Reprint from MYCOTOXINS
Vol. 53, No.1

January, 2003

Mycotoxins Vol. 53 (1), 2003

25(!tt)? -1 :J r -"f s- / ~1t1tb~(230-0054 m~rlHt~~~*~.b~j 151JHt!!)

1994:tfiJ'G 2000:tf*l:'0)~~:mj:.0)-'iaA~I::tolt~777 r4-~/ (AF) ~~*6*~~
LJ::. ~~16~0) AF ~~Id:, 1994 :tf!,)' G 1999:tf3 Ji 11 8 * l:"d:f*!& lJ::~J\flO) 1 kg 0) '5~0)f-iL0) 50 g ~5tlJf~J\fl c J.., LPt::;b~, -fO)f~l;;I:ilt&rm~~I: t C fAF ~~~O)~J!I:~ f) f*!& J.., t: 1 kg O)~li ~nw J.." fJtW J.., t: 50 g ~5tlJf~J\fl-t ~ z c I: tj: -:J t::. :*f-iLfi,IJ\~j[~ ~-fr;b-ttt:: AFB 1 0)~lfH2!t C ~ffi$Id:, 1994 :tf;b> G 1998 :tf-:>PL Id:, 8040 ~f*rp 69~f* (0.9%) ;b> G~ffi J.." -f0)r*J 29 ~f* (0.4%) ;b~ 10 ppb W~l:'<tJ -:J iz , * i: AF O)~ffi
iIl~Id:, 4900 ppb 1J> G 0.2 ppb l:' <tJ -:J t::. 1999 :tf;b> G 2000 1f1:-:>t)L 1;;1:, 5108 ~f*rp 355<~f* (6.9%) ;b>G~ffiJ.."-f0)r*J145~f* (2.8%) ;b~lOppbW~l:'<tJ-:Jt;:. AF~ffiill~
1;;1:, 760 ppb 1J> G 0.2 ppb l:' <tJ -:J t::. ilt8M1fJj:.~ ~~J! ~ ht::.: C I: ~ f) ~ffi$;b~~ <tj: f) ,-'iaA~O)j:.~:m~O) AF ~~1J~~ft ~ ht::.

(Received: September 8, 2002, Revised & Accepted: November 19, 2002)

f!Ci/;ffi!0) 77'7 r -t- s- /' (AF) ~lH:I:, ffi!JL-=Y~jjm:1".M~jiJf (mffi!JL~~ffE~Jf~jiJf) 0)1ttnl tJ i?Jt=J: t') 1970iF-i/d3$R~I:::°-T ' j '/~~t=--:JP1:"f5~~lt;6~tT;bttt=. .f 0)*5* , $~ft~~J: t') AF;6;~ t ,*'"C'~rt ~ ttt;:. .f 0) J*~ ;6;JIiil!IA ~ tt/.::1".~1E:1". C 1:::0 - T 'j ' / ~£ '"C' JQ "? I.: t: ~ t= 1971 iF- J::t') :1".~1E:1"., t::- T ' j ' / ~~O)tTiI)(t=J: G JIiil!IA~~lt;6;tT;bttG J: '5 t= t:J."? t.:. .f O)f~ 1972 iF- 2).3)
J: f) Y" -1 ~ r 4- s- /'~ltthb$;;6~~A~O)1:~rt1:t=--:Jp-r AF ~lt~rr-:J -rp G. 1:~1E:1".tj:, ~$ t= jop -r i;UkJ 20 jJ ffi!;6> i?J JIiil!IA ~ tt-r P 1=;6; 1994 iF-;6> i?J 2000 iF-'"C'tj:, 10 jJ 00 t= t:J."? L P ~. JIiil!IAJ! 4) tj:, iF-.lJl~ 4 JJ 2 -=f r /' '"C'. fDUAOO (JIiil!IAJ!.f:~*) tj:. Iflffi! (59.2%). Wi77 I) jJ (23.3%).
7 ~ 1) jJ (13.6%), 1 /' r (1.9%). /~7 7"71 (1.2%) . .f0)ft!! (0.8%) '"C'ib ~.
AF O)~lt¥!Ij:, 1971 iF-1=~1E:1".O)~tC~¥!c: L, L~1t 128 % (P~fD 46 iF- 3 Ji 16 B1t) ~ i?J I=~
lt~~J{c: L, L 132 % (P~fD 46 iF- 3 Ji 18 B 1tX;6;/R ~ ttl.:. .f O)f~, 1981 ip. ~1t 202 % (P~fD 56iF- 9 Ji 12 B 1t) l:'-r 'y 'Y~~I=--:JPL F\ ,/7·. jJ - l- /' c@'22O)ml~l=J: t') 3*If>t1J¥!;6;/R ~ ttt.: .
.:: 0)t*If>t¥!;6; jJ - r /' A t') :1".~1E:1".t= --:J P -r t t*m ~ tt-r P G. 1996 iF-t=~lt-6P-tJ1liIJ8ti/;!\fuA~g
t=i1 L, -rt* i?J tt, f5~0)~r&'110)ib ~ 1t~ lj:rril)(ili-tJl= J: t') JIiil!IAP~t::~lt~-t ~ z c t= tj:"? I.:. 1:~:ffi1:li. ~lttfP~O)i1~~~ c t:J."? tz , Jj\;fI1mllj:. W8fj;6> i?J JIiil!IAI!fi It ili~ t::i1 L, -r:i:~ ~~1t L,.>"~<26

