69ࠗ༡ᒣ⚄Ꮫ࠘42 ྕ㸦2019 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸧pp. 69-98.

ࠕ㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠖ
̿ࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫࠗᐃᮇウㄽ㞟 㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘
➨ 6 ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚̿஭ୖ ῟ே㛫ࡢ㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ▱ࡿୖ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞㈨ᩱ
ࡢ୍ࡘࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࠗᐃᮇウㄽ㞟 㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘
㸦Quaestiones disputatae de anima㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⴭసࡣࢺ࣐ࢫࡢ୺ⴭ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠗ⚄Ꮫ኱඲࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿே㛫ࡢ㨦ࢆㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศ㸦ST I, qq. 75-89㸧ࡢᑡࡋ๓࡟᭩࠿ࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ1㸪ෆᐜⓗ࡟ࡶᐦ᥋࡞ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠗ⚄Ꮫ኱඲࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⡆₩࡞ᙧᘧࡀ㔜どࡉࢀ㸪␗ㄽࡢᩘࡶ᭱ᑠ㝈࡟࡜࡝ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࡇࡢⴭస࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠗ⚄Ꮫ኱඲࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿ࠿࡟ከࡃࡢ␗ㄽࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ㸪⥥ᐦ࡛ヲ⣽࡞ㄽ⪃ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⴭసࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᡃࠎࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢ㨦࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢺ࣐ࢫ
ࡢ⌮ㄽࢆࡼࡾዟ⾜ࡁࡢ࠶ࡿᙧ࡛▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࢺ࣐ࢫࡀ࢔
ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡢே㛫ㄽࢆ᥼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࢺ࣐ࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡಙ௮࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃே㛫ほࡀࡑࡢᇶ┙࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫဴᏛࢆ㉸࠼ࡓどⅬ࠿ࡽே㛫ࡀ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢺ࣐ࢫࡢ ே 㛫 ⌮ ゎ ࢆ ▱ ࡿ ୖ ࡛ 㸪 ࡇ ࡢ ⴭ స ࡣ 㔜 せ ࡞ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ1ࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫࡢⴭసࡢᇳ➹ᖺ௦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ J. P. ࢺࣞࣝࡢḟࡢ◊✲᭩࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲⪅ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ぢゎ࡟ᚑ࠺ࠋJean-Pierre Torrell, Initiation ¢ Saint Thomas d’Aquin: Sa
personne et son oeuvre (Paris: Les ditions du Cerf, 2015). 㑥ヂࡣࠗࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫ ே࡜ⴭస࠘ಖ஭ுேヂ㸦▱ἨᏛ⾡ྀ᭩ 4㸪2018 ᖺ㸧ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ST I, qq. 75-119 ࡢᇳ➹ࡣ 1267-68 ᖺ㸪QDA ࡣࡑࢀ࡟ᑡࡋඛ❧ࡘ 1265-66 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠗࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫ ே࡜ⴭస࠘ಖ஭ுேヂ㸪567 㡫ཧ↷ࠋ

70ࡉ࡚㸪ᮏ✏࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ➨ 6 ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ㄽ✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ㸪ࠕே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ2ࠋࠗᐃᮇウㄽ㞟 㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒㐣ࢆᑡࡋ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡎ➨ 1 ၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡀ㌟యࡢᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀ
2ᮏ✏ᇳ➹࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪୺࡟ḟࡢᩥ⊩ࢆཧ↷ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋ
Bazan, Bernardo C. “The Highest Encomium of Human Body.“ Studia Universitatis S.
Thomae in Urbe, 33 (1991), pp. 99-116.
. “The Human Soul: Form and Substance? Thomas Aquinas’s Critique of
Eclectic Arstotelianism.“ Archives d’Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Age, 72(1997), pp. 95-126.
Brower, Jeffrey E. “Aquinas on the Individuation of Substances,“ in Oxford Studies inMedieval Philosophy. Edited by Robert Pasnau. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017,
pp. 122-150.
Klima, Gyula. “Man = Body + Soul: Aquinas’s Arithmetic of Human Nature,“ in Thomas
Aquinas: Contemporary Philosophical Perspectives. Edited by Brian Davies. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 257-273.
McCabe, Herbert. “The Immortality of the Soul,“ in Aquinas’s Summa Theologiae: Critical
Essays. Editied by Brian Davies. New York: Rowan & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2006,
pp. 195-201.
Pasnau, Robert. Thomas Aquinas on Human Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2002.
. Thomas Aquinas: The Treatise on Human Nature, Summa Theologiae 1a 75-89.
Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2002.
Toner, Patrick. “St. Thomas Aquinas on Death and the Separated Soul.“ PacificPhilosophical Quarterly, Vol. 91, Issue 4 (2010), pp. 587-599.
▼⏣㝯ኴࠕࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕಶࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕே㛫ࠖ㸸ࠕ㨦ࠖࡢࠕಶయ໬ࠖ
ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠖࠗ⟃ἼဴᏛ࠘➨ 22 ྕ㸦2014 ᖺ㸧165-167 㡫.
.ࠕࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡢಶయ໬̿̿㨦࡜㌟యࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡵࡄࡗ
࡚̿̿ࠖࠗ୰ୡᛮ᝿◊✲࠘➨ 57 ྕ㸦2015 ᖺ㸧55-68 㡫.
✄ᇉⰋ඾ࠗᅾࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮏ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘㸦▱Ἠ᭩㤋㸪2012 ᖺ㸧.ࠗࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫࠕᏑᅾࠖࡢᙧ⪋ୖᏛ࠘㸦᫓⛅♫㸪2013 ᖺ㸧ຍ⸨㞞ேࠕࢺ࣐ࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕಶࠖࡢព࿡ࠖࠗ୰ୡᛮ᝿◊✲࠘➨ 27 ྕ㸦1985 ᖺ㸧133-141㡫.
ᕝῧಙ௓ࠕࢺ࣐ࢫ࡟᪊ࡿே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡢ⮬Ꮡᛶ࡜ᙧ┦ᛶࠖࠗ୰ୡဴᏛ◊✲ Veritas࠘2㸦1983㸧
56-62 㡫.
ᓊⱥྖࠕ⪷ࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㨦ࡢ୙⁛࡜Ọ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࠗࢧࣆ࢚ࣥࢳ࢔ ⱥ▱኱Ꮫㄽྀ࠘➨ 16 ྕ㸦1981 ᖺ㸧33-49 㡫.
ࢣࢽ࣮㸪A.ࠗࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫࡢᚰࡢဴᏛ࠘ᕝῧಙ௓ヂ㸦ວⲡ᭩ᡣ㸪1997 ᖺ㸧㧗ᶫ῟཭ࠕ㨦ࡢ஌ࡾࡶࡢ㸦࢜ࢣ࣮࣐㸧⌮ㄽ࡜ࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫࠖࠗ୰ୡᛮ᝿◊✲࠘➨52 ྕ㸦2010 ᖺ㸧63-76 㡫.

71ࡽ㸪ྠ᫬࡟⮬Ꮡࡍࡿಶⓗᐇయ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢺ࣐ࢫࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣࠕࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡋ࠺ࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ⮬Ꮡ⪅ࠖ㸦hoc aliquid㸧࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⮬ࡽࡢෆ࡟᏶඲࡞✀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ⮬Ꮡ⪅ࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㌟యࡢᙧ┦࡜ࡋ࡚ே㛫࡜࠸࠺✀ࢆ᏶ᡂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ⮬Ꮡ⪅ࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㨦ࡣࠕᙧ┦࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠕ⮬Ꮡ⪅ࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ3ࠋ㨦ࡀ㌟యࡢᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟⮬Ꮡ⪅࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࠗᐃᮇウㄽ㞟 㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘඲యࡢ࠸ࢃࡤࣛ࢖ࢺࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸪ᇶㄪ࡜࡞ࡿᛮ᝿㸪࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ⌮ㄽࡇࡑࡣࢺ࣐ࢫࡢ㨦ㄽࡢせ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢺ࣐ࢫࡢே㛫ㄽࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ୰ᚰⅬ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࡇ࡜㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㨦ࡀ㌟యࡢᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡾ࠿ࡘ⮬Ꮡ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪୍య࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ
࡚ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣఱࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢウㄽ㞟ࡢྛၥ㢟ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ḟ➨࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⥆ࡃ➨ 2 ၥ㢟࠿ࡽ➨ 5 ၥ㢟࡛ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢ▱ᛶⓗ㨦ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁ࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚୺࡟ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡀᏑᅾⓗ࡟㌟య࠿ࡽศ㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪඲࡚ࡢே࡟၏୍ࡢ▱ᛶࡀᅾࡿࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢே㛫ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟▱ᛶⓗ࡞㨦ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋࢺ࣐ࢫࡀ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ྛࠎࡢࠕࡇࡢே㛫ࠖࡀ▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⬟ື▱ᛶ࡜ྍ⬟▱ᛶࡣྛேࡢ㨦ࡀᣢࡘ஧ࡘࡢࡣࡓ
ࡽࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⬟ື▱ᛶࡣ஦≀࠿ࡽᢳ㇟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྍ▱ⓗᙧ㇟ࢆసࡾฟ
ࡋ㸪ྍ⬟▱ᛶࡀ㠀㉁ᩱ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡑࡢᙧ㇟ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡣࡓࡽ
ࡁ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ேࡣ஦≀ࡢఱᛶ࡞࠸ࡋᮏ㉁ࢆ▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
3

QDA, q. 1, cor., u. 286-290: “Relinquitur igitur quod anima est hoc aliquid ut per se potens
subsistere, non quasi habens in se completam speciem, set quasi perficiens speciem
humanam ut est forma corporis. Et sic simul est forma et hoc aliquid.“ ⮬ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⊂❧ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࠺ࡿࡶࡢࡀࠕ⮬Ꮡ⪅ࠖ㸦hoc aliquid ┤ヂࡍࢀࡤࠕࡇࡢᡈࡿࡶࡢࠖ㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ST I, q. 75, a. 2 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ

72ࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ➨ 6 ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ㸪ྛேࡀ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ▱ᛶⓗ㨦ࡀ㸪ࡣࡓࡋ࡚ࠕ༢࡟ᙧ
┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢࠖ㸦forma tantum㸧࡞ࡢ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᙧ┦࡜㉁ᩱࡢ」ྜయ࡞ࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 5 ၥ㢟ࡲ࡛ࡢㄽ⪃࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡢㄝࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚㸪㨦ࡣᙧ┦࡜ࡋ࡚㌟య࡜ྜ୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
ࡍࡿ⮬ࡽࡢ❧ሙࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㨦ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣ㉁ᩱࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸
⣧⢋࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ㉁ᩱࢆ
ྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡑࢀࡀࡇࡢ➨ 6 ၥ㢟࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㄽ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢺ࣐ࢫ⮬㌟ࡣ㸪㨦ࡣࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ❧ሙ࡟❧ࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ၥ㢟࡞ࡢࡣ㸪ᡈࡿேࠎࡀே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡣᙧ┦࡜㉁ᩱࡢ」ྜయ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࢺ࣐ࢫࡣࡑࢀࢆࡇࡇ࡛ㄽ㥍ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢேࠎࡢ୺ᙇࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡣ⣧⢋࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃྍ⬟ែࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㉁ᩱ࡜ඹ㏻ࡍࡿ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㨦࡟ࡣࠕྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ
ࠕఱ࠿ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡾ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ
ࠕఱ࠿ࡢᇶయ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㉁ᩱ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞≉ᛶࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㉁ᩱࡢ≉ᛶࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㸪ࡑࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚㉁ᩱࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ࡢ」ྜయ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࡢேࠎࡣ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୺ᙇࡢ᭱ึࡢᥦၐ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣ࢔ࣅࢣࣈࣟࣥࢆ
ᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣࡲࡎࡇࡢ୺ᙇࡢㄽᣐࡀ⹫ᙅ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ
ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢺ࣐ࢫࡀᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪㉁ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕཷືࠖ࡜㨦࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕཷ
ືࠖࡢព࿡ࡢ┦㐪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㉁ᩱࡣኚ໬࡜㐠ື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡢࢆཷືࡍࡿ
ࡀ㸪ኚ໬࡜㐠ືࡣ᭱ࡶඹ㏻ⓗ࡞஦᯶࡜ࡋ࡚ሙᡤⓗ࡞㐠ືኚ໬࡟㑏ඖࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࠋ
ሙᡤⓗ࡞㐠ືኚ໬ࢆࡍࡿࡢࡣࡋ࠿ࡋ≀యⓗ஦≀ࡢࡳ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚
㨦ࡣ㸪ኚ໬࡜㐠ື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ఱ࠿ࢆཷືࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㨦ࡀཷືࡍࡿࡢࡣ▱㆑ࡸ⌮ゎ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ㏫࡟㐠ືࡸྍືⓗ࡞஦᯶࠿ࡽࡢ
ศ㞳ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡀఱ࠿ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓࡾཷື
ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࠿ࡽ㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡼ࠺

