.

a -lt"' -li- i. ~ ~ ~~.:k· tc.f
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

1\o. 52--.

__ -.,.,

Palaeontological Society of Japan

Dec. lOth, 1963

CONTENTS

TRANSACTIONS
Page458. The Dimorphism and Ontogeny of Nonroodella hal!i RESSEl\..................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chung-Ilung Hu
459. On the Genus Platanus from 1-!okkaido, Japan ................ Seido E:-;no460. On the Genus Ailanthus from the Tertiary of Japan.................................. Toshimasa TA:\AI and Nobuo SuzUKI
461. The So-called Patinopecten of Japan .................... Koichiro MASUDA·162. Some Permian Bryozoa from the Yamunba Limestone in the Sakawa
Basin, Shikoku, japan .................................. Sumio SAKAGA~ll

129
133
135

145
155

SHORT NOTE
11. Orthoticlzia japonica HAY ASAKA (1933) and Orlhoticlzia magwtzca
GRAllAU (1936)............................
. ..... Ichiro I-lAYASAKA 15-1
PROCEEDINGS................................................................ 161

President: Teiichi KOBAYASHI
Councillors: Kiyoshi ASA!\0 (Editor of "Fossils"), Riuji E:\DO, llaruyoshi FUJL\·IOTO,
Shoshiro IlANZAWA, Tetsuro IlANA! (Secrr·tan), Wat3ru HASHIMOTO (Treasurer).
Kotora IIATAI. lchiro liAYASAKA. Hiroshi OZAKI (Planning'•, Teiichi KOBAYASHI,
Tatsuro i\lATSUl\IOTO (Editor of Special Publications), Masao l'v!INATO, Tokio
SHJKAl\IA (~lembership), Fuyuji TAKA! (Editor), Ryuzo TORIYAt-.IA
Assistant Secretary: Takeo ICHIKAWA

All Communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY or JAPAN
Geological Institute. Facultv of Science. University of Tokyo. Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S .. No. 52. pp. 129-132. pl. 19. Dec. 10. 1963

458.

THE DllVIORPHISl\I AND ONTOGE~Y OF,\iO/t I.VOnDELUl TT4LLJ RESSEH*
CHli:'\G-HL:'\G Hli

Dl·pnrtment of Geology. UniHrsity of Cincinnati. Cincinnati. Ohio**c\'ortcoodd/a hal/i RESSER 17)~fj:~~ c rt~t: ~ij~ ~ illtli'J0f2<j}lj(if'!Jt. f*li'J. Ji?\~O)·Jm~~i..:. .t:;;:,, i!J-1"JO)· ·'F.c:.!f.YJJ :nt.JJ. ~fJr9'-l!lJ. gSf!m lJ!i!. !f'·•ll1t:J!J!. t!Sf!lft :rJt.JJ&<:Yf.Zif.!JJJQ) 6 !P.rJt~

m.'J:. m:

The material of this small report islight colored fine to medium grained
dolomitic linwstone. which was collectl·dby Dr. C. L. BALK (194{)1. from the earl~·
L pper Cambrian Bonneterre Dolomiteof St. Francois County. southeastern't'vlissouri. It contains an abundance ofimmature and mature forms of a late
Ccdaria fauna.
In this report the \Hi ter segregatedNorzmodella hal!i into two different
groups. recognizing the dimorphic phe·nomenon in the same genus and species.
The form presumed male is character·ized by a bigger body. a larger numberof individuals. and header occipital
spi11e. and the presumable female ischaracterized by a smaller number ofindividuals. smaller body. and slenderer
occipital spine.
The author has recognized six de·
Vl'lopmental stages in the material. i. c.
A naprotaspid. ~v!etaprotaspid. Para pro·taspid. Early \leraspid. Late \•!eraspid.
and Holaspid periods.
.\clwmded;;emeuts :-The writer ex·presses his deep appreciation to Dr. C. L.
' Received ~O\'. 1·1. 1962; read ~o\·. 10. 1963.
• • Former addrt>ss: :\ew 1\lcxico Instituteof Mining and Technology. Socorro. New
l\Iexico.

BALK. :-.<ew Mexico Institute of Mining
and Technology. for her supervisionand kind permission to me to described
her excellent collection. Thanks arealso to Dr. T. KoBAYASHI. Professor
Emeritus of the Uniyersity of Tokyo.
japan. for reading this paper.

Family l\orwoodiidae W.\LCOTT. 1916
Genus Norwoodel/a RESSER. 1938

Norwoadcl/a lmlli RESSER
Sonmodella haiti RESSF.R. 1938. Geo/. Soc.
Amrr .. sp. pap. 1 :). p. 90. pl. 10. Jigs. ·15. 46.
Noru·oodel/a !Ja/li Locii~L\~. 19·10. ]our.
Palconf .. NJI. 1 ·1. 110. 1. p. 47. pl. :=.. figs.
31-36.

Dia;.:uosis :-ThE' cranidium is triangular in outline. gently convex. with pro·parial facial suture line. Surface isroundly smooth. fine impressed by dorsal
furrows.
Lateral lobe narrow andrather long (tr.l, and with a medium
sized. hackward·directecl genal spine.
Palpebral lobe medium size. Occipitalring of medium size with a short andthick occipital spine. Librigcna sub·quadrate, occupied by an anterior andposterior projections.

Clmng-H1w(J Hu

130

Pygidium narrow triangular in outline.
gently convex. marked by three faintaxial rings and a small terminal portion.
Outer surface smooth to fine granulation.

Nom·oudella /zalli RESSEl< <;1
Pl. 19. figs. 1-25. 31-3:l.

Norzcoode/la lzalli RESSER. 1938. Geo/. Soc .
.-lmer .. sp. pap. 15, p. 90, pl. 10. ligs. 45. 46.
]l[oru·oodella Jwlli LocH~IA:--1. 19-10. four. Pde·out .. col. J.f. 110. 1. p. -17. pl. 5. ligs. 31. :~5.

Diagnosis:- The cranidi um t ri:mgu lar
in outline. gently com·ex. with proparialfaci~l suture line and large backward·
directed genal spine. Dorsa 1 furrow
rather fine marked. Glabella conical.
tapering forward with three pairs ofgbbellar furrows on inner surface. Oc·
cipital ring crescentic with a short thickoccipital spine and a minute mediann:>de. Anterior margin slightly down
sloping and arching forward. Fixigena
flat and very narrow. Palpebral lobeof medium size. located on the midlineof craniclium.
Librigena subquaclrate. with slender.
sharply pointed anterior and posterior
projections.
Pygidium semicircular in outline.
gently convex. Axial lobe marked by
two axial rings and a concave triangularterminal portion.
Marginal bordernarrow has a faint inner marginal
furrow.
Figured specimens :-Cranidia. U.S.N.M.
H3166. 143·166a.
Librigena. FS.N.r-.1. l.nl66p.
Pygidia. U.S.N.~!. 143.t66q, r. s.
Noncoodella lwlli RESSER
Pl. 19. figs. 26-30. 3·1-36.

o,Yorwoodella hdli LocH~IA:--1. J9.JO. ]our. Pale·
0111., tJO{. ].J, tiO. ], p. ·17. pl. 5, figs. 31-33.
36.

Cumparison :-The male specimens
differ from the female in that (1 l theanterior cranidial margin has an obtuse
angle. (2) the dorsal furrow is deeper.
,3) occipital spine heavier, ('l) pygidial
terminal portion without depression. ,5axial lobe marked by more than tworings. t6l librigena with a broad theanterior and shorter posterior pro·jections.
Figured specimuns :-Cranidia, U.S.N.'\!.
I1J3166y, z.
Librigena. U.S.N.~'i. ltl3~66t.
Pygidia. C. S. l\. \-1. 1·13·166u. Y. w. x.

Nrmcoode/la halli RESSEl<. ontogeny-'\naprotaspid j>eriod !pl. 19. figs. 18-2-li:-The shield is subspherical in outline.
strongly convex. with hypoparial facial
suture line. about 0.30-0.'10 mm. in length,sag.).
Surface roundly smooth; nofurrow or pit is observed. Posterior
margin of the shield with a small holein the smallest form. and a larger holein bigger specimens. which may be aprimitive anus. The under side o{ theshield shows the facial suture line \\·ell.
which runs obliquely from the midline
to the frontal margin of the shield.
.\letaprotaspid period 1pl. 19. figs. 16.
li) :-The shield is about 0.42-0..16 mm.
in length (sag.), subspherical in outline.
strongly convex. surface is finely marked
by six pairs of pits along the dorsal
furrow and a median furrow. Facial
suture line extends farther backward
than in the early stage. The posterior
marginal hole is broader than in earlystage. Facial suture line is hypoparial
form.
Paraprotaspid period (pl. 19. figs. 11-

,~58.

IJ·iw.m·phism and Ontogeny of Xonmodellct15) :-The shield is about 0.47-0.50 mm.
in length 1sag.\. subsphcrical on outline,
rather convex. Surface well impressedby shallow furrows. A small protopygidium is present. but not well separated
from the cephalon. Facial suture line
extends farther backward than in theearly stages. Posterior lateral borderand genal spine arc well marked, andcurve down to \·entral side of the shield.
T\\·o short and strong spines are showedfrom the posterior (fig. 1-1). Facial sutureline is hypoparial or proparial form.
Farfr :1/emspid period (pl. 19, figs. 510 .·-The shield is about 0.55-1.2 mm. in
length tsag.'. O\'ate elongate in outline.
rather convex.
Dorsal furrow wellmarked. Glabella bro:ully conical withtwo pairs of shallow glabellar furrows.
Occipital spine is short and slender.
Posterior lateral border and furrow arc
rather finely marked. Pygidium divided
into 4-5 axial rings. but the pleuralfurrows are not well separated. Facial
suture line is hypoparial or proparial
form.
T.ate Meraspid period (pl. 19. figs. 3,4):-The cranidium without pygidium,thoracic segments and librigenae. gently
convex. about 0.9-1.5 mm. long !sag.).
Dorsal furrows are well define. Glabellabroadly conical. and wider than the
fixigena Eye located far forward fromthe midline of glabella. Facial sutureline represents proparial form.
Early Holaspid period (pl. 19, fig. 36) :-The cranidium gently convex. about
L.8 mm. or more in lengl h, triangular inoutline. Palpebral lobe located backward. and fixigena narrower than earlystages.
A naprotaspides,
Figured specimens:
U.S.N. :VI. U3466o, n, m.
~vletaprotaspides, U.S. N.M. 143-'1661.
k.
Paraprotaspides, U.S.N.~!. 143166j,i, h.
Early ~!eraspides, LJ.S.N.l'vl. 143-166
g, f. e. d.
Late \ler::tsr>ides. U.SN.~l. l43466c.
b.

Early Holaspid. l:.S.:N.M. l43~66a.
Hem arks

This species is represented by 80
specimens from early de\'elopmental
stages to adult form which show well
the successive embryonic stages. The
mature specimens can be separated into
two different groups by their different
characteristics. 21 specimens represent
the female. which is characterized by !}rounded anterior border. (21 shallower
dorsal furrows. r31 sharply pointed li,
brigenal border. 1-11 less segmented pygidium. 151 smaller sized body and smaller
number of individuals. The male is represented by 28 specimens. which arc
featured by (1) pointed angular anteriorborder. i 2! deeper dorsal furrow. r3
broader librigcnal border. r-l1 more segmented pygidium. (5) larger sized andlarger number of individunls.
The early stages of the immatureforms show a strongly convex shield,smooth or pitted dors;.~l furrow. smaller
anal hole and hypoparial facial sutureline. In the middle stages. the shield israther convex. the surface marked byshallow dorsal furrow. the posterior mar·gin of the shield with two vertical spines
on the sides (fig. 1·1), and a hypoparial or
proparial facial suture line. In the latestages. the shield is slightly convex. thesurface is smooth or with faintly im,pressed furrows, the posterior margintlater, with two shorter vertical spines
on the sides. and a proparial facial
suture line.
The guiding principle for the sexual
identification is concern with some.1

Clmng-lhtiiO lfu
modern arthropods. such as Stag-Beetles.
Rhinoceros-Beetles. Hercalt•s-Bectles etc.
The male often has one or more large
horns on the head. and a bigger body.
whereas the female is without or with asmaller horn on the head. and has asmaller body. If these features are ap·
plied to this trilobite. Norn·oodel!a !Ialli.
it is thought that the male body has abigger occipital spine. and a larger size
body. whereas the female has a slenderer
occipital spine. and a smaller size body.
The sexual ratio in this material also
conforms to that in some other kinds ofmodern animals. especially in arthropods.

The male is represented by a larger
number of individuals than the female.

References
LocH~L\N,

C., (1940): Fauna of the basal
Bonneterre dolomite (Upper Cambrian)of southeastern Missouri. ]our. Paleont ..
vo/. 14, 1111. I.
RESSER. C. E..
(!938): Cambrian system(restricted) of the Southern Appalachians
Geof. StK. Amrr .. Spec. Pap. 15.
'VAI.COTT. C. D., (I~Jl6): Cambrian trilobites:
Smithso11 ..Hisc. Col/, rot .. 64. no. 3.

Explanation of plate 19
Figs. 1-25, 31-33: Noncootldla hdfi REssER ¥l. 2. Two larg-e si?.ed cranidin. (I) X 9. U.S.N. M. l•l:i41ifi(2)x II. C.S. ~.J..I. 143166a3, 4. Two late meraspideg, (:l) X 17. V. 5. N. ]'vl. 1•13•166h(-!) x 19, l ' S. N. M. 14346fic
5-10. Four early mera~pidcs. (S. 6. 7) X 14. F S. N. i\·1. 1•l:Hii!id(8)x 16. U.S.~.M 1·13466e (9)x 48. C.S.l\.l\1. HHii(if(10) x 32. U.S.N. M. H3~66g
11-15. Three paraprotaSJ>ides. (11) X -16. U.S.N. M. 143•](:6h (12) x ·15. C. S.l\. M. 143466i(13. 14. 15) X '16, U.S. 1\. M. 143466j
16. 17. Two metaprotaspides. (16) x 50. U.S.N . .r. .t 1-13466k (17) x 55. t:. S.K. 11. 1434661
18-24. Three anaprotaspides, (18. 19. 20) x 58. U.S.N. l\1. l43466m(21) x 65. U.S.N. l\1. 143466n (2~. 23. 24) X 70. C. S, N. l\1. 143166o
25.
A librigena. x Hi. ll. S. N.l\L 143466p
31-33 Three pygidia. (H) X 8.6. U.S. 1\. M. 143466q (32) X 8.3. U.S. ~.l\1. 1,13466r(33) X 8.0. U.S.N. l\1. 143466s
6. 14. 19. 23. Back view of ligures 5. 13. 18. 22. showing the changes of posterior marginof the shield.
7. 15. 20. 2'1. Sidl' \'iew of figures 5. 13, 18, 22. showing the changes of facial sutureline and coll\·exity.
Figs. 26-30. 34-36: Norwoodeffa haffi RESSER
26-29. Four small and large sized pygidia. (26) X 5, U.S.N. l\1. 143166u(27) x 8. U.S.N. 1\1. 1-13466\' (28) x 16.2. C. S. N. l\1. l43•166w(29) x 26. L'. S. K 1\l. H3466x
30. A librigena. x 4.8. U. S. K M. 143466t
3-1. 35. Two cranidia, (3·1) x 6.5. U.S. 1\. M. 143466y (35) X 8.1. 143466z
36. An holaspis. X 9.5, U.S.~. 1\1. 143l66a'of-l u :Dimorphism and Ontogeny of Non voodella

36

35

Plnte l.'J

34

30

Trans Proc. Palacont. Soc. Japan. N. S .. No. o2. pp. 133 -13~. pl. :w. D~c. 10. 1953

-Fi!:l.

