!~~Q)1i lik:*'.:!-ii-Y :l'{t.br.::.-?~'"C. bnJ!Ji~

Desmostylus minor Q)jl<'ffft.1i ........ f.{t(l:t.'fQ)J.!:Jt*~.. .. .. .. .. .

UILramicropaleonlology Q)jffiJj.<c:Gr:t . ~P9r.l1~. .. .. <.m~.fi.HJUfi> .... =n.::j~. lfl!fl.1~~

On the postcranial skelten of japanese
Desmostylid ...................... J/1!11.,~)~A new species of Rusa from western Kyu.
shu ............................. . j.:~mz

II ;.f>:Uili1li!YJ~Jffi\Q)~Jll{ · · · · · · · · · · · · · ··.I)- Jltl'f!JI!.
~~fflQ)B·~~~~-~~~-~~~~L"t'. ................................. fHul!X!.(On the genus Tilia from the TVoodu·ardia·
zone of Hokkaido and with descriptionsof the two new species ........ Seido E:-;uo
1\'lii~:J!Jtffi~Jl~JfitiJ.Jt:.i!Eif\ Lt-:.1:$Fiilli*CQ) Sa/.
,,inia t.::.··:n ·"C ................... ~Ji!*fli
0R:to~~~M~~b·~~D~~-~~ftQ)
Ut:igerina ~il.::. "'?\ · "( .............. 'ilf*iKHB

Shell structures of Japanese Foraminifera.
Pt. 1. Rotalia tocl!igiensis UCIIIO, 1951.
.. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .
Hiroshi UJIIE
Ditto. Pt. 2. Notalia ni/JIIonica J\sano. 1936.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hiroshi UJIIE~illtfllkWk ~ 1!/; flpO)i'fiJ ~tJ · ~f*m L t-:~ L" ·X.
il'l.JQ) :r. f.l 7 H ...................... :JkiRJit!X**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (~~HIHJ~~) .... *rt........................ Jl!ll!jEl ;;fi:Q) 'HIMUili1l.!lliJ~ft.Ti MH.::. ~, "C .... !Ht-11111\':RJ;;G
i~

Some fossil Arwdara from Southwest japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hiroshi NODAClassification of the Astartacea from theLower Cretaceous of Japan ........... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . itanr IIAYAMI

HJl,;i~·tf:~~ft 1965 ~lll:ft~:to .tv=¥~(i 1965
if I rJ 23 (J:), 24 8 ( E1) JIOi~IJtldl"f:t!Q!~Wftllt.::.
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A new occurrence of Scutellum in the
Silurian of Shikoku Island ............. .
Teiichi KoBAYASHI and Takashi I LurAVA
A Proetoid Trilobite from Perlis. Malaya(Malaysia) ............................. .
Teiichi KoBAYASHI and Takashi HA:>.IADA
ili.... J::~tftl!IiJ1.

.................. qt~~~
7 7,; 1vi!i'; Mesosaurus 1.::.0~. <::ZU~h~Q)~.~Q)ft.Zi

New species, Myophorella (Haidaia) kaP·pazakensis from the Kappazaka Formation in the Kwanto Mountainland, Central
Japan ........................ Shiro MAEDA
1 Y rJW8Jili*C7 Y..C:J-1 l· Q) 2 · 31.:.-?~'L· .

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