Mycotoxins
Table 1. Aflatoxin B1 inspection of groundnuts imported in Japan 1994-2000 (kernel and in shell)CountryYear

No. of Sample Notdetected"!
No. (%)

AFB1~10ppb

detected
No. (%)

Maxppb

Min ppb
AFB1> O.1ppb

Meanppb

No. (%)

AFB,<10ppb
No. (%)

Large type (varginia, others)

China
1994-1998
1999-2000*2

3045
2593

3041 (99.9)2444 (94.3)0(0.0)
56 (2.2)

4 (0.1)93 (3.6)

4 (0.1)149 (5.7)

8.8
320

1.6
0.2

4.2
22

5

5 (100)o (0.0)o (0.0)o (0.0)000

Total of Large type1994-1998
3050
1999-2000*2
2593

3046 (99.9)2444 (94.3)

o (0.0)56 (2.2)

4 (0.1)93 (3.6)

4 (0.1)149 (5.7)

8.8
320

1.6
0.2

U. S. A.
1995

Small type (spanish, others)
S.Africa
1994-1998
1999-2000*2

2058
976

2049 (99.6)
909 (93.1)

5 (0.2)26 (2.7)

4 (0.2)41 (4.2)

9 (004)67 (6.9)

4900
760

004
0.274049

China
1994-1998
1999-2000*2

1557
806

1553 (99.7)
751 (93.2)

2 (0.1)22 (2.7)

2 (0.1)33 (4.1)

4 (0.2)55 (6.8)

120
420

0.2
0.2

33

U. S.A.
1994-1998
1999-2000*2

888
613

874 (9804)
568 (92.7)

5 (0.6)16 (2.6)

9 (1.0)29 (4.7)

14 (1.6)
45 (7.3)

2100
300

004
0.2

350
38

India
1994-1998
1999-2000*2

233
47216 (92.7)
29 (61.7)

10 (4.3)
17 (36.2)

7 (3.0)1 (2.1)17 (7.3)
18 (38.3)

790
220

0.4
0.3

130
84

Praguay
1994-1998
1999-2000*2

19350

176 (91.2)
34 (68.0)

6 (3.1)5 (10.0)

11 (5.7)
11 (22.0)

17 (8.8)
16 (32.0)4805500.50.2

84
46

VietNam
1994-1998
1999*228624 (85.7)
2 (33.3)

1 (3.6)
3 (50.0)

3 (l0.7)
1 (16.7)

4 (14.3)
4 (66.7)

68
550

12

20
150

Argentina
1994-1998
1999*224
1724 (100)
16 (94.1)0(0.0)o (0.0)0(0.0)
1 (5.9)0(0.0)
1 (5.9)

0
4.6

0
00
4.6

Australia
1994, 1995

22 (100)o (0.0)0(0.0)

0(0.0)

00044 (100)o (0.0)0(0.0)o (0.0)000

33 (100)0(0.0)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

000

Total of Small type1994-1998
4990
1999-2000*2
2515

4925 (98.7)
2309 (91.8)

29 (0.6)89(3.5)36 (0.7)
117 (4.7)

65 (1.3)
206 (8.2)

4900
760

0.2
0.2

Total of Large type and Small type1994-1998
7971 (99.1)
8040
1999-2000*2
4753 (93.1)
5108

29 (0.4)
145 (2.8)40 (0.5)210 (4.1)