ON THE GENUS i'I.,.:.J.T,lNUS FRO:\f HOKKAIDO. JAPAN*
SEIDO ENDO~~~~Jm~:/7?1;;!7,~JS:..:.-;)~--r:: ~:t7?~7-:.:.i±.IJI..1J.Jlo ~n~'J. ~<~~.rJlR::.'JJ-fti
E!Wi~.C~·I?i'Jr'tf~q).I1J1~1i..:.~~·Ht-·o;r:·7.>7}: . .'l~rr=:R!il'l':.~,,, ? v r:?. 1) 7::.il:J.t.::~q)~;J;,ot.~:7:;;!;:;: .A1.4c:~t::c::tili*1<-(~/) 5, Itifij.illi!Jr7.7? ;;lvcf.l:·;.;., ft:fif1l!iH'·J ·10 ~1\.
A • 7 ·t!" 1·r ?.(±jili?~·-==:~(1) >b q) c ljlJViu)t q).!; t1:&., oo lft~~ t c;>)~J~ill\fiRc L /.:,~~~m

The genu Platanus comprises thefollowing six existing species which are
all distributed within the Nonhern
Hemisphere:
P. orienta/is L. ..................... .
From Eastern Europe to Himalaya
P on·idf'nlalis L. . .................. .
From l\lexico to Canada. (Easternside)
P. racemosa NIJTT ..... California
P. 1Vriglilii S. \VATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
From Mexico to Arizona (L S. A.)
P. Lindenimw !\lAin. et GAL ........ .
From Ivlexico to Central America
P. acerifolia A IT. . .................. .
Hybrid between P. orienta/is and 1'.
occidentalis.
The fossil species of the genus attainabout -10 which are reported from various
formations from Cretaceous to Cenozoic.
The genus however. has mo:>t flourished in the Palaeogene period. Its occur·
rences become scarce in the Neogene
formations. In the general shape andnervation its leaves remind one of maple
leaves. The former. however. can be
distinguished from the latter by thearrangement not being opposite in pairs* Received Nov.
1962

~b.

1962 : read Sept. 29.

and by the funnel-like terminus of theleaf-stalk. Another resembling genus is
Cretaceous Credneria. some species ofwhich look almost diagnostic of Platanus
and indeed Credneria rhomboidea VEL.
may be a Flatanus.

Platanus at:eroides GoEPPERT,
subspecies yubariensis E'\DO,n. subsp.
Pl. :!0. fig. 3

Description :-Le:lVeS simple and notlobed. broad ovate in outline. palmately
suprab:J.siliar :~ v~ined and craspedodrome; base somewhat cordate: apex
acumin:lle; nnrgins irregularly dentate
or mor<! or less duplicately dentate;
midrib stout nnd straight; alternate
secondaries in 4 or 5 p:tirs. issuing fro;nmidrib with angle of about 30 degrees,
all strong and straight to the apex of adentation.
Lateral pair of primaries.
also prominent and stout. forming anangles of 30 to 35 degrees with midriD
and bearing 5 to 7 abaxial szcondaries.
Tertiary venation so:newhat p:lrallcl.
irregularly pzrcurrent.
Texture coriaceous.
1 ')•)•_)•_)

Seido Elmo
Maximum length and breadth of theleaf about 10 em. and 9 em. respectively.
Comparison:- The present form is almJst identical with Platanus aceroidcs
G~F.l'P .. which was de3cribed by HEER
(1856, p. 71. pl. 87. fig. 4). But thepresent form is not lobed. Th=refore it
is considered a new subspecies of thespecies. As already stated. the Genus
Platanus includes six existing species
and numerous fossil species in the range
from Cretaceous to Tertiary i,K:-;oWL TON.
1919; LAMOTTE, 1952). The Cretaceous
genus. Crerlneria. may be a near relation
to Platanus. Generally Creduaria has
the obovate or orbicular leaves withroughly dentate margins. Some leayesof Platanus. however. have simple andentire margins.
It is presumed that
remote ancestors had simple and entire
margins.
The present species is most common
in the P:1Iaeogene formations of East
Asia. In Japan it was described by
OISHI and IIUZIOKA (1943, p. 106. pis.

KakutaKumano-sawafi1

m15·-16) from the 1fToodzmnlia formationof the lshikari group.

References
E:-.:oo. S. (1937): On the genus Platanus
from the East Asia.
]our. Nat. Hist.
Tokyo Higher Normal Sclwol. Vol. 35. :Vo.
60. (in Japanese)- - (1941):
The Paleogene fossil plantsfrom the East Asia. jour. Geo!. Soc
japan. Vol. 48.
IIEER. 0. (1856) :Die tertiiire Flora derSchweiz. 2.
KNoW!. TON. F. H (1919) : A catalogue of thel\Iesozoic and Cenozoic plants of North
America. U.S. Ceo/. Surr.. Bull. 696.
L\.\10TTE. I~. S. (1952): Catalogue of the
Cenozoic plants of North America
through 1950. Geol. Soc. Amerim, Jl!emoir
51.
01S111, S. and HuJ10KA K. (1943): On the
Tertiary Platanus from IIokkaido andKarahuto. jour. Foe. Sci .. Hoklwido Imp.
Unit'·· .Ser. 1, Vol. 7. lvo. 1.

Shimizu-sawai?J' # iR.

M / ;R

Explanation of Plate 20
1.

Male catkins of Pia/anus. xca. 1.5
Occurrence: Kakuta Coal-Mine. Yubari-gun. Hokkaido; TFoodu·ardia formation.
2. Platanus sp. xI
Occurrence: Kumanu-sawa. Yubari-gun. Hokkaido: Woodtcardia formation.
3. Platanus aceroide.~ GoEI'I'. subsp .. _vubarieusis E:-:oo. n. subsp. xca. 1
Occurrence: Shimizu-sawa, Yubari-City. Hokkaido: TVoodwardia formation.
4. Platanus sp. X ca. 1
Occurrence: Shimizu-sawa. Yubari-City. 1-lokkaido; Woodwanlia formation.
5. Basal part of leaf-stalk of Ph:tanus. xca. 1.3
Occurrence: Kakuta Coai-JVIine, Yubari-gun, Hokkaido; Woodwardia formation.

ENDo :

Platanus from Hokkaido
Plate 2 0

Trans. Proc. l'alaeont. Soc. japan. :\. S .. :\o. 52. Ill). 135-144. pl. 21. Dec. 10, 1963

46!1.

OK THE GENUS A.JLA.N'J'HUS FRO~I THE
TERTIARY OF JAPAN*
TOSHI~IASA

TANAI and NOBUO SL1ZUI\1

Dcp:trtment of Geology and l\!ineralogy. Faculty of Science,
Ilokkaido University

II ;.ji;J!E(1) m:_.:ff:~.::. '7 t7 ,~, :/(~I.:.-') L . ·c :i:f>l;:(1);~,...ijHU~i 'I' L.::. '7 ry !I- :/~A (Aihmtlws) (j:l I'[uj (1) rf'fjj;tJ. i? lH-n ·7.>!kWrct.., ~ IJ:, -t:"(7){1:7.itt:lt··I:.<:R(1)~l1J!O)tg~7f-IJ· i?~J! ~i1. "'Cl,.Q*~· t:-.>it...:. Q)f.:~Y.ltoo.iil~:ltffll:.:.:t-:iit Z>rf!~Wt J·.m;n · r:). ~~-c~{{O) .t l · .4ilanllms(,i) ·J·'~~ ni~HI:::ri:a; ~fl Lt.:, -=.n ~-> c ftk(,i)*Jli~O);.ji;mO)ftfi~f~Ht-cj;jt,H c. A1lmltlms
yezoense i.:Fn1~i"' 7.>..:. ~ t;;-r: [ft.:, t,d.;, !if:**~ ~itt.: III:Wi-=:1-:;!t 7.> =- '7 ·~ ,~, '/'Mfl::1:i~~,f·t 1.- -c. ~::::.tel:. :t-;it 7.> ;.ji;fii cry 5t-JJi1ti1\\;.:. -?l · "'C illilt\i.:. ~~ L t::.,w1 +I' nt{ ~It · f,; ;;f ~ llfti l:ff
0

1ntroduction

Study of Tertiary Geofioras provides
importalll evidence. if one wishes to in·vestigate the historical development ofmodern plant dist ri but ion. There arewidely-spread plants and narrow en·
demics in the modern plant distribution.
whether at the level of genus or family.
With respect to genera. most of thosein 1h? Arcto·Tertiary Geoftora h~1d awide distribution in the northern hemi·
sphere. and many of them still exist
there: they are typ:nlly temperate orcool temperJ.te genera such as pine.
spruce. fir. alder. birch. poplar. hazelnut.
willo\\·, deciduous o<~k. maple, hawthorn.
rose sum.::~ch. and a host of other. On
the other hand. there are many relict
endemics which formerly had wide dis·tribution, for instance. Sequoia Iredwood).
Jlletasequoia. Glyptostrobus (water-pine).
Taxorlium ibald cypress·J, 1\ete/ceria,
Pseudolarix (golden larch). Cunninghamia(Chinese firl. Comptonia lsweetfernl,
Pterocarya, Cerc:idipltyllum. A.ilant!ms (treeRcl'civecl jan. 21. 196:~: read l\lay

1:{,

1961.

of t:eavenl. Eucommia. Engelliardlia andmany others. Furthermore. some are dis·continuous, as bet ween Europe-Asia·
North Americ.:t for Acsru!us (horse-chest·nut), Castanea (chestnut). Fagus (beech),
Os!J)'a 1hop-hornbeam!, and Ulmus (elm).
or between eastern Asia and eastern
North America in the case of Berchemia,
Cladmstis lyellow-wood). Sassafras (sas·s1fras1, Nvssa (tupelo), Cedrela (Chinesemahogany!, Uquidambar (sweet gum).
and Catalpa (catalpa)
The authors
undertook to investigate Tertiary fossilsof such relict endemic genera. which
are restricted in their modern distribu·
tion, but were widely distributed in theworld during the Tertiary.
The fossil Ailanthus has been widely
recorded from the Tertiary of thenorthern hemisphere. though there is
not an abundant number of specimens.
In eastern Asia 4 species have been re·ported: they are :l. yuu!.fi Hu and
CHAiSE\', il. yezoense OISHI and HUZIOKA,
A. nmfucii U:'\GER, and A. altissima
C\IILL.) SWI:'\GLE.
Recently. several
fruits and leaflets of Ailanthus haveToshimaw T,LV.·ll cmd Sobuo SUZUKI
been found from a Late Mioc~ne floraof northeastern Hokkaido, Japan by theauthors, and also 3 fruit specimens werecollected from Lhe .t-.1liddle \·liocene of
Honshu by HuziOKA and ISHIDA. The
authors investigated these specimens,
comparing them with the previously
recorded species of the world. and offer
a consideration of the past distributionof this genus.
The authors take this opportunity to
express their deep gratitude to Professor
Kazuo 1-IUZIOKA of Akita University
and Dr. Shiro IsHIDA of Kyoto University for kind permisson to study someof their collections.
Fossil Remains from Japan

Tertiary fossils of Ailanthus in Japan
have been identit1ed first from the !\'Iiddle
Miocene of southwestern Hokkaido by
OISHI and IIUZIOKA (19,121: lately thepresent authors add their findings inseveral localities of 1-lokkaido and Honshu. Also, only seeds of Aihmtlms withno wing have been reported from the
Pleistocene of western llonshu by MilO
(19,18). These fossil localities and thegeneral features of the floras found incompany with .lilauthus are as follows:
1) Abura. Setana-machi, southwesternllok kaido (I\ Iiddle i\l iocene,l.
On the basis of an incomplete samara
and its counterpart from the Middle
1\liocene Kunnui formation. Ailallthus
yezoense was established by OISHI and
1-IUZIOKA (19-l2).
Lately, the authors
have investigated the Abura tlora indetail. collecting a number of fossils.
This flora consists mainly of temperate
plants such as Pinaceae, Betulaceae.
Ulmaceae, and Accraceae: of 50 Abura
species. Fagus antipufi, ,Uetasequoia occidentalis, Picea ugoana, /leer ezomlltm.
G!yptostrolms europaeus. Abies aburaensis.

Castanea miomollissima and CarjJinus
subcordata occupy about 90 per cent of
the total 1.169 specimens collected by
the authors. As already discussed indetail i'T ANAl. 1963, in press), the Abura
flora is concluded to have been both aslope and a montane association intemperate region during ~diddle :\hocenetime.
21 Kamishanabuchi,
Engaru-machi,
northeastern Hokl<aido (Late Miocene1.
Several well-preserved leaflets andsamaras referable to A.ilantlms yezoense.
have been collected from the Late\liocene Shanabuchi formation of northeastern Hokkaido by the authors. The
Shanabuchi flora comprises mainly typically temperate families such as Pinaceae, Salicaccae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae.
Ulmaceae. Rosaceae, and Aceraceae; of
Shanabuchi 71 species, F'agus protojaponica. Cladrastis dumeyi. Ulmus proto·
japouica, Betula protuermani. Cercidiphyllum crenatum. ]uglaus japrmica, Cmpinus
subcordata. :1Jagnolia elliptica, Jlt:er protojaponicum, Picea lwnelwrai, Salix lanceolata. Cdtis miobuugeaua. and C. nordenskioldii. make up about 77 per cent of thetotal 993 specimens collecLed by the authors. This flora is largely composed oftemperate bro:1d-leafed trees, accompanied by several southern elements such as
Taitumia. Liquidambar, Cinnamomum,
and Zizyp!ms: it belongs indubitabl~· tothe so-called :'vlitoku-type flora of Latei'vliocene time (TA:\AI. 1961. pp. 169-184).
3) l\.an11go. Tsuruoka City. northeastern llonshu (Middle :vliocene).
A single samara referable to .l. yezoense was collected by J-IuziOKA from thei\liddle l'vliocene Kamigo formation ofnortheastern Honshu. On the basis of
the senior author's investigation (TA:\Al,
1961, pp. 154-155), the Kamigo flora consists mainly of temperate and rather
warm temperate families such as Faga-

-160.