73࡜ࡍࡿேࠎࡣࠕཷືࠖࡢព࿡ࢆΰྠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᴫᛕከ⩏ࡢ⹫ഇ࡟㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣ᭦࡟㸪㨦ࡀᙧ┦࡜㉁ᩱࡢ」ྜయ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪✀࡟࠾ࡅࡿᙧ┦࡜㉁ᩱࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦ࡀ⤖ࡧࡘࡃ࡜㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣᡈࡿ୍ࡘࡢ✀ࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㌟య࡜㨦ࡀྜ୍ࡋ࡚ࠕே㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺✀ࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋ㨦ࡑࢀ⮬య࡟㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦ࡢྜ୍ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㨦ࡣࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡛࡟ࠕே㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺✀ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜ㸪㌟యࡣ㨦࡟࡜ࡗ࡚༢࡞ࡿ௜ᖏⓗ࡞௜ຍ≀࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࠕே㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺✀ࡀ㌟య࡜࠸࠺㉁ᩱ࡜㨦࡜࠸࠺ᙧ┦࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㝈ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ
ࡣࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ᡭࡀࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢ✀ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᡭࡣ㌟యࡢ㒊ศ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪㌟య඲యࡢ㉁ᩱࢆ᏶ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍ࡘࡢᙧ┦࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿᡭࡶ᏶ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢺ࣐ࢫࡣゝ࠺ࠋ㨦ࡣ㸪⌧ᐇែࡀྍ⬟ែ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞௙᪉࡛㸪㌟య࡜↓፹௓ⓗ࡟ྜ୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㨦ࡣ㌟య඲యࡢᙧ┦࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦⮬యࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦ࡢ」ྜయ࡞ࡢ
࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡎ㸪㨦ࡣࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢࠖ㸦forma tantum㸧࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ
࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚㸪㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ
࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࢺ࣐ࢫࡣ᭦࡟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㨦ࡢෆ࡟⌧ᐇែ࡜ྍ⬟ែࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᤼㝖ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㨦ࡢෆ࡟ࡣᙧ
┦࡜㉁ᩱࡢ」ྜࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪⌧ᐇែ࡜ྍ⬟ែࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢺ࣐ࢫ
ࡣࡇࡇ࡛࡞ࡐ㸪ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ὀពࢆྥࡅࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ㨦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌧ᐇែ࡜ྍ⬟ែ࡜ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢၥ㢟 2 ࠿ࡽၥ㢟 5 ࡢㄽ⪃ࢆࢺ࣐ࢫ࡜ඹ࡟㎺ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⬟ື▱ᛶ࡜ྍ⬟▱ᛶࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ண
᝿ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋண᝿࡟཯ࡋ࡚㸪ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣྍ⬟▱ᛶࡀ஦≀ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㨦ࡢᏑᅾࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌጞࡵࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡇ࡟㸪ࢺ࣐ࢫ⊂⮬ࡢ㨦ㄽࡢ᰾ᚰⓗ࡞⌮ㄽࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

74㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓᐇయࡢෆ࡟ࡣ 3 ࡘࡢࡶࡢࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡿ㸪࡜ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣゝ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦㸪ࡑࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾ㸦esse㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢᏑᅾࡢጞ※㸦principium㸧ࡇࡑࡀᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㉁ᩱࡣᙧ┦ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ
࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮡᅾࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏑᅾࡣጞ※࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙧ┦࡟క࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡺ
࠼㸪㉁ᩱࡣᙧ┦࡟ࡼࡽࡎࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾ࡟⮳ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᙧ┦ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࠕࡑࢀ
⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦ࠖ㸦forma per se subsistens㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾࡢࡓࡵ࡟㉁ᩱࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࠕࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦ࠖࡣ㉁ᩱ࠿ࡽศ㞳ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡕࡻ࠺࡝ྍ⬟ែࡀ⌧ᐇែ࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᙧ┦ࡢᮏ㉁ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾ࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢺ࣐ࢫ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㨦ࡣࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞ࠕࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦ࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿ㨦ࡶ㸪⮬ࡽࡀࠕᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࢆ⌧ᐇែ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࠕᏑᅾࠖ࡜ྠ୍
࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡀ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾ࡜ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡓࡔ⚄ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚄ࡣࡑࢀࡺ࠼⣧⢋⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣఱࡽྍ⬟ែࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ⚄௨እࡢࡶࡢࡣ඲࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡀࠕᏑᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠕᏑᅾࠖࡀ
⚄࠿ࡽ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᙧ┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠕ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾ࡜ྠ୍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦ࠖࡢ⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿ㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㨦ࡣࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾ࡜ྠ୍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦ࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪㨦ࡢෆ࡟ࡣྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚㸪ே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡢෆ࡟ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦ࡢ」ྜࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸
ࡀ㸪ྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀព࿡ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡣᙧ┦࡜ࡋ࡚㌟య࡜ྜ୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ྠ᫬࡟ࠕࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㌟య࠿ࡽศ㞳ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㨦ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾ࡜ྠ୍࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⚄࠿ࡽᏑᅾࢆཷࡅ࡜ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㌟య࡟ศ࠿ࡕ୚࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛㨦ࡣᏑᅾࡢጞ
※࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ㌟య࠿ࡽࡢศ㞳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ࡽࡢಶయ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࡢᏑᅾࢆኻ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼ࡣ㸪௒ࡇࡇ࡛ึࡵ࡚㏙࡭

75ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᐇࡣึᮇࡢⴭస࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࢺ࣐ࢫࡣࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂☜࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠗᅾࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮏ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘
㸦De ente et essentia㸧➨஬❶࡟ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ4ࠋே㛫㟋㨦ࡢಶయ໬ࡣࡑࡢⓎ➃࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㌟య࡟ᶵ఍ཎᅉⓗ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ̿̿࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪㟋㨦ࡣ⮬ࡽࡀࡑࢀࡢ⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿ㌟య࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛࡞ࡅ
࢚ࢵࢭࢀࡤಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡓᏑᅾࢆ⮬ศ࡟ྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ̿̿
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㌟యࡀྲྀࡾཤࡽࢀࡿ࡜ಶయ໬ࡀᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࢃࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞
࠸㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ே㛫㟋㨦ࡣ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ே㛫㟋㨦ࡀࡇࡢ㌟యࡢᙧ┦ࡓࡽࡋࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜
࢚ࢵࢭ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡓᏑᅾࢆ⮬ࡽ࡟ྲྀᚓࡋࡓ௨ୖ㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡣᖖ࡟ಶయ
໬ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࡜࡝ࡲࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ5ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㨦ࡀᏑᅾࡢጞ※࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㌟య࡟ศ࠿ࡕ
୚࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࢺ࣐ࢫࡢึᮇࡢ㡭࠿ࡽࡢ୍㈏ࡋࡓ୺ᙇ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ➨6 ၥ㢟࡟⮳ࡿ๓㸪➨ 2 ၥ㢟࠿ࡽ➨ 5 ၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣࡶࡗࡥࡽே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑࡟࠾ࡅࡿྍ⬟ែ࣭⌧ᐇែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾே㛫ྛேࡢෆ࡟▱ᛶⓗ㨦ࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ㨦ࡢෆ࡟ྍ⬟▱ᛶ࡜⬟ື▱ᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡣࡓࡽࡁࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪ேࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ಶࠎࡢே㛫ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ྍ⬟ែ࣭⌧ᐇែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚
ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡢ➨ 6 ၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ୖ࡟ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢺ࣐ࢫࡣே
㛫ࡢ㨦ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡾࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ
ࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿ࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑࢀࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽඛ࡟ㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃၥ㢟࡬ࡢ⁥ࡽ࠿࡞㐃⤖ࡢࡓࡵ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟⥆ࡃ➨ 7 ၥ㢟࡛ࡣኳ౑࡜ே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡢ✀ⓗ࡞┦㐪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡣ㨦ࡢ㌟య࡜ࡢ⤖ྜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㨦ࡢ୙ྍ⁛ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡜ㄽࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇࡢ➨ 6 ၥ㢟ࡣࡘࡲࡾ㸪ே㛫ࡢ▱ᛶ4
5

De ente. ࡢᇳ➹᫬ᮇࡣ 1252-56 ᖺ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
De ente., c. 5, u. 59-68.ࠗᅾࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮏ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘✄ᇉⰋ඾ヂ㸦▱Ἠ᭩㤋㸪2012 ᖺ㸧ࠋ76ㄆ㆑ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡢၥ㢟࠿ࡽ㸪ே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡢᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟࡬࡜㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࡓࡵ
ࡢ㸪࠸ࢃࡤࡘ࡞ࡂ┠࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠗᐃᮇウㄽ㞟 㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘࡟
࠾࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ࡓࡔᡭ࠶ࡓࡾḟ➨࡟ㄽࡌ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⥥ᐦ࡟඲యࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀㄽࡌ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡟ࡶぢ࡚ྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࡜ト⩻ヂ࡜ࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫࠗᐃᮇウㄽ㞟㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘➨  ၥ㢟㺀㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛
࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠖ6

6ᮏヂࡣ Leonina ∧㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪B. C. Bazán ed., Sancti Thomae de Aquino Opera Omnia iussu
Leonis XIII P.M. edita, Tomus XXIV-1, Quaestiones Disputatae de anima (Roma: Commissio
Leonina, 1996) ࢆᗏᮏ࡜ࡋ㸪トࡢከࡃࡶࡇࡢ∧࡟౫ᣐࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋḟࡢ஧ࡘࡢ∧ࡶᖖ࡟ཧ↷ࡋ㸪Leonina ∧࡜␗࡞ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࢆトグࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ⥛ࡾࡢ㐪࠸࡞࡝ࡢ㸪ࡉ࡯࡝㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ␗ྠ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍ࠎトグࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸸James H. Robb, ed., St.
Thomas Aquinas Quaestiones De Anima (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies,1968); M. Calcaterra and T.S. Centi ed., Quaestiones Disputatae De Anima in Quaestiones
Disputatae, vol. 2, 10th edition (Turin: Marietti, 1965). ௨㝆 Robb ∧࠾ࡼࡧ Marietti ∧࡜␎グࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪⩻ヂ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢ⌧௦ㄒヂࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓࠋJohn P. Rowan, The Soul:
A Translation of St. Thomas Aquinas’ De Anima (St. Louis: Herder Book Co., 1951); St.
Thomas Aquinas, Questions on the Soul, trans. James H. Robb (Milwaukee: Marquette
University Press, 1984); Saint Thomas d’Aquin, Questions disputées de l’âme, introduction,
traduction et notes par Jean-Marie Vernier (Paris: L’Harmattan, 2001). ௨㝆 Rowan ヂ㸪Robb ヂ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ Vernier ヂ࡜␎グࡍࡿࠋRowan ヂࡣ Marietti ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⩻ヂ㸪Robb ヂࡣᮏேࡢᰯゞ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⩻ヂ㸪Vernier ヂࡣ Leonina ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⩻ヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ✏࡛⏝࠸ࡿࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫࡢⴭస࡜ࡑࡢ␎ྕࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋQuaestiones
disputatae de anima (QDA), Quaestiones disputatae de veritate (QDV), Quaestiones disputatae depotentia (QDP), Quaestio disputata De spiritualibus creaturis (De spir. creat.), Super Librum De
causis (In De causis), Sententia Libri De anima (In De anima), Sententia super Meteora (InMeteor.), Sententia super Metaphysicam (In Metaph.), Expositio Libri Posteriorum (In Anal.
Post.), Scriptum super libros Sententiarum (SSS), Summa theologiae (ST), Summa contra
gentiles (SCG), Quaestiones de quolibet (Quodl.), Compendium theologiae (CT), De unitate
intellectus contra Averroistas (De unitate intellectus), De ente et essentia (De ente), De
substantiis separatis (De subst. Separ.), Super Boethium De Trinitate (In De Trinitate). ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡣ SSS ࡟ Mandonnet et Moos ∧ࢆ㸪QDP, SCG, In Metaph.࡟ Marietti ∧ࢆ㸪In De causis
࡟ Saffrey ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ௚ࡣ㸪඲࡚ Leonina ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ

77➨ 6 ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ㸪㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡀၥࢃࢀࡿ7ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠝࡑࡢ⟅ࡣࠞ↛ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡶᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪࠙␗ㄽࠚ(1) ࠗ୕఩୍యㄽ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚࢚࣎ࢸ࢕࢘ࢫࡣ㸪ࠕ༢⣧ᙧ┦ࠖ㸦forma simplex㸧ࡣᇶయ㸦subiectum㸧࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸8㸪࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ9ࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪㨦ࡣㅖࠎࡢ▱㆑࡜ᚨࡢᇶయ࡛࠶ࡿ10ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㨦ࡣࠕ༢⣧ᙧ┦࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ
ࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(2) ᭦࡟ࠋ࢚࣎ࢸ࢕࢘ࢫࡣࠗࢹ࣭࣊ࣈࢻ࣐ࢹ࢕ࣈࢫ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡶࡢࡣఱ࠿ࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿ㸦participare㸧ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪Ꮡᅾࡑࡢࡶࡢ㸦ipsum
esse㸧ࡣఱࡶศ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ11ࠋྠᵝࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᇶయࡣఱ࠿ࢆ
QDA, q. 6 ࡢᖹ⾜⟠ᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ Leonina ∧ࡣḟࡢ⟠ᡤࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
SSS I, d. 8, q. 5, a. 2; II, d.
3, q. 1, a. 1; II, d. 17, q. 1, a. 2; De ente, c. 4; Quodle. IX, q. 4, a. 1, SCG II, c. 50; In De Trinitate,q. 5, a. 4, ad 4; QDP, q. 6, a. 6, ad 4; ST I, q. 50, a. 2; q. 75, a. 5; De spir. creat., a. 1; a. 9, ad 9;
Quodl. III, q. 8, De subst. Separ.c. 5-8. Marietti ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡶ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᭦࡟
Expositio libri Boethii De ebdomadibus, lect. 2 ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
8 Cf. ᒣ⏣ᬗヂࠗ⚄Ꮫ኱඲࠘㸦୰බࢡࣛࢩࢵࢡࢫ㸪2014 ᖺ㸧ϩ, p. 85, 10:ࠕࠕ༢⣧ᙧ┦ࠖforma
simplex ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪㉁ᩱ࡜」ྜࡉࢀࡎ࡟ᙧ┦ࡔࡅ࡛⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦ࢆࡉࡍࠋࡺ࠼࡟⚄ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎኳ౑ࡶࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࠋࠖ㸹Ϩ, p. 159, 7:ࠕࠕᇶయࠖsubiectum ࡜ࡣ㸪ᙧ┦ࡢࠕࡶ࡜࡟ࠖsubࠕ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࠖiectum㸪ᙧ┦ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࢆᢸ࠺ࡶࡢࡢព࿡࡛
࠶ࡿࠋᙧ┦ࡣᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡂࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࠕཷࡅྲྀࡿࡶ
ࡢ࡛ࠖࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼࡟༢⣧ᙧ┦ࡣᇶయࡓࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࠖ
9 Boethius, De Trinitate, ed. H.F. Stewart, E.K. Rand, and S.J. Tester, Boethius the Theological
Tractaties, The Loeb Classical Library (Harverd University Press, 1973), p. 12, u. 48-49:“Forma vero quae est sine materia non poterit esse subiectum.“㸦ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㉁ᩱࢆకࢃ࡞
࠸ᙧ┦ࡣᇶయ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ㸧ࠋCf. ST I, q. 50, a. 2, arg. 2:ࠕ㉁ᩱࡢᅛ᭷ᛶࡢ
ぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ㉁ᩱࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ࠕཷᐜࡍࡿࠖrecipere ࡜࠿ࠕᢸ࠺࣭ᇶయ࡜࡞ࡿࠖsubstare ࡜࠿ࡣ㉁ᩱࡢᅛ᭷ᛶ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪࢚࣎ࢸ࢕࢘ࢫࡀࠗ୕
఩୍యㄽ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠗ༢⣧ᙧ┦ࡣᇶయࡓࡾ࠼࡞࠸࠘࡜ㄒࡿᡤ௨ࡶࡑࡇ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࠖ᪥ୗ᫛ኵ
ヂࠗ⚄Ꮫ኱඲࠘4㸦๰ᩥ♫㸪1973 ᖺ㸧
10 Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ uirtutum/virtutum㸪Robb ∧ࡣ virtutem.
11 Boethius, De hebdomadibus, ed. H.F. Stewart, E.K. Rand, and S.J. Tester, Boethius the
Theological Tractaties, The Loeb Classical Library (Harverd University Press, 1973), p. 40, u.
31-34: “Quod est participare aliquo potest, sed ipsum esse nullo modo aliquo participat.
Fit enim participatio cum aliquid iam est; est autem aliquid, cum esse susceperit.“㸦ࠕᏑᅾ7

78ศ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ᙧ┦࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ⓑ࠸ࡶࡢ㸦ᇶయ㸧ࡣⓑⰍࡢ࡯࠿࡟ఱ࠿ูࡢⰍࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ⓑⰍࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣูࡢⰍࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ
࡟㸪㨦ࡣఱ࠿ࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㨦ࡣ㨦ࡀࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ᙧ┦࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿㅖࠎࡢࡶࡢࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ12ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㨦ࡣࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢࠖ㸦forma tantum㸧࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ
࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(3) ᭦࡟ࠋࡶࡋ㨦ࡀ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ఱ࠿࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡲࡉࡋࡃࠕᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ㸦ipsum esse㸧ࡀ㨦ࡢ⌧ᐇែ
㸦actus㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪㨦⮬యࡀ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾ㸦esse㸧࡛࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ13ࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪༢⣧࡛࠶ࡿ୍ࡘࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ࡣ༢୍ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁ࣭⌧ᐇែࡀᒓࡍࡿ14ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㨦ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾࡢࡣࡓ
ࡽࡁ௨እࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡢᇶయ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㨦ࡀ௚ࡢㅖࠎࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡢᇶయ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ15ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ༢⣧࡞ᐇయ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣఱ࠿ࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮡᅾࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ௙᪉࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡶఱ࠿ࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ศ᭷ࡣఱ࠿ࡀࡍ࡛࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬࡟⏕ࡌࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢఱ࠿ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᏑᅾࢆཷᐜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸧
12 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ ea scilicet quibus informatur. Anima igitur. . . .㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ eascilicet quibus informatur anima. Ergo. . . .
13 Ꮡᅾ࡜ᮏ㉁ࡀྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣ⚄ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⿕㐀≀࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮡᅾ࡜ᮏ㉁ࡣ
ู࡛࠶ࡿࠋST I, q. 3, a. 4ࠕ⚄࡟࠾࠸࡚ᮏ㉁࡜Ꮡᅾࡣྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠖࢆཧ↷ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ḟࡢ⟠ᡤࢆࡶཧ↷ࠋIn De Trinitate, q. 5, a. 4, ad 4, u. 292-298:ࠕኳ౑ࡢᮏ㉁ࡣࡑࡢᮏᛶୖ୙ྍ⁛࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ᙧ┦࡜㉁ᩱࡢ」ྜࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ኳ౑ࡣ⮬ศ⮬ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠑᅾ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࠒࢆࡶࡘࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ㸪⚄࠿ࡽཷࡅࡿࠑᅾࡿࡇ࡜ࠒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣྍ⬟ែ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ࠿ࡃࡋ࡚⚄࠿ࡽཷࡅࡓࠑᅾࡿࡇ࡜ࠒࡣࡑࡢ༢⣧࡞ᮏ㉁࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪⌧ᐇែࡢྍ⬟ែ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ಀ࡟ẚࡏࡽࢀࡿࠋࠖ㛗಴ஂᏊヂࠗࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫ ⚄⛎࡜Ꮫ▱࠘㸦๰ᩥ♫㸪1996 ᖺ㸧
14 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ unius potentie/potentiae simplicis, unus est actus.㸪
Marietti ∧ࡣunius simplicis potentiae simplicissimus erit actus.
15 Leonina ∧ࡣ est etiam aliorum subiectum㸪Robb ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ est aliorum
subjectum/subiectum. ࡞࠾㸪ᇶయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨦࡜ࡑࡢㅖࠎࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ST I, q. 77, a. 5ࠕ㨦ࡢ඲࡚ࡢ⬟ຊࡣ㸪㨦ࢆᇶయ࡜ࡋ࡚㨦ࡢෆ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠖࢆཧ↷ࠋ79(4) ᭦࡟ࠋᙧ┦ࡢㅖࠎࡢ௜ᖏᛶࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ✀඲య࡟క࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ㅖࠎࡢ௜ᖏᛶࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ࡜࠿࠶ࢀ࡜࠸ࡗࡓಶయ࡟క࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ᙧ┦ࡀ✀ࡢ᰿※࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪㉁ᩱࡣಶయ໬ࡢ᰿※ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡶࡋ㨦ࡀࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢࠖ㸦forma tantum㸧࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࡢ඲࡚ࡢ௜ᖏᛶࡀ✀඲య࡟క࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ
࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ഇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪㡢ᴦᐙ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᩥἲᏛ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠝே㛫࡜࠸࠺ࠞ✀඲య࡟క࠺ࡶࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(5) ᭦࡟ࠋᙧ┦ࡣ⬟ືⓗ࡞ࡣࡓࡽࡁࡢ᰿※࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㉁ᩱࡣཷືⓗ࡞ࡣࡓࡽࡁࡢ
᰿※࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪⬟ື࡜ཷືࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡇ࡟࡛ࡶ㸪ᙧ┦࡜㉁ᩱࡢ」ྜࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪㨦ࡢෆ࡟ࡣ⬟ື࡜ཷືࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ྍ⬟▱ᛶࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣస⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅾࡿ̿̿ࡑࢀ
ࡺ࠼࡟࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡣ㸪▱ᛶㄆ㆑࡜ࡣ୍✀ࡢཷື࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿ16̿̿ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪⬟ື▱ᛶࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ⬟ືⓗ࡞స⏝ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࠾࠸࡚ᅾࡿ̿̿࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࠗ㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘➨୕ᕳ࡟ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪⬟ື▱ᛶࡣࠕྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿྍ▱ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠖࢆࠕ⌧ᐇែ࡟࠶ࡿྍ▱ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠖ࡟ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ17̿̿ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡢෆ࡟ࡣᙧ┦࡜㉁ᩱࡢ」ྜࡀᏑᅾ
ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(6) ᭦࡟ࠋ㉁ᩱࡢ≉ᛶࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡣ඲࡚㸪ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㉁ᩱ࡜ࡢ」ྜయ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪㨦࡟ࡣ㸪ྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᇶయ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ

Aristoteles, De anima III, 429a13-15:ࠕ▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡕࡻ࠺࡝ឤぬࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟㢮ఝࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ఱࡽ࠿
ࡢస⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ࡟ࡏࡼࡑࢀ࡟㢮ఝࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ ୰⏿ṇᚿヂࠕ㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࠗ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ඲㞟࠘7㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㸪2014 ᖺ㸧
17 Aristoteles, De anima III, 430a14-16:ࠕ௚᪉࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡟స⏝ࡋ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡀࡺ࠼࡟㸪ཎᅉ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ▱ᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋᚋ⪅ࡣ㸪ࡕࡻ࠺࡝ග࡟ẚࡏࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ព࿡࡛
ࡢ㸪࠶ࡿ✀ࡢᛶྥⓗ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㸪ගࡶࡲࡓ㸪࠶ࡿព࿡࡛㸪ྍ⬟≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿⰍ
࡟స⏝ࡋ࡚άືᐇ⌧≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿⰍ࡟ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦୰⏿ヂ㸧
16

80࡜㸪࡞࡝࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㉁ᩱࡢ≉ᛶࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿
ࡽ18 」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ19ࠋ(7) ᭦࡟ࠋ
ࠗ⏕ᡂ࡜ᾘ⁛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘➨୍ᕳ࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡟㸪స⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜స⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ඹ㏻ࡢ⣲ᮦ㸦materia communis㸧ࢆᚲࡎ᭷ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ20ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ఱ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚స⏝ࢆཷࡅ࠺ࡿࡶࡢࡣ඲࡚㸪⮬
ࡽࡢෆ࡟㉁ᩱࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚స⏝ࢆཷࡅ࠺ࡿ21ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㨦ࡣᆅ⊹ࡢⅆ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ⱞࡋࡳࢆཷࡅ࠺ࡿ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢⅆࡣ㸪࢔࢘ࢢࢫࢸ࢕ࢾࢫࡀࠗ⚄ࡢᅜ࠘➨஧༑୍ᕳ࡟࠾࠸࡚
᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪≀యⓗ࡞ⅆ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ22ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㨦ࡣ⮬
ࡽࡢෆ࡟㉁ᩱࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(8) ᭦࡟ࠋ
ࠗᙧ⪋ୖᏛ࠘➨୐ᕳ࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪స⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ㸪ࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢࠖ࡟⤊╔ࡍࡿ㸦terminatur㸧ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࠕ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࠖ࡟⤊╔ࡍࡿ23ࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪స⏝⪅

Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ composita ex materia et forma㸪Robb ∧ࡣ composita ex
materia.
19 Cf. ST I, q. 50, a. 2, arg. 2; q. 75, a. 5, arg. 2.
20 Aristoteles, De generatione et corruptione I, 322b18-20:ࠕస⏝ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡜࡜స⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࡇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᡂ❧ࡍࡿㅖࠎࡢࡶࡢࡢሙྜ㸪ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢᇶᗏ࡟࠶ࡿ⮬↛ᮏᛶࡣఱ࠿୍ࡘࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸹324a34-35:ࠕᮎ➃࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࡘࡡ࡟ື࠿ࡉࢀࡘࡘື
࠿ࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪స⏝ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠝ୰␎ࠞᮎ➃࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ⮬యࡶస⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࠋ
࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ྠࡌ⣲ᮦ㸦㉁ᩱ㸧ࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡣࡍ࡭࡚㸪స⏝ࢆཬࡰࡍ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚㸪స⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㔠ᒣᘺᖹヂࠕ⏕ᡂ࡜ᾘ⁛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࠗ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ඲㞟࠘
5㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㸪2013 ᖺ㸧
21 Leonina ∧ࡣ anima potest pati㸪Robb ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ anima habet pati.
22 Cf. Augustinus, De civitate Dei, XXI, 10.
23 Aristoteles, Metaphysica VII, 1033b16-19:ࠕୖ㏙࠿ࡽࡋ࡚᫂ⓑ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ㸦1㸧ᙧ┦ࡲࡓࡣᐇయࠝᙧ┦࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇయࠞࡢព࿡࡛ゝࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢࡣ⏕ᡂࡏࡎ㸪⏕ᡂࡍࡿࡢࡣࠝ㉁ᩱ࡜
ᙧ┦࡜ࡢࠞ⤖ྜࡋࡓᐇయ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᙧ┦࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇయࡢྡ࡛࿧ࡤࢀࡿලయⓗಶ≀㸧࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㸦2㸧࠾ࡼࡑ⏕ᡂࡋࡓ஦≀࡟ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡑࢀ࡟㉁ᩱࡀෆᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑ㸬㸬㸬㸬ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ୍㒊ศࡣࡇࢀࠝ㉁ᩱ࡛ࠞ࠶ࡾ௚ࡢ㒊ศࡣ࠶ࢀࠝᙧ┦࡛ࠞ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ
ฟ㝯ヂࠕᙧ⪋ୖᏛࠖࠗ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ඲㞟࠘12㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㸪1988 ᖺ㸧
18