69 (0.9)355 (6.9)

4900
760

0.2
0.2

Sudan
1997, 1998
Unknown
1995*1Aflatoxin B1 detection limit is O.lppb*2Analysis of Inspection of groundnut aflatoxin Bi in 50g powder 1999. 3.11 and 1kg powder 1999. 3. 1238

I
•f•~!',J•~'

Vol. 53, (1), 2003

27

L" t \t:::.. *;fI1fjl::--:Jt \L" Ii, ~1tiP~iJtf*G;flG ~1WlifDUAFaHtli'J~~)(1::x1 G L" ¥-~0)~1t"C' £6 -::> t:::.
ibt~1tiP~l:: J: ~ ~J! ~ ;flfDUAmltli'J~I::x1 G L":i:~ ~~1tt".Q z <!:: 1:: td: -::> tz . 1999 if.l::00pg~tJl

1:: J: ~ fDUA:~tJifE1:.O)~&tiJ> G AF iJt~li'J G t:::. t:::. 66 l::fDUAa~O)~1t~~{I::t" G § a9"C'~*f0)~~¥!
<!:: G L"mit 43 ~ (-S:V-nl(; 11 if. 3 fl12 8 it) iJt~ ~ ;flt:::.. £f@], ~*f0)~~¥!0)~J!1:: J: ~ AF O)~
lfV~q:: is iJ!\ \iJtlJ- G;flt:::'O)-C'm~T G.

Mlif(/)I/JJN;YiiiAflO)~~¥!-a:~£-r G 1Wli, f*!& G I:::.iiit*f 1 kg -a: J: < 1!B'fr G, 50 g --:Jt \L"flW

G5HJTt-t*f <!:: G I~. mit 43 ~ (-S:V-nl(; 11 if. 3 FI 12 B ft) l:: J: G~1t¥!o)~£I: J: ~ f*!& G t: 1 kg-a: ~:S:flW G, .:z-;: iJ> G 50 g -a: *ifJT~*f t G t~ .

777 r.:f;/ /7}I/f~*ifJTli~it 128 ~"C'1Tt \, f!! G ~ 1) :JJ 7')I-:JJ 71>. J: G~~1W 70 o-t)I.-1>.

O)almJ 5) 1:--:JpL" li@]~~iJt*i-t;, td: P J: '5 1:3b:i:l:~*f;flBli'J~~~11!!I G td~-flHf 70 o-t)I.-1>."C'm

M G jJ 7 1>. 1:: A. ;fl tz , JE filii ~ ~* ~ CS - 9300PC ri JI mT :/ s- l- .)C - ~ - ~ mp 1i11J jffi 1Bl*365nrn, :El£::Yt1Bl* 450nrn "C'tr -::> t:::..

Table 11:~ G t~ J: '5 1: 1994 if-iJ> G 1998 if. ~ "C'0)*;fI1fj AFB l O)~li'J~li, 3050 ~f*$7&& <!:: td:
G 10 ppb ~J:O) t 0) li~ < (0%), 7&& <!:: Ii td: G td: P iJt 10 ppb *tPilJ AF iJt~li'J G t: ~ Ii 4 ~f*(0.1%) "C'£6 -::> tc . 1999 if.J: ~ ~*fO)jj/ijJ~¥!iJt~J!~ ;fl1999 if-, 2000 if. 0) AFBl O)~li'J~li, 2593
~f*$10ppb~J:~li'JGt:::.~li56~f* (2.2%), lOppb*tPilJ~iliGtd&li93~f*(3.6%) "C'£6-::>t:::.. tj\~1fjO) 1994 if.iJ> G 1998 if. ~ -C'O) AFB I ~li'J~li, 4990 ~f*J:P 10 ppb ~J:~ili LJd~icli 29~f* (0.6%), 10 ppb *tPilJ~li'J Gt:::.~li 36 ~f* (0.7%) -C'£6 -::> t:::.. 1999 if-l:~*fo)~~¥!iJt~£~ ;fl1999 if-, 2000 if.0) AFBl~li'J~li, 2515 ~f*$ 10 ppb ~J:~ili G 1:::.~li 89 ~f* (3.5%), 10ppb *tPilJ~ili LJ:::.~li 117 ~f* (4.7%) "(3'£6 -::> t:::..