Ailantlzns from. the Tertia1·yceae. Laur.tcc·:te. Legumino::>:w. Anacardia·
ceae: of :l!'i Kamigo species, Castanea
miomol!issiiiUI, (Juercus mawlralisrae, Q.
nalhorsli, Zdkrmrt ungeri, Comptonia mm·manni. Liq11idmnhar miosinica, Cinnamo·
lllltlll miou'lt/1111, l'rtr(f'Jenzoin protopraecox
and Carpinus shimiwi make up over 60
per cent of thr tot:ll specimens collectedby the senior author. This flora consists
largely of rather warm temperate bro:1d·\eafed trees, including severe! subtropicaltrees. and seems likely to have been alowland to lower slope association. in·fluenced by rather warm sea current.
.Ji Takay;t. Suzu City. Ishikawa Pre·
feet ure. nort h·ccntral Honshu 11\liddle
iVIiocene).
Two wcll-prcs:·rved s:tmaras collectedby lstttDA from the !\Iiddle Miocene Ana·mizu formation of 1'\oto peninsula. central
Honshu. are rcfer.tble to A. yezoense. i\c·cording to Dr. lsHtllA's inycstigation. theSuzu flora consists mainly of Taxodia·
ceae. Pinaccae. Betulaceae, Fag.tceac. 1-la·mamelidacrac, Lauraceac, Leguminosae.
and An.1cardiaceae; the dominant species
are Pi1ws mior:r•niu1. Fool~ienia sp. nov.

J1etasequoia occiclentalis, Comptonia lutlf.·
manni. Cas/anra miomollissima. Quercus
nallwrsti. (.!. num:lra/isme. Carpinus slzi·
mizui. Zellwva ungeri, f.iqttidambar mio·sinicrr, cl1adrilus ugoana, Cladrastis ani·
ensis, l'odof.[ollium knorri. Rlws miosuc·cedanea, " Dodonaea" japonica. and .-leerpalaeodiabolicum. This flora includes anumber of ever-green broad-leafed trees.
associating southern conifers, and seems
to have been lowland and slope vegeta·tion during the l\liddle ~vliocene.
5! Higashiyama. Kyoto City. western
Honshu Pleistocene).
6) Minoo·machi.
Toyonaka
City.
Osaka
Prefecture.
western
HonshuIPieistocenc).
Several fossil seeds with no wings
referred to /1. a/tissima were reported
1.

.,..,
1.:. Iby .\ltKI (19~8. pp. 108-109, pl. 5. fig. Illfrom the Pleistocene of western Honshu.
These fossils offer the latest fossil recordof !lilantlws in the world, and probably
have a very close relationship with theliving species which has survived onlyin China.

Fossil Remains from East
Asia except Japan
Fossils of :lilrmt!tus from East Asia,
excluding japan. are known from thefollowing -! localities, but they arc notcommon.
71 Kungsing coal mine, North Ham·gyong·do, northeastern Korea i l'vliddle~vi iocene).
An incomplete winged seed was figured
as A. kyusltinensis from the Middle !\lio·cene Ham-gyong·do format ion of north·eastern Korea by E:\1>0 (195fi, pl. 32. fig. 2).
1\ccording to E:-;oo 11938), this !lora con·sists mainly of J uglandaceac. llelulaceae.
ceae. Fagaceae. Lauraceae, Hamamelida·
and Aceraccae. and is closely similar to
the Daijima·type !lora of ivlicldlc iVIiocene
age, considering from its floristic composi·tion and components. As discussed later,_,t. !?yushineusis is placed in synonymy
with .-l. yezoense by the present authors.
8) Shanwang,
Shantungl'ro\·ince,
northern China (Middle Miocene).
On the basis of a single samara and3 leaflets . . i. yungi was described fromthe .\·Iiddle Miocene Shanwang flora ofnorthern China by Hu and CIIA:\EY(1938. pp. 5-!-55. pl. 30. figs. 4. 5. 8, 91.
These leaflets as discussed later. aresomewhat doubtfully referable to ,li·lmztlms. but the samara is apparently
referable to this genus. The Shanwang
tlora consists mainly of Bctulaccae,
Fagaceae. Ulmaceae. 1-Iamamclidaceac,
Leguminosae. :'\'lagnoliaceae, Anacardia·
ceae, Rosaceae. and Aceraccae, and in·1 :~8

Tm-:himasa TANAI and Nobuo SUZUKI

eludes a number of southern eYer-green
broad-lc:tfed trees. This flora was con·eluded by CHANEY (1938) to have repre·
sented the vegetation surrounding an upland lake during l\·liddle ?\tiocene time.
9J Bureinski Plain, Khavarovskaya,
eastern USSR rPaleocene).
Two incomplete samara referred to :1.
confucii were described from a Paleocene
flora of Khavarovskaya, eastern USSR
by BAIKOVSKA YA (1950, p. 372. pl. 3. figs.
10. 111. This flora consists mainly of
temperate or warm temperate trees suchas S:tlicaceae. .t·vloraceae. Lauraceae.
Rhamnaccae. and Ebenaceae. associatedwith several aquatic plants such as
Sah•inia. Polmnogeton. :lnmdo. Cyperites,,Velumho, and Cemtop/zyllum.
If thisflora is acceptable to be Paleocene inage as considered by BAIKO\'SKA YA. thefossils of ililantlms from Khavarovskayaarc the oldest in the world.
101 Fushun coal field. Fengtien province. soul hcrn i'vlanchuria !Oligocene orLate Eocene).
A number of well-preserved plantfossils have been reported from the Late
Fushun Group of southern Manchuria
by FJ.ORIN (1922l and ENOO (193-t. 1942l.
ENDO listed A. asiatica in the Fushun
flora. but no description and figure were
given for its species. The Fushun flora
is composed mainly of Taxodiaceae.
Salicaceae. Betulaceae. Fagaceae. I\loraceae. Platanaceae, Sabaliles. and 1\'elumbo:
it is closely similar to the lkushunbetsu
flora of llokkaido. japan. and is considered to be Oligocene or Late Eocene
in age.
ll) Ashutas, eastern Kazakh region.
llSSR. (Oligocene).
Two winged seeds of il. <onjlu:ii were
described from the Oligocene flora of
the eastern Kazakh region, Central Asia
by 1\HYSIITOFOVICH (1956, p. 132. pl. 50,
figs. 4, 5). The Ashutas flora consists

mainly of temperate broad-leafed trees
such as Salicaceae. Juglandaceae. Betulaceae. Fagaceae, Ulmaceae. 1\lagnoliaceae,
Hamamelidaceae. Rosaceae. i\ceraceae.
Vitaceae. and Nyssaceae. being associated with conifers such as /'seudolarix,
Taxodium, Jlletasequoia, and Glyptostmbus: all of these fossils show a very
close resemblance to the ~vliddle Miocene
species of Japan.
Fossil Remains from North America
From the Tertiary of North America
have been known 2 species of ililautlms.
A. indiana and A americana. on thebasis largely of winged seeds and occasionally of leaflets. These fossils ranged
from the l\1iddle Eocene to the !\'Iiddle
ivliocene; no fossil of .:lilantlms since theLate !Vlioccne has been recorded. The
localities of .lilant/111s in North America
are as follows:
Ailanthus indiana (l'vlAcGINITIE) BROW!\
12) Upper Cedarville. Nevada (!\/Iiddle
Miocene!: CHANEY and AXELIWil (1959).
p. 189.
13\ Blue 1-vlountains. Oregon (Middle
Miocene): CHANEY and AXEI.Roll (1959),
p. 189. pl. 38. fig. 2.
14: Stinking \Vater. Oregon (Middle
Miocene! : CHA:-\EY and AXELIWll (1959),
p. 189. pl. 38. fig. 1.
15J Sucker Creek. Oregon (\Iiddle \liocenel: S:o..IITII (19391, p. 117. pl. 6. fig. 1;
pl. 7. fig. 2; AR~OLU l}9371. p. 95. pl. 8,
figs. 3. 4.
16l Trout Creek. Oregon (}.tiddle
Miocene): !vlAcGJNITIE (1933). pl. 12. fig.
1 (Original specimen based on leaflet) ;i\R:-\01.0 (1937). p. 35.
17) Tipton. Oregon (1\liddle Miocene):
OLIVER (193·1). p. 23.
Ailrmllms americana Cocl\ EI~ELL
18) Florissant. Colorado (Early Oligocene}: MACGINITIF (1953). Jl. 129. pl. 37,

4UO.

A·ila.nthns from the Tertiary

figs. 7. 8: COCKERELL (1908). p. 539, text·
fig. 3 toriginal specimen on the basis ofwinged seedl.
191 Ruby, i\lontana (Late Oligocene):
BECKER (1961). p. 77. pl. 2t figs. 13-17.
201 Chalk Bluff. California iMiddle
Eocene.•: !vlACGI::-.;tnE (19H). p. 136. pl.
32, fig. 5.
21.: Green Ri,·er. Wyoming (Eocenei:
CocKERELL (19271. p. 9::i: BRO\Y=' :.1934),
p. 59.
Fossil Remains from Europe
Fossils of :lilantlllls have commonly
known from the Terti:ll'y of Europe:
they range from the Lower Oligocene
to the Lower Pliocene. These fo~silsarc largely of winged seeds. p.1rtly ofleaflets. and are described under various
specific names. Principal fossils andtheir localities are as follows:
Ailmztlws umfurii UNGERThis species is most widely distributedand most widely ranged in the Tertiary
vegatation of Europe: it was originallyestablished on the basis of winged seeds
by UNGER t1850 1 • thereafter was redesig·
nated by WEYL.\:-<D i1937l. on the basisof both fruits and leaflets. A. confucii
has been recorded from the following 6
localities in Europe.
22.: Brunn·vosendorf. near Wicn. Aus·
tria (Early Pliocene:: BERGER t19:=i5J. p.
78. abb. 18.
23! Rott, northern Rhineland. Germa·
ny tLate or \Iiddle Oligocene): WEYLAND(1937!. p. 100, abb. ·10, pl. 2. flg. 14 :WESSEL i1856), p. 147, pl. 26. fig. 3;
SCHLECHTENDAI. tl7891, p. 3&1. pl. 2. fig.
l; GoTHA:\ and ZI.\11\IERMA:\:-< (1919~'· p.
116. abb. 73c.
2.:!) Randeck, near Kelheim. Wiirttcmbcrg. Germany tLate 't\,liocene): U:-<GER(1850!. p. 23; [:-;t;ER (1866), p. 51, pl. 17.
figs. 6. I (Original specimens based on

winged seeds;.
25) Erdobenye. near Tokaj. north·eastern
Hungary !Late Oligocene}:
A!\DREAC'\SZKY (19591. p. 155. abb. 181. pl.
67, fig. 2.
261 Krynka R'ver area. Rostov re·gion, southwestern USSR (Late l'v!iocene'::
KRYSHTOFOVICH (1916). p. 1285. fig. 7.
The following species based on winged
seeds are ne:.1rly iildistinguishable from
A. amfucii in ch:.iLlcter of fruit, al·though they are different in size.
271 Ailanthus microspenna HEER. Ho·heronen. ncar Zug. Switzerland !E:uly
Miocene): !lEER !1859:. p. 87. pl. 127. fig.
35.
28! .:lilaatlms
oxicrapa
S.-\ I'OR TA.
Berand. near Sulloditz. Czechoslo\·akia(Late Oligocene): ENGELIIAIWT (18981, p.
110. pl. 11. figs. 15, 16.
29.' Ailantlms foersteri
LAKOWITZ.
Brunsatt, Alsace. France tEarly :-.1iocene':
LAKOWITZ 1\8951. p. 275. pl. 9. fig. 14.
::!Ol .1\ilant/ms sp. Valea Neagra. near
Oradea. northwestern Rumania (Early
Pliocene\: GI\'ULESCU !1962). p. 156, abb.
129.
In addition to the abovc·noted locali·ties. several species of Ailanthus haYe
been reported from many localities by
various authors. Of these fossils leaflets
or fruits surely belonging to A.ilantl/11.~
are as follows:31) .4ilanllms ai!anthifolia (WEBER 1
WEYI.AC'\D. Rolt. north Rhineland. Ger·
many !Late or Middle Oligocene):
WEYLAl\D (1937), p. 100, pl. 12, fig. 15.
32) ili!cmtlms altissima (MILL.l SWJN·
GLE. Stare Gliwice, Upper Silcsia, Poland
C\!ioccne): SzAFER (1961). p. 71, pl. 19,
flgs. 1, 2.
33) !lilantlms recognita SAPowrA. Aix,
Bouches du Rhone. southeasLern France(Early Oligocene): SAPORTA (1862), pl.
8. fig. 7.

Toshimnsa 'J'A.NA.I aml Nobno SUZUKI

110Consideration of Distribution

The living species of the ge:lUS .-lilantlms grows in a limite:! area of thenorthern hemisphere: it is native only incentral and southern China. This livingtree. Ailanthus allissima, seem·,; to show
a warm temperate or subtropical appearance; it is very luxuriantly growing
in such warm or t ropic.1l regions of low
latitudes as ~Ialaysia. India, the PhilipO'pines, New Zealand, and northern Aus·
tralia. though it is not native there. On
the one hand. it is als::> a hardy tree ofvery rapid growth and little affected by
the dust and snuke of cities in tempe·
rate regions of mid:lle latitudes in thenorthern he:nisphere: it show.:; a luxuriant growth evea in cJol-temperate regions of North Am:!ric:t. Europe, andE:1st Asia.
Thus, the living speciess~::!ms to be well adaptable to various
cl i nntic conditions.

30"

e Eocene O<Pole<x:~nc

Text-fig. I.

Past distribution of the genu.; .·lil:mth~s. Xumb~rs of fossil
localities correspond to those written in text.