81࡛࠶ࡽࢀࡿ⚄ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ㸪㨦࡟⤊╔ࡍࡿ24ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(9) ᭦࡟ࠋ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡀࠗᙧ⪋ୖᏛ࠘➨ඵᕳ࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪࡜ࡾࡶ࡞࠾ࡉࡎ25ࠕᏑᅾ⪅ࠖ㸦ens㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠕ୍࡞ࡿࡶࡢࠖ㸦unum㸧࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪⮬ࡽࢆࠕᏑᅾ⪅ࠖ࡞࠸ࡋ26ࠕ୍࡞ࡿࡶࡢࠖ
࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸27ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪㨦ࡣ⮬ࡽࢆࠕᏑᅾ⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕ୍࡞ࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ๰㐀⪅࡛࠶ࡿ⚄ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸28ࠋ(10) ᭦࡟ࠋఱ࠿ࢆྍ⬟ែ࠿ࡽ⌧ᐇែ࡬࡜㌿໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪సືࡍࡿࡶࡢ
㸦agens㸧ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪ྍ⬟ែ࠿ࡽ⌧ᐇែ࡬࡜㌿໬ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࡣ㸪㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦ࡀෆᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡢࡳ㐺ྜࡍࡿ29ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡶࡋ㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪㨦ࡣసືᅉ㸦causa agens㸧ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ30㸪ࡑࢀࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ഇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

Cf. SSS II, d. 17, a. 2, ad 4: “Sed actio creantis Dei terminatur ad animam, quam in esse
producit.“㸦ࠕࡔࡀ㸪๰㐀⪅࡛࠶ࡿ⚄ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ㸪Ꮡᅾ࡬࡜⏘ฟࡍࡿ㨦࡟⤊╔ࡍࡿࠋࠖ㸧
25 Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ statim est ens et unum㸪Robb ∧ࡣ statim ࢆḞࡃࠋ
26 Leonina ∧ࡣ ens uel unum㸪Robb ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ ens et unum.
27 Aristoteles, Metaphysica VIII, 1045a36-b7:ࠕᛮᝳⓗࡢ࡟ࡏࡼឤぬⓗࡢ࡟ࡏࡼ㸪࠾ࡼࡑ࡞ࢇ
ࡽࡢ㉁ᩱࢆࡶ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡝ࡶࠝ᭱㧗ࡢ㢮ᴫᛕࠞࡣ㸪ࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡢࡺ࠼࡟㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡳ࡞㸪㸬㸬㸬㸬࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶࡇࢀࡽࡀࡑࢀ⮬ࡽᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡑࢀ⮬ࡽᡈࡿ୍ࡘࡢࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠝ୰␎ࠞࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢᮏ㉁ࡣ㸪ࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡢࡺ࠼࡟㸪࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶࡇࢀࡽࡑࢀ⮬య࡛㸬㸬㸬㸬ࠝᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟୍ࠞ✀ࡢᏑᅾ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀᡈࡿ୍ࡘࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ
࡚ࡲࡓࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢཎᅉࡣ௚࡟ࡣᏑࡏ
ࡎ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢཎᅉࡶ௚࡟ࡣᏑࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㸦ฟ㝯ヂ㸧
28 Cf. ST I, q. 75, a. 5, arg. 3; De spir. creat., a. q, arg. 5
29 Cf. Aristoteles, Physica I, 190b11:ࠕ௨ୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓ஦᯶࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪᫂ࡽ࠿࡟㸪⏕ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣࡍ࡭࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡶ」ྜⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪୍᪉࡟⏕ᡂ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚⏕ࡌ࡚ࡃࡿఱࡶࡢ࠿ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪௚᪉࡟ࡑࢀ࡬࡜⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃඖࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࠝࡿࠞࠋࠖෆᒣ຾฼ヂࠕ⮬↛Ꮫࠖࠗ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ඲㞟࠘4㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㸪2017 ᖺ㸧
30 㨦ࡢᏑᅾࡢ୚࠼୺㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕసືᅉ㸦causa agens㸧࡜ࡣ⚄࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋST I, q. 90, a. 2
࠾ࡼࡧ a. 3 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ2482(11) ᭦࡟ࠋ
ࠗ▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘ࡢ୰࡛࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣟࢫࡣ31㸪㨦ࡣࣄ࣮ࣗࣞⓗ࡞▱ᛶ㸦intellectus ylealis㸧ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ32ࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪ࣄ࣮ࣗࣞ㸦yle33㸧࡜ࡣ➨୍㉁ᩱ㸦materia prima㸧ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡢෆ࡟ࡣ➨୍㉁ᩱ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ34ࠋ(12) ᭦࡟ࠋᏑᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ඲࡚㸪⣧⢋࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿㸪⣧⢋࡞ྍ⬟ែ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែ࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿㸪ࡑࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪㨦ࡣ⣧⢋࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪⣧⢋࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣ၏୍⚄ࡢࡳࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ35ࠋࡲࡓ㸪㨦ࡣ⣧⢋࡞ྍ⬟ែ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ
࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ➨୍㉁ᩱ࡜ఱࡽ␗࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ
ࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែ࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㨦ࡣࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᙧ┦ࡣ⌧ᐇែࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(13) ᭦࡟ࠋಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡣ඲࡚㸪㉁ᩱ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㨦ࡣࠕ㨦ࡀࡑࡢෆ࡟ᅾࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ㉁ᩱࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸦ex materia in qua㸧㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㌟య࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸36ࠋࡶࡋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㌟
యࡀ⁛ࡧࡿ࡜㨦ࡢಶయ໬ࡶᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ
ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㨦ࡣࠕ㨦ࡀࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᡂࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ㉁ᩱࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ

࢔ࣇࣟࢹ࢕ࢩ࢔ࢫࡢ࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣟࢫࠋ2㹼3 ୡ⣖ࡢ࣌ࣜࣃࢺࢫᏛὴࡢဴᏛ⪅ࠋ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡢト㔘⪅࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
32 Cf. Alexander of Aphrodisias Supplement to “On the Soul,“ trans. R.W. Sharples (New York:
Cornell University Press, 2004), p. 24, On Intellect, 106, 19-20: “Intellect is according toAristotle of three [types]. One is material intellect.“33 ࢠࣜࢩ࢔ㄒ ὕλη㸦㉁ᩱ㸧34 ㉁ᩱ㸦materia㸧࡜ࡣ⮬↛⏺ࡢ⏕ᡂᾘ⁛ࡢࡶ࡜࡟࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣ⏕ᡂࡶᾘ⁛ࡶࡋ࡞࠸⣲ᮦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㉁ᩱࡣᙧ┦㸦forma㸧ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≉ᐃࡢ✀࡟࠾ࡅࡿಶⓗᐇయ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᐇయࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ෆᅾࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙧ┦࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㉁ᩱࡣྍ⬟ែ࡟࠾࠸࡚࠶ࡿࠋ
➨୍㉁ᩱ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡲࡔ࠸࠿࡞ࡿᙧ┦ࢆࡶᣢࡓ࡞࠸⣧⢋ྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿ㉁ᩱࢆࡉࡋ࡚ゝࢃࢀࡿࠋᒣ⏣ᬗヂࠗࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢔ࢡ࢕ࢼࢫ ⚄Ꮫ኱඲࠘㸦୰බࢡࣛࢩࢵࢡࢫ㸪2014 ᖺ㸧Ϩ㸪p. 121㸪ト 2 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ35 ⚄ࡢࡳࡀ⣧⢋⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ST I, q. 50, a. 2, ad 3 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ36 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ ex materia in qua, scilicet corpore㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ ex materia in qua
est, scilicet ex corpore.
31

83࡚㸦ex materia ex qua㸧ಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ37ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱࢆ⮬ࡽࡢᵓᡂ㒊ศ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(14) ᭦࡟ࠋ
ࠗ⏕ᡂ࡜ᾘ⁛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘➨୍ᕳ࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡟㸪స⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜స⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢඹ㏻ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ
࡞࠸38ࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㨦ࡣ㸪㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿㅖࠎࡢྍឤⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
స⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪୍ேࡢே㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚ឤぬⓗ㨦ࡢᐇయ࡜▱ᛶⓗ㨦ࡢᐇయࡣูࠎࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ඹ㏻ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㨦ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢෆ࡟㉁ᩱࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ࡜ࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸39ࠋ(15) ᭦࡟ࠋ㨦ࡣኳ౑ࡼࡾࡶ༢⣧࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ㸪୍ࡘࡢ✀࡜ࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢ㢮࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣኳ౑࡟ࡶ㐺ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ40ࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪✀࡜ࡋ࡚㢮࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ඲࡚㸪㉁ᩱ
࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪㢮ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡟
┦ᙜࡋ㸪✀ᕪࡣᙧ┦࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ41ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡘࡲࡾ㸪㨦ࡢಶయ໬ࡣ㸪㨦ࡀෆᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㌟య࡟ࡼࡿಶయ໬࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㨦ࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㉁ᩱ࡟ࡼࡿಶయ໬࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㌟యࡢ⁛ࡧ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㨦ࡢಶయ໬ࡀᾘ⁛ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
38 Cf. Aristoteles, De generatione et corruptione I, 323b31-33:ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪స⏝ࢆཷࡅస⏝ࢆཬࡰࡍ⮬↛ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࡓࡲࡓࡲఱ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ཯ᑐᛶࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ཯ᑐࡢࡶࡢ࡟࠿ࡂࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㸪స⏝ࢆཬࡰࡍࡶࡢ࡜స⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࡶࡢࡶ㸪㢮ⓗ࡟ࡣఝ࡚࠾ࡾྠࡌࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪✀ⓗ࡟ࡣఝ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ཯ᑐࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦㔠ᒣヂ㸧
39 Leonina ∧ࡣ ita oportet quod㸪Robb ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ ita videtur quod.
40 Cf. ST I, q. 50, a. 4ࠕኳ౑ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ✀ࢆ␗࡟ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠖ
41 Cf. ST I, q. 50, a. 2, arg. 1:ࠕఱࡽ࠿ࡢ㢮 genus ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚㢮࡜✀ᕪdifferentia ࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ✀ᕪࡀ㢮࡟ຍࢃࡗ࡚✀ species ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ↛ࡿ࡟㸪㢮ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡟⏤᮶ࡋ㸪✀ᕪࡣᙧ┦࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࠗᙧ⪋ୖᏛ࠘➨ඵᕳ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡈ࡜ࡃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㢮࡟࠾࠸࡚࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ
┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ᪥ୗ᫛ኵヂࠗ⚄Ꮫ኱඲࠘4㸦๰ᩥ♫㸪1973 ᖺ㸧
3784(16) ᭦࡟ࠋඹ㏻ⓗ࡞ᙧ┦㸦forma communis㸧ࡣ㸪㉁ᩱࡢศ๭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ከᩘࡢ
ࡶࡢ࡟ศ࠿ࡓࢀࡿ42ࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪ࠕ▱ᛶⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ
㸦intellectualitas㸧ࡣ㸪ㅖࠎࡢ㨦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ኳ౑ࡓࡕ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶඹ㏻ⓗ࡞ᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ┦ࡀࡑࡢศ๭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ከᩘࡢࡶࡢ࡬࡜㓄ศࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࡢఱࡽ࠿ࡢ㉁ᩱࡀ㸪ኳ౑ࡓࡕཬࡧㅖࠎࡢ㨦ࡢෆ࡟ᅾࡿ࡜ࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞
࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ43ࠋ(17) ᭦࡟ࠋື࠿ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡣ඲࡚㉁ᩱࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪㨦ࡣື࠿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪࢔࢘ࢢࢫࢸ࢕ࢾࢫࡀ㸪㨦ࡀ㐠ືኚ໬ࡢᨭ㓄ୗ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪㨦ࡀ⚄ⓗ࡞ᮏᛶ࡟ࡣᒓࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ44ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡣ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࠙཯ᑐ␗ㄽࠚ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ཯ᑐ࡟ࠋ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣ඲࡚㸪ᙧ┦ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡶࡋ㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㨦ࡣᙧ┦ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡿ࡟㸪㨦ࡣᙧ┦࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᙧ┦ࡀᙧ┦ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ୙ྍ⬟ࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚↓㝈࡟㐍ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ45ࠋ࠙ゎ⟅ࠚ

Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ diuersificatur/diversificatur in multis㸪
Robb ∧ࡣ diversificatur
in multos.
43 Leonina ∧ࡣ in angelis et animabus㸪
Robb ∧ࡣ etiam in angelis et in animabus㸪Marietti∧ࡣ etiam in angelis et in animalibus.
44 Cf. Augustinus, De Genesi ad letteram, VII, 2:ࠕ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ⚄ࡢᮏᛶ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᐇయࡣ୙ኚ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠝ୰␎ࠞࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㨦ࡢᮏᛶࡣࡼࡾᝏ࠸≧ែ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡼࡾⰋ࠸≧ែ࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࢆㄡࡀ␲࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࡔ࠿ࡽ㨦࡜⚄
ࡀ୍ࡘࡢᐇయ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣෑᾨⓗ࡞⪃࠼࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ∦ᰗᰤ୍ヂࠕ๰ୡグ㏲ㄒὀゎࠖࠗ࢔࢘ࢢࢫࢸ࢕ࢾࢫⴭస㞟࠘16㸦1994㸪ᩍᩥ㤋㸧
45 Leonina ∧ࡣ procedere in infinitum㸪Robb ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ ire in infinitum. ࡇࢀࡣࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᙧ┦ࡀᙧ┦ࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᙧ┦ࡀ᭦࡟ᙧ┦ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ලయ࡟㸪↓㝈ᚋ㏥㸦infinite
regress㸧ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
42