1994 if.iJ> G 1998 if. ~ "C'O)*~fj, IJ\~fj -a: 'frb-tt I:::. AFBl 0) 10 ppb ~J:, 10 ppb *tPilJ -a:'frb-tt
t:::.~li'J~li, 8040 ~f*$ 69 ~f* (0.9%) "C' £6 "9 t~. ~ 1:::.Jj;& <!:: td: G 10 ppb ~J:li, 29 ~f* (0.4%)-C' £6 -::> I:::.. 1999 if.iJ> G 2000 if. ~ "C'0)*;fI1fj, IJ\;fI1fj ~'frb-ttt:::. AFBl 0) 10 ppb ~J:, 10 ppb *jjj~'frb-ttt:::.~li'J~li, 5108 ~f*J:P 355 ~f* (6.9%) -C' £6 -::> t:::.. ~ t:::.Jj;& <!:: td: G 10 ppb ~J:li 145~f* (2.8%) <: ih -::> I:::. •oo)JuO)m~--:JPL"J:~~t"Gt*~fjli$OO' 7.)C 1) :JJiJ>GfDUA~;fl, fDUA.O)~< li$OOiJ>G<:,7 .)C 1) :JJ iJ> G 1;:1:~1t~iJtj;' td: < J:~~i"" G z t 1;:1: "C' ~ td: iJ> -::> t:::.. IJ\~1fjO) 1994 if.iJ> G 2000 if. ~ «0)i/itnA.OOO)~li 6 jJ OOiJ> G 9 jJ 00<: £6 -::> I:::.. IJ\;fI1fjO)~1t~0) ~ P 3 :JJ 001:--:JPL"~1tiJt~{t ~ ;flt~~£i~O) 1999 if. , 2000 if.0) AFBl 0)~li'J~ . Sf-f8~li'J¥l1l ~ Jt~t" G C:, $OOli~li'J~ 6.8%. Sf­~¥l1l33 ppb , f¥j77 1) jJ li~li'J~ 6.9%, if:l$)allt 49 ppb , 7.)C 1) jJ li~li'J~ 7.3%, Sfj:(g alll 38ppb -C'£6-::> I:::.. ~ili~O)fJfpJlmlli:li, $OO<l¥i77 1) :JJ<7')c I) jJ"C'£6-::>t:::.. ~li'J¥lllO)fJfpJ'mlli:
Ii, I=/=tOO<7.)C 1) jJ<f¥j77I) jJ<:£6-::>t:::. . .:z-O)ft!!O)OO--:JPL"O)~li'J~li, fDUA.:S:lij;'td:PiJ t
l:m~OO t i§ b;fl L" P G 1 :/ F O)~ili~ 38.3%, ;\ 7 7·71 0)~li'J~ 32.0%, «r T 1>. 0)~li'J-?¥
66.7% "C' £6 -» t~. i/itnA.:S:0) ~ P 3 jJ 00 1:J:~/'(L" AF O)~li'J~iJt~iJ> -::> t:::..

Jl*

28

MycotoxinsiiiA,*O)~]t-C- AF ~'I1-C- ~ "? t.:~fE1:.n> G OOI*JO)rPj~f! ~ IfjUJ ~]t-C- AF n~~ili G i: i: 6tJ~flO)~jl!1*n~mk43 -%1: J: IJ 1 kg ~JIJ/;}WI:~J! ~ tLt.:. 1:.~fE1:.O) 50 g 0)*,1~li, *~fj-C-li~