On the basis of fossil leaflets andfruits surely referred to Ailanthus, thegenus was widely distributed in the
middle latitudes of the northern hemi·
sphere during the Tertiary Period asshown in text·ftg. 1: it ranged fromabout :~:J to about 50 degrees or northlatitudes. l\lost of its fossil loc;dities
arc, however. nearly concentrated into
the following 3 regions: Middle Europe.
East Asia, and western United States.
ll is noteworthy that no fossil Ailanthus.

on the basis of both m1crofossils andpollens. has been recorded from eJstern
United States. where many trees of such
Tertiary world-widely distributed genera
as Comptollia, Taxodium. Liquidam'Jar,
Sa.~safras, ;\lyssa, Lirio:len:lron, Diospyros,
and Cercis, have survived similarly tothe case in China.
l\Iany fossils ofAsiatic genera such as 111etasequoia,
C/yptostrobus. Pterocarya. Engelhardtia.
Ze!lwtla, Cercidip/iyllum, Pltel/odendron,
Camellia. and Acer (Asiatic type). have

1-H
been recorded from the Tertiary ofeastern United States. and also most ofthese genera were common members inall of the Tertiary floras of the world
which include fossils of Ailantlms.
Furthermore. the living species, ,taltissima. is widely naturalized in eastern
United States and eastern Canada. Ac·
cordingly, ir is unsolved why :lilantlms
has been not recorded from the Tertiaryof eastern North America.
~lost of
Tertiary floras including Ailanthus sho\\·,in general, typically temperate or warm
temperate aspects. considering theirfloristic composition. But. some of Paleo·
gene floras such as the Chalk Bluff andGreen River floras of western UnitedStates. have rather subtropical aspect.
and in thes<: floras ;\ilantlms was associ·ated with many tropical or subtropicalever-green trees such as Lygodiwn.
Sabalites, Castanopsis, Ficus. Persea. Cin·namomum. Artocmpus. Terminalia. Pliy·tocrene. and Cauarium. Due to lowering
temperate. Paleogene Ailantlzus in sub·tropical forest seems to have adapted
to temperate climate during Oligocene
and Miocene time. Thus, wide adapta·
tion to \'arious climatic conditions in
the past is quite similar to that of theliving species as shown in the present
cultivation.
As to geologic distribution. in North
America Ailanthus ranged from theMiddle Eocene to the l'vliddle )iliocene.
in Europe from the Lo\\er Oligocene to
the Lower Pliocene, and in East Asia
from the Paleocene to the Pleistocene.
It is rather natural that fossil seeds of
Ailanthus occurred from the Pleistoceneof Japan. because its relict is now foundin China. Considering their distribution.
Paleogene floras with A.ilmztlms some·what shifted southward during Miocene
time in Eurasia. while Ailantllus dis·appeared in interior regions of North

America. The gradual reduction andnarrowing distribution of Ailantllus in
the world during the Late ~liocene and
the Pliocene has been. of course. ascribed
However.
to low·cring temperature.
these problems must be left for later
discussion after research on many otherrelict plants, which flourished "·idely in
the Tertiary.

Description of Species.-lilrmtlms yezoense OISHI et HUZIOKA
Pl. 21. tigs. l. 3 6. 12. 13.
1942. A.ilantfms yczoeusc Ots111 et Ht:ZIOEA.
jour. GI'O/ . .'ioc. japan. l'(J/. ·19, p. 181,
text-fig. 2-4.
1955. A.ilantlms kyus/iiuensis E:-wo. Icon. Foss.
Plants Japan. Is! .. pl. 32. Jig. 2.
1963. Ailanthus yezoense OISHI ct HL'ZIOKA.
TA:-:AI et l\. SL·zn;t. Geol. Sun·. japan.
Spec. Ref'·· pl. Hi. figs. 4, 5. (in press).

Supplement my description:- Leaflets
lanceolate. 14 em. (estimated) long and
4 to 6.7 em. wide: apex gradually
narrowed. with an acuminate tip. some·what arcuate: base broadly rounded toasymmetrically truncate: midrib stout.
very thick below, gradually thin distad·ly. nearly straight but somewhat arcuate
in apical part; secondary nerves about
13 pairs. opposite Lo subalternate. leav·ing midrib at angles of 70 to 90 degrees
in lower part of blade. and of 45 to 55
degrees in upper part. gently curving up·
ward. near margin arising upward. form·
ing loops: slender subsecondary nerves
sometimes leaving midrib in inter·secondary spaces; a few branches fromsecondaries near margin forming smallloops: tertiaries thin. irregularly percurrent: nen·illes indistinct. finely andirregularly reticulate: margin entire but
irregularly waved. having a pair of

1.!2

Toshimasa T.-lN.-11 and Nobuo SUZUKI

glands in basal margin; texture thin;petiole missing.
Samaras 2.5 to 3.2 em. long and 0.8 to
1 em. wide in the middle part : \Vinglinear-oblong in shape. obtuse and twist·
ed apex. acute at base. petiolate: nerves
thin and numerous. indistinct; seeds
occupying a central part of wing. com·pressed. orbicular in shape.
Remarks:- These "·ell-preserved sama·ras from several localities in Japan arereferred to A. yezoense in their charac·
teristic features, though the original
specimen is incomplete.
They wellmatch those produced by the modern .·l.
altissima (l\IILL.) SWINGLE of China. An
incomplete samara figured as !l. kyuslzin.·
ensis from the l\liddle l\iliocene Kungsing
flora of northern Korea (E:-;oo. 1955) isessentially indistinguishable from our
species. and is therefore included in A..
yezoense. Seyeral well-preserved leafletsfrom the Upper .Miocene Shanabuchi
flora of Hokkaido are closely similar to
those of the modern .-l. altissima in theirshape. secondary nervation. and glandsof basal margin. These leaflets are as·sociated with fossil samara of A. yezo·
euse from the same locality. and so they
are referable to this species.
Samaras of .1. yezoense are closely
similar to those of .-1. t.onfucii UNGER
which has been commonly reported fromthe Pliocene to Oligocene floras ofEurope. They also resemble samarasof ;1. indiana (!viACGl:\lTIE) BROW:\ froml\Iiocene floras of western United Statesin all characters. but leaflets referred tothis American species 1Apo(nwm indiana
MACGlNlTIE, 1933. and Sapindus oregoni·
ana K:-;owL T0:-1, LA'<lOTTE. 1935). having
no gbnds which charaterize the genus
Ai/aullms. do not appear to the present
authors like those of Ailantlzus. Foliages
figured as /l. yungi br Hu and CHANEY(1938) from the Miocene Shanwang floraof China seem doubtfully referable tothis genus, though the seed appears to
represent Ailantlzus. A single leaflet
figured as .. t ailanthifolia (WEB.) WEY·
LAND from an Oligocene 11ora of Germany (WEYLAND. 1938: pl. 12. fig. 1;))
represents surely that of this genus,
having a few pairs of distictive gbnds
in its lower margin. but it does not re·semble our leaflets in shape and second·
ary nervation. No fossil lea11ets in theworld are similar to our species.

References
Ai»DREANSZKY. G. (1959):
Die Flora derSarmatischen Stufe in Ungarn. Akademia
Kiado. Budapest.
ARJ'\OJ.D, C. A. (1937): Observations on theFossil Flora of eastern and southeastern
Oregon. Pt. 1. Contr. Jfus. Paleont. Univ.
:\Iicltigcn. !J(J/ . .?. No. 8. pp. 79-102.
BAII<O\'SKAYA. T. ~- (1950): Paleoco;:ne Floraof Boureinsky Plain (in Rus~i:ln). Prob.
Palceont., !lfoslwzc. t•ol. 1, pp. 3,18-381.
BEcKER. H. F. (1961): Oligocene Plants fromthe L;pper Ruby Basin, southwestern
Montana. Geol. Soc. Amer.. 1\lem. 82.
BEJ~GER, Vv. (1955):
Nachtrag zur altpliozanen Flora dcr Congcrien Schichten \'Oil
Brann-Vosendorf bei Wien. Palacontgr ..
rlbt. JJ, /Jd. 9(. pp. 78-84.
BRow~.
R. W. (1934):
The recognizable
species of the Green River Flora. U.S.
Geo/. Sur11 .. Prof. Pap., 185. pp. 45-77.
CHA:>:EY. R \V. & D. I. AxELROD (1959): Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau.
Carn. !nsf. IVc.~ll. Pub!., l'io. 617.
CocKERELL. T. A (1908): Descriptions of
Tertiary plants (Florissant. Colorado).
Amer. ]our. Sci., Ser. 4, 1'0/. 26, pp. 5375-14.
- - (19:27) : A new oak from the Green
River Eocene. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club,
ro!. 27. pp. 94-95.
E~oo. S. (1934) :The Geologic age of the
Fu-shun Group. South Manchuria. Proc.
Imp. !lead. japan, col. 10, 110. 8. pp. 486489.

4ao.

Ailanthus from the Tertian!

- - (1938) : Cenozoic Plants from Tyoscn(Korea) I. II, (in Japanese). four. Geol.
Soc Japan. rot /5, pp. 84-90: pp. :326-3~8.
- - (1955): leones of Fossil Plants fromJapanese Islands. (in japanese). Smzgyo·
Tos/10. Tokyo.
E:-~cELHARDT. H. (1898) :Die Terliiirtlora,-on Berand im Hohmischen MitLclgebirge.
Abh. Deutsch. medici:. Fer. f.
Bohmen. 1.
FLORI:'\, 1<. (1922): Zur Altteni:iren Florader sudlichen Mandschurei.
Pah:eo11t ..
Sinica. Ser., C. z•ol. 1. fasc. 1.
GI\TLESCU. R. (1952) : Die Fossile Flora vonValea '1\aegra. Bezirk. Crisana. Rurnanien.
Palacontgr. Abt. B. bd. 110. pp. 128-187.
GoTHA:". \Y. & Zl~t~tER~tA:":-< (1919): Ptlanzliche und tierischc Fossilen der clcutschen Braunkohlenlager. Braunkollle. btl.
18.
HEER. 0. (1859): Flora teniaria Heh·eriae.
bd. 3. IViufertlmr.
Hu, H. & R W. CHA:-!EY (1938) : A l\Iiocene
Flora from Shuntung Province, China.
Palacont. Sinica, 11erc ser .. z·ot. I. pp. 1-147.
KmcHHEt~tER. F (1957): Die Laubgewachsc
der Braunkohlenseit.
IVillu:lm 1\.uupp.
Halle.
KRYSHTOFOVICIL A. N. (1916): Preliminary
report on the Sarmatian Flora of Krynka
RiYer, Rostov region (in Russian). Bull.
ilkad. Naull., Ser. 8. rol. 12.
- - (1956) : Oligocene Flora of Ashutas region, Kazahkstana (in Russian). Palaro·botanica. fasc. 1.
LM;ow nz (1895) : Die Oligoziinllora

derumgebung von i\li.ilhausen im Elsatz.
ilblt. geolog. Spezialkte .. E!sdz-Lothr. 5
MACGI:-<ITIE. D. H. (1933) : The Trout Creek
Flora of Southeastern Oregon.
Cam.
ln.~t. IVasll. Pub! .. No . .J Ui.
- - (1941): A J\liddle Eocene Flora irorn thecentral Sierra Nevada. Ibid., .Vo. 53-1.
- - (1953) : Fossil Plants of the FlorissantBeds. Colorado. Ibid .. No. 599.
Mno. S. (1948): Floral remains in Kinki
and Adjacent districts sin.:e the Pliocene
with description of 8 new species. (inJapanese). .Hiner. aud Geo/ .. no. 9, pp.
105-1-14.
OISIII, S. & K. HtJZIOKA (19-12): On i\i/anthusfrom the l\Iiocene of Hokkaido (in Japa·
nese). .four. Ceo!. Soc. fapmz. rot . ./9. pp.
180-182.
0Lt\'EH, E. (1934) : A l'vliocene Flora fromthe Blue 1\Iountains. Oregon. Cam. lust.
llit.~h. Pub/., No. J.l'i5. I. pp. 1-27.
SAI'ORT.·\, G (1862): Etude sur Ia Vegetation du sud-est de Ia France i1 l'i:poquetertiaire . .-lnnales Sri . .Vaturel. Bot., Paris,ser. -1. val. 17.
SctiLECIITE!':LHL. D. N. (1889): Bemerkun·
gen und Be it riige zu den Braunkohlenlloren von Rott am Siebengebirge und
Schossnitz in Schlesien. Zeitsclir. f. l'iaturtciss .. bd. 62.
S~IITII. I-I. V. (1939) :A llora of eastern
American a,;pect in the Miocene of Idaho.
Hull. Torrey Bot. Club. wl. 66. pp. 465481.
SZAFER. \V. (1961):
l\•liocenc Flora from
Stare Gliwicc in Upper Silesia. lust. Geol.
IVarszawa. 1101. 33.
T.-\:'\AI. T. (1961):
Neogene Floral Change
in Japan. Jour. Fac. Sci .. Hokkaido Unit· ..
ser. 4. 1'0!. ] 1. :Vo. 2. pp. 119-398.
- - & N. St zt·E 1 (1963) : Miocene Floras
of Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Gcol.
Sun•. fapeu. Spec. rol .. (in press).
t:~GEIL F. (1850):
Die Pflanzenn·stc im
Saltzstock \'On \Vieliczka.
Denkscftr.
.·lkad. !Vis.~. Jrien, .Hafh.·llaf. 1.
- - (1866) : Sylloge Plantarum fossilium II.
Ibid. 22.
\VESSEL. P & C. 0. WEBER (1856) : Neuer
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tertitirflora
der niedcrrheinischen Braunkohlen.for·mation. J>alaeontgr .. bd . .J.
WEYLA:"D. H. (19:37): Erste Erganzungenund Herichtigungen zur Flora der Blatterkohle und der Polierschiefers \·on Rottim Siebengebirge. Palaeontgr .. Abt. B. bd.
83, pp. 1-119.
Yu;-;c, C. (1931):
Illustrated i\·lanual of
Chinese Trees and Shrubs (in Chinese).

I.J-1

Toshimasa TANill and ,Vobno SUZCJ\1

1\ bu raEngaru-machi
Higashiyamr~

Kamigo

!lit

.iii

~

n urr

*

ill
ilt

J:

KamishanabuchilVIinooSetana-machi
Takaya

J:Ht.IV:H

1t

rni

i~i Ml! !Uf
~·li

h.~

Explanation of Plate 21(All natural size)
Figs. 1. 3. ~lilcmtlms :rezoense OISHI et IlEZIOKA. Kami-shanabuchi. Engaru-machi. north·eastern llokkaido. ShanabU<.:hi formation (Late Miocene). Paratype II. U. M.P. 1'\o.
25750 (fig. 1). llypotype No. 25751 (fig. 3).
Fig. 2. Sketch of fig. 1.
Fig . .J. Ailanthus _\'t'zornse OtSIIJ et Ih.:ztOKA. Takaya. Suzu City. Ishikawa Prefecture. Ana·mizu formation (Middle Miocene).
Fig. 5. Ailanthus yewense OISHI et HvziOKA. Kamigo, Tsuruuka City, Yamagata Prefecture.
Kamigo formation (l\1iddle Miocene).
Fig. 6. Ailmttlms yezoense OISHI et HL'ZIOK.\. Abura. Setana-machi. southwestern llokkaido.
Kunnui formation (Middle Miocene). H. U. M.P. No. 9313.
Fig. 7. Sketch of tig. 6.
Fig. 8. Sketch of fig. 4.
Figs. 9-11. Ailanthus al/issima (l\IJI.L.) SII'I:"GLF.. The lh·ing lcatlet and winged seeds forcomparison (culti\-ated in the campus of the Hokkaido Uni\'ersity).
Figs. 12, 13. Aila11/hus yezoense Otslll eL I-IUZIOKA. Kami-shanabuchi. Paratype II. U. M.P. No.
2571!l (fig 12). Hypotype No. 257:>2.

TAN AI and SuZUKI:

Ailanthus from the Te'rtiary

3
1

4

2

7

Plate 21

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc Japan. N S .. Ko. 52. pp. 145-153. pis. 22. 23. Dec. IO, 196:~

THE SO-CALLED PA.T!.YOPECTf_,'\: OF JAPA~*

461.