85ゎ⟅ࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ぢゎࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᡈࡿேࠎ
ࡣ㸪㨦ࡣ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᐇ࡟⚄௨እࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᐇయࡣࡇ࡜ࡈ࡜ࡃ඲࡚㸪㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୺ᙇࡢ᭱ึࡢᥦၐ⪅ࡣࠗ࿨ࡢἨ࠘
ࡢⴭ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࣦ࢕ࢣࣈ࡛ࣟࣥ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ46ࠋࡑࡢㄽᣐࡣ̿̿␗ㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟47̿̿㉁ᩱࡢ≉ᛶࡢぢฟࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡣᚲࡎ㉁ᩱ
ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㨦࡟ࡣ㸪ཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᇶయ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪㉁ᩱࡢ≉ᛶࡀぢ࠺ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㨦ࡢෆ࡟ࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㉁ᩱࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜᩿ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࡢㄽᣐࡣྲྀࡿ࡟㊊ࡽࡠࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ୺ᙇࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢㄽᣐࡢⷧᙅࡉࡣḟࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᇶయ࡜࡞ࡿ
ࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㨦࡜➨୍㉁ᩱ࡟ྠࡌព࿡࡛㐺ྜࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸ࠋ➨୍㉁ᩱࡣኚ໬㸦transmutatio㸧࡜㐠ື㸦motus㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ఱ࠿ࢆཷࡅྲྀ
ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠗ⮬↛Ꮫ࠘➨ඵᕳ࡟ㄽドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿኚ໬
࡜㐠ືࡣ㸪➨୍⩏ⓗ࡛᭱ࡶඹ㏻ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ሙᡤⓗ࡞㐠ືኚ໬㸦motus
localis㸧࡟㑏ඖࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ48㸪㉁ᩱࡣࠕሙᡤ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠖ
ࡢෆ࡟ࡢࡳぢฟࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ㸪ሙᡤ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ቃᇦࡀ⏬ࡉࢀࡿ㸦circumscribuntur㸧࡜ࡇࢁࡢ㸪≀యⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ49ࠋࡑ

Cf. Avicebron (Avencebrol), Fons vitae, I, c. 5., Tanslationem ex Arabico in Latinum
primum edidit Clemens Baeumker, Beitr¦ge zur Geschichte der Philosophie undTheologie des Mittelalters, Band 1, Heft 2-4, (M¾nster: Aschendorff, 1895). Avicebron
㸦Ibun Gabirol㸪1020 㡭㹼1070 㡭㸧ࡣ㸪ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ⏕ࡲࢀࡢࣘࢲࣖேဴᏛ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋ47 ᮏၥ㢟 ➨භ␗ㄽࠋ48 Cf. Aristoteles, Physica VIII, 260a27-261a27:ࠕࡉ࡚㸪㐠ືኚ໬࡟ࡣ୕✀ࡢࡶࡢ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ኱ࡁࡉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸪ཷືⓗᵝែ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ሙᡤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ሙᡤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣሙᡤ⛣ື࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡀ᰿ᮏ➨୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࡇ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠝ௨ୗ┬␎ࠞࠖෆᒣ຾฼ヂࠗ⮬↛Ꮫ࠘㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㸪2017ᖺ㸧㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬
49 Cf. ST I, q. 50, a. 1, ad 3㸸ࠕ≀య࡟ᅛ᭷࡞ࡢࡣሙᡤⓗ࡞ᴟ㝈 termini locales ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ቃᇦ
ࢆ๸ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡯࠿࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㸦᪥ୗヂ㸧
46

86
ࢀࡺ࠼㸪
ࠕ㉁ᩱࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࢆᨾព࡟ྠྡ␗⩏ⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࡞࠸㝈ࡾ50㸪ဴᏛ⪅
ࡓࡕࡀ㉁ᩱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑ࠺㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪㉁ᩱࡣ≀యⓗㅖ஦≀ࡢෆ࡟ࡋ࠿ぢฟࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ51ࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ㨦ࡣ㸪ኚ໬࡜㐠ື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ఱ࠿ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠗ⮬↛Ꮫ࠘➨୐ᕳ࡟㸪㨦ࡣᖹ㟼࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠾࠸࡚▱㆑࠶ࡿ⪅㸪ᛮ៖࠶ࡿ⪅࡜࡞ࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟52㸪ࡴࡋࢁ㏫࡟㸪㐠ື࡜ࠕྍືⓗ࡞ㅖ஦≀ࠖ㸦res mobiles㸧࠿ࡽࡢศ㞳ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㨦ࡣࠝ▱㆑ࡸ⌮ゎࢆࠞཷࡅ࡜ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟㸪࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡣࠗ㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘➨୕ᕳ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࡀཷື࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪≀యⓗㅖ஦≀࡟࠾ࡅࡿཷື࡜ࡣูࡢព࿡࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿ53ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㨦ࡀఱ࠿ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓࡾཷືࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࠿ࡽ㸪㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿேࡣ㸪᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ከ⩏ࡢ⹫ഇ㸦equiuocatio㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ḭ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠿ࡃࡋ࡚㸪ඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓ
ㄽᣐࡀྲྀࡿ࡟㊊ࡽࡠࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢ୺ᙇࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢ௙᪉࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࠺ࡿࠋ➨୍࡟㸪㉁ᩱ࡟฿᮶ࡍࡿᙧ┦ࡣ୍ࡘࡢ✀ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡶࡋ㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ
┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㨦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦ࡢྜ୍ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ᡈࡿ୍ࡘࡢ✀ࡀᐇᅾ⏺࡟㸦in rerum natura㸧ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ஧ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀ⼥ྜࡋ࡚ΰྜయࡢ✀ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿሙྜࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Cf. De ente, c. 4, u. 152-154:ࠕࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ㅖࠎࡢ▱ᛶయ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែࡣぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᙧ┦࡜㉁ᩱࡣྠྡ␗⩏ⓗ࡟࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤぢฟࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ✄ᇉⰋ඾ヂࠗᅾࡿࡶࡢ
࡜ᮏ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘㸦▱Ἠ᭩㤋㸪2012 ᖺ㸧
51 Cf. De ente, c. 4, u. 8-11:ࠕࠝ▱ᛶᐇయࡸ㨦࡟ࡶᙧ┦࡜㉁ᩱࡢ」ྜࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡣࠞဴᏛ⪅ࡓࡕࡢㄝࡃ࡜ࡇࢁ࡜඲㠃ⓗ࡟┦ᐜࢀ࡞࠸㸪࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽဴᏛ⪅ࡓࡕࡣࡑࢀࡽࢆ㉁ᩱ࠿ࡽศ
㞳ࡉࢀࡓㅖᐇయ࡜ྡ௜ࡅ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ㉁ᩱ࡞ࡋ࡟ᅾࡿࡇ࡜ࢆド᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࠖ㸦✄ᇉヂ㸧
52 Cf. Aristoteles, Physica VII, 247b23-24:ࠕ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㸪㨦ࡀ⮬↛ⓗ࡞ᦂື࠿ࡽᖹ㟼࡞≧ែ࡟࡞ࡿ㸦࢝ࢸ࢕ࢫࢱࢫࢱ࢖㸧ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ேࡣᛮ៖࠶ࡿ⪅࡜࡞ࡾ㸪▱㆑࠶ࡿ⪅࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ෆᒣヂ㸧
53 Aristoteles, De anima III, 429a29-30:ࠕࡲࡓ㸪స⏝ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡣឤぬࡍࡿ⬟ຊ㸦㒊ศ㸧࡜▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ⬟ຊ㸦㒊ศ㸧ࡢሙྜ࡛ࡣྠᵝࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ឤぬჾᐁ࡜ឤぬ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦୰⏿ヂ㸧
50

87ࡑࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ࡀఱࡽ࠿ࡢ௙᪉࡛⁛ࡰࡉࢀࡿሙྜࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࡣ54㸪ࡑࢀ⮬య࡛✀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪✀ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟௚ࡢࡶࡢ࡜ྜ୍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜㸪㨦ࡣே㛫࡜࠸࠺✀ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㌟య࡜ྜ୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ55㸪ே㛫࡜࠸࠺✀ࡢ඲యࡀ㨦࡟࠾࠸࡚ᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ഇ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࡶࡋ㌟యࡀே㛫࡜࠸࠺✀࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪㌟య
ࡣ௜ᖏⓗ࡞௙᪉࡛㨦࡟௜ࡅຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪ࡇࡢ⌮⏤࠿ࡽ㸪ᡭࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡭࡣ᏶඲࡞✀ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠾ࡽࡎ㸪✀ࡢ㒊ศ࡞ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ᡭࡢ㉁ᩱࡣ⮬ࡽࡢᙧ┦࡟ࡼࡗู࡚ಶ࡟᏶ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪୍ࡘࡢᙧ┦ࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ㌟య඲యࡢ㉁ᩱࢆ᏶ᡂࡍࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࡑࡢ඲࡚ࡢ㒊
ศࡢ㉁ᩱࢆࡶ᏶ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋ㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࡶࡋ㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪⮬↛ࡢ⛛ᗎ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚㸪㨦ࡢ㉁ᩱࡀࡲࡎ⮬ࡽࡢᙧ┦࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᏶ᡂࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ࡟㌟యࡀ㨦࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᏶ᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋ࠿ࡍࡿ࡜
㨦ࡢ㉁ᩱࡣ㌟యࡢ㉁ᩱࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠺ேࡀ࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ඲ࡃࡢ୙ྜ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᭦࡟㸪ୖ࡟ᣲࡆࡓ୺ᙇࡣ56㸪ḟࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ඲࡚࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㉁ᩱࡣᏑᅾࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ
࡚ᅾࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪Ꮡᅾࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅾࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣᙧ┦࡟Cf. De mixtione elementorum, Leonina, u. 40-48: “Impossibile est autem in idem conuenire
propriam dispositionem que requiritur ad formam ignis, et propriam dispositionem que
requiritur ad formam aque, quia secundum huiusmodi dispositiones ignis et aqua suntcontraria; contraria autem impossibile est esse in eodem: impossibile est igitur quod ineadem parte mixti sint forme substantiales ignis et aque.“㸦ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ⅆࡢᙧ┦࡟ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿᅛ᭷ࡢᛶ㉁࡜Ỉࡢᙧ┦࡟ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿᅛ᭷ࡢᛶ㉁࡜ࡀྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡟࠾࠸࡚㐺ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛶ㉁࡟༶ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ㸪ⅆ࡜Ỉࡣ཯ᑐᑐ❧ⓗࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ཯ᑐᑐ❧ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢࡢෆ࡟ᅾࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ⅆࡢᐇయⓗᙧ┦࡜Ỉࡢᐇయⓗᙧ┦ࡀΰྜ≀ࡢྠ୍ࡢ㒊ศ࡟ᅾࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸧
55 Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ uniretur㸪Robb ∧ࡣ unitur.
56 Leonina ∧ࡣ positio premissa㸪Robb ∧ࡣ positio praedicta㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ positio prima.
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࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㨦ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ඲య࡟༶ࡋ࡚57 ㌟యࡢᏑᅾࡢᙧ┦ⓗ᰿※࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ
୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ58ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜㸪㨦ࠝࡢ඲యࠞࡀ㌟యࡢᙧ┦࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪㨦࡟ᒓࡍࡿఱ࠿ࡀ㌟యࡢᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࡢ㌟
యࡢᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪㨦࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪୺ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࠖࡀ㨦࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㨦࡜ࡣ㌟యࡢᙧ
┦࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ59ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢ୺ᙇࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ูࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡶࡋ㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㌟యࡶࡲࡓࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪୧⪅ࡣࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࡢ୍ᛶ㸦unitas㸧ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍ
ࡿ࡜㸪㨦࡜㌟య࡜ࢆྜ୍ࡉࡏࡿఱࡽ࠿ࡢ➨୕ࡢࡶࡢࢆᥐᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿㸪ඛࡢ୺ᙇࢆಙዊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࠎࡶࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼ
ࡽࡀゝ࠺࡟ࡣ㸪㨦ࡣ௓ᅾࡍࡿග࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㌟య࡜ྜ୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞
ࢃࡕ㸪⮬⫱ⓗ㨦ࡣᫍ㎮ኳ㸦celum sidereum㸧ࡢග࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ឤぬⓗ㨦ࡣỈᬗኳ㸦 celum crystallinum 㸧 ࡢ ග ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ⌮ ᛶ ⓗ 㨦 ࡣ ί ⅆ ኳ 㸦 celum
empyreum㸧ࡢග࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣ඲࡚ᯫ✵ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ60ࠋࠗᙧ⪋ୖᏛ࠘➨ඵᕳ࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡟61㸪㨦ࡣ㌟య࡜㸪⌧ᐇែࡀྍ⬟ែ࡜ྜ୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪↓፹௓ⓗ࡟ྜ୍ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