52 ~-C- ~ .Q 0) I:X-'f G, IJ\*,1fj li*~ 125*'1 6) l" ib "? tc . 1 kg 0))fjL1& I: -:J p -r Ii, *)fjLfj-C- Ii 1040)fjL-C-IJ\)fjLfjl"li 2500)fjLl" ib "? t.:. ~]t1*n~~J! ~ tL~fll kg ~~JiWWT.Q z ~ I: ~ IJ, *'150 g ~~1F-f0)~ 20 ffiO)*,11& ~~1tT.Q .: ~ I: ~ "? ic . ~;ffi1:.0) AF ¥15~(i, ~*lli:O)/ft~-¥15~O) t.:6tJ 1kg I: T.Q .: ~ I: J: IJ AF ¥15~)fjLO)¥tlA1&n~~ G, ..:r 0)*6* AF ~ili*n~J: "? t.:. ~~1*0)~J!(: J:IJ 1 kg ~~JiWii¥T.Q': ~l" AF~1!tn~~1t~tLt.:~~A. GtL.Q. 1:.~fE1:.~Wli¥T.Q-~jH:J: IJ
AF O)~l:I:V¥n~~': ~ :a-1lfjB3 6), W*7)tiW-llfjn> G~'S G, ~)~tt~~~ )-r~).Q. it.:, W*8) G tiiiiAP~O)1:~fE1:.AF ~1tI:-:J~ )-r¥15~mLt'O)r\iU~)oo, fJ1;~ )~Ii: J: "? -r-lf /' f}vJili 1 kg ~ G, -If/' 7°}v1&~~A..Q.: ~ ~m~ G -C~).Q. 1:.~fE~O)*.WWI:-:Jt)-C Ii, USDA 1* (21.7 kg X 3)
EU 1* (10 kg X 3) n~ ~.Q. G n> G, *JimWT.Q': ~ I: J: IJ ~f*0) AF O)~.*tiJ:n~.Q n~mii¥
I: J: IJ ~f*0) AF ilLt'n~fJ1;r G, r\iUilLt'O)¥15~~ ~ ~~ G~If){T.Q 11J~'l1n~ ib .Q. IS)) A. 1:*JimW
T .Q~il-li, £~fil:-:JP-Crtf.Q': ~ 'b ~LI!T.Q ~\~n~~.Q. i t.:~fE~O) AF ¥15~li*,1.tL-C­~ IJ, i: ~ A. +5t~~]t~ G t: ~ G-C 'b ~~*,10)¥iAli#.tLG tL~ P, iiiiliOO-c'O) AF ~~*,1~0)m~ll~;1d':tt-c'ti~<, iiiAf~0)1JOIit~jl!~,*O)m~UI:J: .Q¥15~*,10)~*'b~~-c'~.Q.

1) ftt§JU~' JY;fj~--1- . J.tew:+ . ~r7itr . ±EE1~--1- . !=j:t!l'fi'M+ . ~~~~Pl1 . 1?;*I'i'U13Jj : -y -1 ::r r =\'­s- /', 51, 115-120 (2001)
2) WiEElfU-: -y -1 ::r r =\'- s- /', 32, 7- 21 (1990)
3) WfJ!l'fff!i~: -y -1 ::r r =\'- ~ /', 43; 23-26 (1996)4) M~~if~~f'jt, ~53UIE53U 1994-2000
5) ijfjEEltfi6-' 1tt§g~ . ~~~~Bjg : -y -1 ::r r =\'- ~ /', 50, 65-74 (2000)
6) JWEEljU-: -y -1 ::r r =\'- s- /', 17, 26-31 (1983)
7) \lr*Mjm: jtWf~t;, 32, 487-497 (1991)8) uJ:*Mjm· !=j:t~iEfW : -y -1 ::r r =\'- s- /', 52, 75-84 (2002)

Vol. 53, (1), 2003

29Aflatoxin inspection in groundnuts imported into Japan in 1994-2000
Kiyoshi OKANO, Tuneyoshi TOMITA, Masaki CHONAN: Mycotoxin Research Association (15 Daikoku-futo, Tsurumi­
ku, Yokohama 230-0054, Japan)
The result from 1994 to 2000 of the inspection for aflatoxin in raw peanuts at the time of import into Japanare discribed. From 1994 to March 11, 1999, the aflatoxin inspection of peanuts required that puliverze grainof 50 g taken from 1 kg of raw peanuts and tested. After March 12, 1999, the Food Hygiene Law modified theaflatoxin inspection, and required that 1 kg of peanuts be pulverized, and then that 50 g taken from thisamount be tested. For the piriod from 1994 to 1998, aflatoxin was detected in 69 (0.9 %) of 8040 samples large
and small kernel type of peanuts, and of these 69 samples, 29 (0.4 %) had more than 10 ppb of aflatoxin B1• The
aflatoxin B1 contamination ranged from 0.2 ppb to 4900 ppb. For the piriod from 1999 to 2000, aflatoxin wasdetected in 355 (6.9 %) of 5108 samples of large and small kernel type of peanuts, and of these 355 samples,145 (2.8 %) had more than 10 ppb of aflatoxin B1• The contamination range from 0.2 ppb to 760 ppb. This
increased incidence of aflatoxin detection after is due to the modify of the aflatoxin inspection, which
enhanced the inspection at the time of the importation raw peanuts.
Key wards: inspection, aflatoxin, import groundnuts, modify of inspection, puliverze