KOICIIIRO ~IASUDA
Dep:trtment of Geology, Faculty of Educati01i
Tohoku l'niyersity*_milli.l ·:btcl>r., l'atinopectent:.-:n ·"C: *f11i1J';:!1) Patinopecten .!:.;ft)j';ilf.:!1) Patinopecteu
l~*B*n 1?~1lf~ht..:. ·:b<:J>r., Patinopecten ~;t . .Z:.!1)~cv:,;ft;f;l1:l~tt~Mt;MLt..:f.a:lP:-

Patinopectenc(i)Jl];f-i/t!1)~!1)"'Cto.Q.: !:i.J:IlJll?."'·l:.t.J:-~t..:,uff: Pecteu tokunagai Ym;o.

y .·\ \lA !i Patinopecten CT> ?' 1t--- 7' ::. f.l:i-T r., >h 11) -c·~ ~ C: ;;- ;t 1?~1.-::. ht:.x'f L "C Yabepecten
PatinopecJell i.:.tJL"(Lt Forti,l)ectininae t..:-1~il!!l'H:
f:l:/tL.
Patinopecten (s.s.) .!:~:Z.t?*t"'C~·f.:~!1);:.-tjL'C :1lizulwpecteu t~7.:JWT€!H'i~-':J.:{.. *~iiiR Patin opec/en !1)'jiff.r~~1'2:h'.., t.:.!:{') H:l ~ - E!1:
t.~:.Q'lifit~rl~lf-;tt.:< }l!i:.~+>vJ>.Q

v¥:*Introduction

Patinoj>ecten was established by DALL
in 1898 as a section of the genus Pede11
based upon a i\orthern Californian scallop. Pecten murinns GoULD.
ThencePalinopecten has frequentlr been recorded from the Recent seas of the T\orthern
Pacific. Tertiar~' and Pleistocene depositsof Japan and of the West Coast of North
America.
Patinopcctcn has not beenrecorded from other regions.
In Japan Patinopertcn was first used
by KuwDA !193~1 as a subgenus ofPecten based upon a Recent scallop.
Pecten yessoeusis JAY and also for about
ten fossil species such as Pecten tokyo·
ensis ToKt:!\AGA. Peden lwgamiamts
YOKOYA\Ii\. Pecten lakalwsltii YOKO·
1 A't-.1:\. etc.
Thenceforth. there hayebe0n published many works in which
descriptions. illustrations or only listsof Patinoper·ten. Recent or fossil. are* Received

Feb. 1. 1963:

re::td attheannt1al meeting of the Society at Tokyo. Jan.
El, 1963.

gi,·en from various localities distributed
throughout Japan and Korea. '\mongthe Tertiary or Pleistocene Pectinidae
of Japan l'atinopeden has been consider·
ed to be one of the important and in·teresting scallops. particularly from theview point of geographical distribution.
restricted geological range and intimate
relationship with the Californian scallops.
Lately AKIYAi\IA (1962! has discussed on
the phylogenetical relationship between
the North American Patiuoj)ec/en and
the Japanese Patinopeden. and concluded
that some American species of Patino·
pecten migrated from Japan during the\'liocene to Pliocene age. But from thestudy of the Tertiary Pectinidae ofJapan the present writer (1962a) doubted
whether the genus Patinopecten in usage
in Japan can be identified exactly with
the Patiuopec!en. of Western I\orth Americ:L though the genus Patinopecten was
employed for the Japanese Tertiary
scallops at that time.
1'vlany specimens of fossil and Recent
species of Patinopecten from the \Vest
Coast of North America and numerous

146
specimens of all known species of theso-called Patinopecten in Japan werestudied with regard to the above mentioned problem. The specimens studied
included those now preserved in the collections of the Department of Geology,
Faculty of Education, of the Institute ofGeology and Paleontology. Faculty of
Science. both of the Tohoku University.
and of the Saito Ho-on Kai \luseum, allin Sendo.i City, and the collections of
the :'\ational Science ~Iuseum and of theGeological and l\lineralogical Institute.
Faculty of Science. Tokyo University of
Education, all in Tokyo.
The results of examination of thosespecimens show that almost all of thespecies of the so-called Patiuopecten in
Japan differ from the true Patinopectmof l\!orth America and that the so-called
Patiuopecten group in Japan may beclassified into five genera and be included into a subfamily different from thePectininae which includes such genera
as Pecten and Patiuopecten. 1-lo\vever,
only one species, the so-called Patinopecten tokunagai iYOKOYAl\JA). a Pliocene
species of Northern Japan, can be considered to represent an undescribedgenus of the Patinopecten group.
In the present article the writer des·cribes the morphological characters of
the true Patinopecten of North America
and the so-called Patinopecten of japan,
proposes a new classification of thePatinopecten group in usage in japan.
and discusses on the paleontologicalsignificance of the so-called Patinopedenof japan.
Acknowledg·ements

The writer wishes to express his deep
gratitude to Professor Kotora HATAI of
the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science. Tohoku Uni-

versity. for his contiguous encouragement and supervision during the courseof the present work and to Dr. Edwin
C. ALI.ISON of the Department of Geology, San Diego State College, for hiskind offer of the Californian specimens.
Acknowledgements are due to Dr. Tadashige HABE of the National Science~vluseum, Toky·o. for his encouragement
and to Dr. Shozo HA YASAKA of the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, for
his discussion on paleontology problems.
Thanks are due to the Saito 1-Io-on
Kai .Museum, Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University, both of Sendai City and to
the !\ational Science Museum and the
Geological and Mineralogical Institute.
Faculty of Science, Tokyo Universityof EducaLion, both in Tokyo, for permission to study their collections.
Notes on the genus Patinopecten

In 1898 DALL (p. 695) established Patinopecten as a section of the genus Perten and gave the following diagnosis:"Valves with small ribs, flat on theright valve and sometimes dichotomous;
smaller and more rounded on the left
valye; concentric sculpture inconspicuous: radial striae absent or obsolate;ears subequal; valves nearly equilateral".
At that time he designated Pecten
cauriuus GouLD, a Recent scallop of
Northern California, as the type species
and included into this section such fossil
species as Pecten meehii CoNRAD and
Perten expansus DALL.
Subsequently AR!\OLD (1906) raised
Patinopecten to subgeneric ranking andincludecl the following scallops, Pecten
caurinus GoULil, Pecten coo.<;ensis Suul\IARD. Pecten dil/eri DALL, Pecten !lealeyi

-~(11.

So-called Patinonectf!n

AR:\OLD, Pecten ou·u1.i AIC\OLD, Pecten
purisimaensis A RKOLD, Pecten propatu!us
CO:\RAD and Pecten tumeri AR:-10LD.
Subsequently. GRA:\T and GALE 11931'•
gave the following diagnosis to the sub·genus Pati JWjJecten.
"Shell large. thin. sometimes of asome\\·hat pearly texture. haYing a cir·cular outline and very low convexity,
vahres usually equal. although at times
one or the other may become nearly flat:t-au\a\ sculpture consisting of distinct
ribs without minor striation. sometimes
with microscopic cross-hatching. ribs of
the right valve comparatively broad andsquarish. sometimes with a medial sui·cus, those of the left valve narrow.
often sharp. with intercalanes if the ribsof the right \·alve are sulcated; hingeline usually short. ears of almost equal
length. byssal notch deep in the older
species. more shallow in Recent species".
Ar that time they included several
fossil or Recent s::>ecies distributed from
Alaska to Oregon into the subgenus
Patinopecten. :'vioreovcr. they question·
ably referred the japanese Pecteu yama·
sal~ii YoKOYAMA and Peden tryb/ium
Y OKOYA:VIA to Pecten tPatinopeden)/ipafe.ri AR:\OLD, a Pliocene species ofCalifornia.
From the study oi the Recent andfossil Californian scallops referable tu
Patinopucten raurinus \GOl.iLD.:'. the t~rpe
species of the genus Palinopecten, thefollowing features must be added to thedescriptions by DALL. and GRA:--lT and·GAI.l·::Rather thick. conspicuous auricular·crurac along inner margin of auricles
with a conspicuous, rounded. oblong
distal denticle at extremity of posterior
part. that at anterior part extends ven·
trally and terminates distally in an ob·
long. rather obscure denticle in rightvalve: left \·alvc with distal denticle

117

at each extremity of hinge more con·spicuous than that of right valve.
These char:1cteristic features can beobserved in Patinopecten hea!eyi: ARN'OLD)
at hand from the Pliocene formations in
California. But the auricular crurae of
the inner margin of the auricles in
Patiuopecteu caurinus (GOUI.D) and Patinopec!en liealcyi (AR~OLD) are not soconspicuous compared with those of theAmusiinae.
Recently l\IAcNm. 11961) distinguishedthe subgenus Lituyapecten from thegenus Patinopecten based upon the fossil
specimens from Alaska and California.
At that time he designated Patinopectenr Lituyapeden) !ituyaensis !VIAe NEIL as thetype species and included several !mownand new species into Lituyapecten. •\c·cording to the original description andfigures the subgenus Lituyapecten seems
to have the same characteristic featuresof the hinge area as of Patinopecten.
Under the genus PatinojJecten (or sub·genus Patinopecten of some authors)
many species have been described fromthe Tertiary and Quaternary forma·tions in the West Coast of North America. but whether all of these species
can be referred to Patinopecten or Lituya·
pecten may be open to question. Judging
from the published descriptions andfigures of the species hitherto referredto the genus Patinopedeu from the West
Coast of North America it seems that
all may be identified with the genus.
but further study on the problem ap·
pears to be desirable.
The genus Pecten has nearly the samecharacteristic features in the hinge area
as those of the Patinopecten. but theformer can be distinguished from thelatter by its greatly inflated right valve,concave or flat left valve. distinct internal ribs and much less conspicuous
byssal notch. The auricular crurae in148

1\ciichiro ilfASUD;lPecten arc rather obscure and Yery
slender in the right valve but in theleft valve they terminate rlistally in a
distinct, rounded, rather oblong denticle
at each extremity of the hinge. From themorphological characters it is e\·ident
that Patinopecten should be included into
the same subfamily Pectininae as thegenus Pet/en.
In the genera of Amusiinae the auricular crurae terminate di<>tally in a yerymuch conspicuous. rounded. rather ob·
long denticle at each extremity of hinge
and they are considered to be one of
the most important characters in theclassification of them besides the in·ternal ribs (VEI~RILL. 1897).
Considering from the morphologicalcharacters of tile auricular crurae above
described it is evident that they enable
the valves to resist the powerful actionof the adductor muscle when suddenly
closed and may sen·e to strengthen
the valves. This consideration may besupported by the abraded distal denticleof the auricular crurae in the left valveof full grown specimens of the genus
Peden, because this was probably produced by the friction of the valves\vhen suddenly closed for swimming orfor self-protection.
Thus the abo\·enoticed features of hinge area are im·portant criteria in the classification of
the Pectinidae.
The genus Patinopecten in usage injapan very much resembles the true
Patinupecten in general exterior features.
However, almost all species of the socalled Patiuopet'fell of Japan can be distinguished from the true Pati11opecten
by lackinp; the auricular crurae withconspicuous distal denticle. roundedradial ribs in the right valve. very
shallow byssal notch and large auricles.
Therefore. the Japanese species of Patinopeclen are in need of a new classifi·

cation.
Among the numerous Cenozoic speciesof the so-called Patinopecl£'11 of japan
only one Pliocene species. the so-called
Pati nopecten tokuna.[!ai (Y OKoY A C\1 Al. has
the same characteristic auricular crurae
as the true Patinopt>cten. though it ismore obscure. The other morphologicalcharacters of toktmagai are so different
from the Patinopecten of :"oiorth America
that it can be regarded as an undescribed genus of the Patinnpeclw groupas mentioned later.
In other species of the so-called Patinopecten of japan the characteristic features of hinge area as tolmnagai havenot been observed. The other genera
or subgenera of the japanese Patiuopecten group in broad sense. that is tos:ty. Forlipec!P/1, J.11asudap£'den and 1\oloraperlen are lacking !n the characteristic features of hinge area above mentioned.

Revision of the JapanesePatinopecten in mmge
As noticed in the earlier pages, among
the species hitherto referred to Patiuoperten in japan the true Patinopecten
group is represented only by the socalled Patinopedeu lokmwgai !YOKOYA:\JA\. whereas the other scallops ofthe group should be referred to somegenus other than Patinupccten. Fromthe morphological features. among the
Cenozoic Peclinidae of japan only Pecten
a/bicans ISomOTERI, Pecten cxrm;afus
A:--;TO.'\. Pecten pundiru(alus DU:'\KEI~and the so-called Palinnpectrm tolumagai(YOKOYACIIAI can be included into thesubfamily Peel ini nae.
Since publication of a monograph of
the Peclinidae of Japan d\IASlll>A, 1962al.
the writer, from the evidence accumulated to date. finds that the Patinopecten

4a 1.

1.:1!)

So-called Pati.nopecten

group must be revised and proposes inthis work the following classification of
the japanese Patinopeden group.

Jlizulwpectelt kimurai murayamai(YoKoY.-\~L\),

1926.llizulwpet:len kimumi n~tlwsoensis (1\IASt;DA).
1960

Family Pectinidae
Subfamily Pectininae
Genus Peden MtJLI.FR. 17i6

Pecten albimns (SctiJHJTEt~). 1802
Pecten nagmtmnanus YoKoY A~IA. 1\J:!O
Genus l'abepecten l\1.-\SL'DA. n. gen.
Yabepedell tokunagai (Ym:oY,\~1.\). 1911
Subfamily Fortipectininae M.·\SL'll.\, n.
subfam.
Genus Fortipecten Y,\IIE and HATAI. 19~0
Fortipectell kenyoslliensis (CIII:'-IZEI). 1960

Fortipecten takalwsflii (Y IJKOY A~ I A). 19:!0
Genus Masudapecten At-:IY.·\\1.\. 1962
.Hasudapedeu itcasakiensis (~OI.!CI{A). 1935
.1Iasudapecten kintaiclziensis (l'vL\st; DA). 1958
J1asudapedcu masudai (AKIYA\1.-\), 196::!
Genu,.; 1\olorapecten :\L\st:L>A, 1962
Kotorapecten egregius (ITOIGAWA). 1955
Kolorapecteu kagamiwtus (YoKOYA:\1.\). 192:{
Kotorapectrm kagamiamrs mollitcaensis(:..L\SLODJ\), 19')8

Kotorapecteu kagamianus nimrrensis(:..lASL'DA),

1939

XISIY A:\L\),.Hizufzopecte/1 ldmurai yudaensis (MASUDA).
1960.l1izulwpeclen kobi.\•am'li (K.-\\IAI>A). 1954
Jlizuhopecte/1 kudoi (XoMUR!\), 1935
.llizu!topecten parap!ebejus (No:~.IUIL\ andIIAT.\1), 1936

:l!i;;uhopecten pl:micostu/atus (No:-.tt'RJ\ andNll:-10).