Leonina ∧ࡣ secundum se totam㸪Robb ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ se tota.
Cf. ST I, q. 76, a. 1, cor.:ࠕᡃࠎࡣࡲࡓ㸪ࡶࡋ㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙࢆ࡜ࡗࡓ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࡢሙྜ㸪ዴఱ࡞ࡿព࿡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㨦ࡣ㌟యࡢᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠸
࠼࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ὀពࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࡠࠋࡅࡔࡋ㸪ᙧ┦ࡣ⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㉁ᩱࡣྍ⬟ែ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ࡓࡿ࡟ࡍࡂࡎ㸪
ࡔ࠿ࡽ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࡜ࡢ」ྜయ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢࡣ㸪ዴఱ࡞ࡿ௙᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪⮬ࡽࡢ඲య࡟༶ࡋ࡚௚⪅ࡢᙧ┦ࡓࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ኱㮵୍ṇヂࠗ⚄Ꮫ኱඲࠘㸦๰ᩥ♫㸪1969 ᖺ㸧
59 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ sola forma eius/ejus㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ solum forma eius.
60 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ omnia fabulosa㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ omnino fabulosa.
61 Cf. Aristoteles, Metaphysica VIII, 1045b7-22㸸ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪ࡉࡁ࡯࡝ゝࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪஦≀ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࠝ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࠞ㉁ᩱ࡜ࡑࡢᆺᘧ㸦ᙧ┦㸧࡜ࡣ㸪๓⪅ࡣྍ⬟ⓗ࡟㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣ⌧ᐇⓗ࡟㸪ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡾ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠝ୰␎ࠞ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟ྛࠎࡢ஦≀ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀᡈࡿ୍ࡘ
ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢྍ⬟ⓗ࡞࠶ࡾ᪉࡜⌧ᐇⓗ࡞࠶ࡾ᪉࡜ࡣ࡞ࢇࡽ࠿୍ࡘ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠋ
ࠖ㸦ฟ㝯ヂ㸧ࠋ㸦 㸧ෆࡢ⿵㊊ࡣ➹⪅ࠋ
57
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௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ
᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ62ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㨦ࡢෆ࡟⌧ᐇែ࡜ྍ⬟ែࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆ᤼㝖ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⌧ᐇែ࡜ྍ⬟ែࡣ㸪ྍኚⓗ࡞஦≀㸦res mutabiles㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡀࠗᙧ⪋ୖᏛ࠘➨஑ᕳ࡟
㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟63㸪ࡼࡾ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ64ࠋ௚᪉65㸪㉁ᩱࡣྍືⓗ࡞஦≀㸦res mobiles㸧ࡢෆ࡟ࡢࡳᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ66ࠋ 㨦ࡢෆ࡟⌧ᐇែ࡜ྍ⬟ែࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞௙᪉࡛ぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࡣ㸪㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ㠀㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡬࡜㐍ࢇ࡛⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⪃ᐹࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞
࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓᐇయࡢෆ࡟㸪ᡃࠎࡣ୕ࡘࡢࡶࡢࢆぢฟࡍ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪
ࠕ㉁ᩱࠖ
ࠕᙧ┦ࠖࡑࡋ࡚➨୕࡟ࠕᏑᅾ㸦esse㸧ࠖ
࡛࠶ࡿ67ࠋࡇࡢࠕᏑᅾࠖࡢጞ※㸦principium㸧ࡀ68㸪ࡲࡉࡋࡃᙧ┦࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪㉁ᩱࡣᙧ┦ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮡᅾࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ manifestum fit㸪Robb ∧ࡣ manifestm sit.
Aristoteles, Metaphysica IX, 1048a25-30:ࠕ㐠ື࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟࠾࠸࡚ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢹࣗࢼ࣑ࢫ
ࠝࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⬟ຊࠞ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚㸪ࡘࡂ࡟ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࢚ࢿࣝࢤ࢖
࢔ࠝ⌧ᐇάື㸪⌧ᐇែࠞ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢤ࢖࢔࡜ࡣ࡞࡟࡛࠶ࡿ࠿㸪ࡲࡓࡑࢀࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ㸪つᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࢆศᯒࡍࢀࡤ㸪ྠ᫬࡟ࡲࡓ
ࢹࣗࢼࢺࣥࠝ⬟ࡢ࠶ࡿ㸪ࡲࡓࡣྍ⬟࡞ࠞ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡓࡔࡓࢇ
࡟ࡑࡢᮏᛶୖ㸪➃ⓗ࡟ࡲࡓࡣ࡞ࢇࡽ࠿ࡢ᮲௳ࡢࡶ࡜࡛௚ࡢࡶࡢࢆື࠿ࡋࡲࡓࡣ௚ࡢࡶࡢ࡟
㸬㸬㸬㸬ࡼࡗ࡚ື࠿ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࢆࢹࣗࢼࢺࣥࠝࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡾࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿ⬟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠞ࡜࠸࠺ࡔ
ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿព࿡࡛ࡶࡑ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺
࠿ࡽࠋࠖฟ㝯ヂࠕᙧ⪋ୖᏛࠖࠗ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ඲㞟࠘12㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㸪1968 ᖺ㸧࡞࠾㸪Robb∧࡜ Marietti ∧࡛ࡣࠗᙧ⪋ୖᏛ࠘➨஑ᕳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ➨ඵᕳ㸦1044b27-29㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
64 Leonina ∧ࡣ non solum in rebus mutabilibus inueniuntur, set sunt communiora㸪Robb ∧ࡣ non solum in rebus mobilibus sed etiam in immutabilibus inveniuntur sed suntcommuniora㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ non solum in rebus mobilibus, sed etiam in immutabilibus
inveniuntur, et sunt communiora.㸦࢖ࢱࣜࢵࢡࡣ➹⪅㸧
65 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ cum tamen㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ cum.
66 Cf. Aristoteles, Metaphysica VIII, 1044b27-29:ࠕࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ≀஦࡟㉁ᩱࡀ࠶ࡿࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪ࡓࡔ⏕ᡂࡀ࠶ࡾ஫࠸࡟௚࡬ࡢ㌿໬ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ஦≀࡟ࡢࡳ㉁ᩱࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬࠾ࡼࡑ㌿໬ࡢ㐣⛬࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡋ࡟ࡓࡔ࠶ࡾࡲࡓࡣ࠶ࡽࡠ≀஦࡟ࡣ㸪㉁ᩱࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㸦ฟ㝯ヂ㸧
67 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ et tertium esse㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ et ipsum esse.
68 ࠕጞ※ principiumࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡ⛠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ST I, q. 33, a. 1 ࢆཧ↷ࠋࢺ࣐ࢫࡣࡇࡇ࡛㸪⚄࠿ࡽᏑᅾࢆ᭱ึ࡟ཷࡅྲྀࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㉁ᩱ࡟୚࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᙧ┦ࢆࠕጞ※ࠖ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸
ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
6263

90
ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪Ꮡᅾࡣᙧ┦ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟క࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ69ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᙧ┦ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾ࡜ྠ୍࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᙧ┦ࡣࡑࡢᏑᅾࠝࢆཷࡅྲྀࡾ㸪㉁ᩱ࡟୚࠼ࡿࠞጞ※࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ70ࠋ㉁ᩱࡣᙧ┦࡟ࡼࡽࡎࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾ࡟⮳ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᙧ┦ࡣࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿ㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾࡢࡓࡵ࡟㉁ᩱࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪Ꮡᅾࡣᙧ┦ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟క࠺ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㉁ᩱࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᙧ┦ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸✀㢮ࡢᙧ┦ࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿ71ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㉁ᩱ࠿ࡽศ㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᡈࡿᙧ┦ࡀᏑᅾࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ఱࡽᕪࡋࡘ
࠿࠼ࡢ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ72㸪ᙧ┦ࡢᮏ㉁ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ㸪ࡕࡻ࠺࡝ྍ⬟ែࡀࡑࡢᅛ᭷ࡢ⌧ᐇែ࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟73㸪Ꮡᅾ࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᙧ
┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀࠕ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾ࡜ྠ୍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦ࠖࡢ⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿ㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋ⮬Cf. QDA, q. 14, u. 169-171: “Manifestum est autem quod esse per se consequitur formam:
unumquodque enim habet esse secundum propriam formam.“㸦ࠕᏑᅾࡀᙧ┦࡟⮬యⓗ࡟క࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ⓑ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪඲࡚ࡢࡶࡢࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ᅛ᭷ࡢᙧ┦࡟༶ࡋ࡚Ꮡ
ᅾࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸧
70 Cf. SCG II, c. 68, 1450:ࠕఱ࠿ࡀࡑࢀ࡜ࡣูࡢࡶࡢࡢᐇయⓗᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪஧ࡘࡢࡇ࡜ࡀせồࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡣ㸪ᙧ┦ࡀࡑࢀࡢᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᐇయⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡓ
ࡵࡢཎ⌮ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛㸺ཎ⌮㸼㸦principium㸧࡜⚾ࡀゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ไసⓗཎ⌮࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ఱ࠿ࡀࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸺Ꮡᅾ⪅㸼㸦ens㸧ࡔ࡜࿨ྡࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ┦ⓗཎ⌮ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ᕝῧヂ㸧㸦 㸧ෆࡢ⿵㊊ࡣ➹⪅ࠋ
71 Cf. De ente, c. 4, u. 45-58:ࠕ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᙧ┦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡟Ꮡᅾࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㉁ᩱࡣఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ┦࡞ࡋ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᡈࡿᙧ┦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡞ࡋ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㸪ᙧ┦ࡣᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟㉁ᩱ࡬ࡢ౫Ꮡࢆྵࢇ࡛ࡣ࠸࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡶࡋ㉁ᩱࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤᏑᅾࡋ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ┦ࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋ
ࡓࡽ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࢀࡽᙧ┦࡟㉳ࡇࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ➨୍ࡢ⣧⢋⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ➨୍᰿※࠿ࡽ㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ࡜࡙࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚㸪➨୍⌧ᐇែ࡟᭱ࡶ㏆ࡃ఩⨨ࡍࡿㅖᙧ┦ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ⮬య࡛㉁ᩱ࡞ࡋ࡟⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㸪๓㏙
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙧ┦ࡣࡑࡢ㢮ࡢ඲య࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㉁ᩱࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦✄ᇉヂ㸧
72 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ et in huiusmodi/hujusmodi forma ipsa essentia forme/formae
comparatur㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ et esse sit in huiusmodi forma. Ipsa enim essentia formae
comparatur.㸦࢖ࢱࣜࢵࢡࡣ➹⪅㸧
73 Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ sicut potentia ad proprium actum㸪Robb ∧ࡣ sicut ad proprium
actum. 㸦࢖ࢱࣜࢵࢡࡣ➹⪅㸧
69

91ࡽࡢᏑᅾ࡜ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ̿̿ࡑࢀࡣ⚄࡟ࡢࡳ㐺ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡀ̿̿ࡑࡇ࡟ᅾࡿࡢࡣ㸪ྍ⬟ែ࡜⌧ᐇែ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⣧⢋࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿ74ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡢࡺ࠼࡟㸪࢚࣎ࢸ࢕࢘ࢫࡣࠗࢹ࣭࣊ࣈࢻ࣐ࢹ࢕ࣈࢫ࠘
࡟࠾࠸࡚75㸪⚄௨እࡢ඲࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕᅾࡿࡶࡢࠖ
㸦quod est㸧࡜ࠕᏑᅾࠖ
㸦esse㸧࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ᡈࡿேࠎࡀゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࠕᅾࡿࡶࡢࠖ
㸦quod est㸧࡜ࠕࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅾࡿࡶࡢࠖ
㸦quo est㸧࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿ76ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠕ㉮⾜ࠖ
㸦cursus㸧ࡀࠕᡈࡿேࡀࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉮ࡿࡶࡢࠖ㸦quoaliquis currit㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ࠕᏑᅾࠖ㸦esse㸧ࡇࡑࡀࠕఱ࠿ࡀࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ᅾࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ77ࠋ௨ୖ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㨦ࡣࠕࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡋ࠺ࡿᙧ┦ࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪㨦ࡢෆ࡟ࡣ⌧ᐇែ࡜ྍ⬟ែࡢ」ྜࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ78ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࠕᏑᅾࠖ
㸦esse㸧࡜ࠕᅾࡿࡶࡢࠖ
㸦quod est㸧ࡢ」ྜ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦ࡢ」ྜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

Cf. ST I, q. 75, a. 5, ad 4:ࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࠕศ᭷ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࠖparticipatum ࡣ㸪ࠕศ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢࠖ
participans ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ⌧ᐇែࡓࡿ఩⨨࡟࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪࠾ࡼࡑࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛௨࡚⮬Ꮡࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⿕㐀ⓗᙧ┦ࡶ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡸࡣࡾᏑᅾࢆศ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࡠࠋ
ࠝ୰␎ࠞࡔࡀ㸪ศ᭷ࡉࢀࡿᏑᅾ esse participatum ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢࡢཷᐜຊ
capacitas ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㝈⏺࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚㸪⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾࡑࡢࡶࡢ ipsum suum esseࡓࡿ⚄ࡢࡳࡀ㸪⣧⢋࡟ࡋ࡚㝈ࡽࢀࡊࡿ⌧ᐇែ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦኱㮵ヂ㸧
75 Boethius, De hebdomadibus, PL 64, 1311B.
76 Cf. De ente, c. 4, u. 163-166:ࠕࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡢࡺ࠼࡟㸪ᡈࡿㄽ⪅ࡓࡕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡢ✀ࡢᐇయࡣࠕ͐࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅾࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ࠕ࡛͐࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠖ࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢚࣎ࢸ࢕࢘ࢫࡀ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ࡛͐࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ࠕᏑᅾࠖ࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ㸦✄ᇉヂ㸧㸹ST I, q. 75, a. 5, ad 4:ࠕ▱ᛶⓗᐇయ࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࡸࡣࡾ⌧ᐇែ࡜ྍ⬟ែ࡜ࡢ」ྜࡀᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࡜ࡢ」ྜ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡓࡔࠕᙧ┦ࠖ࡜ࠕศ᭷ࡉࢀࡓᏑᅾࠖ࡜ࡢ」ྜ࡟࡯࠿࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᡈࡿࡦ࡜ࡧ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ㸪ࠕࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢࠖquo est ࡜ࠕࡶࡢࡀࡑࢀ࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢࠖquod est ࡜ࡢ」ྜ࡜⛠ࡏࡽࢀࡿᡤ௨ࡶࡇࡇ࡟Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡅࡔࡋ㸪Ꮡ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬
ᅾ esse ࡇࡑࡣ㸪ࡲࡉࡋࡃࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ
㸦኱㮵ヂ㸧
77 Cf. ST I, q. 50, a. 2, ad 3:ࠕࡲࡓ㸪ࠕᏑᅾࠖesse ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ࠕࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇయࡀᏑᅾࡍ
ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢࠖquo substantia est ࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࡕࡻ࠺࡝㸪ࠕ㉮⾜ࠖcursus ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠕࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉮⪅ࡢ㉮ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢࠖquo currens currit ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ఝ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ㸦᪥ୗヂ㸧
78 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ forma per se subsistere potens, est in ea compositio㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ
forma per se subsistens, potest esse in ea compositio.㸦࢖ࢱࣜࢵࢡࡣ➹⪅㸧
74