1932.\lizu!topecten poculum (YoKoY A~! A), 1926.\li;;u/zopecten powlwn tsudae (NoD.-\). 1962
.l1i;;u/wpecten togeslzilellsis (At-:IYA~IA). 1962
.Hizulwpecten tokyoe11sis (Tot<Ll:-;AGA). 1906
J1izu!topecten lokyoensis lwkuriktwllsis(AKIY.-\~IA).

1962.\/i;;tt/zopecten /okyoe11sis sem:ziensis(At-:IYA~IA).

1962.Hizulwpecten yessoensi.~ (JAY). 1837.\fizulwpecten yessoensis nakatombetsueusis(AKIY.-\~1.->.).

1962.\liz.uhopecten yessmmsis pseudoyessoensis(AKtYAMA

and MIYAJI~IA). 1!!60.llizuhopecten yesSt)(!IISis yokoyamae (MAst;D.\),
1962

1958

1\otorapeclell krtgamianus pam'rus(YOKOYA~i.>.).

1926

1\olort!Pccfcm twganoensis (l\1.\Sl!DA). 1%2
1\.oforapecten tutkajimai (l\1,\st:L>A). 19'5•1
Kotorapecteu sa111zohensis (Ctll:>;ZEI). 1961
Kotorapecle/1 /ryb/ium (YoKoY.\\IA). 1925
Kotorapectr:ll tryblium shi11slme11sis(AKIYA~Ic\),

J1izuhoperten kimumi figcmouraensis(~Ah:AI>!URA). 1910
Jliwhopecten kimurai ugoensis (HAL\! and1962

Kulorapectmt yamasakii (YoEOYA:\IA). 1925
1\otorapecteu yamasakii ninohensis (lVI.\Sl'DA),
195-l
Genus .lliz.ulwpecten MAst;DA, n. gc:n.
J\Jizuhopecten chidzibuensis (IC\:-.r:-;n). 1958
:11izuhopectett /l(!slzimotoi (AKIYA:\1,\), 191i2,\lizulzopecten ibaragiensis (:\lAsliDA), 1953.\Jizulzopeclt•n imamurai (M ASt.:DA). 1959,\Jiz.uhopecten kanbaraensis (OTI!KA), 1938
illizu/wpeden kimurai (Yot-:OYAMA), 192:>

Genus Xippmwpecten MAsti!>A, 1962
Sipponopecten akilwensis (MATS!i~IOTO). 1930
cViJ>fumopectcm walwyaensis (MASUDA). 195G

.Hasudapecten. Kotorapeden and Nipponopecten which are pre\'iously des·cribed as subgenera (AKIYA:\IA. 1962
l\L\SUDA. 1962a) are raised to genericrank bec::lllse of their morphological
ch:.r:1cters which bring them to thelevel of genus.
Description

Genus Yabepeden :\IASUDA. n. gen .
Typl'·species :- Pecten tokzmagai YOKO·
1911. Pliocene Koshiba form<:·

Y:\:\IA.

150

1\uichiro MASUDA

tion of Kanagawa Prefecture.
Geological nmge :-Pliocene.
Diugn?sis :-Shell large. rather thin. com·pressed. suborbicular. inequivalve. rightvalve more convex than nearly flat orslightly inlbted left valve: right valve
with numerous. very low. round-topped
radial ribs which are obscure in younger
stage but Lend to become distinct withgrowth; left \·aive with rather distinct,
very slender. low radial ribs which tend
to become obscure with growth andcharacteristic. conspicuous network; an·terior auricle brger than posterior, withvery shallow byssal notch; hinge withsimple cardinal crura. wide and shallow
resilial pit with rather distinct lateralridges which tend to become obscure
towards and auricular crurae which
terminare distally in a rounded, rather
obscure. oblong denticle; interior surface
slightly folded corresponding to external
sculpture.
Remarks :-The present new genus isnamed in honor of Dr. Hisakatsu YABE.
Emeritus Professor of the Tohoku Uni·
Yersity. who founded the Institute ofGeology and Paleontology, Tohoku Uni·
versity.
The present new genus is based upon
the Pliocc·ne Peden tokunagai YOIW·
Y:\:'viA. The genus Patinoperlen can be
distinguished from the present one byits distinct. squarish radial ribs in theright val\'e, deep byssal notch andmuch more conspicuous auricular crurae.
Fortipecten. Masudapecten, Nipprmopecten
and 1\.otorapecten also can be distin·
guished from the present one by theirlacking auricular crurae with distinct
distal denticle.
Subfamily Fortipectininael\IASUDA, n. subfam.
Deji11ition :-Shell large to very large,
suborbicular; inequivalve. right valve
more inflated than nearly flat or some·what inflated left valve; cardinal crurarather distinct but simple: ctenolium
usually uot observed in adult shell but
sometimes observed in younger shell;
auricles nearly equal. moderate to large;
byssal notch wide and shallow : interior
surface somewhat folded corresponding
to external sculpture.
Remarks :-The present new subfamily
now includes such genera as Fortipecten
YAHE and f-IATAI. Masudaperleu AKIYAl\IA. Kotorapecten l\1ASUDA, Nippouopec·
ten \IASUDA. and iHizuhopecten 1\IASUDA
n. gen. among the japanese Pectinidae.
The present group can be distinguish·
ed from the Pectininae or Amusiinae by
the inequivalved shell with roundedsmooth radial ribs. nearly equal auricles
with wide and shallo\v byssal notch. noauricular crurae with distal denticle andfolded interior surface corresponding toexternal sculpture.

Explanation of Plate 22
Figs. 1:1-d. l'atinopeden ceuriuus (Gon.D). la, Right \'al\'(', xca. 4/9. lb. Hinge area of Ia,
xI. lc. Left valve. xca. 4/9. !d. Hinge area of lb. xl. S.M. Reg. No. 10885. Loc
Puger Sound. Washington. U.S. A. Recenr.
Figs. 2-4. }'abepecteu fokwwgai (YoKoYA1-!A). 2. Hinge area of left valve. xI. 3. Hinge areaof right valve. xi. DGS. Reg . .:\o. :{714. 4. Right valve, xca. l. IGPS. coil. cat. no.
72542. Loc. Right ri,·er cliff of the Chikagawa stream. about 700 m. from the sea shore.
Chikagawa. Mulsu City. Aomori Prefecture. Pliocene Hamada formation.

MASUDA:M t\SU D A

So-called Patinopecten

phot oPlate 22

l,ii J.

151:)a-called Patinopecten

Genus 1\clizuhopectm I'VIASIJDA. n. gen.

Remarks

Tyj;e·species:- Pecten yessoensis ]AY.
1857. Recent. Northern japan.
Geo/of!ical and geof!raPhical distribu-\Vith regard to the development of
the so·called J>atinopecten of Japan thewriter previously noticed that Patinapecten (s. s.) which is newly proposed in
the present article as lvlizuhopecten, isvery abundant in specific and individual
numbers during the Tertiary period.
but only two species are known in the
Pleistocene and only one species. Patinopeden (s. s.) yessoe11sis (.lAY) is known
from the Recent sea of Northern japan.
Mizuhopecten dtichibue11sis (KAJ'\NO)from the Nenokami sandstone of the
Hikokubo group, Chichibu Basin. Saitama Prefecture {KA~l'\0, 1957J and alsoquestionably from the Taishu formation, Tsushima Island. Nagasaki Prefecture (KAN:'\o, 1955: is the earliest known
species of l he genus !1lizu!topecten injapan. Judging from its associatedfauna the Nenokami sandstone is con·sidered to have been deposited under
the inllucnce of warm thermal conditions.
Therefore. l he ancestral stock of L11izu!topecten may be found in the Early
Tertiary formations of a Southern
region. In general. the changes in themarine environmental conditions fromthe Early Neogene to the Recent are
well reflected in the mega fauna. The
water temperature generally became
gradually lower from the Early to latest
Neogene and showed fluctuation during
the Pleistocene. The decreasing in thenumber of species of Mizuhopecten besides other pectinids from during the
Tertiary to the Recent may coincidewith the gradual lowering of the watertemperature associated with physicaland nutrient changes in japan, especiallyin Northern japan. The decreasing of
pectinids in general with the advanceof geological time can be explained by
the changes of environmental conditions.

tions :-Oligocene to Recent. Northern
japan.
Diagnosis :-Shell large. rather thick.
suborbicular. inequivalve. right valve
more inflated than nearly !lat or slightly
inflated left valve; right valve usuallywith rather distinct. broad, roundedradial ribs. rarely dichotomous: left
valve with distinct but low. rounded,narrow radial ribs and fine network;
anterior auricle nearly equal to posterior
one. with wide and shallow byssal notch;
hinge with distinct but simple cardinal
crura. wide and shallow resilial pit with
distinct lateral ridges: interior surface
somewhat folded corresponding to external sculpture.
Nemarl~s :-This new genus is named
based upon the old name of .Iapan.
Mizuhopecten can be cl istinguishedfrom Patinopecten by its having noauricular crurae with distal denticle.
rounded, broad radial ribs and large
auricles with wide and shallow byssal
notch. From Yabepecten it differs by
its having no auricular crurae and broad.
rather distinct radial ribs. Fortipccten
also can be distinguished from the present one by its greatly inllated rightvalve. nearly flat left valve. very large
auricles and narrow radial ribs.
Judged from the figures and c\escrip·tion of Pecten (.4.equipectell) pseudu!oa
EA:'viES and Cox (19561 from the lpper
Miocene to Pliocene of Persia, it can be
distinguished from the present one byits left valve being slightly more inflated
than the right valve. Whether their
specimen can be referred to :\equipecten
and Pecten may be in need of a rc·examination.

1\oichiro .ll.ISL.DA
The earliest occurrence of the common
Recent species of Northern japan, !1lizu·
Jwpecteu yessoensis U A Y), is from the
Early Pliocene formations of the japan
Sea borderland province (l'viASUDA. l962b)
in association with several species of!1/izulropecten and }'abepecten tokunagai(YOKOY:\:\IA\.
Although Miztthopecten
yessoensis (JAy\ survived to the present.
almost all other species of :11izuhopectenand }"abepeclen toktmagai (YOKOL\:\1.-\)
became extinct at the end of the Early
Pliocene. Mizu/wpecteu tokyoensis l10ku·
rikucnsis (AKIYA:\IA) appeared in the
Early Pliocene but it became extinct at
the end of the Early Pliocene and :l/izu·/wperten tol?yoensis is. s.) (TOKUNAGA)
which m:1y be derived from tokyoensis
lwkurikuensis. appeared in the Late PI io·
cene and survived to the Pleistocene.
Jllizulwjwden tokyoensis sematensis (AKI·y A:\IA) appe:J.rcd in the Pleistocene andbecame exti'lct before the close of theage. The development and extinction of
the species Alizultopeden may have h:1d
intimate relation w·ith the changes ofthe environmental conditions.
The genus Patinopectell distributed in
the 1\orthern Pacific region may beclosely related to Pecten or Amusiinae
considering from the presence of theauricular crurae with distal denticle.

The occurrence of the genus Patino·
pecten is unknown from the japanese.Miocene or from the !vliocene of South·
eastern Asia. Therefore, its ancestral
stock may not be a migrant from Asia
but from some other regions, probably
from the l'vlediterranean region. Yabe·
pecten toktmagai ( YOKOY A~IA) which appeared in the Early Pliocene of Northern
Japan probably branched off from thePati11opecten group of the i'\orthern
Pacific region of North America as aresult of its westward migration from
North America in the Early Pliocene.
It became extinct during that time.
References
AKIYA~IA,

M. (1962): Studies on the Phylogeny of Patinopecteu in japan. St:i. Rep.,
Tokyo Kyoilm D;;igaku. Sec. C, l'ol. 8 . .Vo.
7 -J. pp. 63-122. pis. l-8. text-figs. 1-:lAR'\JOLD. R. (HJ06):
Tertiary and Quater·nary Pectens of California. l'r4. J'ap ..
U. :i. Geo/. Sun• .. No. 17. pp. i -146. pis.
1-53, text-figs. l-2.
0,\LL. W. H. (1898): Contributions to the
Tertiary Fauna of Florida with special
Reference to the Silex Beds of Tampa
and the Pliocene Beds of the Caloosahatchie River. Traus. ll'c),"ner Free !nsf.
St·i., Vol . .1. Pt. -1. pp. 571-9·17. pJ:.;. 26-37.
E,\~IES, F. E., and Cox, L. R. (1956): Some

Explanation of Plate 23
Figs. la-b. J'alhwpecten caurinus (GOULD). Ia. Right valve. xca. 1/2. lb. Left valve. xca.
1/2. DGS. Reg. No. 1576. Loc. Eel Ri,·er. Scotia Bluffs, Scotia, Humboldt County, Californi:~, U.S.:\.
Pliocene Wildcat formation.
Figs. 2a-c. Pali11opecten healeyi (AR:"OLD). 2a, Right valve. xca. ?.{:3. 2b. Hinge area of ?.a,xca. 2/3. 2c. llinge area of left valve. xca. 2;3. DGS. Reg. No. 1128. Loc. Hose Can·yon. La jolla Quadrl.. San Diego, California. U.S. A. Pliocene.
Fig. 3. 'r'dJr,pr·dt•u tokulzaKci (Ym:oYACI.lA). Hinge area of left valve. xl. DGS, Reg. No. 371•1.
Loc. Right river cliff of the Chikagawa ~tream. about 700 m. from the sea shore. Chikagawa ..l\1utsu City. Aomori Prefecture. Pliocene Hamada formation.
Figs. ·I 5. ;l/izu!topecte/1 yessoeusis (J.>.Y). ·1. Hinge area of right ,-alve. xI. 5. llinge :tl'l'a ofleft valve, x L. DGS, Reg. No. -t-!88. Loc. As:-1mushi. Nonai-mura. Higashi-Tsugaru.gun.
Aomori Prefecture. Recent.

MASUDA:M ASUDA

So-called Patinopecten

phot·oPlate 23

-lti /.

Tertiary Pectinacea from East .\frica,
Persia and the Mediterrane:1n Region.
Pror. Malac. Sor. {,01/-don, Vol. 32. !'Is. 1& :!. pp. l-68. pis. 1-20
HABE. T. (1951): Genera of Japanese Shells.
Pelecypoda. I (in Japanese). pp. 1-96.
lCXl·ligs. J-192.
K,\:--;1\o, S. (HJ55): Tertiary Mollusca fromTaishu Mine. Tsushima. ?liagasaki Prefecture. Japan.
Trmrs. /'roc. Pdaemrt.
Soc. /aprm . .V. S . .Vo. 18, pp. 31-36. pl. ti.
text-fig. 1.
- - (l9ii7): On Some Xcw Specie:; of htliIZOPl'cfell from the Chichibu Basin. Sairama Prefecture. Bull. C!Jichibu .llus.
.Vat. His/ .. 1\"o. 7, pp. 101-108, r>ls. 1-:i.
KutwD.\, T. (1929-1935):
An Illustrated
Catalogue of japanese Shells (in japanese).
Parts 1-16. Venus. Vuls. 1-5.
.lppend .. pp. 1-154. tcxt-tigs. 1-165.
l\L\cNEII .. F. S. (1961): LituyajJedw (NewSubgenu,; of 1':~/iuopcclen) from Alaska

i\samushi
Chikagawa
Higashi· Tsugaru-gun

and Calif ornta. Prof. l't:jx·r. U.S. Gco/.
Sur!' .. .\'o. :1.';./-}. K. pp. 2~;}-237. pis. 35·16.
!.IMlL'tM, K. (1962~t):
Tertiary Pcctinidae
of Japan. Sci. Rep .. Tohoku Uni1•., Ser. 2(Geo/.), Vol. 33, :Vo. :!, pp. 117-238. pis.
18<~7. text-figs. 1-11.
- - (\962b): Notes on the Tertiary Pectinidae of Japan. Ibid .. Spec. Vol. :Vo. 5.
pp. 159-193, text-figs. I ~9. tables 1-9.
VEtWtLL, A. E. (1897):
A Study of the
Family Pectinidae. with a Revision of
the Genera and Subgenera. Trans. Co1111.
... lead .. lrts & Sci .. Vol. 10, pp. -11-95, pis.
16-21. tCXt·lig. l.
YAu", H .. and IJ..\T.-\1. K. (1910): A Note on/'eden (Forlipectun, subgen. nuv.) takaltashii YoE<>Y.-\\1,\ and lls Bearing of thejapanese :-leogene.
Sci. Rep.. Tohoku
lmjJ. Unil•., .'ier. 2 (Geo/.), Vol. 2 I. No. 2,
pp. 147-160, pi~. :H--35.

Koshiba
Nonai-mura!Urlt~f.llt:

153:-io-c:alled Pa.tinopecten

1]•

~~

!J.,lf 1-'-l f·J'

I
I

I
I
I

I
I

I

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. X. S .. No. 52. p. 151. Dec. 10, l%:lSHORT NOTEII.

( !UTHOTICH!A. JAPO.V!CA. I-IA YASAKA ( 19:~:~) AND

ONTHOTJCH!A. M;1GNIF!CA GRABAU (l!J:JGl*
ICIIIRO HA YASAKA
A. D. Gi~AHAU, in his bulky volume.
fauna of the Maping Limestone ofKwangsi and K weichowll, described a
new species Ort!totidtia magnifica. andremarked that it "is by far the largest
shell. not only of this species but of thegenus so far found in China .... ", witha comment in a foot·note, p. 59. reading•· Recently H A YASAKA has described astill larger species U japonica 1-IAYA·
Si\KA: 1 from Nabeyama region."lieg;:tve a t:1blc of measurements of three
specimens of 0. magni.fi,·a. including. inan additional column. those of the largest
specimen of 0. japonica. This implies
that GRAIIAlJ recognized the identity of
the Chinese and .lap:.~nesc species: tothis idc:1 I flatly consent.
In otherwords. 0. ma~ni_fica \\·as recognized asa synonym of 0. japonica. although theformer name expresses the conspicuous
feature of the species.
GRAfiA tl's work being voluminous.
much time must haYe been necessaryfor editing and printing. so that when

HA YASAKA's paper caught his attention
the whole of his text might have beennearly ready for publication. lie could
not but take an expedient measure ofreferring to it in the foot-note. and ofadding a column of measurements of
the largest japanese specimen to thetable.

Notes
1.

2.

• Received july. 23. 19112

lii-1

Gt~ABAt:.

A. W. (1936):- Early Permian
Fossils of China, II, f'alaeout. Si11ica, ser.
B. !Jot. VIII. fasc. ·1, flfl. 57-fiO, pl. IV,
tigs. 1-3.
IIAYASAKA, I. (1933) :-On the Up. Carb.
Brachipod Fauna from the Nabeyama
Region. etc. 1Uem. Fac. Sci. & 1\grir.,
Tailwku Imp. (]niv., 1'0/. I'{, 110. 2. pp.
20-22. pl. III, fig. 1: pl. IV: pl. V : pl. VI.
tig. I; text-fig. 3.
The fossiliferous
black bituminous limestone is now con·sidered Permian in age on account of thestratigraphical relation with fusulinid
bed.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan. N. S .. 1\o. 52. pp. 155-HiO. pl. 21, Dec. 10. 1963

.lfi2.

SOME PER.NIIAN BRYOZOA FHOM THF: YAMANBALIMESTONE. IN THE SAKAWA BASIN.
SHIKOKU. JAPAN
SUJ\110 SAKAGA\IIDepartment of Geology. Hokkaido Gakugci UniH:rsity at Hakodate}}IJ.

!llll!il~lttTih'<biW=-I~Hc~.!:l!:ililJ.t¥if!i<:'i':·n·i? 5 Ni (~till 1. llHilffi! 2. 51~Jidt{( 2) ~~iie~L.t.:. :.:::(/) 5 b!!'t~=u 2 f.l!:t'. ·--:i.hi> 'F:~!.J:f:·Jt~Ei1<::!ftn·l?l! e.t.?-clt.!~J. .J:i,Q)..,. .: (!)t!i*n. ,;~ i> '1 ·l*ft.-·(/)rom Lt.: .t: 5 ,;:tl~~ :~ * - -r t ~#fs/.f 7 >t - -r.!:: (1)rB11;:1t~ L.t& 1: ffi ~~ ·jJ.(fJ'..l·~;'J:f<..g.Y~ l?.tt. 0 0

and SUGIYA:\1.\ 119331. No~AKA (1916) and
MI:\ATO (19~9. 1955).
KOBAYASHI (19311 reported Spirifaina
salwzcana (nom. nud-1. crinoid stems andbryozoa gen. ct sp. i ndet. from the
Yamanha limestone and considered thatits geological age may correspond to theCarnic. Successively Y ABE and SUGI·
Y:\:\Ii\ il933J described one species ofhexacoral Omphalop!zyl/ia yamanhaeusis,
and it was also considered to be Carnic
in age. A few years later. KOBAYASHI(1935! restudied the Yamanba fauna andclaimed its geological age to be Permian
from the following fossils. namely.
Bryozoa \Coscinittm!. Brachiopods (Mar·tinia 2 spp .. Squamularia, Sclzizophnria.
Spiriferiua, Stn·ptnrlrynrhus. Productid (2spp.), and Foraminifera (Parajitsuliua).
Of these fossils the brachiopods were
restudied by ]. NO:\AKA 119-!6) who discriminated Schizophoria sp. nov .. S. indica(WAAGE!'\). Ortlwtichia derbyi (W.\AGE::\).
Camarophoria mutabilis TSCHER:\YSCHEW,
Sf J'(>ptophynch ItS pseud opel arge IIQ 111$
(BREILI}, Meelwlla? sp .. 1\u/osteges poya II·
gensis (KEYSER), Squamularia rostra/a
iKUTORG:\) Yar. nov .. S. asiatica CHAO.
Martiuia orbicularis GE:\1:\IELLARE. M. sp.

Introduction and Acknowledgements
At the suggestion of Professor Ko·
BA YASH!. the writer visited the Yamanba

limestone in the Sakawa 11asin. Shikoku
to collect bryozoan specimens in April.
1962 and was fortunate in obtainingsome relatively \veil-preserved speci·
mens.
These bryozoans are describedin the present paper.
Before entering into the description.
the writer expresses his sincere thanks
to Professor Teiichi KOBAYASHI of the
University of Tokyo for his kind guidance and encouragement. to Professor
Kotora II.-\T:\1 of the Tohoku University
for his kindness in reading this manuscript. and to ?vir. Naoji No~AKA of
Sakawa-machi for his kind guidance tothe Yamanba limestone.

Historical Heview of Paleontologyof the Yamanba Limestone
The Paleontology of the Yamanba
limestone in the Sakawa basin. Kochi
Prefecture. Shikoku has been discussed
by KOBAYASHI (1931. 1935. 1951J. YABE

105

1511

Sumio SAKA.GAMI

nov .. Spiriferina multiplicata SoWERBY, S.
masuta (\'V.-L\GEN) var. nov. 3nd S. sp.
No:-:AKA placed the Yamanba limestone
in the Artinskian to Kungurian from thebrachiopod fauna. .t-.IINATO !l949) des·cribed Lonsdaleiastraea yamaubaensi$
l\·!Jl\ATO from the limestone and he +J9SS!
considered this coral to indicate the Neo·sducagerina or Parafusulina zone. At thesame time, MINJ\TO staled that Omp//(]/o·plzyllia yamanbac11sis should be subjected
to further investigation. In 1951, KoBAYASIII stated that the Yamanba fauna
is of the middle to late Permian in age
and its fauna is very similar to thatfrom the Iwaizaki limestone of theKitakami massif.

Remarks on Bryozoan Fauna
Five bryozo3n species were discriminated in the collection as follows:
Jleekopora? sp. indet.
Lt'ioclema 11onakae SAK.-\CA~l!, n. sp.
Rlta/}(/onu:son sp. indet.
Hayasakapora erecloradiata SAK AGA:\1 1
Sulcoretepora 11ipponica SAKAGA~IlOf these species. Hayasakapora eredoradiata and Sulcoretepora nipponica coincide with I heir holotypes. Jfayasakapora
erertoradiata was described by SAKA·
GA:\11 '1961) from the h member of the
Iwaizaki limestone. At that time. he also
described II. matsudae from the d member of the Iwaizaki limestone. H. e1·ecto-

radiata and H. matsudae were separated
from one another only by the differencesof their zoarial diameters. In view ofvariability of the dbmrter of zo.1ria
among the specimens from the Yamanba
limestone. the writer now considers that
H. matsudae and l I. erecloradiata may
be synonymous. Sulcoretepora nipponica
was originally described by SAKAGA).II! 1961) from Kamiy:1lsuse (Parafnsulina
zone and the same species was found in
the d member of the Iwaiz:1ki limestone.
The present specimen is nearest to thelwaizaki specimen. Leioclema nonakae
may be close to Leioclema g/obosa CHOCK·FORD which was originally describedfrom Western Australia, and was reported recently by SAKAGA\H • 1961 lfrom Kamiyatsuse. Kitakami massif.
Japan. Of the two indeterminable species, 1Heekopora? sp. is common at thepresent locality, but its internal structures are not well preserved. Rhabdomt:son sp. indet. is represented by only
one oblique section. This form seems
to be nearest ro Rliabdomeson mammilatum '.BRETi'\ALL 1, which was recorded
from the Noonkanbah series in \\'estern
Australia.
In the thin section of the Yamanba
limestone. the writer found a specimenof Clmsenella cf. conicocylindrica CHEN
!Text-figure l,l. This species \Vas originally described from the Chinghsichunglimestone. Hun:ln, China and also recorded by :VIoRJKA w" (1950) from the c1

Text-lig. l. Clmsenel/a cf. collicoq/indrica ClrE;.; X 10 Reg. no. 9518.

462.

HnJozoa from the )·amanbn l:imestonc

member of the Iwaizaki limestone.
From the above mentioned facts. thepresent bryozoan fauna can be referredto the Parafusulina zone. It is very
interesting that the Y:unanh::t faunashows close resemblance with the lwaizaki fauna as already mentioned by
KoHAYASIIl (1951).
This conclusion is
now confirmed by the bryozoans.

Description of Species

Meekoj>nra ? sp. indet.
Pl. 24. fig. L

Zoarium bifoliate. variable in thick·ness.
\tlesotheca apparently closely
joined double layers. reaching at edge
consisting of acute periphery. but occasionally separated by indi\·idual single
layer.
Zooecium tubular. proximallyparallel to mesotheca making large angle
in mature stage. Zooecial tube circular,
its diameter 0.24 mm to 0.27mm. Usual·ly 5 zooecia per 2 mm. Interspaces be·
tween zooecial tubes filled by vesicular
tissue which is triangular to hexagonalin tangential section. regularly arranged
in longitudinal series. and quadrate inlongirudinal section. Two or three. occasionally five rO\\'S of Yesicles in aninterspace between zooecial tubes. \' esi ·cular tissue becoming gradually coarse(in thickness) towards surface. and then.
becoming fine rapidly at two or threelayers of vesicles near surface. Diaphragms usually observed. 1 to 2 in atube.
No stereom covering vesicular
tissue. Lunarium lacking.
Remarlls :-Because of the badly oriented specimens and insufficiency of thematerial at hand. the species was left
unnamed.
Reg. nos. 9501-A. 9502. 9503, 950-l.

157

Leiodema 110110kae SAK:\CM-.11. n. sp.
Pl. 2-1. figs. 2-5.

Two sections were obtained from thesame zoarium. Zoarium encrusting, but
in part. consisting of cylindrical stem.
Diameter of cylindrical stem about
3 mm. zooecial tube bending gradually
outward in longitudinal section. En·
crusting part of zoarium 1.4 mm toL6 111111 thick. zooecial tube parallel tocoenelasma 1,epitheca. for ,-ery shortdistance. then rapidly making large
angle and nearly straight in maturezone.
In tangential section. zooecial
tube circular near surface. roundedpolygonal in immature zone. Diameterof zooecial tube in mature zone 0.16 mm
to 0.22 mm, and about 4 to 5 zooecia
per 2 mm. Zooecial wall thin in imma·
ture zone. becoming as thick as 0.05 mm
to 0.11 mm in mature zone. No moniliform deYeloped but wall formed irregularly. \lesopore relat:vely numerous.
0.06 mm to 0.10 mm in diameter. One
acanthopore usually present at each in·rersection of zooecial walls. 0.008 mm
to 0.020 mm in diameter. surrounded bydark excentric fibrous tissue. Outside
diameter of excentric fibrous tissue
about 0.08 mm. Diaphragms numerous.
very closely spaced in both zooecial
tubes and mesopores. usually spaced
about O.lG mm. occasionally less spaced
near surface. somewhat concave toaperture.
Remarks :-The presenl species ismost similar to Leiodema globosa which
CROCKFORD • 1957
originally describedfrom the Nura Nura member of thePoole Sandstone. Fitzroy basin. ·western
Australia and SAK.\GAl\11 : 1961 • recorded
it from the Para}itsu!ina zone of Kamiyatsuse. Kitakami massif, Japan. This
species is, however. distinguished from

158

Sum io SAKAGAMI

L. globosa by the smaller diameter ofzooecium and larger diameter of acanthopore.
The specific n3me is dedicated to ivir.
~aoji NO:\AK.\ who kindly guided me
to the Yamanba limestone.
Reg. no. 950;) holotypel. 9506.
Rhabdomeson sp. i ndet.
Pl. 24. lig. 8.