92࠙␗ㄽ࡬ࡢゎ⟅ࠚ
(1)➨ 1 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⟠ᡤ࡛࢚࣎ࢸ
࢕࢘ࢫࡀ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪඲ࡃ༢⣧࡛࠶ࡿᙧ┦㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⚄ࡢᮏ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚄ࡢᮏ㉁࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣྍ⬟ែ࡟ᒓࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣఱࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ⣧⢋࡞⌧ᐇែ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ᇶయ㸦subiectum㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ኳ౑ࡓࡕࡸே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡢࡼ࠺࡞௚ࡢㅖࠎࡢ༢⣧ᙧ┦ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣ⮬Ꮡࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ྍ⬟ែ࡟ᒓࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᇶయ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ఱ࠿ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡾ࠺
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺ྜࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(2)➨ 2 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕᏑᅾࠖ
㸦esse㸧ࡣ㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿࡶࡢ࡟ศ᭷ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿ✲ᴟⓗ࡞⌧ᐇែ㸦actus ultimus㸧࡛࠶ࡿ79ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮡᅾࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣఱࡶศ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡶࡋ⮬ᏑࡍࡿᏑᅾࡑ
ࡢࡶࡢ㸦ipsum esse subsistens㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡀᅾࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡣఱࡶ
ศ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋᡃࠎࡣ⚄ࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔࡀ㸪௚ࡢㅖࠎࡢ⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣᏑᅾࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ྍ⬟ែࡀ⌧ᐇែ࡟㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ꮡᅾ࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽ79

Cf. CT I, c. 11: “Item, ostensum est quod Deus est actus purus absque alicuius
potentialitatis permixtione; oportet igitur quod eius essentia sit ultimus actus, nam omnis
actus qui est circa ultimum est in potentia ad ultimum actum. Vltimus autem actus est
ipsum esse. Cum enim omnis motus sit exitus de potentia in actum, oportet illud esse
ultimum actum in quem tendit omnis motus; et cum motus naturalis in hoc tendat quod
est naturaliter desideratum, oportet hoc esse ultimum actum quod omnia desiderant: hoc
autem est esse. Oportet igitur quod essentia diuina, que est actus purus et ultimus sit
ipsum esse.“㸦ࠕࡲࡓ㸪⚄ࡀ㸪ྍ⬟ែⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢΰྜࡀ඲ࡃ࡞࠸㸪⣧⢋࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡣࡍ࡛࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪⚄ࡢᮏ㉁ࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡟✲ᴟⓗ࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ✲ᴟ࡬࡜ྥ࠿࠺άືࡣ඲࡚㸪✲ᴟⓗ࡞⌧ᐇែ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡀ㸪✲ᴟⓗ࡞⌧ᐇែ࡜ࡣࡲ
ࡉ࡟Ꮡᅾ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐠ືኚ໬ࡣ඲࡚ྍ⬟ែ࠿ࡽ⌧ᐇែ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪඲࡚ࡢ㐠ືኚ໬ࡀྥ࠿࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㸪✲ᴟⓗ࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪⮬↛ⓗ࡞㐠ືኚ໬ࡣ⮬↛ⓗ࡟ḧồࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡬࡜ྥ࠿࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㸪඲࡚ࡢࡶࡢࡀḧồࡍࡿࡶࡢࡇࡑࡀ✲ᴟⓗ࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣᏑᅾ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪⣧⢋࡛✲ᴟⓗ࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ⚄ࡢᮏ㉁ࡣࠕᏑᅾࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸧

93
ࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ80ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
࠿ࡽ㸪௚ࡢࡶࡢࢆศ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(3)➨ 3 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᙧ┦ࡣ㸪ྍ⬟ែࡀ⌧ᐇែ࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ꮡᅾ࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࡓ
࡜࠼ࡤ㏱᫂࡞ࡶࡢࡀග࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡾ㸪ᾮయࡀ⇕࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ
ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ྍ⬟ែࡀ⌧ᐇែ࡬࡜㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟௚ࡢᙧ┦࡬ࡶ㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ఱࡽᕪࡋࡘ࠿࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡶࡋ
㏱᫂ᛶࡀࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ꮡࡍࡿ㞳ᅾⓗ࡞ᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾࢆཷᐜࡋ࠺ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃගࢆཷᐜࡋ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀ
࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ኳ౑ࡓࡕࡸே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦ࡀ㸪⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾࢆཷ
ᐜࡋ࠺ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ௚ࡢㅖࠎࡢ᏶඲ᛶࢆཷᐜࡋ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ఱࡽᕪࡋࡘ࠿࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪⮬Ꮡࡍࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ┦ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࡼࡾ᏶඲࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࠶ࡿ⛬㸪ࡼࡾᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࢆ⮬ࡽࡢ᏶඲ᛶࡢࡓ
ࡵ࡟ศ᭷ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣ⮬ࡽࡢᮏᛶࡢᮏ㉁ࡢෆ࡟ࡍ࡛
࡟ࡼࡾ㧗࠸᏶඲ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(4)➨ 4 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡣࠕ༢࡟ᙧ┦ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠖࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㌟యࡢෆ࡟ಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡓᙧ┦࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㌟యࡢከᩘᛶ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ከᩘ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ81ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㨦ࡀಶయ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࠝே㛫࡜࠸࠺ࠞ✀඲య࡟క࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ௜ᖏᛶࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㨦࡟క࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ఱࡽ
ᕪࡋࡘ࠿࠼ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ

(5)➨ 5 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㨦ࡢෆ࡟ᅾࡾ㸪ྍ⬟▱ᛶ࡟ᖐᒓࡏࡋࡵࡽࢀࡿࠕཷືࠖ
㸦passio㸧ࡣ㸪㉁ᩱ࡟ᖐᒓࡏࡋࡵࡽࢀࡿ

Leonina ∧ࡣ necesse est participare ipsum esse et comparari ad ipsum ut potentia ad
actum㸪Robb ∧ࡣ necesse est participare ipsum esse et comparari ad ipsum ut potentiam
ad actum㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ necesse est participare ad ipsum ut potentiam ad actum.
81 Leonina ∧ ࡣ et multiplicate secundum multitudinem corporum 㸪 Robb ∧ ࡣ etmultiplicatas numero secundum multiplicationem corporum 㸪 Marietti ∧ ࡣ etmultiplicatae numero secundum multiplicationem corporum.
80

94ࠕཷືࠖ㸦passio㸧࡜ࡣ㢮ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡢࠕཷືࠖࡣྠྡ␗
⩏ⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡀࠗ㨦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘➨୕
ᕳ࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ82ࠋྍ⬟▱ᛶࡢཷືࡣ㸪ఱ࠿ࡀ㠀㉁ᩱⓗ࡞௙᪉࡛ཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀࡿ㝈ࡾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿཷᐜ㸦receptio㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅾࡿࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓྠᵝ࡟㸪⬟ື▱ᛶࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ㉁ᩱⓗᙧ┦83 ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁ࡜ྠ
ࡌ௙᪉࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪⬟ື▱ᛶࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ㉁ᩱ࠿ࡽࠝᙧ┦ࢆࠞᢳ㇟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅾࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪≀⌮ⓗ࡞⬟ື⪅㸦agentes naturales㸧ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ㉁ᩱ࡟ᙧ┦ࢆ้༳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅾࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ
࠼㸪㨦ࡢෆ࡟ぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⬟ື࡜ཷື࠿ࡽࡣ㸪㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣᖐ⤖ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ(6)➨ 6 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᇶయ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪➨୍㉁ᩱ࡜ࡣูࡢព࿡࡛㨦࡟㐺ྜࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ84ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㉁ᩱࡢ≉ᛶࡀ㨦ࡢෆ࡟ぢฟࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࡣᖐ⤖ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ

(7)➨ 7 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㨦ࡀࡇ࠺ࡴࡿᆅ⊹ࡢⅆࡣ㉁ᩱⓗ࡛≀యⓗ࡞ⅆ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡋ࠿ࡋ㨦ࡣࡑࡢⅆࢆ㉁ᩱⓗ࡟㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㉁ᩱⓗ≀యࡀཷࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞௙᪉࡛ཷືࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢⅆࡣ⿢ࡁࢆୗࡍ⚄ࡢṇ⩏ࡢ㐨ල࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪㨦ࡣࡑࡢⅆ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⢭⚄ⓗ࣭㠀≀యⓗ࡞ⱞࡋࡳ㸦afflictio spiritualis㸧ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ85ࠋ

Aristoteles, De anima III, 429a29-b4:ࠕࡲࡓ㸪స⏝ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡣឤぬࡍࡿ⬟ຊ㸦㒊ศ㸧࡜▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ⬟ຊ㸦㒊ศ㸧ࡢሙྜ࡛ࡣྠᵝࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ឤぬჾᐁ࡜ឤぬ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ឤぬࡣ⃭Ⅿ࡞ឤぬࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡶࡢࢆឤぬࡋࡓ┤ᚋࡣឤぬࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࠝ୰␎ࠞࡋ࠿ࡋ▱ᛶࡣ㸪ఱ࠿㧗ᗘࡢ▱ᛶㄆ㆑ᑐ㇟ࢆ▱ᛶㄆ㆑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡼࡾ⛬ᗘࡢప࠸ࡶࡢࡶࡑࢀ࡟ຎࡽࡎ࡟▱ᛶேẶࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡴࡋࢁࡑࡢሙྜࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ▱ᛶࡣࡼࡾ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺ᶵ⬟ࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ឤぬࡣ㌟య࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣᶵ⬟ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ࡀ㸪▱ᛶࡣ㌟య࠿ࡽ㞳ᅾࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦୰⏿ヂ㸧
83 Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ actione formarum materialium㸪Marietti ∧ࡣ actione formarum
naturalium.㸦࢖ࢱࣜࢵࢡࡣ➹⪅㸧
84 Leonina ∧ࡣ competunt anime㸪Robb ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ animae conveniunt.
85 ḟࡢ⟠ᡤࢆཧ↷ࠋQDA, q. 21ࠕศ㞳ࡋࡓ㨦ࡣ≀యⓗ࡞ⅆ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⨩ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡿ࠿ࠖ㸹QDV, q. 26, a. 1ࠕ㌟య࠿ࡽศ㞳ࡋࡓ㨦ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ⱞࡋࡳࢆཷࡅࡿ࠿ࠖ
8295(8) ➨ 8 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡟⤊╔ࡍࡿࡣࡓࡽࡁ࡜ࡣ㸪ࠕ⏕ࡴࡶࡢࠖ㸦generans㸧ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࠕ⮬↛ⓗ࡞⏕ࡴࡶࡢࠖ㸦generans naturale㸧ࡣ㉁ᩱ࠿ࡽࡋ࠿⏕ࡲ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ86ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪๰㐀⪅㸦creans㸧ࡢࠝ๰㐀ࡢࠞࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ㉁ᩱ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸87ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪๰㐀⪅ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡀ
㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡟⤊╔ࡍࡿ࡜ࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(9) ➨ 9 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕ⮬Ꮡࡍࡿᙧ┦࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࠕ୍࡞ࡿࡶࡢࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠕᏑᅾ⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࡢᙧ┦ᅉ㸦causa
formalis㸧ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣ⮬ࡽࡀᙧ┦࡞ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ࠕᏑᅾࠖ
㸦esse㸧ࢆ୚࠼ࡿእⓗ࡞సືᅉ㸦causa
agens㸧ࡣᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(10) ➨ 10 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㐠ືኚ໬㸦motus㸧ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚సືࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸦agens㸧ࡣ㸪ࡶࡢࢆྍ⬟ែ࠿ࡽ⌧ᐇែ࡬࡜㌿໬ࡍࡿ㸦reducit㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㐠ືኚ໬࡞ࡋ࡟సືࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ྍ⬟ែ࠿ࡽ⌧ᐇែ࡬࡜㌿໬ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࠕᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᮏᛶ࡟༶ࡋ
࡚ྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠖࢆࠕ⌧ᐇែ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡟ࡍࡿ㸦facit㸧ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪๰㐀୺࡜ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞సື⪅࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(11) ➨ 11 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࣄ࣮ࣗࣞⓗ࡞▱ᛶ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㉁ᩱⓗ▱ᛶ㸦intellectus materialis㸧࡜ࡣ88㸪ᡈࡿேࠎࡀྍ⬟▱ᛶ

Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ nisi ex materia generat㸪Robb ∧ࡣ nisi ex materia causando
generat.
87 Cf. ST I, q. 45, a. 2, ad 2:ࠕࡔࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡀࠕ๰㐀ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣㅖࠎࡢ஦
≀ࡢ඲ᐇయࡀ⏘ฟࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢሙྜ㸪௒࡜௨๓࡜࡛ࡑࡢ࠶ࡾࡉࡲࢆ␗࡟ࡍࡿࡈ࡜
ࡁఱࡽ࠿ྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢࡣぢࡘ࠿ࡾࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡢㄆ㆑ࡢୖ࡛
secundum intellectum Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ஦≀ࡀ௨๓࡟ࡣ඲↛Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡟㸪ࡑࡢᚋᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡟࠸ࡓࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃ࡟ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㸦᪥ୗヂ㸧
88 Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ intellectus ylealis, idest materialis㸪
Robb ∧ࡣ intellectus ylealis
vel materialis.
8696ࢆࡑ࠺ྡ௜ࡅࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ89㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ▱ᛶࡀ㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ᙧ┦ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ90㸪㉁ᩱ࡜ࡢ㢮ఝᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࡑࡢ▱ᛶࡣ㸪ࡕࡻ࠺࡝㉁ᩱࡀឤぬⓗㅖᙧ┦࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡈ࡜ࡃ㸪ྍ▱ⓗㅖᙧ┦࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ྍ⬟ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(12) ➨ 12 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㨦ࡣ⣧⢋࡞⌧ᐇែ࡛ࡶ⣧⢋࡞ྍ⬟ែ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜ゝࡗ࡚㸪㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜ
ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᖐ⤖࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡍ࡛࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ
᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ91ࠋ(13) ➨ 13 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㨦ࡣ㸪ࠕ㨦ࡀࡑࢀ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㉁ᩱ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠖ㸦per materiam ex qua sit㸧ಶయ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ92㸪ࠕ㨦ࡀࡑࡢෆ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㉁ᩱ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ࠖ㸦secundum habitudinem ad materiam in qua est㸧ಶయ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ㄽࡌ
࡚ࡁࡓ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢࠕၥ㢟ࠖ
㸦Questiones㸧ࡢ୰࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓ93ࠋ
Cf. De unitate intellectus, c. 1, u. 7-15:ࠕ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪▱ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄗㅸࡀከࡃࡢேࠎࡢ
࠶࠸ࡔ࡟ᗈࡲࡿ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚ࡍ࡛࡟ஂࡋ࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢㄗㅸࡣ࢔ࣦ࢙࢚ࣟࢫࡢゝㄝ࡟➃ࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࢔ࣦ࢙࢚ࣟࢫࡣ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡀྍ⬟ⓗ࡜⛠ࡋࡓ▱ᛶ࡟㉁ᩱⓗ▱ᛶ࡜࠸࠺୙㐺ษ࡞ྡ๓ࢆࡘࡅ㸪ࡇࡢ▱ᛶࡣᏑᅾⓗ࡟㌟య࠿ࡽศ㞳ࡋࡓᐇయ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚͐ࠝ௨ୗ┬␎ࠞࠋࠖỈ⏣ⱥ⨾ヂࠕ▱ᛶࡢ༢୍ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚̿̿࢔ࣦ࢙࢚ࣟࢫ୺⩏⪅ࡓࡕ࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄽ㥍ࠖࠗ୰ୡᛮ᝿ཎ඾㞟
ᡂ࠘14㸦ᖹซ♫㸪1993 ᖺ㸧
90 ㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ᙧ┦㸦forma materialis㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ST I, q. 75, a. 6, cor.ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
91 ᮏၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅
㸦u. 227-258:ࠕ㨦ࡢෆ࡟⌧ᐇែ࡜ྍ⬟ែࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞௙᪉࡛ぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠖ
௨㝆ࡢ㒊ศ㸧ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
92 Materia ex qua ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ Defferrari, A Lexicon of St. Thomas Aquinas
㸦CUA Press, 1948㸧,
p. 669, “materia ex qua“ࢆཧ↷ࠋࡲࡓ ST, I, q. 55, a. 4, cor.ࢆࡶཧ↷ࠋ
93 Cf. QDA, q. 3, ad 12: “intellectus possibilis, licet non habeat materiam determinatam,tamen substantia anime, cuius est potentia, habet materiam determinatam, non ex qua sit,
set in qua sit.“㸦ࠕྍ⬟▱ᛶࡣ≉ᐃࡢ㉁ᩱࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪ྍ⬟▱ᛶࡀࡑࡢ⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ㨦ࡢᐇయࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚㨦ࡀᅾࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢෆ࡟㨦ࡀᅾࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪≉ᐃࡢ㉁ᩱࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸧㸹q. 3, ad 19: “licet esse anime
intellectiue non dependeat a corpore, tamen habet habitudinem ad corpus naturaliter,
propter perfectionem sue speciei.“㸦ࠕ▱ᛶⓗ࡞㨦ࡢᏑᅾࡣ㌟య࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡅࢀ࡝
ࡶ㸪⮬ࡽࡢ✀ࡢ᏶඲ᛶࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᮏᛶⓗ࡟㌟య࡬ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸧㸹q. 1, ad 2: “Sicut ergo esse anime est a Deo sicut a principio actiuo, et est in corpore sicut
in materia, nec tamen esse anime perit pereunte corpore, ita etiam indiuiduatio anime,8997(14) ➨ 14 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋྍឤⓗㅖ஦≀࡟ࡼࡗ࡚స⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢࡣ㸪ឤぬⓗ㨦࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࠝ㨦࡜㌟యࡢࠞ⤖ྜయ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࠕឤぬࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡣఱ࠿ࢆཷືࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࡣ 㨦 ࡔ ࡅ ࡟ ᒓ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡞ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪 㨦 ࠶ ࡿ ჾ ᐁ 㸦 organum
animatum㸧࡟ᒓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ94ࠋ(15) ➨ 15 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋཝᐦ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪㨦ࡣ୍ࡘࡢ✀࡜ࡋ࡚㢮ࡢෆ࡟ᅾࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㨦ࡣࠕே㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺✀ࡢ࠸ࢃࡤ㒊ศ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ95ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪㨦ࡀ㉁ᩱ࡜ᙧ┦࠿ࡽ」ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣᖐ⤖ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ

etsi aliquam relationem habeat ad corpus, non tamen perit corpore pereunte.“㸦ࠕࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡕࡻ࠺࡝㨦ࡢᏑᅾࡀ⬟ືⓗཎ⌮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⚄࠿ࡽࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㉁ᩱࡢෆ࡟ᅾࡿࡼ࠺࡟
㌟యࡢෆ࡟ᅾࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪㌟య࠿⁛ࡧ࡚ࡶ㨦ࡣ⁛ࡧ࡞࠸ࡢ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪㨦ࡢಶయ໬ࡶ㌟య࡟
ᑐࡋ࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪㌟యࡀ⁛ࡧ࡚ࡶࡑࡢಶయ໬ࡣ⁛ࡧ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸧 ࡲࡓ㸪ḟࡢ⟠ᡤࢆࡶཧ↷ࠋDe ente, c. 5, u. 59-68:ࠕே㛫㟋㨦ࡢಶయ໬ࡣࡑࡢⓎ➃࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㌟య࡟ᶵ఍ཎᅉⓗ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ̿̿࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪㟋㨦ࡣ⮬ࡽࡀࡑࢀࡢ⌧ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿ㌟య
࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡓᏑᅾࢆ⮬ศ࡟ྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ̿̿
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㌟యࡀྲྀࡾཤࡽࢀࡿ࡜ಶయ໬ࡀᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࢃࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ே㛫㟋㨦ࡣ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ே㛫㟋㨦ࡀ
ࡇࡢ㌟యࡢᙧ┦ࡓࡽࡋࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡓᏑᅾࢆ⮬ࡽ࡟ྲྀᚓࡋࡓ௨ୖ㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡣᖖ࡟ಶయ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࡜࡝ࡲࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦✄ᇉヂ㸧
94 Cf. ST I, q. 75, a. 3, cor.:ࠕឤぬࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜㸪࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࡇࢀ࡟㝶కࡍࡿឤぬⓗ㨦 anima
sensitiva ࡢㅖࠎࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟཯ࡋ࡚㸪᫂ࡽ࠿࡟㸪㌟య࡟࠾ࡅࡿఱࡽ࠿ࡢኚ໬ࢆ
ண᝿ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪౛࠼ࡤࡶࡢࢆぢࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚▖ࡀⰍࡢᙧ㇟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚ໬ࢆ୚࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡿࡈ࡜ࡁࡀࡑࢀ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௚ࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢ⌧㇟ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ̿̿ࠋ࠿ࡃࡋ࡚㸪ឤぬⓗ㨦ࡣ⮬ᕫ⮬㌟ࢆ௨࡚ࡍࡿఱࡽᅛ᭷ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ឤぬⓗ㨦ࡢࡍ࡭࡚
ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡣ⤖ྜయ coniunctum ࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁ࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦኱㮵ヂ㸧
95 Leonina ∧ࡣ sicut pars㸪
Robb ∧࡜ Marieti ∧ࡣ quasi pars. Cf. ST I, q. 75, a. 2, ad 1:ࠕࠕࡇࡢᡈࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ஧ᵝࡢ௙᪉࡟ゎࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࠋ୍ࡘ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡣ㸪࠾ࡼࡑ⮬Ꮡࡍࡿ࡜ࡇ
ࢁࡢࡶࡢࡢព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠸ࡲ୍ࡘ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡣ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ✀ࡢᮏᛶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᏶඲࡞⮬Ꮡࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢព࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠝ୰␎ࠞே㛫ࡢ㨦ࡶ㸪ே㛫࡜࠸࠺✀ species ࡢ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡂࡾ㸪➨୍ࡢ௙᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⮬Ꮡࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠕࡇࡢᡈࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡔࡀ➨஧ࡢ௙᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡑ࠺࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋᚋ⪅ࡢព࿡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕࡇࡢᡈࡿ
ࡶࡢࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡢࡣ㨦࡜㌟య࡜ࡢ」ྜయ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸹a. 7, ad 3:ࠕ㌟యࡀ㨦ࡢᮏ㉁ࡢ
࠺ࡕ࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪↛ࡋ㸪㨦ࡀ㌟య࡜ྜ୍ࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ unibilis ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ᮏᛶⓗ࡟㨦ࡢᮏ㉁࡟ࡣᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚㸪ᮏ᮶㸪✀࡟࠾࠸࡚࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ
ࡢࡶࡢࡣ㨦࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪༷ࡗ࡚」ྜయ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦኱㮵ヂ㸧98(16) ➨ 16 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕ▱ᛶⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࠖ㸦intellectualitas㸧ࡣ㸪✀ࡢ୍ࡘࡢᙧ┦ࡀ㉁ᩱࡢศ๭࡟༶ࡋ࡚ከᩘࡢࡶ
ࡢ࡟㓄ศࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞௙᪉࡛㸪ከᩘࡢࡶࡢ࡟㐺ྜࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࠕ▱ᛶⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡣ㠀㉁ᩱⓗ࡞ᙧ┦ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ96ࠋࡴࡋࢁࡑࢀࡣ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤே㛫࡜ኳ౑ࡢࡼ࠺࡟✀࡟࠾࠸࡚␗࡞ࡿᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪␗࡞ࡿேࠎࡢ㨦ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡓࡔᩘⓗ࡟␗࡞ࡿᙧ┦࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᙧ┦ࡢከᵝᛶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ከᵝ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(17) ➨ 17 ࡢㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㨦࡜ኳ౑ࡓࡕࡀ
ࠕྍኚⓗ࡞㟋ࠖ㸦spiritus mutabiles㸧࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ97㸪㑅ᢥ㸦electio㸧࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ኚࢃࡾ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ98ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᡈࡿࡣࡓࡽࡁ࠿ࡽูࡢ
ࡣࡓࡽࡁ࡬ࡢኚ໬࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢࡓࡵ࡟㉁ᩱࡣᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ㉁ᩱࡀ
ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᡈࡿᙧ┦࠿ࡽูࡢᙧ┦࡬ࡢኚ໬㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᡈࡿሙᡤ࠿ࡽ ู ࡢ ሙ ᡤ ࡬ ࡢ ኚ ໬ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࡢ ࠕ ≀ ⌮ ⓗ ࡞ ኚ ໬ ࠖ㸦 mutationes
naturales㸧ࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦௨ୖ㸧

Leonina ∧࡜ Robb ∧ࡣ cum sit forma immaterialis㸪
Mariett ∧ࡣ cum sit forma spiritualis
et immaterialis.
97 Leonina ∧࡜ Marietti ∧ࡣ dicuntur spiritus mutabiles㸪Robb ∧ࡣ dicuntur specie
mutabiles.
㸬㸬 㸬㸬
98 Cf. ST I, q. 82, a. 1, ad 3:ࠕᡃࠎࡀάືࡢ୺ࡓࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡀࡇࢀ࠿࠶ࢀ࠿ࢆ㑅ࡪࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛
ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡓࡿ࠿ࡂࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦኱㮵ヂ㸧
96