.-\ single oblique section.
Zoarium
1.0 mm in diameter. Central tubes about
0.2 mm in diameter. Zooecial tubes circular. 0.11 mm to 0.13 mm in diameterat mature zone. but rhomboidal in immature zone. Wall thin and separated bya dark line in immature zone. about
0.02 mm in thickness. but gradually
thickened about 0.08 rnm to 0.13 mm inmature zone. One kind of acanthopore
disposed at distal edge of each zooecium.
Neither hemisepta nor diaphragms present.
Remarks:- The present form is mostsimiler to Rhabdomeson mammilatum( BRET:\ALL). As its internal structures
were described by CRoCKFORD (194-!l. one
ldnd of large acanthopore is disposedat each intersection of the ridges andsmall acanthopores. diaphragms andhemisepta are all undeveloped. The
present form differs from R. mammila/um simply in the smaller diameter ofzoarium. being about 1 mm instead of
about 2 mm.
Reg. no. 9516-A.
Jlayasakapora crectoradiata S:\KAGA:\11
Pl. 24. figs. 6. 7.

llayasakapora erecloradiala S:\K.\G.-\:\11.
Trans. Proc. Pal. Soc. ]ll/Jall. ;V. S., No.
39. p. 323. pl. 37. figs. 1-8.
1961. Hayasakapora matsudae SAKAG.\:>.11. Pal.
1960.

Soc. japan. Spec. Paper No. 7. PI). ~3. "''·
pl. 27, figs. 15. 16.

Zoarium a cylindrical branch, \'arying
in diameter from 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm orI .8 mm on an average. Zooecial tube
straight and arise radiall~· at rightangle from linear axis. Arrangementof zooecial aperture not observed. but
zooecial tubes seem to be regular inlongitudinally intersecting rows and surrounded by dense fibrous tissue. Fibrous
tissue 0.2·1 111m to 0.:~2 111m thick. Length
and width of zooecial tube 0.7 mm toL1 mm and about 0.16 mm. respectively.
Numerous very minute pores occur at
fibrous tissue near surface. Seven acanthopore-lil<e substances disposed in one
specimen on apertural margin of zooecium (Reg. no. 9516-m but unobsen·able
in other specimens. about 0.06 mm indiameter.
Remarks :-Previously the writer t1960.
1961) described four species of llayasakapora from the Permian rocks of Japan.
Hayasakapora erectoradiata. the type species of the genus, from the h member ·~up­
per part of the Yabeina-Lepidolina zone)of the I waizaki limestone and H matsudae from the d member (upper part of
the Parafusulina zone) of the same limestone were distinguished by their diameter of zoarium. Namely. H. matsudae
has a larger diameter than that of II.
erectoradia/a.
In the Yamanba limestone. seyeral
specimens of llayasakapora were foundin the same horizon. they show no difference in their inner structures. but
the diameter of zoarium is found torange from 1.6 111111 to 2.4 mm. By thisreason the writer considers that II.
erectoradiata and H. matsudae may belong to one and the same species. andaccordingly the geological range of thisspecies extends from the upper partof the Parafus11lina zone to the upper

-~fi2.

lh·yozoa fro/11 the Yamanbn Limestone

part of the Lepido!ina-} 'abeina zone.
Reg. nos. 9501-8. 9509. 9510-A. 9510-8.
9516-B.

1\.amiyatsuse and from the d member ofthe lwaizaki limestone (SAKAG..\:\11. 1961).
Reg. nos. 9508. 9512. 9513, 951-1.
References

Sulcoretepora nipprmica SAKAGA\IIPI 24. fig. 9.
I961. Sulcorl'lcpora nippon ira SAIZA(;A~II. /'al.
Soc. Japan, Spec. Paper No. 7. p..15, pl.
28. figs. 5 8, pi 29, Jigs. 1-3, pl. 30. figs.
1-7.

Zoarium bi foliate. branching in pl:lne
of mesotheca and elongated oval intransverse section. :'vlesotheca straight.
apparently closely joined double layers
reaching to surface at acute edges ofzoarium. Width and thickness of zoarium about 3.4 mm and 1.3 mm. respec·
lively. bored on measurements fromrandom sections. Zooecial tubes parallel
to mesotheca for a very short distance.
then rapidly or more gradually making
large angles in mature region. Zooecial
tubes near surface circular in tangential
section. about 0.19 mm in diameter. andprobably arranged longitudinally. !\umber of rows of zooecial apertures and ofzooecia in 2 mm of one row cannot becounted. Vesicular tissue regularly arranged, usually consisting of one or two
rows of vesicles between longitudinal
series of zooccia and two or three rowsof vesicles composed of two or threevesicles in one row between zooecia in
one zooecial series; arrangements become
indistinct ncar surface. Shape of vesicles rectangular in both tangential andlongitudinal sections. About one half
to two thirds of them near surface
covered by dense fibrous tissue.
Remarl~s:-ln spite of a small number
and ill-preservation of the specimens athand. they coincide with the originaldescription and illustration of the specimens from the Parafusutilza zone of159

l (19·1·1): Bryozoa from thePermian of \\'estern Australia. Part I:
Cyclostomata and Cryplostomata fromthe Korlh-\Vest Basin and Kimberley
District. Pn>r. J.imwmz Sor. N. 8. ll'.. Vol.
6!1. Parts .1-4. pp. 139-175. pis. 4. 5.
- - (1957): Permian Bryozoa from the Fitzroy Basin. \Vestcrn Australia. Cummott·l!'''altlt of Aust. Dept. Nat. f>ez·e!opmen/,JJurMu of .lfilz. Res .. Ceo/. Geoj>ltysics. Bull.
.Vo. 31. pp. 1-t:ll. pis. 1-21.
KonAY.-\SIII. T. (19:11): On the Triassic Formation and Two .. Klippen" of Palaeozoic
Rocks in Sak:nva Basin. Part I. Jour.
GI'O/. Soc. Tokyo, Fol. 38, No. ·152. pp.
:!:?3-216.
- - (1935): Some New Fact:; concerning
the ;'\le:;ozoic l!btory of Japan. ]our.
Gi'ol. Soc. Jaj)(tll, Vol. -12 . .Vo. 499. pp.
192-:?00.
- - (1951) : General Slatement. Regional
Geologr of Japan. (in Japanese). Asakura
Book Pub!. Co., pp. 1-353.
:\II:o: . \To. M. (19·19): Einc Tetrakorallc aus
Yamanba Kalkschicht. Sakawa Gcgend.
Shikoku. Japan. PI'Oc. Japan .latd., Vol.,
25. p. 58.
- - (195:1):
Japanese Carboniferou:; andPermian Corals. Japan Sor. Promotion
CROCI"'ORD.

ildz•. Sci .. pp. 1-~02. pis. 1-13.
R. (1960): Fusulinids from thelwaizaki Limestone. Sci. Rrp. Saitama
U11i11 .. Ser. B. Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 273-299.
pis. -16-53
No:O: ..\KA. J. (HH6) : On the Brachiopods oflhe Y~manba Limestone in the Sakawa
Basin in the Province of Tosa. four.
<;t•o/. Soc. Japan. Fo/. 52, Nos. 610-612,
pp. 22 .. ~1.
SAI\Al;A\11. S. (1960): Jfayasa!lapora. a New
Pt•rmian Bryozoan Genus frnm lwaiz:~ki.
:\·1 iyagi Prefecture. Japan. Trcns. Pror.
]'a/. Soc. Japan. :V. 5., .Vo. 39. pp. 321323. pl. 37.
~loRII\A\L\.

Swnio SJtK.4GAM!

lfiO(J!.HH):Japanese Permian Bryozoa.
Palaeout. SOt:. ]apan. Spe,·. Papers "Yo. I,
pp. l-5H. pi,;. 1-~0.
y,\IIE, II. and Su<;JYAMA. T. (1913):
A 1\ew
Form of 1he Genus Omplwlop!tyl!ia col·lwaizaki
Kamiptlsuse

lecled from Yamanba. near Sakawa·ma·chi. Province of Tosa (Shikoku). Japan.
four. Geol. Geogr .. Vol. /0, Nos. 3--1. pp.
lll-114. pl. 8.

Sakawa basin
Yamanba(lr.}llil;tt!lIll*~

Explanation of Plate 2·1
Fig. 1. Meelwpora ? sp. indet.
Longitudinal section. x20, Reg. no. 9502.
Figs. 2-5. [..eiodema lllmakae SAKAGAMt. n. sp.
2. Longitudinal section of encrusting parr of zoarium. x20. 3. Tangential section ofcylindrical part of the same zoarium. x20. 4. 5. Enlarged part of Fig. 3 and 2, respec·
tivcly. x.JO, Reg. no. 9505.
Figs. 6, 7. /Jayasalwpora erecloradiala SAKAGAMI
6. Longitudinal section of distal part of zoarium. x20. 7, Longitudinal but slightly
tnngential section of proximal part of the same specimen. x20. Rep;. no. 9501.
Fig. 8. R!tabdomesou sp. indet.
Obliquely lrans\'erse section. x20. Reg. no. 9516-A.
Fig. 9. Su/roreft•fJOra nippouica SAKAGAl\11
Longitudinal section. x20. Reg. no. 9Sl3.
All of specimens described in this paper are presen·ed in the collection u[ the llalwdate
School. llnklwido Gnk ugci University.

SAKAGAMJ : Bryozea from, Yam,anba

SAKAG AMI

ph otoPlate 24

1 fllPROCEEDINGS ON THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

B*ii·~#J$i.i1m

ss l!l.lf91J~:t..;.tO:r.tlfl;\~#J~,;..- ._,. ,r-;; '7 .J., it. 1963 ~ 9 H 6. 7 II :c~~tl~~i'lf!.
i!tJN~~i'Jft.:.:tol·"LOOll!tc;Jt.t-:. <~Jm.K 35 fiL

H*'i'l'1:4'fl+~m s6 rmf91J~t.;.to: rt,~4'fla-!=fl.C.·.!: L. "L ~f-:.tlli II *O)~II!l~J 1.:.01, 'LQ) ,;..-" ni :/'7 .!, ( 8 *~JILJ*C'f:~.!: JUl!D i:t.1963-¥ 11 Ji 10 rJ
7\:~m:\Z Qf~fJ•.'(:j1!lt~i!1'HC:l;i~ ·"LJJl.lffi12-*Lt.:. (~JJII:tr 42 11L

0\\ t\w. Occurrence of an Upper Cretaceous
Plant in Central Thailand .... Seido ENDo
On Some Fossil Plants from the Mae Sot
Basin. West Thailand ........ Seido E:--;oo~~mffi{£Jt!!O){&;J11:;,¥1i!¥.

Pediastrum 0)1!:.11 ....
........................ }i};~E.=-:flt>
Kisserriells cari1w. SH ESH O)~t El *I.:. :tort Q !E/1\~J'Ii!l.:."'?l•"L ................... il'{f;t~.ZJIJJ
Two Foraminiferal Sequences in the Yurakucho Formation .............. lliroshi U.111E
r,ijJ4!~V1l!He1tlli!r~W.i!1i Polythecalis 1.:. "'?l ·"L ( f~&.IC). . . . . ~~~§fx • llilll*ifil.!
;,U~I~Jtlli!i'I'.W.i!ll:-tf':/:l'{t:riO)f~f~(;'f;C0 I)(~.~)............................. -ill~~)~On the Lower Silurian Shelly Fauna in the
Langkawi Islands. NorLhwesl Malaya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takashi HA~1.-\U.\. C. R. Jo:->~::s & Teiichi Kou.\ YASIII
Some jurassic Pelecypods from Viet-Nam.
Donated by Dr. H. F":-;T,\1:-.E ........... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ltaru lL\ Y.-\~11
Hmwia. a l\ew Subgenus of Clycymeris. from!he Miyako Group of Northeast japan.. .. .. . .. .
.. ..... ltaru HAYA~tl;l{ll1£tbtctlrt1tT11.:."'?l·"L··· ......... j;:Jlj tic
Permian Fossils from Northern Pahang.
Malara........... I I isayoshi ko
On a New Malaran Species of f)afmauitiua.
Teiichi KoBAYAsllJ & Takashi IL\1\·L\L>,\
Conodonts from the Omi Limestone..... Hisayoshi l<;o & Tnshio KothE
Cundunts from South Kelantan. Malaya... Hisayoshi leo & Toshio KoiKE

,

..

lJ.Il

A:Vl:HHtJM ( l:;'llll'I•II(*) i.:.~~lli L-t.:~ ,;..-fii-O)~JI';.:."'?l ·"( ............... --~Ei!~;tfl. :*:1-lli!!l'X
On the Type Species of Lepidobw from CaPl·bodia .... Kenichi Is1111 & Yasao ?\0<;.\:\ll
Neogene Cyrtoidea (Radiolaria) from the
Isozaki Formation in lbaragi Prefecture.
japan . . . . .
. .. Kojiro N AKASEKO
On the Occurrence of Middle Ordo\·ician
Fossils from Sallin in Thailand near the
Malayan Frontier . .
. ........ .
Teiichi KoJIA\'.-\SliJ & Takashi H;\\tALJ,\
Some Middle Ordovician Brachiopods from
Satun. Soutlwrn Thailand <fl:ih() ...
... Takashi H_t;~tADA
Late Cretaceous Pl'lecypods from the Izumi
Group. Part IV.
. ................ ..
Koichiro IL'Itn;A\\ .\ & Yasuo MAEL>.\
Note on a Cn•tan:ou,; Nautiloid from Kyushu( fti,C) ............................ .
Tatsuro Mxr,.,L \luTo & Masahisa A~t.\:\Cl
On Soml' Pll'istucenl· :\hmmals from Yam:tguchi Prefl·cture. japan.. Yoshikazu 1·1.-\sE<.A\1,\ & Tokuro H,\J~ \The Dimorphism and Ontogen~· of .Vorwoode/la halli I~ E~,.,EI~ ( t\':.1~) .. Chung-Hung H ,.
On the On:urn·nn· of Graplolitl's Sh:tk in:--iorth Thuiland ............... .
Teiichi 1\1111,\\ .-\SI11 & Hisayoshi ll'"tc.·.mti~#J~,;..-..,. .t:;;?)..

E!Kti~-n;Q)~f·Y.- t.;.t0:l1Hi't~.tJt.': 11::7-IOC~c Q)~~1.:.0\,•"L.................. -Millli:lt\'
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11. Palaeontological notes which can be titted int.o less than o:1e printed page (includin~t
figures. maps. tables) will be published in t.hc order recieved as space becomes a\•ailablc.
12. The desired number of reprints should be indicated on the right corner of the front pageof the manuscript. 100 reprints without cover. but will reference to volume. number andyear will be furnished free of charge to the author (if more than one author is im·olved
they shall be divided). Additional reprints will be furnished at the printers rate.

Editorial Regulations
I. The Editorial Staff will transact. presen·e and edit the manuscripts.
:!. \\'hen the Editorial Staff transacts a manuscript. a notification with dale of acceptancewill be sent to the author. if the manuscript is clear, and abides with the regulations.
3. Acceptance or non-acceptance of manuscripts will be decided by the Edtorial Council.
.1, Manuscripts not accepted for publication will bl' returned to the author will notificationfrom the Editor of the rcason(s) for its rejection.
5. J\Ianuscripts accepted will be published in rlw order received with the date of accetance·indicated thereon.
6. Manuscripts whose contents are altered by the author after being accepted for publication,
will have their date of acceptance changed.
7. The print'ing style will he as journal of Palaeontology.
8. Proof reading will be done under the responsiblity of the Publication Committee.